Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bacteriological contamination of eggs and eggshell quality in furnished cages and non-cage systems for laying hens : an international on-farm comparison

Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Technology and Food Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium; Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Animal Science Unit, Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium; Provincial Centre for Applied Poultry Research, Poiel 77, 2440 Geel, Belgium
The physiology of murine germinal center reactions

Summary: Germinal center responses are the mechanism that the immune system uses normally to generate high affinity antigen‐specific B‐cell receptors and secreted immunoglobulins. Genetically altered mice have provided powerful toots for dissecting the physiology of these germinal center responses. In this review, we have attempted to summarize information from various sources and interpret the new observations based ON what was previously known. A section is included to review the basic anatomy of the relevant slim lures in lymph node and spleen. A summary of the mutant mice producing a phenotype where germinal center responses are altered is also furnished. This review is aimed at providing useful information to those working in this field as well as those wishing to understand more about in vivo immunology.
Using image analytics to monitor retail store shelves

Using image analytics to monitor the contents and status of retail store shelves is an emerging trend with increasing business importance. Detecting and identifying multiple objects on store shelves involves a number of technical challenges. The particular nature of product package design, the arrangement of products on shelves, and the requirement to operate in unconstrained environments are just a few of the issues that must be addressed. We explain how we addressed these challenges in a system for monitoring planogram compliance, developed as part of a project with Tesco, a large multinational retailer. The new system offers store personnel an instant view of shelf status and a list of action items for restocking shelves. The core of the system is based on its ability to achieve high rates of product recognition, despite the very small visual differences between some products. This paper covers how state-of-the-art methods for object detection behave when applied to this problem. We also describe the innovative aspects of our implementation for size-scale-invariant product recognition and fine-grained classification.
Female competition: Causes, constraints, content, and contexts

Monogamy tends to equalise mate competition between the sexes. However, women show greater restraint in their use of direct intrasexual aggression, which, I argue, is a result of their higher parental investment and the consequently greater reproductive cost of injury or death. Women usually compete for mates by advertising qualities valued by men (beauty and sexual exclusiveness) and by using indirect means of denigrating rivals (through gossip and stigmatisation). However, where well‐resourced men are in short supply, women must find alternative sources of support or escalate their competition for male partners to physical levels. Data from criminology, psychology, evolutionary biology, and anthropology are used to support these proposals.
Risk‐preferring rats make worse decisions and show increased incubation of craving after cocaine self‐administration

Maladaptive decision‐making may play an integral role in the development and maintenance of an addiction. Substance‐dependent individuals make riskier choices on the Iowa Gambling Task, and these deficits persist during withdrawal and are predictive of relapse. However, it is unclear from clinical studies whether this cognitive impairment is a cause or consequence of drug use. We trained male Long‐Evans rats on the rat Gambling Task, a rodent analogue of the Iowa Gambling Task, to determine how choice preference influenced, and was influenced by, cocaine self‐administration, withdrawal and incubation of craving. Rats that exhibited a preference for the risky, disadvantageous options at baseline were uniquely and adversely affected by cocaine self‐administration. Risky choice was exacerbated in these rats when decision‐making was assessed during the same diurnal period as cocaine self‐administration, whereas the choice pattern of optimal decision‐makers was unaffected. This decision‐making deficit was maintained during 30 days of withdrawal and correlated with greater cue‐induced incubation of craving. Risk‐preferring rats also made more drug‐seeking responses during cocaine self‐administration. These data demonstrate that poor decision‐making prior to contact with addictive drugs is associated with a pro‐addictive behavioural phenotype, characterized by further increased risky choice and heightened responding for drug both during cocaine self‐administration and withdrawal. Such findings indicate that the elevated risky decision‐making observed in substance‐dependent populations is not merely circumstantial, but makes an important contribution to addiction vulnerability and severity that can now be effectively modelled in laboratory rats.
Floating Island and Thick Bottom Oxide Trench Gate MOSFET (FITMOS) -60V Ultra Low ON-Resistance Novel MOSFET with Superior Internal Body Diode-

A MOSFET structure named FITMOS has been successfully developed and exhibits record-low loss in the 60 volt breakdown voltage range. The device has a body diode with superior reverse recovery characteristics and exhibits an extremely small value for RonQgd. The distinctive feature of this device is the use of floating islands formed by self-alignment and trench gates with a thick oxide layer on the bottom. This structure can also be used for the terminal portion of the device, so the increase in the number of fabrication process steps is less than 5%. Moreover, the rate of non-defective-gates in 3-by-4-mm rectangular devices on an 8-inch wafer is at least 98%.
An analysis of harmonics from LED lamps

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are versatile, energy efficient when compared to the conventional light sources. LEDs represent a transformational change in how light is produced. However, there are significant differences between conventional lighting sources and LEDs in terms of voltage and current operating requirements which may affect the power quality (PQ) of AC mains supplying the LED bulbs. Therefore, this paper investigates harmonic generations from LED bulbs available in the market. It is done by conducting laboratory tests on various LED lamps and tapping the load current behaviour under different conditions. Then frequency domain analysis is performed to investigate the generated harmonics. Harmonic levels of different wattage, various branded LED bulbs are experimentally evaluated and compared. The results show that most of the LED lamps produce high level of harmonics with reference to the IEC 61000-3-2 standard.
Smartphone-based monitoring system for activities of daily living for elderly people and their relatives etc.

We developed a smartphone-based monitoring system to allay the anxiety of elderly people and that of their relatives, friends and caregivers by unobtrusively monitoring an elderly person's activities of daily living. A smartphone of the elderly person continuously recognizes indoor-outdoor activities by using only built-in sensors and uploads the activity log to a web server. By accessing the server, relatives etc. at remote locations can browse the log to make sure the elderly person is safe and sound. We conducted an evaluation experiment and confirmed that the proposed system had practical recognition accuracy and satisfied the users' needs.
Genetic variance in female condition predicts indirect genetic variance in male sexual display traits

During sexual encounters, individuals often use signals, such as display traits, to attract mates. If individuals alter their display traits with respect to the genotype of potential mates, indirect genetic effects (IGEs) may occur in which the genes of one individual influence the phenotype of another. Although IGEs between related individuals have received much attention, their occurrence between unrelated individuals during sexual encounters has not. Here, we demonstrate that in the Australian fruit fly Drosophila serrata, males assess females by using both visual and olfactory cues, resulting in a rapid plastic response (within minutes) in male cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), a display trait that is an important target of mate choice. Several CHCs in males exhibited significant IGEs, and IGEs were inducible on both males reared in the laboratory and on field-caught individuals. A vector describing genetic variance in multiple CHCs in females was found to be almost identical to a vector describing indirect genetic variance in male CHCs, suggesting that males might assess female CHCs during courtship. This vector displayed contributions from all female CHCs in the same direction and of similar magnitude, suggesting that female condition may be the underlying casual trait that males are assessing. Consistent with this interpretation, when measured directly in a separate experiment, genetic variance in female condition accounted for 19.8% of the indirect genetic variance in male CHCs. These indirect genetic effects have the potential to alter the response to selection of male sexual display traits.
' s personal copy Influencing behaviour : The mindspace way

The ability to influence behaviour is central to many of the key policy challenges in areas such as health, finance and climate change. The usual route to behaviour change in economics and psychology has been to attempt to ‘change minds’ by influencing the way people think through information and incentives. There is, however, increasing evidence to suggest that ‘changing contexts’ by influencing the environments within which people act (in largely automatic ways) can have important effects on behaviour. We present a mnemonic, MINDSPACE, which gathers up the nine most robust effects that influence our behaviour in mostly automatic (rather than deliberate) ways. This framework is being used by policymakers as an accessible summary of the academic literature. To motivate further research and academic scrutiny, we provide some evidence of the effects in action and highlight some of the significant gaps in our knowledge. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 0167-4870/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.joep. 2011.10. 009 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel. : +44 (0)2033127259. E-mail addresses: p.h. dolan@lse.ac.uk (P. Dolan), michael.hallsworth@instituteforgovernment.org. uk (M. Hallsworth), david.halpern@cabinet-office.x. gsi.gov. uk (D. Halpern), dominic.king05@imperial.ac.uk (D. King), robert.metcalfe@merton.ox. ac.uk (R. Metcalfe), i.vlaev@imperial.ac.uk (I. Vlaev). Journal of Economic Psychology 33 (2012) 264–277
Characterization of the biosynthesis, processing, and sorting of human HBP/CAP37/azurocidin

Azurocidin is a multifunctional endotoxin‐ binding serine protease homolog synthesized during the promyelocytic stage of neutrophil development. To characterize the biosynthesis and processing of azurocidin, cDNA encoding human preproazurocidin was stably transfected to the rat basophilic leukemia cell line RBL‐1 and the murine myeloblast‐like cell line 32D cl3; cell lines previously utilized to study the related proteins cathepsin G and proteinase 3. After 30 min of pulse radiolabeling, two forms of newly synthesized proazurocidin (34.5 and 37 kDa), differing in carbohydrate content but with protein cores of identical sizes, were recognized. With time, the 34.5‐kDa form disappeared, while the 37‐kDa form was further processed proteolytically, as judged by digestion with N‐glycosidase F. Conversion of high‐mannose oligosaccharides into complex forms was shown by acquisition of complete resistance to endoglycosidase H. Radiosequence analysis demonstrated that the amino‐terminal seven amino acid propeptide of proazurocidin was removed in a stepwise manner during processing; initial removal of five amino acids was followed by cleavage of a dipeptide. Presence of the protease inhibitors Gly‐Phe‐diazomethyl ketone, bestatin, or leupeptin inhibited only the cleavage of the dipeptide, thus indicating the involvement of at least two amino‐ terminal processing enzymes. Translocation of azurocidin to granules was shown by subcellular fractionation. Similar results, with efficient biosynthesis, processing, and targeting to granules in both cell lines, were obtained with a mutant form of human preproazurocidin lacking the amino‐terminal heptapropeptide. In conclusion, this investigation is an important addition to our previous studies on related azurophil granule proteins, and provides novel information concerning the biosynthesis and distinctive amino‐terminal processing of human azurocidin. J. Leukoc. Biol. 66: 634–643; 1999.
The American Association of Suicidology Is Suicide Bereavement Different ? A Reassessment of the Literature

The question of whether suicide bereavement is different from mourning after other types of deaths has important theoretical and clinical implications. Some recent literature reviews have argued that the differences may be minimal. In contrast, this article suggests that suicide bereavement is distinct in three significant ways: the thematic content of the grief, the social processes surrounding the survivor, and the impact suicide has on family systems. In addition, problems in the methodology used to compare different bereavement experiences are addressed. Some clinical implications of these conclusions, including the need for homogeneous support groups, psychoeducational services, and family and social network interventions are also discussed.
Atrophy of the residual alveolar ridge following tooth loss in an historical population.

OBJECTIVES To study the natural aetiopathology of jaw atrophy after tooth loss, unaltered by prosthetic procedures, an historical population without modern dental treatment was examined. METHODS Based on the hypothesis that there are predictable changes in shape during jaw-atrophy, frequency and degree of atrophy as well as clinical aspects of bone quality and resorption were determined in the skeletal remains of 263 individuals. The potential association between age and frequency/severity of atrophy was analysed. RESULTS Atrophy in at least one jaw segment was present in 45.2% of the analysed jaw specimens. The residual ridge underwent a series of changes in shape and height following the pattern of resorption described for modern populations. The severity of these alterations was associated with the age of the individual and the region within the jaw. Atrophy was frequently related to structural degradation of the covering cortical layer. CONCLUSIONS These findings prove that atrophy of the jaw evidently does occur, displaying similar patterns of resorption in a population without modern prosthetics, where the negative effect of ill-fitting dentures is excluded. The basic information about alterations of shape and the cortical layer covering the residual crest might help to provide a deeper insight into aetiopathological mechanisms of this common oral disease.
Bias in the Legal Profession: Self-Assessed versus Statistical Measures of Discrimination

Legal cases are won or lost on the basis of statistical discrimination measures, but workers’ perceptions of discriminatory behavior are important for understanding labor supply decisions. Workers who believe that they have been discriminated against are more likely to leave their employers, and workers’ perceptions of discrimination likely drive formal complaints to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Yet the relationship between statistical and self-assessed measures of discrimination is far from obvious. We expand on the previous literature by using data from the After the J.D. study to compare standard Blinder-Oaxaca measures of earnings discrimination to self-reported measures of client discrimination, other work-related discrimination, and harassment. Our results indicate that conventional measures of earnings discrimination are not closely linked to the racial and gender bias that new lawyers believe they have experienced on the job. Moreover, statistical earnings discrimination does not explain the disparity in self-assessed bias across gender and racial groups.
Monitoring of indoors human activities using mobile phone audio recordings

In this paper we present a methodology for monitoring of human activities in home using audio recordings captured from mobile phone. Specifically, after estimating a large set of audio features, unsupervised clustering is performed in order to extract feature subspaces. Human activity sound models were trained using different combinations of these subspaces. The best performance 92.46% was achieved using a neural network classifier.
Point-of-Care testing: guidelines and challenges.

patients. With the pressures to reduce hospital length of stay and with newer therapy options, the laboratory has been asked to decrease the turnaround time from sample to result. Therefore, point-of-care testing (POCT), testing near the patient or bedside, was developed to generate quicker results. The goal of POCT is to provide the clinician with rapid results, which can improve patient outcomes and quickly supply therapeutic interventions as compared to those results obtained from the core laboratory. Laboratory point-of-care testing is not new; however, it experienced a veritable explosion in manufacturing, clinical oversight, and regulations following the “waived provision” of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) of 1988. The number of laboratories holding a Certificate of Waiver increased from 67 294 in 1993 to 105 138 in 2004. In addition, the number of Medicare Part B waived tests performed increased from 14 million to over 23 million between the years 2000 and 2004. (See Table 1.) Inherent with POCT growth come challenges in performing high quality accurate testing. Decreasing laboratory errors and improving patient safety must also be considered as POCT increases. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) regulates laboratory testing on humans through CLIA to ensure quality testing. CLIA classifies tests as “waived complexity,” “moderate complexity,” and “high complexity” based upon criteria developed by the federal Department of Health and Human Services. Waived complexity tests are simple laboratory examinations that are approved for home use and which employ methodologies that are simple and accurate. They render the likelihood of erroneous results negligible or pose no risk of harm to the patient if the test is performed incorrectly. Quality standards for moderately and highly complex tests are designated for proficiency testing, patient test management, quality control, personnel qualifications, quality assurance, and quality control. The more complex the test, the more stringent the testing requirements. A complete listing of the tests by classification can be found on the website of the Center for Devices and Radiological Health of the US Food and Drug Administration. Point-of-Care Testing: Guidelines and Challenges
The Sunnybrook Stroke Study: a prospective study of depressive symptoms and functional outcome.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms, their clinical correlates, and the effects of depressive symptoms on stroke recovery, a relatively unselected, well-diagnosed cohort of consecutive stroke survivors was followed prospectively. METHODS Consecutive admissions to a regional stroke center who met World Health Organization and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke criteria for stroke were eligible. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain stem strokes were excluded. Patients underwent CT, single-photon emission CT, and standardized neurological and cognitive examinations at entry. At 3 months and 1 year after stroke, depressive symptoms were assessed with the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Functional outcome was measured with the Functional Independence Measure, and handicap was assessed by the Oxford Handicap Scale. RESULTS We assessed 436 patients at entry (mean +/- SD age, 74.9 +/- 11.6 years). There were 150 patients available for assessment at 3 months and 136 at 1 year. Marked depressive symptoms were noted in 22% (SDS) to 27% (MADRS) at 3 months and 21% (SDS) to 22% (MADRS) at 1 year. Patents with marked depressive symptoms had more neurological impairment (P<.008), were more likely to be female (P<.05), and were more likely to have previous histories of depression (P<.03). There was no relationship between depressive symptoms and age, lesion volume, or side of lesion. Depressive symptoms were correlated with functional outcome (r = -.31, P<.0001) and handicap (r = .41, P<.0001) at 3 months and 1 year (r= -.28, P<.001; r = .35, P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms and functional outcome are correlated. In view of the prevalence of depressive symptoms in this population, diagnosis and treatment of depression are important in optimizing recovery.
Stomach cancer incidence has halved over past 30 years in Britain

The annual number of new cases each year of stomach cancer in Great Britain has fallen by nearly half over the past 30 years, new figures released by Cancer Research UK show. The incidence fell from about 14 000 in 1975 to 7485 in 2006 but remains higher among men, with almost two (1.8) men with the disease to every woman. The number of new cases in men nearly halved since 1980, when a peak of nearly 8300 was reached, to around 4800 cases in 2006. The number of cases in women fell by more …
Fibroblast growth factor 2 increases Otx2 expression in precursor cells from mammalian telencephalon

Dissociated primary cultures from rat telencephalon at different developmental stages were used to study the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) on Otx2, Dlx1, and Emx1, three homeobox genes expressed in different regions of the developing mammalian forebrain. At embryonic day (E)13.5. the regional pattern of expression of Otx1, Otx2, Dlx1, Dlx2, Dlx5, and Emx1 is maintained in primary culture, suggesting that cells are already committed to a regional identity at this stage. In these cultures, Otx2 is expressed by precursor cells, whereas Dlx1 and Emx1 are predominantly expressed by postmitotic cells. We found that FGF2 increased Otx2 expression within precursor cells and the total number of Otx2-expressing cells. This effect was gene- specific, dose-dependent, and temporally regulated, with larger effects at earlier stages of development (E11.5). At E13.5, the effect of FGF2 on Otx2 expression was restricted to the basal telencephalon. Our results suggest that a restricted population of neuroblasts respond to FGF2 in a temporally regulated fashion by proliferating and increasing Otx2 expression. This interaction between FGF2 and Otx2 may be important for the regulation of neurogenesis in the forebrain.
Clinical aspects of myasthenia explained

Myasthenia gravis and myasthenic syndromes are diseases of the neuromuscular junction. Autoantibodies and toxins to or mutations in one of the synaptic proteins are the main causes of dysfunction. Myasthenic phenotypes can be classified according to the basic aetiological mechanisms or divided depending on the clinical phenotype.
Simulation of a coplanar circular circulator with a ferrite film

A hexagonal circulator with a coplanar structure and a thin film of ferrite is designed and analyzed using a three dimensional finite element method. The design contains several layers of materials. Simulation results are compared with measured ones, when circulation is obtained around 9 GHz. Our designed circulator with a ferrite film of 50 μm has a simulated insertion loss |S11| is 3 dB and isolation |S31| is 34 dB at central frequency 9.1445 GHz.