Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construct Validity And Reliability Of Outdoor Education Evaluation Instrument

This research aims to obtain the validity and reliability of a survey instrument to evaluate outdoor education. It is a surve y which is divided into three components namely first; st rategic knowledge, second; efficient behaviour and third; affective. Development of the survey instrument is based on Tennessee Self Concept Questionnaire, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), Participant Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ), Cooper Smith Inventory, Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) and Outdoor Education Manual (MPL). There are 95 items prepared based on the five -point Likert scale which were tested at the pilot test level. It involved 100 research subjects aged between 15 and 16 years old who were selected based on purposive random sampling. In addition, the research method applied is in the form of pre-experimental one group pre-test–post-test. Results of the analysis showed that overall field expert validity is r = . 89 and language expert validity is r = . 90, while the Cronbach alpha reliability correlation value of outdoor education instrument evaluation survey is r = . 89. Next, this survey was tested again for construct validity using the factor analysis method for statistical ana lysis which would validate each item tested was supposed to be in the right component. From the analysis, results show that Bartlett’s test is significant p < . 05 and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index range is r = . 62. 81.16 percent variant is explained from 18 components which have been analyzed with more than one eigenvalue. 51 survey items are produced out of 95 items of the survey based on this factor analysis method. Research has shown that the survey instrument developed is valid and reliable to be used fo r Sabah’s Co-curricular Centre.
Exploring online reviews for user experience modeling

In the market-driven design paradigm which aims to serve customers with attractive user experience (UX), one of the important stages is to understand customerâs feelings about products. Traditional techniques like questionnaire remain important approaches to collect data for UX analysis. However, the data captured are often limited and incremental costs are needed to acquire userâs changeable experiences over time. In addition, with the wide use of social software, customers have generated increasing amount of online reviews to share their opinions. In this paper, we aim to investigate whether online reviews are suitable data sources for UX analysis and how useful reviews can be surfaced. Firstly, by considering UX elements and data processing, a faceted-based UX model is proposed. We then measure review content from several aspects, such as richness and diversity, and propose scoring methods to identify useful reviews. Using Amazon reviews as research data, we have reported our experiments on issues like a brief example of useful reviews suggested by the proposed methods, situation-based features concerned by customers and some key product features generated from reviews.
Civil society at the turn of the millenium: prospects for an alternative world order

The meaning of ‘civil society’ has evolved considerably since its use in the context of the 18th century European Enlightenment. Then it signified the realm of private interests, in practice the realm of the bourgeoisie, distinct from the state. While one current of thought retains that meaning and its implications, others view civil society rather as the emancipatory activity of social forces distinct from both state and capital. Antonio Gramsci's thought embraced both meanings: civil society was the ground that sustained the hegemony of the bourgeoisie but also that on which an emancipatory counterhegemony could be constructed. Is civil society today in the latter sense, a surrogate for revolution that seems a remote possibility towards the attainment of an alternative social and world order? It is useful to test this proposition by examining the potential for civil society in different parts of the world.
An Investigative Study on the Chemical, Morphological and Mineralogical Alterations of Dry Disposed Fly Ash During Sequential Chemical Extraction

The hazardous elements associated with various physicochemical forms in coal fly ash are of environmental concern due to their leaching potential and subsequent contamination of surface and groundwater in the vicinity of the ash dump. Selective sequential extraction was performed on dry disposed fly ash samples from a coal-fired power station in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. The alteration of the chemical, morphological and mineralogical species of weathered fly ash during the selective sequential extraction was investigated using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Nano-scan electron microscopy (NANOSEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Insoluble residue from the water-soluble fraction is composed of amorphous alumino-silicate. The residues from exchangeable carbonate and Fe and Mn fractions consisted mostly of amorphous alumino-silicate spheres with a lesser quantity of iron-rich spheres. The iron-rich spheres are surrounded by amorphous alumino-silicate spheres. The leaching behavior of trace metals (such as Ce, Y, Nb, Rb, U, and Tl) in weathered dry disposed fly ash was considered to have a dependency relationship with the components of SiO 2 , CaO, MgO, P 2 O 5 , and amount of unburned carbon. The decrease in the quantities of calcite with successive extraction could be considered as a marker of progress of sequential extraction technique. At the same time, the increase in the quantities of quartz could be also considered as an indicator of progress of the sequential extraction scheme. Trace elements bound to exchangeable or carbonate fraction during sequential chemical extraction were found associated with calcite. The elemental concentrations, as determined by electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), were consistent with XRF and XRD data. Therefore, the chemical extractant used in this study proved efficient for extraction of inorganic metals associated with various physicochemical forms in weathered fly ash. Key words: Coal fly ash; Selective sequential extraction; Major components; Trace elements; Morphology; Mineralogical composition
Comparison Standards and New Areas of their Use in Decision Making

Proposed are two decision-making technologies based on the use of comparison standards: one for optimal strategies in cooperative n-person games determination, the other – for summarizing the results of voting. The first one is an alternative to the use of guaranteeing strategies whereas the second approach can be an alternative to the use of traditional technologies, selecting winner by relative or absolute majority. The main provisions of the proposed approach are illustrated by examples.
Protection of the Vascular Wall

If one accepts that arterial glycocalyx dysfunction is the first step in the atherothrombotic process, screening of asymptomatic subjects could detect this change. Measurement of the arterial dilatation in response to increased arterial flow (FMD) is widely used in research and would seem to be a possible general non-invasive screening test in humans. Once there has been a break-down of this first line of protection, the second step in the atherothrombotic process might be effectively detected by measurement of blood platelet-platelet and platelet-leukocyte aggregates. While there is no clear treatment to counteract the first step other than exercise programmes, there is evidence to suggest that effective treatment of the second step could be achieved using 5HT2A antagonism.
Alloimmune thrombocytopenia associated with neutropenia in a 8-week old boy – a case report**

1Department of Pediatrics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw Head of Department: prof. Teresa Jackowska, MD, PhD 2Department of Pediatrics, Father Jerzy Popiełuszko "Bielański" Hospital, Independent Public Health Care Institution in Warsaw Head of Department: prof. Teresa Jackowska, MD, PhD 3Ambulatory Hematological Care for Children, Father Jerzy Popiełuszko “Bielański” Hospital, Independent Public Health Care Institution in Warsaw Head of Ambulatory: Włodzimierz Borowski, MD
Electoral Competition Amongst Citizen-Candidates and Downsian Politicians

In this paper we study a model of political competition where citizens vote sincerely and candidates may be either citizens or Downsian politicians. The model extends the citizen-candidate model proposed by Osborne and Slivinski [1996] by including Downsian politicians similar to those studied by Osborne [1993]. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for existence, together with complete characterisation, of one party and two party Nash equilibria in our model. An important feature, in view of the Duverger's Law, of the two-party equilibrium is that these equilibria cannot have any Downsian contestant. Moreover, we compare our model with that studied by Osborne and Slivinski [1996], showing that in both cases there exist po- litical configurations that can appear in one of the models only. We show also that in our settings it is possible to have Nash equilibria with Downsian candidates, without requiring to have very restrictive constraints on the dis- tribution function. We also argue that as the number of parties in equilibrium increases, the `likelihood' of an ideology driven citizen-candidate winning the elections and running the government falls. Finally we argue that in any equilibrium extremist parties proposing their policies uniquely are typically ideology-driven as well.
Private News and Monetary Policy Forward Guidance or (the Expected Virtue of Ignorance)

How should monetary policy be designed when the central bank has private information about future economic conditions? When private news about shocks to future fundamentals is added to an otherwise standard new Keynesian model, social welfare deteriorates by the central bank’s reaction to or revelation of such news. There exists an expected virtue of ignorance, and secrecy constitutes optimal policy. This result holds when news are about cost-push shocks, or about shocks to the monetary policy objective, or about shocks to the natural rate of interest, and even when the zero lower bound of nominal interest rates is taken into account. A lesson of our analysis for a central bank’s communication strategy is that Delphic forward guidance that helps the private sector form more accurate forecasts of future shocks can be undesirable and the central bank should instead aim to communicate its state-contingent policy.
A Quantitative Assessment of Comprehensive Ecological Risk for a Loess Erosion Gully: A Case Study of Dujiashi Gully, Northern Shaanxi Province, China

As a tool that can effectively support ecosystem management, ecological risk assessment is closely related to the sustainable development of ecosystems and human well-being and has become an active area of research in ecology, geography and other disciplines. Taking Dujiashi Gully for the study of gully loess erosion, a comprehensive risk assessment system for identifying risk probability, sensitivity and impairment was established. The spatial distribution of comprehensive ecological risk was analyzed, the ecological risk management categories were simultaneously delineated based on the risk dominant factor and the risk management strategies were formulated in loess regions. The results were as follows: (1) the spatial differences in comprehensive ecological risk were significantly different in the research area. The regions with extremely high and high risk were mainly located in gully areas and secondary erosion gullies, which are in 28.02% of study area. The extremely low-risk areas covered 1/3 of the study area and were mainly distributed to the northwest and south of the study area, where hills are widely spaced. (2) The combined analysis of ecological risk and terrain found that the elevation decreased first and then rose but the comprehensive ecological risk increased first and then decreased from north to south. Comprehensive ecological risk and terrain generally showed an inverse relationship. (3) The study area was divided into four types of risk management categories. Risk monitoring zones, habitat recovery zones, monitoring and recovery zones and natural regulation zones encompass 14.84%, 12.44%, 26.47% and 46.25% of the study area, respectively. According to four types of risk management categories, different risk reduction measures were designed to improve regional sustainable development capacity. Risk identification and risk management categories based on comprehensive ecological risk model can design a sustainable development path for social ecosystem and local farmers and provide a method for sustainable development for similar gully landscapes.
Weighted estimates for Beltrami equations

We obtain a priori estimates in $L^p(\omega)$ for the generalized Beltrami equation, provided that the coefficients are compactly supported $VMO$ functions with the expected ellipticity condition, and the weight $\omega$ lies in the Muckenhoupt class $A_p$. As an application, we obtain improved regularity for the jacobian of certain quasiconformal mappings.
Problem-Based Learning: a Time to Reflect and Remediate

Purpose: Problem Based Learning (PBL) has become a widely accepted learning method due to its student-centred philosophy and non-didactic nature. While there are recognized benefits of PBL, there is equal concern about the problems which arise during execution. After several cycles of implementation or reviews, schools should be able to determine whether PBL is effective for their institution, if not, it may be useful to reflect on the challenges and consider remediation. Methods: The rationalization for this motion is discussed based on the status of PBL in medical education, the various types of PBL, the problem cases, cultural contexts, facilitators’ skills, learning spaces and alternative teaching and learning methods. Results and Conclusion: We conclude that educational strategies may be relooked and redesigned consistently to best suit the purpose. We do not suggest that all schools drop PBL, however, it is worthwhile to consider remediation or alternatives, if PBL is found to not effectively achieve the learning outcomes. The principles of constructive, contextual, collaborative and self-directed learning should continue to be the foundation for devising such educational strategies.
Encountering parents of a sick newborn child When nurses encounter parents with a sick newborn child , it is vital that they see them as individuals and establish a relationship based on empathy

Results: When meeting the parents, the informants described it as crucial to establish a relationship based on empathy, to see the individual parent, to facilitate the mutual exchange of information and to foster parents’ sense of coping. When these aspects were present, the informants experienced a good encounter and conversation with the parents, but if these aspects not were present, the encounters and conversations were described as less successful.
Applying Markov decision processes to 2D real time games

This paper presents the outcomes of a research project into the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer game AI. The project considered the problem of applying AI techniques to computer games. Current commercial computer games tend to use complex scripts to control AI opponents. This can result in poor and predictable gameplay. The use of academic AI techniques is a possible solution to overcome these shortcomings. This paper describes the process of applying Markov decision processes (MDPs) using the value iteration algorithm to a 2D real time computer game. We also introduce a new stopping criterion for value iteration, which has been designed for use in computer games and we discuss results from experiments conducted on the MDPs AI engine. This paper also outlines conclusions about how successful MDPs are in relation to a real computer game AI engine and how useful they might be to computer games developers.
PLANT GROWTH OF CURLY KALE UNDER SALINITY STRESS

Ornamental plants growing in urban areas are exposed to soil salinity that negatively affects their quality. Identifying species that retain high ornamental value despite salt stress is therefore of high practical importance. Curly kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.) is an attractive plant with leaves of both edible and ornamental character. The aim of the study was to evaluate a response of ornamental curly kale to different concentrations of NaCl. The study material was ‘Scarlet’ cultivar. The plants were grown in pots in a plastic tunnel. They were irrigated with NaCl solution at the following concentrations: 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mM mmol ·dm-3. NaCl treatment resulted in a significant increase in pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the substrate. Salt stress significantly affected plant growth and number, width and length of leaves, and the effects depended on NaCl concentration. Fifteen days after the salt supply ceased, relative chlorophyll content in leaves (SPAD) decreased due to NaCl treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatments with 200, 400, and 800 mmol·dm-3 NaCl reduced stomatal conductance, and the changes were greater on the 5th day following the stress cessation than on the 15th day. Irrigation with a 200, 400, and 800 mmol·dm-3 NaCl solution negatively affected plant bonitation score. The plants treated with 50 i 100 mmol·dm-3 NaCl were not significantly different visual score from the control plants.
Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases in hepatocellular carcinoma

Das hepatozellulare Karzinom (HCC) gehort weltweit zu den haufigsten Krebs-Todesursachen mit ansteigender Inzidenz in den westlichen Landern. Durch fehlende Screening Methoden werden die meisten Patienten mit fortgeschrittener oder inoperabler Erkrankung diagnostiziert. Auch die therapeutischen Behandlungen von HCC Patienten fuhren nur zu einer 5-Jahres Uberlebensrate von 7%. Zusatzlich entwickeln die meisten Patienten Resistenzen gegen gangige Chemotherapeutika. Daher gibt es einen dringenden Bedarf nach neuen Therapieoptionen. In dieser Studie wurde das therapeutische Potential von zwei neuen Cyclin-abhangigen Kinase (CDK) Inhibitoren, genannt BA-12 und BP-14, als Therapiemoglichkeit fur Leberkrebs evaluiert. Die Untersuchungen zeigten starke zytotoxische Effekte von BA-12 und BP-14 auf HCC Zelllinien und eine effiziente Hemmung von CDK1, CDK2, CDK5, CDK7 und CDK9. Durch diese Inhibition kommt es zu einer verminderten Klonogenitat durch Induktion eines Zellzyklusarrestes in S/G2 und G2/M Phasen und durch Induktion von Apoptose in den HCC Zelllinien. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigen primare Hepatozyten keinen Zellzyklusarrest oder Apoptose. Nach einer Langzeitbehandlung von HCC Zelllinien mit den CDK-Inhibitoren konnte keine verminderte Chemosensitivitat festgestellt werden. Weiters wurde beobachtet, dass die Behandlung von humanen xenotransplantierten HCC Zellen das Tumorwachstum mit BA-12 und BP-14 signifikant hemmen. Auserdem konnte gezeigt werden, dass BA-12 und BP-14 das Tumorwachstum in Diethylnitrosamin-induzierten Hepatomen reduziert. Zusammenfassend zeigen diese Resultate eindeutig, dass BA-12 und BP14 starke anti-krebserzeugende Effekte bewirken und dabei keine Chemoresistenz auslosen. BA-12 und BP-14 konnte folglich den derzeitig verwendeten Chemotherapeutika uberlegen sein und eine vielversprechende Alternative zu den vorhandenen Therapieoptionen darstellen.
Review On Aircraft Security Monitoring System

Passengers in aircraft must need high security. The incidents like aircraft hijacking or crash happens. To avoid these events, some security measures can be taken. Such type of three security measures are studied and compared here and among them, an efficient aircraft security method is identified. In first method, which is one of the old security measures, the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system is used to ensure security. Here the air- craft network is constantly monitored and checked for hacking is done. It is done through Network Activity Monitoring Tool, which is an Intrusion Detec- tion System. So this method can prevent the attacks from hackers and virtual hijacking. In the second method, the implementation of a Smart Video Surveillance System (SVSS) is used. The video system is installed at the cockpit of the aircraft. In the video system, face recognition system is estab- lished. If anyone other than pilot entered in to the room, the system send emergency signals to the ground station. The SVSS architecture is also much simple than the previous method. The final method is the latest and one of the best aircraft security monitoring system. This system is invented and used in China. The security of aircraft and key agreement scheme is joined together to attain more security. The key agreement scheme authenticates the aircraft and airport software, so that to ensure either side is secure. The aircraft side makes high security by applying biometric systems so that only the pilots can fly the aircraft. Also there is secret video surveillance of passengers to ensure no passenger is a hijacker. This reviewwill provide a basic idea about aircraft security and it will be helpful for the future researches.
Magnetic properties of dipolar interacting single-domain particles

The remanence and coercivity of an assembly of single-domain ferromagnetic particles are studied using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The particles have random locations, possess random uniaxial anisotropy, and are coupled through dipolar interactions. The dependence of the magnetic properties on the packing density, the size of the particles, and the temperature are examined systematically. The role of the packing geometry ~sc, fcc! and the sample boundaries are discussed. Dipolar interactions are shown to reduce the coercivity with respect to values for the noninteracting assembly in all cases except for strongly dipolar systems below the percolation threshold. An enhancement of the remanence is found in weakly dipolar systems and is attributed to the macroscopic Lorentz field. The fcc packing of the particles leads to more pronounced ferromagnetic behavior than the sc packing. The sample free boundaries and the corresponding demagnetizing field have a strong effect on the remanence of the assembly while they produce a minor reduction to the coercivity. The results from the simulations are compared with magnetic measurements on frozen ferrofluids and granular metal solids. @S0163-1829~98! 03241-X#