Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induction and disappearance of excitability in the oocyte of Xenopus laevis: a voltage‐clamp study.

Electrically excitable, sodium‐selective channels are induced in the membrane of the oocytes of Xenopus laevis when it is submitted to prolonged positive potentials (Kado, Marcher & Ozon, 1979; Baud, Kado & Marcher, 1982). Under a long positive voltage‐clamp step, the membrane current, initially outward, becomes inward with a sigmoidal time course. The mean time to half‐maximal inward current (t 1/2) is about 18 s at 16 degrees C when stepping the membrane potential to +55 mV. The rate of channel induction was very temperature dependent (Q10 about 5). In an Arrhenius plot, the t 1/2 for induction at temperatures between 5 and 22 degrees C showed a single slope. The rate of induction was dependent on the membrane potential, increasing exponentially with positive membrane potential (e‐fold for a 20 mV change). When the membrane was maintained at resting potential after induction, the ability to produce inward currents with short depolarizing steps slowly disappeared with a t 1/2 of 4 min at 16 degrees C. The temperature dependence for disappearance was larger than that found for induction (Q10 about 7). The rate of disappearance was not dependent on holding the membrane potential in the range ‐30 to ‐100 mV. Induction proceeded in calcium‐free medium. Cycloheximide, a potent protein synthesis inhibitor had no effect (100 micrograms/ml) on the induction rate. Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) or theophyllin (phosphodiesterase inhibitors) applied externally (10(‐4) M) did not affect the induction or disappearance rates. From the present results, mechanisms such as protein synthesis or a second messenger (such as calcium or cyclic AMP) do not appear to be involved. During the depolarization necessary to obtain induction, another conductance was also activated. It was more slowly established, appeared to be non‐saturable and had a reversal potential between zero and ‐10 mV. It was found to be very much reduced at temperatures below about 16 degrees C.
Gain Enhancement of 60-GHz Antipodal Tapered Slot Antenna Using Zero-Index Metamaterial

A zero-index metamaterial (ZIM) structure is proposed for the gain enhancement of an antipodal tapered slot antenna (ATSA) at 60-GHz bands. The single ATSA loaded with the proposed ZIM cells exhibits a gain enhancement of up to 2.6 dB in the frequency band of 57–66 GHz. A prototype of a two-element ATSA array loaded with the ZIM cells measures a <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\vert {\rm S}_{11} \vert$</tex></formula> of less than <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$-10~{\rm dB}$</tex></formula> and gain of 12–13.2 dBi over 57–66 GHz. The measurement results agree with the simulated ones and the gain enhancement of the ZIM cells is confirmed.
Analysis of the photovoltaic cells output power based on the door-connection under mismatch

The traditional methods to solve the PV mismatch problem are using diodes and photovoltaic cells in series and in parallel to compensate voltage and current. Considering the cost of production, it is unrealistic that each photovoltaic cell parallels with one bypass diode. One bypass diode may parallels with dozen or more solar cells. Therefore, the connection of the photovoltaic cells in parallel with bypass diodes is very important. This paper proposes the traditional connection may reduce the whole PV modules output power when the shadow covers partial modules. A new photovoltaic cells connection, named "door-connection", is proposed to solve this problem. The paper analyses the characteristics of the door-connection output power in three typical shadow cases. It is proved that the new connection can improve the output power obviously compared with the traditional connection.
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF PORCELAIN REPAIR METHODS

Introduction: Porcelain fracture is a relatively common problem in clinical dental practice. Various methods have been proposed for repairing porcelain fractures including direct composite resin repair or construction of a porcelain laminate veneer and its cementation with a resin cement. Evaluation of shear bond strength of porcelain repair methods was the purpose of this study. Methods: Twenty feldspathic porcelain discs (10 mm in diameter) were fabricated. The samples underwent air-born abrasion with an aluminum oxide and etching with HF, and were then ultrasonically cleaned and randomized into two groups: 1- repair with porcelain disc (7 mm in diameter) with light cure cement (Choice 2); and 2- repair with resin composite (Clearfil AP-X). We measured the shear bond strength of the samples by Zwick Roll at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. Results: The resin composite group had the highest shear bond strength (12.91 MPa). We found no significant differences between the choice and composite groups (p=0.970). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that resin composite yields acceptable shear bond strength to be used in porcelain repair.
Discrete Dipole Approximation Applied to Highly Directive Slotted Waveguide Antennas

We present an analysis of a slotted waveguide antenna (SWA) whose directivity has been enhanced by using metamaterial parasitic elements. We apply an adapted form of the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) as a modeling tool and verify the accuracy and versatility of this method for different configurations, including matched and shorted SWAs, and with and without parasitic elements. The results presented in this letter demonstrate the capabilities of the DDA for the fast and accurate simulation of aperture antennas composed of small radiators, and its further application for the design of complex metamaterial structures.
Demystified …

The basic physiology of leucocyte emigration from the intravascular space into the tissues is now known to be dependent on a class of cell surface molecules that have come to be known as adhesion molecules. Many cell–cell interactions are dependent on adhesion and signal transduction via the various adhesion molecules, particularly the integrins. The study of the functions of these molecules has been enhanced by the development of blocking and activating monoclonal antibodies, knockout mice, and by the rare “experiments of nature” in the human population, in whom there is absence or dysfunction of one of the adhesion molecules. This review describes these leucocyte adhesion defects and discusses how they have provided important insights into the function of these molecules.
Cardiovascular risk of rosiglitazone: another perspective

Rosiglitazone is an effective therapy for type 2 diabetes although concerns have grown about the incidence of oedema and cardiovascular adverse events in patients treated with the drug. The following review was conducted to evaluate further and complement the evidence linking rosiglitazone with an increased risk for cardiovascular adverse events by examining trials and case reports not included in recent meta‐analyses. Rosiglitazone‐related publications describing case reports and prospective and retrospective cohort analyses were identified using MEDLINE and EMBASE, from July 1999 to July 2007. Relevant reports cited in these publications were also obtained. A recently‐published meta‐analysis and a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial were also reviewed. This review of 20 case reports and 10 uncontrolled studies supports the need for added vigilance when prescribing rosiglitazone to patients for the treatment of type 2 diabetes who may be at risk for congestive heart failure. Clinical data from numerous case reports and uncontrolled studies suggested that patients receiving rosiglitazone should be monitored for the development of weight gain or oedema. Prudence should be observed in patients with a history or risk factors for congestive heart failure as they may be poor candidates for rosiglitazone therapy.
The detection of atmospheric rivers in atmospheric reanalyses and their links to British winter floods and the large‐scale climatic circulation

[1] Atmospheric Rivers (ARs), narrow plumes of enhanced moisture transport in the lower troposphere, are a key synoptic feature behind winter flooding in midlatitude regions. This article develops an algorithm which uses the spatial and temporal extent of the vertically integrated horizontal water vapor transport for the detection of persistent ARs (lasting 18 h or longer) in five atmospheric reanalysis products. Applying the algorithm to the different reanalyses in the vicinity of Great Britain during the winter half-years of 1980–2010 (31 years) demonstrates generally good agreement of AR occurrence between the products. The relationship between persistent AR occurrences and winter floods is demonstrated using winter peaks-over-threshold (POT) floods (with on average one flood peak per winter). In the nine study basins, the number of winter POT-1 floods associated with persistent ARs ranged from approximately 40 to 80%. A Poisson regression model was used to describe the relationship between the number of ARs in the winter half-years and the large-scale climate variability. A significant negative dependence was found between AR totals and the Scandinavian Pattern (SCP), with a greater frequency of ARs associated with lower SCP values.
Exploring New Concepts in the Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction : Is Exercise the Key for Improving Treatment ? Myocardial hypertrophy and its role in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Heinzel FR, Hohendanner F, Jin G, Sedej S, Edelmann F. Myocardial hypertrophy and its role in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Appl Physiol 119: 1233–1242, 2015. First published July 16, 2015; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00374. 2015. —Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common myocardial structural abnormality associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). LVH is driven by neurohumoral activation, increased mechanical load, and cytokines associated with arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and other comorbidities. Here we discuss the experimental and clinical evidence that links LVH to diastolic dysfunction and qualifies LVH as one diagnostic marker for HFpEF. Mechanisms leading to diastolic dysfunction in LVH are incompletely understood, but may include extracellular matrix changes, vascular dysfunction, as well as altered cardiomyocyte mechano-elastical properties. Beating cardiomyocytes from HFpEF patients have not yet been studied, but we and others have shown increased Ca turnover and impaired relaxation in cardiomyocytes from hypertrophied hearts. Structural myocardial remodeling can lead to heterogeneity in regional myocardial contractile function, which contributes to diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF. In the clinical setting of patients with compound comorbidities, diastolic dysfunction may occur independently of LVH. This may be one explanation why current approaches to reduce LVH have not been effective to improve symptoms and prognosis in HFpEF. Exercise training, on the other hand, in clinical trials improved exercise tolerance and diastolic function, but did not reduce LVH. Thus current clinical evidence does not support regression of LVH as a surrogate marker for (short-term) improvement of HFpEF.
Expectativas de devaluación y variable macroeconómicas: el caso de España

En este trabajo se analiza, con datos para la economia espanola durante el periodo 1986-1997, la influencia de algunos determinantes macroeconomicos sobre las expectativas de depreciacion de la peseta respecto al marco aleman, medidas a partir de la persistencia de un diferencial de intereses entre titulos denominados en ambas monedas. Para ello se estima una modelizacion VAR donde las variables se introducen en primeras diferencias, si es necesario, para evitar la estimacion de regresiones espureas o desequilibradas entre variables.
The Biopsy Specimen-Its Value and Limitations

In an attempt to improve mutual understanding between clinician and pathologists on the matter of biopsy diagnoses, a brief review is made of the histopathologic method, and the information which can be extracted from it. Practical questions on the collection of the biopsy, its proper handling, the errors which may be due to sampling and comments on diagnostic errors and observer variation are offered. Some suggestions are offered with regard to second opinions, communication, and steps to make pathologic diagnoses more reliable (JPMA 33: 139, 1983). In a recent visit to Pakistan (an honor conferred by the Khyber Medical College and its North American Alumni Association) I met an unreasonable and somewhat disconcerting amount of criticism between surgeons and pathologists in various cities. In abbreviated form, surgeons stated “Our histopathologists are uncooperative and incompetent; they disagree in their own diagnoses; they cannot tell benign from malignant; they cannot identify the primary site of a metastatic rumor; and cannot or refuse to give us from biopsies, the information we need to treat patients”. Pathologists said, “Our surgeons are incompetent and uncooperative; they submit fat or fibrous tissue as diagnostic biopsies and expect an answer; they give us no clinical information to assist in making useful diagnoses; they ignore our reports and treat many patients without histologically confirmed diagnoses”. Recriminations of this sort (by no means unique to Pakistan) suggest that each party has inadequate knowledge and appreciation of the others difficulties. It may therefore be helpful to review the place and limitations of biopsies, and of the histopathologic method of diagnosis in general, a task which I was asked to address in Peshawar.
Bacteriophage survival: multiple mechanisms for avoiding the deoxyribonucleic acid restriction systems of their hosts.

Les bacteriophages ont appris a vivre avec les enzymes de restriction de leur hote en developpant de nombreux mecanismes differents pour eviter les pires effets des systemes de restriction. Un mecanisme de restriction d'une sorte ou d'une autre a ete trouve dans pratiquement chaque phage examine. Dans cette revue sont decrits les mecanismes utilises pour les bacteriophages de Bacillus subtilis et Escherichia coli
Response of Vitamins on the Growth Criteria and Some Mteabolic Activities of Stressed Scenedesums Obliquus Cultures

The unicellular green alga Scendesmus obliquus was cultured under different concentrations (1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 ppm) of either CoCl2 or NiCl2 and treated with 200 ppm applied vitamins [Pyridoxine (vitamin (B6) and riboflavin (vitamin (B2)]. The growth criteria (cell number and dry weight), total photosynthetic pigments, total proteins, proline and free amino acids contents were significantly increased up to the level 3 ppm of either CoCl2 or NiCl2.Thereabove, all these contents were significantly decreased, when the algal culture subjected to the higher levels (4.5 and 6 ppm) of both CoCl2 and NiCl2.However,the soluble proteins and proline contents were significantly increase, when the algal cultures subjected to higher levels of both CoCl2 and NiCl2. All these contents were compared with those of the control cultures. On the other side, treatment Scenedesmus obliquus cultures with 200 ppm of either pyridoxine (vitamin (B6) or riboflavin (vitamin (B2) and subjected to the different levels (1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 ppm) of CoCl2 and NiCl2, the growth parameters (cell number and dry weight), total photosynthetic pigments, total proteins content, proline and free amino acids contents were significantly increased. All these parameters content were compared with that those of the control cultures. In this respect, the soluble proteins and proline contents of Scenedesmus obliquus were significantly decreased, when the algal culture subjected to the different levels (1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 ppm) of CoCl2 and NiCl2 and treated with 200 ppm applied vitamins either pyridoxine (vitamin (B6) or riboflavin (vitamin B2).
Coherence-based contrast ultrasound diffusion imaging for prostate cancer detection

Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in men in western countries. The use of efficient focal therapies is currently hampered by limitations in early prostate cancer detection. With limited success, several quantitative ultrasound perfusion imaging methods have aimed at detection of microvascular changes associated to cancer growth. Alternatively, we recently introduced contrast ultrasound diffusion imaging, hypothesizing that these complex microvascular changes are better reflected by diffusion than by perfusion. In this paper we introduce the analysis of spatial similarity as an indirect estimation of diffusion. The passage of an intravenously injected contrast-agent bolus is recorded by transrectal ultrasound imaging, thereby measuring indicator dilution curves with a pixel resolution. The spatial similarity among these curves, within a kernel determined by the ultrasound scanner resolution, is estimated using coherence analysis. The coherence images generated from four patients were compared with histology data on a pixel basis. The results show a receiver operating characteristic curve area of 0.91, higher than that of any perfusion-related parameter. Although a method optimization and an extensive validation are required, these results confirm the promising value of contrast ultrasound diffusion imaging for prostate cancer detection.
Double-Densified Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Bundles for Application in 3D Integration High Aspect Ratio TSV Interconnects

The treatment of densification by vapor on pristine MWCNT bundles are necessary to improve the effective area of the CNT TSV. However, the CNT bundles might tilt partly because of the non-uniform densification at root of the bundle, especially when it comes to the high aspect ratio CNT bundles. In order to solve these problems, a double densification process has been proposed and developed here. First of all, the shape of partial densified CNT bundles were optimized as a function of time. After several steps such as transferring of partial densified CNT bundles into the via, second densification, epoxy filling and chemical mechanical polishing, the CNT filled TSV with aspect ratio of 10 was achieved. The current voltage response of the CNT TSV interconnection indicated good electrical connection was formed. The resistivity of CNT bundles in via was calculated to be around 2-3 mΩ·cm.
Efecto de Las Características de la Empresa en la Administración de Recursos Humanos: Cuatro Estudios de Casos de Empresas Agrícolas Grandes Chilenas

Se realiza un analisis de los efectos de variables externas sobre la configuracion del sistema de recursos humanos en empresas agricolas grandes chilenas. Los factores considerados fueron: tipo de rubro productivo, estructura de la propiedad, intensidad del cambio tecnologico y cambios en el mercado laboral. Se proponen criterios de categorizacion basados en el grado de formalizacion de las evaluaciones del desempeno y el grado de diferenciacion de las estructuras organizacionales. Se derivaron hipotesis del comportamiento observable y fueron evaluadas en cuatro estudios de casos seleccionados en base a diferencias en el tipo de rubro productivo y estructura de la propiedad. Se concluye que: las empresas de rubros distintos presentan diferentes sistemas producto de las diferencias en la naturaleza de las tareas y los desafios competitivos; las empresas familiares y profesionalizadas se diferencian principalmente en el grado de formalidad de sus procedimientos; el efecto es menos notorio en las empresas avicolas, donde los desafios competitivos han determinado una convergencia de los sistemas; la tendencia a formalizar procedimientos permite manejar variables nuevas como el uso de contratistas y permite asignar responsabilidades a los mandos medios. Los cambios tecnologicos y del mercado laboral han generado cambios en las practicas de recursos humanos y existe consenso entre los administradores en la necesidad futura de ofrecer trabajos con un mayor grado de responsabilidad, menor exigencia fisica y mejor remunerados, lo que implica la incorporacion de tecnologias.
Monitoring symbiotic gene expression in Rhizobium sp. NGR234

Rhizobium sp. NGR234 has the largest capacity to nodulate legumes of any soil bacterium known. Its genome comprises three replicons: a 536 kb symbiotic plasmid, a c.a. 2,000 kb mega-plasmid, and a 3,700 kb chromosome. Sequencing the 536 kb plasmid, pNGR234a showed that apart from nodE, nodG, and nodPQ, most Nod-factor biosynthetic genes are plasmid-borne, and regulated by a number of transcriptional regulators of the LysR family. Of these, NodD1 is of primary importance. It is activated by a variety of phenolic compounds found in the rhizospheres of plants, and the NodD1-flavonoid complex enhances expression of nod-box controlled genes. A second part of the broad host-range of NGR234 can be attributed to the 16 nod-genes which are responsible for the elaboration of a large family (>80 members) of lipo-oligos accharidic Nod-factors. A further 10 genes (rhcC1 to rhcV) encode functions necessary for the elaboration of the bacterial type III protein secretion system (TTSS). The TTSS is an essential component of pathogenicity in both animal (e.g. Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia) and plant (Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Xanthomonas) pathogens. Secretion of at least two proteins is controlled by the TTSS of NGR234 and occurs after flavonoid induction. Inactivation of the TTSS by insertional mutagenesis blocks the secretion of both proteins, and strongly affects the ability of NGR234 to nodulate a variety of tropical legumes including Pachyrhizus tuberosus and Tephrosia vogelii. High resolution transcription analysis of pNGR234 a shows that many more genes than the known nod, nol, rhc, nif and fix loci are transcribed under symbiotic conditions. This, together with the large number of newly discovered symbiotic promoters suggests that many more genes than previously thought are necessary for a functional symbiosis.
An adaptive method based on QRCP decomposition for single sample problem

In this paper, an adaptive approximation image reconstruction method based on orthogonal triangular with column pivoting (QRCP) decomposition algorithm is proposed for single sample problem in face recognition. By using QRCP the single sample and its transpose are decomposed to two sets of basis images. Then an adaptive approximation image reconstruction method is proposed to reconstruct two approximation images from the two basis image sets respectively. The single training sample and its two approximation images of each object form a new training set, which can make the fisher linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) be applied to single sample problem in face recognition. The performance of the proposed method is verified on Yale, FERET, and ORL face databases. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is efficient and outperforms some existing methods which are proposed to overcome the single sample problem.