Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LA CADENA DE VALOR ALIMENTARIA UN ENFOQUE METODOLÓGICO

Los mercados constituyen la referencia del fun-cionamiento del sistema alimentario, reflejandolas fricciones entre oferta y demanda. En las ulti-mas decadas se observan fuertes convulsiones quevan de situaciones excedentarias a escasez dematerias primas, escandalos en seguridad alimen-taria, elevacion de costes de transaccion, liberali-zacion y desregularizacion, lo que lleva a que hayaquienes aboguen por un mayor proteccionismo y ellogro de la soberania alimentaria. Por ello, es con-veniente tener un modelo de analisis que permitaconocer de forma sistematica la complejidad de suestructura, detectar los puntos conflictivos y quepermita mejorar el bienestar social (Verst, 2004). La interconexion del agricultor con el consumi-dor es noticia de primera plana, creando un ambien-te de incertidumbre y desconfianza que obliga aintervenir a instituciones publicas bajo una presionsocial en ocasiones rayando con la demagogia.Por lo general, se vienen haciendo trabajos conuna vision parcial de los problemas que afectan alsistema alimentario, pero la solucion requiere unavisualizacion global. En el caso espanol, y durante los ultimos anos, elMinisterio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio,siguiendo una tradicion de estudios realizados a tra-ves del IRESCO (Instituto de Reforma de lasEstructuras Comerciales), mantiene un Observatoriode Precios, enfocado al nivel detallista. Simulta-neamente, el Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Ruraly Marino dispone de otro observatorio y viene desa-rrollando estudios de productos alimentarios, con unenfoque especial hacia los margenes comerciales. Atodo ello hay que anadir las universidades y
The intrinsic architectonic and connectional organization of the superior temporal region of the rhesus monkey

The superior temporal region (STR) in the rhesus monkey includes the circular sulcus (Cis), the supratemporal plane (STP), and the superior temporal gyrus (STG). Rostrally the STR is continuous with the periallocortices of the prepyriform and anterior insular regions; caudally it borders the isocortices of the inferior parietal lobule and the superior temporal sulcus. The STR contains 12 cytoarchitectonic areas: four fields on the Cis, four on the STP, and four on the STG. The sulcal fields (root fields) are adjacent to the insula and resemble it in the possession of a relatively strong layer V; the STP fields (core fields) are characterized by well‐developed layer IV; and the STG fields (belt fields) exhibit strong differentiation of layer III. In each line of fields the more rostral ones show relative prominence of the deeper layers, with increasing prominence of the superficial layers occurring caudad in a stepwise fashion.
Two-stage approach in Russian named entity recognition

In this article we consider a two-stage prediction approach for named entity recognition in Russian. In the first stage, named entities are extracted by a machine learning method. After that our system collects the statistics of token classes and transforms this statistics to a feature set, which is used for training a new classifier. We consider three types of the two-stage features: the previous history, the whole document statistics, and global statistics of the whole collection. We carry out our experiments on several text collections. We show that the utilizing of the two-stage prediction approach improves the quality of named entity recognition.
Assistive Technologies for Aged Care: Supportive or Empowering?

The main objective of this paper is to explore the potentials of assistive technologies to support seniors’ independent living. The work looks at two salient aspects of utilizing technologies for elderly, namely direct support and empowering technologies. The research undertakes a comprehensive analysis of attempts that have been made through investigation of the literature. For this purpose, a realist review of relevant papers published since 2000 has been conducted. The paper concludes that although much research in this area targets the direct support for older adults, the effective use of technologies to maintain seniors’ physical and cognitive abilities requires further investigations. This can provide avenues of opportunities that would empower seniors for their independent living.
Payload sensors, navigation and risk reduction for AUV under ice surveys

AUVs have proved robustness and high performance in applications including naval mine counter measures, marine research and deep water offshore oil and gas surveys. A next step is to introduce AUVs to under ice geophysical surveys. A main challenge for regular under ice operations is to handle the risk of a loss of a vehicle, or long operational interruptions. The paper discusses how to reduce this risk by careful tailoring of critical AUV subsystems. A fundamental requirement is to apply a robust, well designed and well proven vehicle, continually upgraded from field experiences. Another main challenge is to design a sensor suite that allows for cost efficient and fast mapping of the vast areas under ice. A geophysical sensor suite is presented and solutions for high area coverage rates examined.
Increasing Patient Acceptance and Adherence Toward Insulin

ABSTRACT Because of the progressive nature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the majority of patients will need insulin to achieve and maintain glycemic control. By maintaining glycemic control, patients will avoid acute osmotic symptoms of hyperglycemia, instability in plasma glucose (PG) over time, and prevent or delay the development of diabetes complications without adversely affecting quality of life. Despite recommendations for initiating insulin therapy, both patient and health system barriers stand in the way. To develop confidence in individualizing patient therapy and maximize outcomes for patients with T2DM, healthcare practitioners (HCPs) were updated on recommendations and clinical evidence supporting when to initiate insulin therapy, strategies for overcoming provider and patient barriers for initiating insulin therapy, and the safety and efficacy of current and emerging insulin therapy and delivery technology for patients with T2DM.
Context – Tiree island and community 2 . 1 Demographics and economics

In this chapter we describe experience in the design and installation of a low-cost multi-touch table in a rural island community. We will discuss the creation of the table including: pragmatic challenges of installation, and then reinstallation as the physical fabric of the multi-purpose building (café, cinema, meeting area and cattle market) altered; technical challenges of using off-the-shelf components to create state-of-the art multi-touch interactions and tactile BYOD (bring your own device) end-user programming; design challenges of creating high-production value bespoke mountings and furniture using digital fabrication in an environment that could include sewing needles, ketchup laden sandwiches and cow manure. The resulting installation has been used in semi-in-the-wild studies of bespoke applications, leading to understandings of the way small communities could use advanced interactions. More broadly this sits within a context of related studies of information technology in rural developments and a desire to under-
A dilation of transfer matrices with infinite and finite imaginary axis zeros

Abstract For a non-square transfer matrix with zeros on the extended imaginary axis including infinity, this paper discusses how to dilate (augment) such transfer matrix to a square one without adding extra zeros on the extended imaginary axis. The state-space construction for the dilation is proposed by using the finite and infinite eigenstructures of the transfer matrix.
Visualization of 5‐HT Receptors Using Radioligand‐Binding Autoradiography

Described in this unit are techniques to visualize the majority of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) receptor subtypes in sections of frozen brain tissue using receptor autoradiography. Protocols for brain extraction and sectioning, radioligand exposure, autoradiogram generation, and data quantification are provided, as are the optimal incubation conditions for the autoradiographic visualization of receptors using agonist and antagonist radioligands. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Programming Language Correction

Novice programmers often struggle with the formal syntax of programming languages. To assist them, we design a novel programming language correction framework amenable to reinforcement learning. The framework allows an agent to mimic human actions for text navigation and editing. We demonstrate that the agent can be trained through self-exploration directly from the raw input, that is, program text itself, without any knowledge of the formal syntax of the programming language. We leverage expert demonstrations for one tenth of the training data to accelerate training. The proposed technique is evaluated on 6975 erroneous C programs with typographic errors, written by students during an introductory programming course. Our technique fixes 14% more programs and 29% more compiler error messages relative to those fixed by a state-of-the-art tool, DeepFix, which uses a fully supervised neural machine translation approach.
A review of global design economies: Implications for the future of the profession & for policy formation

This paper reviews the evolution of the design industry globally in the context of Porter's Competitive Advantage of Nations theory, & its migration through resource exploitation, investment, innovation & wealth creation stages. The paper posits a further stage of economic development & reviews design's role at each juncture. Taking industry case illustrations across Africa, Asia, Europe & the US, the paper explores innovation, design utility & value across these differing stages, & identifies discrete design challenges within each scenario relating to infrastructure, cost bases, knowledge, strategic value, IP & entrepreneurship. A key element in each study is the recognition of emergent client sectors, the diversification of expertise, strategic partnerships, routes-to-market, challenges & evolving business models, & how these relate both to existing theories of design agglomeration & to new drivers exemplified by globalization, long tail economics & the digital economy. The paper culminates in an exploration of design & innovation policy within each specific context, & examines the implications of such policies going forward, particularly on design businesses, & in doing so, proposes a model for evaluating such policies.
Minimization of local field enhancement along stress-grading systems of HV large rotating machines

In this paper, an approach to the design of nonlinear stress-grading systems of high voltage rotating machines at different frequencies is presented. The parameters of stress-grading systems are selected to minimize the local electric field enhancement at a set of discrete operating frequencies. The nonlinear stress-grading resistances are updated in response to the dynamic change of the local surface field compared to the desired average field. This development allowed fast and accurate design and analysis of nonlinear stress-grading systems with the deviation of the highest local field from the desired average field kept very low over a frequency range of up to 300 Hz. Simulation examples and several optimal stress-grading system characteristics are also presented.
Cyclic GMP-dependent Protein Kinase Activates Cloned BKCa Channels Expressed in Mammalian Cells by Direct Phosphorylation at Serine 1072*

NO-induced activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) increases the open probability of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels and results in smooth muscle relaxation. However, the molecular mechanism of channel regulation by the NO-PKG pathway has not been determined on cloned channels. The present study was designed to clarify PKG-mediated modulation of channels at the molecular level. The cDNA encoding the α-subunit of the large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel,cslo-α, was expressed in HEK293 cells. Whole cell and single channel characteristics of cslo-α exhibited functional features of native large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in smooth muscle cells. The NO-donor sodium nitroprusside increased outward current 2.3-fold in whole cell recordings. In cell-attached patches, sodium nitroprusside increased the channel open probability (NPo) ofcslo-α channels 3.3-fold without affecting unitary conductance. The stimulatory effect of sodium nitroprusside was inhibited by the PKG-inhibitor KT5823. Direct application of PKG-Iα to the cytosolic surface of inside-out patches increased NPo 3.2-fold only in the presence of ATP and cGMP without affecting unitary conductance. A point mutation of cslo-α in which Ser-1072 (the only optimal consensus sequence for PKG phosphorylation) was replaced by Ala abolished the PKG effect on NPo in inside-out patches and the effect of SNP in cell attached patches. These results indicate that PKG activates cslo-α by direct phosphorylation at serine 1072.
Widespread dual targeting of proteins in land plants: When, where, how and why

Since the discovery of the first dual targeted protein in plants in 1995 the number of dual targeted proteins in plants has grown to over 250 proteins. Much work and investigations have focused on identifying how or what makes a protein dual targeted. Recently, more research has focused on the evolution and conservation of dual targeting of proteins in plants. This new work has demonstrated that dual targeting arose early within the evolution of plants and because it is rarely lost, once gained, it must be under some positive selection pressure. The possible reasons as why proteins are dual targeted and why it was conserved during the evolution of plants are discussed.
H‐bonding in protein hydration revisited

H‐bonding between protein surface polar/charged groups and water is one of the key factors of protein hydration. Here, we introduce an Accessible Surface Area (ASA) model for computationally efficient estimation of a free energy of water–protein H‐bonding at any given protein conformation. The free energy of water–protein H‐bonds is estimated using empirical formulas describing probabilities of hydrogen bond formation that were derived from molecular dynamics simulations of water molecules at the surface of a small protein, Crambin, from the Abyssinian cabbage (Crambe abyssinica) seed. The results suggest that atomic solvation parameters (ASP) widely used in continuum hydration models might be dependent on ASA for polar/charged atoms under consideration. The predictions of the model are found to be in qualitative agreement with the available experimental data on model compounds. This model combines the computational speed of ASA potential, with the high resolution of more sophisticated solvation methods.
The Protein Kinase Complement of the Human Genome

We have catalogued the protein kinase complement of the human genome (the “kinome”) using public and proprietary genomic, complementary DNA, and expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences. This provides a starting point for comprehensive analysis of protein phosphorylation in normal and disease states, as well as a detailed view of the current state of human genome analysis through a focus on one large gene family. We identify 518 putative protein kinase genes, of which 71 have not previously been reported or described as kinases, and we extend or correct the protein sequences of 56 more kinases. New genes include members of well-studied families as well as previously unidentified families, some of which are conserved in model organisms. Classification and comparison with model organism kinomes identified orthologous groups and highlighted expansions specific to human and other lineages. We also identified 106 protein kinase pseudogenes. Chromosomal mapping revealed several small clusters of kinase genes and revealed that 244 kinases map to disease loci or cancer amplicons.
A Low Complexity SLM Technique for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Using Riemann Sequence and Thresholding of Power Amplifier

Selected Mapping (SLM) technique is one of the promising PAPR reduction techniques for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). But this reduction technique results in a huge amount of computation complexity which is costly and time consuming. In this paper, Riemann sequences are used as a phase vectors along with the thresholding of the power amplifier(PA). The default index of the phase sequence is used to reduce the computational complexity of SLM technique. The default index of a phase sequence refers to the starting index for the phase vectors in the SLM scheme. This index is derived from the experimentation results. The Matlab simulations show that the complexity has been reduced by 98 percent if the threshold value of PA is around 3.0dB. Index Terms—OFDM, PAPR, Complexity, Riemann Sequence, Error function, Default Index.
Learning method for hierarchical behavior controller

Complex behavior is difficult to obtain using an unsupervised leaning method because of the enormous search space required. In this paper, we propose the hierarchical behavior controller which consists of three types of modules: behavior coordinator, behavior controller and feedback controller. We also propose a new learning algorithm for the behavior coordinator and the behavior controller that consists of some sub-coordinators and some sub-controllers, respectively. This algorithm selects a deficient one by evaluating each sub-coordinator or sub-controller using multiple regression analysis based on previously obtained evaluation values. This can reduce the search area and the learning times by avoiding the necessity of trying to tune good sub-coordinators or sub-controllers. The hierarchical behavior controller is applied to the problem of controlling a seven-link brachiation robot, which moves dynamically from branch to branch like gibbon swinging its body.
Association of Higher Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Diet with Higher Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in North India

The epidemic of obesity and hypertension over the last two decades, in the middle and high income countries is associated with marked rise in the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS), CAD, type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction and stroke and the total burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1-4]. The metabolic syndrome is associated with constellation of metabolic disturbances, of all the risk factors for CVD, [4]. MS appears to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity due to CVD and diabetes [5-9]. In the 1920s, Kylin, a Swedish physician, described MS, as the clustering of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and gout [10]. However, the concept of the MS has existed for at least 80 years [4]. In 1947, Vague [11], drew attention to upper body adiposity (android or male-type obesity) as the obesity phenotype that was commonly associated with metabolic abnormalities characterized with type 2 diabetes and CVD. There is urgent need for strategies to prevent the emerging global epidemic, as this syndrome appears to be a master of disguise since it can present in various ways according to the various components that constitute the syndrome [3-9]. Reaven [12], described the MS as syndrome X, De Fronzo et al. [13], as the insulin resistance syndrome, and Kaplan [14], the deadly quartet. The MS represents a constellation of metabolic abnormalities including glucose intolerance (type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or impaired fasting glycaemia), insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are well known risk factors for CAD [2,3]. Epidemiological studies suggest that primary risk factors such as physical inactivity and unbalanced nutritional consumption of excess calories, simple refined carbohydrates with a high glycemic index and load of high saturated fat (SF), trans fatty acids (TFA), and high w-6/w-3 ratio and lower monounsaturated fatty acids, in the diet are pro-inflammatory [8-15], and contribute to the escalating rates of obesity, MS and mortality due to CVD [1-16].
Complete Genome Assembly of Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, a Group A β-Hemolytic Reference Strain

ABSTRACT We present the complete genome assembly of Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 (Rosenbach) as submitted to GenBank under accession number CP008926. This group A nonmotile β-hemolytic clinical isolate is used for quality control in a variety of commercially available tests. The assembled genome is 1.84 Mb (38.5% G+C content) and contains 1,788 coding regions.
Evaluating the governance of responsible investment institutions: an environmental and social perspective

This article addresses some of the problems associated with the integration of environmental and social values into the activities of contemporary responsible investment institutions. The first of these relates to the current participation gap between internal and external interests in responsible investment decision-making. The second problem concerns the lack of certainty regarding the normative basis under which multi-stakeholders should participate in institutional governance. Thirdly, there is at present no analytical framework with which to evaluate the institutional quality of responsible investment within the context of the global economy. In response, and building upon existing research in the realms of international relations and environmental politics, the article uses a framework of principles, criteria and indicators to evaluate responsible investment institutions. The assumptions of this framework are tested against a small-scale attitudes survey regarding the governance quality of contemporary responsible investment institutions. Recognizing the shortcomings of such a small study, the article nevertheless finds a variety of perspectives, which indicate that the integration of multi-stakeholders in responsible investment institutions still has some way to go. The article concludes with some observations on the nature of stakeholder involvement in responsible investment, comments on the extent to which the environmental social aspects of governance can be said to be institutionally embedded, and offers some reflections on the contribution of such an approach to governance analysis as a method for evaluating the contribution of responsible investment institutions to advancing sustainable development.
The impact of hospital pay-for-performance on hospital and Medicare costs.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of Medicare's hospital pay-for-performance demonstration project on hospital revenues, costs, and margins and on Medicare costs. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING All health care utilization for Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI; ICD-9-CM code 410.x1) in fiscal years 2002-2005 from Medicare claims, containing 420,211 admissions with AMI. STUDY DESIGN We test for changes in hospital costs and revenues and Medicare payments among 260 hospitals participating in the Medicare hospital pay-for-performance demonstration project and a group of 780 propensity-score-matched comparison hospitals. Effects were estimated using a difference-in-difference model with hospital fixed effects, testing for changes in costs among pay-for-performance hospitals above and beyond changes in comparison hospitals. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We found no significant effect of pay-for-performance on hospital financials (revenues, costs, and margins) or Medicare payments (index hospitalization and 1 year after admission) for AMI patients. CONCLUSIONS Pay-for-performance in the CMS hospital demonstration project had minimal impact on hospital financials and Medicare payments to providers. As P4P extends to all hospitals under the Affordable Care Act, these results provide some estimates of the impact of P4P and emphasize our need for a better understanding of the financial implications of P4P on providers and payers if we want to create sustainable and effective programs to improve health care value.