Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flickering Red-Light Stimulus for Promoting Coherent 40 Hz Neural Oscillation: A Feasibility Study.

BACKGROUND Coherent 40 Hz (gamma) neural oscillation indicates healthy brain activity and is known to be disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. 40 Hz entrainment by flickering light is known to significantly attenuate AD pathology in mice. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the feasibility of using a lighting intervention to promote coherent 40 Hz neural oscillation, improved working memory performance, and reduced subjective sleepiness among a population of healthy young adults. If successful, the intervention could be extended to address cognitive impairment associated with mild cognitive impairment and AD. METHODS Nine healthy participants (median age 22 years, 5 females) were exposed to one of two lighting conditions per session in a within-subjects counterbalanced manner. The study's two sessions were separated by 1 week. Custom-built light masks provided either a 40 Hz flickering red light (FRL) intervention or a dark control condition (i.e., total darkness, light mask not energized) at participants' eyes. Data were collected 4 times per session: pre-exposure, after 25-min exposure, after 50-min exposure, and post-exposure. Each data collection period included a Karolinska Sleepiness Scale report, an electroencephalogram, and working memory (n-back) auditory performance testing. RESULTS The FRL intervention induced a significant increase in 40 Hz power and a modest increase in low gamma power. The intervention had no significant impact on working memory performance and subjective sleepiness compared to the control. However, increases in 40 Hz power were significantly correlated with reduced subjective sleepiness. CONCLUSION The results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of using a flickering light to increase 40 Hz power.
A SURVEY OF THE PREVALENCE OF SALMONELLA AND OTHER ENTERIC PATHOGENS IN A COMMERCIAL POULTRY FEED MILL

A study of the prevalences of Salmonella, Listeria and thermophilic campylobacters in a dedicated commercial poultry feed mill was undertaken. Salmonella was frequently recovered in samples taken in the preheat and postheat treatment areas of the mill with the overall percentage of samples positive found to be 18.8% and 22.6%, respectively. Feed ingredients and dust collected in the preheat treatment locations within the mill were frequently contaminated with Salmonella (11.8% and 33.3% of samples, respectively). High prevalences of Salmonella were also detected in dust samples (24.2%) obtained from the postheat treatment area of the mill and from feed delivery vehicles (57.1%). Listeria was also recovered from samples at pre- and postheat treatment areas within the mill with overall isolation rates of 14.1% and 18.5% observed, respectively. The most frequently observed species of Listeria recovered from samples in both areas within the mill was L. innocua, L. monocytogenes, L. grayi and L. welshimeri. No thermophilic campylobacters were recovered from any of the samples analyzed in the current study.
A Randombred Control Population of Turkeys

Abstract THE use of unselected control populations in the field of poultry genetics is of relatively recent advent for the study of quantitative traits. Populations of this type are needed to serve as genetic and environmental controls in order: (1) to provide benchmarks from which to measure genetic changes in populations under artificial selection and (2) to distinguish between genetic and environmental changes. Also, reliable estimates of genetic parameters, such as heritabilities and genetic and environmental correlations, are obtainable only from randombred populations; because the method of variance and covariance analysis used to estimate these parameters assumes unselected random matings. The use of control populations of chickens has been reported in the literature. Skaller (1956) used a small-sized control flock and the method of maintenance allowed inbreeding to increase 17 percent in 5 generations. This resulted in an estimated loss of 5 eggs per bird. Gowe and Johnson (1956) used a…
Résistance du mélèze hybride inoculé par Lachnellula willkommii

283 clones de meleze hybride (Larix × eurolepis et L. × leptoeuropaea) issus de 14 familles de plein-freres ont ete inocules avec un isolat agressif de L. willkommii au printemps 1990. Chaque clone etait represente par trois ramets greffes âges de 3-4 ans et a recu 15 inoculations. L'inoculum etait constitue de pailles de sorgho colonisees, introduites dans un trou de 1 mm de diametre inflige a des rameaux de 2 ans. Une premiere phase d'installation du parasite dans les tissus a conduit a un taux d'infection de 27,9 % au bout de 18 mois. La grande majorite des clones (80-90 %) etaient receptifs et une forte variabilite clonale etait observee pour tous les symptomes. Aucune influence, ni du sens du croisement (L. × eurolepis vs L. × leptoeuropaea), ni de l'origine des parents de meleze d'Europe (Alpin vs Sudetes) n'a pu etre mise en evidence. Au bout de 39 mois, presque toutes les lesions etaient cicatrisees, le taux d'infection residuel etant de 2,2 %. La tres faible sensibilite du meleze hybride au L. willkommii est ainsi confirmee par voie experimentale. La vigueur de l'hote contribue probablement a cette resistance. La transmission de cette resistance par le parent japonais est suggeree mais elle meriterait d'etre verifiee.
Hydration Choices, Sugary Beverages, and Kidney Injury in Agricultural Workers in California.

PURPOSE Agricultural workers working in high ambient temperatures are at risk for acute kidney injury. Despite recommendations to maintain hydration, workers likely do not drink enough to protect their renal function. Additionally, new research suggests that rehydration with sugary beverages adds additional risk to kidneys already stressed by high heat and workload. We assessed hydration choices during a work shift and tested associations of rehydration using sugary beverages with acute kidney injury. METHODS We recruited a convenience sample of workers on farms over two summers. We estimated acute kidney injury via pre- and post-shift serum creatinine readings from capillary blood samples. We used self-reported measures of the volume and type of fluids workers consumed during their shifts. We also measured changes in core body temperature, ambient temperature, and workload. We used logistic regression to estimate associations of sugary drinks with acute kidney injury, while controlling for physiologic and occupational variables. FINDINGS In our sample of 445 participants, we found that men drink more than women do overall, including more than a liter of water than women (2.9 L compared to 1.9 L, respectively). The total volume workers drank was associated with increased odds of acute kidney injury (adjusted odds ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.99). We found no association of sugary drinks with acute kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide important information about what men and women use to hydrate during the work day and suggest that they do not drink enough to maintain adequate hydration. Increased fluid intake during the work day may be a result of vigorous workload, which could explain the increased risk for acute kidney injury. Nurses play an important role in educating agricultural workers about the importance of maintaining hydration at work. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study advances current knowledge of occupational risk factors for acute kidney injury in agricultural workers. Nurses may be the only point of care for this vulnerable population and are therefore in a unique position to educate on the importance of proper hydration during work.
Orangutan Use of Vertical Space in an Innovative Habitat

This study measured use of vertical space in an innovative habitat for three adolescent orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). The indoor habitat was innovative in two main ways: a flooded floor and retractable skylights. It included four large molded trees and interwoven vines throughout 1,620 m3 of space. The exhibit was divided into four vertical levels: skylights, upper canopy, lower canopy, and flooded floor. Five trained observers made instantaneous scans of the exhibit every 5 minutes, in 1-hour blocks of time over a 10-month period, logging 180 hours of observations. One location (of 55) and one behavior (of 53) were noted at each interval. Behaviors were collapsed to form five categories: solitary inactivity, solitary activity, social inactivity, social activity, and eating/drinking. Results showed the orangutans favored the upper canopy, which contained many tree limbs for sitting and reclining. The orangutans next favored the lower canopy and the skylights, especially those skylights that were out of public view. The habitat’s flooded floor was avoided (they used it just 1% of the time), as planned by the exhibit designers who intended to showcase these arboreal primates in trees, not on the ground. When compared with wild orangutans, we considered few of their behaviors to be atypical: foraging/eating plastic (vines) and stereotyped behaviors. Overall, the unique design of the habitat provided opportunities for a range of species-typical behaviors, varying by vertical level, demonstrating the importance of providing sufficient vertical space for orangutans. Zoo Biol 19:239–251, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Energy Sources for the Absorption of Rubidium by Chlorella

Zusammcnfassung Die aktive (stoffwechselabangige) Aufnahme von Radiorubidium aus 8.10−5 molarer Losung durch Chlorella pyrenoidosa wurde in Langzeitversuchen (1–2 Tage) untersucht. Die Annahinc ist, daβ die dafur notwendige Energie in Form von ATP bereitgestellt werden muβ. Es wurde gefunden, daβ Gegenwart von Na- Oder Cl-Ionen fur die aktive Rb-Aufnahme nicht notwendig ist; die Rb-Pumpe ist also nicht an eine Na- Oder Cl-Pumpe gekoppelt. Vorbeladene Chlorella gibt Rb uber langere Zeiten langsam an das Medium ab. Durch Experimente im Licht bzw. Dunkel und in Gegenwart bzw. Abwesenheit von Luft wurde gezeigt, daβ bei 9000 lux die Beleuchtung mehr Energie fur die aktive Aufnahme erbringt als die Atmung. Der Ersatz von Luft durch Sauerstoff hat keine Auswirkung. Die Versorgung mit ATP durch Atmung—nicht aber durch (zyklische) Photophosphorylierung—wird durch 5.10−4 M DNP weitgehend unterdruckt. Die aktive Aufnahme ist klein, wenn sie sich nur auf Glykolyse stutzt. Gleichzeitige Einwirkung von Licht, Luft (Sauerstoff) und DNP auf Chlorella fuhrt zu irreversibler Schadigung und Ausbleichung der Algen. Sie horen auf, Rb aufzunehmen und verlieren vorher absorbiertes Rb wieder. Grunde fur diesen Effekt werden diskutiert. Die aktive Aufnahme von Rb wird durch 5.10−2 M Glukose gefordert, u.z. w. im Licht und im Dunkel, in Luft- und in Stickstoffatmosphare. In dieser Beziehung unterscheidet sich die aktive Rb- von der aktiven Bromid-Aufnahme. Die Forderung durth Glukose wird durch DNP gehemmt, ausgenommen im Dunkel in Stickstoffatmosphare. In Gegenwart von DNP wird die Rb-Aufnahme durch 1% CO2 sowohl im Licht als auch im Dunkel stark herabgedruckt.
Directing traffic: Chaperone‐mediated protein transport in malaria parasites

The ability of eukaryotic parasites from the phylum Apicomplexa to cause devastating diseases is predicated upon their ability to maintain faithful and precise protein trafficking mechanisms. Their parasitic life cycle depends on the trafficking of effector proteins to the infected host cell, transport of proteins to several critical organelles required for survival, as well as transport of parasite and host proteins to the digestive organelles to generate the building blocks for parasite growth. Several recent studies have shed light on the molecular mechanisms parasites utilise to transform the infected host cells, transport proteins to essential metabolic organelles and for biogenesis of organelles required for continuation of their life cycle. Here, we review key pathways of protein transport originating and branching from the endoplasmic reticulum, focusing on the essential roles of chaperones in these processes. Further, we highlight key gaps in our knowledge that prevents us from building a holistic view of protein trafficking in these deadly human pathogens.
Two papaya MYB proteins function in fruit ripening through regulating some genes involved in cell wall degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis.

BACKGROUND MYB transcription factors (TFs) widely exist in plant and play important functions in plant growth and development, including fruit development and ripening. However, the roles of MYB proteins in papaya ripening (fruit ripening and carotenoid biosynthesis) remain unclear. RESULTS two MYB genes were cloned from papaya pulp, named as CpMYB1 (MYB44-like) and CpMYB2 which belong to S22 subgroup of R2R3-MYB family, as well as their expression levels presented decreased during fruit ripening. Subcellular localization analysis showed that both CpMYB1 and CpMYB2 were nuclear proteins, indicating that they might function in the nucleus. Moreover, CpMYB1 and CpMYB2 could bind to the promoters of cell wall degradation genes (CpPME1, CpPME2 and CpPG5) and carotenoid biosynthesis genes (CpPDS2, CpPDS4 and CpCHY-b). Further research found that both CpMYB1 and CpMYB2 were transcriptional repressors, and they could suppress the activities of the promoters of CpPME1, CpPME2, CpPG5, CpPDS2, CpPDS4 and CpCHY-b. CONCLUSION These results indicated that MYB TFs CpMYB1 and CpMYB2 might function in papaya fruit softening and carotenoids accumulation via regulating cell wall degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis related genes, which provide a new view about the role of MYB TFs in fruit ripening. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Genome Analysis of Eurasian Elymus thoroldianus, E. melantherus, and E. kokonoricus (Triticeae: Poaceae)

Elymus thoroldianus (Oliver) G. Singh, E. melantherus (Keng) A. Löve, and E. kokonoricus (Keng) A. Löve are short-lived perennial grasses of the tribe Triticeae distributed throughout the upper and middle mountain ranges of central Asia. Analyzer species used to produce interspecific hybrids with the three target taxa were Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Löve (SS), E. lanceolatus (Scribn. & Smith) Gould (SSHH), Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski (NN), E. batalinii (Krasn) A. Löve (SSYYPP), E. alatavicus (Drob.) Tzvelev (SSYYPP), E. grandiglumis (Keng) A. Löve (SSYYPP), and E. kengii (Tzvelev) A. Löve (SSYYPP). Elymus thoroldianus, E. melantherus, and E. kokonoricus are self-fertile allohexaploids (2n = 42). Analysis of metaphase I pairing configurations in the F1 indicate that E. thoroldianus, E. melantherus, and E. kokonoricus possess the S, Y, and P genomes, with only minor structural rearrangements. Chromosome pairing in interspecific hybrids with the target species and hexaploid accessions of E. batalinii, E. alatavicus, E. kengii, and E. grandiglumis supports the inclusion of E. thoroldianus, E. melantherus, and E. kokonoricus in the genus Elymus section Hyalolepis.
Transferencia del ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) de la leche cruda a leche en polvo y condensada

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la transferencia del acido linoleico conjugado (CLA) y de sus isomeros (cis-9, trans-1; trans-10, cis-12; cis-10 cis-12) de leche cruda a productos lacteos como la leche en polvo y la leche condensada. Se recogieron y analizaron muestras de leche cruda de dos regiones del sur de Chile (Los Angeles y Los Lagos), recepcionada por una planta de lacteos. El procesamiento de la leche fresca a productos lacteos afecto al CLA y a sus isomeros, encontrandose una interaccion significativa entre el tipo de producto y el mes de muestreo, con valores promedios de CLA total de 1,35 g/100 g AG en la leche fresca y de 1,45 y 0,93 g/100 g AG traspasados a la leche en polvo y condensada respectivamente. En cuanto a los isomeros, el cis-9, trans-11 presento niveles mas altos en leche la en polvo que el leche fresca en 7 meses de los 10 estudiados con valores que fueron de 0,50 a 0,84 g/100 g AG. El CLA trans-10, cis-1+ CLA cis-10, cis-12 se encontro en un rango de 0, 24 a 0,64 a g/100 g AG siempre bajo de la leche fresca en el caso de la leche. Se concluye que es necesario una mayor investigacion para dilucidar el efecto exacto del procesamiento y almacenamiento de la leche y los productos lacteos sobre el contenido de CLA
Retip: retention time prediction for compound annotation in untargeted metabolomics.

Unidentified peaks remain a major problem in untargeted metabolomics by LC-MS/MS. Confidence in peak annotations increases by combining MS/MS matching and retention time. We here show how retention times can be predicted from molecular structures. Two large, publicly available datasets were used for model training in machine learning: the Fiehn hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography dataset (HILIC) of 981 primary metabolites and biogenic amines, and the RIKEN Plant Specialized Metabolome Annotation (PlaSMA) database of 852 secondary metabolites that uses reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). Five different machine learning algorithms have been integrated into the Retip R package: the random forest, Bayesian-regularized neural network, XGBoost, light gradient-boosting machine (LightGBM) and Keras algorithms for building the retention time prediction models. A complete workflow for retention time prediction was developed in R. It can be freely downloaded from the GitHub repository (https://www.retip.app). Keras outperformed other machine learning algorithms in the test set with minimum overfitting, verified by small error differences between training, test and validation sets. Keras yielded a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.78 minutes for HILIC and 0.57 minutes for RPLC. Retip is integrated into the mass spectrometry software tools MS-DIAL and MS-FINDER, allowing a complete compound annotation workflow. In a test application on mouse blood plasma samples, we found a 68% reduction in the number of candidate structures when searching all isomers in MS-FINDER compound identification software. Retention time prediction increases the identification rate in liquid chromatography and subsequently leads to an improved biological interpretation of metabolomics data.
Effects of agroecosystem diversification on natural enemies of soybean herbivores

This study evaluated the effects of agroecosystem diversification through no‐tillage and strip intercropping on the abundance of natural enemies of soybean (Glycine max Merrill) herbivores. Twenty‐four plots (289 m2 each) were arranged in a randomized complete block design for a 3 by 2 factorial experiment. Factors were cropping systems (corn monoculture, soybean monoculture, and strip intercropping of corn and soybean) and tillage systems (no‐tillage and conventional tillage). Natural enemies were sampled during 1988, 1989 and 1990 by sweep net, suction net (D‐Vac), pitfall traps and quadrat samples. Analyses of variance indicated that of 15 taxa analyzed, most foliage‐inhabiting natural enemies were significantly more abundant in intercropping than in monoculture plots, whereas soil‐inhabiting natural enemies had higher numbers in no‐tillage plots than conventional tillage plots. Therefore, the results support the theory of greater abundance of natural enemies in more complex agroecosystems. Better environmental conditions in diversified treatments was the possible reason for these results. Corn in intercropping plots provided shade, reduced wind speed, alternate food, and possibly higher humidity and lower temperatures for soybean natural enemies. A similar effect was likely caused by the stubble and weeds in no‐tillage plots.
Contribution of Personality Traits, Psychological Factors, and Health-Related Quality of Life to Medication Adherence in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Purpose This study sought to investigate the associations between personality traits and medication adherence and to identify predictors of good medication adherence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Materials and Methods A total of 207 RA patients using disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were invited for an interview and questionnaire study. Medication adherence was measured using the Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology (CQR). Personality traits were analyzed with the five-factor model of the Korean version of the Big Five Inventory 10. Psychological factors were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and British Columbia Cognitive Inventory. Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and functional disability were evaluated with the EuroQoL-5 dimension questionnaire and Health Assessment Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate predictors of good medication adherence. Results Nonadherence to medication was reported by 66.7%. The number of daily prescribed pills was higher in the medication adherence group than in the nonadherence group. Concomitant oral glucocorticoid doses were associated with medication adherence. A high level of conscientiousness and diabetes mellitus comorbidity were associated with better medication adherence [odds ratio (OR), 2.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–4.38 and OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.12–8.07, respectively]. There were no significant differences in psychological factors or HRQoL between medication adherence and nonadherence groups. Conclusion The personality trait of conscientiousness was associated with medication adherence among the five personality traits evaluated. Patients with diabetes mellitus also showed higher medication adherence than those without this comorbidity.
Discovery of the first Vitamin K analog as a potential treatment of pharmacoresistant seizures.

Despite the availability of more than 25 anti-seizure drugs on the market, approximately 30% of patients with epilepsy still suffer from seizures. Thus, the epilepsy therapy market has a great need for a breakthrough drug that will aid pharmacoresistant patients. In our previous study, we discovered a vitamin K analog, 2h, which displayed modest anti-seizure activity in zebrafish and mouse seizure models. However, there were limitations for this compound due to its pharmacokinetic profile. In this study, we developed a new series of vitamin K analogs by modifying the structure of 2h. Among these, compound 3d shows full protection in a rodent pharmacoresistant seizure model with limited rotarod motor toxicity and favorable PK properties. Furthermore, the brain/plasma concentration ratio of 3d indicates its excellent permeability to the brain. The resulting data shows 3d can be further developed as a potential anti-seizure drug in the clinic.