Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chía, un sitio precerámico en la Sabana de Bogotá

Uno de los temas mas apasionantes de la investigacion arqueologica americana y de nuestro pais, lo constituye lo que especialistas han llamado, entre otras formas, u etapa critica" o "etapa de cazadores y recolectores"; su interes radica no solo en que se trata de los mas antiguos habitantes de nuestro territorio, sino en que su conocimiento concierne y es basico para comprender los posteriores procesos de desarrollo de las sociedades americanas. Sobre esta tematica en nuestro pais, los planteamientos hechos por G. Reichel-Dolmatoffhacia los primeros anos de la decada del sesenta, senalaban la presencia de sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras no agricolas, basandose en evidencias arqueologicas obtenidas en yacimientos de la Costa Pacifica, Costa Atlantica y Valle del Magdalena. Las limitaciones derivadas de informacion obtenida en sitios no estratificados y artefactos descontextualizados, no permitieron un registro mas amplio sobre sus autores. Sin embargo, desde 1966 con el descubrimiento y estudio de los yacimientos de los abrigos rocosos de El Abra en la Sabana de Bogota, empezo a develarse esa fundamental parte de nuestra historia que se remonta por lo menos a los 13.000 anos antes del presente. La pesquisa iniciada por el arqueologo Gonzalo Correal U. hace veinte anos en El Abra, se plasmo en el gran proyecto "Medio ambiente pleistocenico y el hombre en Colombia". Dicho proyecto, adelantado en distintos momentos y en diferentes lugares de Colombia, ha dado sus frutos con uno de los mas· solidos aportes a nuestra historia, permitiendo conocer las formas de vida de aquellos primeros pobladores, formas de apropiacion y produccion de elementos para su subsistencia, tecnologia, caracteres fisicos de individuos y poblacion, relaciones , adaptaciones y transformaciones, ante un cambiante medio ambiente y sus recursos , etc., medio ambiente conocido en detalle por los trabajos sobre historia geologica y climatica de la Cordillera Oriental y Sabana de
Transactivation of fibronectin promoter by HTLV-I Tax through NF-kappaB pathway.

The facts that fibronectin (FN) mRNA is elevated in cells expressing human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax protein and that Tax is known to transactivate the cellular cAMP-response element (CRE) prompted us to examine whether Tax activates the FN promoter of which CRE is thought to play an important role. We showed that Tax transactivated the FN promoter in Jurkat cells. Deletion analyses showed that the response-element resides within the promoter region of -69 bp and that an NF-kappaB-binding site at -41 bp is involved in the Tax-activation of the FN promoter. Gel-shift assays showed that DNA-protein complexes binding to the NF-kappaB site, composed of NF-kappaB p50/p65, were induced on the NF-kappaB motif at -41 bp by Tax. Overexpression of NF-kappaB enhanced the Tax-activation of the FN promoter. Our study shows that the FN promoter is transactivated by Tax through the NF-kappaB pathway.
Research Online Research

Abstract This work addresses a novel computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system in breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). The CAD system is designed based on a mixture ensemble of convolutional neural networks (ME-CNN) to discriminate between benign and malignant breast tumors. The ME-CNN is a modular and image-based ensemble, which can stochastically partition the high-dimensional image space through simultaneous and competitive learning of its modules. The proposed system was assessed on our database of 112 DCE-MRI studies including solid breast masses, using a wide range of classification measures. The ME-CNN model composed of three CNN experts and one convolutional gating network achieves an accuracy of 96.39%, a sensitivity of 97.73% and a specificity of 94.87%. The experimental results also show that it has competitive classification performances compared to three existing single-classifier methods and two convolutional ensemble methods. The proposed ME-CNN model could provide an effective tool for radiologists to analyse breast DCE-MRI images.
10-Punkte-Programm "Leises Rheintal" von Hessen und Rheinland-Pfalz

Die Laermbelastung hat im Mittelrheintal vor allem durch Schienengueterverkehr in der Nacht Laermpegel erreicht, die bei keiner anderen Umgebungslaermquelle auftreten und Massnahmen zum Schutz der Gesundheit erfordern. Vor dem Hintergrund weiterer Steigerungen im Schienengueterverkehr haben sich die Laender Hessen und Rheinland-Pfalz auf das 10-Punkte-Programm "Leises Rheintal" verstaendigt. Dieses richtet sich an den Bund und zielt auf eine baldige Senkung des Laermniveaus um mindestens 10 dB(A). Erreicht werden soll dieses Ziel mit einer Reihe von kurz-, mittel- und langfristigen Massnahmen. Langfristig muss der aus Umweltgruenden politisch gewollte Schienengueterverkehr aus dem Mittelrheintal herausgenommen und ueber eine Entlastungssstrecke gefuehrt werden. Im Pilotprojekt "Leiser Rhein" erprobt der Bund zwar bereits neue innovative Laermschutzmassnahmen, die zukuenftig eingesetzt werden sollen, doch gibt es hierfuer noch keine Massgaben und Zeitplaene.
Efficient Neural Computation on Network Processors for IoT Protocol Classification

The Internet of Things (IoT) brings forth pressing requirements on the service providers in terms of service differentiation, which plays an important role in pricing policies as well as network load balancing. In this paper, we consider differentiation of application level protocols for IoT from general application protocols through flow classification. We implement a neural network classifier that can run at wire speed reaching 100 Gbps on a network processor. In particular, we study approximations which allow us to efficiently compute the neural network output, while complying with the network processor limitations, which does not provide multiplication or other complex mathematical operations. The results show that the implementation is efficient and that the classification error is negligible.
Molecular signatures that predict nodal metastasis in bladder cancer: does the primary tumor tell tales?

Evaluation of: Smith SC, Baras AS, Dancik G et al. A 20-gene model for molecular nodal staging of bladder cancer: development and prospective assessment. Lancet Oncol. 12, 137–143 (2011). Accurate identification of nodal status in patients with bladder cancer is important in determining their prognosis and administration of perioperative chemotherapy. In this article, we review the study by Smith and colleagues, documenting the identification of a 20-gene model that can predict nodal stage in patients with bladder cancer based on the profiles of their primary tumors. The gene-expression model generated in this study was able to identify node-positive disease based on tumor tissues obtained from patients in a Phase III bladder cancer trial cohort. The model was able to predict nodal status independent of standard clinicopathologic prognostic criteria. This study adds the agnostic profiling dimension to prior investigations that have attempted to define molecular signatures that predict nodal metastasis in bladder cancer patients based on the primary tumors’ gene-expression profiles.
A generalized model of gene dosage and dominant negative effects in macromolecular complexes

Most genes and their corresponding products are supposed to be involved in genetic or biochemical interactions. A typical example is provided by macromolecular complexes, which may contain tens of proteins in defined stoichiometric proportions. Stoichiometric imbalances in such complexes can be a source of abnormal phenotypes. Comparable effects can also arise from negative dominance/transdominance, even though the underlying mechanisms are different. Here I propose a general yet simple biochemical model accounting for the effects of dosage changes and weak dominant/transdominant negative mutations in macromolecular complexes. The molecular alterations studied are predicted to lead to synergistic effects that can drive total multimer concentration and/or activity in a multiple heterozygote below a critical threshold required to ensure a normal phenotype, thus providing an explanation for the phenomenon of unlinked noncomplementation or nonallelic noncomplementation. The model also helps in understanding the basis of heterosis and the long‐term consequences of gene dosage alterations and weak dominant/transdominant negative effects. Indeed, it can explain the observed extensive retention of paralogs in polyploids. Finally, because the effects of weak singlegene alterations can escape selection, they may accumulate in the population. This situation has important evolutionary consequences and may eventually lead to reproductive isolation and speciation. —Veitia, R. A. A generalized model of gene dosage and dominant negative effects in macromolecular complexes. FASEB J. 24, 994‐1002 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Use of anti-thyroid drugs in euthyroid pregnant women with previous Graves' disease.

PURPOSE Euthyroid pregnant women with a previous history of Graves' disease treated with radioiodine or surgery may have persistently elevated TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) levels, putting their offspring at risk for fetal hyperthyroidism (FH) and/or neonatal hyperthyroidism (NH). METHODS We performed a literature review using a MEDLINE search to determine if and how anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) were utilized in euthyroid pregnant women with previous Graves' disease to prevent FH/NH. RESULTS There are 11 published reports involving 13 pregnancies where ATDs were utilized to prevent FH in euthyroid mothers with a previous history of Graves' disease. Subjects were treated if high titres of TRAb (> 5-fold above normal) were noted on either radioreceptor assay or various bioassays. Such intervention appeared beneficial. Thirteen live births were observed when previously these mothers collectively experienced six miscarriages, stillborn or infant deaths attributed to FH or NH. Developmental consequences such as craniosynostosis or dysmorphic features were not observed in the infants described. Both propylthiouracil and methimazole were used effectively. When utilized, cordocentesis (or periumbilical blood sampling) to determine fetal thyroid status and TRAb levels proved to be of value in establishing the diagnosis and guiding therapy. CONCLUSION Maternal ATD prevent the serious consequences of FH/NH and should be considered for euthyroid Graves' mothers with high TRAb titres.
Indicators of Treatment Responsiveness to Rituximab and Plasmapheresis in Antibody-Mediated Rejection After Kidney Transplantation

Background Treatment of patients with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) after kidney transplantation by rituximab and plasmapheresis is ambiguous. Because of its unknown efficiency and serious side effects, biomarkers, which are predictive for responsiveness to this treatment in AMR patients, are required. Methods Twenty renal transplant patients were included in this retrospective study. Selection was based on Renal Index Biopsies, classified according to Banff within 3 months before treatment. Patients were categorized into responders (R) and nonresponders (NR) depending on whether they returned to dialysis within 6 months after initiation of rituximab treatment. Clinical, histopathologic (Banff classification) and serologic parameters were compared between both groups by t test, Mann-Whitney U test, or likelihood ratio chi-square test. Results In comparisons between the groups, the R group showed a 1.5-fold higher level of estimated glomerular filtration rate and a fourfold lower level of proteinuria. By contrast, there were no differences in the histologic scores for chronic transplant lesions between the groups. The t and i scores were higher in NRs, whereas Banff-C4d scores of peritubular capillaries were increased in the Rs. Transplant biopsies in the Rs exhibited more CD138+ cell infiltrates. Serologic determination of human leukocyte antigen antibodies showed higher positivity for human leukocyte antigen class II donor-specific antibodies in the R group. No significant differences in other clinical criteria were found. Conclusion Increased proteinuria, decreased graft function, and a higher grade of tubulitis and inflammation in AMR are negative predictors for responsiveness to rituximab therapy. Rituximab therapy therefore should be initiated in an early phase of AMR.
Forensic Analysis of Great Britain 1858–1879 1d Plate 77 Stamps on Cover

In 2003, the author obtained an 1865 cover franked with three Great Britain 1858–1879 1d plate 77 stamps (SG 43). If genuine, this is a very valuable and historically significant philatelic item. Discoveries of plate 77 stamps are always met with suspicion because they are so rare and have often been the subject of attempted fakery. This paper presents a detailed scientific study of this cover and the stamps. It begins by presenting a compilation of possible methods that might be used for faking the plate 77 stamps. It then develops an analysis plan that carefully examines each possibility. Appropriate analytical equipment is identified for each step in the process. Finally, the stamps in question are subjected to rigorous testing. The majority of the testing was performed by stateoftheart, independent laboratories in the United Kingdom and the United States. Many different analyses were employed. These included optical and scanning electron microscopy, Xray fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and more. The paper then presents the results of these analyses and the conclusions drawn from them. All of these data were reviewed by outside forensic experts in order to validate the scientific procedures. Two anomalies that arose during testing are discussed, and hypotheses are posed to account for them.
Estrogen Increases Bone Marrow‐Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cell Production and Diminishes Neointima Formation

Background Estrogens improve endothelial function and accelerate reendothelialization after vascular injury via largely unknown mechanisms. Bone marrow‐derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are thought to positively influence endothelialization, vascular repair, and angiogenesis. Methods and Results In mice subjected to sham operation, ovariectomy, or ovariectomy and estrogen replacement treatment, estrogen deficiency significantly decreased EPCs circulating in the peripheral blood and residing in the bone marrow, as well as EPCs that were in vitro expanded from spleen‐derived mononuclear cells. These effects were completely prevented by estrogen replacement. Human women with increased estrogen plasma concentrations also displayed profoundly increased levels of circulating EPCs. Estrogens increase EPC numbers through a decreased apoptosis rate, which is mediated via a caspase‐8‐dependent pathway. Estrogen deficiency increased neointima formation after carotid artery injury in mice, but this effect was diminished by estrogen replacement therapy. In mice transplanted with green fluorescent protein‐positive bone marrow, reendothelialization of injured vessel segments by bone marrow‐derived cells was decreased during estrogen deficiency and increased in response to estrogen treatment. Conclusions Estrogens increase numbers of EPCs by antiapoptotic effects leading to accelerated vascular repair and decreased neointima formation. (Circulation. 2003;107:3059‐3065.)
Evidence for complex contagion models of social contagion from observational data

Social influence can lead to behavioural ‘fads’ that are briefly popular and quickly die out. Various models have been proposed for these phenomena, but empirical evidence of their accuracy as real-world predictive tools has so far been absent. Here we find that a ‘complex contagion’ model accurately describes the spread of behaviours driven by online sharing. We found that standard, ‘simple’, contagion often fails to capture both the rapid spread and the long tails of popularity seen in real fads, where our complex contagion model succeeds. Complex contagion also has predictive power: it successfully predicted the peak time and duration of the ALS Icebucket Challenge. The fast spread and longer duration of fads driven by complex contagion has important implications for activities such as publicity campaigns and charity drives.
Management, regulation and environmental impacts of nitrogen fertilization in northwestern Europe under the Nitrates Directive; a benchmark study

Abstract. Implementation of the Nitrates Directive (NiD) and its environmental impacts were compared for member states in the northwest of the European Union (Ireland, United Kingdom, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Northern France and Germany). The main sources of data were national reports for the third reporting period for the NiD (2004–2007) and results of the MITERRA-EUROPE model. Implementation of the NiD in the considered member states is fairly comparable regarding restrictions for where and when to apply fertilizer and manure, but very different regarding application limits for N fertilization. Issues of concern and improvement of the implementation of the NiD are accounting for the fertilizer value of nitrogen in manure, and relating application limits for total nitrogen (N) to potential crop yield and N removal. The most significant environmental effect of the implementation of the NiD since 1995 is a major contribution to the decrease of the soil N balance (N surplus), particularly in Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. This decrease is accompanied by a modest decrease of nitrate concentrations since 2000 in fresh surface waters in most countries. This decrease is less prominent for groundwater in view of delayed response of nitrate in deep aquifers. In spite of improved fertilization practices, the southeast of the Netherlands, the Flemish Region and Brittany remain to be regions of major concern in view of a combination of a high nitrogen surplus, high leaching fractions to groundwater and tenacious exceedance of the water quality standards. On average the gross N balance in 2008 for the seven member states in EUROSTAT and in national reports was about 20 kg N ha−1 yr−1 lower than by MITERRA. The major cause is higher estimates of N removal in national reports which can amount to more than 50 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Differences between procedures in member states to assess nitrogen balances and water quality and a lack of cross-boundary policy evaluations are handicaps when benchmarking the effectiveness of the NiD. This provides a challenge for the European Commission and its member states, as the NiD remains an important piece of legislation for protecting drinking water quality in regions with many private or small public production facilities and controlling aquatic eutrophication from agricultural sources.
Layer multiplexing FPGA implementation for deep back-propagation learning

Training of large scale neural networks, like those used nowadays in Deep Learning schemes, requires long computational times or the use of high performance computation solutions like those based on cluster computation, GPU boards, etc. As a possible alternative, in this work the Back-Propagation learning algorithm is implemented in an FPGA board using a multiplexing layer scheme, in which a single layer of neurons is physically implemented in parallel but can be reused any number of times in order to simulate multi-layer architectures. An on-chip implementation of the algorithm is carried out using a training/validation scheme in order to avoid overfitting effects. The hardware implementation is tested on several configurations, permitting to simulate architectures comprising up to 127 hidden layers with a maximum number of neurons in each layer of 60 neurons. We confirmed the correct implementation of the algorithm and compared the computational times against C and Matlab code executed in a multicore supercomputer, observing a clear advantage of the proposed FPGA scheme. The layer multiplexing scheme used provides a simple and flexible approach in comparison to standard implementations of the Back-Propagation algorithm representing an important step towards the FPGA implementation of deep neural networks, one of the most novel and successful existing models for prediction problems.
Les marchés au comptant et à terme du café sur la place de Paris : une analyse économique et financière

Face a l'inefficacite de l'accord international du cafe en tant qu'instrument de stabilisation des cours, les pays producteurs ont une alternative : intervenir sur les marches a terme. Les institutions financieres ont pour fonction principale la gestion du risque de prix. Les marches a terme sont aussi des organes d'information et ont un effet stabilisateur sur les prix au comptant. Si les pays en voie de developpement producteurs de matieres premieres interviennent peu sur les marches a terme, c'est que ces institutions sont souvent assimilees a des lieux ou ne regne que la speculation. A travers l'exemple du marche parisien des cafes robusta, nous analysons les principales fonctions des marches a terme et l'interet que ces institutions peuvent representer pour les operateurs de la filiere.
Role of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 (mPGES1)-Derived PGE2 in Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus in the Mouse

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a key role in the ductus arteriosus, prenatally by maintaining patency and postnatally by promoting tissue remodeling for closure. Here, by using near-term mouse fetuses with (wild-type, WT) and without microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES1−/−), we have examined the importance of this enzyme for PGE2 formation and function. mPGES1−/− ductus, unlike WT ductus, contracted little, or not all, to indomethacin in vitro. Coincidentally, as evident from responses to NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and zinc photoporphyrin, the mutant showed no significant enhancement of nitric oxide (NO)- and carbon monoxide (CO)-based relaxation. mPGES1 suppression differs, therefore, from cyclooxygenase (COX) suppression, whether genetically or pharmacologically induced, where NO is markedly up-regulated. In vivo, the ductus was patent, albeit occasionally with a narrowed lumen, in all mPGES1−/− fetuses. Conversely, postnatal closure progressed regularly in mPGES1−/− animals thanks to residual PGE2 originating via mPGES2. We conclude that mPGES1 is critical for PGE2 formation in the ductus but its loss does not entail compensatory up-regulation of other relaxing mechanisms. Accordingly, an mPGES1 inhibitor stands out as a prospective better tool, compared with the currently used COX inhibitors, for the management of premature infants with persistent ductus.
A low spur charge pump in 0.35µm SiGe process for PLL

The operation, design and measurement of a charge pump in a 0. 35µm SiGe process are presented. Measurements show, within the operating frequency range of 3.1 GHz to 4.1 GHz, that the charge pump achieves a less than 0.6% mismatch between the source and sink current over the output voltage range of 0.6V to 2.8V at power voltage 3.3V, and the reference spur is below −85dBc. The charge pump is used in an integer-N PLL for WCDMA applications.
Research Progress on the Indirect Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol.

Methanol is a sustainable source of liquid fuels and one of the most useful organic chemicals. To date, most of the work in this area has focused on the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. However, this process requires high operating temperatures (200-250 °C), which limits the theoretical yield of methanol. Thus, it is desirable to find a new strategy for the efficient conversion of CO2 to methanol at relatively low reaction temperatures. This Minireview seeks to outline the recent advances on the indirect hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. Much emphasis is placed on discussing specific systems, including hydrogenation of CO2 derivatives (organic carbonates, carbamates, formates, cyclic carbonates, etc.) and cascade reactions, with the aim of critically highlighting both the achievements and remaining challenges associated with this field.