Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data Complexity A

Most researchers conduct defect detection under the assumption that the training and future and the same distribution. However, in the practical applications, data sets come from different domains Sometimes, local data in the target projects are limited software defect detection model is uncertain. Firstly, we introduce the data complexity concept into the software eng mining field. Secondly, we investigate the data complexity measurement on public sof is appropriate to apply in defect detection. Finally, gain valuable insight into the effects of data complexity on defect detection. making support for detection model management and design
Water uptake and hydraulic conductivity of seminal and adventitious roots of five wheat cultivars at early growth stage.

To investigate the root anatomy and hydraulic conductivity of wheat cultivars, including Shiraz, Bahar, Pishtaz, Sistan, and Yavaros, a series of controlled environment (growth chamber) experiments were hydroponically conducted at University College of Dublin (UCD), Ireland in 2010. Bahar, Pishtaz and Sistan cultivars were employed as tolerant to drought and Shiraz and Yavaros as sensitive. Twelve plants from each wheat cultivar in three replications were compared in a completely randomized design. Seminal roots had four to five cortical cell layers, and typically one large central metaxylem and 5±1 (in Bahar) to 7±1 (in Yavaros) smaller and circularly arranged peripheral metaxylem vessels. Stellar cells were less lignified in adventitious roots, as compared with seminal roots, and mature xylem vessels of seminal roots of Shiraz and Yavaros cultivars had more lignified walls compared to the other cultivars of the 18 day old plants. Lateral roots of Shiraz cultivar showed the most lignified walls compared to the other cultivars. The highest root hydraulic conductivity in seminal root s was observed in Bahar with the lowest surface area and lignified cell walls. Type of cultivar had also a noticeable effect on flow rate of seminal roots and varied from 2.81 in Shiraz to 3.76×10 -10 m s -1 in Bahar cultivar. With respect to flow rate and osmotic driving force of seminal and adventitious roots, Bahar and Sistan cultivars had the highest hydraulic conductivity. It was concluded that at the early growth stage of wheat cultivars (3 rd leaf stage), root anatomical structures of Bahar and Sistan were more efficient in water uptake and this might be attributed to the less lignified cell wall of the peripheral and central metaxylem zones of the roots in these cultivars.
SOPHIE+: First results of an octagonal-section fiber for high-precision radial velocity measurements

High-precision spectrographs play a key role in exoplanet searches and Doppler asteroseismology using the radial velocity technique. The 1 ms(-1) level of precision requires very high stability and uniformity of the illumination of the spectrograph. In fiber-fed spectrographs such as SOPHIE, the fiber-link scrambling properties are one of the main conditions for high precision. To significantly improve the radial velocity precision of the SOPHIE spectrograph, which was limited to 5-6 ms(-1), we implemented a piece of octagonal-section fiber in the fiber link. We present here the scientific validation of the upgrade of this instrument, demonstrating a real improvement. The upgraded instrument, renamed SOPHIE+, reaches radial velocity precision in the range of 1-2 ms(-1). It is now fully efficient for the detection of low-mass exoplanets down to 5-10 M-circle plus and for the identification of acoustic modes down to a few tens of cm s(-1).
Nitrogen fertilization of a native grass planting in western Oklahoma

Native warm-season grass mixtures have been established on the Southern Plains under the USDA Conservation Reserve Program. We studied responses to N fertilizer on such pastures in western Oklahoma over a 4-year period. Experimental pastures were previously cultivated fields with loamy soils seeded to a mixture of native warm-season grasses. Fertilizer treatments were 0 and 35 kg N ha-1 year-1 as ammonium nitrate. Pastures were intensively grazed from early June to early August over 4 years. Stocking rates averaged 52 and 104 AUD ha-1 for the 0 and 35 kg N ha-1 treatments, respectively. These stocking rates are heavy for seasonal grazing in this region. Responses measured included forage mass and nutritive value before and after grazing, plant basal area, and livestock performance. Precipitation was variable but generally favorable over the study period. Peak forage mass was increased by N fertilization (2,480 versus 4,030 kg ha-1; P < 0.01), producing 45 kg forage per kg N applied. Nitrogen fertilization increased crude protein concentration in June (8.2 versus 10.3%; P < 0.05) and August (4.1 versus 4.6%; P < 0.05), but had inconsistent effects on in vitro dry matter digestibility. Total vegetative cover and basal cover of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Griffiths) increased in the fertilized pastures. Average daily steer gain was not different between treatments (0.96 versus 1.02 kg hd-1 day-1) even though stocking rates were substantially higher on fertilized pastures. Steer gain ha-1 was increased by fertilization (83 versus 176 kg ha-1, P < 0.01). This resulted in a fertilizer N use efficiency of 2.7 kg steer gain per kg N applied. Nitrogen fertilization combined with intensive summer grazing provided a net return of $0.65 to $0.94 per kg N applied.
The occurrence of summer diapause in the large white butterfly Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): A geographical perspective

At the south western border of its extensive distribution, the multivoltine large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae L. , is exceptional in undergoing summer diapause or aestivation. In all other regions investigated, P. brassicae pupae only hibernate. The transitional zone from non-aestivating to aestivating populations is a geographically stable region south of the Pyrenees. The restric- tion of this response to this region cannot be accounted for in terms of genetics as aestivation is intermediately inherited, with the heritability (h 2 ) of aestivation in inbreeding lines between 0.35 and 0.77. Two hypotheses are presented to explain why this species does not aestivate in more northern regions. First, aestivation is a behaviour that serves to synchronize generations in areas where this species produces a high number of generations per year. Second, aestivation reduces the incidence of parasitism suffered by the butterfly by desynchronizing its life cycle from that of its main parasitoid, Cotesia glomerata. The two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and both seem to be adaptive where the species is multivoltine.
Radical strategic change in high technology new ventures: a natural event?

New venture strategy strongly affects its performance and is subject to many changes following the high levels of uncertainty as well as changes in business environment. In some cases incremental changes do not generate anticipated performance, and radical change in strategy occur. These quantum leaps, a phenomenon described in botany as punctuated equilibrium, contradict common incremental Darwinian model of new venture strategy formation. Punctuated Equilibrium was recognized in organizational behavior as well. Yet its mechanisms are still unclear. Inspired by recent explorations in botany, we explore the relationships and mechanisms initiating radical strategic change in high technology new ventures.
Transpolar observations of the morphological properties of Arctic sea ice

save for an area between 8830 0 N and 8930 0 N, where polynyas and thin ice were observed. Surveys of snow depth, ice thickness, and ice properties were conducted at ice stations. Thickness observations suggest a general latitudinal trend of increasing ice thickness moving northward, with considerable variability from floe to floe and within a single floe. Average floe thicknesses varied from 1.0 to >2.8 m, and the standard deviation of thickness on an individual floe was as large as 1 m. Ice crystallography showed a large amount of granular ice. The average optical-equivalent soot content was 4n g Cg � 1 for new snow, 8 ng C g � 1 for the surface granular layer of multiyear ice, and 18 ng C g � 1 for the interior of multiyear ice, indicating a tendency of the particulates to concentrate at the surface with melting.
Experimental Study On The Application Of Fuel Injection Retrofitment Kit For A Small Gasoline Fuelled Engine

In Malaysia, interest on motorcycles as the main choice of transport for works has increased recently, mainly due to the increasing fuel price. The majority of the motorcycles, especially those with cubic capacity less than 250cc, are equipped with the conventional carburettor system. Small gasoline fuelled engines operating using carburettor system, however, suffers from low operating efficiency, apart from producing hazardous emissions to the environment. In light of this situation, the current project will attempt to develop a retrofit fuel injection kit to address such challenges of meeting power requirement as a small cubic capacity prime mover and also in complying with the emissions regulations currently put in place. The experimental works on the proposed fuel injection retrofit kit is initiated by preparing a dedicated engine test rig equipped with the necessary instrumentation, which will allow analysis on the engine operating performance. Among the parameters to be investigated are engine torque, brake power, specific fuel consumption and engine thermal efficiency. Throughout the work, other key operating parameters that will also be monitored are the emissions levels of the exhaust gas and operating consistency and durability. It is expected that at the end of this research, the developed prototype will be able to work effectively in providing efficient fuel supply to power the small gasoline fuelled engine.
An algebraic solution of maximum likelihood function in case of Gaussian mixture distribution

ABSTRACT Traditionally, the least-squares method has been employed as a standard technique for parameter estimation and regression fitting of models to measured points in data sets in many engineering disciplines, geoscience fields as well as in geodesy. If the model errors follow the Gaussian distribution with mean zero in linear models, the least-squares estimate is linear, unbiased and of minimum variance. However, this may not always be the case owing to contaminated data (i.e. the presence of outliers) or data from different sources with varying distributions. This study proposes an algebraic iterative method that approximates the error distribution model using a Gaussian mixture distribution, with the application of maximum likelihood estimation as a possible solution to the problem. The global maximisation of the likelihood function is carried out through the computation of the global solution of a multivariate polynomial system using numerical Groebner basis in order to considerably reduce the running time. The novelty of the proposed method is the application of the total least square (TLS) error model as opposed to ordinary least squares (OLS) and the maximisation of the likelihood function of the Gaussian mixture via an algebraic approach. Use of the TLS error model rather than OLS enables errors in all the three coordinates of the model of a 3D plane (i.e. ) to be considered. The proposed method is illustrated by fitting a plane to real laser-point cloud data containing outliers to test its robustness. Compared with the Random Sample Consensus and Danish robust estimation methods, the results of the proposed algebraic method indicate its efficiency in terms of computational time and its robustness in managing outliers. The proposed approach thus offers an alternative method for solving mixture distribution problems in geodesy.
Nonlinear resonances of electrostatically actuated nano-beam

Nonlinear response of electrostatically actuated nano-beam near-half natural frequency is studied by considering the nonlinearities of the large deformation, electrostatic force and Casimir effect. A first-order fringe correction of the electrostatic force, large deformation, viscous damping, and Casimir effect are included in the dynamic model. The dynamics of the resonator are investigated by using the method of multiple scales in a direct approach to the problem. The sufficient conditions of guaranteeing the system stability and a saddle-node bifurcation are studied. The influences of large deformation, damping, actuation, and fringe effect on the resonator response are studied. The peak amplitude of the primary resonance is given in the paper. Numerical simulations are conducted for uniform nano-beam.
Handbook to life in Ancient Greece

Ancient Greek culture was the product of centuries of change, resulting in a complex network of city-states whose legacy exerts a profound influence on modern Western civilization. Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece explores three millennia of ancient Greek history and archaeology, from the advent of the Minoan civilization in Crete to the Roman conquest in 30 B.C. Organized thematically, the Handbook explores all aspects of life in ancient Greece. Each chapter includes an extensive bibliography as well as original line drawings, photographs and maps. Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece combines archaeological and historical sources to provide all the essential information required by anyone interested in Greek history, archaeology, literature or culture.
Unusual Guidebook to Terrestrial Field Work Studies: Microenvironmental Studies by Landers on Planetary Surfaces (New Atlas in the Series of the Solar System Notebooks on Eötvös University, Hungary)

LANDERS ON PLANETARY SURFACES (NEW ATLAS IN THE SERIES OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM NOTEBOOKS ON EÖTVÖS UNIVERSITY, HUNGARY). Mörtl M. , Földi T. , Hargitai H. , Hegyi S. , Illés E. , Hudoba Gy. , Kovács Zs. , Kereszturi A. , Sik A. , Józsa S, Szakmány Gy. , Weidinger T. , Toth Sz. , Fabriczy A. , Bérczi Sz. , Eötvös University, Dept. G. Chemistry, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány 1/a, Hungary, FOELDIX, Budapest, Irinyi J. u. 36/b. Hungary, Eötvös University, Dept. Phys. Geography, Budapest, Pázmány 1/c, Pécs University, Dept. Informatics/ Technology, H-7625 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6. Hungary, Konkoly Observatory, H-1525 Budapest, Pf. 67. Hungary, Budapest Polytechnic, Kandó Kálmán College of Engineering, 6000-Székesfehérvár, Budai út. Hungary, Berzsenyi College, Dept. Technology, H-9700 Szombathely, Károlyi G. tér 4. Hungary, Eötvös University, Dept. Petrology and Geochemistry, Budapest, Pázmány 1/c, Hungary, Eötvös University, Dept. Meteorology, Budapest, Pázmány 1/a, eWorld Hungary Kft. , 1026 Budapest, Garas u. 1. Eötvös University, Teachers Tr. College, H-1126 Budapest Kiss. J. altb. u. 42, Hungary, Eötvös University, Dept. G. Physics, Budapest, Pázmány s. 1/a, Hungary, (bercziszani@ludens.elte.hu)
Ranking Documents in IR Using VectorBased Ordering In E-Learning

E-Learning provides enormous collection of e-learning materials to the users. But, Most of the retrieved learning materials may be irrelevant to the query posted by the users. The Users spent lot of time to retrieve the pertinent learning materials in the largest domain. Due to this the learning process of a learner is slowed down. Hence, there is a need to develop an efficient retrieval and ranking method in the information learning system. In classical information retrieval model, various strategies were used to rank the documents. These methods ranked the documents based on the retrieval status value which can be computed by using various aggregation operators. These methods rank order the documents without considering the importance of individual term relevance. This paper presents a technique called vector based possibility framework to enhance the performance of classical information retrieval method. This proposed system provides highly relevant learning materials to the learner and it recommends the items based on individual term relevance with respect to the query specified by the user.
Response of trace gases to the disrupted 2015–2016 quasi-biennial oscillation

Abstract. The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a quasiperiodic alternation between easterly and westerly zonal winds in the tropical stratosphere, propagating downward from the middle stratosphere to the tropopause with a period that varies from 24 to 32 months ( ∼ 28 months on average). The QBO wind oscillations affect the distribution of chemical constituents, such as ozone (O3), water vapor (H2O), nitrous oxide (N2O), and hydrochloric acid (HCl), through the QBO-induced meridional circulation. In the 2015–2016 winter, radiosonde observations revealed an anomaly in the downward propagation of the westerly phase, which was disrupted by the upward displacement of the westerly phase from ∼ 30 hPa up to 15 hPa and the sudden appearance of easterlies at 40 hPa. Such a disruption is unprecedented in the observational record from 1953 to the present. In this study we show the response of trace gases to this QBO disruption using O3, HCl, H2O, and temperature from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and total ozone measurements from the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) Merged Ozone Data Set (MOD). Results reveal the development of positive anomalies in stratospheric equatorial O3 and HCl over ∼ 50–30 hPa in May–September of 2016 and a substantial decrease in O3 in the subtropics of both hemispheres. The SBUV observations show near-record low levels of column ozone in the subtropics in 2016, resulting in an increase in the surface UV index during northern summer. Furthermore, cold temperature anomalies near the tropical tropopause result in a global decrease in stratospheric water vapor.
A Comprehensive Study of Antenna Terminology Using HFSS

Antenna is very important component of communication systems. By definition, an antenna is a device used to transform an RF signal, traveling on a conductor, into an electromagnetic wave in free space. Antennas demonstrate a property known as reciprocity, which means that an antenna will maintain the same characteristics regardless if it is transmitting or receiving. Antennas need to be optimized for specific applications like mobile phone, AM/FM, TV etc. And for that purpose the various properties like Size, Gain, Directivity, etc. are modified to get the best results. So, in this paper, we had presented a comprehensive study of antenna terminology by taking an example in HFSS (High Frequency Structured Simulator).
Study on a Method to Improve the Stability of the Sensor Signal Based on PD Controller

In order to solve the high frequency oscillation generated from the video signal of the camera, the study proposes a method to improve the stability of high frequency oscillation of common sensor signal, which means the high frequency oscillation signal generated from the sensor module can increase the phase margin of the unstable signal through PD controller, thus produces a stable video signal and then through the circuit of AGC (Automatic Gain Control), the automatic compensation of the frequency can be achieved and finally the fourth-order low-pass circuit is used to meet the requirement of cutoff frequency of the sensor signal processing and the stability of the signal and the high frequency performance can be ultimately improved.
The Effect of Person-Environment Fit on Turnover Intentions of Employees with the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in Banking Sector of Pakistan

The aim of this study is to find the relationship between person-environment fit (person-job fit, person-supervisor fit, and person-organization) on turnover intention while considering job satisfaction as a mediating variable. The questionnaire based survey was conducted to collect the data for the study. The sample size of the study was 161 employees from 10 different banks of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The results indicate a positive relationship between person-environment fit and job satisfaction while there is negative relationship between person-environment fit and turnover intention. Person-environment fit has a positive relationship with job satisfaction and job satisfaction has a negative relationship with turnover intention. It was also seen that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between person environment fit and turnover intention. Keywords: Job Satisfaction (JS), Person-Environment Fit (PEF), Person-Job Fit (PJF), Person-Organization Fit (POF), Person-Supervisor Fit (PSF), Turnover Intentions (TI)
Characterization and Identification of Bacteria Isolated from Seaweed Gracillaria verrucosa (Linn., 1758) Infected by Ice-ice

Ice-ice disease in cultivated algae occurs due to pathogenic bacterial infections. Generally, ice-ice disease is characterized by whitening of the branches and initiated with the color changes of the thalli becomes transparent. This study was aimed to isolate and identify bacteria on seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa infected with ice-ice. Isolated bacteria was inoculated in Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Sucrose (TCBS). Morphological and biochemical characterization of the bacterial isolates revealed eight species of bacteria were found in infected thalli including Acinetobacter sp. , Pseudomonas sp. , Bacillus sp. , Micrococcus sp. , Corinoverm sp. , Cytophaga sp. , Vibrio mimicus and V. Campbelii , but n ot all identified bacteria are pathogens on Gracilaria verrucosa . The pathogenic bacteria were Acinetobacter sp, Pseudomonas sp, Bacillus sp, Cytophaga sp. and Vibrio sp. The symptoms of ice-ice disease are generally characterized by bleaching thalli at the base, middle and end of the young thalli, which begins with change of thalli color in to white transparent.
Are the Forms Targeted in the Enriched Input Noticed by Learners

This work is an attempt in order to clarify whether the forms targeted in the enriched input are noticed by learners or not. Whiles taking Schmidt’s Noticing Hypothesis and the frequency Hypothesis into consideration all through the study. It also describes how enriched input works for the acquisition provided that learners actually focus on the target structure, which by itself is a demonstration of how important noticing is. While taking the results of several related and partly-related works, it tries to prove the efficacy of enriched input as an FFI option.