Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lexicogenic matrices and institutional roles of U.S. military jargon

Le lexique specialise des militaires americains comprend un technolecte officiel, des nomenclatures techniques, des codes tactiques, ainsi qu’un jargon riche et diversifie. Cree spontanement au sein des unites de combat, ce dernier procede de multiples matrices lexicogeniques, dont cette etude propose une nouvelle typologie. Metaphores et abreviations representent une proportion importante au sein d’une liste de 190 items lexicaux emblematiques du jargon militaire americain ; ce dernier est dote de plusieurs roles institutionnels : instrument de cohesion sociale, souvent porteur d’une charge humoristique, il peut aussi receler des recits implicites, porter des jugements negatifs sur l’institution militaire, ou des stereotypes lies a la condition de soldat, mais aussi servir de code verbal et de signe de reconnaissance entre membres d’une meme communaute militaire. L’elaboration de « diagrammes de roles » permet de visualiser la part respective de ces six fonctions pour un meme item lexical.
Direct Detection of Rifampin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Respiratory Specimens by PCR-DNA Sequencing

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the feasibility of a molecular strategy based on identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by IS6110 PCR or Cobas Amplicor PCR, and rpoB PCR-DNA sequencing of the 81-bp rifampin resistance determining region (RRDR) for direct detection of rifampin resistance in respiratory specimens. A collection of 2,138 respiratory specimens and 352 nonduplicate M. tuberculosis isolates (including 233 isolates from the evaluated respiratory specimens and an additional collection of 119 stored isolates) from Southern China was investigated. Using culture as the reference test, the overall diagnostic sensitivities of an acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear, Cobas Amplicor PCR, IS6110 PCR were 54.5% (156 of 286), 86.7% (248 of 286), and 89.2% (255 of 286), respectively. The sensitivities of the rpoB PCR for the specimens with positive AFB smears and with positive PCR results in the IS6110 PCR and/or Cobas Amplicor PCR were 100% (156 of 156) and 92.3% (239 of 259), respectively. Of the 352 nonduplicate M. tuberculosis isolates, the agar proportion method for rifampin reported 39 resistant strains. Full agreement (352 of 352) was found with the agar proportion method and the genotype inferred from the rpoB DNA sequencing data for rifampin. Thirty-nine mutations of nine distinct kinds, eight point mutations, and one deletion within the RRDR were found in the 39 resistant strains. For the direct DNA sequencing performed on rpoB PCR-positive respiratory specimens, the concordance with the agar proportion method and the subsequent PCR-sequencing for the culture isolate was 100%. This strategy has potential application for direct and rapid diagnosis of rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis in IS6110 PCR or Cobas Amplicor PCR-positive respiratory specimens.
A series of promoters for constitutive expression of heterologous genes in fission yeast

Inducible/repressible promoters are useful for the maintenance of toxic genes or timely expression. For ectopic expression of cloned genes in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the thiamine‐regulatable nmt1 promoter has been widely used, since the transcriptional activity of this promoter can be controlled by thiamine. However, this property sometimes limits a certain type of research, since the expression inevitably requires cells to be cultivated under the conditions that induce promoter activation. To allow constitutive expression of heterologous genes, we cloned three promoters of cam1+, tif51+ and ef1a‐c+. Construction of a series of vectors comprising these promoters and their introduction into the fission yeast cells demonstrated that the activity was different among these promoters but was not affected by cultured media commonly used in fission yeast. Therefore, a promoter with appropriate strength would be selectable from these promoters, depending on the genes to be expressed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible Retirement and Optimal Taxation

This paper studies optimal insurance against idiosyncratic wage shocks in a life cycle model with intensive labor supply and endogenous retirement. When the fixed cost of work is increasing in wage, the optimal retirement wedge provides stronger incentives for delayed retirement with age. Retirement benefits that resemble the US Social Security system can implement the optimum. Calibrated numerical simulations suggest that a mix of retirement benefits that increase with claiming age, and age-dependent linear taxes, is close to optimal.
Marketing of milk and constraints faced by womens self help groups in Marathwada region of Maharashtra

In order to study the training needs of the farm women and their constraints, 120 farm women were selected randomly from Raigad district ofKonkan region. The special designed schedule was used for collection of data. The data were collected for the year 2009. The qualitative data were quantified using suitable statistical tools. 55.00 per cent of the farm women were of opinion that training was needed more in respect of use of fumigants at stored place' followed by 'use of preventive measures at stored place (46.67 %), identification of stored grain pest, its nature of damage and control measures (40.00 %). Major constraints faced by the respondents in food grain storage practices were, high cost of improved storage structure (85.00 %), lack of knowledge on identification of stored grain pest (69.16%), unavailability of different storage structures (56.66 %).
Dialysis and hemoperfusion in poisoning.

The treatment of serious drug or chemical poisoning relies mostly on the use of standard intensive care measures. Supplementation of intensive care with dialysis and hemoperfusion may be necessary at times to remove the intoxicant in seriously ill patients. Factors governing drug and chemical removal by dialysis and hemoperfusion are discussed, and guidelines given when to employ these techniques. Tables of drugs removed by both techniques are given for guidance. These tables will be updated regularly on the Advances in Renal Replacement Therapy website.
Structural conceptual optimization and kinematics of a 3-Dof novel parallel mechanism used for virtual axes coordinate measure machine

This paper presents a novel parallel kinematic structure with one translation and two rotations. The shape and size of its workspace as well as singularity of the structure have been calculated and analyzed, which shows that there are un-robust workspace and singular positions which has been verified by its experiment prototype. Thus, two structural optimized parallel structures were designed by using fixed strut length and variable strut length approaches, the kinematics and workspace and prototype experiment for one of the optimized structures are investigated, which shows a robust workspace and non existing of the singularity to greater extent. The optimized structures can be used in machine tools or coordinate measure machines.
Study on the effect of dry extract of Tribulus terrestris on the forage consumption rate in japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

An investigation of Vemo Herb® additive on the forage consumption rate in Japanese quail (Pharaoh breed) has been conducted. The experiment was carried out for 10 weeks with 52 female and 16 male sexually matured Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) distributed in four groups: control group (without additive), first experimental group - 4 mg*kg-1 of live weight for 10 weeks; second experimental group - 10 mg*kg-1 of live weight during the first five weeks of the study (after that the product was no more supplemented) and third experimental group - 10 mg*kg-1 of live weight during the whole study period. It was observed, a tendency of decreasing of the forage consumption rate for the whole experimental period (no statistical significance) for all the experimental groups compared to the control group, but some of the weekly differences are significant.
Recent progress in the development of Toll-like receptor (TLR) antagonists

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system mediate and control the activation and progression of adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most notable of the PRRs: they play crucial roles in protecting the host body against invading pathogens or endogenously released hazardous molecules. Sustained TLR signaling even after the clearance of pathogens or failure to distinguish between ‘self’ and ‘non-self’ molecules can cause inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Areas covered: This review focuses on recently developed therapeutic agents with TLR-antagonistic activities. Expert opinion: In recent years, several research institutes and pharmaceutical companies have achieved fundamental successes in inhibiting or reducing TLR signaling and associated effector mechanisms by using novel inhibitors. These inhibitory molecules include antibodies against TLRs, TLR-derived transmembrane (TM) peptides, bacterial-secreted proteins, and natural or synthetic small molecules, peptides, and proteins. Antagonist developers generally target the TLR ectodomain to block receptor activation. The TM and cytosolic Toll/IL-1 receptor domains also have regions that should be explored for the design of peptide-based and small molecule blocking agents. A number of preclinical and clinical breakthroughs may result in the availability of improved TLR immunomodulatory drugs to address important unmet medical needs.
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy: Report of a case with ganglionic differentiation

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare but well‐documented lesion of neuroectodermal derivation. Maturation of the neural elements has been reported only occasionally. We report a case of MNTI of the maxilla showing maturation of neural elements to ganglionic cells. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Staging of bronchogenic carcinoma by bronchoscopy.

1994;106;588-593 Chest Ko-Pen Wang Bronchoscopy Staging of Bronchogenic Carcinoma by http://chestjournal.chestpubs. org/content/106/2/588.citation services can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and ISSN:0012-3692 ) http://chestjournal.chestpubs. org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( prior written permission of the copyright holder. this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed without the Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights reserved. No part of Copyright1994by the American College of Chest Physicians, 3300 Physicians. It has been published monthly since 1935. is the official journal of the American College of Chest Chest
A General Characterization for Polarimetric Scattering From Vegetation Canopies

Current polarimetric model-based decomposition techniques are limited to specific types of vegetation because of their assumptions about the volume scattering component. In this paper, we propose a generalized probability density function based on the nth power of a cosine-squared function. This distribution is completely characterized by two parameters; a mean orientation angle and the power of the cosine-squared function. We show that the underlying randomness of the distribution is only a function of the power of the cosine-squared function. We then derive the average covariance matrix for various different elementary scatterers showing that the result has a very simple analytical form suitable for use in model-based decomposition schemes.
Modélisation et analyses physiopathologiques de la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique liée à l'ubiquiline 2 à l'aide de vecteurs AAV10

La Sclerose Laterale Amyotrophique (SLA) est une maladie neurodegenerative incurable caracterisee par la perte progressive des motoneurones. Recemment, des mutations dans le gene UBQLN2, codant pour l'ubiquiline 2, ont ete identifiees dans des formes hereditaires de SLA et de SLA avec Demence Fronto-Temporale (SLA-DFT). Ces mutations induisent la formation d'agregats positifs a l'ubiquiline 2 dans la moelle epiniere de patients atteints de SLA et dans le cerveau de patients atteints de SLA-DFT, ainsi que dans d'autres formes familiales et dans des formes sporadiques de la maladie. En raison de l'implication de l'ubiquiline 2 dans la degradation proteique intracellulaire, son role semble etre determinant dans la pathogenese des differents types de SLA. Afin d'etudier les mecanismes physiopathologiques de la maladie et d'envisager des solutions therapeutiques, nous avons cree un modele murin de SLA et de SLA-DFT liees a l'UBQLN2 qui recapitule l'ensemble des caracteristiques associees a la maladie, suite a l'injection intracerebroventriculaire de vecteurs viraux associes a l'adenovirus (AAV) de serotype 10, renfermant l'ADNc mute de l'ubiquiline 2. De plus, nos analyses de spectrometrie de masse ont revele une perte d'interaction de l'ubiquiline 2 mutee avec une proteine indispensable pour le maintien du cytosquelette des neurones, l'? -spectrine. Enfin, nous avons observe que le Bleu de Methylene augmente la quantite d'inclusions engendrees par la surexpression de l'ubiquiline 2 mutee. Cette etude a donc permis d'obtenir un paradigme solide pour l'etude de l'implication de l'ubiquiline 2 dans la SLA et pourra servir a l'elaboration de strategies therapeutiques efficaces.
Downregulation of oxytocin and natriuretic peptides in diabetes: possible implications in cardiomyopathy

Regular physical activity is beneficial in preventing the risk of cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Recent studies showed a cardioprotective role of oxytocin (OT) to induce natriuretic peptides (NPs) and nitric oxide (NO) release. It is not known if the diabetic state is associated with a reduced OT–NPs–NO system and if exercise training improves this system. To address this, we investigated the effects of treadmill running using the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Eight‐week‐old db/db mice were subjected to running 5 days per week for a period of 8 weeks. The lean db/+ littermates were used as controls. Sedentary db/db mice were obese and hyperglycaemic, and exercise training was not effective in reducing body weight and the hyperglycaemic state. Compared to control mice, db/db mice had lower heart weight and heart‐to‐body weight ratios. In these mice, this was associated with augmented cardiac apoptosis, cardiomyocyte enlargement and collagen deposits. In addition, db/db mice displayed significant downregulation in gene expression of OT (76%), OT receptors (65%), atrial NP (ANP; 43%), brain NP (BNP; 87%) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (54%) in the heart (P < 0.05). Exercise training had no effect on expression of these genes which were stimulated in control mice. In response to exercise training, the significant increment of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 gene expression was observed only in control mice (P < 0.05). In conclusion, downregulation of the OT–NPs–NO system occurs in the heart of the young db/db mouse. Exercise training was not effective in reversing the defect, suggesting impairment of this cardiac protective system in diabetes.
Measurements of heat production for estimation of maintenance energy requirements of Hereford steers.

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that maintenance energy requirement (MEm) can be estimated from continuous heat production measurements during a change from a near maintenance feeding level to far below maintenance for two consecutive days. The MEm of eight Hereford steers weighing 286 +/- 5 kg (mean +/- SE) was determined in a balance trial. In addition, during the 10-d collection period, the animals were kept in open-circuit respiration chambers to measure 24-h gas exchange continuously at 10-min intervals. During the balance trial, the animals were fed dried chopped grass twice daily at an estimated level of 1.2 x MEm. After termination of the collection period on the 11th d of the balance trial, the steers were offered 2 kg/d of wheat straw while only gas exchange was measured. Estimates of MEm were derived from heat production (HP) data. The analyses included values of 24-h HP, HP of the nocturnal period (0000 to 0630), HP of the nocturnal period (excluding HP caused by standing) during the grass-feeding period and 24-h HP, nocturnal HP, and nocturnal HP (excluding HP caused by standing) during the straw feeding period. The MEm predicted from estimates of HP measurements were 536 +/- 9, 470 +/- 8, 441 +/- 8, 435 +/- 8, 393 +/- 9, and 373 +/- 9 kJ.kg of BW(-0.75). d(-1), respectively, whereas MEm calculated from data of the balance trial were 416 +/- 9 kJ.kg of BW(-0.75). d(-1). Values predicted for nocturnal HP (excluding HP caused by standing) of grass fed animals, 24-h HP, and nocturnal HP during straw feeding did not differ significantly from MEm. The differences in MEm among animals were reflected by all estimates of HP, whereas the correlation with the 24-h HP during straw feeding reached 0.9 (P = 0.002). We conclude that the method described is adequate to determine MEm with a sufficient degree of accuracy.
Diet habits, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, green tea drinking, and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese population

Objective This study aims to investigate the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in relation to exogenous factors in a rural area of China with a high incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods A population-based case–control study was conducted in Yangzhong County, Jiangsu Province, China, with 355 histologically confirmed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases recruited between 1 January 2004 and 28 February 2006 and 408 controls matched by sex and age, randomly selected from the local population. Results Stratified logistic regression analysis by sex revealed that hot-temperature food items, pork braised in brown sauce and old stocked rice intake could increase the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with odds ratio of 2.127 (95% confidence interval: 1.394–3.245), 2.059 (95% confidence interval: 1.417–2.993) and 9.059 (95% confidence interval: 5.930–13.840), respectively, in men and 3.048 (95% confidence interval: 1.733–5.364), 1.914 (95% confidence interval: 1.159–3.162) and 14.532 (95% confidence interval: 7.816–27.019), respectively, in women, whereas diet high in salt and chili, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking only showed possible risk effects in men with odds ratio 2.338 (95% confidence interval: 1.568–3.485), 3.378 (95% confidence interval: 2.117–5.389), 1.976 (95% confidence interval: 1.337–2.921) and 2.197 (95% confidence interval: 1.510–3.195), respectively. Green tea drinking showed a protective effect in women (odds ratio=0.257; 95% confidence interval: 0.070–0.941). Conclusions Findings from this study provided evidence that dietary habits, tobacco-smoking and alcohol drinking contribute to the etiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A healthy dietary habit, with smoking cessation and alcohol controlling is of a great importance in the prevention of esophageal cancer.
Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas in Xeroderma Pigmentosum Treated with Imiquimod 5% Cream

Abstract: We report successful treatment of multiple basal cell carcinomas with imiquimod 5% cream in a 16‐year‐old boy with xeroderma pigmentosum and review the possibility of prophylactic role of imiquimod in the disease. Imiquimod cream was applied uniformly over all the basal cell carcinoma lesions and background pigmented skin, once at bedtime on every alternate day for 12 weeks. Besides the basal cell carcinomas, the background hyperpigmentation and keratotic papules also cleared, and the skin texture improved. The lesions did not recur at the treated sites during the follow up of 1 year.
Changing roles of anticoagulant and antiplatelet treatment during percutaneous coronary intervention

In the development of percutaneous intervention, Dotter first used unfractionated heparin (UFH) alone when performing peripheral angioplasty.1 In the 1970s Gruentzig added 1 g of aspirin (ASA) for three days in coronary angioplasty, which was started the day before the procedure.2 Over the ensuing years empiric attempts were made to improve patient outcomes using dextran and dipyridamole but without success. More recently, along with ASA and UFH, direct thrombin inhibitors, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), warfarin, fibrinolytics, thienopyridines, and platelet glycoprotein (Gp) IIb/IIIa antagonists have all been studied in efforts to reduce the thrombotic complications associated with a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Of the multiple combinations of antithrombotic agents that have been tried and tested, only several have been unequivocally proven to be beneficial in placebo controlled trials. A number of others continue to be studied or have persisted empirically. ASA, thienopyridines, UFH, LMWH, direct thrombin inhibitors, and Gp IIb/IIIa antagonists are currently the most commonly utilised antithrombotic agents. As a result of improvements in the antithrombotic regimen, in conjunction with improvements in equipment and technique, the incidence of periprocedural major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and major bleeding have continued to improve. ### Aspirin Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) has been available for over a century yet its cardiac and vascular benefits have only been realised in the last 50 years. The benefit of ASA as antiplatelet treatment in PCI is frequently under-appreciated, but has been well established in short and long term placebo controlled studies. Schwartz showed that the addition of aspirin to heparin in PCI was associated with a 77% relative risk reduction in MACE (p = 0.013). 3 Similarly, White showed that aspirin when combined with heparin was associated with a 75% reduction in MACE (p < 0.001) compared to heparin alone.4 A longer duration of aspirin …
Blood Pressure Control in Acute Cerebrovascular Disease

Acute cerebrovascular diseases (ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) affect 780,000 Americans each year. Physicians who care for patients with these conditions must be able to recognize when acute hypertension requires treatment and should understand the principles of cerebral autoregulation and perfusion. Physicians should also be familiar with the various pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of cerebrovascular emergencies. Acute ischemic stroke frequently presents with hypertension, but the systemic blood pressure should not be treated unless the systolic pressure exceeds 220 mm Hg or the diastolic pressure exceeds 120 mm Hg. Overly aggressive treatment of hypertension can compromise collateral perfusion of the ischemic penumbra. Hypertension associated with intracerebral hemorrhage can be treated more aggressively to minimize hematoma expansion during the first 3 to 6 hours of illness. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually due to aneurysmal rupture; systolic blood pressure should be kept <150 mm Hg to prevent rerupture of the aneurysm. Nicardipine and labetalol are recommended for rapidly treating hypertension during cerebrovascular emergencies. Sodium nitroprusside is not recommended due to its adverse effects on cerebral autoregulation and intracranial pressure. Hypoperfusion of the injured brain should be avoided at all costs. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:205–211. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.