Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of prostaglandin‐like substances in sow's milk

Contents Sow's milk was investigated for the presence of prostaglandin-like substances during parturition and the first stages of lactation, using a bio-assay with a cascade perfusion system. For these tests, strips of rat stomach (fundus) and colon, rabbit stomach and day-old chicken rectum were used. The presence of prostaglandin-like substances in sow's milk was confirmed, with peak levels during parturition and in concentrations which decreased with the progress of lactation. Using an extraction method specific for PGF2α, an active fraction was received which contained between 13% (day of parturition) and 30% (day 5 of lactation) of the total contraction inducing actzvity of sow's milk. The presence of these active principles in milk is probably connected with the higher blood levels of prostaglandins at the time of parturition, and with the change of permeability in the mammary glands during secretion of the colostrum. The biological role of these cqmpounds is possibly connected with the stimulation these substances may exert on the gastro-intestinal orghns of the piglet. Inhalt: Bestimmung von Prostaglandin-ahnlichen Substanzen in der Milch der Sau Sauenmilch wurde auf das Vorhandensein von Prostaglandin-ahnlichen Substanren wahrend der Ceburt und in der fruhen Laktation untersucht. Benutzt wurde ein Bio-Assaysystem mit einem Kaskaden-Perfusionssystem. Dazu wurden Streifen des Rattenmagens (Fundus) und Colon sowie des Kaninchenmagens und von 1 Tage altem Kukenrektum benutzt. Prostaglandin-ahnliche Substanzen konnten so in der Milch festgestellt werden mit Spitzenwerten wahrend der Geburt und in Konzentrationen, die sich wahrend der Laktation verringerten. Unter Benutzung einer fur PGF2α, spezifischen Extraktionsmethode konnte eine aktive Fraktion isoliert werden, die 13%-his 30% (Tag der Geburt, bzw. Tag 5 der Laktation) der gesamten Kontraktionsaktivitat der Sauenmilch enthielt. Die Anwesenheit dieses aktiven Prinzips in der Sauenmilch steht wahrscheinlich in Beziehung zu hoheren Blutprostaglandinspiegeln wahrend der Geburt und mit der Veranderung der Permeabilitat im Milchflus wahrend der Kolostralphase. Die biologkche Rolle dieser Substanzen steht moglicherweise in Beziehung mit der stimulierenden Aktivitat dieser Substanren fur die Magen-Darm-Organe des Ferkels.
Challenges and Research Needs for Risk Assessment of Pesticides for Registration in Africa

ABSTRACT Risk assessment is necessary for registration and risk management of new pesticides. The aim of this article is to discuss challenges that risk assessors in Africa face when conducting risk assessment of pesticides. Risk assessment requires toxicity assessment, environmental fate studies, and the use of models for occupational, dietary, residential, and environmental exposure assessments. Toxicity studies are very costly with the result that toxicity data used to register pesticides in Africa are often sourced from northern hemisphere countries. Assessors also often use exposure modeling results from the northern hemisphere. This is not an ideal approach as occupational exposure is influenced by agricultural practices, climatic conditions, and other factors. Furthermore, residential exposure models require time-location-activity information, exposure factors, and toxicokinetic rate constants for particular pesticides. Dietary exposure assessment needs accurate and comprehensive local food consumption data. Authorities in African countries should therefore generate the required data, despite these being very costly and tedious. Authorities should also provide guidance on the type of models and standard scenarios for estimating predicted environmental concentrations in various environmental compartments. It is recommended that higher educational institutions in Africa should incorporate risk assessment in general and pesticide toxicity and exposure models in particular in their curricula.
Adaptive Interference-Aware VNF Placement for Service-Customized 5G Network Slices

Based on network function virtualization (NFV) and software defined network (SDN), network slicing is proposed as a new paradigm for building service-customized 5G network. In each network slice, service-required virtual network functions (VNFs) can be flexibly deployed in an on-demand manner, which will support a variety of 5G use cases. However, due to the diverse performance requirements among different 5G scenarios, an adaptive VNF placement approach is needed to automatically accommodate to service-specific requirements. In this paper, we tackle the VNF placement problem by first proposing a general 5G network slice framework, which jointly contains both edge cloud and core cloud servers. Specially, based on the fact that VNF consolidation may cause severe performance degradation, we adopt a demand-supply model to quantity the VNF interference. With an aim to maximize the total throughput of accepted requests, we propose an Adaptive Interference-Aware (AIA) heuristic approach to automatically place VNFs in 5G service-customized network slices. Through simulations on two typical 5G scenarios, we demonstrate that AIA can efficiently handle traffic variation especially caused by VNF interference and improve the total throughput by 20.11% and 24.21% in autonomous driving and 4K/8K HD video network slices as compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Encoding Motion Events in Mandarin Chinese

This book is a corpus-based description and discussion of how Modern Mandarin Chinese encodes motion events, with a focus on how the distribution of verbal motion morphemes is closely associated with the meanings they lexicalize. The book is not only the first work that proposes a finer-grained classification and diagnostics of Chinese motion morphemes from the perspective of scale structure, but also the first to more comprehensively account for the ordering of Chinese motion morphemes. The findings of this study will not only enrich the literature on motion events, but more importantly, further our understanding of the nature of motion events and the way motion events are conceived and represented in the Chinese language. The major proposals and the cognitive functional approach of this work will also shed light on studies beyond motion. The book will be a valuable resource for scholars interested in motion events, syntax-semantic interface, and typology.
Statistical approach for inferring ecology of Mesozoic birds

The ability to identify the ecological role an organism plays is fundamental to modern ecology and is an important goal of palaeontological studies. Morphometrics has the potential to be a statistically robust means of furthering this goal, identifying ecomorphological trends within a group of organisms. The dramatic morphological and ecological diversity of modern and fossil birds makes them ideal for ecomorphological studies, and the vast increase in known Mesozoic avian diversity opens numerous possibilities for applying modern ecomorphology to enhance our understanding of avian diversification in the Mesozoic. This study presents a large morphometric database of modern birds analysed using a multivariate statistical approach, in order to identify correlations between ecology and morphology. These relationships were also examined in a number of Mesozoic birds in order to investigate both the ecological diversification of early birds as a whole and the specific ecological roles individual taxa may have played.
Perspectives of Esophageal Cancer Survivors on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Recovery

Simple Summary An esophageal cancer diagnosis signals the start of a difficult period of health-related physical, psychological, and social challenges. To date, relatively few studies have explored the diagnosis, treatment, and recovery experiences of esophageal cancer survivors. Esophageal cancer diagnosis and treatment pose challenges to all aspects of wellbeing, and necessitate an extended period of recovery. As such, supportive education and rehabilitative interventions must encompass a range of strategies to help survivors maintain an adequate quality of life during treatment and recovery. This study aimed to examine patient experiences of esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment, and recovery, to enable researchers and health professionals to better understand the education and rehabilitative needs of esophageal cancer survivors. Abstract Esophageal cancer poses challenges to all domains of wellbeing. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment, and recovery, with a view to informing the health education needs of this group. Eighteen persons who had undergone an esophagectomy participated in one of four audio-taped focus groups in a specialist hospital for cancer care. Transcriptions were analyzed thematically. Fear and uncertainty underpinned all stages of diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. Participants emphasized: (a) a lack of understanding over what to expect throughout treatment and recovery; (b) the demanding and traumatic period of adjustment required as a result of changes to their physical, psychological, and social functioning; and, (c) that support provided by family, friends, and acquaintances was variable and uninformed, often to the point of being counterproductive to physical and psychosocial recovery. Tailored education is needed to enable patients to prepare for each stage of their cancer journey. Equally, families and wider social networks should receive education that enables them to provide esophageal cancer survivors with appropriate support. Education should be provided at intervals that enable patients, survivors, and support networks to prepare for the physical, emotional, and social challenges experienced during diagnosis, treatment, and recovery.
The Challenges of Globalization: The Changing Role of Cultural Intelligence in the 21st Century

As a result of inexorable globalization and European integration processes people have to face challenges deriving from cultural differences. A strong correlation exists between the capabilities of individuals to face these challenges and their cultural intelligence. The main goals of this paper are to define factors influencing cultural intelligence being one of the key competences of the 21th century. In an open economy like the Hungarian, workers and business partners alike find themselves, ever more often, facing challenges that arose due to cultural differences. Our empirical research is based on relationship between the success attitude and the cultural intelligence of full-time university students. The success attitude of university students ultimately refers to their preferences for a sense of success which is the drive that governs their thoughts and actions. We identified the indicators of success attitude in a previous study. The indicators were classified into five components using factor analysis. A strong, significant connection between the main components of success attitude and the factors of cultural intelligence has been established. We found the strongest connection between the motivation factor of cultural intelligence and the main component that encompasses positive feelings, speaking foreign languages or opportunities abroad. In addition, the main components of success attitude are in a positive relationship not only with the motivational factor, but also with all the factors of cultural intelligence. Thus based on the research analysis, it can be claimed that motivation plays an important role in shaping cultural intelligence.
Decay Rates, Nitrogen Fluxes, and Decomposer Communiies of Single‐ and Mixed‐Species Foliar Litter

Decomposition rates, N fluxes, and abundances of decomposer organisms were quantified in mixed-species litterbags (containing leaves of two or three of the following tree species: Acer rubrum, Cornus florida, and Quercus prinus) and in litterbags containing leaves of a single species. Data from single-species litterbags were used to generate predicted decay rates, N fluxes, and abundances of decomposer organisms for mixed-species litter- bags, against which observed values could be compared to determine if significant inter- action effects occurred when litter of different species, and different resource quality, was mixed. Decay rates of-mixed-species litterbags during the 1-yr study were not significantly different than predicted from decay rates of individual component species. However, there were significant interaction effects on N fluxes and abundances of decomposer organisms. In the C. florida-A. rubrum and C. florida-A. rubrum-Q. prinus litter combinations there were significantly greater initial releases of N and lower subsequent N immobilization than predicted. In the A. rubrum-Q. prinus and C. florida-A. rubrum-Q. prinus litter combi- nations, lengths of fungal hyphae were significantly less than predicted on at least half the collection dates. Bacterial numbers in the mixed-litter combinations were also generally less than predicted. Nematode abundances, especially fungivores, were generally greater than predicted in mixed-species litterbags until the last sample date. Observed mean abun- dances of nematodes over all dates were 20-30% greater than predicted. Microarthropod abundances were more variable, but tended to be lower than predicted. Our results indicate that measurement of N flux in single-species litterbags may not reflect actual N flux in the field, where leaves of several tree species are mixed together. The differences in N flux between single- and mixed-species litterbags can affect ecosystem-level estimates of N release or accumulation in decomposing litter. For example, estimates of ecosystem-level N fluxes at our field site, based on data from single-species litterbags, resulted in a 64% underestimate of N released by day 75 and a 183% overestimate of N accumulated in the litter by day 375, relative to estimates based on data from mixed-species litterbags. We suggest that the deviation of observed N fluxes in mixed-species litterbags from those predicted using single-species litterbags are the result of differences in the decomposer community, such as lower microbial and microarthropod densities and higher nematode densities, resulting when litter of varied resource quality is mixed together. Longer term studies will be needed to determine if the differences between observed and predicted decomposer communities in mixed-species litter combinations influence the latter stages of decomposition where invertebrate-microbial interactions may have a greater effect on decay rates and nutrient release.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Oblique Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLLIF) is a novel operation for fusions of the lumbar spine from T12–S1. In OLLIF, the disk is approached from an oblique lateral angle guided by electrophysiological monitoring and biplanar fluoroscopy; the disk space is accessed through Kambin’s triangle. We present perioperative, clinical, patient-reported and radiological outcomes from a series of 303 OLLIF procedures on 568 levels performed by the same surgeon. For a single-level OLLIF, mean surgery time was 56.6 ± 37.7 minutes, with a blood loss of 42.2 ± 31.1 mL, fluoroscopy time of 198.8 ± 87.2 seconds and a hospital stay of 2.2 ± 1.7 days. At the one-year follow-up, 10-point pain scale scores improved from 8.6 ± 1.3 to 4.1 ± 3.0 (p < 0.001). Total Oswestry disability index score improved from 56.6% ± 15.3% to 38.6% ± 21.4% (p < 0.001). At the one-year follow-up, 15 (5%) patients had mild nerve root irritation defined as sensory symptoms and motor weakness better than 4/5. Only one patient had neuropraxia due to weakness (3/5). There was one case (0.3%) of superficial wound infection and one case of bleeding into the psoas major. Reoperation within one year was performed for 14 (4.7%) patients. Interbody fusion was achieved in 98.7% of levels. While OLLIF has previously been described, this study is the first to present clinical, patient-reported, and radiological outcomes of OLLIF. Review of the literature shows that OLLIF produces perioperative outcomes, complication rates, and fusion rates that compare favorably with similar procedures. We establish that OLLIF is a safe, efficient and efficacious procedure for fusions of the lumbar spine.
Sample of integrated labour market biographies (SIAB) 1975-2014

"The SIAB is produced at the Research Data Centre (FDZ) of the Federal Employment Agency (BA) at the IAB. The SIAB covers the employment histories of 1,757,925 individuals, and their employment biographies are documented in a total of 58,220,255 lines of data. This Datenreport describes the variables of the weakly anonymous version of the SIAB, which largely comprises the original data, i.e. data which have not undergone anonymisation processes. In order to protect the anonymity of the data subjects, some variables are classified as particularly sensitive and are only disclosed on submission of a special application (see Section 1.2). The Datenreport on the SIAB is structured as follows. Besides the introduction, Section 1 contains information on data access as well as an outline of the data, the volume structure and a list of variables. A description of the individual data sources can be found in Section 2. Data preparation and data quality are discussed in Sections 3 and 4, whilst the individual variables are described in Section 5. " (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) Additional Information deutschsprachige Version Auszahlungen frequencies and labels
Updates in head and neck cancer: one year in review

Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) encompass a heterogeneous group of tumors with a challenge treatment. In Brazil, HNSCC represent the third most frequent neoplasia in men. Aim: The aim of this study was to review the most relevant and practice changing articles recently published. Material and methods: The review of the literature covered studies published over the last year and described key evidence-based changes in treatment of HNSCC. Results: We retrieved nine studies with clinical impact. The main updates include: 1) systematic review in the treatment delivery time; 2) recommendations for the diagnosis of HPV oropharyngeal carcinoma; 3) guidelines for the delineation of target volumes in radiation therapy; 4) de-intensification of treatment in HPV positive oropharyngeal carcinoma; 5) induction chemotherapy; 6) immunotherapy. Conclusions: The treatment and diagnosis of HNSCC has changed over the last year, mainly with the inclusion of HPV positive oropharyngeal carcinoma and immunotherapy. ABSTRACT
Protein‐polysaccharide interactions: a new approach in food formulations

Summary Food is a complex and heterogeneous system containing many different chemical types and species. In a product consisting of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and electrolytes, the interactions among various constituents need to be well balanced so that a stable system evolves. Such interactions have become the subject of interest to many food scientists and technologists. One can find some interesting reviews dealing with these interactions and their role in food product development (Waugh, 1954; Gurd & Wilcox, 1956; Bettelheim-Jevons, 1958; Tolstoguzov et al., 1985). Polysaccharides, irrespective of their concentration, play a key role in determining food texture. Thickening, gelling and general hydrocolloid action are the most important, well recognized and widely used properties of polysaccharides in food product development. the charged polysaccharides have a special ability to interact with other food components such as other polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and modify properties of foods (Steinhardt & Beychok, 1964; Blanshard, 1982; Keeney, 1982). In the present context, emphasis is given to protein-polysaccharide interactions, their nature and effects in modifying properties of foods.
CookieArmor: Safeguarding against cross‐site request forgery and session hijacking

Internet browsers use cookies and session‐IDs for maintaining HTTP state information which has led to several security vulnerabilities such as cross‐site request forgery (CSRF) and session hijacking. Several works have been carried out in the past to address these threats and most of these works propose an additional layer between the client‐server communication architecture. While some solutions propose this layer at the client side, others propose it at the server side. This work proposes an efficient client‐side proxy named CookieArmor for addressing the threat of CSRF and cross‐site scripting (XSS). CookieArmor is a two‐token selective CSRF prevention mechanism with restricted relaxation for cross‐origin request. CookieArmor determines whether a script is capable of performing state changing operations and safeguards only such scripts using a two‐token CSRF prevention scheme. CookieArmor uses active Session‐ID filtering to safeguards against session hijacking. CookieArmor also uses quotient‐filter between the proxy and its internal database for improving the performance. Efficiency of CookieArmor demonstrates significant improvement than other solutions.
Assessment of Agricultural Drainage Pipe Conditions Using Ground Penetrating Radar

Farmers and land improvement contractors, especially in the Midwest U.S., need methods to not only locate buried agricultural drainage pipe, but also to determine if the pipes are functioning properly with respect to water delivery. Previous investigations have already demonstrated the feasibility of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to find agricultural drainage pipes, so the primary focus of this research project was to determine if GPR can provide additional insight into the condition of subsurface drainage pipes. Ground penetrating radar surveys using 250 MHz transmitter/receiver antennas were conducted at a specially designed field test plot under drained, moderately wet soil conditions (water table below drain lines) and undrained, extremely wet soil conditions (water table above drain lines). The test plot contained four drain lines, one open to flow and comprised of clay tile along part of its length with the rest constructed of corrugated plastic tubing (CPT); one comprised of CPT with an isolated obstruction near the midpoint, preventing through-flow of water; one comprised of CPT but filled with soil; and one comprised of CPT but severed near its midpoint, producing a partial obstruction to water flow. Subsequent GPR computer simulations were employed to assist with interpretation of GPR data obtained from the test plot. Results of the GPR field surveys indicate that given suitable shallow hydrologic conditions, GPR can determine the position along a drain line where there is an isolated obstruction that completely blocks the flow of water. However, an obstruction that only partially limits water flow through the drain line will be difficult to locate using GPR. Surprisingly, the soil-filled drain line was clearly detectable under drained, moderately wet and undrained, extremely wet soil conditions. The GPR computer simulations indicate that soil had likely settled within the initially soil-filled pipe, and that the GPR responses obtained at the test plot for the soil-filled pipe were responses representative of a pipe that was in fact only partially filled with soil. Overall, these research results provide valuable information for those contemplating the use of GPR to locate agricultural drainage pipes and then determine their functionality.