Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FREQUENT HEADACHE: A FAR TOO COMMON PROBLEM*

Frequent headaches are becoming increasingly recognized as an important medical and public health problem. Defined as headaches that occur 15 days or more per month, frequent headaches of long duration (ie, lasting 4 hours or more) are commonly classified as transformed migraine (or chronic migraine) or chronic tension-type headache; less common possibilities are hemicrania continua and new daily persistent headache. The results of recent epidemiologic studies of frequent headache highlight the high prevalence and cost of headache to society, and underscore the widespread overuse of analgesics by people with these types of headaches. In the United States, revised diagnostic criteria have been proposed and tested. This paper reviews the epidemiologic burden of frequent headache and the results of recent studies that assess transformed migraine as a diagnostic concept. (Advanced Studies in Medicine 2001;1:8‐15)
Relationship between knowledge and self-care practices regarding tuberculosis treatment among clients aged 20 – 40 years at Beatrice Road Infectious Hospital outpatient clinic

Tuberculosis is a worldwide public health problem with a continued increase in both morbidity and mortality. It has been compounded by HIV/AIDS pandermic. Tuberculosis is widely known to affect the most economically active group, with 99% of all TB death occurring in the developing countries. Directly Observed Treatment Short Course is an internationally recommended approach adopted to improve self care practices as adherence among the clients on tuberculosis treatment. In Zimbabwe over 40,000 cases were reported in 2007 at a rate of 302 per 100 000 population, compared to 402 per 100 000 in 2000. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between self-care practices and knowledge among 20-40 year old clients on tuberculosis therapeutic management at Beatrice Road Infectious Disease Hospital Outpatient Clinic. Oremâ€™s self-care nursing model was used as a conceptual framework. The study used descriptive correlation design. The study included a random sample of 80 subjects comprising 48 females and 32 males aged between 22 to 40 years. The interview schedule contained closed ended structured questions on the demographic data open ended and closed ended questions on dependent and independent variables. Data was collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed a significant low positive Pearson correlation coefficient of (r = .354, p* < 0.01) implying that as knowledge increases self-care increases. Regression analysis R2 = . 125 expressed as percentage 12.5. This implies that knowledge accounts for 12.5% of the variance in the self-care practice. F Statistics = 11. 140; p = . 001). Therefore there is need to reinforce individualized health education and counseling of clients. For self-care to be effective, the clients should have knowledge skills to do self-care (Orem, 1991).
Changes of respiratory function with diabetes and/or with the aging process Variaciones de la función respiratoria con la diabetes y/o con la edad

Alterations in the pulmonary microcirculation and the possible changes in the parenchyma lead certain authors to consider the lung as yet another “target organ” in diabetes. Studies assessing the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on the spirometry have found changes in the cross-sectional measurements and longitudinal follow-up of the forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume in the first second. However, certain flaws in the method, the fact that the values fell within the limits of normality and their lack of clinical repercussions, question the continuing relevance of these findings.
Can portfolio returns exceed market return? An examination of the efficient market hypothesis for the Indian stock market

Abctract. The paper explores the possibility of forming portfolio of stocks that can generate returns higher than the market over a time period. Various principles are used for portfolio formation in the year 2013, and it is examined whether such portfolios have been able to generate excess returns over the next five years. Data has been used for Indian companies which are listed in the National Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange. Further, our sample consist of companies that have in operation over this period, have earned profits each year, and have consistently paid dividends in each of the years. The period under consideration has seen upswings and downswings, and it is our interest to explore whether our portfolios have been able to generate excess returns. Our results provide interesting insight into portfolio formation and also structuring of mutual funds. Keywords. Portfolio, Price/earnings ratio, PEG ratio, Dividend yield, Net profit margin, Excess returns. JEL. G11, G14, G23, G24.
Development of Axial Gap Generators for Mycro-hydro System utilizing Magnetic Material Attached Magnetic Flux Concentrated Permanent Magnets

Purpose of this study is to develop a direct-drive, high-efficiency, small-sized axial gap microhydro-electric generator whose diameter is around 300 mm 500 mm and output power is 1 kW at 20 rpm. In this designing, we have tried to use magnetic material attached magnetic flux concentrated permanent magnets (MFCPM) arrangement in order to feed larger magnetic flux. Also the magnetic flux is enhanced by inserting a piece of electrical steel sheets in the MFCPM arrangement. The structure of the MFCPM arrangement, the combination of the segmented permanent magnets and the electrical steel sheets is optimized in cut-and-try optimizations by using the three-dimensional finite element method. The calculated result is compared with that of the surface permanent magnet (SPM) type axial gap generator with a combination of 36 poles 54 slots.
Assessment of the factors of mental health of the elderly population of Russia on the basis of individual data

Mental health is determined as a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community (WHO 2014, 2017). By taking the example of the elderly population of Russia the article reveals the existence and nature of ties between individual socio-economic characteristics of the older age people and the level of their mental health. The article presents the author’s method of assessment of mental health of the elderly population, which is based on a brief scale of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Individual data from the WHO International Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) conducted in the regions of Russia in 2002-2004 (wave 0) and in 2007-2010 (wave 1) are used as the empirical basis of the study.
Maternal hemodynamics in screen positive and negative women of the ASPRE trial

Objective : To compare maternal hemodynamics and perinatal outcomes in women identified at 11-13 weeks’ gestation as being screen positive (N=170) or negative (N=926) for preterm preeclampsia (PE) by a combination of maternal factors, mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index and serum placental growth factor and pregnancy associated plasma protein-A. Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of maternal cardiovascular function, assessed by a bioreactance method, in women undergoing first trimester screening for PE. We investigated screen positive and screen negative women that did not have medical co-morbidities, did not develop PE or pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and delivered livebirths at term with birthweight between the 5 th to 95 th percentiles. A multilevel linear mixed-effects model was performed to compare the repeated measures of the cardiac variables controlling for maternal characteristics. Results: The screen negative group had normal cardiac function changes across gestation, whereas, the screen positive group demonstrated static or reducing cardiac output and stroke volume and higher mean arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance with advancing gestation. In the screen-positive, compared to screen-negative women, the birth-weight z-score was shifted to the left with about 70% higher prevalence of babies below the 35th, 30th or 25th percentile, and the rate of operative delivery for fetal distress in labour. Conclusions: Patients who screen positive for impaired placentation, even if they do not develop PE or deliver SGA neonates, have pathological cardiac adaptation in pregnancy and increased risk of adverse perinatal outcome. longitudinal of The
Feasibility of muscle activity assessment with surface electromyography during bed cycling exercise in ICU patients :

Introduction: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients often develop weakness. Rehabilitation is initiated early to prevent physical deterioration, but knowledge of optimal training schedules is lacking. A reliable method to assess muscle activity during exercise is needed. In this study we explored the feasibility of electrical activity measurement by surface electromyography (sEMG) during bed cycling in ICU patients. Methods: SEMG was performed in 9 ICU patients and 6 healthy controls. A standardized 1-minute incremental resistance bedside cycle ergometer protocol was used. Results: The median cycle time was 5.3 minutes in patients and 12.0 minutes in controls. The maximum sEMG increased in both groups; the minimal sEMG activity remained the same in patients, whereas an increase in the control group was found. Discussion: sEMG is feasible and can detect muscle activity during bed cycling in ICU patients. It may be a useful monitoring tool. Repeated measurements could possibly provide information on the effects of training. Muscle Nerve 58:688–693, 2018 In critically ill patients who are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), muscle weakness often develops, which is referred to as ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW). Limiting bed rest and inactivity in early rehabilitation has a positive effect on muscle strength, walking ability, and functional outcome. However, the optimal frequency, intensity, and type of exercise for ICU patients is unknown. To achieve training effects on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness, the training load should be sufficient, but not excessive, for the cardiac, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems. Monitoring of these systems during exercise is required to investigate and document the training intensity. Therefore, a tool to assess muscle activity during exercise would be helpful to identify the optimal level of exercise intensity for an individual. Such information would allow the development of a personalized training schedule. Surface electromyography (sEMG) monitoring of muscle activity has been described in healthy volunteers to assess muscle activity and fatigue during exercise. sEMG detects the electrical activity of the motor units that are involved in muscle contractions and can be considered a surrogate measure of the effort of the muscles. sEMG has been used for diaphragm monitoring in (mechanically ventilated) pre-term infants, but monitoring of leg muscles during bed cycling in patients in the ICU is new and could provide useful information. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether sEMG is a feasible method for muscle monitoring during bed cycling in ICU patients.
Acetate turnover and methanogenic pathways in Amazonian lake sediments

Abstract. Lake sediments in Amazonia are a significant source of CH4, a potential greenhouse gas. Previous studies of sediments using 13C analysis found that the contribution of hydrogenotrophic versus acetoclastic methanogenesis to CH4 production was relatively high. Here, we determined the methanogenic pathway in the same sediments (n=6) by applying 14Cbicarbonate or 2-14Cacetate and confirmed the high relative contribution (50 %–80 %) of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. The respiratory index (RI) of 2-14Cacetate, which is 14CO2 relative to 14CH4+14CO2, divided the sediments into two categories, i.e., those with an RI < 0.2 consistent with the operation of acetoclastic methanogenesis and those with an RI > 0.4 showing that a large percentage of the acetate-methyl was oxidized to CO2 rather than reduced to CH4. Hence, part of the acetate was probably converted to CO2 plus H2 via syntrophic oxidation, thus enhancing hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. This happened despite the presence of potentially acetoclastic Methanosaetaceae in all the sediments. Alternatively, acetate may have been oxidized with a constituent of the sediment organic matter (humic acid) serving as oxidant. Indeed, apparent acetate turnover rates were larger than CH4 production rates except in those sediments with a R<0.2. Our study demonstrates that CH4 production in Amazonian lake sediments was not simply caused by a combination of hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenesis but probably involved additional acetate turnover.
Impact of a ( poly ) phenol-rich extract from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum on 1 DNA damage and antioxidant activity in an overweight / obese population : a randomised 2 controlled trial 3 4

49 Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a diet rich in (poly)phenols has beneficial 50 effects on many chronic diseases. Brown seaweed is a rich source of (poly)phenols 51 Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability and effect of a brown 52 seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) (poly)phenol extract from on DNA damage, oxidative stress, 53 and inflammation in vivo. 54 Design: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted in 80 55 participants aged 30-65 years with a BMI ≥25kg/m2. The participants consumed either a 400 56 mg capsule containing 100 mg of seaweed (poly)phenol and 300 mg maltodextrin or a 400 mg 57 maltodextrin placebo control capsule daily for an 8-week period. Bioactivity was assessed 58 with a panel of blood-based markers including lymphocyte DNA damage, plasma oxidant 59 capacity, C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokines. To explore the bioavailability of 60 seaweed phenolics, an untargeted metabolomics analysis of urine and plasma samples 61 following seaweed consumption was determined by UHPLC-HR-MS. 62 Results: Consumption of the seaweed (poly)phenols resulted in a modest decrease DNA 63 damage but only in a subset of the total population who were obese. There were no significant 64 changes in CRP, antioxidant status, inflammatory cytokines. We identified phlorotannin 65 metabolites that are considered potential biomarkers of seaweed consumption including 66 pyrogallol/phloroglucinol-sulfate, hydroxytrifurahol A-glucuronide, dioxinodehydroeckol67 glucuronide, diphlorethol sulfates, C-O-C dimers of phloroglucinol sulfate, C-O-C dimers of 68 phloroglucinol and diphlorethol sulfate. 69 Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first comprehensive 70 study investigating the bioactivity and bioavailability of seaweed (poly)phenolics in human 71 participants. We identified several potential biomarkers of seaweed consumption. Intriguingly, 72 the modest improvements in DNA damage were observed only in the obese subset of the total 73
Mapping a Suppressor of dmc1-2 in Arabidopsis thaliana

Meiosis is a cellular process in which a diploid cell produces four haploid gamete cells. During Meiosis I, crossovers (COs) between homologous chromosomes result in the reciprocal exchange of genetic material; these COs ensure proper segregation of chromosomes. Without COs, abnormal segregation of unpaired chromosomes in meiosis leaves Arabidopsis thaliana sterile. During crossing-over, DMC1 mediates the strand invasion process. Previous studies have shown that dmc1 null mutants lack COs and are sterile. The Copenhaver laboratory isolated a hypomorphic allele of DMC1 (dmc1-2) and used it to identify suppressor mutants that restore fertility. These were called suppressors of dmc1-2 mutants (sdm lines). Here, we crossed a sdm candidate line (sdm17) to a polymorphic parent (Landsberg erecta), and screened the resulting F1s to identify heterozygotes. Seeds from a single F1 plant were used to generate a F2 mapping population. From this population, dmc1-2; sdm17 plants were identified by genotyping and phenotypic (fertility) analysis. Fertile F2s will be pooled for Illumina sequencing. This will allow us to genetically map the SDM17 locus. The results obtained from this study will provide novel insight into genes that interact with DMC1 in Arabidopsis, which are not well-characterized.
Supplementary-Zero-Shot Anticipation for Instructional Activities

The videos in the Tasty Videos Dataset are captured with a fixed overhead camera and are focused entirely on the preparation of the dish. Videos are designed to be primarily visually informative without any narrations, except for the textual recipe steps. An example video for “Weekday Meal-prep Pesto Chicken and Veggies” can be found online here: https://tasty.co/recipe/ weekday-meal-prep-pesto-chicken-veggies, which is shown in Fig. 24. More videos can be found on https://tasty.co/.
Healthy people need safe drugs too: lessons from Lariam and Halfan

Lariam and Halfan were intended primarily as drugs for healthy people, to prevent them from acquiring malaria. There is no question that safe and effective antimalaria drugs were urgently needed at the time, since it was plain that the malaria parasite had developed resistance to chloroquine: this phenomenon was observed first in Thailand in 1957, then on the Colombian-Venezuelan border in 1959, and in Kenya and Tanzania in 1978. Within a decade of their being marketed, however, the safety of both these novel agents was in doubt.
A direct-sequence spread-spectrum super-regenerative receiver

Current applications of the super-regenerative receiver use narrowband modulations. In this paper a new architecture that allows incoherent detection of spread-spectrum signals is presented. A pseudorandom code generator has been added to the original circuit. It is clocked by the quench oscillator and takes advantage of the characteristic broad reception bandwidth. CDMA can be achieved via ASK and FSK modulated signals with high simplicity in the RF stage as well as low power consumption.
Risk perception of communicable diseases among adult Latvian general practice patients

Michael 2005; 2: 211‐35. Summary Context: The willingness in a population to accept measures against hazards and diseases depends on the perception of health risks involved. Studies on health risk perception in the general population are lacking in Latvia. Objective: To study risk perception of communicable diseases in a sample of adults in Latvia. Design and setting: Data were collected in ten general practices in Latvia October 2001. Every fifth patient visiting the general practitioners (GPs) during two weeks was requested to participate in a structured interview performed by a nurse. Subjects: 199 patients aged 18-78 years; 65% were females. Results: More than half of the respondents perceived that they were at high risk of contracting communicable diseases, especially food borne infections. Twenty eight percent of the patients thought that they had a high or very high risk of attracting lung tuberculosis, and an additional 20% perceived this risk as being moderate. Only 19% had a high or very high confidence in preventive measures against communicable diseases, but 58% had high or very high confidence in treatment. More than half regarded their knowledge about communicable diseases as rather low. Conclusion: There seems to be a substantial perception of risk of communicable diseases among adults in Latvia. This is combined with a low confidence in preventive measures, but a high trust in treatment. Latvia probably has important preventive potentials in strengthening general health education about public health matters, and in particular in relation to the prevention of communicable diseases.
Measures and functions with prescribed spectrum

In this paper we construct measures supported in Œ0; 1 with prescribed multifractal spectrum. Moreover, these measures are homogeneously multifractal (HM, for short), in the sense that their restriction on any subinterval of Œ0; 1 has the same multifractal spectrum as the whole measure. The spectra f that we are able to prescribe are suprema of a countable set of step functions supported by subintervals of Œ0; 1 and satisfy f . h/ h for all h 2 Œ0; 1 . We also find a surprising constraint on the multifractal spectrum of a HM measure, that we call Darboux theorem for multifractal spectra of measures: the support of its spectrum within Œ0; 1 must be an interval. This result is optimal, because there exists a HM measure with spectrum supported by Œ0; 1 [ 12o. Using wavelet theory, we also build HM functions with prescribed multifractal spectrum. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 26A16, 28A80, 28C15; Secondary 28A78, 42C40.
Should Developing Countries Incorporate Pneumococcal and Rotavirus vaccines in their National Immunisation Programmes

In recent times there has been an unprecedented global focus on addition of newer vaccines like Rotavirus and Pneumococcal vaccines(PCV) to reduce diarrhoea and pneumonia mortality and enhance child survival. Many issues need to be resolved before introducing these vaccines in resource poor developing countries. There is a need to know how effective these vaccines are for decreasing mortality due to childhood pneumonia and diarrhea in developing countries. The concern is that introduction of these vaccines is likely to divert the meagre resources available away from more beneficial, evidence based cost-effective interventions such as supplying safe water and sanitation, promotion of early and exclusive breastfeeding, and improving health systems which are crucial to control morbidity and mortality due to childhood diarrhoea and pneumonia more sustainably.
Exploiting automatic analysis of e-commerce protocols

While e-commerce continuously grows prosperous, some advantages e-commerce applications claimed haven't really been gained. More seriously, the availability and reliability of these systems are particularly hard to obtain. The e-commerce protocols, as the core of e-commerce applications, ask for new development approach and techniques to be introduced for their highly reliable and safe design and implementation. This paper describes research on synthesis of extended UML formalism and formal verification techniques for automatic development of e-commerce protocols. In this paper, we refine AUML protocol diagrams for visual modeling, and develop algorithm and rules to translate visually modeled e-commerce protocols into formal models that are then validated using model checking. This approach is applied to the design of an e-commerce protocol, NetBill, as example. Our objective is to create tools that enable designers to automatically develop available and reliable e-commerce protocols.
Enhancement to RED algorithm

RED (random early detection) has gained rather more attention as the AQM (active queue management) recommendation algorithm. The instability and difficulty in tuning control parameter settings are two great obstacles. We first identify several design problems that lead to the oscillation occurring in the steady state, such as, the control law is too simple to overcome the effect caused by the queue system inertia, then introduce the varying speed of average queue size as a new state variable to predict the trend of the network load condition, and modify the dropping function using the new variable as enhancement to the standard RED algorithm. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the enhanced algorithm. The enhancement makes the RED constrain the oscillation and become more robust and adaptable.