Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of coccidiosis vaccination administered by in ovo injection on the hatchability and hatching chick quality of broilers1,2,3

&NA; Effects of the in ovo injection of a commercial coccidiosis vaccine on the hatchability and hatching chick quality variables of Ross × Ross 708 broilers were examined. Four treatment (TRT) groups were represented on each of 7 replicate tray levels of a single‐stage incubator (28 TRT‐replicate groups). Each TRT‐replicate contained 63 eggs (1,764 total eggs). On d 18.5 of incubation, eggs were subjected to one of 4 TRT using a commercial multi‐egg injector. Three control groups (non‐injected, dry‐punch, and diluent‐injected) and one TRT group (injected with diluent containing Inovocox EM1 vaccine) were used. On d 18.5 of incubation, the site of injection and stage of embryo development were determined. On d 21.5 of incubation (d zero post hatch), hatchability of injected eggs (HI), chick BW, and yolk sac, intestine, and liver weights were determined. On d zero post hatch, 20 chicks from each of the 28 TRT‐replicate groups (560 total birds) were placed in corresponding isolated wire‐floored battery cages. On a daily basis, from d zero to 14 post hatch, pooled fecal samples from each individual replicate cage were collected for oocyst output determination. There was no significant difference among TRT for HI or chick BW on d 21.5 of incubation. In the non‐injected control and vaccine‐treated groups, mean HI was 93.1 and 89.4%, respectively, and chick BW were 43.4 and 43.8 g, respectively. The mean embryonic stage score was 2.09, and 84.8 and 15.3% of in ovo injections were in the amnion and embryo, respectively. Oocyst shedding began 4 d post hatch (d 6 post injection), and reached a peak at d 7 post hatch (d 10 post injection). It was concluded that the in ovo injection of Inovocox EM1 vaccine did not have a significant detrimental effect on broiler embryogenesis or hatching chick quality.
Enhanced colitis‐associated colon carcinogenesis in a novel Apc mutant rat

To establish an efficient rat model for colitis‐associated colorectal cancer, azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)‐induced colon carcinogenesis was applied to a novel adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) mutant, the Kyoto Apc Delta (KAD) rat. The KAD rat was derived from ethylnitrosourea mutagenesis and harbors a nonsense mutation in the Apc gene (S2523X). The truncated APC of the KAD rat was deduced to lack part of the basic domain, an EB1‐binding domain, and a PDZ domain, but retained an intact β‐catenin binding region. KAD rats, homozygous for the Apc mutation on a genetic background of the F344 rat, showed no spontaneous tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. At 5 weeks of age, male KAD rats were given a single subcutaneous administration of AOM (20 mg/kg, bodyweight). One week later, they were given DSS (2% in drinking water) for 1 week. At week 15, the incidence and multiplicity of colon tumors developed in the KAD rat were remarkably severe compared with those in the F344 rat: 100 versus 50% in incidence and 10.7 ± 3.5 versus 0.8 ± 1.0 in multiplicity. KAD tumors were dominantly distributed in the rectum and distal colon, resembling human colorectal cancer. Accumulation of β‐catenin protein and frequent β‐catenin mutations were prominent features of KAD colon tumors. To our knowledge, AOM/DSS‐induced colon carcinogenesis using the KAD rat is the most efficient to induce colon tumors in the rat, and therefore would be available as an excellent model for human colitis‐associated CRC.
Exposure, knowledge or skill the computer literacy dilemma

There was a time when computer knowledge was so esoteric that only specialists needed to be educated. Only large organizations had computers and skills were needed only by the professional staff. Now the scene has changed. Computers are being used in the smallest of firms. Today there are millions of computers in homes, and there are offices with more computers and/or terminals than employees. There is some possibility that in the future all financial transactions and much shopping will be done by computer. Thus it is obvious that computer literacy is needed by all people. The question is not whether but rather what kind of education is required. There are three levels of understanding that may be imparted in education. One can teach a subject to the level of a basic understanding or general knowledge. Or one can provide detailed knowledge. Finally, one can develop in the student the ability to make skillful use of the subject area. Music appreciation, counterpoint and private vocal lessons illustrate the differences in one field of study. In curriculum development in business we tend to solve the question of depth of knowledge this way. All students are required to have a general understanding of the business core and a detailed knowledge of a major field. In addition, we expect that skills be developed in communications and quantitative methods. We carried over this pattern into data processing. However, we didn't know whether DP was a quantitative area requiring skill development or not. Thus we have Introduction to Data Processing courses that develop a programming skill in some language and others that just talk about programming but don't do any of it. There is substantial disagreement among educators as to the correct course of action. This lack of agreement, as well as a belated entry into DP education, has resulted in a limited and uneven computer education in colleges of business. Our graduates vary from computer illiterate to very skillful user. What to do about this situation is the focus of this study.
Phase recovery for 3D SAR range focusing

The problem of calibrating Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for 3D image formation will be investigated here. A source of errors in modern radar systems is inaccurate range estimations, during the data collection. This is caused by two ambiguities in the platform location and the scene topography map. Such range estimation errors induce some asynchronization in the dechirping process, i.e. a shift in the range direction. When such an error is small, the final image will be blurred and possibly compensated using conventional autofocus techniques. In multipass SAR image formation, this error between the passes is large and we need a different machinery to correct it. We formulate the problem of SAR pulse compression with the range estimation error, in a general setting. The range estimation error appears as some structured phase error in the phase history. We then introduce a new phase recovery technique for compensating the phase error. Some simulation results show the capabilities of the introduced method.
Immunological studies on egg white proteins; precipitation of chicken-ovalbumin and conalbumin by rabbit- and horse-antisera.

Summary 1.The precipitin reactions of highly purified conalbumin and six-times recrystallized ovalbumin with their homologous horse- and rabbit-antisera have been studied. 2.Traces of impurity present in both antigens were easily detectable by immunological methods. Although the ovalbumin showed two components electrophoretically these were indistinguishable immunologically. 3.A small amount of highly antigenic impurity may appreciably distort the quantitative curve due to the major component.
Interference Rejection and Equalization for DS/CDMA Multiuser Communication

In direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) mobile communication systems with time-varying multipath channels, both intersymbol interference (ISI) and multiple-access interference (MAI) must be considered. It has been shown that iterative equalization and decoding method is an efficient technique to combat ISI. Based on this approach, we propose a turbo equalization-like receiver for multiuser DS/CDMA systems in multipath channels. The proposed MAI-rejection/ISI suppression filter is based on a cost function evaluated at the PN code despreader's and data detector's output. Besides, our scheme does not require a training signal. Simulation results show that the proposed iterative receiver performs better than that of non-iterative scheme, and the BER decreases with the number of iteration increases
Compressed sensing to short duration voltage variation signal sparse in redundant dictionary

Compressed sensing (CS) is a novel data acquisition method that makes full use of the sparsity of signal. This paper presents a number of results regarding the construction of redundant dictionary for short duration voltage variation (SDVV) signal compressed sensing. The redundant dictionary was the union of three orthonormal bases: Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), db1 wavelet transform (WT) and db4 WT bases. To getting a small number of measurements, the Gaussian random matrix was chosen for linear non-adaptive measurements of SDVV signals, due to its small restricted isometry constants. The orthogonal matching pursuit, a kind of greedy algorithms, was used for reconstruction finally. Numerical experiments showed that the compression results obtained using the CS concept based on redundant dictionary are better than that those using the orthonormal bases such as DFT and WT bases. The SNR of recovered signals were higher than 25dB in the redundant dictionary, while fewer iterations were used with respected to the orthonormal bases.
Enhanced translocation of single DNA molecules through α-hemolysin nanopores by manipulation of internal charge

Both protein and solid-state nanopores are under intense investigation for the analysis of nucleic acids. A crucial advantage of protein nanopores is that site-directed mutagenesis permits precise tuning of their properties. Here, by augmenting the internal positive charge within the α-hemolysin pore and varying its distribution, we increase the frequency of translocation of a 92-nt single-stranded DNA through the pore at +120 mV by ≈10-fold over the wild-type protein and dramatically lower the voltage threshold at which translocation occurs, e.g., by 50 mV for 1 event·s−1·μM−1. Further, events in which DNA enters the pore, but is not immediately translocated, are almost eliminated. These experiments provide a basis for improved nucleic acid analysis with protein nanopores, which might be translated to solid-state nanopores by using chemical surface modification.
Unloading and refilling of two classes of spatially resolved endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores in astrocytes

Signaling by two classes of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores was studied in primary cultured rat astrocytes. Cytosolic and intra‐ER Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]CYT and [Ca2+]ER) were measured with, respectively, Fura‐2 and Furaptra, in separate experiments. The agonists, glutamate and ATP, released Ca2+ primarily from cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)‐sensitive ER Ca2+ stores (CPA inhibits ER Ca2+ pumps). Agonist‐evoked release was abolished by prior treatment with CPA but was unaffected by prior depletion of caffeine/ryanodine (CAF/RY)‐sensitive ER Ca2+ stores. Conversely, prior depletion of the CPA‐sensitive stores did not interfere with Ca2+ release or reuptake in the CAF/RY‐sensitive stores. Unloading of the CPA‐sensitive stores, but not the CAF/RY‐sensitive stores, promoted Ca2+ entry through “store‐operated channels. ” Resting [Ca2+]ER averaged 153 μM (based on in situ calibration of Furaptra: KD = 76 μM, vs 53 μM in solution). The releasable Ca2+ in both types of ER Ca2+ stores was increased by Na+ pump inhibition with 1 mM ouabain or K+‐free medium. Using high spatial resolution imaging and image subtraction methods, we observed that some regions of the ER (45–58% of the total ER) unloaded and refilled when CPA was added and removed. Other regions of the ER (24–38%) unloaded and refilled when CAF was added and removed. The overlap between these two classes of ER was only 10–18%. These data indicate that there are two structurally separate, independent components of the ER and that they are responsible for the functional independence of the CPA‐sensitive and CAF/RY‐sensitive ER Ca2+ stores. GLIA 31:15–28, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shear strength function of temperature for lead/lead-free alloys samples obtained with different cooling rate

Usually, the experiments concerning solder joints mechanical stress resistance are shear tests types that offer shear forces (SF) values for solder joints corresponding to surface mounted resistors (SMR) having different case types, but revealing the absence of reference values concerning Lead/Lead-Free solder alloys (L/LFSA) especially for samples having the same geometry as the SMR, being result of real soldering process. In the paper are presented the experiments designed in order to obtain reference values of shear forces (RVSF) for the solder alloys samples having the same transversal section as resistor 1206 case type, assembled in vapour phase soldering (VPS) processes characterized by different values of the cooling rate, for different body temperatures according to the homologous temperatures (HT) concept. The experiments results consisting in qualitative and quantitative analyses and references values of Lead/Lead-Free solder alloys SF, offering in the same time a data base useful in some solder alloys design and their qualification process (QP) into domains exempted by RoHS 2 EU Directive.
Self and social optimization in multi-class multi-server queueing systems with relative priorities

In this paper we show how the use of relative priorities can reduce queueing costs in queueing systems that are multi-server and multi-class as long as customers choose their routing policy strategically. This is demonstrated in two basic models with multi-class Poisson arrivals and parallel memoryless servers with linear cost functions of class expected mean waiting times. For each model we investigate the Nash equilibria under a given relative priority rule. Next, we characterize the central planner's optimal policy, which is shown to be of strictly relative priorities in some cases.
(E)-4-[(5-Methyl-2-furyl)methyleneamino]benzenesulfonic acid

The title compound, C12H11NO4S, is a Schiff base derived from the condensation reaction of equimolar quantities of sulfamide and furfural. The molecule has a trans configuration with respect to the imine C=N double bond. The N atom is involved in an intermolecular O—H—N hydrogen bond.
Branching in Pea (Action of Genes Rms3 and Rms4)

The nonallelic ramosus mutations rms3–2 and rms4 of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cause extensive release of vegetative axillary buds and lateral growth in comparison with wild-type (cv Torsdag) plants, in which axillary buds are not normally released under the conditions utilized. Grafting studies showed that the expression of the rms4 mutation in the shoot is independent of the genotype of the root-stock. In contrast, the length of the branches at certain nodes of rms3–2 plants was reduced by grafting to wild-type stocks, indicating that the wild-type Rms3 gene may control the level of a mobile substance produced in the root. This substance also appears to be produced in the shoot because Rms3 shoots did not branch when grafted to mutant rms3–2 rootstocks. However, the end product of the Rms3 gene appears to differ from that of the Rms2 gene (C.A. Beveridge, J.J. Ross, and I.C. Murfet [1994] Plant Physiol 104: 953–959) because reciprocal grafts between rms3–2 and rms2 seedlings produced mature shoots with apical dominance similar to that of rms3–2 and rms2 shoots grafted to wild-type stocks. Indole-3-acetic acid levels were not reduced in apical or nodal portions of rms4 plants and were actually elevated (up to 2-fold) in rms3–2 plants. It is suggested that further studies with these branching mutants may enable significant progress in understanding the normal control of apical dominance and the related communication between the root and shoot.
Cascade of Caspase Activation in Potassium-Deprived Cerebellar Granule Neurons: Targets for Treatment with Peptide and Protein Inhibitors of Apoptosis

Cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) cultured in the presence of serum and depolarizing potassium concentrations undergo apoptosis when switched to serum-free medium containing physiological potassium concentrations. Here we show that processing of the key protease, caspase-3, depends on the activation of caspase-9, but not of caspase-8. Selective peptide inhibitors of caspase-9 block processing of caspase-3 and caspase-8 and inhibit apoptosis, whereas a selective inhibitor of caspase-8 blocks neither processing of caspase-3 nor cell death. The data obtained with peptide inhibitors were confirmed by adenovirally mediated ectopic expression of the cytokine response modifier A (crmA), the baculovirus protein p35, and the X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). Further, caspase-8-activating death receptors do not mediate apoptosis in CGN and potassium withdrawal-induced apoptosis evolves unaltered in gld or lpr mice, which harbor mutations in the CD95/CD95 ligand system. Thus, neuronal apoptosis triggered by potassium deprivation is death receptor-independent but involves the mitochondrial pathway of caspase activation.
Biological and biochemical studies of African green monkey lymphotropic papovavirus

The growth of African green monkey lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV) in human lymphoblastoid cell line BJA-B was found to be slow and inefficient due to the accumulation of defective particles. An analysis of molecularly cloned LPV DNAs showed that 3 of 19 clones had DNAs that were longer (5.1 kilobases) than the DNAs of the other clones. The 5.1-kilobase DNA was infectious for BJA-B cells, whereas the shorter (4.8-kilobase) molecules were defective. Unlike the wild-type virus, stocks of LPV made from cloned, infectious DNAs were homogeneous and had higher titers. Using stocks of nondefective LPV, we investigated other biological properties. LPV replication in another human B-lymphoblastoid cell line was observed. The virus did not cause tumors when it was inoculated into newborn hamsters. Serological surveys of human and nonhuman primate sera indicated that virtually all primates, including humans, show evidence of infection by viruses antigenically related to LPV.
Effect of NF-kappaB, survivin, Bcl-2 and Caspase3 on apoptosis of gastric cancer cells induced by tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand.

AIM To study the effect of NF-kappaB, survivin, Bcl-2 and Caspase3 on tumor necrosis factors related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. METHODS Gastric cancer cells of SGC-7901, MKN28, MKN45 and AGS lines were cultured in PRMI-1640 medium and the apoptosis rates of the cells of 4 lines were observed after treatment of tumor necrosis factors related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) with a flow cytometer. The expression of NF-kappaB, survivin, Bcl-2 and Caspase3 in gastric cancer cells of 4 lines was analyzed with Western blot. RESULTS After the gastric cancer cells were exposed to TRAIL 300 ng/ml for 24 hours, the apoptosis rate was 36.05%, 20.27%, 16.50% and 11.80% in MKN28, MKN45, AGS and SGC-7901cells respectively. Western blot revealed that the expressions of NF-kappaB and survivin were lower in MKN28 cells than in MKN45, AGS and SGC-7901 cells. In contrast, the expression of Caspase3 was higher in MKN28 cells than in MKN45, AGS and SGC-7901 cells. CONCLUSION There is a selectivity of TRAIL potency to induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells of different cell lines. The anticancer potency of TRAIL is associated with the decreased expression of NF-kappaB and survivin and increased expression of Caspase3 of gastric cancer cells.
The Photoperiodic Response in Syrian Hamster Depends upon a Melatonin‐Driven Circadian Rhythm of Sensitivity to Melatonin

The pineal gland, via the daily pattern of melatonin (MEL) secretion, is directly involved in the conduction of photoperiodic information. The duration of MEL secretion is proportional to the duration of the dark period and, whatever the photoperiod is, MEL synthesis occurs 3 or 4 h after the dark onset in Syrian hamsters. In order to determine the relative importance of the duration or the coincidence hypothesis, a daily infusion protocol was used in sexually active pinealectomized hamsters. Long duration of MEL infusion (10 h) completely inhibit testes whereas short duration infusion (5 h) had no effect. When the animals were infused twice within 2 h 30 min separated by 3 h, they presented a complete gonadal atrophy, similar to the one observed with the 10 h infusion. Measurement of plasma MEL during the infusion and seperation periods revealed that MEL reached physiological nighttime values during the infusion period and fell to daytime values 1 h after the end of an infusion period. Thus, the results could not be due to a time additive action of the two MEL pulses. An intermediate response was observed when the 2 signals were applied across the light/dark transition. Gonadal regression did not occur when the 2 periods of infusion were separated by 5 h 30 min. The efficiency of this type of infusion was not dependent on the ambiant photoperiod since similar results were obtained in long and short photoperiods. The infusion was also as effective during the day as well as during the night. These results suggest that there is a rhythm of sensitivity to MEL, based on the coincidence hypotheses, that are important for transmission of photoperiodic information. This rhythm of sensitivity to MEL seems to be entrained by MEL itself, since the efficiency of the two pulses of MEL is not dependent of time of application and/or of photoperiod.
Thoracoscopic surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer: elderly vs. octogenarians

Background: Octogenarians are rarely referred for surgical treatment of lung cancer owing to the morbidity and mortality of pulmonary resection, their frailty, and limited lifespan. We reviewed the results of thoracoscopic surgery, performed completely under the monitor, for treatment of primary non-small-cell lung cancer in octogenarians, and compared them with those in elderly patients. Patients and methods: Between September 25, 2002 and August 25, 2011, a retrospective database of 24 octogenarians and 70 elderly patients (age range, 75–79 years) who underwent thoracoscopic surgery for treatment of primary non-small-cell lung cancer were reviewed. Demographic, histopathologic, preoperative, perioperative, postoperative, outcome variables, and survival were assessed. Results: In the octogenarian group, 29% had postoperative respiratory complications, 4% had postoperative cardiac complications, operative mortality was 4%, the recurrence rate was 8%, and the postsurgical 5-year survival rate was 74%. In the elderly group, 25% had postoperative respiratory complications, 6% had postoperative cardiac complications, operative mortality was 3%, the recurrence rate was 6%, and the postsurgical 5-year survival rate was 80%. Conclusions: Thoracoscopic surgery for treatment of primary non-small-cell lung cancer can be performed with similar postoperative complication rates, operative mortality, and survival in octogenarians when compared to elderly patients.