Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Cross-lingual Summarization and Machine Translation Quality Estimation

The need for cross-lingual information access is more than ever with the easy access to the Internet. This is especially true in vastly multilingual societies like India. Cross-lingual summarization (CLS) aims to create summaries in a target language from a document or document set given in a different, source language. Cross-lingual summarization can have significant impact on enabling cross-lingual information access for millions of people across the globe who do not speak or understand languages that have a large representation on the web by making the most important information available in the target language in the form of summaries. It can also make documents originally published in local languages quickly accessible to a large audience which does not understand those local languages. Working towards a better cross-lingual summarization system, we first create a flexible, web-based tool, referred to as the workbench, for human editing of cross-lingual summaries to rapidly generate publishable summaries in a number of Indian languages for news articles originally published in English. The workbench simultaneously collects detailed logs about the editing process at article, summary and sentence level. Similar to translation post-editing logs, such logs can be used to evaluate the automated cross-lingual summaries in terms of effort needed to make them publishable. We use the workbench to generate two manually edited datasets for different tasks. We observed that quality of automatic translation is a major bottleneck when working on CLS. Translation Quality Estimation (QE) aims to estimate the quality of an automated machine translation (MT) output without any human intervention or reference translation. With the increasing use of MT systems in various cross-lingual applications, the need and applicability of QE systems is increasing. We study existing approaches and propose multiple neural network approaches for sentence-level QE with a focus on MT outputs in Indian languages. For this, we also introduce five new datasets for four language pairs: two for English–Gujarati, and one each for English–Hindi, English–Telugu and English–Bengali, which includes one manually post-edited dataset for English–Gujarati created using the workbench. We compare results obtained using our proposed models with multiple existing state-of-the-art systems including the winning system in the WMT17 shared task on QE and show that our proposed neural model which combines the discriminative power of carefully chosen features with Siamese Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) works significantly better for all Indian language datasets. Later, we integrate our efforts on QE with cross-lingual summarization to study its effect on CLS. We extend a popular mono-lingual summarization method to work with CLS, along with a new objective function to take QE scores into account while ranking sentences for summarization. We experiment
Doxorubicin-Induced Alterations in Anti-ROS Enzymes Activity and Cytochromes Content in Candida utilis

DOXO (doxorubicin), an anthracycline antibiotic with the multidirectional cytotoxic effects that have been attributed to its capability to generate free radicals (ROS), induces apoptosis in transformed and non-transformed cells. In the present study a eukaryotic organism, Candida utilis was used to evaluate the effect of Doxorubicin on the activity of some redox enzymes like, CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and peroxidase, the amount of some hemoproteines of respiratory chain, and on cell growth and viability. Cells were cultured in minimal medium with 1.5% ethanol as substrate, in the presence of 1-160 μg/mL Doxorubicin. Doxorubicin treatment, showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and cell viability despite an increase in trypan-blue positive cells. CAT, SOD and peroxidase activity decreased as Doxorubicin concentration increased, while CAT, SOD and peroxidase activity reduced to 0%, 21%, and 2% of the control value in the presence of 160 μg/mL Doxorubicin. Cells cultured in the presence of Doxorubicin showed alterations in their respiratory chain and decrease in their cytochrome content, indeed the Doxorubicin effect on the amount of cytochrome c oxidase was more severe than that of cytochromes c and b. Generally, Doxorubicin reduced the ROS-scavenging systems and induced a ROS-generation apoptosis in Candida utilis.
N-Acetylcysteine for Refractory Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura : New Dosage Approaches

Refractory acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a life-threatening disorder. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) rapidly degrades ultra-large vWF multimers by disrupting the disulfide bonds. We provide further evidence of a successful use of NAC with a novel dosage for acute illness and preventive treatment. Clinical Case Reports, Research & Trials 4: 01-07 (2019) Clin Cas Repo Rese & Trials 4: 01-07 (2019)
Development of a Web-based University Collaborative Tool for Effective Distributed Learning

Due to advancement in technology, digital collaboration has become an extension of our traditional means of distributed learning and workflow. Currently in most tertiary institutions in Nigeria, students and lecturers use existing collaboration tools such as yahoo, google groups, whatapps for collaboration and knowledge sharing. However, they come with their limitations. For example, On Yahoo groups, students with yahoo mail account can only join yahoo groups and vice versa for google groups. This makes it difficult for students with other email address to participate and obtain relevant course materials on each of the platforms. Therefore, we propose the development of a unified platform for the purpose of collaboration for the University community. The system (TeamCollab) was designed using extreme programming model and developed using PHPs Laravel framework, CSS3, HTML5, Bootstrap and MySQL for the database query. The developed system was evaluated by potential users and found to meet predefined user requirements.
The Common Agricultural Policy in a Czech Context

The largest share of policy and money within the European Union goes to agriculture. The Union’s Common Agricultural Policy has undergone several transformations in the last five decades, with the main change taking place in the 1990s. This change influenced agriculture in the Czech Republic, inasmuch as the fledgling republic was preparing to join the European Union and adopt its policies. In the 1990s, Czech agriculture passed from a centrally planned economy to a market economy and subsequently adopted the terms of the Common Agricultural Policy. The Czech Republic is also characterized by a significant diversification of landscape sphere. Agricultural entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic are still not accustomed to the possibility of grants from the European Union. They focus rather on national or regional subsidies. Only half of all agricultural entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic use European subsidies. This article focuses on the introduction of the Common Agricultural Policy to the Czech Republic and its subsequent influence on Czech agriculture. It is demonstrated through the implementation rate of the CAP in the EU Member States and a closer focus on Czech integration. Keywords—Common Agricultural Policy, Agriculture, European Union, Transformation.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD 9 cell cycle checkpoint gene is required for optimal repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in both G 1 and G 2 / M phases of the cell cycle

Cells respond to DNA damage by activating both cellular growth arrest and DNA repair processes. In Saccharomyces cerevesiae the RAD9 gene controls DNA damage-mediated cell cycle arrest that is known to allow efficient repair. To ascertain whether RAD9 plays a role in DNA repair per se, the removal of UVinduced photolesions was assessed in synchronized isogenic normal and rad9∆ cells using the high resolution primer extension technique. The results show that RAD9 is indeed involved in the removal of photolesions from both the transcribed and the nontranscribed strands of the reporter GAL10 gene, in G1as well as G2/M-arrested cells. Interestingly, these data also reveal that in both normal and rad9 mutant, the repair strand bias towards the transcribed stand is more pronounced in G2/Mthan in G1-arrested cells. These data indicate that RAD9 coordinate the cellular response to DNA damage by activating both cell cycle checkpoint and excision repair.
MICROBIOME OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE SOY SAUCE

i ABSTRAK . ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS . ix CHAPTERS 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW . 4 2.1 Background of soya sauce . 4 2.2 Microbial communities, chemical properties and soya sauce fermentation . 5 2.3 Food Bacteria Culturability . 8 2.4 Metagenomics . 8 2.4.1 Functional metagenomics . 10 2.4.2 Sequence based metagenomics . 11 2.5 Metagenomics and next generation sequencing (NGS) . 13 3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 15 3.1 Chemical reagents . 15 3.2 Buffer solutions . 15 3.2.1 Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) . 15 3.4.2 5× Tris borate EDTA (TBE) buffer . 15 3.4.3 Tris-HCl buffer (1 M, pH 8.0) . 16 3.4.4 Ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (0.5 M. pH 8.0) 16 v 3.4.5 1× TE buffer (10mM, pH 8.0) . 16 3.4. 6 NaOH (0.2 N, pH 13) . 16 3.5 DNA marker . 16 3.6 Sample collection . 17 3.7 Physicochemical analysis . 17 3.8 Genomic DNA extraction . 17 3.9 Purification, quantification and quality control of genomic DNA . 18 3.10 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification . 19 3.11 Agarose gel electrophoresis . 19 3.12 DNA library preparation . 20 3.13 NGS of soya sauce metagenomic DNA . 20 3.14 Sequence analysis of extracted metagenomic DNA . 21 3.15 Taxonomic assignments of soya sauce brine microbiome. 21 3.16 Metabolic reconstruction of soya sauce brine metagenome . 22 3.17 Core metagenome of traditional Chinese soya sauce brine . 22 3.18 Nucleotide sequences accession number . 23 4.0 RESULTS . 24 4.1 Physicochemical analysis of soya sauce samples . 24 4.1. 1 pH and total acidity. 24 4.1. 2 Salt concentration . 25 4.1. 3 Ethanol concentration . 26 4.1. 4 Moisture and water activity (aw) . 27 4.1. 5 Reducing sugar and total nitrogen content . 28 4.2 Metagenomics DNA quantity and quality . 29 4.2.1 PCR amplification and inhibition determination . 29 4.2.2 Library concentration . 30 vi 4.3 NGS of traditional Chinese soya sauce brine fermentation . 31 4.4 Microbiome of traditional Chinese soya sauce brine fermentation . 33 4.5 Functional potential of traditional Chinese soya sauce microbial communities . 36 5.0 DISCUSSION . 41 5.1 Age-old soya sauce fermentation brine microbiome . 41 5.2 Functional capabilities of the microbial assemblage . 44 6.0 CONCLUSION . 47 REFERENCES . 48
1 The Total Variation Flow in Image Processing

We summarize in this lectures some of our results about the Minimizing Total Variation Flow, which have been mainly motivated by problems arising in Image Processing. First, we recall the role played by the Total Variation in Image Processing, in particular the variational formulation of the restoration problem. Next we outline some of the tools we need: functions of bounded variation (Section 2), paring between measures and bounded functions (Section 3) and gradient flows in Hilbert spaces (Section 4). Section 5 is devoted to the Neumann problem for the Total variation Flow. Finally, in Section 6 we study the Cauchy problem for the Total Variation Flow. 1 The Total Variation Flow in Image Processing We suppose that our image (or data) ud is a function defined on a bounded and piecewise smooth open set D of IR typically a rectangle in IR. Generally, the degradation of the image occurs during image acquisition and can be modeled by a linear and translation invariant blur and additive noise. The equation relating u, the real image, to ud can be written as ud = Ku + n, (1) where K is a convolution operator with impulse response k, i.e., Ku = k ∗u, and n is an additive white noise of standard deviation σ. In practice, the noise can be considered as Gaussian. ∗Notes from the course given in the Summer School “Calculus of Variations”, Roma, July 4-8, 2005 †Departamento de Análisis Matemático, Universitat de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain, Fuensanta.Andreu@uv.es, mazon@uv.es
Partially-supervised context-speciﬁc independence mixture modeling

Partially supervised or semi-supervised learning refers to machine learning methods which fall between clustering and classiﬁcation. In the context of clustering, labels can specify link and do-not-link constraints between data points in diﬀerent ways and constrain the resulting clustering solutions. This is a very natural framework for many biological applications as some labels are often available and even very few label greatly improve clustering results. Context-speciﬁc independence models constitute a framework for simultaneous mixture estimation and model structure determination to obtain meaningful models for high-dimensional data with many, possibly unin-formative, variables. Here we present the ﬁrst approach for partial learning of CSI models and demonstrate the eﬀectiveness of modest amounts of labels for simulated data and for protein sub-family determination.
Twenty-four – hour analysis of elevated energy expenditure after physical activity in a metabolic chamber : models of daily total energy expenditure 1 – 3

Background: The Institute of Medicine proposed that 15% of energy expenditure (EE) as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption should be added to additional physical activity energy expenditure ( PAEE) to estimate total EE. However, the magnitude of elevated post–physical activity energy expenditure (EPEE) under normal daily living conditions has not been examined. Objective: We examined the effects of EPEE on 24-h EE by modeling standard living conditions in a metabolic chamber. Design: Eleven Japanese men completed three 24-h metabolic chamber measurements: a control day (C-day), a day with highfrequency moderate-intensity physical activity (M-day), and a day with high-frequency vigorous-intensity physical activity (V-day). Results: Mean ( SD) 24-h EE for the C-day, the M-day, and the V-day was 2228 143 kcal, 2816 197 kcal, and 2813 163 kcal, respectively. No significant difference was observed in 24-h EE between an M-day and a V-day. Mean EPEEs on the M-day and the V-day did not significantly contribute to increasing 24-h EE. Relative EPEEs to PAEEs were 6.2 13.9% (M-day) and 5.1 9.2% (V-day). However, EPEE/24-h EE was negatively correlated with maximal oxygen uptake on the V-day (r 0.68, P 0.02), although no significant correlation between these variables was observed on the M-day (r 0.41, P 0.21). Conclusions: These results suggest that EPEE has a small effect on 24-h EE in the course of normal daily activities, findings that do not support the proposition by the Institute of Medicine for estimating TEE. However, persons with low physical fitness levels could enhance EE as EPEE by increasing vigorous-intensity daily physical activity. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1268–76.
Surface engineered 3 D nanogels assembly with integrated blood compatibility , cell proliferation and antibacterial property : towards multifunctional biomedical membrane

Yi Xia,a,1 Chong Cheng,a,b,1,* Rui Wang,a Hui Qin,a Yi Zhang,a Lang Ma,a Hong Tan,a Zhongwei Gu, c and Changsheng Zhao,a,c,* a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China b Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA c National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China 1 These two authors contribute equally to this work. * Corresponding author. Tel: +86-28-85400453, Fax: +86-28-85405402, E-mail: (C. Cheng) sagecheng@163.com or chengcho@umich.edu; (C.S. Zhao) zhaochsh70@163.com or zhaochsh70@scu.edu. cn
Title Acoustic noise radiated by PWM-controllel induction machinedrives

This paper investigates the acoustic noise radiated from two nominally identical induction motors when fed from sinusoidal, and asymmetric regular sampling subharmonic and space-vector pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters. The theory for analyzing the noise spectrum is developed further to account for the interaction between the motor and the drive. It is shown that manufacturing tolerances can result in significant differences in the noise level emitted from nominally identical motors, and that mechanical resonances can result in extremely high noise emissions. Such resonances can be induced by stator and rotor slot air-gap field harmonics due to the fundamental component of current, and by the interaction between the airgap field harmonics produced by the fundamental and the PWM harmonic currents. The significance of the effect of PWM strategy on the noise is closely related to the mechanical resonance with vibration mode order zero, while the PWM strategy will be critical only if the dominant cause of the emitted noise is the interaction of the fundamental air-gap field and PWM harmonics.
Diet composition and energy balance in humans 1–3

Inpatient metabolic studies of human subjects were performed to obtain data on important nutritional issues. It was shown that wide variations in the ratio of carbohydrate to fat do not alter total 24-h energy need. Studies of the fatty acid composition of plasma low-density lipoproteins during low-fat feeding indicated that there can be considerable lipogenesis from carbohydrate in humans during isoenergetic feeding. The energy cost of this conversion must be small or be counterbalanced by other changes in energy metabolism because measured energy need was unaltered by fat-to-carbohydrate ratios. Energy need was, however, markedly varied by changes in body weight. Subjects at their usual body weights who had experimentally induced increases in body weight became inefficient and required a higher energy intake for weight maintenance. The reverse occurred with a reduction in body weight. The set point at which energy storage is defended is clearly different in obese persons. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67(suppl):551S–5S.
A MESHLESS METHOD FOR FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTIONS : APPLICATION TO THE FAILURE PREDICTION OF A TANK UNDER IMPACT

Abstract. The development of numerical methods for the simulation of thin structures in interaction with a fluid is an industrial issue. In particular, such simulations should be able to predict a possible failure of the shell and the resulting leakage rate in situations involving impacts. This kind of simulations involves three key components: a thin structural model that includes highly nonlinear behaviors leading to failure, a fluid model able to handle sloshing and spatters phenomena, and finally, fluid-structure interactions whose topology can change drastically during calculations. This paper presents a solution based on a meshless method called Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics (SPH) which is used to model both the fluid and the shell. The fluid-structure interaction is handled via a unilateral contact algorithm adapted to the SPH context. The capabilities of the method are illustrated on several problems involving fracturing shells and by simulating an experiment involving fluid leakage of a tank impacted by a bullet.
FACTORS AFFECTING DIRECTIONAL BEHAVIOR IN BRAKING

With the advent of new truck regulations in the United States for braking in a turn, there is renewed interest in the directional behavior during braking. Asymmetries in the design and operation of trucks influence their ability to hold the desired path during braking maneuvers. This paper describes an analytical and experimental study of truck directional behavior in braking, examining the relative influence of various design factors that affect the behavior. The analytical portion of the research was conducted using a modified version of the 3-dimensional model of the 2-axle truck incorporated in the TruckSim® software. The modifications allowed for asymmetry in the loading and brake operation and included a comprehensive steering model. The steering system includes compliance steer from the reaction of the tire forces and moments on the geometry of the road wheels, as well as steer from geometric sources such as bump (jounce), roll, front axle wrap-up, and frame compliance. Experimental tests were conducted with a 2-axle truck modified to allow asymmetric loading in controlled patterns with the ability to distribute the load deceleration forces selectively between the frame rails. Asymmetry in the steering system of trucks with I-beam front axles is seen in both the analytical and experimental tests to cause a deviation to the right in straight ahead open-loop tests even with symmetric loading and brake forces. Lateral offset in the load alters the directional behavior such that a load bias to the left causes even greater deviation to the right, and vice versa. Steer from frame shear deflections associated with the offset loads were found to have little influence on open-loop directional behavior. Good agreement was obtained between the model and experiments in closed loop tests of the steady state steering corrections necessary to maintain a straight path. The simulation model was used to explore the influence on directional behavior from design and operating variables that could not be easily and reliably controlled on the test vehicle. Results are presented to show the influence of brake torque variations and steering system design properties. Pages 47 to 63
Mycobact ria empl y two diff re t mechanisms to cross the blood-brain barrier

Central nervous system (CNS) infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most devastating complications of tuberculosis, in particular in early childhood. In order to induce CNS infection, M. tuberculosis needs to cross specialized barriers protecting the brain. How M. tuberculosis crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enters the CNS is not well understood. Here, we use transparent zebrafish larvae and the closely related pathogen Mycobacterium marinum to answer this question. We show that in the early stages of development mycobacteria rapidly infect brain tissue, either as free mycobacteria or within circulating macrophages. After the formation of a functionally intact BBB the infiltration of brain tissue by infected macrophages is delayed, but not blocked, suggesting that crossing the BBB via phagocytic cells is one of the mechanisms used by mycobacteria to invade the CNS. Interestingly, depletion of phagocytic cells did not prevent M. marinum from infecting the brain tissue, indicating that free mycobacteria can independently cause brain infection. Detailed analysis showed that mycobacteria are able to cause vasculitis by extracellular outgrowth in the smaller blood vessels and by infecting endothelial cells. Importantly, we could show that this second mechanism is an active process that dependents on an intact ESX-1 secretion system, which extends the role of ESX-1 secretion beyond the macrophage infection cycle.
A Differential CPW-fed Ultra-wideband Antenna with Dual Notched Bands

─ In this letter, a differential coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with dual notched bands is presented. The proposed antenna is mainly composed of two C-shaped radiating elements and a polygon slot ground plane. To alleviate the electromagnetic signal interference, two pairs of open-ended slots etched on the ground plane are adopted to reject 3.5 GHz WiMAX band while a pair of Y-shaped slots embedded in the C-shaped radiating elements is used to filter 5.5 GHz WLAN band. Measured results demonstrate that a 10-dB impedance bandwidth implemented is 131% (from 2.57 to 12.31 GHz), along with dual notched bands of 3.29-3.95 GHz and 4.73-6.55 GHz. Furthermore, the low cross-polarization is obtained because of differential feeding structure. Finally, the antenna expresses good radiation patterns in the whole