Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dispersal history of a spider (Stegodyphus lineatus) across contiguous deserts: vicariance and range expansion

Israel marks a crossroads between three continents encompassing several phytogeographical and zoogeographical zones. In this complex area, the flow of species from different biogeographical regions creates opportunities to study how geographical division and colonization routes affect current distribution and structure of resident populations of organisms associated with desert and arid environments, habitats that may have persisted throughout Pleistocene glacial periods. The present paper analyses the population history of the spider Stegodyphus lineatus in the contiguous Negev and Judean deserts in Israel using allozyme and mtDNA variation. The distinct patterns of variation indicate that Judean and Negev populations are vicariant lineages. The residence time was longer in Judea, where populations were more polymorphic for mtDNA, showed isolation by distance and were less structured than in the Negev. The Negev population, possibly linked to other Mediterranean populations of S. lineatus, consisted of two subdivisions derived from a recent eastward expansion across the central Negev watershed. Despite differences in age and level of structure, all lineages show similar dispersal processes dominated by restricted gene flow. The distribution patterns of allozyme and mtDNA markers are unrelated to geographical patterns of precipitation and vegetation. Rather, they follow large-scale topographic features, namely the water divide between Mediterranean and Afro-Syrian rift drainages and between eastern and western Negev drainages. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 84, 739–754.
Commercial Formulation of Biosurfactant from Yeast and Its Evaluation to Use in the Petroleum Industry

Commercial Formulation of Biosurfactant from Yeast and its Evaluation to Use in the Petroleum Industry Darne G. Almeida, Rita de Cássia F. Soares da Silva, Pedro P. F. Brasileiro, Juliana M. Luna, Raquel D. Rufino, Leonie A. Sarubbo* Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco – RENORBIO/UFRPE, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos. CEP: 52171-900, Recife – Pernambuco, Brazil Centre of Sciences and Technology, Catholic University of Pernambuco – UNICAP, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900, Recife – Pernambuco, Brazil Advanced Institute of Technology and Innovation – IATI, Rua Carlos Porto Carreiro, n. 70, Boa Vista, CEP: 50070-090, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil leonie@unicap.br
Effects of Elevated Ambient Temperature on Telfairia Occidentallis was Mitigated by Conservative Agriculture: A Demonstration of Global Warming and Adaptation Measures

Global warming has recently attracted both local and global attention because it has potential adverse effects on the environment, human health and food security. To better understand the potential effects of climate change on food security, changes in biomass production and composition of pigment induced by variation in ambient temperature were examined in fluted pumpkin ( Telfairia occidentallis ), an important vegetable in Nigeria. Ameliorative effect was demonstrated by addition of compost. The plants were grown under a controlled environment (growth chambers): a 10 h photoperiod and ambient temperature ranges of 30-32 0 C, 33-35 0 C, 36-38 0 C and 39-41 0 C with two other natural growth units (27-29 0 C) as control. The plants were grown under screen house for 95 days. Agronomic parameters such as plant height, root length and plant yield and biochemical components (chlorophyll a and b and carotene) were determined. Results showed that elevated temperature decreased bio-chemical properties by 29 % (at 30–32 0 C) and 34 % (at 36-38 0 C) for total chlorophyll (Chlorophyll a and b) and 0.6–11 % (at 30-41 0 C) for carotene. With organic compost amendments, chlorophyll a and b and carotene levels increased and growth advanced from 219-340.3 cm, 30–65 g and 5–9 g for height, shoot biomass and root biomass respectively. For the control (without compost), the measured parameters decreased. Increasing ambient temperatures adversely affected photosynthetic pigment production thus putting food security at risk while the adverse effect was mitigated by application of compost. Keywords : chlorophyll a and b, carotene, plant biomass, ambient temperature, climate change, global warming, food security.
On the bainitic and martensitic phase transformation behavior and the mechanical properties of low alloy 51CrV4 steel

The role of the austenitization treatment (austenitizing temperature and austenitizing time) on the subsequent phase transformation behavior of low alloy 51CrV4 steel was investigated. The results indicate that the prior austenitization treatment strongly affects both the isothermal bainitic phase transformation kinetics and the onset of the martensitic transformation. In fact, higher martensite start temperatures ( M s ) and longer phase transformation times were present when the austenite grain size increased concomitant with austenitization temperature. In addition, when the supercooled austenite was pre-strained and the subsequent transformation proceeded under a superimposed stress, transformation plasticity strains evolved, whereas higher end values at room temperature were obtained at a lower pre-deformation temperature ( T *), which is usually not incorporated in current models. Moreover, tensile tests performed at room temperature following pure bainitic, pure martensitic, or bainitic-martensitic reactions revealed that no linear mixture rule is present for the mixed microstructures. Overall, the current findings demonstrate the necessity of proper incorporation of T * and a non-linear mixture rule for bainitic-martensitic microstructures in low alloy 51CrV4 steel while modeling complex manufacturing processes.
Determinants of Domestic Saving Performance in Egypt An Empirical Study

This paper has analyzed the determinants of domestic savings in Egypt dining the period (1975-2006) in both the short run and the long run. The unit root test was used to test the stationary of all time series, and after that the first difference and the first lag of all varaides are used in the estimated model in order to get the best results. The results indicate that the growth of per capita income, the development of financial market, and the real interest rate are found to have positive influence on domestic savings especially on the long-run. Macroeconomic uncertainty as measured by the inflation rate (INF) is found to have a positive and statistically significant effect on domestic saving ratio in both the short run and the long run This provides support of precautionary motives for saving in the face of increased economic uncertainty. In addition, budget deficit ratio appears to have a negative effect on domestic saving ratio. This mans that higher government savings partially crowd out private savings, and thus does not provide support of the existence of MI Realtaill Equivalence. Finally. current account deficit recorded a negative and statistically significant effect on both the short run and the long run, which imply that external saving may tend to act as a substitute to domestic private saving.
Length-weight, length- length relationship and condition factor of Channa punctatus collected from three different rivers of India

Channa punctatus is commercially important freshwater teleostean fish, commonly known as green snake headed spotted murrel. A total of 261 samples of C. punctatus were collected from the Gomti, Ganga and Ken rivers characterized by different environmental conditions in order to study the intraspecific variations using length-weight relationship. A positive allometric growth (b>3) was recorded in all the sub-populations of the fish except in the females of Gomti River. The fish did not follow the cube’s law strictly as increase in weight was found to be more in comparison to length in all the sub-populations of the fish except in the female of Gomti River where isometric growth was noted. Length-length relationship showed both lengths are highly correlated to each other (r=0.99). The value of condition factor was found to be more than 1 in all sub-populations of the fish indicated good condition of fish.
Potential anti-cancerous activities of Auricularia polytricha Mont. (Sacc) – A black ear mushroom

The medicinal mushroom, Auricularia polytricha is commonly known as “black ear mushroom” and is popularly grown in China and is widely distributed from temperate to tropical regions of the world. The mushroom is known to have highly nutritious as well as pharmaceutical properties in it. Keeping view of this an experiment was conducted to exploit the anti-cancerous activities of the mushroom. The concentrations ranging from 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml showed decreased per cent viability of cervical cancer cells (79.34, 73.69, 66.95, 61.10 and 53.75 % respectively), colon cancer cells (87.24, 73.37, 59.0, 46.86 and 30.74%) and liver cancer cells (98.27, 92.77, 81.79, 74.50 and 53.59 percentage).
Technology development for the Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) as a candidate large UV-Optical-Infrared (LUVOIR) surveyor

The Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) team has identified five key technologies to enable candidate architectures for the future large-aperture ultraviolet/optical/infrared (LUVOIR) space observatory envisioned by the NASA Astrophysics 30-year roadmap, Enduring Quests, Daring Visions. The science goals of ATLAST address a broad range of astrophysical questions from early galaxy and star formation to the processes that contributed to the formation of life on Earth, combining general astrophysics with direct-imaging and spectroscopy of habitable exoplanets. The key technologies are: internal coronagraphs, starshades (or external occulters), ultra-stable large-aperture telescopes, detectors, and mirror coatings. Selected technology performance goals include: 1x10-10 raw contrast at an inner working angle of 35 milli-arcseconds, wavefront error stability on the order of 10 pm RMS per wavefront control step, autonomous on-board sensing and control, and zero-read-noise single-photon detectors spanning the exoplanet science bandpass between 400 nm and 1.8 μm. Development of these technologies will provide significant advances over current and planned observatories in terms of sensitivity, angular resolution, stability, and high-contrast imaging. The science goals of ATLAST are presented and flowed down to top-level telescope and instrument performance requirements in the context of a reference architecture: a 10-meter-class, segmented aperture telescope operating at room temperature (~290 K) at the sun-Earth Lagrange-2 point. For each technology area, we define best estimates of required capabilities, current state-of-the-art performance, and current Technology Readiness Level (TRL) – thus identifying the current technology gap. We report on current, planned, or recommended efforts to develop each technology to TRL 5.
Upstream Blocking and Airflow Over Mountains

)obstacle of height h, then naive energy arguments (and common sense) indicate that if Nh/U is sufficiently large, fluid near the ground would be blocked on the upstream side and not flow over the obstacle. Casual observations and "folklore" have long indicated that this phenomenon is common near mountain ranges in the atmosphere. However, the nature and mechanics of how it occurs have only recently become clear. It is now known that upstream blocking in large-Reynolds­ number flows propagates as a wave phenomenon, generated by nonlinear effects over the topography. These waves may be linear or nonlinear depending on circumstances, and they propagate primarily as "columnar" motions, meaning that they permanently alter the density and horizontal velocity profiles as they pass through the fluid ahead of the obstacle. Blocking occurs when these changes reach sufficient amplitude. Since they alter the upstream conditions, the understanding of these upstream dis­ turbances caused by the obstacle is a prerequisite for calculating the steady­ state flow over an obstacle, regardless of the other details of the flow. These effects generally depend on the topography being approximately two-dimensional (2D) with sufficiently large height. They are common in geophysical situations such as fjords, estuaries, and in the atmosphere. Since blocking is primarily a two-dimensional stratified phenomenon, in this review we exclude the effects of rotation and are concerned with
Natural diet and grazing rate of the temperate sponge Dysidea avara (Demospongiae, Dendroceratida) throughout an annual cycle

Sponges are one of the major invertebrate groups inhabiting hard-bottom communities worldwide. In this study, we measured in situ rates of grazing on DOC (dissolved organic carbon), POC (particulate organic carbon), and pico-, nanoand microplankton for the common temperate sponge Dysidea avara throughout a yearly cycle. The natural diet of the species was h~ghly heterogeneous and included procaryotes (heterotrophc bacteria, Prochlorococcus sp., Synechococcus sp.) and eucaryotes (protozoa, phytoplankton, and ciliates) ranging in size from 0.5 * 0.3 (heterotrophic bacteria) to 70 k 0.3 pm (pennate diatoms). Procaryotic cell clearance rates were higher than those for the other groups, suggesting a higher grazing efficiency upon these prey types. Specific clearance rates showed a pattern of decrease with sponge size increase, although they did not vary with prey concentration or with temperature. Overall, procaryotes contributed 74 k 14 % of the total ingested carbon, picoand nanoeucaryotes contributed 11 i 3"&, and phytoplankton contnbuted 11 i IOU:>. Therefore, Dysidea avara obtained 85% of its ingested carbon from the fract~on smaller than 5 pm and 15% from the fractlon larger than 5 pm. Howcver, the partial contributions of the different groups varied seasonally, following the planktonic composition of the water column Dur~ng winter, phytoplankton was an important component of the total uptake [26°<)), whereas durlng the rest of the year it contnbuted less than 7 % of the total uptake. The capacity of this sponge to feed on a broad size range of prey allowed it to maintain rather constant food uptake throughout the year. These results show the importance of particle type (size) for selective uptake in sponges, as well as the relevance of phytoplankton in the sponge diet. This trophic plasticity may represent an advantage for the species because it attenuates the effects of seasonal fluctuations in the planktonic community. This plasticity in trophic ecology may be one of the main factors contributing to the worldwide abundance and distribution of sponges despite large spatial and temporal variations in food sources.
Automatic segmentation of hippocampal substructures

Segmentation of brain structures is an important component in the field of medical imaging because it provides support for diagnosis and treatment as well as therapy evaluation guidance. Modern technology allows acquisition of MR images with very high resolution up to 0.3 mm of spacing between voxels. In this context, we propose a fully automatic segmentation method focused on substructures of the Hippocampal Formation. For this purpose, we present the development and implementation of three relevant contributions. First, we introduce a fast registration method based on moments. Second, we present a multi-level initialization scheme for obtaining initial contours required for segmentation; this procedure is fully automatic and it requires a training set of images with manual annotations of the substructures of interest. Third, we introduce a new segmentation algorithm, which is based on active contours driven by moments prior. We minimize an energy cost function in order to get optimal segmentation employing signatures based on moments. We compared our results to state-of-the-art tools and show significantly improvement in time performance. In addition, we tested our method with patients with Alzheimer Disease.
A combined method for reliability analysis of multi-state system of minor-repairable components

This paper discusses the multi-state system (MSS) consisted of multi-state components with minor failure and minor repair. In order to obtain the reliability indices of MSS, a new combined method is suggested. This method is based on the Markov stochastic process and the universal generating function (UGF) technology. The traditional idea of modeling the MSS is to use straightforward Markov process. That is not effective enough for the MSS because the model of the system is complicated usually and the state space often arouses “dimension curse” huge numbers of the states. We suggest it should model the multi-state components and the UGF of multi-state components can be obtained firstly. Then the MSS can be decomposed into several subsystems which only contain simple series-parallel structure. According to the physical nature of the subsystems, the UGF of those subsystems can be employed recursively. Furthermore the UGF of the entire MSS will be obtained. Therefore, the reliability indices of the MSS can be evaluated easily. The suggested method simplifies greatly the complexity of calculation and is well formulized. Two numerical examples illustrate this method.
The Ablest Privilege Activity: An Active Learning Classroom Exercise

Social work educators are at the forefront of providing experiential learning opportunities for student preparation and the Council on Social Work Education’s (CSWE) reaffirmation standards underscores the need for social work students to be culturally competent practitioners. As technological advances result in the proliferation of online teaching modalities, active learning strategies must also be relevant for students in courses that do not meet in traditional face-to-face classrooms. This manuscript introduces an active learning exercise and analyzes statements from this activity titled, “The Ableist Privilege Activity. ” In the activity, students explore their privileges associated with cognitive and physical abilities. Results from student statements are used to develop practical implications in face-to-face and online classroom settings.
Spatial Configuration of Gross Regional Product of Russian Regions: Estimation and Forecast

The relation between Russia’s macroeconomic growth and its regional components for the period of 1990–2013 is considered in the paper. The goal is to estimate this ratio depending on the phase (stage) of development. The hypothesis is that the increase in regional disparities within the post-Soviet period, picked up by standard measures and noted by many authors, is not connected with the systemic removal of regional indicators from each other. The Russian regional space is considered to have specific forms of convergence-divergence, required to be identified. The dynamics of regional space configuration in Russia is considered from a new point of view — as a distribution of mass (volume) of the gross regional product (GRP) over the growth rates. The estimation and forecast of the structural characteristics of GRP mass distribution are made on the basis of the “distribution dynamics” approach. Using this approach, the forecast of the GRP dynamics and structure until 2025 is made. The average annual growth rate is expected to be around 104,5 % by 2025, while differentiation of growth rates significantly increases. The phase of macroeconomic growth over the last 15 years is reflected on its regional components: GRP growth in Russia in general, both before and after the crisis of 2009, creates a denser distribution than in 2009. The general trend of the 2000s and subsequent years is characterized by a certain decline in the differentiation of GRP per capita relating to the main regional space of Russia (74 regions). The results of this research may be useful for regional regulation policy purposes. A significant part of the Russian regions in 2009–2013, in spite of the dominant trend, provides dynamics not worse than that of the number of countries with a developed market. It seems that there is an urgent need to create a special scientific and practical project to study this phenomenon.
A greenhouse screening assay for Botrytis tulipae resistance in tulips

As a leaf pathogen, Botrytis tulipae severely affects tulip bulb production. Chemical control is not desired for environmental reasons. Thus, resistant cultivars can play an important role in the control of this disease. To select genotypes resistant to B. tulipae, a reliable screening assay is needed. A greenhouse test was developed to establish resistance at clonal level. Removal of the wax layer by soft rubbing of the leaves was essential to obtain a homogeneous distribution of the spore suspension on the leaves. Small lesions were found within 24 hr after inoculation. Continuous leaf wetness was obtained by regular water evaporation. This was essential to obtain rapidly spreading lesions. After eight days, leaves of susceptible genotypes were completely destroyed. Large differences in resistance were found within tulip genotypes. Feeding additions to the inoculum suspension enhanced the infection process, but were unnecessary. Plants inoculated before flowering were less sensitive to B. tulipae than plants inoculated at flowering. Plants inoculated after flowering were most sensitive to infection. Ranking of resistance for the tested genotypes before or after flowering however remained nearly the same. The influence of factors involved in the screening test and the implications for resistance breeding are discussed.
ANALYTICAL MODELING OF VOLUME INVERSION AND CHANNEL LENGTH MODULATION IN FULLY DEPLETED DOUBLE GATE NANOSCALE SOI MOSFETs

In this paper, surface potential sensitivity to channel length scaling for Fully Depleted Double Gate Nanoscale SOI MOSFETs is comprehensively investigated. Analytical expression for centre potential is then obtained whereby the key effect of volume inversion taking place for the modeled device leading to increase in mobility is illustrated. Variation of drain current with variation in process parameters like width and temperature and variation of tranconductance with temperature as a parameter is investigated. This work also includes modeling of transit time, which is one of the main figures of merits for analog/rf performance for Double Gate Fully Depleted Nanoscale SOI MOSFETs. Lastly, behavior of the modeled device in terms of mobility is investigated by varying the thickness of silicon film and gate oxide thickness through simulation carried out on 2D ATLAS device simulator.
Maximal surfaces in anti-de Sitter 3-manifolds with particles

We prove the existence of a unique maximal surface in each anti-de Sitter (AdS) convex Globally Hyperbolic Maximal (GHM) manifold with particles (that is, with conical singularities along time-like lines) for cone angles less than $\pi$. We interpret this result in terms of Teichm\"uller theory, and prove the existence of a unique minimal Lagrangian diffeomorphism isotopic to the identity between two hyperbolic surfaces with cone singularities when the cone angles are the same for both surfaces and are less than $\pi$.