Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AALPS A Knowledge-Based System for Aircraft Loading

T he automated air load planning system (AALPS)-a knowledge-based expert system using the expertise of highly trained loadmasters-helps users perform the com* plex task of loading military cargo planes. SRI developed the system through close interaction with users and domain experts; the Army now employs it daily. In this article, we (1) describe the complex set of constraints driving the AALPS planning function, (2) outline the steps in the system's development, (3) review the problem representation and reasoning methods used, and (4) discuss the system's success as shown by its widespread use. AALPS grew out of the US Army's data distribution system testbed (ADDS), established by the Army and DARPA at Fort Bragg, North Carolina in 1979.1 A C130 airdrop delivery. * During this period, Army users at Fort Bragg identified the need to develop an automated tool for planeach aircraft type, the system then outputs an arrangening and executing aircraft loads in real time. Previous ment of equipment satisfying equipment, aircraft, and approaches for developing such a tool had been mission requirements. Once at the airfield, preplanned unsuccessful because they relied on computationally missions can be brought up by the system, and planintensive optimization techniques, and because they ning parameters can be replaced with actual informalacked the flexibility for modifying either the loading tion obtained at the marshaling area. In this way, the strategy or the many constraints restricting sets of system revalidates generated loads as required by runallowable cargo arrangements. By employing Al techtime mission requirements. niques and a sufficiently flexible spatial representaThe system also evaluates the consequences of partion, however, we were able to model the heuristic ticular loading strategies-a key factor in long-range techniques commonly used by experts to load aircraft. planning and feasibility studies comparing current Automatically generating valid cargo loads (that is, Army policies and equipment with proposed replaceones satisfying all constraints while making good use ments to see how changes will affect deployment. For of available space), AALPS assists transportation example, a new and slightly larger truck model might officers in their day-to-day planning for mission conreplace two of an older model-thereby affecting the tingencies as well as for real-time load planning at the number or type of aircraft needed to carry them. airfield. Typically, users specify a list of equipment to Finally, AALPS verifies that user-derived loads be loaded and the types of aircraft to be used. For satisfy all problem-specific constraints. AALPS'
Formal modeling and analysis of atomic commitment protocols

The formal specification and mechanical verification of an atomic commitment protocol (ACP) for distributed real-time and fault-tolerant databases is presented. As an example, the non-blocking ACP of Babaoglu and Toueg (1993) is analyzed. An error in their termination protocol for recovered participants has been detected. We propose a new termination protocol which has been proved correct formally. To stay close to the original formulation of the protocol, timed state machines are used to specify the processes, whereas the communication mechanism between processes is defined using assertions. Formal verification has been performed incrementally: adding recovery from crashes only after having proved the basic protocol. The verification system PVS was used to deal with the complexity of this fault-tolerant protocol.
Tradeoffs Between AC Power Quality and DC Bus Ripple for 3-Phase 3-Wire Inverter-Connected Devices Within Microgrids

Visions of future power systems contain high penetrations of inverters which are used to convert power from dc (direct current) to ac (alternating current) or vice versa. The behavior of these devices is dependent upon the choice and implementation of the control algorithms. In particular, there is a tradeoff between dc bus ripple and ac power quality. This study examines the tradeoffs. Four control modes are examined. Mathematical derivations are used to predict the key implications of each control mode. Then, an inverter is studied both in simulation and in hardware at the 10 kVA scale, in different microgrid environments of grid impedance and power quality. It is found that voltage-drive mode provides the best ac power quality, but at the expense of high dc bus ripple. Sinusoidal current generation and dual-sequence controllers provide relatively low dc bus ripple and relatively small effects on power quality. High-bandwidth dc bus ripple minimization mode works well in environments of low grid impedance, but is highly unsuitable within higher impedance microgrid environments and/or at low switching frequencies. The findings also suggest that the certification procedures given by G5/4, P29 and IEEE 1547 are potentially not adequate to cover all applications and scenarios.
Vitreous Humor as an Alternative Sample to Blood for the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Morphine and 6-Monoacetylmorphine

The use of vitreous humor as an alternative sample to blood was investigated for the detection of heroin abuse by quantifying levels of morphine and 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) in post-mortem samples. The levels achieved in each of the two toxicological specimens were compared on a case-to-case basis to determine if a correlation existed. A total of 20 positive morphine cases were examined. In general, the levels of morphine in blood were higher than in the corresponding vitreous humor samples, with some correlation existing. 6-MAM was found in 15 blood samples and 17 vitreous humor samples. Although no correlation was found between the levels of 6-MAM in blood and vitreous humor, the latter may still be used for verification of heroin abuse.
Protecting Elections with Minimal Resource Consumption

In democratic elections, malicious agents may attempt to control elections to achieve their own goals. To guarantee impartiality, it is necessary to protect the election outcomes from control. In this paper, we consider how to protect election outcome from control using minimal resources. We assume malicious agents attempt to prevent a specific candidate from winning a democratic election with plurality rule through denial-of-service (deletion) attacks on voter groups (e.g., polling places). First, we show that the problem is NP-hard. Second, we propose a (|C|-1)-approximation algorithm for the problem, where |C| is the number of candidates. Finally, we validate the efficiency of our approximation algorithm based on simulation experiments.
Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics in children during induction for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A pilot study

Thrombosis in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) can develop after treatment with L‐asparaginase (asp) and is often localized to the central nervous system (CNS). We hypothesize that changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome will occur after asp therapy and will anticipate CNS clots.
Cigarette Smoking and Health: A Radical View

body are non-radicals, but a few radicals are present. Thus most of the oxygen (0 ) we breathe in is used by the electron transport chain ofmitochondria to make ATP, the major energy currency of the cell. However, some 0, (about 1-3 % of the total) goes to make an oxygen-derived free radical, superoxide (02°-). The superscript dot is used to define a free radical. Left to itself, O2°undergoes a di.rmutation reaction. One molecule of O2°is oxidized to Oz and the other reduced to hydrogen peroxide, H202’ The overall reaction is
Relationship between biochemical and virological responses to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C infection

We have investigated the relationship between serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the assessment of responses to interferon (IFN) therapy in chronic HCV infection. Data from 704 patients with HCV infection who were randomized to receive consensus IFN‐α (CIFN) 3μg (n=232 patients) or 9μg (n=232 patients), or IFN‐α2b 3 million units (MU) (n=240 patients), were used for these analyses. All patients were treated three times weekly for 24 weeks and then were observed for a further 24 weeks. Hepatitis C viral RNA (HCV RNA) was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) with a lower limit of detection of 100 copiesml–1. Of patients with normal serum ALT concentrations, 53% (120/225) had undetectable HCV RNA at the end‐of‐treatment period and 47% (51/109) had undetectable HCV RNA at the end of the post‐treatment observation period. In contrast, of the patients with undetectable HCV RNA, 75% (120/161) and 84% (51/61) had normal serum ALT activities at the end‐of‐treatment and post‐treatment observations periods, respectively. The majority of patients with undetectable HCV RNA had normal ALT values. In contrast, only half of the patients with normal ALT values were negative for HCV. End‐of‐treatment HCV RNA response also better predicted sustained virological response than did end‐of‐treatment ALT response.
Dynamic Subtitle Placement Considering the Region of Interest and Speaker Location

: This paper presents a subtitle placement method that reduces unnecessary eye movements. Although methods that vary the position of subtitles have been discussed in a previous study, subtitles may overlap the region of interest (ROI). Therefore, we propose a dynamic subtitling method that utilizes eye-tracking data to avoid the subtitles from overlapping with important regions. The proposed method calculates the ROI based on the eye-tracking data of multiple viewers. By positioning subtitles immediately under the ROI, the subtitles do not overlap the ROI. Furthermore, we detect speakers in a scene based on audio and visual information to help viewers recognize the speaker by positioning subtitles near the speaker. Experimental results show that the proposed method enables viewers to watch the ROI and the subtitle in longer duration than traditional subtitles, and is effective in terms of enhancing the comfort and utility of the viewing experience.
Effects of chronic hepatic dysfunction on pulmonary glutathione homeostasis.

BACKGROUND The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with pre-existing cirrhosis of the liver is associated with very high mortality. One possible cause may be alteration of pulmonary antioxidant capacity as a result of chronic hepatic dysfunction. Glutathione (GSH) is the most substantial nonprotein thiol in living organisms and likely plays a key role in neutralizing the oxidants and reactive oxygen species that are increased in ARDS. The lung is unable to synthesize GSH and is dependent on the liver. During periods of oxidant stress, individuals may exhibit relative deficiencies of GSH. With cirrhosis, the end result of chronic alcohol ingestion, this deficiency is more profound. METHODS Sixteen stable subjects with cirrhosis primarily due to alcohol consumption and 15 healthy controls underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage with concurrent measurement of GSH in the plasma and the alveolar epithelial lining fluid (ELF). RESULTS For standardizing for saline dilution of the epithelial lining fluid as a result of bronchoalveolar lavage, GSH values are expressed in relation to immunoglobulin A (IgA). GSH in the ELF was profoundly reduced in the cirrhotic group [12.5 microg of GSH per microg of IgA (5.3-16.9 microg)] compared with the control group [64.0 microg of GSH per microg of IgA (55.1-242.5 microg); < 0.001]. The ratio of oxidized GSH to total GSH in the ELF was also significantly increased in the cirrhotic group [9.2% (5.1-16.4%) vs. 3.4% (1.7-5.7%); p < 0.003]. CONCLUSIONS Despite a total reduction in GSH concentrations in the alveolar epithelial lining fluid of individuals with cirrhosis, the amount of oxidized GSH is increased. There is increased utilization of GSH despite the low supply in stable individuals with cirrhosis during steady state. These perturbations in GSH homeostasis in the alveolar epithelial lining fluid may be a factor in the poor outcomes seen in these individuals with ARDS.
Characterization of a Discontinuous Neutralizing Epitope on Glycoprotein B of Human Cytomegalovirus

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitously distributed pathogen that causes severe disease in immunosuppressed patients and newborn infants infected in utero. The viral envelope glycoprotein B (gB) is an attractive molecule for active vaccination and passive immunoprophylaxis and therapy. Using human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), we have recently identified antigenic region 4 (AD-4) on gB as an important target for neutralizing antibodies. AD-4 is formed by a discontinuous sequence comprising amino acids 121 to 132 and 344 to 438 of gB of HCMV strain AD169. To map epitopes for human antibodies on this protein domain, we used a three-dimensional (3D) model of HCMV gB to identify surface-exposed amino acids on AD-4 and selected juxtaposed residues for alanine scans. A tyrosine (Y) at position 364 and a lysine (K) at position 379 (the YK epitope), which are immediate neighbors on the AD-4 surface, were found to be essential for binding of the human MAbs. Recognition of AD-4 by sera from HCMV-infected individuals also was largely dependent on these two residues, indicating a general importance for the antibody response against AD-4. A panel of AD-4 recombinant viruses harboring mutations at the crucial antibody binding sites was generated. The viruses showed significantly reduced susceptibility to neutralization by AD-4-specific MAbs or polyclonal AD-4-specific antibodies, indicating that the YK epitope is dominant for the AD-4-specific neutralizing antibody response during infection. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular identification of a functional discontinuous epitope on HCMV gB. Induction of antibodies specific for this epitope may be a desirable goal following vaccination with gB.
Improving the operation of a flying dividing shear by using Direct Torque Control

The paper describes how a Direct Torque Control (DTC) drive technology has been applied to provide improved torque control of a Flying Dividing Shear (FDS) system in a steel rolling mill. The control system has a supervisory level ensured by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The FDS is a highly dynamic, high speed application load and requires a high performance torque control drive for the purpose of the accuracy of the cutting process. During the FDS cutting mode, the bar profile has a very high linear speed, fact which represents a challenge the accuracy of the cut length. During the FDS cutting mode, depending on the bar length, the original DTC drive experienced overcurrent faults that cause production downtimes. A model of the overall system has been developed and has been used to provide the parameters for simulating the system. This has allowed the FDS operation to be analyzed and the FDS control system properly developed and tuned-up to obtain the required performance. The simulated DTC induction motor (IM) drive has been compared with the existing system from a steel plant. Measured data from the original system in the steel mill are compared with simulation results. This comparison shows that the system has been successfully simulated to determine a suitable agreement to the FDS operation. These measured and simulated results are also shown in the paper. Conclusions from this project are discussed.
Stability of the ankle joint. Analysis of the function and traumatology of the ankle ligaments.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the function of the ligamentous structures of the ankle joint, the traumas in which they may rupture, and the types of instability caused by such ruptures. Most previous experimental investigations on the function of ankle ligaments have been performed on osteoligamentous preparations either by forcing a movement in the joint into more or less well-defined directions and observing the resulting injuries or else by cutting ligaments in various combinations and describing the resulting instability. As a rule, this has been done without inducing the increased mobility by a defined torque and without being able to demonstrate the instability continuously in all degrees of dorsi- or plantar flexion. On the basis of these previous studies, the anterior talofibular ligament appears to limit internal rotation, while its role in adduction of the talus has not been clarified. The calcaneofibular ligament per se does not seem to be a factor in adduction. True, there is not complete agreement in this respect, and a few authors have been able to rupture this ligament in isolation by forced adduction. The posterior talofibular ligament seems to restrict dorsiflexion, and perhaps it plays a role, in conjunction with the calcaneofibular ligament, in adduction when the ankle joint is in dorsiflexion. The anterior tibiofibular ligament, and the distal tibiofibular structures on the whole, are assumed to limit external rotation, but it has not been clarified whether they influence adduction and abduction in the ankle joint. Little has been reported about the individual structures which make up the deltoid ligament, as most authors have not distinguished them from each other. However, in combination with the anterior talofibular ligament, the tibiotalar ligament seems to limit the translatory forward gliding of the talus - the so-called anterior drawer sign - and together they presumably inhibit plantar flexion. It has not been possible to find any description of the function of the intermediate tibiotalar ligament, while the posterior tibiotalar ligament has been reported by one author to inhibit internal rotation. Judging by the literature, the function of the tibiocalcaneal ligament seems comprehensive, since it is reported to limit external rotation, dorsiflexion, as well as plantar flexion. The present investigations were divided into three phases: Phase 1 was concerned with elucidating the correlation of injuries to the lateral collateral ligaments to internal rotatory instability, talar tilt, and the anterior drawer sign. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Behavior genetics: Past, present, future

Abstract The disciplines of developmental psychopathology and behavior genetics are concerned with many of the same questions about the etiology and course of normal and abnormal behavior and about the factors that promote typical development despite the presence of risk. The goal of this paper is to summarize how research in behavior genetics has shed light on questions that are central to developmental psychopathology. We briefly review the origins of behavior genetics, summarize the findings that have been gleaned from several decades of quantitative and molecular genetics research, and describe future directions for research that will delineate gene function as well as pathways from genes to brain to behavior. The importance of environmental contributions, at both genetic and epigenetic levels, will be discussed. We conclude that behavior genetics has made significant contributions to developmental psychopathology by documenting the interplay among risk and protective factors at multiple levels of the organism, by clarifying the causal status of risk exposures, and by identifying factors that account for change and stability in psychopathology. As the tools to identify gene function become increasingly sophisticated, and as behavioral geneticists become increasingly interdisciplinary in their scope, the field is poised to make ever greater contributions to our understanding of typical and atypical development.
Color extension and noise reduction method for the smallest module system

Adaptive tone mapping improves the luminance value of the low-light area in an image. A captured image in low light environments has high probability that noise is generated. Therefore, when Luminance of Low-light is enhanced, color noise is increased and also original color tone is changed. This paper proposes color extension and noise reduction method that not uses memories in the event of hardware implementation and can apply to in small module system.
Prevalence of prediabetes and metabolic syndrome and their association in an Iraqi sample

Background: Prediabetes and are increasing in prevalence all over the world, they each carry risks to the future development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. These risks will be greatly exaggerated if they occur together in the same individual. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence and the association of prediabetes and metabolic syndrome, in addition to analyzing the correlation of the risk factors that lead to their development. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, simple random study that included 300 Iraqi individuals, aged between 30-75 years, who accepted to take part in this study were recruited. Result: Prevalence of prediabetes and metabolic syndrome was (33.66%) and (42%) respectively. Patients with prediabetes had 9.82 times the odd of having metabolic syndrome and is significantly associated (P value <0.001) Conclusion: Prediabetes and metabolic syndrome are not only common but also significantly associated with each other, increasing the burden on public health care and needs to be addressed globally.
Attaching effacement of the rabbit enterocyte brush border is encoded on a single 96.5-kilobase-pair plasmid in an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O111 strain

An enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPE) O111 serotype a,b,H- strain carried the following four plasmids: pLV501 (96.5 kilobase pairs [kbp]) specifying resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and kanamycin; pLV502 (8 kbp) specifying ampicillin resistance; pLV503 (1.9 kbp) specifying streptomycin resistance; and pLV504 (80 kbp) with no resistance markers. This EPEC attached to HEp-2 cells to produce localized clumps of bacteria (localized adhesion) and attached intimately to the enterocyte surface, leading to loss of the brush border (attaching effacement). Plasmid pLV501 was also found to specify the ability to produce localized adhesion on HEp-2 cells and attaching effacement in a rabbit ileal explant model system. Restriction maps showed considerable dissimilarities between pLV501 and pMAR-2, an EPEC plasmid carrying the EPEC adherence factor (EAF) genes. Furthermore, pLV501 did not hybridize with the EAF probe, whereas pLV504 did. There was sequence homology between pLV501 and large plasmids in all seven other well-characterized EPEC, only five of which hybridized with the EAF probe. These findings indicate that pLV501 carries at least one of the genes responsible for production of the brush border damage characteristic of EPEC.