Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Genus Curreya: An Example of Taxonomic Confusion in the Ascomycetes

The great majority of species of Ascomycetes having ascospores with both transverse and longitudinal septa belong in the Loculoascomycetes. These species are currently arranged in relatively few, heterogeneous genera. The recognition of additional families within the Loculoascomycetes (Barr, 1979) demands, in turn, clarification of the limits of each genus and its position in a revised classification. A study of generic types is in progress. The genus Curreya was erected by Saccardo (1883) in the Dothideaceae for species with brown muriform ascospores in octosporous asci borne in stromata. Two species were included, C. conorum (Fckl.) Sacc. and C. excavata (Cke. & Ell.) Sacc. ; the first of these, C. conorum, has been accepted by later authors as the type species of the genus. Between 1883 and 1915, at least 13 additional species were described in Curreya, but Theissen and Sydow (1915) included only three: C. conorum, C. pusilla Karst. & Malbranch, and C. shepherdiae Ell. & Ev. They arranged Curreya in the Montagnellaceen 1. Eu-Montagnelleae, and for several species of Curreya erected new genera: Epibotyrs for Curreya ? bambusicola Speg. (Montagnellaceen), Dictyodothis for Curreya berberidis Rehm and C. excavata (Dothideen), Hyalocurreya for Curreya sandicensis Ell. & Ev. and C. palmincola Rehm (Eu-Montagnelleen). Additionally, Theissen and Sydow (1915) excluded from the genus C. ulmicola Pass. which has "true" beaked perithecia, purple-red peridium and lacks stroma, and considered C. (Curreyella) larigna (Lamb. & Fautr.) v. Hohnel as a doubtful species.
THE MATING SYSTEM AND GENETIC VARIABILITY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF COLLINSIA HETEROPHYLLA

There is now a large body of evidence which indicates that populations of plants and animals contain great amounts of genetic variability (e.g., Dempster, 1955; Dobzhansky, 1955), and the elucidation of the factors which maintain this variability within populations is one of the main problems confronting population genetics today (e.g., Allard and Jain, 1962; Dobzhansky, Spassky, and Tidwell, 1963; Wallace, 1963). One requirement for the solution of this problem is adequate data concerning the magnitude and nature of the genetic variability contained within populations. However, despite the extensive work which has been done in plant evolution and plant population genetics, there appear to be no precise estimates for quantitative characters of the genetic variability within individual populations of any naturally occurring plant species. The most extensive data concerning quantitative variability within individual natural plant populations appear to be those of Baker (1957) for Geranium purpureum. From experimental field plantings made over several years, Baker determined between plant phenotypic variance for several
Part I. The Use of Lactobacillus Plantarum Starter Cultures to Inhibit Rootlet Growth during Germination of Barley, Reducing Malting Loss, and its Influence on Malt Quality

The reduction of malting loss has been an ambition for many decades, with the aim to achieve higher yields in the malting process. Organic acids have been shown to possess restricting effects on rootlet growth if exceeding critical concentrations. Lactic acid bacteria are able to produce high amounts of organic acids. In the present study, the potential of a broad selection of Lactobacillus plantarum strains as starter cultures to reduce malting loss and their subsequent impact on malt quality were examined. Starter cultures were prepared in a modified de Man, Rogosa, and Sharp medium and added to the grain immediately after steeping. A chemically acidified solution was added to mimic the impact of acids produced by the L. plantarum strains on rootlet growth suppression. The bacterial fermentation broths of all L. plantarum strains tested reduced malting loss to a similar extent accompanied by lower friability values and increased β-glucan contents. Malting loss could be reduced from approx. 7.3 to 2.3%. Resteeping in the chemically acidified solution reduced malting loss to approx. 3.5%. In both cases, the reduction in malting loss was accompanied with lower enzyme activities, in particular α-amylase, limit dextrinase, and β-glucanase. Although the quality of malt produced with reduced malting loss was diminished compared with control malt, parameters such as soluble nitrogen, free amino nitrogen, β-glucan, and friability were still in a range that can be seen as sufficient for brewing purposes.
Influence of anthropogenic activities on microbial and nutrient levels along the Mara River tributaries, Kenya

Background: A number of factors impact negatively on natural surface water resources across the world. Although sources of surface water pollution are numerous, anthropogenic activities have been singled out as among the most important and of great concern. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of anthropogenic activities on nutrients and microbial levels along the Amala and Nyangores tributaries of the Mara River in Kenya. Materials and Methods: Four sampling sites along each tributary were specifically selected from which water samples were collected and analyzed for nutrients by use of spectrophotometric techniques, and coliform bacterial presence by a multiple tube fermentation technique. Results: Higher levels of total phosphorus were recorded along the Nyangores than the Amala tributary (P= 0.02). Significant differences in phosphorus levels were recorded between different sites along the Nyangores tributary (P= However, total nitrogen levels varied only within sites along the Nyangores tributary (P Conclusions: The findings imply that the health of local communities who depend on this water for domestic use might be compromised. As such, regular monitoring, strict enforcement of environmental protection laws, public education and proper sewage disposal is recommended.
MALIGNANT DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD AND DIAGNOSTIC IRRADIATION IN UTERO

work on pneumonokoniosis. In patientsin whomventilation is uneven there is an initial phaseof rapid mixing and a subsequentphaseof slow mixing. W. A. Briscoe' showed that this situation was comparablewith that in a model lung in which there was a space ventilated solely by gaseousdiffusion. This, in effect, is the basisof the concept of lungs composedof two spaces,one well ventilated and the other poorly ventilated; neither spaceexists as such. As with an index of mixing efficiency, it is no more than a useful way of giving simple expressionto a complicated state of affairs. Thus, for example, it has become well known that, typically, the mixing efficiency in emphysema is poor, and the poor-ly ventilated space relatively large. Theseabnormalitieshave someeffect on gasexchange,but, as with the functional residual capacity, the correlation with disability is not particularly high.
Cloning, Characterization and Expression Analysis of GbWRKY11, a Novel Transcription Factor Gene in Ginkgo biloba

WRKY transcription factors are involved in diverse life processes in plants. Thus far, these proteins have not been reported in Ginkgo biloba. In this study, we cloned GbWRKY11, a novel WRKY transcription factor gene, from G. biloba. The cDNA of GbWRKY11 is 1,707 bp in length and encodes a putative protein of 402 amino acids. The GbWRKY11 protein has an estimated molecular weight of 43.64 kDa and belongs to the WRKY IId group. The genomic DNA of GbWRKY11 contains two introns and three exons. GbWRKY11 gene is ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues but preferentially expressed in female flowers. The GbWRKY11 transcript is upregulated in response to salicylic acid, ethephon, and abscisic acid but repressed by methyl jasmonate, salinity, cold and heat. Thus, GbWRKY11, a newly identified G. biloba WRKY transcription factor, is apparently involved in multiple signaling pathways in response to abiotic stresses. This study provides a basis for further research on the function of GbWRKY11. © 2016 Friends Science Publishers
4,030 Wene.fm

Creation of markets for more efficient technologies requires careful targeting of actors that have an interest in driving the process further. Such will both reduce the resources needed and make use of the actors self-interest for development and thus uphold the learning process. This is done by identification of strategic niche markets (SNM) where those suppliers and users, that have the biggest interest and benefit of the change will act. Both the identification and the development is a dynamic process that is better designed and operated by use of a triangulation method introduced by the IEA in its recent work. Introduction In spite of all good work and all attempts to harvest the huge technical and economic potential for energy efficiency improvements globally the energy use is still rising and the potential is still in the same order as decades ago. Does this signify a failure or a normal state of development? In policy making and policy design the ruling concept is still to attack Barriers, though Market Transformation and R&D policies are sometimes mentioned and tested. There is evidence that a more fruitful concept is to combine these three views and develop more complex and enduring Deployment Programmes. One finding of this work is that energy-efficiency programs are highly contextual and cannot easily be transferred among countries and/or sectors; nonetheless, there are common success factors, and measures that have these characteristics can be repeated or transferred. Truly successful programs have been developed over a long period, combine several policy issues (i.e. are coherent), use feedback mechanisms to reflect on their results (i.e. capture the learning effects), and are demand driven which releases the force of aggregated purchasing volumes. This paper will make use of the IEA developed Policy Triangulation and apply it especially on Energy Efficiency cases to investigate how policy making and design can be improved and have bigger impact in the future. The paper will make use of the material gathered for the IEA but also add more recent material and analysis made for Norwegian cases. A good intention is just not enough Society has always a wish to cure the limitations of the market. In the area of energy efficiency the awareness that the sum of individual decisions are not always leading to the optimal energy system has led to several attempts to correct the market misallocation. 1 In many cases society has been prepared to either pay for, or reallocate, investments that cover the difference between the individual willingness to pay and the real cost. Thus there have been numerous programmes for resource acquisition fostered. The real cost of 1. The world misallocation is deliberately used since it is not a market failure in the strict sense of the word. 4,030
The Diel Cycle of Stratification and Productivity in Two Lakes of the Chuska Mountains, New Mexico

Deadman and Whiskey lakes are shallow lakes having abundant rooted vegetation. They are located on the flat, rolling crest of the Chuska Mountains. The vertical plant stems and thermal density strata inhibited turbulence in the water columns of these lakes so that a discrete trophogenic zone developed each day during photosynthesis. This stratification was disrupted by descending density currents when the surface water was cooled each evening. Because the daily stratification inhibits chemical interchange between the trophogenic zone and the tropholytic zone adjacent to the sediments, the rate of net productivity can be estimated from measurements of the diurnal accumulation of oxygen in the trophogenic zone. The mean rate of net oxygen production derived from three 20-hour studies of the cycle of stratification was 364 mg/m2/hr, indicating that the net productivity among the rooted plants in these lakes is on the order of 1 g carbon/m2/day.
Regulation on phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells by Astragalus mongholicus polysac-charides

Objective To explore the mechanism of immunomodulatory activity of ASP on murine bone marrow(BM)-derived dendritic cells(DC). Methods We used immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, scanning probe microscope, ELISA to determine the effect of ASP. Results ASP(10, 50, 100, 250μg/ml) could increase the co-expression of CDllc and MHC classⅡmolecules on DC surface. The ability of unstimulated DC to uptake FTTC-dextran was higher than that of ASP- or LPS-treated DC. We analyzed the concentration of IL-12 secreted by DC using ELISA. ASP-treated DC secreted higher level of IL-12 than untreated DC. And ASP- or LPS-treated DC displayed a more matured morphology, with long protrusions, while untreated-DC displayed shorter protrusions than stimulated DC. Conclusion The results suggest that ASP can promote the phenotypic and functional maturation of DC.
Point mutations in the coat protein gene of tobacco mosaic virus induce hypersensitivity in Nicotiana sylvestris

Quatre mutations dans differentes regions du gene de la proteine capsidiale du Virus de la Mosaique du Tabac (VMT) ont ete realisees par mutagenese dirigee. Les 4 mutants produisaient des reactions d'hypersensibilite phenotypiquement differentes sur Nicotiana sylvestris et une reponse systemique sur Nicotiana tabacum, alors que les virus «de type sauvage» induisaient les symptomes systemiques sur ces deux hotes. Ce travail met en evidence que certains sites du gene de la proteine de revetement du VMT peuvent affecter la reponse de l'hote
Potential Transcriptional Synergy Between Upstream Regions and Introns of Yeast Genes

Previous work indicated that there was a large difference of the sequence features of introns between highly- and lowly-transcribed yeast genes. Some potential positive transcriptional regulatory motifs in the highly-transcribed introns were extracted. It was found that these introns were very close to the upstream regions of genes, and several introns even located within 5'-UTR. These results show that introns of yeast genes may regulate the transcriptional efficiencies and cooperate with upstream regions. To understand the synergy between upstream regions and introns of highly-transcribed yeast genes, the upstream regions (800 bp upstream of translation start sites, or the regions of two adjacent genes) of these two sets of genes were retrieved, and some potential positive transcriptional motifs in the upstream of highly-transcribed genes were extracted using the statistical comparative analysis approach developed before. Most of the potential motifs extracted were supported by literature search of experimental analyses. Then, every pair of oligonucleotides, one in the upstream region and the other in the intron, was defined as an "oligonucleotide pair", i.e. a motif pair. Considering the motif pairs with the "nearest distance" not larger than 84 bp, the motif pairs, mainly tetra- and penta-nucleotide pairs, occurring in the highly-transcribed genes non-randomly were extracted and the synergistic pattern of these motif pairs including position distributions and binding transcription factors such as RAP1, ABF1 and TAF was analyzed. Some potential patterns of transcriptional synergy were observed. These results could help people to understand the mechanism of transcriptional regulation and provide evidence for biological verification.
FORMAÇÃO DE GRUPOS ESTRATÉGICOS ENTRE EMPRESAS DE LATICÍNIOS: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO NO ESTADO DO PARÁ, BRASIL

O objetivo deste artigo e identificar e analisar a presenca de grupos estrategicos entre as empresas de laticinios no estado do Para. A metodologia foi exploratorio-descritiva, desenvolvida na forma de censo, e teve como universo de pesquisa as empresas cadastradas no Servico de Inspecao Federal (SIF/MAPA) e Estadual (SIE/ADEPARA). Os dados foram obtidos em pesquisa de campo, com a participacao de 30 empresas de laticinios, que representaram 81% das empresas em operacao no estado. O tratamento dos dados utilizou estatistica descritiva e multivariada (Analise de Agrupamentos) para sistematizar treze indicadores de estrategias competitivas. Os resultados possibilitaram identificar quatro grupos estrategicos, bem diferentes entre si, denominados como Lideres, Seguidores, Ascendentes e Inaptos. As conclusoes revelaram que o grupo estrategico mais competitivo, o de Lideres, foi formado por empresas com atuacao interestadual, que apresentam maior volume e capacidade de producao, que investem intensamente em inovacoes em processos e que atribuem maior importância a qualidade da materia-prima. Os demais grupos assumiram posicoes intermediarias, ate a formacao de um grupo composto apenas por empresas de atuacao estadual, com reduzida capacidade produtiva e de competitividade (Inaptos). Esses resultados sugerem organizacoes voltadas para mercados de commodities, com baixa diferenciacao e modelos estruturalistas de competitividade. Palavras-chave: Cadeia de Producao; Leite e Derivados; Competitividade; Analise de Agrupamentos.
DISTRIBUTION OF GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE IN THE BRAIN AND HATSCHEK'S PIT OF AMPHIOXUS (BRANCHIOSTOMA BELCHERI)

Immunoactivity (IR) of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) distributed in the brain and Hatschek's pit of amphioxus was investigated by means of immunochemistry using antibodies against the mammalian GnRH (decapeptide). APA immunostaining method demonstrated immunoactive structure for mammalian GnRH which wer distributed in the dorsal of telencephalon front tip,close middle region of midbrain,nerve tuber,as well as Hatschek's pit. GnRH ir bodies may be divided into three types,one is large bodies in the telencephalon and midbrain the others are middle and small bodies which are concentrated in the middle region of midbrain and telencephalon. The long bead shape GnRH ir nerve fiber was found extending from the outer ventrolateral side of telencephalon front tip to midbrain ventral side. GnRH immunopositive fibers were observed near the Hatschek's pit,the epithelial cells also show GnRH immunoactivity. We made a comparison between amphioxus and fish on the morphological distribution of GnRH ir bodies and their nerve fibers within the brain and Hatschek's pit,and found that in the brain of amphioxus primitive GnRH system may exist,like in the fish brain. On the other hand,the in situ histochemical hybridization demonstrated that GnRH may be expressed in the nerve cells of brain and nerve tuber of amphioxus. This indicates that the nervous system in amphioxus can synthesize GnRH substance by itself. This paper provides morphological proof for the first time.
Nucleotide excision repair : variations on versatility

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the most versatile DNA repair systems. It can be subdivided into several, differentially regulated, sub- pathways: global genome repair (GGR), transcrip- tion-coupled repair (TCR), and transcription domain- associated repair (DAR). This review begins with a brief overview of the numerous types of DNA lesions handled by NER, and proceeds to describe in detail the molecular mechanisms of NER. It then addresses heterogeneities in NER activity in physiological situations (e. g. in differentiated cells) and explores the underlying regulatory mechanism. It then reviews several inherited diseases associated with NER defi- ciencies: xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syn- drome, trichothiodystrophy, UV-sensitive syndrome. It concludes by discussing several currently unre- solved issues, relating either to the cause of the above diseases or to the mechanistic details of the various NER subpathways and of their regulation. (Part of a Multi-author Review)
Effects of cuscuta chinensis polysaccharide on diabetic mice by alloxan

Aim To study the effects of cuscuta chinensis polysaccharide on diabetic mice by alloxan.Methods The model diabetic mice were replicated by alloxan,then effects of cuscuta chinensis polysaccharide on diabetic mice were observed at the dosage of 150,300,600 mg·kg-1 respectively.Results Cuscuta chinensis polysaccharide can significantly lower the high fasting blood glucose level,raise weight of body and immune organs.Conclusion There were obvious effects on diabetes mellitus of cuscuta chinensis polysaccharide.
Expressions of androgen and estrogen receptors in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

Objective To investigate the expressions of androgen receptor(AR) and estrogen receptor(ER) in non-small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC). Methods Expressions of AR and ER were examined using immunohistochemical method in adenocarcinoma(54 cases) and squamous carcinoma(78 cases). Results The total positive expression rates were 21.2%(28/132) for AR and 18.2%(24/132) for ER.The positive rate of AR was significantly correlated with TNM stages and lymph node metastasis(P0.05). The three-year survival rate was significantly lower in AR-positive group than that in AR-negative group(21.4% vs.45.2%)(P0.05). The three-year survival rate was lower in ER-positive than that in ER-negative(29.2% vs.42.6%)(P0.05). Conclusion The positive expression of AR may play a role in the progression and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC and predict a poor prognosis.
Perceptions of cyber bullying at primary and secondary school level amongst student teachers in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa

Cyber bullying has become a topical issue in South Africa. However, there is very little guidance or training for teachers on how to deal with cyber bullying in the classroom. This study investigated the perceptions of cyber bullying amongst student teachers in the Eastern Cape. The study made use of a quantitative survey approach to collect data from 150 student teachers at a university in the Eastern Cape. The student teachers were representative of all three school phases. The results indicated that almost half of the student teachers had been victims of cyber bullying. Overall, cyber bullying was considered a serious issue for the student teachers but awareness of the prevalence of the issue decreased outside the classroom. The topic has not been incorporated into policy or the school curriculum in South Africa. The study recommends that the Department of Basic Education must provide a standardised policy and curriculum that schools can use to implement and enforce cyber safety behaviour in the schools.
Cadmium-inducible expression of the ABC-type transporter AtABCC3 increases phytochelatin-mediated cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis

The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental contaminant with harmful effects on living cells. In plants, phytochelatin (PC)-dependent Cd detoxification requires that PC–Cd complexes are transported into vacuoles. Here, it is shown that Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings defective in the ABCC transporter AtABCC3 (abcc3) have an increased sensitivity to different Cd concentrations, and that seedlings overexpressing AtABCC3 (AtABCC3ox) have an increased Cd tolerance. The cellular distribution of Cd was analysed in protoplasts from abcc3 mutants and AtABCC3 overexpressors grown in the presence of Cd, by means of the Cd-specific fluorochromes 5-nitrobenzothiazole coumarin (BTC-5N) and Leadmium™ Green AM dye. This analysis revealed that Cd is mostly localized in the cytosol of abcc3 mutant protoplasts whereas there is an increase in vacuolar Cd in protoplasts from AtABCC3ox plants. Overexpression of AtABCC3 in cad13 mutant seedlings defective in PC production and in plants treated with l-buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of PC biosynthesis, had no effect on Cd tolerance, suggesting that AtABCC3 acts via PCs. In addition, overexpression of AtABCC3 in atabcc1 atabcc2 mutant seedlings defective in the Cd transporters AtABCC1 and AtABCC2 complements the Cd sensitivity of double mutants, but not in the presence of BSO. Accordingly, the level of AtABCC3 transcript in wild type seedlings was lower than that of AtABCC1 and AtABCC2 in the absence of Cd but higher after Cd exposure, and even higher in atabcc1 atabcc2 mutants. The results point to AtABCC3 as a transporter of PC–Cd complexes, and suggest that its activity is regulated by Cd and is co-ordinated with the activity of AtABCC1/AtABCC2.