Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for injury in community-level football: a cohort study

We investigated the independent effect of commonly postulated risk factors on injury incidence in amateur football (soccer), using a prospective cohort design with follow-up over two seasons. A total of 1702 male and female players aged 13 years or older contributed information on 21,797 player-matches. Confirmed, were the effect of male vs. female sex (injury rate ratios (IRR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–0.97), older age (increasing IRR gradient), New Zealand European ethnicity (IRR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.74–1.01), being taller (180–189 cm: IRR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.06–1.63), previous injury (IRR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.12–1.57), playing against medical advice (IRR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03–1.49), playing while recovering from injury (IRR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.20–1.49), history of cigarette smoking (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.00–1.61) and time of season (IRR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96–0.98). Female, adult, non-European and taller players could be paid particular attention in injury prevention programmes. The need for effective injury management is reinforced. Adding physical conditioning to pre-season training may be required.
Rate-distortion optimal wavelet packet transform for low bit rate video coding

In this paper, we introduce a new implementation of motion-compensated temporal filter (MCTF) based video coder which utilizes rate-distortion optimal wavelet packet transform (RDWP) for some low bit rate video coding application scenarios. Although enhanced MC-EZBC video coder provides good scalability and high coding efficiency at high bit rates, reconstructed video quality will drop rapidly with increased motion at low bit rates. The proposed video coder applies optimal wavelet packet transform to each temporal frame and rate-distortion optimization to each GOP. Experimental results show this codec provides better performance than MC-EZBC with PSNR improved 0.3–1.2dB at low bit rates.
Suckling‐Induced Fos‐Immunoreactivity in Subgroups of Hypothalamic POMC Neurons of the Lactating Rat: Investigation of a Role for Prolactin

Attention has recently been focused on lactation‐induced modifications of activity of neuronal populations in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the mediobasal hypothalamus.The ARC hosts the tubero‐infundibular dopaminergic (TIDA system) responsible for the neuroendocrine control of prolactin (PRL), and other non‐neuroendocrine neuronal populations, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY)‐ and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)‐containing systems that are important modulators of hypothalamic gonadoliberin (GnRH) secretion. Our longstanding interest in the functional anatomy of the ARC led us to investigate whether the suckling stimulus would trigger an expression of Fos‐ir in specific arcuate neuronal populations and to possibly characterize responsive neurons by using double‐labeling immunohistochemistry. Freely nursing lactating females expressed strong Fos‐ir in neurons of the ARC compared to diestrous females. Fos‐ir was encountered in neurons not belonging to the TIDA system and that was for a large proportion identical to the POMCergic neurons.We showed that, in lactating females submitted to suppression of the suckling stimulus by removal of the pups, the pattern of expression of Fos‐ir is similar to that seen in diestrous females and that, a pattern of expression of Fos‐ir indistinguishable from that observed during free lactation is reinstated a short time after the return of the pups and restoration of the suckling stimulus, suggesting that this expression of Fos‐ir strictly depends upon the presence of the newborns and the suckling stimulus. By lowering circulating levels of the PRL with bromocryptine‐or PRL antiserum‐treatment, we noticed a decrease in the number of (β‐endorphin+Fos)‐ir neurons compared to non‐injected freely nursing lactating females. By maintaining high levels of circulating PRL with haloperidol‐treatment, we observed a number of colocalizations close to that observed in freely nursing lactating females. Our results suggest that during lactation a rostral subgroup of the arcuate POMCergic neuronal population is activated at least partially in response to the suckling‐induced secretion of PRL and that this activation participates in maintaining the endocrine and/or metabolic demands of the lactational status.
Allometrically Scaled Children's Clinical and Free-Living Ambulatory Behavior.

PURPOSE This study aimed to compare clinical and free-living walking cadence in school-age children and to examine how the allometric scaling of leg length variability affects objective ambulatory activity assessment. METHODS A total of 375 children (154 boys and 221 girls, 9-11 yr old) completed GAITRite-determined slow, normal, and fast walks and wore accelerometers for 1 wk. Dependent variables from clinical assessment included gait speed, cadence, and step length, whereas steps per day, peak 1-min cadence, and peak 60-min cadence were assessed during free living. Analogous allometrically scaled variables were used to account for leg length differences. Free-living times above clinically determined individualized slow, normal, and fast cadence values were calculated. Differences in dependent variables between sex and sex-specific leg length tertiles were assessed. RESULTS Clinically assessed cadence (mean ± SD) was 90.9 ± 15.2 (slow), 113.8 ± 12.9 (normal), and 148.9 ± 20.9 (fast) steps per minute, respectively. During free living, participants accumulated 8651 ± 2259 steps per day. Peak 1-min cadence was 113.4 ± 12.4 steps per minute and peak 60-min cadence was 60.1 ± 11.4 steps per minute. Allometrically scaling gait variables to leg length eliminated the previously significant leg length effect observed in both clinical and free-living gait variables but did not affect the observation that girls exhibited lower levels of free-living ambulatory behavior measured by mean steps per day. On average, all groups spent <15 min·d above clinically determined slow cadence; this was unaffected by leg length. CONCLUSION Allometrically scaling gait variables to leg length significantly affected the assessment of ambulatory behavior, such that different leg length groups appear to walk in a dynamically similar manner. Leg length effects on free-living ambulatory behavior were also eliminated by implementing estimates of time spent above individualized cadence cut points derived from clinical gait assessment.
Accelerated (18 mW/cm2) Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking for Progressive Keratoconus

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of accelerated riboflavin–ultraviolet A–induced corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) (irradiance of 18 mW/cm2 for 5 minutes). Methods: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the charts and anterior segment data of patients after accelerated CXL. Visual, topographic, pachymetry, and densitometry data were extracted and analyzed before surgery and at follow-up (minimum 12 months) after treatment. Results: A total of 28 eyes of 20 patients (mean age, 28.1 ± 8.1 years) were included in this study. The mean follow-up time was 21.7 ± 7.2 months (range, 12–34 months). No statistically significant changes were found in the mean corrected distance visual acuity, corneal astigmatism, Kmean, Kflat, Ksteep, corneal pachymetry (at the apex and at the thinnest point), and corneal densitometry at follow-up. A significant reduction of Kmax, index of surface variance, index of vertical asymmetry, and Km of the posterior corneal surface (KmB) was observed (Kmax: P = 0.018; index of surface variance: P = 0.016; index of vertical asymmetry: P = 0.038; KmB: P = 0.008). No complications were reported during the postoperative follow-up period in this study. Conclusions: Based on a mean follow-up time of 21.7 months, accelerated CXL (18 mW/cm; 5 minutes) is effective in stopping the progression of keratoconus without raising any safety concerns. Improvement in Kmax and stabilization of corrected distance visual acuity were noted after treatment. However, prospective studies with longer follow-up using different accelerated CXL settings are needed to validate these findings.
Contribution à l'évaluation multicritère des systèmes de culture en protection intégrée contre les adventices : cas des émissions de protoxyde d'azote

Dans le cadre de l’evaluation multicritere des systemes en protection integree contre les adventices (PIC-Adventices), cette etude a eu pour objectif d’etudier l’impact de la combinaison de pratiques alternatives a l’usage d’herbicides sur les emissions de N2O par les sols. L’etude a ete conduite sur quatre systemes de culture, un systeme de reference en agriculture raisonnee (S1) et trois systemes PIC-Adventices (S2, S3, S5), sur le site experimental Dijon-Epoisses (47°20'N, 5°2'E). La mise en place de dispositifs de mesure a haute resolution, alliant la methode des chambres d’accumulation de gaz en surface du sol aux analyses de gaz par infrarouge, a permis d’estimer l’intensite des emissions de N2O pour les sols argilo-calcaires caracteristiques de la plaine dijonnaise, avec des flux moyens compris entre -6 et 257 g N-N2O ha-1 jour-1. Cette intensite s’est averee etroitement liee a certains parametres environnementaux (temperature, part de porosite occupee par l’eau, teneur en azote), et certaines pratiques agricoles, induisant des differences significatives entre les systemes. Les emissions de N2O ont notamment ete affectees par le mode de gestion des sols et la nature des cultures constituant la succession de chaque systeme. L’absence de travail du sol depuis 2008 dans le systeme S2 s’est traduite par une amplification des emissions de N2O d’un facteur multiplicatif d’au moins six par rapport aux autres systemes pour l’annee 2012. Par ailleurs, ces emissions equivalentes a 0.7 t C-CO2 ha-1 pourraient avoir compense la sequestration de carbone additionnelle induite par le travail reduit du sol pendant la periode de mesure. De la meme maniere, la degradation des residus de culture legumineuse, dans les systemes S3 et S5 ont respectivement stimule les emissions de N2O en 2011 et en 2012, en comparaison avec le systeme de reference S1. Par ailleurs, le suivi mensuel de la taille des communautes microbiennes du sol a egalement permis de mettre en evidence une variabilite temporelle liee aux pratiques culturales (travail du sol, recolte), en plus de la variabilite saisonniere. En revanche, dans cette etude les variations de taille des communautes microbiennes nitrifiantes et denitrifiantes ne sont pas apparues comme un facteur d’explication de la variabilite des emissions de N2O, quel que soit le systeme. Enfin, l’approche par la modelisation des emissions de N2O sur les quatre systemes, a l’aide des modeles NOE et DNDC, a permis d’identifier les principaux facteurs de regulation de ces emissions. De surcroit, le modele NOE a bien identifie le systeme de culture S2, sans travail du sol, comme etant le systeme le plus emetteur de N2O, conformement aux observations de terrain. Cette etude renforce donc la pertinence de la modelisation pour estimer et analyser les emissions de N2O dans differents systemes de culture.
Functional and cellular responses in a novel rodent model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

PURPOSE Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is caused by sudden loss of vascular supply to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in the anterior portion of the optic nerve and is a major cause of optic nerve dysfunction. There has been no easily obtainable animal model of this disorder. The current study was conducted to design a novel model of rodent AION (rAION), to enable more detailed study of this disease. METHODS A novel rodent photoembolic stroke model was developed that is directly analogous to human AION. Using histologic, electrophysiological, molecular- and cell biological methods, the early changes associated with isolated RGC axonal ischemia were characterized. RESULTS Functional (electrophysiological) changes occurred in RGCs within 1 day after rAION, with a loss of visual evoked potential (VEP) amplitude that persisted in the long term. The retinal gene expression pattern rapidly changed after rAION induction, with an early (<1 day) initial induction of c-Fos mRNA, and loss of RGC-specific gene expression. RGC-specific protein expression declined 2 days after detectable mRNA level changes, and immunostaining suggested that multiple retinal layers react to isolated RGC axonal ischemia. CONCLUSIONS rAION rapidly results in electrophysiological and histologic changes similar to clinical AION, with reactive responses in primary and supporting neuronal cell layers. The rAION model can enable a detailed analysis of the individual retinal and optic nerve changes that occur after optic nerve stroke, which may be useful in determining possible therapeutic interventions for this disorder.
Intracranial arteries of human fetuses are more resistant to hypercholesterolemia-induced fatty streak formation than extracranial arteries.

BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic lesions in intracranial arteries occur later and are less extensive than in extracranial arteries. To investigate potential mechanisms responsible for this difference, in particular the atherogenic response to hypercholesterolemia and LDL oxidation, we compared the extent of fatty streak formation and the composition of these very early lesions in intracranial arteries of human fetuses from normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic mothers with those in extracranial arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS Lesions were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis of 30 oil red O-stained sections, each from the middle cerebral, basilar, and common carotid arteries and the abdominal aorta of human fetuses (spontaneous abortions and premature newborns who died within 12 hours of birth; both of fetal age 6.2+/-1.3 months) from 43 hypercholesterolemic mothers and 34 normocholesterolemic mothers. Macrophages, apolipoprotein B, and 2 epitopes of oxidized LDL in lesions were determined immunocytochemically. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the arterial wall were also determined. Lesion numbers and sizes were dramatically greater in the abdominal aorta (area of the largest lesion per section: 66.5+/-10.9 x10(3) microm2) and the carotid (11. 6+/-5.3 x10(3) microm2) than in the basilar and middle cerebral artery (0.4+/-0.1 and 0.8+/-0.2 x10(3) microm2, respectively; P<0. 0001). Hypercholesterolemia resulted in a significant increase of lesion size in extracranial arteries but only a marginal increase in intracranial arteries. In analogy, hypercholesterolemia induced a much greater increase in the intimal presence of macrophages, apolipoprotein B, and oxidized LDL (oxidation-specific epitopes) in extracranial than in intracranial arteries. Immunocytochemistry did not indicate that lesions of intracranial arteries contain relatively less oxidized LDL than similar-size lesions of extracranial arteries. Activities of Mn-superoxide dismutase but not of Zn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher in both intracranial arteries. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to hypercholesterolemia during fetal development results in extensive formation of fatty streaks in extracranial but not intracranial arteries. The fact that such a difference in lesion formation occurs in the absence of many other atherogenic risk factors found later in life suggests that differences in the atherogenic response to hypercholesterolemia are an important contributor to the slower onset of the disease in intracranial vessels in adults. Fetal arteries may allow elucidation of the mechanisms responsible, for example, better protection of intracranial arteries against free radical-mediated atherogenic processes.
Affinity adsorption of glucose degradation products improves the biocompatibility of conventional peritoneal dialysis fluid.

BACKGROUND Reactive carbonyl compounds (RCOs) present in peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid have been incriminated in the progressive deterioration of the peritoneal membrane in long-term PD patients. They are initially present in fresh conventional heat-sterilized glucose PD fluid and are supplemented during dwell time by the diffusion of blood RCOs within the peritoneal cavity. In the present study, RCO entrapping agents were immobilized on affinity beads to adsorb RCOs both in fresh PD fluid and in PD effluent. METHODS The RCO trapping potential of various compounds was assessed in vitro first by dissolving them in the tested fluid and subsequently after coupling with either epoxy- or amino-beads. The tested fluids include fresh heat-sterilized glucose and non-glucose PD fluids, and PD effluent. Their RCOs contents, that is, glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), formaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfuraldehyde, acetaldehyde, and 2-furaldehyde were monitored by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The biocompatibility of PD fluid was assessed by a cytotoxic assay with either human epidermoid cell line A431 cells or with primary cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells. RESULTS Among the tested RCO entrapping agents, hydrazine coupled to epoxy-beads proved the most efficient. It lowered the concentrations of three dicarbonyl compounds (GO, MGO, and 3-DG) and those of aldehydes present in fresh heat-sterilized glucose PD fluid toward the low levels observed in filter-sterilized glucose PD fluid. It did not change the glucose and electrolytes concentration of the PD fluid but raised its pH from 5.2 to 5.9. Hydrazine-coupled epoxy-bead also lowered the PD effluent content of total RCOs, measured by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNPH) method. The cytotoxicity of heat-sterilized PD fluid incubated with hydrazine-coupled epoxy-beads was decreased to the level observed in filter-sterilized PD fluid as the result of the raised pH and the lowered RCOs levels. CONCLUSION Hydrazine-coupled epoxy-beads reduce the levels of a variety of dicarbonyls and aldehydes present in heat-sterilized glucose PD fluid to those in filter-sterilized PD fluid, without altering glucose, lactate, and electrolytes contents but with a rise in pH. Incubated with PD effluents, it is equally effective in reducing the levels of serum-derived RCOs. RCO entrapping agents immobilized on affinity beads improve in vitro the biocompatibility of conventional heat-sterilized glucose PD fluid. Their clinical applicability requires further studies.
Practitioner review: outcomes for parents and children following non-traditional conception: what do clinicians need to know?

BACKGROUND The birth of the first 'test-tube' baby in 1978 has led to the creation of family types that would not otherwise have existed. METHODS This paper examines research on the psychological outcomes for parents and children in assisted reproduction families with particular attention to the issues and concerns that have been raised by creating families in this way. RESULTS Parents of children conceived by assisted reproduction appear to have good relationships with their children, even in families where one parent lacks a genetic link with the child. With respect to the children themselves, there is no evidence of cognitive impairment in singleton children born at full term as a result of assisted reproduction procedures, although the findings regarding the cognitive development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) children are currently unclear. In relation to socioemotional development, assisted reproduction children appear to be functioning well. CONCLUSIONS Few studies have included children at adolescence or beyond, and little is known about the consequences of conception by assisted reproduction from the perspective of the individuals concerned. In addition, there are some types of assisted reproduction family, such as families created through a surrogacy arrangement or through embryo donation, about whom little is known at all. Although existing knowledge about the impact of assisted reproduction for parenting and child development does not give undue cause for concern, there remain a number of unanswered questions in relation to children born in this way.
Assessment of biologic aggressiveness of prostate cancer: correlation of MR signal intensity with Gleason grade after radical prostatectomy.

PURPOSE To retrospectively investigate whether the signal intensity (SI) of prostate cancer on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images correlates with the Gleason grade at whole-mount step-section pathologic evaluation after radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The institutional review board approved and issued a waiver of informed consent for this HIPAA-compliant study of 74 patients (median age, 57.5 years; range, 32-72 years) who underwent endorectal MR imaging before radical prostatectomy, with subsequent whole-mount step-section pathologic evaluation, between January 2001 and July 2004. Inclusion criteria were that they had: no prior treatment; at least one lesion of uniform Gleason grade 3 or 4 or with Gleason grade 5 components, with a bidimensional diameter product of 20 mm2 or greater; no high SI on T1-weighted MR images indicative of postbiopsy changes; and an interval of more than 4 weeks between biopsy and MR imaging. SI of prostate tumors, nontumor prostatic tissue, and internal obturator muscles was measured on uncorrected and corrected T2-weighted MR images. Correlations between Gleason grades and SI ratios were assessed by using generalized estimating equations. SI ratios in peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) lesions of the same Gleason grade were compared with an unpaired t test. RESULTS Seventy-nine Gleason grade 3, eight Gleason grade 4, and four mixed Gleason grades 4 and 5 lesions identified at pathologic evaluation were analyzed. Gleason grade correlated significantly with tumor-muscle SI ratio for PZ tumors on corrected and uncorrected images (P = .006 and <.001, respectively). Higher Gleason grades were associated with lower tumor-muscle SI ratios. Nontumor-muscle SI ratios did not correlate with patients' Gleason grades. Tumor-muscle SI ratios were lower in TZ than in PZ tumors (P < .001). CONCLUSION Higher Gleason grades were associated with lower tumor-muscle SI ratios on T2-weighted MR images. SI evaluation on T2-weighted MR images may facilitate noninvasive assessment of prostate cancer aggressiveness.
Obesidad: nuevo reto para el médico de Atención Primaria

Objetivo. La obesidad es un importante problema de salud publica debido a su elevada prevalencia, y a su asociacion con graves enfermedades. En este trabajo se ha estimado la prevalencia de la obesidad en Oroso (Galicia) en sujetos mayores de 18 anos. Sujetos y metodo. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo, transversal, tomando como fuente de informacion los datos de las historias clinicas de los pacientes en los ultimos 3 anos. Se revisaron un total de 1600 historias, siendo el tamano final de la muestra de 1494 historias (55,5% mujeres y 44,5% varones). Se recogieron las siguientes variables: sexo, edad, peso y talla. Se calculo el indice de masa corporal (IMC) como peso/talla al cuadrado. Se definio la obesidad como IMC mayor o igual 30 kg/m cubico. Resultados. La prevalencia de la obesidad fue de 30,9%, ligeramente mas elevada en el colectivo femenino (31,6%) que en el masculino (30%). Presentaron normopeso el 31,9% y sobrepeso el 37,2%. El 1,61% del colectivo presentaba obesidad morbida (IMC mayor 40 kg/m cuadrado), con una proporcion de mujeres significativamente mas elevada (2,2 vs 0,9%). Conclusion. La obesidad es un problema de salud que afecta en Oroso a un tercio de la poblacion adulta, cifra muy superior al resto de Espana y con tendencia a incrementarse. Es necesario la identificacion y el tratamiento temprano del problema, y su prevencion mediante estrategias de promocion de la salud encaminadas a fomentar habitos dieteticos salulables y a promocionar la practica de ejercicio fisico desde edades tempranas.