Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of GRACE to the evaluation of an ice flow model of the Greenland Ice Sheet

Quantifying the Greenland Ice Sheet’s future contribution to sea level rise is a challenging task that requires accurate estimates of ice flow sensitivity to climate change. Forward models of ice flow dynamics are promising tools for estimating future ice sheet behavior, yet confidence is low because evaluation of historical simulations is so challenging due to the scarcity of highly-resolved (spatially and temporally) continental-wide validation data. Recent advancements in processing of Gravity 5 Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data using Bayesian-constrained mass concentration ("mascon") functions have led to improvements in spatial resolution and noise reduction of estimated monthly global gravity fields. Specifically, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s JPL RL05M GRACE mascon solution (GRACE-JPL) now offers an opportunity for ice sheet model evaluation within independently resolved 300 km mascons. Here, we investigate how Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance captured through observations GRACE-JPL differs from that simulated by the ice flow model the Ice Sheet System Model 10 (ISSM). For the years 2003-2012, ISSM is forced with regional climate model (RCM) surface mass balance (SMB), and resulting mass balance is directly compared against GRACE-JPL within individual mascons. Overall, we find good agreement in the Northeast, Southwest, and the interior of the ice sheet, where mass balance is primarily controlled by SMB. In the Northwest, seasonal amplitudes match well, but trends in ISSM are muted relative to GRACE-JPL. In the Southeast, GRACE-JPL exhibits larger seasonal amplitude than that predicted by SMB while simultaneously having more pronounced trends. These 15 results indicate that discrepancies in the Northwest are controlled by changes in ice dynamics that are not currently modeled by ISSM, i.e. transient processes driven by ice sheet hydrology and ice-ocean interaction, while discrepancies in the Southeast are controlled by a combination of these missing dynamics and errors in modeled SMB. Along the margins, we find that transient dynamics are responsible for consistent intra-annual variations in regional mass balance that ultimately contribute to the steeper negative mass trends observed by GRACE-JPL. Consequently, ice-ocean interactions and hydrologically-driven processes at 20 relatively high (monthly-to-seasonal) temporal resolutions must be considered for improving upon ice flow models. 1 The Cryosphere Discuss. , doi:10.5194/tc-2015-224, 2016 Manuscript under review for journal The Cryosphere Published: 18 January 2016 c © Author(s) 2016. CC-BY 3.0 License.
Effect of Marketing Mix on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty PT.TIKI Padang Branch

This study aims to analyze the effect the marketing mix on customer satisfaction and loyalty PT.TIKI Padang Branch. This research is included in the causative research with SEM (Structure Equation Model) analysis technique. The population in this study is all consumers of PT. TIKI Padang Branch with a total sample of 200 respondents. The results showed that Products, promotions, employees, and satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction PT.TIKI Padang Branch. Price, location, process, and physical evidence do not have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction PT.TIKI Padang Branch.
Effects of dietary humic substances on egg production and egg shell quality of hens after peak laying period.

Ninety Isa Brown layers from 51 to 61 weeks of age were allocated to three treatment groups, namely H0, H1 and H2. Control (H0) hens were fed a commercial diet while H1 and H2 hens were fed a diet including 30 and 90 ppm dietary humic acid in liquid form, respectively. Hens were placed individually in cages in three tier batteries. Egg production (% hen-day) in the H2 group was higher (P < 0.05) than control group. Egg mass of H2 hens was higher (P < 0.05) than H0 and H1 hens. Total feed intake in H2 group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than H1 group. Egg shell thickness of H1 hens was higher (P <0.05) than H2 hens. Egg shell strength of H1 hens was higher (P < 0.05) than control and H2 hens. Egg weight, feed conversation ratio and yolk weight were not affected by dietary humic substances. These results indicated that the supplementation of 30 ppm humic acid into the diet may increase the egg shell strength without affecting egg production and feed efficiency compared to control counterparts.
Aperture-coupled microstrip line leaky wave antenna with broadside mainbeam

A microstrip first higher order leaky wave antenna (LWA), centre-fed by an aperture-coupled microstrip with a broadside mainbeam, is presented. The measured bandwidth (23% for VSWR<2:1) is in agreement with the leaky radiation band predicted. The experimental gain patterns, compared with those of a patch antenna fed by the same type of structure, reveal the difference between these two kinds of antenna. With increasing frequency, the radiation field of the LWA spreads into the H-plane, forming a flatter broadside pattern, which can be applied to long rectangular area communication.
Prenatal Diagnosis by Fetal Echocardiography

ongenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common congenital anomalies found at the rate of 4.3-8:1,000 live births and is a leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality. Prenatal diagnosis of CHD has benefits on parental counseling, decision making during pregnancy, prenatal interventions, site and mode of delivery and postnatal management. Previous studies showed improvement of neonatal morbidity and mortality with prenatal diagnosis of certain CHD e.g. transposition of great arteries, hypoplastic left heart syndrome and coarctation of aorta. Recent reports have shown successful outcomes of intrauterine therapy e.g. balloon dilation of severe aortic stenosis which can restore the left ventricular growth and biventricular circulation and prevent hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Despite the clear benefits of prenatal diagnosis, CHD is still the most commonly overlooked lesion during antenatal ultrasound evaluation with the detection rate of 4.5%-75% depending on the method and experience of examiners. Combination of 4-chamber view (4CV) and outflow tracts examination has increased the detection rate substantially. The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) and International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) recommend this practice in routine fetal cardiac examination. Some conditions, e.g. maternal diabetes, infections during pregnancy, maternal CHD, some medications, predispose the fetuses for CHD but fetal cardiac screening should be performed in a universal fashion because the majority of CHDs occur in low risk population. Currently, 2-dimensional (2D) ultrasound has been the gold standard for fetal cardiac examination. Viewing different planes of fetal cardiac structures in cross section and sagittal section can help the obstetricians to diagnose normalcy of fetal cardiac structures and various CHD. Those planes are demonstrated in Fig 1 (normal) and Fig 2 (common CHD). Doppler ultrasound offers further informations about the direction, amount and velocity of fetal blood in the cardiovascular system and fetal cardiac rhythm by showing the relation of atrial and ventricular contraction. Many Prenatal Diagnosis by Fetal Echocardiography
Diffusion of Management Accounting Practices in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

This study examines how management accounting practices (MAPs) have been adopted and diffused by publicly listed firms in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The results of our survey show that the adoption rates for MAPs in the area of cost management and strategy are low while those in the area of performance measurement are moderate. Overall, the respondents favorably perceived their success in implementing MAPs. Power and politics, not economic (or cost–benefit) reasons, were considered to be the most influential reasons for nonadoption of MAPs. The results provide partial support to the view that there is a global convergence of management accounting system designs and ideas and also indicate that the role of cultural differences is diminishing over time.
Interpretation of Utterances based on Relevance Theory : Toward the Formalization of Implicature with the Maximal Relevance

This paper proposes an interpretation method of utterances using relevance theory. Sperber and Wilson have said that humans adopt the maximal relevance in interpretation of utterances. The maximal relevance has a high cognitive effect with low processing efforts. In relevance theory the meaning of utterances is divided into explicatures and implicatures. We study to formalize interpretations with the maximal relevance. We focus on implicatures and define process of deriving implicatures. In addition, we define the cognitive effect and the processing effort, and apply those to multi-objective optimization. We regard Pareto-optimal solutions as implicatures with the maximal relevance. We exemplify the validity of our method. Future work is an experiment using a method which combined this method with reported method.
Mushrooming in the Age of DNA: Now Comes the Fun Part

Th e fi rst reward of tree study—but one that lasts you to the end of your days—is that as you walk abroad, follow a rushing stream, climb a hill, or sit on a rock to admire the view, the trees stand forth, proclaiming their names to you. Th ough at fi rst you may fi x their identity with more or less conscious eff ort, the easy-to-know species soon become like the faces of your friends, known without thought, and bringing each a host of associations. —D. C. Peattie (1948/1991, p. 156) I LOVE THIS passage, which comes from Peattie’s 1948 A Natural History of Trees of Eastern and Central North America. Peattie’s words capture perfectly a sense of familiarity with nature known to many naturalists. Last summer, my wife Kate and I walked through woods in southeastern Kentucky, where entire ecosystems are being laid to waste by a coal mining practice called mountaintop removal (if you have Google Earth, zoom in on the region; you can see the devastation from an altitude of 400 miles). We wanted to see what mushrooms might be threatened by destruction of an ancient Appalachian ecosystem known for its incredible biodiversity, and we spent about half an hour walking, looking for mushrooms, and cataloguing what we could recognize—a cursory, preliminary list. We will be returning with mycologists from Illinois, Ohio, and Tennessee to create a rigorous survey of fungi, but in that 30 minutes we wrote down more than 60 mushroom names, from Craterellus cornucopioides to a host of Amanita and Lactarius species that we did not recognize at sight. It is a wonderful feeling to know the names of mushrooms—and while fungophiles must frequently be content with recog nizing a genus rather than a species, the feeling that Peattie describes contributed deeply to our enjoyment of those beautiful Appalachian woods. But it must be said—not just as an ironic aside, but as a fundamental matter of science— that the trees and mushrooms do not care what their names are. Th e taxonomic system we inher
Inferring Small-Scale Surface Variability on Near-Earth Asteroids from

Itokawa’s Shape Data Jay W. McMahon and Daniel J. Scheeres, University of Colorado at Boulder (Jay.McMahon@colorado.edu) Renewed interest in visiting near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), spearheaded by the selection of OSIRIS-REx as the third New Frontiers mission [1], has generated many detailed questions concerning the small-scale surface variability of asteroids. Success of a lander mission will depend on knowledge of, and the ability to deal with, surface roughness that can make landing more difficult. Surface operations of a robotic or human explorer will require detailed mapping of total surface accelerations and slopes (the amount of acceleration tangent to the surface). These issues are intrinsically dependent on the variability of the asteroid surface. Furthermore, predictions of the dynamical evolution of an asteroid based on the Yarkovsky and YORP effects depend not only on the material properties, but also on the shape of the surface that interacts with the solar radiation. NEA shape models are often initially generated through radar observations, and are sometimes improved by other measurements such as optical or thermal imaging. However, these Earth-based (or Earth orbit based) measurements have limited observability for determining an asteroid shape. The resolution of a generated shape model is based on many aspects, not the least of which are viewing geometry and measurement accuracy, given that the NEAs are typically on the order of only 1-10 km in diameter. Previous missions which have orbited NEAs, specifically Hayabusa and NEAR, have produced high resolution shape models of the NEAs Itokawa and Eros, respectively. In this work, we compare the higher resolution shape models of Itokawa with a baseline model which is of similar resolution as Earth-based observation derived shape models. We statistically quantify variations in the surface geometry between different resolution models. These statistics are then used to explore the possible variations in physical parameters over the surface of less well-modeled NEAs such as 1999 KW4.
Applying exact aggregation conditions to build an integrated macro-micro simulation model for Bolivia.

In this paper we develop a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for Bolivia, integrating in it a microsimulation model. The integration of both models is based on the exact aggregation hypothesis at the household consumption level. We apply this integrated macro-micro model to analyze the eects of an increase on natural resources output on poverty and inequality, and to compare dierent redistributive policies. Our experience shows that this model behaves very well for this kind of exercise, and shows results about poverty and inequality that are unobservable when using only a CGE model, with few representative households. The considered simulations show also some interesting results about the eects of a natural resource boom on poverty and inequality.
Ethnic differences in eating attitudes, body image and self-esteem among adolescent females living in urban South Africa

Objective: To examine differences between black and white female adolescents in eating attitudes, body image perceptions, and self-esteem, and the association of these with body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 340 urban South African adolescent girls aged 13, 15 and 17 years, attending private and government (public) high schools. EAT26, body image and self-esteem questionnaires were administered, and height and weight was measured to determine BMI. The associations between BMI and EAT-26, body image perceptions, and self-esteem scores were determined in the different ethnic and age groups. Results: There was a significant difference in eating attitudes, body image perceptions, and self-esteem between the ethnic groups (P<0.05). Significantly more black girls (31.2%) reported an EAT-26 score ≥ 20 (predisposition to an eating disorder) compared to white girls (19.7%) even though the prevalence of overweight/obesity among the white girls was higher (29.5%) than in their black peers (25.1%) (P=0.37). White girls had a higher BMI and lower self-esteem, yet better body image score compared to their black peers. Black girls exhibited a greater tendency to control what they ate compared to white girls, while more white girls had a desire to be thinner compared to black girls. Conclusion: The results suggest that exposure of Western norms of thinness in a multiethnic and cultural urban setting is influencing both eating attitudes and behaviour. These findings are highly relevant for all African countries undergoing transition, and important in the development of interventions to optimise adolescent health prior to adulthood.
The Empirical Study on Acceptance Behavior Of Shared Community APP Users Based On UTAUT

With the rapid development of Internet and smart phone technology, community e-commerce is impacting our life with irresistible trends and widely concerned. Based on the in-depth analysis of the existing problems in the development of E-commerce on Social Network, this thesis constructed a model of influencing factors of user acceptance behavior of shared community APP users. An empirical test was carried out on 757 valid questionnaires. The results showed that performance expectations, contributing factors, perceived risk and trust tendency had a significant impact on community residents' acceptance of APP products in shared communities. based on this, the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of community e-commerce are put forward.
Molecular detection of marine nematodes from environmental samples: overcoming eukaryotic interference

Nematodes form an important and dominant component of many benthic marine ecosystems, but are frequently neglected by marine ecologists because of the time-consuming nature of their identification. Molecular techniques provide powerful tools for the rapid assessment of biodi- versity, although few attempts have been made to apply these to marine meiofauna. We evaluated the success of 2 primer sets in amplifying nematode 18S rRNA from DNA templates extracted directly from marine and estuarine sediments. PCR products were separated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and some of the intense DGGE bands were excised, cloned and sequenced to confirm their nematode origin. Initially, other eukaryotic 18S rRNA regions co-amplified with those from nematodes, possibly as a result of the high relative abundance and biomass of other organisms in the studied sediments. These problems were overcome by designing and evaluating consensus primers that selectively amplified nematode ribosomal regions from environmental DNA. Approxi- mately 10 to 12 taxa from each site were detected in the denaturing gel in this study. Tentative affil- iations of some the DGGE bands re-amplified using nematode-specific primers were determined by comparing with known marine nematode 18S rRNA sequences in a phylogenetic tree. Our study demonstrates for the first time that PCR combined with DGGE can be used to explore the community composition of many meiofaunal groups, such as nematodes, from DNA extracted directly from envi- ronmental samples.
CONES: Compulsory Online Named Evaluations by Students – to quantify, evaluate and reflect?

This article considers the use of Compulsory Online Named Evaluations by Students, (CONES) as a method to achieve 100 percent response rates, of benefit for university accountability, as well as to encourage meaningful evaluation and reflection on modules and professional practices by student teachers. In addition, it is suggested that the freedom of opportunity for student teachers to complete the CONES at a preferred time within a given submission period, (one month) does not necessarily affect the quality or quantity of reflection. In order to develop student teachers’ reflections on personal professional practice, within evaluations, it is proposed that greater use of scaffolding is included within future iterations of CONES. The research took place in a public university within the north of England working with an opportunity sample composed of eighty, first year student teachers on a Bachelor of Arts, with Honours Primary Education degree leading to Qualified Teacher Status,
ADAPTED INTEGRATED MODEL OF DESTINATION COMPETITIVENESS

The improvement of competitive position is one of the fundamental preconditions for tourism destination’s survival on the market. Accordingly, long-term tourism development in the destination refers, among other things, to the establishment of a continuous tourism destination competitiveness measurement process, based on the permanent monitoring of competitiveness indicators. This paper proposes the adapted integrated model of destination competitiveness, using the example of Serbia as a tourism destination. Basically, the proposed model is based on Dwyer’s and Kim’s model, previously tested on several tourism destinations (Australia, Korea, Slovenia, and Serbia). The paper presents a theoretical basis for the application of the proposed model. The proposal includes additional indicators to measure competitiveness and two groups of stakeholders that are to be surveyed in order to perform the assessment of competitiveness: tourism demand tourists and foreign tour operators.
Benzyladenine delays immature fruit abscission but does not affect final fruit set or kernel size of Macadamia

Macadamia is a mass-flowering subtropical rainforest tree that is widely cultivated for its edible kernels. Macadamia flowers are borne on pendant racemes of 100 − 300 flowers but typically less than 2% of the flowers produce mature fruits and kernels. This study investigated the use of plant growth regulators to reduce abscission of flowers and immature fruit and to increase final fruit set of Macadamia. Pre-anthesis applications of the cytokinin, benzyladenine at 200 mg/L, increased initial fruit sets (2 weeks after anthesis) across four experiments from 8 − 17% (for control racemes) to 27 − 61% (for treated racemes). Post-anthesis applications of benzyladenine increased fruit retention up to 8 weeks after anthesis, but no treatment increased fruit retention beyond the final phase of immature fruit drop at 10 weeks post-anthesis. Benzyladenine delayed abscission of immature Macadamia fruit but it had no effect on final fruit set, nut-in-shell weight or kernel weight. ; ;