Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design principles of integrated magnetic bearings

Magnetic bearings operate contactlessly and are therefore free of lubricant and wear. They are largely immune to heat, cold and aggressive substances and are operational in vacuum. Because of their low bearing losses they are suited for applications with high rotation speeds. The forces act through an air gap, which allows magnetic suspension through hermetic encapsulations. Ferromagnetic bodies can be placed in any position within the mechanical limitations. Vibrations of the housing or the rotor can be actively suppressed. Applications for magnetic bearings are for example pumps, turbocompressors, milling spindies and turbomolecular pumps. Because of the complex system structure the prices of magnetic bearings are high compared with conventional bearings (ball, sliding bearings etc.). Therefore their application is limited. One possibility to reduce costs is the integration of the control electronics. It is easy to integrate the signal processing electronics with today's integration technology. However the integration of the power stages is strongly dependent on the bearing currents. For this they must be minimized. This work presents two bearing types, which are permanent-magnet-biased and thus consume only small control currents. Moreover a control method, known as the Adaptive Vibration Control, is applied which eliminates the speed-synchronous parts of the control currents. It was developed by Knospe and Hope [HoKn/94J and allows a force-free suspension of the rotor. Permanenr-magnet-biased bearings and adaptive vibration compensation were the main elements in the development of a magnetically suspended high-speed spindle. With the first electronics developed a speed of 90'000rpm was reached with very small bearing currents. The knowledge gained from this was incorporated in the development of a miniaturized and inexpensive control electronics. A complete digital control allowed reducing the number of devices, and the low bearing currents led to a closepacked power electronics. The electronics volume was reduced by 70%.
Redescription of the freshwater calanoid copepod Neutrodiaptomus formosus with key to females of diaptomid species in Japan

: Neutrodiaptomus formosus (Kikuchi, 1928) is a calanoid copepod found in freshwater ponds in Japan. In the original description of this species, the illustration of the female habitus and the diagnostic description of the genital double somite were based on the copepodid V stage. Since there have been no studies describing the adult female of N. formosus , we redescribed fully both sexes of adults. The female genital double somite has a prominent projection at the right posterior corner, which is unique in this genus. Some differences between N. formosus and a previous description of the congener N. tumidus were found in the segmentation and setation of the cephalothoracic appendages. A key to females of 11 diaptomid species occurring in Japanese freshwaters is provided, because the previous keys so far were based mainly on male characters.
The Relationship between Lifespan and Reproduction in the Giant Waterbug (Belostoma flumineum)

The evolutionary significance of senescence and death is poorly understood. Life history theory suggests that the allocation of energy to growth or reproduction is necessarily associated with a decrease in energy available for maintenance of the soma. This study attempted to determine if an investment in reproduction would decrease longevity in the giant waterbug (Belostoma flumineum). Male and female waterbugs were collected from the field as last instar stage nymphs and maintained under controlled laboratory conditions. Individuals were randomly assigned to mating effort treatments, (virgins or breeders with breeding efforts ranging from 1 to >5 times). Following breeding, one half of the males had their egg pads artificially removed whereas the other half were allowed to brood eggs pads through hatching. Female waterbugs lived, on average, longer than males; though when considered by level of mating effort the difference was statistically indistinguishable. Neither breeding nor number of breeding efforts had a detrimental effect on lifespan; virgins and breeders lived for approximately the same length of time. There was no significant difference between the lifespan of brooding and non-brooding males. Both male and female waterbugs that were paired with the opposite sex, yet
A multiband and wideband frequency reconfigurable slotted bowtie antenna

A multiband and wideband frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented. A wideband from 3.5 GHz to 9.0 GHz is achieved by introducing one stripline in the middle of a slotted bowtie antenna, whereas multiband is obtained by integrating an additional two slotted arms at the end of bowtie-shaped. As a result, the antenna operated at multiband mode (1.7 GHz and 2.6 GHz) and wideband mode (3.5 GHz to 9.0 GHz) simultaneously. The reconfigurability of the antenna is attained through switches. Five states are achieved with three pairs of switches configurations. All results are presented and discussed, including S11, current distribution, radiation pattern, and gain. The antenna is suitable to be used in multimode communication systems.
Three-Dimensional Documentation of Hadrian ’ s Temple in Ephesus ( Turkey ) Using Different Scanning Technologies and Combining these Data into a Final 3 D Model

The so-called Hadrian’s Temple is one of the most famous monuments in the ancient city of Ephesus (Turkey) and occupies a prominent location in the western section of Curetes Street, one of the chief thoroughfares of the site. This paper explains the on-site conditions for creating an up-to-date architectural documentation including three-dimensional digital scan data of the temple and also discusses the different 3D surface scanning systems which were employed for this task: fringe projection and time of flight laser scanning based on phase shifting. With respect to the required resolution and the scale of the documentation both methods are ideally suited to digitally record certain areas of the Temple. Furthermore, this paper puts a focus on how both types of 3D scan data can be combined in a final 3D model within specific postprocessing steps. The scanning results as well as the virtual reconstruction of Hadrian’s Temple will be presented in this paper.
On the Singularities of Non-Analytic Szego Kernels

The CR manifold Mm = {(z1 ,z 2) ∈ C 2 ; � z2 = (� z1) 2m }(m =2 , 3 ,. ) is a counterexample, which was given by Christ and Geller, to analytic hypoellipticity of ¯ ∂b and real analyticity of the Szego kernel. In order to give a direct interpretation for the breakdown of real analyticity of the Szego kernel, we give a Borel summation type representation of the Szego kernel in terms of simple singular solutions of the equation ¯ ∂bu =0 .
Adsorption Study of Symmetrical Schiff Base Ligand 4,4'-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methan- 1-yl-1-ylidene) bis (2-methoxyphenol)) on Granulated Initiated Calcined Iraqi Montmorillonite via Columnar Method.

The adsorption ability of Iraqi initiated calcined granulated montmorillonite to adsorb Symmetrical Schiff Base Ligand 4,4’-[hydrazine-1, 2-diylidenebis (methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)) bis (2-methoxyphenol)] derived from condensation reaction of hydrazine hydrate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, from aqueous solutions has been investigated through columnar method.The ligand (H 2 L) adsorption found to be dependent on adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and contact time.All columnar experiments were carried out at three different pH values (5.5, 7and 8) using buffer solutions at flow rate of (3 drops/ min.),at room temperature (25±2)°C. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The monolayer adsorption capacity is 5.7347 mg ligand (L) per 1g calcined Montmorillonite. The experiments showed that highest removal rate 75.70 % for ligand (L) at pH 7.The kinetic data for the adsorption process obeyed pseudo-second-order rate equations. Key words: Adsorption Study, Schiff base Ligand, Iraqi Montmorillonite,Columnar Method. , Calcined.
Assessing evaluation education in African tertiary education institutions: Opportunities and reflections

The demand for knowledge from evaluations to inform evidence-based policy making continues to rise in Africa. Simultaneously, there is increased recognition of the role tertiary education institutions can play in strengthening evaluation practice through high quality evaluation education. Within this context, this paper explores the status quo of evaluation education in selected tertiary institutions in Anglophone African countries. The paper utilizes a mixed methods research methodology that blends secondary data review, an online survey using a structured questionnaire and two regional workshops. Data was collected from 12 Anglophone African tertiary education institutions. Findings indicate that evaluation education in Anglophone African tertiary institutions is mostly in the nascent stages and there are mixed feelings on the appropriate entry levels (undergraduate or postgraduate). The study highlights the need for developing a specialized evaluation curriculum as evaluation education still borrows from theories and methodologies from the North. Institutional, operational and policy-related challenges are highlighted as well as the potential for collaboration among various stakeholders in strengthening the design and implementation of evaluation education. Key tenets for strengthening evaluation education are highlighted and discussed .
A New Gas Chromatographic Method for Determination of Difenoconazole Residues in Pomegranate Fruits

A simple and inexpensive method was developed using solid-phase extraction, together with gas chromatographic method for determination of difenoconazole residues in pomegranate fruits. The evaluated parameters include the extracts by deactivated acidic alumina chromatographic column using hexane + di ethyl ether (9:1 and 8:2, v/v) mixture, hexane and acetonitrile solvents. The method was validated using pomegranate fruit samples spiked with difenoconazole at different fortification levels (0.01 and 0.1 μg/g). Average recoveries (using each concentration six replicates) ranged 83-95%, with relative standard deviations less than 2%, calibration solutions concentration in the range 0.005-1.0 μg/mL and limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.005μg/g and 0.01μg/g respectively. Finally the pomegranate fruit residue samples were analyzed by GC.
Spotlight Two sources of dopamine for the hippocampus

Not all experiences are preserved as vivid memories. Details of familiar actions in familiar settings can fade instantly, yet it is often possible to remember an unusual event or a new place with remarkable clarity. For example, how often are you unsure whether you locked the door of your house, even as you attempt to recall the event just moments later walking down the street, yet you can vividly recall leaving your hotel to explore a new town during last year’s holiday? In investigations into the neural basis of this phenomenon, it was demonstrated that dopamine affects plasticity, synaptic transmission and the network activity in the hippocampal circuitry underlying this type of memory [1–4]. Rodent behavioural studies using pharmacological manipulation of hippocampal D1/D5 dopamine receptors provided much of the early evidence, with the source of dopamine long thought to be the ventral tegmental area (VTA) [1,5]. However, recent studies have brought the exciting insight that hippocampal dopamine can arise from two sources, and the resulting effects on hippocampal function may differ. Specifically, in addition to dopamine release from the known sparse innervation of the hippocampus by dopaminergic fibres of the VTA [1,2,4,6], two publications now report that dopamine release from noradrenergic fibres of the locus coeruleus (LC) underpin memory associated signalling in the hippocampus [7,8].
Insulated Cylindrical Antenna in a Cold Magnetoplasma

A study is made of the characteristics of a perfectly conducting cylindrical antenna insulated from the surrounding cold collisionless magnetoplasma by an isotropic coaxial cylindrical sheath for the case where the antenna is aligned with an external magnetic field and is excited by means of a delta-function voltage generator. A rigorous representation is obtained for the current distribution on an infinitely long antenna. It is shown that in the whistler frequency range, the current distribution of a sufficiently thin antenna is determined mainly by the eigenmode whose guided propagation is found to be supported along the antenna. Based on the results obtained for an infinitely long antenna, a generalized transmission-line theory is developed for determining the current distribution and the input impedance of an insulated antenna of finite length located in a resonant magnetoplasma. The influence of the sheath parameters on the antenna characteristics is analyzed.
Are Labor Markets in Developing Countries Dualistic

There is a long tradition of viewing as disadvantaged the roughly 40 percent of workers in developing countries who are unprotected by labor legislation and work in small"informal"firms. The author offers an alternative to traditional views of the relationship between formal and informal labor markets: For many workers, inefficiencies in present labor codes and relatively low levels of human capital (labor productivity) may make employment in the informal sector more desirable. He offers the first study of worker transitions among sectors, using detailed panel data from Mexico, and finds little evidence to support the traditional dualistic view. He shows that traditional earning differentials cannot prove or disprove segmentation in developing countries, and patterns of worker mobility do not suggest a rigid labor market -- or one segmented into formal and informal divisions. It is possible that the market is dualistic in the sense used in the industrial world, but the division between good jobs and bad jobs seems to cut across issues of formality.
Homer1a and mGluR1/5 Signaling in Homeostatic Sleep Drive and Output

Sleep is an essential physiological behavior that promotes cognitive development and function. Although the switch between sleep/wake cycles is controlled by specific neural circuits, sleep need and the restorative benefits of sleep are likely controlled by cellular mechanisms localized in critical areas of the brain involved in learning and memory including the cortex and hippocampus. However, the molecular basis for the restorative function(s) of sleep that support cognition, or for the homeostatic build-up of sleep need are poorly understood. Synapses undergo local and global changes in strength to support learning and memory and are likely a point of restoration during sleep. Homer1a and mGluR1/5, recently implicated in sleep function, are molecules involved in the scaling down process that weakens synapses during sleep to restore synapse homeostasis. During wake, long-form Homer proteins tether mGluR1/5 to IP3R and to the post-synaptic density (PSD). During sleep, short-form Homer1a uncouples mGluR1/5 from IP3R leaving mGluR1/5 open to interact with other effectors, switching mGluR1/5 signaling from “awake-type” to “sleep-type” signaling modes. Importantly, mGluR1/5 have been implicated in several neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), all of which show abnormal sleep phenotypes, linking sleep, disease, and mGluR1/5 signaling. Further investigation into the downstream effectors of mGluR1/5 and sleep/wake signaling will lead to more targeted therapeutic interventions.
A Review on the Trajectory of Attentional Mechanisms in Aging and the Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum through the Attention Network Test

Multiple domains of cognition are known to decline in both normal aging and in the trajectory towards Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While declines in episodic memory are most well-known in both normal aging and AD, some of these memory differences might stem from early deteriorations in attention that have consequences for later memory. Further complicating the matter is that attention is a multifaceted construct that might be differentially affected in normal aging and AD. According to cognitive neuroscience models of attention, three types of attention networks exist: alerting, orienting, and executive. Efficiency of these three networks can be captured using the Attention Network Test (ANT). We reviewed the literature investigating differences in attention networks using the ANT as a function of normal aging and the AD trajectory, which included people at risk for AD, preclinical stages of AD, mild cognitive impairment, and those diagnosed with AD. We found that normal aging and the AD trajectory evidenced different patterns of attentional declines. Whereas normal aging was most consistently associated with impairments in alerting, early phases of the AD trajectory were most consistently associated with impairments in executive attention, and later phases of the AD trajectory were mixed. The mixed results with AD are largely attributed to small sample sizes and confounding effects of general slowing. These findings highlight key gaps in the literature linking different phases of AD while also highlighting the usefulness of the ANT to distinguish normal aging from the AD trajectory, especially in the earliest phases of the disease process.
Tripchlorolide May Improve Spatial Cognition Dysfunction and Synaptic Plasticity after Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a common pathophysiological mechanism that underlies cognitive decline and degenerative processes in dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. Low cerebral blood flow (CBF) during CCH leads to disturbances in the homeostasis of hemodynamics and energy metabolism, which in turn results in oxidative stress, astroglia overactivation, and synaptic protein downregulation. These events contribute to synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction after CCH. Tripchlorolide (TRC) is an herbal compound with potent neuroprotective effects. The potential of TRC to improve CCH-induced cognitive impairment has not yet been determined. In the current study, we employed behavioral techniques, electrophysiology, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and Golgi staining to investigate the effect of TRC on spatial learning and memory impairment and on synaptic plasticity changes in rats after CCH. Our findings showed that TRC could rescue CCH-induced spatial learning and memory dysfunction and improve long-term potentiation (LTP) disorders. We also found that TRC could prevent CCH-induced reductions in N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2B, synapsin I, and postsynaptic density protein 95 levels. Moreover, TRC upregulated cAMP-response element binding protein, which is an important transcription factor for synaptic proteins. TRC also prevented the reduction in dendritic spine density that is caused by CCH. However, sham rats treated with TRC did not show any improvement in cognition. Because CCH causes disturbances in brain energy homeostasis, TRC therapy may resolve this instability by correcting a variety of cognitive-related signaling pathways. However, for the normal brain, TRC treatment led to neither disturbance nor improvement in neural plasticity. Additionally, this treatment neither impaired nor further improved cognition. In conclusion, we found that TRC can improve spatial learning and memory, enhance synaptic plasticity, upregulate the expression of some synaptic proteins, and increase the density of dendritic spines. Our findings suggest that TRC may be beneficial in the treatment of cognitive impairment induced by CCH.
The Impact of Heat-Moisture Treatment on the Properties of Musa paradisiaca L. Starch and Optimization of Process Variables

SUMMARY Starch stability under the processing conditions can be improved by modifying the granule structure using chemical and/or physical processes. The effect of heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on the physicochemical, morphological, pasting and thermal properties of green banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) starch was investigated. To analyze the changes in starch properties due to the combined effect of the process variables, time (h), moisture (%), and temperature (°C) were considered as independent variables using a central composite rotatable design. The native starch extracted using ammonium hydroxide as an antioxidant contained 80.4% total carbohydrates, 53.7% apparent amylose, 11.46% moisture, and other constituents (ash, protein, lipids), which accounted for less than 1%. The granule morphology was affected by the moisture and temperature used in HMT. A and B type X-ray diffraction patterns were observed in the native and modified starch. Mathematical models that describe the behaviour of modified starch properties as a function of the evaluated parameters were obtained. The variables time and temperature significantly affected the physicochemical, rheological and digestibility properties of starch.
AUTOMATED CLASSIFICATION FOR BRAIN MRIS BASED ON 2D MF-DFA METHOD

Magnetic resonance image (MRI) is an important tool to diagnose human diseases effectively. It is very important for research and clinical application to classify the normal and abnormal human brain MRI images automatically. In this paper, an accurate and efficient technique is proposed to extract features of MRIs and classify these images into normal and abnormal categories. We use two-dimensional multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (2D MF-DFA) to obtain image features. These features are the local generalized Hurst exponents calculated by 2D MF-DFA. In this regard, the values of Hurst exponents are given as the training input vector and are taken to the classifiers. We use [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbor ([Formula: see text]-NN) and support vector machine (SVM) to classify a specific brain MRI as normal or glioma affected. For SVM, we apply the leave-one-out cross-validation method for experimental verification. The 2D MF-DFA-SVM system achieved accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of [Formula: see text] ±[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] ±[Formula: see text], respectively. The 2D MF-DFA-[Formula: see text]-NN system achieved accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively. We find that when performing binary classification for brain MRIs, the SVM is superior to [Formula: see text]-NN. In addition, our experimental results indicate that the proposed 2D MF-DFA-SVM achieved excellent outcomes compared to those of the previous works. The proposed system is a promising system to clinical use.