Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explanation of the Effect of Magnetic Field on laser Intensity on the Basic of Generalized Special Relativity

Laser technology recently becomes one of the widespread technologies in many applications. This attracts attention to generation of laser and the mechanisms affecting this generation. One of the recent developments in lasing is the so-called free-electron laser (FEL) which is based on special relativity (SR). FEL shows that lasing intensity is affected by a magnetic field. However, the theoretical framework of this effect is complex and cannot explain the effect of the magnetic field on lasers produced by materials. These setbacks motivate to search for a new model based on generalized special relativity to account for these theoretical defects. In this work, the generalized special relativity accounts for the effect of magnetic fields on laser intensity produced by matter theoretically. These theoretical relations agree with the empirical ones for plasma, discharge gas and semiconductor lasers.
Effect of various doses of cinnamon on blood glucose in diabetic individuals

The effect of cinnamon doses on blood serum glucose was studied in type 2 diabetic individuals for 60 days. Sixty type 2 diabetic individuals of both sexes and of age 48±6.5 years were divided into 6 groups; each group was having 10 individuals. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were assigned for 1g, 3g and 6g cinnamon doses/day respectively. Groups 4, 5 and 6 were assigned for 1g, 3g and 6g placebo doses/day respectively. The doses were equally distributed over the day. Cinnamon and placebo were given in the form of capsules with breakfast, lunch and dinner. The doses were given for 40 days and after 40 days; there was a 20 days blank period. Fasting blood samples were taken on days 0 (starting day of the experiment) 20, 40 and 60 and blood serums were separated. The blood serum glucose of both the cinnamon and placebo groups were determined. The mean fasting serum glucose levels for cinnamon doses on days 0, 20, 40 and 60 were 208.7, 189.1, 156.5 and 176.6 mg/dl for 1 g cinnamon dose/day; 206.2, 178.4, 170.3 and 177.8 mg/dl for 3g cinnamon dose/day and 233.9, 183.2, 166.4 and 205.7 mg/dl for 6 g cinnamon dose/day respectively. The cinnamon doses significantly (P<0.05) reduced the mean fasting serum glucose levels while the placebo doses did not affect the serum glucose levels. In the light of this research, it is recommended that Type 2 diabetic individuals should use 1-3g cinnamon in their food preparations on regular basis. They can use cinnamon shakers for sprinkling of cinnamon powder on the curry in the plate. They can prepare cinnamon tea without sugar and can use it after meals. Also they can chew cinnamon bark after meals. This will keep their sugar level near to normal values.
Assessing the ecological soundness of organic and conventional agriculture by means of life cycle assessment (LCA)

Purpose – Sustainable agriculture implies the ability of agro‐ecosystems to remain productive in the long‐term. It is not easy to point out unambiguously whether or not current production systems meet this sustainability demand. A priori thinking would suggest that organic crops are environmentally favourable, but may ignore the effect of reduced productivity, which shifts the potential impact to other parts of the food provision system. The purpose of this paper is to assess the ecological sustainability of conventional and organic leek production by means of life cycle assessment (LCA). Design/methodology/approach – A cradle‐to‐farm gate LCA is applied, based on real farm data from two research centres. For a consistent comparison, two functional units (FU) were defined: 1ha and 1 kg of leek production.Findings – Assessed on an area basis, organic farming shows a more favourable environmental profile. These overall benefits are strongly reduced when the lower yields are taken into account. Related to org.
Micro-Tom mutants for functional analysis of target genes and discovery of new alleles in tomato

Complete List of Authors: Rothan, Christophe; INRA-University of Bordeaux, UMR1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology Baldet, Pi rre; INRA, UMR 1332 BFP Lemaire-Chamley, martine; INRA, UMR 1332 BFP Assali, Julien; INRA, UMR 1332 BFP Jorly, Joana; INRA, UMR 1332 BFP Petit, Johann; INRA, UMR 1332 BFP Mauxion, Jean-Philippe; INRA, UMR 1332 BFP Fernandez, lucie; INRA, UMR 1332 BFP Bournonville, Celine; INRA, UMR 1332 BFP Garcia, Virginie; INRA, UMR 1332 BFP Bres, Cecile; INRA, UMR 1332 BFP Just, Daniel; INRA, UMR 1332 BFP Ferrand, Carine; INRA, UMR 1332 BFP Ezura, Hiroshi; University of Tsukuba, Gene Research Center Okabe, Yoshihiro; University of Tsukuba, Gene Research Center Ariizumi, Tohru; University of Tsukuba, Gene Research Center Asamizu, Erika; University of Tsukuba, Gene Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Mori, Kentaro; University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba, Gene Research Center
Coalescence, torus formation and breakup of sedimenting drops: experiments and computer simulations

The motion and shape evolution of viscous drops made from a dilute suspension of tiny, spherical glass beads sedimenting in an otherwise quiescent liquid is investigated both experimentally and theoretically for conditions of low Reynolds number. In the (presumed) absence of any significant interfacial tension, the Bond number [Bscr ] = (Δρ)gR2/σ is effectively infinite. The key stages of deformation of single drops and pairs of interacting drops are identified. Of particular interest are (i) the coalescence of two trailing drops, (ii) the subsequent formation of a torus, and (iii) the breakup of the torus into two or more droplets in a repeating cascade. To overcome limitations of the boundary-integral method in tracking highly deformed interfaces and coalescing and dividing drops, we develop a formal analogy between drops of homogeneous liquid and a dilute, uniformly distributed swarm of sedimenting particles, for which only the 1/r far-field hydrodynamic interactions are important. Simple, robust numerical simulations using only swarms of Stokeslets reproduce the main phenomena observed in the classical experiments and in our flow-visualization studies. Detailed particle image velocimetry (PIV) for axisymmetric configurations enable a mechanistic analysis and confirm the theoretical results. We expose the crucial importance of the initial condition – why a single spherical drop does not deform substantially, but a pair of spherical drops, or a bell-shaped drop similar to what is actually formed in the laboratory, does undergo the torus/breakup transformation. The extreme sensitivity of the streamlines to the shape of the ring-like swarm explains why the ring that initially forms in the experiments does not behave like the slender open torus analysed asymptotically by Kojima, Hinch & Acrivos (1984). Essentially all of the phenomena described above can be explained within the realm of Stokes flow, without resort to interfacial tension or inertial effects.
Difference-Seeking Generative Adversarial Network

We propose a novel algorithm, Difference-Seeking Generative Adversarial Network (DSGAN), developed from traditional GAN. DSGAN considers the scenario that the training samples of target distribution, pt, are difficult to collect. Suppose there are two distributions pd̄ and pd such that the density of the target distribution can be the differences between the densities of pd̄ and pd. We show how to learn the target distribution pt only via samples from pd and pd̄ (relatively easy to obtain). DSGAN has the flexibility to produce samples from various target distributions (e.g. the out-of-distribution). Two key applications, semi-supervised learning and adversarial training, are taken as examples to validate the effectiveness of DSGAN. We also provide theoretical analyses about the convergence of DSGAN.
Turbulent nitrate fluxes in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada

Turbulent vertical nitrate fluxes were calculated using new turbulent microstructure observations in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE), Canada. Two stations were compared: the head of the Laurentian Channel (HLC), where intense mixing occurs on the shallow sill that marks the upstream limit of the LSLE, and another station located about 100 km downstream (St. 23), more representative of the LSLE mean mixing conditions. Mean turbulent diffusivities and nitrate fluxes at the base of the surface layer for both stations were, respectively (with 95% confidence intervals): K¯HLC = 8.6(3.2,19) × 10−3 m2 s−1,K¯23 = 4.4(2.3,7.6) × 10−5 m2 s−1,F¯HLC = 95(18,300) mmol m−2 d−1, and F¯23 = 0.21(0.12,0.33) mmol m−2 d−1. Observations suggest that the interplay between large isopleth heaving near the sill and strong turbulence is the key mechanism to sustain such high turbulent nitrate fluxes at the HLC (two to three orders of magnitude higher than those at Station 23). Calculations also suggest that nitrate fluxes at the HLC alone can sustain primary production rates of 3.4(0.6,11) g C m−2 mo−1 over the whole LSLE, approximately enough to account for a large part of the phytoplankton bloom and for most of the postbloom production. Surfacing nitrates are also believed to be consumed within the LSLE, not leaving much to be exported to the rest of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
reoperative Shower Revisited : Can High Topical ntiseptic Levels Be Achieved on the Skin Surface efore Surgical Admission ?

BACKGROUND: Skin asepsis is a sentinel strategy for reducing risk of surgical site infections. In this study, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) skin concentrations were determined after preoperative showering/skin cleansing using 4% CHG soap or 2% CHG-impregnated polyester cloth. STUDY DESIGN: Subjects were randomized to one of three shower (4% soap)/skin cleansing (2% cloth) groups (n 20 per group): (group 1 A/B) evening, (group 2 A/B) morning, or (group 3 A/B) evening and morning. After showering or skin cleansing, volunteers returned to the investigator’s laboratory where CHG skin surface concentrations were determined at five separate skin sites. CHG concentrations were compared with CHG minimal inhibitory concentration that inhibits 90% (MIC90) of staphylococcal skin isolates. RESULTS: CHG MIC90 for 61 skin isolates was 4.8 parts per million (ppm). In group 1A, 4% CHG skin concentrations ranged from 17.2 to 31.6 ppm, and CHG concentrations were 361.5 to 589.5 ppm (p 0.0001) in group 1B (2%). In group 2A (4%), CHG levels ranged from 51.6 to 119.6 ppm and 848.1 to 1,049.6 ppm in group 2B (2%), respectively (p 0.0001). CHG levels ranged from 101.4 to 149.4 ppm in the 4% CHG group (group 3A) compared with 1,484.6 to 2,031.3 ppm in 2% CHG cloth (group 3B) group (p 0.0001). Effective CHG levels were not detected in the 4% CHG group in selected sites in seven (35%) subjects in group 1A, three (15%) in group 2A, and five (25%) in group 3A. CONCLUSIONS: Effective CHG levels were achieved on most skin sites after using 4% CHG; gaps in antiseptic coverage were noted at selective sites even after repeated application. Use of the 2% CHG polyester cloth resulted in considerably higher skin concentrations with no gaps in antiseptic coverage. Effective decolonization of the skin before hospital admission can play an important role in reducing risk of surgical site infections. ( J Am Coll Surg 2008;207:233–239. © 2008 by the American College of Surgeons)
Use of Ultrasound Measurements to Predict Carcass Characteristics of Egyptian Ram-Lambs

Four ultrasound measurements were used to establish prediction equations to predict weight of carcass components of forty five Egyptian ram-lambs at 12 months of age. The measurements were depth, width, area of eye muscle (Longissimus dorsi) and thickness of fat covering at the 12th and 13th ribs area. Data were analysed by least squares procedure of General Linear Model (GLM) using SAS statistical package (SAS, 2004) and simple correlation coefficients and prediction equations were calculated. Correlation coefficients between ultrasound and carcass Longissimus dorsi muscle area were positive and significant in Barki (0.55) and Rahmani (0.83) ram-lambs. Body weight contributed 66% of the variation in total trimmed meat weight of Egyptian ram-lambs. Whereas, ultrasound Longissimus dorsi muscle area came next and scored a partial determination of 16% increasing the model’s R2 to 82%. The obtained results clearly indicate that ultrasound measurements could be used for accurate prediction of carcass components in Egyptian ram-lambs.
Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions and design of mitigation options: a whole farm approach based on farm management data and mechanistic models

Agricultural activities are important sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). In the European Union, the agricultural sector contributes approximately 10% of the total emitted greenhouse gases (GhG). We search for evaluating GhG emissions at the farm level and designing mitigation options from a biotechnical point of view. As GhG emissions occur at several stages within the farm operation, it is essential to combine nutrient cycling and farm working through an integrated farm approach to reach a full accounting of processes. Our proposal comprises the following characteristics: - Our whole farm approach (FarmSim) combines empirical and mechanistic modelling through describing of above and below ground C and N fluxes; with respect to GhG, emissions can be also calculated with emissions factors, comparable to the IPCC methodology when no model is available yet as for manure management for instance. - Rebuilding farmers' practices description from available data (on farm and through farms'network databases) needs to choose a level of information to translate real situations to generic ones. It requires thus to choose a set of farm components and compatible spatio-temporal scales in respect with the data needed by the models. - At the moment, we coupled tow models allowing to quantify the emissions of the different lend uses (in our case PaSim, a grassland ecosystem model and CERES-EGC, a crop model). - The system boundaries are limited to the farm gate, or may include pre- and post-chain effects according to more and less high inputs and the difficulty to forecast produce fate if databases are available. - Building plausible scenarios requires to control a set farm operation coherences to account for stranding mitigation options. In a first step, we used a case study formalized by the French Livestock Institute (IE) and some farm working data from an experimental dairy farm belonging to the French Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), both located in semi-continental conditions (Mirecourt-North-Eastern France). The simulated farming system is a mixed dairy and crops system so as to account for a rather generic farming system.
Apophysomyces elegans causing Rhino-orbito

We describe here is a recent case of mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans in a 60 year old female from South Bengal with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus for two years. She presented with massive orbital oedema and pain in the periorbital area with proptosis of the right eye. Deep tissue obtained by endoscopic sinus sampling from the right middle meatus grew Apophysomyces elegans. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology which showed aseptate broad hyphae. Computed tomography scan showed right sided pan-sinusitis involving the right maxillary, ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid sinuses with an antrochoanal polyp and right retro orbital involvement of soft tissue. She required eye exenteration and extensive surgical debridement in addition to intravenous amphotericin B and antidiabetic drugs. She responded to the treatment.
Towards the Unification of Quantum Dynamics, Relativity and Living Organisms

The unexploited unification of quantum physics, general relativity and biology is a keystone that paves the way towards a better understanding of the whole of Nature. Here we propose a mathematical approach that introduces the problem in terms of group theory. We build a cyclic groupoid (a nonempty set with a binary operation defined on it) that encompasses the three frameworks as subsets, representing two of their most dissimilar experimental results, i.e., 1) the commutativity detectable both in our macroscopic relativistic world and in biology; 2) and the noncommutativity detectable both in the microscopic quantum world and in biology. This approach leads to a mathematical framework useful in the investigation of the three apparently irreconcilable realms. Also, we show how cyclic groupoids encompassing quantum mechanics, relativity theory and biology might be equipped with dynamics that can be described by paths on the twisted cylinder of a Möbius strip.
Potential Enhancing Effects of a Carbohydrase Mixture on Phytase Efficacy in Late-Phase Laying Hens Fed Wheat-Based Diets

A total of 360 65-week-old Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens were used in a six-week experiment to examine the potential enhancing effects of a commercial carbohydrase preparation on phytase efficacy. Two cultivars of wheat (Marvdasht and Sardari) were used to formulate basal diets containing 2.2 g or 2.9 g non-phytate phosphorus (NPP)/kg levels. A further eight dietary treatments were formulated by supplementing these diets with a commercial source of phytase individually or together with a carbohydrase preparation, resulting in 12 dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. The production performance and egg quality traits were not affected by treatments. Birds receiving a diet with Marvdasht cultivar and 2.2 g NPP/kg exhibited the highest serum concentration of thyroxine. The lymphocyte and eosinophil counts increased and the heterophil counts and the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes decreased in birds receiving phytase supplementation compared with those receiving phytase and carbohydrase simultaneously. According to the results, the supplementation of wheat-based diets with enzymes in the late phase of egg production does not affect productive performance of laying hens. However, enzymes may have special effects on bird health. Keywords: Cereal, Performance, Phosphorus, Triticum Cultivars, Wheat Cultivar, Xylanase
The most favourable mobile messaging appsamong IIUM students

Mobile messaging applications is rapid adopted globally. They allow mobile users to send messages to individuals or groups for very minimal fee, even some are totally free as long as the smartphones are connected to internet. WhatsApp is one of the top mobile messaging applications among a handful number of applications that have entered the market. The goal of this paper is to investigate the most favourable mobile messaging apps among IIUM students and to provide a feature comparison between a few selected mobile messaging applications. Despite the obvious of being a free application, this paper intends to investigate the other factors causing the widespread adoption of this mobile application especially among students. An online survey was distributed to 52 students from IIUM by using Google Docs to validate which mobile messaging applications are mostly used. Keywords: Mobile messaging apps, mobile instant messaging, smartphones, SMS, WhatsApp, features, IIUM
Practice guidelines for Sanger Sequencing Analysis and Interpretation.

1. Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AD, UK. 2. Yorkshire Regional DNA Laboratory, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK. 3. Guy's & St Thomas's Hospital NHS Trust, Genetics Centre, 8th Floor, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK 4. Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Crown Street, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK. 5. Genomics Facility, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine & Leeds Teaching Hospitals, 6.2 Clinical Sciences Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. 6. Regional Genetic Service, St Marys Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester, M13 0JH, UK.
Bayesian removal estimation of a population size under unequal catchability

We introduce a Bayesian probability model for the estimation of the size of an animal population from re- moval data. The model is based on the assumption that in the removal sampling, catchability may vary between indi- viduals, which appears to be necessary for a realistic description of many biological populations. Heterogeneous catchability among individuals leads to a situation where the mean catchability in the population gradually decreases as the number of removals increases. Under this assumption, the model can be fitted to any removal data, i.e., there are no limitations regarding the total catch, the number of removals, or the decline of the catch. Using a published data set from removal experiments of a known population size, the model is shown to be able to estimate the population size appropriately in all cases considered. It is also shown that regardless of the statistical approach, a model that assumes equal catchability of individuals generally leads to an underestimation of the population. The example indicates that if there is only vague prior information about the variation of catchability among individuals, a very high number of suc- cessive removals may be needed to correctly estimate the population size. Resume : Nous utilisons un modele de probabilite bayesien pour estimer la taille d'une population animale a partir de donnees de retrait. Le modele se base sur la presupposition que, dans un echantillonnage par retraits, la capturabilite peut varier d'un individu a un autre, ce qui semble necessaire pour decrire de facon realiste de nombreuses populations biologiques. Une capturabilite individuelle heterogene engendre une situation dans laquelle la capturabilite moyenne de la population decroit graduellement a mesure que le nombre de retraits augmente. Avec cette presupposition, le modele s'ajuste a n'importe quelle serie de donnees de retrait; il n'y a donc pas de limites en ce qui a trait a la capture totale, au nombre de retraits ou au declin de la recolte. L'utilisation de donnees de retrait publiees obtenues sur une popula- tion de taille connue montre que le modele est capable d'estimer la taille de la population de facon adequate dans tous les cas etudies. De plus, independamment de l'approche statistique utilisee, un modele qui presuppose une capturabilite individuelle uniforme sous-estime la population. L'exemple montre que, s'il n'existe que des informations prealables vagues sur la capturabilite individuelle, il faudra peut-etre un nombre tres eleve de retraits successifs pour pouvoir estimer correctement la taille de la population. (Traduit par la Redaction) Mantyniemi et al. 300
Outcomes of Survey on the Public Attitudes toward Autism in Hanoi , Vietnam

Introduction: Children autism spectrum disorder have been treated as discriminated and stigmatized in many countries. Aim: The purpose of this study is to assesspublic attitudes among Hanoi citizen toward autism spectrum disorder. Materials and Methods: A cross – sectional survey of a total of 640 people aged 20 to 65 years old in Hanoi from September 2017 to December 2017. A 20 item – questionnaire was developed according to the criterial of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Five Edition (DSM-V), and literature studies on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and was adapted to Vietnamese culture by experienced psychologists. Results: The findings showed thatmore than 65 percent of people had the correct attitude about autism in children in the total of 640 interviewed people. There were some negative conception toward ASD such as poor parenting, stigma, and exclusion from mainstream schools. Conclusion: Approximately one-third of the respondents had an incorrect attitude about autism. In order to increase the inclusion of autistic children, knowledge and skills should be provided to caregivers and preschool teachers in terms of care and education services for children with autism, especially early interventions and community-based programs on autism spectrum disorder.