Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human population structure of the Costa Rican Central Provinces. An evaluation through isonymic methods

The human population structure of the Central Provinces of Costa Rica was analyzed through isonymic methods and the use of Electoral Registers (1990 and 2006). Four parameters that define, in a genetic and evolutionary context, this structure were estimated: the consanguinity due to random mating (Morton’s a-priori kinship Fii), the genetic isolation (Fisher’s α), the migration (Karlin-McGregor’s υ), and the degree of subdivision or population differentiation (Fst). The possible geographical distribution of these variables is shown by the use of a Principal Components Analysis (PCA). There is a coincidence between groups of counties obtained by similarity in surname diversity and their geographic location in the territory. Differences were found for the values of the components of consanguinity (F=15.6; p<0.05) and genetic isolation (F=14.38; p<0.05) between different sectors of the Central Provinces. There is an association between population density and the breaking up of genetic isolates and another possible association between the geography of the region, the migration patterns of individuals, and the consequent levels of inbreeding and genetic isolation. The differences in the values of population structure components, inbreeding and genetic isolation, between the different zones of the central region, allow the assumption of the existence of differences in gene frequencies. The migration of blocks of genes from the center to the periphery is also possible and the variation in this sense might be attributed mostly to changes in the components of the population structure: mating patterns, migration and the consequence of the effective population size in the genetic drift process.
The Conditional Limited Information Maximum Likelihood Approach to Dynamic Panel Structural Equations

We propose the conditional limited information maximum likelihood (CLIML) approach for estimating dynamic panel structural equation models. When there are dynamic effects and endogenous variables with individual effects at the same time, the CLIML estimation method for the doubly-filtered data does give not only a consistent estimation, but also it attains the asymptotic efficiency when the number of orthogonal condition is large. Our formulation includes Alvarez and Arellano (2003), Blundell and Bond (2000) and other linear dynamic panel models as special cases.
The Finite-Sample Size of the BDS Test for GARCH Standardized Residuals

This paper uses a multivariate response surface methodology to analyze the size distortion of the BDS test when applied to standardized residuals of rst-order GARCH processes. The results show that the asymptotic standard normal distribution is an unreliable approximation even in large samples. On the other hand, a simple log-transformation of the squared standardized residuals seems to correct most of the size problems. The estimated response surfaces can nonetheless provide not only a measure of the size distortion, but also more adequate critical values for theBDS test in small samples.
The Impact of Multi-Satellite Data on the Initialization and Simulation of Hurricane Lili's (2002) Rapid Weakening Phase

Abstract Numerical experiments have been conducted to examine the impact of multisatellite data on the initialization and forecast of the rapid weakening of Hurricane Lili (in 2002) from 0000 UTC to landfall in Louisiana on 1300 UTC 3 October 2002. Fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU–NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) 4DVAR sensitivity runs were conducted separately with QuikSCAT surface winds, the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-8 (GOES-8) cloud drift–water vapor winds, and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) temperature–dewpoint sounding data to investigate their individual impact on storm track and intensity. The results were compared against a simulation initialized from a Global Forecast System background interpolated to the MM5 grid. Assimilating QuikSCAT surface wind data improves the analyzed outer-core surface winds, as well as the inner-core low-level temperature and moisture fields. Substantial adjustment.
Silicon Bipolar Distributed Oscillator Design and Analysis SILICON BIPOLAR DISTRIBUTED OSCILLATOR DESIGN

The design of high frequency silicon bipolar oscillator using common emitter (CE) with distributed output and analysis is carried out. The general condition for oscillation and the resulting analytical expressions for the frequency of oscillators were reviewed. Transmission line design was carried out using Butterworth LC filters in which the normalised values and where used to obtain the actual values of the inductors and capacitors used; this largely determines the performance of distributed oscillators. The values of inductor and capacitors in the phase shift network are used in tuning the oscillator. The simulated results show that the oscillator operates at 26MHz, dissipating 15mW power. The result indicates that distributed amplification methodology is viable at high frequency.
Machine Learning Optimization Model Using Green's Theorem

Optimization in the field of machine learning is one of the issues that experts are trying to use different approaches to provide a way to improve the machine performance. However, some mathematical tools mentioned in other sciences are very valuable to current issues in engineering science, who can enter and illuminate the field of engineering. In this paper, after a brief description of the issue raised by Green in microeconomic theory, tries to use from concept of "Separating Hyper plane" and "Supporting Hyper plane" to optimize the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Finally, a mathematical method is presented for use in such cases to maximizing margins in SVMs.
Climate Changes of the Twentieth through Twenty-first Centuries Simulated by the MRI-CGCM 2 . 3

Experiments related to twentieth century historical climate changes and the twenty-first century scenario are performed with the latest version of the MRI climate model, MRI-CGCM2.3. The model reproduces globally averaged surface air temperature (SAT) variations in the twentieth century with satisfactory agreement with interdecadal changes of the observed trend, as well as with the overall SAT increase of 0.5°C at the present-day compared to the pre-industrial level. The globally averaged SAT rises 2.4°C in the late twenty-first century in the experiment for scenario A1B of the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The spatial structures of the simulated trends for the late twentieth century are validated in various atmospheric fields through comparisons with observed data, which indicate that the model demonstrates reasonable agreement with the observed trend in each field. Most of the simulated changes for the twenty-first century reveal spatial patterns similar to those in the trends that appeared in the late twentieth century. The simulated trend patterns of the sea-level pressure (SLP) in both hemispheres bear a resemblance to the observed trends, with each spatial structure reminiscent of the annular modes in the northern and southern hemispheres (NAM and SAM). These SLP trend patterns are consistent with the trends in the SAT, precipitation, and zonal mean zonal wind fields, as in the NAM and SAM. The coherent trend structures of these fields are projected to be enhanced in twenty-first century climate changes. Changes of ocean and sea-ice in association with these atmospheric changes are also described.
Black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) change their leukocyte profiles because of handling, repeated sampling and development

Similar to other long-lived species, Black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) need to invest in the immune system to ensure future survival. However, since resources are considered to be limited, this investment constitutes a trade-off with other life history components. In the developing offspring, for example, an important balance is between their investments in growth and in immunity. The innate immune system is an initial, non-specific protection from a variety of pathogens, while the acquired immune system provides a more specific protection but is considered to be more costly. Although obtaining immune parameters such as the heterophile to lymphocyte (H:L) ratios from blood smears is a standard approach in bird studies, effects of handling on these measurements are usually disregarded. In the present study, 33 adult kittiwakes were selected to study the effects of handling time and repeated sampling on leukocyte profiles from blood smears. To examine these effects, blood were collected (a) through repeated sampling (at 3, 30 and 60 min) and also after 60 min for handling alone (control), and (b) through one repeated sample (at 3 and 60 min of capture), alternatively sampling at the same or the opposite wing, to test for local versus global sampling effects. The results suggest that repeated sampling and not handling per se causes a significant increase in H:L ratio over time. Furthermore, sampling causes a global immune response within minutes, since leukocyte profiles at 60 minutes were similar irrespective of whether the same or opposite wing was sampled. However, since the total leukocyte counts changed significantly regardless of handling time alone or repeated bleedings, the effects of handling seems to be parameter specific. Researchers should therefore be aware of the possible effects from the stress which may follow normal handling. The present study also examined leukocyte profiles and H:L ratios of kittiwakes from chicks under development, 10 to 25 days after hatching, and the change of the parental profiles from hatching to 25 days after hatching. While the parental leukocyte profiles did not change, the chicks experienced a decline in the numbers of heterophiles and an increase of lymphocytes without any changes in the total numbers of leukocytes. In addition, the H:L ratio in the older chicks resembled their parents. These data suggests that younger kittiwake chicks have stronger innate immunity which generally protects them from pathogens, while investing more into a more specialized acquired immunity similar to their parental leukocyte status.
Re-Model the Relation of Vector Indices, Meteorological Factors and Dengue Fever

Background: Dengue is the most rapidly expanding and spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in tropical and subtropical countries. In Taiwan, dengue incidence clustered in Southern part, especially Kaohsiung in the past decade. Aim: The spatial and temporal patterns of dengue transmission in Taiwan from 2005 to 2012 were examined to investigate the occurrence of dengue fever (DF) patients and its association with immature and adult mosquito indices, and its interaction with meteorological factors and household density. Methods: Three databases were spatially and temporally linked, including the comprehensive chart records of DF cases and vector surveillance data in Kaohsiung, as well as the meteorological and environmental information from 2005 to 2012. A case-crossover study design was used to explore the effects of mosquito indices and weather on the risks of DF, and conditional logistic regression was applied to estimate the odds ratios (OR). Results: Results showed immature mosquito indices had significant positive association with DF in the medium and high household density areas (e.g., adjusted ORs of Breteau index were 1.04, 95% CI=[1.02, 1.06] and 1.06, CI=[1.04, 1.08] respectively), while adult mosquito index was significant to all low/med/high household densities (adjusted ORs of Aedes aegypti index were 1.29, CI=[1.23,1.36]; 1.49, CI=[1.37,1.61] and 1.3, CI=[1.21,1.39] respectively). Meanwhile, combination with 2-week lag rainfall, 2-month lag rainfall, 2-week lag temperature and relative humidity, resulted better prediction of DF incidence. Conclusion: Meteorological conditions affect DF occurrence in a nonlinear way, and a single time-point rainfall variable is insufficient to fit it. Our study suggested that short-lag (last 2 weeks) conditions of moderate rainfall, moderate temperature and high humidity, in combination with a long-lag heavy rainfall were related to higher probability of DF incidence. BI and CI are useful predictors for DF occurrence in medium and high household density areas, but not in the low density areas.
Pre-Service Teachers' Acceptance and use of Mobile Learning in Malaysia

Mobile technology coupled with Internet accessibility has increased not only how we communicate but also how we might engage in learning. The ubiquity of mobile technology, such as smart phones and tablet devices, makes it a valuable tool for accessing learning resources on the Internet. The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model has been used in previous studies to investigate how different forms of technology have been used and accepted. This paper reports on mobile technology use and acceptance using the UTAUT model as a theoretical framework to examine how a group of Malaysian pre-services teachers’ utilised mobile technology for their learning. The study found that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, attitude toward technology and self efficiently are all significant determinants of behavioural intentions to use mobile devices for learning. The researchers conclude that the result of their study has far-reaching implications for educational providers to understand how students’ use mobile technologies as a key component of their university studies.
Packaged entanglement states and particle teleportation

Entanglement states are important for both basic research and applied research. However, these entanglement states usually relate to one or several of the particles' physical quantities. Here we theoretically show that a particle-antiparticle pair can form packaged entanglement states which encapsulate all the necessary physical quantities for completely identifying the particles. The particles in the packaged entanglement states are hermaphroditic and indeterminate. Thereafter, we gave a possible experimental scheme for testing the packaged entanglement states. Finally, we proposed a protocol for teleporting a particle to an arbitrarily large distance using the packaged entanglement states. These packaged entanglement states could be important for particle physics and useful in matter teleportation, medicine, remote control, and energy transfer.
Impact of Organizational Support on Nursing Job Stressors: A Comparative Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess stress level and organizational support in nurses working in Jordan and Egypt and to identify the relationship between perceived stress and organizational support among nurses in both countries. Methods: A descriptive comparative design utilizing selfadministered questionnaire was utilized to evaluate the distinctions in response to organizational support in Jordanian and Egyptian nurses. The data was collected from two educational affiliated hospitals. Findings: The results of this study indicated that that the both Jordanian and Egyptian nurse perceived very high level of stress and a relatively poor organizational support. Also, the results implied significant negative correlation between perceived stress and perceived organizational support r=-0.23, P<0.01 in Jordanian sample, r=-0.29, P<0.01 in the Egyptian sample. Conclusions: This study shows that the both Jordanian and Egyptian nurses are exposed to different stressors during their job. Unfortunately, with these stresses the nurses didn’t find enough organizational support from their organization. Study implications: Such study has a many implications for nurses in different settings. The application might include the education sectors of nursing, managers, organization and for sure the nurses in practice.
The Health Services Use Among Older Canadians in Rural and Urban Areas

Even though universal health care is one of the fundamental pillars of Canadian society, the rising cost of all services has resulted in the relocation and redistribution of funding and services between rural and urban areas. While most econometric analyses of health service use in Canada include broad controls by province and rural/urban status, there has been relatively little econometric work that has focused specifically on geographical variation in health service use. Using the 2002-03 wave of the Canadian Community Health Survey, we examine the determinants of a range of health services use by older Canadians across different types of urban and rural areas of residence. The regression analysis suggests two general conclusions: 1) other things equal, health service use is lower among older residents of rural areas in terms of visits to a GP, to a specialist and to a dentist compared to residents of urban core CMA/CAs, but there are no significant differences in hospital nights; and 2) these results are surprisingly robust across a range of specifications that control variously for demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, private health insurance, and physical health. However, the magnitude of the estimated differences is quantitatively not very large. In addition, the self-reported incidence of unmet healthcare needs overall shows no systematic variation across rural and urban areas.
Knowledge Sharing on Wikimedia Embassies

Introduction With the proliferation of the social web, online knowledge sharing across cultural boundaries has become a norm. For example, the English Wikipedia attracts users from all over the world, and much of Wikipedia is written in languages other than English. Intercultural collaboration occurs daily on Wikipedia with users from all over the world making valued contributions. Online intercultural collaboration on Wikipedia is intriguing but under-studied, as the majority of research on Wikipedia is based on the English site with few exceptions. Existing cross-cultural research on Wikipedia includes comparative accounts of Wikipedia in multiple languages (e.g., Callahan and Herring 2011; Hara, Shachaf, and Hew 2010; Pfeil, Zaphiris, and Ang 2006; Stvilia, Al-Faraj, and Yi 2009) and case studies of Wikipedia in languages other than English (e.g., Han-Teng 2009; Shachaf and Hara 2010). More scholarly attention is needed in order to understand the ways in which the social web can mediate, facilitate, or hinder intercultural collaboration and how this, in turn, can influence knowledge sharing. The chapter aims to address this gap by identifying the style of interaction that characterizes global knowledge sharing behaviors on Wikipedia as well as the topics that are posted by users from various countries on Wikimedia Embassies, which assist in cross-lingual projects. More broadly, the research we present here emphasizes a socio-technical understanding of Wikipedia, and is particularly informed by Social Informatics (Kling 2007). Social Informatics is, “the interdisciplinary study of the design, uses, and consequences of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) that takes into account their interaction with institutional and cultural contexts” (Kling, Sawyer, and Rosenbaum 2005, 6). As such, it illustrates the ways in which technology facilitates, mediates intercultural collaboration in an international context, and seeks to answer the question: How do users with diverse national and linguistic backgrounds engage in global, boundary-spanning activities online? The study also delineates how the technological infrastructure is appropriated for local and global use, and how activities on Wikimedia Embassies can enhance our understanding of Wikipedia at the local and global level Wikimedia Embassies offer useful insights into how cultural and institutional contexts interact with each other and how such contexts influence online knowledge sharing.
Does Students\’ International Mobility Increase Their Employability?

During the last 20 years international mobility of Polish students grew significantly. The article addresses the issue of consequences of international mobility for graduates\’ employability. Theoretical literature suggests several channels through which internationalmobilitymay affect graduates\’ attractiveness in the labour market: by accumulation of additional human capital, by signalling high abilities of a job candidate, by increasing search intensity of jobseekers. In fact, simple comparison of employment rates and duration of a post-graduation job search suggest that mobility experience increases employability of higher education graduates. However the results of Cox proportional hazard model with a control for other graduates\’ characteristics reveals a different picture: mobility per se does not impact job search duration but is correlated with graduates\’ characteristics associated with higher abilities. It seems, therefore, that international mobility experience may serve as a screening device and be used by firms for the purpose of recruiting better candidates.
Multinational Enterprise (MNE) Supplier Networks: Organizational Innovation or Innovation Policy?

In the context of Brazil/Chile, this article examines ways in which innovation policy can enhance the competitiveness of developing countries while building on organizational innovations which benefit multinational enterprises (MNEs). After a survey of Brazilian/Chilean innovation policy, we conclude that it has failed to bring about linkages between firms. One exception is provided by a Brazilian supplier network programme - an initiative which helps generate links between large and small firms. However, there is no Brazilian or Chilean programme designed to create linkages between MNEs and local firms. We argue that if the supplier network were modified to do just this, increases in MNE and national competitiveness would ensue.