Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Use of Nonlinguistic Statistical Learning as a Clinical Marker in Bilingual Children

Prof. Dongsun Yim, PhD, Department. of Communication Disorders, Ewha Womans University, 11-1, Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea e-mail: sunyim@ewha.ac. kr tel. : +82 2 3277 2120 Background & Objectives: The goal of this study was to explore the value of nonlinguistic statistical learning tasks that can be used to more accurately identify Language Impairment (LI) in children with diverse language learning experiences. The theoretical rationale for investigating statistical learning is that it has been found to be a basic cognitive learning mechanism that is critical for language learning. First, performances in visual and auditory statistical learning were compared between typically developing bilingual and monolingual children. Second, based on Spanish and English standardized tests, bilingual children were divided into two groups: children who scored within the normal range and those who did not achieve the normal range. The performances of the two groups on visual and auditory statistical learning tasks were compared. Methods: Participants were 37 Spanish-English bilingual children and 33 native English speaking monolingual children. They all met the criteria for normal development based on nonverbal IQ and a parental questionnaire. All children completed visual and auditory statistical learning tasks in addition to standard language tests. Results: The bilingual children performances were comparable to those of the monolingual children on visual and auditory nonlinguistic statistical learning tasks. These findings illustrate that, if there is no internal error in processing, performance involving statistical learning should be normal even when the subjects were systematically exposed to two different languages. When the bilingual children were divided into two groups based on standard English language scores (below average vs. above average), there were no significant differences regarding visual or auditory statistical learning. These findings held constant when the group was divided based on the ability to speak Spanish. These results supported the current diagnostic issues of bilinguals in which certain normally developing bilingual children perform poorly on standardized language tests. In addition, our results suggest that statistical learning is a more accurate assessment of underlying cognitive-linguistic processing. Discussion & Conclusion: These study results indicate that nonlinguistic statistical learning reduces the bias toward bilingual children. These research findings foster our ability to answer practical questions and identified a new way to accurately identify LI in bilingual children. This study performed the initial step of providing information on fundamental learning aspects of nonlinguistic cognitive areas in children and explored a stronger theoretical basis for accurate assessment practices in bilingual children. (Korean Journal of Communication Disorders 2011;16;13-22)
InFLUence oF MIneRAL AccReTIon InDUceD BY eLecTRIc cURRenT on The SeTTLeMenT AnD GRoWTh oF The ScLeRAcTInIAn coRAL PocIlloPoRA DAmIcoRNIS (cnIDARIA, AnThoZoA, hexAcoRALLIA)

The effect of mineral accretion induced by electric current on settlement, growth, and survival of planula larvae and juvenile corals of Pocillopora damicornis was examined by both laboratory and field experiments. The laboratory experiment showed that the numbers of larvae settling on tiles with coralline algae and steel plates encrusted with limestone under no electric current condition were higher than that of other conditions. In the field, the highest survival rates of juvenile corals occurred under the lowest electric current density. However, there was no difference on the growth of juvenile corals between different electric current levels. The mineral accretion could potentially be used to enhance survival of juvenile corals for coral rehabilitation purpose.
Order Aggressiveness and Flash Crashes

We present a novel framework illustrating the links between order aggressiveness and flash crashes. Our framework involves a trading sequence beginning with significant increases in aggressive sell orders relative to aggressive buy orders until instruments’ prices fall to their lowest levels. Thereafter, a rise in aggressive buy orders propels prices back to their pre-crash levels. Using a sample of S&P 500 stocks trading during the May 6 2010 flash crash, we show that our framework is correctly specified and provide a basis for linking flash crashes to aggressive strategies, which are found to be more profitable during flash crashes.
CHRISTIAN DEMOCRACY AND WELFARE

Early Christian-democracy derived its strength and inspiration from the social doctrine of Catholic magisterium. Defined as a third way and a centrist doctrine, Christiandemocracy has to reconcile its history with the modern position of popular parties of the right wing. In other words, the old plea for the betterment of the lesser-off may be understood as an incipient form of welfare. Secondly, there should be a match between early meanings of welfare and present distributive policies. The aim of this paper is to revisit social founding encyclicals to delineate a Christian-democratic particular vision on welfare. The main contention is that Christian-democracy has built in autonomous principles of welfare, charity and care for the lesser off.
International Society of Gynecological Pathologists Letter to the Editor Endocervical Adenocarcinoma In Situ , Serous Type To the

To the Editor: Endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) is a precursor to invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma. Several subtypes of AIS have been described; the most commonly recognized are endocervical and intestinal types followed by endometrioid, tubal, and stratified (adenosquamous) types (1–3). Immunohistochemically, AIS is characterized by high ki-67 index and diffuse p16 immunoreactivity (4). Serous carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare type of invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma with morphologic features indistinguishable from its endometrial counterpart (5,6). Endocervical serous carcinoma differs from conventional types of endocervical adenocarcinoma cytoarchitecturally, immunohistochemically, and prognostically (7). However, its pathogenesis and possible association with human papillomavirus infection is yet to be established. Unlike the case with conventional types of endocervical adenocarcinoma, to the best of our knowledge, the in situ counterpart of endocervical serous carcinoma has not been documented to date. We have recently encountered a case of endocervical serous carcinoma diagnosed in a 62-year-old woman who underwent radical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The cervical tumor displayed morphologic features consistent with serous carcinoma with no evidence of malignancy in the endometrium or adnexa. Adjacent to the invasive cancer, we have
Institutional quality, openness, and investment in Africa

This study supports the conventional wisdom that openness to trade is good for investment and economic growth. Whether this conclusion leaves space for institutional quality as a complimentary policy to determine the success of trade liberalization in Africa is the objective of this paper. The theoretical model and empirical analysis show how the behavior of government bureaucrats can be used to explain the impact on investment of the interaction between increased openness to trade and the quality of institutions. Empirical work is conducted using panel data observed over three periods: 1985-1990, 1990-1995, and 1995- 2000.
Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells : A First-Generation Platform

Behfar A, Terzic A, Perez-Terzic CM: Regenerative principles enrich cardiac rehabilitation practice. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2014;93(Suppl):S169YS175. Cardiovascular morbidity imposes a high degree of disability and mortality, with limited therapeutic options available in end-stage disease. Integral to standard of care, cardiac rehabilitation aims on improving quality-of-life and prolonging survival. The recent advent of regenerative technologies paves the way for a transformative era in rehabilitation medicine whereby, beyond controlling risk factors and disease progression, the prospect of curative solutions is increasingly tangible. To date, the spectrum of clinical experience in cardiac regenerative medicine relies on stem cellYbased therapies delivered to the diseased myocardium either acutely/subacutely, after a coronary event, or in the setting of chronic heart failure. Application of autologous/allogeneic stem cell platforms has established safety and feasibility, with encouraging signals of efficacy. Newer protocols aim to purify cell populations in an attempt to eliminate nonregenerative and enrich for regenerative cell types before use. Most advanced technologies have been developed to isolate resident cell populations directly from the heart or, alternatively, condition cells from noncardiac sources to attain a disease-targeted lineage-specified phenotype for optimized outcome. Because a multiplicity of cell-based technologies has undergone phase I/II evaluation, pivotal trials are currently underway in larger patient populations. Translation of regenerative principles into clinical practice will increasingly involve rehabilitation providers across the continuumof patient care. Regenerative rehabilitation is thus an emergingmultidisciplinary field, full of opportunities and ready to be explored.
Nodes of resistance to green grabbing: a political ecology

Green grabbing is the privatization or appropriation of land for purposes of advancing a “green” economy while excluding local, indigenous people from natural resources. This is a problem of global scale that has arisen mainly during a historical period when free market, neo-liberal policies have dominated the world economy. The academic li-terature on the subject rarely mentions resistance to green grabbing, nor are there many efforts to critically and syste-matically examine the social dynamics of this process. We consider both what works and what fails during the process of opposition, as well as the social psychology of risk taking among both green grabbers and opponents. The paper con-cludes with a way forward proffering the resistance.
Morbid Obesity and Psychiatric Disorders Hiding a Sex Aneuploidy: A Case of Late Diagnosis of 48,XXYY Syndrome

48,XXYY syndrome is a rare sex chromosomal aneuploidy, with a prevalence of 1:18,000 - 1:50,000 males. Despite it being considered as a variant of Klinefelter syndrome, it is now known to be a distinct entity, differing from the latter due to a greater degree of severity and prevalence of psychiatric disorders and mental deficiency. We present the case of a 37-year-old man with psychiatric disease who attended our department due to morbid obesity, identified as a 48,XXYY genotype. Clinical evaluation and cytogenetic analysis is presented.
Nasal salt gland in dinosaurs

Large, herbivorous dinosaurs display, as a rule, enlarged external nostrils. It is considered here, that they accomodated large functioning salt gland homologous with the lateral nasal gland of Recent reptiles and birds. All dinosaurs were probably uricotelic animals which had to use the extrarenal way of excreting excess of monovalent ions. It is suggested here that they were able to use the nasal salt gland for this purpose. Its presence may have been especially important for unloading the excess of potassium Ions Ingested by large herbivores with their vegetarian food, orland for getting rid of sodium Ions by herbivores living In saline environment. An alternative is also given, that the development of large functioning salt gland may have been exclusively a result of large body size and consequently of large amount of potassium ions ingested, independent of fresh water availability in the environment.
The critical success factors for stakeholder management in the restoration of built heritage assets in the UK

Purpose Built heritage or historic assets (BHAs) constructed in the pre-nineteenth century in the UK are perceived to have certain characteristics which instill cultural significance in them and have seen them become valuable to the economy of the country. The heritage sector makes significant contributions to the UK economy through provision of tourist attractive sites, construction and servicing of heritage assets, heritage conservation, research, and commercial activities carried out within and around heritage assets. These benefits have seen them draw considerable interests from diverse stakeholders within and outside the heritage sector. Hence, a lot of attention is drawn toward restoration of such assets, from stakeholders of different interests, ranging from advocacies for no alteration to complete alteration of the heritage assets. As with construction projects, conflict of interests amongst stakeholders affect the outcome of restoration projects and the purpose of this paper is to examine the critical success factors (CSFs) for managing the stakeholders to achieve the projects’ objectives. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the views and experiences of practitioners in the heritage sector who have been involved with BHA restoration projects. A total of 32 CSFs for stakeholder management, obtained through rigorous reviews of literature, were subjected to a severe scrutiny with eight restoration experts to determine the importance of the CSFs in restoration projects. The outcome of the exercise was a modified list of 20 CSFs which were further tested on 52 restoration practitioners in the UK using a structured questionnaire to determine the degree of importance of each of the CSFs in restoration projects and their relationships as perceived by the practitioners. Findings The results of the analyses performed on the data show that most of the CSFs were perceived by restoration practitioners as truly critical and vital for successful management of stakeholders in restoration of BHAs. The results also indicate that there is a strong consensus amongst over 50 percent of the practitioners on the rankings of the CSFs. Practical implications The identified CSFs could be used by the restoration practitioners as a “road map” for the development of appropriate solutions for successfully managing stakeholders associated with the promotion and BHAs restoration assets. Originality/value Although CSFs for stakeholder management in construction have been studied by many scholars, no specific research could be identified prior to this study to have been done in defining the CSFs for stakeholder management in restoration projects.
Achieving Systems-Based Sustained Recovery: A Comprehensive Model for Collegiate Recovery Communities

ABSTRACT The Center for the Study of Addiction and Recovery (CSAR) (a Center within the College of Human Sciences at Texas Tech University, TTU), has developed a comprehensive Collegiate Recovery Community (CRC). This community provides a model of support and relapse prevention for college students recovering from addictive behaviors—primarily alcohol/drug addiction. This model is specifically targeted for implementation in the college/university setting and has been used at TTU for 20 years. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the literature related to substance use among college-aged individuals, discuss the challenges of recovery within this population, describe existing collegiate programs, and provide an extensive description of the CRC model. The CRC model specifically incorporates recovery support, access to higher education/educational support, peer support, family support, and community support/service in an effort to help individuals attain what we describe as systems-based sustained recovery. Preliminary evidence of success indicates that support services offered by the CRC work for the current population as evidenced by an average relapse rate of only 8%, a graduation rate of 70%, and an average GPA of 3.18 among members. Limitations of the model and plans for future research are also discussed.
Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferisensu latu in rodents from two areaswith varying wild ungulate densities inSouthern Sweden

On a global scale, zoonotic vector-borne diseases pose an increasing threat towards human health. In Europe, the haemotophagous ectoparasite sheep tick (Ixodes ricinus) acts as a pathogen vector for diseases like tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease with increasing annual incidences during the last decades. In 2015, Lyme borreliosis was ranked in the top ten priority group of pathogens to guide resource allocation within the Public Health Agency of Sweden. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l) is the pathogen that causes Lyme disease in humans and animals and is maintained in the wild by a complex multi-species transmission process involving tick vectors and many different vertebrate hosts, including humans as dead-end hosts. In Sweden, the relation between B. burgdorferi s.l. prevalence in rodents and ungulate abundance is unknown. In this study, the prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in rodents (Yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) and bank vole (Myodes glareolus), was evaluated in Gnesta/Nykoping (G/N) and Vaxjo/Vetlanda (V/V), with varying abundances of wild ungulates as moose (Alces alces), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama). Rodent data and ungulate population density data were based on data collected by the National Environmental and Wildlife Monitoring and Assessment program at SLU. Prevalence of B. burgdorferi in rodents were analysed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results show equal B. burgdorferi s.l. prevalence in the two study regions (22%), but between species, M. glareolus showed a significantly higher prevalence (26%) compared to Apodemus spp. (15%). B. burgdorferi s.l. Overall, the infection probability analysis revealed a higher risk for M. glareolus of getting infected than Apodemus spp. However, when comparing infection probability between species in each region, these same results were found for the V/V area, but were contradictory within the G/N reg. The probability of infection also increased with body mass in rodents. Most importantly, the infection probability analysis revealed that deer species such as roe deer and fallow deer did not significantly influence infection probability in rodents. In conclusion, the dataset for prevalence and infection probability analysis, should have been larger to obtain greater statistical power. Also, the method using external oligonucleotides as standard curve reference, are in need of a scientific evaluation.
Enhancing Matrix Completion Using a Modified Second-Order Total Variation

In this paper, we propose a new method to deal with the matrix completion problem. Different from most existing matrix completion methods that only pursue the low rank of underlying matrices, the proposed method simultaneously optimizes their low rank and smoothness such that theymutually help each other and hence yield a better performance. In particular, the proposed method becomes very competitive with the introduction of a modified second-order total variation, even when it is compared with some recently emergedmatrix completionmethods that also combine the low rank and smoothness priors of matrices together. An efficient algorithm is developed to solve the induced optimization problem.The extensive experiments further confirm the superior performance of the proposed method over many state-of-the-art methods.
Energy-Water Balance and Ecosystem Response to Climate Change in Southwest China

It is important to highlight energy-water balance and ecosystem response to climate changes. The change of water-energy balance and ecosystem due to climate change will affect the regional ecological and human living significantly, especially in Southwest China which is an ecologically fragile area. This chapter presents the retrieval methodology of parameters (reconstruction of vegetation index, land cover semiautomatic classification, a time series reconstruction of land surface temperature based on Kalman filter and precipitation interpolation based on thin plate smoothing splines), time-series analysis methodology (land cover change, vegetation succession and drought index) and correlate analysis methodology (correlation coefficient and principal component analysis). Then, based on the above method, remote sensing data were integrated, a time series analysis on a 30-year data was used to illustrate the waterenergy balance and ecosystem variability in Southwest China. The result showed that energy-water balance and ecosystem (ecosystem structures, vegetation and droughts) have severe response to climate change.
Production of camel milk yoghurt: physicochemical and microbiological quality and consumer acceptability

The objectives of this study were to make yoghurt from camel milk and determine its physicochemical, microbiological and sensory qualities. The quality of camel milk yoghurt was compared with cow milk yoghurt and all parameters were analyzed following standard procedures. Yoghurt of acceptable consistency was made from camel milk using 1.2% gelatin, 5% bovine skim milk powder, 1.5 ml/L of calcium chloride, 40 ml/L of maple strawberry syrup and 6% yoghurt culture (YF-L811) and by incubating the milk at 42°C for 18 h. The average values for moisture, ash, syneresis, pH, titratable acidity and total solids of camel milk yoghurt were 83.4%, 1.13%, 58%, 4.37, 1.255% lactic acid and 16.7%, respectively. The corresponding values for cow milk yoghurt were 80.6%, 0.71%, 56%, 4.67, 0.865% lactic acid and 19.5%, respectively. The titratable acidity of camel milk yoghurt was significantly higher (P<0.05) than cow milk yoghurt; however, no significant difference was observed between the two yoghurt types for the other parameters. Coliforms were not detected in both yoghurt types. The sensory analysis showed that cow milk yoghurt was more preferred by the panellists than camel milk yoghurt. Production of yoghurt from camel milk using the same procedure as for cow milk yoghurt proved to be difficult. Further research is called for to improve the acceptability of camel milk yoghurt using locally available and acceptable flavouring agents. Research needs to be conducted to optimize the operating parameters and standardize the production procedures of camel milk yoghurt in the future.
Quality properties and expression profiling of protein disulfide isomerase genes during grain development of three spring wheat near isogenic lines

Three wheat glutenin near isogenic lines (NILs) CB037A, CB037B and CB037C were used to investigate their quality properties and the transcriptional expression profiles of PDI gene family during grain development. Our purpose is to understand the relationships between the dynamic expression of different PDI genes and glutenin allelic compositions related to gluten quality. The results showed that glutenin allelic variations had no significant effects on main agronomic traits and yield performance, but resulted in clear gluten quality changes. CB037B with 5+10 subunits had higher glutenin macropolymer (GMP) content and better breadmaking quality than CB037A with 2+12 while the lack of Glu-B3h encoding one abundant B-subunit in CB037C significantly reduced GMP content, dough strength and breadmaking quality. The dynamic expression patterns of eight protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) genes during grain development detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed the close correlations between higher expression levels of PDI3-1, PDI5-1 and PDI8-1 and the presence of 5+10 subunits. Meanwhile, Glu-B3h silence resulted in significant decrease of expression levels of five PDI genes (PDI3-1, PDI5-1, PDI6-1, PDI7-2 and PDI8-1), suggesting the vital roles of certain PDI genes in glutenin and GMP synthesis and gluten quality formation.