Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calcium-dependent protein phosphorylation in hairy roots of Daucus carota

In vitro protein phosphorylation in soluble fractions (85,000×g supernatant) prepared from carrot hairy roots, which were induced by inoculation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes harboring the Ri plasmid, was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. The autoradiograms indicated that at least four proteins, with molecular masses of 65, 57.5, 52, and 38 kDa, were phosphorylated. The presence of Ca2+ enhanced the phosphorylation of the 65, 57.5, and 52 kDa proteins, but the presence of both Ca2+ and calmodulin did not enhance phosphorylation as much as Ca2+ alone. W-7 strongly inhibited the phosphorylation of the 65, 57.5, and 52 kDa proteins while W-5 mildly inhibited the phosphorylation of these proteins. The extent of phosphorylation of these proteins and the growth rate of the hairy roots became higher with increasing incubation temperature. W-7 had a considerable inhibitory effect on the growth of hairy roots, W-5 had a weak inhibitory effect on the growth of the roots, and a high concentration of TMB-8 inhibited growth. These results suggest that the 65, 57.5, and 52 kDa proteins are phosphorylated by CDPK and that the phosphorylation is connected with the increase in growth of carrot hairy roots.
Purification and characterization of an extracellular mutanase from Trichoderma harzianum

Trichoderma harzianum (CCM F-470) was found to produce large amounts of extracellular mutanase (0.33 U ml−1, 1.85 U mg protein−1) when grown aerobically on the optimized mutan medium in fermenter culture with an automatic pH control. The mutanase from this source was purified to homogeneity by a rapid procedure, using ion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and chromatofocusing. The enzyme was recovered with a 94-fold increase in specific activity and a yield of 73%. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme proved to be 67 kDa, as estimated by SDS-PAGE, and to be 274 kDa, as determined by size-exclusion HPLC. These results indicate that the native mutanase is probably a tetramer protein. The isoelectric point was at 7.11, and the carbohydrate content in the purified enzyme was 4.42%. The pH and temperature optima were 5.5 and 40°C, respectively. The enzyme remained stable over a pH range of 4.5-6.0 and up to 35° for 1 h. The values of Km and Vmax under standard assay conditions were 1.2 × 10−3 g ml−1 and 8.48 × 10−2 U mg−1, respectively.
ON THE ECOLOGY OF SHORT‐LIVED FORBS IN CHALK GRASSLANDS: SEMELPARITY AND SEED OUTPUT OF SOME SPECIES IN RELATION TO VARIOUS LEVELS OF NUTRIENT SUPPLY

Summary An experiment was set up in order to investigate semelparity and seed output of Daucus carota L. , Linum catharticum L. , Picris hieracioides L. and Scabiosa columbaria L. in relation to various levels of nutrient supply. Some plants of Daucus carota and Scabiosa columbaria were found to flower within one growing season, when nutrient supply was at its highest, whereas the other species did not flower. In the second growing season almost all plants receiving a maximum supply of nutrients flowered and produced seeds. In Linum catharticum flowering plants were recorded in all treatments. The reproductive plants of all species died after seed shedding, except those of Picris hieracioides and Scabiosa columbaria under high nutrient conditions which formed lateral shoots. These plants survived and were iteroparous. Seeds produced early in the fruiting period were most numerous and heaviest in the treatments with highest levels of fertilization. In Daucus and Scabiosa a positive linear relationship between seed weight and germination success was found. Thus, the plants grown under the highest nutrient supply conditions showed the highest seed output in all species, although this was less clear m Linum. The significance of these results for the field situation is discussed.
Gradients of Forage Biomass and Ungulate Use Near Wildlife Water Developments

Abstract The addition of wildlife water developments (i.e., catchments) to arid areas may concentrate foraging by desert ungulates and decrease forage availability near catchments. We looked for gradients in forage biomass and use by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) along dry riparian streams near catchments. We measured forage biomass and pellet group density in transects following vegetation along edges of desert washes near catchments and in control washes with catchments >3 km away. Ungulate use, as reflected by pellet group density, was greatest in washes with catchments in place >3 years. There was some evidence for a gradient in pellet density in spring (slope = −0.012, P = 0.088) and summer (slope = −0.013, P = 0.015), and for differences between catchment and control transects in all seasons (13–46 pellet groups/ha, P ≤ 0.077). We found no evidence of an effect of catchments on forage biomass in nearby washes: we detected no gradient in forage biomass nor an overall difference between washes with catchments and those without (P > 0.15). Desert ungulates used washes near catchments in our study area but had minimal effects on nearby vegetation.
Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of Seaweeds in Murine Macrophage

The effect of 4 seaweed extracts (Desmarestia viridis, Dictyopteris divaricata, Scytosiphon lomentaria, and Ishige okamurae) on pro-inflammatory mediators as well as nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the stimulated Raw 264.7 cells was investigated. They reduced iNOS and interlukin (IL)-1β expressions at transcription level. Of those, 3 extracts (D. divaricata, I. okamurae, and S. lomentaria) inhibited the COX-2 expression at translation level. IκB-α degradation was inhibited by D. divaricata and S. lomentaria extracts. Therefore, we concluded that the extracts from D. divaricata and S. lomentaria could inhibit the activation of murine macrophage through the blocking of NF-κB activation.
Molecular diagnosis of enterovirus infections in Chungnam Korea in 2010

The epidemiological data of enteroviruses isolated in Chungnam, Korea since 2005 has been reported, and this current study extends these observations in 2010. During this period, 178 of the total 920 samples (19.3%) were positive for enterovirus, and the types were identified using nucleotide sequence analysis in VP1. The temporal distribution was similar to previously reported data, however, coxsackievirus A6 and coxsackievirus B5 showed different patterns in detail. Children aged < 1 year accounted for 89 (50%) of the total 178 isolates. Most coxsackievirus A6, coxsackievirus A9 and enterovirus 71 isolates were identified in children < 5, < 6 and < 4 years old, respectively. CVB5 was distributed evenly in children < 7 years old. Enterovirus serotypes were identified by sequence determination of the VP1 region, which resolved the isolated enteroviruses into 16 types in 2010; coxsackievirus A4, A5, A6, A9, A10, A12, A16, B2, B3, B4, B5, echovirus 17, 18, 25, 30 and enterovirus 71. The prevalent enterovirus types were coxsackievirus A6 (14.6%), B5 (15.7%), and enterovirus 71 (15.7%). This is the first time E17 has been identified in Korea since surveillance began in 1993. The presentations of enterovirus-infected patients were respiratory illness (30.3%), septicemia (19.7%), central nervous system infections (16.3%), gastrointestinal infections (11.2%), herpangina or hand-foot-mouth disease (10.7%), and genitourinary (5.6%). Key words: Enterovirus, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), epidemiology, molecular type.
Aryl Sulfonates in Inversions at Secondary Carbohydrate Hydroxyl Groups: A New and Improved Route Toward 3-Azido-3-deoxy-β-d-galactopyranosides

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT A method of using benzenesulfonates and imidazylates as leaving groups at the secondary C3 galactopyranose carbon, instead of the commonly used less stable triflate leaving group, to facilitate scale-up and improve reproducibility is disclosed. The benzenesulfonates and imidazylates were proven to be significantly more stable than the corresponding triflates and the method was used to devise an improved route toward 3-azido-3-deoxy-β-d-galactopyranosides.
CONSERVAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS DA PODA DE OLIVEIRAS NA FORMA DE SILAGEM

Por meio de um delineamento inteiramente casualizado procedeu-se a caracterizacao nutricional de residuos da poda de oliveiras mantidos in natura ou conservados na forma de silagens durante 110 e 150 dias. Estudou-se o perfil fermentativo por meio da determinacao do conteudo de materia seca (MS), pH e nitrogenio amoniacal (N-NH 3 ). A MS elevou-se de 487 para 535 g kg -1 com a ensilagem, enquanto o pH nao foi afetado pela ensilagem (4,77) e o N-NH 3 elevou-se de 5,24 para 6,09% do nitrogenio total. No perfil microbiologico estudaram-se as populacoes de fungos filamentosos, Lactobacillus , enterobacterias e Clostridium , que apresentaram aumento com a ensilagem. No perfil bromatologico determinou-se os conteudos de cinzas, materia orgânica (MO), proteina bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente acido (FDA), lignina, celulose e hemicelulose. Destes, apenas os conteudos de cinzas, MO, FDA e celulose foram afetados pelos tratamentos, sem efeitos para PB (81 g kg -1 ) e FDN (679 g kg -1 ). Residuos da poda de oliveiras podem ser conservados na forma de silagem por 110 ou 150 dias e possuem perfil bromatologico que sugere a possibilidade de sua utilizacao em dietas de ruminantes, porem, os limites de inclusao somente poderao ser determinados por meio de novos estudos.
Case Study: Synchronization of Estrus and Fertility in Gilts Administered P.G. 600® After Treatment with Regu-mate® for 14 or 18 Days

The objective was to determine the effects of duration of progestin exposure prior to gonadotropin treatment on the synchronization of estrus and fertility in gilts. Gilts were fed daily a complete diet containing 15 mg Regu-mate® (Intervet America Inc., Millsboro, DE) for 14 (n = 19) or 18 (n = 18) d. Twenty-four hours after the last feeding of Regu-mate®, all gilts received an i.m. injection of P.G. 600® [400IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and 200 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG); Intervet America Inc.]. Gilts were bred artificially 12 and 24 h after first detection of standing estrus. More 18-d (33.3%) than 14-d treated gilts (5.3%) were in estrus on the peak day (d 4.0) after P.G. 600® injection (P=0.02). The percentage of gilts displaying estrus < 7 d after P. G. 600® injection was greater (P=0.06) for the 18-d treatment (88.9%) than for the 14-d treatment (63.2%). Farrowing rate tended to be greater (P=0.17) for gilts exposed to Regu-mate® for 18 d (75%) compared with 14 d (50%). Total pigs born (P=0.43), pigs born live (P=0.63), stillborns (P=0.62), and total litter weight (P=0.52) were similar between groups. The number of mummified fetuses tended to be higher (P=0.11) for gilts in the 18-d treatment group (0.8 ± 0.2) compared with the 14-d treatment group (0.2 ± 0.3). In summary, the precision of estrus synchronization and reproduction was greater in gilts given P.G. 600® after 18 d compared with 14-d Regu-mate® treatment.
Large losses of soil C and N from soil profiles under pasture in New Zealand during the past 20 years

The conversion of two‐thirds of New Zealand's native forests and grasslands to agriculture has followed trends in other developed nations, except that pastoral grazing rather than cropping dominates agriculture. The initial conversion of land to pasture decreased soil acidity and elevated N and P stocks, but caused little change in soil organic C stocks. However, less is known about C and nutrient stock changes during the last two decades under long‐term pastoral management. We resampled 31 whole soil profiles in pastures spanning seven soil orders with a latitudinal range of 36–46°S, which had originally been sampled 17–30 years ago. We measured total C, total N, and bulk density for each horizon (generally to 1 m) and also reanalyzed archived soil samples of the same horizons for C and N. On average, profiles had lost significant amounts of C (− 2.1 kg C m−2) and N (− 0.18 kg N m−2) since initial sampling. Assuming a continuous linear decline in organic matter between sampling dates, significant losses averaged 106 g C m−2 yr−1 (P=0.01) and 9.1 g N m−2 yr−1 (P=0.002). Removal of C through leaching and erosion appears too small to explain these losses, suggesting losses from respiration exceed the inputs of photosynthate in the soil profile. These results emphasize that resampling soil profiles provide a robust method for detecting soil C changes, and add credence to the suggestion that soil C losses may be occurring in some temperate soil profiles. Further work is required to determine whether these losses are continuing and how losses might be extrapolated across landscapes to determine the implications for New Zealand's national CO2 emissions and the sustainability of the implied rates of soil N loss.
New Observations on a Rare Physonect Siphonophore, Lychnagalma Utricularia (Claus, 1879)

A rare physonect siphonophore, Lychnagalma utricularia (Claus, 1879), is redescribed from 24 specimens collected in the region of the Bahamas by the submersible D.S. R.V. ‘Johnson-Sea-Link II’. It was the most common siphonophore collected by the submersible, using its sophisticated sampling techniques. The paucity of previous records for the species, and thus its apparent rarity, is probably due to the extreme fragility of the animals which causes them to disintegrate on contact with nets. The status of the second species, L. vesicularia Haeckel, 1888, is reviewed and it is concluded that it should be reduced to a junior synonym of L. utricularia.
(—)‐Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) prevents isoprenaline‐induced cardiac toxicity by stabilizing cardiac marker enzymes and membrane‐bound ATPases

Intake of tea flavonoids has been reported to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease. The present study was undertaken to investigate the preventive effect of (—)epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on heart weight, cardiac marker enzymes, membrane‐bound ATPases and electrolytes in isoprenaline (ISO)‐induced myocardial infarcted (MI) Wistar rats. Rats subcutaneously administered ISO 100 mgkg−1 at intervals of 24 h for 2 days resulted in significant increases in heart weight and the activities of cardiac marker enzymes such as creatine kinase, creatine kinase‐MB, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase in serum, and significant decreases in the activities of these enzymes in the myocardium. ISO injection also increased levels of LDH isoenzymes (LDH 1 and LDH 2). The activity of Na+/K+ ATPase was decreased significantly and the activities of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPases were increased significantly in ISO‐induced MI rats. Furthermore, the levels of potassium were lowered and the levels of sodium and calcium were increased in ISO‐induced MI rats. Prior treatment with EGCG (10, 20 and 30 mgkg−1) daily for a period of 21 days reduced the effects of ISO on heart weight, activities of cardiac marker enzymes and membrane bound‐ATPases and levels of LDH 1 and LDH 2 and electrolytes. Thus, EGCG exhibits beneficial effects on these enzymes and electrolytes. The observed effects may be due to the antioxidant and membrane‐stabilizing effects of EGCG in ISO‐induced MI rats.
Growth of indigenous lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum-pentosus T14 and Lactobacillus plantarum-pentosus T35 in kerandang (Canavalia virosa) milk and changes of raffinose

Aims: Kerandang (Canavalia virosa) beans are good source of protein, yet predominantly kerandang foods are not widely accepted mainly because of their beany flavour the belief that they cause flatulence. The objectives of this research were to evaluate of viability of lactic acid bacteria from Indonesia indigenous fermented food in kerandang milk and its ability to metabolize indigestible oligossacharide raffinose. Methodology and results: Two strains of Indonesia indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB), namely Lactobacillus plantarum-pentosus T14 and Lactobacillus plantarum-pentosus T35 were used for fermentation of kerandang milk. The results showed that all strains of lactic acid bacteria possess the ability to grow and produce of lactic acid in kerandang milk, indicated that total acid (TA) increase, pH decrease and their counts of LAB increase during fermentation period (024 h). The two strains of lactic acid bacteria were also able to metabolize raffinose into simple sugar (sucrose, glucose, fructose and galactose) during fermentation at 37 °C, however the raffinose transformation by L. plantarum-pentosus T14 more ability than L. plantarum-pentosus T35. The metabolism of raffinose during fermentation by L. plantarumpentosus T14 and L. plantarum-pentosus T35 were 98.23% and 48.98%, respectively. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Kerandang milk fermented by lactic acid bacteria can decrease of saccharide raffinose cause of flatulence. Thus, lactic fermented of kerandang milk be safer for consumption.
LETHAL HIGH TEMPERATURES FOR THREE MARINE INVERTEBRATES: LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS, LITTORINA LITTOREA AND PAGURUS LONGICARPUS,

Abstract : The lethal high temperatures were determined for three marine invertebrates, Limulus polyphemus, Littorina littorea, and Pagurus longicarpus, by employing constant exposure temperatures, exposure times between several minutes and several hours, and survival after 24 hours as criteria. For one-hour exposure they were found to be 44 degrees for Limulus, 40 to 41 degrees for Littorina, and 36 degrees for Pagurus. The importance of considering the time factor, using constant temperatures, and choosing proper criteria for judging survival has been stressed. The best criteria for survival were considered to be certain indices for normal behavior, in Limulus the habit to dig into sand, in Littorina the tendency to crawl up vertical surfaces, and in Pagurus the urge to reoccupy a snail shell when out of the shell. By comparison with the results for other marine invertebrates from other authors, the lethal temperatures found for Limulus and Littorina were very high. These data are considered as temperature adaptation in organisms which are habitually exposed to high temperatures. (Author)
Clinical and genetic aspects of pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is an autosomally inherited disorder that is associated with the accumulation of mineralized and fragmented elastic bers in the skin, Bruch’s membrane in the retina, and vessel walls. The ophthalmic and dermatologic expression of pseudoxanthoma elasticum and its vascular complications are heterogeneous, with considerable variation in phenotype, progression, and mode of inheritance. Using linkage analysis and mutation detection techniques, mutations in the ABCC6 gene were recently implicated in the etiology of pseudoxanthoma elasticum. ABCC6 encodes the sixth member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter and multidrug resistance protein family (MRP6). In humans, this transmembrane protein is highly expressed in the liver and kidney. Lower expression was found in tissues a ected by pseudoxanthoma elasticum, including skin, retina, and vessel walls. So far, the substrates transported by the ABCC6 protein and its physiological role in the etiology of pseudoxanthoma elasticum are not known. A functional transport study of rat MRP6 suggests that small peptides such as the endothelin receptor antagonist BQ123 are transported by MRP6. Similar molecules transported by ABCC6 in humans may be essential for extracellular matrix deposition or turnover of connective tissue at speci c sites in the body. One of these sites is Bruch’s membrane. This review is an update on etiology of pseudoxanthoma elasticum, including its clinical and genetic features, pathogenesis, and biomolecular basis.
Multiplicação in vitro de gemas axilares de acácia-negra (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.)

Black wattle (Acacia mearnsii de Wild.) is difficult to micropropagate due to the low ability of multiplication and development of shoots. Thus, the present study aimed at determining the influence of various cytokinins on axillary bud proliferation in nodal segments of A. mearnsii. Explants from in vitro germinated seedlings were inoculated on B5 (Gamborg et al., 1968) basal medium. BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), BA (6-benzyladenine), 2iP (g,g-dimethylallylamino-purine) and Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) were tested at the concentrations 1 mgL-1, 2 mgL-1, and 3 mgL-1. A randomized block design, in factorial arrangement with 6 replications, and 5 plants per plot was used. The assessments were made after 30 days, by counting the elongated shoots and the presence of callus. The use of BAP at 2 mgL-1 promoted the highest rate of bud multiplication (3,5 shoots/explant).
Proline accumulation in canola leaf discs subjected to osmotic stress is related to the loss of chlorophylls and to the decrease of mitochondrial activity

Many stress studies use simplified experimental models like leaf discs, but the validity of such approaches remains a matter of debate, especially when attempts are made to obtain suitable biotests. We report here the analysis of the resistance of canola leaf discs to osmotic stress, as related to the accumulation of proline. For that purpose, the explanted tissues were incubated for 24 h under continuous light and at 28°C on polyethylene glycol solutions of external potentials (Π ext ) ranging from -0.1 to -8.0 MPa. Proline content, water deficit and chlorophyll content were quantified. The cell membrane stability, which is a structural component of viability, was assessed according to electrolyte leakage. Biomembrane oxidative damage was measured through the production of malondialdehyde and the mitochondrial activity was quantified by assessing the ability of the tissues to reduce 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Although the water deficit of the tissues reached high values (i.e. up to 70%), the cell membrane stability remained high. Furthermore, the oxidative damage to biomembranes was quite low, even in highly dehydrated tissues. In contrast, osmotic stress induced a significant decrease in the chlorophyll content and a strong accumulation of proline. These two processes each reached a maximum at a Π ext of - 3.0 MPa, although the tissues appeared to be viable at even lower Π ext , suggesting they are not responsible for primary resistance. The mitochondrial activity was strongly decreased in the stressed leaf discs, although this activity was at least partially restored in tissues incubated for 24 h on a non-stressing medium. It appears that the cell components of the osmotic stress resistance assessed observed in this study do not reflect the modes of resistance of an intact plant.
Lactobionic Acid, A Bionic Acid Enhances Skin Clarity and Provides Skin Plumping and Firming Effects

Objective Lactobionic acid has numerous beneficial properties due to its polyhydroxy bionic AHA structure and its known antioxidant effects, making it ideal for use in skin care. The compound is an excellent humectant, is nonirritating to skin and provides skin smoothing and moisturizing benefits. It is capable of forming a thin hydrofilm, which provides unique aesthetics to a topical formulation.
Sequence analysis of three citrus viroids infecting a single Tunisian citrus tree (Citrus, reticulata, Clementine)

We report the nucleotide sequences of three citrus viroids belonging to three different genera: Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Citrus viroid-III (CVd-III) isolated from a single natural infected Citrus reticulata var. Clementine tree growing in a tree nursery in Manouba (near Tunis Capital). We describe the sequence variability of these viroids from their natural host without using an alternative passage by an indicator host or an artificial inoculation. This work confirms that naturally occurring viroid infections contain a mixture of sequence variants. These are the first sequences of citrus viroids from Africa.