Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Städte des Globalen Südens im Fokus von Klima- und Entwicklungsfinanz

Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die Verschiebung von Finanzialisierungsprozessen unter dem Vorzeichen von klima- und entwicklungspolitischen Agenden auf das Terrain der Stadt. Mit der Fokussierung von Finanzmärkten auf ökologisch nachhaltige Projekte sowie deren Involvierung in entwicklungspolitische Handlungsstrategien hat sich das Engagement von Finanzmärkten nicht nur sektoral, sondern auch geographisch verbreitet und vertieft. Die globale Governance von Klima- und Entwicklungspolitik zielt verstärkt auf Städte in sogenannten „emerging markets“. Die damit einhergehenden organisatorischen, diskursiven und regulativen Verschiebungen werden in kritischen Teilen der Wirtschaftsgeographie (Bracking 2015a; Ouma/Johnson/Bigger 2018), der Entwicklungsforschung (Mader 2017; Mawdsley 2018) und der Nachhaltigkeitsforschung (Asiyanbi 2017) randständig auch ihrer städtischen Dimension diskutiert. Die neue Bedeutung der Stadt als Akteur, Objekt und Ort von klima- und entwicklungspolitischen Interventionen, die auf Vertiefung und Ausweitung von Kapitalflüssen aufbauen, ist jedoch in gegenwärtigen stadtpolitischen und Stadtforschungsdebatten noch nicht ausreichend erfasst. Ziel unseres Beitrags ist es, die beschriebenen Entwicklungen nachzuzeichnen und ihre Wirkung im Kontext finanzialisierter Stadtentwicklungsdynamiken herauszuarbeiten. Theoretisch nehmen wir Bezug auf Ansätze der politischen Ökonomie und politischen Ökologie, um zu beleuchten, inwiefern die Verknüpfung von klima- und entwicklungspolitischen Agenden auf dem Terrain der Stadt Prozesse der Reregulierung, Disziplinierung und Entpolitisierung befördert. Abschließend leiten wir daraus eine Agenda für zukünftige Forschung ab.
Climatological‐Scale Analysis of Intensive and Semi‐intensive Aerosol Parameters Derived From AERONET Retrievals Over the Arctic

We investigated the climatological‐scale, monthly binned, seasonal variation of AERONET/Dubovik retrievals across six stations in the North American and European Arctic (multiyear sampling periods ranging from 8 to 17 years). A robust, spring‐to‐summer (StoS) increase in the radius of the peak of the fine mode (FM) component of the particle size distribution (PSD) was observed for five of the six stations. The FM aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the FM effective radius at the individual stations showed, respectively, a negligible to moderate StoS decrease and a significant increase. This was interpreted as a trade‐off between the waning influence of smaller FM Arctic haze aerosols and the increasing influence of large FM smoke particles. A springtime, pan‐Arctic PSD peak in the 1.3 μm coarse mode (CM) bin was attributed to Asian dust. It was suggested that the increase in amplitude of a second (4–7 μm) CM peak from July to August at the low‐elevation coastal sites was influenced by wind‐induced sea salt. The CM AOD went through a StoS decrease attributed to the decreasing amplitude of the 1.3 μm peak. A significant StoS CM effective radius increase was ascribed to the decreasing influence of the 1.3 μm peak. StoS FM fraction increases were largely due to the decrease of the CM AOD (decreasing influence of springtime Asian dust). This extensive and intensive climatology of remotely sensed, bimodal properties will, we believe, provide an important reference for future measurements and modeling of Arctic aerosols.
Q-Learning based Maximum Power Extraction for Wind Energy Conversion System With Variable Wind Speed

This paper presents an intelligent wind speed sensor less maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for a variable speed wind energy conversion system (VS-WECS) based on a Q-Learning algorithm. The Q-Learning algorithm consists of Q-values for each state action pair which is updated using reward and learning rate. Inputs to define these states are electrical power received by grid and rotational speed of the generator. In this paper, Q-Learning is equipped with peak detection technique, which drives the system towards peak power even if learning is incomplete which makes the real time tracking faster. To make the learning uniform, each state has its separate learning parameter instead of common learning parameter for all states as is the case in conventional Q-Learning. Therefore, if half learned system is running at peak point, it does not affect the learning of unvisited states. Also, wind speed change detection is combined with proposed algorithm which makes it eligible to work for varying wind speed conditions. In addition, the information of wind turbine characteristics and wind speed measurement is not needed. The algorithm is verified through simulations and experimentation and also compared with perturbation and observation (P&O) algorithm.
Rapid Detection of Fumonisin B1 in Corn-Based Food by Competitive Direct Dipstick Enzyme Immunoassay/Enzyme-Linked Immunofiltration Assay with Integrated Negative Control Reaction

Membrane-based competitive enzyme immunoassays (EIA) in dipstick and immunofiltration (ELIFA) format for the detection of fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) were developed. A nylon membrane was coated with anti-FB 1 antibodies and with anti-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) antibodies. A FB 1 -HRP conjugate was used both as the labeled antigen for competitive assay of FB 1 and for noncompetitive binding to the anti-HRP antibodies (negative control). Both tests had visual detection limits for FB 1 in the range of 7.5-10 ng/mL (buffer solutions) and 40-60 ng/g (corn-based food samples). The tests were applied to corn-based food samples, and the results were compared with those of microtiter plate EIA and high-performance liquid chromatography. With assay times of 60 min (dipsticks) and 10 min (ELIFA), these rapid tests should be useful to qualitatively detect FB 1 in corn-based foods.
Toward new paradigms in coastal resource management: Linkages and institutional effectiveness

Explosive population growth is expected to continue in coastal regions, and growth rates many times the national average are expected in many coastal counties in the next two decades. Most shallow-water marine habitats now exhibit “stress” from human activities and linkages between adverse environmental impacts and coastal development are apparent. These linkages are complex, often not well understood, yet are expected to increase in strength as coastal populations expand. Sound science-based management strategies are essential if we are to preclude continued deterioration of coastal environments. Environmental management is a politically mediated activity, however, and a broad array of organizations, both public and private, collectively determine societal response to management decisions. While our current regulatory infrastructure has an examplary record of achievement in environmental protection, the fact remains that adverse impacts to shallow-water marine habitats continue at significant rates. Both lack of scientific information and structural problems in our current institutional infrastructure are identified as impediments to better management performance for coastal habitats. Seven structural impediments to efficient science-based management in our current institutional infrastructure are identified. The issues are complex and comprehensive reform is politically difficult. Nonetheless, the magnitude, geographic scale, and temporal urgency of anticipated impacts from future growth and development scenarios argues strongly for the implementation of sound practical solutions to environmental protection on a sustained basis. Factors affecting management performance will also be amplified in an environment of limited investment in research and management infrastructure. Among the central themes are that science-based management practices in the future will require holistic approaches in which environment and economic development are inseparable. To work effectively large-scale, regional management schemes must build political consensus and integrate knowledge at unprecedented rates. Processes that increase rates of dissemination of scientific information into the public policy arena can significantly enhance management performance. Serious doubts are raised as to whether the current regulatory infrastructure can adequately respond to the complexicty, scale, and urgency future coastal management will demand. While comprehensive institutional reform will be difficult, a number of ideas are advanced in the context of improving institutional performance to a level necessary for large-scale, sustained management of coastal ecosystems.
Protocol-Independent Service Queue Isolation for Multi-Queue Data Centers

To isolate service queues in switch ports, recent solutions leverage the power of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN). However, this causes a fundamental dependency on ECN-based transport protocols, making it hard to use generic transport protocols. To this end, we design DynaQ, a protocol-independent multi-queue management solution that enables service queue isolation with generic transport protocols. DynaQ dynamically adjusts the packet dropping threshold of service queues. Our solution is inexpensive to implement on hardware. Through extensive testbed experiments and large-scale simulations, we show that compared to alternative schemes, DynaQ is the only solution that achieves work-conserving weighted fair sharing and low latency without protocol dependency.
Factors Related toThe Incidence of Nutritional Deficiencies in Children Under Five

Kasus kekurangan gizi untuk balita dapat disebabkan oleh kemiskinan, persediaan makanan, sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk, kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang nutrisi, daerah dengan kekurangan iodium dan penyakit menular. Hasil penimbangan di posyandu Desa Sekip, Kecamatan Lubuk Pakam, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, menunjukkan bahwa dari 1.712 anak di bawah lima tahun dengan cakupan berat 1.404 anak di bawah lima tahun (82%), 1.372 di antaranya ( 80,1%) memiliki gizi yang baik, 339 di antaranya (19,8%) memiliki kekurangan gizi, dan 1 di antaranya (0,06%) memiliki kekurangan gizi. Berdasarkan hal ini, perlu dilakukan analisis hubungan antara karakteristik dan faktor pengasuhan dengan jumlah gizi buruk pada anak-anak di daerah tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu dengan balita sebanyak 1.712 orang dan sampel total 100 orang. Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Metode analisis data dengan univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji statistik chi square pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara karakteristik ibu pendidikan, pendapatan, pengetahuan, dan faktor pengasuhan tentang praktik pemberian makan dan praktik kesehatan dengan kejadian gizi buruk pada balita. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa balita yang mengalami kekurangan gizi disebabkan oleh pendidikan, pendapatan dan pengetahuan yang rendah serta pola makan dan pola kesehatan yang buruk.
Effects of inorganic sediment and food concentrations on energetic processes of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha : implications for growth in turbid rivers

We examined the effects of inorganic suspended sediment (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg ·L-1) and food concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 mg particulate organic matter (POM) ·L-1) on clearance, ingestion, respiration, feces, and pseudofeces production rates and assimilation efficiencies of adult zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) under laboratory conditions at 20 ± 1°C. Food quality indices (the proportion of inorganic to organic material in feeding suspensions = IO ratios) ranged from 0.304 to 63.04. Suspended inorganic sediment above 1 mg ·L-1 greatly reduced clearance rates, ingestion rates, and assimilation efficiencies of zebra mussels, and ingestion of POM was maintained only at high food concentrations. Pseudofeces were produced copiously by zebra mussels in the 100 mg ·L-1 sediment treatment, and there appeared to be an increased metabolic cost associated with pseudofeces production. Declining food quality caused exponential declines in clearance, ingestion, and absorption rates, water processing potential.
Diel Changes in Resource Demand: Competition and Predation in Species Replacement among Crayfishes

With laboratory experiments and field surveys, we examine community—structuring mechanisms in a system undergoing invasion. Orconectes rusticus, an invading crayfish species, is replacing O. propinquus and O. Virilis in northern Wisconsin lakes. We test the hypothesis that periodicity of species interactions influences invasion success. Specifically, we test whether the intensity of interspecific competition varies on a diel cycle as a function of predation risk from visually feeding fishes. We tested for competitive exclusion in experimental pools (1.4 m in diameter) by determining habitat use of the three crayfishes in single—0 and three—species treatments. The pools contained equal area habitats of cobble, open sand, macrophytes in organic sediments (muck), and macrophytes in sand. In single—species treatments, all three species preferred cobble habitat during the day with a secondary preference for muck—macrophyte habitat. In three—species relative to single—species pools, O. rusticus increased daytime use of cobble habitat while O. virilis and O. propinquus reduced use of cobble and increased use of muck—macrophyte and sand—macrophyte habitats, respectively. Crayfish were evenly distributed among habitats at night. All three crayfishes altered habitat use between night and day, consistent with the need to forage at night and seek refuge from predation during the day. Results of a laboratory experiment giving crayfish the choice of feeding in the open or hiding in clean cobble in the presence and absence of a predator showed that crayfish chose habitat on the basis of food availability when predation risk was low and on the basis of shelter availability when risk was high. Data from experiments were consistent with habitat use observed in single— and mixed—species lakes, supporting our hypothesis that the interaction of competition with diel fluctuations in predation risk contributes to the ongoing O. rusticus invasion.
Pollination biology, seed production, and population structure in queen-of-the-prairie, Filipendula rubra (Rosaceae) at Botkin Fen, Missouri

Queen-of-the-prairie, Filipendula rubra (Rosaceae), is a perennial, rhizomatous herb restricted to calcareous fens, spring seeps, and wet prairies, and is distributed in the northcentral United States from Iowa to New York. Because of the scarcity of adequate habitat, F. rubra is a rare and endangered species in several states. At Botkin Fen and other fens in Missouri, F. rubra possesses limited sexual reproduction. A study was conducted to determine causal mechanisms of its limited seed production that may be barriers to establishing this rare and endangered species in other fens in Missouri. A genetic-ecological hypothesis was supported. F. rubra was found to be self-incompatible. At Botkin Fen, most inflorescences produced very few seeds because most (85.4%) belonged to a single clone. Pollinators (Lassioglossum sp.) had a high probability oftransporting pollen with the same self-incompatibility alleles. A few genetically different clones did produce significant quantities of seed. However, this seed, with its significant pool of genetic variability, was not recruited into the population. Apparently, competition from the dense sedges and grasses prevented the establishment of new seedlings.
Unravelling the taxonomic identity of Ophiothela Verrill, 1867 (Ophiuroidea) along the Brazilian coast

Abstract Since 2012, when Ophiothela was first described in the Atlantic, there has been no consensus regarding its identification. It has been described as O. mirabilis, O. cf. mirabilis, O. danae, or only Ophiothela sp. In order to fill these gaps, our aim was to test if specimens from Brazil are Ophiothela mirabilis and/or Ophiothela danae. Syntypes from the Museum of Comparative Zoology and United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, were used. We examined species boundaries of the small six-rayed brittle star Ophiothela using independent character sets utilizing morphology (external morphology and morphometry) and molecular data (16S and COI). Concordance was found between the analyses indicating that Ophiothela sp. from Brazil (BR), Ophiothela mirabilis and Ophiothela danae are closely related. We suggest that O. danae should be considered as a junior synonym of O. mirabilis. A detailed description of O. mirabilis BR is presented using external morphology and microstructural ossicles (arm plates, vertebra, dental and oral plates). This description includes new diagnostic features, particularly regarding its microstructures: (i) transspondylous articulation (first record in Ophiotrichidae); (ii) eight smooth knobs on the dorsal surface of the vertebrae (to date only in Ophiothela); (iii) vertebrae with distal keel divided into two separate end processes matching the two large dorsal grooves proximally (first time in the literature); and (iv) an opening on both sides of the oral plate (as seen in other fissiparous species Ophiactis savignyi and Ophiocomella ophiactoides).
Synthesis of Novel Benzoxazinone Compounds as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Abstract Two benzoxazinone compounds as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors were synthesized and characterized by NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). An efficient chlorination method was introduced in the synthesis of 4-chloro-2-oxo-2H-benzoxazinone-6-yl acetate. The inhibition activities of the target compounds and the important intermediates for EGFR tyrosine kinase activity in vitro were determined. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Leakage of Intracellular Substances from Alfalfa Roots at Various Subfreezing Temperatures

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) freezing tolerance is often determined by measuring leakage of electrolytcs from root tissue subjected to only one subfreezing temperature, -8 o C. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a wide range of subfreezing temperatures on the leakage of intracellular substances from very cold-hardy (Heinrichs and Vernal) and less cold-hardy (5432 and Nitro) alfalfa cultivars. Roots of all cultivars were tested in late autumn of the seeding year and subjected to seven subfreezing temperatures, from -4 to -16 o C
Paper-Based Sensors for Point-of-Care Kidney Function Monitoring

The ratio of protein to creatinine (PCR) in urine is a measure of kidney health of a human body. We report the development of a point-of-care (POC) kidney function test (KFT) kit, which is composed of a paper-based PCR sensor, an opto-electrochemical measurement unit, a display, and a facility to transfer data to a smartphone. For the total protein sensor, the pieces of filter papers were coated with a mixture of alcoholic bromophenol blue and citric buffer leading to a chrome-yellow coloration. While for the creatinine sensor the papers were coated with alkaline picrate solution leading to a lemon-yellow coloration of the surface. Dispensing protein (creatinine) solution of known concentration on the respective sensors led to the conversion of chrome-yellow to bluish-green coloration (lemon-yellow to orange coloration) for the total protein (creatinine) sensor. The intensity of such colorations varied with the concentration of the analytes in the solutions. The variations in the intensities of colors with analyte concentration were quantified by integrating a light emitting diode (LED) at one side of each sensor and a light intensity sensor (LIS) on the other side. The intensity of the transmitted rays, passing through the sensors, was found to vary the electrical output of the LIS monotonically with the loading of the total protein or creatinine in the analyte. This helped in obtaining the calibration plots for the PCR sensors. Further, the sensors were employed for the on-spot detection of the unknown PCR in the real human urine samples.
Weaving reflection, action, and knowledge creation: lived experience as a catalyst into the cycle of praxis for community development

Community Development (CD) scholars have called for a more robust engagement of the interplay of values, practices and knowledge creation (e.g., Crowley, 2018; Hustedde, 1998; Peterson and Knopf, 2016; Talmage et al., 2017; Westoby, 2016). As Bhattacharyya (2004) notes, CD is a teleological practice. Much like Public Education and Social Entrepreneurship, CD as a practice is based on an aspirational future social order (Bhattacharyya, 2004) and therefore requires its practitioners to articulate the future they hope to bring about (Bhattacharyya, 2004; Peterson, 2016). Any such articulation must include a discussion of values (Crowley, 2018). Niall Crowley at the 2018 World Community Development Conference in Maynooth, Ireland conveyed the need for CD to be values-led (Crowley, 2018). He described values as ideals that are important to scholars and practitioners. These values can be personal and institutional, dictating what scholars and practitioners prioritize, engage and oppose. He also expressed that values are under pressure, as many scholars and practitioners must deal with challenges such as funder demands and regimes, current public discourse and overall stagnation. Still, he emphasized that values can encourage innovation and engagement in CD as a field and practice. Community Development is the means by which adherents hope to achieve their aspirational future order. In this light, Welzel, Inglehart and Deutsch (2005) highlight “It is the values to which an activity is tied, not the activity as such that makes a society civic” (p. 140). Discussion of a specific approach to practicing CD should offer an outline of the way values are mobilized in pursuit of the envisioned future (Crowley, 2018; Peterson and Knopf, 2016; Peterson, 2016). Reflection on the values behind a given approach becomes praxis when that reflection intentionally interacts with action to create new knowledge – including a new understanding of a group or individual’s capacity and self-story. That new knowledge informs the evolution of the teleological vision and the future intentional reflection and action taken in its pursuit (Peterson and Knopf, 2016; Peterson, 2016). The lived experience of community members is a rich source for understanding their collective behavior as it reveals a community’s collective self-perception, self-story and self-image (Bergdall, 2003). Storytelling has been shown to be a catalytic act for enhancing community participation in community building activities (Pstross et al., 2014), an emancipative expression of agency that signifies commitment to solidarity within a community (Talmage et al., 2017), and a methodological vehicle for understanding sense-making and action-taking in a CD environment (Peterson, 2016; Peterson and Knopf, 2016).
Relationship between macronutrient intake and physical activity with fitness on employees in Pandeglang Hospital

Several factors related to fitness are nutritional status, level of physical activity, intake of macronutrients, genetic makeup, age, sex, health status. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the level of energy sufficiency and macronutrients, the level of physical activity with the level of fitness in Pandeglang District Hospital employees. The study design was crosssectional with 75 respondents and used a chi-square analysis test. There is no relationship between the level of energy sufficiency, the level of protein sufficiency, the level of fat sufficiency, and the level of carbohydrate adequacy (p>0,05) with the fitness level of employees of Pandeglang District Hospital. There is a relationship between physical activity (p=0,000) with the fitness level of employees of Pandeglang District Hospital. Employees who have a sufficient level of energy and macronutrients have fewer fitness levels. Employees who have a mild level of physical activity tend to have less fitness. So it is necessary to monitor food intake and the level of physical activity on employees.