Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Information

where D ∈ R2m×2m is positive-definite and diagonal, with elements D2j−1,2j−1 := sj ≥ 1 and D2j,2j := s−1 j , for j ∈ [m], and O ∈ R2m×2m and O′ ∈ R2m×2m are orthogonal matrices. D describes m active single-mode squeezers in parallel, each one with squeezing parameter sj along the position quadrature. The maximum single-mode squeezing is smax := max1≤j≤m{sj}. O and O′, in turn, describe passive mode transformations that can be implemented by linear-optical networks of at most m(m− 1)/2 beam-splitters and single-mode phase shifters8. In the two settings considered here, i.e., for any %t ∈ CG∪CLO, the unitary Û in equations (3) and (4) is such that O′ can be taken as the identity matrix. In the first setting, i.e., for %t ∈ CG, this holds because Û acts on the vacuum state vector |0〉 and any passive mode transformation maps the vacuum into itself. For the second setting, i.e., for %t ∈ CLO, this holds simply because there we assume that the total transformation itself is passive, i.e., in that case it holds also that D = 1, so that S = O. In both cases, coupling between different modes only takes place through the linear-optical network described by O. A general circuit can couple all m modes with each other, meaning that the quadrature operators of each output mode are linear combinations of those of all m input modes. However, often, each mode is only coupled to at most d ≤ m other modes. In these situations, O is a sparse matrix with at most 4md non-zero elements. More precisely, the columns of O are given by 2m orthonormal vectors (o)k∈[2m] each having at most 2d non-zero entries. Furthermore, since the position and momentum of each mode is coupled to at most the 2d quadratures of the same d modes, each pair o(2j−1) and o shares the same sparsity property, i.e., o(2j−1) and o have at least 2(m− d) zero entries in common, for all j ∈ [m].
The Reliability of Modern File Systems in the face of SSD Errors

As solid state drives (SSDs) are increasingly replacing hard disk drives, the reliability of storage systems depends on the failure modes of SSDs and the ability of the file system layered on top to handle these failure modes. While the classical paper on IRON File Systems provides a thorough study of the failure policies of three file systems common at the time, we argue that 13 years later it is time to revisit file system reliability with SSDs and their reliability characteristics in mind, based on modern file systems that incorporate journaling, copy-on-write, and log-structured approaches and are optimized for flash. This article presents a detailed study, spanning ext4, Btrfs, and F2FS, and covering a number of different SSD error modes. We develop our own fault injection framework and explore over 1,000 error cases. Our results indicate that 16% of these cases result in a file system that cannot be mounted or even repaired by its system checker. We also identify the key file system metadata structures that can cause such failures, and, finally, we recommend some design guidelines for file systems that are deployed on top of SSDs.
The Methods of Range Query and Access Control on Multidimensional Data of Two-layer Wireless Sensor Network Facing Privacy Protection

As the low-power sensor nodes are limited in computing competency and storage space and wireless sensor network features in lower bandwidth and higher channel error ratio, energy-efficient range-querying methods to privately protect multidimensional data are proposed with two-layer wireless sensor network taken as the research object. Based on the pre-shared key mechanism and Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol, the key management mechanism of symmetric encryption algorithm is designed, and the confidentiality of data transmission and storage is realized on the basis of lightweight data encryption algorithms, such as AES and RC6; The multidimensional data's time-property of two-dimensional characteristic defined by formalization divides the storage structure of the privacy data included in sensor network into many two-dimensional subspaces according to the attribute and the collection time period of data, so as to achieve the storage of multidimensional collected data; Based on the approach of order-preserving function as well as Cramer's Rule working out polynomial, the range query of the multidimensional data for two-layer sensor network, without revealing privacy information, is accurately finished with the improvement the of energy consumption efficiency; The methods, the encryption chain formed by the neighbor data items and the code set encoded by reconstructed order-preserving, are adopted to respond to the attack by part returning query results, in order to verify integrity of search results. Fine-grained access control and anonymous access of the query are realized with taking the k-threshold strategy in the Sahai scheme as reference, and employing the attribute base encryption algorithm, attribute certificate, digital signature as well as threshold mechanism. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that this method privately protects perception data, query results and target ranges, and boasts higher energy efficiency than the existing methods.
Stability of women's facial shape throughout the menstrual cycle

Facial characteristics can serve as a cue for judgements of multiple human traits, from maternal tendencies, overall fertility to sexual openness. In this study, we tested previously found fluctuations in facial shape throughout the menstrual cycle. With methods more robust than those formerly used (larger sample size and detailed hormonal assessments determining the timing of the ovulation), we did not find significant changes in either of the three facial measurements conducted: symmetry, averageness and sexual dimorphism (all F ≤ 0.78, all partial η2 ≤ 0.01, all p ≥ 0.542). After narrowing the sample to cycles that had a higher probability of being ovulatory (based on daily measurements of luteinizing hormone and oestradiol), the results remained non-significant (all F ≤ 1.20, all partial η2 ≤ 0.03, all p ≥ 0.315). Our results (i) suggest that the previously found increased facial attractiveness of women in the most fertile phase of the menstrual cycle is not driven by changes in facial shape, but might instead stem from other changes in facial appearance, such as a more attractive skin tone; and (ii) underline the importance of replication of studies with new methods.
Use of actigraphy to measure real-world physical activities in manual wheelchair users

Abstract Introduction The benefits of physical activity for manual wheelchair users are well-known. The purpose of this study was to validate actigraphy to objectively measure physical activity intensity among manual wheelchair users. Method An experimental design was used. Adult manual wheelchair users wore a GT3X actigraph on their non-dominant arm while completing eight physical activities of low (reading), moderate (propelling -- flat) and high (propelling -- steep ramp) intensity. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were collected at the end of each physical activity. Distribution of data were examined and used to determine the type of repeated measures (parametric vs. non-parametric). A categorical principal component analysis was performed to determine the amount of variability explained by actigraphy, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. Activity count cut-points were estimated using bootstrapping methods. Results Twenty-eight manual wheelchair users completed the study. Actigraphy, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion co-varied as physical activity intensity changed. Activity counts for low-intensity and medium-intensity physical activities were estimated to be 0 to 45 and 45 to 100 activity counts per second, respectively. Activity counts' ranges for high-intensity physical activities were not clear. Conclusion Combining actigraphy and rating of perceived exertion could be an easy and reliable method to measure the intensity of real-world activities. Further research is needed confirm cut-points for physical activity intensity.
Design and Implementation of Brushing Limestone Control System for Trees Based on Microcomputer

At present, the traditional work of brushing lime water for trees is mainly artificial. In order to solve the problems of low efficiency, high labor intensity and high labor cost, we designed a control system of brushing limestone water for trees based on microcomputer. The control system uses the enhanced 51 single chip microcomputer as the main control module. Limestone water is extracted from the tank to the manipulator by controlling water pump, and the manipulator is driven by Screw rod of motor to move up and down. Finally, the manipulator is manually adjusted to realize the circular spraying of lime water on the trunk. The experimental results show that the control system has the characteristics of convenient operation, strong reliability, small volume and good spraying effect, and has a broad application prospect.
Deep learning-based semantic segmentation of grain morphologies in ceramics

It is of great significance to study the distribution and quantity of various ceramic grains in ceramic materials for the research and improvement of their chemical and physical properties. There are many kinds of ceramic grain morphologies, which are different due to the phase structure or component composition. At present, the main way to distinguish different morphologies is to use the surface micrographs for artificial statistics, which can't effectively provide accurate information. This paper proposes a method of semantic segmentation of ceramic grains based on a fully convolution neural network. The method consists of three stages: building ceramic grain data set, training neural network, and testing network model. First, the grain morphologies of the ceramic surface were collected by a microscopic instrument, and the image was manually cut and marked with a marking software. Then, the cut image and the artificial label are input into the full convolution neural network for training. Finally, the test image is input into the trained network, and the segmented semantic image is output. The experimental results show that the semantic segmentation of crystal with a fully convolutional neural network can get good results, and the accuracy and speed are higher than that of artificial segmentation. Of most significance is the low cost of this method.
Formative research to underpin a text messaging home safety intervention for young mothers

Objective: Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death for infants and young children in the USA, and the children of young mothers are at an even higher risk. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have been successful in promoting behaviour change for many health conditions. This study assessed interest in mSafety, a text and video messaging mHealth intervention targeting injury prevention knowledge, behaviour and self-efficacy in young mothers. Design: Interviews with young mothers were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Setting: Interviews took place at a health clinic for teenage mothers and their children and at a local public charter high school which serves pregnant teenagers and young mothers. Method: A trained research assistant conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 young mothers (ages 15–20). Participants were asked both closed and open-ended questions to elicit opinions about their willingness to utilise mSafety. Results: The results of the interviews were positive. Participants were most interested in learning about the prevention of falls and poisonings, as well as safe sleep. Many emphasised that the language of the messages should be simple and that videos could be included to demonstrate methods of injury prevention. Most interviewees were willing to participate in a ‘virtual home safety visit’ in which participants text home photos to an expert to evaluate home safety practices. Conclusion: The concept of an mHealth intervention that would provide young mothers with the tools to prevent injuries among their children received positive feedback.
Prevalence of Intracranial Saccular Aneurysms in a Japanese Community Based on a Consecutive Autopsy Series During a 30-Year Observation Period

Background and Purpose—Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a life-threatening disease that occurs mostly because of the rupture of intracranial saccular aneurysms. However, little is known about the prevalence of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms in the general population. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of intracranial aneurysms on the basis of a consecutive autopsy series over a 30-year observation period in a general Japanese population in Hisayama. Methods—We evaluated 1230 consecutive autopsy cases with craniotomy among the total deaths of Hisayama residents during 1962 through 1991 (overall autopsy rate, 80.1%). Results—A total of 73 intracranial saccular aneurysms were found in 57 cases (4.6%). The prevalence of aneurysms for women was 2.4 times higher than that for men (7.1% versus 2.9%). Among men, the prevalence of aneurysms remained unchanged across the range of age groups. In contrast, there were 2 peaks in the prevalence of aneurysms for women falling in the 40- to 49-year (.
The Rules of Human T Cell Fate in vivo

The processes governing lymphocyte fate (division, differentiation, and death), are typically assumed to be independent of cell age. This assumption has been challenged by a series of elegant studies which clearly show that, for murine cells in vitro, lymphocyte fate is age-dependent and that younger cells (i.e., cells which have recently divided) are less likely to divide or die. Here we investigate whether the same rules determine human T cell fate in vivo. We combined data from in vivo stable isotope labeling in healthy humans with stochastic, agent-based mathematical modeling. We show firstly that the choice of model paradigm has a large impact on parameter estimates obtained using stable isotope labeling i.e., different models fitted to the same data can yield very different estimates of T cell lifespan. Secondly, we found no evidence in humans in vivo to support the model in which younger T cells are less likely to divide or die. This age-dependent model never provided the best description of isotope labeling; this was true for naïve and memory, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, this age-dependent model also failed to predict an independent data set in which the link between division and death was explored using Annexin V and deuterated glucose. In contrast, the age-independent model provided the best description of both naïve and memory T cell dynamics and was also able to predict the independent dataset.
Retinal Distribution and Extracellular Activity of Granzyme B: A Serine Protease That Degrades Retinal Pigment Epithelial Tight Junctions and Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Granzymes are a family of serine proteases first shown to be intracellular initiators of immune-mediated cell death in target pathogenic cells. In addition to its intracellular role, Granzyme B (GzmB) has important extracellular functions in immune regulation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Verified substrates of extracellular GzmB activity include tight junctional and ECM proteins. Interestingly, little is known about the activity of GzmB in the outer human retina, a tissue in which the degradation of the tight junctional contacts of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and within the external limiting membrane, as well as remodeling of the ECM in Bruch's membrane, cause the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and slowing of metabolite transport between neuroretina and choroidal blood supply. Such pathological changes in outer retina signal early events in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory eye disease. This study is the first to focus on the distribution of GzmB in the outer retina of the healthy and diseased post-mortem human eye. Our results revealed that GzmB is present in RPE and choroidal mast cells. More immunoreactive cells are present in older (>65 years) compared to younger (<55 years) donor eyes, and choroidal immunoreactive cells are more numerous in eyes with choroidal neovascularization (CNV), while RPE immunoreactive cells are more numerous in eyes with soft drusen, an early AMD event. In vitro studies demonstrated that RPE-derived tight junctional and ECM proteins are cleaved by exogenous GzmB stimulation. These results suggest that the increased presence of GzmB immunoreactive cells in outer retina of older (healthy) eyes as well as in diseased eyes with CNV (from AMD) and eyes with soft drusen exacerbate ECM remodeling in the Bruch's membrane and degradation of the blood-retinal barrier. Currently there are no treatments that prevent remodeling of the Bruch's membrane and/or the loss of function of the outer blood-retinal barrier, known to promote early AMD changes, such as drusen deposition, RPE dysfunction and pro-inflammation. Specific inhibitors of GzmB, already in preclinical studies for non-ocular diseases, may provide new strategies to stop these early events associated with the development of AMD.
Development and Evaluation of the Nebraska Assessment of Computing Knowledge

One way to increase the quality of computing education research is to increase the quality of the measurement tools that are available to researchers, especially measures of students' knowledge and skills. This paper represents a step toward increasing the number of available thoroughly-evaluated tests that can be used in computing education research by evaluating the psychometric properties of a multiple-choice test designed to differentiate undergraduate students in terms of their mastery of foundational computing concepts. Classical test theory and item response theory analyses are reported and indicate that the test is a reliable, psychometrically-sound instrument suitable for research with undergraduate students. Limitations and the importance of using standardized measures of learning in education research are discussed.
Natural genetic variation affecting transcription factor spacing at regulatory regions is generally well tolerated

Regulation of gene expression requires the combinatorial binding of sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) at promoters and enhancers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and short insertions and deletions (InDels) can influence gene expression by altering the sequences of TF binding sites. Prior studies also showed that alterations in the spacing between TF binding sites can influence promoter and enhancer activity. However, the relative importance of altered TF spacing has not been systematically analyzed in the context of natural genetic variation. Here, we exploit millions of InDels provided by five diverse strains of mice to globally investigate the effects of altered spacing on TF binding and local histone acetylation in macrophages. We find that spacing alterations resulting from InDels are generally well tolerated in comparison to genetic variants that directly alter TF binding sites. These findings have implications for the interpretation of non-coding genetic variation and comparative analysis of regulatory elements across species.
ATF6 as a Nodal Regulator of Proteostasis in the Heart

Proteostasis encompasses a homeostatic cellular network in all cells that maintains the integrity of the proteome, which is critical for optimal cellular function. The components of the proteostasis network include protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. Cardiac myocytes have a specialized endoplasmic reticulum (ER) called the sarcoplasmic reticulum that is well known for its role in contractile calcium handling. However, less studied is the proteostasis network associated with the ER, which is of particular importance in cardiac myocytes because it ensures the integrity of proteins that are critical for cardiac contraction, e.g., ion channels, as well as proteins necessary for maintaining myocyte viability and interaction with other cell types, e.g., secreted hormones and growth factors. A major aspect of the ER proteostasis network is the ER unfolded protein response (UPR), which is initiated when misfolded proteins in the ER activate a group of three ER transmembrane proteins, one of which is the transcription factor, ATF6. Prior to studies in the heart, ATF6 had been shown in model cell lines to be primarily adaptive, exerting protective effects by inducing genes that encode ER proteins that fortify protein-folding in this organelle, thus establishing the canonical role for ATF6. Subsequent studies in isolated cardiac myocytes and in the myocardium, in vivo, have expanded roles for ATF6 beyond the canonical functions to include the induction of genes that encode proteins outside of the ER that do not have known functions that are obviously related to ER protein-folding. The identification of such non-canonical roles for ATF6, as well as findings that the gene programs induced by ATF6 differ depending on the stimulus, have piqued interest in further research on ATF6 as an adaptive effector in cardiac myocytes, underscoring the therapeutic potential of activating ATF6 in the heart. Moreover, discoveries of small molecule activators of ATF6 that adaptively affect the heart, as well as other organs, in vivo, have expanded the potential for development of ATF6-based therapeutics. This review focuses on the ATF6 arm of the ER UPR and its effects on the proteostasis network in the myocardium.
Novel Mobilizable Genomic Island GEI-D18A Mediates Conjugational Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Multidrug-Resistant Strain Rheinheimera sp. D18

Aquatic environments act as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance from these environments is of increasing concern. In this study, a multidrug-resistant bacterial strain, identified as Rheinheimera sp. D18, was isolated from the sea water of an industrial maricultural system in the Yellow Sea, China. Whole-genome sequencing of D18 revealed the presence of a novel 25.8 kb antibiotic resistance island, designated GEI-D18A, which carries several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including aadA1, aacA3, tetR, tet(B), catA, dfrA37, and three sul1 genes. Besides, integrase, transposase, resolvase, and recombinase encoding genes were also identified in GEI-D18A. The transferability of GEI-D18A was confirmed by mating experiments between Rheinheimera sp. D18 and Escherichia coli 25DN, and efflux pump inhibitor assays also suggested that tet(B) in GEI-D18A was responsible for tetracycline resistance in both D18 and the transconjugant. This study represents the first characterization of a mobilizable antibiotic resistance island in a species of Rheinheimera and provides evidence that Rheinheimera spp. could be important reservoirs and vehicles for ARGs in the Yellow Sea area.