Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Boosting the Late-Blooming Boy

Context: The indications for use of growth hormone have broadened with the availability of unlimited recombinant human growth hormone. The Food and Drug Administration’s approval for use of growth hormone in growth hormone–sufficient patients with idiopathic short stature includes some children with constitutional delay of growth and puberty. This is a normal growth pattern variation that includes delayed puberty and prolonged linear growth, usually leading to normal adult height. Use of recombinant human growth hormone to increase growth in short-statured children with constitutional growth delay has been challenged for its modest efficacy in increasing ultimate height, high cost, limited evidence for psychosocial benefit, and some unresolved concerns about long-term posttreatment safety. An additional controversy for the young athlete with constitutional growth delay is the concern for fairness in competition. Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed search of the literature from 1957 through May 2010 was conducted. Data sources were limited to peer-reviewed publications. Results: Recombinant human growth hormone is a safe and effective therapy for increasing growth rate in short children with constitutional growth delay, but it does not markedly increase ultimate stature nor confer a clear benefit in athletic performance. Conclusions: Prescribing physicians should use recombinant human growth hormone treatment responsibly to bring children disabled by short stature into just the normal range.
Parametric linear precoding for OFDM using Generalized Unitary Rotation

This paper proposes to use parametric unitary transformation, called Generalized Unitary Rotation (GUR), in linear precoder of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system for achieving better performance and flexibility via precoder parametrization and adaptation to the channel characteristics. It is shown that using GUR algorithm it is possible to perform classical, for example Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT)-based precoding, and derive new classes of parametric linear precoders. Presented simulation results show that any static precoder is not optimal for channel with varying impulse response and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Paper provides comparison of well-known precoders with newly proposed ones in terms of error rates and error distributions. Using numerical simulations impact of GUR parameters on the communication system bit error ratio (BER) is measured.
Gelagat kepatuhan zakat perniagaan: Aplikasi teori tindakan beralasan

Sambutan peniaga terhadap pembayaran zakat perniagaan kepada pejabat zakat adalah amat mendukacitakan. Beberapa laporan dan kajian melaporkan masih ramai peniaga tidak mempedulikan peraturan zakat negeri yang menghendaki zakat dibayar kepada Baitulmal atau amil yang dilantik. Situasi ini mencetuskan fenomena menarik mengenai gelagat kepatuhan zakat perniagaan. Secara khusus, masih belum terdapat literatur yang boleh menjelaskan fenomena tersebut. Justeru, kajian ini cuba untuk menjelaskan persoalan mengenai aras kepatuhan zakat perniagaan yang rendah. Teori Tindakan Beralasan (Theory of Reasoned Action) diaplikasikan bagi melihat peranan angkubah sikap dan persepsi sosial terhadap gelagat kepatuhan zakat perniagaan. Keputusan kajian ke atas 108 peniaga sekitar negeri Perlis mendapati bahawa niat merupakan penentu terdekat gelagat kepatuhan zakat perniagaan. Angkubah niat pula dipengaruhi oleh sikap dan pengaruh sosial seperti suami/isteri dan keluarga. Model kajian yang berasaskan teori ini dapat menerangkan sebanyak 44% varian ke atas niat gelagat, manakala 16% ke atas gelagat kepatuhan zakat perniagaan. Implikasi terhadap teori dan juga kepada pembuat dasar turut dibincangkan.
Reducing false positives in intrusion detection systems using data-mining techniques utilizing support vector machines, decision trees, and naive Bayes for off-line analysis

Intrusion detection systems monitor network or host packets in an attempt to detect malicious activities on a system. Anomaly detection systems have success in exposing new attacks, commonly referred to as `zero' day attacks, yet have high false positive rates. False positive events occur when an activity is flagged for investigation yet it was determined to be benign upon analysis. Computational power and valuable resources are wasted when the irrelevant data is processed, data flagged, analyst alerted, and the irrelevant data is finally disregarded. In an effort to make intrusion detection systems more efficient the false positive rate must be reduced. This paper proposes a model for reducing false positives using data mining techniques by combining support vector machines (SVM), decision trees, and Naïve Bayes.
Dominant-negative p 38 mitogen-activated protein kinase prevents cardiac apoptosis and remodeling after streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus

Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan, Kenichi Watanabe, Meilei Ma, Narasimman Gurusamy, Punniyakoti T. Veeraveedu, Tetsuya Konishi, Shaosong Zhang, Anthony J. Muslin, Makoto Kodama, and Yoshifusa Aizawa Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Functional and Analytical Food Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Lightlab Imaging, Westford, Massachusetts; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and First Department of Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
Scarcity, Abundance, and Conflict: A Complex New World

Memories of Lagos from the early 1980s are replete with striking contrasts. Private tennis lessons, a dip in the Ikoyi Club’s vast side-by-side pools, and the grilled red-pepper crusted Suya treat that followed are pitted against the burned image of a rotting corpse on the Badagary expressway, the eerie silence and emptiness which characterized the coup overthrowing Shaghari’s civilian regime, and the chaos accompanying the expulsion of over a million migrant workers from the country in 1983—our entire Ghanaian household staff included. These contradictions resonate even more powerfully today, as the country’s abundant oil wealth is siphoned and squandered, leaving Lagos’ millions to eke out an existence in slum-dwelling depravity. With its contradictions, Lagos is hardly unique. In Dharavi, Asia’s largest slum located across the Bandra-Kurla complex in Mumbai, a long-time resident recounted to me: “If it can be made in China, we can make it better and cheaper in Dharavi. ” This emerging industrial powerhouse, home to over 5,000 home-based manufacturing units, has a product line that includes export-quality leather goods, textiles, shoes, woodwork, pottery, and jewelry. In addition, it also houses vast reprocessing and recycling units, beauty parlors, bars, and clothing boutiques. Estimates place Dharavi’s annual economic output at roughly USD 500 million.1 Increasingly, Dharavi is becoming home to merchants and people working in Mumbai’s booming IT sector. Amid the filth and squalor, the daily toil of Dharavi’s some one million residents reflects mastery of the art of turning scarcity into abundance. Heading further east, the Porega Gold mine, located in Papua New Guinea’s Enga province about 600km north west of Port Moresby, illustrates just the reverse: the unpleasant but highly practiced trade of turning abundance into scarcity. Open pit and underground mining methods for ore extraction, in which cyanide is used to treat the gold ore, go hand in hand with the dumping of toxic tailings and other mine debris into the local river system. The resulting decline in safe water is accompanied by the loss of agricultural land and food security, attributed largely to mine encroachment. And the absence of adequate information on mining-related sources of contamination has taken a profound toll on the community’s health.2 Barrick
Novel Interaction Techniques for Visual Comparison

Comparison is an important task when visually exploring and analyzing data. We devised interaction techniques that assist in conducting comparison tasks for table-based and matrix-based visual representations. The basic idea is to allow users to dynamically create snapshots of parts of the visual representation. For the comparison of such snapshots, the user can (1) flexibly arrange them on the screen, (2) temporarily fade them out, or (3) temporarily fold them away. These techniques aim to enable users to easily contrast the data depicted in a snapshot with data in the base visualization or in other snapshots. Additional visual cues are provided to further assist the user in finding dis/similar parts in the data.
Isolated complex I deficiency in children: Clinical, biochemical and genetic aspects

We retrospectively examined clinical and biochemical characteristics of 27 patients with isolated enzymatic complex I deficiency (established in cultured skin fibroblasts) in whom common pathogenic mtDNA point mutations and major rearrangements were absent. Clinical phenotypes present in this group are Leigh syndrome (n = 7), Leigh‐like syndrome (n = 6), fatal infantile lactic acidosis (n = 3), neonatal cardiomyopathy with lactic acidosis (n = 3), macrocephaly with progressive leukodystrophy (n = 2), and a residual group of unspecified encephalomyopathy (n = 6) subdivided into progressive (n = 4) and stable (n = 2) variants. Isolated complex I deficiency is one of the most frequently observed disturbance of the OXPHOS system. Respiratory chain enzyme assays performed in cultured fibroblasts and skeletal muscle tissue in general reveal similar results, but for complete diagnostics we recommend enzyme measurements performed in at least two different tissues to minimize the possibility of overlooking the enzymatic diagnosis. Lactate levels in blood and CSF and cerebral CT/MRI studies are highly informative, although normal findings do not exclude complex I deficiency. With the discovery of mutations in nuclear encoded complex I subunits, adequate pre‐ and postnatal counseling becomes available. Finally, considering information currently available, isolated complex I deficiency in children seems to be caused in the majority by mutations in nuclear DNA. Hum Mutat 15:123–134, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Potential of Smartphone Apps in Informing Protobacco and Antitobacco Messaging Efforts Among Underserved Communities: Longitudinal Observational Study (Preprint)

Background: People from underserved communities such as those from lower socioeconomic positions or racial and ethnic minority groups are often disproportionately targeted by the tobacco industry, through the relatively high levels of tobacco retail outlets (TROs) located in their neighborhood or protobacco marketing and promotional strategies. It is difficult to capture the smoking behaviors of individuals in actual locations as well as the extent of exposure to tobacco promotional efforts. With the high ownership of smartphones in the United States—when used alongside data sources on TRO locations—apps could potentially improve tobacco control efforts. Health apps could be used to assess individual-level exposure to tobacco marketing, particularly in relation to the locations of TROs as well as locations where they were most likely to smoke. To date, it remains unclear how health apps could be used practically by health promotion organizations to better reach underserved communities in their tobacco control efforts. Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate how smartphone apps could augment existing data on locations of TROs within underserved communities in Massachusetts and Texas to help inform tobacco control efforts. Methods: Data for this study were collected from 2 sources: (1) geolocations of TROs from the North American Industry Classification System 2016 and (2) 95 participants (aged 18 to 34 years) from underserved communities who resided in Massachusetts and Texas and took part in an 8-week study using location tracking on their smartphones. We analyzed the data using spatial autocorrelation, optimized hot spot analysis, and fitted power-law distribution to identify the TROs that attracted the most human traffic using mobility data. Results: Participants reported encountering protobacco messages mostly from store signs and displays and antitobacco messages predominantly through television. In Massachusetts, clusters of TROs (Dorchester Center and Jamaica Plain) and reported smoking behaviors (Dorchester Center, Roxbury Crossing, Lawrence) were found in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Despite the widespread distribution of TROs throughout the communities, participants overwhelmingly visited a relatively small number of TROs in Roxbury and Methuen. In Texas, clusters of TROs (Spring, Jersey Village, Bunker Hill Village, Sugar Land, and J Med Internet Res 2020 | vol. 22 | iss. 7 | e17451 | p. 1 https://www.jmir.org/2020/7/e17451 (page number not for citation purposes) Lee et al JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
Knowledge Management Fishbone: A Standard Framework of Organizational Enablers

Purpose – The main purpose of this study is to craft and test a framework for the link between knowledge management (KM) and performance in organizations, with a view of providing a deeper understanding of the different KM output levels or stages that this link goes through, as well as highlighting the organizational context of each level in that link.Design/methodology/approach – A survey method was used to elicit opinions from 167 mid‐ and top‐level managers from the top 81 Bahraini businesses.Findings – The study results produced a fishbone model. Its spine positioned knowledge management activities as the first output level, leading to innovation as the second, which in turn impacts the organization's level of agility, and finally links to performance as the head of that skeletal model.Research limitations/implications – The results highlight the different organizational enablers for these stages, which have been diagrammed as the ribs of the fish skeleton‐like model.Originality/value – The framework .
Genes Encoding Proteins of the Cation Diffusion Facilitator Family That Confer Manganese Tolerance Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.009134.

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a cDNA library prepared from Stylosanthes hamata was screened for enhanced Mn2+ tolerance. From this screen, we identified four related cDNAs that encode membrane-bound proteins of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family. One of these cDNAs (ShMTP1) was investigated in detail and found to confer Mn2+ tolerance to yeast by internal sequestration rather than by efflux of Mn2+. Expression of ShMTP1 in a range of yeast mutants suggested that it functions as a proton:Mn2+ antiporter on the membrane of an internal organelle. Similarly, when expressed in Arabidopsis, ShMTP1 conferred Mn2+ tolerance through internal sequestration. The ShMTP1 protein fused to green fluorescent protein was localized to the tonoplast of Arabidopsis cells but appeared to localize to the endoplasmic reticulum of yeast. We suggest that the ShMTP1 proteins are members of the CDF family involved in conferring Mn2+ tolerance and that at least one of these proteins (ShMTP1) confers tolerance by sequestering Mn2+ into internal organelles.
Consumer Informational Privacy: Current Knowledge and Research Directions

In the current age of information and big data, consumer informational privacy has become an important issue in marketing. Besides being worried about the growing collection, storage, and use of personal information, consumers are anxious about a lack of transparency or control over their personal data. Despite these growing concerns, understanding of how firmsâ€™ privacy practices affect consumers remains limited. We review the relevant literature on consumer privacy from a marketing perspective and summarize current knowledge about how information collection, information storage, information use, transparency, and control influence consumersâ€™ behavior. In addition, we discuss to what extent the influence of firmsâ€™ privacy practices differs between firms, consumers, and environments. On the basis of this knowledge, we formulate several hypotheses aimed at providing direction for future research regarding the role of consumer informational privacy in marketing.
Environmental script affects lateral asymmetry of word recognition: A study of French–Hebrew bilinguals tested in Israel and in France

A written word is identified more easily when it is presented in the right than in the left visual field. This right visual field superiority (RVFS) may be explained by the left hemisphere's role in reading and by reading direction in left-to-right scripts. However, the comparison of left-to-right and right-to-left scripts had not resulted in systematic differences. It had also been found that the linguistic environment has an effect on visuospatial bias. We hypothesized that the linguistic environment might also affect RVFS. In an identification task, French and Hebrew words were presented in each visual field to four groups of 24 neurologically healthy participants, all of whom read French and Hebrew as a first or second language: native French speakers in France, native French speakers in Israel, native Hebrew speakers in Israel, and native Hebrew speakers in France. Results showed a greater RVFS with French than with Hebrew words in all groups except the native Hebrew speakers in Israel. Thus, at least for native Hebrew speakers, the country where participants lived also had an effect on the differential RVFS between languages, suggesting an effect of environmental script or reading practice.
Heterozygosity for a hereditary hemochromatosis gene is associated with cardiovascular death in women.

Background-The genetic background of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is homozygosity for a cysteine-to-tyrosine transition at position 282 in the HFE gene. Heterozygosity for HH is associated with moderately increased iron levels and could be a risk factor for cardiovascular death. Methods and Results-We studied the relation between HH heterozygosity and cardiovascular death in a cohort study among 12 239 women 51 to 69 years of age residing in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Women were followed for 16 to 18 years (182 976 follow-up years). The allele prevalence of the HH gene in the reference group was 4.0 (95% CI 2.9 to 5.4). The mortality rate ratios for HH heterozygotes compared with wild types was 1.5 (95% CI 0.9 to 2.5) for myocardial infarction (n=242), 2.4 (95% CI 1.3 to 3. 5) for cerebrovascular disease (n=118), and 1.6 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.4) for total cardiovascular disease (n=530). The population-attributable risks of HH heterozygosity for myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular and total cardiovascular death were 3. 3%, 8.8%, and 4.0%, respectively. In addition, we found evidence for effect modification by hypertension and smoking. Conclusions-We found important evidence that inherited variation in iron metabolism is involved in cardiovascular death in postmenopausal women, especially in women already carrying classic risk factors.
Human Cloning and Our Sense of Self

This Viewpoint formulates and responds to three lines of argument concerning human reproductive cloning's potential to undermine our sense of self or identity. First, cloning would undermine our sense of individuality or uniqueness. But it could only undermine our genetic uniqueness, not our full individuality. Second, cloning would undermine the value or worth of human beings. But it would not make individuals replaceable or of any less moral worth. Third, a clone's freedom or autonomy to construct his or her own life would be undermined by the presence of an earlier twin. But only a mistaken belief in genetic determinism supports this feared loss of freedom.
Ketamine Increases Human Motor Cortex Excitability to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Subanaesthetic doses of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine have been shown to determine a dual modulating effect on glutamatergic transmission in experimental animals, blocking NMDA receptor activity and enhancing non‐NMDA transmission through an increase in the release of endogenous glutamate. Little is known about the effects of ketamine on the excitability of the human central nervous system. The effects of subanaesthetic, graded incremental doses of ketamine (0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 mg kg−1 min−1, i.v.) on the excitability of cortical networks of the human motor cortex were examined with a range of transcranial magnetic and electric stimulation protocols in seven normal subjects. Administration of ketamine at increasing doses produced a progressive reduction in the mean resting motor threshold (RMT) (F(3, 18) = 22.33, P < 0.001) and active motor threshold (AMT) (F(3, 18) = 12.17, P < 0.001). Before ketamine administration, mean RMT ±s.d. was 49 ± 3.3 % of maximum stimulator output and at the highest infusion level it was 42.6 ± 2.6 % (P < 0.001). Before ketamine administration, AMT ±s.d. was 38 ± 3.3 % of maximum stimulator output and at the highest infusion level it was 33 ± 4.4 % (P < 0.002). Ketamine also led to an increase in the amplitude of EMG responses evoked by magnetic stimulation at rest; this increase was a function of ketamine dosage (F(3, 18) = 5.29, P= 0.009). In contrast to responses evoked by magnetic stimulation, responses evoked by electric stimulation were not modified by ketamine. The differential effect of ketamine on responses evoked by magnetic and electric stimulation demonstrates that subanaesthetic doses of ketamine enhance the recruitment of excitatory cortical networks in motor cortex. Transcranial magnetic stimulation produces a high‐frequency repetitive discharge of pyramidal neurones and for this reason probably depends mostly on short‐lasting AMPA transmission. An increase in this transmission might facilitate the repetitive discharge of pyramidal cells after transcranial magnetic stimulation which, in turn, results in larger motor responses and lower thresholds. We suggest that the enhancement of human motor cortex excitability to transcranial magnetic stimulation is the effect of an increase in glutamatergic transmission at non‐NMDA receptors similar to that described in experimental studies.
An Internally-matched GaN HEMT Amplifier with 550-watt Peak Power at 3.5 GHz

A high-power amplifier using two 28.8-mm-periphery GaN HEMTs was demonstrated with all matching components inside the package. When biased at 55 V, a power bandwidth of 3.3-3.6 GHz was obtained, with 550-Wpeak output, 12.5-dB associated gain and 66% drain efficiency at 3.45 GHz
Expectation about Teamwork to Build a Knowledge Management System

— Gurus of the Classical Management School (like Taylor, Fayol and Ford) had an opinion that work must be delegated to the individual and the individual has to be instructed, his work assessed and paid based on individual performance. The theories of the Human Relations School have changed this mentality regarding the concept of groups. They came to the conclusion that the influence of groups greatly affects the behaviour and performance of its members. Group theories today are characterized by problem-solving teams and self-managing groups authorized to make decisions and execute; professional communities also play an important role during the operation of knowledge management systems. In this theoretical research we try to find answers to a question: what kind of characteristics (professional competencies, personal features, etc.) a successful team needs to manage a change to operate a knowledge management system step by step.