Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Convolution Neural Networks for an Online Handwriting Recognition System

This paper focuses on a specific word recognition technique for an online handwriting recognition system which uses Multiple Component Neural Networks (MCNN) as the exchangeable parts of the classifier. As the most recent of approaches, the system proceeds by segmenting handwriting words into smaller pieces (usually characters), which are recognized separately. The recognition results are then a composition of individually recognized characters. They are sent to the input of a word recognition module to choose the most suitable one by applying some dictionary search algorithms. The proposed classifier overcomes obstacles and difficulties of traditional ones to large character classes. Furthermore, the proposed classifier also has expandable capacity, which can recognize other character classes by adding or changing component networks and built-in dictionaries dynamically. Keywordsonline handwriting; recognition; convolution; neural network.
[1,25(OH)(2)D(3) influences endothelial cell proliferation, apoptosis and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression of aorta in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice].

OBJECTIVE To study possible influences of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on endothelial cell proliferation, apoptosis and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression of aorta in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice and to explore the relationship between vitamin D and atherosclerosis. METHOD Endothelial cell of aorta in apoE(-/-) mice were isolated and cultured, and the influence of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on endothelial cell proliferation were observed by MTT, apoptosis of cells were quantitated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling, Bcl-2 mRNA, fas mRNA and eNOS mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULT Endothelial cell proliferation rate of aorta did not significantly change in the two control groups (0.162 ± 0.031 vs. 0.158 ± 0.006, P > 0.05). Compared with control groups, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) stimulated endothelial cell proliferation of aorta (P < 0.05), but endothelial cell proliferation rate did not significantly change in different 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) concentration groups [1,25(OH)(2)D(3) concentration: 10(-4)mol/L, 10(-5) mol/L, 10(-6) mol/L, 10(-7) mol/L, 10(-8) mol/L, endothelial cell proliferation rate: 0.189 ± 0.013 vs. 0.285 ± 0.011 vs. 0.296 ± 0.026 vs. 0.284 ± 0.017 vs. 0.233 ± 0.010, P > 0.05]. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) research concentration as chosen as 10(-6) mol/L. In 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) 10(-6) mol/L group, the expression of Bcl-2, eNOS mRNA was significantly increased (0.78 ± 0.16 vs. 0.46 ± 0.21 vs. 0.42 ± 0.17, 0.56 ± 0.16 vs. 0.39 ± 0.13 vs. 0.35 ± 0.11, 0.46 ± 0.2 vs. 10.42 ± 0.17 vs. 0.78 ± 0.16, 0.79 ± 0.21 vs. 0.81 ± 0.20 vs. 0.43 ± 0.12), apoptotic index, Fas mRNA was significantly decreased (15.14 ± 3.19 vs. 18.94 ± 4.22 vs. 19.27 ± 4.58, 0.43 ± 0.12 vs.0.79 ± 0.21 vs. 0.81 ± 0.20)(P < 0.05). The quantity of eNOS gene expression was inversely associated with apoptosis index and Fas mRNA, was positively associated with Bcl-2 mRNA (r = -0.676, -0.758, 0.762, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) stimulated endothelial cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and increased eNOS expression of aorta in apoE(-/-) mice. These results may deepen understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
A Note on Linearizability and the Global Time Axiom

The assumption of the existence of global time, which significantly simplifies the analysis of distributed systems, is generally safe since most of the conclusions obtained under the global time axiom can be transferred to the frame where no such assumption is made. In this note, we show that the compositionality of the well-known correctness condition for concurrent objects called linearizability does not satisfy this simplification rule: we present a simple non-linearizable system composed of two objects which are individually linearizable.
Actin‐gated intracellular growth and resurgence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) can invade terminally differentiated superficial bladder epithelial cells and subsequently multiply, forming large biofilm‐like inclusions referred to as pods. In contrast, within immature bladder cells UPEC enter a more quiescent state and often fail to replicate appreciably. As immature bladder epithelial cells undergo terminal differentiation the actin cytoskeleton is radically diminished, a phenomenon that we reasoned could influence the intracellular fate of UPEC. Here we show that UPEC within undifferentiated bladder cells is trafficked into acidic compartments having key features of late endosomes and lysosomes. These UPEC‐containing vacuoles are often enmeshed within a network of actin filaments, the disruption of which stimulates intravacuolar growth and efflux of UPEC in cell culture‐based studies. In this in vitro model system, release of UPEC into the host cytosol further stimulates intracellular bacterial growth and the rapid development of pod‐like inclusions. These inclusions, as well as those observed using an in vivo mouse model, develop in association with cytokeratin intermediate filaments that may act as scaffolding for intracellular biofilm formation. Our data suggest an aetiological basis for recurrent urinary tract infections, linking bladder cell differentiation and the accompanying redistribution of actin microfilaments with the resurgence of UPEC from quiescent intravacuolar reservoirs within the bladder epithelium.
A wavelet based multiscale detection scheme of feature points

We present a scheme for feature points detection on a grey level image. The use of this algorithm does not imply the segmentation of the objects but only the detection of their edges. This task is achieve through the study of the behavior of wavelet coefficients across scales. Once the edges are detected, the high curvature points along them are localized. These points are extracted as the transition points of a gradient phase signal, with a wavelet based algorithm. Finally, our algorithm is able to select between the feature points a set of the most representative ones through the determination of the point type and the measurement of the local curvature. We prove the efficiency of our algorithm on three examples and we discuss the robustness of our algorithm versus classical ones.
Interspecific Variability in Sensitivity to UV Radiation and Subsequent Recovery in Selected Isolates of Marine Bacteria

ABSTRACT The interspecific variability in the sensitivity of marine bacterial isolates to UV-B (295- to 320-nm) radiation and their ability to recover from previous UV-B stress were examined. Isolates originating from different microenvironments of the northern Adriatic Sea were transferred to aged seawater and exposed to artificial UV-B radiation for 4 h and subsequently to different radiation regimens excluding UV-B to determine the recovery from UV-B stress. Bacterial activity was assessed by thymidine and leucine incorporation measurements prior to and immediately after the exposure to UV-B and after the subsequent exposure to the different radiation regimens. Large interspecific differences among the 11 bacterial isolates were found in the sensitivity to UV-B, ranging from 21 to 92% inhibition of leucine incorporation compared to the bacterial activity measured in dark controls and from 14 to 84% for thymidine incorporation. Interspecific differences in the recovery from the UV stress were also large. An inverse relation was detectable between the ability to recover under dark conditions and the recovery under photosynthetic active radiation (400 to 700 nm). The observed large interspecific differences in the sensitivity to UV-B radiation and even more so in the subsequent recovery from UV-B stress are not related to the prevailing radiation conditions of the microhabitats from which the bacterial isolates originate. Based on our investigations on the 11 marine isolates, we conclude that there are large interspecific differences in the sensitivity to UV-B radiation and even larger differences in the mechanisms of recovery from previous UV stress. This might lead to UV-mediated shifts in the bacterioplankton community composition in marine surface waters.
Selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons produce anterograde and retrograde deficits in a social transmission of food preference task in rats

We examined the performance of Long‐Evans rats with 192 IgG‐saporin lesions of the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band (MS/VDB) or nucleus basalis magnocellularis/substantia innominata (NBM/SI), which removed cholinergic projections mainly to hippocampus or neocortex, respectively. We studied the effects of these lesions on anterograde and retrograde memory for a natural form of hippocampal‐dependent associative memory, the social transmission of food preference. In a study of anterograde memory, MS/VDB lesions did not affect the immediate, 24‐h or 3‐week retention of the task. In contrast, NBM/SI lesions severely impaired immediate and 24‐h retention. In a study of retrograde memory in which rats acquired the food preference 5 days or 1 day before surgery and they were tested 10–11 days after surgery, MS/VDB‐lesioned rats showed striking memory deficits for the preference acquired at a long delay (5 days) before surgery, although all lesioned rats exhibited poorer retention on both retest sessions than on their pretest performance. Subsequent testing of new anterograde learning in these rats revealed no disrupting effects of lesions on a standard two‐choice test. When rats were administered a three‐choice test, in which the target food was presented along with two more options, NBM/SI‐lesioned rats were somewhat impaired on a 24‐h retention test. These results provide evidence that NBM/SI and MS/VDB cholinergic neurons are differentially involved in a social memory task that uses olfactory cues, suggesting a role for these neurons in acquisition and consolidation/retrieval of nonspatial declarative memory.
Design challenges and solutions for Non-Volatile SRAMs

A novel hybrid memory architecture - Non-Volatile SRAMs (NVSRAMs) wherein resistive memories incorporated as an integral part of SRAM cell to provide information back-up feature is presented in this paper. It also makes a discussion on some of the challenges faced in implementing hybrid memories and the prospective solutions.
Technological dynamics: An empirical study in mobile telecommunications

Mobile communication market presents drastically technology changes from the first generation (1G), second generation (2G), third generation (3G) and next fourth generation(4G) in progress. This study investigates the impact of technological change on a firm's development of capabilities in the context of mobile telecommunications. We propose instability of technology scope, the diversity and ranking of patent classes of the industry over time to measure technological changes. In a total of 21 firms and their 286,953 patents related in the field of mobile telecommunications, empirical results show that firms would tend to concentrate technological portfolio in addressing to technological change.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Discharge Nursing Intervention to Promote Self-Regulation of Care for Early Discharge Interventional Cardiology Patients

This randomized controlled trial examined a discharge nursing intervention aimed at promoting self-regulation of care for early discharge interventional cardiology patients. The purpose of this study was to compare medication adherence, patient satisfaction, use of urgent care, and illness perception in patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing interventional revascularization procedures who receive usual care and those who receive a discharge nursing intervention.
Electrostatics and proton transfer in photosynthetic water oxidation.

Photosystem II (PSII) oxidizes two water molecules to yield dioxygen plus four protons. Dioxygen is released during the last out of four sequential oxidation steps of the catalytic centre (S(0) --> S(1), S(1) --> S(2), S(2) --> S(3), S(3) --> S(4) --> S(0)). The release of the chemically produced protons is blurred by transient, highly variable and electrostatically triggered proton transfer at the periphery (Bohr effect). The extent of the latter transiently amounts to more than one H(+)/e(-) under certain conditions and this is understood in terms of electrostatics. By kinetic analyses of electron-proton transfer and electrochromism, we discriminated between Bohr-effect and chemically produced protons and arrived at a distribution of the latter over the oxidation steps of 1 : 0 : 1 : 2. During the oxidation of tyr-161 on subunit D1 (Y(Z)), its phenolic proton is not normally released into the bulk. Instead, it is shared with and confined in a hydrogen-bonded cluster. This notion is difficult to reconcile with proposed mechanisms where Y(Z) acts as a hydrogen acceptor for bound water. Only in manganese (Mn) depleted PSII is the proton released into the bulk and this changes the rate of electron transfer between Y(Z) and the primary donor of PSII P(+)(680) from electron to proton controlled. D1-His190, the proposed centre of the hydrogen-bonded cluster around Y(Z), is probably further remote from Y(Z) than previously thought, because substitution of D1-Glu189, its direct neighbour, by Gln, Arg or Lys is without effect on the electron transfer from Y(Z) to P(+)(680) (in nanoseconds) and from the Mn cluster to Y(ox)(Z).
Delay-dependent/delay-independent stability of linear systems with multiple time-varying delays

Delay-dependent/delay-independent uniform asymptotic stability and uniform stability criteria for linear systems with multiple time-varying delays are established respectively in this note. The results are derived based on a new-type stability theorem for retarded dynamical systems and a new analysis technique for estimating the derivative of a Lyapunov function along the solution of a system at certain specific instants. Four remarks together with an illustrative example are given to compare the obtained results with and to show their superiority to those in the literature.
COMPUTAÇÃO FORENSE E AS OPORTUNIDADES OFERECIDAS PELA COMPUTAÇÃO EM NÚVEM

Este artigo visa explorar as principais oportunidades que a Computacao em Nuvem tem a oferecer a Computacao Forense. A partir disso, discutiremos a utilizacao do modelo de programacao MapReduce na realizacao de tarefas tipicas de pericia, e sua utilizacao em conjunto com a Computacao em Nuvem, sendo entregue como servico e usufruindo das caracteristicas chaves oferecidas pela nuvem.
Anatomical Basis of Differences in Locomotor Behavior in Anolis Lizards: A Comparison Between Two Ecomorphs

ABSTRACT Anolis lizards have become model organisms for the study of adaptive radiation, as on each of the larger islands in the Caribbean, animals with similar morphologies have independently radiated into similar ecological niches. Central in the study of these animals have been the investigations correlating differences in limb dimensions to substrate characteristics and locomotor performance. However, little is known about differences in the musculoskeletal system that could underlie the observed differences in performance or locomotor style (i.e., gait characteristics). Here, we provide data on the morphology of the appendicular skeleton and musculature in two species of Anolis that differ greatly in habitat use and locomotor performance: A. sagrei and A. valencienni. The first and principal objective was to provide a detailed description of the appendicular morphology that could serve as a basis for further study. Our second objective was to test for quantitative differences in muscle mass and muscle mass distribution between the two species. Finally, we explore how the observed differences in the musculoskeletal system might be correlated with locomotor performance and locomotor style by analyzing data on the spatiotemporal gait characteristics in these two species while they were moving on substrates of different diameters. Our data show distinct differences in the morphology, muscle mass, and muscle mass distribution and illustrate how these may result in greater step and stride lengths in A. sagrei, allowing it to achieve higher sprint speeds. Anolis valencienni has less robust muscles that might constrain step and stride length, which in turn could provide it with greater stability on narrow substrates.
Use of Medicaid Data to Explore Community Characteristics Associated with HIV Prevalence among Beneficiaries with Schizophrenia

Objective. People with severe mental illness (SMI) may be at increased risk for several adverse health conditions, including HIV/AIDS. This disproportionate disease burden has been studied primarily at the individual rather than community level, in part due to the rarity of data sources linking individual information on medical and mental health characteristics with community-level data. We demonstrated the potential of Medicaid data to address this gap. Methods. We analyzed data on Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia from eight states that account for 66% of cumulative AIDS cases nationally. Results. Across 44 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), the treated prevalence of HIV among adult Medicaid beneficiaries diagnosed with schizophrenia was 1.56% (standard deviation = 1.31%). To explore possible causes of variation, we linked claims files with a range of MSA social and contextual variables including local AIDS prevalence rates, area-based economic measures, crime rates, substance abuse treatment resources, and estimates of injection drug users (IDUs) and HIV infection among IDUs, which strongly predicted community infection rates among people with schizophrenia. Conclusions. Effective strategies for HIV prevention among people with SMI may include targeting prevention efforts to areas where risk is greatest; examining social network links between IDU and SMI groups; and implementing harm reduction, drug treatment, and other interventions to reduce HIV spread among IDUs. Our findings also suggest the need for research on HIV among people with SMI that examines geographical variation and demonstrates the potential use of health-care claims data to provide epidemiologic insights into small-area variations and trends in physical health among those with SMI.
Removal of linezolid by conventional intermittent hemodialysis, sustained low-efficiency dialysis, or continuous venovenous hemofiltration in patients with acute renal failure

Objective:To study the removal of linezolid, a new oxazolidinone antibiotic, by renal replacement therapy in patients with acute renal failure. Design:Prospective, single-dose pharmacokinetic study. Setting:Renal intensive care unit of a tertiary university hospital. Patients:Fifteen critically ill patients with oliguric acute renal failure on renal replacement therapy (seven males, mean age 72.3 yrs, range 60–94; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score 24.9, range 18–36; mechanical ventilation ten of 15). Interventions:All patients received 600 mg of intravenous linezolid before starting renal replacement therapy, which consisted of intermittent hemodialysis lasting 3–4 hrs in eight patients, sustained low-efficiency dialysis lasting 8 hrs in five patients, and continuous venovenous hemofiltration lasting 10.5–12 hrs in two patients. Measurements and Main Results:Linezolid concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods on serum and dialysate/ultrafiltrate samples. At the start of renal replacement therapy, serum levels averaged 11.91 mg/L (range 5.49–21.52) and dropped at the end to levels <4 mg/dL (90% minimum inhibitory concentration values for Staphylococcus aureus) in three of eight patients on hemodialysis, three of five patients on sustained low-efficiency dialysis, and two of two patients on continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Mean removal of the drug was 193.7 mg with hemodialysis (32.3% of the dose administered), 205 mg with sustained low-efficiency dialysis (33.9%), and 74.8 mg (12.4%) and 105 (17.5%) mg following a continuous venovenous hemofiltration session lasting 10.5 and 12 hrs, respectively. Conclusions:In patients with acute renal failure, serum levels of linezolid can be reduced to the subtherapeutic range following renal replacement therapy.
Enforcing data consistency in data integration systems by XQuery trigger service

Purpose – Extensible Markup Language (XML)‐based data integration systems (DIS) aim to support global updates. Data consistency among data sources is not yet enforced at the integration level or enforced in an ad hoc manner which leads to redundant checking of consistency or unrepairable mistakes. This paper aims to provide XQuery trigger service to enforce data integrity and data consistency in the DIS at the integration level.Design/methodology/approach – Data consistency is enforced among data sources through providing XQuery trigger service for the XML‐DIS. An XQuery trigger model is defined and shown how to use this model to define different integrity constraints and triggers at the integration level. The paper proposes the architecture of the XQuery trigger service and shows how to enforce data consistency in the DIS. Important components including event detection, condition evaluation and action firing are discussed. Necessary algorithms including how to produce ChangeRecord, how to find activated .
Monoclonal antibody PHF‐1 recognizes tau protein phosphorylated at serine residues 396 and 404

The microtubule‐associated protein τ is hyperphosphorylated in the paired helical filaments (PHFs) of Alzheimer's disease. Immunological and direct chemical studies have identified Ser396 and Ser404 as two of the phosphorylated sites. Previously, we have demonstrated, using synthetic τ peptides containing phosphorylated Ser396, that this site is recognized by the monoclonal antibody PHF‐1. The present sudy extends this observation by showing that PHF‐1 recognizes τ peptides containing either individually phosphorylated Ser396 or Ser404, but that there is a >10‐fold increase in the sensitivity of detection of τ peptides by PHF‐1 when both serines are phosphorylated. The recognition of singly or doubly phosphorylated Ser396 and Ser404 in τ by PHF‐1 can also be demonstrated in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with full‐length wild‐type τ constructs or mutant constructs with Ala substituted for Ser396 or Ser404. We conclude that the PHF‐1 epitope contains both phosphorylated Ser396 and Ser404. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.