Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting cell dormancy and load balancing in LTE HetNets: Optimizing the proportional fairness utility

We consider the problem of maximizing the proportional fairness (PF) utility over heterogeneous wireless networks (HetNets) by jointly exploiting cell dormancy (cell ON-OFF) - wherein some transmission nodes from a set of interest are made inactive - and load balancing (user association) - wherein users are associated to the active transmission nodes in that set with each user being associated with only one node. We establish that this joint optimization problem which is a discrete optimization problem, is strongly NP-hard. Nevertheless, we prove that the load balancing sub-problem for any given set of active transmission nodes is not NP-hard but instead can be re-formulated as an asymmetric assignment problem and hence can be optimally solved in an efficient manner. In addition, we propose another lower complexity greedy algorithm for the load balancing sub-problem which offers a near-optimal average-case performance and a worst-case performance guarantee. We then propose a low-complexity algorithm for the joint optimization problem. Simulations over an example LTE HetNet topology reveal the superior performance of the proposed algorithms and underscore the significant benefits of jointly exploiting cell dormancy and load balancing.
Millimeter-wave wireless communication in a data center cabinet with adaptive control of propagation

A 60 GHz wireless communication system has been proposed as a replacement for data cables in a data-center cabinet in order to reduce the significant cooling energy costs. This paper investigates the feasibility of placing adaptive absorber-reflector regions on the sides of a cabinet as a static channel fading counter-measure and also to optimize performance for a particular server. As a result of a ray-tracing simulation it is shown that the capacity could be increased by 2.8 bits/s/Hz at an SNR of 20 dB at the median value.
Developing Standards for Research Practice: Some Issues for Consideration

Abstract This chapter considers the current standards that exist for the conduct of research and whether these standards are being met. Issues of scope and terminology are discussed and debated. Also considered are the reasons and benefits to the Academy of Social Sciences and other professional and disciplinary bodies by being involved in developing generic ethics principles in social science research.
Abnormal nonlinear optical properties of hybrid graphene-TiO2 nanostructures.

The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of graphene-TiO2 nanoparticle (GNP) composite and graphene-TiO2 nanowire composite (GNW) are investigated by spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) and Z-scan. The SSPM results of the GNP and GNW show that they possess strong self-diffraction effects at 1100 nm and no signal at 700 nm, which is different from all previous reports of other two-dimensional materials. A possible mechanism is that NLO behaviors are dominated by TiO2 at the visible wavelength, while by graphene at a near-infrared wavelength. The Z-scan results of the GNP and GNW show reverse saturable absorption (RSA) at 700 nm, but saturable absorption (SA) at 1100 nm. Our results demonstrate that, by choosing appropriate coupling, we could design two-dimensional materials that have specific NLO properties at particular wavelengths.
Host Plant Resistance of Cool-Season (C3) Turfgrasses to Above- and Belowground Feeding by Tipula paludosa (Diptera: Tipulidae)

ABSTRACT Feeding on above- and belowground plant tissues by Tipula paludosa Meigen during the period of rapid growth from second to forth instars is highly damaging to cool-season (C3) turfgrasses. It may be possible to reduce this damage by identifying grass genotypes that increase host plant protection. This study examined the impacts of plant genotype, endophyte infection, and plant ontogeny on host plant and insect responses during whole-plant feeding by T. paludosa. A series of no-choice greenhouse trials were conducted with third instar crane flies to determine 1) host plant tolerance in terms of reductions to above- and belowground plant biomass, 2) antixenosis resistance impacting insect behavior (emigration), and 3) antibiosis resistance impacting insect growth. Results showed that insect infestation level was the primary factor influencing plant biomass reductions. Belowground tissues were more tolerant to feeding than were aboveground tissues, with tall fescues, Festuca arundinacea Schreber, being most resistant to aboveground biomass reduction. Host plant associations with intercellular fungal endophytes (E+) decreased insect weight gain and decreased insect movement, but did not increase host plant tolerance. Plant ontogeny affected this response with insect weight gain significantly decreased on young (28 d) growth E+ grasses but not on old (90 d) growth E+ grasses, however. Host plant genotype and plant ontogeny can have significant impacts to host plant tolerance and insect physiology for T. paludosa larva. Furthermore, plant-endophyte associations have apparent sublethal effects that impact insect fitness and may further enhance host plant protection.
Market Structure, Corporate Performance, and Innovative Activity

Innovation - in products and processes - is an increasingly significant source of competitive advantage for firms and nations. Analysing extensive data on major innovations in the UK, this book examines the role of innovative activity in the structure of markets and the performance of firms. From this the author draws lessons on strategies for innovation for governments and firms alike. In particular, he addresses four questions which have long attracted the interst of economists: - does the structure of product markets affect the pace of innovative activity? - what are the effects of innovative activity on market structure? - how large a contribution does innovative activity make to productivity growth? - how does innovative activity affect corporate performance? In answering these important questions the author draws lessons for makers of public and business policy towards innovation.
An eye-opening experience.

Probably most of us are familiar with the expression of an " eye opening experience. " By eye opening experience, we are referring to some experience that we felt naïve, deceived, left out of important facts or maybe just failure to think it through well enough. We learn from Eve's eye opening experience that there is a difference between Innocence and naïve [gullible] (2 Cor.2:11; Prov.1:22). Satan planted the seed in Gen.3:4-6. Satan attacked the innocence of Eve (free of guilt/ 2 Cor.5:21) by telling her that she could have an eye opening experience and be like God. When she began to consider this lie, she became naïve (Gen.3:4-5). When she believed the lie, she became deceived. When she ate or disobeyed, she fell into the transgression of God's Directive Will. (Gen.3:6-7) (2 Cor.11:3) " But I am afraid that, as the serpent deceived Eve by his craftiness, your minds will be led astray from the simplicity and purity of devotion to Christ. The world calls this " growing up the fast way " or by " the way of hard knocks ". God's way is to " grow in grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. " (2 Pet.3:18) 1. What the Bible called Eve's deception in mind was fantasy imagination. She created spiritual fantasy images in her mind that were not a reality in the Word of God. (Ps.73:7b) " The imaginations of their heart run riot. Fantasy imagination: (Gen.3:6a) " When the woman saw (raah / kal impf) that the tree was good for food; and that it was a delight to the eye, and that the tree was desirable to make one wise, " Word of God: (Gen.2:17) " But from the tree of knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat from it you shall surely die. " Covetousness (desire for the forbidden) Discontent with God's grace Cosmos Diabolicus is anticlimactical wisdom: (1 Cor.1:20) " Where is the wise man? Where is the scribe? Where is the debater of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world? " (Gen.3:13) 2. Eve ignored two important basic doctrinal truths. 1 st basic doctrinal truth: Cosmos Diabolicus (CD) is based on Satan's lies because it is base on his essence. Any part of a (CD) lie voids the whole truth of God's Word …
GAMIFICATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION – STUDENTS AND ACADEMICS INTEREST IN GAMING

Gamification is defined as the use of game design elements in non-game contexts and aims to change the behaviour of a user by enhancing motivation and hence participation in an activity. In a higher education (HE) context, the literature indicates that gamification can enhance student engagement and learning. This work used a survey to determine technology use and gauge opinions of gamification among academics (n=80) and students (n=73) within a London university. The results indicate a majority of both students and academics showed a positive interest in gamification but this was more pronounced in students. A majority of academics and students showed an interest in the use of online learning communities, virtual rewards, competitions and challenges and unlocking learning levels. While most academic staff were interested in gamification only a minority thought it would lead to improved learning and student grades while a majority of students thought this. There was no significant difference in interest in gamification based on age or gender but some ethnicity specific differences were observed. These findings indicate there is an interest in gamification in academics and students but for it to be adopted we need to address the disconnect between students and academics, to take cultural differences into account when designing gamified activities and provide an adaptable learning environment that suits the preferences of students.
The Introduction of Proactive Behavior to School Cooperation Administrators: Study in Catholic High School Cooperation St. Louis 1 Surabaya

This study aims at introducing proactive behavior to school cooperative board and members who have not completely comprehended it yet. In fact, they did not know how to proactively behave and implement them within the scope of school cooperative organization. This is a descriptive qualitative study using a depth interview with three performing as the key informants. In addition, the questionnaires as the research instruments were distributed among 20 cooperative members. Both the hypothetical standard deviation and mean hypothetical formula were used to calculate the percentage of each dimension in data analayis. Six dimensions of the introduction of proactive behavior were identified such as identifying and capitalizing the opportunities, creating favorable conditions, carrying out socialization, seeking feedback, identifying sales problem (issue selling), and creating innovation. Carried out through workshops and mentoring, the introduction of the pro active behavior has ssignificantly increased the proactive behavior management quality to the members of the school cooperation.
Use of BMI in the assessment of undernutrition in older subjects: reflecting on practice

In recent years there has been a proliferation of nutrition screening tools but undernutrition remains prevalent amongst older subjects. Screening tools commonly include BMI as the widely-accepted ‘gold standard’ indicator of malnutrition. Whilst BMI may be an appropriate tool for population studies when it can be measured accurately in research conditions, the use of BMI in clinical practice may mask important weight changes and result in a failure to alert healthcare staff to a nutritional problem. The inclusion of BMI has been identified as a barrier to completing the screening process at ward level. Also, feedback from dietitians working with older subjects indicates that 72.5% of those using BMI express concerns that it is of limited use for practical reasons or that the reference range (20–25 kg/m2) is not appropriate to older subjects. Further evidence questions whether or not BMI is applicable for inclusion in methods used to identify an older subject at risk of undernutrition in a variety of care settings. In view of these findings it is advocated that weight change over a period of time together with clinical judgement is a far superior prognostic indicator of undernutrition. Despite screening, there is evidence that inpatients continue to lose weight before discharge. Further experiential evidence from both community and ward settings suggests that inadequacies in care planning, food provision and a lack of assistance with feeding are common. In order to improve the management of undernutrition in older subjects it is therefore recommended that the focus of attention should be on addressing these practical issues and on the effective monitoring of these processes.
Effects of Asialo-Erythropoietin on Pain-Related Behavior and Expression of Phosphorylated-P38 Map Kinase and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Induced by Application of Autologous Nucleus Pulposus on Nerve Root in Rat

Study Design. This study was designed to examine the neuroprotective effects of asialo-erythropoietin (A-EPO) in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation. Objective. To investigate the effects of A-EPO on pain-related behavior, the expression of phosphorylated-p38 (p-p38) mitogen activated kinase, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-&agr;) induced by nucleus pulposus (NP) application on the nerve root. Summary of Background Data. Erythropoietin (EPO) has neuroprotective effects in a variety of models of central and peripheral nerve injuries. However, EPO is a hematopoietic growth factor and can therefore cause significant side effects such as thicker blood and promotion of blood clotting. A-EPO is a neuroprotective derivative of EPO that is not hematopoietic. Methods. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 149) were used in this study. NP harvested from the tail was applied to the left L5 nerve root and the rats were then divided into four groups: NP + nontreatment group, no further treatment; NP + A-EPO group, 13.4 &mgr;g/kg A-EPO; NP + EPO group, 13.4 &mgr;g/kg EPO; and NP + vehicle group, received vehicle. The substances were administered subcutaneously 1 day before surgery and daily for 2 weeks. In the sham group of animals, the L5 nerve root was exposed and NP was not applied. Withdrawal thresholds were determined by the von-Frey test 28 days after surgery. The expressions of p-p38 and TNF-&agr; were assessed by immunohistochemical and immunoblotting analysis. Data were analyzed by unpaired Student t test and Dunnett t test (significance level, P < 0.05). Results. In the NP + nontreatment and NP + vehicle groups, withdrawal thresholds were decreased significantly for 28 days compared with the sham group (P < 0.05). In the NP + A-EPO group, the thresholds were significantly increased on day 28, and in the NP + EPO group, the thresholds were significantly increased on days 21 and 28 (P < 0.05) compared with the NP + nontreatment and NP + vehicle groups. The expression of p-p38 in the NP + A-EPO group was significantly lower than that in the NP + vehicle group on day 1 (P < 0.05). The expression of TNF in the NP + A-EPO and NP + EPO groups was significantly lower than that in the NP + vehicle group on days 1 and 7 (P < 0.05). Conclusions. A-EPO improved pain-related behavior and reduced the expression of p-p38 and TNF-&agr;. The effect of A-EPO may be related to the inhibitory action of p-p38 and TNF-&agr; in the dorsal root ganglion.
On stochastic geometry analysis of dense WLAN with dynamic carrier sense threshold and rate control

Recently, wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been densely deployed. In high density WLANs, co-channel interference has become one of the biggest challenges for the network performance. The IEEE 802.11 based WLANs have limited wireless channels, therefore, not all the adjacent APs can work in different non-overlapping channels and co-channel interference will affect the network performance severely. To get better network performance, transmit power control scheme is used to reduce the co-channel interference from neighbour nodes. However, transmit power control scheme may cause asymmetric links, we propose a dynamic carrier sense and rate control (DCR) scheme to improve the network performance in dense WLANs. The DCR scheme mainly tunes the carrier sense threshold (CST) and rate for the edge stations (STAs). A stochastic geometry model is also demonstrated for the analysis of the network performance. The network performance is evaluated by the coverage probability. Then, we simulate the coverage probability of WLAN which uses the existing static carrier sense threshold scheme and the proposed DCR scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed DCR scheme yields better coverage probability compared with the existing static carrier sense threshold scheme.
Requirements for Distributed Mobility Management

This document defines the requirements for Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) at the network layer. The hierarchical structure in traditional wireless networks has led primarily to centrally deployed mobility anchors. As some wireless networks are evolving away from the hierarchical structure, it can be useful to have a distributed model for mobility management in which traffic does not need to traverse centrally deployed mobility anchors far from the optimal route. The motivation and the problems addressed by each requirement are also described.
Ionic basis of the resting membrane potential in cultured rat sympathetic neurons

&NA; The conductances which determine the resting membrane potential of rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) neurons were investigated using perforated voltage‐ and current‐clamp whole‐cell techniques. The resting potential of SCG cells varied from ‐47 to ‐80 mV (‐58.3 ± 0.8 mV, n = 55). Blockade of M and h currents induced a depolarisation (7.4 ± 0.7 mV, n = 22) and a hyperpolarisation (7.2 ± 0.7 mV, n = 20) respectively; however, no correlation between the amplitude of these currents and the resting potential was found. The inhibition of the Na/K pump also induced membrane depolarisation (3.2 ± 0.2 mV, n = 8). Inhibition of voltage‐gated currents unmasked a voltage‐independent resting conductance reversing at ‐50 mV. The reversal potential of the voltage‐independent conductance, which included the electrogenic contribution of the Na/K pump, was strongly correlated with the resting potential (R = 0.87, p < 0.0001, n = 30). Ionic substitution experiments confirmed the existence of a voltage‐independent conductance (leakage) with four components, a main potassium conductance, two minor sodium and chloride conductances and a small contribution of the Na/K pump. It is concluded that the resting potential of SCG cells strongly depends on the reversal potential of the voltage‐independent conductance, with voltage‐activated M and h currents playing a prominent stabilising role.
Topical Tranexamic Acid Reduces Blood Loss in Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty Receiving Rivaroxaban

Background It is unclear whether topical (intra-articular) or intravenous TXA reduces blood loss in minimally invasive TKA patients receiving a direct oral anticoagulant for thromboprophylaxis. This study is to investigate whether TXA given intravenously or intra-articularly is effective in reducing blood loss in minimally invasive TKA patients using rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis. Methods Ninety-three patients who underwent primary minimally invasive TKA were divided into placebo group (30 patients) that received saline both intravenously and intra-articularly, intravenous (IV) group (31 patients) that received 1 g TXA intravenously, and topical group (32 patients) that received 3 g TXA in 100 ml saline intra-articularly. All patients received oral rivaroxaban of 10 mg daily for 14 days postoperatively. Results p < 0.001 and p = 0.041. The mean total blood loss was 1131 mL (567–1845) in placebo, which was higher than that in the IV group (921 mL; range, 465–1495; p = 0.014) and the topical group (795 mL; range, 336–1350; p < 0.001). The total blood loss did not differ between the IV and the topical group (p = 0.179). Conclusion This prospective, randomized, controlled trial demonstrated an equal efficacy of TXA in blood conservation when administered intravenously or topically in minimally invasive TKA patients receiving rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis.
Recent advances in superhydrophobic surfaces and their relevance to biology and medicine

By mimicking naturally occurring superhydrophobic surfaces, scientists can now realize artificial surfaces on which droplets of a few microliters of water are forced to assume an almost spherical shape and an extremely high contact angle. In recent decades, these surfaces have attracted much attention due to their technological applications for anti-wetting and self-cleaning materials. Very recently, researchers have shifted their interest to investigate whether superhydrophobic surfaces can be exploited to study biological systems. This research effort has stimulated the design and realization of new devices that allow us to actively organize, visualize and manipulate matter at both the microscale and nanoscale levels. Such precise control opens up wide applications in biomedicine, as it allows us to directly manipulate objects at the typical length scale of cells and macromolecules. This progress report focuses on recent biological and medical applications of superhydrophobicity. Particular regard is paid to those applications that involve the detection, manipulation and study of extremely small quantities of molecules, and to those that allow high throughput cell and biomaterial screening.
Three-dimensional kinetic analysis of side-foot and instep soccer kicks.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the kinetic aspects of side-foot and instep soccer kicks to understand the different mechanics underlying the two kicks. METHODS The motions of both kicks were captured using a three-dimensional cinematographic technique. The kicking leg was modeled as a three-link kinetic chain composed of thigh, shank, and foot, from which joint torques and angular velocities were computed. RESULTS The ball velocity of the side-foot kick (23.4 +/- 1.7 m x s(-1)) was significantly slower than that of the instep kick (28.0 +/- 2.1 m.s(-1)). Significant differences were also observed between the two kicks for the magnitude of hip external rotation torque (56 +/- 12 N.m in the side-foot kick; 33 +/- 8 N.m in the instep kick) and hip external rotation angular velocity (11.1 +/- 2.4 rad x s(-1) in the side-foot kick; 6.0 +/- 2.0 rad x s(-1) in the instep kick). CONCLUSION These results indicated that to hit the ball with the medial side of the foot, a complicated series of rotational motions are required for the side-foot kick. The hip external rotation torque dominantly exhibited in the side-foot kick caused the clockwise rotation of the thigh-shank plane at the later stage of kicking. This may allow the hip external rotation motion to increase directly the forward velocity of the side foot, with which players can squarely impact the ball.
Health Beliefs and Practices of Kenyan Primary School Students

A study of 224 primary school students in Kenya was conducted to determine if health belief model variables predicted their health behavior, specifically, using safe drinking water. One health belief model construct, belief in benefits, was associated with the behavior (p = .05). Living in an urban environment (p = .01), and proximity to a tap (p = .004) were also significant predictors of safe water use. Implications for further research and health education programs are discussed.