Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence and characteristics of falls leading to hospital treatment: a one-year population surveillance study of the Danish population aged 45 years and over

Aims: The aim was to quantify and characterize the incidence of fall injury events among middle-aged and older adults who require acute medical attention at Danish hospitals. Methods: A one-year population surveillance study was carried out, based on the Danish National Hospital Register (DNHR), which covers all somatic hospital discharges and accident and emergency (A&E) services at hospitals in Denmark. Results: During 1996 a total of 81,121 fall injury events were treated at A&E departments or resulted in admission to a somatic hospital department among Danes aged 45 years and over. Up to age 50 years the incidence rates of injurious fall events requiring medical attention were similar in men and women. At age 50 years, the incidence rates in women exceeded the rates in men and remained 1.2—1.8 times higher thereafter. After age 70 years, the rates increased exponentially in both sexes: from 27.4 and 49.3 per 1,000 person-years in men and women, respectively, to peaks of 112.8 and 170.8 per 1,000 person-years, respectively, at age 85 years and over. The proportion of falls occurring indoors and in institutional settings increased with advancing age. Compared with men, women had higher rates of fall-related contusions, distortions and fractures at all ages. Conclusions : Fall-prevention programmes should be directed towards the population aged 70 years and over, in particular towards women and hazards in residential environments. Our finding of an increasing incidence of injurious fall events among women around the time of the menopause raises the hypothesis that loss of oestrogen production plays a role in the aetiology of falls in women.
A new derivative free method for optimal experimental design utilizing a maximum a posteriori update

We present a new derivative free method for the calculation of the information content of a planned experiment in optimal experimental design (OED). It is shown that in case of a mathematical model that is linear in the model parameters the new approach yields the same result as a calculation with the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM). The new algorithm is derived from a maximum a posteriori (MAP) update. The needed statistical moments of the planned trajectory are calculated using a derivative free approach, the Unscented Transformation (UT). The algorithm is demonstrated using a simple, but very instructive biological growth model.
Retinal Topography of the Harp Seal Pagophilus groenlandicus

The total number, size, topographic distribution, and cell density of ganglion cells were studied in retinal wholemounts of the harp seal Pagophilus groenlandicus. Ganglion cell size varied from 10 to 60 µm. A distinct group were large ganglion cells more than 30–35 µm in diameter which were similar to α-cells known in terrestrial mammals. The number of α-cells constituted 5.3–5.9% of the total ganglion cell population. The cell size distribution was bimodal, with the second mode composed of α-cells. The topographic distribution of ganglion cells showed a definite area of high cell density similar to area centralis of terrestrial carnivores. This area was located in the temporal retinal quadrant, 7–8 mm (16–18°) from the optic disk. In this area, the peak cell densities in two wholemounts were 2,500 and 1,650 (mean 2,075) cells/mm2. With a posterior nodal distance of 25.5 mm (underwater), this density corresponded to 495 and 327 (mean 411) cells/deg2. These values predict a retinal resolution of 2.7–3.3′ (11.1–9.0 cycles/deg) in water and 3.6–4.4′ (8.3–6.8 cycles/deg) in air. Topographic distributions of α-cells was qualitatively similar to that of the total ganglion cell population, but the density of α-cells constituted only a few percent (mostly 3–7.5%) of the total ganglion cell density.
SURVEYING THE AGENTS OF GALAXY EVOLUTION IN THE TIDALLY STRIPPED, LOW METALLICITY SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD (SAGE-SMC). I. OVERVIEW

The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) provides a unique laboratory for the study of the lifecycle of dust given its low metallicity (∼1/5 solar) and relative proximity (∼60 kpc). This motivated the SAGE-SMC (Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution in the Tidally Stripped, Low Metallicity Small Magellanic Cloud) Spitzer Legacy program with the specific goals of studying the amount and type of dust in the present interstellar medium, the sources of dust in the winds of evolved stars, and how much dust is consumed in star formation. This program mapped the full SMC (30 deg2) including the body, wing, and tail in seven bands from 3.6 to 160 μm using IRAC and MIPS on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The data were reduced and mosaicked, and the point sources were measured using customized routines specific for large surveys. We have made the resulting mosaics and point-source catalogs available to the community. The infrared colors of the SMC are compared to those of other nearby galaxies and the 8 μm/24 μm ratio is somewhat lower than the average and the 70 μm/160 μm ratio is somewhat higher than the average. The global infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) shows that the SMC has approximately 1/3 the aromatic emission/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon abundance of most nearby galaxies. Infrared color–magnitude diagrams are given illustrating the distribution of different asymptotic giant branch stars and the locations of young stellar objects. Finally, the average SED of H ii/star formation regions is compared to the equivalent Large Magellanic Cloud average H ii/star formation region SED. These preliminary results will be expanded in detail in subsequent papers.
Measuring the Maturity of a Factory for Industry 4.0

In recent years, the industry is evolving to fully digitize and intelligentize its production processes. This study primarily aims to be a guide to managers who want to raise their plants to the industry 4.0 level. Second objective is to help a manufacturing operation find out the answers to the questions of “which industry level we are in? ” and on which level we want to be? According to the findings, this research shows that the chosen company is far from the industry 4.0 level. The company's industry maturity average was 2.44, which is also the middle of the 20th century, when the industry represented 2.0.
Probing spectral-temporal correlations with a versatile integrated source of parametric down-conversion states

The spectral-temporal correlation and the correlation time of a biphoton wavepacket generated in the process of parametric down-conversion (PDC), is of great importance for a broad range of quantum experiments. We utilise an integrated PDC source to generate biphotons with different types of spectral-temporal correlations and probe their respective correlation times. The outcomes confirms that the correlation time is independent of the coherence time of the pump light, and it is only determined by the waveguide length and its dispersion properties. Furthermore, we investigate the properties of the PDC biphoton wavepacket exhibiting different types of spectral-temporal correlations and their suitability for quantum-enhanced applications.
Centrality measures analysis in overlapped communities: An empirical study

Community detection is one of the important issues in social networks analysis. Community detection algorithms identify distinct or overlapped communities and include different methods. In this article we use clique percolation method (CPM) as an overlapping community detection method for analysis of six datasets. The goal of our study is to survey the effect of centrality measures on detected overlapped communities by using Clique Percolation Method. The results indicate that in all datasets the nodes which have greater betweenness and degree centralities than average betweenness and degree centralities of whole network and have lower closeness centrality than average closeness centrality of whole network have potential of being overlapping nodes. But CPM finds overlapped nodes in lower time than centrality measures. Overlapped nodes are effective nodes for propagation and word of mouth.
Increasing network reliability to correlated failures through optimal multiculture design

Monoculture in a computer network is defined as executing the same protocols and software on all the networking devices. Multiple, correlated failures may be triggered in a monoculture network by attacks that exploit existing vulnerabilities in either protocols, software, or hardware. In this paper, optimal multiculture network design is used to improve the network reliability in the presence of correlated attacks. The multiculture network design is formalized using two sequential optimization problems: The first one for optimally selecting the number of network devices from each available vendor at the design stage, and the second one for optimally placing the devices in the network topology. Results show the capability of multiculture design in improving network reliability of eight actual topologies.
The transmembrane inner ear (Tmie) protein is essential for normal hearing and balance in the zebrafish

Little is known about the proteins that mediate mechanoelectrical transduction, the process by which acoustic and accelerational stimuli are transformed by hair cells of the inner ear into electrical signals. In our search for molecules involved in mechanotransduction, we discovered a line of deaf and uncoordinated zebrafish with defective hair-cell function. The hair cells of mutant larvae fail to incorporate fluorophores that normally traverse the transduction channels and their ears lack microphonic potentials in response to vibratory stimuli. Hair cells in the posterior lateral lines of mutants contain numerous lysosomes and have short, disordered hair bundles. Their stereocilia lack two components of the transduction apparatus, tip links and insertional plaques. Positional cloning revealed an early frameshift mutation in tmie, the zebrafish ortholog of the mammalian gene transmembrane inner ear. The mutant line therefore affords us an opportunity to investigate the role of the corresponding protein in mechanoelectrical transduction.
Tryptophan Metabolism in Affective Psychoses

Tryptophan has attracted attention during recent years for the possible role played by some of its metabolites in the aetiology and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Of these metabolites, serotonin has received special attention and considerable work has been carried out in order to elucidate its physiological and pharmacological actions. Studies from animal experiments are thus available on the function of serotonin in nervous activity (Marrazzi and Hart, 1955; Brodie et al., 1955; Pletscher et al., 1956; Welsh, 1957), but the results obtained thus far in psychiatric patients are uncertain. Recent researches in the affective psychoses (Burgermeister et al., 1963) did not reveal significant differences between patients and normal controls in the urinary output of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) before or after an oral 5-hydroxytryptophan load.
Orgasm during intercourse: a treatment strategy for women.

As noted in previous chapters, there is disagreement about whether a woman who can reach orgasm during masturbation or partner manipulation but not during coitus should be considered dysfunctional. Adding to this controversy has been the fact that most sex therapy programs have reported mediocre success in achieving coital orgasm with such patients. This chapter accepts coital orgasm as a legitimate goal and offers a conditioning program of pairing vaginal insertion with clitoral stimulation to achieve coital orgasm. As is the case with many of the clinical articles in this volume, the small number of patients treated suggests caution in accepting this procedure as uniformly effective.
Onset of fights and mutual assessment in ant founding queens

ABSTRACT In animals, the progress and outcome of contests can be influenced by an individual's own condition, their opponent's condition or a combination of the two. The use of chemical information to assess the quality of rivals has been underestimated despite its central role in the regulation of social interactions in many taxa. Here, we studied pairwise contests between founding queens of the ant Lasius niger to investigate whether the decision to engage in agonistic interactions relies on self-assessment or mutual assessment. Queens modulated their aggressive behaviours depending on both their own status and their opponent's status. We found no influence of lipid stores or size on the onset of fights. However, differences in cuticular chemical signatures linked to fertility status accurately predicted the probability of behaving aggressively in pairs. Our study thus suggests that ant queens could rely on mutual assessment via chemical cues to make informed decisions about fight initiation. Summary: Lasius niger ant queens compare their own status of fertility with that of their rivals before deciding whether to engage in lethal interactions.
A comparative corporate governance mechanism

This paper presents an analysis of the connection between management and governance. Management is a business function that has been entrusted with providing leadership support to organisations' resources to realise strategic goals and objectives. In contemporary management, however, another function of leadership has been realised which is governance. Experts have identified that while the two have distinctive responsibilities, collaboration can be effective in realising value for the stakeholders. The paper has examined governance and management from an explicit perspective and then identified the boundaries, connections, and issues between them. The study has found out that although the management and governance have differed in responsibilities to the organisation, they both are responsible for leadership. Notably, however, it has also been identified that since it is the role of the governing body to monitor and guide the management, management issues such as impression management arise. The paper has adopted the content analysis research design which involves studying literature and identifying patterns to draw a conclusion. Literature research related to the two key words; management and governance. Key words: Governance, management, leadership, strategic goals, organisation.
Cybersecurity Management for (Industrial) Internet of Things: Challenges and Opportunities

The internet of things (IoT) is about an integration between the physical and the cyber worlds in several aspects of peoples’ lives, with benefits of convenience and entertainment in the “smart home” domain, and process optimization, costs savings and business opportunities in the industrial, “smart city” and other domains such as power and health care, however, associated with concerns about security. Security is a must for IoT systems to protect sensitive data and critical physical infrastructure. It is estimated that the number of networked devices will reach 20-50 billion by 2020 on a global scale. Security risks can become expensive (particularly in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications) and dangerous for corporations, governments and even individuals’ lives, and strategies to combat cybercrime are being developed. However, there are 3 main challenges for solving security issues in IoT and IIoT settings: Applications operate in highly distributed environments, heterogeneous smart objects are used, and sensors and actuators are limited in terms of power and computational resources. Therefore, traditional security countermeasures do not work efficiently in IoT systems. A key security challenge in the IoT context is the increase of the overall attack surface for malicious attacks, as compared to isolated (i.e., non-connected) systems. Cybersecurity management has to increase awareness, competence levels and assess novel technologies such as blockchain and SDN (Software Defined Networking). Opportunities are offered by 5G and “green” IoT, particularly with regard to energy and CO2 emissions savings. This review article discusses the state-of-the-art, trends and developments arounds challenges and opportunities in cybersecurity management.
Influence of Modification of Neurotoxin II of Naja Naja Oxiana on Stoichiometry of Its Complexes With Acetylcholine Receptor (

A previous article untilized NMR spectroscopy to demonstrate that gramicidin-A (GA) complexes in anion micelles with ions of Li , Na and T1 form a channel of two right individual 7r spirals associated N-end to N-end and that it is this structure which is responsible for the ionophoric properties of GA in bilayer membranes. This article additionally determines the orientation of side chains of the transmembrane GA channel and undertakes energy optimization of its spatial structure considering the limitations following from the NMR spectroscopic data. The possibility is also analyzed of conformation restructuring of the molecule. The methodology and software developed in this work allow reconstruction of the spatial structure, determination of mobile sectors and study of the conformation capabilities of the GA transmembrane channel. The relationship of the spatial structure and functions of the transmembrane channel are described. Pores about 4 A in diameter are located along the axis of the right spatial, through which monovalent cations and water molecules overcome the hydrophobic barrier of the membrane. On the outer surface of the spiral are hydrophobic side chains of aminoacid groups, supporting optimal interaction of the channel with lipids. The results obtained are valid only for the "open" or conducting state of the GA channel. Figures 4; references 63: 4 Russian, 59 Western. 6508/12947 CSO: 1840/485
Situational Enterprise Services

The ability to rapidly find potential business partners as well as rapidly set up a collaborative business process is desirable in the face of market turbulence. Collaborative business processes are increasingly dependent on the integration of business information systems. Traditional linking of business processes has a large ad hoc character. Implementing situational enterprise services in an appropriate way will deliver the business more flexibility, adaptability and agility. Service-oriented architectures (SOA) are rapidly becoming the dominant computing paradigm. It is now being embraced by organizations everywhere as the key to business agility. Web 2.0 technologies such as AJAX on the other hand provide good user interactions for successful service discovery, selection, adaptation, invocation and service construction. They also balance automatic integration of services and human interactions, disconnecting content from presentation in the delivery of the service. Another Web technology, such as semantic Web, makes automatic service discovery, mediation and composition possible. Integrating SOA, Web 2.0 Technologies and Semantic Web into a service-oriented virtual enterprise connects business processes in a much more horizontal fashion. To be able run these services consistently across the enterprise, an enterprise infrastructure that provides enterprise architecture and security foundation is necessary. The world is constantly changing. So does the business environment. An agile enterprise needs to be able to quickly and cost-effectively change how it does business and who it does business with. Knowing, adapting to diffident situations is an important aspect of today’s business environment. The changes in an operating environment can happen implicitly and explicitly. The changes can be caused by different factors in the application domain. Changes can also happen for the purpose of organizing information in a better way. Changes can be further made according to the users' needs such as incorporating additional functionalities. Handling and managing diffident situations of service-oriented enterprises are important aspects of business environment. In the chapter, we will investigate how to apply new Web technologies to develop, deploy and executing enterprise services.
Estimating Firms' Demand for Agglomeration

The market for commercial properties is characterised by extreme heterogeneity in demand. In this paper, we aim to gain more insight in the heterogeneity in demand for employment agglomeration and size of the rental property using a two-stage hedonic approach following Bajari and Benkard (2005). We use unique micro-data of properties' attributes as well as of firm characteristics. Given assumptions on the functional form of the production function, we identify firm-specific parameters using a nonparametric control function approach that corrects for endogeneity. The results show that agglomeration benefits are capitalised in rents: a one standard deviation increase in agglomeration leads to an increase in the annual rents of about 6 percent. It is found that larger and business services firms are willing to pay (substantially) more for agglomeration. Furthermore, for office buildings a 10 percent increase in number of employees increases the marginal willingness to pay for floor space with 8 percent, which suggests that internal returns to scale are present.
Parallel computing of WaveCluster algorithm for face recognition application

There have been widely applied many research related to face recognition system. The system is commonly used for video surveillance, human and computer interaction, robot navigation, and etc. Along with the utilization of the system, it leads to the need for a faster system response, such as robot navigation or application for public safety. A number of classification algorithms have been applied to face recognition system, but it still has a problem in terms of computing time. In this system, computing time of the classification or feature extraction is an important thing for further concern. Classification algorithm that is suitable for very large databases and efficient in time complexity is WaveCluster. WaveCluster based on wavelet transform able to analyze function at different resolution. To enhance system ability as a real-time system, WaveCluster will be present to be parallel process and implemented on GPU using CUDA. CUDA is a parallel computing architecture that can manage high-performance parallel computing on GPU with large memory bandwidth. The parallelization of WaveCluster algorithm on GPU using CUDA is expected to speed-up the process computing time compared to serial process on CPU. In addition, the system is intended to improve level of accuracy in recognition process of facial images.
Attributes and Drivers of Audit Quality: The Perceptions of Quality Inspectors in the UK

This study examines the UK’s Audit Quality Review’s quality inspectors’ perceptions of attributes and drivers of audit quality. A survey questionnaire was distributed to quality inspectors with high ‘performance of the audit process’ and low ‘client service quality’ as relevant attributes for audit quality. A range of internal factors – behavioural, technical and relational – is perceived to affect audit engagements and potentially cause variation in audit quality between audits. Further, competition in the audit market and audit regulation are perceived as key contextual factors in the auditing environment affecting audit quality. Half of the quality inspectors perceived the level of audit quality in practice varies in different audit engagements. The majority highlighted the lack of challenge by the external auditors and adequacy of evidence and documentation as two key recurring issues in the inspection process. This study extends the scope of prior research by gathering perceptions of quality inspectors on a broader spectrum of attributes and drivers on audit quality that have not been previously studied in this line of research. The findings have implications for regulators and audit practitioners in monitoring and promoting audit quality in practice.