Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Attention-Based Theory of Mental Accounting∗

We analyze how an agent with costly attention optimally attends and responds to shocks in basic consumption decisions, explaining several types of mental accounting, and making additional predictions. When allocating consumption among goods with different degrees of substitutability, the agent may create budgets for the more substitutable products. But if the goods are complements, the agent — consistent with naive diversification — may choose a fixed, unconsidered mix of products. When managing her consumption from and transfers between an investment account and a checking account, the latter of which she has an incentive to balance, the agent’s marginal propensity to consume (MPC) out of shocks to the checking account is greater than her MPC out of shocks to the investment account. Furthermore, because paying attention to her budgeting is costly, the agent prefers to reduce spending risk, and she is more averse to risk in the checking account than in the investment account. As a result, she may optimally switch to a cheaper substitute product when a random price increase occurs.
Aalborg Universitet A Currentless Sorting and Selection based Capacitor-Voltage-Balancing Method for Modular Multilevel Converters

This letter proposes a currentless sorting and selection (SAS) based capacitor-voltage-balancing method for modular multilevel converters (MMCs). Without the knowledge of arm-current signals, this method has almost the same performance as the conventional SAS method while reducing the sampling signals, compacting the control system and saving the overall cost. In this letter, the derivative of the total capacitor voltage of an arm, instead of the arm current, is employed to determine which sub-modules (SMs) should be inserted or bypassed. Furthermore, the efficacy of the proposed method is verified by experimental results.
Consistent Transformations of Knowledge Bases in Answer Set Programming

One of the major and traditional topics of Artificial Intelligence over many years has been knowledge representation and reasoning. It has proved to be a strong theoretical framework for Logic Programming to manage dynamic knowledge bases. In this work, one of two parts, we go through current and some of those past proposals to update knowledge coded into Answer Set Programming knowledge bases, by analysing their features and identifying challenges to represent correct evolving knowledge.
Potential Role of Estrogen Metabolite 2-Methoxyestradiol in Health and Disease

Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) is an endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2) that was originally thought to be an inert end product of estrogen metabolism. However, studies con ducted over the past two decades have shown 2-ME2 to be a pro- mising anticancer agent. Reports suggest that 2-ME2 directly influences tumor growth through mechanisms which reduce cell proliferation or induce apoptosis as well as through the inhibition of angiogenesis. Incidentally, 2-ME2 as an anticancer agent has poor bioavailability, and this has led to the development of several analogs and derivatives, which currently have had limited success. Thus, it is imperative that we re-evaluate our understanding of 2-ME2-mediated effects in order to innovatively derive, or generate, more efficacious cancer treatment options. In this review, the roles of 2-ME2 in cancer as well as the highly variable mechanisms of action reported for this metabolite are discussed.
AN APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE REFURBISHMENT OF EXISTING BUILDING

The climate change challenge in built environment is complex as on one side there is a pressure to reduce carbon emissions from energy consumption, on the other side energy consumption trends are moving upwards and performance of the existing housing stock is degrading. As the majority of the existing housing stock will still be standing in 2050 there is need to address its energy consumption if CO2 targets are to be met. This challenge forms the basis refurbishment, offers a huge potential to improve the performance of existing housing to the meet climate change and sustainability. Although the technical approaches to low carbon refurbishment are well known; deep retrofit uptake is currently very low. Through a review of literature, review of theoretical areas under which social landlord operate this paper will explore possible reasons for the low uptake and present a theoretical model of the key decision points that influence the refurbishment process in social housing in UK. The paper will identify the importance of economic and social drivers alongside technical solutions in designing effective refurbishment interventions. The paper will present the model in the form of a decision tree which will help built environmental professionals better understand the refurbishment process and develop effective business models that contribute towards sustainability by reduced energy consumption, improved thermal comfort. The study will help closing the performance gap by balancing the adaptation and mitigation measuring impacts.
Regulation Poles Apart : Prokaryotic Polar Organelles and Their Spatial service

While polar organelles hold the key to understanding the fundamentals of cell polarity and cell biological principles in general, they have served in the past merely for taxonomical purposes. Here, we highlight recent efforts in unraveling the molecular basis of polar organelle positioning in bacterial cells. Specifically, we detail the role of members of the Ras-like GTPase superfamily and coiled-coil-rich scaffolding proteins in modulating bacterial cell polarity and in recruiting effector proteins to polar sites. Such roles are well established for eukaryotic cells, but not for bacterial cells that are generally considered diffusion-limited. Studies on spatial regulation of protein positioning in bacterial cells, though still in their infancy, will undoubtedly experience a surge of interest, as comprehensive localization screens have yielded an extensive list of (polarly) localized proteins, potentially reflecting subcellular sites of functional specialization predicted for organelles. KIRKPATRICK, Clare, VIOLLIER, Patrick. Poles apart: prokaryotic polar organelles and their spatial regulation. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 2011, vol. 3, no. 3 DOI : 10.1101/cshperspect.a006809
Crazy heart: kinematics of the “star pile” in Abell 545

We study the structure and internal kinematics of the “star pile” in Abell 545 – a low surface brightness structure lying in the center of the cluster. We have obtained deep long-slit spectroscopy of the star pile using VLT/FORS2 and Gemini/GMOS, which is analyzed in conjunction with deep multiband CFHT/MEGACAM imaging. As presented in a previous study the star pile has a flat luminosity profile and its color is consistent with the outer parts of elliptical galaxies. Its velocity map is irregular, with parts being seemingly associated with an embedded nucleus, and others which have significant velocity o ff sets to the cluster systemic velocity with no clear kinematical connection to any of the surrounding galaxies. This would make the star pile a dynamically defined stellar intra-cluster component. The complicated pattern in velocity and velocity dispersions casts doubts on the adequacy of using the whole star pile as a dynamical test for the innermost dark matter profile of the cluster. This status is fulfilled only by the nucleus and its nearest surroundings which lie at the center of the cluster velocity distribution.
Monitoring the Sequelae of Coronary Microembolization on Myocardium Using Noninvasive Imaging (Review)

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. It has been clinically classified into 1) ischemic from a primary coronary event (e.g., plaque rupture or thrombotic occlusion), 2) ischemic from a supply-and-demand mismatch and c) ischemic from a percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Catheter-based PCI has been frequently used as an alternative to conventional bypass surgery for patients at high risk. However, this method of treatment is associated with microvascular obstruction (MVO) by dislodged microemboli that results in left ventricular (LV) dysfunction/remodeling, perfusion deficits, microinfarction and arrhythmia. The contributions of microemboli after revascularization of AMI have been acknowledged by major cardiac and interventional societies. Recent studies showed that Emboli Detection and Classification (EDAC) Quantifier offers increased sensitivity and capability for detecting dislodged coronary microemboli during PCI. Coronary microembolization can be detected directly by monitoring intra-myocardial contrast opacification on contrast echocardiography, increasing F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography, loss/diminution of signal on first pass perfusion and hypoenhanced zone on contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and indirectly by ST-segment elevation on electro-cardiography (ECG). The relations between volumes/sizes of microemboli, visibility of microinfarct, myocardial perfusion and LV function are still under intensive discussions. Non-invasive imaging can play important role in assessing these parameters. This review shed the light on the techniques used for detecting coronary microemboli, microvascular obstruction and microinfarct and the short- and long-term effects of microemboli on LV function, structure and perfusion.
Interrogating The Mechanism Of Long Noncoding RNA ARlnc-1 In Regulating AR Signaling

Motivation: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not get translated into proteins. Often these transcripts are processed (spliced, capped, polyadenylated) and some are known to have important biological functions. However, most lncRNAs have unknown or poorly understood functions. Nevertheless, because of their potential role in cancer, lncRNAs are receiving a lot of attention, and the need for computational tools to predict their possible mechanisms of action is more than ever. Fundamentally, most of the known lncRNA mechanisms involve RNA-RNA and/or RNA-protein interactions. Through accurate predictions of each kind of interaction and integration of these predictions, it is possible to elucidate potential mechanisms for a given lncRNA. Approach: Here we introduce MechRNA, a pipeline for corroborating RNA-RNA interaction prediction and protein binding prediction for identifying possible lncRNA mechanisms involving specific targets or on a transcriptome-wide scale. The first stage uses a version of IntaRNA2 with added functionality for efficient prediction of RNA-RNA interactions with very long input sequences, allowing for large-scale analysis of lncRNA interactions with little or no loss of optimality. The second stage integrates protein binding information pre-computed by GraphProt, for both the lncRNA and the target. The final stage involves inferring the most likely mechanism for each lncRNA/target pair. This is achieved by generating candidate mechanisms from the predicted interactions, the relative locations of these interactions and correlation data, followed by selection of the most likely mechanistic explanation using a combined p-value. Results: We applied MechRNA on a number of recently identified cancer-related lncRNAs (PCAT1, PCAT29, ARLnc1) and also on two well-studied lncRNAs (PCA3 and 7SL). This led to the identification of hundreds of high confidence potential targets for each lncRNA and corresponding mechanisms. These predictions include the known competitive mechanism of 7SL with HuR for binding on the tumor suppressor TP53, as well as mechanisms expanding what is known about PCAT1 and ARLn1 and their targets BRCA2 and AR, respectively. For PCAT1-BRCA2, the mechanism involves competitive binding with HuR, which we confirmed using HuR immunoprecipitation assays. Availability: MechRNA is available for download at https://bitbucket.org/compbio/mechrna Contact: backofen@informatik.uni-freiburg.de, cenksahi@indiana.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the . http://dx.doi. org/10.1101/285965 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Mar. 20, 2018;
Spin-caloric transport properties of cobalt nanostructures: Spin disorder effects from first principles

The fundamental aspects of spin-dependent transport processes and their interplay with temperature gradients, as given by the spin Seebeck coefficient, are still largely unexplored and a multitude of contributing factors must be considered. We used density functional theory together with a Monte-Carlo-based statistical method to simulate simple nanostructures, such as Co nanowires and films embedded in a Cu host or in vacuum, and investigated the influence of spin-disorder scattering on electron transport at elevated temperatures. While we show that the spin-dependent scattering of electrons due to temperature induced disorder of the local magnetic moments contributes significantly to the resistance, thermoelectric and spin-caloric transport coefficients, we also conclude that the actual magnitude of these effects cannot be predicted, quantitatively or qualitatively, without such detailed calculations.
Spectral theoretic characterization of the massless Dirac action

We consider an elliptic self-adjoint first order differential operator L acting on pairs (2-columns) of complex-valued half-densities over a connected compact 3-dimensional manifold without boundary. The principal symbol of the operator L is assumed to be trace-free and the subprincipal symbol is assumed to be zero. Given a positive scalar weight function, we study the weighted eigenvalue problem for the operator L. The corresponding counting function (number of eigenvalues between zero and a positive lambda) is known to admit, under appropriate assumptions on periodic trajectories, a two-term asymptotic expansion as lambda tends to plus infinity and we have recently derived an explicit formula for the second asymptotic coefficient. The purpose of this paper is to establish the geometric meaning of the second asymptotic coefficient. To this end, we identify the geometric objects encoded within our eigenvalue problem - metric, nonvanishing spinor field and topological charge - and express our asymptotic coefficients in terms of these geometric objects. We prove that the second asymptotic coefficient of the counting function has the geometric meaning of the massless Dirac action.
Hodgkin lymphoma in Iceland A clinico-pathological study

5 ÁGRIP . 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 9 LIST OF FIGURES . 11 LIST OF TABLES . 12 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . 13
RANDOM WALKS AND PLANE ARRANGEMENTS IN THREE DIMENSIONS

The geometry of hyperplane arrangements in Euclidean space is a rich subject, which touches geometry [14], combinatorics [21], and operations research [23]. Probability was introduced into the subject by Bidigare, Hanlon, and Rockmore [2], who found a natural family of random walks associated with hyperplane arrangements. These walks were studied further by Brown and Diaconis [6]. One reason this development is exciting is that the walks admit a rather complete theory. We introduce the reader to this circle of ideas by specializing to the 3-dimensional case (planes in R). Here we are able to use tools from geometry to obtain a surprising formula for the stationary distribution of the walk.
Structural Health Monitoring of Offshore Wind Turbine based on Online Data-driven Support Vector Machine

The structural health monitoring (SHM) of the offshore wind turbine based on data-driven is supposed to extract the numeral characteristics and classify the health condition from the data stream acquired from sensors. Traditional classification method like support vector machine (SVM) and clustering method cannot process data stream directly. In this paper, according to the features of data stream, the SHM system is designed to improve the effects of clustering method, and the health condition is classified online by time-domain and frequency-domain SVM classifiers based on data stream. The experiments are performed with the measured data of the vibration detection of the offshore turbine structures to evaluate the system. The experiment results show that the SHM system proposed in this paper can process the online vibration detection data stream and classify the health condition.
Implementation and Evaluation of VLC-Based Indoor Positioning Systems for Smart Supermarkets

This paper presents an experimental implementation and performance evaluation of an indoor positioning system based on visible light communications (VLC). The system hardware, including a VLC transmitter and a receiver, is designed taking into account the illumination flicker, brightness, signal synchronization, noise and path loss issues. In addition, we propose a simple protocol design for location identification (ID), including the location ID format, the ID frame structure and its error control. The experiments are performed to optimize the design of the receiver so that the pulse-error rate (PER) is minimized. Furthermore, we also confirm the location ID detectability in case of with and without Golay error correction code. Experimental results confirm that it is possible to achieve the PER bellow 10-3 at 9 m or shorter distance. In addition, the location ID detectability is higher than 95% when the receiving time of 0.7 seconds, which is equivalent to the walking speed of 1.4 m/sec, under the LED coverage cell of 2 m.
Effect of Breed (Lean or Fat Pigs) and Sex on Performance and Feeding Behaviour of Group Housed Growing Pigs in a Tropical Climate

The effects of breed and sex on individual growth performance and feeding behaviour were studied between 45 and 90 kg BW in two replicates of forty group-housed pigs. The first and the second replicates were carried out during the warm season (i.e. between February and April 2003) and during the hot season (i.e. between August and October 2003), respectively. During the warm season, ambient temperature and relative humidity averaged 25.3°C and 86.0%. The corresponding values for the hot season were 27.9°C and 83.6%. The pigs were grouped in pens of 10 animals on the basis of breed (Creole or Large White) and sex (gilt or castrated male) and given ad libitum access to a grower diet (9.0 MJ/kg net energy and 158 g/kg crude protein) via feed intake recording equipment (Acema 48). An ear-tag transponder was inserted into each pig and this allowed the time, duration, and size of individual visits to be recorded. The growth performance and feeding pattern were significantly affected by breed, sex, and season. The Creole pigs (CR) had a lower average daily gain (ADG) (642 vs. 861 g/d, p 0.10). Consequently, the food:gain ratio was higher in CR than in LW (3.65 vs. 2.58; p 0.05). Average feeding time per meal and meal size decreased during the hot season (10.9 vs. 13.2 min/meal and 316 vs. 396 g/meal; p<0.01) whereas the rate of feed intake was not affected by season (p = 0.83). On average, 0.69 of total feed intake was consumed during the diurnal period. However, this partition of feed intake was significantly affected by breed, sex, and season. In conclusion, the breed, sex and season significantly affect performance and feeding pattern in growing pigs raised in a tropical climate. Moreover, the results obtained in the present study suggest that differences observed in BW composition between CR and LW are associated with difference in feeding behaviour, in particular, the short-term regulation of feed intake. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2006. Vol 19, No. 4 : 593-600)
Assessing Impacts of Integrating MODIS Vegetation Data in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model Coupled to Two Different Canopy-Resistance Approaches

The impact of 8-day-averaged data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor—namely, the 1-km leaf area index, absorbed photosynthetic radiation, and land-use data—is investigated for use in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for regional weather prediction. These high-resolution, near-real-time MODIS data are hypothesized to enhance the representation of land‐ atmosphere interactions and to potentially improve the WRF model forecast skill for temperature, surface moisture, surfacefluxes, and soil temperature. To test this hypothesis, the impact of using MODIS-based land surfacedataonsurfaceenergyandwaterbudgetswasassessedwithinthe‘‘Noah’’landsurfacemodelwithtwo different canopy-resistance schemes. An ensemble of six model experiments was conducted using the WRF model for a typical summertime episode over the U.S. southern Great Plains that occurred during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) field experiment. The six model experiments were statistically analyzed and showed some degree of improvement in surface latent heat flux and sensible heat flux, as well as surface temperature and moisture, after land use, leaf area index, and green vegetation fraction data were replaced by remotely sensed data. There was also an improvement in the WRF-simulated temperature and boundary layer moisture with MODIS data in comparison with the default U.S. Geological Survey land-use and leaf area index inputs. Overall, analysis suggests that recalibration and improvements to both the input data and the land model help to improve estimation of surface and soil parameters and boundary layer moisture and led to improvement in simulating convection in WRF runs. Incorporating updated land conditions provided the most notable improvements, and the mesoscale model performance could be further enhanced when improved land surface schemes become available.
Fixed-Time Stabilization for Interconnected Systems with Discontinuous Interconnections and Nonidentical Perturbations

This paper investigates the fixed-time stabilization issue for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems with discontinuous interconnections and nonidentical perturbations. Firstly, according to the differential inclusion theory, the solutions of such discontinuous interconnected system are defined in the sense of Filippov. In addition, an improved fixed-time lemma, in which the regional bound r can be freely chosen in [0, 1], is proposed to realize the fixed-time stabilization and estimate the settling time. Then, through designing a state feedback controller and utilizing generalized Lyapunov functional method, sufficient criteria are derived to guarantee the fixed-time stabilization of the discontinuous interconnected system. Especially, the upper bound of the convergence time is estimated by a fixed time, which is independent of initial conditions. Finally, the proposed methodology and results are verified by an example.