Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hipermobilidade articular nos joelhos da criança Child knees' joint hypermobility

Introducao: O joelho e o maior complexo articular do corpo humano, uma articulacao intermediaria do membro inferior, que por meio dos movimentos de flexao ‐ extensao, controla a distância do corpo em relacao ao solo. A condicao necessaria para uma grande mobilidade expoe o joelho a suscetiveis lesoes traumaticas. E no movimento de extensao que o joelho torna-se mais vulneravel as fraturas nesta articulacao e as lesoes gerais. Os valores angulares de 5o a 10o denominam-se hiperextensao e os ângulos maiores que 10o caracterizam a condicao de hipermobilidade articular. Objetivos: Buscou-se identificar precocemente a caracteristica de genu recurvatum para prevencao de futuras lesoes e alteracoes posturais. Metodologia: Este estudo foi desenvolvido com 1120 criancas de 4 a 7 anos de idade, utilizando-se o goniometro para quantificacao angular do movimento de extensao do joelho. Resultados: Identificou-se a caracteristica de hiperextensao em 12,5% da amostra, que foi encaminhada para tratamento fisioterapeutico preventivo. Conclusao: A investigacao identificou precocemente uma caracteristica que permite indicar o tratamento fisioterapeutico para realinhamento dos joelhos pela reeducacao postural, alem de protege-los de futuras lesoes e/ou fraturas. Hipermobilidade articular; Joelho; Mobilidade articular; Crianca
Induction of APOBEC3G Ubiquitination and Degradation by an HIV-1 Vif-Cul5-SCF Complex

Human immunodeficiency virus–1 (HIV-1) Vif is essential for viral evasion of host antiviral factor CEM15/APOBEC3G. We report that Vif interacts with cellular proteins Cul5, elongins B and C, and Rbx1 to form an Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF)–like complex. The ability of Vif to suppress antiviral activity of APOBEC3G was specifically dependent on Cul5-SCF function, allowing Vif to interact with APOBEC3G and induce its ubiquitination and degradation. A Vif mutant that interacted with APOBEC3G but not with Cul5-SCF was functionally inactive. The Cul5-SCF was also required for Vif function in distantly related simian immunodeficiency virus mac. These results indicate that the conserved Cul5-SCF pathway used by Vif is a potential target for antiviral development.
Defoliation levels of oriental spruce by Ips typographus (L.) in relation to elevation and exposure.

A study concerning the effects of elevation and exposure of the spruce forests on defoliation levels of oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link. ) by Ips typographus L. was carried out during 2005 and 2006 in Artvin-Hatila National Park, Turkey Nine spruce stands were selected at 3 zones of elevations (1000-1350 m, 1350-1700 m and 1700-2000 m) and at different aspects to assess the role of elevation and exposure in the crown defoliation level and body length of beetles. Influence of bark thickness and trunk diameter at 1.3 m on the damage caused by the pest was investigated as well. The results of the study were as follows: (1) The mean defoliation level was highest at 1700-2000 m following by 1350-1700 m and 1000-1350 m. (2) The highest defoliation levels occurred on southern slopes following by eastern and northern slopes at 1700-2000 m. (3) No statistical differences were found in the mean bark thickness between tree defoliation levels 1, 2, 3 and 4. (4) Mean trunk diameters of dead trees (level 4) were significantly greater than those with defoliation levels 0, 1 and 2. (5) Mean body length of I. typographus at upper zones was significantly higher than those at middle and lower zones.
Ancient and Recent Adaptive Evolution in the Antiviral TRIM22 Gene: Identification of a Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism That Impacts TRIM22 Function

Tripartite motif protein 22 (TRIM22) is a novel interferon‐induced protein that potently inhibits the replication of evolutionarily diverse viruses, including HIV‐1. Altered TRIM22 expression is also associated with diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, cancer, and autoimmunity. The factors that influence TRIM22 expression and antiviral activity are largely unknown. In this study, we adopted an evolution‐guided functional approach to identify potential genetic determinants of TRIM22 function. Evolutionary analysis of TRIM22 from mammals spanning >100 million years demonstrated that TRIM22 evolution has been shaped by ancient and variable positive selection. We showed that positive selection is operating on multiple TRIM22 residues that cluster in putative functional regions and that some are predicted to be functionally damaging. Interestingly, the second most prevalent TRIM22 SNP in humans (rs1063303) is located at one of these positively selected sites. We showed that the frequency of rs1063303:G>C varies up to 10‐fold between ethnicities and that in some ethnicities SNP rs1063303:G>C is being actively maintained in the population. The SNP rs1063303:G>C variant also had an inverse functional impact where it increased TRIM22 expression and decreased the antiviral activity of TRIM22. Taken together, our data characterize the extensive genetic variation in TRIM22 and identify rs1063303:G>C as a highly prevalent SNP that influences its function.
Linear vs. piecewise Weibull model for genetic evaluation of sires for longevity in Simmental cattle

This study was focused on genetic evaluation of longevity in Croatian Simmental cattle using linear and survival models. The main objective was to create a genetic model that is most appropriate to describe the longevity data. Survival analysis, using piecewise Weibull proportional hazards model, used all information on the length of productive life including censored as well as uncensored observations. Linear models considered culled animals only. The relative milk production within herd had a highest impact on cows’ longevity. In comparison of estimated genetic parameters among methods, survival analysis yielded higher heritability value (0.075) than linear sire (0.037) and linear animal model (0.056). When linear models were used, genetic trend of Simmental bulls for longevity was slightly increasing over the years, unlike a decreasing trend in case of survival analysis methodology. Average reliability of bulls’ breeding values was higher in case of survival analysis. The rank correlations between survival analysis and linear models bulls’ breeding values for longevity were ranged between 0.44 and 0.46 implying huge differences in ranking of sires.
Amacrine cell-mediated input to bipolar cells: Variations on a common mechanistic theme

Abstract Feedback is a ubiquitous feature of neural circuits in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Analogous to pure electronic circuits, neuronal feedback provides either a positive or negative influence on the output of upstream components/neurons. Although the particulars (i.e., connectivity, physiological encoding/processing/signaling) of circuits in higher areas of the brain are often unclear, the inner retina proves an excellent model for studying both the anatomy and physiology of feedback circuits within the functional context of visual processing. Inner retinal feedback to bipolar cells is almost entirely mediated by a single class of interneurons, the amacrine cells. Although this might sound like a simple circuit arrangement with an equally simple function, anatomical, molecular, and functional evidence suggest that amacrine cells represent an extremely diverse class of CNS interneurons that contribute to a variety of retinal processes. In this review, I classify the amacrine cells according to their anatomical output synapses and target cell(s) (i.e., bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and/or amacrine cells) and discuss specifically our current understandings of amacrine cell-mediated feedback and output to bipolar cells on the synaptic, cellular, and circuit levels, while drawing connections to visual processing.
CELL POPULATION KINETICS IN DOG AND HUMAN ADULT THYROID

Cell population kinetics was studied by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) histochemical and 3H thymidine radioautographic labelling in dog thyroids. In‐vivo labelling with BrdU and in‐vitro labelling of incubated slices with 3H thymidine gave similar results. This validates the use of in‐vitro labelling of slices for the study of cell kinetics in the thyroid. In‐vitro labelling of human thyroid slices demonstrated a labelling index of 13.4 ± 10−5 for follicular cells; assuming an S phase of 10 h, this corresponds to a turnover time of the order of 8.5 years for the follicular cells. Stromal cells appear to turn over faster. These results show for the first time that human thyroid cells divide about five times during adulthood and therefore that the steady state level of thyroid cell mass results from a balance between cell division and cell loss. A shorter turnover time was found as expected in the thyroid of an adolescent and in follicular colloid nodules.
A Stem Cell Primer

Why are scientists so interested in stem cells? Stem cells offer the hope of helping to advance science in many areas, including understanding more about the process of human development, creating new ways to treat disease and repair damaged tissues, and enabling us to test new drugs on cells of human origin without testing them on humans or animals. Studying stem cells will help us to understand how a fertilized egg divides to produce the wide variety of specialized cells that make up the human body. Some of our most devastating medical conditions, such as cancer and birth defects, are due to problems with control of cell division. If scientists can better understand normal cell development, we may one day be able to correct the errors that cause these medical conditions. Stem cells may also help scientists develop new ways to treat devastating illnesses and injuries. Although doctors today can use donated organs and tissues to replace those that are diseased or damaged, the demand from people needing a transplant far exceeds the supply of organs available for transplantation. If scientists can direct stem cells to become specialized tissues, they will have access to a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues to treat diseases and disabilities. Laboratories around the world are currently attempting to develop ways to use stem cells to treat Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, burns, heart disease, diabetes, and arthritis. Although most of these therapies are currently being studied in animal models, they offer hope for the future. Scientists can use stem cells to test new drugs. They might, for example, test the safety of a new kidney drug on kidney tissue developed from human stem cell lines. Scientists are already using other kinds of cell lines for this purpose. Cancer cell lines, for example, are commonly used to screen potential anti-tumor drugs. Stem cells would increase scientists’ abilities by allowing them to test drugs on a wider range of human cell types. Using human stem cells may also reduce the number of drugs that are tested on animals. Before stem cells can be used to treat human disease or to test new drugs, scientists must learn how to reliably coax them into becoming the needed cell type–a process called differentiation. Once scientists have mastered the process of stem cell differentiation, many doors will open for medical research. As with any area of scientific investigation, the success of medical therapies developed from stem cells must be built upon a foundation of basic research discoveries. In this case, scientists must first understand the basic biology of stem cells and what gives them their special abilities.
Visual fitness to drive after stroke or head injury

The visual requirements for driving in Britain are outlined and how they might be compromised following stroke or head injury examined. The role of the optometrist in assessing such patients who wish to resume driving is discussed. Topics discussed include legal considerations, the relationship between visual problems and driving ability and the vision‐testing techniques that are most appropriate for use with the brain injured. An illustrative case history is presented.
A Membrane-Anchored Protein Kinase Involved in Brassica Self-Incompatibility Signaling

Self-incompatibility (SI) response in Brassica is initiated by haplotype-specific interactions between the pollen-borne ligand S locus protein 11/SCR and its stigmatic S receptor kinase, SRK. This binding induces autophosphorylation of SRK, which is then thought to trigger a signaling cascade that leads to self-pollen rejection. A recessive mutation of the modifier (m) gene eliminates the SI response in stigma. Positional cloning of M has revealed that it encodes a membrane-anchored cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase, designated M locus protein kinase (MLPK). Transient expression of MLPK restores the ability of mm papilla cells to reject self-pollen, suggesting that MLPK is a positive mediator of Brassica SI signaling.
Contrast nephrotoxicity.

Iodinated contrast media have some nephrotoxic potential but rarely cause significant renal failure in patients with normally functioning kidneys. Patients with existing renal impairment, with or without diabetes, those with current congestive heart failure of Class III or IV, those with reduced effective arterial volume (e.g., nephrotic, cirrhotic), or those receiving drugs that may impair renal function or increase contrast nephrotoxicity are at higher risk. Contrast nephrotoxicity may be clinically important in patients with other factors simultaneously affecting the renal response to contrast or in whom acute renal failure would seriously affect prognosis. The pathogenesis of contrast nephrotoxicity probably involves a combination of direct tubular toxicity and renal ischemic injury. Knowledge of the pathogenetic pathways is accumulating and is leading to the discovery of rational specific prophylactic measures to reduce the burden of nephrotoxicity. After the efficacy of these measures has been established, they should be considered for use in patients at high risk. Existing data indicate a limited role for the newer low-osmolality media for the prevention of nephrotoxicity.
CASE REPORT MULTIPLE HEPATIC MYELOLIPOMAS IN A CAT

Extramedullary tumour-like masses composed of mature adipose tissue and bone marrow elements are termed "myelolipomas" (1). The first report of hepatic myelolipomas of the domestic cat was published recently (4); however, hepatic and splenic myelolipomas were described earlier in captive wild felidae (5). There have been several reports of myelolipoma in man involving the adrenal cortex (6), the paravertebral intrathoracic tissue, presacral or retroperitoneal tissue, and the mesentery (2, 3). This paper describes multiple myelolipomas in the liver of a 13-yearold, castrated male, domestic long-haired cat.
Effects of physiological hyperinsulinemia on systemic, renal, and hepatic substrate metabolism.

To determine the effect of physiological hyperinsulinemia on renal and hepatic substrate metabolism, we assessed systemic and renal glucose release and uptake, systemic and renal gluconeogenesis from glutamine, and certain aspects of systemic and renal glutamine and free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism. These were assessed under basal postabsorptive conditions and during 4-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp experiments in nine normal volunteers using a combination of isotopic techniques and renal balance measurements. Hepatic glucose release (HGR) and glutamine gluconeogenesis were calculated as the difference between systemic and renal measurements. Infusion of insulin suppressed systemic glucose release and glutamine gluconeogenesis by approximately 50% during the last hour of the insulin infusion (P < 0.001). Renal glucose release and glutamine gluconeogenesis decreased from 2.3 +/- 0.4 to 0.9 +/- 0.2 (P < 0.002) and from 0.52 +/- 0.07 to 0.14 +/- 0.03 micromol. kg-1. min-1 (P < 0.001), respectively. HGR and glutamine gluconeogenesis decreased from 8.7 +/- 0.4 to 4.5 +/- 0.5 (P < 0.001) and from 0.35 +/- 0.02 to 0.27 +/- 0.03 micromol. kg-1. min-1 (P < 0.002), respectively. Renal glucose uptake (RGU) increased from 1.61 +/- 0.19 to 2.18 +/- 0.25 micromol. kg-1. min-1 (P = 0.029) but accounted for only approximately 5% of systemic glucose disposal (40.6 +/- 4.3 micromol. kg-1. min-1). Both systemic and renal FFA clearance increased approximately fourfold (P < 0.001 for both). Nevertheless, renal FFA uptake decreased (P = 0.024) and was inversely correlated with RGU (r = -0.582, P = 0.011). Finally, insulin increased systemic glutamine release (P = 0.007), uptake (P < 0.005), and clearance (P < 0.001) but left renal glutamine uptake and release unaffected (P > 0.4 for both).
Understanding discharge activity due to water droplet on epoxy nanocomposites adopting non-destructive techniques

In the present study an attempt has been made to understand the characteristics of corona/arcing discharges from water droplet under high electric field, in epoxy nanocomposites, adopting Ultra high frequency (UHF) measurement technique and by Acoustic Emission (AE) technique. The exfoliated/intercalated properties of the nanocomposites were analyzed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. The hydrophobicity of the material characterized through contact angle measurement.
Prevalence of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Northern India

conservative treatment, and can be radically accelerated with the restoration of a near normal blood flow only by direct arterial surgery. The direct operative approach may be worth considering in aorto-iliac lesions where the long-term results are good, but in general the longterm outcome of arterial surgery below the inguinal ligament is not yet satisfactory enough to warrant this form of treatment when claudication is the only symptom. Sympathectomy exerts its maximal influence on the blood supply to the skin, and if the arterial inflow into the area is not overwhelmingly reduced, then sympathetic denervation should be followed by a worth-while increase in cutaneous blood flow. This concept is supported by the results in this clinical study, and our patients with early nutritional disturbance benefited from sympathectomy. We regard mild rest pain and associated sensory disturbances, with or without areas of localized gangrene, as indications for the operation. Sympathectomy is, however, ineffective in the more advanced stages of developing major gangrene, and it is in this latter group of patients, in whom loss of the limb is threatened, that we believe direct arterial surgery has an important place.
CONCENTRAÇÃO ESPACIAL NA INDÚSTRIA DO CAFÉ EM MINAS GERAIS

A Politica Industrial do Brasil (2011/2014) colocou como meta o mapeamento de regioes para projetos de Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) no setor de torrefacao do cafe, visto que este tipo de organizacao tem se apresentado como estrategia para superar entraves produtivos e estimular o desenvolvimento regional. Conduziu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de analisar a concentracao da industria do cafe nos municipios de Minas Gerais para delimitar as localidades com potencial para estruturacao de APLs. Essa concentracao foi analisada por meio das relacoes espaciais entre municipios. Assim, foi calculada a autocorrelacao espacial entre municipios pelo Indice de Moran Global e Local. Os resultados permitiram apontar para duas localidades com maior potencial para formacao de APLs na industria do cafe, pois atenderam aos criterios em relacao ao indice, participacao nos empregos e numero de estabelecimentos durante todo o periodo de analise. As localidades foram Capelinha e Ervalia, sendo que os municipios vizinhos que apresentam atividade de torrefacao do cafe tambem devem participar do modelo de organizacao industrial em questao.
Subcarrier pairing for amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward OFDM relay links

We consider a two-hop relay link in which orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used on both hops. Under a joint sum-power constraint, our aim is to allocate power over subcarriers on the two hops such that the instantaneous rate of the relay link is maximized. Ordered subcarrier pairing (OSP) has been proposed in the literature to further improve the relay link rate; however, the optimality of OSP has been proven only for equal power allocation and the proof of its optimality under optimal power allocation has not been available yet. In this letter, we will provide our proof which verifies that OSP is optimal for both amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relay links when optimal power allocation is applied.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase: Association with Temporomandibular Disorders and Postoperative Pain.

AIMS To evaluate the association between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphisms and temporomandibular disorders (TMD), TMD pain, psychosocial impairment related to TMD, and postoperative pain. METHODS A total of 90 patients with a diagnosis of painful TMD and 92 matched controls were investigated for the presence of TMD, TMD pain, and psychosocial variables by the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. In a prospective cohort study of 40 subjects who underwent extraction of at least one fully impacted mandibular third molar, subjects had 6 months post-surgery follow-up of postoperative pain. DNA extracted from peripheral blood was genotyped for three COMT polymorphisms (rs4680, rs6269, and rs165774) by real-time TaqMan method. The association between COMT polymorphisms and clinical variables was determined by calculating odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Homozygous AA genotype and heterozygous variant A allele carriers (genotype AG/AA) for rs165774 polymorphism were associated with increased risk of TMD compared to wild type (wt) GG genotype (OR = 9.448, P = .006; OR = 2.088, P = .017, respectively). In addition, AA genotype was associated with increased risk of arthralgia (OR = 4.448, P = .011), myofascial pain (OR = 3.543, P = .035), and chronic TMD pain (OR = 6.173, P = .006), compared to wt genotype. AA genotype for rs6269 polymorphism was related to less postoperative chronic TMD pain (P = .025) and lower postoperative acute pain at the extraction site (P = .030). No associations with depression and somatization were observed. CONCLUSION AA genotype of rs165774 could be a significant risk factor for the development of TMD and TMD pain, while AA genotype of rs6269 presents less postoperative chronic TMD pain and acute pain at a dental extraction site.