Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equid Herpesvirus 2-Associated Oral and Esophageal Ulceration in a Foal

A case of a 1-month-old Thoroughbred foal with dysphagia, salivation, pyrexia, oral mucosal pustules, and esophageal ulceration is reported. Swabs from the ulcerated lesions yielded Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) in virus isolation assays, and histopathology of a biopsy from the esophageal lesion identified nuclear inclusions suggestive of herpesviruses. Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies specific for EHV-2 was positive for epithelial cells in the vicinity of the ulcer but not in more distant mucosa. Electron microscopic evaluation of the biopsy showed herpesviral particles in epithelial cells. The foal recovered over 5 days of supportive and gastroprotective therapy, and the esophageal ulcers healed. Serology and immunohistochemistry indicated that this foal likely had lesions associated with EHV-2 and not EHV-1, −4, or −5.
The Melanocortin Agonist Melanotan‐II Reduces the Orexigenic and Adipogenic Effects of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) but Does not Affect the NPY‐Driven Suppressive Effects on the Gonadotropic and Somatotropic Axes in the Male Rat

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a strong orexigenic neurotransmitter also known to modulate several neuroendocrine axes. α‐Melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (MSH) is an essential anorectic neuropeptide, acting on hypothalamic MC3/4 receptor subtypes. When given as an intracerebroventricular bolus injection, Melanotan‐II (MT‐II), a non selective MC receptor agonist, inhibits feeding, suppresses the NPY orexigenic action, and reduces basal insulinaemia. We evaluated the effects of a 7‐day central infusion of MT‐II (15 nmol/day) given either alone or in association with NPY (5 nmol/day) in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. MT‐II produced almost full anorexia for 1–2 days but then feeding gradually returned to normal despite continued MT‐II infusion. When coinfused with NPY, MT‐II also produced the same initial anorectic episode but then maintained feeding to upper normal levels, thus cancelling the hyperphagia driven by NPY. Whereas NPY infusion produced a doubling of fat pad weight, MT‐II reduced adiposity by a factor of two compared to pair‐fed rats, and vastly curtailed the NPY‐driven increase in fat pad weight. MT‐II infusion also significantly curtailed the NPY‐induced rise in insulin and leptin secretions. NPY infusion significantly inhibited hypothalamic pro‐opiomelanocortin mRNA expression, most likely cancelling the α‐MSH anorectic activity. As expected from previous studies, chronic NPY infusion strongly inhibited both the gonadotropic and somatotropic axes, and coinfusion of MT‐II did not reverse these NPY‐driven effects, in sharp contrast with that seen for the metabolic data. MT‐II infusion alone had little effect on these axes. In conclusion, chronic MT‐II infusion generated a severe but transient reduction in feeding, suggesting an escape phenomenon, and clearly reduced fat pad size. When coinfused with NPY, MT‐II was able to cancel most of the NPY effects on feeding, but not those on the neuroendocrine axes. It appears therefore that, as expected, NPY and α‐MSH closely interact in the control of feeding, whereas the neural pathways by which NPY affects growth and reproduction are distinct and not sensitive to MC peptide modulation.
Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma: a clinicopathologic study of 12 cases.

OBJECTIVE The ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is an uncommon odontogenic tumor occurring in childhood with limited reported data on recurrence. The purpose of this AFO study was to review its clinicopathologic features, investigate treatment modalities and establish a recurrence rate. STUDY DESIGN The clinicopathologic features of 12 new cases of AFO were analyzed and compared with those of 208 cases from the literature, with special emphasis on the clinical behavior, treatment, and recurrence rate. RESULTS The average age was 9.4 (+/- 6.7) years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.6:1. The mandible was the site of occurrence in 59.5%. The tumor most often presented radiographically as a unilocular mixed density lesion associated with the crown of an impacted tooth. Displacement of teeth, delayed eruption and bony expansion were commonplace. There were 5 recurrences among 68 cases with adequate follow-up for a recurrence rate of 7.4%. All recurrences were attributed to incomplete removal at the time of the initial surgery. CONCLUSIONS The AFO is a childhood tumor most often affecting the posterior jaws and frequently causing bony expansion with profound affects on the dentition. Conservative surgical removal with extraction of the associated teeth is recommended. The established recurrence rate is less than 10%.
Altering the NICU and measuring infants' responses

The aim of the study was to measure the impact of a designated Quiet period on the NICU environment and its influence on the infants' physiological and movement responses. The study group comprised 10 preterm infants on assisted ventilation (mean gestational age 28.7 wk (range 24‐32 wk), mean birthweight 1322 g (range 600‐2060 g), meanage 5.2 d). The environment in which the infants were nursed was altered in terms of reduced light, noise, staff activity and infant handling. The infants' heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and movement responses were recorded during this Quiet period and compared with a period of Normal activity. When the Quiet period was compared with the Normal period (median values), the NICU environment had significantly altered in terms of Light: Quiet period 3.0 Lux, Normal period 254.5 Lux (p lt; 0.01); Noise: Quiet period 54.0 dB, Normal period 58.0 dB (p < 0.01); Alarm events: Quiet period 491.5 sec, Normal period 1180.5 sec (p<0.01); Staff conversation: Quiet period 16.0 occasions per hour, Normal period 60.0 occasions per hour (p < 0.01); Staff activity: Quiet period 25.5 occasions per hour, Normal period 59.0 occasions per hour (p < 0.01); Infant handling: Quiet period 0.0 events per hour, Normal period 4.5 events per hour (p < 0.01). Infants' diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure: median reduction of 2 mmHg for both during the Quiet period (p<0.05). Infants' movements: Quiet period 14.5 movements per hour, Normal period 84.0 movements per hour (p < 0.05).
A Survey on PEV Charging Infrastructure: Impact Assessment and Planning

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) represent a huge step forward in a green transportation system, contribute in reduction of greenhouse gas emission, and reduce the dependence on fossil fuel. Integration of PEVs into the electric power system will result in a considerable addition to electricity demand. Due to PEV mobility, this demand has a random distribution in space and time among distribution system nodes. Therefore, short term forecast of PEV charging demand is more challenging than that for conventional loads. Assessment of PEV impacts on the power system is essential to mitigate the impairments from PEV loads. Optimal planning of PEV charging infrastructure will promote the penetration rate of PEVs and minimize the negative impacts of PEVs on the electric power distribution system and transportation road network. Design of charging facilities with integrated distributed energy resources (DER) is considered a solution to alleviate strain on the grid, reduce the integration cost with the distribution network and the charging cost. In this paper, we present a comprehensive literature survey on modelling of PEV charging demand, impact assessment approaches and tools, and charging infrastructure planning. Moreover, an overview on charging facility design with integrated DER is given. Some future research directions are identified.
Primary Cutaneous Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Multicenter European Case Series

Primary cutaneous posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are rare. This retrospective, multicenter study of 35 cases aimed to better describe this entity. Cases were (re)‐classified according to the WHO‐EORTC or the WHO 2008 classifications of lymphomas. Median interval between first transplantation and diagnosis was 85 months. Fifty‐seven percent of patients had a kidney transplant. Twenty‐four cases (68.6%) were classified as primary cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and 11 (31.4%) as primary cutaneous B cell PTLD. Mycosis fungoides (MF) was the most common (50%) CTCL subtype. Ten (90.9%) cutaneous B cell PTLD cases were classified as EBV‐associated B cell lymphoproliferations (including one plasmablastic lymphoma and one lymphomatoid granulomatosis) and one as diffuse large B cell lymphoma, other, that was EBV‐negative. Sixteen (45.7%) patients died after a median follow‐up of 19.5 months (11 [68.8%] with CTCL [6 of whom had CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD)] and 5 [31.2%] with cutaneous B cell PTLD. Median survival times for all patients, CTCL and cutaneous B cell PTLD subgroups were 93, 93, and 112 months, respectively. Survival rates for MF were higher than those for CD30+ LPD. The spectrum of primary CTCL in organ transplant recipients (OTR) is similar to that in the general population. The prognosis of posttransplant primary cutaneous CD30+ LPD is worse than posttransplant MF and than its counterpart in the immunocompetent population. EBV‐associated cutaneous B cell LPD predominates in OTR.
ASSERTS: a toolkit for real-time software design, development and evaluation

We describe a real time software engineering toolkit called ASSERTS that provides complementary analysis and simulation capabilities to assist the real time system designer. ASSERTS is configuration independent and allows users to describe the parameters of the hardware platform, interconnection and the kernel and the task system for the purpose of simulation and analysis. The simulation component of ASSERTS is quite detailed and features a number of built-in models for practical real time schedulers, interconnections and resource access protocols. Users can define the behavior of the tasks at various levels of abstraction using a fairly small set of macroinstructions. ASSERTS allows users to quickly gain an insight into the design of the software as it evolves and also allows "what if" studies to be done very easily.
Transfer of heme from mitochondria in rat liver cells.

The final steps in heme synthesis take place within mitochondria while the acceptor apoproteins are synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum. When 14C-δ-aminolevulinic acid is used as a heme precursor in intact rats, measurable 14C-heme is found to be associated with the microsomes within 10 min of intraperitoneal injection. This rapid transfer of heme from mitochondria was studied in vitro using isolated rat liver mitochondria, and protoporphyrin IX and 59Fe as heme precursors. These mitochondria synthesize heme when suspended in whole cell sap and this is only partially reduced by substituting Sephadex G-25 filtered cell sap or sucrose. Mitochondria incubated in G-25 filtered cell sap or sucrose synthesize equivalent amounts of heme but those in sucrose export little heme into the surrounding medium. Heme export from mitochondria is dependent on protein in the suspending medium. In cell sap, heme is associated with multiple proteins and no single carrier was identified. Heme probably makes its way from .
Analysis of Mycobacterium avium Complex Isolates from Blood Samples of AIDS Patients by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

ABSTRACT A molecular analysis of the first Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) blood isolates from 177 patients from 10 Canadian cities revealed that each cluster of indistinguishable strains consisted of isolates from epidemiologically unrelated patients in the same city or region. This study supports the premise that acquisition of MAC from a common environmental source occasionally occurs.
Leukocyte count influences the relationship of circulating resistin concentrations with advanced atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis.

Sirs, Resistin is an adipokine that, in humans, mostly originates in mononuclear leukocytes (1). Resistin is additionally implicated in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Indeed, resistin colocalises with inflammatory cells in synovial tissue, upregulates cytokine production and associates with disease severity and, hence, is also a potential novel therapeutic target in RA (1, 2). Whether resistin enhances cardiovascular risk in RA is currently uncertain. Resistin concentrations were found to be unrelated to carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) (3) as well as coronary artery calcification scores (4) in RA. However, we recently documented an independent relationship between resistin concentrations and surrogate markers of early atherogenesis in RA (5). Importantly in the present context, carotid artery plaque is a more reliable indicator of increased cardiovascular risk than cIMT and coronary artery calcification (6). Plaque represents advanced atherosclerosis that is strongly related to coronary heart disease risk factors and incident coronary heart disease in both non-RA and RA subjects (7). Consideration of both cIMT and plaque can substantially improve cardiovascular risk stratification (7). In the present study, we examined the independent relationships of resistin concentrations with cIMT and plaque in 217 (112 black and 105 white) patients that were us-
Primary Hepatic Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma: CT and angiographic findings in two cases

Primary hepatic undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is an extremely rare disease entity whose imaging characteristics are not well documented in literature. We present two cases of primary hepatic UPS with contrasting disease courses, and their CT and angiographic findings in this report. Imaging characteristics include inhomogeneous appearance and peripheral enhancement pattern, with necrosis and delayed gradual fill-in enhancement more evident in the larger tumor. Although imaging findings are not specific, being familiar with the common manifestations of primary hepatic UPS will allow radiologists to include it in their differential diagnosis list for suspected sarcomatous or mesenchymal tumors of liver.
Apoptotic Radiosensitivity of Cervical Tumor Cells Enhanced by Ellagic Acid

Cancer is a multifactorial disease that in many cases requires multimodal treatment involving combination of conventional chemo and radiotherapy. Radiotherapy kills cancer cells and normal cells equally which imposes limitation to cancer treatment. Failure of cancer treatment in clinic by radio/chemotherapy is generally attributed to resistance of tumor.Therefore it is essential to develop strategies to increase cytotoxicity of tumor cells by radiation in combination with new tumor selective cytotoxic agents. Research has facilitated the identification of various herbal compounds capable to increase toxic effect of ionizing radiation to tumor cells and spare normal cells thereby; reducing the undesirable side effects. Ellagic acid (EA) is one such polyphenol which has shown anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. Involvement of ROS is suggested in radio-cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that radiosensitivity of normal and tumor cells was governed by their susceptibility to undergo apoptotic death. Therefore, a new line of research is needed to focus on finding inducers of apoptosis in tumor cells leaving events of apoptosis in normal cells unaffected. This strategy requires the integration of radiobiological concepts and the knowledge of the molecular biological mechanisms involved in apoptosis induction. This article focuses on potential of EA as a potent radiosensitizer involving initiation of radiation induced apoptosis in cervical tumor cells.
Improving the accuracy of network intrusion detectors by input-dependent stacking

Network intrusion detectors analyze network traffic for detecting attacks in computer networks. Achieving a high detection accuracy and in particular a low number of false alarms is crucial for their practical use. In this paper a new stacking approach is suggested for improving the detection accuracy of anomaly and misuse detectors in network intrusion detection systems. Each detector gets a stacked module as a corrective element that is learned on training data. The stacked module shall raise the detector score in case of a true attack and lower the score in case of a normal connection. This is achieved by combining the detector score with context information (statistical features) about the respective connection, making it possible for example to learn in which context a certain detector is reliable and where it is not. The approach is empirically evaluated using real HTTP and FTP network traffic. The results show that the detectors enhanced by stacking typically are significantly better than the original detectors.
Non-operative breast pathology: lobular neoplasia

Lobular neoplasia is a relatively uncommon lesion, which is frequently diagnosed in biopsy specimens taken for other reasons. Although the histological features of this lesion are well known, its biological significance as a “risk indicator” or “breast cancer precursor” has been a matter of debate. This review provides an update on recent clinicopathological and molecular data on lobular neoplasia and how these have changed the way these lesions are perceived and, most importantly, managed. Furthermore, the current recommendations for the management of lobular neoplasia diagnosed on core needle biopsies proposed in the National Health Service Breast Cancer Screening guidelines are discussed.
No magic bullets: a systematic review of 102 trials of interventions to improve professional practice.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of different types of interventions in improving health professional performance and health outcomes. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, SCISEARCH, CINAHL and the Research and Development Resource Base in CME were searched for trials of educational interventions in the health care professions published between 1970 and 1993 inclusive. STUDY SELECTION Studies were selected if they provided objective measurements of health professional performance or health outcomes and employed random or quasi-random allocation methods in their study designs to assign individual subjects or groups. Interventions included such activities as conferences, outreach visits, the use of local opinion leaders, audit and feedback, and reminder systems. DATA EXTRACTION Details extracted from the studies included the study design; the unit of allocation (e.g., patient, provider, practice, hospital); the characteristics of the targeted health care professionals, educational interventions and patients (when appropriate); and the main outcome measure. DATA SYNTHESIS The inclusion criteria were met by 102 trials. Areas of behaviour change included general patient management, preventive services, prescribing practices, treatment of specific conditions such as hypertension or diabetes, and diagnostic service or hospital utilization. Dissemination-only strategies, such as conferences or the mailing of unsolicited materials, demonstrated little or no changes in health professional behaviour or health outcome when used alone. More complex interventions, such as the use of outreach visits or local opinion leaders, ranged from ineffective to highly effective but were most often moderately effective (resulting in reductions of 20% to 50% in the incidence of inappropriate performance). CONCLUSION There are no "magic bullets" for improving the quality of health care, but there are a wide range of interventions available that, if used appropriately, could lead to important improvements in professional practice and patient outcomes.
Osteocytes as Dynamic Multifunctional Cells

Abstract: The target of bone systemic factors and therapeutics has been assumed to be primarily osteoblasts and/or osteoclasts and their precursors. All the action with regard to bone modeling or remodeling has been assumed to take place on the bone surface. In this scenario, cells below the bone surface, that is, osteocyte, are considered to be inactive placeholders in the bone matrix. New data show osteocytes are involved. In addition to the function of osteocytes translating mechanical strain into biochemical signals between osteocytes and cells on the bone surface to affect (re)modeling, new functions are emerging. Osteocytes are exquisitely sensitive to mechanical strain in the form of shear stress compared to osteoblasts or osteoclasts and communicate with each other, with cells on the bone surface, and with marrow cells. Osteocytes are able to move their cell body and their dendritic processes and appear to be able to modify their local microenvironment. A novel function now attributed to osteocytes includes regulation of phosphate metabolism. Therefore, in addition to osteoblasts and osteoclasts, osteocytes are also important for bone health.
Pulmonary vascular remodeling correlates with lung eggs and cytokines in murine schistosomiasis.

RATIONALE Schistosomiasis is considered to be the most common worldwide cause of pulmonary hypertension. At present there is no well-characterized animal model to study the pathobiology of this important condition. OBJECTIVES To develop a mouse model of schistosomiasis, characterize the extent of pulmonary vascular remodeling, and determine the potential role of inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Mice (C57/Bl6) were infected transcutaneously with a high dose (approximately 75-100 cercariae) or a low dose (approximately 30 cercariae) of Schistosoma mansoni, and the development of lung and liver pathology was studied in the subacute (high-dose) and chronic (low-dose) settings. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In the subacute setting, mice showed few eggs in the lungs and no evidence of pulmonary vascular remodeling. In contrast, chronically infected animals had a much greater lung egg burden and developed marked pulmonary vascular remodeling accompanied by perivascular inflammation from 12 weeks onwards. In addition, we observed the presence of plexiform-like lesions in these mice. Lung egg burden correlated with both liver egg burden and right ventricular (RV) index in the chronic group, although significant RV hypertrophy was lacking. Plasma Th1 and Th2 cytokines increased with time in the chronic group and correlated with the degree of pulmonary vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for extensive pulmonary vascular remodeling, despite the absence of RV hypertrophy, in a mouse model of schistosomiasis, including the formation of plexiform-like lesions. Inflammatory cytokines and lung egg burden may contribute to vascular lesion formation.