Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dilute Polyacrylamide Solutions under Uniaxial Extensional Flow

The shear and extensional viscosities, dynamic viscosities, and normal forces of a series of polyacrylamide solutions of varying molar mass have been determined in a Boger fluid at varying concentrations. The critical strain rate under extensional flow that can be defined from the departure from Newtonian behavior, ec, was found to be independent of the concentration and varied in the same way as the critical coil−stretch strain rate with the molar mass. A quantitative comparison indicated that ec is a decade lower than the strain rate predicted to characterize the coil−stretch transition. This difference indicates that ec reflects the average deformation of the chains over the range of strain rates.
Content of potentially bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rhizosphere soil in relation to properties of soils

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluates the content of mild-solvent extracted fraction of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the rhizospheres of some selected plant species (Cucumis sativa, Daucus carota, Allium cepa, Cucurbita pepo, Petroselinum sativum, Cucurbita sp., Phaseolus vulgaris, Beta vulgaris, Apium graveolens, Allium porrum, Vicia faba). Ten compounds from the US EPA list (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chryzene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene oraz indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene) were chosen. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content was determined using the HPLC method with UV detection after a preliminary sample treatment with ultrasonic techniques. On the basis of the PAH content, the organic carbon content and the value of log Koc, (equilibrium partitioning model) a soil pore water PAH fractions present in the rhizospheres of the plants studied were calculated too. The content of the fraction extracted with n-butanol within the total of 10PAHs ranged from 55% to 90% (mean 74%). Similarly, as in the case of the total of the 10 PAHs, significant differences in the content of PAHs extracted with n-butanol were also noted for the individual compounds studied. The content of the total of the 10 PAHs as determined from equilibrium partitioning model in relation to plant species ranged from 0.03 to 0. 18μg/kg which constituted from 0.07% to 0.15% of the total content of these compounds. No clear relations between soil properties and the content or contribution of potentially bio-available PAH fractions have been observed.
Application of multivariate analysis to study water chemistry of groundwater in a semi-arid aquifer, Malayer, western Iran

Groundwater chemistry is controlled by many natural processes as well as anthropogenic processes. The identification of the influence of anthropogenic processes on groundwater chemistry is difficult particularly in cases of early phase of groundwater anthropogenic transformation. Multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) was performed to identify a common source for groundwater chemistry and identification of anthropogenic processes affecting groundwater chemistry of a semi-arid aquifer, Malayer, western Iran. The principal component analysis (PCA) performed on groundwater identified three principal components controlling variability of groundwater chemistry. Magnesium, Na+, K+ and Cl− content were associated in the same component (PC1) (salinity), most probably interpret as linked to anthropogenic activities. The Ca2+, HCO− 3, SO2− 4, and Si (PC2) content were interpreted as related to the lithogenic. Finally, the NO− 3 and pH (PC3) was interpreted as reflecting long-term .
Steam and KOH Activated Carbons from Peach Stones

Abstract Peach-stone-based activated carbons were prepared by using steam and KOH activation at 800°C. The effects of solid/liquid phase KOH and steam activation, alkali and acidic pre-treatment, and also single-step activation on activated carbon properties were investigated comprehensively. The activated carbon produced by solid phase KOH impregnation showed the highest surface area of 835 m2/g and micropore volume of 0.412 cm3/g. Besides, single-step steam activation produced a highly microporous carbon having a relatively high surface area of 608 m2/g and micropore volume of 0.331 cm3/g. Peach-stone-based activated carbons with well-developed pore structure and functional properties were achieved, comparable to the commercial carbon, CPG-LF (Chemviron Carbon). The produced carbons were tested for Chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solution. Some of the activated carbons showed higher Chromium (VI) adsorption capacity than commercial activated carbon, CPG-LF (Chemviron Carbon).
Occurrence of 38 pesticides in various French surface and ground waters

Abstract Thirty eight active substances were determined on a seasonal basis at 13 sampling points covering the most significant agricultural areas as well as types of culture throughout France. The pesticides selected included 19 herbicides, 7 insecticides and 12 fungicides which represented for each category, respectively 88%, 50% and 80% of the quantities applied in France in 1987. The sampling points included 11 ground waters with different depths and geological characteristics; the last two points were sampled from the river Seine and river Marne which account for 40% of the water supply of the Paris area. Seven multiresidue analytical techniques were developed to measure the 38 pesticides at or below the 100 ngl‐1 level of the drinking water EEC directive. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry could be used to quantitate 36 substances following solvent extraction (benzene, methylene chloride) or other sample preparation methods (hydrolysis, methylation, oxidation). The remaining substances were analys.
Nitrogen Fixation and Allantoin Formation in Soybean Plants

The activity of nitrogenase and the concentration of ammonia and allantoin (+ allantoic acid) in root nodules were measured throughout the growth period of soybean plants. Nitrogenase activity measured by acetylene reduction increased with plant growth and reached a maximum level at the flowering period. The level of ammonia and allantoin concentration in nodules was parallel with increased nitrogenase activity. At the late reproductive stage (pod-forming period), nitrogenase activity showed a marked decrease, but the ammonia and allantoin in the nodules remained at a constant level. Detached nodules from 56 day-old soybean plants were exposed to 15N2 gas, and the distribution of 15N among nitrogen compounds was investigated. Enrichment of 15N in allantoin and allantoic acid reached a fairly high level after 90 min of nitrogen fixation; ca. 22% of 15N in acid-soluble nitrogen compounds was incorporated into allantoin + allantoic acid. In contrast, enrichment of 15N in amide nitrogen was relatively low. No.
Evaluation of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for selecting the best for inoculating soybean cultivars MAUS 2 and MAUS 212.

A glasshouse experiment was conducted to screen and select the efficient AM fungi for inoculating two drought susceptible soybean cultivars MAUS 2 and MAUS 212. Screening was done using 10 different species of AM fungi. Plant parameters like plant height, stem diameter, biovolume index, total leaf area, dry biomass, P concentration, and mycorrhizal parameters like root colonization, spore number in the root zone soil were recorded according to the standard procedures. Based on the improvement in plant parameters like biovolume index, total leaf area, shoot and root dry biomass, plant P uptake, pod and seed yield, it was concluded that Ambispora leptoticha was the best AM fungus for inoculating both the cultivars MAUS 2 and MAUS 212.
Differential aluminum tolerance in some tropical rice cultivars. II. mechanism of aluminum tolerance

Abstract Ten‐day‐old seedlings of 22 rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were subjected to aluminum (Al) stress in nutrient solutions with an initial pH of 4.0±0.1. The rice cultivars exhibited a wide range of response by changing the rhizosphere pH, and the uptake and efficiency ratio (ER) of utilization of nutrients both in the presence (222 μM Al) and absence of Al. In the presence of Al, the cultivars Co 37 and Basmati 370 recorded maximum uptake and highest ER's for calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), and iron (Fe). The cultivars Damodar and ADT 36 performed very poorly in terms of nutrient uptake. The tolerant cultivars (Al‐insensitive) efficiently took up and utilized Ca and P in the presence of Al. The susceptible (Al‐sensitive) and intermediate cultivars exhibited less Ca and P uptake and utilization. There was no apparent relationship between foliar Al content and the efficiency ratios. However, the Al‐tolerant cultivars, Co 37 and Basmati 370, accumulated l.
Chemical and biochemical changes in the rhizospheres of wheat and canola

Short-term root processes can influence chemical and biochemical conditions at the soil–plant–root interface. In this study, soil phosphorus forms, pH and biochemical properties within and adjacent to the rhizosphere of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Katepwa’) and canola (Brassica napus L. ’Westar’) seedlings were studied over a 5-wk period. Soils were from the Ap horizon of a Calcareous Dark Brown Chernozemic soil (Lethbridge, Alta) and an Orthic Gray Luvisolic soil (Breton, Alta) obtained from fertilized and unfertilized long-term continuous-cropped and wheat–fallow rotation plots. Wheat and canola both absorbed more total phosphorus (P), produced more aboveground material and had higher dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities when grown in Lethbridge soils than when grown in Breton soils. Canola took up more P from both the resin-extractable inorganic P (resin-Pi) and hydrochloric acid extractable (HCl-Pi) fractions than wheat, indicating a greater ability to extract P from soil.
Zum Ionenaustausch einwertiger Kationen an synthetischen Natriumpolysilicaten mit Schichtstruktur

Die Kationenaustauschgleichgewichte der synthetischen Natriumpolysilicate Ilerit (Na2O · 8,3 SiO2 · 8,9 H2O) und Magadiit (Na2O · 13 SiO2 · 6,8 H2O) mit H+, Li+- und K+-Ionen wurden im Hinblick auf ihre Selektivitatsverhalten untersucht. Es resultiert folgende Ionenselektivitatsabstufung: H+ > Na+ > Li+ > K+. Die thermodynamischen Grosen ΔG, ΔH und ΔS wurden uber die integrale thermodynamische Gleichgewichtskonstante Kth der Ionenaustauschreaktionen bestimmt. Ion Exchange of Monovalent Cations in Synthetic Sodium Polysilicates with Layer Structure Cation-exchange equilibria of synthetic sodium polysilicates Ilerit (Na2O · 8.3SiO2 8.9 H2O) and Magadiite (Na2O · 13 SiO2 · 6.8 H2O) with H+, Li+ and K+ Ions were investigated with respect to their selectivity behaviour. The range of ion selectivity is: H+ > Na+ > Li+ > K+. Thermodynamic data ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS were determined by means of the integral thermodynamic equilibria constants Kth of the ion-exchange reactions.
Simple method for the elimination of polarization noise in BOTDA using balanced detection of orthogonally polarized Stokes and anti-Stokes probe sidebands

Given the strong polarization sensitivity of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS), in Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) it turns out to be indispensable to perform some kind of polarization scrambling, either in the pump pulse, or the probe signal (or both). This is usually accomplished using polarization scrambling/switching systems, which, being mechanical, tend to be not as robust as it would be desirable. In this paper we propose a completely passive system, with no moving parts, to perform the polarization scrambling in a BOTDA. It is based on the use of balanced detection among the orthogonally polarized Stokes and anti-Stokes bands of the probe signal. The setup requires no alignment and provides a performance similar to a conventional BOTDA sensor.
A relative humidity processing method for the sampling of aerosol particles with low growth‐ability

A method for the fractionation of aerosol particles with respect to size and ability to grow with an increased relative humidity has been developed. The system consists of cascade impactors, diffusion driers, a humidifier and a temperature stabiliser. Diffusion driers were designed and the vapour penetration was modelled below 20%. A humidifier which can be operated with an output relative humidity above 95% was developed. Flow-rates up to 51/min can be used and the relative humidity can be controlled within approximately 1%. The ability of the system to fractionate aerosol particles with respect to growth with relative humidity was investigated. The equivalent aerodynamic diameter growth factor for sodium chloride was determined to 2 at a relative humidity of 98%, in good agreement with theory. The growth is used to collect particles with no, or limited growth with increased relative humidity in separate fractions for chemical characterisation. This is obtained with an impactor stage operated at high relative humidity followed by a diffusion drier and an impactor stage with a factor of 1.4 lower cut-off diameter operated at low relative humidity, where the particles with low growth-ability are collected. The system was in operation during the EUROTRAC sub-project Ground-based Cloud Experiment (GCE) at Po Valley, supplying important information on the particle size related scavenging and the elemental composition of particles with a low growth-ability. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1992. t01-1-00015.x
Odnos čimbenika pozitivnog razvoja mladih i dobrobiti

The aim of the current study was to examine relationship between indicators of positive youth development – competence, confidence, connection, character, caring – and wellbeing. The study was conducted on a sample of adolescents consisted of high school and undergraduate students (N=725) with age range between 15 and 25 years (M=18.38, SD=2.234). Participants completed a questionnaire regarding indicators of positive youth development (Five Cs of PYD-SF; Geldhof et al., 2014) and Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS; Tennant et al., 2007). The results show significant positive correlations between all indicators of positive youth development and wellbeing. Regression analysis results revealed confidence, connection, competence and character as significant positive predictors of wellbeing. Contrary to expectations, results show that caring is not significant predictor of wellbeing. Indicators of positive youth development represent strengths that enable youth to develop healthy and positively. Examining relationship between indicators of positive youth development and wellbeing contributes to our understanding of healthy and adaptive functioning beyond inferring about it based on a lack of psychopathological symptoms.
Manganese Oxide Thin Films with Fast Ion-Exchange Properties

Department of Chemistry, UniVersity of Connecticut, U-6055 North EagleVille Rd., Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060Department of Chemical Engineering andInstitute of Materials SciencesUniVersity of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269Stanton ChingDepartment of Chemistry, Connecticut College270 Mohegan AV. , New London, Connecticut 06320ReceiVed May 30, 2000Confinement of inorganic and organic species into microporousmaterials such as zeolites and layered compounds is an importantand growing field of research.
Quenching Studies of Hydrophobically-Modified Poly(N-isopropylacrylamides)

Fluorescence quenching by nitromethane of pyrene-labeled poly(N-isopropylacrylamides) (PNIPAMs) which contain alkyl chains was employed to investigate the accessibility of the quencher to the pyrene moieties. The quenching efficiency for monomeric pyrene or excimers was decreased in PNIPAMs when compared to the quenching efficiency of pyrene fluorescence in the aqueous phase, showing that pyrene is always located within the polymeric micelles. The contribution of static quenching was evaluated by comparing the quenching efficiency determined from steady-state measurements with that obtained from time-resolved data. Static quenching was present for all PNIPAMs studied. The decrease of the quenching efficiency was related to the polymeric micelle structure. The highest degree of protection was observed for the excimer emission of the polymer containing randomly-substituted alkyl chains and with the pyrene bound to the same polymeric unit as the alkyl chain.
Extracting characteristics of human-produced video descriptions

is thesis contributes to the SMILE project, aiming for video understanding. We focus on the final stage of the project where information extracted from a video should be transformed into a natural language description. Working with a corpus of human-made video descriptions, we examine it to find paerns in the descriptions. We develop a machine-learning procedure for finding statistical dependencies between linguistic features of the descriptions. Evaluating its results when run on a small sample of data, we conclude that it can be successfully extended to larger datasets. e method is generally applicable for finding dependencies in data, and extends methods for association rule mining for the option to specify distributions of features. We show future directions which, if followed, will lead to extracting a specification of common sentence paerns of video descriptions. is would allow for generating naturally sounding descriptions from the video understanding soware.
Validation of Gujarati Version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire

Background: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is a reliable and valid tool that helps to measure physical activity of an individual. Aim: To validate the Gujarati version of IPAQ to be used in clinical research on Gujarati population. Settings and design: Cross sectional study conducted at Government Physiotherapy College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. Materials and Method: IPAQ was translated into Gujarati from English using forward-backward-forward method. For face & content validity of Gujarati version group consensus method was used. Each question was examined by group of experts in field of Medicine, Physiology and Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy. Each question was analysed for content, meaning, wording, format, ease of administration & scoring. Each question was scored by expert group as either accepted, rejected or accepted with modification. Procedure was continued until 80% of consensus for all items. Concurrent validity was found by comparing the English version of IPAQ with Gujarati version of IPAQ. Statistical Analysis: Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used to assess the strength of association between the measures of both the versions. Results: In validation process of Gujarati version of IPAQ total 21 questions were accepted; 6 questions were accepted with modification. High positive and significant correlations were also found for time spent in vigorous (ρ=0.83), moderate (ρ=0.74) and walking (ρ=0.93) activities between the IPAQ Gujarati and the original English version of IPAQ. Total physical activity was significantly and highly correlated (ρ = 0.90) between the IPAQ Gujarati and the original English version of IPAQ. The time spent in sitting was also significantly (ρ =0.94) and positively correlated between the IPAQ Gujarati and the original English version of IPAQ. Conclusion: Gujarati version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire has a good validity to be used in Gujarati Population.
Lubricants for Rigid Magnetic Media Based upon Cyclotriphosphazenes: Interactions with Lewis Acid Sites

Lubricants such as polyperfluorinated ethers are used topically on rigid magnetic media, or computer disks, to provide a low friction interface. These materials are subject to degradation particularly in the presence of Lewis acids; however, the degradation may in part be mitigated by the addition of additives such as bis(4-fluorophenoxy)tetrakis(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene, [(NP)3(OC6H4CF3)4(OC6H4F)2], or X-1P. This report explores how X-1P may preferentially interact with Lewis acid sites to impart protection to the host lubricant. Therefore, ab initio theoretical studies on the Lewis acid−base interactions between cyclotriphosphazene derivatives and AlF3 are performed. The theoretical results indicate that the strongest binding between X-1P and AlF3 is achieved when the endocyclic nitrogen atom bonds to the aluminum, providing a binding energy of the order of −55 kcal/mol. The magnitude of the binding energy indicates significant bonding as opposed to a dipole−dipole attraction. The .
Investigation of the Combustion Behaviour of Solid Fuel Slabs in a Planar Step Combustor with a Colour Schlieren Technique

The combustion behaviour of solid fuel slabs with and without boron particle addition has been investigated with a Colour Schlieren technique in a planar step combustor under ramjet relevant conditions concerning the air inlet temperature. Large scale vortical structures are conspicuous in the outer zone above the diffusion flame in the developing boundary layer behind the recirculation zone. On Colour Schlieren pictures with longer exposure times the superimposed thermal emission from the flame region gives additional information on the location of the flame front.
Structural and dynamical consequences of density variation in vitreous silica

We present structural and dynamical results of molecular dynamics simulation of vitreous silica undergoing a hydrostatic compression and decompression cycle at room temperature. Structural results as a function of density compare fairly well with experiments as well as with the longitudinal and transverse sound velocity pressure dependence. A shift of the boson peak (BP) toward higher energies and its simultaneous weakening is observed as in experiments. A detailed study of the dispersion of the glass vibration is presented at several densities and for the densified state. Evidence of phonon-like character with two distinct pseudo-periods is shown for longitudinal and transverse dynamics. The relationship between the BP vibrations and the correlation length scale indicated by the first sharp diffraction peak is discussed.
Phytoremediation of Nitrogen-Polluted Water Using Water Hyacinth

ABSTRACT Aquatic plants can be used for treating eutrophicated water in a simple and cost-effective manner, but many such plant systems remain to be characterized. The effects of growing Eichhornia crassipes on removal of nitrogen (N) from the eutrophicated water were investigated in a large-scale enclosure system installed in hyper-eutrophicated water in Hua-jia-chi pond, Hangzhou city, China. Total N concentration in the enclosures decreased from 2.1 to 0.50 mg L− 1 after growing Eichhornia crassipes for 44 d. Ammonium concentration decreased at least 2-fold after plant growth. Nitrite concentration decreased to below detection limit after growing Eichhornia crassipes for only 14 d and was maintained at that level afterwards. Chlorophyll a concentration (an indicator of water eutrophication) decreased to 10 μ g L− 1 after 44 d. The water transparency increased significantly, reaching the depth of 1.8 m (i.e., to the bottom of the pond) after 44 d. Eichhornia crassipes removed 21.7 kg nitrogen from 6,000 t of hyper-eutrophicated water in the enclosures, thus quickly and effectively improving the water quality. Growing Eichhornia crassipes is the first step toward re-establishing natural ecosystem functions in eutrophicated water bodies.
Analysis of Peroxyacyl Nitrates by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection.

A method is described for the measurement of concentrations of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN) from polluted air samples. The electron capture detector offers an extremely sensitive and selective method of measuring peroxyacyl nitrates in the parts per hundred million range using untreated air samples of less than 5 ml. Further work on the calibration factors for the various homolog remains to be done with studies of the transportation of samples to the laboratory. The results to date demonstrate that the peroxyacyl nitrates can be measured at less than 1 pphm with the electron capture detector using very small untreated samples.