Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systems that can learn from examples: Replica calculation of uniform convergence bounds for perceptrons.

The generalization abilities of neural networks for inferring a rule on the basis of examples can be characterized by the convergence of the learning error to the generalization error with increasing size of the training set. Using the replica technique, we calculate the maximum difference between training and generalization error for the ensemble of all perceptrons trained by a teacher perceptron and the maximal generalization error for the perceptrons that have a training error equal to zero. The results are compared with the rigorous bounds provided by the Vapnik-Chervonenkis theorem
Renal renin-angiotensin system.

ABSTRACT All the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are present within the kidney, and intrarenal formation of angiotensin (Ang) II occurs independently from the systemic RAS. Intrarenal Ang II is compartmentalized such that concentrations much higher than those existing in the circulation are maintained in the renal interstitial fluid and the proximal tubular compartment. The mRNA for angiotensinogen (AGT) is present in proximal tubular cells, and the protein is secreted into the tubules to increase intratubular formation of Ang I and II. Ang II is internalized via AT 1 receptor–mediated mechanisms into renal cellular endosomes. Ang II also stimulates AGT mRNA, thus leading to a positive amplification mechanism and further enhancement of intrarenal Ang II. Ang II has pleiotropic actions in the kidney regulating both cortical and medullary blood flow, vascular tone of the afferent and efferent arterioles, mesangial cells, and the sensitivity of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism via activation of AT 1 receptors. At the level of the tubules, Ang II regulates the transport rate of several transport systems in proximal and distal nephron segments via the activation of luminal and basolateral AT 1 receptors. Collectively, the actions of Ang II regulate many aspects of renal function, including renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and sodium excretion.
Duration of French Vowels in Unemphatic Stress

An experiment was designed to study the duration of French vowels in unemphatic stress, under controlled conditions. It was found that the lengthening of the stressed vowel depends primarily on two factors: intonation and syllable structure. Lengthening is greater when intonation falls than when it rises and this difference is more marked for open syllables than for closed syllables. Even though unemphatic stress correlates best with vowel duration when the intonation falls, it is suggested that when intonation rises, unemphatic stress correlates best with rising fundamental frequency and to a certain extent with the presence of a pause, and with vowel duration.
Socialization into nursing: nursing students as learners.

In this article, we describe how the functionalist and interactionist approaches to socialization are exemplified in the learning experiences of nursing students in a 4-year baccalaureate program. A qualitative longitudinal exploratory research design was used to study the socialization of baccalaureate nursing students in a large western Canadian university. The findings suggest that student learning reflects a combination of functionalist and interactionist approaches, with the relative emphasis of each approach varying over the 4 years. In the first year, functionalist learning predominates as students learn the "ideal. " In second and third year, students are confronting and adapting to reality, which requires a more interactionist approach. Fourth year students look beyond their practice situation as they anticipate and prepare for a reality beyond the student world. This article concludes with implications for nursing education.
RESEARCH ON HONEY IN WOUND MANAGEMENT

This chapter is intended to provide a broad overview of the current clinical data published on honey in wound management. It is not presented as a review, systematic or otherwise. Whilst honey and honey-based treatments have been used on wounds for millennia, it is only recently that we have seen any attempt to provide meaningful clinical data on medical grade honey products. This is not to discount all previous data, as that does have a role in guidance. According to Molan (2002):
Comparing the health status of U.S. taijiquan and qigong practitioners to a national survey sample across ages.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to examine and compare health status across ages using a volunteer sample of U.S. Taijiquan and Qigong (TQG) practitioners (N=120; age range=24-83, M=54.77) and a nationally representative sample (N=414,629; age range=18-99, M=54.86) collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). DESIGN The study design was cross-sectional, between-group comparisons. METHODS An online survey designed to collect data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), lifestyle variables, and TQG practice regimens was administered to a volunteer sample of taijiquan practitioners. A link to the survey was e-mailed to registrants of the International T'ai Chi Symposium who further forwarded (snowballed) the link to other practitioners across the country and around the world. The HRQoL and demographic sections of the survey were adapted from the CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Taiji practitioner data and BRFSS data were then merged and three groups--No Exercise, Some Exercise, and TQG Exercise--were created for the analysis. Health status was regressed on age, exercise group membership, and the interaction between age and group membership while controlling for income and education. RESULTS After controlling for the effects of income and education, a significant interaction effect (p<0.001) was detected between age and group membership. Group membership was not a substantial predictor of health among younger individuals, but among older adults, substantive and significant between-group differences appeared, with the TQG group evincing the best average health trajectory across ages. CONCLUSIONS Although this cross-sectional comparison cannot establish causality or rule out cohort effects, the extraordinary trajectory of health status among TQG practitioners in this U.S. sample is significantly better than average exercising and nonexercising U.S. Americans, even while controlling for the influence of income and education levels. Lifespan developmental theory is utilized to consider several factors beyond the physical exercise value of TQG that may be responsible for the exercise group differences.
Application of robust open-loop and closed-loop model predictive control to processes with safety constraints

This paper presents an approach for robust open-loop and closed-loop control of nonlinear processes with safety constraints. The approach leads to trajectories that establish a dynamic safety margin if uncertain parameters and uncertain initial conditions are present. The algorithm utilizes the Unscented Transformation. It allows a 2nd order approximation of the first two statistical moments of the system's output as a function of the stochastic system's state and uncertain model parameters. Because the numerical burden is low, it can be used for optimization based online closed-loop process control as well.
Progressive Adaptive Physical Activity in Stroke Improves Balance, Gait, and Fitness: Preliminary Results

Abstract Purpose: We conducted a noncontrolled pilot intervention study in stroke survivors to examine the efficacy of lowintensity adaptive physical activity to increase balance, improve walking function, and increase cardiovascular fitness and to determine whether improvements were carried over into activity profiles in home and community. Method: Adaptive physical activity sessions were conducted 3 times/week for 6 months. The main outcomes were Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic Gait Index, 6-Minute Walk Test, cardiovascular fitness (VO2 peak), Falls Efficacy Scale, and 5-day Step Activity Monitoring. Results: Seven men and women with chronic ischemic stroke completed the 6-month intervention. The mean Berg Balance baseline score increased from 33.9 ± 8.5 to 46 ± 6.7 at 6 months (mean ± SD; p = .006). Dynamic Gait Index increased from 13.7 ± 3.0 to 19.0 ± 3.5 (p = .01). Six-minute walk distance increased from 840 ± 110 feet to 935 ± 101 feet (p = 0.02). VO2 peak increased from 15.3 ± 4.1 mL/kg/min to 17.5 ± 4.7 mL/kg/min (p = .03). There were no significant changes in falls efficacy or free-living ambulatory activity. Conclusion: A structured adaptive physical activity produces improvements in balance, gait, fitness, and ambulatory performance but not in falls efficacy or free-living daily step activity. Randomized studies are needed to determine the cardiovascular health and functional benefits of structured group physical activity programs and to develop behavioral interventions that promote increased free-living physical activity patterns.
Use it or lose it--do effortful mental activities protect against dementia?

The past 15 years, since the cloning of the gene for amyloid precursor protein, have witnessed breathtaking advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia. Most findings point to a final common pathway involving the accumulation in the brain of the toxic β-amyloid peptide, a degradation product of amyloid precursor protein, resulting in progressive neuronal damage and concomitant cognitive deterioration. Notably, the border between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia has become increasingly blurred as shared pathologic processes have been identified. Against this background comes the study by Verghese et al. in this .
Inner symmetries of relativistic systems, the Laplace-Runge-Lenz symmetry, and the relativistic centre-of-mass

The talk concerns the inner symmetries of composite relativistic systems, their (generic) relation with the Laplace-Runge-Lenz (LRL) symmetry and the definition of the relativistic centre-of-mass. Global Lorentz-Poincaré symmetry implies the existence of LRL symmetry, in a naturally generalized sense, as part of the inner symmetry of these systems, and in a manner which is independent of the internal interaction. The corresponding LRL vectors form the internal moments associated with the Lorentz boost, which, in turn, determines the centre-of-mass.
Búsqueda de regiones genómicas con influencia sobre la resistencia a las tricostrongilidosis en el ganado ovino de raza churra

Las parasitosis gastrointestinales son una de las enfermedades mas importantes en los rumiantes domesticos afectando, fundamentalmente, a los animales cuyo sistema de explotacion esta basado en el pastoreo (Perry et al., 2002). El impacto de estas infecciones en el ganado ovino es muy elevado, tanto desde el punto de vista economico como del sanitario. Economicamente, la incidencia de la parasitosis es doble. Por una parte los animales parasitados presentan un menor nivel productivo, ya que los nematodos gastrointestinales reducen la eficiencia de los nutrientes, causando un menor potencial tanto en crecimiento como en produccion de leche. Por otra parte, es necesario contemplar el impacto economico que supone el tratamiento con antihelminticos. En general, en Espana se ha estimado que las infecciones por tricostrongilidos ovinos afectan alrededor del 90 % de los rebanos y estas infecciones son responsables del 30% de las perdidas economicas en el ganado ovino (Perez, 2003). Desde el punto de vista sanitario, los animales parasitados presentan una mayor susceptibilidad ante infecciones concomitantes y, al ser tratados con farmacos, estos productos pueden dejar residuos en la leche y/o en la carne, que afecten a su calidad.
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CHANNEL NORMALIZATION TECHNIQUES

A major part of the interaction between humans takes place via speech communication. The speech signal carries both useful and unwanted information. Processing of such signals involve enhancing the useful information. The intelligibility of speech signals is significantly reduced due to the presence of unwanted information such as noise. Channel normalization algorithms suppress such additive noise introduced in the speech signals by transmission channel or by recording environment conditions. Enhancing the quality and intelligibility of speech signals improve the performance of speech systems such as Automatic speech recognition (ASR) , voice communication and hearing aids to name the few. Based on the experimental results the comparative analysis of channel normalization techniques have been presented in this paper to find out the most suitable algorithm for enhancing the speech signals.
A simple time-slot ML-based frequency tracking scheme for OFDM systems

By using a pilot sample from a selected time-slot in a time-domain orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) block, we present a simple maximum-likelihood (ML) scheme for frequency tracking in OFDM systems over frequency-selective channels. The frequency offset estimator thus obtained is found to become unbiased and its mean square error (MSE) will approach the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is increased. Moreover, the selection of time slot can determine a trade-off between tracking accuracy and tracking range.
Rendering of mycobacteria safe for molecular diagnostic studies and development of a lysis method for strand displacement amplification and PCR

Two criteria must be met before mycobacterial specimens can be tested by DNA amplification methods: (i) the sample must be rendered noninfectious, and (ii) the organisms must be lysed to free the DNA. Previous publications reporting DNA amplification of mycobacteria have concentrated on lysis and amplification procedures and have not addressed the issue of sample safety. We have shown that heating of samples below 100 degrees C may not consistently kill mycobacteria; however, heating at 100 degrees C in a boiling-water bath or a forced-air oven for a minimum of 5 min kills mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium thermoresistibile. Furthermore, heating at 100 degrees C for 30 min consistently lyses mycobacteria to produce short fragments of DNA that are suitable for amplification by PCR and strand displacement amplification. This procedure works with clinical samples digested by the n-acetyl cysteine-NaOH method as well as with suspensions of organisms in phosphate buffer. This paper also demonstrates the feasibility of using strand displacement amplification with clinical specimens.
Clinical validity of karyotyping for the diagnosis of chromosomal imbalance following array comparative genomic hybridisation

Background Array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) represents a major advance in the ability to detect chromosomal imbalances (CI). A recent meta-analysis recommended aCGH for replacing karyotyping for patients with unexplained disabilities. However, favouring aCGH over karyotyping must be based on solid evidence due to the major implications of selecting a preferential diagnostic tool. Methods and results A prospective study of 376 samples was conducted to assess the relevance of karyotyping after a first-tier aCGH in patients with unexplained disabilities. aCGH detected CI in 28.7% of the cases. Out of 376 patients, 288 had undergone parallel karyotyping testing: 69.8% (201/288) showed similar results for both aCGH and karyotyping. For patients with a CI detected by aCGH, 7.9% (7/89) showed similar results for both aCGH and karyotyping. Among 20 patients with abnormal karyotyping, 13 showed dissimilar results compared to aCGH analysis: 4 patients (1.4%) had balanced rearrangements and 9 patients (3.1%) had additional chromosomal anomalies unseen using aCGH. This rate of unseen chromosomal anomalies is far superior to the previously estimated 0.5–0.78% prevalence and affects 10.1% (9/89) of patients with CI detected by aCGH in the tested population. Conclusions Since the clinical significance of CI identified by aCGH might be influenced by such discrepancies between the two methods, these may in turn have an impact on clinical diagnosis and patient counselling. It is proposed that each genetic laboratory should evaluate the relevance of karyotyping for all first-tier abnormal aCGH results in order to include the genomic (chromosomal) aspects of the aCGH findings in the diagnosis.
MKL1 mediates TNF-α induced pro-inflammatory transcription by bridging the crosstalk between BRG1 and WDR5

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine that can potently stimulate the synthesis of a range of pro-inflammatory mediators in macrophages. The underlying epigenetic mechanism, however, is underexplored. Here we report that the transcriptional modulator megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1) is associated with a histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity. Re-ChIP assay suggests that MKL1 interacts with and recruits WDR5, a component of the COMPASS complex responsible for H3K4 methylation, to the promoter regions of pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages treated with TNF-α. WDR5 enhances the ability of MKL1 to stimulate the promoter activities of pro-inflammatory genes. In contrast, silencing of WDR5 attenuates TNF-α induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators and erases the H3K4 methylation from the gene promoters. Of interest, the chromatin remodeling protein BRG1 also plays an essential role in maintaining H3K4 methylation on MKL1 target promoters by interacting with WDR5. MKL1 knockdown disrupts the interaction between BRG1 and WDR5. Together, our data illustrate a role for MKL1 in moderating the crosstalk between BRG1 and WDR5 to activate TNF-α induced pro-inflammatory transcription in macrophages.
Robot móvil autónomo para crear mapas 3D en un ambiente acotado

This work presents a mobile robot capable of producing a rough map of an interior of a building. The goal is to build a mobile robot, with the ability of self-localization, navigation, and mapping. To accomplish this, several technologies were used: Arduino development board, the Robot Operating System (ROS), and a Kinect sensor. The constructed robot offers a wide field of applications; besides mapping, other interesting alternatives are the exploration of dangerous zones, telepresence and education.
A Variant of Parainfluenza Type 2 Virus

Summary Three isolates of hemadsorption virus were recovered from children with respiratory infections in January 1966. The three isolates could not be distinguished from the prototype Greer strain of parainfluenza type 2 virus by the complement-fixation test using antisera against both the new isolate and Greer strain. However, the neutralization test and the hemagglutination-inhibition test revealed a difference between the new isolates and the prototype Greer strain. The antiserum against Greer strain was not inhibitory for the new isolates in the hemagglutination-inhibition test of the latter viruses before and after sonication and also in the neutralization test, whereas ether disruption of the hemagglutinin disclosed a common antigen in the new isolates and the Greer strain. In contrast to this, 6 isolates of 1965 were the same as the Greer strain in all serological tests.
Cave sedimentation, genesis, and erosional history in the Cheat River

A model of cave sedimentation and genesis is used to gain greater resolution and accuracy in the calculation of an incision rate for Cheat River, West Virginia. Maze caves along the river and their primary sediments were created and deposited beneath base level. Single conduit caves are largely unrelated to base level and their sediments are derived from overlying strata. A magnetostratigraphic record is reported for cave sediments within the canyon. The magnetostratigraphy of each sample is plotted versus elevation relative to base level and depositional environment (vadose or phreatic). The resulting chart accurately depicts the range of error associated with using cave sediments as indicators of previous base-level positions. This technique can be applied within any future studies using cave sediments for deriving incision rates of rivers. The calculated incision rate of Cheat River within the study area is between 56.0 and 63.2 mm/k.y.
Simian virus 40 and the human mesothelium.

Potentially tumorigenic papovaviruses and adenoviruses stimulate host cell DNA synthesis. The induction of an S phase appears to be essential for the integration of the viral genome into host cell DNA. The induction of host cell proliferation is a secondary consequence. Under natural conditions, the risk of malignant growth is counteracted by the viral oncogene-dependent triggering of apoptosis, e.g., through the ARF-p53 pathway, and/or by the immune response of the host. Efficient rejection responses are preferentially directed against MHC class I-associated peptide derivatives of the virally encoded transforming proteins.
SWI/SNF Complex Interacts with Tumor Suppressor p53 and Is Necessary for the Activation of p53-mediated Transcription*

The SWI/SNF complex is required for the transcription of several genes and has been shown to alter nucleosome structure in an ATP-dependent manner. The tumor suppressor protein p53 displays growth and transformation suppression functions that are frequently lost in mutant p53 proteins detected in various cancers. Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we show that several subunits of the human SWI/SNF complex bind to the tumor suppressor protein p53 in vivo and in vitro. The transactivation function of p53 is stimulated by overexpression of hSNF5 and BRG-1 and dominant forms of hSNF5 and BRG-1 repress p53-dependent transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay shows that hSNF5 and BRG-1 are recruited to a p53-dependent promoter in vivo. Overexpression of dominant negative forms of either hSNF5 or BRG-1 inhibited p53-mediated cell growth suppression and apoptosis. Molecular connection between p53 and the SWI/SNF complex implicates that (i) the SWI/SNF complex is necessary for p53-driven transcriptional activation, and (ii) the SWI/SNF complex plays an important role in p53-mediated cell cycle control.
China's economic growth and its real exchange rate

The shocks that underlie China's comparatively rapid growth include gains in productivity, factor accumulation and policy reforms that increase allocative efficiency. The well-known Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis links productivity growth in tradable industries with real appreciations. Yet it relies heavily on the law of one price applying for tradable goods, against which there is now considerable evidence. In its absence, other growth shocks also affect the real exchange rate by influencing relative supply or demand for home product varieties. This paper investigates the pre-conditions for the Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis to predict a real appreciation in the Chinese case. It then quantifies the links between all growth shocks and the Chinese real exchange rate using a dynamic model of the global economy with open capital accounts and full demographic underpinnings to labor supply. The results suggest that financial capital inflows most affect the real exchange rate in the short term, while differential productivity is strong in the medium term. Contrary to expectation, in the long term demographic forces prove to be weak relative to changes in the skill composition of the labor force, which enhances services sector performance and depreciates the real exchange rate.