Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisión: mecanismos moleculares de la neurofibromatosis tipo 2

En este trabajo presentamos una revision sobre hallazgos mas relevantes de la neurofibromatosis tipo 2 (NF2), la cual se conoce por ser un desorden autosomico dominante caracterizado por la presencia de schwannomas vestibulares bilaterales, aunque pueden presentarse otros tumores como meningiomas y ependimomas. Esta enfermedad es causada por diversas mutaciones en el gen NF2, mismo que codifica una proteina conocida como merlina o schwannomina. Merlina esta relacionada estructuralmente con la familia de proteinas ERM (Ezrina-Radixina- Moesina), encargadas de acoplar las senales provenientes de las glucoproteinas de la membrana plasmatica con el citoesqueleto de actina. El gen NF2 es considerado como un supresor de tumores, y las evidencias indican que merlina funciona regulando la proliferacion y el crecimiento celular. Sin embargo, los mecanismos especificos por medio de los cuales merlina cumple con su funcion siguen siendo un enigma. Se han identificado diversas moleculas que interactuan con merlina, lo que ha proporcionado indicios acerca de los diversos procesos celulares en los cuales esta molecula participa. Entre las proteinas que interactuan con merlina se incluyen proteinas de funcion estructural, receptores de membrana plasmatica, proteinas citosolicas, GTPasas y adaptadores citoesqueleticos. Las mutaciones en el gen NF2 afectan la funcionalidad de merlina, lo que produce alteraciones en los mecanismos de accion de merlina dando como origen a la NF2. Son necesarios mas estudios para determinar con certeza el papel de merlina en el control de la proliferacion celular
Potential Intrathecal Leakage of Solutions Injected into the Epidural Space following Combined Spinal Epidural Anaesthesia

A combined spinal epidural anaesthetic (CSE), by design, produces a deliberate multicompartment block across a breached dural membrane. Since the lateral holes of the epidural catheter may lie in close proximity to the dural puncture site, a bolus solution of drug injected via the epidural catheter has the potential to leak through the dural puncture into the subarachnoid space. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of intrathecal leak by performing an epidurogram. Fifteen patients undergoing surgery with a CSE anaesthetic using a 16 gauge Tuohy/26 gauge pencil point needle were studied. Within three hours of catheter insertion, 12 ml of contrast (iohexol 300 mg/ml) was injected via the epidural catheter under fluoroscopic control with screen recording and exposure of lateral and anteroposterior X-ray plates. All films were later reviewed for evidence of intrathecal spread. We did not observe any evidence of intrathecal spread of contrast. However, caution should be observed during administration of an intraoperative bolus dose of analgesic agent via a catheter inserted as part of a combined spinal epidural anaesthetic technique, particularly with the use of hydrophilic opiods.
Trans-sodium crocetinate enhancing survival and glioma response on magnetic resonance imaging to radiation and temozolomide.

OBJECT Glioblastoma (GB) tumors typically exhibit regions of hypoxia. Hypoxic areas within the tumor can make tumor cells less sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Trans-sodium crocetinate (TSC) has been shown to transiently increase oxygen to hypoxic brain tumors. The authors examined whether this improvement in intratumor oxygenation translates to a therapeutic advantage when delivering standard adjuvant treatment to GBs. METHODS The authors used C6 glioma cells to create a hypoxic GB model. The C6 glioma cells were stereotactically injected into the rat brain to create a tumor. Fifteen days later, MR imaging was used to confirm the presence of a glioma. The animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: 1) temozolomide alone (350 mg/m(2)/day for 5 days); 2) temozolomide and radiation therapy (8 Gy); or 3) TSC (100 microg/kg for 5 days), temozolomide, and radiation therapy. Animals were followed through survival studies, and tumor response was assessed on serial MR images obtained at 15-day intervals during a 2-month period. RESULTS Mean survival (+/- SEM) of the temozolomide-alone and the temozolomide/radiotherapy groups was 23.2 +/- 0.9 and 29.4 +/- 4.4 days, respectively. Mean survival in the TSC/temozolomide/radiotherapy group was 39.8 +/- 6 days, a statistically significant improvement compared with either of the other groups (p < 0.05). Although tumor size was statistically equivalent in all groups at the time of treatment initiation, the addition of TSC to temozolomide and radiotherapy resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the MR imaging-documented mean tumor size at 30 days after tumor implantation. The mean tumor size in the TSC/temozolomide/radiotherapy group was 18.9 +/- 6.6 mm(2) compared with 42.1 +/- 2.7 mm(2) in the temozolomide-alone group (p = 0.047) and 35.8 +/- 5.1 mm(2) in the temozolomide/radiation group (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS In a hypoxic GB model, TSC improves the radiological and clinical effectiveness of temozolomide and radiation therapy. Further investigation of this oxygen diffusion enhancer as a radiosensitizer for hypoxic brain tumors seems warranted.
Improving low-light CMOS performance with four-transistor four-shared pixel architecture and charge-domain binning

A new architecture found in the KODAK KAC-3100 CMOS Image Sensor has been created to dramatically improve CMOS image performance in mobile applications. The method of operation and implementation is explained and the improvement of performance parameters on image quality is discussed. The benefits of the new architecture are discussed in relation to competitive CMOS technologies used in high-demanding mobile imaging applications today.
Desarrollo comunitario y potenciación (empowerment)

La conferencia de Swampscott celebrada en 1965 en Boston marca el nacimiento de la psicologia comunitaria. A partir de este hito, los esfuerzos por sentar las bases cientificas de esta joven y nueva disciplina orientada a la resolucion de los problemas sociales, son muy numerosos e importantes. Asi, un psicologo comunitario llamado Julian Rappaport desarrolla casi dos decadas despues de la constitucion formal de la disciplina, una aportacion fundamental. Desde la Universidad de Illinois, Rappaport se preocupa por dotar a la disciplina de una teoria valida que explique su campo de conocimiento y que sirva de guia a la investigacion y actuacion cientifica. Se trata de la teoria del empowerment, que refleja no solo los valores sobre los que se sustenta la intervencion comunitaria sino que es una teoria que proporciona unos conceptos y unos principios que sirven para organizar el conocimiento sobre el objeto de la disciplina. Sobre la base de esta doble perspectiva del empowerment, estudiaremos en primer lugar, el empowerment como orientacion de los valores para analizar posteriormente dicho concepto como teoria, prestando especial atencion al desarrollo que ha realizado a este respecto, Marc Zimmerman de la Universidad de Michigan.
A biologically inspired neurocomputational model for audiovisual integration and causal inference

Recently, experimental and theoretical research has focused on the brain's abilities to extract information from a noisy sensory environment and how cross‐modal inputs are processed to solve the causal inference problem to provide the best estimate of external events. Despite the empirical evidence suggesting that the nervous system uses a statistically optimal and probabilistic approach in addressing these problems, little is known about the brain's architecture needed to implement these computations. The aim of this work was to realize a mathematical model, based on physiologically plausible hypotheses, to analyze the neural mechanisms underlying multisensory perception and causal inference. The model consists of three layers topologically organized: two encode auditory and visual stimuli, separately, and are reciprocally connected via excitatory synapses and send excitatory connections to the third downstream layer. This synaptic organization realizes two mechanisms of cross‐modal interactions: the first is responsible for the sensory representation of the external stimuli, while the second solves the causal inference problem. We tested the network by comparing its results to behavioral data reported in the literature. Among others, the network can account for the ventriloquism illusion, the pattern of sensory bias and the percept of unity as a function of the spatial auditory–visual distance, and the dependence of the auditory error on the causal inference. Finally, simulations results are consistent with probability matching as the perceptual strategy used in auditory–visual spatial localization tasks, agreeing with the behavioral data. The model makes untested predictions that can be investigated in future behavioral experiments.
Robust digital watermarking by image decomposition marca d'água digital robusta via decomposiçâo de imagens

Digital watermarking is a technique that can be utilized for authenticity verification or for the copyright protection of digital data. The finality to which the technique will be utilized is that determines if the method of watermarking must be fragile or robust. The robust watermarking schemes are usually utilized for the copyright protection, so, these schemes must be resistant to attacks. To obtain more robustness, the techniques of watermarking embed the watermark in the points more significant of the data. In this work is presented a technique of watermarking applied to digital images. The technique consists in decomposing a image in part structural and in part of details (textures, edges, noises) that are the components more significant of a image. After the decomposition is done, the watermark is embedded in the part of details, which is added the structural part and then obtained the watermarked image. The process to watermarking image is based in techniques to spread spectrum and utilizes the transformed discrete cosine. Tests were done and demonstrate that the technique proposes proportions good results.
Observed mechanisms for turbulence attenuation and enhancement in opposition-controlled wall-bounded flows

Opposition control is a simple method used to attenuate near-wall turbulence and reduce drag in wall-bounded turbulent flows [H. Choi, P. Moin, and J. Kim, J. Fluid Mech. 262, 75 (1994)]. This method employs blowing and suction at the wall in opposition to the wall-normal fluid velocity a small distance from the wall. Results from direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow indicate that, when the control at the wall is based on detection of the wall-normal velocity in a plane sufficiently close to the wall, the opposition control strategy establishes a “virtual wall,” i.e., a plane that has approximately no through flow, halfway between the detection plane and the wall. As a consequence, drag is reduced about 25%. When the detection plane is at a greater distance from the wall, a virtual wall is not established, and the blowing and suction increase the drag significantly.
Contribution of the Na 1K 1-2 Cl 2 cotransporter NKCC 1 to Cl 2 secretion in rat OMCD

Wall, Susan M. , Michael P. Fischer, Pramod Mehta, Kathryn A. Hassell, and Stanley J. Park. Contribution of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 to Cl secretion in rat OMCD. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 280: F913–F921, 2001. —In rat kidney the “secretory” isoform of the Na-K2Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) localizes to the basolateral membrane of the a-intercalated cell. The purpose of this study was to determine whether rat outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) secretes Cl and whether transepithelial Cl transport occurs, in part, through Cl uptake across the basolateral membrane mediated by NKCC1 in series with Cl efflux across the apical membrane. OMCD tubules from rats treated with deoxycorticosterone pivalate were perfused in vitro in symmetrical HCO3/CO2-buffered solutions. Cl secretion was observed in this segment, accompanied by a lumen positive transepithelial potential. Bumetanide (100 mM), when added to the bath, reduced Cl secretion by 78%, although the lumen positive transepithelial potential and fluid flux were unchanged. Bumetanide-sensitive Cl secretion was dependent on extracellular Na and either K or NH4, consistent with the ion dependency of NKCC1-mediated Cl transport. In conclusion, OMCD tubules from deoxycorticosterone pivalate-treated rats secrete Cl into the luminal fluid through NKCC1-mediated Cl uptake across the basolateral membrane in series with Cl efflux across the apical membrane. The physiological role of NKCC1-mediated Cl uptake remains to be determined. However, the role of NKCC1 in the process of fluid secretion could not be demonstrated.
Value of a risk scoring tool to predict respiratory syncytial virus disease severity and need for hospitalization in term infants

Several environmental and demographic risk factors have been validated and are used to determine the risk of acquiring severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and subsequent hospitalization in late preterm infants born at 33–35 weeks gestational age. The applicability of the same composite model of risk factors in the term population has not been fully explored. The primary objective of this pilot study was to establish whether a risk scoring tool (RST), could predict the severity of RSV infection in term, RSV‐positive infants who were hospitalized. A retrospective observational study was conducted in a pediatric unit, over 2 RSV seasons (2011–2013). A convenient sample of 72 children was selected out of a total of 111 RSV‐positive cases after exclusions. The RST was applied and a score of respiratory disease severity was determined for each patient. Demographic characteristics were analyzed by standard descriptive methods, χ2 analysis was utilized for categorical data and ANOVA for comparison between the clinical severity groups and the RST score. A P‐value <0.05 was considered significant. Sixty per cent (n = 43) of all infants scored in the low‐risk category compared to 26% (n = 19) in the moderate and 14% (n = 10) in the high‐risk groups. RST scores were also inconsistent with disease severity. Mean (SD) RST scores for those with mild, moderate, and severe illness were 47.8 [16.4], 41.1 [20.39] and, 41.7 [19.8], respectively (P = 0.17). In conclusion, the RST did not predict accurately the clinical severity of RSV bronchiolitis in term infants nor did it correlate with risk for RSV‐related hospitalization. J. Med. Virol. 87:1285–1291, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chronic radiation exposure of neuroblastoma cells reduces nMYC copy number

Neuroblastoma accounts for >15% of cancer-associated mortalities of children in the USA. Despite aggressive treatment regimens, the long-term survival for these children remains <40%. The identification of v-Myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma-derived homolog (nMYC) gene amplification during diagnosis is associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. There are limited studies examining changes in nMYC copy numbers in response to therapy and its biological effect on cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of radiation on nMYC expression and amplification status in high-risk neuroblastoma. The effect of acute (5 Gy) and chronic (25 Gy) radiation on two nMYC-amplified cell lines, SK-N-BE (2) and NB-1691, was investigated. The results demonstrate that, following chronic but not acute radiation, the two cell lines regained their proliferation potential similar to the controls. This increased proliferation was characterized by loss of nMYC mRNA and protein expression. It was also revealed that nMYC loss was accompanied by nuclear localization of c-Myc. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, the results of the present study demonstrated that chronic radiation causes a severe loss of nMYC gene copy number. The present study is the first to provide experimental evidence that prolonged radiation therapy affects nMYC gene copy number in high-risk neuroblastoma but does not significantly improve the prognostic outlook.
De la scientificité des théories issues de la recherche en comptabilité financière

Pour juger de leur scientificite, les auteurs appliquent la grille d'analyse de l'epistemologue Gilles-Gaston Granger a trois textes consideres comme representatifs de chacun des trois grands courants theoriques (descriptif, normatif et explicatif) de la recherche comptable : le chapitre 11 intitule "Inductive derived principles" de l'ouvrage "Structure of Accounting Theory" de A. C. Littleton (1953), l'article "Blueprint for a Theory of Accounting" de R.J. Chambers (1955), l'article "Towards a Positive Accounting Theory of the Determination of Accounting Standards" de R.L. Watts et J.L. Zimmerman (1978.
Mongo2SPARQL: Automatic and semantic query conversion of MongoDB query language to SPARQL

In the last decades, the web has experienced a quantitative explosion of digital data handled by companies or organizations, prompting web users to switch to NoSQL system dedicated to Big Data in order to support large web sites destined for a very big audience due to the scalability and high availability of this system. In the other hand, the semantic web technologies has emerged with their considerable performance in data management by giving the web information a well-defined meaning, and allowing machines to intelligently access to different data sources. However, there is no bridge or an open extension toward these two systems; in addition, each NoSQL database has its own query language and does not support the standards of other systems (such as semantic web). All these reasons have motivated us to operate in this topic in order to unify the NoSQL query language and contribute in the interoperability of the both world with a specific focus on MongoDB as the most used NoSQL document oriented database by proposing the first provably semantic preserving algorithm named Mongo2SPARQL which transform MongoDB query language queries to its equivalent SPARQL ones based on the grammar of both languages.
Eutrophication and Bacterial Pathogens as Risk Factors for Avian Botulism Outbreaks in Wetlands Receiving Effluents from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants

ABSTRACT Due to the scarcity of water resources in the “Mancha Húmeda” Biosphere Reserve, the use of treated wastewater has been proposed as a solution for the conservation of natural threatened floodplain wetlands. In addition, wastewater treatment plants of many villages pour their effluent into nearby natural lakes. We hypothesized that certain avian pathogens present in wastewater may cause avian mortalities which would trigger avian botulism outbreaks. With the aim of testing our hypothesis, 24 locations distributed in three wetlands, two that receive wastewater effluents and one serving as a control, were monitored during a year. Sediment, water, water bird feces, and invertebrates were collected for the detection of putative avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), Salmonella spp. , Clostridium perfringens type A, and Clostridium botulinum type C/D. Also, water and sediment physicochemical properties were determined. Overall, APEC, C. perfringens, and C. botulinum were significantly more prevalent in samples belonging to the wetlands which receive wastewater. The occurrence of a botulism outbreak in one of the studied wetlands coincided with high water temperatures and sediment 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), a decrease in water redox potential, chlorophyll a, and sulfate levels, and an increase in water inorganic carbon levels. The presence of C. botulinum in bird feces before the onset of the outbreak indicates that carrier birds exist and highlights the risk of botulinum toxin production in their carcasses if they die by other causes such as bacterial diseases, which are more probable in wastewater wetlands.
Aproximación a una metódica para la aplicación de la bioética en ciencias de la salud

La ruptura entre el saber cientifico y social que ha dividido las ciencias, exige la busqueda de respuestas a los dilemas eticos que comprometen el orden natural y de la vida; esto lleva a un reordenamiento epistemico y axiologico de las ciencias de la salud, que considera la actuacion del hombre, sus beneficios y temores. Esta vision de formacion humanistica, plantea la necesidad de abrir y propiciar espacios que fortalezcan en el profesional de la salud el trato respetuoso a sus pacientes la responsabilidad frente al trabajo y el liderazgo en un marco etico ciudadano. La bioetica centrada en sus principios fundamentales: autonomia, justicia, beneficencia y no maleficencia; logra la aproximacion entre disciplinas para abordar en forma racional y dialogica los problemas generados por el desarrollo cientifico, tecnologico y sus consecuencias. Este senalamiento, introduce la bioetica como un paradigma alternativo, al sumar capacidad de interconexion y complementariedad entre los procesos tecnicos-cientificos, el ejercicio profesional y la intencion del servicio que la caracteriza, a fin de articular el orden cientifico y humano en una unidad indisoluble. En atencion a estos planteamientos, surge el objetivo de este articulo, el cual se centra en analizar la bioetica a la luz de los principios que la direccionan con el fin de aproximarlo a un paradigma alternativo. En conclusion, la bioetica como ciencia practica, se encuentra presente en la cotidianidad del ejercicio de los profesionales de salud, mediando entre dos procesos: la investigacion y la asistencia, basada en el respeto, confianza y responsabilidad, los cuales se concretan a traves de un comportamiento regido por principios bioeticos, entendidos como hilos conductores abstractos, centrados en la dignidad del ser humano donde las personas son fines en si misma y como tal deben tratarse.
Observation of the ψ(1 3D2) State in e+e-→π+π-γχc1 at BESIII.

We report the observation of the X(3823) state in the process e+e-→π+π-X(3823)→π+π-γχc1 with a statistical significance of 6. 2σ, in data samples at center-of-mass energies sqrt[s]=4.230, 4.260, 4.360, 4.420, and 4.600 GeV collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII electron positron collider. The measured mass of the X(3823) state is (3821.7±1.3±0.7) MeV/c2, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic, and the width is less than 16 MeV at the 90% confidence level. The products of the Born cross sections for e+e-→π+π-X(3823) and the branching ratio B[X(3823)→γχc1,c2] are also measured. These measurements are in good agreement with the assignment of the X(3823) state as the ψ(1 3D2) charmonium state.