Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Painless unilateral calf mass in a 14-year-old girl.

A 14-year-old girl presented with mild right ankle pain following a right ankle sprain 2 weeks previously. The patient’s parents noticed her right calf appeared enlarged compared with the contralateral side. The patient said the calf enlargement and asymmetry had been present for approximately 5 years. The patient denied feeling pain around the calf or any other related symptoms such as neurological symptoms, including numbness, tingling or weakness, or any constitutional symptoms such as fever, malaise, weight loss, night sweats, and chills. Her medical history was unremarkable, with no previous surgeries or hospitalizations, and she was on no medications. Her family and social histories were noncontributory. Physical examination revealed a large (approximately 12 × 8 cm), firm, diffuse, partially mobile soft tissue mass in the medial aspect of the proximal right calf. The diameter of the right calf was 4.5 cm greater than the left calf. There was no tenderness on palpation and the overlying skin appeared to be normal. The neurovascular exam was unremarkable. Her gait was within normal limits and she was able to toe and heel walk without any difficulty. The patient’s complete blood count was within normal limits. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, LDH (< 100 U/L), and creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels (64 U/L) were all normal. We obtained plain radiographs of the right tibia and fibula (including the knee and ankle) (Fig 1) and performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Fig 2). Based on the history, physical examination, and imaging studies, what is the differential diagnosis? From the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; the Department of Orthopaedics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; the Department of Pathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA; and the §Department of Orthopaedics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. Each author certifies that his or her institution either has waived or does not require approval for the reporting of this case and that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research. Correspondence to: John P. Dormans, MD, Chief, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 2nd Floor Wood Center, 34th & Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399. Phone: 215-5901534; Fax: 215-590-1501; E-mail: dormans@email.CHOP. edu. DOI: 10.1097/01.blo. 0000238835.73057. 2a CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH Number 460, pp. 263–268 © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Interseismic coupling, segmentation and mechanical behavior of the central Chile subduction zone

Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements carried out in Chile over the last two decades showed that an entire portion of the Nazca-South America subduction zone (38°S − 24°S) was locked over this period of time. The induced accumulation of elastic deformation in the upper-plate was not released until the recent Maule earthquake of 27 February 2010 (Mw 8.8) that ruptured the southern part of this section. Locking or coupling between the two plates varies both with depth and along strike. Here we use our own GPS data (an updated solution of our extended network in central Chile), combined with other published data sets, to quantify the spatial variations of the coupling that prevailed before the Maule earthquake. Using a simple elastic model based on the back-slip assumption, we show that coupling variations on the subduction plane are sufficient to explain the observed surface deformation, with no need of a sliver in central Chile. We identify four segments characterized by higher coupling and separated by narrow areas of lower coupling. This segmentation is in good agreement with historical and recent seismicity in Chile. In particular the narrow zones of lower coupling seem to have stopped most large seismic ruptures, including Maule's. These zones are often associated with irregular bathymetric or coastal features (fracture zones or peninsulas). Finally, coseismic and early post-seismic slip distribution of the Maule earthquake, occurring either in previously highly or weakly coupled zones, map a complex distribution of velocity-weakening and velocity-strengthening patches on the subduction interface.
Echolocation: high-frequency component in the click of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena ph. L.).

Besides the already known low‐frequency components of the Phocoena echolocation pulse, a narrow‐band pulse of 0.1‐msec duration, with the main energy between 110 and 150 kHz and a source level of 40 dB re 1 μbar at 1 m has been found. The properties of this pulse can explain how wires below 1‐mm diam can be detected by echolocation. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the emission is restricted to a narrow beam.
Holonic Crisis Handling Model for Corporate Sustainability

The new approaches of risk and crisis management of organizations point to corporate responsibility and corporate sustainability. In the ‘Internet of Everything’ era, when the new media and social networks create the possibility to ruin in a few seconds the reputation of a company built in decades, it is important to afford the maximum attention to risk management and crisis communication. Long-term sustainability requires a transparent, trustful communication in due time. In our study, we propose a crisis management model that leads to sustainable corporate behaviour. We consider organizations as complex systems, and we use the holonic multiagent modelling concept to depict the emergent behaviour of these systems. This theoretical paper has as its main result a crisis communication model, based on the adaptability feature of holons. In our non-linear approach for unpredictable situations we merged some findings of sustainability theory, corporate social responsibility (CSR) management, crisis communication, the holonic manufacturing concept and the latest security standards in computer communication.
Naso-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis Case Report of Surgical Management

Mucormycosis is a rare, aggressive opportunistic infection from a fungus of the order of mucorales. This infection is usually seen in patients with underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus and haematological malignancies. This infection could be presented in various clinical forms, but Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM) is the most common. In this article we report a case of a middle age man suffered from poorly controlled diabetes and Leukaemia. He started with an atypical clinical form of ROCM, attending to the Emergency room with a progressive right eye acute orbital apex syndrome (OAS) which quickly evolves to a bilateral affection. After clinical and endoscopic exhaustive examination and radiologic imaging were done, a high suspect of ROCM was established. An aggressive surgical debridement of necrotic tissue and reservoir were done, bilateral orbital exenteration and an aggressive antifungal intravenous and local treatment were done. The man is successfully free of infection
Cisplatin Restores TRAIL Apoptotic Pathway in Glioblastoma-Derived Stem Cells through Up-regulation of DR5 and Down-regulation of c-FLIP

Glioblastoma-derived stem cells (GSCs) are responsible for the cancer resistance to therapies. We show here that GSC-enriched neurospheres are resistant to the treatment of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) due to the insufficient expression of the death receptor DR4 and DR5 and the overexpression of cellular Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). However, treatment with cisplatin leads to the upregulation of DR5 and downregulation of c-FLIP and restores TRAIL apoptotic pathway in the neurospheres. This study suggests that the combined treatment of TRAIL and cisplatin can induce apoptosis in GSCs and thus provide an effective treatment of glioblastomas.
Navigation of mobile robot using location map of place cells and reinforcement learning

It is known that the hippocampus of rats contains neural cells called “place cells. ” Place cells are neural cells that respond selectively when the rat arrives at a particular place. This paper proposes a mobile robot navigation method that uses a place cell position map and reinforcement learning. First, the place cell position map is created by a neural gas using image data and position data from observation points. Next, routes between the place cells are established, and the path to the goal is learned using the actor–critic method, which is a type of reinforcement learning method. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the goal can be reached even if there are motion errors by moving the robot along the route. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(7): 65–75, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20632
Speech Pitch Frequency as an Emotional State Indicator

Computer-based education systems utilizing adaptive teaching strategies could benefit greatly from a knowledge of the student-user's emotional state. Comparative studies of speech analysis techniques suitable for a two-way audio communications system between student and computer led to the hypothesis that voice pitch frequency is related to emotional state. Experimental results are given based on the analysis of words spoken by drama students, which validate this hypothesis, and recommendations are made for incorporating a two-way audio component into future computer-based learning systems.
Morphological and immunohistochemical changes in splenic macrophages of pigs infected with classical swine fever.

Classical swine fever (CSF) was induced in 20 pigs by inoculation with a virulent strain of CSF virus to determine sequential changes (2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days post-inoculation) in the number and morphology of splenic macrophages (red pulp and lymphoid marginal zone) and thus to assess the role of these cells in the pathogenesis of the disease. The first splenic cells to be infected with CSF virus were macrophages in the marginal zone followed by other macrophage populations. The initial phase of CSF was associated with an increase in splenic macrophage numbers in the marginal zone and a decrease in the red pulp. Subsequently, the numbers in the red pulp increased. The study suggested that infection, mobilization and apoptosis of splenic macrophages play an important role in the spread of CSF virus in vivo. Moreover, the secretory changes that occurred in macrophages in the initial phase of the infection suggested that macrophages release chemical mediators capable of modulating pathogenesis.
Comparison of three different serological techniques for primary diagnosis and monitoring of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in two age groups from Tunisia

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Tunisia is characterized by its bimodal age distribution involving juvenile patients of 10–24 years and adult patients of 40–60 years. Three serological techniques were compared for primary diagnosis (N = 117) and post‐treatment monitoring (N = 21) of NPC patients separated in two age groups. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used as the “gold standard” for detection of IgG and IgA antibodies reactive with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) early (EA) and viral capsid (VCA) antigens. Results were compared with ELISA measuring IgG and IgA antibody reactivity to defined EBNA1, EA, and VCA antigens. Immunoblot was used to reveal the molecular diversity underlying the anti‐EBV IgG and IgA antibody responses. The results indicate that young NPC patients have significantly more restricted anti‐EBV IgG and IgA antibody responses with aberrant IgG VCA/EA levels in 78% compared to 91.7% in elder patients. IgA VCA/EA was detected in 50% of young patients versus 89.4% for the elder group (P < 0.001). Immunoblot revealed a reduced overall diversity of EBV antigen recognition for both IgG and IgA in young patients. A good concordance was observed between ELISA and IFA for primary NPC diagnosis with 81–91% overall agreement. Even better agreement (95–100%) was found for antibody changes during follow‐up monitoring, showing declining reactivity in patients in remission and increasing reactivity in patients with persistent disease or relapse. ELISA for IgA anti‐VCA‐p18 and immunoblot proved most sensitive for predicting tumor relapse. VCA‐p18 IgA ELISA seems suitable for routine diagnosis and early detection of NPC complication. J. Med. Virol. 75:593–602, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genes and other samples of DNA sequence data for phylogenetic inference.

One of the most basic uses of DNA sequence data in the study of evolution is as a source of information for inferring evolutionary history. Where homology may be difficult to establish, particularly in comparisons of phylogenetic lineages that have diverged relatively early, DNA sequence data may offer distinct advantages over other data, such as morphology. However, DNA sequence data may present its own difficulties, and the sampling properties of DNA sequence data are not well characterized. To better understand the sampling properties of DNA sequence data in phylogenetic analysis, a series of computational experiments were performed using complete mitochondrial genomes from 10 vertebrate species. These taxa were cow, Bos taurus; carp, Cyprinus carpio; chicken, Gallus gallus; human, Homo sapiens; loach, Crossostoma lacustre; mouse, Mus musculus; rat, Rattus norvegicus; harbor seal, Phoca vitulina; fin whale, Balenoptera physalus; and frog, Xenopus laevis. For this study, the mitochondrial genome has some distinct advantages:
Polar and nonpolar atomic environments in the protein core: Implications for folding and binding

Hydrophobic interactions are believed to play an important role in protein folding and stability. Semi‐empirical attempts to estimate these interactions are usually based on a model of solvation, whose contribution to the stability of proteins is assumed to be proportional to the surface area buried upon folding. Here we propose an extension of this idea by defining an environment free energy that characterizes the environment of each atom of the protein, including solvent, polar or nonpolar atoms of the same protein or of another molecule that interacts with the protein. In our model, the difference of this environment free energy between the folded state and the unfolded (extended) state of a protein is shown to be proportional to the area buried by nonpolar atoms upon folding. General properties of this environment free energy are derived from statistical studies on a database of 82 well‐refined protein structures. This free energy is shown to be able to discriminate misfolded from correct structural models, to provide an estimate of the stabilization due to oligomerization, and to predict the stability of mutants in which hydrophobic residues have been substituted by site‐directed mutagenesis, provided that no large structural modifications occur. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circulating levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-D and soluble VEGF-A receptor (sFlt-1) in human breast cancer.

As circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) are raised in malignancy, the aim of this study was to investigate whether similar changes occur in two related factors, VEGF-D and the soluble VEGF-A receptor Flt-1 (sFlt-1). Circulating levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-D and sFlt-1 were determined by ELISA in 51 patients with primary breast cancer and matched healthy controls. Results were correlated with clinicopathological data. Whilst there was a difference in VEGF-A levels between patient and control groups (p=0.03), no such difference was observed for sFlt-1 or VEGF-D levels and there was no association between individual factors and the clinicopathological variables examined. However, there was a positive correlation between VEGF-A and sFlt-1 levels in both patient and control groups (p<0.0001). In addition, the ratio of sFlt-1 to VEGF-A was significantly different between patients and controls (p<0.0001) and was also associated with tumour size (p=0.01) within the patient group. During tumour progression there is a change in the relative amounts of sFlt-1 and VEGF-A in the circulation. Measuring the sFlt-1:VEGF-A ratio may have more significance than VEGF-A alone and further studies are needed to determine whether the ratio is of use as a prognostic marker or as a means of monitoring response to anti-angiogenic therapy in cancer. (Int J Biol Markers 2004; 19: 229-35).
An adaptive neural controller based on neural emulator for single-input multi-output nonlinear systems

This paper deals with the adaptive control of single-input multi-output (SIMO) underactuated nonlinear systems. The restriction of the control authority for these systems causes major difficulties in control design. In this work, we propose an adaptive neural controller based on neural emulator to solve the control problems for a class of SIMO nonlinear systems. This controller is built by a set of partial neural controllers. New formulas are proposed to compute the validity degrees which manage the generation of the global control law. Simulations are carried out on a single-input multi-output nonlinear system. The obtained results show that the suggested control scheme provides a very good tracking and regulation performance.
A novel role for GSK3β as a modulator of Drosha microprocessor activity and MicroRNA biogenesis.

Regulation of microRNA (miR) biogenesis is complex and stringently controlled. Here, we identify the kinase GSK3 as an important modulator of miR biogenesis at Microprocessor level. Repression of GSK3 activity reduces Drosha activity toward primiRs, leading to accumulation of unprocessed primiRs and reduction of pre-miRs and mature miRs without altering levels or cellular localisation of miR biogenesis proteins. Conversely, GSK3 activation increases Drosha activity and mature miR accumulation. GSK3 achieves this through promoting Drosha:cofactor and Drosha:pri-miR interactions: it binds to DGCR8 and p72 in the Microprocessor, an effect dependent upon presence of RNA. Indeed, GSK3 itself can immunoprecipitate pri-miRs, suggesting possible RNA-binding capacity. Kinase assays identify the mechanism for GSK3 -enhanced Drosha activity, which requires GSK3 nuclear localisation, as phosphorylation of Drosha at S300 and/or S302; confirmed by enhanced Drosha activity and association with cofactors, and increased abundance of mature miRs in the presence of phospho-mimic Drosha. Functional implications of GSK3 -enhanced miR biogenesis are illustrated by increased levels of GSK3 -upregulated miR targets following GSK3 inhibition. These data, the first to link GSK3 with the miR cascade in humans, highlight a novel probiogenesis role for GSK3 in increasing miR biogenesis as a component of the Microprocessor complex with wide-ranging functional consequences.
The relationship of parenting stress and child temperament to language development among economically disadvantaged preschoolers*

ABSTRACT Oral language skills in the preschool years are predictive of children's later reading success and literacy acquisition, and among these language skills, vocabulary and narrative ability play important roles. Children from low socioeconomic families face risks to their language development and because of threats to these skills it is important to identify factors that promote their development among high-risk groups. This preliminary study explored two potential factors that may be related to language skills in 56 low SES mother–child dyads (children aged 2 ; 8–4 ; 10), namely child temperament and parenting stress. Results showed that child temperament and parenting stress were related to children's oral language skills. Child temperament characteristics that would likely aid social interaction were related to narrative ability and children rated high on emotionality had poorer receptive vocabulary skills. Parenting stress was related to children's receptive and expressive vocabulary skills. Results are interpreted in terms of the possible mediating role of parent–child interactions in children's oral language skill development, and future directions for family intervention are discussed.
Utilisation et intention d’utilisation de l’autotest VIH chez les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes dans la région des Pays de la Loire

L’epidemie de VIH demeure encore incontrolee en France chez les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes, avec 42% des nouvelles contaminations par an soit 2800 individus en 2014. L’incidence est actuellement de 1/100 et l’epidemie cachee dans ce groupe a risque est estimee a 288/10000 HSH. Des mesures de prevention ont ete developpees, specialement avec l’arrivee sur le marche en septembre 2015 du premier autotest VIH mis en vente libre dans les pharmacies et sur internet. Destine aux populations a risque se depistant peu ou pas, son but est de depister le plus precocement possible pour un acces plus rapide aux soins et ce afin d’inverser la courbe de l’epidemie. L’objectif principal de cette etude est d’evaluer son utilisation chez les HSH ; l’objectif secondaire etant d’evaluer les intentions d’utilisation chez les HSH ne l’ayant jamais utilise. Un questionnaire a ete diffuse sur internet sur des sites communautaires, lors des gayprides et dans des lieux de frequentation Gay. Parmi les 81 repondants, 60,5% declarent plus de 2 partenaires dans les 6 derniers mois et 23% plus de 10 partenaires. Parmi les 41 celibataires, 71% declarent ne pas porter de preservatif a chaque rapport. Sept personnes avaient deja utilise l’autotest. Tous s’etaient depistes au moins une fois dans leur vie et 6 connaissaient leur statut serologique. Parmi les 74 n’ayant jamais utilise l’autotest, 47 souhaiteraient l’utiliser et 27 ne le souhaiteraient pas. Sur les 47 utilisateurs potentiels, 29,8% ne se sont jamais depistes pour le VIH contre 7,4 % chez ceux ne souhaitant pas l’utiliser. La frequence de depistage du VIH est de moins d’une fois par an pour 42 % chez les utilisateurs potentiels et de 28% chez les autres. Cette etude a montre une difference importante concernant les habitudes de depistage, entre les utilisateurs et ceux ayant l’intention d’utiliser l’autotest VIH. En effet, les utilisateurs s’etaient tous deja depistes au moins une fois et connaissaient leur statut serologique alors que ceux ayant l’intention de l’utiliser etaient un tiers a ne s’etre jamais fait depister. Parmi les limitations majeures a son utilisation, on notera le prix et la satisfaction avec les methodes habituelles ; ainsi qu’un manque d’informations dans les medias et les milieux communautaires.