Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From brain topography to brain topology: relevance of graph theory to functional neuroscience

Although several brain regions show significant specialization, higher functions such as cross-modal information integration, abstract reasoning and conscious awareness are viewed as emerging from interactions across distributed functional networks. Analytical approaches capable of capturing the properties of such networks can therefore enhance our ability to make inferences from functional MRI, electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography data. Graph theory is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the formal modelling of networks and offers a wide range of theoretical tools to quantify specific features of network architecture (topology) that can provide information complementing the anatomical localization of areas responding to given stimuli or tasks (topography). Explicit modelling of the architecture of axonal connections and interactions among areas can furthermore reveal peculiar topological properties that are conserved across diverse biological networks, and highly sensitive to disease states. The field is evolving rapidly, partly fuelled by computational developments that enable the study of connectivity at fine anatomical detail and the simultaneous interactions among multiple regions. Recent publications in this area have shown that graph-based modelling can enhance our ability to draw causal inferences from functional MRI experiments, and support the early detection of disconnection and the modelling of pathology spread in neurodegenerative disease, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, neurophysiological studies have shown that network topology has a profound link to epileptogenesis and that connectivity indices derived from graph models aid in modelling the onset and spread of seizures. Graph-based analyses may therefore significantly help understand the bases of a range of neurological conditions. This review is designed to provide an overview of graph-based analyses of brain connectivity and their relevance to disease aimed principally at general neuroscientists and clinicians.
A synthetic model of intra‐Golgi traffic

We present a hypothesis on the mechanisms used by cells to transport cargo through the secretory system. We propose that at least three basic processes coordinately participate in membrane traffic: cisternal maturation–progression, controlled cargo diffusion along transient membrane continuities between different compartments, and a mostly retrograde vesicle‐mediated transport. A ‘synthetic’ model based on the combination of these mechanisms can explain both the progression of supramolecular aggregates through the secretory pathway and the fast intra‐Golgi transport of conventional cargoes. Analysis of the existing literature shows that the available data are consistent with the proposed model. —Mironov, A. , Jr., Luini, A. , Mironov, A. A synthetic model of intra‐Golgi traffic. FASEB J. 12, 249–252 (1998)
Differential display screening for specific gene expression induced by dietary nonsteroidal estrogen

The dietary phytoestrogen, daidzein, produced a biphasic response in cell proliferation of cultured, estrogen‐responsive human breast carcinoma MCF‐7 cells. Cell growth was stimulated at a daidzein concentration of 0.25 μg/ml whereas the addition of daidzein at concentrations >25 μg/ml significantly inhibited cell growth in a dose‐dependent fashion, resulting in an IC50 value of 50 μg/ml. Upon exposure to 50 μg/ml of daidzein, cell morphology was severely altered, cell volume decreased, and condensation of the chromosomes was clearly noticeable. To identify genes whose expression were inhibited by daidzein, a differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay (DD‐RT‐PCR) was performed and the cDNA fragments of several daidzein‐regulated genes were visualized. The sequence of one of the cloned cDNA fragments that showed differential mRNA expression level in response to daidzein at a concentration of 50 μg/ml had a high homology with a cDNA expressed in fetal human brain, EST 06411. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 52:141–148, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TARGETED EXPRESSION OF TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DYNAMIN TO STUDY NEURAL MECHANISMS OF COMPLEX BEHAVIOR IN Drosophila

One of the most interesting and challenging tasks of neuroscience is to explainhow thebrain controls complexbehaviors.Acomprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying behavior requires integration of the knowledge obtained from analyses of the nervous system at many different levels. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model organism for studying the genetic basis of behavior.Drosophila has a
Notice of RetractionSurface Plasmon Resonance Detection of Saxitoxin: An Alternative to In-Situ Monitoring Red-Tide Toxins

The red-tide occurrences are critical issues in some costal zones of China. It causes a threat of the coastal fish/shellfish aquaculture and economic loss. In order to minimize harms caused by red tides, especially by neurotoxins such as a Saxitoxin (STX). In this paper, a new approach to detect STX by Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was proposed to in-situ determine STX concentration. Based on the mathematical model of multi-prism coupled SPR by Maxwell's Equations and Fresnel Equation, the parameter of a resonant angle was evaluated by the different concentration of Saxitoxin in the case of 632.8nm wavelength. The approach demonstrated high sensitivity and better selectivity for monitoring Saxitoxin by a SPR numerical simulation method.
OPTIMIZATION OF COMBINED ECONOMIC EMISSION DISPATCH PROBLEM USING ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY METHOD

Optimal system operation, in general, involves the consideration of economy of operation, system security, emissions at fossil-fuel plants, optimal release of water at hydro power plants etc. and aim at improving the efficiency of the power system. In this research work, consideration will be given to two aspects of the optimal system operation, emissions and economy of operation, also known as economic dispatch. Generally the heuristic methods like Genetic algorithm, Simulated annealing, Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony techniques and their various modifications have shown marked improvement in the addressing of the economic dispatch problem as well as the combined economic and emission dispatch problem. However there is scope of improvement of the solution to the combined economic and emission dispatch problems, in terms of better convergence, lower losses, faster computation times, reduced fuel costs and reduced emissions. It is worthy of notice that Artificial Bee Colony Method applied in the present work, yielded superior solutions than the heuristic and traditional optimization techniques.
Application of improved decision feedback differential detection algorithm at OFDM/MDPSK system

In this paper, we propose an OFDM receiver which uses an improved decision-feedback differential detection algorithm (DFDDI-OFDM) that can be used for the MDPSK signal reception in the presence of frequency offset. Proposed scheme is compared with OFDM receiver which used an ordinary decision feedback differential detection (DFDD-OFDM) receiver. The analysis shows that the symbol error probability of the proposed algorithm is nearly constant in a wide frequency offset range and equal to the error probability for the zero frequency offset. It should be noted that the proposed algorithm has the same complexity as the referenced receiver.
The role of the bursa Fabricius, spleen and thymus in the control of a Plasmodium lophurae infection in the chicken.

Splenectomized chicks were severely deficient in their ability to combat an infection or reinfection with Plasmodium lophurae. Infection of splenectomized chicks usually caused death while sham-operated controls recovered. Birds splenectomized on the 5th day of an infection, when parasitemias had dropped to a low level, showed an immediate and usually fatal recrudescence. Chicks which were hormonally or surgically bursectomized on the 1st day after hatching demonstrated higher parasitemias then their sham-operated controls. However, parasitemias of birds bursectomized at 18 days of age did not differ from their control group. Thymectomy had no significant effect on the resultant parasitemias. It is thus concluded that the spleen is of primary importance in the development of immunity to this strain of Plasmodium lophurae. The bursa is of secondary importance and contributes something to the development of the immune mechanism before 18 days of age.
Number of solutions of Satisfiability Instances - Applications to Knowledge Bases

In propositional logic (zero order) a system of logical rules may be put under the form of a conjunction of disjunction, i.e. a “satisfiability” or SAT-problem. SAT is central to NP-complete problems. Any result obtained on SAT would have consequences for a lot of problems important in artificial intelligence. We deal with the question of the number N of solutions of SAT. Firstly, any system of SAT clauses may be transformed in a system of independent clauses by an exponential process; N may be computed exactly. Secondly, by a statistical approach, results are obtained showing that for a given SAT-instance, it should be possible to find an estimate of N with a margin of confidence in polynomial time. Thirdly, we demonstrate the usefulness of these ideas on large knowledge bases.
Annual cycles of tropospheric water vapor

To understand better the annual cycles of atmospheric humidity, radiosonde data were used to create climatologies of temperature, dew point, relative humidity, and precipitable water in the lower troposphere for 56 locations around the world for the period 1973–1990. On the basis of the annual ranges of relative humidity at the surface and at the 850, 700, and 500 mbar levels and the ratio of the annual maximum to minimum surface to 500-mbar precipitable water, we have defined five humidity regimes: (1) middle- and high-latitude continental, (2) middle- and high-latitude oceanic, (3) midlatitude monsoon, (4) tropical oceanic, and (5) tropical monsoon. For each regime we describe the annual cycles of temperature and humidity variables and discuss phase relationships among them. Relative humidity ranges are small in the first two regimes, where precipitable water and temperature vary in phase. Relative humidity ranges in the other three regimes are moderate to large, and in the tropics the annual march of horizontal moisture advection and vertical convection, not temperature, controls seasonal humidity variations. These results suggest that the assumption of constant relative humidity made in some climate models is not always justified and that precipitable water is not a strong function of temperature in the tropics.
The effect of cold stress on the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks

Cold stress is a physical environmental stressor with significant effect on the poultry industry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cold stress as a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. The experimental challenge model included an oral inoculation with 10-fold dose of attenuated anticoccidial vaccine and multiple oral inoculations with a specific strain of Clostridium perfringens. Birds were either challenged or not as described above, and either exposed or not to repeated cold stress (15°C for 12 h/day for 4 days). From each bird, intestinal gross lesions were scored and intestinal digesta pH and viscosity were measured. C. perfringens was counted in the caecum. The statistical analysis and evaluation of the experimental data revealed that the cold stress in challenged birds significantly increased the incidence and the severity of necrotic enteritis lesions (Ρ ≤ 0.05), while causing no lesions in unchallenged birds. Moreover, the cold stress caused a significant increase (Ρ ≤ 0.05) in the pH and C. perfringens counts in the caeca. The study provides evidence that cold stress increased the susceptibility to necrotic enteritis in a subclinical experimental model and thus should be regarded as a physical environmental stressor that could significantly affect the welfare, health and intestinal ecosystem of broiler chicks.
Detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in unstimulated saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND The use of whole saliva has shown to be promising in detecting Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans out of the subgingival environment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of unstimulated saliva in detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans and to compare the subgingival and extracrevicular occurrence of this pathogen in Brazilian subjects with chronic periodontitis. METHODS Sixty-six patients (mean age 38.01 9.28 years) with advanced generalized chronic periodontitis were sampled. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from eight sites per patient representing the two deepest sites of each quadrant. Samples of the mucous surfaces, including dorsal surface of the tongue and cheek, were collected with a sterile swab and placed in a microtube containing a reduced solution. Samples of unstimulated saliva were also collected in sterile tubes and 0.1 ml of whole saliva was diluted in 1 ml of reduced solution. The presence of A. actionomycetemcomitans was established using bacterial culture in trypticase soy bacitracin vancomycin selective media. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to differentiate highly from minimally leukotoxic strains in patients who presented A. actinomycetemcomitans in at least two sampled sites. RESULTS A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated from 63.63% of subgingival samples, 56.06% of saliva samples, and 45.45% of samples from mucous surfaces. No statistical difference was observed between subgingival and salivary occurrence of the microorganism. Linear regression showed an association between subgingival plaque and saliva (r(2) = 0.897; P = 0.015) and mucous membrane and saliva (r(2) = 0.152; P = 0.024). The same A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxic profile was observed in all sampled sites for a given patient. CONCLUSION These results suggest that in advanced periodontitis, unstimulated saliva is representative of pooled subgingival plaque samples and its use is appropriate in the oral detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
DDoS detection using CURE clustering algorithm with outlier removal clustering for handling outliers

DoS (Denial of Service) and DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) is an anomalous traffic phenomena that is need serious attention. In the previous research has already been discussed on traffic anomaly detection based on clustering, with a hierarchical clustering algorithm method. In this paper, we introduce a method of network traffic anomaly (DDoS) detection using modernization of the traditional hierarchical clustering algorithm that is CURE clustering algorithm. CURE has advantages in the case of outliers. We modify the algorithm using outlier removal clustering (ORC) in terms of dealing with outliers. We apply the mechanism to detect and remove outliers from the specified clusters. We perform the outlier elimination scheme in two phase and do the removal at the point which detected as outlier. We also give an analysis and results of the proposed method.
Diminutive Nouns and Verbs in Slovene Compared to Their English Equivalents

Protistavna analiza samostalniskih in glagolskih manjsalnic v slovenscini in anglescini jasno kaže, da sta tvorba in raba manjsalnic v slovenscini vezani na oblikoslovne znacilnosti samostalnikov in glagolov ter posledicno njihove morfolosko-leksemske lastnosti, medtem ko ostaja težisce manjsalniske tvorbe in rabe v anglescini vezano na skladnjo oziroma skladenjsko-pomensko rabo dolocenega leksema. V vseh jezikih je manjsalnost ena osnovnih pomenotvornih prvin, ki jo lahko izražamo predvsem morfolosko, kot na primer v slovenscini, ali predvsem skladenjsko, kot na primer v anglescini. Kot pomenotvorna prvina samostalniska manjsalnost v slovenscini pomembno vpliva tudi na razvoj terminologije – v tem primeru se manjsalnica kot jezikovna metafora pomensko osamosvoji in postane strokovni termin; tega pojava anglescina prakticno ne pozna.
Higgs criticality in a two-dimensional metal

We analyze a candidate theory for the strange metal near optimal hole-doping in the cuprate superconductors. The theory contains a quantum phase transition between metals with large and small Fermi surfaces of spinless fermions carrying the electromagnetic charge of the electron, but the transition does not directly involve any broken global symmetries. The two metals have emergent SU(2) and U(1) gauge fields respectively, and the transition is driven by the condensation of a real Higgs field, carrying a finite lattice momentum and an adjoint SU(2) gauge charge. This Higgs field measures the local antiferromagnetic correlations in a "rotating reference frame". We propose a global phase diagram around this Higgs transition, and describe its relationship to a variety of recent experiments on the cuprate superconductors.
Automatic Hole Repairing for Cranioplasty using Bézier Surface Approximation

Cranioplasty is the procedure that repairs holes or defects in the skull with cranial implants. When the bone from the hole is missing, damaged, or infected, the defect needs to be covered with an artificial plate to protect the brain. In this paper, a hole-repairing algorithm is developed to aid in shaping artificial plates for Cranioplasty, by describing a method for filling holes in defective biomodels with unstructured triangular surface meshes or in stereo-lithography format.1 The resulting patching meshes interpolate the shape and density of the surrounding mesh. The steps in repairing a hole include hole identification, hole triangulations using Genetic Algorithm optimization, and a customized advancing-front meshing technique using surface approximations based on a Quartic Bézier patch/surface.
Quantitative detection of meat spoilage bacteria by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

A quantitative PCR‐ELISA for the rapid enumeration of bacteria in refrigerated raw meat has been developed using primers designed from conserved regions in the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA). Amplified PCR products generated using a digoxigenin‐labelled primer were automatically hybridized to a biotinylated probe included in the PCR reaction. The hybridization was performed as part of the PCR programme. The biotin‐digoxigenin hybrids were quantified by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Streptavidin bound to the wells of a microtitre plate was used to capture the biotin‐digoxigenin‐labelled fragments that were detected with a peroxidase anti‐digoxigenin conjugate. Subsequent enzymic conversion of substrate gave distinct absorbance differences when assaying meat samples containing bacteria in the range 102–107 cfu cm−2. The detection threshold for the PCR‐ELISA assay developed in this work is 102 cfu cm−2.
Design of Dual-Band Multimode Profiled Smooth-Walled Horn Antenna for Satellite Communication

This letter is concerned with design and development of a new dual-band multimode profiled smooth-walled horn (DBPH) at Ku-band (uplink and downlink frequency bands). The horn is analyzed and optimized using mode-matching-technique-based software (Mician ¿ Wave wizard). Predicted radiation patterns and properties of the DBPH are compared to corresponding measured results showing good agreement. Relatively higher edge of coverage (EOC) gain and low cross-polar level at EOC is achieved with optimized DBPH by synthesizing higher order modes TE1m and TM1m in proper ratio of amplitude and phase. An innovative modified hyperbolic profile is used to optimize the various performance objectives. The DBPH also provides higher bore-sight gain, higher aperture efficiency, and slightly wider beam (i.e. lower roll-off) in comparison to a conical horn having similar aperture dimension and length. The horn would be used as an element of a direct radiating horn cluster for multibeam satellite antenna application.
Implementation techniques of inter-substation line transfer function increasing reliability in MEA's distribution system

Transmission lines play an important role in power system as far as reliability is concerned. The transmission line must have a good maintenance and switching plan to get the most of its reliability. However, no matter how good the system, the failure rate of the transmission line cannot be suppressed to zero and when it does fail, it causes a wide-area outage which impacts various customers. In MEA's distribution system, 2 transmission lines are provided to link a substation to 2 different terminal sources. However, in a downtown area, routing of the transmission line is very difficult and costly to provide two terminal-station transmission lines to each substation. Thus some substations have to receive electric power from a nearby substation instead. Significantly, all of the nearby substations called inline substations have only one source due to have to pass through electric power to other substations. Their reliability is low, since they cannot perform substation line transfer functions (CTO/LTO). This paper presents the implementation techniques of inter-substation line transfer function (ILTF) using SCADA, IEC61850 GOOSE and PLCs which resulted in a huge outage time reduction.
Disease-specific reference equations for lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis.

RATIONALE Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), an important measure of pulmonary disease severity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), is frequently expressed as a percentage of a predicted value derived from a healthy reference population. There are limitations to comparing the lung function of a patient with CF to that of healthy control subjects, and potential advantages to comparing it to that of other patients with CF. OBJECTIVE To estimate CF-specific percentiles of FEV1 as functions of height, age, and sex. METHODS We used 287,108 FEV1 observations among more than 21,000 patients with CF in the CF Foundation National Patient Registry between 1994 and 2001. The percentiles were estimated using quantile regression methods. RESULTS FEV1 percentile "growth grids" are presented, allowing comparison of an individual's FEV1 to that of patients with CF of the same sex, age, and height. Their potential uses in clinical practice and research are illustrated. CONCLUSIONS CF-specific reference equations allow individual patients' FEV1 to be placed in the context of the distribution of lung function of their peers with CF, and should improve generalizability of CF clinical trials by setting entry criteria that are equitable across sex and age ranges. They may serve as a useful adjunct to conventional reference equations.
A novel in vivo sensor for loosening diagnostics in total hip replacement

Approximately 200,000 patients are treated with total hip replacements (THR) in the United States per annum, in European Countries over 500.000. The main reason for revision of total hip replacements (THR) is the aseptic or septic loosening. The Osseointegration of the uncemented hip stem in the femoral bone has to be detected exactly, in order to enable early state loosening detection. All present diagnostic methods, e.g. radiographs and arthroscopy, show insufficient sensitivities and specificities between 70% and 80%. Osseointegration can be identified in-vivo by use of ‘active’ acoustic methods. The acoustic waves can be generated, e.g. by a mechanical hammer placed on the inside of the femoral hip stem wall. The mechanical-acoustic properties of the bone-implant interface give information about the status of the loosening process. A functional in-vitro model of the measuring principle shows significant differences in varied phases of fixation. The new acoustic sensor system demonstrates its potential to detect aseptic loosening.