Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stellar models with mixing length and T(tau) relations calibrated on 3D convection simulations

(abridged) The calculation of the thermal stratification in the superadiabatic layers of stellar models with convective envelopes is a long standing problem of stellar astrophysics, and has a major impact on predicted observational properties like radius and effective temperature. The Mixing Length Theory, almost universally used to model the superadiabatic convective layers, contains effectively one free parameter to be calibrated --alpha(ml)-- whose value controls the resulting effective temperature. Here we present the first self-consistent stellar evolution models calculated by employing the atmospheric temperature stratification, Rosseland opacities, and calibrated variable alpha(ml) (dependent on effective temperature and surface gravity) from a large suite of three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations of stellar convective envelopes and atmospheres for solar stellar composition (Trampedach et al. 2013). From our calculations (with the same composition of the radiation hydrodynamics simulations), we find that the effective temperatures of models with the hydro-calibrated variable alpha(ml) display only minor differences, by at most ~30-50 K, compared to models calculated at constant solar alpha(ml). The depth of the convective regions is essentially the same in both cases. We have also analyzed the role played by the hydro-calibrated T(tau) relationships in determining the evolution of the model effective temperatures, when compared to alternative T(tau) relationships often used in stellar model computations. The choice of the T(tau) can have a larger impact than the use of a variable alpha(ml) compared to a constant solar value. We found that the solar semi-empirical T(tau) by Vernazza et al. (1981) provides stellar model effective temperatures that agree quite well with the results with the hydro-calibrated relationships.
A study of radar backscattering on multi-scale bi-dimensional rough surfaces

The principal objective of the present work is to find an adequate description of natural rough surfaces in order to study backscattering from these surfaces and try in a future work to retrieve soil characteristic parameters. Previous work has shown the inadequacy of the classical description which considered rough surfaces as stationary random Gaussian processes. They proposed a multi-scale surface description considering one-dimensional surfaces and incorporated it into the integral equation model (IEM). We extend this multi-scale description to the bi-dimensional case using the Mallat algorithm and we investigate its impact on radar backscattering.
A REVIEW ON KDD CUP99 AND NSL-KDD DATASET

: Continues use of network services for information and resource sharing makes our work easier. But sometime the extensive use network services leads many problems in the form accessibility of data. Detection of attacks or intrusions on the network is a serious issue of concern for the researchers. I System solves the purpose of detecting intrusion on the network. Huge amount of data is required to simulate the powerful Intrusion Detection System (IDS) model as well as to train and testing the model. which are most widely used by researchers to detect the intrusion in computer But the the form of attacks or intrusions which demolish not only the privacy but also the integrity and accessibility of data. Detection of attacks or intrusions on the network is a serious issue of concern for the researchers. I e of detecting intrusion on the network. Huge amount of data is required to simulate the powerful Intrusion Detection System (IDS) model as well as to train and testing the model. This paper, presents the review of datasets DARPA, KDDCup99 and NSL_KDD which are most widely used by researchers to detect the intrusion in computer network. DARPA, NSL_KDD, KDDCup99. not only the privacy but also the integrity and accessibility of data. Detection of attacks or intrusions on the network is a serious issue of concern for the researchers. Intrusion Detection e of detecting intrusion on the network. Huge amount of data is required to simulate the powerful Intrusion Detection
Reliable and load balance-aware multi-controller deployment in SDN

Software Defined Networking (SDN) provides flexible network management by decoupling control plane and data plane. However, such separation introduces the issues regarding the reliability of the control plane and controller load imbalance in the distributed SDN network, which will cause the low network stability and the poor controller performance. This paper proposes Reliable and Load balance-aware Multi-controller Deployment (RLMD) strategy to address the above problems. Firstly, we establish a multiple-controller network model and define the relevant parameters for RLMD. Then, we design the corresponding algorithms to implement this strategy. By weighing node efficiency and path quality, Controller Placement Selection (CPS) algorithm is introduced to explore the reliable deployments of the controllers. On this basis, we design Multiple Domain Partition (MDP) algorithm to allocate switches for controllers according to node attractability and controller load balancing rate, which could realize the reasonable domain planning. Finally, the simulations show that, compared with the typical strategies, RLMD has the better performance in improving the reliability of the control plane and balancing the distribution of the controller loads.
Pediatric obesity: A review(โรคอ้วนในเด็ก)

Pediatric obesity is becoming a challenging disorder in recent times and needs a proper approach in order to prevent future threats. The causes and consequences related to pediatric obesity need immediate attention, in order to prevent health-related complications. This review focuses an overview on pediatric obesity including risk factors, diagnosis, complications, and treatment. Due to the limitation in use and efficacy of each treatment method, preventive strategies including dietary modification, exercise and behavioral modification are recommended for the entire family and obese children.
Cancer and mTOR inhibitors in kidney transplantation recipients

Background Previous studies show that mTOR inhibitors decrease the risk of cancer development after kidney transplantation. However, the effect of cumulative doses of mTOR inhibitors on cancer after kidney transplantation is not well known. Methods In the current study, patients were registered into a national database in Taiwan. Between year 2000 and 2013, 4,563 patients received kidney transplantation. They were divided into two groups, according to mTOR inhibitors usage. The cumulative dose of mTOR inhibitors was recorded. Patients were followed-up until de novo cancer development, death, or the end of 2014. Results Patients were divided into two groups: mTOR inhibitors users (study group, n = 828) and mTOR inhibitors non-users (control group, n = 3,735). The median follow-up duration was 7.8 years. The risk of de novo cancer (hazards ratio (HR) 0.80, 95% CI [0.60–1.09], p = 0.16) and risk of death (HR 1.14, 95% CI [0.82–1.60], p = 0.43) was not different between mTOR inhibitor user and non-user groups. Neither high- nor low-dose exposure to mTOR inhibitors was associated with increased risk of cancer or mortality. Analysis of cancer subtypes showed no influence by mTOR inhibitors. In addition, the cause of mortality was not significantly different between the two groups. Discussion We could not find the association of mTOR inhibitors use and risk of de novo cancer development or mortality in patients with kidney transplantation in Chinese patients. Cumulative exposure to mTOR inhibitors did not change the results.
MAGNETIC RECONNECTION AS THE CAUSE OF COSMIC RAY EXCESS FROM THE HELIOSPHERIC TAIL

The observation of a broad excess of sub-TeV cosmic rays compatible with the direction of the heliospheric tail and the discovery of two significant localized excess regions of multi-TeV cosmic rays by the MILAGRO Collaboration, also from the same region of the sky, have raised questions on their origin. In particular, the coincidence of the most significant localized region with the direction of the heliospheric tail and the small angular scale of the observed anisotropy (∼10°) is suggestive of a local origin and of a possible connection to the low-energy broad excess. Cosmic ray acceleration from magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail is proposed as a possible source of the energetic particles.
The distribution of the proteoglycan FORSE‐1 in the developing mouse central nervous system

Glycosylation is a major post‐translational modification in which a carbohydrate known as a glycan is enzymatically attached to target proteins which regulate protein folding and stability. Glycans are strongly expressed in the developing nervous system where they play multiple roles during development. The importance of these glycan epitopes in neural development is highlighted by a group of conditions known as congenital disorders of glycosylation which lead to psychomotor difficulties, mental retardation, lissencephaly, microencephaly and epilepsy. One of these glycan epitopes, known as Lewis X, is recognised by the FORSE‐1 antibody and is regionally expressed in the developing nervous system. In this study, we report the regional and temporal expression patterns of FORSE‐1 immunolabelling during the periods of neurogenesis, gliogenesis and axonogenesis in developing mouse nervous system. We demonstrate the localisation of FORSE‐1 on subsets of neuroepithelial cells and radial glial cells, and in compartments corresponding to axon tract formation. These spatial, temporal and regional expression patterns are suggestive of roles in the determination of different cell lineages and in the patterning of white matter during development, and help provide insights into the neuroanatomical regions affected by congenital disorders of glycosylation.
Reinforcement learning and chess

In this chapter we present TDLeaf(λ), a variation on the TD(λ) algorithm that enables it to be used in conjunction with game-tree search. We present some experiments in which our chess program KNIGHTCAP used TDLeaf(λ) to learn its evaluation function while playing on Internet chess servers. The main success we report is that KNIGHTCAP improved from a 1650 rating to a 2150 rating in just 308 games and 3 days of play. As a reference, a rating of 1650 corresponds to about level B human play (on a scale from E (1000) to A (1800)), while 2150 is human master level. We discuss some of the reasons for this success, principle among them being the use of on-line, rather than self-play (or play with respect to some other distribution of opponents). We also investigate whether TDLeaf(λ) can yield better results in the domain of backgammon, where TD(λ) has previously yielded striking success.
Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources

This study developed an antimicrobial hydrogel to control Listeria monocytogenes in Yukhoe (Korean beef tartare). Four hydrogels (hydrogel 1: 5% alginate+1% chitosan+0.2% CaCl2, hydrogel 2: 1% κ-carrageenan+1% chitosan, hydrogel 3: 2% κ-carrageenan+1% CaCl2, and hydrogel 4: 2% κ-carrageenan+3% CaCl2) were prepared. The hydrogels then absorbed 0.1% grapefruit seed extract (GSE) and 0.1% citrus extract (CE) for 30, 60, 120, and 240 min to be antimicrobial hydrogels. To select the most effective antimicrobial hydrogel, their swelling ratio (SR) and antilisterial activities were determined. The selected hydrogel (2×2 cm) was then placed on surface of beef (round; 3×3 cm), where L. monocytogenes (ca. 106 CFU/g) were inoculated, and the cell counts were enumerated on PALCAM agar. Among the hydrogels, the SR of hydrogel 1 increased with absorbing time, but other hydrogels showed no significant changes. Antimicrobial hydrogel 1 showed higher (p<0.05) antilisterial activity than other antimicrobial hydrogels, especially for the one absorbed the antimicrobial for 120 min. Thus, the antimicrobial hydrogel 1 absorbed antimicrobials for 120 min was applied on raw beef at 4°C, and reduced (p<0.05) more than 90% of L. monocytogenes on raw beef. These results indicate that antimicrobial hydrogel 1 formulated with 0.1% GSE or 0.1% CE is appropriate to improve the safety of Yukhoe by reducing psychrotrophic L. monocytogenes cell counts on raw beef.
Mitochondrial DNA variability in honeybees and its phylogeographic implications

Summary &mdash; A physical map of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L) has been established with 17 restriction enzymes (46 sites). Elements of the genic map have been inferred from sequence data. The superimposition of both maps indicate that the gene order is quite similar between honeybee and Drosophila. The total length of the mitochondrial genome falls between 16 500 and 17 000 bp. This range is due to several regions exhibiting length polymorphisms. Two of them overlap with the control region, but a third one is unexpectedly located between the CO-I and CO-II genes. This last polymorphism is explained by the occurrence of variable numbers of 2 related sequences, called P and Q, which arose through tandem duplication. Sequence data from 3 regions of the mtDNA genome can be used to infer a phylogenetic tree for 4 Apis species: the re-sulting tree topology, (florea(dorsata(cerana,mellifera))), confirms the phylogeny based on morphom-etry and behavior. The mtDNA variability of Apis mellifera indicates 3 major lineages: African colonies (lineage A) including intermissa, adansonii, scutellata, capensis and monticola subspecies; mellifera colonies (lineage M); ligustica, carnica and caucasica colonies (lineage C). This distribution is very similar to the 3 evolutionary branches inferred from morphometric analysis by Ruttner. The main difference concerns the branch M which, according to Ruttner, includes also intermissa and iberica. From an Asian origin, 3 evolutionary branches colonized respectively northern Europe (M), the north-Mediterranean region (C) and Africa (A). Based on the Drosophila evolutionary rate, this divergence would have occurred between 300 000 and 1300 000 bp.
Fast Electromigration Immortality Analysis for Multisegment Copper Interconnect Wires

In this paper, we present a novel and fast electromigration (EM) immortality check for general multisegment interconnect wires. Instead of using current density as the key parameter, as in traditional EM analysis methods based on Black’s equation and the Blech limit, the new method estimates the EM-induced steady-state stress in general multisegment copper interconnect wires based on a novel parameter, Critical EM Voltage, ${V_{\mathrm { Crit,EM}}}$ . We show that the ${V}_{\mathrm { Crit,EM}}$ is essentially the natural, but important, extension of the Blech limit concept, which describes the EM immortality condition for a single segment wire, to more general multisegment interconnect wires. The proposed method, called voltage-based EM (VBEM) method, mitigates the problem of current-density-based EM criteria, which can only be applied to a single wire. The new VBEM method can naturally comprehend the impact of the topology of the wire structure on EM-induced stress. As a result, this new VBEM analysis method is very amenable to addressing EM violations, as it brings new optimization capabilities to the physical design flow. The VBEM stress estimation method is based on the fundamental steady-state stress equations. This approach avoids computationally intensive numerical methods and can be implemented in CAD tools very easily, as we demonstrate on real design examples. We also show that the proposed VBEM analysis method agrees with results from the finite difference method in the steady state through one example and also agrees with one published closed-form expression of steady-state stress for a special 3-terminal wire case. Furthermore, we compare VBEM against the COMSOL finite element analysis tool and another published EM numerical simulator XSim, validated by measured results, which shows that VBEM agrees with both of them very well in terms of accuracy and thus further validates the proposed method. We also study the impact of current crowding in practical interconnect wires on the estimated steady-state stress, which are shown to be not significant if the length of the wire is much greater than its width. An extension of the VBEM method to consider the significant current crowding effects is also shown and additionally, we analyze mesh-structured interconnect wires and demonstrate that the proposed VBEM method is correct and accurate on such structures.
Old Trade, New Tricks: Insights into the Spontaneous Mutation Process from the Partnering of Classical Mutation Accumulation Experiments with High-Throughput Genomic Approaches

Abstract Mutations spawn genetic variation which, in turn, fuels evolution. Hence, experimental investigations into the rate and fitness effects of spontaneous mutations are central to the study of evolution. Mutation accumulation (MA) experiments have served as a cornerstone for furthering our understanding of spontaneous mutations for four decades. In the pregenomic era, phenotypic measurements of fitness-related traits in MA lines were used to indirectly estimate key mutational parameters, such as the genomic mutation rate, new mutational variance per generation, and the average fitness effect of mutations. Rapidly emerging next-generating sequencing technology has supplanted this phenotype-dependent approach, enabling direct empirical estimates of the mutation rate and a more nuanced understanding of the relative contributions of different classes of mutations to the standing genetic variation. Whole-genome sequencing of MA lines bears immense potential to provide a unified account of the evolutionary process at multiple levels—the genetic basis of variation, and the evolutionary dynamics of mutations under the forces of selection and drift. In this review, we have attempted to synthesize key insights into the spontaneous mutation process that are rapidly emerging from the partnering of classical MA experiments with high-throughput sequencing, with particular emphasis on the spontaneous rates and molecular properties of different mutational classes in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of diverse taxa, the contribution of mutations to the evolution of gene expression, and the rate and stability of transgenerational epigenetic modifications. Future advances in sequencing technologies will enable greater species representation to further refine our understanding of mutational parameters and their functional consequences.
Structure-Based Networks for Drug Validation

Classifying chemicals according to putative modes of action (MOAs) is of paramount importance in the context of risk assessment. However, current methods are only able to handle a very small proportion of the existing chemicals. We address this issue by proposing an integrative deep learning architecture that learns a joint representation from molecular structures of drugs and their effects on human cells. Our choice of architecture is motivated by the significant influence of a drug's chemical structure on its MOA. We improve on the strong ability of a unimodal architecture (F1 score of 0.803) to classify drugs by their toxic MOAs (Verhaar scheme) through adding another learning stream that processes transcriptional responses of human cells affected by drugs. Our integrative model achieves an even higher classification performance on the LINCS L1000 dataset - the error is reduced by 4.6%. We believe that our method can be used to extend the current Verhaar scheme and constitute a basis for fast drug validation and risk assessment.
Using open source software in simulation: the IDF GF Battle Lab experience

One of the major challenges the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Ground Forces (GF) Battle Lab (BL) has been facing in recent years is the introduction of new simulation technologies and methods, under tight development schedule constraints. Introducing new technologies requires a "proof of concept" process in order to decide on the profitability of further development. Using Open Source software solutions in the BL helped make this process quicker and more efficient. The BL has been developing its proprietary Computer Generated Forces (CGF) for approximately 10 years. This CGF is mainly intended for simulating ground entities and has various capabilities for autonomous movement. Over the years, as the visual systems have improved and due to the introduction of urban environments simulation, the need for realistic movement characteristics, especially human, became important. An in-house solution, developed by the CGF team, appeared to consume too much development effort and was not extendable enough. After analyzing the problem and reviewing various third-party solutions, the CGF team decided on using an Open Source (OS) library called OpenSteer. Until recently, ground vehicle simulations in the BL used a low fidelity non-physical movement mode, based on ground clamping. In 2006 the BL got involved in research areas related to Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and human-robotics interactions. During early research stages it became clear that it would be necessary to simulate the UGV dynamics in higher fidelity than was done before. The development team decided to initiate the "proof of concept" process before full scale development. Therefore a quick solution for a high-fidelity vehicle simulation was searched for. After a brief review of third party solutions, an OS library, Open Dynamics Engine (ODE) was chosen. Developing a UGV simulation required an autonomous movement model which appeared to have similar characteristics to the one developed by the CGF team based on OpenSteer. Since OpenSteer was not originally intended for simulating rigid-body vehicles, the development team faced the challenge of integrating both products, OpenSteer and ODE. This paper will describe the steps taken in order to assimilate OS products in the BL simulation test-bed and lessons learned.