Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZING ANDENHANCEMENT OF SECURITY OF MULTIMODAL BIOMETRIC SYSTEM- A Research

Cryptography is used for security and authentication of data. Therefore it is used in biometrics system for keeping it safe and away from frauds. When we are using biometrics we ensure that, it is specially used for authentication and verification for the person’s template. This template can be misused if it is stolen by any nonauthenticate person. Focusing on biometric template security is the main discussion of our paper. Basically biometrics used two modalities Fingerprint and Iris biometrics characteristics. This significant feature of biometric helps us to identify any person template. That features are stored using feature level fusion and that fused vector is encrypted using different security technologies. Mixing is done using extracting important features and characteristics of modalities. In this review paper we focus on how our system is secure when we are using selective encryption method for encrypting the biometric template.
Comparison of CTA to DSA in Determining the Etiology of Spontaneous ICH

Background and Purpose: To compare the efficacy of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) to that of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the detection of secondary causes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: Between January 2001 and February 2007 there were 286 patients that had both CTA and DSA for intracranial hemorrhage of all types. Those with primarily subarachnoid hemorrhage or recent trauma were excluded. Fifty-five patients formed the study cohort. Three reviewers independently analyzed the CTAs in a blinded protocol and classified them based on presence or absence of a secondary etiology. Results were compared with the reference standard DSA and kappa values determined for interobserver variability. Results: The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CTA were 89%, 92%, 91%, 91% and 91%, respectively. Kappa value for interobserver agreement ranged from 0.78 to 0.89. Two of four dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF) were missed on CTA by all three reviewers. Conclusion: CTA is nearly as effective as DSA at determining the cause of secondary intracerebral hemorrhage, but with a lower sensitivity for dAVFs. This supports the use of CTA as the first screening test in patients presenting with spontaneous ICH.
The Arabidopsis Copper Transporter COPT1 Functions in Root Elongation and Pollen Development*

Copper plays a dual role in aerobic organisms, as both an essential and a potentially toxic element. To ensure copper availability while avoiding its toxic effects, organisms have developed complex homeostatic networks to control copper uptake, distribution, and utilization. In eukaryotes, including yeasts and mammals, high affinity copper uptake is mediated by the Ctr family of copper transporters. This work is the first report on the physiological function of copper transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. We have studied the expression pattern of COPT1 in transgenic plants expressing a reporter gene under the control of the COPT1 promoter. The reporter gene is highly expressed in embryos, trichomes, stomata, pollen, and root tips. The involvement of COPT1 in copper acquisition was investigated in CaMV35S::COPT1 antisense transgenic plants. Consistent with a decrease in COPT1 expression and the associated copper deprivation, these plants exhibit increased mRNA levels of genes that are down-regulated by copper, decreased rates of 64Cu uptake by seedlings and reduced steady state levels of copper as measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy in mature leaves. Interestingly, COPT1 antisense plants also display dramatically increased root length, which is completely and specifically reversed by copper addition, and an increased sensitivity to growth inhibition by the copper-specific chelator bathocuproine disulfonic acid. Furthermore, COPT1 antisense plants exhibit pollen development defects that are specifically reversed by copper. Taken together, these studies reveal striking plant growth and development roles for copper acquisition by high affinity copper transporters.
Arachidonic acid transformations in normal and psoriatic skin.

The levels of free arachidonic acid and 12L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) are elevated in lesional epidermis of psoriasis (Hammarstrom et al: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72:5130–5134, 1975). In the present study, transformations of arachidonic acid by normal and psoriatic involved and uninvolved epidermis were qualitatively compared with similar transformations in adult mouse epidermis and dermis and neonatal mouse keratinocyte suspensions. Metabolites were identified by mass spectrometry or by comigration with reference compounds on thin-layer chromatography. Human epidermis and mouse dermis converted arachidonic acid mainly to 12-HETE and prostaglandin E 2 . Mouse epidermis, formed HETE, PGD 2 and PGE 2 . The keratinocyte suspensions formed the same products as mouse epidermis but also PGF 2α . Cultures of these cells exhibited stimulated synthesis of PGE 2 in response to tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate. This stimulation was prevented by triamcinolone, indomethacin and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETA) but not by 5,8,11-eicosatriynoic acid (ETI). The latter compound stimulated basal PGE 2 formation. In conclusion: (1) the tissues investigated all converted arachidonic acid to HETE and PGE 2 (2) thromboxane B 2 and 6-keto-PGF 1α , were not formed in appreciable amounts under the conditions used; which might suggest (3) that HETE, PGE 2 , PGF 2α , and their precursors are more likely to be regulators of epidermal function than thromboxane A 2 or PGI 2 and finally (4) cultured keratinocytes which produce HETE, PGE 2 and PGF 2α , may be a suitable model for detailed studies of growth regulation by arachidonic acid metabolites.
Inhibition of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma activity in esophageal carcinoma cells results in a drastic decrease of invasive properties

Esophageal cancer is difficult to treat because of its rapid progression, and more effective therapeutic approaches are needed. The PPARγ is a nuclear receptor superfamily member that is expressed in many cancers. PPARγ expression is a feature of esophageal cancer cell lines, and in the present investigation, the PPARγ antagonists T0070907 and GW9662 could induce loss of invasion but could not induce growth reduction or apoptosis at low concentrations (<10 mM). A high concentration of antagonists (50 µM) inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis, but these effects did not explain our result at the low concentration. Morphological change, decreased expression of the cell signaling pathway and inhibition of cancer cell invasion were observed in the low concentration. This suggested that PPARγ antagonists inhibited esophageal cancer cell invasion as well as cell adherence, most likely due to alteration in the FAK–MAPK pathway, and this was independent of apoptosis. These results suggested that PPARγ plays an important role in cancer cell invasion and that it might be a novel target for therapy of esophageal cancer. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 854–860)
Nucleotide and Amino Acid Polymorphisms at Drug Resistance Sites in Non-B-Subtype Variants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

ABSTRACT We have compared nucleotide substitutions and polymorphisms at codons known to confer drug resistance in subtype B strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with similar substitutions in viruses of other subtypes. Genotypic analysis was performed on viruses from untreated individuals. Nucleotide and amino acid diversity at resistance sites was compared with a consensus subtype B reference virus. Among patients with non-subtype B infections, polymorphisms relative to subtype B were observed at codon 10 in protease (PR). These included silent substitutions (CTC→CTT, CTA, TTA) and an amino acid mutation, L10I. Subtype A viruses possessed a V179I substitution in reverse transcriptase (RT). Subtype G viruses were identified by silent substitutions at codon 181 in RT (TAT→TAC). Similarly, subtype A/G viruses were identified by a substitution at position 67 in RT (GAC→GAT). Subtype C was distinguished by silent substitutions at codons 106 (GTA→GTG) and 219 (AAA→AAG) in RT and codon 48 (GGG→GGA) in PR. Variations relative to subtype B were seen at RT position 215 (ACC→ACT) for subtypes A and A/E. These substitutions and polymorphisms reflect different patterns of codon usage among viruses of different subtypes. However, the existence of different subtypes may only rarely affect patterns of drug resistance-associated mutations.
Analysis and synthesis of voice fundamental frequency contours of spoken sentences

A model is presented for the analysis and synthesis of F 0 -contours of spoken sentences. It is based on a quantitative formulation of the process whereby the logarithmic fundamental frequency is controlled by the phrase and accent commands, being respectively related to the syntactic and lexical information of a sentence. Analysis of natural utterances revealed that the model can generate close approximations to observed F 0 -contours. Requirements for the accuracy of model parameters were determined by listening tests of synthetic utterances. These results indicate the model's utility in speech synthesis.
Evolución del esfuerzo en ciclistas profesionales a lo largo de una vuelta por etapas

El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar el esfuerzo desarrollado por ciclistas profesionales a lo largo de las diferentes semanas que componen la Vuelta Ciclista a España. El estudio se dividió en dos partes, la primera consistió en realizar, una semana antes del comienzo de la Vuelta a España, una prueba de esfuerzo para determinar los umbrales ventilatorios, VT1 (umbral aeróbico) y VT2 (umbral anaeróbico). Teniendo en cuenta la frecuencia cardiaca a la que aparecían estos umbrales se establecieron 3 zonas de intensidad: una zona por debajo del umbral aeróbico (Z1), otra entre el umbral aeróbico y anaeróbico (Z2) y una tercera por encima del umbral anaeróbico (Z3). La segunda parte del estudio consistió en monitorizar la frecuencia cardiaca en las diferentes etapas que componían la Vuelta a España de 1999 y 2000.
Topical Tacrolimus Therapy for Antibiotic-Refractory Pouchitis

BACKGROUND: Pouchitis is the most common complication after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis, and it leads to pouch failure. The administration of oral antibiotics is the main treatment for pouchitis; however, in some cases, antibiotic-refractory pouchitis may develop, which requires further medical therapy. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the applicability of topical tacrolimus for refractory pouchitis. DESIGN: We performed a prospective pilot study. The study protocols were registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, 000006658. SETTING: This study was conducted in the Surgical Department of Hyogo College of Medicine. PATIENTS: Patients with antibiotic-refractory pouchitis were treated for 8 weeks with a tacrolimus enema. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The efficacy was assessed by comparing Pouchitis Disease Activity Index scores. Safety was assessed by measuring whole blood tacrolimus trough levels. RESULTS: Ten patients with refractory pouchitis were enrolled. No severe adverse events occurred. The mean scores decreased from 15.9 ± 0.8 to 7.8 ± 0.8 during 8 weeks of treatment (p < 0.01). Specifically, the clinical symptom, endoscopic finding, and histological finding subscores decreased to 0.8 ± 0.6, 3.9 ± 0.2, and 2.9 ± 0.4. Nine patients recovered from their clinical symptoms, and 3 patients recovered from pouchitis. LIMITATIONS: This small study was neither blinded nor randomized. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the use of topical tacrolimus for the treatment of refractory pouchitis is safe and effective in the short term for clinical symptoms. Although complete endoscopic healing was not achieved, this treatment may have early rescue efficacy in the treatment of antibiotic-refractory pouchitis.
Co-payment Strategies for Chronic Medications: A Qualitative and Comparative Analysis at European Level

 Abstract — The management of pharmacotherapy and the process of dispensing medicines is becoming critical in clinical pharmacy due to the increase of incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases, the complexity and customization of therapeutic regimens, the introduction of innovative and more expensive medicines, the unbalanced relation between expenditure and revenue as well as due to the lack of rationalization associated with medication use. For these reasons, co-payments emerged in Europe in the 70s and have been applied over the past few years in healthcare. Co-payments lead to a rationing and rationalization of user’s access under healthcare services and products, and simultaneously, to a qualification and improvement of the services and products for the end-user. This analysis, under hospital practices particularly and co-payment strategies in general, was carried out on all the European regions and identified four reference countries, that apply repeatedly this tool and with different approaches. The structure, content and adaptation of European co-payments were analyzed through 7 qualitative attributes and 19 performance indicators, and the results expressed in a scorecard, allowing to conclude that the German models (total score of 68,2% and 63,6% in both elected co-payments) can collect more compliance and effectiveness, the English models (total score of 50%) can be more accessible, and the French models (total score of 50%) can be more adequate to the socio-economic and legal framework. Other European models did not show the same quality and/or performance, so were not taken as a standard in the future design of co-payments strategies. In this sense, we can see in the copayments a strategy not only to moderate the consumption of healthcare products and services, but especially to improve them, as well as a strategy to increment the value that the end-user assigns to these services and products, such as
Marriage Market and Intra-Household Allocation. Essays in Economics of Family and Education

Cette these etudie la formation des familles, leur organisation et les systemes d’education. Les deux premiers chapitres traitent du choix du conjoint et du partage des ressources au sein du couple. Je modelise tout d’abord comment les individus se rencontrent et decident de se mettre en couple ou non en fonction de leur niveau d’education, de leur revenu et leur apparence physique. J’utilise des donnees americaines ou j’observe qui est marie avec qui et pour combien de temps, ce qui me permet d’identifier les preferences des individus. Le deuxieme chapitre analyse les effets du mariage sur certaines tendances economiques comme les inegalites de revenu ou les offres de travail. Dans ce chapitre, les personnes en couple se partagent leur revenu et choisissent ensemble la meilleure organisation pour travailler et accomplir les taches domestiques et elever les enfants. Avec des donnees britanniques, j’identifie les transferts de revenu qui existent entre les hommes et les femmes et je montre que ces transferts augmentent le travail des hommes maries et diminuent celui des femmes mariees. Les deux derniers chapitres etudient l’efficacite du college francais et notamment la pratique du redoublement. Le troisieme chapitre mobilise des methodes de decomposition pour evaluer dans quelle mesure la baisse des scores des eleves francais aux tests PISA peut etre attribuee a des changements dans les caracteristiques des eleves ou a des changements dans les rendements de l’education. Enfin, le dernier chapitre se concentre particulierement sur le redoublement et utilise des donnees de panel sur les collegiens francais pour evaluer l’impact du redoublement sur leurs resultats.
Leptin regulation of prepro-orexin and orexin receptor mRNA levels in the hypothalamus.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of leptin treatment on prepro-orexin and orexin receptor expression in the rat hypothalamus. Adult male rats, food-deprived for 48 and 72 h, were treated one time with vehicle or leptin (10 microg, icv). Prepro-orexin mRNA content was measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR, Northern blot, and in situ hybridization; orexin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA content was quantified by Northern blot and/or semiquantitative RT-PCR. Our results indicate that leptin inhibits a fasting-induced increase in prepro-orexin mRNA and orexin receptor 1 mRNA levels in the rat hypothalamus, while orexin receptor 2 mRNA levels were unchanged in all situations evaluated. These data provide direct evidence for an additional mechanism of adaptation of the hypothalamus to food deprivation and for a new effect of leptin in the regulation of food intake.
‘The child's past in the adult's present’: The trauma of the Siege of Leningrad (1941–1944)

Translations of summary This study deals with the individual and collective memory of Leningrad Siege survivors who experienced mass and prolonged wartime trauma during childhood (1941–44). While much has been published about the Siege, there has to date been no investigation by psychologists into the effects of extreme deprivation on Siege victims apart from one pilot study (Gulina et al., 2005). This study is still underway. Interviews with 80 participants (68 female and 12 male) are analysed and discussed here. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis () and content analysis are utilized. Unpublished archival writings by children caught in the Siege have been analysed. The principal method of interpretation is based on a psychoanalytic understanding of child development, mourning and the metabolizing of traumatic experience. The subjective meaning of the Siege experience to individual children is considered
Form classification

The problem of form classification is to assign a single-page form image to one of a set of predefined form types or classes. We classify the form images using low level pixel density information from the binary images of the documents. In this paper, we solve the form classification problem with a classifier based on the k-means algorithm, supported by adaptive boosting. Our classification method is tested on the NIST scanned tax forms data bases (special forms databases 2 and 6) which include machine-typed and handwritten documents. Our method improves the performance over published results on the same databases, while still using a simple set of image features.
Nonlinear dynamics in a model neuron provide a novel mechanism for transient synaptic inputs to produce long-term alterations of postsynaptic activity.

1. A mathematical model of a bursting molluscan neuron has been found to possess multiple modes of electrical activity, such as periodic beating (tonic firing), periodic bursting (bursts of action potentials separated by quiescent periods), and potentially chaotic bursting, all at a single set of parameters. The multiple modes correspond to multiple stable attractors, whose existence is an emergent property of the nonlinear dynamics of the system. 2. Transient synaptic inputs can switch the activity of the neuron between different modes. These mode transitions, which do not require any changes in the biochemical or biophysical parameters of the neuron, provide an enduring response to a transient input, as well as a mechanism for phasic sensitivity (i.e., temporal specificity). 3. These results provide new insights into the role of nonlinear dynamics in information processing and storage at the level of the single neuron.
Differentiation of Atypical Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Focal Nodular Hyperplasia: Diagnostic Performance of Contrast-enhanced US and Microflow Imaging.

PURPOSE To evaluate diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced (CE) ultrasonography (US) and microflow (MF) imaging in differentiation of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was waived. A total of 103 patients (mean age, 43.9 years; age range, 17-75 years) were included; 38 patients with HCC and 65 with FNH underwent CE US, and vascular architecture pattern (VAP) and arrival time parametric (ATP) images were analyzed. Resident and staff radiologists independently and retrospectively reviewed CE US, VAP, and ATP images. χ(2) test and logistic regression analysis were applied to identify specific features of FNH or HCC on CE US and MF images. To compare diagnostic performance of CE US with or without MF imaging, four sets of criteria were assigned: (a) routine CE US alone, (b) VAP and CE US, (c) ATP imaging and CE US, and (d) all three methods in combination. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of resident and staff radiologists were analyzed. Cohen κ statistic was used to assess agreement of CE US and MF imaging features between staff and resident radiologists. RESULTS MF imaging offered significant improvements over most detection rates achieved with routine CE US signs in both groups. For staff radiologists, AUCs from criteria sets 3 (AUC = 0.873, P < .05) and 4 (AUC = 0.887, P < .05) were significantly higher than AUC from criteria set 1 (AUC = 0.835). For resident radiologists, specificity (71% and 69% vs 25%, P < .01) and accuracy (78% and 79% vs 50%, P < .01) of criteria sets 3 and 4 were significantly higher than those of criteria set 1. Moreover, AUCs for criteria sets 2 (AUC = 0.728, P < .05), 3 (AUC = 0.823, P < .01), and 4 (AUC = 0.857, P < .01) were significantly higher than those for criteria set 1 (AUC = 0.667). CONCLUSION When compared with routine CE US, MF imaging can more effectively depict specific features and offers improved diagnostic performance in the differentiation of atypical HCC from FNH, especially when used by resident radiologists. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Discrimination between normal and heart murmurs sound, based on statistical parameters extraction and classification

In this work, a new method for discrimination between normal and heart murmurs sound is presented. Statistical parameters, such as standard deviation (SD), are extracted from two datasets of heartbeats. Several classification technics, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), discriminative analysis, and classification tree, are used. Simulation results obtained from yielding methods are compared and discussed. The developed method (scheme) return good results from deferent dataset. Results obtained by using different classification methods versus two dataset are, significantly, accurate compared to the existing methods.