Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Misconceptions of Reaction Rates on High School Level in Banjarmasin.

A Research was conducted to identify students’ misconceptions of class XI Science at SMAN 7 Banjarmasin on reaction rate material. The study aims to determine (1) what are misconceptions experienced by learners, and (2) determine the cause of learners’ misconceptions. This study uses quantitative and qualitative descriptive design survey study. The study population were students of class XI Science at SMAN 7 Banjarmasin. The study was conducted with a purposive sampling techniques. Based on this research, misconceptions experienced by learners in grade XI Science at SMAN 7 Banjarmasin include: definition of reaction rate is the number of reactions that take place per unit of time; the reaction rate is constant because no additional concentration; high-temperature reaction rate at the beginning and then decreased because the reaction does not last long; zero order reaction means no reaction occurs; the form of the rate equation 2 rate reductionN2O5 = rate of increase NO2 = 4 rate of increase O2 was wrong. exothermic reaction rate is faster because no heat is required; the activation energy (Ea) = enthalpy; the concentration factor, pressure, and volume affect the rate of reaction in the reaction of the gas with the zero order; additional volume of reactants with the same concentration affect the rate of reaction; if some of the reaction compared to the speed, reaction with the highest temperature is the rate of the reaction; when the temperature is raised, the rate of the reaction towards products increased for all chemical reactions; catalysts accelerate the reaction rate and ease of collision. Misconceptions that was experienced by learners were caused by preconception or early concept of learners, learners associative thinking, humanistic thinking, reasoning incomplete/wrong, wrong intuition, the stage of cognitive development of learners, and learners’ knowledge. Keywords:learners’ misconceptions, preconceptions, alternative conceptions, the reaction rate.
Selecting Optimal RBF Kernel with Machine Learning for Feature Extraction and Classification in SAR Images

Kernel methods are gaining popularity in image processing applications. The accuracy of feature extraction and classification on image data for a given application is greatly influenced by the choice of kernel function and its associated parameters. As on today there existing no formal methods for selecting the kernel parameters. The objective of the paper is to apply machine learning techniques to arrive at suitable kernel parameters and improvise the accuracy of kernel based object classification problem. The graph cut method with Radial Basis function (RBF) is employed for image segmentation, by energy minimization technique. The region parameters are extracted and applied to machine learning algorithm along with RBF’s parameters. The region is classified to be man made or natural by the algorithm. Upon each iteration using supervised learning method the kernel parameters are adjusted to improve accuracy of classification. Simulation results based on Matlab are verified for Manmade classification for different sets of Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) Images.
A continuous-wave THz imaging system

We develop a continuous wave terehertz (THz) imaging system operating at 288 GHz. This imaging system simply consitutes three parts including the source, two optical lenses, and the detector. The entire size is smaller than the tranditional pulsed THz imaging system. In this developed system, the THz wave is generated by a horn attenna which concentrates the wave in an azimuth angle of 3° ~ 5°. The source originates from a singnal generator, and then the frequency increases to 288 GHz after passing through an 8X multiplier. Next, THz wave is focused by a THz lens on the test sample. By controling the sample position in the x-z plane, we can scan it pixel-by-pixel in which each step along the x- or z- axes is 0.1 mm. After penetrating the test sample, another lens collects the transmitted THz wave and focuses them into the thermal detector. This detector can disply the collected THz power. Finally, by drawing the detected power of each pixel, a transmitted-intensity figure for all pixels is obtained. The resolution of this THz imaging system is about 1~2 mm at present. We have measured human molar tooth and obtained its transmitted figures. Besides, we also develop a technology to adjust the positions of the source and detector by a system containing one laser, one beamsplitter, and two mirrors. The relative positions between the source and detector is very important. The input of the source and the output of the detector are small so that they have to aim at each other very accurately in order to collect maximum transmitted power in the detector.
Lower crustal earthquakes near the Ethiopian rift induced by magmatic processes

Lower crustal earthquakes are commonly observed in continental rifts at depths where temperatures should be too high for brittle failure to occur. Here we present accurately located earthquakes in central Ethiopia, covering an incipient oceanic plate boundary in the Main Ethiopian Rift. Seismicity is evaluated using the combination of exceptionally well resolved seismic structure of the crust and upper mantle, electromagnetic properties of the crust, rock geochemistry, and geological data. The combined data sets provide evidence that lower crustal earthquakes are focused in mafic lower crust containing pockets of the largest fraction of partial melt. The pattern of seismicity and distribution of crustal melt also correlates closely with presence of partial melt in the upper mantle, suggesting lower crustal earthquakes are induced by ongoing crustal modification through magma emplacement that is driven by partial melting of the mantle. Our results show that magmatic processes control not only the distribution of shallow seismicity and volcanic activity along the axis of the rift valley but also anomalous earthquakes in the lower crust away from these zones of localized strain.
COMPARISON OF DISCRETE RETURN AND WAVEFORM TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING FOR DENSE VEGETATION FILTERING

Abstract. In this paper we present the results of the comparison between two terrestrial laser scanners (TLS), a discrete return system (Riegl LMS-Z620) and an echo-digitizing system (Riegl VZ-400), employed for the survey of a dense forested area, in the italian Alps. The site is actually undergoing a strong debate among the inhabitants and local government authorities about the exploitation of the area as a huge quarry to produce building material. The dispute originates from the uncertainty about the instability of the underlying mountain slope, which was interested in 1966 by a landslide. The whole area was surveyed with the two laser scanners on February 2011 during the vegetation dormant period. A slight different processing workflow was applied to the collected datasets: the VZ-400 scans were pre-filtered by exploiting the "calibrated relative reflectance" readings and the multi-target capability provided by this laser scanning system. Next, two different spatial filters were applied to both the resulting georeferenced 3D models, in order to eliminate as much vegetation as possible: iterative filter and a custom morphological filter, developed by the authors. Achieved results show that for both datasets, the iterative and the morphological filters perform quite well for eliminating the vegetation, though some manual editing is still required since vegetation does not feature a prevalent growing direction. Furthermore, the comparison between the number of points left in the final DTMs shows that the VZ-400 provided a one order of magnitude denser point cloud wrt. the LMS-Z620. This demonstrates that a TLS with multi-target capability can potentially provide a more detailed DTM even in presence of dense vegetation.
Institutional Isomorphism and Decoupling among Korean Firms: Adoption of Performance Compensation System

This study draws on the idea of isomorphism and decoupling to explain the rapid diffusion of performance compensation system among Korean firms in its compromised rather than pure form. Empirical analysis of data on Korean firms confirms that three mechanisms of isomorphism—coercive, normative, and mimetic—operate in the process toward isomorphism among Korean firms in their adoption of performance compensation system, but only its compromised form between seniority and performance pay. While labor union as a potential source of resistance promotes decupling, the role of professionals such as consultants or HRM experts suppresses the possibility of decoupling.
African Carrion Ecosystems and Their Insect Communities in Relation to Forensic Entomology

African carrion communities contain representatives of the same families that occur in carrion communities on other continents. Checklists and identification guides are tabulated, and the natural histories of core members of the terrestrial community are outlined. Because of strong phylogenetic trends in the biology of the families, the species are effectively ecological surrogates of their relatives elsewhere. These phylogenetic trends also allow the definition of a set of guilds of functionally equivalent species that unify the study of carrion communities world-wide, and a revised suite of guilds is described with both synecological and forensic purposes in mind. Although the decomposition process has been arbitrarily subdivided into stages, they have little direct relation to the dynamics of the carrion community, and should be treated as landmarks rather than phases. Community turnover follows a qualitatively predictable succession, with the greatest species richness and diversity around the ecotone-like transition from ‘wet-phase’ to ‘dry-phase’ carrion habitats. These habitats are differentiated along interacting ecological gradients of dietary quality, competition, and risk of predation, which are important to the core guilds. Competition and predation have strong effects on population dynamics of community members, but link particular species only weakly, so that the succession pattern largely reflects the autecology of the individual species. Discrete waves of species are absent, which increases the temporal resolution, and therefore the forensic value, of the succession as a ‘clock’. The forensic significance of various aspects of community and trophic dynamics are discussed, and means of applying ecological theory to investigations are reviewed.
Network Insights for Partner Selection in Inter-Organisational New Product Development Projects

Selecting partners for inter-organisational new product development (NPD) projects is an important yet under-supported task. This paper provides decision-support for the collaboration stages of partner exploration and search. In particular, we propose a conceptual framework for a data-driven and network-based platform. The framework integrates prior research on factors determining successful NPD collaborations and makes the factors actionable by connecting them to publicly available data and by modelling technological, relational and geographical closeness between firms.
A Study on Process, Strength and Microstructure Analysis of Low Temperature SnBi-Containing Solder Pastes Mixed with Lead-free Solder Balls

As the traditional eutectic SnPb solder alloy has been outlawed, the electronic industry has almost completely transitioned to the lead-free solder alloys [1] [2]. The conventional SAC305 solder alloy used in lead-free electronic assembly has a high melting and processing temperature with a typical peak reflow temperature of 245oC which is almost 30oC higher than traditional eutectic SnPb reflow profile. Some of the drawbacks of this high melting and processing temperatures are yield loss due to component warpage which has an impact on solder joint formation like bridging, open defects, head on pillow [3], and other drawbacks which include circuit board degradation, economic and environmental factors [4], and brittle failure defects in the circuit board like pad cratering. To overcome this, a detailed study has been carried out on low temperature lead-free solder paste that utilizes Bi bearing alloys. Three low temperature lead-free solder pastes Sn-58Bi, Sn57Bi-1Ag and Sn-40Bi-Cu-Ni with the melting temperatures around 138oC (which is 45oC below eutectic SnPb and 79oC below SAC) were printed on Cu-OSP finish test boards. These pastes were assembled with SAC305, Sn99CN and Sn100C solder spheres. The range of Bi concentrations for various resulting mixtures used in this study was calculated to be in the range of 2 to 4 wt%. The mixtures were reflowed under two different low temperatures reflow profiles; (a) a traditional SnPb profile with a peak temperature 217oC and (b) a low temperature SnBi profile with a peak temperature 177oC (recommended by the paste manufacturer). After the assembly process, the mixed solder joints were shear tested to study the failure modes and shear strength at rate of 27.50mils/sec. Cross sectioning was performed to evaluate the possible microstructural changes at room temperature and after aging conditions that may have led to the changes in failure mode observed in shear testing. The isothermal aging condition used in the study is 125oC for 200 hours which mimics 21 years of field storage at 25oC degrees using Arrhenius extrapolation for Cu6Sn5 intermetallic formation. Our study suggests that high temperature reflow profile (217oC peak profile) had better mechanical strength than the low temperature reflow profile (177°C peak profile). A metallurgical explanation for the improvement is presented in this paper. Thus, this paper describes that by generating a robust reflow assembly process for SnBi solder paste, the shear strength can be increased, cost of manufacturing can be reduced and high temperature assembly process (SAC) issues can be minimized which may improve product yield in production.
Localized strain measurements using an integration method to process intensity reflection spectra from a chirped FBG

A chirped fiber Bragg grating was used to measure the non-uniform strain profile of a notched aluminum specimen used to simulate a cracked structure. The specimen was subjected to tensile tests that produced regions of non-uniform strain near the notches. Analysis of power reflectance spectra from the grating, through the use of an integration method, enabled the strain profile near the notches to be determined. Unlike other intragrating sensing methods, this method did not require a disturbance hypothesis to be postulated. The strain profile results from this intragrating sensor were in reasonable agreement with predictions from modeling conducted using the finite element method.
The voices of survivors documentary

This article describes a method of developing physician education materials using analysis of domestic violence patient experiences and patients’ descriptions of their experiences. The process began with interviews of 21 domestic violence survivors, focusing on what they wanted to teach physicians. Qualitative analysis of these interviews identified 4 main themes regarding what survivors wanted physicians to understand about life in an abusive relationship: that domestic violence is universal, that it is more than just physical assaults, that it is all about power and control, and that it affects the entire family. Because what survivors wanted from physicians differed depending on where they were in their abusive relationships, recommendations were developed for each of 5 common situations: when a patient may not yet recognize the abuse, when s/he may not be ready or able to disclose the abuse, when s/he chooses to remain in an abusive relationship, when s/he is seeking care for an acute assault, and when s/he has left the relationship but not yet healed. Interview excerpts representing each of the identified themes are used to create a 30-minute educational documentary. A written companion guide covers the traditional aspects of domestic violence education. In teaching about domestic violence or other health problems where it is difficult for physicians to understand their patients intuitively, an educator’s most important role may be to direct learners to listen to the experience and wisdom of patients.
Mediterranean Diet beyond the Mediterranean Basin: Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment

The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns. Current scientific evidence supports that this dietary pattern is associated with lower prevalence and incidence of a number of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and age-related cognitive decline as well as reduced overall mortality. The Mediterranean diet includes a wide variety of foods that are eaten in moderation and enjoyed in a positive social environment. It is characterized by a high intake of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, fish and seafood, white meats, olive oil, herbs, and spices paired with moderate consumption of fermented dairy products and wine and low intake of red meat, butter, and sugar. The generic term “Mediterranean diet” was coined in the Seven Countries Study led by Ancel Keys in the 1950s. Yet, in spite of its name, this dietary pattern and its benefits are not confined exclusively to the Mediterranean Basin. Among other world regions, Central Chile exhibits climate, agriculture, and culinary traditions similar to various Mediterranean countries. It is therefore essential to increase awareness about the Mediterranean-like richness of both produce and culinary culture beyond the Mediterranean Basin. Active promotion of this dietary pattern may offer health benefits and improve the quality of life in many populations worldwide.
Information and Process Modeling for Simulation – Part I

In simulation engineering, a system model mainly consists of an information model describing a system's state structure and a process model describing its dynamics, including its state changes. In the fields of Information Systems and Software Engineering (IS/SE) there are widely used standards such as the Class Diagrams of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for making information models, and the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) for making process models. This tutorial presents a general approach, called Object-Event Modeling (OEM), for Discrete Event Simulation modeling using UML class diagrams and BPMN-based process diagrams at all three levels of model-driven simulation engineering: for making conceptual domain models, for making platform-independent simulation design models, and for making platform-specific, executable simulation models. In our approach, object and event types are modeled as special categories of UML classes, random variables are modeled as a special category of UML operations constrained to comply with a specific probability distribution, and queues are modeled as ordered association ends, while event rules are modeled both as BPMN-based process diagrams and in pseudo-code. In Part II, we will discuss the more advanced OEM concepts of activities and GPSS/SIMAN/Arena-style Processing Networks, while in Part III we will further extend the OEM paradigm towards agent-based modeling and simulation by adding the concepts of agents with perceptions, actions and beliefs.
Construction of a High-Density Genetic Map and Its Application to QTL Identification for Fiber Strength in Upland Cotton

Cotton (Gossypium sp.) is an important worldwide cash crop that provides a competitive renewable natural fiber supply for the demands of textile industry. The development of new textile technologies and the improvement of living standards increase the demands for both fiber quantity and fiber quality. ‘0–153’ is an upland cotton cultivar with excellent fiber quality derived from Asiatic cotton sources, especially with regards to fiber strength. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fiber strength in this line, a recombinant inbred line population consisting of 196 lines was developed from a cross between it and ‘sGK9708’. A genetic linkage map consisting of 2393 loci was constructed using this recombinant inbred line population, with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the IntlCottonSNPConsortium_70k chip. Quantitative trait loci for fiber strength were detected across 11 environments using both single-environment and combined multipleenvironment models. A total of 63 QTLs controlling fiber strength were detected by the single-environment model. Sixteen QTLs were identified by the combined multipleenvironment model. These QTLs could make a contribution to the improvement of fiber quality via marker-assisted selection and provide useful information for QTL fine mapping and functional gene research activities as well. Z. Zhang, Q. Ge, A. Liu, J. Li, J. Gong, H. Shang, Y. Shi, T. Chen, Y. Wang, K.K. Palanga, J. Muhammad, X. Deng, Y. Tan, R. Liu, X. Zou, H. Rashid, M.S. Iqbal, W. Gong, and Y. Yuan, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology; Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Anyang, 455000 Henan, China; Q. Lu, Anyang Institute of Technology, 455000 Henan, China. Z. Zhang, Q. Ge, and A. Liu contributed equally to this work. Received 23 June 2016. Accepted 8 Nov. 2016. *Corresponding authors (wkgong@aliyun.com, youluyuan@hotmail.com). Abbreviations: CIM, composite interval mapping; FS, fiber strength; ICIM, inclusive composite interval mapping; LOD, logarithm of odds; MAS, marker-assisted selection; PIN, probability in stepwise regression; PV, phenotypic variation; QTL, quantitative trait locus; RIL, recombinant inbred line; SDM, segregation distortion marker; SDR, segregation distortion region; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; SSR, simple sequence repeat. Published in Crop Sci. 57:774–788 (2017). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2016.06. 0544 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Published March 3, 2017
Anticancer Activities of Ferrous and Ferric Ions in Progression, Proliferation, Angiogenesis, Invasion and Metastasis against Cancer and Tumor Cells

The process of ferroptotic death is characterized by the overwhelming, iron-depending accumulation of lethal lipid ROS. Unlike other forms of apoptotic and non-apoptotic death, this requirement for ROS accumulation appears to be universal. Redox cycling is a characteristic of transition metals such as iron (Ferritin Fe 3+ ⇄ Ferrous Fe). Iron via the Fenton reaction can exacerbate the consequences of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, leading to the generation of hydroxyl radicals. The superoxide ion can participate in regenerating ferrous iron that is required for the Fenton reaction. An excess of iron is toxic due to its ability to engage in redox cycling and promote free radical formation. Super oxide anion generation; O2 → ・O2 . Hydrogen peroxide production; ・O2 + 2H + + e→ H2O2. Haber-Weiss reaction; H2O2 + O2 → ・OH + OH + O2. Fenton reaction; Fe 2+ + H2O2 → Fe 3+ + OH + ・OH. Reduction to Fe(II); Fe + ・O2 → Fe 2+ + O2. Ferritin is stable in iron-rich conditions, whereas it is rapidly degraded under conditions of iron starvation and ferritin degradation can be led. New blood vessel formation in angiogenesis is fundamental to tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic dissemination. Iron deficiency will lead to the dysfunction of immune system, metabolic disorders, myasthenia and anemia, whereas, excess iron also damages several vital organs. Thus, iron is essential for multiple cell functions, but is also potentially deleterious reasons of its ability to generate free oxygen radicals, iron balance by continuously recycling and reusing cellular iron, storage in ferritin, and export through ferroportin protecting cells from free iron toxicity. However. the exact molecular mechanism involved on iron imbalance in development for tumor cells and the iron overload-mediated induction of apoptosis are required to be explored in future.