Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cosystem Based on T Opic M Etadata E Nrichments

As existing computer search engines struggle to understand the meaning of natural language, semantically enriched metadata may improve interest-based search engine capabilities and user satisfaction. This paper presents an enhanced version of the ecosystem focusing on semantic topic metadata detection and enrichments. It is based on a previous paper, a semantic metadata enrichment software ecosystem (SMESE). Through text analysis approaches for topic detection and metadata enrichments this paper propose an algorithm to enhance search engines capabilities and consequently help users finding content according to their interests. It presents the design, implementation and evaluation of SATD (Scalable Annotation-based Topic Detection) model and algorithm using metadata from the web, linked open data, concordance rules, and bibliographic record authorities. It includes a prototype of a semantic engine using keyword extraction, classification and concept extraction that allows generating semantic topics by text, and multimedia document analysis using the proposed SATD model and algorithm. The performance of the proposed ecosystem is evaluated using a number of prototype simulations by comparing them to existing enriched metadata techniques (e.g., AlchemyAPI, DBpedia, Wikimeta, Bitext, AIDA, TextRazor). It was noted that SATD algorithm supports more attributes than other algorithms. The results show that the enhanced platform and its algorithm enable greater understanding of documents related to user interests.
Approche photométrique pour une triangulation précise

La triangulation est l'operation qui consiste a estimer la position d'un point 3D a partir de points mis en correspon- dance dans les images. Elle a souvent ete abordee unique- ment d'un point de vue geometrique, c'est a dire, seules les positions des points ainsi que la geometrie des vues sont utilisees. Lorsqu'il n'y a pas de bruit, le probleme de la triangulation est trivial et se resout en inversant les equa- tions lineaires qui lient la position 3D aux positions des points dans les images. Lorsqu'on est en presence de bruit, ce qui est toujours le cas avec des images reelles, une estimation precise et robuste devient necessaire. C'est ainsi que des methodes optimales, sous l'hypothese d'un bruit gaussien, ont ete developpees. L'inconvenient majeur de ces methodes est qu'elles ne tiennent pas compte de l'in- formation photometrique contenue dans les pixels. Nous montrerons dans cet article en quoi ceci peut etre genant. Nous proposerons une nouvelle approche qui est basee sur l'ajustement photometrique. Les resultats sur des images de synthese et sur des images reelles montreront que cette prise en compte de l'information photometrique ameliore la precision de reconstruction 3D
Inexact graph matching techniques : application to object detection and human action recognition

La detection d’objets et la reconnaissance des activites humaines sont les deux domaines actifs dans la vision par ordinateur, qui trouve des applications en robotique, video surveillance, analyse des images medicales, interaction homme-machine, annotation et recherche de la video par le contenue. Actuellement, il reste encore tres difficile de construire de tels systemes, en raison des variations des classes d’objets et d’actions, les differents points de vue, ainsi que des changements d’illumination, des mouvements de camera, des fonds dynamiques et des occlusions. Dans cette these, nous traitons le probleme de la detection d’objet et d’activites dans la video. Malgre ses differences de buts, les problemes fondamentaux associes partagent de nombreuses proprietes, par exemple la necessite de manipuler des transformations non-ridiges. En decrivant un modele d’objet ou une video par un ensemble des caracteristiques locales, nous formulons le probleme de reconnaissance comme celui d’une mise en correspondance de graphes, dont les nœuds representent les caracteristiques locales, et les arretes representent les relations que l’on veut verifier entre ces caracteristiques. Le probleme de mise en correspondance inexacte de graphes est connu comme NP-difficile, nous avons donc porte notre effort sur des solutions approchees. Pour cela, le probleme est transforme en probleme d’optimisation d’une fonction d’energie, qui contient un terme en rapport avec la distance entre les descripteurs locaux et d’autres termes en rapport avec les relations spatiales (ou/et temporelles) entre eux. Base sur cette energie, deux differentes solutions ont ete proposees et validees pour les deux applications ciblees: la reconnaissance d’objets a partir d’images et la reconnaissance des activites dans la video. En plus, nous avons egalement propose un nouveaux descripteur pour ameliorer les modeles de Sac-de-mots, qui sont largement utilise dans la vision par ordinateur. Nos experimentations sur deux bases standards, ainsi que sur nos bases demontrent que les methodes proposees donnent de bons resultats en comparant avec l’etat de l’art dans ces deux domaines.
Quinolone resistance mutations in topoisomerase IV: relationship to the flqA locus and genetic evidence that topoisomerase IV is the primary target and DNA gyrase is the secondary target of fluoroquinolones in Staphylococcus aureus

Mutations in the flqA (formerly ofx/cfx) resistance locus of Staphylococcus aureus were previously shown to be common after first-step selections for resistance to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin and to map on the S. aureus chromosome distinctly from gyrA, gyrB, and norA.grlA and grlB, the genes for the topoisomerase IV of S. aureus, were identified from a genomic lambda library on a common KpnI fragment, and grlB hybridized specifically with the chromosomal SmaI A fragment, which contains the flqA locus. Amplification of grlA sequences (codons 1 to 251) by PCRs from nine independent single-step flqA mutants, one multistep mutant, and the parent strain identified mutations encoding a change from Ser to Phe at position 80 in four mutants, a novel change from Ala to either Glu or Pro at position 116 in three mutants, and no change in three mutants. In the multistep mutant, another resistance locus, flqC, was mapped by transformation to the chromosomal SmaI G fragment by linkage to omega(ch::Tn551)1051 (58%) and nov (97.9%), which encodes resistance to novobiocin. This fragment contains the gyrA gene, and flqC mutants had a mutation in gyrA encoding a change from Ser to Leu at position 84, a change previously found in resistant clinical isolates. In genetic outcrosses, the flqC (gyrA) mutation expressed resistance only in flqA mutants, including those with both types of grla mutations. The silent mutant allele of gyrA was present in a flqA background and expressed resistance only upon introduction of a grlA mutation. At fourfold the MIC of ciprofloxacin, the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin was reduced in a grlA mutant and was abolished in gyrA grlA double mutants. These findings provide direct genetic evidence that topoisomerase IV is the primary target of current fluoroquinolones in S. aureus and that this effect may result from the greater sensitivity of topoisomerase IV relative to that of DNA gyrase to these agents. Furthermore, resistance from an altered DNA gyrase requires resistant topoisomerase IV for its expression.
Bildqualität von optischen Fernerkundungsdaten

Photogrammetrie und Fernerkundung bieten eine ganze Reihe unterschiedlicher Verfahren zur Ableitung geometrischer, radiometrischer und thematischer Informationen aus Bilddaten. Zur Erfassung der dafur benotigten Bilddaten stehen eine Vielzahl von Flugzeug- und Weltraumsensoren zur Verfugung. Digitale Sensoren bieten auf Grund der Moglichkeiten der absoluten geometrischen und radiometrischen Kalibrierung vielversprechende Moglichkeiten zur Schaffung von Mehrwertprodukten wie digitale Hohenmodelle, Landnutzungskarten etc. Solche Kameras kombinieren die hohe geometrische Qualitat mit den radiometrischen Standards von Erdbeobachtungssystemen. Fur die Qualitatsbewertung optischer Fernerkundungsdaten sind verschiedene Standards und Spezifikationen verfugbar. Bei der Bestimmung der Bildqualitat kann dabei zwischen (spektralen) radiometrischen und geometrischen Aspekten unterschieden werden. Normen enthalten verschiedene Messgrosen fur Genauigkeitsprobleme (spektrale, radiometrische und geometrische Genauigkeit) sowie fur Leistungsparameter wie SNR, MTF. Bildartefakte sind ein weiteres wichtiges Thema. Der Beitrag fuhrt in die Thematik ein und stellt einen neuen Ansatz zur effizienten radiometrischen Validierung und Kalibrierung operationeller satellitengetragener Fernerkundungssensoren vor.
Methodological adaptations for investigating the perceptions of language‐impaired adolescents regarding the relative importance of selected communication skills

This article describes the systematic and detailed processes undertaken to modify a research methodology for use with language‐impaired adolescents. The original methodology had been used previously with normally achieving adolescents and speech pathologists to obtain their opinions about the relative importance of selected communication skills for adolescents' positive peer relationships. Modifications attempted to address language‐impaired adolescents' characteristic metalinguistic, literacy, cognitive, and information processing weaknesses. Revising the original wording of the communication skills, reducing the reading level of the skills from grade 10 to 4.6, using a Q‐sort approach to ranking the importance of the skills, and revising the instructions and administration procedures led to what pilot testing results indicated was a valid methodology for use with language‐impaired adolescents. Results of a preliminary study using the revised methodology suggested that language‐impaired adolescents may perceive the relative importance of some communication skills differently from their normally achieving peers.
Chemotherapeutic-induced apoptosis: a phenotype for pharmacogenomics studies

Aim To determine whether cellular apoptosis is a suitable phenotypic trait for pharmacogenomics studies by evaluating caspase 3/7-mediated activity in lymphoblastoid cell lines after treatment with six chemotherapeutic agents: 5′-deoxyfluorouridine, pemetrexed, cytarabine, paclitaxel, carboplatin, and cisplatin. Materials and methods Using monozygotic twin pair and sibling pair lymphoblastoid cell lines, we identified conditions for measurement of caspase 3/7 activity in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Genome-wide association studies were performed with over 2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HapMap CEU cell lines (n=77). Results Although treatment with 5′-deoxyfluorouridine and pemetrexed for up to 24 h resulted in low levels of apoptosis or interindividual variation in caspase-dependent cell death; paclitaxel, cisplatin, carboplatin, and cytarabine treatment for 24 h resulted in 9.4-fold, 9.1-fold, 7.0-fold, and 6.0-fold increases in apoptosis relative to control, respectively. There was a weak correlation between caspase activity and cytotoxicity (r2=0.03–0.29) demonstrating that cytotoxicity and apoptosis are two distinct phenotypes that may produce independent genetic associations. Estimated heritability (h2) for apoptosis was 0.57 and 0.29 for cytarabine (5 and 40 &mgr;mol/l, respectively), 0.22 for paclitaxel (12.5 nmol/l), and 0.34 for cisplatin (5 &mgr;mol/l). In the genome-wide association study using the HapMap CEU panel, we identified a significant enrichment of cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity SNPs within the significant cisplatin-induced apoptosis SNPs and an enrichment of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). Among these eQTLs, we identified several eQTLs with known function related to apoptosis and/or cytotoxicity. Conclusion Our study identifies apoptosis as a phenotype for pharmacogenomic studies in lymphoblastoid cell lines after treatment with paclitaxel, cisplatin, carboplatin, and cytarabine that may have utility for discovering biomarkers to predict response to certain chemotherapeutics.
Designing the Future Perfect: Reorganising is Research around the Axis of Intention

According to Barbara Adam, “time is such an obvious factor in social science that it is almost invisible”. Indeed, Information Systems (IS) researchers have relied upon taken-for-granted assumptions about the nature of time and have built theories that are frequently silent about the temporal nature of our being in the world. This paper addresses two key questions about time in IS research: (i) what formulations of time are available to us in our research and (ii) how can these formulations be used in a coherent way in our research? In addressing the first question, two meta-formulations of time are examined. The first relates time to the sense of passing time expressed in successive readings of the clock. The second relates time to the experience of purposive, intentional, goal-directed behaviour. Our proposal is that IS researchers should be encouraged to identify the formulations of time that underpin their research. Our goal is to provide a framework to allow IS researchers to evaluate the fit between the goals of research and the temporal assumptions being used to underpin it and ultimately to investigate the extent to theories that are based on different assumptions about time can be combined or integrated.
Diseño y Simulación de un controlador adaptativo difuso basado en modos deslizantes para sistemas aproximables a un sistema de primer orden con retardo

El presente proyecto de titulacion presenta el desarrollo de un esquema de control adaptativo difuso basado en modos deslizantes para tres sistemas: un sistema de primer orden con retardo, un sistema de orden elevado y un sistema no lineal; cuya respuesta pueda ser aproximable a un modelo de primer orden con retardo. El concepto base para el esquema de control propuesto es la utilizacion de un controlador de parametros ajustables y un mecanismo de ajuste en linea de estos parametros. Inicialmente se utiliza un metodo algebraico de identificacion en linea en lazo abierto para obtener los parametros del modelo de primer orden con retardo. Con los parametros identificados del modelo de primer orden con retardo se establece la sintonizacion inicial del controlador SMC y se establecen los rangos y criterios de adaptacion de estos parametros. Una vez que el controlador en lazo cerrado arranca se utiliza un mecanismo de adaptacion difusa cuya entrada es el error y la derivada del error para variar los parametros de sintonizacion del controlador SMC segun sea necesario. Se realiza la comparacion entre el controlador SMC-Difuso propuesto y SMC mediante la evaluacion del indice de desempeno ISE.
Pregnancy and the methyltransferase genotype independently influence the arsenic methylation phenotype

Objectives The methyltransferase genotype and pregnancy both influence the arsenic metabolism phenotype, but it is unknown whether these factors interact, explaining the drastic changes in the efficiency of arsenic metabolism observed among pregnant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative contribution of the methyltransferase genotype and pregnancy to the arsenic metabolism phenotype. Methods We studied longitudinally the arsenic metabolite pattern in urine (at approximately gestational weeks 8, 14, and 30) of 303 women exposed to arsenic through drinking water and food in rural Bangladesh. Urinary arsenic metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Data were available on genotypes for 16 polymorphisms, combined as haplotypes, in three methyltransferases: arsenic(+III)methyltransferase (AS3MT) and DNA-methyltransferases 1a and 3b (DNMT1a and DNMT3b). Changes in the arsenic metabolite pattern over time were evaluated by haplotype using logistic quantile regression. Results All four AS3MT haplotypes and all three DNMT1a haplotypes significantly influenced the metabolite pattern in the pregnant women, with consistent effects of genotype over the entire course of pregnancy. No interaction was found between the haplotypes and pregnancy-related changes in the arsenic metabolism phenotype. DNMT3b haplotypes did not significantly influence the metabolite pattern. We observed a pregnancy-attributable decrease of 5.7% in the most risk-associated monomethylated metabolite, methylarsonic acid, whereas changes between 1.6 and 5.3% of methylarsonic acid could be attributed to haplotypes of AS3MT and DNMT1a. Conclusion Independent of the genotype, the efficiency of arsenic methylation increased markedly over the course of pregnancy. The effect of pregnancy on the metabolite pattern during the observational period was greater than the effect of genotype.
MEMS tunable silicon photonic grating coupler for post-assembly optimization of fiber-to-chip coupling

We experimentally demonstrate the first MEMS tunable photonic fiber-to-waveguide grating coupler, and apply it to electrostatically optimize the light coupling between an optical fiber and an on-chip silicon photonic waveguide. Efficient and stable fiber-to-chip coupling is vital for combining the high optical quality of silica fibers with the integration density of silicon photonics. Our device has the potential to lower assembly cost and extend device lifetime, by enabling electrical post-assembly adjustments.
Alanine aminotransferase of Trypanosoma brucei– a key role in proline metabolism in procyclic life forms

African trypanosomes possess high levels of alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), although the function of their activity remains enigmatic, especially in slender bloodstream forms where the metabolism of ketoacids does not occur. Therefore, the gene for alanine aminotransferase enzyme in Trypanosoma brucei (TbAAT) was characterized and its function assessed using a combination of RNA interference and gene knockout approaches. Surprisingly, as much as 95% or more of the activity appears to be unnecessary for growth of either bloodstream or procyclic forms respiring on glucose. A combination of RNA interference and NMR spectroscopy revealed an important role for the activity in procyclic forms respiring on proline. Under these conditions, the major end product of proline metabolism is alanine, and a reduction in TbAAT activity led to a proportionate decrease in the amount of alanine excreted along with an increase in the doubling time of the cells. These results provide evidence of a role for alanine aminotransferase in the metabolism of proline in African trypanosomes by linking glutamate produced by the initial oxidative steps of the pathway with pyruvate produced by the final oxidative step of the pathway. This step appears to be essential when proline is the primary carbon source, which is likely to be the physiological situation in the tsetse fly vector.
Dendritic Cells and Vaccines

Note: Dr. Steinman received the prestigious 2007 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research for the discovery of dendritic cells. The award committee called him “a scientific sleuth, who without cloak and dagger, uncovered the intelligence-gathering component of our immune system—a monumental achievement in the 200-year history of immunology. ” Dr. Steinman came to Baylor on September 20, 2007, as part of the celebration of the tenth anniversary of the Baylor Institute for Immunology Research (Figure ​(Figure11). We were honored to welcome him and appreciate his willingness to publish his well-received presentation in Proceedings. Figure 1 Ralph M. Steinman, MD, with Jacques Banchereau, PhD, director of the Baylor Institute for Immunology Research. —Michael a. e. Ramsay, MD, associate editor and president of Baylor Research Institute Immunology plays an important role in many clinical conditions. In some instances—such as infectious diseases and cancer—the goal is to improve the immune response to the pathogen or challenge; in other instances—such as transplantation, autoimmunity, and allergy—the goal is to reduce the specific immune response. Already, immunology is providing valuable therapies, mainly in the form of monoclonal antibodies. Anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is being used to treat arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, and anti-CD20 is being used to treat B cell lymphoma. However, the T cell limb of the immune response also needs to be harnessed in a disease- or antigen-specific manner in medicine. This opportunity in immunology and medicine is significant because of the way T cells are formed. The immune system is blessed with a superb repertoire of clones (Figure ​(Figure22). Each clone has a specific receptor for antigen, and within that repertoire are clones specific for microbes, tumors, self, the environment, and so forth—many of the relevant antigens to disease. Thus, the repertoire provides the potential for antigen-specific therapies and vaccines, which will mount a broad-based but specific response to the relevant pathogen, in contrast to cyclosporine, for example, which is a general immunosuppressant. Figure 2 Three elemental R's of T cell biology: repertoire, recognition, response. Reprinted with permission from Nature Medicine (1). One of the main goals in human immunology research is to establish the principles to manipulate these clones in a patient, so that they will expand and carry out the function that is appropriate to a successful therapy. At the Rockefeller University and the Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, one of the main approaches is to try to harness the biology of dendritic cells, which use their tree-like processes or dendrites to constantly probe their environment (Figure ​(Figure33). Figure 3 Dendritic cells probing the environment in mouse lymphoid tissue. Photomicrograph courtesy of Dr. Juliana Idoyaga; reprinted with permission from Nature Medicine (1).
Saggio di analisi linguistiche e stilistiche condotte con l'ausilio dell'elaboratore elettronico sui Persiani di Eschilo

Cette etude a pour but d'illustrer les methodes d'analyse developpees par la philologie computationnelle pour les appliquer au texte des Perses. Mon travail precise les caracteristiques de l'edition critique nume��rique et fait la comparaison entre les modeles de codage proposes par la T. E. I. Et la solution adoptee ici pour enregistrer les informations de plusieurs apparats critiques et de plusieurs repertoires de conjectures. Une section est consacree a l'analyse morphosyntaxique assistee par ordinateur : elle decrit le codage des traits morphologiques et des structures syntaxiques, ainsi que le langage d'interrogation qui permet de reperer les syntagmes qui se trouvent dans la base de donnees. La section suivante est consacree a l'analyse semantique. Sont decrits les principes theoriques suivis pour identifier les traits semantiques associes aux mots. Les deux dernieres sections sont consacrees respectivement a des analyses statistiques et au commentaire de quelques lieux textuels