Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological Findings in Chronic Venous Insufficiency

During recent years the pathogenesis and aetiological factors in venous ulcers have been discussed frequently. In many controversies it appears that the basic processes and the general rules of pathology are overlooked. One of these basic processes is the response of the human organism to injury. Injury and the subsequent tissue repair always follow the same pattern irrespective of the aetiology of the injury. Similar processes occur after trauma. burns. inflammation. ischaemia. etc. This basic response and its developmental steps answer many of the questions that have given rise to controversies. Morphological findings in Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) may be obtained by two methods: capillary microscopy; and biopsy with subsequent light and electron microscopy. including immunohistochemical investigation. Both are valuable methods but both have their limits. Capillary microscopy visualizes only the superficial cutaneous layer in one horizontal level. Histopathology considers both the horizontal and vertical dimensions. but excision and punch biopsy are restricted to the ulcer-bearing skin. In areas with intact skin. biopsies are contraindicated because of the danger of provoking the development of an ucler. The only occasion on which biopsies may be obtained away from the immediate surroundings of an ulcer occurs when an ulcer is widely excised in order to cover it with a skin graft. For this reason most examinations have been based on material that is partly necrotic. On the other hand, most capillary microscopy examinations are performed on skin areas without ulceration. This is the reason for many diverse findings. Biopsies from ulcers do not present comparable material to tissue from
Studies on the diversity and distribution of marine ichthyoparasites in Southern Africa

ix Acknowledgements . xii Chapter 1. General Introduction . 1 1.1. Marine Parasitology . 1 1.2. Marine Parasites: Life Cycles, Roles and Functions . 2 1.3. Marine Parasites and Humans . 5 1.3.1. Impacts of Marine Parasites on Humans . 5 1.3.1.1. Implications in Capture Fisheries . 5 1.3.1.2. Implications for Human Health . 7 1.3.1.3. Implications for Aquaculture . 9 1.3.2. Impacts of Humans on Marine Parasites . 10 1.3.2.1. Marine Fisheries. 10 1.3.2.2. Marine Pollution . 11 1.3. 3. Applied Marine Parasitology . 12 1.3. 3.1. Parasites as Biological Markers . 12 1.3. 3.2. Parasites as Bioindicators . 13 1.4. Thesis Overview . 14 Chapter 2. Study Region: Currents, Oceanography and Biogeography . 16 2.1. Currents of Southern Africa . 16 2.1.1. The Benguela Current . 16 2.1.2. The Agulhas Current . 17 2.2. Marine Ecosystems of South Western Africa . 18 2.2.1. The Northern Benguela . 19
Estimulación eléctrica medular en el paciente con neurofibromatosis tipo 1: reporte de un caso

espanolRESUMEN Antecedentes: La neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1) es una enfermedad genetica con una incidencia de 1 entre 2.500-3.000 habitantes. La presencia de neurofibromas (NF) en diferentes estructuras del sistema nervioso central puede desencadenar cuadros severos de dolor, entre otros sintomas neurologicos. Es importante mencionar que tambien el dolor puede ser postquirurgico, ya que el tratamiento de los NF es fundamentalmente quirurgico. Objetivo: Presentar un reporte de caso de un paciente portador de NF1 con dolor neuropatico secundario a NF, el cual fue tratado mediante estimulacion electrica medular (EEM). Metodos: Varon de 41 anos de edad con dolor neuropatico en region lumbar con irradiacion a extremidades inferiores secundario a NF a nivel de raices L2-L3-L4-L5, con poca respuesta y tolerancia al manejo farmacologico. Fue sometido en forma inicial a implante de electrodo de prueba de EEM e implante subsecuente de equipo definitivo. La Escala Visual Analogica (EVA) fue empleada para valorar la intensidad de dolor. Resultados: El paciente reporto mejoria en el control del dolor neuropatico. El EVA inicial reportado fue de 8/10, y el EVA posterior a la colocacion definitiva de EEM fue 1/10, logrando una reduccion total de tratamiento analgesico farmacologico. Conclusiones: La EEM puede representar una opcion en el manejo del dolor neuropatico secundario a NF1. EnglishABSTRACT Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disease with an incidence of 1 per 2.500-3.000 inhabitants. The presence of neurofibroma (NF) in different structures of the Central Nervous System can trigger severe pain, among other neurological symptoms. It is important to mention that the pain can also be post-surgical, since the NF is treated mainly using surgical proceedings. Objective: To present a case report of a patient with NF1 with neuropathic pain secondary to NF, who was treated by electrical stimulation of spinal cord (ESSC). Methods: A 41-year-old male patient suffering from neuropathic pain in the lumbar region, which irradiated to the lower extremities secondary to NF at the L2-L3-L4-L5 level. He had a poor response and tolerance to pharmacological management. He initially underwent an implantation of a trial ESSC electrode and subsequently an implantation of definitive equipment. The Visual Analogue Scale (EVA) was used to assess pain intensity. Results: The patient reported improvement in the control of neuropathic pain. The baseline EVA reported was 8/10, and the EVA after the definitive placement of the ESSC was 2/10, achieving a total reduction of the pharmacological analgesic treatment. Conclusions: ESSC may represent an option in the management of neuropathic pain secondary to NF1.
A critical evaluation of indentation crack lengths in air

The most common method of assessing the fracture properties of ceramics and glasses is the observation and measurement of cracks generated at sharp indentation contact impressions. Specifically, the surface traces of radial or half-penny cracks formed adjacent to Vickers indentations are commonly measured. Such cracks are perpendicular to the indented surface and hence often control the strength of the indented component. The popularity of the method stems from: (a) the minimal specimen requirements—a flat, small area of material is merely required; (b) the ease of application—gravity-loaded indentation followed by optical microscopy is usually sufficient; and (c) the simplicity of analysis—a simple, calibrated, power law can relate measured indentation load and crack length to material toughness. The seminal indentation crack length toughness study by Anstis et al1 nearly 40 years ago demonstrated the caveats necessary in implementing (a)-(c) above: a large enough specimen area is required to perform a sufficient number of indentations over a peak load domain wide enough to establish the applicability of the technique; inert conditions must be maintained, usually requiring a silicone oil coating of the surface to impede moisture ingress during both indentation and microscopy; and, although the power-law formulation was well anchored in fracture mechanics,2 the calibration of the resulting indentation crack length parameter with inert toughness was really a correlation that was demonstrated to have an accuracy of about a factor of two. Nevertheless, in the intervening period, Received: 9 October 2019 | Revised: 12 November 2019 | Accepted: 13 November 2019 DOI: 10.1111/jace.16925
Opposite effects of photoperiod and temperature on circadian rhythms of pineal arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferas (AANAT) activity and circulating levels of thyroid hormones in airbreathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus

ABSTRACT Effects of different photoperiods (9L-15D, 12L-12D and 15L-9D at a constant temperature 25 ± 1°C) and simulated temperatures (15°C, 25°C and 35°C under a common photoperiod 12L-12D) were investigated on the circadian rhythms of plasma levels of thyroid hormones [thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)] and pineal arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) activity in the fish, Clarias gariepinus during winter and summer seasons. Irrespective of the seasons, plasma levels of thyroid hormones (THs) and pineal AANAT activity exhibited circadian rhythm under all the photoperiodic regimes and simulated temperatures. The levels of THs were found to be directly related to the length of photoperiod as well as temperature. In contrast, pineal AANAT activity was inversely related to the length of photoperiod and temperature. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that photoperiod and temperature jointly regulate the inverse temporal relationship between the circadian rhythms of plasma levels of THs and pineal AANAT activity in C. gariepinus.
Sensemaking and Big Data Science: Soft and Hard Marketing Skills Are Needed Today

The story of how Big Data Science was enabled through the marriage of technology in the form of the young discipline of computer science and the mature discipline of statistics was told by Gil Press in his (2013) Forbes piece titled ‘A Very Short History Of Data Science. ’ The name “Data Science” is now the discipline charged with utilizing Big Data. But making sense of data has a much longer history and has been debated by scientists, statisticians, librarians, computer scientists and others for years. More recently, the ideas surrounding the importance of ‘context’ have been integrated into the use of big data in strategic decision making. Karl Weick (1993) introduced the concept of Sensemaking in organizational decision making to account for failures in data-driven decision making. This approach has been brought forward by Christian Madsjerg in his new book Sensemaking: The Power of Humanities in the age of the Algorithm (2017). However, McNamara (2005) has questioned whether or not many people really understand what Sensemaking is in practice, and Jones (2015) has argued that it is merely a collection of methodologies that are equivalent to thinking paradigms for doing research. This paper will explore Sensemaking and its relationship to Big Data Science today and offer examples of where Data Science succeeds and fails. Where Did Big Data Begin? In 1947, John Tukey coined the term “bit” according to Claude Shannon as recorded in his 1948 paper “A Mathematical Theory of Communications. ” In Tukey’s work done for the Army Research Office in 1961 and published in 1962 titled, “The Future of Data Analysis,” John Tukey wrote, “For a long time I thought I was a statistician, interested in inferences from the particular to the general. But as I have watched mathematical statistics evolve, I have had cause to wonder and doubt. I have come to feel that my central interest is in data analysis. Data analysis, and the parts of statistics which adhere to it, must.take on the characteristics of science rather than those of mathematics. data analysis is intrinsically an empirical science. How vital and how important. is the rise of the stored-program electronic computer? In many instances the answer may surprise many by being ‘important but not vital,’ although in others there is no doubt but what the computer has been ‘vital. ’” Then, in 1977, Tukey published his widely used text “Exploratory Data Analysis,” where he said that, “more emphasis needs to be placed on using data to suggest hypotheses to test and that Exploratory Data Analysis and Confirmatory Data Analysis “can—and should—proceed side by side. ” Where Is Big Data Today? Some say John Massey made the term “Big Data” popular in in his presentation “Big Data.and the Next wave of InfraStress” (1998). The Wall Street Journal has estimated the extent of ‘Big Data’ collection there as follows: Four of the Five V’s of Big Data provide a structure for evaluating sources of data and their integrity, but they don’t provide value or meaning.
Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Surgical Stress Responses at Patients Under CABG

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery with extracorporeal circulation produce changes in the immune system and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. we hypothesize that Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant , modulates the inflammatory response after CABG. In a prospective, randomized, blind study, 31 patients were assigned to Dexmedetomidine (Dex) group and compared with control group of 30 patients. Dex was administered at a loading dose of 0.5 μg/kg for 10 min , followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5 μg/kg per hour until the completion of CABG with CPB . The endpoints used to assess inflammatory responses to mini – CPB were plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF) – á , interleukin (IL – 6 ) and interleukin ( IL – 10) levels. The inflammatory markers (IL – 6 , IL – 10 , TNF – á ) were determined after Dex administration , before CPB and 24 hours after admission to ICU. Biochemical factors including glucose , creatinine , lactate , BUN, AST , ALT , LDH were determined before CPB, immediately after entering the ICU , 24 hr , 48 hr and 72 hr post admission to ICU. Hemodynamic variables were also determined. Dex group was associated with a significant reduction in urea and creatinine. There were no significant differences in glucose, lactate, liver enzymes, LDH , IL – 6, IL – 10 and hemodynamic variables. In contrast, the surgery – induced increase in TNF – á levels in the Dex group was significantly higher compared with the control group.
Prediction of Whitefly Population and Infestation Based on Multitrophic Analysis between Competitor Pest, Plant Traits and Natural Enemy

Interaction among arthropods (insect-acarine) was investigated at all trophic levels in agro-ecosystem and affects the population dynamic and diversification of arthropod pests and intensity of natural enemy (parasitism) as well as stimulates the plant chemical defence. In the present study of two cropping periods, nutrient concentration and early infestation of plant-sucking pests are known to trigger different degrees of interactions (plant’s parameters) which potentially alert abundance and diversity of the insect pests. Clearer interaction and magnitude of impact could be assessed (multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and redundancy analysis (RDA)) and observed between arthropods (insect-acarine) community and plants’ parameters from the strongest to the lowest effects. The two factors could have affected the community of insect-pests with various degrees of pressure effect and interaction that occurred naturally, thus leading to the predictable abundance of insect-acarine populations under eggplant leaves in response to plant physical characteristics (e.g., size of leaves, number of leaves and plant height) and biochemical constituents (flavonoid, phenolic, peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanase). Based on multivariate analyses of multitrophic interaction, MANOVA and RDA have the potential to elucidate the complex interaction among plant performance, abundance of pests and activity chemical defence compounds. Both analyses interpreted similar interactions of measured parameters in different ways. Whitefly population in this study was predictable by aphids, thrips and total phenolic contents in eggplant. Eggplant has capable defence systems against insect-acarine pests after stimulation (pre-infestation). In relation to IPM strategy, early stages of plant growth are known as susceptible periods for pests attack but the plant becomes more tolerant during the fruiting stage.
Diagnóstico de Câncer de Mama Através de Vetores de Descritores Localmente Agregados

An approach to early detect such breast anomalies is the mammography image. However, complex image patterns and the different organization of the breast tissues requires skill and experience by a trained physician to avoid faults in the mammograms interpretation. The main goal of this work is reduces the number of faults associateds to exam. For this, we propose a feature extraction of texture using Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors. Initial tests have achieved promising results , the better values obtained with 600 samples of DDSM base are: 90.18 (accuracy), 91.83 (sensitivity) and 94.02 (specificity). Resumo. Uma abordagem para detectar precocemente anomalias na mama é a imagem de mamografia. No entanto, os padrões de imagem complexos e a diferente organização dos tecidos mamários requer habilidade e experiência de médicos treinados para evitar falhas na interpretação de mamografias. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é diminuir esse número de falhas associadas ao exame. Para isso, propomos uma extração de caracterı́sticas de textura usando Vetores de Descritores Localmente Agregados. Os testes iniciais alcançaram resultados promissores, os melhores valores obtidos com 600 amostras da base DDSM são: 90.18 (acurácia), 91.83 (sensibilidade) e 94.02 (especificidade).
Current Recommendations and Problems of Pneumococcal Vaccination for Patients with Chronic Renal Failure: A Review Article

Pneumonia is a common and serious infectious disease. Patients treated with dialysis have higher pulmonary infectious mortality rates than the general population. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is the most frequent cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults, and more than half of the cases of pathogen-causing pneumonia among dialysis patients are reported to be due to S. pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae also causes invasive infections such as meningitis, bacteremia, or bacteremic pneumonia and is therefore considered a serious threat to public health. For these reasons, pneumococcal vaccines have been developed since the 1970s, and two types of pneumococcal vaccines are currently available for clinical use: 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13).
De l’extraction des interactions médicament-médicament vers les interactions aliment-médicament à partir de textes biomédicaux: Adaptation de domaine (From the extraction of drug-drug interactions to the food-drug interactions in biomedical texts : domain adaptation)

Les interactions aliments-médicaments (FDI) se produisent lorsque des aliments et des médicaments sont pris simultanément et provoquent un effet inattendu. Nous considérons l’extraction de ces interactions dans les textes comme une tâche d’extraction de relation pouvant être résolue par des méthodes de classification. Toutefois, étant donné que ces interactions sont décrites de manière très fine, nous sommes confrontés au manque de données et au manque d’exemples par type de relation. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous proposons d’appliquer une adaptation de domaine à partir des interactions médicament-médicament (DDI) qui est une tâche similaire, afin d’établir une correspondance entre les types de relations et d’étiqueter les instances FDI selon les types DDI. Notre approche confirme une cohérence entre les 2 domaines et fournit une base pour la spécification des relations et la pré-annotation de nouvelles données. Les performances des modèles de classification appuie également l’efficacité de l’adaptation de domaine sur notre tâche.
Global output feedback control for nonlinear cascade systems with unknown output functions and unknown control directions

This paper investigates the output feedback control for the uncertain nonlinear system with the integral input‐to‐state stable (iISS) cascade subsystem, which allow not only the unknown control direction but also the unknown output function. The unknown output function only needs to have a generalized derivative (which may not be derivable), and the upper and lower bounds of the generalized derivative need not to be known. To deal with the challenge raised by the unknown output function and the unknown control direction, we choose a special Nussbaum function with a faster growth rate to ensure the integrability for the derivative of the selected Lyapunov function. Then, a dynamic output feedback controller is designed to drive the system states to the origin while keeping the boundedness for all other closed‐loop signals. Moreover, via some appropriate transformations, the proposed control scheme is extended to deal with more general uncertain nonlinear cascade systems with quantized input signals. Finally, two simulation examples are given to show the effectiveness of the control scheme.
Klinische Relevanz humaner Anti-Maus-Antikörper (HAMA) in der Immunszintigraphie

Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAb) are applied on a growing scale in radioimmunoscintigraphy (IS) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This increasing use of xenogeneic substances in rapidly growing numbers of patients raises questions of accuracy and reliability of the MAb and also the problem of potential human immunoreaction (human anti-mouse IgG antibodies – HAMA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of HAMA following IS regarding allergic complications and in vivo effects on IS after repeated applications of MAbs. Out of over 800 immunoscintigraphic examinations performed during the last 5 years in our department 289 studies (in 190 patients) with up to 10 applications (13 different MAbs all together) were considered. Only 1 patient with a high HAMA titer developed a mild allergic reaction (local urticaria) after the 3rd application of an anti-CEA MAb. In 171 intensively documented serum courses following IS, 50 (29%) showed elevated HAMA [1st application: 25/108 (23%); 2nd application: 20/41 (49%); 3rd application: 5/11 (45%); 4th – 10th application: no HAMA/11 (2 anti-CEA, 9 Antimyosin)]. Only with strongly increased HAMA values (five times the value before 1st application) there was an altered biodistribution of the MAbs in IS with partially inhibited (8/25 studies with repeated applications) tumor localization. Some patients still demonstrated positive tumor localization despite a HAMA reaction. The problem of HAMA in the diagnostic work-up using MAbs is not the allergic reaction but the potential effects on IS in repeated studies. HAMA should be measured prior to repeated immunoscintigraphic studies.
Keeping It Safe: Aging in Place Among Rural Older Adults

The purpose of the study addressed in this article was to identify ways to reduce risk and improve safe aging in place among rural older adults. Resident and Extension faculty and county educators visited study participants at home to assess functional capacity and the home environment. Extension professionals may be uniquely positioned to provide programming to help older adults age in place. Aging in place programming may help improve quality of life for older adults and their family members and caregivers.
Application of Nano High-Entropy Alloys to Reduce Energy Consumption and Wear of Copper Oxide and High-Grade Iron Ores in Heavy Mining Industries—A Case Study

Problems relating to the abrasion of equipment is one of the most important issues in mining and associated industries. Hardening is a method of protecting metal equipment, metal tools, or important components against erosion, corrosion, and abrasion. This can be achieved by welding a thin layer of abrasion-resistant metal onto the surface of the work piece. The useful life of a piece of equipment or parts can be significantly increased by applying abrasion-resistant coatings, thereby reducing repair or replacement costs associated with damaged parts. This process is inexpensive in the production of parts and is often economically justifiable. This study focuses on measuring the abrasion resistance of a nano high-entropy alloy against copper oxide and high-grade iron ores. When a base alloy was coated with the nano high-entropy alloy, the abrasion indexes of iron and copper ores decreased from 0.0001647 kg to 0.0000908 kg and from 0.0001472 kg to 0.0000803 kg, respectively. The standard deviation, repeatability, and reproducibility were calculated for the alloy steel blade covered with nano high entropy alloy (N-HEA), producing values of 0.00016, 0.00047, and 0.00040, respectively, while a standard alloy steel blade exhibited values of 0.0003, 0.00047, and 0.00042, respectively. High-entropy alloys and high-entropy nano-alloys have not been used as practical coatings in the mineral industry in any form to date. Utilizing high-entropy nano-alloys in this industry would introduce innovative alternatives for customers, thereby increasing competitive advantages and providing international markets and customers = with the most efficient choices of operational materials.