Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term survival of patients with anorexia nervosa: a population-based study in Rochester, Minn.

OBJECTIVE To estimate long-term survival of unselected patients with anorexia nervosa from Rochester, Minn. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this population-based retrospective cohort study, all 208 Rochester residents who presented with anorexia nervosa (193 women and 15 men) for the first time from 1935 through 1989 were monitored for up to 63 years. Subsequent survival was compared with that expected for Minnesota white residents of similar age and sex, and standardized mortality ratios were determined on the basis of age- and sex-specific death rates for the US population in 1987. RESULTS Survival was not worse than expected in this cohort (P = .16). The estimated survival 30 years after the initial diagnosis of anorexia nervosa was 93% (95% confidence interval, 88%-97%) compared with an expected 94%. During 5646 person-years of follow-up (median, 22 years per patient), 17 deaths occurred (14 women and 3 men) compared with an expected 23.7 deaths (standardized mortality ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-1.09). One woman died of complications of anorexia nervosa, 2 women committed suicide, and 6 patients (5 women and 1 man) died of complications of alcoholism. Other causes of death were not increased. CONCLUSIONS Long-term survival of Rochester patients with anorexia nervosa did not differ from that expected. This finding suggests that overall mortality was not increased among the spectrum of cases representative of the community.
Extreme Thermal Noxious Stimuli Induce Pain Responses in Zebrafish Larvae

Exposing tissues to extreme high or low temperature leads to burns. Burned animals sustain several types of damage, from the disruption of the tissue to degeneration of axons projecting through muscle and skin. Such damage causes pain due to both inflammation and axonal degeneration (neuropathic‐like pain). Thus, the approach to cure and alleviate the symptoms of burns must be twofold: rebuilding the tissue that has been destroyed and alleviating the pain derived from the burns. While tissue regeneration techniques have been developed, less is known on the treatment of the induced pain. Thus, appropriate animal models are necessary for the development of the best treatment for pain induced in burned tissues. We have developed a methodology in the zebrafish aimed to produce a new animal model for the study of pain induced by burns. Here, we show that two events linked to the onset of burn‐induced inflammation and neuropathic‐like pain in mammals, degeneration of axons innervating the affected tissues and over‐expression of specific genes in sensory tissues, are conserved from zebrafish to mammals. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 300–308, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The application of Kalman filter in visual odometry for eliminating direction drift

The paper describes a visual odometry system based on stereovision camera and Kalman filter. A common problem of odometry is that a next pose is estimated on the base of a previous one. Once a location is measured incorrectly, the error propagates on next locations. Inaccuracies quickly accumulate, which at the end leads to significant errors. The system is most sensitive to direction estimation, as it exhibits small rotation drifts, that quickly sum up to a large error. To limit this effect, the algorithm selects a distant point which is used as a landmark and serves as an angle of reference. Due to occlusions (e.g. humans, cars), the point of reference is not always visible or cannot be singled out (e.g. in park alleys with tree branches hanging down). Then, the system uses differential rotation measurement. The differential and landmark angle estimates, together with their uncertainties, are connected by Kalman filter to get the optimal direction.
OPTIMIZACION DEL INDICE DE RESILIENCIA Y UNIFORMIZACION DE LA PRESION COMO CRITERIOS PARA RENOVAR TUBERIAS EN REDES DE DISTRIBUCION DE ACUEDUCTOS

Para determinar la prioridad de reposicion de una de tuberia en una red de distribucion de agua potable, en un programa de mantenimiento preventivo; usualmente se considera como primer criterio a la probabilidad de fallo. Seria deseable a continuacion, considerar mas criterios para dar mas soporte y complemento a la asignacion de prioridades de reposicion de las tuberias y de este modo construir un programa de renovacion mas integral. En este trabajo se programa y aplica una metodologia que busca mejorar la confiabilidad hidraulica y mitigar las fugas en toda la red. Para lograr esto se recurre al mejoramiento optimo de dos indicadores de desempeno hidraulico global de la red: el indice de resiliencia y el coeficiente de uniformidad de presiones; mediante el incremento del diametro de los tubos de la red. Se considera ademas la reduccion de la presion a la entrada de la red como restriccion complementaria. El indice de resiliencia es una medida de confiabilidad hidraulica y el coeficiente de uniformidad de presiones, como su mismo nombre lo dice, es una medida de la uniformidad de las presiones en los nodos de una red. De este modo se calculan dos criterios que eventualmente puedan contribuir a la tarea de asignar prioridades de renovacion a los tubos de una red. Se trata de una metodologia desarrollada en un trabajo de maestria de la Universidad de los Andes y ampliamente divulgada en internet, sobre la que se hacen algunas variantes, conservando sus ideas y principios. Se desarrolla una aplicacion en Visual Basic para Aplicaciones (VBA) de Microsoft Excel, utilizando el toolkit de Epanet como herramienta de simulacion y edicion de los modelos de las redes. Se aplica la metodologia a modelos hidraulicos hipoteticos y sobre un modelo real y se analizan los resultados.
Betavoltaic Cells Using P3HT Semiconductive Conjugated Polymer

The need for extreme-duration light-weight power sources for space applications motivates the study and development of polymer-based betavoltaics. The betavoltaic device, based on the semiconductive polymer-fullerene blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene): indene-C60 bisadduct (P3HT:ICBA), is demonstrated here for the first time. Both direct and indirect energy conversion methods were explored. For the indirect conversion method, a phosphor intermediate layer of cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ce:YAG) was used on top of the polymer device. A high open circuit voltage of 0.56 V has been achieved in the betavoltaic device fabricated on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with indirect energy conversion at 30-keV electron kinetic energy. The maximum output electrical power of 62 nW was achieved at 30-keV input electron beam (e-beam) energy. The highest betavoltaic power conversion efficiency of 0.78% was achieved at an e-beam energy of 10 keV. Using the thin PET substrate instead of a glass substrate for the polymer device and phosphor screen fabrication, the betavoltaic device performance has been significantly improved due to a reduction in physical distance between photon-generating Ce:YAG phosphor screen and photon-absorbing P3HT:ICBA layer. The use of the PET substrates helped by significantly decreasing the directional and external interaction losses.
Association between catechol-O-methyltransferase and phobic anxiety.

OBJECTIVE The authors assessed the association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism and scores on the phobic anxiety scale of the Crown-Crisp Experimental Index. METHOD A total of 1,234 women completed the Crown-Crisp Experimental Index phobic anxiety scale and were genotyped for the COMT polymorphism. The authors used unconditional logistic regression to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the association between the COMT genotype and phobic anxiety. RESULTS The mean scores for the three genotypes were statistically significantly different. Compared to the COMT Met/Met genotype, the age-adjusted odds ratio for scoring >/=6 compared to scoring 0 or 1 were 1.15 (95% CI=0.71-1.85) and 1.99 (95% CI=1.17-3.40) for the COMT Val/Met and COMT Val/Val genotypes, respectively; a significant gene dosage effect was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the functional COMT polymorphism is associated with the development of phobic anxiety.
Formalismes non classiques pour le traitement informatique de la topologie et de la géométrie discrète

L’objet de ce travail est l’utilisation de certains formalismes non classiques (analyses non standard, analyses constructives) afin de proposer des bases theoriques nouvelles autour des problemes de discretisations d’objets continus. Ceci est fait en utilisant un modele discret du systeme des nombres reels appele droite d’Harthong-Reeb ainsi que la methode arithmetisation associee qui est un processus de discretisation des fonctions continues. Cette etude repose sur un cadre arithmetique non standard. Dans un premier temps, nous utilisons une version axiomatique de l’arithmetique non standard. Puis, dans le but d’ameliorer le contenu constructif de notre methode, nous utilisons une autre approche de l’arithmetique non standard decoulant de la theorie des Ω-nombres de Laugwitz et Schmieden. Cette seconde approche amene a une representation discrete et multi-resolution de fonctions continues.Finalement, nous etudions dans quelles mesures, la droite d’Harthong-Reeb satisfait les axiomes de Bridges decrivant le continu constructif.
Locking in alternate conformations of the integrin αLβ2 I domain with disulfide bonds reveals functional relationships among integrin domains

We used integrin αLβ2 heterodimers containing I domains locked open (active) or closed (inactive) with disulfide bonds to investigate regulatory interactions among domains in integrins. mAbs to the αL I domain and β2 I-like domain inhibit adhesion of wild-type αLβ2 to intercellular adhesion molecule-1. However, with αLβ2 containing a locked open I domain, mAbs to the I domain were subdivided into subsets (i) that did not inhibit, and thus appear to inhibit by favoring the closed conformation, and (ii) that did inhibit, and thus appear to bind to the ligand binding site. Furthermore, αLβ2 containing a locked open I domain was completely resistant to inhibition by mAbs to the β2 I-like domain, but became fully susceptible to inhibition after disulfide reduction with DTT. This finding suggests that the I-like domain indirectly contributes to ligand binding by regulating opening of the I domain in wild-type αLβ2. Conversely, locking the I domain closed partially restrained conformational change of the I-like domain by Mn2+, as measured with mAb m24, which we map here to the β2 I-like domain. By contrast, locking the I domain closed or open did not affect constitutive or Mn2+-induced exposure of the KIM127 epitope in the β2 stalk region. Furthermore, locked open I domains, in αLβ2 complexes or expressed in isolation on the cell surface, bound to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 equivalently in Mg2+ and Mn2+. These results suggest that Mn2+ activates αLβ2 by binding to a site other than the I domain, most likely the I-like domain of β2.
Interhemispheric Communication via Direct Connections for Alternative Meanings of Ambiguous Words

A priming experiment was used to investigate Burgess and Simpson's (1988) claim that interhemispheric cooperation plays an essential role in the interpretation of ambiguous text. In doing so, the merits of two models of interhemispheric cooperation, the homotopic inhibition theory (Cook, 1986) and the direct connections model (Collins & Coney, 1998), were examined. Priming of alternative meanings of ambiguous words was measured using homographs and their dominant (e.g., BARK-DOG) and subordinate meanings (e.g., BARK-TREE) as related pairs in a lexical decision task, with normal university students as subjects. Stimulus pairs were temporally separated by stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 180 and 350 ms and were independently projected to the left or right visual fields (LVF or RVF). At the shorter SOA, priming was restricted to LVF-RVF presentations, with homograph primes directed to the LVF equally facilitating responses to RVF targets which were associated with their dominant and subordinate meanings. This suggests that within 180 ms, a homograph projected to the right hemisphere activates a range of alternative meanings in the left hemisphere. At an SOA of 350 ms, LVF-RVF priming was obtained along with RVF-LVF and RVF-RVF priming. Evidently at this stage of processing, an ambiguous word directed to either hemisphere activates a range of alternative meanings in the contralateral hemisphere, while RVF primes also activate subordinate, but not dominant meanings in the left hemisphere. A homograph directed to the LVF did not activate dominant or subordinate meanings within the right hemisphere at either SOA. Generally, ambiguous words directed to either hemisphere activated a more extensive array of meanings in the contralateral hemisphere than in the hemisphere to which the prime was directed. This confirms the importance of interhemispheric cooperation in generating alternate meanings of ambiguous words. Strong support was found for the direct connections model (Collins & Coney, 1998), but no support for the homotopic inhibition theory (Cook, 1986).
It Takes A Micro-Village: 
A new understanding of the relationship between Socio-spatial Infrastructure and Equitable Resilience

: Humanity’s values and priorities are reflected in the spatial organization of the environments we create and occupy. Yet ecological instability and societal inequity, intrinsic to the growth-prioritized societal model, demand an urgent shift in socio-spatial organization. In understanding that actionable investment is contingent not only on scientific consensus and political will, but also on psychosocial culture, this research endeavors to communicate the importance of linguistic and visual framing as crucial tactics capable of influencing culture away from a growth-prioritized organization, and towards a model which comprehends needs as an ecosystem of interdependent variables; an understanding necessary to effectively construct a more resilient paradigm of living. In order to ensure this new paradigm will facilitate equity, resilience must be understood from the bottom-up and assessed as Personal Operating Power [POP].
Reconstruction and Development of Tourism Potentials in the Fishermen’s District Village of Medan Belawan

Belawan Fishermen Village is a Fisherman Village on the edge of Medan City. The fisherman is the biggest livelihood in this village. A Spatial also has a lot of activities / local wisdom as well as traditions such as traditional rowing racing, drying salted fish and catching fish. The problems of the Villages are from poverty, lack of green open space, dirty and smelly environments, waste everywhere, improper laying of buildings, and inadequate water supply. The structures of buildings and building materials in these villages are also included in the inappropriate category. This design aims to make this village as a tourist village, comfortable to live and visited by tourists, and make a friendly village face with the surrounding environment, and can improve the lives of citizens. Also, it can improve the lives of citizens. Realizing the theme of tourism by taking the potential and cultural character and local wisdom which is then implemented in the form of tourism. There are several aspects of design in this design include the following:In the aspect of this village activity, there are 2 activities that are the daily activities of citizens and tourism activities.In the aspect of this village, the site has two accesses, on land in the form of decks that are 2m wide as well as ocean circulation that is connected directly to the pier deck of residents' homes.In the aspect of the building, the building in this village uses a structure that is resistant to seawater. In addition to being able to withstand vertical and lateral shocks and buffers that with PVC pipe material filled with cement. Utilities make a biofiltration system that treats waste before entering the sea considering the area of the settlement is a conservation area.
Schottky Barrier Diodes in 90nm SiGe BiCMOS process operating near 2.0 THz cut-off frequency

High performance Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs) with cut-off frequency (fc) ~2.0 THz integrated into a 90nm SiGe BiCMOS technology for millimeter wave (mm-wave) applications are presented in this paper. To our knowledge, this is the highest reported fc for a SBD in a BiCMOS technology. The SBDs reported here have low reverse bias leakage with breakdown voltage of ~5V, and have been integrated in the base technology without the addition of any extra processing step. The affects of variation of critical process and device parameters - undoped silicon layer (n-epi) thickness, thermal cycle associated with deep-trench formation, cathode reach-through width, and anode area on device performance have also been investigated and are presented here.
PREDICTORS OF SPRINT START SPEED: THE EFFECTS OF RESISTIVE GROUND‐BASED VS. INCLINED TREADMILL TRAINING

There is currently no consensus with regard to the most effective method to train for improved acceleration, or with regard to which kinematic variable provides the greatest opportunity for improvement in this important performance characteristic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resistive ground-based speed training and incline treadmill speed training on speed-related kinematic measures and sprint start speed. The hypothesis tested was that incline treadmill training would improve sprint start time, while the ground-based resistive training would not. Corollary hypotheses were that treadmill training would increase stride frequency and ground-based training would not affect kinematics during the sprint start. Thirty-one high school female soccer players (15.7 ± 0.5 years) were assigned to either treadmill (n = 17) or ground-based (n = 14) training groups and trained 2 times a week for 6 weeks. The treadmill group utilized incline speed training on a treadmill, while the ground-based group utilized partner band resistance ground-based techniques. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used (4.5 m mark) before and after training to quantify kinematics during the fastest of 3 recorded sprint starts (9.1 m). Both groups decreased average sprint start time from 1.75 ± 0.12 to 1.68 ± 0.08 seconds (p > 0.001). Training increased stride frequency (p = 0.030) but not stride length. After training, total vertical pelvic displacement and stride length predicted 62% of the variance in sprint start time for the resistive ground-based group, while stride length and stride frequency accounted for 67% prediction of the variance in sprint start time for the treadmill group. The results of this study indicate that both incline treadmill and resistive ground-based training are effective at improving sprint start speed, although they potentially do so through differing mechanisms.
Go with the flow

Reperfusion is essential and urgent. In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), this urgency is recognized by dedicated emergency plans and the medical student mantra, ‘‘time is muscle’’. It seems rather strange, therefore, to dedicate an issue of Heart and Metabolism to such an obvious necessity. Reperfusion is the only means by which myocardium that remains viable within the ischemic zone can survive. The only exceptions to this rule are the 25% of individuals with sufficient collateral support to maintain resting myocardial blood flow despite acute obstruction of an epicardial coronary artery [1]. However, it is likely that such individuals never present with STEMI, but may instead have stable angina resulting from a collateral dependent circulation with abnormal flow reserve [2]. For the remaining 75%, with acute coronaryartery occlusion, reperfusion is mandatory. So what are the controversies to which this issue is dedicated? The prime controversy underpinning the Basic Article by Reffelmann and Kloner, Refresher Corner by Dhalla and Duhamel, and the discussion of New Therapeutic Approaches by Thibault and colleagues is the concept of reperfusion injury. The premise that underlies this concept is that myocardium maybe viable at the very onset of reperfusion, but dies subsequently; moreover, this death is not ‘‘predestined’’ by events occurring during ischemia, and hence can be prevented by manipulations during reperfusion. Despite more than two decades of intense debate, the arguments as to whether reperfusion injury even exists rage on. One of the authors of the Basic Article, Robert Kloner, helped originally publicize the dual role of reperfusion as both slayer and saviour, or double-edged sword [3]. However, it is clear from his Basic Article that he remains sceptical as to its existence. One of the difficulties with the concept of reperfusion injury is that it is very difficult to measure myocardial infarction, even histologically,
Metonymy in language and thought

1. Introduction (by Panther, Klaus-Uwe) 2. Part I: Theoretical Aspects of Metonymy 3. Towards a Theory of Metonymy (by Radden, Gunter) 4. Speaking and Thinking with Metonymy (by Gibbs, Jr., Raymond W.) 5. Metonymy and Conceptual Integration (by Fauconnier, Gilles) 6. Distinguishing Metonymy from Synecdoche (by Seto, Ken-ichi) 7. Aspects of Referential Metonymy (by Warren, Beatrice) 8. Part II: Historical Aspects of Metonymy 9. frame and Cognity: On the Cognitive Bases of Metonymy and Certain Types of Word Formation (by Koch, Peter) 10. Co-presence and Succession: A Cognitive Typology of Metonymy (by Blank, Andreas) 11. Metonymic Bridges in Modal Shifts (by Goossens, Louis) 12. Metonymy in Onomastics (by Jakel, Olaf) 13. Part III: Case Studies of Metonymy 14. Grammatical Constraints on Metonymy: On the Role of the Direct Object (by Waltereit, Richard) 15. Putting Metonymy in its Place (by Pauwels, Paul) 16. Conversion as a Conceptual Metonymy of Event Schemata (by Dirven, Rene) 17. Opposition as a Metonymic Principle (by Vosshagen, Christian) 18. Metonymic Hierarchies: The Conceptualization of Stupidity in German Idiomatic Expressions (by Feyaerts, Kurt) 19. The Potentiality for Actuality Metonymy in English and Hungarian (by Panther, Klaus-Uwe) 20. Part IV: Applications of Metonymy 21. "Mummy, I like being a sandwich": Metonymy in Language Acquisition (by Nerlich, Brigitte) 22. Recontextualization of Metonymy in Narrative and the Case of Morrison's Song of Solomon (by Pankhurst, Anne) 23. List of Contributors 24. Subject index 25. Author index 26. Metonymy and metaphor index
Financial Sustainability and Value of Joint-Stock Companies from Food Industry in Central and Eastern Europe

The research presents the analysis of relations between financial sustainability and value of joint-stock companies from food industry in Central and Eastern Europe. Increase of volume of assets, shareholders’ equity and revenues demonstrated an improvement of financial sustainability and resulted in growing valuations of companies in the study period. Sample business entities achieved relatively high liquidity and profitability that proved their financial sustainability in terms of risk and return. At the same time rising operating profit margins and liquidity ratios determined higher enterprise value of joint-stock companies. This emphasized a positive relation between enterprise value and financial sustainability. Joint-stock companies demonstrated a robust capital structure with a minor decrease of corporate debt in 2011-2015. However changes in sources of financing could provoke a trade-off between financial sustainability and enterprise value. According to a regression model factors positively influencing enterprise value included revenue, cash and cash equivalents, operating profit, current liabilities and shareholder’s equity. Stimulating revenue and increasing operating profit as well as maintaining higher cash balances improves financial sustainability while debt extension can significantly deteriorate continuity of business.