Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction of droplet diffusions governed by 2-D porous medium equation

This paper considers two dimensional (2D) porous medium equation (PME). PME yields a solution, the so-called Barenblatt’s solution (BS). For the limiting case, it is the fundamental solution of the heat equation. An interpretation of the application of BS is the diffusion of a droplet of ink on a piece of paper. This paper discusses the interaction of the diffusion of two droplets governed by PME. While the analytical solution is still hard to obtain, the solution sought numerically by applying a finite difference method. The numerical solution does not show the presence of ‘nipple’ like figure before, during and after the collision of the droplets as the superposition of droplets does. This confirms and generalizes the previous results on one dimensional PME. Mathematical Subject Classification: 35K05, 35K50, 35A08, 65M06
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON INDUCTION OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AGAINST INACTIVATED RABIES VIRUS

Introduction: Nanoparticles have been considered as promising tools because of their high applicability. Recently, nanoparticles have been evaluated for their ability to increase the immune responses as adjuvants. Silver-nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown promising results in enhancing Th-2 immune responses and to produce potent neutralizing antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies are considered as the main defense mechanism in preand post-exposure treatments of rabies disease. Therefore in this study, the effects of AgNPs in enhancing the immunogenicity of inactivated rabies virus were assessed. Methods: Different concentrations of AgNPs (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mg/ml) were added to inactivated rabies virus. Mice were immunized by two intra-peritoneal injections of each concentration on days 1 and 7. The inactivated virus and Alum were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Blood was collected from healthy and immunized mice, one week after the last immunization. Serum was isolated from each sample and the amounts of neutralizing antibodies were determined by Rapid Florence Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT). The cytotoxicity of AgNPs was also assessed by in vitro MTT assay on J774A.1 cell line. Results: The results showed that 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mg/ml of AgNPs had significantly increased the immune responses compared to the control; however, 0.2 mg/ml of AgNPs did not show a significant effect. No cytotoxicity was observed for 0.001 and 0.01 mg/ml concentrations of AgNPs but cell viability was decreased significantly at 0.1 mg/ml concentration. Conclusion: It was shown that the virus-loaded AgNPsat 0.4 mg/ml concentration could raise the neutralizing antibodies against rabies virus in mice, but their adverse effect on cell viability excludes their use as an adjuvant. Vac Res, 2014, 1 (1): 31-34
Impact of Human Disturbance on Forest Vegetation and Water Resources of Nainital Catchment

Nainital is a prime example of Lake Township that has been severely impacted by human activities owing to expansion of urbanization. The impacts of these pressures are felt in varied ways and from varied sources. During the few decades increasing local population 6903 (1901) to 38559 (2001) and the logarithmic increase in tourist influx into the watershed has effected the water resources and biodiversity of the area. A significant number of water resources have dried up in the past two to three decades. The present study is an attempt to document and relate the population rise and increase in the jungles of concrete in the past 50 years in the Nainital catchments to its impact on the forest cover forest density, biodiversity and water resources. Certain herb and shrub species that were abundant in the oak forests (Q. leucotrichophora and Q. floribunda) have now disappeared. In Nainital catchment area in un- disturbed sites the tree richness is 11, shrub richness is 19 and herb richness is 51, whereas in disturbed forest the richness is declining and is 7 for tree species, 19 for shrubs and 31 for herb species. The study is important as it indicates the changes that are occurring in forests that are degrading because of relentless biotic pressure. (Nature and Science. 2009; 7(10): 74-78). (ISSN: 1545-0740).
Field Application of a Combined Vaccine against Peste Des PetitsRuminants and Sheep Pox

A combined vaccine against peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and sheep/goat pox (SGP), based on Nigeria 75 PPR strain and sheep pox Romania strain, was developed and applied in the field. Safety and efficacy were evaluated on goats and sheep in comparison with monovalent PPR and SGP vaccines. Goats were challenged by PPR virulent strain and sheep by SP virulent strain. The result showsthat the combined PPR/SGP vaccine confers a good protection against both PPR and SGP infection with no significant difference with monovalent vaccines. The combined vaccine was used in Morocco and other African countries on small ruminant flocks with good safety and satisfactory sero-conversion detected against both PPR and SGP viruses, as soon as 14 days post vaccination. It’s the first time where a combined vaccine was applied in large vaccination campaigns to prevent in one shot the two diseases.
Attractiveness of Fallen Fleshy Fruits to Ants Depends on Previous Handling by Frugivores

Abstract: Interactions between ants and vertebrate-dispersed fleshy fruits are common on the floor of tropical forests. These interactions are considered beneficial to seeds if ants clean the seed (which may prevent fungal contamination and/or increase germination success) or act as secondary fine-scale dispersers (depositing the seed in nearby nutrient-enriched nest sites). Benefits to seeds, however, may be constrained by limited ant access to fruits. Here, we experimentally tested whether ant access to fallen fleshy fruits of Psychotria suterella (Rubiaceae) can be affected by previous handling (including ingestion) by birds. We found that mandibulated fruits and fruits embedded in feces are more prone to be visited by ants compared to entirely intact fruits. Moreover, the number of ant species per station was higher for vertebrate-handled fruit categories. We suggest that ongoing vertebrate loss in tropical forests may affect this highly opportunistic and potentially mutualistic interaction.
Patient’s Medication Analysis Using Probabilistic Aspect Mining Model

Merchants selling goods on the Web often ask their customers to review the product that they have purchased from the particular site. As Ecommerce is becoming more and more popular, the number of customer reviews that a product is receiving is increasing at a fast pace. For a popular product the number of reviews can be in hundreds or even thousands. This makes it difficult for a customer to identify which product will be best for them. It makes the manufacturer to track all the records of an individual product . So here also discussion forums are there which will help the patients to identify the drugs. Hence here we developed a Probabilistic Aspect Mining Model (PAMM) for identifying the aspects/ topics relating to a single class or corpus. PAMM has a unique feature in identifying the aspect related to one class rather than finding aspects for all classes simultaneously. In addition , the derived aspects were also assessed by human beings based on different specified perspectives ,and PAM was found to be rated the highest.
Supercritical self-avoiding walks are space-filling

We consider random self-avoiding walks between two points on the boundary of a finite subdomain of Z^d (the probability of a self-avoiding trajectory gamma is proportional to mu^{-length(gamma)}). We show that the random trajectory becomes space-filling in the scaling limit when the parameter mu is supercritical.
Novel Nanostructures And Processes For Enhanced Catalysis Of Composite Solid Propellants

The purpose of this study is to examine the burning behaviour of composite solid propellants (CSP) in the presence of nanoscale, heterogenous catalysts. The study targets the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) as a key component in the burning profile of these propellants, and seeks to identify parameters of AP decomposition reaction that can be affected by catalytic additives. The decomposition behavior of AP was studied in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in varying configurations, surface conditions, dopants, morphology, and synthesis parameters with the AP crystals. The catalytic nanoparticles were found to enhance the decomposition rate of the ammonium perchlorate, and promote an accelerated burning rate of CSP propellants containing the additives. Furthermore, different configurations were shown to have varying degrees of effectiveness in promoting the decomposition behaviour. To study the effect of the catalyst’s configuration in the bulk propellant, controlled dispersion conditions of the nanoparticle catalysts were created and studied using differential scanning calorimetry, as well as model propellant strand burning. The catalysts were shown to promote the greatest enthalpy of reaction, as well as the highest burn rate, when the AP crystals were recrystalized around the nanoparticle additives. This is in contrast to the lowest enthalpy condition, which corresponded to catalysts being dispersed upon the AP crystal surface using bio-molecule templates. Additionally, a method of facile, visible light nanoparticle tracking was developed to study the effect of mixing and settling parameters on the nano-catalysts. To accomplish this, the titania nanoparticles were doped with fluorescent europium molecules to track the dispersion of the catalysts in the propellant binder. This method was shown to succesfully allow for dispersion and agglomeration monitoring without affecting the catalytic effect of the TiO2 nanoparticles.
The Increasing Of Yield Potential of Peanut Mutant Line by Application of Calcium Fertilizer on Dry Land in Lombok Island

Drought stress is one of major problems to peanut cultivation in dry land. Effort to reduce the effect of drought stress is using drought tolerant cultivar and application of calcium fer tilizer. Objective of the experiment was to study effect of calsium fertilizer application to yield potential of peanut mutant line in dry land. The first experiment was conducted in the green house using completely randomize design. The second experiment was conducted in dry land using randomize complete block design. The green house experiment to test effect of calcium source and dose of calsium to the growth of peanut line. The field experiment to test the effect of gypsum to the growth of peanut mutant line (G300-II and G 200-I, and Singa cultivar). Result showed that application of calcium from gypsum at dose of 300 kg per hectar increased dry pod weight until 1751.5 g/6 m2 or 2.92 t/ha. Application of calcium from Gypsum fertilizer increased calcium content in the plant tissue.
Debris Disks: Structure, Composition, and Variability

Debris disks are tenuous, dust-dominated disks commonly observed around stars over a wide range of ages. Those around main sequence stars are analogous to the Solar System's Kuiper Belt and zodiacal light. The dust in debris disks is believed to be continuously regenerated, originating primarily with collisions of planetesimals. Observations of debris disks provide insight into the evolution of planetary systems; and the composition of dust, comets, and planetesimals outside the Solar System; as well as placing constraints on the orbital architecture and potentially the masses of exoplanets that are not otherwise detectable. This review highlights recent advances in multiwavelength, high-resolution scattered light and thermal imaging that have revealed a complex and intricate diversity of structures in debris disks and discusses how modeling methods are evolving with the breadth and depth of the available observations. Two rapidly advancing subfields highlighted in this review include observations of atomic and molecular gas around main sequence stars and variations in emission from debris disks on very short (days to years) timescales, providing evidence of non-steady-state collisional evolution particularly in young debris disks.
The relationship among Personality and Beliefs about Knowledge on Study Approach : Evidence from Top Indonesian Universities Accounting Students

The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between personality factors and beliefs about knowledge on study approach among on accounting student in Indonesian top universities.Personality factors consists of five dimensions of personality known as The Big Five Personality and Beliefs about knowledge consists of four dimensions, known as epistemological beliefs, whereas study approach consists of three parts: a deep study approach, surface study approach and strategicstudy approach.The sample in this study is from 250 accounting students at several top universities in Indonesia. Data were analyzed with SEM by using LISREL to examine the relationship among the variables.The result shows that personality and beliefs about knowledge influence the approach directly.Furthermore, personality factors didnot influence the study approach indirectly through their effect on beliefs
Effect of Carbon Nanotube Purification on the Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Composites with Carbon Nanotubes in Low Concentration

Surface properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were altered by purification with nitric acid, sulfu- ric acid, ammonium hydroxide, and hydrogen peroxide. As-received and purified CNT-based conductive poly- (ethylene terephthalate) composites were prepared with a twin-screw extruder. The effects of CNT purification on the surface properties of the CNTs and on the morphology and electrical and mechanical properties of CNT-based compo- sites were investigated. Surface energy measurements showed that the acidic component of the surface energies of the CNTs increased after purification. According to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the purification resulted in the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surfaces of the CNTs. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis results indicate the removal of the me- tallic catalyst residues and an increase in the oxygen con- tent of the CNT surfaces as a result of the purification procedure. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed a change in the crystalline structure of the CNTs after purification. All of the composites prepared with the purified CNTs had higher electrical resistivities and tensile and impact strength values than the composites based on the as-received CNTs because of the functional groups and defect sites formed on the surfaces of the CNTs during purification. V C 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 3360-3371, 2011
Overview of seismic monitoring and assessment of seismic hazard based on a decade of seismic events

During mining activity, the natural equilibrium of the rock mass gets altered resulting in increase in stress causing sudden, violent failure of rock mass. The stress increases with increase in the depth of mining. The dynamic stress changes caused due to release of strain energy from within the rock mass in the form of seismic signals are termed as seismic events. The occurrence of seismic events has been a regular phenomenon in and around the abandoned mines of Kolar Gold Fields causing damage to the surface structures and inducing apprehension about the safety and stability of mining areas. Among the abandoned mines, one of them had reached mining depth as deep as 3200m. In this sensitive mining area, there has been occurrence of many seismic events that were monitored by a dedicated seismic monitoring system from time to time. The monitoring system was used to determine the location of seismic events and used as an indicator of precaution from future events. In the background of this monitoring history, an attempt has been made here to assess the overall scenario of seismic hazard due to the seismic events observed over one decade. This study focuses on assessing the current probable seismic hazard for the abandoned mining region by using the estimated source parameters such as source radius, seismic magnitude obtained from the data of strong motion accelerometer supported by data from existing broad band seismometer. Keywords—seismic events, seismic hazard, source radius, seismic magnitude
Survival Rate and Mobility in an Enclosed Population of Red-backed Vole, Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae

Saitoh T. , 1983: Survival rate and mobility in an enclosed population of red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae. Acta theriol. , 28, 19: 301—315 [With 1 Table & 6 Figs.] Survival rate and behavior (mobility) of red-backed voles were investigated from 1978 to 1979 using a one-hectare out-door enclosure in a northern forest in Japan. Sex ratio of new-born young was even, but that in the breeding population deviated toward females. The prevailing female ratio in the breeding population was produced by the two factors: the females matured earlier than the males, and the survival rate of the females was higher than that of the males during maturation. The home range changed position markedly in both sexes during maturation. Home range length increased considerably in the males when they began to mature, but in the females this tendency was not evident. Consequently, the range length of the males became 1.5—2.0 times as long as that of the females after maturation. Sallies outside the home range were recorded more frequently in the males than in the females and most frequently during maturation. Life expectancy of the males which made sallies was much shorter than that of the more sedentary males. Survival rate decreased in the following order: mature females, mature males, maturing females, and maturing males. The order of mobility, however, was completely the reverse.
High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP)

10 Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, The Netherlands Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK University of Reading, Reading, UK 4 Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China P.R. 15 Texas A&M University, USA National Research Council – Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Italy Barcelona Super Computer Center, Barcelona, Spain Netherlands eScience Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Wageningen University, The Netherlands 20 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrkoping, Sweden Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA Bureau of Meteorology, Australia Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National 25 Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan Instituto Nacional de Pesquias Espaciais, Brazil AORI University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Alfred Wegner Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany 30 Nacional Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Predators Suppress Aphis glycines Matsumura Population Growth in Soybean

Abstract The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is an invasive pest of soybean, first discovered in North America in 2000. We studied the ability of the existing predator community in soybean to suppress A. glycines population growth during June–August 2002, in field studies using predator exclusion and sham cages or no-cage controls. Cages were infested with uniform initial densities of A. glycines adults, and subsequent populations of aphids and predators were monitored. After 2 wk, exclusion and sham cages were switched, with aphid and predator density followed for additional 2 wk. The experiment was repeated a second time, allowing observation of predator community response to both low and high density aphid populations over several time periods and stages of soybean development. Cages had minimal effects on temperature, relative humidity, or soybean growth. In contrast, predator communities and aphid populations were strongly affected by cage treatments. In the first trial, the activity of foliar-foraging predators effectively prevented A. glycines population growth maintaining populations below 10 aphids per plant (adult + nymphs) in sham cages, while populations exceeded 200 aphids per plant in exclusion cages. After cage switch, these high A. glycines populations in the former exclusion cages were rapidly colonized and reduced by nearly an order of magnitude within 2 wk by a combination of generalist and specialist predators. The second trial produced qualitatively similar results, but at much lower aphid densities. The most abundant predators in both trials included: Harmonia axyridis Pallas, Orius insidiosus (Say), and Leucopis spp. These studies demonstrate that existing predator communities comprised of a mixture of indigenous and naturalized species can suppress A. glycines population density in soybean. The impact of existing predator communities should be further investigated as a component of A. glycines management in United States soybean production systems.
Inferring Emotion from Facial Expression in Social Contexts. A Role of Self-Construal?

The study attempted to replicate the findings of Masuda and colleagues (2008), testing a modified hypothesis: when judging people’s emotions from facial expressions, interdependence-primed participants, in contrast to independence-primed participants, incorporate information from the social context, i.e. facial expressions of surrounding people. This was done in order to check if self construal could be the main variable influencing the cultural differences in emotion perception documented by Masuda and colleagues. Participants viewed cartoon images depicting a happy, sad, or neutral character in its facial expression, surrounded by other characters expressing graded congruent or incongruent facial expressions. The hypothesis was only (partially) confirmed for the emotional judgments of a neutral facial expression target. However, a closer look at the individual means indicated both assimilation and contrast effects, without a systematic manner in which the background characters' facial expressions would have been incorporated in the participants' judgments, for either of the priming groups. The results are discussed in terms of priming and priming success, and possible moderators other than self-construal for the effect found by Masuda and colleagues.