Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal high-risk sibling studies of autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a largely genetic (1, but also see 2) and highly prevalent (3) neurodevelopmental disorder. It is characterized by significant social impairments, and is associated with significant suffering and societal costs (4, 5). Currently, ASD cannot be diagnosed reliably before the age of 2 years. Although biomarkers for ASD are emerging (6), there are no biomarkers available that can prospectively predict diagnostic outcome at early ages. The ASD risk in siblings of individuals with an ASD diagnosis may be as high as 20%, on average (7). The recurrence rate is much higher in boys than in girls, and higher in multiplex families compared to simplex families. Keywords: Autism; sibling; recurrence rate; development; diagnosis; longitudinal design (Published: 24 August 2012) Citation: Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2012, 23 : 18983 - http://dx.doi. org/10.3402/mehd.v23i0. 18983
The nitric oxide system in glucocorticoid-induced hypertension

The blood pressure-raising effects of adrenocortical steroids with predominantly glucocorticoid activity, both naturally occurring and synthetic, are well known. Recent evidence suggests that the nitric oxide system plays a key role in the hypertension produced by glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid actions at various sites in the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway may result in elevated blood pressure. These include: alterations in l-arginine availability or transport; NOS2 and NOS3 downregulation; reduced cofactor bioavailability; NOS uncoupling; a concomitant elevation in reactive oxygen species and removal of nitric oxide (NO) from the vascular environment; alterations in whole body antioxidant status; and erythropoietin induced resistance to NO.
Adoption of E-Business by Thai SMEs

The use of e-business in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has been recently received an enormous attention in information systems research by both academic and practitioners. With the adoption of new and efficient technologies to enhance businesses, Thai SMEs should be able to compete worldwide. Unfortunately, most of the owners are not used to new technologies. It is clear that most Thai SMEs prefer to work manually rather than electronically. This paper aims to provide a fundamental conceptual framework for E-business adoption by Thai SMEs. Rooted in Knowledge transfer model, several factors are identified, which drive and enable e-business adoption. By overlooking the benefits associated with implementing new technologies, it is difficult for Thai SMEs to perform well enough to compete globally. The paper also helps Thai SMEs to understand factors related to E-business adoption. Keywords—E-business, SME, Adoption, Knowledge Transfer, Thailand.
Attitude coordination of deep space formation flying via virtual structure

An attitude coordination control strategy is proposed for deep space formation flying attitude maneuver. The formation is treated as a rigid body via virtual structure. Hierarchical architecture is introduced to deal with the multi-level control of virtual structure and formation spacecrafts. Combining with the attitude motion of the virtual structure, the desired attitude motion trajectories of formation spacecrafts are obtained for attitude control systems. To improve the robustness, a sliding mode control low is designed in the local attitude tracking controller to track the desired attitude trajectory. Finally, a numerical simulation of three spacecrafts deep space formation flying is employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Oesophageal Rupture in a Patient with Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Rupture of the oesophagus (Boerhaave's syndrome) is a rare complication of forceful or suppressed vomiting. Postoperative nausea and vomiting is common but does not usually lead to life-threatening complications. A case of oesophageal rupture in a man who experienced postoperative nausea and vomiting after an uncomplicated procedure is described in this report. Delayed diagnosis mandated conservative treatment. The clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of oesophageal rupture is discussed.
Service Set Identifier Geolocation for Forensic Purposes: Opportunities and Challenges

We discuss the use of selected passive wireless device fingerprinting and prior location inference techniques from a forensic perspective. With specific focus on 802.11 signals, we examine how fingerprints based on the Preferred Network List (PNL) enumerations can be utilized to obtain the locational dimension. This dimension may act as a bridge between the digital fingerprint and the physical world. Using a data set of 147,944 network names contextualized to a particular geographical area, we discuss the associated opportunities, challenges and limitations.
AOFAS Position Statement Regarding the Future of the AOFAS Clinical Rating Systems

Validated outcome measures are useful tools in orthopaedic clinical practice and research for evaluating the effect of a treatment intervention on patient status. There are a wide range of measures used in the evaluation of foot and ankle surgery and attempts to consolidate and standardize them are under way. Unfortunately, not all outcome measures have shown measurement properties that meet recommended quality criteria.13 This makes choosing an appropriate outcome measure all the more difficult and, at this point in time, puts the onus on the researcher to carefully review the evidence for a particular measure. Despite the limited evidence supporting the validity of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Clinical Rating Systems7 and the interpretation of their scores, they continue to be among the most commonly used measures selected by researchers.1,2,4,6,9,11,13,17 Based on the basic algorithm used by the earliest orthopaedic outcome measures, the Iowa Hip Score8 and its successor the Harris Hip Score,5 the framework for the AOFAS Clinical Rating Systems combines physical examination criteria with self-reported pain and function items.11 When a clinical examination is part of a scoring system, this introduces a high risk of inter-observer variability as different examiners may have different measuring techniques.14 This can affect the reliability of a score, i.e., its measurement consistency. Intra-observer and inter-observer relations have not yet been evaluated for the AOFAS Clinical
Crowdfunding Public Goods: An Experiment

We assess the impact of different crowdfunding designs on the success of crowdfunded public goods using a lab-in-the-field experiment. Our design treatments aim to increase the efficiency of crowdfunding campaigns by raising aggregate contributions and decreasing possible coordination problems that may occur when potential donors are faced with a multitude of projects seeking contributions. Amongst others, we explore the potential of seed money and the impact of the attraction effect. Using a four-day time window we implement our crowdfunding experiment using a web-based user interface with multiple threshold public goods, similar in style to conventional crowdfunding websites. We find that such alternative crowdfunding designs affect efficiency via improving coordination, and not so much via affecting total contributions. These results are confirmed in a follow-up framed field experiment with actual nature conservation projects.
The prognosis and management of inactive HBV carriers

Patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection lacking the serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and with antibodies against HBeAg (anti‐HBe), are the prevalent subgroup of HBV carriers worldwide. The prognosis of these patients is different from inactive carriers (ICs), who are characterized by persistently normal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and low (<2000 IU/ml) serum HBV DNA levels, a serological profile that may also be intermittently observed in patients with HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis. This is why a confirmed diagnosis of IC requires quarterly ALT and HBV DNA measurements for at least 1 year, while a single‐point detection of combined HBsAg <1000 IU/ml and HBV DNA <2000 IU/ml has a robust predictive value for the diagnosis of IC. Characteristically, ICs have minimal or no histological lesions of the liver corresponding to liver stiffness values on Fibroscan of <5 kPa. Antiviral treatment is not indicated in ICs since the prognosis for the progression of liver disease is favourable if there are no cofactors of liver damage such as alcohol abuse, excess weight or co‐infection with the hepatitis C virus or delta virus. Moreover, spontaneous HBsAg loss frequently occurs (1–1.9% per year) in these patients while the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare, at least in Caucasian patients. However, an emerging issue reinforcing the need for clinical surveillance of ICs is the risk of HBV reactivation in patients who undergo immunosuppressive therapy without receiving appropriate antiviral prophylaxis. After diagnosis, management of ICs includes monitoring of ALT and HBV DNA every 12 months with periodic measurement of serum HBsAg levels to identify viral clearance.
Sustaining Knowledge in SMEs: Integrating Workplace Learning in Enhancing Knowledge Sharing Behavior

There are widely recognized the importance’s of knowledge for both sectors either large organization or Small Medium Enterprise (SMEs) to increase company performance. Thus, important knowledge must be retained in organizations before this knowledge could be lost through redundancy, retirement, resignation and even through promotion. Therefore, organizations whose practicing knowledge sharing could acquire knowledge for knowledge using in the future and at the same time enhance the accumulation of knowledge for employees and the organization as a whole. However, some workers are willing to share knowledge, but some of them seem uninterested to share knowledge if there is a possibility makes them become less valuable. Thus, the factors that influence knowledge sharing must be understood in order to examine the knowledge sharing behavior. Since learning could change individual behavior, it’s could promote knowledge sharing behavior among workers. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to critically review and examine workplace learning and emerge with knowledge sharing behavior. Further, the critical factors which related to the knowledge sharing behavior were analyzed to construct the integration between workplace learning mode and knowledge sharing process. Then, this paper aimed to explore a connection between workplace learning and knowledge sharing behavior in order to sustain and create a new knowledge. From the literature, this paper could enable understanding for practitioners or SMEs regards the process of workplace learning in order to promote knowledge sharing.
Purchase Intention of Males and Females Through Social Media

Social media use pervades daily life, leading to a dramatic transformation in communication styles. Three factors affecting purchase intentions through SM modified from technology acceptance model include experience (experience on purchasing through social media, perceived usefulness on purchasing through social media, perceived ease of use on purchasing through social media), company (corporate credibility, product/service information), and social (social influence on purchasing through social media, electronic word of mouth on purchasing through social media). Three hundred and thirty-two respondents (male: 171, female: 161) from Taiwan were surveyed using a structure questionnaire. Analysis results indicate that significantly influence shopping intention with respect to social media. Additionally, males and females differ in purchasing intention. Social influence affects purchase intention for females, but not for males. Product/service information affects social influence for females, but not for males.
Loss mechanisms in piezoelectrics: how to measure different losses separately

Losses in piezoelectrics are considered in general to have three different mechanisms: dielectric, mechanical, and piezoelectric losses. This paper deals with the phenomenology of losses first, then how to measure these losses separately in experiments. We found that heat generation at off-resonance is caused mainly by dielectric loss tan /spl delta/' (i.e., P-E hysteresis loss), not by mechanical loss, and that a significant decrease in mechanical Q/sub m/ with an increase of vibration level was observed in resonant piezoelectric ceramic devices, which is due to an increase in the extensive dielectric loss, not in the extensive mechanical loss. We propose the usage of the antiresonance mode rather than the conventional resonance mode, particularly for high power applications because the mechanical quality factor Q/sub B/ at an antiresonance frequency is larger than Q/sub A/ at a resonance frequency.
Access to resources for product diversification and performance of informal dairy enterprises in Kenya

Resources and capabilities are key drivers to good performance of African business firms. However, limited evidence exists on the extent to which access to resources for use in product diversification affects performance of informal business enterprises in Africa. The empirical results indicated that access to resources in the form of excess raw materials (milk), finances and skills on value addition to milk was positively associated with performance of informal dairy enterprises. The results also suggest that value addition had led to increased sales, made the businesses generate more profits, had made them more competitive and had resulted in accumulation of more wealth. However, sales of milk were more compared to those of value added dairy products. Profits generated per week were more in selling milk compared to those of value added dairy products. Based on the findings, the paper discusses the strategy, policy as well as the research implications for the informal dairy sector in Kenya.
Aircraft observations and model simulations of concentration and particle size distribution in the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash cloud

The Eyjafjallajokull volcano in Iceland emitted a cloud of ash into the atmosphere during April and May 2010. Over the UK the ash cloud was observed by the FAAM BAe-146 Atmospheric Research Aircraft which was equipped with in-situ probes measuring the concentration of volcanic ash carried by particles of varying sizes. The UK Met Office Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME) has been used to simulate the evolution of the ash cloud emitted by the Eyjafjallajokull volcano during the period 4–18 May 2010. In the NAME simulations the processes controlling the evolution of the concentration and particle size distribution include sedimentation and deposition of particles, horizontal dispersion and vertical wind shear. For travel times between 24 and 72 h, a 1/t relationship describes the evolution of the concentration at the centre of the ash cloud and the particle size distribution remains fairly constant. Although NAME does not represent the effects of microphysical processes, it can capture the observed decrease in concentration with travel time in this period. This suggests that, for this eruption, microphysical processes play a small role in determining the evolution of the distal ash cloud. Quantitative comparison with observations shows that NAME can simulate the observed column-integrated mass if around 4% of the total emitted mass is assumed to be transported as far as the UK by small particles (< 30 μm diameter). NAME can also simulate the observed particle size distribution if a distal particle size distribution that contains a large fraction of < 10 μm diameter particles is used, consistent with the idea that phraetomagmatic volcanoes, such as Eyjafjallajokull, emit very fine particles.
Host attachment and fluid shear are integrated into a mechanical signal regulating virulence in Escherichia coli O157:H7

Significance Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a foodborne pathogen that can cause bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome, which can lead to severe clinical complications such as kidney failure. The main factors triggering disease are well known and include type 3 secreted effectors, adhesins, and Shiga toxins. Much less is known about how these factors are induced in response to the environmental transition that bacteria experience during transfer into and passage through the host. We show here that although positive regulators of virulence are induced during passage through the host, they are only activated to increase virulence as a result of force generated by host cell contact. Thus, mechanosensation is a way of integrating multifactorial environmental cues to fine-tune virulence regulation. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a foodborne pathogen causing hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. EHEC colonizes the intestinal tract through a range of virulence factors encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), as well as Shiga toxin. Although the factors involved in colonization and disease are well characterized, how EHEC regulates its expression in response to a host encounter is not well understood. Here, we report that EHEC perceives attachment to host cells as a mechanical cue that leads to expression of LEE-encoded virulence genes. This signal is transduced via the LEE-encoded global regulator of LEE-encoded regulator (Ler) and global regulator of Ler and is further enhanced by levels of shear force similar to peristaltic forces in the intestinal tract. Our data suggest that, in addition to a range of chemical environmental signals, EHEC is capable of sensing and responding to mechanical cues to adapt to its host’s physiology.
Wage Gaps, Earnings Gaps, and the Market Power of Employers

Women are less mobile between firms than men which gives employers more market power over women and explains parts of the gender wage gap. I rationalize this observation as a consequence of different gender roles in the household. The higher a spouse's earnings, the more likely relative wage differences outweigh utility differences between jobs. About 87\% of estimated differences in inter-firm mobility are attributed to this effect and are, thus, endogenous. This implies mutually enforcing cycles between wage gaps, earnings gaps, and employers' market power and has implications for the effects of labor-market policies.
Developing a prototype satellite-based cyber-physical system for smart wastewater treatment

Frequent adjustment of operating strategies in a wastewater treatment plant as a situational response to water quality in the water body for effluent disposal has been facing a grand opportunity. This opportunity is emanated from transitioning the sporadic water quality monitoring in the water body for effluent disposal to the satellite-based situation-awareness, self-adaptive and fast response system. To achieve this goal, the cyber-physical system (CPS) is developed in this study to respond to the needs of smart wastewater infrastructure management. This prototype CPS is able to gather the massive volumes of water quality information via advanced remote sensing technologies to timely detect water pollution, exchange information through cyber interfaces, provide early-warning awareness with the aid of different feature extraction models, and support actionable intelligence for tuning the effluent disposal and recycling strategies for wastewater treatment. Integrated feature extraction techniques using extreme learning machine algorithms within the CPS architecture is emphasized in this study for smart wastewater infrastructure management through the interactions between the treatment facilities and satellites.
Atrial Fibrillation: Emerging Possibilities for Drug Treatment: An Overview of Current Opportunities and Recent Developments

Undoubtedly, atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major clinical and economic burden in this age of an impending global pandemic of cardiovascular disease (1,2,3). There is a considerable overlap between AF and ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and congestive heart failure-all against the background of increasing life expectancy. The overall prevalence of AF is approximately 5% to 9% in individuals older than 65 years, and more than 10% in those over 80 years of age, and it is rising steadily with the increase in the proportion of the aging population. AF now accounts for more than 30% of hospital admissions for cardiac arrhythmias. It is associated with substantial risks of morbidity and mortality, mainly as a result of thromboembolism, ischemic strokes, and heart failure. These complications are most likely due to poorly controlled ventricular response akin to the phenomenon of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Thus, heart failure is not only an important and well-known cause of AF, but it may also be the result of sustained uncontrolled AF with persistent rapid ventricular response occurring in patients with or without heart disease (4). A number of nonpharmacologic approaches to AF, such as the use of electrode catheter ablation, surgical
State of strategy and structure in India: a study of top 100 firms

Indian economy is on a growth trajectory and many studies are projecting India to be among leading economies of future. The role and significance of India in the global economy is continuously increasing. Following the seminal work of Chandler, strategy and structure research has made a lot of progress and is one of major research issue in strategy. This paper studies the strategies and structures of the top 100 companies in India. Organizational structure and functional structure are most talked about structure-related terms in Indian firms. The paper finds that more companies are focusing on these structures as they have started facing competition. However this area needs more specification and focus.
Esophageal Carcinoma: Current Controversial Topics

Worldwide, esophageal carcinoma is a common gastrointestinal cancer with a high mortality. The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is increasing in the western world, but squamous cell carcinoma remains dominant in the underdeveloped parts of the world. Both types of esophageal carcinoma remain equally virulent. Currently, there are no optimal preventative screening programs available and most patients present with advanced or metastatic disease. Although many options are available for improving diagnostic accuracy, a single method has not displayed significant advantages over the others. In addition, selecting a superior treatment regimen has not surfaced. Preferred resection techniques exist, but one method has not illustrated improvements in survival over the others. A lack of improved survival rates with single modality therapies has led to a multi modality approach. However, developments in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies have led to mixed conclusions. Collectively, past studies have not shown an optimal neoadjuvant or adjuvant regimen in terms of survival benefit. This review highlights existing staging modalities and treatment regimens for esophageal carcinoma, in an effort to illustrate the controversial nature surrounding its management.