Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Optimization Algorithm for Dwindling Payment and Power Management

In this current era, rising demand ultimately leads to the scarcity of source in terms of power. To fulfill this inadequacy and because of the availability and easy conversion of electrical energy, hybrid energy system is the best choice for non renewable energy source replacement, which dominates the demand of reliable power. In this paper, we have proposed and analyzed the optimal capacity of the Photovoltaic and Wind as a hybrid system, standing as a foremost motivating force for the public improvement. To provide uninterrupted supply, storage device is used along with the integrated sources. The key pioneering part of this research paper is the performance of the projected system for cost optimization, which is realized by running the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms. The result is the baseline system cost necessary to meet the load requirements. The above stated process is implemented using MATLAB. The motivation of choosing these algorithms is because of swift convergence in real time power management. Performance parameter Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is also calculated for the proposed system.
A physical model for random telegraph signal currents in semiconductor devices

The model proposed by McWhorter for low‐frequency noise in metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs) assumed that the 1/f spectrum was due to the sum of the Lorentzian spectra produced by modulation of the channel current by charge state transitions at traps in the adjacent oxide. Considerable evidence for the presence of such current modulation has been accumulated recently. From extensive studies of random telegraph signal (RTS) current waveform in many types of devices we present new results on the dependence of the amplitudes and characteristic times on device geometry, bias, and temperature. Based on these results we propose a comprehensive model for the generation of RTS waveforms in semiconductor devices. The amplitude modulation of a steady current in a device due to the trapping of a carrier at a fixed site is derived by applying an extension of Ramo’s theorem. The characteristic times of the RTS are derived from the properties of the trap, the carrier concentrations, and tempe.
The Study of Solar Activity in Relation with High Frequency Variations of Solar Radio Flux

In recent years, radio observations of solar emission at 10.7cm wavelengths show a systematic increase compared to the sunspot number (SSN). The 10.7cm solar radio flux (F10.7) is one of the most widely used indices of solar activity. The solar magnetic field flux measured for the entire solar cycle is compared with the solar index of the effective cycles for the years 1986-2015. The solar activity indices include numerous quantities. Of these indices the two most used are the relative sunspot number, covering more than 300 years and the 10.7cm solar radio flux (F10.7), which has been measured regularly since 1947. The data published in the official website of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has been used in the analysis. This study examines the relative sunspot number and 10.7cm solar radio flux indices individually and also the relation between them, and also what it implies on the solar behaviour for the solar cycle 22, 23 & 24.
OPTIMUM DESIGN APPROACH OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTORS BY TORQUE RIPPLE REDUCTION

The main disadvantage of switched reluctance motors (SRM) is the higher torque ripple compared to conventional machines, which result in acoustic noise and vibration. The torque pulsations in an SRM are due to the highly non-linear and discrete nature of torque production mechanism. The paper presents an investigation on the direct instantaneous torque control (DITC) of a 1-hp four-phase 8/6 switched reluctance motor (SRM). In the proposed technique, direct instantaneous torque control for a four-phase SRM drive the torque sharing function can be used to generate the reference values of phase torques from the required torque. The switching signals are directly generated from the comparison between the reference phase torques and the estimated phase torques using hysteresis controller. The hysteresis torque controller generates gating signals to the power converter. The instantaneous phase torques can be calculated from the phase currents and rotor position. Therefore, a high-resolution encoder can be avoided. Results obtained from computer simulations of the developed MATLAB/Simulink model experiments have confirmed the validity and acceptable performance of the proposed scheme.
Facility Location and Supply Chain Management – A comprehensive review

Facility location decisions play a critical role in the strategic design of supply chain networks. In this paper, an extensive literature review of facility location models in the context of supply chain management is given. Following a brief review of core models in facility location, we identify basic features that such models must capture to support decision-making involved in strategic supply chain planning. In particular, the integration of location decisions with other decisions relevant to the design of a supply chain network is discussed. Furthermore, aspects related to the structure of the supply chain network, including those specific to reverse logistics, are also addressed. Significant contributions to the current state-of-the-art are surveyed taking into account numerous factors. Supply chain performance measures and optimization techniques are also reviewed. Applications of facility location models to supply chain network design ranging across various industries are discussed. Finally, a list of issues requiring further research are highlighted.
Die makroökonomische Bedeutung öffentlicher Investitionen und ihre Finanzierbarkeit

Die offentlichen Investitionen sind kurz- wie langfristig von zentraler Bedeutung fur Wachstum und Beschaftigung. Daruber herrscht auch unter Okonomen Einigkeit. Dennoch sind sie in Deutschland in den letzten Jahrzehnten massiv gesunken. Das Niveau liegt mittlerweile weit unterhalb des europaischen Durchschnitts. Insgesamt kann man von einem Investitionsbedarf von jahrlich einigen Prozent des Bruttoinlandsproduktes ausgehen. Aus okonomischer Sicht, so die These des Beitrags, konnen zusatzliche offentliche Ausgaben auch in einer solchen Dimension ohne Weiteres verteilungspolitisch sinnvoll durch eine Kombination aus hoherer Nettokreditaufnahme, Selbstfinanzierung, vor allem aber hoheren Steuern finanziert werden, ohne dass der Sozialstaat deswegen beschnitten werden musste. Das eigentliche Problem ist weniger okonomischer als politischer Natur: Es besteht darin, politische Mehrheiten fur die notwendige Ausweitung der Staatstatigkeit zu gewinnen. Allerdings sind die Aussichten fur den Einstieg in einen selbstverstarkenden Tugendzirkel eher pessimistisch einzuschatzen.
Influence of the Temporomandibular Joint in the Estimation of Bone Density in the Mandible through a Bone Remodelling Model

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) plays a key role in the distribution of stresses in the mandible during mastication and consequently in the distribution of bone density, due to the interconnection between both variables through bone remodelling. Two finite element models of the mandible were compared to study the influence of the redistribution of stresses produced by the joint: (1) a model without TMJ, but with simplified boundary conditions to replace the joint, as done in previous models; (2) a more realistic model including the articular disc and some ligaments present in the TMJ. The stresses and strains in both models were compared through the strain energy density, used in many bone remodelling models as a measure of the mechanical stimulus. An anisotropic bone remodelling model was used to simulate the behaviour of mandible bone and to estimate its density distribution. The results showed that the TMJ strongly affects the stress distribution, the mechanical stimulus, and eventually the bone density, and not only locally in the condyle, but also in the whole mandible. It is concluded that it is utterly important to include a detailed model of the TMJ to estimate more correctly the stresses in the mandible during mastication and, from them, the bone density and anisotropy distribution.
Screening cotton varieties ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) for heat tolerance under field conditions

indicated that there were some positive correlations. These data indicated that photosynthetic yield, fluorescence, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), cell membrane thermostability (CMT), plant height and number of bolls per plant can be used for improving seed cotton yield. However, among these measurements CMT, SPAD value and fluorescence were more practical in large breeding trials. The results showed that AGC 375 and AGC 208 cotton varieties had lower relative cell injury level (higher cell membrane thermostability) and higher seed cotton yield and photosynthetic yield than other investigated varieties.
Towards a Model of Second Language Word Production and Recognition in Mandarin

The production and recognition of Mandarin words by Cantonese speakers are influenced by the pronunciation correspondences between Cantonese and Mandarin in all sublexical levels (i.e., onset, rime and tone). A three-route second language word production and recognition model is proposed using these pronunciation correspondences. A concept route links the concept and the L2 Mandarin phonological representation directly, while a lexical route links the concept and the L2 Mandarin phonological representation through the L1 Cantonese phonological representation. A sublexical route activates the concept and/or the L2 Mandarin phonological representation through the mediation of L1 Cantonese phonological and sublexical representation using Cantonese-Mandarin pronunciation correspondences. Beginning learners of Cantonese mainly use the sublexical route in L2 Mandarin word production and recognition. Advanced learners gradually shift from the sublexical to lexical/concept route in producing Mandarin words while both lexical/conceptual and sublexical routes are still in active use to generate possible word candidates in L2 Mandarin word recognition. Evidence for the proposed model is drawn from a Mandarin word production task, a Mandarin disyllabic word transcription task, a Mandarin pinyin transcription task, and a character-sound matching task. Further testing of the model in the neurolinguistics and computational domain are also proposed.
LOWER SEMICONTINUITY OF MULTIPLE INTEGRALS AND CONVERGENT INTEGRANDS

Lower semicontinuity of multiple integrals R Ω f(x, uα, Pα) dμ and R Ω fα(x, uα, Pα) dμ are studied. It is proved that the two can derive from each other under certain general hypotheses such as uniform lower compactness property and locally uniform convergence of fα to f . The result is applied to obtain some general lower semicontinuity theorems on multiple integrals with quasiconvex integrand f , while fα are not required to be quasiconvex.
Spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages in a subtropical small stream of the Huangshan Mountain

Spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages were investigated seasonally from May 2007 to February 2008 across 11 study sites in a subtropical small stream, the Puxi Stream, of the Huangshan Mountain. Along the longitudinal gradient from headwater to downstream, fish species richness and abundance increased gradually, but then decreased significantly at the lower reaches. The highest species richness and abundance were observed in August and the lowest in February. Based on analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), fish assemblages were significantly different in spatial variation but not in temporal variation. Although differences were observed both among sites and among stream orders, the lower R value in order-variation suggested stream order was not the optimal factor explaining the spatial variation of fish assemblages. In addition, dam construction did not significantly alter fish assemblages in the sites adjacent to and immediately downstream to dams. Using cluster analysis and non-metric Multi Dimensional Scaling analysis (NMS), assemblages were separated into three groups at a Bray-Curtis similarity value of 42%: the upper, middle and lower groups. Following analysis of similarity percentages of species contributions (SIM-PER), shifts in occurrence or abundance of S. curriculus, Z. platypus, R. bitterling and A. fasciatus contributed most to the differences amongst the three groups. Standard Deviation Redundancy Analysis (RDA) suggested that habitat structure (such as elevation, substrate, and flow velocity) contributed to the spatial and temporal pattern of fish assemblages in the Puxi Stream. In conclusion, the fish assemblages in Puxi Stream presented significant spatial but not temporal variation. Human disturbance has perhaps induced the decrease in species diversity in the lower reaches. However, no significant change was observed for fish assemblages in sites far from and immediately downstream from low-head dams [Current Zoology 56 (6): 670-677, 2010].
Innate or learned preference for upward-facing flowers?: implications for the costs of pendent flowers from experiments on captive bumble bees

Pollinator preferences for phenotypic characters, including floral orientation, can affect plant reproductive success. For example, hawkmoths and syrphid flies prefer upward- over downward-facing flowers in field experiments. Although such preferences suggest a cost of pendent flowers in terms of pollinator attraction, we cannot rule out the possibility that the preferences have been affected by prior experience: pollinators might choose the same type of flowers to which they have already become accustomed. To test for innate preference, we observed bumble bees foraging on an array of upward- and downward-facing artificial flowers. Without any prior experience with vertical flowers, 91.7% bees chose an upward-facing flower at the very first visit. In addition to this innate preference, we also found that the preference was strengthened by experience, which suggests that the bees learned upward-facing flowers were easier to handle. Although bumble bees may concentrate on pendent flowers in the field, such learned preferences are evidently imposed on a template of upward-facing preference. Because bee-pollinated pendent flowers face particular difficulties in attracting visits, therefore, we expect them to compensate through other means, such as greater floral rewards.
Level of information systems in Turkish public ports and direction of improvement

In the recent decades, the competition between seaports has become severe due to several factors, such as globalisation, increasing amount of international trade, advent of ultra-large container vessels, technical developments in cargo handling and changing demands of the customers. International transport environment has changed into a 'hub-and-spoke' system, in which cargo is shipped to a major hub port by ultra-large container vessels and trans-shipped to smaller ports by feeder ships. For this reason, ports around the world have invested heavily in their infrastructure and operating systems. On the other hand, it is a fact that Turkish ports fell behind in this competition and operational inefficiencies are affecting Turkish economy severely. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to enlighten the improvement direction of information systems for Turkish major public ports, which are currently operated by Turkish State Railways (TCDD). For this purpose, the past and present condition of information systems were seized and compared to that of world's advanced ports. Then the characteristics of information systems that can solve the current problems were outlined. According to the results, the problems of information systems in Turkish ports are mainly based on administrative incapability, rather than technical or economical.
Stem cell - like cytotrophoblast as an epigenetic inductor in human embryo hemiallograft. Forensic and anatomic signification of phenotype transformation inside fetus membranes

lacenta is the site for many permanent processes that take place during the whole period of gestation, such as: the genesis, differentiation, multiplication and remodeling of villous and non villous trophoblast. The tissue interrelations that collaborate for structure differentiation inside the maternalplacenta and fetus-placenta systems are achieved by rigorously elaborated mechanisms under the direct action of inductor factors (stem cells, hormones, prostaglandin, interleukines, growth factors – TGF beta, FGF, EGF, cytokines etc) and of the response from endometrium structures (stroma, uterine glands and blood vessels). There are a certain numbers of issues that remain partially known during the genesis and evolution of the placenta system structures: the dual relations between trophectoderm and extra embryo mesenchym; the genealogy of villous and extra villous cytotrophoblast; the proliferation and invasion of extra villous cytotrophoblast; vasculogenesis and angiogenesis phenomena; and last but not least, the apoptosis of different structures in time and space. The purpose of the paper is to determine the location and the morph genetic potencies of the stem cell-like cytotrophoblast during the formation dynamics and evolution of the villous structures. We proposed ourselves as an objective, the micro anatomic evaluation of the phenotype changes inside villous and extra villous trophoblast, that intervene in placenta remodeling during gestation. Material and methods Our study was performed on human material taking into consideration the principles of medical deontology and ethic code. The tissue fragments were harvested from placentas with different gestational age: 50 placentas during the first trimester, 150 during the second trimester and 250 placentas during the last trimester of gestation. We equally examined the fragments from 60 uterine
Optimisation of qPCR-based methods for Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. detection in human stool samples

Background and aims: Millions of people die every year of intestinal parasite diseases. Two epidemiologically important parasites, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium species (spp.) cause e.g. diarrhoea, vomiting and at worst malabsorption. Detection of these parasites has thus far been done by e.g. microscopy, but quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) would be a more accurate, sensitive and less time-consuming method and more samples could be tested at a time. The aim of this thesis was to optimise methods and to develop a protocol for simultaneous detection of human intestinal parasites Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. (C. parvum and C. hominis) from clinical stool samples in a high-throughput format. Methods: Human stool samples positive for Giardia lamblia or Cryptosporidium hominis were used to test different sample pretreatments (concentration methods, heat shocks, freeze-thaw cycles and proteinase treatments) and combinations to find the optimal one for maximal DNA release from the parasite (oo)cysts. Altogether 13 different protocols were tested. Three commercial DNA extraction kits were tested to find the best one for parasite DNA extraction. qPCR reaction was optimised first for primer and probe concentrations separately for both of the parasites and secondly these were combined into a multiplex reaction. DiabImmune study samples were tested for the two parasites after optimisation of methods and the functionality of qPCR reaction was confirmed for Cryptosporidium parvum too. Results: A pretreatment protocol consisting of a 10-minute heat shock at +98 °C and an overnight proteinase treatment at +56 °C was considered the best. The choice was made mostly based on the results of the Giardia lamblia sample, because the Cryptosporidium hominis sample showed constantly weak positivity. An extraction kit designed for viral RNA extraction was found the most effective. The differences in results obtained for different qPCR primer and probe concentrations were small and the concentrations were thus chosen cost-efficiently based on the lowest possible concentrations of the reagents. The Cryptosporidium spp. qPCR was found to detect both Cryptosporidium hominis and parvum. All DiabImmune samples collected from children representing background population were negative Conclusions: The protocol obtained as a result of this thesis is a reproducible, sensitive and highthroughput method for the detection of these two intestinal parasites in human stool samples. Even though the Cryptosporidium hominis sample used for optimisation was only weakly positive, the functionality of detection was confirmed with a C. parvum-positive sample. As a result of this thesis, professor Heikki Hyoty’s laboratory has started using the optimised protocol for detection of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. in their research.
Foreign language learners: words they hear and words they learn: a case study

Abstract Many studies investigate the plurality of factors that determine the learning of words, but few attempt to analyze the relationship between input and uptake. In the present study the oral input in the foreign language, received in class by a group of fourth graders, is analyzed according to the frequency lists developed by Nation (1986). The study also compares the input from the teacher’s speech with the input from the course-book and it offers some indications of the learners’ uptake. We set to answer questions such as 1) Which one of the two - books or teachers - seem to offer better chances for incidental acquisition to occur? 2) What proportion of the total vocabulary available in class is typically acquired by the learners? It is suggested that while the teacher’s speech as well as the written input available from the textbook represent equally rich lexical environments, the amount of vocabulary produced by the former is substantially greater than the one available from the latter. Our data show that a great proportion of vocabulary can be acquired by the learners in class. An indication is given of the factors that seem to determine the learners’ uptake. Resumen Existen numerosos estudios que investigan la multitud de factores que determinan el aprendizaje lexico pero pocos son los que intentan analizar la relacion entre vocabulario proporcionado al aprendiz de lenguas (input) y vocabulario adquirido (uptake). En el presente estudio, y partiendo de las listas de frecuencia lexica en ingles creadas por Nation (1986), se investiga el vocabulario oral proporcionado a un grupo de alumnos de nueve anos en clase de lengua inglesa. El estudio, ademas, compara el vocabulario proporcionado en clase por la profesora de dicho grupo con el vocabulario del libro de texto utilizado y, en base a los resultados de dicha comparacion, proporciona informacion sobre el vocabulario adquirido por los alumnos (uptake). En este trabajo, por lo tanto, se abordan cuestiones tales como: (1) ? Que / quien ofrece mayores oportunidades para la adquisicion casual (incidental) de vocabulario en el aula: los libros de texto o los profesores? ; y (2) ? Que proporcion del vocabulario total proporcionado en el aula suelen adquirir los alumnos? Los resultados de este trabajo indican que, aunque tanto el discurso oral de la profesora como el discurso escrito del libro de texto ofrecen entornos lexicos igualmente ricos, la cantidad de vocabulario generada por la profesora es considerablemente mayor que la del libro. Esto parece indicar que los alumnos pueden adquirir una cantidad mayor de vocabulario en clase. Finalmente, los resultados de este trabajo sugieren posibles factores que determinan la adquisicion del vocabulario oral proporcionado en el aula.