Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the negative effect of high glucose on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells by silicon ions from calcium silicate bioceramics

Abstract Human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) are exploited for miscellaneous applications in bone tissue engineering where they are mainly used as seed cells. However, high glucose (HG) environment has negative impacts on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, thus reducing the bone formation in diabetic patients. In our former research works, we discovered that silicon (Si) ions extracted from silicate-based bioceramics are able to stimulate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs under normal culture condition. This study aimed to investigate if Si ions could prevent HG-induced inhibition of proliferation and osteogenesis of hBMSCs. We found that 2.59 ppm concentration of Si ions promoted the proliferation of hBMSCs under HG condition. The results from alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin red S staining and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of osteogenic genes (BMP2, RUNX2, ALP, COL1 and OCN) demonstrated that the 15.92 ppm concentration of Si ions prevented HG-induced inhibition of the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Moreover, application of Si ions reduced the level of reactive oxygen species in HG-treated hBMSCs. In HG-treated hBMSCs following 15.92 ppm Si ions treatment, activation of BMP2/SMAD signaling pathway was detected, as indicated by the increased expression of BMP2 receptors and its downstream genes such as SMAD1, SMAD4 and SMAD5. Taken together, we provide evidence that the specific concentration of Si ions compensated HG-induced inhibition of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs through antioxidant effect and modulation of BMP2/SMAD pathway. The results suggest that silicate-based bioceramics might be good scaffold biomaterials for bone engineering applications in diabetes patients.
Economic burden of stroke across Europe: A population-based cost analysis

Introduction In 2017, 1.5 million people were diagnosed with stroke, 9 million were living with stroke and 0.4 million died because of stroke in 32 European countries. We estimate the economic burden of stroke across these countries in 2017. Patients and methods In a population-based cost analysis, we evaluated the cost of stroke. We estimated overall health and social care costs from expenditure on care in the primary, outpatient, emergency, inpatient and nursing/residential care settings, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, we estimated the costs of unpaid care provided by relatives or friends of patients, lost earnings due to premature death and costs associated with individuals who temporarily or permanently left employment because of illness. Results In 2017 stroke cost the 32 European countries under analysis €60 billion, with health care accounting for €27 billion (45%), representing 1.7% of health expenditure. Adding the costs of social care (€5 billion), annual stroke-related care costs were equivalent to €59 per citizen, varying from €11 in Bulgaria to €140 in Finland. Productivity losses cost €12 billion, equally split between early death and lost working days. A total of €1.3 billion hours of informal care were provided to stroke survivors, costing Europe €16 billion. Conclusion Our study provides a snapshot of the economic consequences posed by stroke to 32 European countries in 2017. It also strengthens and updates the evidence we have gathered over the last 15 years, indicating that the costs of stroke are rising, partly due to an ageing population.
P2798Final 5-year outcomes of the TRIAS High Risk of Restenosis; a multi-centre, randomized trial comparing endothelial progenitor cell capturing stent with drug-eluting stents

One of the major long-term disadvantages of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains in-stent restenosis and need for repeat revascularisation. The polymer-regulated delivery of cytotoxic or cytostatic drugs, on drug-eluting stents (DES), impede the natural healing response of the damaged vessel wall. In animals, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) beneficially influence the repair of the coronary vessel wall after damage by stent placement. It is hypothesized that after immobilisation the EPCs differentiate into a functional endothelial layer and that this layer will prevent neointimal proliferation and thrombus formation. Anti-CD34+ antibodies are able to capture the EPCs. The Genous stent consist of a bare-metal stent with anti-CD34+ antibody coating. Demonstrating long-term performance of Genous EPC capturing stent (ECS) relative to DES regarding target lesion failure (TLF); the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) and any target lesion revascularisation (TLR) within 5 years. We undertook an international, clinical trial in 26 centres planning to randomise 1300 patients with stable coronary artery disease and with a high risk of restenosis between treatment with either ECS or DES. After a routine review with 50% of the patients enrolled, early cessation of the trial was recommended by the data and safety monitoring board when TLF in the ECS population was substantially higher and treatment of new patients with an ECS would be unreasonable. The trial was terminated for safety reasons. A total of 622 were randomly assigned to receive either Genous ECS (304 patients, 367 lesions) or DES (318 patients, 388 lesions). Five year follow-up data was obtained in 95.5% of patients. TLF occurred in 29.1% of the ECS-treated patients and in 16.0% of the DES-treated patients (p<0.001) (Figure 1). This difference was driven by higher rates of TLR (22.9% vs. 10.7%, p<0.001), but not by cardiac death (6.5% vs. 4.5%, p=0.268), or MI (5.8% vs. 3.6%, p=0.175). Definite or probable stent thrombosis was seen in 8 ECS-treated patients (2.7%) and in 3 DES-treated patients (1%), p=0.11. Figure 1. KM curves of TLF at 5year fu. The Genous ECS is not sufficiently strong to compete with DES in terms of restenosis prevention in patients/lesions with a high risk of restenosis. If the addition of a EPCs capturing layer on a DES, like the COMBO stent, provides a lower risk of restenosis compared to DES will be tested in the ongoing SORT-OUT X trial. OrbusNeich
A STUDY OF DRUG UTILIZATION IN UNSTABLE ANGINA/NSTEMI PATIENTS ADMITTED IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN.

Objective: The study aimed was to evaluate the recent trends of drug utilization in hospitalized patients with unstable angina/Non ST elevated myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. Method: A prospective observational study was carried out over a period of six months from July to December 2014 at multiple cardiology wards of tertiary care hospital located in Karachi, Pakistan. Research proposal was approved from ethical committee of Institution to accomplish the study. Drug utilization data of anticoagulants, anti-platelets, anti-hypertensive, angiotensin receptor blocker and concurrent use of medications such as anti-diabetic and lipid lowering agents was recorded from patient’s profile. Results were analyzed through descriptive statistics using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 177 consecutive prescriptions were evaluated and drug utilization of medicines recorded during hospitalization were anticoagulants 100% (enoxaparin 86%, fondaparinux 14%), anti-platelets 95.5% (aspirin 79.7%, clopidogrel 15.8%), antihypertensive agents 88.6% including beta blockers 61.5% (metaprolol 28.8%, atenolol 22%, propranolol 10.7%) and calcium-channel blockers 27% (verapamil 15.8%, diltiazem 11.3%), angiotensin receptor blockers 59.3% (valsartan 26.5%, irbesartan 18.6%, losartan 14.1%) followed by lipid lowering agents 62.7% (atorvastatin 58.2%) and anti-diabetics 26.6%. Enoxaparin was one of the anticoagulant used by 86% of all patients for this indication. Conclusion: The drug utilization study assessed the use of different concomitant medications but enoxaparin has
High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) und die klinische Relevanz der Resultate

Zusammenfassung Knochenstabilität ist durch Knochenvolumen und Mikroarchitektur des Knochens determiniert. Mittels HR-pQCT (high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography) steht eine nicht invasive Methode zur Verfügung, um die Mikroarchitektur des Knochens darzustellen. Die Resultate aus zahlreichen Studien geben Rückschlüsse auf unterschiedliche Strukturalterationen im Rahmen von Erkrankungen, die mit einem erhöhten Frakturrisiko einhergehen. Die Knochendichtemessung mittels DXA spiegelt das Frakturrisiko oft nicht adäquat wider. Umso entscheidender ist es, Risikofaktoren in der Wahl der Therapie zu berücksichtigen. Die klinische Relevanz der Resultate aus HR-pQCT-Messungen besteht derzeit dahingehend, dass wertvolle Informationen über Veränderungen der Mikroarchitektur auf Forschungsebene erhoben werden.
Antimicrobial resistance: a veterinary perspective

Bacterial disease is a major constraint on the efficient production of animal derived food and causes ill health and suffering in both food producing and companion animals. In some production systems the spread of bacterial disease may be accelerated by the proximity of the animals. Bacterial disease may be controlled in some situations by eradication, maintenance of animals of specified health status, vaccination, and good hygiene. Nevertheless, antimicrobial chemotherapy remains vitally important for treating and in some cases preventing bacterial disease. Many bacterial diseases of animals are potentially fatal; others cause pain and distress. Appropriate use of antimicrobials will cure some sick animals and speed the recovery of others, and may improve the welfare of treated animals and reduce the spread of infection to other animals or, in the case of zoonotic disease, to humans. The challenge is to use antimicrobials wisely, minimising the risk of resistance. The short generation time and ability to exchange genetic material has inevitably resulted in the development of resistance to antimicrobials by many animal bacteria.1 Nevertheless, some drugs have retained excellent activity against particular target organisms, such as penicillin against Streptococcus agalactia despite extensive use for 40 years.2 …
Einfluss der therapeutischen Beziehung auf Lebensqualität und Blutzuckerkontrolle bei Diabetes mellitus

nen Lebensqualität ist. Objective: The primary goals in treating Diabetes are maintaining blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible and making a relatively normal quality of life achievable. A multitude of somatic and psychological determinants for both of these goals could be identified. However, relatively little consideration in this context was given to the importance of the doctor-patient-relationship. This study examines, whether a direct relationship between treatment satisfaction and the primary treatment goals exists. Methods: 650 patients (475 insulin-treated, 171 not insulin-treated) from one university outpatient centre, 3 specialized treatment facilities and 28 general practitioners were asked. The doctor-patient-relationship was assessed using the Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale (MISS), health-related quality of life was measured by the WHOQOL-Bref and metabolic control by HbA 1c values. Results are presented separately for patients treated with and without insulin. Results: For none of the two subgroups a relationship between doctor-patient-relationship and metabolic control was detected. However, significant interactions were found for both collectives regarding different aspects of quality of life. Conclusions: Differences in metabolic control could not be shown using the chosen methods and the construct treatment satisfaction under routine conditions and further dimensions of the doctor-patient-relationship as the physician's perspective and interactive aspects are likely to be included in future studies. Even while the significant results concerning the interaction with quality of life can be interpreted as a common covariance regarding various personality dispositions there are clear indications that the doctor-patient-relationship is a determinant of health-related quality of life.
Endoscopic measurement of gastric pH is associated with persistent acid reflux in patients treated with proton pump inhibitors for gastroesophageal reflux disease

Background Although proton pump inhibitors are the mainstay of gastroesophageal reflux disease treatment, up to 30% of patients have a poor symptomatic response. Ambulatory pH impedance monitoring is the gold standard to assess whether this is due to persistent acid reflux. We aimed to characterize clinical predictors of persistent esophageal acid reflux on proton pump inhibitors including gastric pH measured during endoscopy. Methods We prospectively recruited patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and/or Barrett esophagus on proton pump inhibitors. All patients completed a symptom questionnaire and underwent gastroscopy with gastric pH analysis, immediately followed by ambulatory 24-hour pH impedance. We used a modified cutoff of 1.3% for pathological esophageal acid exposure time. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the correlation between acid exposure time and predictive variables. Results We recruited 122 patients, of whom 92 (75.4%) were included in the final analysis (44 male (47.8%), median age 53 years (interquartile range (IQR): 43–66)). Forty-four patients (47.8%) had persistent acid reflux with a median total acid exposure time of 2.2% (IQR: 1.2–5.0), compared with 0.1% (IQR: 0.0–0.2) in patients without persistent reflux (n = 48; p < .001). There was no difference in age, sex, body mass index, proton pump inhibitor regimen, diagnosis of hiatus hernia or Barrett esophagus, and severity of symptoms between patients with normal and abnormal acid exposure time. Median gastric pH was significantly lower in patients with persistent acid reflux (5.8 vs 6.6, p = .032) and it correlated with the total acid exposure time (p = .045; R2 = 12.0%). With a pH cutoff of 5.05, single-point endoscopic gastric pH analysis had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 63.0% (95% confidence interval: 51.3–74.7) for prediction of persistent acid reflux. Conclusions Symptoms and clinical characteristics are not useful to predict persistent acid reflux in patients on proton pump inhibitors. One-point gastric pH correlates with 24-hour esophageal acid exposure time and could guide clinicians to assess treatment response; however, its utility needs validation in larger studies.
Saccadic Eye Movements in Young-Onset Parkinson’s Disease - A BOLD fMRI Study

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to understand control of saccadic eye movements in patients with young onset Parkinson’s disease (YOPD) where onset of disease symptoms appears early in life (<40 years of age). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in patients with YOPD and control subjects while they performed saccadic tasks, which consisted of a reflexive task and another task that required inhibitory control of eye movements (Go-NoGo task). Functional imaging related to saccadic eye movements in this group of patients has not been widely reported. A 1.5T MR scanner was used for structural and functional imaging. Analysis of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI was performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software and compared in patients and controls. In patients with YOPD greater activation was seen significantly in the middle frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, cingulate gyrus, precuneus and cerebellum, when compared with the control group, during the saccadic tasks. Gap and overlap protocols revealed differential activation patterns. The abnormal activation during reflexive saccades was observed in the overlap condition, while during Go-NoGo saccades in the gap condition. The results suggest that impaired circuitry in patients with YOPD results in recruitment of more cortical areas. This increased frontal and parietal cortical activity possibly reflects compensatory mechanisms for impaired cognitive and saccadic circuitry.
Editorial on Carcinoma Prostate

When healthy and normal cells in the body change and grow out of control it forms a cancer. There are different kinds of cancers. Most common are the breast Cancer, thyroid cancer and prostate cancer. Breast cancer and prostate cancer spread to bones most commonly. A cancer can be a benign cancer or a malignant cancer. A malignant tumour has a metastatic spread that is it spread to other organs whereas a benign cancer can grow but cannot spread [1].
Are unresponsive dilated pupils an indicator for brain death? An evaluation of Edinger Westphal nucleus in rabbits with brain death

Aim: To investigate a relationship between unresponsive pupils and severity of neurodegeneration in Edinger Westphal nucleus (EWN) of animals diagnosed with brain death. Material and Methods: A total of 24 New Zealand white rabbits were used. The animals were divided into three groups, as control group (n=5), sham (n=5) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) group (n=14). Pupil diameters were measured after giving 2 mL of physiological saline for sham and 2 ml non‐heparinized autologous arterial blood for the study group into the cisterna magna. Brain death was diagnosed in 10 rabbits in the SAH group. Then all animals were sacrificed. The brains, oculomotor nerves of all animals were extracted and stored in 10% formalin solutions for histopathological examination. Results:TThe mean neuron numbers of Edinger Westphal nucleus was 253±43/mm3 in the control group; 244±12/mm3 in the sham group and 236±12/mm3 in dead unresponsive animals. Pupil diameters and degenerated neuron density of EWN in control, sham and SAH groups were found as follows, respectively: 8960±990μm‐3±1/mm3; 10543±1. 123μm‐13±4/mm3 and 13540±1. 356μm‐ 63±11/mm3 (P<0.005). There was a positive relationship between degenerated neuron density of the EWN and pupil diameters (P<0.001). The mean nondegenerated neuron numbers were 170±32/mm3 in unresponsive pupils of examined animals. Conclusion: In the absence of electrocardiographic/electroencephalographic functions, unresponsive pupils could not indicate real brain death.
Discrepancies between bioimpedance spectroscopy devices in haemodialysis patients

Discrepancies between bioimpedance spectroscopy devices in haemodialysis patients Sander Dejongh , Ricard Farré, Bert Bammens, Kathleen Claes, Dirk Kuypers, Pieter Evenepoel 1,3 and Björn Meijers Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Laboratory of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Division of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
The cadherins in the histopathology diagnosis and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common adult renal cancer. Five main histological types are described, that in general display characteristic light microscopic features that lead to a correct diagnosis. However, the morphologic overlap between tumors and the histologic heterogeneity within a single tumor continue to create problems in the classification. Some immunohistochemical markers are used in the differential diagnosis of these carcinomas, but they have limitations. In the present work, a review of several studies was made, in which alterations in expression of some cadherins in renal tissue and cell lines with renal cell carcinoma were identified. These alterations were associated with different stages of tumor development and progression, and used to predict the neoplastic behaviour. To increase our knowledge in this field, will contribute to find more specific markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of these tumors.
Physiological and Psychological Determinants of Quality of Life for Patients after Cardiac Surgery and the Associated Factors

Purpose: This review related to the level of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD) for patients after cardiac surgery, and associated risk factors. Also the HRQOL, PTSD measures and the related factor. Methods: The search strategy was guided by the review aims. The following databases were searched to retrieve related literature: the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) via EBSCO, MEDLINE via PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, Google Scholar, in addition to the Jordanian Database for Nursing Research. Studies presented in English for the period between 2012 and 2019 were included. Literature was reviewed by using the following strategy: The key word “post-operative HRQOL”, “post-operative PTSD”, “prevalence”, “incidence”, “risk factors”, and “cardiac surgery”, with using of Boolean operators “AND”, “OR”, and “NOT” to conduct the search in databases, Then the titles and abstracts were reviewed for their relevancy and irrelevant and duplicated studies were discarded. EBSCO resulted in 180 articles, Ovid 5 articles, and SCIENCE DIRECT 200 articles, articles with the same ideas were sorted, and full text was included in the review. The overall number after sorting was 25 articles that were included in the review. Results: Literature has aggregated the most common risk factors as age, gender, marital status, social support, medical comorbidities, smoking, alcohol use, ICU environment, surgery techniques and physiological indicators, and the most important is preoperative HRQOL level. Also, the researcher highlighted several important points related to PTSD after cardiac surgery. Firstly, PTSD appears to be present in approximately 10% of the post-cardiac surgical population, with some estimates reaching as high as 38%. ICU care, fright at the time of the event, perceived threat to life, high levels of sedation and social isolation may all contribute to this developing PTSD. Patients with PTSD are susceptible to poor outcomes following surgery including greater physical complication, psychological problems, increased morbidity and mortality, affecting the quality of life and well-being. For the purpose of this study, specified risk factors related to PTSD development after cardiac surgery will be studied concerning demographics, social, medical, psychological, and environmental. Conclusion and Recommendation: HRQOL and PTSD is an important indicator to measure the outcome of cardiac surgery on a short and long term. Researchers should be aware of the effect of various related factors that could affect the improvement of this outcome.
RADIOTHERAPY AND IMMMUN RESPONCE IS THE RADIOTHERAPY VACCINE? GOOD NEWS?

OZET: Radyoterapi (RT) immun yaniti aktive etmektedir. Bundan dolayi “radyoterapi asimidir” sorusunu tartismak gerekmektedir. RT, immun yaniti artiriyorsa, hucrelerdeki RT etkileri, hucre yuzeyi antijeni, immun kontrol noktalari ve bunlarin inhibisyonu hakkinda daha fazla bilgi edinmeliyiz (ICI; CTLA4, PD1, PDL1 inhibisyonu). Bu derlemede, radyoterapinin ve biyolojik etkilerinin immun cevabi aktive etmede ki rolu, radyoterapi dozu, radyoterapi zamanlamasi ve immun kontrol noktalari baskilayicilarinin yan etkileri tartisilacaktir.