Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open Reading Frames Carried on UL/b′ Are Implicated in Shedding and Horizontal Transmission of Rhesus Cytomegalovirus in Rhesus Monkeys

ABSTRACT Implicit with the use of animal models to test human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vaccines is the assumption that the viral challenge of vaccinated animals reflects the anticipated virus-host interactions following exposure of vaccinated humans to HCMV. Variables of animal vaccine studies include the route of exposure to and the titer of challenge virus, as well as the genomic coding content of the challenge virus. This study was initiated to provide a better context for conducting vaccine trials with nonhuman primates by determining whether the in vivo phenotype of culture-passaged strains of rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) is comparable to that of wild-type RhCMV (RhCMV-WT), particularly in relation to the shedding of virus into bodily fluids and the potential for horizontal transmission. Results of this study demonstrate that two strains containing a full-length UL/b′ region of the RhCMV genome, which encodes proteins involved in epithelial tropism and immune evasion, were persistently shed in large amounts in bodily fluids and horizontally transmitted, whereas a strain lacking a complete UL/b′ region was not shed or transmitted to cagemates. Shedding patterns exhibited by strains encoding a complete UL/b′ region were consistent with patterns observed in naturally infected monkeys, the majority of whom persistently shed high levels of virus in saliva for extended periods of time after seroconversion. Frequent viral shedding contributed to a high rate of infection, with RhCMV-infected monkeys transmitting virus to one naïve animal every 7 weeks after introduction of RhCMV-WT into an uninfected cohort. These results demonstrate that the RhCMV model can be designed to rigorously reflect the challenges facing HCMV vaccine trials, particularly those related to horizontal transmission.
Nurse/Physician Communication Through a Sensemaking Lens: Shifting the Paradigm to Improve Patient Safety

Physician-nurse communication has been identified as one of the main obstacles to progress in patient safety. Breakdowns in communication between physicians and nurses often result in errors, many of which are preventable. Recent research into nurse/physician communication has borrowed heavily from team literature, tending to study communication as one behavior in a larger cluster of behaviors. The multicluster approach to team research has not provided enough analysis of and attention to communication alone. Research into communication specifically is needed to understand its crucial role in teamwork and safety. A critique of the research literature on nurse/physician communication published since 1992 revealed 3 dominant themes: settings and context, consensus building, and conflict resolution. A fourth implicit theme, the temporal nature of communication, emerged as well. These themes were used to frame a discussion on sensemaking: an iterative process arising from dialogue when 2 or more people share their unique perspectives. As a theoretical model, sensemaking may offer an alternative lens through which to view the phenomenon of nurse/physician communication and advance our understanding of how nurse/physician communication can promote patient safety. Sensemaking may represent a paradigm shift with the potential to affect 2 spheres of influence: clinical practice and health care outcomes. Sensemaking may also hold promise as an intervention because through sensemaking consensus may be built and errors possibly prevented. Engaging in sensemaking may overcome communication barriers without realigning power bases, incorporate contextual influences without drawing attention away from communicators, and inform actions arising from communication.
Phenothiazine Effect on Human Antibody Synthesis

Early in our clinical studies with the phrenotropic drugs, reserpine and chlorpromazine, we observed that psychotic patients receiving them were more resistant to treat for infectious processes that occurred during their hospitalization (Saunders, 1961). We also observed that in experimental animals, the LD50 of a standardized dose of bacteria was significantly increased if the rats had been previously treated with a phenothiazine. Preliminary observations led us to consider the role of these drugs in protein synthesis, with specific interest in the gamma globulin, since antibodies are associated almost exclusively with this fraction. Further interest in the problem of protein synthesis was stimulated by the reduced albumin and increased globulin levels found in most chronic psychoses, as the phrenotropic drugs are capable of significantly shifting this ratio toward normal. The question of phrenotropic drug action on antibody synthesis was asked at the Second International Congress of Psychiatry in September, 1957, and no specific information was known to the participants (Saunders, 1958). With this background, the question warranted further study in man. We designed our experiment to measure antibody response to oral poliovirus vaccine, Cox strains types 1 and 3, during phenothiazine therapy.
The quality of information systems and the efficiency of SME

Nowadays, Information Systems (IS) play a relevant roll in the operability and competitiveness of organizations. Therefore, to identify their business value has been one of the main concerns of managers and researchers. The goal of this study is to determine the quality effect of IS in the constructs in use-value and user satisfaction, as well as with the perceptions of improvement of the internal efficiency and organizational costs of small and medium business Revista Cubana de Ciencias Informáticas Vol. 10, No. 2, abril-junio, 2016 ISSN: 2227-1899 | RNPS: 2301 http://rcci.uci.cu Pág. 2741 Editorial “Ediciones Futuro” Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas. La Habana, Cuba rcci@uci.cu 28 (SME) from Northeastern Mexico. To fulfill this purpose, the structural equation modeling is used with the application of 195 questionnaires. The empirical evidence suggests that internal efficiency is affected by the satisfaction of users and their intention to use an IS, which is influenced by the quality of information, while the construct organizational costs only is affected by the use of the IS. It is expected that the results can help the owners of SME to plan more efficiently their investments in TI.
Modeling User Quality of Experience (QoE) through Position Discrepancy in Multi-Sensorial, Immersive, Collaborative Environments

Users' QoE (Quality of Experience) in Multi-sensorial, Immersive, Collaborative Environments (MICE) applications is mostly measured by psychometric studies. These studies provide a subjective insight into the performance of such applications. In this paper, we hypothesize that spatial coherence or the lack of it of the embedded virtual objects among users has a correlation to the QoE in MICE. We use Position Discrepancy (PD) to model this lack of spatial coherence in MICE. Based on that, we propose a Hierarchical Position Discrepancy Model (HPDM) that computes PD at multiple levels to derive the application/system-level PD as a measure of performance. ; AB@Experimental results on an example task in MICE show that HPDM can objectively quantify the application performance and has a correlation to the psychometric study-based QoE measurements. We envisage HPDM can provide more insight on the MICE application without the need for extensive user study.
Cryopreserved Dental Pulp Tissues of Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Is a Feasible Stem Cell Resource for Regenerative Medicine

Human exfoliated deciduous teeth have been considered to be a promising source for regenerative therapy because they contain unique postnatal stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) with self-renewal capacity, multipotency and immunomodulatory function. However preservation technique of deciduous teeth has not been developed. This study aimed to evaluate that cryopreserved dental pulp tissues of human exfoliated deciduous teeth is a retrievable and practical SHED source for cell-based therapy. SHED isolated from the cryopreserved deciduous pulp tissues for over 2 years (25–30 months) (SHED-Cryo) owned similar stem cell properties including clonogenicity, self-renew, stem cell marker expression, multipotency, in vivo tissue regenerative capacity and in vitro immunomodulatory function to SHED isolated from the fresh tissues (SHED-Fresh). To examine the therapeutic efficacy of SHED-Cryo on immune diseases, SHED-Cryo were intravenously transplanted into systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) model MRL/lpr mice. Systemic SHED-Cryo-transplantation improved SLE-like disorders including short lifespan, elevated autoantibody levels and nephritis-like renal dysfunction. SHED-Cryo amended increased interleukin 17-secreting helper T cells in MRL/lpr mice systemically and locally. SHED-Cryo-transplantation was also able to recover osteoporosis bone reduction in long bones of MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, SHED-Cryo-mediated tissue engineering induced bone regeneration in critical calvarial bone-defect sites of immunocompromised mice. The therapeutic efficacy of SHED-Cryo transplantation on immune and skeletal disorders was similar to that of SHED-Fresh. These data suggest that cryopreservation of dental pulp tissues of deciduous teeth provide a suitable and desirable approach for stem cell-based immune therapy and tissue engineering in regenerative medicine.
What is Babesia microti?

Babesia microti (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida) has historically been considered a common parasite of Holarctic rodents. However, human babesiosis due to this species has generally been limited to the northeastern seaboard of the United States and Minnesota and Wisconsin. The absence of reports of B. microti babesiosis from sites where the agent is enzootic, such as in western Europe, remains unexplained. Previous work focusing on the 18S rDNA demonstrates little sequence diversity among samples from allopatric host populations across a wide geographical area. It may be that genetic diversity is underestimated due to sample size or the gene analysed. Accordingly, we collected blood or spleen samples from American or Eurasian animals with parasites that were morphologically consistent with B. microti, amplified the 18S rDNA and beta-tubulin gene, and conducted phylogenetic analysis. Surprisingly, what was considered to be ‘B. microti’ by microscopy appears to be a diverse species complex. We identify 3 distinct clades within this complex, including parasites from non-rodent hosts. Rodent parasites comprise 2 clades, one representing zoonotic isolates, and the other apparently maintained in microtine rodents, and therefore their morphological detection within animals from a site does not necessarily imply a risk to public health.
Scotland, 1860–1939: growth and poverty

SCOTLAND AND INDUSTRIALISATION The period from the beginning of Queen Victoria’s reign to the Second World War was a good one for the history of the Scottish economy. It was characterized by flourishing heavy industry, based on iron and steel manufacture that generated a diversity of engineering products and was fuelled by coal. This was the era when the railway network spread throughout the economy, even to remote parts of the Highlands, and when British finance and technology played a leading part in fostering economic progress throughout the world. Scotland was a full participant in that process, providing more than its fair share of inventors, scientists, industrialists and financiers. Indeed, for Scotland, the Victorian era produced much to support the claim that it was the country’s greatest era of innovation and growth. Industrialisation proceeded on a scale hitherto unsurpassed and created a continuous urban sprawl in the central belt, along the valleys of the Clyde and the Forth. It was an era in which Scottish goods were traded throughout the world, and in which Scottish finance helped underwrite the expansion of the international economy. In popular perception, too, the great period of Scottish economic advance took place in Queen Victoria’s reign. As Devine observed in his survey of Scottish history, in the formal opening of Glasgow City Chambers by the Queen in 1888, and in hosting the 1901 International Exhibition in Kelvingrove Park, an event attended by 11.5 million visitors, Glasgow had established its position as a great international centre of industry and as the second city of the Empire.
Performance considerations of a photonic crystal based on graphene multilayer system

In this paper, the photonic band structure of a one dimensional photonic crystal based on graphene multilayer system (PC-GM) is investigated using the transfer matrix method. The PC-GM is periodically parallel stacks of alternating a multilayer graphene system with the dielectric stripes between them and a dielectric layer. Also, the effects of introducing a defect in the PC-GM is examined and demonstrated the degree of localization of the defect mode become greater with increasing the period number of the PC-GM. Furthermore, variation of the layers width can tune the defect mode.
Implementation of a modular neural network in a multiple processor system on FPGA to classify electric disturbance

This paper shows the effectiveness of a modular neural network composed of multilayers experts trained with a hybrid algorithm implemented in a multiprocessor system on chip. The network is applied on the classification of electric disturbances. The objective is to show that, even a FPGA with hardware restrictions, it could be used to implement a complex problem, when parallel processing is used. To improve the system performance was used four soft processors with a shared memory.
Training Audio Annotation Multilabel encoding Feature extraction DNN training Input Target output Testing

In this paper, the use of multi label neural networks are proposed for detection of temporally overlapping sound events in realistic environments. Real-life sound recordings typically have many overlapping sound events, making it hard to recognize each event with the standard sound event detection methods. Frame-wise spectral-domain features are used as inputs to train a deep neural network for multi label classification in this work. The model is evaluated with recordings from realistic everyday environments and the obtained overall accuracy is 63.8%. The method is compared against a state-of-the-art method using non-negative matrix factorization as a pre-processing stage and hidden Markov models as a classifier. The proposed method improves the accuracy by 19% percentage points overall.
The inhibition of cultured myoblast differentiation by the simian virus 40 large T antigen occurs after myogenin expression and Rb up-regulation and is not exerted by transformation-competent cytoplasmic mutants

We have investigated the mechanism by which the simian virus 40 large T antigen (SVLT) interferes with the differentiation of C2 myoblasts. SVLT mutants, defective either in the Rb binding site, near the N-terminal end, in a region that affects binding to p53, or in the nuclear transport signal, were also employed to determine whether the interference was especially dependent on these functional domains. It was found that wild-type (wt) SVLT strongly inhibited the terminal differentiation of mouse C2 myoblasts, but this arrest occurred only after the synthesis of myogenin, an initial step in biochemical differentiation. Neither the synthesis nor some basic activities of MyoD appeared to be affected by wt SVLT. In these transformants, mitogen depletion elicited an increase in the Rb level comparable to that in normal C2 cells; wt SVLT, however, promoted the phosphorylation of a large part of the induced Rb. Mutations affecting nuclear transport were far more critical for the ability to interfere with myogenic differentiation than were those affecting the transforming potential; cytoplasmic SVLT expression was fully compatible with the terminal differentiation of C2 cells, despite enabling them to grow in semisolid medium, thus showing that the myogenesis-inhibiting property can be dissociated from transforming competence. The remaining SVLT mutants presented different degrees of ability to inhibit differentiation (as shown by the expression of tissue-specific markers in transformants). The inhibiting mutants, including the Rb binding site mutant, were able to promote a higher state of Rb phosphorylation than that observed in either normal cells or cytoplasmic-SVLT transformants.
Causes of food insecurity and coping strategies in Tanzania: a case of smallholder farmers In Chamwino district

Household food insecurity in Tanzania is widespread even when the country experiences bumper harvest. Food insecurity is widespread and chronic that there is always a certain degree of household food deficit at a given part in a year. Despite the government’s efforts to improve agricultural production, food insecurity has persisted. Thus, this study was conducted to assess causes of food insecurity and coping strategies of smallholder farmers in Chamwino district, Dodoma region. Specific objectives were to: identify and examine the causes of food insecurity in households of smallholder farmers; identify and examine various coping strategies employed by smallholder farmers during food insecurity; and suggest possible ways that would be used to reduce food insecurity in households of smallholder farmers. Data were collected from 146 respondents including 120 household heads and two extension agents from four villages in Chamwino district and 24 key informants using questionnaires, researcher’s diary and checklist. Quantitative data were analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) computer software and qualitative data were summarised and analysed manually. Causes of food insecurity include inappropriate use of the available food, poor storage methods and facilities, small farm size, low income and use of poor technology. The major types of food insecurity coping strategies were skipping meals and selling labour. In conclusion despite the food insecurity coping strategies, a serious food insecurity problem still persisted. The coping strategies were not sufficient to minimize food insecurity problem in the study area. Therefore, the government, NGOs and other stakeholders should: create awareness to farmers on proper use of available food, advise farmers on good storage methods, put more emphasis on smallholder farmers’ agricultural production, planning and implementing the diversified income generating activities and appropriate technology use. All stakeholders need to play an important role to ensure the availability of food in a sustainable manner and people have access to it. ii
The Effects of Platform Feature, Content Feature, and Service Experience on Music Streaming Service Continuance

With the rapid development and penetration of music streaming services, more and more providers have sought to seize the market opportunities. How to maintain a strong subscription base thus becomes a challenge in this industry. This study draws on the service-dominant logic to explore the influence of platform attributes and content attributes on service experience and co-creation, two of the key determinants that lead to continuance intention for online music streaming services through satisfaction and the indirect effect on continuance intention to subscribing music streaming services. The findings show that: (1) perceived ease of use, social presence, and richness of content are positively associated with user's service experience; (2) perceived ease of use and richness of content are positively associated with the degree of co-creation; (3) the degree of co-creation is positively associated with service experience; (4) user's service experience and degree of co-creation positively lead to user satisfaction; (5) user satisfaction is positively associated with continuance intention to subscribe to music streaming services. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
A Simple Classification Method for Class Imbalanced Data using the Kernel Mean

Support vector machines (SVMs) are among the most popular classification algorithms. However, whereas SVMs perform efficiently in a class balanced dataset, their performance declines for class imbalanced datasets. The fuzzy SVM for class imbalance learning (FSVM-CIL) is a variation of the SVM type algorithm to accommodate class imbalanced datasets. Considering the class imbalance, FSVM-CIL associates a fuzzy membership to each example, which represents the importance of the example for classification. Based on FSVM-CIL, we present a simple but effective method here to calculate fuzzy memberships using the kernel mean. The kernel mean is a useful statistic for consideration of the probability distribution over the feature space. Our proposed method is simpler than preceding methods because it requires adjustment of fewer parameters and operates at reduced computational cost. Experimental results show that our proposed method is promising.
Laparoscopic minimally invasive total gastrectomy with linear stapled oesophagojejunostomy--experience from the first thirty procedures.

BACKGROUND There are only few reports on total gastrectomy by a laparoscopic surgical approach. One explanation is the fear of complications due to anastomotic dehiscence in oesophagojejunal anastomosis known to carry high morbidity and mortality. The introduction of staplers have contributed to making anastomosis safer and easier to perform and has facilitated more advanced laparoscopic surgery. In open surgery, most surgeons use a circular stapler for oesophagojejunal anastomosis or a hand sutured technique. Both techniques are difficult to use in laparoscopic surgery, especially if the oesophagus is narrow. To facilitate the creation of oesophagojejunal anastomoses, we have adopted a technique with a linear stapled anastomosis. Our method is based on a stapling technique where the oesophagus is divided above the gastric cardia followed by a oesophagojejunostomy performed with Covidien's new Endo GIA-60™ Ultra Universal stapler. The residual opening is closed with a 3-0 re-absorbable suture. PATIENTS AND METHODS From June 2009 to May 2012, 14 men and 16 women (median age=66 years, range=39-84 years) underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy due to gastric cancer. RESULTS One patient died during hospital stay; corresponding to a postoperative mortality of 3,3%. Leakage in the oesophagojejunal anastomosis occurred in three patients (10%). Two of the patients with leakage in the oesophagojejunal anastomosis had an additional duodenal bulb leakage, which might have caused anastomotic dehiscence. The patients had a median postoperative hospital stay of six days (range=3-156 days). Six patients had a re-operation due to complications, including one endoscopic stent application in the anastomosis. CONCLUSION Even though a leakage rate of 10% can be considered high, this study describes a simple method for performing oesophagojejunostomy after gastrectomy by a laparoscopic approach independently of the width of the oesophagus. This study also shows that laparoscopic gastrectomy can be performed in more advanced stages of gastric cancer.