Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Horizontal integration in markets for complementary components and vertical product differentiation: A case-based analysis in the semiconductor industry

Observations of recent mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the semiconductor and computer industry indicate that activities concentrate on the technology leaders in this market. The author examines the influence of players’ heterogeneous product technologies on their involvement in M&A. He provides a rationale for the influence with the help of a case study and a two-stage non cooperative game. The case is about an acquisition wave between suppliers in two semiconductor component markets. Exemplary for the whole industry, acquisition activities concentrated on the technology leader in one of the component markets. Technological heterogeneity is represented within a vertically differentiated product space in the model.
BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND SUCCESS OF MPAS

1) Empirical evidence from existing marine reserves indicates that density, biomass, diversity, and mean size of organisms are greater inside marine reserves than in reference areas. This increase is primarily in fished species, and the effect is stronger for species at higher trophic levels and for species with greater body size. Although there is some evidence that larger increases can occur in species with limited mobility, comparisons among species with varying adult mobility are in other cases confounded by the stronger influences of fishing intensity.
Improvement from the satellite-derived NOx emissions on
air quality modeling and its effect on ozone and secondary
inorganic aerosol formation in Yangtze River Delta, China

We developed a top-down methodology combining the inversed chemistry transport modeling and satellitederived tropospheric vertical column of NO2 and estimated the NOx emissions of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region at a horizontal resolution of 9 km for January, April, July, and October 2016. The effect of the top-down emission estimation on air quality modeling and the response of ambient ozone (O3) and inorganic aerosols (SO2− 4 , NO − 3 , and NH+4 , SNA) to the changed precursor emissions were evaluated with the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) system. The top-down estimates of NOx emissions were smaller than those (i.e., the bottom-up estimates) in a national emission inventory, Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), for all the 4 months, and the monthly mean was calculated to be 260.0 Gg/month, 24 % less than the bottom-up one. The NO2 concentrations simulated with the bottom-up estimate of NOx emissions were clearly higher than the ground observations, indicating the possible overestimation in the current emission inventory, attributed to its insufficient consideration of recent emission control in the region. The model performance based on top-down estimate was much better, and the biggest change was found for July, with the normalized mean bias (NMB) and normalized mean error (NME) reduced from 111 % to −0.4 % and from 111 % to 33 %, respectively. The results demonstrate the improvement of NOx emission estimation with the nonlinear inversed modeling and satellite observation constraint. With the smaller NOx emissions in the top-down estimate than the bottom-up one, the elevated concentrations of ambient O3 were simulated for most of the YRD, and they were closer to observations except for July, implying the VOC (volatile organic compound)-limited regime of O3 formation. With available ground observations of SNA in the YRD, moreover, better model performance of NO−3 and NH + 4 was achieved for most seasons, implying the effectiveness of precursor emission estimation on the simulation of secondary inorganic aerosols. Through the sensitivity analysis of O3 formation for April 2016, the decreased O3 concentrations were found for most of the YRD region when only VOC emissions were reduced or the reduced rate of VOC emissions was 2 times of that of NOx , implying the crucial role of VOC control in O3 pollution abatement. The SNA level for January 2016 was simulated to decline 12 % when 30 % of NH3 emissions were reduced, while the change was much smaller with the same reduced rate for SO2 or NOx . The result suggests that reducing NH3 emissions was the most effective way to alleviate SNA pollution of the YRD in winter. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 1192 Y. Yang et al.: Improvement of satellite-derived NOx emissions in YRD
Unified Graph Embedding-Based Anomalous Edge Detection

Detecting anomalous edges in graph-structured data plays an important role in many fields such as finance, social network, and network security. Recently, graph embedding based anomaly detection methods show promising results. These methods typically encode graph structure information into vector representation and apply general anomaly detection methods. However, since the parameters in these two parts are learned separately with different objectives, the learned representation may contain some information irrelevant to the task. It would be ideal if we can combine representation learning and anomaly detection into one objective function to force the model to focus on learning task relevant patterns. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end neural network architecture that can accurately estimate the probability distribution of edges in the graph based on its local structure. An edge has a high chance to be considered an anomaly if the probability of its existence is low. Extensive experiments on several public datasets at different scales show that the accuracy and scalability of our method outperform other methods by a large margin.
The role of innovation in industrial dynamics and productivity growth: a survey of the literature

We review the theoretical underpinnings and the empirical findings of the literature that investigates the effects of innovation on firm survival and firm productivity, which constitute the two main channels through which innovation drives growth. We aim to contribute to the ongoing debate along three paths. First, we discuss the extent to which the theoretical perspectives that inform the empirical models allow for heterogeneity in the effects of R&D/innovation on firm survival and productivity. Secondly, we draw attention to recent modeling and estimation effort that reveals novel sources of heterogeneity, non-linearity and volatility in the gains from R&D/innovation, particularly in terms of its effects on firm survival and productivity. Our third contribution is to link our findings with those from prior reviews to demonstrate how the state of the art is evolving and with what implications for future research.
Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies

1 Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. anisjasmi@gmail.com 2 School of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia. nazlina@uum.edu. my 3 School of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia, julienti@uum.edu. my ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History Revised format: May 2020 Available Online: June 2020 Conflicting views on corporate social responsibility have led to various studies on CSR. However, the previous studies focused mainly on large firms rather than small and medium entrepreneurs. It is important to study corporate social responsibility in the context of small and medium enterprises. This is because any initiatives taken by small and medium enterprises can affect society and the economy due their large contributions. Therefore, this paper provides a view on corporate social responsibility among Malaysian entrepreneurs, mainly small and medium enterprises.
A Causal Nexus of Energy Consumption, Private Investment, Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation: Evidence from Pakistan

The importance of private investment in the growth process of a country cannot be denied, however, its relationship with environmental degradation has not got much attention from researchers yet. The present study is an attempt to divert the attention of researchers and policy makers to the association with private investment and environmental degradation. The time series data was used from 1975 to 2017. The data was taken from WDI. To analyze the causal link among environmental degradation, private investment, energy consumption and economic growth, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model is used. Granger causality test is employed for knowing the course of causality in the variables. The results of the VAR model suggest that if an innovation of one standard deviation occurs from outside, it takes about 12 years for CO2 emissions, 9 years for private investment, 10 years for energy consumption and about 8years for economic growth to adjust. Moreover, the results show that most of the variation in all variables is explained by their own. Granger causality test identifies four unilateral causalities in the variables running from CO2 emissions to economic growth while the consumption of energy to CO2 emissions, energy consumption to economic growth while from economic growth to private investment. The study recommends policy makers to make environmental friendly policies regarding consumption of energy, private investment and also economic growth.
Generating Syntactically Diverse Translations with Syntactic Codes

When using machine translation products, users may desire to see candidate translations other than the best one. In this scenario, users usually expect the machine translation system to provide more candidates with drastically different syntactic structures. However, it is undesirable that the candidate translations contain less appropriate words which alter the meaning or nuance of the source sentence. To obtain diverse sentences, conventional NMT models allow one to sample translations using the beam search algorithm, but the sampled translation results usually share similar syntactic structures. Recently, various methods [7, 12] are proposed to generate sentences with high diversity. These methods encourage the model to use creative vocabulary during the generation process. Most of them evaluate the generated results with corpus-level metrics such as the discrepancy of word distributions. Although producing creative words benefits tasks such as conversation generation, however in machine translation, it can damage the translation quality by changing the original meaning. Here, we are interested in generating multiple translations with only syntactic diversity. Once the syntactic structure is determined, we want the model to still select the best words for each candidate translation. To minimize the cost of modification to the neural machine translation (NMT) models, we prefix the target sentences with syntactic tags that indicate their structures. As the tokens are generated in leftto-right order during decoding, the NMT model is forced to plan the syntactic structure before generating words. This approach can be easily integrated to existing NMT products as no modification to the NMT model architecture is required. In this work, we choose the syntactic tags to represent the global syntactic structure of a sentence. Information about local structures such as the number of words in a noun phrase is not desired and has to be omitted in the tags. As consequence, we choose to simplify the part-of-speech (POS) tags and use it as a global structural representation. To eliminate the negative impact on decoding NMT Model target sentence
Redo aortic valve replacement for prosthesis endocarditis in patients previously classified as high or prohibitive risk: a narrative review

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and sutureless aortic valve replacement (Su-AVR) enabled in the last years many patients at high or prohibitive risk to be treated for their severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis. As often happens in medicine, new techniques bring not only new hopes, but also new problems. In recent years, alongside the lengthening of the life of these patients treated with TAVI or Su-AVR, cardiologists and cardiac surgeons have had to face the long-term complications associated with the implantation of these devices, such as the prosthetic infective endocarditis. The correct management of prosthesis valve endocarditis after TAVI or Su-AVR in high risk patients, and the possible role of surgery are a matter of debate because pushing the limits of the modern medicine and becoming a new challenge for cardiac surgeons of 21st century. In this review, we summarized the incidence, characteristics and evidences for this new and controversial problem of the cardiovascular community. Moreover, we investigated the outcomes reported in literature of the conservative and the surgical strategy. Although the reported mortality rate of surgical treatment is high, seems not prohibitive, mostly if compared to conservative medical therapy. The collaborative exchange between cardiologist, cardiac surgeons, clinical microbiologists and expert of imaging is mandatory to face this challenge.
Research progress of the inclusion of tau-leptons in the Higgs to four lepton decay channel with the ATLAS detector

The Standard Model, SM, Higgs boson to four lepton (either electrons or muons) decay channel has good signal to background ratio and can be used to reconstruct the Higgs boson invariant mass with a good resolution over an intermediate mass range Higgs boson. This makes the four lepton channel one the most relevant channels to study at the Large Hadron Collider, where a Higgs boson has been discovered with a mass of approximately 125 GeV. Although the Higgs boson to four lepton decay channel played an important role in this discovery, the decay leptons considered excluded tau leptons in the final state. Reasons for this lie in the hard-to-detect hadronic or leptonic tau decays. A study which includes tau leptons in the four lepton decay channel is beneficial to completing the picture of the Higgs boson search, particularly in the statistically limited vector-boson-fusion production mode. The implementation of tau decay to this channel is discussed.
‘The youth factor is critical to sustainable SACCOs growth and development in Africa’

This study aimed at identifying the current status of youth involvement in SACCOs’ activities and subsequently role in social capital development. A sample size was used through a literature based survey (n=120) with a stratified random sample spread across Kenya. The results indicate that less than 10% of responding SACCOs have the youth in leadership position. The study concludes that SACCO growth can be enhanced by focusing on various challenges facing the youth, in an effort to have a solid resource mobilization mechanism. A research conducted in the capital city of Kenya to gauge their perceptions of SACCO. Youth serve as economic cornerstone of Africa’s development since they constitute the majority of Africa’s population today Submitted to the 11 SACCA Congress Meeting on “‘fostering the Culture of entrepreneurship and Innovation in SACCOs’ organized by Africa Confederation of Co-operative Saving and Credit Association (ACCOSCA) in collaboration with the Government of Swaziland, Swaziland Association of Savings & Credit Coop (SASCCO) and Canadian Co-operative Association, 4-8 October 2010, Swaziland
SENSITIVITY ANALYSES FOR A HIGH-ORDER SIMULATION USED IN THE STP GSI-191 RISK-INFORMED RESOLUTION PROJECT

Output from a high-order simulation model with random inputs may be difﬁcult to fully evaluate absent an understanding of sensitivity to the inputs. We describe a sensitivity analysis procedure applied to a large-scale computer simulation model of the processes associated with NRC Generic Safety Issue (GSI) 191. Our GSI-191 simulation model has a number of distinguishing features: (i) The model is large in scale in that it has a high-dimensional vector of inputs; (ii) Some model inputs are governed by probability distributions; (iii) A key model output is the probability of system failure–a rare event; (iv) The model’s outputs require estimation by Monte Carlo sampling, including the use of variance reduction techniques; (v) It is computationally expensive to obtain precise estimates of the failure probability; (vi) We seek to propagate key uncertainties on model inputs to obtain distributional characteristics of the model’s outputs; and, (vii) The overall model involves a loose coupling between a physics-based stochastic simulation sub-model and a logic-based Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) sub-model via multiple initiating events in the latter sub-model
Anti-angiogenic potential of ardisia crispa roots ethanolic extract and its quinone-rich fraction in mice

Angiogenesis is the process of blood vessel formation which plays a crucial role in normal physiology, and also in the progression of various chronic diseases such as cancer, arthritis and such. As targeting angiogenesis has become an important strategy in the search of treatments of various debilitating ailments, it is a need-based study to identify a natural source of anti-angiogenic agent that may halt the progression of angiogenesis event. Ardisia crispa, locally known as “mata itik” (Family: Myrsinaceae) has been used in traditional Malay medicine to treat various ailments related to inflammation. Ardisia crispa roots have been shown to treat various inflammation-related diseases in several previous studies. As angiogenesis is strongly correlated with inflammation, the aim of the present study was to evaluate anti-angiogenic potential of the hexane partition of Ardisia crispa roots ethanolic extract (ACRH) and its quinone- rich fraction (QRF) on several experimental models, namely Miles vascular permeability test, murine air pouch granuloma and mouse sponge implantation test. Preliminary cyclooxygenase and soy lipoxygenase inhibitory study were also conducted to elucidate the possible pathways involved. Preliminary phytochemical screening of ACRH indicated the abundant presence of flavonoid, triterpene and tannin. Quinone- rich fraction (QRF) was separated from ACRH (38.33% w/w) and further isolated to yield a compound, namely fAC-2, indicated by a single TLC spot at Rf: 0.76. The compound was later found to be impure, when later analysed with GC-MS. Nevertheless, fAC-2 was elucidated to possess a major constituent of a benzoquinonoid compound (2-methoxy-6-undecyl-1, 4-benzoquinone), when compared with the standard data. Both ACRH and QRF were also quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For toxicity study, the LD50 value of ACRH was found to be 617.02 mg/kg. In Miles vascular permeability assay, the lowest dose of both ACRH and QRF (10 mg/kg) produced significant reduction in VEGF-induced hyperpermeability compared to vehicle control. In murine air pouch granuloma, ACRH and QRF displayed significant and dose-dependent angiogenic and inflammatory inhibition, in which significant reduction of vascular index and granuloma tissue weight was observed at high dose (100 mg/kg). ACRH and QRF were also shown to possess selective COX-2 inhibitory properties which were dose-dependent, though COX-1 inhibition was also observed in a lower percentage. On the other hand, ACRH and QRF did not exhibit LOX inhibitory activity. Interestingly, fAC-2 showed its selectivity towards the inhibition of COX-2, instead of COX-1, and showed to be a moderate LOX inhibitor. Thus, it can be concluded that Ardisia crispa roots showed potential anti-angiogenic properties by partly mediating COX-2 activity, as shown in the in vitro screening, and it is postulated that fAC-2 (2-methoxy-6-undercyl-1, 4-benzoquinone) displays dual COX-2 and LOX once it is purely isolated in a large scale and tested in vivo.
Investigation of the Simulation Study of Single Gate Extended Source SOI-Tunnel Field Effect Transistors

1Teaching Assistant, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and SciencePilani, Hyderabad, Telangana ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The proposed work presents an extensive simulation study of the various parameters of SOI Single Gate Tunnel field effect transistors with extended source and compare it with standard TFET structure using Sentaurus TCAD. The parameters such as Ion, Ioff, Subthreshold wing and Threshold Voltage are studied for different Source doping, extension width and length variation and for variation width of the body oxide. Finally, an encouraging model with all the optimum parameters is derived for the parameters of interest.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Commercialy Important Prawns and Shrimps Species Collected From Vile-Parle and Bandra Markets of Mumbai (West Coast) India

The Prawn and shrimp samples were collected from local markets of Vile –Parle and Bandra suburban areas of Mumbai city from June to December 2013. These prawn samples were dried in the laboratory and, the dried prawns were crushed into a fine powder by mortar and pestle and stored in amber colored bottles in vacuum desiccators. These samples were evaluated by Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer for the determination of the ten heavy metals namely Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Hg. In the present work, the mean values at minimum and maximum concentrations of copper, zinc, iron and chromium in the prawns and shrimp samples are found below the maximum specified acceptable concentration where as Mn, cobalt, nickel, lead, and cadmium these values were found above the maximum specified acceptable concentration as prescribed by WHO. The mean values of the minimum and maximum concentrations of mercury in the prawns and shrimp samples were not detected as these concentrations were either less than 0.001ppm or absent in all the species of prawns and shrimps.
A Six Lead Electrocardiogram of Trypanosoma Brucei Infected Dogs

The cardiac function of dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei infection was studied electrocardiographically. Ten mongrel dogs clinically free of cardiac abnormalities were used for the study. They were intra-peritoneally inoculated with 1 ml of Phosphate buffered saline diluted blood containing 1x106 of the federe strain of the parasite. A six lead electrocardiogram was taken in each of the dogs before and at 8th 16th and 24th days after inoculation of the parasites. Ventricular premature contraction, Atrio-ventricular blocks, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, notched R wave, ST wave abnormalities and sinoventricular rhythm were displayed by the infected dogs. The infected dogs had elevated heart rate in all the six leads studied. At various times during the infection, QT and QTC of the infected dogs were significantly lower than the uninfected ones in leads II and AVF. At various days during the infection the QRS index was significantly wider than those of the uninfected dogs. T. brucei infected dogs have a lower variability of their RR index when compared to the uninfected ones. The R wave voltage was significantly reduced and T wave amplitude was significantly increased by the infection in lead AVL and lead I respectively. The result of this study has shown that T. brucei caused arrhythmia and ECG changes in dogs. The increased heart rate, reduced RR variability, and the shortened QT and QTC width seen during the infection reflects the enhanced state of the sympathetic activity in the infected dogs.