Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On scale mixtures of normal distributions

SUMMARY The exponential power family of distributions of Box & Tiao (1973) is shown to be a subset of the class of scale mixtures of normals. The corresponding mixing distributions are explicitly obtained, identifying a close relationship between the exponential power family and a further class of normal scale mixtures, namely the stable distributions.
The blood flow and oxygen consumption of the brain in patients with essential hypertension before and after adrenalectomy.

costerone at the time of the postsympathectomy study, presumably because of interference with adrenal cortical remnants during the sympathectomy operations. I. B. did not require cortisone at the time of the second postadrenalectomy study. All patients were ambulatory and outpatients at the time of the postadrenalectomy tests. 3. Technique of study: Cerebral blood flow was determined in the supine position by the nitrous oxide method and cerebral oxygen consumption, mean arterial pressure and arterial and jugular venous blood constituents were determined as previously described (1, 7).
Thalamic lesions for the control of epilepsy. A study of nine cases.

A CLASSIFICATION of epilepsy into cortical and subcortical types together with the knowledge that cortical brain lesions are sometimes followed by focal cortical seizures leads, not unnaturally, to the supposition that subcortical lesions are followed by subcortical epilepsy. On the contrary, it is now clear that the large numbers of subcortical lesions made in alleviating some of the symptoms of the dyskinesias have not been followed by a wave of subcortical epilepsy. Nor is there an increased incidence of epilepsy in the untreated dyskinesias (except perhaps in athetosis), although these are conditions in which undoubted subcortical pathology exists. In fact, we have never encountered epilepsy in a patient with Paralysis Agitans. We have observed it in association with athetosis and, in 1960, we treated one such patient (case 1) who had right athetosis, right hemiparesis, temporal lobe epilepsy, and a strong epileptic focus in the left temporal lobe. She was
Biliary access loops for intrahepatic stones: results of jejunoduodenal anastomosis

We read with great interest the article by Ramesh et al. regarding the results of jejunoduodenal anastomosis in the management of retained or recurrent intrahepatic stones. In fact, the management of primary intrahepatic lithiasis is complex and not infrequently unsatisfactory as it is usually associated with a high biliary stricture rate and recurrent episodes of cholangitis due to a high incidence of residual or newly formed stones. Because curative segmental liver resection is suitable only in a few cases the standard management of this disease has been surgical stone removal followed by a Roux-en Y bilioenteric anastomosis. However, there is a high incidence of stone recurrence as a consequence of strictures of the intrahepatic biliary tree which imposes the necessity of repeated therapeutic biliary instrumentation. Therefore, many efforts were reported to achieve postoperative access routes to the intrahepatic biliary. As in India, in Brazil the incidence of primary intrahepatic lithiasis is also high and thus our surgical service has accumulated a great experience in the management of this disease. In 2002 we devised and published the technique of jejunoduodenal anastomosis, now used by Dr Ramesh and his collaborators, which allowed us a successful postoperative endoscopic access to the intrahepatic bile ducts for removal of retained or recurrent stones. The technique was used in eight patients, five of which on a first choice basis, without immediate or late postoperative complications or mortality. We thus feel gratified by the observation that other authors have also obtained success in the management of intrahepatic biliary stones by using our previously published technique. The fact that Dr Ramesh reported this technique without knowing our original publication just proves that scientific knowledge is not a privilege of a few but can be developed in different parts of the world.
A review of strategies to prevent mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus infection

ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes long-term, life-threatening liver diseases worldwide. HBV is transmitted through either the horizontal or mother-to-infant route, which is the major route of transmission in endemic areas. Administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine to newborns of infected mothers prevents mother-to-infant transmission. Implementation of a universal hepatitis B vaccination program has proven successful in eliminating the infection and related complications. Nevertheless, efforts are still needed to improve global coverage of the hepatitis B vaccine. Infants born to highly viremic mothers are still at risk of infection despite current immunoprophylaxis. An increasing number of reports have shown promising efficacy and safety profiles with the use of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues in highly viremic pregnant women to prevent mother-to-infant transmission.
O CONSELHO FISCAL COMO INSTRUMENTO DE GESTÃO E CRIAÇÃO DE VALOR AOS ACIONISTAS - UMA ÓTICA DA GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA.

O presente artigo inserido no âmbito da governanca corporativa tem como objetivo a reducao dos custos de agencia e contribuir na avaliacao da importância do conselho fiscal na estrutura das organizacoes, com finalidades lucrativas, como instrumento de controle e apoio a Assembleia de acionistas, a luz da legislacao das sociedades anonimas e da reducao dos conflitos existentes na estrutura de poder das empresas familiares. O trabalho consistiu em uma abordagem de carater eminentemente conceitual e teorica, usando como instrumental de referencia uma pesquisa bibliografica com autores nacionais e internacionais, bem como trabalhos desenvolvidos por entidades, orgaos de classe, como IBGC, CVM, IBRACON e BOVESPA. Observou-se, por outro lado, que a empresa familiar e preponderante no Brasil, e que esse aspecto central limita a atuacao do conselho fiscal no contexto da governanca corporativa.
LIPIDS OF PORCINE SPERMATOZOA, SEMINAL PLASMA AND GEL.

In forty-one ejaculates from six boars totalling 7\m=. \51. the spermatozoa, analysed on an individual ejaculate basis where possible, contained an average of 12\m=. \0%lipid which was composed of phospholipids (74\m=.\7%),cholesterol (12\m=.\6%),diglycerides (5\m=.\7%),triglycerides (4\m=.\5%)and wax esters (2\m=.\4%). Only a small portion of the dry matter of seminal plasma was lipid (0\m=.\23%),which was composed of phospholipids (64\m=.\7%),cholesterol (17\m=.\7%),diglycerides (5\m=.\8%), triglycerides (5\m=.\3%)and wax esters (6\m=.\5%). The gel fraction contained 0\m=. \32%lipid, composed of 51\m=. \6%phospholipid, 28\m=. \3%cholesterol, 6\m=. \3% diglycerides, 6\m=. \0%triglycerides and 7\m=. \8%wax esters.
Mechanism of Reduction of Cortical Blood Flow in Striatocapsular Infarction: Studies Using [123I]Iomazenil SPECT

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using [123I]iomazenil (radioligand of central-type benzodiazepine receptors) was employed to examine two patients with striatocapsular infarction. Patient 1 was a 61-year-old female with motor aphasia and hemiplegia on the right side. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a lesion in the anterior limb of internal capsule and putamen on the left side. SPECT using 99mTc-HMPAO revealed a reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the frontoparietal region on the left side, but the delayed images in SPECT using [123I]iomazenil showed only a mild decrease of accumulation in the frontal lobe. Patient 2 was a 55-year-old male with hemiplegia on the left side. MRI showed a lesion localized in the basal ganglia and posterior limb of the internal capsule on the right side. SPECT using 99mTc-HMPAO revealed a reduction of CBF in the frontoparietal region on the right side and in the cerebellar hemisphere on the left side, but the delayed images in SPECT using [123I]iomazenil showed little decrease of accumulation in parietal lobe. The discrepancy between CBF and receptor images suggested that cortical hypoperfusion on striatocapsular infarction might reflect hypometabolism due to disconnection of the neuronal network between subcortical structure and cortex.
Research on Mood Perception of Microblog Data Flow

This study improve the corpus of emotional perception on the basis of existing research on the data flow of microblog, and use the new corpus to calculate the emotional perception. Design a model and an algorithm to calculating emotional perception of microblog, as well as considered to the short text of microblog. On this basis, use Java computer language programming in the My Eclipse software environment, so that the algorithm can be achieved. Finally, we can get an accurate emotional curve of microblog by collating and calculating the data flow of microblog.
Simulador de Arquiteturas Pipeline Superescalares

Este trabalho possui como foco o desenvolvimento de um simulador de arquiteturas superescalares. Neste simulador, pode-se configurar parâmetros de execucao e acrescentar novas unidades funcionais especificas. Como estudo de caso, e apresentado o desempenho obtido pela insercao de uma unidade de manipulacao de strings a uma configuracao superescalar basica. Com o acrescimo desta unidade, atingiu-se um ganho de ate 2 vezes em comparacao a uma arquitetura nao modificada.
SERUM LEVELS OF SOMATOMEDINS AND SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND THEIR INFANTS

Serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and the low molecular form of somatomedin binding protein (SMBP) were determined in pregnant women and their infants. Longitudinal studies during pregnancy were performed in healthy women, women with GH deficiency (n=3) and women with diabetes or gestational diabetes (n=44). IGF-I, IGF-II and SMBP were determined by radioimmunoassays using polyclonal antibodies.The serum levels of IGF-I and SMBP, but not IGF-II, increased during pregnancy in both healthy women and women with diabetes. In GH deficient women the levels rose to normal pregnant levels. The birth weight percentile of the infants increased with the maternal IGF-I levels and decreased with the maternal SMBP levels. The ratio between maternal IGF-I and SMBP levels improved the correlation to the birth weight percentile. No correlation was found between the birth weight and the isolated values of IGF-I, IGF-II, SMBP and C-peptide in cord blood. The IGF-II levels in cord blood from infants of diabetic women were 50% higher than those of nondiabetic women.The correlation between maternal levels of the birth weight of the infants indicates that maternal IGF-I levels may play a role in the transfer of nutrients to the fetus. The elevated IGF-II levels in cord blood of infants of diabetic women suggest that IGF-II could participate in the glucose homeostasis of the fetus.
Comparison of the Low-Frequency Noise of Bulk Triple-Gate FinFETs With and Without Dynamic Threshold Operation

The low-frequency (LF) noise in standard n-channel triple-gate bulk FinFETs with and without dynamic threshold operation is, for the first time, experimentally investigated in the linear and saturation regions. The origin of the noise will be analyzed in order to understand the physical mechanisms involved in this type of noise. The LF noise characteristics indicate that the DTMOS FinFET devices can be a promising candidate for analog and RF applications.
Modern British Cemented Total Hip Replacement

Total Hip Replacement (THR) is the most successful operation in medical history, and this editorial would like to take a look at the history of its development and how the contributions of great British orthopaedic surgeons made it possible. Britain continues to produce notable orthopaedic surgeons and special mention will go to the founding father of modern THR, Sir John Charnley. Further, the most popular stem in the world of 2015, the Exeter Stem V40, was developed in Britain with over 1 million being implanted in the last 46 years. The THR procedure gives people with disabling pain a chance to regain hold on their life, get out and walk freely again.
Women in the Teaching Profession: Impacts and Challenges

: Recently in Malaysia, women's participation in teaching profession has increased. The increasing trend of women’s participation in the teaching profession poses challenges in families, especially in the developing countries like Malaysia. One of these challenges, concerns in balancing their role between family and job responsibility that faced by many women teachers. The purpose of this study is to discover how women teachers' impact on family happiness and the challenges faced by them in balancing their role between family and job responsibility. The findings presented in this study are based on survey research in a secondary school Dato’ Bijaya Setia in the district of Gugusan Manjoi which is located in Kedah, Malaysia. The study found that employment of women in economic activity has several beneficial impacts of improving the economic condition of the family. The results also revealed that in low income earning families, both husbands and wives’ employment contribute to the family income that less likely to experience of family poverty. The study also showed despite women's teachers’ significant role towards the overall development of the family, the majority of women teachers encountered a number of difficulties in balancing their role between family and job responsibility especially when they need to work more than the normal working time. Therefore, it is common for the majority of women suffering from psychological stress when they are unable to complete the task at a fixed time. The present study also suggests implication of family friendly policy and its appropriate practice to support the women teachers who are significantly contributing to family, community and the country.
Therapy of Progressive Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Corneal Ulceration With Infliximab

Purpose: To review the relative efficacy of the TNFα antagonist infliximab in treating 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Methods: Review of the clinical course of 3 nonconsecutive patients with progressive rheumatoid arthritis-associated peripheral ulcerative keratitis who were initially treated with conventional immunosuppressant therapy and subsequently treated with infliximab. Results: All 3 patients experienced progressive corneal ulceration on oral prednisone and weekly oral or intramuscular methotrexate. They all demonstrated a marked reduction in conjunctival injection, closure of their corneal epithelial defects, and arrest of corneal thinning after receiving infliximab. Two out of 3 patients required patch grafts for treatment of corneal perforations before starting infliximab, and they had no further keratolysis after receiving this agent. Conclusions: Infliximab was effective in arresting progressive rheumatoid arthritis-associated peripheral ulcerative keratitis that was refractory to conventional immunomodulatory therapy.
Summary of recommendations: Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-related Infections.

These guidelines have been developed for healthcare personnel who insert intravascular catheters and for persons responsible for surveillance and control of infections in hospital, outpatient, and home healthcare settings. This report was prepared by a working group comprising members from professional organizations representing the disciplines of critical care medicine, infectious diseases, healthcare infection control, surgery, anesthesiology, interventional radiology, pulmonary medicine, pediatric medicine, and nursing. The working group was led by the Society of Critical Care Medicine
Involvement of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-2, and IL-4 in generation of cytolytic T cells from thymocytes stimulated by a Mycoplasma fermentans-derived product

The capacity of Mycoplasma fermentans-derived high-molecular-weight material (MDHM) to generate cytolytic T cells from mitogen-stimulated murine thymocytes was studied in detail. The role of MDHM and the involvement of monokines and lymphokines resulting from the addition of MDHM to thymocyte cultures were examined in complete and adherent cell-depleted culture systems by the addition of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-6 and in reconstitution experiments with recombinant mediators. The data presented here suggest that MDHM is crucial only in the first phase of a reaction sequence beginning with the stimulation of adherent accessory cells and resulting in the synthesis of IL-1 and IL-6. The lymphokines IL-2 and, primarily, IL-4 are required in a second step which, once these lymphokines are formed, can proceed in the absence of MDHM and accessory cells and leads to the formation of cytolytic T cells. The elucidation of the MDHM-induced reaction sequence may be of relevance in view of the hypothetical role of mycoplasmas in rheumatic disease in humans. M. fermentans is an organism capable of infecting humans and in an early report has been discussed as a causative agent for rheumatoid arthritis.
Psychosocial Outcome in Bipolar I Patients With a Personality Disorder

This study examined whether comorbid personality disorders and other clinical factors were predictive of functional morbidity in bipolar I disorder. Fifty-one participants with a diagnosis of bipolar I were assessed for personality disorders and administered measures of symptomatic and functional outcomes approximately 1 year after a psychiatric hospitalization. Forty-five percent of the sample met criteria for at least one personality disorder, and patients with a personality disorder reported higher levels of residual symptoms at the time of assessment. Two thirds of participants displayed compromised functional outcomes. The three outcome domains examined (i.e., occupational, residential, social/leisure) were related to a range of clinical characteristics, and for all three, either the presence of a personality disorder diagnosis or maladaptive trait scores was associated with impaired functioning. These relationships, however, were not independent of mood symptoms according to multivariate analysis. Residual depression predicted poorer residential and social/leisure outcomes independent of personality disorders or maladaptive traits.
Color Reflectance Spectroscopy : a tool for rapid characterization of deep-sea sediments

During ODP Leg 138, we tested a prototype instrument, developed at Oregon State University, for measuring light reflectance in 511 channels of the visible and near-infrared bands. The technique of reflectance spectroscopy has been used for some time in chemistry and mineralogy (e.g., Hunt, 1977; Gaffey, 1986) and has found applications in remote sensing of natural reflectance from aircraft and satellites (Hoffer, 1984; Goetz et al., 1982), but this technique has not yet been widely used in marine geology (e.g., Chester and Elderfield, 1966; Barranco et al., 1989). Our goal here is to assess the utility of reflectance spectroscopy as a rapid, nonintrusive tool for characterizing the lithology of deep-sea sediments. In this chapter, we report the instrumentation used for the first time during Leg 138, give a few examples of preliminary shipboard results, and make recommendations about further development of the technique in the context of ocean drilling. A more complete discussion of the scientific results appears elsewhere.
Cytophysiological basis of disruptive pigmentary patterns in the leopard frog Rana pipiens. I chromatophore densities and cytophysiology

Statistical analyses of chromatophore densities and morphological states in wild type, burnsi, and kandiyohi: adult Rana pipiens integument yielded the conclusion that disruptive pigmentary pattern is permanently defined by regional chromatophore densities. Spatial chromatophore patterning is enhanced and rendered more visible by the morphological and physiological differences among chromatophores within the various pattern regions. Specifically, (1) chromatophores were differentialy distributed among pattern regions, (2) greater complexity of gross disruptive patterning had greater underlying melanophores densities, (3) there were significant density differences among non‐sib individual animals, among fertilization, and among shipment batches, but not among full‐sibs, and (4)kandiyohi individuals had more while burnsi individuals had fewer total melanophores than wild type. A stellate morphology was significantly correlated with high melanophore density, although the relationship of melanophore density to melanophore morphology differed among pattern regions and among genotypes. The functional interrelationships of density and morphology, and their role in disruptive patterning and coloration, are discussed.
Exploring misconceptions or potentially maladaptive beliefs about coronary heart disease and their relationship with coping behaviours among Taiwanese cardiac patients

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. When people are diagnosed with any illness, the coping behaviours that they adopt are partly determined by their health beliefs. These beliefs are shaped both by the individual and by societal and cultural influences. Studies of patients diagnosed with CHD in Western countries indicate that, if patients hold misconceived or maladaptive beliefs, their self-management behaviours and quality of life may be adversely affected. In CHD, these erroneous beliefs include negative illness representations, inappropriate appraisals of the condition, and misconceptions about the heart disease processes, which may lead to unhelpful ways of coping with their condition. This paper is the first to explore the erroneous or potentially maladaptive beliefs of Taiwanese people who have been diagnosed with CHD. Leventhal’s self-regulatory model provided a theoretical framework for exploring the processes of self-regulation by the study participants, and the ways in which their beliefs influenced their coping strategies. The findings, based on in-depth interviews with 16 people recruited from inpatient and outpatient settings, revealed that cardiac patients’ explanations of, perceptions of and strategies for coping with illness are interrelated and may have a negative influence on coping and recovery. The implications of these findings for clinical practice and policy are discussed.
Chemoprevention of Aflatoxin B1-Initiated and Carbon Tetrachloride-Promoted Hepatocarcinogenesis in the Rat by Green Tea

Chemoprevention of hepatocarcinogenesis by green tea (GT) has been examined in young male Fischer rats fed AIN-76A diet with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and CC4 as the initiator and promoter, respectively. Animals were administered AFB1(0.25 mg/kg body wt ip) twice a week for 2 weeks, and 2 weeks later, CCl4 was injected (0.8 ml/kg body wt ip) once per week for 11 weeks. Rats given 0.5% GT in their drinking water before and during initiation (0-4 wk) or during promotion (6-16 wk) or throughout the experimental period were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose of CCl4. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation as a measure of cell proliferation and glutathione S-transferase placental form- and g-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive hepatic foci were analyzed by histochemical methods. Feeding of GT during initiation or promotion inhibited the number of glutathione S-transferase placental form- and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive hepatic foci by 30-40% and the area and volume by 50%. GT treatment throughout the period inhibited the number of both types of hepatic foci by 60% and the area and volume by 75-80%. Cell proliferation was inhibited 35% by GT given during promotion, whereas inhibition was 65% when GT was given during initiation or throughout the period. These results indicate that GT feeding inhibits initiation and promotion steps of AFB1; hepatocarcinogenesis and that the inhibition of cell proliferation is responsible for the inhibition of promotion.