Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty in fitted estimates of apparent in vivo metabolic constants for chloroform.

It has become common practice to rely on fitted estimates of apparent in vivo metabolic constants (e.g., Vmax and KM) in the parameterization of PBPK models. Yet, quantitative estimates of precision in these fitted parameters are not routinely reported. Such information is needed to assess the reliability of model predictions. The purpose of this study was to assess the precision in estimates of Vmax and KM for chloroform, accounting for both the statistical uncertainties in parameter estimates from individual data sets and any additional uncertainty due to differences in the parameter estimates derived from various experiments. Joint confidence regions for Vmax and KM from each experiment, generated using maximum likelihood techniques, were used to evaluate these questions. Three previously published data sets were considered. Estimates of Vmax and KM obtained from these data sets differed more than could be explained as a consequence of a limited number of observations, measurement error, or stochastic error. Issues associated with the use of maximum likelihood techniques to estimate joint confidence regions, the estimation of metabolic constants from individual experiments within a gas uptake study versus the full data set, the degree of overlap in the joint confidence regions for metabolic constants obtained from separate data sets, and the implications for risk assessment are discussed.
Misdiagnosis of hereditary amyloidosis as AL (primary) amyloidosis.

BACKGROUND Hereditary, autosomal dominant amyloidosis, caused by mutations in the genes encoding transthyretin, fibrinogen A alpha-chain, lysozyme, or apolipoprotein A-I, is thought to be extremely rare and is not routinely included in the differential diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis unless there is a family history. METHODS We studied 350 patients with systemic amyloidosis, in whom a diagnosis of the light-chain (AL) type of the disorder had been suggested by clinical and laboratory findings and by the absence of a family history, to assess whether they had amyloidogenic mutations. RESULTS Amyloidogenic mutations were present in 34 of the 350 patients (9.7 percent), most often in the genes encoding fibrinogen A alpha-chain (18 patients) and transthyretin (13 patients). In all 34 of these patients, the diagnosis of hereditary amyloidosis was confirmed by additional investigations. A low-grade monoclonal gammopathy was detected in 8 of the 34 patients (24 percent). CONCLUSIONS A genetic cause should be sought in all patients with amyloidosis that is not the reactive systemic amyloid A type and in whom confirmation of the AL type cannot be obtained.
Visual Signals for Individual Identification: The Silent “Song” of Ruffs

Abstract Breeding male Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) appear to communicate individual identity through extreme variation in coloration and pattern of their plumages. If plumage variation evolved to provide sufficient information to signal individual identity, we might expect different plumage components to vary independently. We find that variation in four plumage characteristics is largely independent. Previous studies produced conflicting answers about plumage-component independence, perhaps because they failed to separate two genetically distinct behavioral categories of males, which differ in plumage types, in their analysis. We propose that using plumage variation to signal individual identity, rather than voice (used by most other bird species) was favored by lengthy daytime male display in open habitats in close proximity to receivers. However, signaling associated with the unique dimorphism in this species' male mating behavior might also have influenced the evolution of extraordinary plumage diversity in this species.
An Approach to Distinguish Between the Severity of Bullying in Messages in Social Media

Users on the social media can share positive as well as negative information intentionally and unintentionally in the form of multimedia content without knowing its impact on other user, which threatens the security and privacy of social media. Cyberbullying is one of the risks associated with social media. Cyberbullying is an aggressive act carried out intentionally against the victim by posting harmful material on social media to harm his/her reputation. Aggressive act creates depression, anxiety in users which may lead to diversion of attention and sometimes suicidal actions. In this paper the authors have included a survey on recent algorithms which work on detection of cyberbullying. State-of-the-art studies only focus on the detection of cyberbullying but not on the preventive measures against cyberbullying. In order to tackle this problem, the authors showed how the severity of the bullying in messages helps to find the real culprit.
PS185. Opposite 1-H MRS Cho changes in amygdala and DLPFC in responders after SSRI as monotherapy in MDD

s | 67 tissue, to identify biophysical alterations, which are represented by a magnetization transfer ratio (MTR). Whole brain voxelbased analysis was used to compare MTR across groups controlling for age and gender, thresholded at p < 0.05 (corrected) for a minimum cluster size of 132 voxels. Moreover, we conducted correlation analyses between the average regional values in affected regions with age, 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and illness duration. Results: The patients exhibited significantly reduced MTR in left superior parietal lobule (SPL) and left middle occipital gyrus (MOG) compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). These abnormalities were not correlated with age, HRSD or illness duration. Conclusions: The first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients displayed biophysical alterations in the SPL and MOG which were involved in the attentional2 and cognitive dysfunction3. These findings in first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients may reflect illness-related macromolecular changes close to illness onset, and thus potentially provide important new insight into the early neurobiology of depression.
Bifurcation Analysis and Stabilization of DC Power Systems for Electrified Transportation Systems

Tightly controlled power converters are often modeled as constant power load. In transportation system, the input filters are small and not much damped to save weight/volume. In order to know when the system becomes unstable with those small LC filters and high cut-off frequency, the conventional analysis based on an average model may not be accurate enough. In this paper, a new discrete-time model is proposed to investigate the behavior of the studied system and to take into account the switching effect. A stabilizer is also proposed to increase the maximum power. This system is composed of a dc-dc boost converter with a modified control, an LC filter, and a constant power load. Experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed tool.
Discordance and concordance of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) in monozygotic twins indicate heritable and sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease

Monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs concordant for dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) or for proven Alzheimer's disease (AD) have a significantly higher frequency of a positive family history (DAT or AD in at least one first-degree relative, p <0.002) than do discordant MZ twin pairs, consistent with a lesser predicted distribution of proportions of surviving first-degree relatives without DAT (or AD) (p <0.001). The results suggest that concordant MZ twin pairs with DAT (or AD) have a heritable form of disease. AD in discordant twins may result from environmental influences or from a somatic chromosomal change following zygotic division.
Carbon nanotubes : from molecular to macroscopic sensors

The components that contribute to Raman spectral shifts of single-wall carbon nanotubes ~SWNT’s! embedded in polymer systems have been identified. The temperature dependence of the Raman shift can be separated into the temperature dependence of the nanotubes, the cohesive energy density of the polymer, and the buildup of thermal strain. Discounting all components apart from the thermal strain from the Raman shift-temperature data, it is shown that the mechanical response of single-wall carbon nanotubes in tension and compression are identical. The stress-strain response of SWNT’s can explain recent experimental data for carbon nanotube-composite systems.
Surround Suppression in the Early Visual System

In their description of orientation-tuned cells in primary visual cortex (V1) of the macaque, [Hubel and Wiesel (1968)][1] found that some neurons responded less when they lengthened an optimally oriented bar stimulus. They termed cells that exhibited this behavior to be “hypercomplex”. Numerous
Effects of inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis in skeletal muscle.

To evaluate the participation of proteins derived from mitochondrial genes in the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to increased contractile activity, we administered chloramphenicol (CAP; 200-1,000 mg.kg-1.day-1), an inhibitor of translation from mitochondrial ribosomes, to adult rabbits undergoing electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior muscle of one hind limb. In unmedicated animals, 10 days of electrical stimulation increased maximum velocity (Vmax) of cytochrome oxidase and citrate synthase by 214 +/- 17 and 201 +/- 16% (P less than 0.01). In a dose-dependent manner, CAP abolished activity-induced increases in cytochrome oxidase Vmax, suggesting that augmented mitochondrial protein synthesis is necessary for the adaptive response of enzymes that require protein subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes. However, CAP failed to inhibit activity-induced changes in Vmax of enzymes derived exclusively from nuclear genes (citrate synthase and aldolase). CAP also failed to inhibit activity-induced increases in mRNA transcribed from the nuclear genes encoding beta-F1 ATPase or myoglobin, or from the mitochondrial genes encoding 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, or cytochrome b. These latter findings suggest that mitochondrial translation products do not participate in pretranslational regulation of these nuclear or mitochondrial genes in response to changes in contractile activity of skeletal muscle.
The British partnership phenomenon: a ten year review

This article presents a detailed review of the vast partnership literature that has emerged in the UK between 1998 and 2008. It begins by examining definitions of partnership, and suggests that while academic definitions are vague, practitioner definitions tend to conflate partnership processes with partnership outcomes. An alternative definition based upon processes and practices is offered. This is followed by a review of the conceptual advocates/critics debate, and the key themes of empirical partnership studies. It is proposed that while recent empirical evidence identifies a variety of outcomes and presents various typologies of partnership, there is an absence of debates on typologies in the literature. The article then identifies several limitations of the existing literature, including ideological positions, a lack of sensitivity to context and to different types of partnership, and a focus on outcomes. The article concludes by suggesting avenues for future partnership research.
Monitoring of Railway Deformations using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors

Natural phenomena like earthquakes, landslides, avalanches or mud flows can cause severe damages of railway tracks. Today’s monitoring concepts either focus on a permanent monitoring of known problematic sites or an epochwise measurement of the railway track with special measurement cars. In this paper we present a new approach for continuous monitoring of railway tracks over long distances. The new concept is based on optical fibers which are attached to the rail and depict occurring strain. The strain development can be measured with distributed fiber optic measurement instruments. Measurement ranges of several tenths of kilometers are possible with state-of-the-art equipment based on Brillouin backscattering. We report about the measurement concept and demonstrate how vertical and horizontal deformations can be derived from strain measurements. We also focus on technologic aspects such as precision, calibration and temperature compensation. Finally, the feasibility is shown in two field experiments. In the first experiment, an existing railway track was equipped with the fiber optic sensing cable and deformed. These deformations were depicted with the distributed fiber optic sensing system and compared to point-wise deformation measurements of a total station. In the second experiment we demonstrate that also small deformations caused for instance by the dead weight of a locomotive or passenger wagon can be measured reliably. As a conclusion distributed fiber optic sensors complement existing railway monitoring solutions and are well suited for the identification of problematic sites which have to be monitored additionally with total stations or GNSS sensors.
Ultrastructure and enzyme digestion of nucleoli and associated structures in hypothalamic nerve cells viewed in resinless sections

Estrogen has been shown to affect ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) nerve cell nucleoli in ovariectomized rats, by causing an increase in the number of electron‐dense aggregates associated with nucleoli. In order to characterize these nucleolus‐associated structures and other nuclear components, we examined the ultrastructure of ventromedial hypothalamic nucleoli and nuclei revealed by enzyme digestions (pepsin, RNase and DNase) in resinless thin sections. Digestion by pepsin did not cause obvious alterations in the morphology of the nucleolus or its related structures. Pepsin treatment followed by RNase, however, reduced the density of the nucleolus, while that of the nucleolus‐associated structure and other related structures remained unchanged. Conversely pepsin treatment followed by DNase, reduced the density of nucleolus‐associated and other chromatin structures, but had no effect on the density of the nucleolus. Pepsin treatment followed by RNase and then DNase treatment, reduced the density of the nucleolus and nucleolus‐associated structures. A residual nucleolus and nucleolus‐associated structure remained after this treatment. Stereo viewing of resinless sections shows that the nucleolus, its associated structures, and other related structures, are associated with fine filaments that may comprise the nuclear matrix. The nucleolus‐associated structure containing DNA may direct RNA synthesis at an increased rate in estrogen‐treated hypothalamic cells.
Power Module Capacitor Voltage Balancing Method for a ±350-kV/1000-MW Modular Multilevel Converter

This letter focuses on the power module (PM) capacitor voltage balancing of a $\pm 350$ -kV/1000-MW modular multilevel converter (MMC). For this MMC, the current flowing through the IGBTs will exceed the nominal current of the adopted commercial high-voltage (3.3 kV or higher) IGBT products, i.e., 1500 A. As for the PM voltage balancing of this MMC, the switching frequency must be kept low to reduce the losses and the accurate calculation of the PM switching frequency is of great importance to the design of the cooling system. This letter presented a low-switching frequency PM balancing method by introducing the balancing adjusting number (BAN). The PM switching frequency calculation method is also presented with different BANs. Computer simulation and the real-time control hardware in the loop test results based on RT-LAB show the effectiveness of the proposed PM balancing method and the accuracy of the switching frequency calculation method under the rated power.
Development of Genome-Wide DNA Polymorphism Database for Map-Based Cloning of Rice Genes1[w]

DNA polymorphism is the basis to develop molecular markers that are widely used in genetic mapping today. A genome-wide rice (Oryza sativa) DNA polymorphism database has been constructed in this work using the genomes of Nipponbare, a cultivar of japonica, and 93-11, a cultivar of indica. This database contains 1,703,176 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 479,406 Insertion/Deletions (InDels), approximately one SNP every 268 bp and one InDel every 953 bp in rice genome. Both SNPs and InDels in the database were experimentally validated. Of 109 randomly selected SNPs, 107 SNPs (98.2%) are accurate. PCR analysis indicated that 90% (97 of 108) of InDels in the database could be used as molecular markers, and 68% to 89% of the 97 InDel markers have polymorphisms between other indica cultivars (Guang-lu-ai 4 and Long-te-pu B) and japonica cultivars (Zhong-hua 11 and 9522). This suggests that this database can be used not only for Nipponbare and 93-11, but also for other japonica and indica cultivars. While validating InDel polymorphisms in the database, a set of InDel markers with each chromosome 3 to 5 marker was developed. These markers are inexpensive and easy to use, and can be used for any combination of japonica and indica cultivars used in this work. This rice DNA polymorphism database will be a valuable resource and important tool for map-based cloning of rice gene, as well as in other various research on rice (http://shenghuan.shnu.edu.cn/ricemarker).
Magnetic Properties of Lunar Samples

A breccia sample (10023) from the moon was found to have a strong and fairly stable remanent magnetization. If this sample was not magnetized by local fields in the spacecraft or in the lunar receiving laboratory, it must have been magnetized on the moon. This could have happened in a variety of ways, such as cooling through the Curie temperature, by comitinuous thermal cycling, or by impact, but all of these require the presence ofr a magnetic field. Such a field could have been of internal origin in the moon, or it could have been a residual effect from the earth's magnetic field at a time when the moon and the earth were much closer together. Thermomagnetic studies identify the presence of iron with about 1 percent nickel (igneous). iron with abiout 5 to 10 percent nickel (meteoritic), iron with about 33 percent or more nickel (meteoritic), and ilmenite.
Neither Microbial Translocation Nor TLR Responsiveness Are Likely Explanations for Preexisting Immune Activation in Women Who Subsequently Acquired HIV in CAPRISA 004

Abstract:Innate immune activation was a strong predictor of HIV acquisition in women at risk for HIV in CAPRISA 004. Identifying the cause(s) of activation could enable targeted prevention interventions. In this study, plasma concentrations of lipopolysaccharide, soluble CD14, and intestinal fatty acid–binding protein did not differ between subjects who did or did not subsequently acquire HIV nor were these levels correlated with plasma cytokines or natural killer cell activation. There was no difference between HIV acquirers and non-acquirers in the chemokine and cytokine responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with TLR2, 4, or 7/8 agonists. Further studies are required.
Incorporation of Domain Knowledge for Post Mining of Combined Patterns

Over last 10-15 years data mining practices have briskly employed in various fields. Input data for such miscellaneous applications not only varies but is also complex i.e. huge as well as diverse in nature. Many data mining applications are restricted to mine only a specific type of data. Moreover, these applications use solitary technique of data mining to discover knowledge. Combined mining embraces three different framework viz. multi-source combined mining, multi-method combined mining, and multi-feature combined mining. The outcome of combined mining process is termed as combined patterns, which are indisputably more informative than simple association rules. The combined patterns take various forms as atomic patterns, pair patterns, cluster patterns, incremental pair patterns and incremental cluster patterns. Many times data miner may perhaps not be satisfied with the outcomes of mining. His demand is to incorporate his expertise, demand or predefined goals into process of mining. This is nothing but the domain knowledge, which plays vital role in data mining applications. Out of various ways of representing domain knowledge, ontology is effective one. It not only helps to generalize the attributes in datasets but also provide a tactic to categorize them according to user’s perspective. The combined patterns can be converted into more practicable information if one processes them with the help of domain knowledge.
piRNAs Power Sperm Development in the Adult

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs)—small 23–32 nucleotide single-stranded RNAs—function before birth in prospermatogonia, the early cellular precursors to mammalian sperm. There, piRNAs are known to quell the activity of transposable elements. But another set of piRNAs operates in the adult testis, and less is known about what these RNAs do. A new study finds that these RNAs not only quell transposable elements in the testis, they also seem to regulate the developmental program of spermatogenesis, possibly by altering chromatin state [1]. Shu Ly Lim et al. began by asking about methylation of piRNAs, which is known to occur in the testis at the 3 end of these RNAs. In other species, the enzyme that mediates this methylation has been identified, HEN methyltransferase (HENMT1). To explore the role of this enzyme in mammals, the researchers examined male mice homozygous for a point mutation in the gene encoding HENMT1. The researchers found that piRNAs in the testis were unmethylated and unstable. In addition, these males were infertile, with a range of defects in sperm development in the testis. Retrotransposons became active in adult meiotic cells and haploid germ cells, and many RNAs involved in spermatogenesis were precociously expressed. It seems as if the testis-specific piRNAs do not operate by affecting RNA stability or by regulating translation, tasks that small RNAs are known to do in other cells. Instead, the researchers provide evidence that these piRNAs—also called pachytene piRNAs—can modify gene expression by altering chromatin. The researchers performed ChIP and and qPCR experiments on several key spermiogenesis genes in wild-type and mutant mice. The genes in the mutant mice contained increased levels of activating histone marks, suggestive of an open, transcriptionally permissive chromatin structure. This finding jibes with previous studies in flies, showing that piRNAs affect histone marks. The phenotype of the HENMT1 mutant mice resembles a human infertility condition called oligoasthenoteratospermia (OAT), which is treated with ICSI (intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection). The researchers raise the concern that such individuals may be transmitting sperm with active transposable elements and massively altered mRNA profiles, perhaps to the detriment of their descendants’ health.
[Late potentials in patients with hypertension].

UNLABELLED The presence of late potentials (LP) is considered as the evidence of an anatomical and electrophysiological condition which can give rise to life threatening ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this work has been to study the incidence of LP in the setting of hypertension and to study their relation to ventricular hypertrophy on one hand and to ventricular arrhythmias on the other. Our study was conducted in 45 hypertensive patients (mean age +/- SD = 53 +/- 12). None of them had clinical evidences of a coronaropathy and only 5 had never been treated. For every patient we carried out a signal averaged electrocardiogram to detect LP, an echocardiogram to determine the myocardial mass index and 48 hours Holter monitoring to record ventricular arrhythmias filed according to the Lown classification. RESULTS LP have been found in 13 patients. The following table summaries relations between LP, ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial hypertrophy: [table: see text] CONCLUSION LP are frequently found in hypertensive patients (29%); their incidence is not higher in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy although they more frequently have serious ventricular arrhythmias; the severity of ventricular arrhythmias is not correlated with the presence of LP.