Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic Human Resource Management in Multinational Enterprises

Companies must navigate the choppy waters of a complex global economy, and position themselves to attract and retain the workers they will need on this journey. Companies have sought to respond to millennials’ needs according to their size. International companies, in particular, have cottoned on to the idea that modern-day workers are more likely to crave freedom from micro-management. Parallel to the development of research on strategic HRM issues, international HRM researchers and practitioners have paid increasing attention to more macro-level issues, such as the strategic nature of international HRM and implications for organizational performance. Attitudes and behaviours resulting from cultural orientation differ from those resulting from pre-integration mind-sets in that they are deeply rooted in the complex identity of the firms and people involved, and not in the uncertainty or arrogance induced by the M&A transaction. Organizational cultures seem to be less important than the complementarily of organizational cultures. Each firm needs to be valued for its unique contribution to the new organization, and this requires the acquirer to understand and deal effectively with complex human resource issues during integration. Several theoretical perspectives have been applied to SHRM in MNEs, including institutional, economic and behavioural theories. From a strategic choice perspective, it is argued that managers create and select environments by choice of domain, representing a view of managers as more proactive than the contingency view. Scholars recognize constraints on managers, but argue that they still have significant latitude for decision making. The influence of environmental factors is recognized, but is viewed as mediated by managerial choice.
Host use pattern and life history of Liopetrolisthes mitra, a crab associate of the black sea urchin Tetrapygus niger

The porcellanid crab Liopetrolisthes mitra is a common associate of the black sea urchin, Tetrapygus niger in north central Chile. The host-use pattern, population dynamics and reproductive pattern of L. mitra on sea urchins were examined between January 1996 and February 1997. Each month, between 60 and 95 per cent of all collected urchins hosted crabs, with the highest frequency of cohabitation occurring during the austral summer (January to March). Group sizes of crabs on individual urchins ranged from 1 to 25 crabs per host. The average density of crabs on the urchins ranged from 2 to 5.5 crabs per host. Large urchins were inhabited by crabs more frequently than small urchins but urchin size had no effect on the number or size of crabs. The sex ratio of adult crabs was ˜1:1 during most months. Reproduction occurred throughout the year but was most intense during the austral spring and summer (October to March), when the highest percentage of ovigerous females were found. Similarly, recruitment of L. mitra occurred throughout the year but reached a peak during austral summer and early autumn (January to May). All life stages of L. mitra including recently settled megalopae and reproductive adults were found on urchins. Size–frequency analysis indicated that many crabs live >1.5 years. The results of this study confirm that the association between L. mitra and T. niger is strong and persists throughout the benthic life of the commensal crab.
Shedding by ADAM10 and ADAM17 is associated with progression of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a retrovirus-associated mature T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. It is speculated that ATL is an age-related disease and some changes are involved in malignant transformation and monoclonal expansion of the HTLV-1-infected cells. We previously reported that HTLV-1-infected cells and ATL cells exhibit CD30 and soluble CD30 (sCD30) is elevated in the sera of patients with ATL. Recently, we also evaluated the levels of sCD30 in ATL patients underwent chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to predict prognosis of ATL patients under 2 different clinical settings; before initiation therapy and before HSCT. Our results suggest that sCD30 may be a useful biomarker in HSCT therapy, because a high sCD30 level before HSCT was implicated in early death after HSCT. In addition, we report that sCD30 elevation was followed by acute crisis from chronic type of ATL. Previously, high levels of soluble proteins including cytokine receptor and membrane-binding protein were observed in patients with ATL. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)10 and ADAM17 worked as sheddases of CD30 as well as the other proteins. ADAM10/17 also cleaved collagen and elastin which are structural proteins of tissues and may cause the tissue injury of important organs. It seems that ADAM10/17 plays a role as oncoproteins for tumorigensis in ATL.
Reproductive strategy and the compositional dynamics of crustose lichen communities on aspen (Populus tremula L.) in Scotland

Abstract: Ecological studies are essential in understanding the response of crustose lichens to habitat dynamics and developing effective conservation strategy. While the combined response of individual crustose species within a community will be tremendously complex, the overall result of individualistic change can be simplified using trait-based analyses. In this paper we examine the response of crustose species with contrasting reproductive traits (predominantly sexual vs asexual reproduction) and which occur within a closely defined habitat (as epiphytes on the lower bole of aspen) to environmental drivers measured at two different scales, i.e. between and within aspen stands. Our results point to the important effect of tree age and subsequent shifts in bark quality (pH) on the composition of the crustose community. However, shifts in community composition putatively controlled by bark quality comprise a change from a community dominated by sexual species to a community with mostly asexual crusts. Our results suggest therefore that variation within this crustose community may be driven by the combined effects of allogenic change (tree age and bark quality) and autogenic processes that are related to a species’ adaptive life-history traits.
Estrogen‐receptor‐β distribution in the human hypothalamus: Similarities and differences with ERα distribution

This study reports the first systematic rostrocaudal distribution of estrogen receptor beta immunoreactivity (ERβ‐ir) in the human hypothalamus and adjacent areas in five males and five females between 20–39 years of age and compares its distribution to previously reported ERα in the same patients. ERβ‐ir was generally observed more frequently in the cytoplasm than in the nucleus and appeared to be stronger in women. Basket‐like fiber stainings, suggestive for ERβ‐ir in synaptic terminals, were additionally observed in various areas. Men showed more robust nuclear ERβ‐ir than women in the medial part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, paraventricular and paratenial nucleus of the thalamus, while less intense, but more nuclear, ERβ‐ir appeared to be present in, e.g., the BSTc, sexually dimorphic nucleus of the medial preoptic area, diagonal band of Broca and ventromedial nucleus. Women revealed more nuclear ERβ‐ir than men of a low to intermediate level, e.g., in the suprachiasmatic, supraoptic, paraventricular, infundibular, and medial mamillary nucleus. These data indicate potential sex differences in ERβ expression. ERβ‐ir expression patterns in subjects with abnormal hormone levels suggests that there may be sex differences in ERβ‐ir that are “activational” rather than “organizational” in nature. Similarities, differences, potential functional, and clinical implications of the observed ERα and ERβ distributions are discussed in relation to reproduction, autonomic‐function, mood, cognition, and neuroprotection in health and disease. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:251–277, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variation for bulb size, soluble solids content and pungency in the Spanish sweet onion variety Fuentes de Ebro. Response to selection for low pungency

The cultivarFuentes de Ebro is a long-day onion grown in the northeast of Spain, which is characterized by its succulence and low pungency. However, to match the market demand the size, pungency, and storability need to be improved. We have evaluated these quality-related bulb traits in 15 growers open-pollinated lines of this cultivar. Phenotypic variation observed for bulb weight, size and soluble solids content was significantly affected by location, growing season and line, while pungency depended on line and plot location. We found higher levels of genetic variation for bulb size and pungency than for soluble solids content, and significant phenotypic correlations indicated that milder onion tend to show larger size and lower soluble solids content. After one cycle of selection, we have obtained progeny with significantly lower pungency levels, and therefore, we estimated a realized heritability of 0.67. As conclusion, it is feasible to obtain a sweet cultivar after some selection cycles in the Fuentes de Ebro onion, although considering indirect consequences in size and soluble solids content.
Adding successor: A transfer theorem for separation and covering

Given a class C of word languages, the C-separation problem asks for an algorithm that, given as input two regular languages, decides whether there exists a third language in C containing the first language, while being disjoint from the second. Separation is usually investigated as a means to obtain a deep understanding of the class C. In the paper, we are mainly interested in classes defined by logical formalisms. Such classes are often built on top of each other: given some logic, one builds a stronger one by adding new predicates to its signature. A natural construction is to enrich a logic with the successor relation. In this paper, we present a transfer result applying to this construction: we show that for suitable logically defined classes, separation for the logic enriched with the successor relation reduces to separation for the original logic. Our theorem also applies to a problem that is stronger than separation: covering. Moreover, we actually present two reductions: one for languages of finite words and the other for languages of infinite words.
Validation of the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) Reactor Using Microorganism-associated Activities

The recently developed SHIME reactor (Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem) was validated by analysing a number of microorganism-associated activities. Data from the reactor were compared with values from the literature and results obtained from the analysis of faecal material of eight healthy persons. The fermentation patterns of four polysaccharides were studied. Arabinogalactan, xylan and pectin gave fermentation patterns in vitro indistinguishable from in vivo . Five different enzymatic activities were compared with in vivo experiments. All had activities which were of the order of those observed in vitro. The pro-drug sulphasalazine, whose active compound is released through microbial modification in the large intestine, was used as a reference compound. A fair correlation between in vivo and in vitro was found for the latter transformation. In addition the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on the autochthonous microbial populations was investigated. Administration of L. plantarum resulted in an in vitro decrease in gram-negative anaerobic bacteria and total anaerobes. The same effect has been reported in vivo . The results obtained by the various validation experiments indicate that the reactor can be used to study the microbial communities of the gastrointestinal tract. Keywords - Gastrointestinal microbiology, In vitro simulation.
THE ROLE FUNGI AND YEAST IN MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION

Fungi and yeast have been characterized as important components in the bioremediation of organic contaminants in soil and water including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); however, research into their ability to metabolize these compounds in extreme environments has been limited. In this work forty-three fungi and yeasts were isolated from a PAH-contaminated sludge waste lagoon in Poland. The lagoon was part of a monitored natural attenuation (MNA) study where natural reduction of PAHs and associated toxicity over time in non-disturbed areas of the sludge lagoon indicated MNA activity. The microorganisms were initially isolated on minimal medium containing naphthalene as the sole carbon and energy source. Fungal isolates were then maintained on MEA and identified based on microscopic examination and BIOLOG{reg_sign}. The analysis identified several of the fungal isolates as belonging to the genera Penicillium, Paecilomyces, Aspergillus, and Eupenicillium. Yeasts included Candida parapsilosis and C. fluvialitis. Further microbial characterization revealed that several isolates were capable of rowing on acidified media of pH 4, 3, and 2.5. Over twenty percent of the fungi demonstrated growth as low as pH 2.5. Of the 43 isolates examined, 24 isolates exhibited growth at 5 C. Nine of the fungal isolates exhibiting growth at 5 C were thenmore » examined for metabolic activity using a respirometer testing metabolic activity at pH 3. Microcosm studies confirmed the growth of the fungi on PAH contaminated sediment as the sole carbon and energy source with elevated metabolic rates indicating evidence of MNA. Our findings suggest that many of the Poland fungal isolates may be of value in the bioremediation processes in acidic waste sites in northern climates typical of Northern Europe. « less
Rapid Optical Variations Correlated with X-rays in the 2015 Second Outburst of V404 Cygni (GS 2023+338)

We present optical multi-colour photometry of V404 Cyg during the outburst from December, 2015 to January, 2016 together with the simultaneous X-ray data. This outburst occurred less than 6 months after the previous outburst in June-July, 2015. These two outbursts in 2015 were of a slow rise and rapid decay-type and showed large-amplitude ($\sim$2 mag) and short-term ($\sim$10 min-3 hours) optical variations even at low luminosity (0.01-0.1$L_{\rm Edd}$). We found correlated optical and X-ray variations in two $\sim$1 hour time intervals and performed Bayesian time delay estimations between them. In the previous version, the observation times of X-ray light curves were measured at the satellite and their system of times was Terrestrial Time (TT), while those of optical light curves were measured at the Earth and their system of times was Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). In this version, we have corrected the observation times and obtained a Bayesian estimate of an optical delay against the X-ray emission, which is $\sim$30 s, during those two intervals. In addition, the relationship between the optical and X-ray luminosity was $L_{\rm opt} \propto L_{\rm X}^{0.25-0.29}$ at that time. These features can be naturally explained by disc reprocessing.
BIRD ODORS AND OTHER CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES: A DEFENSE MECHANISM OR OVERLOOKED MODE OF INTRASPECIFIC COMMUNICATION?

Bi ds e i an chemical compounds, though ornithologists rarely consider them. Avian odors, for example, are readily detectable to humans in at least 17 avian orders and 80 genera (Table 1; data from Weldon and Rappole 1997). Scents consist of volatile chemicals, and birds embrace a remarkable diversity of aromas, such as the musky plumage of storm-petrels (Hydrobatidae; Jacob and Zisweiler 1982); the tangerine-like perfume of Crested Auklets (Aethia cristatella; Humphrey and Phillips 1958); the acrid, sour odor of Hooded Pitohuis (Pitohui dichrous) and Variable Pitohuis (P. kirkocephalus; Dumbacher et al. 1992); the sweet and dusty fragrance of the Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus; Butler 1989, J. C. Hagelin pers. obs.); and the foul stench of the Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoatzin; see Weldon and Rappole 1997). Birds also produce a variety of substances consisting of larger, less volatile compounds. Frequently odorless, these occur in various forms, such as saturated fatt y acids of uropygial gland secretions (Jacob and Zisweiler 1982, Sweeney et al. 2004) or toxins sequestered in plumage or skin (e.g., Dumbacher et al. 1992). Human detection of an avian compound clearly does not mean that it is important to a bird, unless this has been verifi ed experimentally. Here, we focus on two major types of adaptive functions that have been proposed for a variety of odors and other chemical substances that birds either produce themselves or sequester from secondary sources. First, avian compounds may serve as a chemical defense. This includes protection against predators, ectoparasites, and microbes and can involve substances that act as an interspecifi c deterrent or signal (e.g., Cott 1947, Swennen 1968, Dumbacher et al. 1992, Mouritsen and Madsen 1994, Douglas et al. 2001, Shawkey et al. 2003). Alternatively, some authors posit that avian compounds function as an intraspecifi c chemosignal, similar to those found in other vertebrates, such as mammals (e.g., Balthazart and Schoff eniels 1979; review in Roper 1999, Hagelin 2007). Recently, birds have been shown to recognize conspecifi c body odor (Hagelin et al. 2003) and personal body odor or mate odor (Bonadonna and Nevitt 2004). Some chemical signatures are even individually specifi c (e.g., Bonadonna et al. 2003a, b, 2004, 2007). The use of chemical signals in intraspecifi c communication has the potential to fundamentally alter how we interpret bird behavior. The idea is relatively new and challenges the traditional view that birds predominantly respond to their world through sight and sound. Birds readily respond to chemicals derived 1Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, USA; and 2Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada Julie C. Hagelin1,3 and Ian L. Jones2 BIRD ODORS AND OTHER CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES: A DEFENSE MECHANISM OR OVERLOOKED MODE OF INTRASPECIFIC COMMUNICATION? The Auk 124(3):741–761, 2007 © The American Ornithologists’ Union, 2007. Printed in USA.
Stress, strains and resistance 1

1. Stress describes the bird's defence mechanisms and a stressor is the situation that elicits the defence response. 2. As the environment can be viewed as a composite of interacting stressors, the bird's success in coping with its environment depends on the severity of the stressors and the physiological ability to respond properly and thus maintain homeostasis. 3. The neural, endocrine and more recently immune systems are considered to be integrators of the stress response. Although stress responses may be necessary for survival in wild bird populations, they are often detrimental to efficient growth, skeletal integrity and disease resistance in domesticated fowl. 4. Stress responses are modified by the genetic components.
Comparison of different detoxification methods for corn cob hemicelluose hydrolysate to improve ethanol production by Candida shehatae ACCC 20335.

Corn cob hydrolysis with 1% (v/v) of sulfuric acid yielded 36.49 total reducing sugars (g/l) along with various fermentation inhibitors such as fufural, phenolics compounds and acetic acid. The acid hydrolysate detoxified with overliming plus activated charcoal brought about a maximum decrease in fufural (100%), acetic acid (62.4%) and phenolics compounds (96.6%). Treatment of hydrolysate with overliming caused 99, 51.4 and 16.7% loss in fufural, acetic acid and phenolics compounds, respectively. Fermentation byCandida shehatae ACCC 20335 showed a maximum yield of ethanol (0.31 g/g) and a productivity of 0.152 g/l/h with overliming plus activated charcoal treated hydrolysate. Key words: Corn cob, detoxification, ethanol, fermentation, hydrolysate.
Molecular Epidemiology of Human Adenoviruses and Rotaviruses as Candidate Viral Indicators in the Egyptian Sewage and Water Samples

2 Abstract: The prevalence of human rotavirus and adenovirus in sewage and water samples before and after treatment steps and also in clinical samples was compared in this study to determine the most prevalent virus and the more resistant one to treatment processes. The prevalence percentage of rotaviruses in sewage samples collected from raw sewage of Zenin wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) from July 2009 to June 2011 was 16.7% (4/24) while the prevalence percentage of adenoviruses in the same raw sewage samples was 91.7% (22/24). The prevalence percentage of rotaviruses in Nile water samples collected from El- Giza water treatment plant (WTP) from July 2009 to June 2011 was 29.2% (7/24) while the prevalence percentage of adenoviruses in the same Nile water samples was 66.7% (16/24). Rotavirus could be only detected and quantified as genome copies and infectious units in the peak months of the virus in autumn and winter. Adenovirus genome copies and infectious units were higher in winter than in the other months but considerable numbers of both of them were quantified all the year. The means of adenovirus genome and infectious units removals were 3.5±1.1 log and 10 2.8±0.8 log respectively while the means of rotavirus genome and infectious units removals were 3.75±0.5 log 10 10 and 3±1.2 log respectively after treatment processes of Zenin WWTP. The means of adenovirus genome and 10 infectious units removals were 2.3±0.9 log and 2.1±0.9 log respectively while the means of rotavirus genome 10 10
Autonomous Control Strategy for a Spacecraft Approaching an Asteroid Using Arti cial Neural Networks

In the context of Asteroid exploration missions, control strategies are currently being investigated in order to give more autonomy to spacecrafts. An initial visual servo motion controller is described and its questionable requirement of LIDAR depth measurement is addressed with an arti cial neural network. The neural network is trained to emulate, using image information, the depth measurement expected from the LIDAR and its performance is assessed in terms of raw impact on the measurement and propagated impact on complete spacecraft trajectories. It is shown that, on average, using the trained arti cial neural network does not induce a signi cant change in the performance and therefore makes it a good, and technological feasible, improvement of the originally developed autonomous controller.
Macrobenthos–sediment relationships in a sandy bottom community off Mar del Plata, Argentina

The aim of this study is to characterize the different macrozoobenthos communities in Mar del Plata waters (south-western Atlantic) on the basis of their abundance and habitat, and to determine how sediment characteristics, like the grain-size composition, affect macrobenthic community structure. Multivariate techniques indicated that benthic communities and sediments in the surveyed area were included into the following five well-defined groups: (1) a medium sand assemblage dominated by the bivalve Crassinella marplatensis and Diplodonta patagonica, the echinoderm Encope emarginata, the tanaidacean Bacescapseudes sp. and the polychaete Armandia loboi; (2) a medium to very fine sand assemblage dominated by ostracods, the tanaidacean Bacescapseudes sp. , amphipods and polychaetes of the family Nephtyidae; (3) a fine to very fine sand assemblage dominated by the tanaidacean Bacescapseudes sp. ; (4) a silt and fine sand assemblage dominated by polychaetes particularly Scolelepis sp. and individuals of the family Nephtyidae; and (5) a fine sand assemblage dominated by amphipods and the tanaidacean Bacescapseudes sp. These results revealed the patchy distribution of macrobenthic assemblages as a result of sediment characteristics and serve as baseline information for this area strongly subjected to trawling perturbations.