Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
El uso del método hedónico para ajustar los cambios de calidad: la experiencia del IPV

El Indice de Precios de Vivienda (IPV) elaborado por el INE mide trimestralmente, la evolucion de precios de vivienda en Espana. El IPV utiliza la informacion sobre transacciones efectivamente realizadas, y corrige el sesgo causado por los cambios en las caracteristicas de las viviendas adquiridas en cada trimestre. El objetivo de este documento es mostrar por que y como el IPV ajusta los cambios de calidad de las viviendas, asi como presentar metodos alternativos de ajuste empleados en otros paises de la UE. Ademas, se muestra y analiza la serie ajustada de indices desde el ano 2007.
The Impact Cratering Record on Triton

Impact craters on Triton are scarce owing to the relatively recent resurfacing by icy melts. The most heavily cratered surface has a crater density about the same as the lunar maria. The transition diameter from simple to complex craters occurs at a diameter of about 11 kilometers, and the depth-diameter relationship is similar to that of other icy satellites when gravity is taken into account. The crater size-frequency distribution has a differential -3 slope (cumulative -2 slope) and is the same as that for the fresh crater population on Miranda. The most heavily cratered region is on the leading hemisphere in Triton's orbit. Triton may have a leading-trailing asymmetry in its crater population. Based primarily on the similarity of size distributions on Triton and Miranda and the relatively young surface on Triton, the source of Triton's craters is probably comets. The very peculiar size distribution of sharp craters on the "cantaloupe" terrain and other evidence suggests they are volcanic explosion craters.
Properties of the Steiner Triple Systems of Order 19

Properties of the 11$\,$084$\,$874$\,$829 Steiner triple systems of order 19 are examined. In particular, there is exactly one 5-sparse, but no 6-sparse, STS(19); there is exactly one uniform STS(19); there are exactly two STS(19) with no almost parallel classes; all STS(19) have chromatic number 3; all have chromatic index 10, except for 4$\,$075 designs with chromatic index 11 and two with chromatic index 12; all are 3-resolvable; and there are exactly two 3-existentially closed STS(19).
Linguistic Harbingers of Betrayal : A Case Study of Online Strategy Games

Interpersonal relations are in constant flux; close friendships often dissolve into enmity. We examine linguistic cues augur transitions from friendly bonds into hostile relations through conversations from online strategy games. We look at betrayal from two perspectives in a classification framework: we characterize the difference between friendships that break and friendships that last, and we examine the temporal evolution of impending betrayal. Our study reveals linguistic cues of a fragile friendship. We show that subtle signs of an imminent betrayal are encoded in changes of conversational patterns, when at least one participant is unaware of the relationship’s fate. In particular, we find that lasting friendships exhibit a form of social symmetry that also manifests through language. Imbalances of certain attributes, such as positivity or argumentativeness, should be taken as warning signs.
Mechanisms of lateral-inhibitory feedback from horizontal cells to cone photoreceptors at the first synapse of the retina

1 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1: Anatomy of the retina 3 1.2: Cone photoreceptor anatomy & physiology 6 1.3: Synaptic terminals of photoreceptors 13 1.4: Horizontal Cell Anatomy & Physiology 17 1.5: Lateral inhibitory feedback from HCs to photoreceptors 20 1.6: Mechanisms of negative feedback from HCs to cones 25 i. The GABA Hypothesis 27 ii. The Ephaptic Hypothesis 29 iii. The pH Hypothesis 33 Chapter 2: Results 2.1: Introduction 38 2.2: Methods i. Preparation 40 ii. Electrophysiology 42 iii. Center-surround antagonistic stimulation 42 iv. Paired recordings 43 2.3 Results
A cross-sectional national questionnaire survey assessing the clinical attitudes of members of the British Menopause Society to the management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency

Objective To explore the current clinical attitudes of members of the British Menopause Society to the management of premature ovarian insufficiency. Design An electronic cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Setting Members of the British Menopause Society. Population All members of the British Menopause Society with a valid email address. Method Completion of an electronic survey. Main outcome measures Investigations and treatment options and preferences for the management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency. Results A total of 130 questionnaires were returned and analysed. The majority of responses were from Hospital Consultants (n = 55/130; 42.3%). A total of 53/124 (42.7%) clinicians routinely performed a bone density scan. A total of 73/130 (56.2%) clinicians would prescribe hormone replacement therapy in preference to combined ethinyl estradiol and progesterone (COC; 27/130, 20.8%). A total of 44/108 (40.7%) routinely prescribed oral estradiol in preference to transdermal administration (62/108, 57.4%). A total of 26/128 (20.3%) prescribed oral micronised progesterone, 31/128 (24.2%) oral progestogens, while 42/128 (32.8%) preferred the intra-uterine system. Fertility concerns remain an important aspect of care, with 33.9% (n = 39/115) of clinicians indicating that more than 50% of their patients had a concern regarding their fertility. Conclusion The majority of clinicians indicated a preference for hormone replacement therapy instead of the COC as their choice of hormone replacement in women with premature ovarian insufficiency. However, there was a significant variation in practices. This information can be useful in counselling women and in guiding clinical practitioners. The results highlight the need for further research to determine the optimal regimens for the management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency.
Anatomical correction of vaginal vault prolapse by uterosacral ligament fixation in women who also require a pubovaginal sling.

PURPOSE We describe the anatomical and functional outcome in patients who underwent vaginal vault fixation to the proximal uterosacral ligaments for the treatment of vault prolapse and who also required a concomitant pubovaginal sling for associated stress urinary incontinence as well as the repair of other sector defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the records of 33 patients who underwent such repairs between November 1998 and December 2001. Endopelvic fascial defects were described using the pelvic organ prolapse quantitative system (POPQ). Outcome measures included anatomical and functional assessment of pelvic floor defects and urinary incontinence. RESULTS Preoperatively all patients complained of a vaginal bulge and stress urinary incontinence, while 17 of the 33 had urge incontinence, and 24 and 9 had POPQ stage III or IV and stage II prolapse, respectively. Mean followup was 28 months (range 6 to 43). There was significant improvement in all POPQ measurements (p <0.05). Most notably vaginal cuff support improved by a mean of 7 cm. Stages IIAp (rectocele) and IIC (cuff) prolapse developed in 4 and 2 failed cases, respectively. Stress urinary incontinence was cured in all 33 patients and urge incontinence was cured in 14 of 17, while in 27 vaginal prolapse symptoms resolved and most had improved defecation dysfunction. No patients had urinary obstructive symptoms. There were no ureteral, bladder or rectal complications but 1 patient required blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS Suspension of the vaginal cuff to the proximal uterosacral ligaments with site specific repair of other associated endopelvic fascial defects provides excellent anatomical and functional correction of vault prolapse. Furthermore, a concomitant pubovaginal sling is a compatible repair for associated stress urinary incontinence. It did not compromise vaginal repair and prolapse repair did not jeopardize the outcome of the sling.
The Nuclear Transport Factor Karyopherin Binds Stoichiometrically to Ran-GTP and Inhibits the Ran GTPase Activating Protein (*)

The heterodimeric karyopherin functions in targeting a nuclear localization sequence (NLS)-containing protein to the nuclear pore complex followed by Ran-GTP and p10-mediated translocation of the NLS protein into the nucleoplasm. It was shown recently that Ran-GTP dissociated the karyopherin heterodimer and, in doing so, associated with karyopherin β (Rexach, M., and Blobel, G.(1995) Cell 83, 683-692). We show here, using all recombinant yeast proteins expressed in Escherichia coli, that karyopherin β binds to Ran-GTP and inhibits GTP hydrolysis stimulated by RanGAP (the Ran-specific GTPase activating protein). Inhibition of RanGAP-stimulated GTP hydrolysis by karyopherin β was dependent on karyopherin β concentration relative to Ran-GTP. Complete inhibition of RanGAP was observed at karyopherin β concentrations that were equimolar to Ran-GTP. In gel filtration experiments, we found Ran-GTP and karyopherin β to form a stoichiometric complex. Ran-GDP bound only weakly to karyopherin β. We propose that stoichiometric complex formation between karyopherin β and Ran-GTP renders Ran-GTP inaccessible to RanGAP.
Benefits of Short Interimplant Delays in Children Receiving Bilateral Cochlear Implants

Objectives: To examine speech perception skills in quiet and noise in children using bilateral cochlear implants and to assess the influence of duration of bilateral deafness and interimplant delay. Study Design: Prospective repeated measures. Setting: Tertiary academic referral center. Methods: Speech perception was assessed in 58 children with early-onset deafness; 51 received their first implant after less than 3 years of bilateral deafness and their second implant simultaneously or after a long (>2 yr) or short (6-12 mo) interimplant delay. Another seven children had longer periods of bilateral deafness (>3 yr) before the first implant and received their second after a long (>2 yr) interimplant delay. Mean (standard deviation) of bilateral implant use was 12.5 (7.9) months ranging from 6 to 36 months. Repeated measures in quiet were completed in three quiet and two noise (no spatial separation) conditions. In quiet, children listened with their right implant alone, left implant alone, and with both implants. In noise, children wore one implant in the experienced (or right for simultaneous group) ear and both implants. Results: Speech perception scores were poorer in noise than in quiet, but significant improvements were found when bilateral rather than unilateral implants were worn. Improvements were greatest for children who were implanted with a short duration of bilateral deafness and a limited interimplant interval. Conclusion: Benefits of bilateral implantation in the short term are clearest in children with limited delays between implantation.
Temperature Relations of an Endogenous Daily Rhythmicity in the Fiddler Crab, Uca

exhibited by the freshwater catfish, Ameiurus melas, in response to differences in illumination. Ecology, I1:703-12. SMITH, D. C. 1930. The effects of temperature changes upon the chromatophores of crustaceans. Biol. Bull., 58:193-201. SMITH, H. 1938. Receptive mechanism of background response in chromatic behavior of Crustacea. Proc. Roy. Soc. , London, B, 125: 249-63. STEPHENSON, E. M. 1932. Colour changes in Crustacea. Nature (London), 13o:931. 1934. Control of chromatophores in Leander serratus. Ibid., 133:912. SUMNER, F. B. , and KEYS, A. B. 1929. The effects of differences in the apparent source of illumination upon the shade assumed by a flat fish on a given background. Physiol. Zo0l. , 2:495-504. YOUNG, J. Z. 1935. The photoreceptors of the lamprey. Jour. Exper. Biol., 12:254-70.
Hepatitis B Vaccination Associated With Higher Female Than Male Mortality in Guinea-Bissau: An Observational Study

Objective: Studies from high mortality areas have suggested that diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis may be associated with an increase in the mortality of girls relative to boys. We therefore examined whether hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) was associated with sex-specific differences in mortality. Design: As part of a randomized trial of measles vaccine, a subcohort of 876 children was offered HBV at 7½, 9 and 10½ months of age. We examined whether this cohort differed in mortality rate and female-male mortality ratio compared with previous and subsequent birth cohort enrolled in the same trial. Setting: Four districts in Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau. Subjects: Six annual birth cohorts of 8906 children registered in the study area and followed from 1½ to 12 months of age between March 1995 and February 2001. Of these children, 6399 took part in a 2-dose measles vaccination trial; of those born between March 1996 and February 1997, 876 received HBV. Main Outcome Measures: (1) The mortality rate ratio (MR) between 7½ and 12 months and 1½ and 7½ months old children; (2) the female-male MR among trial children having received HBV plus measles vaccine or only measles vaccine. Results: In cohorts not receiving HBV, the MR for children 7½–12 and 1½-7½ months of age was 0.97 “95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.79–1.24”, whereas the MR was 1.62 (95% CI 1.09–2.41) in the cohort receiving HBV at 7½ months (test of homogeneity, P = 0.030). Among children enrolled in the measles vaccination trial, HBV-vaccinated children 7½–12 months of age had higher mortality than both prior and subsequent cohorts who had not received HBV (MR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.19–2.75), the difference being particularly strong for girls (MR=2.27; 95% CI 1.31–3.94). In the cohort who had received both HBV and measles vaccine, the female-male MR between 9 and 24 months of age was 2.20 (95% CI 1.07–4.54) compared with 0.96 (95% CI 0.70–1.32) in trial participants who had received measles vaccine only (test for homogeneity, P = 0.040). With longer follow-up, these tendencies remained the same. Conclusions: These comparisons suggested changes in the mortality pattern after the introduction of HBV, particularly for girls. Hence in areas with high mortality, HBV may affect girls’ and boys’ susceptibility to infections differently.
ℓ1 distributed networked controller design for networked systems

This paper considers the problem of finding the ℓ1 optimal networked controller for a networked system, where both plant and controller are interconnected systems interacting over a directed causal network. Adopting Youla parametrization, the optimal ℓ1 control problem is formulated. Results show that distributed input to output ℓ1 optimal control problem is a convex problem under certain conditions, provide a controller that is realizable on the given network and a network realization.
Monolithic Ka to Ku-Band All Balanced Sub-Harmonic Resistive MHEMT Mixer for Satellite Transponder

This letter presents the design and measured performance of a novel Ka to Ku-band all balanced sub-harmonic resistive mixer monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC). A new topology using 0.13 μm GaAs metamorphic high-electron mobility transistor (mHEMT) based mixing quad is implemented to reject mixing product spurious signals involving even order of radio frequency (RF). Measured performance shows more than 50 dB of isolation for the second harmonic of the local oscillator (LO) signal at the RF and intermediate frequency (IF) ports, which is better than earlier reported data for field-effect transistor (FET) based sub-harmonic resistive mixers to the best of the authors' knowledge. In-band mixing product spurious of ( -2RF, +8LO) is found 70 dBc down with reference to the desired IF level for -10 dBm of RF input power. Effects of coupling on the mixer performance are also discussed through various electromagnetic simulations and measured results. Mixer exhibits conversion loss of about 9.5 dB.
Residential Electricity Disaggregation : Identifying Appliance Usage Patterns

The complex modern day issues of energy and sustainability can be approached from several angles. Addressing such large scale issues requires not only large scale fixes, but also small scale solutions. One particularly interesting and promising area of small scale research involves residential energy use. In the United States, residential energy consumption represents 21% of total primary consumption, so reducing household energy use can make a big impact on a significant slice of consumption. One current obstacle in the way of energy reduction is that the average homeowner only sees the total electricity usage each month, and has no clear idea about which appliances are using how much energy or when. This lack of information makes it somewhat di cult for the homeowner to implement or quantify concrete energy-saving measures. Fortunately, knowledge of appliance-specific energy use has proven to e↵ectively increase user energy e ciency by up to 15%. The primary point of interest in this project, therefore, is to use machine
High Precision Digital Image Stabilizing System Using Optical Device

In this paper, we propose a high precision digital image stabilization system using optical device. The proposed system consists of three parts; motion sensing with gyro-sensors, detection of large motion using sub-sampled images and refinement of stabilization with sub-pixel accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid image stabilizer outperforms some conventional stabilization techniques.
Shape and Contour: The Points of Maximum Change are Least Useful for Recognition

Attneave hypothesized that recognition of a shape would be best if the eye was given those parts of the shape most different from a straight line, ie regions of maximum direction change (MAX points). Experiments are reported which show that MIN points—the points midway between MAX points—are actually better for shape recognition. But by far the best parts of the shape for recognition were found to be the regions intermediate between MAX points and MIN points. It is suggested that these regions are especially suitable for shape extrapolation and interpolation because they are evenly distributed.
Limits on lithospheric stress imposed by laboratory experiments

Laboratory measurements of rock strength provide limiting values of lithospheric stress, provided that one effective principal stress is known. Fracture strengths are too variable to be useful; however, rocks at shallow depth are probably fractured so that frictional strength may apply. A single linear friction law, termed Byerlee's law, holds for all materials except clays, to pressures of more than 1 GPa, to temperatures of 500°C, and over a wide range of strain rates. Byerlee's law, converted to maximum or minimum stress, is a good upper or lower bound to observed in situ stresses to 5 km, for pore pressure hydrostatic or subhydrostatic. Byerlee's law combined with the quartz or olivine flow law provides a maximum stress profile to about 25 or 50 km, respectively. For a temperature gradient of 15°K/km, stress will be close to zero at the surface and at 25 km (quartz) or 50 km (olivine) and reaches a maximum of 600 MPa (quartz) or 1100 MPa (olivine) for hydrostatic pore pressure. Some new permeability studies of crystalline rocks suggest that pore pressure will be low in the absence of a thick argillaceous cover.
Evaluation of the Schirmer tear test in clinically normal Turkish hunting dogs (Turkish Greyhound)

The aim of this stu dy was to de ter mi ne the nor mal va lu es for the Schir mer tear test (STT) in Tur kish Hun ting Dogs. This was per for med in or der to fa ci li ta te the di ag no sis of xer ophthal mia or ke ra to con junc ti vi tis sic ca (KCS), which is cha rac te ri zed by de fi cien cies in tear pro duc ti on and the re sul ting ab nor mal STT. Fif teen Tur kish Hun ting Dogs (8 fe ma le and 7 male) were used in this stu dy. The dogs rang ed from 6 months to 9 ye ars old (mean 3.6 +2.8) and the mean weight was 21.3 kg (13 to 27). The mean STT-1 and STT-2 va lu es were 17.1 +3.7 mm per mi nu te and 7.7 +2.8 mm per mi nu te, res pec ti ve ly. Neit her body weight nor age had a sta tis ti cal ly sig ni fi cant ef fect on the se va lu es. The re were sig ni fi cant dif fe ren ces in both STT-1 and STT-2 va lu es be tween fe ma les and ma les (p<0.05), as well as dai ly and wee kly fluc tu a ti ons for STT-1 and STT-2 va lu es (P<0.01, P<0.05, res pec ti ve ly). This stu dy has shown that the STT-1 and STT-2 va lu es in the Tur kish Hun ting Dogs are nor mal ly dis tri bu ted and are sig ni fi cant ly af fec ted by sex and by me a su re ment se quen ces.
The Shrewd Grasp of RNA Polymerase

In a paper in this week's issue, Nudler et al. (p. 211) define the basis of the interaction of DNA with RNA polymerase, the enzyme that synthesizes messenger RNA from DNA. Landick and Roberts describe in their Perspective exactly where that takes us in our ability to describe the transcription machinery and provide a comprehensive figure.
Phenotypic variability and craniofacial dysmorphology: increased shape variance in a mouse model for cleft lip

Cleft lip and palate (CL/P), as is true of many craniofacial malformations in humans, is etiologically complex and highly variable in expression. A/WySn mice are an intriguing model for human CL/P because they develop this dysmorphology with a variable expression pattern, incomplete penetrance and frequent unilateral expression on a homogeneous genetic background. The developmental basis for this variation in expression is unknown, but of great significance for understanding such expression patterns in humans. As a step towards this goal, this study used three‐dimensional geometric morphometric and novel high throughput morphometric techniques based on three‐dimensional computed microtomography of mouse embryos to analyze craniofacial shape variation during primary palate formation. Our analysis confirmed previous findings based on two‐dimensional analyses that the midface in A/WySn embryos, and the maxillary prominence in particular, is relatively reduced in size and appears to be developmentally delayed. In addition, we find that shape variance is increased in A/WySn embryos during primary palate formation compared to both C57BL/6J mice and the F1 crosses between these strains. If the reduction in midfacial growth caused by the Wnt9b hypomorphic mutation pushes A/WySn mice closer on average to the threshold for cleft lip formation, the elevated shape variance may explain why some, but not all, embryos develop the dysmorphology in a genetically homogeneous inbred line of mice.
Fracaso escolar y su vínculo con el maltrato entre alumnos: el aula como escenario de la vida afectiva

El valor que la narrativa proporciona al estudio de los procesos subjetivos relacionados con la violencia, nos permite observar a traves del analisis de un sujeto, lo universal en lo particular. En este texto se podran identificar la pluralidad de sentimientos y emociones que acompanan, y se constituyen en los elementos configuradores y articuladores del comportamiento disruptivo en el ambito escolar, de manera especial relacionados con la violencia entre iguales en las instituciones educativas. La historia de �Jose�, es una muestra significativa de un alumno, objeto de estas reflexiones, que expresa mediante sus narraciones, los aspectos simbolicos y afectivos que estan detras, o que subyacen en la determinacion de la toma de decisiones en problemas que derivados del maltrato, tienen como consecuencia situaciones relacionadas con el rendimiento, la desercion y, ocasionalmente el fracaso escolar, que fue este caso.