Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual Text Analysis in Digital Humanities

In 2005, Franco Moretti introduced Distant Reading to analyse entire literary text collections. This was a rather revolutionary idea compared to the traditional Close Reading, which focuses on the thorough interpretation of an individual work. Both reading techniques are the prior means of Visual Text Analysis. We present an overview of the research conducted since 2005 on supporting text analysis tasks with close and distant reading visualizations in the digital humanities. Therefore, we classify the observed papers according to a taxonomy of text analysis tasks, categorize applied close and distant reading techniques to support the investigation of these tasks and illustrate approaches that combine both reading techniques in order to provide a multi‐faceted view of the textual data. In addition, we take a look at the used text sources and at the typical data transformation steps required for the proposed visualizations. Finally, we summarize collaboration experiences when developing visualizations for close and distant reading, and we give an outlook on future challenges in that research area.
Scaling the Inter-Domain Routing System

The Internet inter-domain routing system is facing scalability issues due to the increasing sizes of the routing and forwarding tables. Several approaches have been suggested to scaling the sizes of the routing and forwarding tables. In this report, I undertake a survey of the suggested approaches and suggest a taxonomy for classifying the approaches. I then discuss the approaches in the various classes and also discuss the pros and cons of each class of solutions.
Short and long germ segmentation: unanswered questions in the evolution of a developmental mode

Summary The insect body plan is very well conserved, yet the developmental mechanisms of segmentation are surprisingly varied. Less evolutionarily derived insects undergo short germ segmentation where only the anterior segments are specified before gastrulation whereas the remaining posterior segments are formed during a later secondary growth phase. In contrast, derived long germ insects such as Drosophila specify their entire bodies essentially simultaneously. These fundamental embryological differences imply potentially divergent molecular patterning events. Numerous studies have focused on comparing the expression and function of the homologs of Drosophila segmentation genes between Drosophila and different short and long germ insects. Here we review these comparative data with special emphasis on understanding how short germ insects generate segments and how this ancestral mechanism may have been modified in derived long germ insects such as Drosophila. We break down the larger issue of short versus long germ segmentation into its component developmental problems and structure our discussion in order to highlight the unanswered questions in the evolution of insect segmentation.
A Longitudinal Study of Behavior in Frontotemporal Dementia and Primary Progressive Aphasia

Objective: To evaluate the construct validity of the Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) and to describe the evolution of the behavioral abnormalities of the behavioral and aphasic presentations of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) by means of a 3-year longitudinal study. Background: The FBI is a standardized behavioral questionnaire useful in the diagnosis and quantification of the personality and behavior disorder FTD. Method: Patients who had three consecutive yearly assessments with the FBI were selected, 12 with the behavioral variant of FTD (FTD-bv) and 14 with Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). Results: FBI scores rose as the disease progressed in both the FTD-bv and PPA groups over the 3 years of testing. Initial mean FBI scores of the FTD-bv group were above the cutoff for FTD as established for this diagnosis with previous standardization. By the third year, the mean FBI score of PPA patients was also above the established cutoff for FTD. Conclusions: The outcome of the study demonstrates that the FBI is sensitive to changes in behavior and personality in both variants of FTD. The FBI can be used to describe the evolution of symptoms and the course of the illness of Pick complex patients who present initially with FTD-bv or who present with PPA and subsequently develop the behavioral disorder.
GATA factors as key regulatory molecules in the development of Drosophila endoderm

Essential roles for GATA factors in the development of endoderm have been reported in various animals. A Drosophila GATA factor gene, serpent (srp, dGATAb, ABF), is expressed in the prospective endoderm, and loss of srp activity causes transformation of the prospective endoderm into ectodermal foregut and hindgut, indicating that srp acts as a selector gene to specify the developmental fate of the endoderm. While srp is expressed in the endoderm only during early stages, it activates a subsequent GATA factor gene, dGATAe, and the latter continues to be expressed specifically in the endoderm throughout life. dGATAe activates various functional genes in the differentiated endodermal midgut. An analogous mode of regulation has been reported in Caenorhabditis elegans, in which a pair of GATA genes, end‐1/3, specifies endodermal fate, and a downstream pair of GATA genes, elt‐2/7, activates genes in the differentiated endoderm. Functional homology of GATA genes in nature is apparently extendable to vertebrates, because endodermal GATA genes of C. elegans and Drosophila induce endoderm development in Xenopus ectoderm. These findings strongly imply evolutionary conservation of the roles of GATA factors in the endoderm across the protostomes and the deuterostomes.
Channel sparsification beamforming for internet-of-things systems

In this paper, we propose a novel pilot beamforming and CSI acquisition strategy for IoT systems to achieve reduction in pilot overhead and enhancement in the channel estimation quality. Key idea of the proposed technique, called time-domain sparse beamforming (TDSB), is to sparsify the time-domain channel vector using the antenna-domain beamforming. As a result of TDSB, wideband channel information can be acquired with partial pilot symbols in time and frequency. From the numerical evaluations, we show that the proposed scheme outperforms conventional channel estimation schemes, and achieves substantial reduction in the pilot overhead.
Application of Novel Cavity-Backed Proximity-Coupled Microstrip Patch Antenna to Design Broadband Conformal Phased Array

A broadband conformal phased array consisting of 48 linear arrays with four microstrip antennas is presented in this letter. The element is designed by a novel proximity-coupling feeding mechanism with a cavity-backed configuration. A dielectric layer, which is integrated on the surface of the antenna, is designed and fabricated to shield the patches. It plays a role similar to the conformal radome. In addition, the vertical connection between the element and the coax probe is designed, which is a benefit for increasing the space usage. The measured results indicate the bandwidth of the center embedded element is 27.6% with |S11| below -10 dB. Due to its simple single-patch structure, the fabrication errors can be easily controlled.
Cro36WSD: A Lexical Sample for Croatian Word Sense Disambiguation

We introduce Cro36WSD, a freely-available medium-sized lexical sample for Croatian word sense disambiguation (WSD). Cro36WSD comprises 36 words: 12 adjectives, 12 nouns, and 12 verbs, balanced across both frequency bands and polysemy levels. We adopt the multi-label annotation scheme in the hope of lessening the drawbacks of discrete sense inventories and obtaining more realistic annotations from human experts. Sense-annotated data is collected through multiple annotation rounds to ensure high-quality annotations: with a 115 person-hours effort we reached an inter-annotator agreement score of 0.877. We analyze the obtained data and perform a correlation analysis between several relevant variables, including word frequency, number of senses, sense distribution skewness, average annotation time, and the observed inter-annotator agreement (IAA). Using the obtained data, we compile multi- and single-labeled dataset variants using different label aggregation schemes. Finally, we evaluate three different baseline WSD models on both dataset variants and report on the insights gained. We make both dataset variants freely available.
Online learning and adaptation of network hypervisor performance models

Software Defined Networking (SDN) paved the way for a logically centralized entity, the SDN controller, to excerpt near real-time control over the forwarding state of a network. Network hypervisors are an in-between layer to allow multiple SDN controllers to share this control by slicing the network and giving each controller the power over a part of the network. This makes network hypervisors a critical component in terms of reliability and performance. At the same time, compute virtualization is ubiquitous and may not guarantee statically assigned resources to the network hypervisors. It is therefore important to understand the performance of network hypervisors in environments with varying compute resources. In this paper we propose an online machine learning pipeline to synthesize a performance model of a running hypervisor instance in the face of varying resources. The performance model allows precise estimations of the current capacity in terms of control message throughput without time-intensive offline benchmarks. We evaluate the pipeline in a virtual testbed with a popular network hypervisor implementation. The results show that the proposed pipeline is able to estimate the capacity of a hypervisor instance with a low error and furthermore is able to quickly detect and adapt to a change in available resources. By exploring the parameter space of the learning pipeline, we discuss its characteristics in terms of estimation accuracy and convergence time for different parameter choices and use cases. Although we evaluate the approach with network hypervisors, our work can be generalized to other latency-sensitive applications with similar characteristics and requirements as network hypervisors.
Semi Supervised Weighted K-Means Clustering for Multi Class Data Classification

Supervised Learning techniques require large number of labeled examples to train a classifier model. Research on Semi Supervised Learning is motivated by the availability of unlabeled examples in abundance even in domains with limited number of labeled examples. In such domains semi supervised classifier uses the results of clustering for classifier development since clustering does not rely only on labeled examples as it groups the objects based on their similarities. In this paper, the authors propose a new algorithm for semi supervised classification namely Semi Supervised Weighted K-Means (SSWKM). In this algorithm, the authors suggest the usage of weighted Euclidean distance metric designed as per the purpose of clustering for estimating the proximity between a pair of points and used it for building semi supervised classifier. The authors propose a new approach for estimating the weights of features by appropriately adopting the results of multiple discriminant analysis. The proposed method was then tested on benchmark datasets from UCI repository with varied percentage of labeled examples and found to be consistent and promising.
Near-field mapping of infrared nanoantennas

We demonstrate amplitude- and phase-resolved near-field mapping of nanoantennas by scattering-type near-field optical microscopy. The technique is applied to monitor the evolution of the near-field oscillations of infrared gap antennas progressively loaded with metallic bridges of varying size. Our results provide direct experimental evidence that nanoscale infrared near fields can be controlled by antenna loading, which is in excellent agreement with numerical calculations.
The X‐box binding protein‐1 transcription factor is required for plasma cell differentiation and the unfolded protein response

Summary: X‐box binding protein‐1 (XBP‐1) is a transcription factor essential for plasma cell differentiation. XBP‐1 transcripts are found at high levels in plasma cells from rheumatoid synovium and myeloma cell lines. Lymphoid chimeras deficient in XBP‐1 have a profound defect in plasma cell differentiation, with few plasma cells in their periphery and severely reduced serum immunoglobulin levels. When introduced into B‐lineage cells, XBP‐1 initiates plasma cell differentiation. XBP‐1 is also the mammalian homologue of the yeast transcription factor Hac1p, an important component of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR allows cells to tolerate conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by misfolded proteins. Studies examining the relationship between plasma cell differentiation, XBP‐1, and the UPR demonstrate that this novel signaling system is vital for plasma cell differentiation. Signals that induce plasma cell differentiation and the UPR cooperate via XBP‐1 to induce terminal B‐cell differentiation. Additionally, XBP‐1 plays an important role in the regulation of interleukin‐6 production, a cytokine essential for plasma cell survival.
Building Reconstruction From High-Resolution Multiview Aerial Imagery

In this letter, we propose a novel method to reconstruct accurate building structures from high-resolution multiview aerial imagery, using layered contour fitting (LCF) with a density-based clustering algorithm. Initially, the complicated 3-D scene is reconstructed by a probabilistic volumetric modeling algorithm. Subsequently, the reconstructed 3-D scene model is projected into layer images based on the height information. At last, we combine an extended layered density-based clustering approach with a generative LCF approach to remove noise and extract accurate building contours in every layer image at the same time. The final accurate 3-D building model is generated from these contours in layer images with a smoothing operation. Experiments on the aerial image sets demonstrate effectiveness and precision of our method.
Algorithms for Efficient Top-Down Join Enumeration

Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2014 in the subject Computer Science - Applied, grade: summa cum laude, University of Mannheim (School of Business Informatics and Mathematics), course: Databases, language: English, abstract: For a DBMS that provides support for a declarative query language like SQL, the query optimizer is a crucial piece of software. The declarative nature of a query allows it to be translated into many equivalent evaluation plans. The process of choosing a suitable plan from all alternatives is known as query optimization. The basis of this choice are a cost model and statistics over the data. Essential for the costs of a plan is the execution order of join operations in its operator tree, since the runtime of plans with different join orders can vary by several orders of magnitude. An exhaustive search for an optimal solution over all possible operator trees is computationally infeasible. To decrease complexity, the search space must be restricted. Therefore, a well-accepted heuristic is applied: All possible bushy join trees are considered, while cross products are excluded from the search. There are two efficient approaches to identify the best plan: bottom-up and top-down join enumeration. But only the top-down approach allows for branch-and-bound pruning, which can improve compile time by several orders of magnitude, while still preserving optimality. Hence, this thesis focuses on the top-down join enumeration. In the first part, we present two efficient graph-partitioning algorithms suitable for top-down join enumeration. However, as we will see, there are two severe limitations: The proposed algorithms can handle only (1) simple (binary) join predicates and (2) inner joins. Therefore, the second part adopts one of the proposed partitioning strategies to overcome those limitations. Furthermore, we propose a more generic partitioning framework that enables every graph-partitioning algorithm to handle join predicates involving more
A bound on the number of perfect matchings in Klee-graphs

The famous conjecture of Lovasz and Plummer, very recently proven by Esperet et al. (2011), asserts that every cubic bridgeless graph has exponentially many perfect matchings. In this paper we improve the bound of Esperet et al. for a specific subclass of cubic bridgeless graphs called the Klee-graphs. We show that every Klee-graph with n ≥8 vertices has at least 3 *2(n+12)/60 perfect matchings.
Study of Signal Interface between Single Flux Quantum Circuit and Adiabatic Quantum Flux Parametron

We investigated interface circuits between a single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuit and an adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) for their hybrid system. The target frequency of interface circuits is several GHz. The interface circuit that transmits a signal from the SFQ circuit to the AQFP gate (SFQ/AQFP) is realized by combining an SFQ toggle flip-flop (TFF) with the AQFP buffer. The bias margin of the SFQ TFF and the excitation current margin of the SFQ/AQFP interface are 2.47 mV ±24.7% and 1.36 mA ±8.82%, respectively. The interface circuit that transmits a signal from the AQFP to the SFQ circuit (AQFP/SFQ) was designed by using a high-sensitive mutually coupled dc/SFQ converter (MC-dc/SFQ) to detect magnetic flux signal output from the AQFP. The bias margin of the high-sensitive MC-dc/SFQ and the excitation current margin of the AQFP/SFQ are 2.88 mV ±13% and 1.6 mA ±18.8%, respectively. These interface circuits also allow us to use long-distance interconnection based on SFQ passive transmission lines between AQFP gates.
Improvement of the Experimental Setup to Assess Cutaneous Bioavailability on Human Skin Models: Dynamic Protocol

Human skin models, such as EpiDerm® and Episkin®, are not easily mounted into static or dynamic diffusion cells that are commonly used to perform bioavailability studies with human skin ex vivo. For various reasons, such as fragility, small sample size, and other morphological constraints, skin absorption studies with human skin models are often carried out on the delimited skin surface obtained by gluing a ring onto the reconstituted epidermis and manually exchanging the receptor solution. However, such an experimental setup is prone to artifacts. Discontinuous removal of the receptor fluid leads to alternating sink conditions, and an area of application smaller than the area in contact with the receptor fluid, as well as imperfect seal of the glued ring, may result in inaccurate penetration rates. Human skin models were shown to be relatively easily mounted into In-Line cells (PermeGear Inc.), vertical diffusion cells which appear to be appropriately designed for such a purpose. In-Line cells allowed accurate determination of solute penetration as well as automated sampling of receptor fluid. Excised human skin can be mounted into these cells as well, making it possible to compare penetration rates through different types of skin samples under identical conditions. Using mannitol as a reference compound, penetration profiles and epidermal distribution similar to those obtained with human skin ex vivo were obtained both with EpiDerm and Episkin. Under the present conditions, human skin models were more permeable to mannitol than excised human skin, which was only slightly permeable to mannitol. Due to these experimental innovations and to the good agreement with the absorption characteristics through human skin ex vivo, EpiDerm and Episkin seem to be promising human skin models for testing the cutaneous bioavailability of topical products in vitro.
A Decision Model of Kenyan SMEs' Consumer Choice Behavior in Relation to Registration for a Mobile Banking Service: A Contextual Perspective

As the fast pace of mobile banking innovations continue to permeate the socio-economic context of many African countries, there is a need for more in-depth research in this particular area. This paper focuses on mobile banking services and seeks to unearth the decision criteria associated with its choice among Kenyan small and medium enterprises (SMEs). While treating the area of focus as an impact evaluation phenomenon, the study employs ethnographic decision tree modeling to understand how target users make decisions concerning mobile banking services. The paper in particular seeks to answer the question: What decision criteria and constraints do Kenyan SMEs evaluate when deciding to register or not register for mobile banking services? Given the chosen research methodology, the study which is carried out in a developing country context is underpinned by the theory of real-life choice in order to make sense of the economic and socio-cultural context of Kenyan SMEs' appropriation decisions in relation to mobile banking technologies. The study contributes to the on-going discourse on information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) impact research by looking at the adopters' and non-adopters' decision criteria and yields vital knowledge for mobile banking service providers.
La construcción de la identidad y de los roles de género en mujeres maltratadas : un estudio a través de la técnica de rejilla

Se presenta un estudio cualitativo acerca de la construccion que mujeres maltratadas que viven en zonas rurales (N=23) tienen acerca de si mismas, los varones y las mujeres. El estudio se realizo utilizando la tecnica de rejilla y se analizan la construccion de siete elementos de la misma (yo ahora, yo antes del maltrato, mujer feliz, mujer infeliz, varon que maltrata, varon que trata bien y pareja). Los contenidos de la construccion se ponen en relacion con la intensidad de sintomas experimentados por la mujer durante el proceso de terapia (Indice General de Sintomas de la escala SCL-90- R) y la presencia-ausencia de dilemas cognitivos en la rejilla. La construccion de la identidad y las caracteristicas atribuidas a mujeres y varones concuerdan en parte con los modelos tradicionales de genero, pero se ven tambien influidas por algunos indicadores de la rejilla, como la presencia de dilemas y la polaridad de los elementos
Accommodation to depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents in cutaneous afferents of the human median and sural nerves

1 To determine whether accommodation to depolarizing and hyperpolarizing stimuli differs for cutaneous afferents in the median and sural nerves, studies were performed in normal human subjects using threshold electrotonus. 2 The changes in threshold for compound sensory action potentials of 50 % of maximum were recorded when the nerves were subjected to long‐lasting depolarizing and hyperpolarizing DC. The premise was that the threshold changes largely mirror the underlying electrotonic changes in membrane potential. 3 The maximal threshold changes produced by depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents were greater for median afferents, suggesting that the DC produced greater changes in membrane potential in these afferents. 4 Median afferents underwent greater accommodation to depolarizing currents than sural afferents and a greater threshold undershoot at the end of the currents, suggesting greater activity of a slow K+ conductance. Median afferents also underwent greater accommodation to hyperpolarizing currents, suggesting greater inward rectification. 5 These conductances are voltage dependent, and the differences in accommodation could be due to greater changes in membrane potential for the median nerve. The changes in threshold produced by long‐lasting depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents of graded intensity were therefore measured. When the threshold changes were matched for the two nerves, median afferents underwent 22.4 % more accommodation to depolarizing currents and 28.7 % more accommodation to hyperpolarizing currents. 6 We conclude that there is greater expression of two internodally located conductances responsible for accommodation on median afferents. The biophysical differences identified in this study might contribute to the finding that sural afferents have a greater tendency to dysfunction than median afferents.