Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of a novel polysialic acid/gelatin composite hydrogels cross-linked by Tannic acid to improve healing and nursing care of cesarean section dressing

The infections and delayed wound healing after cesarean delivery is one of the most complicated issues in surgical medicinal field. In the present investigation, designed novel polysialic acid loaded gelatin (PSA-Gel) composite hydrogels cross-linked by tannic acid (TA) has been developed and used as a facile wound dressing to improve cesarean wound healing ability with prevent bactericidal infections. The cross-linking effect was predominant when the TA content was lower, resulting in the formation of a cross-linked network. An effective TA cross-linking effect on the PSA-Gel hydrogel matrix was achieved when the amount of TA was around 15 wt %. The morphology of as-fabricated hydrogels was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an average pore sizes of PSA-Gel, PSA-Gel-TA-5%, PSA-Gel-TA-10%, and PSA-Gel-TA-15% hydrogels were 95.4 ± 12.6 µm, 120.4 ± 8.2 µm, 165.3 ± 21.6 µm, and 270.2 ± 32.5 µm, respectively. The effects of hydrogels on the swelling ratio, in vitro degradation, and mechanical properties were systemically evaluated. The TA cross-linked PSA-Gel hydrogels display strong antimicrobial behavior against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria strains. Moreover, PSA-Gel-TA hydrogels also displayed favorable cytotoxicity toward L929 fibroblast cell lines. Finally, the therapeutic and wound healing potential of the PSA-Gel-TA hydrogels has been studied in vivo using the excision wound model in rats. The results indicate that the PSA-Gel-TA hydrogels have a greater and significant effect on wound closure and increased the wound healing rate compared with native PSA-Gel hydrogels and untreated control group. The findings suggest that PSA-Gel-TA hydrogels are promising dressing materials for the treatment of wound healing.
An Overview on Mucoadhesive Polymers for Buccal Drug Delivery

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline. net ©Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Available online at www.globalresearchonline. net 178 T.V. Hari Hara Nadh*, M. Venkata Ramana, N. Ramarao Department of Pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: hariharanadh3@gmail.com
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Impingement Heat Transfer in an Inline Array of Multiple Jets

Amid all convective heat transfer augmentation methods employing single phase, jet impingement heat transfer delivers significantly higher coefficient of local heat transfer. The arrangement leading to nine jets in square array has been used to cool a plate maintained at constant heat flux. Numerical study has been carried out using RANS-based turbulence modeling in commercial CFD Fluent software. The turbulent models used for the study are three different “k-e” models (STD, RNG, and realizable) and SST “k-ω” model. The numerical simulation output is equated with the experimental results to find out the most accurate turbulence model. The impact of variation of Reynolds number, inter-jet spacing, and separation distance has been considered for the geometry considered. These parameters affect the coefficient of heat transfer, temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy related to flow. The local “h” values have been noticed to decline with the rise in separation distance “H/D. ” The SST “k-ω” model has been noticed to be in maximum agreement with the experimental results. The average value of heat transfer coefficient “h” reduces from 210 to 193 W/m2K with increase in “H/D” from 6 to 10 at “Re” = 9000 and S/D of 3. As per numerical results, inter-jet spacing “S/D” of 3 has been determined to be the most optimum value.
A novel wireless optical technique for quantitative evaluation of cerebral perfusion pressure in a fluid percussion animal model of traumatic brain injury.

Background Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) calculated by mean arterial pressure (MAP) minus intracranial pressure (ICP) is related to blood flow into the brain and reflects cerebral ischemia and oxygenation indirectly. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can assess cerebral ischemia and hypoxia non-invasively and has been widely used in neuroscience. However, the correlation between CPP and NIRS, and its potential application in traumatic brain injury, has seldom been investigated. Methods We used a novel wireless NIRS system and commercial ICP and MAP devices to assess the trauma to rat brains using different impact intensity. The relationship between CPP and NIRS parameters with increasing impact strength were investigated. Results The results showed that changes in CPP (∆CPP), oxy-hemoglobin {∆[HbO2]}, total-hemoglobin {∆[HbT]}, and deoxy-hemoglobin were inversely proportional to the increase in impact intensity, and the correlations between ∆CPP, NIRS parameters {∆[HbO2], and ∆[HbT]} were significant. Conclusions The NIRS system can assess cerebral ischemia and oxygenation non-invasively and changes of HbO2 and HbT may be used as reference parameters to assess the level of CPP in an animal model of traumatic brain injury.
Molecular Mechanisms of Nigella sativa- and Nigella sativa Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats

Background In our lab, we demonstrated cardiac hypertrophy induced by long-term administration of Nigella sativa (Ns) with enhanced function. Therefore, we aim to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Ns-induced cardiac hypertrophy, compare it with that induced by exercise training, and explore any possible synergistic effect of these two interventions. Method Twenty adult Wistar male rats were divided into control (C), Ns-fed (N.s.), exercise-trained (Ex.), Ns-fed exercise-trained (N.s.Ex.) groups. 800 mg/kg of Ns was administered orally to N.s. rats. Ex. rats were trained on a treadmill with speed 18 m/min and grade 32° for two hours daily, and the N.s. Ex. group underwent both interventions. After 8 weeks, Immunohistochemical slides of the left ventricles were prepared using rat growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), angiotensin-II receptors 1 (AT-I), endothelin-I (ET-1), Akt-1, and Erk-1. Cell diameter and number of nuclei were measured. Results Cardiomyocyte diameter, number of nuclei, GH, and Akt were significantly higher in N.s, Ex. , and N.s. Ex groups compared with the controls. IGF-I, AT-1, and ET-1 were significantly higher in Ex. rats only compared with the controls. Erk-1 was lower in N.s. , Ex. , and N.s. Ex. compared with the controls. Conclusion We can conclude that Ns-induced cardiac hypertrophy is mediated by the GH-IGF I-PI3P-Akt pathway. Supplementation of Ns to exercise training protocol can block the upregulation of AT-I and ET-1. The combined N.s. exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy might be a superior model of physiological cardiac hypertrophy and be used as a prophylactic therapy for athletes who are engaged in vigorous exercise activity.
Morphometry in Coronary Arteries of Beijupira (Rachycentron canadum) Fish with Tunics Hyperplasia

Tunics hyperplasia of blood vessels can be quantified by a range of techniques that relate to modifications of area or thickness on histological sections. We studied hyperplasia of tunics of coronary arteries in a fish species, Rachycentron canadum for establishing the relationship between tunics and luminal obstruction by morphometry. The morphometric analysis was performed on 158 arterial vessels of 40 fish samples. The histological slides of cardiac and vascular tissue were stained using hematoxylin and eosin and observed under an optical microscope. The data relating to the proportion of the lumen area compared to the area of the tunic Original Research Article Pedrosa et al.; AJRIZ, 4(1): 40-48, 2021; Article no.AJRIZ. 67057 41 media were analyzed according to Beta regression models. The lumen proportion showed a decreasing relationship with weight and length of the analyzed animals. A linear relationship was not observed between lumen proportion and areas and/or radius of arterial tunics. It is concluded that the increase in weight gain contributes to a reduction of lumen area, leading to arterial obstruction without increasing or decreasing relationship between the proportion of vascular lumen and the thickness of arterial tunics. The set of abnormalities described are likely to be attributed to nutritional factors during the fish cultivation.
Selective Avoidance on Social Media: A Comparative Study of Western Democracies

This study examines the phenomena of political unfriending and content removal on social media in three Western democracies—France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We seek to understand the role of crosscutting discussion, confrontational discussion style, and ideological extremity in triggering unfriending and content removal on social media, while shedding light on cross-country differences. The findings show that selective avoidance behaviors are much more common in the United States than either in France or the United Kingdom. They also show that crosscutting discussion and confrontational style are the predictors of selective avoidance across all the above countries, while ideological extremity plays a role in the United States only. We suggest that while social media provide opportunities for citizens to engage in discussions with people with dissimilar political views and socioeconomic backgrounds, they also allow them to easily reestablish more homophilous environments via content removal and tie dissolution.
Is Mediation a Process of ‘Law’? A Hart-Ian Perspective

Mediation, as a form of dispute resolution, is widely practiced. Nations across the world recognize it as an increasingly appropriate form of dispute resolution. But the existential question remains. Can we rightly ascribe the word ‘law’ to the processes of mediation? This article makes one qualified proposition. Mediation is an extra-legal process, unless it is used to realize the law (and justice). This is for two reasons. First, mediation’s processes and mediated outcomes do not in themselves cause judges’ obeisance and adherence. Mediated settlements must rely on the law of contract for its validity and efficacy. Second, even if mediation is legislated to form part of our law, it is extra-legal. It does not comport with the minimum content of natural law in that it does not guarantee the realization of the law and access to justice. If we are to regard mediation as law, mediation must be used to realize the law and guarantee access to justice.
Mock Test and Examination System

As information progresses and Communication technology is growing rapidly in our daily lives, E-learning systems are getting more and more attention in education mechanism. Online Examination is so popular because it provides quick feedback in evaluating examiners or candidates. An online examination system that can solve academic misconduct should be the main consideration that can reduce these behaviors to a certain extent. Online Examination has reduced the workload of teacher. The main aim of application is to avoid academic malpractice. The objective of the Application is to provide a system that could save the efforts and time of both the institutes and students. According to the teacher's requirements, test papers with a certain degree of difficulty, quantity and value can be automatically generated in this application. Users only need to register in the system to perform their own identity authentication to enter the test, and manage and maintain the exam questions, exams and user information. The content of the examination can be continuously enriched and improved by the corresponding teacher. It will have important practical significance to improve work efficiency.
WristDial: An Eyes-Free Integer-Value Input Method by Quantizing the Wrist Rotation

ABSTRACT Smartwatches are a convenient substitute for smartphones in hand-busy situations, but there is limited interactivity to one-handed use of wrist-worn devices. In this paper, we propose WristDial, a one-handed integer input technique which uses quantization of the angular distance of the wrist rotation with nonvisual feedback. Using tactile feedback, we present four techniques based on counting of tactile stimuli. With one of them, 94.44% average accuracy and 2.81 s average completion time were acquired in the task of entering a number from the range 1 to 10. We also evaluate the quantitative performance of the combination of interruptible speech and non-speech auditory feedback. Our results show that when speech feedback exists, adding a continuous change of pitch or clicking sound at the boundaries does not have a significant effect on the performance. Using only speech feedback, 95.47% accuracy and 1.45 s completion time were acquired.
Palatini double-well and Coleman-Weinberg potentials with non-minimal coupling

We present the impact of non-minimal coupling ξϕ2 R on the inflationary parameters by taking into account the models of single-field inflation with the inflaton that has a non-zero vacuum expectation value (v) after the period of inflation in Palatini gravity. We discuss the well-known symmetry-breaking type potentials, namely the double-well potential and Coleman-Weinberg potential. We show that the inflationary predictions, n s and r, of these potentials for both ϕ > v and ϕ < v inflation are compatible with the recent measurements within the regions of the v-ξ plane. Finally, we take into account the inflationary predictions of Coleman-Weinberg potential for selected ξ values as a function of v in the Palatini formalism.
Automated, in situ measurements of dissolved CO2, CH4, and δ13C values using cavity enhanced laser absorption spectrometry: Comparing response times of air‐water equilibrators

Combining air‐water equilibrators with a field deployable cavity enhanced laser absorption spectrometer (CELAS) can generate precise, high resolution, measurements of dissolved CO2 and CH4 concentrations and δ13C values in aquatic systems. However, equilibration response times for combined measurements of CO2 and CH4 isotopologues have not been assessed. We performed laboratory step experiments on six different equilibrators to constrain CO2 and CH4 equilibration time constants (τ; high‐to‐low exponential decay constant). Three equilibrator types were then used in field‐based step experiments to determine τ for the individual isotopologues 12CO2, 13CO2, 12CH4, and 13CH4. In the laboratory experiments, τ ranged from 34–124 s for CO2 and 117–2041 s for CH4 among the six equilibrators. The ratio between response times of CO2 and CH4 was substantially lower in the membrane type equilibrators (τ‐CH4 ∼5 times > τ‐CO2) than in the showerhead and marble types (τ‐CH4 ∼15 times > τ‐CO2). Individual isotopologue time constants under a water flow rate of ∼5.5 L min−1 ranged from 33.7–43.1 s for 12CO2 and 13CO2, and 177–347 s for 12CH4, and 13CH4. The τ of CO2 isotopologues were within 1 s while τ of CH4 isotopologues were the same. Further investigations into water flow rate revealed an exponential decrease in equilibration time from 1.5 L min−1 to 9 L min−1 in a marble‐type equilibrator. The response time was always longer from high‐to‐low than low‐to‐high concentrations. By taking into consideration the equilibration response time, measurements of CO2, CH4, δ13C‐CO2, and δ13C‐CH4 can be resolved in near real‐time using appropriate water‐air equilibration devices.
Development of Technological Capabilities through the Internet of Things (IoT): Survey of Opportunities and Barriers for IoT Implementation in Portugal’s Agro-Industry

The agro-industrial sector consumes a significant amount of natural resources for farming and meat production. By 2050, population growth is expected, generating more demand and, consequently, more consumption of scarce resources. This challenging scenario is a concern of the European Commission, revealed in the Green Deal commitment and by the United Nations’ 12th goal of sustainable development. Thus, organizations must increase productivity and be more sustainable as soon as possible. Internet of Things (IoT) is introduced as a solution to facilitate agro-food companies to be more eco-efficient, mainly facing difficulties on farms, such as food loss and waste, best efficiency in management of resources, and production. The deployment of this technology depends on the stage of maturity and potential of implementation. To assess and characterize companies, with respect of IoT implementation, a survey was applied in 21 micro, small and medium agro-food companies, belonging to milk, honey, olive oil, jams, fruticulture, bakery and pastry, meat, coffee, and wine sectors, in the central region of Portugal. As results, this paper reveals the stage of maturity, level of sophistication, potential, opportunities, solutions, and barriers for implementation of IoT. Additionally, suggestions and recommendations to improve practices are discussed.
Effects of Variable Responses to Climate Change on the Interactions of Migratory and Resident Birds in Europe

Long-distance migrants and residents may respond to large-scale climate change by advancing egg laying dates. It is expected that variation in changes in avian laying dates among similar species affects their interactions in an ecological community. By analyzing long-term trends of the mean laying dates (MLD) of pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis, and great tits Parus major across 25 study sites in Europe from five published studies, the paper uses two-tailed t tests to show that variable adjustments in laying dates in different species have different implications on their interactions across Europe. It is found that pied flycatcher advanced laying dates significantly faster compared to great tits in Central Europe, gaining advantage in their competition for nest holes. Additionally, the study shows that pied flycatcher and collared flycatcher potentially share smaller overlap in laying dates in their sympatric breeding ground in Northern Europe, which may decrease the occurrences of hybridization, whereas the trend reverses in Central Europe. The results highlight that geographical variations in phenological responses to climate change have complicated effects on interspecific interaction, a novel research field that lacks empirical results. The conclusions of this study provide potential directions for empirical studies of climate change in the future.
Effect of Small Amount of Water on CO2 Bubble Behavior in Ionic Liquid Systems

Adding a small amount of water to ionic liquids can greatly reduce the viscosities of ionic liquids, which is believed to be an effective and economical method to make ionic liquids being applied practically for carbon capture. However, how the water content influences the bubble behavior which is used to calculate transfer properties; this is important but has not been studied systematically. In this work, the rise and deformation of single CO2 bubbles in ionic liquids with different water contents were investigated using a high speed image pickup system. The results indicate that a small amount of water has a significant influence on the bubble behavior in ionic liquids. The viscosity plays a more important role in determining the bubble behavior than the surface tension. Two new empirical correlations verified by experimental data were proposed to predict bubble velocity and bubble diameter in different ionic liquid systems.
The protected area as a tourism eco-brand

Branding of the protected area plays an important role in the process of forming its attractiveness for the currently growing target market, focused on the consumption of environmental friendliness as an unconditional value. The results of literature review show that when the object of branding is a national nature park or any other nature protected object, intangible elements of the brand (affirmative opinions, beliefs and associations) must be based on the principle of eco-friendliness, and the tangible elements (logo, colours, design, semantic and visual effects) reflect this primary value. This is the so-called eco-brand which provides the ecological prerogative of the positioning object. The aim of this paper is to analyze the tangible and intangible components of Ukrainian national nature parks brands, their current market positioning, as well as the development of proposals for eco-brand formation of the national parks. The study tested text and visual content of Internet sites of Ukrainian national natural parks and analyzed their logos. As a result, most logos can be considered environmentally friendly due to their symbology and colours, but Internet sites are not customer and business oriented, and don’t reflect the national parks positioning. Based on a sample of 87 on‐ site visitor survey responses, two factors, the brand awareness and national parks attendance, were estimated. The brand awareness of Ukrainian national parks is critically small and directly depends on the brand awareness. The hiding place survey suggested that consumers do not identify national parks by logos and do not differentiate them well. The results of the survey of potential visitors were supported by the results of interviews with 8 ecotourism experts. Experts identified the current positioning for each national park, proposed changes in positioning based on the characteristics of the landscapes and hydrology, flora and fauna. Based on the findings of this study, the authors proposed a set of measures for the brand positioning of national parks within the framework of the eco-brand concept. The authors insist that the development of a national nature park in the concept of an eco-brand also means the introduction of environmental standards of landscape design, appropriate behaviour patterns and management approaches.
A Nonuniform Reference Voltage Optimization Based on Relative-Precision-Loss Ratios in MLC NAND Flash Memory

In Multi-Level-Cell (MLC) NAND flash memory, cell-to-cell interference (CCI) and retention time have become the main noise that degrades the data storage reliability. To mitigate such noise, a relative precision loss (RPL) nonuniform reference voltage sensing strategy is proposed in this paper. First, based on the NAND flash channel model with CCI and retention noise, we simulate the data storage process of MLC NAND flash by Monte Carlo method, and find that the threshold-voltage of each disturbed storage state shows approximately to be Gaussian distributed. Then, by Gaussian approximation, the distribution of threshold voltage can be estimated easily in mathematics with a little loss. Second, we introduce a concept of log-likelihood ratio (LLR)-based RPL ratio to determine the dominating overlap regions, and then propose a new nonuniform reference voltage sensing strategy. This strategy does not only reduce the memory sensing precision (i.e., the number of reference voltages), but also maintains the reliability of the soft information of NAND flash memory channel output for soft decoding. Third, we implement extensive simulations to verify the performance of the new nonuniform sensing strategy. The BER performances of LDPC codes for different sensing strategies are provided to show that the proposed LLR-based RPL-nonuniform sensing strategy can make a good compromise between memory sensing latency and error-correction performance.