Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPECIFIC SPECULATIVE TYPE OF INVESTMENT

The link between social learning and investment is increasingly recognized. Intuitively, entrepreneurs might have an incentive to follow the behaviour of others because early investment is perceived to signal high profitability. But this does not explain the behaviour of early investors, who must invest before the profitability of new investment opportunities has been tested. One strand in the literature looks at how informational externalities influence the option value of delay and shows the irreversible investment opportunities can remain unexploited. In explaining why unambiguously profitable investment opportunities remain un exploited, this conventional view emphasizes the strategic substitutability of investments, the dominant effect of the downside risk associated with investment opportunities, and the negative effect of uncertainty on the incentive to invest.
Real World Endo : Design Features of Rotary Files and How They Affect Clinical Performance

T he last 10 years have been witness to phenomenal growth in endodontic technology. The introduction of these new technologies has resulted in Endodontics becoming easier, faster, and, most importantly, better. Principle among these is nickel titanium rotary instrumentation that results in consistent, predictable, and reproducible shaping. This predictability of shaping has not only influenced instrumentation but obturation results as well.
Ontogeny and innervation patterns of dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurons in larval zebrafish

We report the development of aminergic neurons from 0–10 days postfertilization (dpf) in zebrafish (Danio rerio). This study was prompted by the lack of information regarding patterns of spinal aminergic innervation at early stages, when the fish are accessible to optical, genetic, and electrophysiological approaches toward understanding neural circuit function. Our findings suggest that aminergic populations with descending processes are among the first to appear during development. Descending aminergic fibers, revealed by antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT), innervate primarily the ventral (TH, 5‐HT), but also the dorsal (5‐HT) aspects of the spinal cord by 4 dpf, with the extent of innervation not changing markedly up to 10 dpf. By tracking the spatiotemporal expression of TH, 5‐HT, and dopamine beta hydroxylase reactivity, we determined that these fibers likely originate from neurons in the posterior tuberculum (dopamine), the raphe region (5‐HT) and, possibly, the locus coeruleus (noradrenaline). In addition, spinal neurons positive for 5‐HT emerge between 1–2 dpf, with processes that appeared to descend along the ventrolateral cord for only 1–2 muscle segments. Their overall morphology distinguished these cells from previously described “VeMe” (ventromedial) interneurons, which are also located ventromedially, but have long, multisegmental descending processes. We confirmed the distinction between spinal serotonergic and VeMe interneurons using fish genetically labeled with green fluorescent protein. Our results suggest that the major aminergic systems described in adults are in place shortly after hatching, at a time when zebrafish are accessible to a battery of techniques to test neuronal function during behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 480:38–56, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
COMPORTAMENTO ESTRATÈGICO EM PEQUENAS E MÈDIAS EMPRESAS – UM ESTUDO MULTI-CASOS EM POUSADAS NA LAGOA DA CONCEIÇÃO – FLORIANÓPOLIS – S.C.

Esse artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o comportamento estrategico de pequenas e medias empresas focalizando as categorias estrategicas, a estrategia generica e o processo de elaboracao de estrategias, em pousadas existentes a mais de dez anos na cidade de Florianopolis, no bairro da Lagoa da Conceicao, Estado de Santa Catarina. A metodologia deste artigo privilegia os procedimentos qualitativos, utilizando estudo multi-casos. Como tecnica de coleta de dados foram aplicadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e a analise ocorreu por meio da analise de conteudo. Os resultados encontrados enfatizam uma tendencia dos empreendimentos em adotar comportamento estrategico analitico, estrategia generica de diferenciacao e processo de elaboracao predominantemente adaptativo. Por fim, este estudo colaborou com os trabalhos de Hoffman (2002) e Rossetto e Rossetto (2001) uma vez que procurou tracar uma relacao entre o ciclo de vida das empresas e comportamentos estrategicos.
Designing intimate experiences

INTRODUCTION Communication and computing technology is advancing at an accelerated pace. Humans are finding it difficult to keep pace with these changes, and yet these new technologies are supposedly made for the benefit of people. Established in 1998, the Human Communication Technology (HCT) Research Laboratory researches a number of key issues which put people “back in the loop” and allow us to communicate experiences to computer systems and each other more effectively. An awareness of people’s different cognitive, physical and emotional capabilities provides a foundation for acquiring, analyzing, representing, storing, retrieving, transmitting, communicating and ultimately synthesizing human experience. Faster processing machines, bigger data capacity, new algorithms, multimedia and multimodal systems combine with developments in psychology, sociology and art to enhance the communication abilities between people and machines.
Comparative Hourly Scheduling of Centralized and Distributed Storage in Day-Ahead Markets

Electric energy storage (EES) installations in power systems are migrating from large centralized systems to more distributed installations for microgrid applications. This trend signifies modular EES installations for the local control of buildings and processes. A centralized EES system is often dispatched by grid operators for increasing the overall efficiency and enhancing the security of power systems. The distributed EES (DEES) is locally managed by aggregators to maximize the local impact of EES, before the aggregators' adjusted load profiles are submitted to grid operators for the day-ahead scheduling. In this paper, we present and analyze two models for the hourly scheduling of centralized and distributed EES systems in day-ahead electricity markets. The proposed models take into account specific characteristics and intertemporal constraints of EES systems in transmission-constrained power systems. The proposed models are applied to a 6-bus system and the IEEE-RTS, and the results are presented to compare impacts of utilizing the two EES models on system operations and quantify operation benefits of EES in power systems.
Pulmonary function and cardiopulmonary bypass.

In adults and children, we measured airway resistance, compliance, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (100% oxygen), and dead space:tidal volume ratio early and late in anesthesia. Operations performed included cardiac bypass, and thoracic, abdominal, and surface procedures. Airway resistance increased when the pleura was opened. However, with intact pleurae even cardiopulmonary bypass had no effect on pulmonary performance. The deleterious effects of pleurotomy were alleviated by humidification of the inspired-gas mixture, and, during cardiopulmonary bypass, by providing intermittent deep breaths. We concluded that pleurotomy impairs pulmonary function primarily through retraction of the lungs and through retainment of secretions.
Prolonged Opioid Antagonism with Naloxone in Chronic Renal Failure

Respiratory depression secondary to morphine intoxication occurred in an elderly patient with chronic renal failure (CRF). It was reversed with a continuous infusion of naloxone. Approximately 11 hours after the infusion was discontinued, the patient relapsed into respiratory depression consistent with opioid intoxication. He was rechallenged with a naloxone infusion with resolution of the opioid effects. This case suggests prolonged antagonism of opioid effects inconsistent with naloxone's reported pharmacologic effects. Serum naloxone concentrations measured after the end of the infusion suggest that the drug's pharmacokinetics were significantly altered. Further research is necessary to characterize pharmacokinetic changes that occur in CRF. In the absence of this information, similar patients should be closely monitored for relapse of respiratory depression after naloxone is discontinued.
Industrial epidemics, public health advocacy and the alcohol industry: lessons from other fields.

Research on alcohol policies has now made it possible to grade strategies and interventions in terms of their effectiveness in controlling excessive alcohol use as well as alcohol-related problems [1–3]. The evidence suggests that there are a variety of effective strategies from which policy-makers can choose. Unfortunately, many popular strategies, such as designated driver programs, tend to be ineffective, and the more effective strategies, such as alcohol taxes, tend to be unpopular [4]. In persuading policy-makers to consider effective but unpopular alcohol policies, it might be instructive to frame the issue in terms of what we refer to here as ‘industrial epidemics’. This framing may be contrasted with more traditional approaches, which in the past have portrayed alcohol problems as the consequence of a moral failing, or as a chronic disease engendered by genetic, psychological and environmental causes. As this editorial will suggest, the notion of an industrial epidemic invites the application of public health concepts and shifts the policy focus from the ‘agent’ (i.e. alcohol) or the ‘host’ (e.g. the problem drinker) to the ‘disease vector’ (i.e. the alcohol industry and its associates), which in many ways is responsible for the exposure of vulnerable populations to the risks of alcohol.
spliceosome as revealed by dcFCCS Prp 2-mediated protein rearrangements at the catalytic core of the Material Supplemental

The compositional and conformational changes during catalytic activation of the spliceosome promoted by the DEAH box ATPase Prp2 are only poorly understood. Here, we show by dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (dcFCCS) that the binding affinity of several proteins is significantly changed during the Prp2-mediated transition of precatalytic B spliceosomes to catalytically activated B* spliceosomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. During this step, several proteins, including the zinc-finger protein Cwc24, are quantitatively displaced from the B* complex. Consistent with this, we show that Cwc24 is required for step 1 but not for catalysis per se. The U2-associated SF3a and SF3b proteins Prp11 and Cus1 remain bound to the B* spliceosome under near-physiological conditions, but their binding is reduced at high salt. Conversely, high-affinity binding sites are created for Yju2 and Cwc25 during catalytic activation, consistent with their requirement for step 1 catalysis. Our results suggest high cooperativity of multiple Prp2-mediated structural rearrangements at the spliceosome’s catalytic core. Moreover, dcFCCS represents a powerful tool ideally suited to study quantitatively spliceosomal protein dynamics in equilibrium.
Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Contribute to Hepatic Antigen-Presenting Cell Function and Th17 Expansion in Cirrhosis

Hepatic immune function is compromised during cirrhosis. This study investigated the immune features of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in two experimental models of cirrhosis. Dendritic cells, hepatic macrophages, and LSECs were isolated from carbon tetrachloride and bile duct-ligated rats. Gene expression of innate receptors, bacterial internalization, co-stimulatory molecules induction, and CD4+ T cell activation and differentiation were evaluated. Induced bacterial peritonitis and norfloxacin protocols on cirrhotic rats were also carried out. LSECs demonstrated an active immunosurveillance profile, as shown by transcriptional modulation of different scavenger and cell-adhesion genes, and their contribution to bacterial internalization. LSECs significantly increased their expression of CD40 and CD80 and stimulated CD4+ T cell activation marker CD71 in both models. The pro-inflammatory Th17 subset was expanded in CCl4-derived LSECs co-cultures. In the bile duct ligation (BDL) model, CD4+ T cell differentiation only occurred under induced bacterial peritonitis conditions. Differentiated pro-inflammatory Th cells by LSECs in both experimental models were significantly reduced with norfloxacin treatment, whereas Foxp3 tolerogenic Th CD4+ cells were expanded. Conclusion: LSECs’ participation in the innate-adaptive immune progression, their ability to stimulate pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cells expansion during liver damage, and their target role in norfloxacin-induced immunomodulation granted a specific competence to this cell population in cirrhosis.
Coblation for epistaxis management in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: a multicentre case series

Abstract Objective: To propose radiofrequency coblation as a potential treatment modality for mild to moderate epistaxis in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Method: Case reports and review of the world literature concerning coblation and other treatment modalities for epistaxis in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Results: Effective epistaxis control was achieved in four out of five cases of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. In the fifth case, we struggled to achieve haemostasis due to disease severity. Conclusion: Radiofrequency coblation is a novel technique, which was found to be a safe, effective, quick and well tolerated treatment option for epistaxis management in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Who Sees Human?

Anthropomorphism is a far-reaching phenomenon that incorporates ideas from social psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and the neurosciences. Although commonly considered to be a relatively universal phenomenon with only limited importance in modern industrialized societies—more cute than critical—our research suggests precisely the opposite. In particular, we provide a measure of stable individual differences in anthropomorphism that predicts three important consequences for everyday life. This research demonstrates that individual differences in anthropomorphism predict the degree of moral care and concern afforded to an agent, the amount of responsibility and trust placed on an agent, and the extent to which an agent serves as a source of social influence on the self. These consequences have implications for disciplines outside of psychology including human–computer interaction, business (marketing and finance), and law. Concluding discussion addresses how understanding anthropomorphism not only informs the burgeoning study of nonpersons, but how it informs classic issues underlying person perception as well.
Homozygous deletion of an EGR2 enhancer in congenital amyelinating neuropathy

The transcription factor EGR2 is expressed in Schwann cells, where it controls peripheral nerve myelination. Mutations of EGR2 have been found in patients with congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy or Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1D. In a patient with congenital amyelinating neuropathy, we observed pathological abnormalities recapitulating the peripheral nervous system phenotype of homozygous Egr2‐null mice. This patient, born from consanguineous parents, showed no EGR2 immunoreactivity in Schwann cells and harbored a homozygous 10.7‐kilobase‐long deletion encompassing a myelin‐specific enhancer of EGR2. This regulatory mutation is the first genetic abnormality associated with congenital amyelinating neuropathy in humans. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Baby CROINC: an online, crowd-based, expert-curated system for monitoring child development

Baby CROINC (CROwd INtelligence Curation) is an online early-childhood development tracker designed to be both personalized and objective. To meet these goals, we rely on Curated Crowd Intelligence (CCI), a process in which experts curate personalized inputs to connect with the crowd's aggregate data, providing parents with objective and personalized feedback on their children's development. In this paper, we describe Baby CROINC's design, with a focus on CCI, and assess the extent to which it meets its design goals of objectivity and personalization. In Baby CROINC, parents create a diary by adding developmental milestones to a timeline. Visual statistics are presented per milestone. Expert curators clarify, merge, and classify milestones which are new to the system. Diary personalization was evident through users' rich and diverse milestone choices, and by the continuous system increase in new canonical developmental concepts. Findings demonstrate the objectivity of the crowd-based percentiles extracted from Baby CROINC, based on consistency of developmental differences in preterm vs. fullterm and boys vs. girls with established research, and the correlation between medians reported in our system and those appearing on the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Milestones webpage.1 CCI led to a dramatic increase in users' ability to view crowd-based statistics, indicating that CCI is critical for enabling objectivity while maintaining personalization.
Caracterización clínico- epidemiológica del pterigium primario. Área de salud andrés eloy blanco, Venezuela

Introduccion: entre las enfermedades que limitan el perfecto funcionamiento del sistema visual se encuentra el pterigium que ya, desde epocas historicas remotas como la de los textos hipocraticos, aparece descrito como la invasion conjuntival de la cornea. Objetivo: caracterizar clinica y epidemiologicamente a los pacientes con pterigium primario en el area de salud Andres Eloy Blanco. Material y metodos : se realizo un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en el municipio Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela, en el periodo de septiembre a diciembre de 2007. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por los 1 580 pacientes pesquisados con la enfermedad y la muestra por 320 pacientes despues de aplicados los criterios de inclusion y exclusion. Se analizaron las variables edad, sexo, color de la piel, ocupacion, sintomas, ojo afectado, localizacion y grado de la lesion. Resultados: se encontro la mayor frecuencia de pacientes entre 30 y 39 anos (29,69%), del sexo masculino (55,31%), color de piel mestiza (77,5%) y con ocupacion de riesgo (77,19%). Predominaron los casos sintomaticos (87,19%), mayor afectacion del ojo derecho (50,0%), localizacion nasal (67,29%) y la lesion grado I (60,05%). El grupo de edades comprendido entre 30 y 49 anos fue el mas afectado. Conclusiones: predominaron el sexo masculino, la piel mestiza, las ocupaciones consideradas de riesgo, el pterigium sintomatico, los sintomas de enrojecimiento, sensacion de cuerpo extrano y ardor, la afectacion unilateral, del ojo derecho y la localizacion nasal. El grado I fue el mas encontrado, seguido de los grados II y III. Palabras clave: pterigion primario, caracterizacion clinica-epidemiologica, area de salud.
JUST THE FACTS: MAMMOGRAPHY SAVES LIVES WITH LITTLE IF ANY RADIATION RISK TO THE MATURE BREAST

Mammography screening is one of the major medical advances of the past several decades. Prior to 1990, the death rate from breast cancer had been unchanged in 50 y. Mammography screening began on a national scale in the middle of the 1980s and, as would be expected, the death rate from breast cancer began to drop in 1990. Since 1990, the death rate from breast cancer has decreased by 30%. Studies in the Netherlands and Sweden, using direct measurements in the general population, show that most of the decrease is due to mammography screening beginning at the age of 40 y, with a small component due to improved therapies (therapy is more effective when cancers are small and earlier stage). A major concern raised in the 1970s was that the radiation from mammography might cause more cancers than would be cured. Not only did this prove to be a huge overestimate, but it has become clear that it is radiation delivered to very young women (teenagers and women in their early twenties), before terminal differentiation has taken place, that presents the greatest risk. Once the breast has differentiated, the risk from radiation is markedly reduced. By the time women reach their late thirties and early forties, there is no measurable risk from mammographic doses, and even the extrapolated risk is far below even the smallest benefit from screening. Hundreds of millions of mammograms have been obtained since the 1980s. If mammography were causing cancers, the incidence of breast cancer would be increasing. In fact, it is decreasing. Women need to be provided with this information to be reassured that mammograms save lives and that the radiation risk is minimal.
Mobilization with movement, thoracic spine manipulation, and dry needling for the management of temporomandibular disorder: A prospective case series

The purpose of this case series was to describe the outcomes of patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) treated with mobilization with movement (MWM) directed at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the cervical spine, thoracic manipulation, and trigger point (TrP) dry needling. Fifteen patients with TMD completed the Steigerwald/Maher TMD disability questionnaire, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and maximal mouth opening (MMO) at baseline. The VAS and MMO were also collected at 15 days posttreatment and at a 2-month follow-up, and the Steigerwald/Maher TMD disability questionnaire was completed at the 2-month follow-up. Repeated measure ANOVAs were used to determine the effects of the intervention on each outcome. Within-group effect sizes were calculated in order to assess clinical effectiveness. Fifteen patients participated in this case series. The ANOVA revealed significant decreases (all, p < 0.01) VAS mean, VAS Worst, and VAS Best between baseline and final visit of 25.7 (95% CI; 17.7, 33.8); 33.2 (95% CI; 23.4, 43.0); 18.4 (12.1, 24.7); and 28.3 (95% CI; 18.8, 37.9); 36.1 (95% CI; 25.0, 47.3); 19.7 (95% CI; 12.8, 26.7) between baseline and the 2-month follow-up periods, respectively. Additionally, the ANOVA revealed significant increases (all, p < 0.01) in MMO and disability following the physical therapy management strategy between baseline and final visit with a mean of 11.4 (95% CI, 6.9, 15.9) and 10.2 (95% CI, 5.2, 15.2) between baseline and the 2-month follow-up. Within-group effect sizes were large (d > 1.0) for all outcomes at both follow-up periods. Patients with TMD treated with a multimodal treatment exhibited significant and clinical improvements in pain intensity, disability, and MMO.
In vitro Ig‐synthesis and proliferative activity in multiple myeloma are stimulated by different growth factors

Plasma cells isolated from bone marrow (BM) aspirates of 15 patients with active multiple myeloma (MM) were cultured and analysed for in vitro proliferative response and Ig‐synthesis upon stimulation with interleukin‐3 (IL‐3), interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). The proliferative response, determined as Ki‐67 positivity in concentrated plasma cells, was increased by IL‐6 (Stimulation Index, SI=1.77±0.21 (M±SEM)) but not by IL‐3 or IL‐4. This proliferation could be blocked by anti‐IL‐6. In vitro Igsynthesis was stimulated by IL‐4 (SI = 1.62±0.12 (M±SEM) P<0.05) but not by IL‐6 or IL‐3. This effect was not antagonized by anti‐IL‐6. An inverse correlation was found in this group of patients between the IL‐6 induced stimulation of plasma cell proliferative activity and the IL‐4 induced increase of Ig‐synthesis (P=0.027).