Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Transcriptional Response to DNA Virus Infection in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

We previously determined that virions of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence associated DNA virus 1 (SsHADV-1) could directly infect hyphae of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, resulting in hypovirulence of the fungal host. However, the molecular mechanisms of SsHADV-1 virions disruption of the fungal cell wall barrier and entrance into the host cell are still unclear. To investigate the early response of S. sclerotiorum to SsHADV-1 infection, S. sclerotiorum hyphae were inoculated with purified SsHADV-1 virions. The pre- and post-infection hyphae were collected at one–three hours post-inoculation for transcriptome analysis. Further, bioinformatic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by SsHADV-1 infection were identified in S. sclerotiorum. In total, 187 genes were differentially expressed, consisting of more up-regulated (114) than down-regulated (73) genes. The identified DEGs were involved in several important pathways. Metabolic processes, biosynthesis of antibiotics, and secondary metabolites were the most affected categories in S. sclerotiorum upon SsHADV-1 infection. Cell structure analysis suggested that 26% of the total DEGs were related to membrane tissues. Furthermore, 10 and 27 DEGs were predicted to be located in the cell membrane and mitochondria, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed, followed by functional annotation of the genes. Interestingly, one third of the annotated functional DEGs could be involved in the Ras-small G protein signal transduction pathway. These results revealed that SsHADV-1 virions may be able to bind host membrane proteins and influence signal transduction through Ras-small G protein-coupled receptors during early infection, providing new insight towards the molecular mechanisms of virions infection in S. sclerotiorum.
Fusarium graminearum Trichothecene Mycotoxins: Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Management.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of small grain cereals caused by Fusarium graminearum and other Fusarium species is an economically important plant disease worldwide. Fusarium infections not only result in severe yield losses but also contaminate grain with various mycotoxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON). With the complete genome sequencing of F. graminearum, tremendous progress has been made during the past two decades toward understanding the basis for DON biosynthesis and its regulation. Here, we summarize the current understanding of DON biosynthesis and the effect of regulators, signal transduction pathways, and epigenetic modifications on DON production and the expression of biosynthetic TRI genes. In addition, strategies for controlling FHB and DON contamination are reviewed. Further studies on these biosynthetic and regulatory systems will provide useful knowledge for developing novel management strategies to prevent FHB incidence and mycotoxin accumulation in cereals. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Phytopathology Volume 57 is August 26, 2019. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Effect of Financial Statements Quality on Information Asymmetry and Investment Efficiency as Moderating Variable in Mining Companies

Efficiency investments made by the internal company is expected to improve the financial statements reporting by the company better than reducing the information asymmetri between internal company and investors. The purpose of this study are determine the effect on the quality of financial statements with information asymmetry and use investment efficiency as a moderating variable. This study uses mining companies that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2015. Samples were obtained by 84 companies with nonprobability sampling methods with purposive sampling. Data analysis technique conducted is moderated regression analysis. The result finds that quality of financial reporting has negative effect on information asymmetry. Efficiency investments strengthen the negative effect on the quality of reporting of information asymmetry. Keywords: investment efficiency, quality of financial reports, information asymmetry DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-8-03 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
A Legal Approach to Winning the ‘Wash’ War in Nigeria

Open defecation has continued to pose serious health and environmental challenges globally. This practice affects almost 1 billion people worldwide and is said to contribute significantly to an estimated 842,000 deaths resulting from sanitation related diseases. A survey conducted by UNICEF ranks Nigeria as the African country with the highest population practicing open defecation and the second next to India globally. To tackle this and to prevent an environmental and health crisis, a state of emergency was declared in the water supply, sanitation and hygiene services (WASH) sector that led to the signing of an executive order to end open defecation by 2025. The objective is to eliminate open defecation and also ensure that SDG 6 is achieved especially in the rural areas. This paper posits that achieving an open defecation free status has and still remains a primary target for the government in Nigeria at all levels and the machinery of law be deployed as a viable tool to achieve this target. It submits that for this target to be met, there is the need to recognize the right to sanitation as one of the key ways to address sanitation issues especially open defecation. Articulating this right in a way that respects equity, human rights and environmental sustainability will effectively aid in the realization of the goal of ending open defecation by 2025.
Investigating older adults’ intention to learn health knowledge on social media

ABSTRACT Abundant health knowledge resources are available on social media to facilitate technology-enhanced knowledge learning among older adults. The objective of this study is to investigate the predictors and the underlying formation mechanism of older adults’ intention to learn health knowledge on social media. We propose a novel model to examine how older adults’ emotional state (i.e., health anxiety) and cognitive state (i.e., e-health literacy) during knowledge acquisition influence threat appraisal (i.e. perceived severity and perceived susceptibility) and coping appraisal (i.e. self-efficacy and perceived benefits), thereby shaping older adults’ intention to learn health knowledge. Survey data from 337 Chinese older adult users of social media was collected to test the research model. Results reveal that perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy and perceived benefits exert positive effects on older adults’ health knowledge learning intention, while the impact of perceived severity on health knowledge learning intention is not statistically significant; health anxiety is positively correlated with perceived severity and perceived susceptibility, and e-health literacy is a powerful predictor of self-efficacy and perceived benefits. This paper enriches the literature related to technology-enhanced knowledge learning and online health behavior among older adults. Effective strategies are proposed based on the findings for practitioners dedicated to promoting health knowledge via social media and older adults who apply health knowledge to address health-related needs.
How Many Antennas Do We Need for Massive MIMO Channel Sounding? - Validating Through Measurement

This paper investigates the impact of the number of antennas (8 to 64) and the array configuration on massive MIMO channel parameters estimation for multiple propagation scenarios at 3.5 GHz. Different measurement environments are artificially created by placing several reflectors and absorbers in an anechoic chamber. Ground truth channel parameters, e.g, path angles, are obtained by geometry and trigonometric rules. Then, these are compared to the channel parameters extracted by the applying Space-Alternating Generalized Expectation-Maximization (SAGE) algorithm on the measurements. Overall, the estimation errors for various array configurations and the multiple environments are compared. This paper will help to determine the appropriate configuration of the antenna array and the parameter extraction algorithm for outdoor massive MIMO channel sounding campaigns.
Incorporating patients’ perspectives into the initial stages of core outcome set development: a rapid review of qualitative studies of type 2 diabetes

Conducting systematic reviews of qualitative studies to incorporate patient perspectives within the early stages of core outcome set (COS) development can be resource intensive. We aimed to identify an expedited approach to be used as part of the wider COS development process. Specifically, we undertook a rapid review of qualitative studies of patients’ views and experiences of type 2 diabetes. We searched MEDLINE from inception to June 2017 to identify studies reporting qualitative empirical findings of perspectives of people with type 2 diabetes. Qualitative methodological filters were used to minimize irrelevant references. Drawing on content analysis, data synthesis involved identifying text in eligible studies relevant to outcomes of type 2 diabetes and interpreting and categorizing this according to the 38 core domains of the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials taxonomy. Of 146 studies screened, 26 were included. Four hundred and fifty-eight outcomes were derived from the included studies. In comparison to the outcomes extracted from clinical trials, more life impact outcomes were derived from the qualitative studies, but fewer physiological/clinical outcomes. Outcomes relating to ‘mortality/survival’ and ‘role functioning’ were more prevalent in studies conducted in low/middle-income countries. This rapid review and synthesis of qualitative studies identified outcomes that had not previously been identified by a systematic review of clinical trials. It also identified differences in the types of outcomes given prominence to in the clinical trials and qualitative literatures. Incorporating qualitative evidence on patient perspectives from the outset of the COS development process can help to ensure outcomes that matter to patients are not overlooked. Our method provides a pragmatic and resource-efficient way to do this. For those developing international COS, our method has potential for incorporating the perspectives of patients from diverse countries in the early stages of COS development.
Adaptive Image-Based Visual Servoing Using Reinforcement Learning With Fuzzy State Coding

Image-based visual servoing (IBVS) allows precise control of positioning and motion for relatively stationary targets using visual feedback. For IBVS, a mixture parameter $\beta$ allows better approximation of the image Jacobian matrix, which has a significant effect on the performance of IBVS. However, the setting for the mixture parameter depends on the camera's real-time posture; there is no clear way to define the change rules for most IBVS applications. Using simple model-free reinforcement learning, Q-learning, this article proposes a method to adaptively adjust the image Jacobian matrix for IBVS. If the state-space is discretized, traditional Q-learning encounters problems with the resolution that can cause sudden changes in the action, so the visual servoing system performs poorly. Besides, a robot in a real-world environment also cannot learn on as large a scale as virtual agents, so the efficiency with which agents learn must be increased. This article proposes a method that uses fuzzy state coding to accelerate learning during the training phase and to produce a smooth output in the application phase of the learning experience. A method that compensates for delay also allows more accurate extraction of features in a real environment. The results for simulation and experiment demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than other methods, in terms of learning speed, movement trajectory, and convergence time.
Endozoochorus Seed Dispersal by Jalauni Sheep in Tropical Climate: Recovery and Germinability under Natural Pasture Grazing

Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky. edu/igc/23/2-7-1/17 The 23rd International Grassland Congress (Sustainable use of Grassland Resources for Forage Production, Biodiversity and Environmental Protection) took place in New Delhi, India from November 20 through November 24, 2015. Proceedings Editors: M. M. Roy, D. R. Malaviya, V. K. Yadav, Tejveer Singh, R. P. Sah, D. Vijay, and A. Radhakrishna Published by Range Management Society of India
Mood and neural responses to social rejection do not seem to be altered in resilient adolescents with a history of adversity

Abstract Childhood adversity (CA) increases the risk of subsequent mental health problems. Adolescent social support (from family and/or friends) reduces the risk of mental health problems after CA. However, the mechanisms of this effect remain unclear, and we speculate that they are manifested on neurodevelopmental levels. Therefore, we investigated whether family and/or friendship support at ages 14 and 17 function as intermediate variables for the relationship between CA before age 11 and affective or neural responses to social rejection feedback at age 18. We studied 55 adolescents with normative mental health at age 18 (26 with CA and therefore considered “resilient”), from a longitudinal cohort. Participants underwent a Social Feedback Task in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Social rejection feedback activated the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the left anterior insula. CA did not predict affective or neural responses to social rejection at age 18. Yet, CA predicted better friendships at age 14 and age 18, when adolescents with and without CA had comparable mood levels. Thus, adolescents with CA and normative mood levels have more adolescent friendship support and seem to have normal mood and neural responses to social rejection.
Symmetry of positive solutions to fractional equations in bounded domains and unbounded cylinders

The aim of this paper is to study symmetry and monotonicity for positive solutions to fractional equations. We first consider the following problems in bounded domains in the sense of distributions \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} (-\Delta)^su = \frac{g(u)}{|x|^{2s}}+f(x,u)\ \ \ &\mbox{in}\ \Omega,\\ u>0\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ &\mbox{in}\ \Omega,\\ u = 0\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n\setminus\Omega, \end{cases} \end{equation*} $\end{document} where \begin{document}$ n>2s $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ 0 . We prove that all positive solutions are radically symmetric about the origin. Compare to results in [ 1 ], we use a completely different method under the weaker conditions in \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} . Next we consider a problem in infinite cylinders. We establish the symmetry and monotonicity of positive solutions by using the method of moving planes. This result can be seen as the nonlocal counterparts of [ 3 ].
Beauty in the Eye of the Beholder: Individual Differences in Preference for Randomized Visual Patterns

Recent studies have shown that preference judgments can vary considerably from one person to another and when these data are averaged the results can be misleading. In the current study, we examine individual differences in aesthetic preference for randomized visual patterns. In Experiment 1, we start with a structured checkerboard and progressively randomize its alternating black and white squares by 10% increments. In Experiment 2, we begin with a structured square array of vertical line segments and progressively randomize line orientation. In both experiments, there were strong differences in responding with most participants favoring either ordered or randomized versions. We found differences in Big-Five trait scores across these groupings. Individuals who scored high on extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness all preferred random patterns. Preference results for openness and neuroticism varied across the experiments. Explanations for predicted and obtained trait outcomes are provided.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Screening and Management in Patients With Hematologic or Solid Malignancies Anticipating Immunosuppressive Cancer Therapy.

PURPOSE National hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening recommendations for patients with cancer anticipating systemic anticancer therapy range from universal screening to screening based on risk of HBV infection, cancer therapy-specific risk of HBV reactivation, or both. We conducted cost-effectiveness analyses to identify optimal HBV screening strategies. PATIENTS AND METHODS We constructed decision-analytic models to analyze three strategies (no screening, universal screening, and selective screening based on use of an HBV infection risk tool) for hypothetic cohorts of patients anticipating anticancer therapy at high or lower risk for HBV reactivation. Model parameters were drawn from previously published studies, the SEER-Medicare database, and other online resources. Outcomes included lifetime expected cost, quality-adjusted life expectancy, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, measured in US dollars required to gain an additional quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). RESULTS For patients at high reactivation risk, universal screening dominated (ie, was cheaper and more effective than) the other two strategies. Universal screening was associated with a gain in life expectancy of 0.01 QALY compared with no screening and cost $76.06 less than no screening and $4.34 less than selective screening. For those at lower reactivation risk, universal screening still dominated selective screening; however, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the universal screening strategy compared with no screening was $186,917 per QALY gained. CONCLUSION Universal HBV screening is cost effective and cheaper for patients receiving anticancer therapy associated with a high reactivation risk. For patients receiving anticancer therapy associated with a lower reactivation risk, universal screening is not cost effective.
Genome-scale integrated analysis to identify prospective molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets in isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 R140Q-mutated acute myeloid leukemia

The aim of the present study was to identify potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets in regards to isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) R140Q-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). An RNA sequencing dataset of IDH2 wild-type and R140Q-mutated adult de novo AML bone marrow samples was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The edgeR package was used to screen for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets were identified using Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) v6.8, Biological Networks Gene Ontology tool, Connectivity Map (CMap), Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and GeneMANIA. A total of 230 DEGs were identified between the bone marrow tissues of IDH2 R140Q-mutated and wild-type AML patients, of which 31 were significantly associated with overall survival (OS). Functional assessment of DEGs showed significant enrichment in multiple biological processes, including angiogenesis and cell differentiation. STRING and GeneMANIA were used to identify the hub genes of these DEGs. CMap analysis identified 13 potential small-molecule drugs against IDH2 R140Q-mutated adult de novo AML. Genome-wide co-expression network analysis identified several IDH2 R140Q co-expressed genes, of which 56 were significantly associated with AML OS. The difference in IDH2 mRNA expression levels and OS between the IDH2 R140Q-mutated and wild-type AML were not statistically significant in our cohort. In conclusion, we identified several co-expressing genes and potential molecular mechanisms that are instrumental in IDH2 R140Q-mutated adult de novo AML, along with 13 candidate targeted therapeutic drugs.
Interaction network analysis in shear thickening suspensions

Dense, stabilized, frictional particulate suspensions in a viscous liquid undergo increasingly strong continuous shear thickening (CST) as the solid packing fraction, $\phi$, increases above a critical volume fraction, and discontinuous shear thickening (DST) is observed for even higher packing fractions. Recent studies have related shear thickening to a transition from mostly lubricated to predominantly frictional contacts with the increase in stress. The rheology and networks of frictional forces from two and three-dimensional simulations of shear-thickening suspensions are studied. These are analyzed using measures of the topology of the network, including tools of persistent homology. We observe that at low stress the frictional interaction networks are predominantly quasi-linear along the compression axis. With an increase in stress, the force networks become more isotropic, forming loops in addition to chain-like structures. The topological measures of Betti numbers and total persistence provide a compact means of describing the mean properties of the frictional force networks and provide a key link between macroscopic rheology and the microscopic interactions. A total persistence measure describing the significance of loops in the force network structure, as a function of stress and packing fraction, shows behavior similar to that of relative viscosity and displays a scaling law near the jamming fraction for both dimensionalities simulated.
Distributed Transactional Systems Cannot Be Fast

We prove that no fully transactional system can provide fast read transactions (including read-only ones that are considered the most frequent in practice). Specifically, to achieve fast read transactions, the system has to give up support of transactions that write more than one object. We prove this impossibility result for distributed storage systems that are causally consistent, i.e., they do not require to ensure any strong form of consistency. Therefore, our result holds also for any system that ensures a consistency level stronger than causal consistency, e.g., strict serializability. The impossibility result holds even for systems that store only two objects (and support at least two servers and at least four clients). It also holds for systems that are partially replicated. Our result justifies the design choices of state-of-the-art distributed transactional systems and insists that system designers should not put more effort to design fully-functional systems that support both fast read transactions and ensure causal or any stronger form of consistency.
Peroxiporins in Cancer

The transport of H2O2 across membranes by specific aquaporins (AQPs) has been considered the last milestone in the timeline of hydrogen peroxide discoveries in biochemistry. According to its concentration and localization, H2O2 can be dangerous or acts as a signaling molecule in various cellular processes as either a paracrine (intercellular) and/or an autocrine (intracellular) signal. In this review, we investigate and critically examine the available information on AQP isoforms able to facilitate H2O2 across biological membranes (“peroxiporins”), focusing in particular on their role in cancer. Moreover, the ability of natural compounds to modulate expression and/or activity of peroxiporins is schematically reported and discussed.