Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissatisfaction with residency: A discrepancy between preferences and expectations?

Background: Medical residents play two roles that enter into conflict during their educational period: trainees and workers. This dual role can lead to dissatisfaction among residents that can affect both the quality of the services they provide to citizens and the proper functioning of the health services model itself. Aim: To analyse discrepancies between the preferences and expectations of first-year medical residents and whether these differences affect satisfaction with the residency. Method: A questionnaire was administered on-line to the entire population of first-year medical residents of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia (Spain) in 2008. We performed a means contrast test between the indicator discrepancy (difference between preferences and expectations during the residency as a training or a working period), overall satisfaction with the residency and their relationship to other expectations of medical residents. Results: Respondents showing greater discrepancy have a more negative opinion about the residency. Conclusion: There is a gap between what residents prefer and what they expect from the residency, giving rise to dissatisfaction. This gap must be bridged to improve the quality of training received by these new physicians, their satisfaction and hence the delivery of health services to citizens.
L’effet des politiques climatiques sur les énergies renouvelables : une revue des études économétriques

La limitation du rechauffement climatique necessite un deploiement rapide et important des energies renouvelables (ENR). Des politiques de soutien visant l'innovation et la diffusion de ces technologies ont ete mises en oeuvre depuis plus de 20 ans. Il existe aujourd'hui un debat sur leur efficacite environnementale et economique et sur le bon equilibre entre soutien a l'innovation et a la diffusion. Cet article eclaire les enjeux de ce debat en presentant les resultats de la litterature econometrique qui evalue l'effet de ces politiques et en comparant ces resultats avec les principaux enseignements des etudes non econometriques. Les resultats montrent que les politiques d'innovation et les politiques de diffusion ont un impact positif sur les ENR et confirment en cela les etudes non econometriques. Ils font toutefois apparaitre des effets differencies selon la nature des politiques (politiques prix versus politiques quantites) et la maturite des technologies.
High Sensitivity Micropillar Electrosprayionization Chip Fabricated of Silicon

We have designed, fabricated and tested a micropillar array electrospray ionization (muPESI) chip for mass spectrometer (MS) analysis of drugs and biomolecules. The chip has a lidless microstructured channel that contains a perfectly ordered array of micropillars. The typical sample volume is 2.5 mul and the sample flow in the channel is spontaneous. The limit of detection for verapamil measured with MS/MS was 30 pmol/1. The system shows also quantitative linearity (r =0.997) with linear dynamic range of at least six orders of magnitude and good stability (standard deviation < 4%) at measurement for 60 minutes.
Convergent local adaptation to climate in distantly related conifers

When confronted with an adaptive challenge, such as extreme temperature, closely related species frequently evolve similar phenotypes using the same genes. Although such repeated evolution is thought to be less likely in highly polygenic traits and distantly related species, this has not been tested at the genome scale. We performed a population genomic study of convergent local adaptation among two distantly related species, lodgepole pine and interior spruce. We identified a suite of 47 genes, enriched for duplicated genes, with variants associated with spatial variation in temperature or cold hardiness in both species, providing evidence of convergent local adaptation despite 140 million years of separate evolution. These results show that adaptation to climate can be genetically constrained, with certain key genes playing nonredundant roles.
Understanding the Potential and Limitations of Tunnel FETs for Low-Voltage Analog/Mixed-Signal Circuits

In this paper, the analog/mixed-signal performance is evaluated at device and circuit levels for a III-V nanowire tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) technology platform and compared against the predictive model for FinFETs at the 10-nm technology node. The advantages and limits of TFETs over their FinFET counterparts are discussed in detail, considering the main analog figures of merits, as well as the implementation of low-voltage track-and-hold (T/H) and comparator circuits. It is found that the higher output resistance offered by TFET-based designs allows achieving significantly higher intrinsic voltage gain and higher maximum-oscillation frequency at low current levels. TFET-based T/H circuits have better accuracy and better hold performance by using the dummy switch solution for the mitigation of the charge injection. Among the comparator circuits, the TFET-based conventional dynamic architecture exhibits the best performance while keeping lower area occupation with respect to the more complex double-tail circuits. Moreover, it outperforms all the FinFET counterparts over a wide range of supply voltage when considering low values of the common-mode voltage.
The predischarge electrocardiographic pattern in anterior acute myocardial infarction: relation between evolutionary ST segment and T-wave configuration and prediction of myocardial infarct size and left ventricular systolic function by the QRS Selvester score.

Left ventricular systolic function, determined mainly by final infarct size, has a major influence on prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (MI). It was found that infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction can be predicted using the Selvester QRS-score in patients not receiving reperfusion therapy. We assessed whether the predischarge QRS-score can be used for estimating infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction in 51 patients with a first anterior MI who had received reperfusion therapy and whether considering the configuration of the ST-segments and T-waves will increase the accuracy of these predictions. All patients had received reperfusion therapy and had predischarge resting 99mTc-sestamibi scan. We determined the Selvester QRS score using the electrocardiograms performed on the same day of the scan. In addition, we divided the patients into 3 groups: A: isoelectric ST and negative T-waves (n = 12); B: ST elevation (> or =0.1 mV) and negative T-waves (n = 23); and C: ST elevation (> or =0.1 mV) and positive T-waves (n = 16). The myocardial perfusion defect extent increased from group A to C (28.5+/-16.4%, 39.4+/-14.8%, and 45.3+/-15.8% in groups A, B, and C. respectively; P = .022). Similarly, the left ventricular ejection fraction decreased (41.7+/-11.6%, 38.4+/-8.1%, and 32.0+/-9.7%, respectively; P = .042) from group A to C. Overall, the correlation between the QRS-score and the myocardial perfusion defect extent (Rho = 0.249; P = .08), and ejection fraction (Rho = -0.229; P = .11) was not good. A statistically significant correlation between the myocardial perfusion defect size and the QRS-score was found only in group A (Rho = 0.599, P = .04). In patients with a first anterior myocardial infarction who underwent reperfusion therapy, the predischarge QRS-score is predictive of infarct size only in those in whom ST elevation resolved completely. In patients with residual ST elevation the Selvester QRS-score is inaccurate in predicting infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction upon discharge.
Acceptance and Confidence of Central and Peripheral Misinformation

We examined the memory for central and peripheral information concerning a crime and the acceptance of false information. We also studied eyewitnesses' confidence in their memory. Participants were shown a video depicting a bank robbery and a questionnaire was used to introduce false central and peripheral information. The next day the participants completed a recognition task in which they rated the confidence of their responses. Performance was better for central information and participants registered more false alarms for peripheral contents. The cognitive system's limited attentional capacity and the greater information capacity of central elements may facilitate processing the more important information. The presentation of misinformation seriously impaired eyewitness memory by prompting a more lenient response criterion. Participants were more confident with central than with peripheral information. Eyewitness memory is easily distorted in peripheral aspects but it is more difficult to make mistakes with central information. However, when false information is introduced, errors in central information can be accompanied by high confidence, thus rendering them credible and legally serious. Estudiamos la aceptación de información falsa y la memoria de contenidos centrales y periféricos sobre un crimen. Además, también nos interesamos por la confianza que los testigos tienen en su memoria. Los participantes vieron un vídeo sobre un robo a un banco, inmediatamente después completaron un cuestionario con preguntas en las que se introdujo información falsa sobre contenidos centrales y periféricos y, un día después, completaron una prueba de reconocimiento en la que también indicaron su confianza en la respuesta. El rendimiento fue mejor con contenidos centrales y hubo más falsas alarmas con periféricos. Este resultado puede explicarse a partir de la limitada capacidad atencional del sistema cognitivo y de la mayor capacidad informativa de los contenidos centrales, que puede promover su procesamiento preferencial. La presentación de información falsa empeoró el testimonio al provocar un criterio de respuesta más laxo y la confianza fue mayor ante contenidos centrales que periféricos. Se concluye que es fácil alterar la memoria de un testigo sobre aspectos periféricos, pero es más difícil con aspectos centrales. Sin embargo, cuando se presenta información falsa, los errores con información central pueden evaluarse con confianza alta, lo que los haría potencialmente creíbles y peligrosos en el sistema judicial.
Prevalence of depression in a 12‐month consecutive sample of patients with ALS

There is an impression both in clinical practice and in research literature that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) possess ‘heroic stoicism with a low frequency of depression’. Reliance on specific interview methods may have contributed to differing estimates of mood disorder in people with ALS. The objective of the current study was to compare prevalence rates of depression and anxiety in ALS using different assessment tools. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were sent to a 12‐month consecutive sample of 190 patients with ALS attending a tertiary referral clinic in the UK. Data were collected from 104 patients with ALS. Using BDI scores, 44% were categorized as not depressed, 37% were mild‐moderately depressed, 13% were moderately‐severely depressed, and 6% were severely depressed. In contrast, the HADS depression subscale identified 75% as not depressed, 13% were in the borderline range, and 13% were categorized as meeting ‘caseness’ for depression. Twenty‐five percent of the patients were using antidepressant medication. The estimated prevalence of mood disorder amongst patients with ALS may vary significantly depending on the measure used.
Rapid spread of immigrant genomes into inbred populations

When local populations are genetically differentiated from one another and partially inbred, as typically occurs in subdivided populations, immigrant genomes are predicted to be at a frequency–dependent fitness advantage due to heterosis (hybrid vigour) in their descendants. We tested this prediction with pedigreed laboratory populations of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana and report here on a rapid increase over five generations in the contribution of an initially rare immigrant genome to the local population gene pool. The replicated experimental design, including immigrant controls, demonstrates that the mechanism underlying immigrant genome spread is heterosis, and that the advantage to the immigrant genes is sustained over several generations. Our result suggests that effective migration rates may often be much higher than the numbers of individual migrants assumed by classical population genetics models, with implications for the persistence and evolution of metapopulations.
Demethylation of H3K27 Regulates Polycomb Recruitment and H2A Ubiquitination

Methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) is a posttranslational modification that is highly correlated with genomic silencing. Here we show that human UTX, a member of the Jumonji C family of proteins, is a di- and trimethyl H3K27 demethylase. UTX occupies the promoters of HOX gene clusters and regulates their transcriptional output by modulating the recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 1 and the monoubiquitination of histone H2A. Moreover, UTX associates with mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) 2/3 complexes, and during retinoic acid signaling events, the recruitment of the UTX complex to HOX genes results in H3K27 demethylation and a concomitant methylation of H3K4. Our results suggest a concerted mechanism for transcriptional activation in which cycles of H3K4 methylation by MLL2/3 are linked with the demethylation of H3K27 through UTX.
A DSGE model of the term structure with regime shifts

We construct and estimate the term structure implications of a small DSGE model with nominal rigidities in which the laws of motion of the structural shocks are subject to stochastic regime shifts. We demonstrate that, to a second order approximation, switching regimes generate time-varying risk premia. We then estimate the model on US data relying on information from both macroeconomic variables and the term structure. Our results support the speci cation with regime-switching: heteroskedasticity is a clear feature of the models residuals and the regimes have intuitively appealing features. The model also generates non-negligible time-variability in excess holding period returns. JEL classi cation:
Exploring Automatic Search in Digital Libraries: A Caution Guide for Systematic Reviewers

Search phase is considered as one of the most important steps in conducting secondary studies such as systematic literature reviews and mapping studies. In recent times, automatic search in digital libraries and academic search engines has been the preferred method of search phase execution for most software engineering related secondary studies. However, there are no previous studies that report or evaluate the secondary study relevant search features of these electronic data sources. We perform a feature analysis (screening mode) based evaluation of five widely used digital libraries (IEEE Xplore, ACM DL, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect and Wiley) in terms of their respective features required to support the search phase of secondary studies. We identify a total of 68 search related features and conduct a comprehensive exploration into their execution behaviors. The overall work presents a useful caution guide for systematic reviewers who plan to use the identified features for executing various search phase steps of their secondary studies.
Cutaneous interleukin‐7 transgenic mice display a propitious environment to Schistosoma mansoni infection

Interleukin (IL)‐7 is produced early in Schistosoma mansoni infected human and murine skin and was recently shown to favour parasite development. In the present work, we investigated the participation of keratinocyte‐derived IL‐7 in this process. Keratinocytes are the predominant cellular constituents of the epidermis and the first tissue encountered by the parasite when it infects the vertebrate host. We therefore infected IL‐7 cutaneous transgenic mice and compared several parasitological and immunological parameters to those of infected littermate controls. In transgenic mice, an increased number of total adult worms was observed while egg number and female fecundity remained unchanged. Additionally, transgenic animals displayed a more intensive hepatic fibrosis. In parallel, infected IL‐7 transgenic animals showed a dominant Th2‐type humoral response towards egg antigens. The results presented here confirm and reinforce the key role play by IL‐7 in S. mansoni –vertebrate host interplay, beginning with keratinocyte‐derived IL‐7.
Temperature and Growth: A Panel Analysis of the United States

This paper documents that seasonal temperatures have significant and systematic effects on the U.S. economy, both at the aggregate level and across a wide crosssection of economic sectors. This effect is particularly strong for the summer: an increase of 1°F in the average summer temperature is associated with a reduction in the annual growth rate of state-level output of 0:15 to 0:25 percentage points. When these estimates are combined with projected increases in seasonal temperatures it is found that a reduction of U.S. economic growth by up to one third could occur over the next century.
Expression profiles and circulation dynamics of rat mesenteric lymph microRNAs

Mesenteric lymph is vital for immune cell trafficking and intestinal fluid and chyle transport, which aid homeostatic maintenance. There have been few reports investigating the profiles and circulatory dynamics of mesenteric lymph microRNAs (miRNAs). The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of miRNAs in normal rodent mesenteric lymph. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-based array analysis was performed to examine the expression levels of 375 miRNAs in normal rat mesenteric lymph. Using differential centrifugation, the presence of miR-150, a representative lymph miRNA, in exosomes was assessed. Rat small intestine epithelial cell line IEC-6-derived exosomes were prepared from culture supernatants of cells transfected with cel-miR-238-3p, and were used to trace the administered exosomes in vivo and to investigate the in vivo delivery of lymph miRNAs via mesenteric lymphatics into the systemic circulation following injection of cel-miR-238-3p-exosomes. RT-qPCR-based array analysis detected 287 miRNAs in lymph, and 21 miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed between lymph and plasma. Lymph fractionation analysis demonstrated that some cell-free lymph miR-150 was distributed in the exosome-containing microsomal fraction. Furthermore, in vivo analysis of lymph miRNA delivery revealed that exosomal cel-miR-238-3p was markedly distributed in the lung compared with in the liver, kidney and spleen, thus indicating that the lung is the major organ responsible for clearance of exosomal lymph miRNAs. These findings provide novel insights into the modulation of gene expression by mesenteric lymph miRNAs in the lung.
Abnormal Colonic Propagated Activity in Patients with Slow Transit Constipation and Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Background: The pathophysiological basis of constipation is still unclear, and the role of colonic dysfunction is debated, especially in irritable bowel syndrome. Objective data are quite scarce, especially concerning colonic propulsive activity. Aims: To evaluate high- and low-amplitude colonic propulsive activity in constipated patients (slow-transit type and irritable bowel syndrome) in comparison with normal controls. Patients and Methods: Forty-five constipated patients (35 with slow-transit constipation and 10 with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome) were recruited, and their data compared to those of 18 healthy subjects. Twenty-four-hour colonic manometric recordings were obtained in the three groups of subjects, and data concerning high- and low-amplitude colonic propulsive activity were then compared. Results: High-amplitude propagated contractions were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in patients with slow-transit constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome with respect to controls (1.5 ± 0.4, 3.7 ± 2, and 6 ± 1 events/subject/day, respectively). In slow-transit constipation, a significant decrease of contractions’ amplitude was also observed. Concerning low-amplitude propagated contractions, patients with slow-transit constipation had significantly less events with respect to patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (46 ± 7 vs. 87.4 ± 19, p = 0.015); no differences were found between patients with slow-transit constipation and controls and between patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and controls. All three groups displayed a significant increase of low-amplitude propagated contractions after meals (6.3 ± 2 vs. 18.2 ± 5 for controls, p < 0.005; 6.4 ± 1.4 vs. 16.3 ± 2.4 for slow-transit constipation, p < 0.005; 10.5 ± 3.2 vs. 32.6 ± 7 for constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Low-amplitude propagated contractions may represent an important physiologic motor event in constipated patients, reducing the severity of constipation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and preserving a residual colonic propulsive activity in patients with slow-transit constipation.
The usefulness of a connected leadership model for sport management professionals

This research aims to investigate the usefulness of a connected leadership model for sport organizations. The following research questions were designed: 1) How can professional sport managers successfully make use of the developments of new professionalism (Leijnse, Hulst & Vromans, 2006), the new way of working and managerial leadership? 2) What are the features of a connected managerial leadership model? 3) What are the design principles of an applicable learning environment for professional sport managers 2.0? 4) What are the similarities or differences of connected managerial leadership in traditionally organized sports?