Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The su(Hw) Insulator Can Disrupt Enhancer-Promoter Interactions When Located More than 20 Kilobases Away from the Drosophila achaete-scute Complex

ABSTRACT Here we report that the su(Hw) insulator may not necessarily separate promoters from enhancers to allow inhibition of transcription by the su(Hw) protein. For this purpose we used the strains ofDrosophila melanogaster which carry inversion of the region containing the yellow gene and the achaete-scute complex (AS-C). Despite the reverse orientation of the region, the AS-C enhancers continue to activate achaete andscute gene expression. The su(Hw) insulator, located more than 20 kb away from the inversion, facilitates strong suppression ofachaete and scute gene expression, although is does not separate the promoters from the AS-C enhancers.
Duration of Exposure to Suboptimal Atmospheric Moisture Affects Nymphal Blacklegged Tick Survival

Abstract The biological processes affecting Ixodes scapularis Say survival are complex. Understanding these processes will be beneficial for predicting tick distribution and population dynamics. This research shows that the duration for which nymphal ticks are exposed to drying air is an important factor for their survival. Experimental analysis of variance results show that duration of exposure to dry air (duration) is as important as vapor pressure deficit (relative humidity) (duration, relative humidity, P < 0.0001). Ticks do not survive when exposed to dry air for long periods; however, the return of humid air within 4–8 h has as large a positive impact on tick survival, as does constant humid air. This experiment exposes nymphal ticks to conditions of suboptimal humidity for different durations and then returns them to saturated conditions that are more typical of daily relative humidity fluctuations experienced during summer in southern New England forests.
A Research on The Relationship of Web-Site Usability and Social Commerce

The informationization is recognized due to the expansion of the development of the Information Technology and internet utilization as the important means doing the growth momentum role of all industries today. This research analyze the relationship with the feature of the web usability and Social commerce. Therefore, this research tries to investigate the relationship about in which the characteristic of the website usability is connected through the confidence about the Social commerce site to the re-purchase. The result of looking into the effect that it reaches to the purchasing intention of the Social commerce user based on the web use factor and Social commerce site is designed and run and the web use factors can know to be the factor to consider importantly. The importance of the web use factor to has preferentially to be considered in being put through this research and building the confidence of the Social commerce user could be known. When running with the Social commerce site design, this is determined because it can become the useful standard.
Striatal connections of the parietal association cortices in rhesus monkeys

The corticostriatal connections of the parietal association cortices were examined by the autoradiographic technique in rhesus monkeys. The results show that the rostral portion of the superior parietal lobule projects predominantly to the dorsal portion of the putamen, whereas the caudal portion of the superior parietal lobule and the cortex of the upper bank of the intraparietal sulcus have connections with the caudate nucleus as well as with the dorsal portion of the putamen. The medial parietal convexity cortex projects strongly to the caudate nucleus, and has less extensive projections to the putamen. In contrast, the medial parietal cortex within the caudal portion of the cingulate sulcus projects predominantly to the dorsal portion of the putamen, and has only minor connections with the caudate nucleus. The rostral portion of the inferior parietal lobule projects mainly to the ventral sector of the putamen, and has only minor connections with the caudate nucleus. The middle portion of the inferior parietal lobule has sizable projections to both the putamen and the caudate nucleus. The caudal portion of the inferior parietal lobule as well as the lower bank of the intraparietal sulcus project predominantly to the caudate nucleus, and have relatively minor connections with the putamen. The cortex of the parietal opercular region also shows a specific pattern of corticostriatal projections. Whereas the rostral portion projects exclusively to the ventral sector of the putamen, the caudal portion has connections to the caudate nucleus as well. Thus, it seems that parietostriatal projections show a differential topographic distribution; within both the superior and the inferior parietal region, as one progresses from rostral to caudal, there is a corresponding shift in the predominance of projections from the putamen to the caudate nucleus. In addition, with regard to the projections to the putamen, the superior parietal lobule is related mainly to the dorsal portion, and the inferior parietal lobule to the ventral portion. The striatal projections of the cortex of the caudal portion of the cingulate gyrus (corresponding in part to the supplementary sensory area) and of the rostral parietal opercular region (corresponding in part to the second somatosensory area) are directed almost exclusively to the dorsal and ventral sectors of the putamen, respectively. This pattern resembles that of the primary somatosensory cortex. The results are discussed with regard to the overall architectonic organization of the posterior parietal region. Possible functional aspects of parietostriatal connectivity are considered in the light of physiological and behavioral studies. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Universities: a prime example of branding going wrong

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a call to action for universities to practice what they preach in developing and communicating differentiated brands.Design/methodology/approach – Reviews some recent literature on university branding and contrasts this with other industries.Findings – For the benefit not just of intending students, but also for the benefit of potential and existing staff as well as research clients and graduate employers, universities should develop meaningfully differentiated brands to communicate their strengths.Research limitations/implications – University brand managers should seek to clearly differentiate their offerings from the competition. Aspects of a university's brand attract students, staff, and industry seeking staff or consultancy.Originality/value – The large amounts of expenditure on university marketing would be more efficiently used if the principles of brand management taught within them were applied properly.
Linearly time-varying channel estimation for MIMO/OFDM systems using superimposed training

Channel estimation for multiple-input multiple-output/orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO/ OFDM) systems in linearly time-varying (LTV) wireless channels using superimposed training (ST) is considered. The LTV channel is modeled by truncated discrete Fourier bases. Based on this model, a two-step approach is adopted to estimate the LTV channel over multiple OFDM symbols. We also present a performance analysis of the channel estimation and derive a closed-form expression for the channel estimation variances. It is shown that the estimation variances, unlike that of the conventional ST-based schemes, approach to a fixed lower-bound as the training length increases, which is directly proportional to information-pilot power ratios. To further enhance the channel estimation performance with a limited pilot power, an interference cancellation procedure is introduced to iteratively mitigate the information sequence interference to channel estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms frequency-division multiplexed training schemes.
Hybrid, chemically passivated n-type silicon/PEDOT:PSS semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor solar cell

We describe a hybrid inorganic-organic solar cell, wherein the n-Si absorber interface is chemically passivated and electrically contacted by a conductive polymer, PEDOT:PSS. In this structure, which is completely fabricated from its components at room temperature, the Si is type-inverted at the hybrid interface with the polymer, thus effectively creating an SIS type solar cell without any significant insulating film. For moderately doped Si, the surface is strongly inverted and photogenerated current is being collected from the entire area of the solar cell. The good lateral conduction of minority carriers in the inversion layer helps to mitigate a major limitation of PEDOT:PSS, viz. its high sheet resistance.
Analiza instrumentów konkurencji w wybranych przedsiębiorstwach obszarów środkowowschodniej Polski

iteratura ekonomiczna [np. 2, 4, 6, 9,12] przedstawia wiele definicji terminu „konkurencja”, która jest ważnym elementem procesu rynkowego. Interesujący sposób widzenia tego zjawiska przedstawiają Kamerschen i wsp. [4], którzy określają konkurencję jako proces, z pomocą którego uczestnicy rynku, dążąc do realizacji swoich interesów, próbują przedstawić korzystniejszą od innych ofertę. Postępowanie uczestników rynku, czyli jego podmiotów, prowadzi do tworzenia się określonych mechanizmów konkurencji. Opierają się one na takim postępowaniu sprzedawców, którego celem jest wyróżnienie się na tle innych działających na rynku sprzedawców (czyli konkurentów) i uzyskanie w ten sposób akceptacji przez nabywców. Podstawą wyróżniania w określonym segmencie rynku powinny być określone instrumenty konkurencji. Mają one za zadanie wzmocnić sprzedającego, jak również zneutralizować przewagę negocjacyjną nabywców. Problematyka instrumentów (narzędzi) konkurencji jest zagadnieniem dosyć złożonym, wynikającym z dużej komplikacji zjawisk gospodarczych oraz szybkiego tempa ich zmian w przestrzeni i w czasie. Stosowane jeszcze w niedawnej przeszłości podstawowe instrumenty konkurencji, takie jak produkt, cena czy np. jakość świadczonych usług są modyfikowane i rozbudowywane. Tworzone są również nowe płaszczyzny konkurencji. Sztucki [11] stwierdza, że marketing strategiczny wymaga funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstwa według następującego układu: produkt, ludzie, proces, postęp (rozwój). Za ważny element formułowania marketing-mix uznaje konieczność dostosowania produktu, ceny, dystrybucji i promocji między innymi do właściwości samego przedsiębiorstwa (wybranych jego cech). Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba hierarchizacji celowo dobranych 12 instrumentów (narzędzi) konkurencyjności firm. Przy ich doborze przestrzegana była zasada, aby w miarę możliwości reprezentowały one większość aspektów funkcjonowania firmy w warunkach gospodarki rynkowej. Do szczegółowej analizy zbliżone do siebie narzędzia zostały połączone w 4 grupy. Kazimierz Łęczycki
Should Body Weight–Supported Treadmill Training and Robotic-Assistive Steppers for Locomotor Training Trot Back to the Starting Gate?

Body weight–supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and robotic-assisted step training (RAST) have not, so far, led to better outcomes than a comparable dose of progressive over-ground training (OGT) for disabled persons with stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, or cerebral palsy. The conceptual bases for these promising rehabilitation interventions had once seemed quite plausible, but the results of well-designed, randomized clinical trials have been disappointing. The authors reassess the underpinning concepts for BWSTT and RAST, which were derived from mammalian studies of treadmill-induced hind-limb stepping associated with central pattern generation after low thoracic spinal cord transection, as well as human studies of the triple crown icons of task-oriented locomotor training, massed practice, and activity-induced neuroplasticity. The authors retrospectively consider where theory and practice may have fallen short in the pilot studies that aimed to produce thoroughbred interventions. Based on these shortcomings, the authors move forward with recommendations for the future development of workhorse interventions for walking. In the absence of evidence for physical therapists to employ these strategies, however, BWSTT and RAST should not be provided routinely to disabled, vulnerable persons in place of OGT outside of a scientifically conducted efficacy trial.
The Impact of Product Liability Legislation on the Procurement of Pharmaceuticals within HPSS Trusts in Northern Ireland

In National Health Service (NHS) Trusts within N. Ireland, pharmacists are responsible for procuring medicinal products and other pharmaceutical products for administration to patients. Pharmaceutical care has previously been defined as the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life (Hepler & Strand, 1990). Pharmacy is involved in ensuring the quality of the medicines management systems from the initial purchasing and supply of a medicine through supporting good quality prescribing and dealing with errors to ensure continuity of care on discharge. Recent developments in clinical governance and risk management within the NHS have highlighted the significance of product liability legislation to pharmacists, as the legislation applies to pharmaceutical products. The introduction of clinical governance as a key component of the UK Government’s modernisation strategy provided, for the first time, a coherent framework for quality improvement in the NHS. Clinical governance was introduced in the NHS Executive (1998)
Customer Knowledge Acquisition in the Business Products Market

Examines how the business products‐marketing firm acquires knowledge about its customers. Objectives include identifying the most effective means by which organizations can acquire customer knowledge, and the specific kind of knowledge which firms should strive to possess about their customers in order to create value. Puts forward two key premisses regarding where customer knowledge acquisition efforts should lie, and what the results of these activities should be. Presents the results of an empirical study conducted in the telecommunications industry on this topic. Concludes by drawing managerial implications.
Is olanzapine better than haloperidol in resistant schizophrenia? A double-blind study in partial responders

INTRODUCTION : To compare the efficacy and safety of olanzapine and haloperidol in partial-responder paranoid schizophrenic patients. METHOD : In this multi-centre, double-blind study, 28 patients with DSM-IV paranoid schizophrenia were randomized to receive 14 weeks treatment with either olanzapine or haloperidol at flexible doses. The pre- and post-treatment assessment included the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), the CGI, the Simpson-Angus Rating Scale, and the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale. RESULTS : The two treatment groups showed similar improvement on the BPRS positive symptoms subscale, while the improvement of BPRS negative symptoms subscale was significant only in the olanzapine group (ANOVA with repeated measures, group effect: F=5.89, P =0.023). Only the olanzapine-treated patients experienced a significant improvement of negative symptoms as rated by the SANS (ANOVA with repeated measures, group effect: F=6.81, P =0.016). No significant differences were found between the two groups on the Simpson and Angus Rating Scale scores, but a significant difference was found in the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale scores: no patient in the olanzapine-treated group experienced akathisia, while a few patients in the haloperidol-treated group showed this side-effect, thus resulting in a significant group effect detected by the ANOVA (F=4.23, P =0.05). CONCLUSIONS : These preliminary results suggest that olanzapine is superior to haloperidol in the treatment of partial-responder paranoid schizophrenic patients, and also shows a better tolerability profile. Further investigations, including different diagnostic subgroups, are still needed to further clarify the clinical profile of olanzapine. (Int J Psych Clin Pract 2002; 6: 107-111)
Elevations in core and muscle temperature impairs repeated sprint performance.

AIM The present study investigated the effects of hyperthermia on intermittent exercise and repeated sprint performance. METHODS Seven men completed 40 min of intermittent cycling comprising of 15 s exercise (306 +/- 22 W) and 15 s rest periods (0 W) followed by 5 x 15 s maximal sprints on a cycle ergometer in normal (approximately 20 degrees C, control) and hot (40 degrees C, hyperthermia) environments. RESULTS Completion of the intermittent protocol in the heat elevated core and muscle temperatures (39.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C; 40.2 +/- 0.4 degrees C), heart rate (178 +/- 11 beats min(-1)), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (18 +/- 1) and noradrenaline (38.9 +/- 13.2 micromol l(-1)) (all P < 0.05). During the first sprint (n = 6), both peak and mean power output were similar across the environmental conditions. However, mean power over the last four sprints declined to a larger extent during hyperthermia compared with the control trial (P < 0.05). Consequently, average mean power output during the five sprints was lower in hyperthermia (558.0 +/- 146.9 W) compared with control (617.5 +/- 122.6 W; P < 0.05). Power output during the repeated sprints was reduced by hyperthermia despite an elevated muscle temperature that should promote sprint performance. Venous plasma potassium concentrations (H; 5.3 +/- 0.8 mmol l(-1) vs. C; 6.3 +/- 1.0 mmol l(-1), P = 0.06) and muscle lactate levels (H; 76.6 +/- 24.3 mmol kg(-1) dry weight vs. C; 108.8 +/- 20.1 mmol kg(-1) dry weight) were lower following the hyperthermic sprints compared to control. CONCLUSION Although an elevated muscle temperature is expected to promote sprint performance, power output during the repeated sprints was reduced by hyperthermia. The impaired performance does not seem to relate to the accumulation of recognized metabolic fatigue agents and we, therefore, suggest that it may relate to the influence of high core temperature on the function of the central nervous system.
Possibilities and Limitations in the Biomechanical Analysis of Countermovement Jumps: A Methodological Study

Possibilities and limitations in the biomechanical analysis of countermovement jump performance were examined using force plate data. Four male and 4 female sport students participated in the study. Software designed to test jumping performance was used to evaluate recordings from a force plate and to compute net velocity and net displacement measures for the center of gravity. In parallel, a film analysis incorporating Dempster's center of gravity model was used for a comparison. Validity of the computed kinetic measures was evaluated with a general analysis of the major error sources including the data acquisition and numerical computations. Numerical integration procedures were found to be a reasonable tool for calculating net velocity and net displacement parameters for a more detailed analysis of athletic jumping performance. On the other hand, it appeared that Dempster-like center of gravity models can cause errors that disqualify their use as validation criteria for kinetic parameters.
Organising resources for rural tourism development: the importance of leadership, planning and technical assistance.

Developing a local tourism industry presents a viable option for residents of rural communities that can allow them to maintain or enhance their general quality of life. Capitalising on the unique opportunity that tourism affords will only be possible if a rural community has the necessary leadership, is effective in its planning efforts, and can access technical assistance to supplement local resources, knowledge and expertise. Although leadership models and theories of how to involve the public in planning for tourism are fairly common, still lacking are applied examples of how broad community involvement in the tourism planning process results in increased support for tourism development and longer term success. This article examines the role of leadership, planning, and technical assistance in the early stages of tourism development and provides examples of how addressing these critical elements aids communities in moving towards more sustainable, and thus more successful, tourism development.
You are a manager: should you be a leader?

In this article the author will examine the two important and distinct roles of both manager and leader. Often, out of necessity, these two roles are performed by the same individual, but this however, is not always ideal or practical. Therefore, as a manager, it is vital to recognise the focus of your role and to support and develop those staff within your department who can and are already fulfilling their leadership potential. This article will start by demonstrating the differences between a leader and a manager. Change management will be discussed before finishing with how the manager can support and develop their own staff to become successful leaders, thereby allowing the manager to concentrate upon the vital job of managing.
Gender-attributable differences in outcome of ankylosing spondylitis: long-term results from the Outcome in Ankylosing Spondylitis International Study.

OBJECTIVES To investigate gender-attributable differences regarding clinical outcome [disease activity, physical function and quality of life (QoL)] and radiographic damage in patients with AS over time. METHODS Data from the Outcome in AS International Study were used. Disease activity was assessed by the BASDAI, ASDAS and CRP; physical function by BASFI; QoL by the Short Form-36, Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) score and European Quality Of Life scale; and radiographic damage by the modified Stoke AS Spine Score (mSASSS). Cross-sectional comparative analyses were done at baseline. Next, separate models were created to assess gender-attributable differences on each outcome measure over time using time-adjusted generalized estimating equations. RESULTS A total of 216 patients [154 (72.3%) males, mean age 43.6 years (s.d. 12.7), symptom duration 20.5 years (s.d. 11.8), mean follow-up duration 8.3 years (s.d. 4.1)] were included. At baseline, male compared with female patients had lower self-reported disease activity (BASDAI 3.2 vs 3.9, P = 0.03) but more radiographic damage (mSASSS 13.8 vs 6.5, P = 0.02). No significant gender-attributable differences in other clinical parameters were found. In multivariable analysis, male gender was significantly associated with a better ASQoL (B = -1.18, 95% CI: -2.17, -0.20, P = 0.02), and in a separate model with a higher mSASSS over time (B = 8.24, 95% CI: 4.38, 12.09, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION In this prospective cohort study, no gender-attributable differences in disease activity or physical function over time were found. However, radiographic damage was more severe in males. Furthermore, males had a better QoL over time.