Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viability of bacteria from different aquatic habitats. I. Environmental conditions and productivity

Various freshwater, estuarine and coastal stations of the Southern Baltic Sea were com- paratively studied to evaluate pelagic bacterial performance. Inner coastal waters (so-called bodden or lagoons) are highly productive systems and dominate the coast of the Southern Baltic Sea. Due to high nutrient loads up to the 1990s in combination with an enhanced primary production, increased amounts of particulate (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) accumulated in these waters. In the Dars-Zingst bodden chain, POC < 16 and DOC < 13 mg C l -1 , and C:N ratios of 9 to 11 in partic- ulate matter were measured in winter and spring samples. Due to high POC concentrations, the aver- age ratio of DOC:POC was 1.1:1, which is very low compared to other aquatic systems. Bacterial abundance and activities were rather high and reached 24 × 10 6 ml -1 and 18 µg C l -1 h -1 , respectively. Although 2 of the 3 investigated freshwater systems were classified as eutrophic, the highest mea- sured POC concentrations, bacterial abundance and production were much lower (1.6 mg C l -1 , 11 × 10 6 bacteria ml -1 , 4.4 µg C l -1 h -1 ) than in the bodden. In contrast to that, the DOC load was as high as in these inner coastal waters (<12 mg C l -1 ). The coastal stations of the Baltic Sea, classified as mesotrophic, were not severely loaded with organic matter and bacteria (POC < 0.8, DOC < 5.5 mg C l -1 , bacteria < 3 × 10 6 ml -1 ). Bacterial production again was lower than at all other stations; however, levels did reach an exceptional 4.6 µg C l -1 h -1 , which is comparable to values of the freshwater systems. Compared to the other investigated marine and freshwater systems, the bodden were heavily loaded with organic matter, especially particulate organic matter (POM). The origin of this material is assumed to be mainly autochthonous as it is known not to be transported by rivers into these estuaries. Although dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were high at least in winter, POM was of poor quality; this was reflected by high C:N ratios and a low contribution of phytoplankton carbon to POC. However, this is particularly surprising, because nitrogen should be readily available at all bodden sites by resuspension from the sediment caused by frequent winds in these very shallow systems of <2 m depth.
Investment Decisions and Normalization with Incomplete Markets: A Pitfall in Aggregating Shareholders' Preferences

Profit maximization is not a well defined objective when markets are incomplete. Several criteria of investment choice have therefore been put forward in the literature, some of which crucially hinge upon aggregation of shareholders' preferences, as is the case with the criteria proposed by Dreze (1974) and Grossman and Hart (1979). This note shows that these criteria are normalization dependent, i.e., their outcome depends on the good chosen to express individuals' marginal rates of substitution.
The Effect of Fluctuations in Climate Parameters on Wheat Market

The great dependency of agricultural sector on climate conditions and high attribution of this sector to the economy of developing countries shows the importance of agricultural sector and its impressions from climate change phenomenon. One of the important questions that occur in mind is the effect of fluctuations in climate parameters on market of agriculture sector products. Since production in agriculture sector is important because of food provision of society members, studies in this field are so important for policy making and planning aspects. This issue is more important in countries and regions in more vulnerability of climate changes. Therefore, dry and semi-dry climates of Iran and Khorasan Razavi province were mentioned to study the production and demand for strategic product, wheat, by consideration of climate changes condition. To reach this goal, first an index to study climate parameters fluctuations was designed and calculated. Then, wheat economic model was made by aim of reaching balanced price by making supply and demand sides. The demand and supply functions were estimated as panel data for 30 provinces of country in 2005-2015 in Stata software. Then, optimization model was made in GAMS software to reach product equilibrium in the studied region. Results of calculations displayed that permanent risks have a negative and significant effect on product and wheat balanced price in Khorasan Razavi province whose price was obtained 12863 Rial in 2015. It is suggested to policy makers and planners to use simulation of various parts of the model and the obtained results from scenario for prediction in order to select the adapted policies with climate changes or reduce negative effects of this phenomenon in regions such as studied region. Keywords: Price, Permanent risk, Recurrent risk, Partial equilibrium.
Shading effects in the IU characteristic of a mono-crystalline PV module

This work deals with the impact of the shading on the efficiency of the photovoltaic modules. Including the shading the efficiency of the photovoltaic modules is also influenced by the solar radiation, the temperature and the position. Often, the PV modules get shadowed, partially or completely, by the passing clouds, the adjacent buildings or by the trees, etc. The situation is of a particular interest in a case of the large PV power plants. In the case of the shading the characteristics of the PV module are more complex with the several peak values. Under such conditions, it is very difficult to determine the maximum power point (MPP). In this work the shading of the solar photovoltaic module is evaluated. The solar cells were sequentially and parallel shadowed, according to the bridging diode. The results presented show that the decrease in power of the photovoltaic module is not proportional to the shaded area.
Intra-urban nocturnal temperature differences: a multivariate approach

The possibility of predicting nocturnal intra-urban air temperature differences on the basis of meteorological data from climatic stations was analysed. Three years of r eco rd~ng at an urban canyon and a nearby open area in the city of Goteborg, Sweden, formed the basis of the analyses. The urban canyon-urban open area temperature differences (AT,.,) were best estimated when the data was first classified with reference to the amount of cloud cover and then fitted to a non-linear regression equation which included the wlnd speed at the urban open area (10 m level) The study shows that the degree of intra-urban temperature vanations can be predicted using a fairly simple methodology. The methodology and the general pattern of the model could be helpful as a complementary tool in urban land use planning for cities with a structure similar to Goteborg K E Y WORDSCity climate . Urban canyon . Air tempera ture . Street geometry Applled climatology Urban planmng
Study on Eco-Friendly Concrete Blocks without Cement and Curing

Cement is the binding agent in concrete and mortar and thus becomes an important construction material. Because of its important and varied use in the rapidly growing construction industry and also its consumption trends in the world makes the production of cement very high. Manufacturing of cement is an energy intensive process and releases approximately equal amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which affects the earth’s ecosystem. More efforts are being undertaken to conserve energy by means of usage of industrial wastes or by-products, such as fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag, rice husk ash, etc., containing amorphous silica in its chemical composition, as mineral admixture for partial replacement of cement. Since the cement industry is one of the prime producers of carbon dioxide, creating up to 7% of worldwide man made emissions of this gas, it is necessary to find out complete replacement of cement in construction industry. Geopolymer binder is an innovative construction material and a real eco friendly alternative to conventional cement. Geopolymer binder is a combination of alumina silicate as base material in alkaline solution. The alumina silicate is available in natural minerals as well as industrial by-products. Sodium or potassium silicate and hydroxide mixture forms the alkaline solution. The use of geopolymer binder in concrete can be a great alternative to cement in the construction industry, which will result in saving of energy, environmental protection and conversation of resources. An attempt is made to develop the geopolymer concrete in Oman using low calcium fly ash obtained from India. This investigation consists of three studies. In the first study, development of mix proportions of various grades of geopolymer concrete such as C25, C30 and C40. The mix proportion of geopolymer of various grades obtained based on the mix proportions given in ACI code with hundred percent replacement of cement by fly ash. The compressive strength of geopolymer concrete is achieved by adjusting the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the alkaline solution. The strength of geopolymer concrete is achieved in 24 hours after casting of specimens by heat curing. The results obtained are encouraging and similar to the corresponding strength of cement concrete. In the second study, the developed geopolymer concrete of C25 grade is used to cast the solid block of size 200×200×400mm. In the third study, a beam i.e. prism of size 100x100x500mm with two point loading study was done. The strength properties of the block and the beam are comparable with the strength values of conventional concrete of corresponding grade. Hence, the geopolymer technology can be effectively used in the construction industry in terms of saving energy consumption and resources and ultimately to save the ecosystem of earth.
Normal mode coupling due to hemispherical anisotropic structure in Earth's inner core

SUMMARY We present illustrative calculations of the effect of hemispherical variation in inner core anisotropy on Earth’s normal modes of oscillation. Body wave studies show that the anisotropy in the inner core is not simple cylindrical anisotropy, which is often portrayed in models derived from normal mode data, but varies with longitude. ‘Hemispherical’ or odd degree, structure has to be studied by cross-coupling normal modes, as the self-coupling technique is sensitive only to even degree Earth structure. A completely general definition of inner core anisotropy would require a prohibitive number of degrees of freedom; however, we show that any existing cylindrical anisotropy model can be confined to only one part of the inner core. Using our new theory, we find that hemispherical anisotropy causes significant changes in the frequency and quality factor of several inner core sensitive normal modes. The effect of hemispherical inner core anisotropy can also be seen in synthetic seismograms. Radial, PKIKP and PKJKP modes all respond to the presence of hemispherical variation in inner core anisotropy. If the variations in inner core anisotropy seen in body wave data are part of a gross, large-scale pattern, then this structure should also affect normal mode data on an observable scale.
Uso de terapia regenerativa com células-tronco da medula óssea em doenças cardiovasculares - perspectiva do hematologista Regenerative therapy using bone marrow stem cells in cardiovascular diseases - The perspective of the hematologist

O desenvolvimento de tecnicas de transplante de orgaos solidos e de medula ossea foi um dos mais fascinantes avancos da medicina no seculo XX. A virada do seculo XXI testemunha um desdobramento tambem fascinante e promissor desta modalidade terapeutica: o uso de celulas-tronco para regenerar tecidos lesados outrora considerados irreparaveis. Resultados encorajadores de inumeros estudos com animais de experimentacao impulsionaram grupos de diversos centros no mundo a iniciar estudos clinicos com transplante de celulas-tronco em varias doencas, particularmente as doencas cardiovasculares e neurologicas. Embora ainda estejamos algo distante de entender o mecanismo preciso pelo qual as celulas-tronco regeneram orgaos lesados, os estudos publicados ate o presente momento, incluindo varios estudos envolvendo seres humanos, sugerem haver um beneficio real com esta terapia. O presente artigo pretende abordar os aspectos relevantes da terapia celular em doencas cardiovasculares, incluindo conceitos basicos sobre celulas-tronco, e os principais estudos de animais de experimentacao e clinicos publicados ate o presente.
Feature Selection Based Spectrum Decision Making For Cognitive Radio Networks

The growing success of new wireless applications and services has led to overcrowded licensed bands. Cognitive radio networks have been proposed as a solution to both spectrum inefficiency and spectrum scarcity problems by improving the utilization of limited radio resources. Cognitive radio networks are intelligent networks that can automatically sense the environment and adapt the communication parameters accordingly. These types of networks have applications in dynamic spectrum access, co- existence of different wireless networks, interference management etc. A spectrum decision framework is proposed to determine a set of spectrum bands by considering the application requirements as well as the dynamic nature of the spectrum bands. The use of cyclic feature based methods for distributed signal detection and classification is discussed and recent results are presented. Moreover, a dynamic resource management scheme is developed to coordinate the spectrum decision adaptively dependent on the time- varying cognitive radio network capacity. Simulation results can be obtained by using NS2 which shows that the proposed method provide efficient bandwidth utilization while satisfying service requirements.
The illusion of New Public Management? An analysis of performance-based budgeting in the public sector

The present research wishes to adopt a pragmatic constructivist approach in order to understand and explain the functionality of private- inspired reforms in the public sector. In particular, the research investigates the introduction and implementation of a relevant but challenging managerial reform, performance- based budgeting (PBB), become widespread in the public sector worldwide.
Balancing the Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of Social Network Analysis to Study Complex Social Systems

Social Network Analysis (SNA) can be used to investigate complex social systems. SNA is typically applied as a quantitative method, which has important limitations. First, quantitative methods are capable of capturing the form of relationships (e.g. strength and frequency), but they are less suitable for capturing the content of relationships (e.g. interests and motivations). Second, while complex social systems are highly dynamic, the representations that SNA creates of such systems are often static. These limitations can be overcome by balancing a quantita- tive approach to SNA with a qualitative approach. In the article two different approaches that seek this balance are demonstrated. The illustrations show that in this combination quantitative SNA is most useful for revealing system-level patterns, but that a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that produce these patterns is more easily achieved through the interpretation of qualitative data.
Nonadiabatic molecular orientation by polarization-gated ultrashort laser pulses

We show that the nonadiabatic orientation of diatomic polar molecules can be controlled by polarization-gated ultrashort laser pulses. By finely adjusting the time interval between two circularly polarized pulses of different wavelengths but the same helicity, the orientation direction of the molecules can be twirled. A cloverlike potential is created by using two circularly polarized laser pulses of different wavelengths and opposite helicity, leading to multidirectional molecular orientation along the potential wells, which can be well revealed by a high-order statistics metric of >.
Research on a Component Testing Tool Supporting Data Integrity Verification

Component-based software development has become a mainstream paradigm of software development due to its good packaging and hiding characteristics. However, it is difficult for testers to test components using traditional software testing techniques. Besides, whether the stored components and codes are maliciously modified or deleted by hackers or other personnel have become a problem faced by component reuse. Using the data integrity verification mechanism, the paper first analyzes the requirements for both component testing tools and component data integrity verification. Then the architecture design of component testing tools is conducted to propose an algorithm for data integrity verification. Finally, a component testing tool that supports data integrity verification is finally obtained using the algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves good performance while avoiding replacement attacks and privacy attacks.
Inhibitory effect of Anacyclus pyrethrum extract on acetylcholinesterase enzyme by invitro methods

Abstract The present study was conducted to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects of Anacyclus pyrethrum. The hexane, chloroform and ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum were tested for their invitro anticholinesterase inhibitory effect by spectrophotometeric and by TLC bioassay method. The result revealed that ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum showed better anticholinesterase inhibition compared to other extracts. The most active one was found to be ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum having IC50, value at 70±1.52 μg/ml. Hexane extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum has not shown any anticholinesterase inhibitory effect. Chloroform extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum was found to have IC50 value at 150±3.68 μg/ml and rivagistmine was found to have IC50 value to be 350±5.95 μg/ml. TLC bioassay is an easier and rapid means for detection of enzyme inhibition. The hexane, chloroform and ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum were tested for their anticholinesterase inhibition by TLC bioassay TLC bioassay is an easier and rapid means for detection of enzyme inhibition. The active spots appeared as white spots on yellow background. Ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum showed more than one active spots compared to other extracts. The TLC assay also demonstrated AchE inhibitory activity for ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum.
Food intake, body reserves and reproductive success of barnacle geese Branta leucopsis staging in different habitats

This paper concerns the effect of habitat choice on the dynamics of deposition of body reserves in spring-staging barnacle geese Branta leucopsis. On their way to breeding areas in Spitsbergen, these geese reside for several weeks on islands off the coast of Helgeland, Norway. They use three distinct habitat types: (1) managed islands, which are covered by Hay meadows fringed by salt marsh vegetation and where grazing by livestock occurs; (2) abandoned islands, where in the absence of people the vegetation on the upper parts of the islands has developed towards communities dominated by tall herbs; and (3) agricultural islands, where pastures are the mainstay for the geese. In each of these habitats data were collected on intake and digestibility of food components. Habitat-mediated differences in the birds' foraging performance resulted in large variation in the accumulation rate of fat and protein reserves. Total body reserves deposited by birds on abandoned islands were 11% less than reserves deposited by birds in a managed habitat. Geese on agricultural islands deposited much larger fat reserves than birds in the other habitats, whereas their protein reserves were smaller. Fat deposition rates in the three habitats were related to different levels of digestibility and ingestion rate of the food. The probability of raising offspring through to autumn was positively related to the fat scores that individuals had achieved by the end of the staging period. However, this was not the case for geese staging in agricultural habitat, possibly because the small amounts of protein accumulated may have prevented the development of a sufficiently strong muscle system. Creating reserves on agricultural land to accommodate geese in spring may therefore have negative consequences on the birds' reproductive performance.
The Misleading Acceleration of the Universe, the Galactic Potential Well and the Duration of the Universal Expansion

It is shown that galaxies close to galactic sheets are attracted towards them with an approximate Hooke’s law force. Thus, as they get closer to the sheets, the more their velocities increase, and the more the magnitude of their accelerations decrease. Therefore, the so-called acceleration of the Universe is completely misleading. It is concluded that galaxies are subject to potential wells close to voids walls. It is suggested that the Universe is a new kind of amorphous solid. For the first time it is estimated that the universal expansion is of the order of one trillion years.
Klein tunnelling model of low energy electron field emission from single-layer graphene sheet

By considering the effect of Klein tunneling for low energy electrons with linear energy dispersion, a model has been constructed to calculate the amount of emitted line current density from a single-layer graphene sheet, which is vertically aligned inside a dc gap. It is found that the current-voltage scaling obtained from the constructed Klein tunneling model is very different from the traditional field emission model based on the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) law. Under the same geometrical field enhancement factor, our model predicts a much higher emitted current as compared to the FN law at low voltages.
Estimating a Demand System with Choke Prices

We present a new, information-theoretic approach for estimating a system of many demand equations where the unobserved reservation or choke prices vary across consumers. We illustrate this method by estimating a nonlinear, almost ideal demand system (AIDS) for four types of meat using cross-sectional data from Mexico, where most households did not buy at least one type of meat during the survey week. The system of de­mand curves vary across demo­graphic groups.
The Embedded Ring-like Feature and Star Formation Activities in G35.673-00.847

We present a multiwavelength study to probe the star formation (SF) process in the molecular cloud linked with the G35.673-00.847 site (hereafter MCG35.6), which is traced in a velocity range of 53–62 km s−1. Multiwavelength images reveal a semi-ring-like feature (associated with ionized gas emission) and an embedded face-on ring-like feature (without the NVSS 1.4 GHz radio emission, where 1σ ∼ 0.45 mJy beam−1) in MCG35.6. The semi-ring-like feature is originated by the ionizing feedback from a star with spectral type B0.5V–B0V. The central region of the ring-like feature does not contain detectable ionized gas emission, indicating that the ring-like feature is unlikely to be produced by the ionizing feedback from a massive star. Several embedded Herschel clumps and young stellar objects (YSOs) are identified in MCG35.6, tracing the ongoing SF activities within the cloud. The polarization information from the Planck and GPIPS data trace the plane-of-sky magnetic field, which is oriented parallel to the major axis of the ring-like feature. At least five clumps (having Mclump ∼ 740–1420 M⊙) seem to be distributed in an almost regularly spaced manner along the ring-like feature and contain noticeable YSOs. Based on the analysis of the polarization and molecular line data, three subregions containing the clumps are found to be magnetically supercritical in the ring-like feature. Altogether, the existence of the ring-like feature and the SF activities on its edges can be explained by the magnetic field mediated process as simulated by Li & Nakamura.