Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A conditional version of the second fundamental theorem of asset pricing in discrete time

We consider a financial market in discrete time and study pricing and hedging conditional on the information available up to an arbitrary point in time. In this conditional framework, we determine the structure of arbitrage-free prices. Moreover, we characterize attainability and market completeness. We derive a conditional version of the second fundamental theorem of asset pricing, which, surprisingly, is not available up to now. The main tool we use are time consistency properties of dynamic nonlinear expectations, which we apply to the super- and subhedging prices. The results obtained extend existing results in the literature, where the conditional setting is considered in most cases only on finite probability spaces.
Development and Validation of a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Fingerprint Method for the Evaluation of QiYi Capsules with the Reference of Myotonin

The newly developed high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method allowed for the differentiation of QiYi capsules from 10 batches due to their characteristic fingerprints, proving to be a well-suited method for characterization and assignment of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preparation. The method was validated for repeatability, intra-precision, and inter-precision. The result was acceptable, with the reference of myotonin, because relative standard deviation (% RSD) was 3.9% in reproducibility test and less than 3.44% in inter- or intra-plate precisions. HPTLC fingerprinting of the extracts showed several peaks with different RF values. Eleven peaks were selected as the common peaks to evaluate the similarities of 10 different samples with RF values ranging from 0.10 to 0.87 according to fingerprint. The similarities of 10 batches of QiYi capsules were more than 0.940; it indicated that the different batches of QiYi capsules were stable and reliable in quality.
Multiplicity of solutions for a scalar field equation involving a fractional
 p
 -Laplacian with general nonlinearity

We investigate the existence of infinitely many radially symmetric solutions to the following problem $$(-\Delta_p)^s u=g(u) \ \ \textrm{ in } \ \ \mathbb{R}^N, \ \ u\in W^{s,p}(\mathbb{R}^N),$$ where $s\in (0,1)$, $2 \leq p<\infty$, $sp \leq N $, $2 \leq N \in \mathbb{N}$ and $(-\Delta_p)^s$ is the fractional $p$-Laplacian operator. We treat both of cases $sp=N$ and $sp<N. $ The nonlinearity $g$ is a function of Berestycki-Lions type with critical exponential growth if $sp=N$ and critical polynomial growth if $sp<N$. We also prove the existence of a ground state solution for the same problem.
Markov Models for the Tipsy Cop and Robber Game on Graph

In this paper we analyze and model three open problems posed by Harris, Insko, Prieto-Langarica, Stoisavljevic, and Sullivan in 2020 concerning the tipsy cop and robber game on graphs. The three different scenarios we model account for different biological scenarios. The first scenario is when the cop and robber have a consistent tipsiness level though the duration of the game; the second is when the cop and robber sober up as a function of time; the third is when the cop and robber sober up as a function of the distance between them. Using Markov chains to model each scenario we calculate the probability of a game persisting through $\mathbf{M}$ rounds of the game and the expected game length given different starting positions and tipsiness levels for the cop and robber.
Supported Gold Catalysts Prepared from a Gold Phosphine Precursor and As-Precipitated Metal-Hydroxide Precursors: Effect of Preparation Conditions on the Catalytic Performance

Supported gold catalysts highly active for low-temperature CO oxidation were prepared by using AuPPh3NO3 complex as a Au-metal precursor and wet as-precipitated iron hydroxide and titanium hydroxide as support precursors. Effects of catalyst preparation conditions on the performance for low-temperature CO oxidation were studied. Metal-hydroxide precipitation conditions and heating rates of temperature-programmed calcination altered significantly the performance of the supported gold catalysts. To elucidate key factors responsible for the effects the catalysts were characterized by EXAFS, TEM, XRD, and N2 adsorption. Changes in the activities of both Au/Fe oxide and Au/Ti oxide catalysts originated mainly from changes of the Au particle size distribution. It was also found that states of the mesoporous support precursors upon attaching the Au precursor onto them and during the temperature-programmed calcination appeared to be of great importance in obtaining dispersed Au nanoparticles on oxide surfaces.
De‐Emulsification of complex petroleum emulsions by use of microbial biomass

It has been demonstrated in this laboratory that specific organisms are capable of breaking both o/w and w/o petroleum derived emulsions. Specific bacteria have been selected and have been tested on model (kerosene/water) and on complex field emulsions obtained during enhanced oil recovery trials (w/o) and in tar sands extraction process (o/w). More recent studies involve the use of microbial biomass (sludge) from municipal and refinery waste water treatment processes as the de-emulsifying agents for treatment of these emulsions. The results indicate that either pure microbial cultures or microbial waste biomass can be used to efficiently break industrial emulsions. This approach is a novel application and is a promising alternative to use of chemically synthesized industrial de-emulsifying agents.
All Gelatin Networks: 2. The Master Curve for Elasticity†

The rheological properties of gelatin gels from various sources (fish and mammalian) were followed in the course of the sol−gel transition and during gel maturation, by performing dynamic measurements under very small deformations. Different concentrations and molecular weights were investigated. The solvent was mainly water, but mixed solvents containing water and glycerol were also considered. Blends of gelatins from fish and mammalian in aqueous solutions were prepared and rheologically characterized. A systematic comparison was established between these measurements and those presented in paper 1 of the series. The comparison between the storage modulus and the concentration of helices leads to a master curve valid for all the samples investigated. This master curve is analyzed in terms of the percolation regime, near the threshold and in terms of a homogeneous network far from the threshold. In the percolation regime, a critical exponent of 2 is found for the storage modulus versus the distance to th.
Towards advancing scientific knowledge of climate change impacts on short-duration rainfall extremes

A large number of recent studies have aimed at understanding short-duration rainfall extremes, due to their impacts on flash floods, landslides and debris flows and potential for these to worsen with global warming. This has been led in a concerted international effort by the INTENSE Crosscutting Project of the GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Exchanges) Hydroclimatology Panel. Here, we summarize the main findings so far and suggest future directions for research, including: the benefits of convection-permitting climate modelling; towards understanding mechanisms of change; the usefulness of temperature-scaling relations; towards detecting and attributing extreme rainfall change; and the need for international coordination and collaboration. Evidence suggests that the intensity of long-duration (1 day+) heavy precipitation increases with climate warming close to the Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) rate (6–7% K−1), although large-scale circulation changes affect this response regionally. However, rare events can scale at higher rates, and localized heavy short-duration (hourly and sub-hourly) intensities can respond more strongly (e.g. 2 × CC instead of CC). Day-to-day scaling of short-duration intensities supports a higher scaling, with mechanisms proposed for this related to local-scale dynamics of convective storms, but its relevance to climate change is not clear. Uncertainty in changes to precipitation extremes remains and is influenced by many factors, including large-scale circulation, convective storm dynamics andstratification. Despite this, recent research has increased confidence in both the detectability and understanding of changes in various aspects of intense short-duration rainfall. To make further progress, the international coordination of datasets, model experiments and evaluations will be required, with consistent and standardized comparison methods and metrics, and recommendations are made for these frameworks. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes and implications for flash flood risks’.
Review: Can temperature be used to inform changes to flood extremes with global warming?

As climate change alters flood risk, there is a need to project changes in flooding for water resource management, infrastructure design and planning. The use of observed temperature relationships for informing changes in hydrologic extremes takes many forms, from simple proportional change approaches to conditioning stochastic rainfall generation on observed temperatures. Although generally focused on understanding changes to precipitation, there is an implied transfer of information gained from precipitation-temperature sensitivities to flooding as extreme precipitation is often responsible for flooding. While reviews of precipitation-temperature sensitivities and the non-stationarity of flooding exist, little attention has been given to the intersection of these two topics. Models which use temperature as a covariate to assess the non-stationarity of extreme precipitation outperform both stationary models and those using a temporal trend as a covariate. But care must be taken when projecting changes in flooding on the basis on precipitation-temperature sensitivities, as antecedent conditions modify the runoff response. Although good agreement is found between peak flow-temperature sensitivities and historical trends across Australia, there remains little evaluation of flood projections using temperature sensitivities globally. Significant work needs to be done before the use of temperature as a covariate for flood projection can be adopted with confidence. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes and implications for flash flood risks’.
Using high-resolution climate change information in water management: a decision-makers' perspective

The UK Climate Change Act requires the Environment Agency to report the risks it faces from climate change and actions taken to address these. Derived information from projections is critical to understanding likely impacts in water management. In 2019, the UK published an ensemble of high-resolution model simulations. The UKCP Local (2.2 km) projections can resolve smaller scale physical processes that determine rainfall and other variables at subdaily time-scales with the potential to provide new insights into extreme events, storm runoff and drainage management. However, simulations also need to inform adaptation. The challenge ahead is to identify and provide derived products without the need for further analysis by decision-makers. These include a wider evaluation of uncertainty, narratives about rainfall change across the projections and bias-corrected datasets. Future flood maps, peak rainfall estimates, uplift factors and future design storm profiles also need detailed guidance to support their use. Central government support is justified in the provision of up-to-date impacts information to inform flood risk management, given the large risks and exposure of all sectors. The further development of projections would benefit from greater focus and earlier scoping with industry representatives, operational tool developers and end users. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes and implications for flash flood risks’.
Application of FT-NIR-DR and FT-IR-ATR spectroscopy to estimate the chemical composition of bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis Keng)

Abstract Neosinocalamus affinis Keng is widely grown in south-western China for pulp and paper production. Rapid assessment of the chemical properties of N. affinis is necessary for both bamboo breeding and industrial utilization. This study was performed to investigate the abilities of Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy in the diffuse reflectance mode (FT-NIR-DR) and Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FT-IR-ATR) spectroscopy to predict the contents of holocellulose, α-cellulose, Klason lignin, and NaOH extractives in N. affinis. Partial least squares regression models based on the raw and preprocessed spectra, including multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and Savitzky-Golay 1st and 2nd derivative spectra, were developed for the chemical components of bamboo. The NIR-based calibrations displayed better performance than those using FT-IR-ATR spectra. The best calibrations developed by both methods for properties all had satisfactory correlations, with coefficient of determination (R2 c) values ranging from 0.81 (Klason lignin by FT-IR and MSC) to 0.98 (α-cellulose by FT-NIR and 2nd derivative), and root mean standard error of calibration between 0.50 and 1.47%. When applied to prediction sets, the correlations were good, with R2 p above 0.68. The results demonstrate that both spectroscopic methods, combined with chemometric strategies, could rapidly predict the chemical composition of bamboo.
Antimicrobial, antioxidant and calcium channel blocking activities of Amberboa divaricata

Traditional healers in Pakistan use the herb Amberboa divaricata as tonic, aperiant, deobstruent, febrifuge, anti-diarrheal, antiperiodic, antipyretic, anti-cough and in skin disorders. In vitro tissue experiments were carried out on rabbit jejunum to elucidate the possible mechanism of its prescribed effects on gastrointestinal tract, while antibacterial and antioxidant experiments were performed to provide pharmacological evidence of its traditional use in skin disorders. The 70%methanolic crude extract of A. divaricata produced dose dependent relaxation in isolated rabbit jejunum tissue in a concentration range of 0.1–3.0 mg/mL (n=5). Calcium response curves were constructed at concen-tration of 0.03 and 0.1 mg/mL (n=5), which produced rightward shift in a pattern similar to that of verapamil, confirming the calcium channel blocking activity. Agar disc diffusion assay at a concentration of 10 mg crude extract/disc showed clear zones of inhibition. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjp.v9i1. 16989 Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2014; 9: 29-36
Sleeping Well: The Gateway to Employee Wellness

Our study of 419 white-collar professionals and 275 rotating shift workers indicates that 79.2 per cent of the white-collar participants and 11 per cent of the rotating shift workers endured poor sleep quality. Forty-eight per cent of white-collar participants and 18 per cent of the shift workers reported suffering from excessive daytime sleepiness. Poor sleep quality has been associated with obesity, hypertension, diabetes and a host of other adverse health outcomes including poor mental health. Studies show that among organisations offering lifestyle management programme as part of their employee wellness programmes, the most targeted behaviours encompass nutrition/weight control activities (79%), smoking (77%) and fitness (72%). However, there is hardly any organisation that offers a well-planned intervention to promote healthy sleep behaviour. Sleep appears to represent a neglected dominion of health behaviour in terms of employee wellness. If sleep health and wellness programmes are endorsed in the workplace, there are several positive outcomes such as productivity enhancement, less work injury, increasing employee satisfaction, good physical and mental health that are likely to supervene, all of which generate a better working environment.
‘Ruined’ lives: Mediated white male victimhood

When the hashtag #metoo began to circulate in digital and social media, it challenged a familiar interpretation of those who are raped or sexually harassed as victims, positioning women as embodied agents. Yet, almost exactly a year after the #metoo movement shot to visible prominence, a different, though eerily similar, story began to circulate on the same multi-media platforms as #metoo: a story about white male victimhood. Powerful men in positions of privilege (almost always white) began to take up the mantle of victimhood as their own, often claiming to be victims of false accusations of sexual harassment and assault by women. Through the analysis of five public statements by highly visible, powerful men who have been accused of sexual violence, I argue that the discourse of victimhood is appropriated not by those who have historically suffered but by those in positions of patriarchal power. Almost all of the statements contain some sentiment about how the accusation (occasionally acknowledging the actual violence) ‘ruined their life’, and all of the statements analyzed here center the author, the accused white man, as the key subject in peril and the authors position themselves as truth-tellers about the incidents. These statements underscore certain shifts in the public perception of sexual violence; the very success of the #metoo movement in shifting the narrative has meant that men have had to defend themselves more explicitly in public. In order to wrestle back a hegemonic gender stability, these men take on the mantle of victimhood themselves.
Attitude Toward Protective Behavior Engagement During COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia: The Role of E-government and Social Media

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still evolving and affecting millions of lives. E-government and social media have been used widely during this unprecedented time to spread awareness and educate the public on preventive measures. However, the extent to which the 2 digital platforms bring to improve public health awareness and prevention during a health crisis is unknown. In this study, we examined the influence of e-government and social media on the public's attitude to adopt protective behavior. For this purpose, a Web survey was conducted among 404 Malaysian residents during the Recovery Movement Control Order (RMCO) period in the country. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS software. Social media was chosen by most of the respondents (n = 331 or 81.9%) as the source to get information related to COVID-19. Multiple regression analysis suggests the roles of e-government and social media to be significantly related to people's attitudes to engage in protective behavior. In conclusion, during the COVID-19 outbreak, public health decision makers may use e-government and social media platforms as effective tools to improve public engagement on protective behavior. This, in turn, will help the country to contain the transmission of the virus.
Dispersion and repulsion contributions to the solvation energy: Refinements to a simple computational model in the continuum approximation

A computational method for the evaluation of dispersion and repulsion contributions to the solvation energy is here presented in a formulation which makes use of a continuous distribution of the solvent, without introducing additional assumptions (e.g., local isotropy in the solvent distribution). The analysis is addressed to compare the relative importance of the various components of the dispersion energy (n = 6, 8, 10) and of the repulsion term, to compare several molecular indicators (molecular surface and volume, number of electrons) which may be put in relation to the dispersion‐repulsion energy, and to define simplified computational strategies. The numerical examples refer to saturated hydrocarbons in water, treated with the homogeneous approximation of the distribution function which for this type of solution appears to be acceptable.
Beyond the tip of the iceberg: a qualitative sentiment analysis of YouTube viewers’ emotional valence toward older adults auditioning in worldwide Got Talent®

ABSTRACT With the growing popularity of unobtrusive research methods vis-à-vis the unprecedented increase of user-generated content (UGC), this investigation purports to populate the knowledge base on the emerging field of gerontalentology introduced by de Guzman, Mesana and Roman in 2020. Specifically, a qualitative sentiment analysis (QSA) was performed on social media expressions (n = 10,056) that were extracted from top-viewed YouTube videos (n = 12) via Data Miner, involving older adults auditioning in Got Talent®. The intensity of emotions or sentiments of online viewers was examined through with-in and cross-case analyses of posted comments. The process of constant comparison of field texts afforded the emergence of distinct and interesting depreciative, inspirative, appreciative, and emulative spaces that typify how older adults and their showcase of talents are individually and collectively viewed by the global audience. Implications of the study to promoting intergenerational contact of younger adults with older adults and the promises of gerontalentogical studies are also discussed in this paper.
Parametric PGD model used with orthogonal polynomials to assess efficiently the building's envelope thermal performance

ABSTRACT Estimating the temperature field of a building envelope could be a time-consuming task. The use of a reduced-order method is then proposed: the Proper Generalized Decomposition method. The solution of the transient heat equation is then re-written as a function of its parameters: the boundary conditions, the initial condition, etc. To avoid a tremendous number of parameters, the initial condition is parameterized. This is usually done by using the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition method to provide an optimal basis. Building this basis requires data and a learning strategy. As an alternative, the use of orthogonal polynomials (Chebyshev, Legendre) is here proposed. Highlights Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials are used to approximate the initial condition Performance of Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials are compared to the POD basis Each basis combined with the PGD model is compared to laboratory measurements The influence of four different parameters on the accuracy of the basis is studied For each approximation basis, CPU calculation times are evaluated and compared
Targeting Nitrogen Metabolism and Transport Processes to Improve Plant Nitrogen Use Efficiency

In agricultural cropping systems, relatively large amounts of nitrogen (N) are applied for plant growth and development, and to achieve high yields. However, with increasing N application, plant N use efficiency generally decreases, which results in losses of N into the environment and subsequently detrimental consequences for both ecosystems and human health. A strategy for reducing N input and environmental losses while maintaining or increasing plant performance is the development of crops that effectively obtain, distribute, and utilize the available N. Generally, N is acquired from the soil in the inorganic forms of nitrate or ammonium and assimilated in roots or leaves as amino acids. The amino acids may be used within the source organs, but they are also the principal N compounds transported from source to sink in support of metabolism and growth. N uptake, synthesis of amino acids, and their partitioning within sources and toward sinks, as well as N utilization within sinks represent potential bottlenecks in the effective use of N for vegetative and reproductive growth. This review addresses recent discoveries in N metabolism and transport and their relevance for improving N use efficiency under high and low N conditions.