Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrothermal Effects in High Density through Silicon via (Tsv) Arrays

Electrothermal effects in various through silicon via (TSV) arrays are investigated in this paper. An equivalent lumped-element circuit model of a TSV pair is derived. The temperature-dependent TSV capacitance, silicon substrate capacitance and conductance are examined for low-, medium-, and high-resistivity silicon substrates, respectively. The partial-element equivalent-circuit (PEEC) method is employed for calculating per-unit-length (p.u.l.) resistance, inductance, insertion loss and characteristic impedances of copper and polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) TSV arrays, and their frequencyand temperature-dependent characteristics are treated rigorously. The modified time-domain finite-element method (TD-FEM), in the presence of a set of periodic differential-mode voltage pulses, is also employed for studying transient electrothermal responses of 4and 5-TSV arrays made of different materials, with their maximum temperatures and thermal crosstalk characterized thoroughly.
O ct 2 01 8 Extension of Discrete Mechanics towards Electromagnetism

The attempt to unify the laws of physics is approached from a discrete vision of space and time, abandoning the continuous medium paradigm that presided over the derivation of certain equations of physics Navier-Stokes. , Navier-Lamé, Maxwell, etc. Acceleration considered as an absolute quantity is expressed as a Hodge-Helmholtz decomposition, the sum of a solenoidal component and an irrotational component. Discrete mechanics, which has already unified mechanics in a relativistic formulation, is extended to electromagnetism with the same equation of motion expressed in terms of scalar and vector potentials. All the variables and parameters of this equation are described with only two fundamental units, those of length and time. The discrete equation makes it possible to account for persistent phenomena in the absence of any excitation, permanent magnetization, pressure, shear stress and purely unsteady effects such as magnetic induction, longitudinal and transversal wave propagation, differential rotation.
Recalibration of the MBH–σ⋆ Relation for AGN

We present a recalibration of the MBH–σ⋆ relation, based on a sample of 16 reverberation-mapped galaxies with newly determined bulge stellar velocity dispersions (σ⋆) from integral-field spectroscopy (IFS), and a sample of 32 quiescent galaxies with publicly available IFS. For both samples, σ⋆ is determined via two different methods that are popular in the literature, and we provide fits for each sample based on both sets of σ⋆. We find the fit to the active galactic nucleus sample is shallower than the fit to the quiescent galaxy sample, and that the slopes for each sample are in agreement with previous investigations. However, the intercepts to the quiescent galaxy relations are notably higher than those found in previous studies, due to the systematically lower σ⋆ measurements that we obtain from IFS. We find that this may be driven, in part, by poorly constrained measurements of bulge effective radius (re) for the quiescent galaxy sample, which may bias the σ⋆ measurements low. We use these quiescent galaxy parameterizations, as well as one from the literature, to recalculate the virial scaling factor f. We assess the potential biases in each measurement, and suggest f = 4.82 ± 1.67 as the best currently available estimate. However, we caution that the details of how σ⋆ is measured can significantly affect f, and there is still much room for improvement.
Who Is Responsible for the Gender Gap? The Dynamics of Men’s and Women’s Democratic Macropartisanship, 1950–2012

I argue the gender gap is a function of men and women changing their partisanship as they seek the best representation of their gendered social identity from the political parties. Specifically, shifts in the parties due to party realignments and shifts in the composition of parties’ congressional delegations have provided individuals with a clearer signal on which to base their partisan attachments. Men and women have responded differently to these signals and developed different political identities over the past seventy years, resulting in the gender gap in partisanship. To test this theory, I have constructed an innovative macro-level dataset of men’s and women’s partisan attachments on a quarterly basis between 1950 and 2012. I use a Seemingly Unrelated Regression framework to estimate patterns of men’s and women’s Democratic macropartisanship and whether particular factors contribute to the gender gap by having different effects on men’s and women’s partisanship. The results are consistent with my theoretical expectations, highlighting how symbolic images shape partisan attachments, and demonstrate the gender gap is a function of changes in both men’s and women’s macropartisanship.
Kinetic Pathways of β-Hairpin (Un)folding in Explicit Solvent

We examine the dynamical (un)folding pathways of the C-terminal β-hairpin of protein G-B1 at room temperature in explicit solvent, by employing transition path sampling algorithms. The path ensembles contain information on the folding kinetics, including solvent motion. We determine the transition state ensembles for the two main transitions: 1), the hydrophobic collapse; and 2), the backbone hydrogen bond formation. In both cases the transition state ensembles are characterized by a layer (1) or a strip (2) of water molecules in between the two hairpin strands, supporting the hypothesis of the solvent as lubricant in the folding process. The transition state ensembles do not correspond with saddle points in the equilibrium free-energy landscapes. The kinetic pathways are thus not completely determined by the free-energy landscape. This phenomenon can occur if the order parameters obey different timescales. Using the transition interface sampling technique, we calculate the rate constants for (un)folding and find them in reasonable agreement with experiments, thus supporting the validation of using all-atom force fields to study protein folding.
OPTIMISATION OF THE PORT OPERATION SYSTEM WITHIN DP WORLD AUSTRALIA

The paper summarises DP World’s experience in optimisation of container terminal activities on a network of container terminals in Australia by creating a single operating interface across all four DP World terminals in Australia. A single operating centre, as demonstrated by DP World in Australia, provides more efficient container terminal operations and standard service with reduced cost and increased efficiency of the overall logistic chain under a corporate environment. The paper also presents DP World Australia’s standardisation and optimisation of terminal users’ requests process that provides logistic users’ in addition of tracking of container flow, but also monitoring and tracking of a progress of their service requests related to container flow.
Not just another trait: Methods for the genetic analysis of gene expression

AYLOR, DAVID LAWRENCE. Not Just Another Trait: Methods for the Genetic Analysis of Gene Expression. (Under the direction of Zhao-Bang Zeng.) Gene expression refers to the process by which DNA is transcribed to mRNA. It is now possible to measure genome-wide transcript abundance in many genetically distinct individuals. Genetical genomics refers to the application of quantitative genetic techniques to such data. We present two analyses of gene expression in distinct experimental populations. We first present a method for a classical epistasis analysis that includes gene expression measurements. We propose a framework for estimating and interpreting epistasis that borrows from both classical and quantitative approaches. Regression analysis estimates the effects of gene deletions as well as interactions and significant effects are selected such that a reduced model describes each expression trait. We then show how the resulting models correspond to specific hierarchical relationships between two regulator genes and a target gene. These hierarchical relationships are the building blocks of systems diagrams and genetic pathways. Our framework can serve as a foundation for future epistasis analyses based on genomic data. Secondly, we analyze expression quantitative trait locus mapping (eQTL) results in a segregating yeast population. We use prior information about yeast pathways to group expression measurements and ask questions about pathway regulation. We find that while many genes share quantitative trait loci, sharing is not prevalent within pathway groups. We propose a possible explanation for our observations and describe how they fit in with previous interpretations of these data. Lastly, we present a tool for manipulating sequence data within a population. Our software enables the user to pull out important features from a multiple alignment such as variable sites, unique haplotypes, and insertions or deletions. The output is compatible with a number of existing tools for population genetic analysis. Not Just Another Trait: Methods for the Genetic Analysis of Gene Expression by David Lawrence Aylor A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Mercancía y hogar: la casa como no lugar

Esta investigacion tiene la finalidad de sacar a la luz uno de los mayores fenomenos que se han producido en la epoca contemporanea, a saber: la mercantilizacion del hogar. A la sazon de este proceso, la vivienda pasa de ser en centro de demarcacion entre lo publico y lo privado, asi como de la estipulacion de roles e identidad en el sujeto, a ser una mera mercancia que se define primordialmente por su capacidad de ser intercambiada en cualesquier momento. De esta forma, se transformara progresivamente, debido a su mercantilizacion, hasta pasar a tener el estatuto de no-lugar, es decir, devenir un espacio de anonimato y mera superficialidad. De manera que el hogar se convertira en espacio de encuentros furtivos, pasajeros y someros, cuyas relaciones se fundamentaran en el mero contrato y, por ende, en la mera pragmaticidad.
Método de avaliação de qualidade de vídeo por otimização condicionada.

This dissertation proposes two objective metrics for estimating human perception of quality for video subject to transmission degradation over packet networks. The first metric just uses traffic data while the second one uses both the degraded and the reference video sequences. That is, the latter is a full reference (FR) metric called Quadratic Combinational Metric (QCM) and the former one is a no reference (NR) metric called Viewing Quality Objective Metric (VQOM). In particular, the design procedure is applied to packet delay variation (PDV) impairments, whose compensation or control is very important to maintain quality. The NR metric is described by a cubic spline composed of two cubic polynomials that meet smoothly at a point called a knot. As the first step in the design of either metric, the spectators score a training set of degraded video sequences. The objective function for designing the NR metric includes the total square error between the scores and their parametric estimates, still regarded as algebraic expressions. In addition, the objective function is augmented by the addition of three equality constraints for the derivatives at the knot, whose position is specified within a fine grid of points between the minimum value and the maximum value of the degradation factor. These constraints are affected by Lagrange multipliers and added to the objective function to obtain the Lagrangian, which is minimized by the suboptimal polynomial coefficients determined as a function of each knot in the grid. Finally, the knot value is selected that yields the minimum square error. By means of the selected knot value, the final values of the polynomial coefficients are determined. On the other hand, the FR metric is a nonlinear combination of two popular metrics, namely, the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). A complete seconddegree two-variable polynomial is used for the combination since it is sensitive to both constituent metrics while avoiding overfitting. In the training phase, the set of values for the coefficients of this polynomial is determined by minimizing the mean square error to the opinions over the training database. Both metrics, the VQOM and the QCM, are trained and validated using one database and tested with a different one. The test results are compared with recent NR and FR metrics by means of correlation coefficients, obtaining favorable results for the proposed metrics.
Confusion, Hyperactive Delirium, and Secondary Mania in Right Hemispheric Strokes: A Focused Review of Neuroanatomical Correlates

Affective and behavioral neuropsychiatric disturbances are frequently encountered in post-stroke patients. While the neural correlates of conditions such as post-stroke depression and apathy have been well investigated, confusion, hyperactive delirium, and secondary mania are less well detailed. In This article, a case of right hemispheric stroke presenting with acute confusion and agitation is described to introduce the topic, followed by a focused review of the post-stroke right hemispheric lesional correlates of non-agitated confusion, hyperactive delirium, and secondary mania. These three post-stroke syndromes have both overlapping and non-overlapping structural components. Non-agitated confusional states may preferentially involve higher order perceptual/attentional association cortices (parietal, occipital, prefrontal) and related subcortical connections. Right hemispheric post-stroke patients with hyperactive delirium often share similar lesion sites, but also have a greater tendency to involve limbic related medial temporal lobe structures. Lesions particularly associated with secondary mania include orbitofrontal-subcortical circuits and medial temporal lobe structures.
Exploring the relationship between sanitation and mental and social well-being : A systematic review and qualitative synthesis

The WHO defines health not as the absence of disease but as a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. ” To date, public health research on sanitation has focused mainly on the impact of sanitation on infectious diseases and related sequelae, such as diarrhea and malnutrition. This review focuses on the mental and social well-being implications of sanitation. We systematically searched leading databases to identify eligible studies. Qualitative studies were assessed using a 17-point checklist adapted from existing tools, while quantitative studies were assessed using the Liverpool Quality Appraisal Tool. We followed a best-fit framework synthesis approach using six a priori well-being dimensions (privacy, shame, anxiety, fear, assault, and safety), which were examined using line-by-line coding. Two additional dimensions (dignity and embarrassment) inductively emerged during coding for a total of eight well-being outcomes. We then synthesized coded text for each dimension into descriptive themes using thematic analysis. For quantitative studies, we extracted any measures of association between sanitation and well-being. We identified 50 eligible studies covering a variety of populations and sanitation contexts but many studies were conducted in India (N=14) and many examined the sanitation experience for women and girls (N= 19). Our synthesis results in a preliminary conceptual model in which privacy and safety, including assault, are root well-being dimensions. When people perceive or experience a lack of privacy or safety during open defecation or when using sanitation infrastructure, this can negatively influence their mental and social well-being. We found that perceptions and experiences of privacy and safety are influenced by contextual and individual factors, such as location of sanitation facilities and user's gender identity, respectively. Privacy and safety require thorough examination when developing sanitation interventions and policy to ensure a positive influence on the user's mental and social well-being.
Do We Need to Observe Features to Perform Feature Selection?

Many feature selection methods were developed in the past, but in the core, they all work the same way — you pass a set of features to the algorithm and get a reduced set of the features. But can we perform a non-trivial feature selection without first observing the features? This is an important question because if we were actually able to predict feature importance before observing the features, we would reduce computation requirements of all stages of machine learning process beginning with feature engineering. In this article, we argue that it is possible to predict feature importance before feature vector observation. The trick is that we use meta-features about the features to perform the feature selection. We evaluate the concept on 15 relational databases. On average, it was enough to generate the top decile of all features to get the same model accuracy as if we generated all features and passed them to the model.
The good and the bad in remittance flows

Remittances have risen spectacularly in recent decades, capturing the attention of researchers and policymakers and spurring debate on their pros and cons. Remittances can improve the well-being of family members left behind and boost the economies of receiving countries. They can also create a culture of dependency in the receiving country, lowering labor force participation, promoting conspicuous consumption, and slowing economic growth. A better understanding of their impacts is needed in order to formulate specific policy measures that will enable developing economies to get the greatest benefit from these monetary inflows.
in DRO : 23 April 2015 Version of attached le : Other Peer-review status of attached

Very high energy γ-ray observations of distant active galactic nuclei (AGN) generally result in higher fluxes and harder spectra than expected, resulting in some tension with the level of the extragalactic background light (EBL). If hypothetical axions or axion-like particles (ALPs) were to exist, this tension could be relieved since the oscillation of photons to ALPs would mitigate the effects of EBL absorption and lead to softer inferred intrinsic AGN spectra. In this paper we consider the effect of photon-ALP mixing on observed spectra, including the photon-ALP mixing that would occur within AGN jets. We then simulate observations of three AGN with the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), a next generation γ-ray telescope, to determine its prospects for detecting the signatures of photon-ALP mixing on the spectra. We conclude that prospects for CTA detecting these signatures or else setting limits on the ALP parameter space are quite promising. We find that prospects are improved if photon-ALP mixing within the jet is properly considered and that the best target for observations is PKS 2155-304.
Estimation of amplitude and phase of non-stationary signals

We consider the problem of estimating signals consisting of one or more components of the form a(t)e/sup j//spl phi/(t/), where the amplitude and phase functions are represented by a linear parametric model. A maximum likelihood algorithm for estimating the phase and amplitude parameters is presented, and the corresponding Cramer Rao bound (CRB) is derived. By analyzing the CRB for the single-component case it is shown that the estimation of the amplitude and the phase are decoupled. The performance of the maximum likelihood algorithm is illustrated by Monte-Carlo simulations, and its statistical efficiency is verified. <<ETX>>
Practical implementation of a concurrent trimming approach for manganin shunt resistors

As electrical energy prices continue to rise each year, accurate energy consumption monitoring becomes increasingly important. Therefore, there is a growing demand for high precision, low value shunt resistors in order to measure the flow of electrical current in applications such as smart energy meters and electric vehicle charging stations. This paper will discusses the concurrent trimming approach using machining to reduce the standard ±5% tolerance of 100μΩ Manganin shunt resistors which is used in metering applications. The experimental results reveal that the concurrent trimming approach can reduce the standard trimming time by more than 50% more than half the normal trimming time. The resistance value of shunt is obtained approximately at 100μΩ and is in the range of targeted value of 100μΩ with tolerance of less than ±5%.
Implementing Downsizing Reforms in County Governments

This study examined the implementation of downsizing reforms in U.S. county governments to understand popular strategies considered and to test related influence factors. Based on the analysis of data from a national survey, this study examines the implementation of different downsizing reform strategies and tests the influence of individual and organizational factors on the use of downsizing strategies. The descriptive statistics revealed that county governments are conservative in the implementation of downsizing strategies: the top three strategies are redesigning jobs and positions, combining agency units, and simplifying rules and procedures. Factor analysis results indicated three downsizing groups that support the interest in applying different strategies in structural and cultural changes. The findings of multivariate regression analyses showed that the size of the county budget and the population are related to the downsizing group, which preferred introducing buy-out packages and introducing bottom-up changes. Implications of the research findings are presented for future studies of public management reforms.
A new model for the X-ray continuum of the magnetized accreting pulsars

Accreting highly magnetized pulsars in binary systems are among the brightest X-ray emitters in our Galaxy. Although a number of high statistical quality broad-band (0.1-100 keV) X-ray observations are available, the spectral energy distribution of these sources is usually investigated by adopting pure phenomenological models, rather than models linked to the physics of accretion. In this paper, a detailed spectral study of the X-ray emission recorded from the high-mass X-ray binary pulsars Cen X-3, 4U 0115+63, and Her X-1 is carried out by using BeppoSAX and joined Suzaku+NuStar data, together with an advanced version of the compmag model. The latter provides a physical description of the high energy emission from accreting pulsars, including the thermal and bulk Comptonization of cyclotron and bremsstrahlung seed photons along the neutron star accretion column. The compmag model is based on an iterative method for solving second-order partial differential equations, whose convergence algorithm has been improved and consolidated during the preparation of this paper. Our analysis shows that the broad-band X-ray continuum of all considered sources can be self-consistently described by the compmag model. The cyclotron absorption features, not included in the model, can be accounted for by using Gaussian components. From the fits of the compmag model to the data we inferred the physical properties of the accretion columns in all sources, finding values reasonably close to those theoretically expected according to our current understanding of accretion in highly magnetized neutron stars. The updated version of the compmag model has been tailored to the physical processes that are known to occur in the columns of highly magnetized accreting neutron stars and it can thus provide a better understanding of the high energy radiation from these sources.