Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial simulation of redistribution of fishing effort in Nigerian coastal waters using Ecospace

In the late 1990s, depletion of the target species Penaeus notialis (Pink Shrimp) in deeper waters (50 m) of the Nigerian coast resulted in a change of target species from P. notialis (Pink Shrimp) to shallower water species such as Penaeus monodon (Brown Shrimp). This study investigates the hypothesis that ecosystem impacts increased as industrial fleets increased fishing in shallower areas of the Nigerian coast by comparing the state of the ecosystem before and 20 yr after commercial shrimping commenced in Nigerian coastal waters (NCW). Two fishing scenarios were developed in Ecospace, the spatial modeling module of Ecopath with Ecosim software (Ecopath with Ecosim is a mass balanced trophic model that accounts for fishing impacts on food webs), with one having trawlers fishing everywhere beginning at the turn of the century (year 2000) and the other with no trawling in the first 5 nautical miles off the Nigerian coast through the entire period of model simulation (1985–2004). Modeling results showed increases in catch for some fisheries during the study period. In addition, estimated biomass for some functional groups increased especially for Small Pelagic fishes along with Rays, Reef fishes, Large Pelagics, and shallow water shrimps. All other exploited species in our modeling scenarios were estimated to have declining biomasses. Our expectation that redistribution of fishing effort in NCW will increase negative impacts of fishing the nearshore ecosystem was not supported by model results. This counterintuitive result may be because fishing effort on average was mostly distributed in the deeper areas of the inshore waters. Although specie such as Reef fishes appear to benefit from closure of the first 5 NM to fishing, the benefits appear to be negligible. We present the first ecosystem model developed for NCW, and our research contributes to fisheries ecology by furthering understanding of tropical coastal food webs and ecological response to fishing, especially in highly perturbed ecosystems like NCW.
USING COMMUNITY DETECTION TECHNIQUE IN RECOMMENDER SYSTEM

A BSTRACT . Recommender systems play a very important role in e-commerce sites. The goal of a recommender system is to predict the customer’s interest. Recommender systems are widely used to recommend products/items to the customers that are most relevant to their needs. Recommender systems make use of various data sources, in order to collect the characteristics of items, users, and their transactions. Traditional recommender systems have many issues which are still unresolved. Social network based recommender systems are based on communities. By forming user communities we can overcome problems of classical recommender systems and also enhance recommendations diversity. Finding communities is crucial because these communities in a network can help to classify users who share common interest. Community detection is one of the most active ﬁelds in complex networks which is used to ﬁnd communities. This property can be used in various applications such as to study the spread of disease in social networks, product recommendation etc.
Amplification of South Asian haze by water vapour-aerosol interactions

Air pollution and wintertime fog over South Asia is a major concern due to its significant implications for air quality, visibility and health. Using a regional climate model coupled with chemistry, we assess the contribution of the hygroscopic growth of aerosols (ambient–dry) to the total aerosol optical depth and demonstrate that the increased surface cooling due to the hygroscopic effects of aerosols further increases the humidity in the boundary layer and thus enhances the confinement of pollutants through aerosol– boundary layer interactions. This positive feedback mechanism plays an important role in the prevalence of wintertime fog and poor air quality conditions over South Asia, where water vapour contributes more than half of the aerosol optical depth. The aerosol–boundary layer interactions lead to moistening of the boundary layer and drying of the free troposphere, which amplifies the long-term trend in relative humidity over the Indo-Gangetic Plain during winter. Hence, the aerosol–water vapour interaction plays a decisive role in the formation and maintenance of the wintertime fog conditions over South Asia, which needs to be considered for planning mitigation strategies.
Enacting governance at the local level through management control systems: the case of a multinational energy company

Purpose This paper draws on the case of a multinational energy company to explore the role played by management control systems (MCSs) in enacting governance policies at the local (subsidiary) level. Design/methodology/approach This research mobilizes the literature on governmentality to interpret MCSs as technologies of government that can be drawn upon to translate governance policies into practice. In particular, the authors discuss this process by interpreting “governance” as an epistemic object, that is an object that generates knowledge because of its inherent incompleteness and abstract nature. Findings The paper shows how MCSs act as technical objects insofar they attract, bind and engage local subsidiary managers in the generation of knowledge about governance policies (i.e. the epistemic object) set at the global level, thereby enacting these policies locally. Practical implications The findings have practical implications by showing how subsidiary managers engage with MCSs to translate and implement broader governance policies in their daily activities. Originality/value This research contributes to the accounting literature on governmentality by showing the role of MCSs as technologies that enact governance at the local level through the process of knowledge generation that these technologies enable. Such knowledge is triggered by the engagement between different participating subjects, attracted by MCSs in the attempt to define governance in practice.
Hermetia illucens larvae reared on different substrates in broiler quail diets: effect on apparent digestibility, feed-choice and growth performance

This research is aimed at improving the fatty acid profile of Hermetia illucens larvae and evaluating the effect of its inclusion on the apparent nutrient digestibility, feed choice, growth performance and slaughter traits of growing broiler quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). H. illucens larvae (IM) were reared on two different substrates: layer mash (IM1) and 50:50 layer mash:fish offal (IM2). For the digestibility and feed choice trials, a total of sixty 16-day-old quails were assigned to three dietary groups: commercial diet (Control=C), a diet including 10% IM1 (IM1D), and a diet including 10% IM2 (IM2D). For the growth performance trial, a total of three hundred 10-day-old birds were allocated to the three dietary groups and fed the experimental diets until slaughter. Results of the digestibility trial showed a higher apparent metabolisable energy for larvae fed quail (14.0 and 13.9 MJ/kg DM vs 12.9 MJ/kg DM, (P<0.001). The IM2D quails also showed higher apparent digestibility for dry matter and organic matter. Feed choice results indicated that quails preferred the C diet compared to diets including H. illucens dried larvae. Productive performance, mortality and carcass traits were in line with commercial standards except for the IM2 quails which exhibited lower slaughter weight compared to C and IM1 fed quails. Based on the results of the present study, a 10% dietary inclusion of H. illucens larvae reared on a substrate rich in n-3 fatty acids did not negatively affect the apparent digestibility of nutrients, mortality, nor carcass yield. However, feed choice, growth rate and final carcass weight were negatively influenced by the IM2 diet. This result requires further investigations which should include the addition of an anti-oxidant.
FREE FAT IN MILK AND CHEESE PRODUCTS: INFLUENCE ON QUALITY

The theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of free fat in milk, cheese and cheese products with vegetable fats are considered. The amount of free fat in milk depends on the integrity of the fat globules membranes, which are affected by: ineffective emulsification of fat during the synthesis of milk in the cow’s udder (authentic fat) and physic-mechanical factors in the milk processing after milking (destabilized fat). Free fat, primarily subjected to oxidative processes and lipolysis, reduces the quality and ability to store milk. For cheese products, the presence of free fat, available for lipolysis and oxidation, is a prerequisite for obtaining high-quality products. Characteristics of the production of cheese products with vegetable fats, providing for the preliminary emulsification of vegetable fat in skim milk, contribute to the formation of denser membranes on the surface of fat globules, consisting mainly of casein micelles and whey proteins. This is the reason for the formation of a more closed structure of the fat phase with low availability of fat for enzymes and oxidizing agents. The low availability of fat in the structure of cheese products with vegetable fats is one of the factors that worsen their organoleptic characteristics. In order to increase the amount of available fat in the production of cheese products with vegetable fats, it is advisable to use additional enzyme preparations or cultures of microorganisms that activate proteolysis and lipolysis.
IMPROVEMENT OF ORGANOLEPTIC INDICATORS OF CHEESE PRODUCTS BY CORRECTING FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF FAT PHASE

The aim of the study was to establish the possibility of improving the organoleptic characteristics of cheese products by introducing butyric acid into the composition of the used vegetable fat composition. Cheese products made using two fat compositions consisting of refined, deodorized vegetable fats, including those modified by interesterification, were studied. The experimental fat composition contained in its composition additional butyric acid added to the composition of triglycerides. The study of cheese products was carried out in the process of ripening and storage for 120 days in comparison with cheese, the fat phase of which is represented by milk fat. It was found that the degree of proteolysis, estimated by the ratio of total water-soluble nitrogen to total nitrogen, does not depend on the nature of the fat in the protein matrix. Milk fat in cheeses is more subjected to lipolysis than vegetable fats in cheese products. The addition of butyric acid to the vegetable composition in an amount of 0.8% increased the acidity of the fat phase by 0.1 mmol/100 g. According to the assessment of organoleptic characteristics, cheese with milk fat had the most pronounced cheese flavor and aroma, cheese product without butyric acid in fat phase had the least pronounced ones. A cheese product with a fat composition containing added butyric acid was close to cheese with milk fat in terms of the severity of cheese taste, rheological characteristics and the spectrum of volatile flavoring substances. It is concluded that the taste and aroma of cheese products have a positive effect on adjusting the fatty acid composition of vegetable fat compositions by introducing butyric acid into their composition.
Mixed-effect non-linear modelling for diameter estimation along the stem of Tectona grandis in mid-western Brazil

This study evaluated the efficiency of taper functions and the application of mixed-effect modelling for diameter estimation along the stems of Tectona grandis. We sampled 266 trees of Tectona grandis, measuring the diameter at relative heights for volume determination, grouping the data according to three form-factor classes. Six taper functions were fitted, selecting the function with better fit performance. Six taper functions were fitted, selecting the function with better fit performance. The selected function was fitted in its basic formulation, and with the mixed non-linear modelling technique in different scenarios, and for the stem stratified in three portions of the total height. The precision and selection of the adjusted models were evaluated regarding the coefficient of determination, standard error of estimate, the Akaike information criterion, bias, quadratic error and absolute bias. According to the statistical criteria used, the model of Kozak was selected for the adjustments. For diameter estimation, the scenario with two coefficients as random effects provided an accuracy increase of 11.91%, and the mixed non-linear modelling better estimated the stem diameter for the stratified stems. In conclusion, the model of Kozak can be used to describe the stem shape of Tectona grandis, and the mixed-effect non-linear model approach was the best technique to estimate diameter along the stem of Tectona grandis.
Dynamic Interaction between Immune Escape Mechanism and HLA-Ib Regulation

HLA molecules scan the intracellular proteome and present self- or non-self-peptides to immune effector cells. HLA-Ia (HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C) are the most polymorphic genes, resulting in various numbers of allelic variants expressed on the surface of almost all nucleated cells. In contrast to HLA-Ia molecules that activate the immune system during pathogenic invasion, the marginal polymorphic HLA-Ib molecules (HLA-E, HLA-F and HLA-G) are upregulated during pathogenic episodes and mediate immune tolerance. A fine tuning between downregulation of HLA-Ia and upregulation of HLA-Ib can be observed through immunological episodes that require to remain unrecognized by immune effector cells. While HLA-Ia molecules collaborate by presenting a wide range of peptides, every HLA-Ib molecule is highly specialized in its protective immune function and seems to be restricted in the presentation of peptides. Additionally, Ia molecules are expressed ubiquitously while the expression of HLA-Ib molecules is strictly restricted to certain tissues and occurs instantly on demand of the cells/tissue that attempt to be hidden from the immune system. The more knowledge becomes available for the function of HLA-Ib molecules; the question emerges if the molecular typing of HLA-Ib molecules would be reasonable to take a decision post treatment for personalized cellular therapies.
Serum concentration of calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium in cyclic, non cyclic and repeat breeder buffaloes

Nutritional deficiency including mineral deficiency may decrease reproductive efficiency in buffaloes. Therefore, aim of the present study was to assess effect of minerals Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) on cyclicity of Nili Ravi Buffaloes. The present experiment was performed at Livestock Experiment Station, Bhunikey. The female buffaloes (n=90) were divided into 3 groups; cyclic (n=30), non-cyclic (n=30) and repeat breeders (n=30). Mineral profile was measured through serum of the buffaloes under study. Calcium and Magnesium were measured through calorimetric method while inorganic phosphorus was measured through UV method. The level of calcium was significantly (P<0.05) higher in normal cyclic buffaloes than that of the non-cyclic and repeat breeders. The level of magnesium was non-significant in normal cyclic and non-cyclic buffaloes, while it was significantly (P<0.05) higher in repeat breeders as compared to cyclic and non-cyclic buffaloes. Phosphorus was not in balance in non-cyclic and repeat breeders. It is concluded from the present study that Ca: P should be 2:1.
Probing strangeness production in small systems through new multi-differential measurements with ALICE at the LHC

ALICE has observed that the relative fraction of strange hadrons grows strongly with multiplicity in small collision systems (proton-proton and proton-lead collisions) at LHC energies, in particular for multi-strange baryons. This implies that a proton-proton collision cannot be described as an incoherent sum of parton-parton collisions, an idea that has been central in most proton-proton generators, for example PYTHIA. To accommodate the new ALICE results, models have to introduce significant final-state interactions. These final-state effects can have very different phenomenological origin. To be able to eventually discriminate experimentally between different final-state models, new experimental tools are required and in this paper different multi-differential observables will be tested with this goal in mind. Transverse Spherocity (SO ) is an observable that allows a topological selection of events that are “isotropic” (dominated by multiple soft processes) and “jetty” (where a single hard process is responsible for a significant part of the multiplicity). The underlying event activity is another observable that can be used to vary the amount of soft processes. It can be estimated by measuring the charged-particle multiplicity in the Transverse region (RT ). Using these new observables, ALICE has obtained results for π, K, φ, p, and Ξ production at mid-rapidity (|η|<0.8) as a function of event shape and underlying event activity in proton-proton collisions at (SNN)=13TeV . Finally, this contribution will report on how these new multi-differential measurements compare to predictions from PYTHIA and EPOS-LHC.
Grazed chicory, plantain or ryegrass–white clover alters milk yield and fatty acid composition of late-lactating dairy cows

The aim of the present research was to compare milk fatty acid composition of cows grazing perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture (RGWC), with that of cows grazing alternative forages of chicory or plantain. Fifty-four cows, balanced for milk solids, days in milk and bodyweight, were divided evenly into replicated groups of six cows/group. Cows grazing chicory or plantain had similar estimated dry-matter intake (17.7 kg DM/cow.day) and milk-solid (MS) yield (1.93 kg MS/cow.day), which were greater (P < 0.05) than for cows grazing RGWC (15.6 kg DM/cow.day and 1.65 kg MS/cow.day). Milk produced from cows grazing chicory or plantain contained greater proportions of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) than that from cows on RGWC (P < 0.01), despite lower omega-3 FA in herbage. RGWC increased the percentage of conjugated linoleic and vaccenic acids in milk compared with those of milk produced from herbs (P < 0.01). This reflects the greater percentage of α-linolenic acid in RGWC (P ≤ 0.02) than in forage herbs. The changes in FA profile from the herbage to the milk suggests less biohydrogenation in cows grazing the herbs. Forage herbs demonstrated the potential benefit to alter milk FA composition, while increasing milk production.
An overstated welcome: Brexit and intentionally masked anti-immigrant sentiment in the UK

ABSTRACT Research and evidence suggest that the expression of targeted intolerance increasingly manifests in subtle ways. Innovative work on colour-blind racism and unconscious bias underlines the unacknowledged ways that prejudicial attitudes are perpetuated/emerge without being overtly expressed. Building upon this work, we identify an additional dimension of intolerance defined by the intentional masking of anti-immigrant sentiment directed at immigrant groups defined by nation, race and religion. Using two survey experiments – conducted before and after the Brexit vote in the UK – we reveal that individuals mask intolerance strategically and that these strategies shift depending on the normative context. In particular, Muslim immigrants, who experienced little protection from overtly expressed intolerance before the Brexit referendum, confront a post-Brexit landscape in which intolerance is significantly overstated. The root of this emergent masking of intolerance is attributable to the Brexit campaign that simultaneously normalized AND stigmatized anti-immigrant sentiment. We conclude that our understanding of emergence and perpetuation of intolerance needs to account for the strategic and intentional disclosure of intolerance.
The Effect of Queuing System Capacity on the Blocking Probability Value Using M/G/1/C and G/G/m/K Model in Cloud Data Center

: Information technology is growing fast. The growth of information technology is caused by the increasing of human need for technology. The example of it is cloud computing. The more user who accesses the cloud service can cause the possibility of users being rejected or blocking. The more tasks that are not served so that the performance of cloud data centers becomes less effective. One of method to minimize the blocking probability by controlling the queue system capacity [3]. The system model used in this research is a queuing theory model, load balancing and several physical machines. The queuing model used to analyze is M/G/1/C on load balancing and G/G/m/K on physical machine. General distribution queuing model compatible with the dynamic characteristics of cloud computing. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of queuing system capacity on blocking probability and see the effect of load balancing in this system model. The results of the simulation are the capacity of the queue system which is getting bigger, reducing the possibility of blocking. From this simulation the effective blocking probability value with a queuing system capacity of 3000. The existence of load balancing in this model makes physical machine performance effective. Because load balancing divides the task load equally into each physical machine.
Hypothesis for the Initiation of Vasomotion

Abstract—Vasomotion is the regular variation in tone of arteries. In our study, we suggest a model for the initiation of vasomotion. We suggest that intermittent release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR, cytosolic oscillator), which is initially unsynchronized between the vascular smooth muscle cells, becomes synchronized to initiate vasomotion. The synchronization is achieved by an ion current over the cell membrane, which is activated by the oscillating Ca2+ release. This current results in an oscillating membrane potential, which synchronizes the SR in the vessel wall and starts vasomotion. Therefore, the pacemaker of the vascular wall can be envisaged as a diffuse array of individual cytosolic oscillators that become entrained by a reciprocal interaction with the cell membrane. The model is supported by experimental data. Confocal [Ca2+]i imaging and isometric force development in isolated rat resistance arteries showed that low norepinephrine concentrations induced SR-dependent unsynchroni.
Leaf Area Estimation in Chamomile

The knowledge of the variables specific leaf area and leaf area index is important for direct or indirect quantification of plant growth, development and yield. However, there is a lack of these information due to the difficulty in measuring the leaf area of chamomile. Measuring leaf area by direct methods, such as the use of leaf area integrator is a very laborious and time consuming activity because the plant has many leaves and with small size. The use of leaf dry matter is a promising variable for the leaf area estimation. As an important measure to evaluate plant growth, the present study aimed to obtain a model for chamomile leaf area estimation through leaf dry matter. The experiment was conducted in two sowing dates (March 18 and June 30, 2017) at different plant densities (66, 33, 22, 16, 13, 11 and 8 plants m-2). The leaves of chamomile plants were collected in the plant vegetative and reproductive phases. The leaf area determination was performed using the electronic integration method of leaf area. The specific leaf area was 133 cm2 g-1, with no differences between sowing dates, plant densities and phenological phases of plant collection. The leaf area measured with the electronic leaf area integrator exhibited high correlation with chamomile leaf dry matter and the resulting model of leaf area data by the integrator presented optimum performance. This model is indicated for leaf area determination of chamomile when there is availability of leaf dry matter data.