Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-Temperature Ohmic Contact Formation in AlN/GaN HEMT Using Microwave Annealing

In this brief, a low-temperature microwave annealing (MWA) method is demonstrated for the formation of ohmic contact to AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for the first time. Compared with the traditional rapid thermal annealing (RTA) technique, MWA-HEMT can achieve a comparable low ohmic contact resistance with much smoother surface of ohmic contacts. Transmission electron microscopy results show that no direct current path connecting the 2-D electron gas and the metal is formed. Temperature-dependent contact resistance measurement indicates that field emission tunneling dominates the current transport mechanism in ohmic contact formation. The maximum dc output current density of 1.4 A/mm and the peak extrinsic transconductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${G}_{\textsf {m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 270 mS/mm are measured on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${2} \times {8} \,\,{\sf \mu } $ </tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m^2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gate MWA-HEMTs. Besides, MWA-HEMTs have higher <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{ ON}}/{I}_{ \mathrm{ OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratio due to the lower gate leakage current than that of RTA-HEMTs.
Inhibition of the HERG channel by droperidol depends on channel gating and involves the S6 residue F656.

BACKGROUND Droperidol has a central antiemetic action and is widely used in the fields of psychiatry, anesthesia, and emergency medicine. It has been associated with prolongation of the QT interval of the electrocardiogram, and it may also be associated with torsades de pointes and sudden death. Although QT prolongation is consistent with droperidol-induced increases in cardiac ventricular action potential duration, the cellular mechanism for these observations has not been clearly studied. The rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium channel, IKr, is a primary site of action of drugs causing QT prolongation and is encoded by the human-ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG). To determine the mechanism underlying these clinical findings, we investigated the effect of droperidol on human HERG potassium channels. METHODS Wild type and mutant HERG channels were heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, and the current was recorded by using whole cell patch clamp technique (22-24 degrees C). RESULTS HERG tail currents following test pulses to 50 mV were inhibited by droperidol with an IC(50) of 77.3 +/- 9.6 nM (n = 8). The onset of block was fast and inhibition was completely reversible upon washout. Droperidol affected HERG channels mainly in their open and inactivated states. The effects were use-dependent with a stronger steady-state level of block at higher frequencies. The activation curve was slightly shifted towards more negative potentials (P < 0.05, n = 8) and the time course of inactivation was significantly decreased (P < 0.05, n = 8) by 100 nM droperidol. But there was no relevant effect on HERG channel deactivation. The potency for block of HERG channels by droperidol was significantly decreased with mutation of Phe-656 to Thr or mutation of Ser-631 to Ala, respectively. However, mutation of Phe-656 to Met or the double mutation F656M/S631A had no effect on channel sensitivity to block by droperidol. CONCLUSIONS Droperidol potently inhibits transfected HERG channels and this is the probable mechanism for QT prolongation. Channel blockade shows greatest affinity for the open and inactivated state. Aromatic residue at position 656 may participate in droperidol binding, and inactivation gating can induce a conformational state that optimizes droperidol binding to the channel.
Essential fatty acids: biochemistry, physiology and pathology

Essential fatty acids (EFAs), linoleic acid (LA), and α‐linolenic acid (ALA) are essential for humans, and are freely available in the diet. Hence, EFA deficiency is extremely rare in humans. To derive the full benefits of EFAs, they need to be metabolized to their respective long‐chain metabolites, i.e., dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA) from LA; and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from ALA. Some of these long‐chain metabolites not only form precursors to respective prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs), but also give rise to lipoxins (LXs) and resolvins that have potent anti‐inflammatory actions. Furthermore, EFAs and their metabolites may function as endogenous angiotensin‐converting enzyme and 3‐hdroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, nitric oxide (NO) enhancers, anti‐hypertensives, and anti‐atherosclerotic molecules. Recent studies revealed that EFAs react with NO to yield respective nitroalkene derivatives that exert cell‐signaling actions via ligation and activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors. The metabolism of EFAs is altered in several diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Thus, EFAs and their derivatives have varied biological actions and seem to be involved in several physiological and pathological processes.
Phase-related morphological changes induced by [His7]-corazonin in two species of locusts, Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Abstract The effects of a neurohormone, [His7]-corazonin, on phase-related morphological traits (F/C and E/F ratios; F = length of the hind femur, C = maximum width of the head; E = length of fore wing) were re-examined in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskål. The F/C ratio was significantly different between adults with five and six nymphal instars, respectively, indicating that they need to be analysed separately. Injections of the synthesized peptide (1 nmol) into individually-reared (solitary) nymphs at the second and third instars caused a shift in classical morphometric ratio towards the value typical for crowded (gregarious) individuals in both sexes. The E/F ratio, which is smaller in solitary locusts than in gregarious ones, was also influenced significantly by injections of [His7]-corazonin into individually-reared locusts. The effect of [His7]-corazonin on E/F ratios was shown more clearly when the nymphs were injected at a higher dose (2 nmol) at the beginning of the third instar. Single injections of the peptide into individually-reared nymphs at different instars revealed that the earlier the injection the larger the ‘gregarizing’ effects of the peptide on F/C and E/F ratios. The same tendency was also detected in Locusta migratoria Linnaeus. These results supported the hypothesis that [His7]-corazonin plays an important role in the control of phase polymorphism in locusts.
Effect of Age and Gender on the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of BAY 12–9566 in Healthy Subjects

The impact of age and gender on the single‐dose pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of BAY 12–9566 was evaluated in healthy subjects. Volunteers were grouped according to age and gender (13 young males, 11 elderly males, and 12 elderly females) and then randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive a single oral 50 mg dose of BAY 12–9566 or placebo. Serial plasma samples were collected up to 336 hours post dose and assayed for BAY 12–9566. Peak plasma concentration, time to reach peak plasma concentration, the area under the concentration‐time curve, oral clearance, volume of distribution, and elimination half‐life were calculated. BAY 12–9566 was well tolerated in all treatment groups, and no serious adverse events occurred during the study. Substantial age‐ or gender‐related differences were not observed for any of the pharmacokinetic parameters tested. Based on these pharmacokinetic and tolerability profiles, age‐ or gender‐related dose adjustments were not required for BAY 12–9566.
Chest pain on questionnaire and prediction of major ischaemic heart disease events in men.

OBJECTIVE To examine the prediction of major ischaemic heart disease events by questionnaire-assessed chest pain and other symptoms. DESIGN Population-based prospective study. SUBJECTS 7735 randomly selected men, aged 40-59 years at entry. METHODS Symptoms and history of diagnosed ischaemic heart disease were ascertained by administered questionnaire at baseline. Follow-up was for an average of 14.7 years, for first major ischaemic heart disease event. RESULTS During follow-up, 969 men had a major ischaemic heart disease event. 'Definite' angina (chest pain fulfilling all WHO criteria) and 'possible' angina (exertional chest pain without all other WHO criteria) were associated with similar ischaemic heart disease outcome, and a single combined angina category was used. In the whole cohort, the relative risks (95% CI) of a major ischaemic heart disease event were 2.03 (1.61, 2.57) for angina only, 2.13 (1.72, 2.63) for possible myocardial infarction only and 4.50 (3.57, 5.66) for angina plus possible myocardial infarction, compared to no chest pain. The relative risk for recall of an ischaemic heart disease diagnosis was 3.98 (3.36, 4.71). Only 33% of men with angina or possible myocardial infarction symptoms recalled a previous ischaemic heart disease diagnosis. In men without recall of an ischaemic heart disease diagnosis (in whom 82% of events during follow-up occurred), chest pain symptoms remained predictive of major ischaemic heart disease events with relative risks (95% CI) of 1.69 (1.27, 2.24) for angina only, 1.49 (1.12, 1.97) for possible myocardial infarction only and 2.55 (1.44, 4.53) for angina plus possible myocardial infarction. 'Other chest pain' increased risk of a major ischaemic heart disease event by 1.19 (1.01, 1.40) compared to no chest pain. Symptoms of breathlessness or calf pain on walking increased ischaemic heart disease risk in men with 'other chest pain' and in men without chest pain, but had no further effect on ischaemic heart disease risk in men with symptoms of angina or possible myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS In defining angina by chest pain questionnaire, the exertional component is the crucial criterion. When using questionnaire-assessed symptoms to determine ischaemic heart disease risk, information on previous ischaemic heart disease diagnoses should be taken into account. The majority of men with angina or possible myocardial infarction symptoms do not have a diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease, but they remain at significantly increased risk of a major ischaemic heart disease event. The value of breathlessness and calf pain on walking in stratifying ischaemic heart disease risk is restricted to men with 'other chest pain' or no chest pain.
Effects Of Glycine On Glomerular Filtration Rate And Segmental Tubular Handling Of Sodium In Conscious Rats

1. Infusion of the amino acid glycine leads to an increase in effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by a mechanism that possibly involves stimulation of nitric oxide (NO). Because NO also increases proximal tubular fluid output (Vprox) by inhibition of proximal tubular Na+ reabsorption and modulation of the tubuloglomerular feedback system, we hypothesized that glycine would increase Vprox as measured by lithium clearance (CLi).
Low-Profile Spiral Antenna Placed on an Extremely Thin Magnetodielectric Substrate

This letter presents a low-profile spiral antenna with an extremely thin magnetodielectric substrate (MagDS), which is backed by a conducting plane. A MagDS thickness of 0.1 mm (0.0001λ at 300 MHz) provides a purely input resistance with an axial ratio of less than 3 dB across a wide frequency range. Using this thickness value, the radiation characteristics are analyzed. It is revealed that a VSWR of less than 2 and an axial ratio of less than 3 dB are obtained across a frequency range of 300–1000 MHz (fractional bandwidth: 108%). It should be emphasized that the total antenna height from the bottom conducting plane to the antenna top surface is very small: 0. 061λ at 300 MHz. Simulated results are confirmed by experimental work.
The dhfrI trimethoprim resistance gene of Tn7 can be found at specific sites in other genetic surroundings

The dhfrI gene, mediating high-level trimethoprim resistance, was earlier found only on Tn7. Evidence is given here for an alternative location of this gene at a site identical to sites observed earlier for dhfrII on plasmid R388, dhfrV on pLMO20, and aadA on Tn21. All these genes and dhfrI are precisely inserted as discrete GTTA-flanked elements at distinct loci in very conserved surrounding sequences. One of these dhfrI insertions was observed to occur in association with a similarly inserted aadA nucleotidyltransferase gene, which mediates streptomycin and spectinomycin resistance. Close to the insertion site, there is an open reading frame translating into a 337-amino-acid peptide which shows striking similarities to recombinases of the integrase family, sulI, the sulfonamide resistance gene, is very often found close to the insertion point forming a genetic surrounding, originally observed as a part of Tn21-like transposons. The alleged integration mechanism thus provides a recombination pathway for the genetic linkage of sulfonamide and other antibiotic resistance genes, including the most frequently encountered gene for trimethoprim resistance, dhfrI. Furthermore, the newly observed location of dhfrI could shed light on the evolution of the antibiotic resistance region of Tn7, which could be able to take up genes by the same mechanism as that of Tn21-like transposons.
An availability model for eucalyptus platform: An analysis of warm-standy replication mechanism

High availability in cloud computing services is essential for maintaining customer confidence and avoiding revenue losses due to SLA violation penalties. Since the software and hardware components of cloud infrastructures may have limited reliability, fault tolerance mechanisms are a means of achieving the necessary dependability requirements. This paper investigates the benefits of a warm-standy replication mechanism in a Eucalyptus cloud computing environment. A hierarchical heterogeneous modeling approach is used to represent a redundant architecture and compare its availability to that of a non-redundant architecture. Both hardware and software failures are considered in the proposed analytical models. The results show an enhanced dependability for the proposed redundant system, as well as a decrease in the annual downtime. The results also demonstrate that the simple replacement of hardware by more reliable machines would not produce improvements in system availability to the same extent as would the fault tolerant approach.
Suivi et évaluation de la pêche professionnelle au sein d'une Aire Marine Protégée : protocoles d'enquêtes et indicateurs de pression et d'impact. Application au Parc Marin de la Côte Bleue

La surexploitation des ressources halieutiques a conduit a une crise majeure du secteur de la peche professionnelle. Dans ce contexte, les pecheries artisanales, et notamment les pecheries aux petits metiers cotiers, apparaissent comme des modes d’exploitation potentiellement durables des ressources cotieres. La diversite des engins utilises et des especes ciblees rend neanmoins complexe le suivi de cette composante importante de la peche professionnelle. L’activite de peche artisanale reste ainsi tres peu evaluee en Mediterranee, et notamment a l’echelle d’une Aire Marine Protegee (AMP). Les AMP sont pourtant de plus en plus utilisees comme des outils de gestion de ces pecheries, les effets des differentes mesures de gestion mises en place etant a meme de beneficier aux pecheurs professionnels. A l’heure ou le nombre d’AMP se multiplie, il apparait alors necessaire pour les gestionnaires comme pour les scientifiques de disposer d’indicateurs permettant de suivre l’activite de peche professionnelle sur le territoire d’une AMP, et d’evaluer les effets de la gestion sur cette activite. Un protocole d’enquete pour le suivi de la peche artisanale aux petits metiers cotiers a ainsi ete mis en place entre juillet 2009 et juin 2010 au sein du Parc Marin de la Cote Bleue (PMCB), AMP mediterraneenne francaise comprenant deux reserves marines d’âge et de taille differents. Les donnees recoltees ont permis d’identifier sept metiers principaux pratiques par les pecheurs du PMCB, et de les caracteriser par un groupe d’especes cibles, un engin, un territoire et une periode de peche. L’effort de peche et les captures ont alors pu etre estimes a partir de ces metiers. Sur le territoire de la Cote Bleue, 3 512 sorties de peche et 4 645 operations de peche ont ete realisees par les 30 bateaux actifs lors de la periode d’etude, avec 9 500 km de filets cales. Au total, environ 140 tonnes de captures ont ete debarquees dans les 6 ports du PMCB.
Efforts in Epilepsy Prevention in the Last 40 Years: Lessons From a Large Nationwide Study.

IMPORTANCE Prevention of new-onset epilepsy is an important public health issue and presents a pressing unmet need. It is unclear whether progress has been made in preventing new-onset epilepsy. OBJECTIVE To determine whether progress has been made in the prevention of epilepsy in Finland during the last 40 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using a long-term national register study of 5.04 million Finnish individuals, we looked at first-time inpatient admissions in Finland for a diagnosis of epilepsy from 1973 to 2013. Patients with epilepsy were defined by the occurrence of 2 or more unprovoked seizures. This study was conducted on July 29, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES In Finland, patients with epilepsy are routinely hospitalized at time of diagnosis, thus providing evidence for the incidence of epilepsy. RESULTS Of the mean 5.04 million Finnish individuals followed up for the development of epilepsy from 1973 to 2013, 100 792 people were identified as having epilepsy. Of these, 46,995 (47%) had focal epilepsy. The mean age for those included in the study was 45 years for men (interquartile range, 24-65 years) and 46 years for women (interquartile range, 23-71 years). We found no change in the incidence of epilepsy in the age range of those younger than 65 years (60 per 100,000 in 1973 and 64 per 100,000 in 2013). However, there was a significant increase in epilepsy among those older than 65 years (from 57 per 100,000 to 217 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE We found no evidence that progress has been made in preventing new-onset epilepsy in those younger than 65 years in the last 40 years; in fact, there was a nearly 5-fold rise of new-onset epilepsy among the elderly population.
Spectral clustering based regular expression grouping

Regular expression matching has been playing an import role in today's network security systems with deep inspection function. However, compiling a set of regular expressions into one Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) often leads to state explosion, which means huge or even impractical memory cost. Distributing regular expressions into several groups and building DFAs independently has been proved an efficient solution, but the previous grouping algorithms are either locally optimal or time-consuming. In this work, we proposed a new grouping method based on Spectral Clustering, which defines the similarity between regular expressions and then transforms grouping problem to clustering problem. Preliminary experiments illustrate that our grouping algorithm achieves efficient result with much less processing time.
Removal and recovery of cobalt from aqueous solutions by adsorption using low cost lignocellulosic biomass—coir pith

The applicability of low-cost lignocellulosic biosorbent-coir pith, for removal of cobalt (II) from aqueous solutions using batch adsorption studies has been explored herein. Adsorption characteristics of coir pith were investigated systematically by varying the experimental parameters such as, solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and temperature. The studies revealed that optimum adsorption of cobalt onto coir pith occurred in the pH range of 4.0 – 7.0. Sorption kinetics of cobalt was found to be quite rapid under ambient conditions and the process followed second-order kinetics. The experimental data have been analyzed using non-linearized forms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson adsorption isotherms for mathematical description of the process. Desorption studies showed that the quantitative recovery of Co (II) from the spent coir pith was achieved by using 0.5 N HCl. The suitability of this adsorbent for real situation has been observed, when complete removal of cobalt from nuclear power plant coolant water was obtained. The present studies successfully demonstrated the use of coir pith as an efficient adsorbent material for removal of cobalt from aqueous solutions.
[Electrocardiogram analysis in high risk population of unexplained sudden death in Yunnan province].

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the electrocardiographic features of the people living in the area with high incidence of unexplained sudden deaths in Yunnan province. METHOD The electrocardiograms of 338 residents from three villages (Dayao, Ninglang, Heqing) with high incidence of unexplained sudden deaths and one control village (Dali) were analyzed [averaged age was (33.4 +/- 11.7) years, 175 men and 163 women]. RESULTS The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was similar low in all groups. The left ventricular hypertrophy was observed in 34.6% of residents from Dayao. QTc significantly prolonged in the residents from all 3 high incidence areas compare the control area of Dali [control (386.8 +/- 27.22) ms, Ninglang (428.92 +/- 25.71) ms, Heqing (440.67 +/- 28.03) ms, Dayao (417.7 +/- 24.00) ms, P < 0.05 vs. control]. Incidence of U wave was significantly higher in Heqing village than that in control village (P < 0.05). The QUc of these 3 villages was: (613.67 +/- 37.34) ms, (597.19 +/- 46.47) ms, (608.59 +/- 39.59) ms respectively, and also significantly longer than the control village of Dali (589.33 +/- 41.27) ms (P < 0.05). The typical pattern of U wave presents as enlarged U wave and apparent T-U complex. In the 7 residents who have the family history of unexplained sudden death, 6 residents have U wave, and 4 of them present typical U wave pattern. CONCLUSION The significant ECG changes in villages with high incidence of unexplained sudden death in Yunnan province were prolonged QTc, enlarged U wave and apparent T-U complex and these ECG features suggested the repolarization abnormalities of the heart in these subjects.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE ON OVALBUMIN-INDUCED ALLERGIC AIRWAY DISEASE IN A MURINE MODEL

The effect of exposure to irritant air pollutants on the development of allergic airway disease is poorly understood. This study examines the effects of the lower respiratory tract irritant, NO 2 , on the outcome of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway disease. Male and female C57Bl/6 mice were sensitized by weekly intraperitoneal (ip) OVA injections for 3 wk followed by daily 1-h OVA aerosol inhalation challenge for 3 or 10 d. Initially, mice were exposed daily for 3 d to air or 0.7 or 5 ppm NO 2 for 2 h following each OVA aerosol challenge. OVA exposure resulted in pronounced lower airway inflammation, as evidenced by a significant increase in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) total cellularity and eosinophil levels. BAL eosinophil levels were significantly lower in OVA-NO 2 compared to OVA-air animals. The reduction was similar at both NO 2 exposure concentrations. In a subsequent study, sensitized animals were exposed for 3 or 10 d to aerosolized OVA followed by air or 0.7 ppm NO 2 . BAL eosinophils were again reduced at 3 d by OVA-NO 2 exposure compared to OVA-air mice. At 10 d the eosinophilia was virtually abolished. This reduction in OVA-induced cellular inflammation by NO 2 was confirmed by histopathological analysis. Contrary to expectations, exposure to NO 2 during the aerosol challenge to OVA dramatically diminished the outcome of allergic disease in lungs as measured by airway cellular inflammation.