Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Integrity Constraints to Provide Intensional Answers to Relational Queries

An intensionalanswer to a query is a set of characterizations of the set of database values that satisfy the query (the extensional answer). Intensional answers provide users with additional insight into the nature of standard extensional answers. In this paper we describe a method that applies database constraints to generate intensional answers. These intensional answers characterize the extensional answers in two ways: (1) with constraints that are applicable to the extensional answer, and (2) with database views that are contained entirely in the extensional answer. Our method is to represent the definitions of constraints in special “meta-relations”, and extend standard algebraic operators to these relations. When a query is presented to the database system, it is performed both on the actual relations, resulting in an extensional answer, and on the meta-relations, resulting in definitions of constraints that apply to the extensional answer, as well as database views that are contained entirely in the extensional answer. These definitions are translated into an intensional answer that accompanies the extensional answer.
Characterization of the 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced inhibition of bone nodule formation in long-term cultures of fetal rat calvaria cells.

We investigated the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25-(OH)2D3], on osteoprogenitor cell differentiation and bone nodule formation at various stages of differentiation by evaluating the effects on long term cultures of fetal rat calvaria (RC) cells. RC cells were plated at 3 x 10(4) cells/35-mm dish in alpha-minimal essential medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum, ascorbic acid, and beta-glycerophosphate (beta-GP), conditions under which bone nodules form. 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited bone nodule formation in a dose-dependent manner with total inhibition occurring at 1-10 nM and half-maximal inhibition occurring at approximately 0.06 nM. 1,25-(OH)2D3 also significantly stimulated RC cell growth in a dose-dependent manner in both the presence and absence of ascorbic acid. Addition of 1 nM 1,25-(OH)2D3 at different times after the start of culture inhibited nodule formation when added before and up to the early multilayering stage (up to day 11 of culture), but had no effect on nodule number when added later. When 1,25-(OH)2D3 was added at the start of the culture period and removed at the early multilayering stage, nodule formation was also inhibited. Pulses of 48-h duration also inhibited nodule formation, with maximal effect occurring between days 3 and 11. Thus, 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited osteoprogenitor cell differentiation during the earlier stages of culture before visible bone nodule formation occurred and the effect was not reversible upon removal of 1,25-(OH)2D3. In cultures grown to the multilayering stage in medium without ascorbic acid and beta-GP and then changed to medium with ascorbic acid and beta-GP, 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited when present before, but not after, the addition of ascorbic acid and beta-GP. Two other vitamin D3 metabolites, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25-(OH)2D3] and 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,24,25-(OH)3D3] had inhibitory effects similar to 1,25-(OH)2D3. The effects were dose dependent for each metabolite tested and correlated with the biological effectiveness of these metabolites in other systems: i.e. 1,25-(OH)2D3 was more effective than 1,24,25-(OH)3D3 which in turn was more effective than 24,25-(OH)2D3. The data show that 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibits osteoprogenitor cell differentiation at an early stage and at a time during which cell growth is stimulated.
An OWL ontology to support cloud portability and interoperability

During the past few years, cloud computing has become a key IT buzzword. A growing number of cloud providers started to expose their own services to the market, to answer consumer's need, engaging a competition in the attempt to offer the easiest access to resources and the widest catalogue of services. However, the current lack of a shared standard for the description of such services can represent an obstacle to the development of interoperable and portable cloud solutions. In this scenario, developers could benefit from an automatic tool or technique to identify the architectural solution best answering their requests. In this work we are presenting our approach to the semantic description of cloud resources, comprehending both a general and agnostic representation of such services and a focus on provider specific solutions. Also, we illustrate how the proposed description can be queried and further extended, by means of logical rules, in order to retrieve and assess new information on services equivalences.
Allocating Precise Submeshes in Mesh Connected Systems

We propose a new processor allocation strategy that applies to any mesh system and recognizes submeshes of arbitrary sizes at any locations in a mesh system. The proposed strategy allocates a submesh of exactly the size requested by an incoming task, completely avoiding internal fragmentation. Because of its efficient allocation, this strategy exhibits better performance than an earlier allocation strategy based on the buddy principle. An efficient implementation of this strategy is presented. Extensive simulation runs are carried out to collect experimental cost and performance measures of interest under different allocation schemes. >
Aeroelastic Instability of Very Large Wind Turbine Blades.

The trend in per-revolution flutter speed for increasing length wind blades is such that aeroelastic stability should be considered in their design. A classical flutter analysis of the Sandia National Laboratories 100-meter allglass baseline blade is performed. The margin of estimated flutter speed divided by rated operating speed is estimated at 1.27. A sensitivity study of important aeroelastic stability parameters is performed in order to understand factors that may lead to increased flutter robustness.
Evaluation of the benefits of the timing of pregnancy testing by transrectal palpation in dairy cattle.

OBJECTIVE To determine the benefits that were associated with pregnancy testing by use of transrectal palpation during the period 30 to 65 days after unsuccessful insemination of dairy cows. DESIGN Nonconcurrent, cohort study. ANIMALS Cows in 15 dairy herds in the United States and Canada. PROCEDURE Reproductive records of cows (n = 713) that did not calve within 294 days of first-service insemination and that had been evaluated for pregnancy 30 to 65 days after first-service insemination were examined. Records were analyzed to determine the day of parturition or date of culling and to determine if the probability of a cow being culled or the interval to parturition was related to the number of days after insemination that pregnancy testing was performed. RESULTS For cows that calved more than 294 days after first-service insemination, the interval from first-service insemination until parturition was associated significantly with herd, season, and treatment on the day of pregnancy testing with prostaglandin F2 alpha or one of its analogues. Cows treated with prostaglandin F2 alpha on the day of pregnancy testing were less likely to be culled than nontreated cows. For cows pregnancy tested 30 to 65 days after insemination, each additional day after day 30 before pregnancy testing was performed resulted in an increase of 1.09 days in the interval until parturition. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Pregnancy testing by means of transrectal palpation as soon as possible after day 30 after insemination can result in shorter calving intervals.
A randomized prospective study comparing two flexible epidural catheters for labour analgesia.

BACKGROUND Previous studies evaluating stiff epidural catheters found that the three-holed design provided superior labour analgesia compared with an end-holed design. This was believed due to improved medication distribution. Recently, flexible epidural catheters with both designs have been shown to be superior to the stiff epidural catheters. We investigated the success of labour analgesia comparing the flexible three-holed with the flexible end-holed epidural catheter. METHODS This was a prospective, single-blinded randomized study. We enrolled 500 parturients in active labour. The primary outcome was complete relief of labour pain assessed at 30 min. We also assessed the occurrence of paresthesias, intravascular and intrathecal placement, catheter replacement, and treatment of breakthrough pain during labour. Comparisons were made using Pearson's chi(2), with significance determined at the 0.05 level. RESULTS Four hundred and ninety-three subjects completed the study. Initial analgesia was similar (complete labour analgesia: end-holed=85% vs 80% 95% CI of difference: 13% to -3%; P=NS). The incidence of paresthesia was similar (end-holed=3.6% vs 5.3%; P=NS). There was one intrathecal and three intravascular catheters in the three-holed group and two intravascular catheters in the end-holed group. The number of supplemental boluses and catheter replacements required during labour was similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS There were no differences in the initial analgesia success rate, complications, or labour analgesia between end-hole vs multi-hole flexible epidural catheters.
Heavy metal accumulation in Lacistorhynchus dollfusi (Trypanorhyncha: Lacistorhynchidae) infecting Citharichthys sordidus (Pleuronectiformes: Bothidae) from Santa Monica Bay, Southern California

SUMMARY The accumulation of heavy metals in macroparasites of fish has been widely studied in freshwater environments. Less is known about metal uptake in cestodes parasitizing marine fish. Lacistorhynchus dollfusi is a common larval cestode parasite of Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus), a flatfish species inhabiting Santa Monica Bay. The ability of this cestode to concentrate metals in its tissues was compared with metal levels in its sanddab host. Fish and cestode tissue were analysed for 14 elements using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The elements analysed were silver (Ag), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), potassium (K), lead (Pb), rubidium (Rb), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), titanium (Ti) and zinc (Zn). Three of the 14 metals (Cu, Hg and Zn) were significantly greater in concentration in L. dollfusi compared with their levels in the liver, intestine and muscle of their fish host. They ranked in concentration from highest to lowest as follows: Zn > Cu > Hg. The ability of the cestode L. dollfusi to uptake metals at higher concentrations than its host warrants its consideration as a candidate for a heavy metal accumulation indicator of pollution exposure in Pacific sanddab.
A 300mV 494GOPS/W reconfigurable dual-supply 4-Way SIMD vector processing accelerator in 45nm CMOS

High-throughput parallel SIMD vector computations are the most performance and power-critical operations in multimedia, graphics and signal processing workloads. An array of SIMD vector processing engines delivers high-throughput short bit-width arithmetic operations on large data sets with orders of magnitude higher energy efficiencies vs. general-purpose cores [1, 2]. A reconfigurable 4-way SIMD engine targeted for on-die acceleration of vector processing in power-constrained mobile microprocessors is fabricated in 45nm High-K/Metal-gate CMOS [3]. The accelerator is reconfigured to perform 4-way 16b×16b multiplies, 32b×32b multiply, 4-way 16b additions, 2-way 32b additions and 72b addition with single-cycle throughput and wide dynamic supply voltage range of operation (1.3V to 230mV). A reconfigurable 2×2 tile of signed 2's complement 16b multipliers, with conditional carry gating in the 72b sparse tree adder, dual-supplies for voltage hopping, and fine-grained power-gating enables peak energy efficiency of 494GOPS/W (measured at 300mV, 50°C) with a dense layout occupying 0.081mm2 (Fig. 14.6.7) while achieving: (i) scalable performance up to 2.8GHz, 278mW measured at 1.3V, (ii) fast single-cycle switching between any operating/idle mode, (iii) configuration-dependent power consumption with 41% total power reduction and 6.5× active leakage power savings, (iv) 10× standby leakage reduction during sleep mode, (v) deep subthreshold operation measured at 230mV, 8.8MHz, 87µW, and (vi) compensation for up to 3× performance variation in ultra-low voltage mode.
A QUADTREE ORGANIZATION CONSTRUCTION AND SCHEDULING METHOD FOR URBAN 3D MODEL BASED ON WEIGHT

Abstract. The increasement of Urban 3D model precision and data quantity puts forward higher requirements for real-time rendering of digital city model. Improving the organization, management and scheduling of 3D model data in 3D digital city can improve the rendering effect and efficiency. This paper takes the complexity of urban models into account, proposes a Quadtree construction and scheduling rendering method for Urban 3D model based on weight. Divide Urban 3D model into different rendering weights according to certain rules, perform Quadtree construction and schedule rendering according to different rendering weights. Also proposed an algorithm for extracting bounding box extraction based on model drawing primitives to generate LOD model automatically. Using the algorithm proposed in this paper, developed a 3D urban planning&management software, the practice has showed the algorithm is efficient and feasible, the render frame rate of big scene and small scene are both stable at around 25 frames.
Realization of Mixed WDM Transmission System

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology for fiber optic transmission systems has been developed and introduced in order to make use of approximately 60 THz bandwidth that is offered by silica optical fibers “in [1,3]”. In recent years total information carrying capacity of transmission systems was increased for the account of channels number, channel spacing and per channel bit rates. However in this case must take into the account total amount of optical power coupled into a fiber. Coupled power increase resulting in additional transmission impairments caused by nonlinear optical effects (NOE) and its combination with linear distortion mechanisms “in [4,6]”. Generally it leads to distorted transmission in some channels of fiber optic transmission system (FOTS) or even to complete failure of system’s channels. It means that informative signals cannot be detected on the other end of the fiber with a required error probability. This reduces system’s total carrying capacity and channel’s data throughput. Consequently, another system’s total transmission capacity increment solution must be found out.
Clinical application of perfusion and diffusion MR imaging in acute ischemic stroke

With the advances in new neuroimaging modalities, the role of imaging of acute ischemic stroke has broadened and progressed from making diagnoses to providing valuable information for patient management. The goal of thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke should be to salvage the ischemic tissue reversibility that can respond to recanalization and avoid reperfusion of the dead (nonviable) tissue. It is essential to have rapid diagnostic modalities that can distinguish viable ischemic tissue from irreversibly damaged tissue, because there is a risk of reperfusion injury such as hemorrhagic complications with early intervention. Although diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been reported to have a high sensitivity and specificity for acute ischemia in acute stroke patients without early reperfusion therapy, the capability to differentiate reversible from irreversible ischemia by diffusion MR imaging has not been established. Perfusion MR imaging techniques provide direct information on parenchymal perfusion status (adequacy of the collateral circulation) and may have the potential for providing important information about tissue viability and/or reversibility for selecting appropriate patients for thrombolytic therapy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:305–309. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does the use of neutral pH, low glucose degradation product peritoneal dialysis fluids lead to better patient outcomes?

Purpose of reviewThis review will examine the impact of neutral pH, low glucose degradation product (GDP) peritoneal dialysis fluid use on patient-level clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis patients. Recent findingsRecently published results from the balANZ trial and a meta-analysis suggest that the use of neutral pH, low GDP peritoneal dialysis fluids leads to better preservation of residual renal function, including residual diuresis, without added harmful effects. The impact of neutral pH, low GDP peritoneal dialysis fluids on other clinical outcomes (e.g. peritonitis) remains uncertain due to conflicting results from randomized controlled trials. A meta-analysis was unable to clarify this further due to generally suboptimal trial quality and insufficient statistical power. SummaryAt present, based on the best available evidence, the use of neutral pH, low GDP peritoneal dialysis fluids is associated with some important clinical benefits without added harm. Further studies in the area are needed to establish the cost-effectiveness of this therapy and to clarify the effects of biocompatible fluids on patient-level outcomes, such as peritonitis, quality of life, technique survival and patient survival.
Transition to chaos for random dynamical systems.

We study the transition to chaos for random dynamical systems. Near the transition, on the chaotic side, the long-time particle distribution (which is fractal) that evolves from an initial smooth distribution exhibits an extreme form of temporally intermittent bursting whose scaling we investigate. As a physical example, the problem of the distribution of particles floating on the surface of a fluid whose flow velocity has a complicated time dependence is considered.
Dose Modification of Antidiabetic Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure

Heart failure is the most common comorbidity of diabetes. The incidence of heart failure in patients with diabetes is about 9%–22%, which is four times higher Than that in patients without diabetes. Heart failure and diabetes are collectively associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared to either condition alone. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased risk of heart failure in patients with diabetes; moreover, poor glycemic control accounts for the increased risk of heart failure. At present, several oral (metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, etc.) as well as injectable (insulins, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists) antidiabetic agents are available. However, optimal treatment strategy to achieve adequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure has not been well studied. In the view of rising prevalence of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus, clinicians need to understand the potential implications of antidiabetic agents in patients with heart failure. A group of experts from across India were involved in a consensus meeting in Pondicherry during the National Insulin Summit in November 2015. They evaluated agents currently available for the treatment of diabetes looking at existing scientific evidence relevant to each class of therapy. In addition, the existing guidelines and prescribing literature available with all these agents were also reviewed. Findings from the expert evaluations were then factored into the national context incorporating personal experience and common clinical practices in India. The purpose of this consensus document is to assist the clinicians while treating patients with T2DM and heart failure.
The atypical ribosomal RNA complement of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides.

SUMMARY: Ribosomes and phenol-purified RNA were prepared from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides and were characterized by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation and sedimentation-velocity centrifugation. The ribosomes extracted from R. spheroides correspond to the 30S, 50S and 70S ribosomes derived from other bacteria. Under appropriate conditions polyribosomes were extracted. The primary ribosomal RNA of R. spheroides corresponds to the 16S particle of other bacteria. Rhodopseudomonas spheroides was devoid of the 23S ribosomal RNA typically found in other bacteria. Preparations of phenol-purified R. spheroides RNA contain, in addition to 16S RNA, smaller amounts of an RNA component which sediments more slowly than the 16S unit, with a sedimentation coefficient of about 14-15S. Of several other Athiorhodaceae examined, only Rhodopseudomonas capsulata had an unusual RNA complement like that of R. spheroides.
Decreased expression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor by ribozyme cleavage.

PURPOSE Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and its receptor (IGF-1R) are associated with abnormal retinal neovascularization. Ribozymes were designed that selectively decreased the expression of the IGF-1R and these ribozymes were tested in angiogenesis models in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Two hammerhead ribozymes were designed that cleave the human IGF-1R mRNA. The ribozymes were cloned into recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV). The rAAV constructs were transfected into human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). IGF-1R mRNA and protein levels were examined and the modified Boyden chamber assay used to examine ribozyme effects on cell migration. These constructs were injected intravitreally into mice to determine the effect of the ribozymes on retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. RESULTS Relative quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that IGF-1R Rz1 reduced IGF-1R mRNA levels by 40% +/- 10% (P = 0.003), and Western blot analysis showed a 41% +/- 5% (P = 4.6 x 10(-5)) reduction of IGF-1R protein, confirming that this ribozyme reduces IGF-1R expression. IGF-1R Rz1 also reduced IGF-1-induced cell migration by 90% +/- 5% (P = 2.9 x 10(-9)) showing that IGF-1R Rz1 reduces IGF-1R function in HRECs. IGF-1R Rz1 also reduced the amount of preretinal neovascularization by 65% +/- 6% (P = 2.7 x 10(-5)), as measured by the average number of endothelial preretinal nuclei per section. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that the IGF-1R ribozymes are effective at reducing the expression and function of the IGF-1R in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the IGF-1R ribozymes are an effective method for studying the process of angiogenesis and may ultimately be effective as gene therapy tools for the reduction of pathologic retinal angiogenesis.