Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exercise-Induced Metabolic Acidosis : Where do the Protons come from ?

The widespread belief that intense exercise causes the production of “lactic acid” that contributes to acidosis is erroneous. In the breakdown of a glucose molecule to 2 pyruvate molecules, three reactions release a total of four protons, and one reaction consumes two protons. The conversion of 2 pyruvate to 2 lactate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) also consumes two protons. Thus lactate production retards rather than contributes to acidosis. Proton release also occurs during ATP hydrolysis. In the transition to a higher exercise intensity, the rate of ATP hydrolysis is not matched by the transport of protons, inorganic phosphate and ADP into the mitochondria. Consequently, there is an increasing dependence on ATP supplied by glycolysis. Under these conditions, there is a greater rate of cytosolic proton release from glycolysis and ATP hydrolysis, the cell buffering capacity is eventually exceeded, and acidosis develops. Lactate production increases due to the favorable bioenergetics for the LDH reaction. Lactate production is therefore a consequence rather than a cause of cellular conditions that cause acidosis. Researchers, clinicians, and sports coaches need to recognize the true causes of acidosis so that more valid approaches can be developed to diminish the detrimental effects of acidosis on their subject/patient/client populations.
Use of prolonged standing for individuals with spinal cord injuries.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prolonged standing in people with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) has the potential to affect a number of health-related areas such as reflex activity, joint range of motion, or well-being. The purpose of this study was to document the patterns of use of prolonged standing and their perceived effects in subjects with SCIs. SUBJECTS The subjects were 152 adults with SCIs (103 male, 49 female; mean age=34 years, SD=8, range=18-55) who returned mailed survey questionnaires. METHODS A 17-item self-report survey questionnaire was sent to the 463 members of a provincial spinal cord support organization. RESULTS Survey responses for 26 of the 152 respondents were eliminated from the analysis because they had minimal effects from their injuries and did not need prolonged standing as an extra activity. Of the 126 remaining respondents, 38 respondents (30%) reported that they engaged in prolonged standing for an average of 40 minutes per session, 3 to 4 times a week, as a method to improve or maintain their health. The perceived benefits included improvements in several health-related areas such as well-being, circulation, skin integrity, reflex activity, bowel and bladder function, digestion, sleep, pain, and fatigue. The most common reason that prevented the respondents from standing was the cost of equipment to enable standing. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Considering the many reported benefits of standing, this activity may be useful for people with SCI. This study identified a number of body systems and functions that may need to be investigated if clinical trials of prolonged standing in people with SCI are undertaken.
Enabling Personalisation of Remote Elderly Assistant Applications

One of the goals of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) solutions is to extend the time that elderly people can live independently in their preferred environments by using ICT technologies for personal healthcare. However, in order to be optimal, remote monitoring services and health-related interventions should be strongly personalised to specific individuals' requirements, preferences, abilities and motivations, which can vary among the elderly and even dynamically evolve over time for the same person, depending on changing user needs and conditions associated with the current context of use. In this paper we present how a platform for the development of context-dependent applications by non-technical users has been customized for remotely monitoring and assisting elderly people at home. The platform has been integrated with an application for remotely assisting elderly people at home. The user editable personalisation features are specified by using trigger-action rules. The way to personalise applications through the platform has been tested with some elderly people and informal caregivers, and the feedback they reported in the test was encouraging.
MAPK and SRC-kinases control EGR-1 and NF-kappa B inductions by changes in mechanical environment in osteoblasts.

Bone loss occurs in microgravity whereas an increase in bone mass is observed after skeletal loading. This tissue adaptation involves changes in osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation whose mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this context, we investigated the expression and the nuclear translocation of Egr-1 and NF-kappa B, in a simulated microgravity model (clinostat) and in a model of mechanical strain (Flexcell). We performed RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry analyses at baseline and up to 2 h after stimulation (a mitogenic regimen, 1% stretch, 0.05 Hz, 10 min, or clinorotation 50 rpm, 10 min) in osteoblastic ROS17/2.8 cells. Egr-1 induction as well as NF-kappa B nuclear translocation were activated by mechanical changes. PKC downregulation and COX1/2 inhibition did not alter these inductions. In contrast, ERK1/2, p38(MAPK) and src-kinases pathways were differentially involved in both models. Thus, we demonstrated that changes in the mechanical environment induced an activation of Egr-1 and NF-kappa B with specific kinetics and involved various transduction pathways including MAPKs and src-kinases. These could partially explain the later alterations of proliferation observed.
Yet More on Non-Epistemic Seeing

Daryl Close has recently tried to undermine my arguments for nonepistemic seeing. ' He may be fairly accused of misunderstanding them, because of what he leaves out: indeed, he even accuses me of leaving out what is plainly there. I see him like the Prefect of Police in Poe's story 'The Purloined Letter', rummaging in every cupboard and under every carpet while not seeing what is plainly there before his eyes, namely, the Queen's letter in the letter-rack-as plain as any Dretskean cuff-link. In the Probe example in my article2 I took the case of a man blind from birth who could not have his sight restored (by removal of cataract, say) being given his first visual experiences by probe stimulation of his visual cortex. I suggested that these experiences, as in J. M. Hinton's example,3 might be flashes, and claimed that they would have to be called non-epistemic precisely because no knowledge could be elicited from them without some agreement between the Subject and the psychologist administering the electrical charge via the probe. A key extension of the example was now introduced, and it is this that Close ignores, for he makes no reference to it in his discussion note, and yet it provides the answers to the three objections which he makes there. At this point the psychologist connected the probe to a switch under a mat at the door. I quote:
Multi-ﬁdelity Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of a Membrane Wing

—In order to study the aerodynamic performance of a semi-ﬂexible membrane wing, Fluid-Structure Interaction simulations have been performed. The ﬂuid problem has been modeled using two different approaches which are the vortex panel method and the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. Nonlinear analysis of the structural problem is performed using the Finite Element Method. Comparison between the two ﬂuid solvers has been made. Aerodynamic performance of the wing is discussed regarding its lift and drag coefﬁcients and they are compared with those of the equivalent rigid wing.
Investigation and analysis of the modified phase-shifted pulse modulation resonant DC/DC converter

In this paper an investigation and analysis of the modified phase-shifted pulse modulation (PSPM) DC/DC resonant converter topology, is presented. The possibilities for achieving soft switching conditions with high-efficiency operation in a wide range of power regulation activities will be investigated. In the paper, the first harmonic analysis method can be employed to develop expressions for the output circuit variables of the of the modified PSPM DC/DC resonant converter. The results of the analysis are confirmed with computer simulations.
Dynamic anonymisation techniques analogy for multiple releases of data

Data publication has become important due to its inherent research and analysis value. Data is often published by the service provider in the anonymised form for achieving confidentiality. Most of the anonymised techniques generally considered for anonymisation are static in nature which considers only fixed one time data release. In dynamic environment where data keeps evolving with time, static techniques may result in poor data analysis or re-identification risk. In this paper, various dynamic anonymisation techniques for multiple releases of data have been analysed that can help the researchers or the service providers to decide the best technique for the underlying dynamic context depending on the criterion to be optimised.
HCMV INFECTION: MODULATING THE CELL CYCLE AND CELL DEATH

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family and is recognized as a significant pathogen to certain subgroups of the human population. It has become apparent that HCMV manipulation of the host cell cycle as well as the immune response promotes the replication and propagation of the virus. The ability of HCMV to modulate components of the host immune system and the response to infection most likely contributes to the pathology associated with this virus. This review will address the mechanisms HCMV has adapted to modulate the cell cycle to promote viral replication as well as the different ways it can prevent the “death” of an infected cell.
[Stomach ulcer].

This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone. Talk to your family doctor to find out if this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Family Physicians. Individuals may photocopy this material for their own personal reference, and physicians may photocopy for use with their own patients. Written permission is required for all other uses, including electronic uses. H. pylori and Stomach Ulcers: What You Should Know
Throughput Analysis, Optimal Buffer Allocation, and Traffic Imbalance Study of a Generic Nonblocking Packet Switch

A general model is presented to study the performance of a family of space-domain packet switches, implementing both input and output queuing and varying degrees of speedup. Based on this model, the impact of the speedup factor on the switch performance is analyzed. In particular, the maximum switch throughput, and the average system delay for any given degree of speedup are obtained. The results demonstrate that the switch can achieve 99% throughput with a modest speedup factor of four. Packet blocking probability for systems with finite buffers can also be derived from this model, and the impact of buffer allocation on blocking probability is investigated. Given a fixed buffer budget, this analysis obtains an optimal placement of buffers among input and output ports to minimize the blocking probability. The model is also extended to cover a nonhomogeneous system, where traffic intensity at each input varies and destination distribution is not uniform. Using this model, the effect of traffic imbalance on the maximum switch throughput is studied. It is seen that input imbalance has a more adverse effect on throughput than output imbalance. >
Boomerang Effects in Science Communication

The deficit-model of science communication assumes increased communication about science issues will move public opinion toward the scientific consensus. However, in the case of climate change, public polarization about the issue has increased in recent years, not diminished. In this study, we draw from theories of motivated reasoning, social identity, and persuasion to examine how science-based messages may increase public polarization on controversial science issues such as climate change. Exposing 240 adults to simulated news stories about possible climate change health impacts on different groups, we found the influence of identification with potential victims was contingent on participants’ political partisanship. This partisanship increased the degree of political polarization on support for climate mitigation policies and resulted in a boomerang effect among Republican participants. Implications for understanding the role of motivated reasoning within the context of science communication are discussed.
Global and gene-specific methylation patterns in cancer: aspects of tumor biology and clinical potential.

Heritable alterations of DNA that do not affect the base pair sequence itself but nevertheless regulate the predetermined activity of genes are referred to as epigenetic. Epigenetic mechanisms comprise diverse phenomena including stable feedback loops, nuclear compartmentalization, differential replication timing, heritable chromatin structures, and, foremost, DNA cytosine methylation (1-3). DNA cytosine methylation has recently gained major attention in the field of basic molecular biology as well as in studies of human diseases including cancer. Changes in DNA methylation patterns in human malignancies have been shown to contribute to carcinogenesis in multiple ways. Both hypo- and hypermethylation events have been described in various neoplasias leading to chromosomal instability and transcriptional gene silencing. DNA methylation research has entered the clinical arena and methylation patterns have become a major focus of clinicians seeking novel prognostic factors and therapeutic targets. The following minireview covers aspects of the basic molecular biology of DNA methylation and summarizes its importance in human cancers.
Müller-Lyer: Illusion of Size or Position?

Holding (1970) described a version of the Müller-Lyer illusion in which the arrowheads point in the same direction. This does not produce a change in the apparent length, but a shift in the apparent position of the shafts. Current models of the Müller-Lyer illusion based on hypothetical length-processing mechanisms cannot explain this position shift. An alternative explanation is that both versions of the illusion result from an additive displacement of the endpoints of the shafts. Measurement of both illusions using a group of 32 subjects indicated that a greater endpoint shift is needed to account for the strength of the standard length version of the illusion. Some possible reasons for this difference are suggested, and the implications for future theories of this class of illusions are discussed.
Passive signal amplification via series-piezoelectric read-out

This paper describes an innovative method to passively amplify the output voltage in MEMS-based piezoelectric accelerometers through a series read-out scheme. In a conventional piezoelectric or capacitive MEMS sensor, output charge is collected by a single capacitor. Here, we present a monolithic accelerometer employing 15-element array of smaller piezoelectric capacitors formed between patterned top and bottom electrodes. By connecting the top electrode of the capacitor to the bottom electrode of the subsequent capacitor, the read-out capacitors are connected in series, and thus the output voltages are added in series, increasing the output voltage. Devices were fabricated on 200 mm wafers in a commercial foundry process based on wafer bonding of CMOS to MEMS. The close integration of MEMS with CMOS results in low electrical parasitics, an essential feature to enable impedance matching of the front-end amplifier to the much higher impedance series read-out capacitors. Using the method, the sensor's sensitivity is amplified 6-fold. The sensor with series-connected capacitors has a sensitivity of 4.8 mV/g, noise floor of 2.6 mg/VHz, and resonant frequency of 2570 Hz.
Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT) Identity: An Integrative Theory to Explain Gender Gap in IT

Despite the fact that women constitute about half (46.6%) of the United States workforce, the proportion of women in computer science and information technology (CSIT) careers has been declining. From a high of 40% in 1986, it dropped to 29% in 1996, and further declined to about 20% in 2004 according to the Information Technology Association of America (Ramsey and McCorduck, 2005). Although outsourcing and economic downturn have been initial reasons for the general decline in CSIT jobs within the U.S., a report by the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that the overall employment of computer network, systems, and database administrators is projected to increase by 30 percent from 2008 to 2018, much faster than the average for all occupations. In addition, this occupation will add 286,600 new jobs over that period (BLS, 2011). While women are realizing parity in other career paths, the continuing decline of women in CSIT professions is troubling and a cause for concern. Studies have shown that diverse teams, including gender diversity, that are well managed tend to produce better solutions than teams that are homogeneous in nature (Johnson, 1998). Hence, efforts to understand the factors that affect this disparity in the computing field is important so appropriate intervention mechanisms can be put in place to improve the representation of women in CSIT.
Nuclear Receptor Response Elements Mediate Induction of Intestinal MDR1 by Rifampin*

Intestinal P-glycoprotein, which is encoded by the MDR1 gene, plays an important role in the absorption and presystemic elimination of many xenobiotics. Hence, an understanding of the factors regulating its expression and function is of substantial interest. In addition to genetic factors, exposure to drugs such as rifampin can profoundly affect its expression. So far, the mechanisms by which rifampin induces MDR1 expression are poorly understood. Recent studies demonstrate that the nuclear receptor PXR (pregnane X receptor) is involved in xenobiotic induction of CYP3A4. Because CYP3A4 and MDR1are often co-induced, we investigated whether a similar mechanism is also involved in MDR1 induction. The human colon carcinoma cell line LS174T was used as an intestinal model to study induction because in these cells the endogenous MDR1 gene is highly inducible by rifampin. The 5′-upstream region of human MDR1was examined for the presence of potential PXR response elements. Several binding sites were identified that form a complex regulatory cluster at about −8 kilobase pairs. Only one DR4 motif within this cluster is necessary for induction by rifampin. We conclude that induction of MDR1 is mediated by a DR4 motif in the upstream enhancer at about −8 kilobase pairs, to which PXR binds.
Morphology, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of propylene-based materials for cable applications

Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) remains the material of choice for modern high voltage extruded cables possessing good thermal stability and excellent electrical properties. However, increasing pressure to limit the environmental effects of human activity and to promote recycling has forced researchers to look to new materials to replace XLPE in the medium to long term. Recently, a number of propylene based systems have been developed through copolymerization with novel catalyst systems which may offer novel alternatives to polyethylene. Such systems offer higher operating temperatures together with potentially desirable thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. In this paper we report on a range of propylene based materials and assess their suitability for cable applications through the use of thermal, mechanical and electrical testing. We supplement these tests with morphological investigations.
ASA Physical Status Classifications: A Study of Consistency of Ratings

The American Society of Anesthesiologists' (ASA) Physical Status Classification was tested for consistency of use by a questionnaire sent to 304 anesthesiologists. They were requested to classify ten hypothetical patients. Two hundred fifty-five (77.3 percent) responded to two mailings. The mean number of patients rated consistently was 5.9. Four patients elicited wide ranges of responses. Age, obesity, previous myocardial infarction, and anemia provoked controversy. There was no significant difference in responses from different regions of the country. Academic anesthesiologists rated a greater number identical than did those in private practice (P < 0.01). There was no difference in ratings between those who used the classification for billing purposes and those who did not. The ASA Physical Status Classification is useful but suffers from a lack of scientific precision.
Outil de classification et de visualisation de grands volumes de données mixtes

Résumé. Nous avons conçu un outil de classification de données original que nous détaillons dans le présent article. Cet outil comporte un module de création de résumés et un module d’affichage. Le module de création de résumés prend en charge les données mixtes (qualitatives et quantitatives) ainsi que les grands volumes de données en utilisant une méthode de classification incrémentale et agglomérative originale. Le module de visualisation permet une lecture aisée des résumés grâce à une interface graphique évoluée permettant la présentation et l’exploration des résumés sous forme d’une hiérarchie de profils ou d’un tableau de profils. Chaque profil donne de manière claire les informations importantes relatives au résumé de données correspondant. La lecture de la hiérarchie et du tableau est aussi grandement facilitée par le choix d’un ordre optimal pour la présentation des variables et des résumés.
Systematic studies on Asteraceae in the northern region of Bangladesh

Systematic investigation on the family Asteraceae (Compositae) growing throughout in the northern region of Bangladesh was carried out. A total of 36 species under 29 genera of the family Asteraceae were collected and identified. A complete taxonomic account of each species has been given along with their current name, local name, brief description, phenology, basic chromosome number, anatomy and voucher number. Among the recorded species, both anomocytic and anisocytic stomata were found in 21 species; anomocytic stomata in 10 species; anisocytic stomata in 3 species; anomocytic and paracytic stomata were found in 1 species; anomocytic, anisocytic and paracytic stomata were found in 1 species. Out of the 36 species, stomata were found to be present both on the upper and lower surface in 33 species and only on lower surface in 3 species. Three types of trichomes, i.e. non-glandular multicellular, non-glandular unicellular and glandular multicellular trichomes were recorded. Non-glandular multicellular trichome was found in 25 species, non-glandular unicellular in 1 species and glandular multicellular trichome was found in 1 species. Trichomes were absent in rest of the species. Finally, a new system of classification of the family Asteraceae has been proposed on the basis of morphological, anatomical, cytological and floral characters.