Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The review of related literature in research

An essential aspect of scientific research is the literature review. It is so important that without it, research is incomplete. The review of related literature section in proposals and research support reviews literature that is related to the problem of the inquiry, covers the knowledge related to the theoretical, methodological and practival dimensions of the inquiry and to critique and relate the relevant literature to the current problem being investigated. The paper examines seven objects of the review of related literature in research, the sources of information for the literature review, the theoretival/conceptual framework, common deficiencies made in the literature review and offers some advice on the writing of the literature review
A Study of the Evaporation of Small Drops and of the Relationship between Surface Tension and Curvature

The rates of evaporation of n‐dibutyl phthalate droplets ranging from 3μ to 0. 5μ in radius were measured in a Hoag type of Millikan's oil‐drop apparatus under different conditions of vapor pressures. The data obtained are interpreted in two ways. One interpretation is based on an equation derived from Fourier's equation of diffusion; the results thus obtained show that the surface tensions of the droplets decrease with increasing curvature. The other is based on an equation derived on the basis of an assumption of a vapor film surrounding the evaporating droplet; the results obtained here lead to the validation of Lord Kelvin's equation. An explanation is also given for the abnormally high values of surface tension obtained by Woodland and Mack.
Nine new open clusters within 500 pc from the Sun

One of the results of the Milky Way Star Clusters (MWSC) survey by Kharchenko et al. (2013) was the detection of a slight under-density of old (ca. 1 Gyr) clusters within the nearest kilo-parsec from the Sun. This under-density may be due to an ineffectiveness in the detection of larger structures with lower surface brightness. We report on our attempts to reveal such clusters. We derived proper motions from a combination of Tycho-2 with URAT1, and obtained a mean precision of about 1.4 mas/y per co-ordinate for 1.3 million stars north of -20 degree declination. We cut the sky into narrow proper motion slices and searched for spatial over-densities of stars in each slice. In optical and near-infrared colour-magnitude diagrams stars from over-densities were than examined to determine if they are compatible with isochrones of a cluster. We estimated the field star contamination using our data and the Besancon Galactic model.We detected 9 hitherto unknown open clusters in the vicinity of the Sun with ages between 70 Myr and 1 Gyr, and distances between 200 and 500 pc.
Interpretive Error in Psychological Testing.

When evaluating the utility of a psychological test for clinical decision making, both the psychometric properties of the test (i.e., the reliability and validity of the instrument) and the ambiguity of the language by which test results are interpreted or communicated need to be considered. Although each has been studied independently, to date the two have not been related. This paper discusses each of these sources of "interpretive error" with the goal being the development of a model that could systematically relate these two sources of error to the process and outcome of test interpretation. In an example using this new model together with optimistic good-hearted assumptions favorable to tests, it was found that the effect of ambiguity was to more than double the probability that those who test positive will be incorrectly classified. It is suggested that the practice of using non-numeric statements of likelihood be stopped. Instead, results of tests should be presented in tabular form with one row for each diagnostic category. Examples of these tables are provided. It is further noted that there is a significant professional need to move toward empirically supported expertise in test interpretation. Contains 24 references. (Author/MKA) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Tests and fuzzy language 1 Interpretive Error in Psychological Testing Thomas J. Hummel University of Minnesota James W. Lichtenberg University of Kansas Paper presented as part of a symposium on "Research and Clinical Issues in Test Interpretation" (S. Jenkins, Chair) at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, April 20, 1999, Montreal, CANADA. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educahonal Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 0 Thm document has been reproduced as (\I received from the person or organization originating rt. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. C\1 Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OE RI posaion or pohcy. 2 6E51 COPY AVAILABLE -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY --\C \-K-(\(\V.(= TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). " CG Tests and fuzzy language 2
Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Review on Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is characterized by abnormal collagen deposition. It is a precancerous disorder and transforms into a malignant tumor in 1.5–15% of all cases. Symptoms include submucous fibrosis, ulceration, xerostomia, a burning sensation, and restricted mouth opening. All of these greatly interfere with patient quality of life. The present review introduces OSF from a molecular perspective and summarizes what is known about its underlying mechanisms, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic interventions. In addition to the aggressive treatment of OSF, its prevention is also important. Future research should, therefore, focus on improving the oral health literacy of the patients susceptible to OSF.
Preparation and characterization of kaolinite nanostructures: reaction pathways, morphology and structural order

Abstract Clay-based nanostructures were prepared from kaolinites of varying structural order by two different methods. In the first method the kaolinite-urea precursor, obtained by dry grinding, was intercalated further with triethanolamine and the tetraalkylammonium salt was synthesized in the interlamellar space. Exfoliation was achieved by the use of sodium polyacrylate (PAS). In the second method, the kaolinite-potassium acetate (kaolinite-KAc) precursor, obtained via two different methods, was intercalated further with ethylene glycol (EG) and then n-hexylamine (HA). Intercalation with EG was also achieved by heating either directly or with microwaves. The morphology that results depends on the method of precursor preparation, the method of heat treatment and the degree of structural order of the original clay. Higher structural order facilitates the formation of a tubular morphology, while mechanical treatment and microwave agitation may result in broken tubes. Molecular mechanical (MM) calculations showed that organo-complexes may be exfoliated to a d value of 10-11 Å.
Geometry of affine time-frequency distributions

Abstract Bertrands' bilinear affine time-frequency distributions are considered from the point of view of their geometry in the time-frequency plane. General construction rules are established for interference terms, with further interpretations in terms of localization properties, generalized means and symmetries. In the case of frequency modulated signals, it is shown how the pointwise application of these rules can be refined by the study of a critical manifold and stationary phase-type approximations. Theoretical results are supported by both analytical and numerical examples.
Estimating facial angles using Radon transform

Analysis of human facial images has become increasingly important due to its numerous applications. In this regard, extracting facial parameters is vital and various studies have been done in this field. Using these methods, different facial parameters such as the location of eyebrows, eye length, and nose angles are extracted. In this article, a robust and automatic method is introduced for determining facial angles from profile view images using the Radon transform. The Radon transform is a type of linear integration along a specific direction and angles play an important role in its performance. The proposed algorithm not only has good precision, but also efficient performance. The precision of this method in angle measurements is 98.51% compared with manual measurement. Compared to various other angle estimation algorithms, the proposed method has higher efficiency.
Long Shadows of History: Persecution in Central Europe and its Labor Market Consequences

We analyze the extent and effects of job-related persecution under communist regimes in the Czech Republic and Poland using a representative sample of individuals aged 50+ from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Retrospective information collected in the SHARELIFE interview offers a unique chance to relate past and current labor market outcomes to experiences of persecution reflecting the historical developments in Central Europe in the 20th century. Individual level data with details on labor market histories is matched with information on the experiences of state oppression. On-the-job persecution is found to have significant effect on job quality assessment and is strongly related to reporting of distinct periods of stress in both countries. Consequences of on-the-job persecution seem to have been much more severe and longer lasting in the Czech Republic, with significant financial effects of job loss or discrimination. This is explained by the greater degree of state control over the labour market in the former Czechoslovakia compared to Poland and different characteristics of the dissident groups in both countries.
Modeling and Characteristic Analysis of Wireless Ultrasonic Vibration Energy Transmission Channels through Planar and Curved Metal Barriers

Wireless ultrasonic vibration energy transmission systems through metal barriers based on piezoelectric transducers have drawn a lot of focus due to the advantage of nonpenetration of the barriers, thus maintaining the integrity of sealed structures. It is meaningful to investigate appropriate modeling methods and to characterize such wireless ultrasonic energy transmission channels with different geometric shapes. In this paper, equivalent circuit modeling and finite element modeling methods are applied to the planar metal barrier channel, and a 3-dimensional finite element modeling method is applied to the cylindrical metallic barrier channel. Meanwhile, the experimental setup is established and measurements are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the corresponding modeling methods. The results show that Leach’s equivalent circuit modeling method and finite element modeling method are nearly similarly effective in characterizing the planar metal barrier channel. But for a cylindrical metal barrier, only the three-dimensional finite element modeling method is effective. Furthermore, we found that, for the planar barrier, the effect of standing waves on the efficiency of wireless energy transmission is dominated. But for the curved barrier, only the resonant phenomenon of the piezoelectric transducer exists.
Prognostic evaluation of vitamin D deficiency in breast cancer patients: a pilot study in India.

Background : Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. A new molecular classification of breast cancer is being increasingly used that is based on expression of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and Her2/neu amplification and is found to correlate well with prognosis and outcome of disease. The present study was designed to determine serum vitamin D deficiency in these molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Methods: Estimation of serum vitamin D levels by chemiluminiscence was done in a cohort of 99 breast cancer patients and 25 age matched healthy controls. Breast cancer patients were further grouped into luminal A, luminal B, Her2/neu enriched and triple negative subtypes based on immunohistochemistry results. Non-parametric tests were performed to compare vitamin D levels in different groups. Results: 54.6%, 60%, 66.6% and 84.2% of patients with luminal A, luminal B, Her2/neu enriched and triple negative subtypes respectively were found to be vitamin D deficient (<20ng/mL) as compared to only 20% in healthy controls. More aggressive Her2/neu enriched and triple negative subtype patients had significantly lower serum vitamin D levels than the luminal subtypes of breast cancer. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent and significantly lower levels are found in more aggressive subtypes of breast cancer. Vitamin D supplementation must be considered in these forms of breast cancer to improve outcome.
Numerical Modelling of Subsidence in Geothermal Reservoirs: Case Study of the Svartsengi Geothermal System, SW Iceland

The Svartsengi-Eldvörp geothermal system is a high temperature system situated within the Reykjanes Peninsula oblique rift in south-west Iceland, a part of the boundary between the North America and Eurasia plates. Extensive regional ground subsidence ranging from 7 to 14 mm/year has been observed from 1975 to 2015, with the maximum changes in elevation detected in the production field at Svartsengi. Numerous studies done throughout the years have sought to identify and isolate the various signals that contribute to the observed subsidence. Recently, the combined analysis of a variety of geodetic studies have proposed a natural subsidence velocity of 6 mm/year along the central volcanic rift within the Reykjanes Peninsula. This project however, seeks to contribute to the existing deformation studies at Svartsengi by setting up a TOUGH2 numerical model of the Svartsengi geothermal system, calibrated against the average annual mass extraction and reinjection rates from 1975 to 2015. One-dimensional subsidence modelling was performed with the model, using a newly developed subsidence module in iTOUGH2. The model reveals that high permeabilities, pressure drawdown and changes in the rates of production and reinjection have been major factors that have influenced the contribution of geothermal production to the total observed vertical deformation at Svartsengi. Modelled results indicate an average subsidence velocity of 3-4 mm/year as a result of mass extraction due to geothermal activity. Coupled with the natural subsidence value previously determined, this value is capable of accurately representing the total subsidence observed at Svartsengi. This numerical model is therefore a valuable tool for predicting subsidence rates due to future production at Svartsengi and Eldvörp.
Multi Objective Portfolio Optimization Based on Value-at-Risk by Non Constant Volatility and Using Greedy Search

In this paper we analyzed the multi-objective portfolio optimization problem, ie maximization of expected return and minimizing the risk of an investment portfolio. Portfolio risk in this matter was measured by using Value-at-Risk. Both expected return and Value-at-Risk portfolio estimated by using the time series approach, i.e. the mean and volatility are assumed to have non-constant. The non-constant mean is estimated using models of autoregressive moving average, while the non-constant volatility is estimated using models of autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic. To solve the multi objective portfolio optimization problem mentioned above done by using greedy search algorithm. As a numerical illustration in the multi-objective portfolio optimization problem was analyzed five stocks traded on the stock market in Indonesia. Portfolio optimization results obtained that the maximum expected return is 0.001204 and the minimum Value-at-Risk is 0.016006.
Exploring Firm Location Beyond Simple Growth Models: A Double Hurdle Application

Firm location decisions are typically influenced by economic, demographic, environmental, and social factors. This research extends the current literature by investigating the factors thought to influence the total number of manufacturing firms within a given region. Given the large number of regions without any manufacturing firms, a double hurdle model is employed to account for excess zeros. The results suggest that there are certain industry input variables, such as population and education that make a region an attractive or unattractive location for a particular manufacturing firm.
Stroke, Epidemiological and Genetical Approach

Despite remarkable progress in the recent years in the field of the management and treatment of Cerebral Vascular Accident (stroke), the latter remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in many countries. In fact, it is admitted that even though the majority of strokes has been not fatal sofar, it has often been responsible for functional deficits (motor, visual and cognitive). Stroke is very common in industrialized countries (Casas J et al, 2007) and is the third leading cause of death in North America, Japan and China (Xiao Yuxin et al, 2009) (Table 1). The annual incidence in Canada is about 1/1000, and soars to 10/1000 after age 65. This incidence is much higher in Europe, (7/1000 in France, 5.6/1000 in Portugal) (Roshan Ariyaratnam et al, 2007) (Table 2).
A SURVEY OF CORE TECHNOLOGIES TO BUILD AN INTELLIGENT SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM

Public Security is a great concern past few years in INDIA as well as the World due to terrorist activities. It has been found that to enhance security a network of cameras is being deployed across the prominent places in the world. Such a traditional approach is costly as well as totally depends on physical and mental status of the observer looking at the camera data. In the light of such weak security infrastructure we propose a method to develop an intelligent system which not only will capture and feedback the video at real time but also model human behavior. To develop an Intelligent System for detecting , Modeling , Classification of human behavior using image processing and machine vision to detect abnormal malicious intents. We have identified the necessary steps and modules to achieve our proposed system. In the light of the study we have anticipated various algorithms and provide a survey of work done in the fields of image processing and video processing. We have identified important and core technologies as Image segmentation, Background removal, Object classification, motion tracking and behavior analysis and have presented each technology with its recent developments. Index Terms : modeling , image processing, machine vision, image segmentation, background removal, tracking.
Real-Time Pressure and Flow Response for Swath Control Technology

Auto-swath technology is being readily adopted by producers across the US because it can improve in-field equipment efficiency and reduce input usage leading to economic savings. Spray controllers with swath control use GPS to track of areas where inputs have already been applied and areas identified to receive no inputs. However, concerns exist for liquid applicators equipped with auto-swath technology about the system response when shutting ON/OFF of boom-sections or nozzles possibly impacting the desired spray pattern and rate. Therefore, an investigation was conducted to evaluate real-time boom dynamics, pressure and flow, for a typical agricultural sprayer using auto-swath technology. An 18.3-m sprayer was outfitted with commercially available individual nozzle and boom-section control was used to determine if difference existed between these different methods of ON/OFF control. Ten high frequency response pressure sensors were randomly mounted across the boom to measure nozzle tip pressure with another sensor located at the boom manifold to record overall system pressure. A flow meter just before the boom manifold provided system flow response. Two point row scenarios having 20° and 70° angles were conducted at 43.2 l/min application rate and 9.7 km/h ground speed. Auto-boom scenarios were conducted with and with-out flow compensation while auto-nozzle scenarios were conducted without flow compensation. Results indicated that 1) pressure deviation between -28% and 29% during 20° and 70° point row auto-boom scenarios resulted in the spray tip flow rate varying from -19.2% to 12.4 % during auto-boom scenarios; 2) nozzle pressure stabilization time (PST) was up to 19.3 sec. while moving OUT and INTO point rows,; 3) 20° point row presented an example of a scenario where the controller was unable to control the application rate during auto-swath initiation; and 4) the sprayer system dynamics were different for moving INTO versus OUT of point rows for all tests. These results suggest different control algorithms and possible hardware improvements are needed for these operating conditions to minimize application errors.
What Determines the Access to Credit by SMEs?: A Case Study in Vietnam

Using World Bank Enterprise Survey in 2009, we investigated which factors determined SME access to credit in Vietnam. This database includes not only small and medium enterprises but also large enterprises. The scope of data is very wide but in measure of determinants of SME credit availability, the data is rather limited. Due to the characteristics of data, our paper could not aim at in-depth specific problems, but at looking for general picture of SMEs financing including endogenous and exogenous variables. The binominal logit model is used to assess the influence of firm and financial characteristics, credit worthiness, industry and region dummy on the probability that firms access credit. We added discriminant and cluster analysis to contribute to the findings that logistic model could not reach. Basing on logistic model, we found that besides conclusions that were consistent with other studies, there were also interesting unprecedented conclusions. Our study showed that in general, businesses in Vietnam depended too much on real estate, land as collateral compared with other Asian countries. As a result, this might cause problems for small businesses in accessing bank loans. However, this did not apply with Central North where it was extremely easy for small business to access capital. From the findings, our study suggests that more research be focused on this area in order to have deeper understanding of the factors that facilitate bank loans for SMEs which can be applied for SMEs in other areas.
Echo chambers and online radicalism: assessing the internet’s complicity in violent extremism

This article considers claims made by various authors that the use of filtering and recommendation technology on the Internet can deprive certain communities of feedback, and instead amplify groups' viewpoints, leading to polarization of opinion across communities, and increases in extremism. The ‘echo chamber’ arguments of Cass Sunstein are taken as representative of this point of view, and examined in detail in the context of a range of research, theoretical and empirical, quantitative and qualitative, in political science and the sociology of religion, from the last quarter century. The conclusion is that the case has not been made either (a) that echo chambers are necessarily harmful, or (b) that the Internet is complicit in their formation.