Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DETECTION OF MALICIOUS PACKET DROPPING IN WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS BASED ON PRIVACY-PRESERVING PUBLIC

Security is one of the most important issues that have attracted a lot of research and development effort in past few years. In multi-hop wireless ad hoc network link error and malicious packet dropping are two sources for packet losses. Whether the losses are caused by link errors only, or by the combined effect of link errors and malicious drop are to be identified, can be known by observing a sequence of packet losses in the network. But in the insider-attack case, whereby malicious nodes that are part of the route exploit their knowledge of the communication context to selectively drop a small amount of packets critical to the network performance. Conventional algorithms that are based on detecting the packet loss rate cannot achieve satisfactory detection accuracy because the packet dropping rate in this case is comparable to the channel error rate. Hence to improve the detection accuracy, the correlations between lost packets is identified. The technique called Homomorphism linear authenticator (HLA) based public auditing architecture is developed that allows the detector to verify the truthfulness of the packet loss information reported by nodes. This technique provides privacy preserving, collusion proof, and incurs low communication and storage overheads. A packet-block based mechanism is also proposed, to reduce the computation overhead of the baseline scheme, which allows one to trade detection accuracy for lower computation complexity
On the Number of Ancestral Human Species

For the clade containing humans and other bipedal apes (or ‘hominins’), species diversity and the tempo and mode of macroevolution remain major controversies. The present contribution considers these issues within a broad framework provided by living Catarrhines and employing molecular clocks for species branching times. The fossil record is shown to likely dramatically under sample species diversity for the hominin clade while at the same time substantially underestimating species longevity. Finally, the tempo of speciation is found to be much shorter in hominins than typically seen in Catarrhines suggesting the human clade may be characterised by a large number of rapidly evolving and relatively short-lived species. Key Concepts: The clade containing humans (Tribe Hominini: vernacular ‘hominins’) possesses a large and diverse fossil record. All hominins except one (Homo sapiens) are now extinct, a paradox when compared to most primate groups. A proper understanding of hominin macroevolution requires a stable taxonomic framework founded in a reliable estimate of taxonomically relevant diversity. Hominin systematics is polarised into phenetic and cladistic schools of thought, each recognising starkly different levels of taxic diversity. Central to the historical practice of systematics has been the comparative method wherein evolutionary insights are provided by phylogenetic context. Hominins belong to the Parvorder Catarrhini, making Old World monkeys and apes phylogenetically appropriate analogues for testing scenarios about diversity and macroevolution. Molecular data for living and increasingly extinct primate species may be employed to test the question of diversity and to examine broad macroevolutionary trends. Molecular datasets avoid many of the biases and major gaps in the fossil record as well as providing an independent dataset to test existing scenarios. Primates are a charismatic mammal with an abundance of genetic data available for testing hominin macroevolution. Comparative investigations employing Catarrhine molecular data offer the potential to resolve conflicting hominin systematic and macroevolutionary hypotheses. Keywords: human evolution; macroevolution; diversity; speciation; comparative method; Catarrhines; molecular clock
Gastric Bypass Surgery Regulates Glucose Homeostasis Through the Hypothalamus

To explore the role of blood glucose regulation in gastric bypass surgery is a hot point in the treatment of diabetes in recent years. Current evidence is very clear that the gastric bypass surgery is one of the most promising therapy to cure type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms are not yet understood. Studying the mechanism of surgical treatment can not only understand the pathogenesis of diabetes, but also have important scientific and practical significance for clinically and safely carrying out this therapy. As is known to all, the body's energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis are regulated by the hypothalamus. Thus, we summarize the process mechanism of central regulation of glucose homeostasis in post-surgery and find that the hypothalamus after gastric bypass surgery showed enhanced expression of peripheral signal receptors, enhancement of leptin signal and insulin signal, and expression changes of certain related genes, then issued neuroendocrine signals to control peripheral insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Then, we prove that the improvement of peripheral metabolic status is caused by the decisive role of central regulation in post-surgery. These funding provide scientific basis to improve the understanding of the neuroendocrine mechanism of diabetes and the development of clinical implication of gastric bypass surgery.
Three primary malignancies in 17 years in a man with chronic hepatitis B

The occurrence of three primary malignancies in a single patient is an infrequent phenomonen with an estimated occurrence at 0.1%. Notably, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are particularly unlikely to develop extrahepatic primary malignancies. In this light, we present a case of patient with chronic hepatitis B who developed HCC, as well as two other primary malignancies. This case exhibits an exceedingly rare combination of cancers, underlining the importance of continued cancer surveillence in those with a history of primary malignancy.
Learning rate updating schemes of unsupervised learning

This paper first presents the improved convergence method using adjust learning rate (/spl alpha/) and clustering analysis in Kohonen's network. New learning rate method which adopts hyperexponential function to reduce the influence of order presented of input patterns improves the convergence time in training. We also propose the new error measuring method using Hamming distance between patterns of each class and cluster center, Secondly, new strategy to speed up training the GLVQ is also proposed. Instead of using learning update scheme by Pal et al. (1993), we introduce adaptive learning rate updating strategy. Though Pal et al.'s approach needs a priori information, approach proposed works without external parameters, and convergence time is reduced compared with Pal et al.'s.
Citation analysis and research impact of National Metallurgical Laboratory, India during 1972-2007: a case study

This paper provides an insight into the citation analysis of research publications of the National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML) during the period 1972-2007. It analysed 2830 most valuable citations spread over 561 publications made by the NML scientists and researchers indexed in Science Citation Index (SCI) retrieved through the Web of Science. It determines the research and citation impact using parameters such as extent of citation received in terms of number of citation per paper, year wise break up of citation, domain wise citation, self citations and citation by others, diachronous self citation rate, citing authors, citing institutions, highly cited papers and categories of citing documents, citing journals and impact factor. A Bradford plot constructed to determine the core-citing journals shows that the curve is a typical S shape which indicates subject maturity.
Association Between the Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Glucose Metabolism in Obese Children

Objectives: To determine the relationship between glucose metabolism and atherosclerosis assessed according to the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in non-diabetic obese children. Methods: We performed anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests, including the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The CIMTs on both sides were measured in obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 95 percentile) children by one researcher. Results: There were 44 boys and 22 girls, and the mean age was 10.73 ± 2.48 years (range, 8 - 14 years). The mean CIMT on both sides, age, BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile, OGTT results, and HbA1c level were not significantly different between the boys and girls. Simple correlation analyses showed that the fasting plasma glucose (PG) level (γ = 0.266, P = 0.034), PG at 90 min (γ = 0.318, P = 0.014), PG at 120 min (γ = 0.336, P = 0.009), HbA1c level (γ = 0.306, P = 0.015), PG increase at 90 min (PGΔ90) (γ = 0.310, P = 0.017), and PGΔ120 (γ = 0.338, P = 0.009) were significantly correlated with the left CIMT. In multiple regression analysis, the HbA1c level, PGΔ90, and PGΔ120 were significantly associated with the left CIMT (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Ultrasound-measured CIMT, especially the left CIMT, is a reasonable glucose metabolic indicator of atherosclerotic vascular complications in obese children.
Influence of Ethnicity on Circulating Biochemical Markers in a Healthy Pediatric Cohort (CALIPER)

Accurately established pediatric reference intervals (RIs) are essential for correct laboratory test interpretation and subsequent clinical decision making. Numerous studies have established sexand age-specific RIs for several biomarkers of health and disease. However, little is known of the influence of ethnicity on RIs. It was hypothesized that a limited number of biochemical markers exhibit major ethnic differences, warranting ethnic-specific RIs. Serum samples were collected from a large cohort of healthy children and adolescents (5-<19 years). Serum concentrations of 52 biochemical markers were statistically compared between major Canadian ethnic groups (i.e. Black, Caucasian, East Asian, and South Asian) in males and females. For the seven biomarkers that demonstrated large statistically significant ethnic differences, ethnic-specific RIs were calculated. Although the majority of biomarkers show similarity across ethnic groups, our data signify the importance of establishing ethnic-specific RIs for a subset of biomarkers to improve the accuracy of laboratory test interpretation.
Frequency dependence on bias current in 5 GHz CMOS VCOs: impact on tuning range and flicker noise upconversion

The tuning curve of an LC-tuned voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) substantially deviates from the ideal curve 1//spl radic/(LC(V)) when a varactor with an abrupt C(V) characteristic is adopted and the full oscillator swing is applied directly across the varactor. The tuning curve becomes strongly dependent on the oscillator bias current. As a result, the practical tuning range is reduced and the upconverted flicker noise of the bias current dominates the 1/f/sup 3/ close-in phase noise, even if the waveform symmetry has been assured. A first-order estimation of the tuning curve for MOS-varactor-tuned VCOs is provided. Based on this result, a simplified phase-noise model for double cross-coupled VCOs is derived. This model can be easily adapted to cover other LC-tuned oscillator topologies. The theoretical analyses are experimentally validated with a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS fully integrated VCO for 5 GHz wireless LAN receivers. By eliminating the bias current generator in a second oscillator, the close-in phase noise improves by 10 dB and features -70 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset. The 1/f/sup 2/ noise is -132 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset. The tuning range spans from 4.6 to 5.7 GHz (21%) and the current consumption is 2.9 mA.
Mobile IPv6 based multiple network interfaces management for ubiquitous communications

There axe various link-layer technologies coexisting in the market that support wireless connections, such as Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 and GPRS. These technologies are diverse in terms of bandwidth, coverage area, cost, power consumption, etc. Certain wireless networks are preferred over the others under certain circumstances. It is common that a mobile device is equipped with multiple wireless network interfaces, and connects to different networks at different time and locations in order to achieve ubiquitous communications. It is also possible for the mobile device to connect to multiple wireless networks simultaneously to enjoy aggregate bandwidth. Such kind of communications can be achieved by utilizing network mobility protocols, such as Mobile IP or Mobile IPv6. However, there is a number of issues that need to be concerned in multi-path communications, such as unbalanced traffic load among different network paths and out-ofsequence packet reception. A proper load sharing mechanism is necessary for ensuring efficient packet distribution to multiple network interfaces. Another problem we aim to tackle in the scope of heterogeneous network communications is that inter-system handoff usually causes abrupt change of network bandwidth and propagation delay, which will degrade the performance of end-to-end transport protocols such as TCP. It is possible to apply network-layer schemes to minimize TCP performance degradation without modifying TCP protocol. This M.Eng program includes the following three projects. 1) Design and develop an intelligent system that can automatically manage multiple network interfaces on the IX ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library
Potentiation of Cisplatin Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Lovastatin

Cisplatin (CIS) is an anticancer drugs used in the treatment of several solid tumors with nephrotoxicity as its main toxic effect. The current study was directed to assess the role of hypolipidemic drug (lovastatin) on sensitization of human colorectal cancer cells (HCT -116) to the action of CIS. This study assessed the action of lovastatin on sensitization of colorectal cancer cells to cisplatin by examining cisplatin cytotoxicity, cisplatin cellular uptake and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in presence and absence of Lovastatin 10 and 30 ug/ml. Lovastatin treatment at dose level of 10 and 30 µg/ml potentiated the cytocidal effect of cisplatin against the growth of HCT-116 cells with IC50 7.3 and 5.4 µg/ml, respectively compare to 18 µg/ml after treatment with cisplatin alone. Moreover, lovastatin increased the uptake of cisplatin into colorectal cancer cells with marked inhibition of P-glycoprotein pump. On conclusion Lovastatin treatment increases the antiproliferative activity of cisplatin against the growth of colorectal cancer cells due to inhibition the activity P-glycoprotein pump with marked increase in its cellular uptake.
Functional investigation of ESR1 fusions identified in endocrine therapy refractory estrogen receptor positive breast cancer

Metastatic estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer is an incurable disease that remains a clinical challenge and a public health burden. Over 40,000 women die each year from breast cancer and over 90% of these are due to metastatic disease. Although there has been great success with anti-endocrine treatment, most patients with metastatic disease develop resistance during the course of therapy. Loss of ER or missense mutations in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of ER are reported as causal mechanisms of resistance. Recently, our laboratory showed that ESR1 fusions involving loss of LBD, play a role in lack of response to therapy. Only limited knowledge exists on the actual frequency and functional role of ESR1 fusions. Hence, I aimed to expand the search for further ESR1 fusions in advanced breast cancer disease and to characterize the functional role of ESR1 fusions (ESR1-DAB2, ESR1-GYG1 and ESR1-SOX9) our lab published earlier along with the ESR1-LPP fusion found in a PDX-model. Screening of RNA-seq data of primary-metastatic paired breast tumors (n=45) in University of Pittsburgh cohort and metastatic BrCa (n=91) in the MET500 cohort revealed a total of five ESR1 fusions sharing identical breakpoint with ESR1-YAP1 fusion. ESR1-GYG1 was the only ESR1 fusion identified in the Pitt-cohort. For functional assessment, the ESR1 fusions were transiently and stably transfected into cell lines. The immunofluorescence staining confirmed the predominant nuclear localization of the ESR1 fusions, while ESR1-LPP and ESR1-GYG1 fusions additionally displayed cytoplasmic localization. ER activity assays via luciferase assay and qRT-PCR demonstrated estrogen-independent constitutive activity of ESR1 fusions that is unresponsive to anti-endocrine treatment. While ESR1-DAB2 and ESR1-SOX9 fusions induced the transcription of estrogen-responsive genes, only ESR1-SOX9 demonstrated statistically significant estrogen-independent proliferation in stable expressing T47D cells. Overall, active ESR1 fusions may have a critical role in developing anti-endocrine resistance and promoting tumor progression. Since ESR1 fusions with loss of LBD are recurrent in therapy-refractory ER-positive breast cancer, further comprehensive studies are needed (1) to determine their true frequency, (2) to understand their mechanism of action and (3) to determine their value as prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
Absorption and Translocation of Glyphosate in Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) as Influenced by Droplet Size, Droplet Number, and Herbicide Concentration

When herbicide concentration was constant, absorption of 14C-glyphosate increased with increasing droplet size (326 to 977 μm). Amount of 14C-glyphosate translocated away from the treated area, expressed as percent of absorbed, increased as droplet size decreased. Herbicide concentration of the droplet was more important than droplet number or droplet size in determining glyphosate absorption and translocation. Absorption and translocation increased with increasing herbicide concentration regardless of whether droplet size or number was altered in conjunction with herbicide concentration. This relationship explained why low spray volume (increased herbicide concentration) increased herbicide efficacy. The concentration gradient between droplet and leaf, rather than droplet coverage, was the primary mechanism responsible for the observed effect. Large droplets caused localized tissue injury, which may have caused decreased translocation.
Renin – angiotensin system (RAS) and hypertensive disease"From the link in pathophysiology to the outcomes of inhibition"

The renin – angiotensin system is a major contributor to both hypertension and associated pathophysiologic changes in the heart and cardiovascular wall (The target organ). Major basic and clinical trials have shown that ACE inhibitor and ARB are the main reninangiotensin system blockers in use assist in controlling hypertension and reducing target organ damage, thus they should be used as a first-line treatment for hypertension. Moreover, ARBs specifically reduces the frequency of atrial fibrillation and stroke, thus it has emerged as a new preventive and therapeutic strategy for these conditions. In theory, combining ACE inhibitor and ARBs maximizes benefits because it offers more complete RAS blockage but this expectation was not confirmed by most recent clinical trials and was not translated into real patients benefits. Renin inhibition was introduced as a better step for reducing angiotensin II, because it offer complete blockage of the whole system. Early studies confirmed that renin inhibitors reduced blood pressure better than ACE inhibitors but further large clinical trials have been started and therefore in the near future, further clinical evidences will be available to confirm the antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic effects of renin inhibitor.
Technology Mapping, Design for Testability, and Circuit Optimizations for NULL Convention Logic Based Architectures

Delay-insensitive asynchronous circuits have been the target of a renewed research effort because of the advantages they offer over traditional synchronous circuits. Minimal timing analysis, inherent robustness against power-supply, temperature, and process variations, reduced energy consumption, less noise and EMI emission, and easy design reuse are some of the benefits of these circuits. NULL Convention Logic (NCL) is one of the mainstream asynchronous logic design paradigms that has been shown to be a promising method for designing delay-insensitive asynchronous circuits. This dissertation investigates new areas in NCL design and test and is made of three sections. The first section discusses different CMOS implementations of NCL gates and proposes new circuit techniques to enhance their operation. The second section focuses on mapping multi-rail logic expressions to a standard NCL gate library, which is a form of technology mapping for a category of NCL design automation flows. Finally, the last section proposes design for testability techniques for a recently developed low-power variant of NCL called Sleep Convention Logic (SCL). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply grateful to my advisor Dr. Scott C. Smith, who introduced me to the world of asynchronous digital design and has provided me with guidance and financial support throughout the research and preparation of this dissertation. I would also like to thank my other advisory committee members, Dr. Al-Assadi, Dr. Di, Dr. Mantooth, and Dr. Wu. Also, a special thanks goes out to the faculty and staff at the University of Arkansas for their commitment to the students and to the University. DEDICATION I dedicate my dissertation to my loving parents, Alidad Alibeygi Parsan and Mahnesa Mohammadi Tahroudi, whose affection, love, encouragement, and unconditional support made this work possible. I also dedicate this dissertation to my love, Jingyi Zhao, for her unwavering support and encouragement throughout my doctorate program. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 NCL OVERVIEW 1 1.
Practical design of multi‐channel MOSFET RF transmission system for 7 T animal MR imaging

© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. In this work, we developed and tested a multi-channel radio frequency (RF) transmission system with compact metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) amplifiers for parallel excitation in 7 T animal MRI scanner. The system is composed of a multi-channel RF controller and four independent RF power amplifiers. Each power amplifier contains two amplification stages. The design was validated by simulation and bench test. The power gain for the amplifier is 18.7 dB at 300 MHz, demonstrating the sufficient amplification capability of the transmission system for small animal parallel excitation applications at 7 T. This compact RF power amplifier can be potentially used for on-coil amplification in multichannel RF array system.