Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationships among infant sleep patterns, maternal fatigue, and development of depressive symptomatology.

BACKGROUND Postpartum depression is a serious condition for women after childbirth. Although its etiology is unclear, one potentially important predictive variable that has received little attention is maternal sleep deprivation. The objective of this study was to examine relationships among infant sleep patterns, maternal fatigue, and the development of postpartum depression in women with no major depressive symptomatology at 1 week postpartum. METHODS As part of a population-based postpartum depression study, 505 women who had an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score < 13 at 1 week postpartum completed questionnaires at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum. RESULTS Mothers exhibiting major depressive symptomatology (EPDS > 12) at 4 and 8 weeks were significantly more likely to report that their baby cried often, be woken up 3 times or more between 10 pm and 6 am, have received less than 6 hours of sleep in a 24-hour period over the past week, indicate that their baby did not sleep well, and think that their baby's sleep pattern did not allow them to get a reasonable amount of sleep. Consistent with these findings, mothers with an EPDS score > 12 were significantly more likely to respond that they often felt tired. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that infant sleep patterns and maternal fatigue are strongly associated with a new onset of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period, and provide support for the development of postpartum depression preventive interventions designed to reduce sleep deprivation in the early weeks postpartum.
Development of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

PURPOSE The timeline for development, types, mechanisms of action, characteristics, and nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies used in cancer treatment; characteristics of the ideal target antigen; and currently available monoclonal antibody products for the treatment of colorectal cancer that target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are described. SUMMARY The development of monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment has been a lengthy process, beginning more than a century ago. Monoclonal antibodies may be unconjugated or conjugated with a potent toxin or radioisotope. The immunogenicity of monoclonal antibodies depends on the species of the source, which is reflected in nomenclature. Progressive reductions in and eventual elimination of the mouse protein content in monoclonal antibodies led to decreases in immunogenicity and increases in plasma half-life as chimeric, humanized, and fully human monoclonal antibodies were developed. The isotype of the monoclonal antibody determines the mechanism of action and half-life while the specificity reflects affinity for the target antigen and cross reactivity with normal cells. The ideal target antigen for the monoclonal antibody is expressed in high numbers only on tumor cells, serves a function essential to cell survival, and is not shed or secreted. In colon cancer, EGFR is an ideal target as it is expressed in 25-77% of colorectal tumors, and it regulates cell division, repair, survival, and metastasis. Of the FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR, panitumumab has a higher binding affinity, is more potent in inhibiting EGFR, has a longer half-life, and is less immunogenic than cetuximab. Beyond inhibiting cell surface signaling receptors, another approach of monoclonal antibodies in colorectal cancer is interfering with receptor stimuli, such a VEGF. VEGF is a ligand that binds to receptors on endothelial cell surfaces, resulting in angiogenesis. Currently, the only FDA-approved monoclonal antibody targeting VEGF is bevacizumab, which upon binding to the VEGF ligand, inhibits angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Monoclonal antibody products currently available for the treatment of colorectal cancer are the result of years of research to identify therapeutic targets and develop safe and effective products. Ongoing research will continue to yield promising new targets and therapies.
El sistema de las profesiones y el profesional de la información

Reflection on the current evolution of the professions related with the information treatment in the frame of the system of professions from the point of view of the Sociology of Professions of Abbott and McGuire. The changes that are occurring in the system of professions as a consequence of the development of the knowledge society are analysed. It is concluded that a need exists that information professionals rethink from this new reality their role and their relationship with the labour market to respond to the new demands of the society
Evaluation of no evidence of disease activity in a 7-year longitudinal multiple sclerosis cohort.

IMPORTANCE With multiple and increasingly effective therapies for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), disease-free status or no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) has become a treatment goal and a new outcome measure. However, the persistence of NEDA over time and its predictive power for long-term prognosis are unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate NEDA during 7 years as measured by relapses, disability progression, and yearly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Patients were selected from the 2200-patient Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB) cohort study. Patients were required to have an initial diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome or relapsing-remitting MS and a minimum of 7 years of prospective follow-up that included yearly brain MRI and biannual clinical visits (n = 219). Patients were analyzed independent of disease-modifying therapy. Patients were classified as having early (recent-onset) MS if they were 5 years or less from their first MS symptom at enrollment or otherwise considered to have established MS (>5 years from onset). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES NEDA was defined as a composite that consisted of absence of relapses, no sustained Expanded Disability Status Scale score progression, and no new or enlarging T2 or T1 gadolinium-enhancing lesions on annual MRI. Relapses, progression, and MRI changes were also investigated as individual outcomes. RESULTS A total of 99 of 215 patients (46.0%) had NEDA for clinical and MRI measures at 1 year, but only 17 of 216 (7.9%) maintained NEDA status after 7 years. No differences were found in NEDA status between patients with early vs established MS. A dissociation was found between clinical and MRI disease activity. Each year, 30.6% (64 of 209) to 42.9% (93 of 217) of the cohort had evidence of either clinical or MRI disease activity but not both. NEDA at 2 years had a positive predictive value of 78.3% for no progression (Expanded Disability Status Scale score change ≤0.5) at 7 years. Only minor improvement was found in the positive predictive values with additional follow-up of 1 to 3 years. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE NEDA is difficult to sustain long term even with treatment. NEDA status at 2 years may be optimal in terms of prognostic value in the longer term. Our results provide a basis for investigating NEDA as an outcome measure and treatment goal and for evaluating the effect of new MS drugs on NEDA.
Surgical Decompression and Coil Removal for the Recovery of Vision after Coiling and Proximal Occlusion of a Clinoidal Segment Aneurysm: Technical Case Report

OBJECTIVE:We present the case of a patient with continued deterioration of vision after endovascular treatment of an unruptured clinoidal segment aneurysm. In conjunction with a review of the literature, the findings in this case highlight the need for further refinements in our understanding of pathophysiological changes induced by coiling of cerebral aneurysms, especially those in aneurysms producing signs and symptoms relating to mass effect. CLINICAL PRESENTATION:The patient is a 45-year-old man who presented with progressive vision loss. Imaging studies revealed a large, clinoidal segment aneurysm. The patient continued to experience progressive vision loss despite treatment with endovascular coiling, proximal occlusion, and high-dose steroid medication. INTERVENTION:The patient underwent a craniotomy for decompression of the optic nerve and for salvage of vision. Clipping of the distal vessel was performed, and the coil mass was removed. The patient experienced marked improvement of central vision after the surgical procedure. CONCLUSION:Although endovascular treatment of aneurysms protects most patients from aneurysm rupture, this case illustrates the fact that coiling, followed by proximal occlusion, might fail to alleviate symptoms related to mass effect. Our experience in this case suggests that early surgical decompression may be indicated for patients presenting with progressive visual deterioration.
A 5Gb/s CDR with automatic frequency calibration

A new technique for VCO calibration is presented for clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits. This method is applicable to current controlled oscillators. After the frequency lock is achieved, the oscillator current is sampled by a simple current mode analog to digital converter (ADC) and a narrower range is generated around the sampled point. A CDR system, which operates at 5-Gb/s data rate, is designed and simulated in 0.18-µm CMOS technology to verify the proposed method.
Possible Behavioral Consequences of Light‐Induced Changes in Melatonin Availability a

Melatonin is a hormone secreted at night, in the dark, by the human pineal organ. This nocturnal release of melatonin, in humans and other species, is rapidly suppressed by exposure to sufficiently bright light. In humans, the function, if any, of this circadian pattern of melatonin release has not been determined. In fact, no function has been definitively attributed to the hormone melatonin in humans. In one study, conducted in our laboratory, pharmacologic doses of oral melatonin (240 mg over two hours) were administered to volunteers, and various behavioral parameters were assessed. Melatonin had substantial, but brief, sedative-like effects on mood and performance. Thus it appears that a mechanism exists, whereby light, of sufficient intensity to affect melatonin release in humans, can affect behavior. It can be hypothesized that sufficiently bright light, acting by way of the suppression of melatonin release, can acutely increase alertness or act as a zeitgeber (synchronizer of circadian cycles). The light intensity necessary to suppress melatonin secretion in humans is well above typical indoor lighting conditions, but well below normal outdoor daytime levels of illumination. Therefore, the hypothesis that light may affect behavior or circadian patterns of sleep and waking, if found to be true, could have considerable impact on the design of interior lighting.
L’approche de réduction des méfaits : : un facteur de changement dans le champ de la réadaptation en toxicomanie

Au Quebec, a la fin des annees 80, l’approche de reduction des mefaits s’est conjuguee a d’autres courants qui avaient deja commence a y exercer leur influence pour provoquer une profonde remise en question de la philosophie de traitement et des methodes d’intervention utilisees alors dans le domaine de la readaptation en toxicomanie. Cet article decrit plus particulierement l’impact de l’implantation de cette approche par le Centre Dollard-Cormier en 1997. On y affirme qu’elle a constitue un point de ralliement pour tous les intervenants de ce centre et favorise, particulierement a travers l’expression « haute tolerance », l’adoption de valeurs telles que la flexibilite, l’accessibilite, l’acceptation de toutes les personnes qui demandent de l’aide, quels que soient leurs motifs et la precarite de leur situation. A l’aide de l’experience des cinq dernieres annees, nous etablissons un bilan des forces et des limites de cette approche dans un contexte de readaptation. Au nombre des forces, on doit compter un plus grand respect des objectifs de l’usager lui-meme, notamment en ce qui concerne la consommation de substances psychoactives, une transformation des services pour les rendre plus flexibles et accessibles, et un prejuge favorable aux plus demunis. Au nombre des difficultes, on mentionnera l’adaptation de nos methodes d’intervention a des objectifs varies en ce qui concerne la consommation et la conciliation de la haute tolerance avec un cadre therapeutique qui impose des limites. Si l’approche de reduction des mefaits nous a appris a accepter toute amelioration de la situation des personnes toxicomanes comme un resultat legitime et valable en soi, notre mission de readaptation nous invite a ne pas perdre de vue l’objectif qu’un grand nombre parmi elles poursuit neanmoins : arriver a se liberer de leur dependance a ces substances, par l’abstinence ou autrement, et retrouver la maitrise de leur vie.
A Magnetic Vector Potential Volume Integral Formulation for Nonlinear Magnetostatic Problems

Volume integral method (VIM) has been known as an interesting alternative to the finite-element method for electromagnetic field computation. Since only the active regions have to be meshed, VIM is very efficient for modeling of electromagnetic devices containing a predominated air volume. It is also adapted for multistatic studies with motion or optimization strategies. The aim of this paper is to propose a magnetic vector potential volume integral formulation in order to deal with the 3-D nonlinear magnetostatic problems. The main advantage of this formulation is that the convergence of nonlinear material solution can be easily reached after a few iterations without any relaxation. Moreover, the use of coarse meshes can lead to accurate results. Computed results for the TEAM Workshop problem 13 and for an actuator are reported.
Adjoint-Free Variational Data Assimilation into a Regional Wave Model

AbstractA variational data assimilation algorithm is developed for the ocean wave prediction model [Wave Model (WAM)]. The algorithm employs the adjoint-free technique and was tested in a series of data assimilation experiments with synthetic observations in the Chukchi Sea region from various platforms. The types of considered observations are directional spectra estimated from point measurements by stationary buoys, significant wave height (SWH) observations by coastal high-frequency radars (HFRs) within a geographic sector, and SWH from satellite altimeter along a geographic track. Numerical experiments demonstrate computational feasibility and robustness of the adjoint-free variational algorithm with the regional configuration of WAM. The largest improvement of the model forecast skill is provided by assimilating HFR data (the most numerous among the considered types). Assimilating observations of the wave spectrum from a moored platform provides only moderate improvement of the skill, which disappear.
Activated protein C and septic shock: A propensity-matched cohort study*

Background:Septic shock is a highly inflammatory and procoagulant state associated with significant mortality. In a single randomized controlled trial, recombinant human activated protein C (drotrecogin alfa) reduced mortality in patients with severe sepsis at high risk of death. Further clinical trials, including a recently completed trial in patients with septic shock, failed to reproduce these results. Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of recombinant human activated protein C on mortality in a cohort of patients with septic shock and to explore possible reasons for inconsistent results in previous studies. Design:Retrospective, 2:1 propensity-matched, multicenter cohort study. Setting:Twenty-nine academic and community intensive care units in three countries. Patients:Seven thousand three hundred ninety-two adult patients diagnosed with septic shock, of which 349 received recombinant human activated protein C within 48 hrs of intensive care unit admission between 1997 and 2007. Measurements and Main Results:Our primary outcomes were mortality over 30 days and mortality stratified by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II quartile. Using a propensity-matched Cox proportional hazard model, we observed a 6.1% absolute reduction in 30-day mortality associated with the use of recombinant human activated protein C (108/311 [34.7%] vs. 254/622 [40.8%], hazard ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.52–1.00, p = .05) and noted consistent reductions in mortality among Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II quartiles. A time to event analysis showed that the time to appropriate antimicrobials after documented hypotension decreased for each year of study (p = .003), a finding that was congruent with a decrease in annual mortality over the study period (odds ratio 0.96 per year [95% confidence interval 0.93–0.99], p = .003). Conclusions:In this retrospective, propensity-matched, multicenter cohort study of patients with septic shock, early use of recombinant human activated protein C was associated with reduced mortality. Improvements in general quality of care such as speed of antimicrobial delivery leading to decreasing mortality of patients with septic shock may have contributed to the null results of the recently completed trial of recombinant human activated protein C in patients with septic shock.
Suppression of the tuberculin reaction in rabbits by total body irradiation with x-rays.

IN those immune reactions in which antibodies are liberated into the blood stream, the effect of total body irradiation has been long known and widely studied (Benjamin and Sluka, 1908; Lawen, 1909, quoted by Colwell, 1935; Hektoen, 1915, 1918, 1920; Murphy and Sturm, 1925; Clemmesen, 1939; Clemmesen and Andersen, 1948; Craddock and Lawrence, 1948). In all cases the same type of response occurs: radiation near the time of introduction of the antigen prevents, weakens or delays the normal rise of antibody titre, while radiation a few days after the introduction ofthe antigen is without any such effect. That those immune reactions in which no circulating antibodies are demonstrable might also be similarly affected was first shown (ifwe except the equivocal work on transplanted tumours (Murphy, 1914)) by our own experiments on skin homotransplants in rabbits (Dempster, Lennox and Boag, 1950). It seemed worth while to extend these experiments to another better known and in some respects simpler reaction, tuberculin sensitivity, in which also no circulating antibody has been demonstrated, and whose analogies with the homotransplant reaction have been stressed by Burnet and Fenner (1949). Though some inconclusive work has been done on the effect of irradiation on the course of tuberculosis in experimental animals (Murphy and Ellis, 1914; Morton, 1916; and Kellert, 1918-19), we have been unable to find any published account of the behaviour of the tuberculin reaction under such circumstances. From the known effect on other immune responses we predicted that irradiation in sufficiently high dose before or shortly after inoculation with tubercle bacilli would delay the onset of the tuberculin reaction, but that once positive the reaction would not be affected by irradiation. The experiments to be described were directed to the establishment of these two points and, when the second prediction was found to be false, to finding a cause for the discrepancy.
Dietary Insulin Index and Insulin Load in Relation to Endometrial Cancer Risk in the Nurses' Health Study

Background: Although unopposed estrogen exposure is considered the main driver of endometrial carcinogenesis, factors associated with states of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are independently associated with endometrial cancer risk. We used dietary insulin load and insulin index scores to represent the estimated insulin demand of overall diets and assessed their association with endometrial cancer risk in the prospective Nurses' Health Study. Methods: We estimated incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of invasive endometrial cancer using Cox proportional hazards models. Between the baseline dietary questionnaire (1980) and 2010, we identified a total of 798 incident-invasive epithelial endometrial adenocarcinomas over 1,417,167 person-years of follow-up. Results: Dietary insulin scores were not associated with overall risk of endometrial cancer. Comparing women in the highest with the lowest quintile, the multivariable-adjusted RRs of endometrial cancer were 1.07 (95% CI, 0.84–1.35) for cumulative average dietary insulin load and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.82–1.31) for cumulative average dietary insulin index. Findings did not vary substantially by alcohol consumption, total dietary fiber intake, or body mass index and/or physical activity (Pheterogeneity ≥ 0.10). Conclusions: Intake of a diet predicted to stimulate a high postprandial insulin response was not associated with endometrial cancer risk in this large prospective study. Considering the complex interplay of diet, lifestyle, and genetic factors contributing to the hyperinsulinemic state, dietary measures alone may not sufficiently capture absolute long-term insulin exposure. Impact: This study is the first to investigate dietary insulin scores in relation to endometrial cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(8); 1512–20. ©2014 AACR.