Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXPECTATION OF DESTRUCTIVE FAR-FIELD TSUNAMIS FROM THE ALEUTIAN-ALASKA SUBDUCTION ARC

This paper describes the 1985 transoceanic tsunami in the NW Pacific. In particular, it describes the 1985 Chilean tsunami which was generated by an earthquake about 18 nautical miles off Valparaiso, Chile. A strong shock occurred at 22h 6m GMT on March 3, 1985. The estimated earthquake magnitude was M= 7.7 Richter scale. The generated tsunami hit the Chilean coast facing the Pacific while flooding also affected northwestern Pacific coasts. Tsunami propagation on the Chilean coast was associated with a tsunami height of 3m at Talcahuano located 440km south of the epicenter. At Va@raiso, the nearest tide station recorded the maximum tsunami height as 1. 15m. North of the Chilean coast, the tsunami propagated at an average speed of 13 km/min between Coquimbo and Iquique (about 1430 km distance along the coast). This case illustrates tsunami propagation as a Kelvin wave (Nikamura, 1989).
Modelling coupled within host and population dynamics of R5 and X4 HIV infection

Most existing models have considered the immunological processes occurring within the host and the epidemiological processes occurring at population level as decoupled systems. We present a new model using continuous systems of non linear ordinary differential equations by directly linking the within host dynamics capturing the interactions between Langerhans cells, CD4+ T-Cells, R5 HIV and X4 HIV and the without host dynamics of a basic compartmental HIV/AIDS model. The model captures the biological theories of the cells that take part in HIV transmission. The study incorporates in its analysis the differences in time scales of the fast within host dynamics and the slow without host dynamics. In the mathematical analysis, important thresholds, the reproduction numbers, were computed which are useful in predicting the progression of the infection both within the host and without the host. The study results showed that the model exhibits four within host equilibrium points inclusive of three endemic equilibria whose effects translate into different scenarios at the population level. All the endemic equilibria were shown to be globally stable using Lyapunov functions and this is an important result in linking the within dynamics to the population dynamics, because the disease free equilibrium point ceases to exist. The linked models had no effect on the basic reproduction numbers of the within host dynamics but on the basic reproduction number of the population dynamics. The effects of linking were observed on the endemic equilibrium points of both the within host and population dynamics. Therefore, linking the two dynamics leads to the increase in the viral load within the host and increase in the epidemic levels in the population dynamics.
Profiling the surface proteome identifies actionable biology for TSC1 mutant cells beyond mTORC1 signaling

Loss of the TSC1/TSC2 complex leads to constitutively high mTORC1 signaling; however, pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 in this setting produces a broad spectrum of clinical responses. We report herein several cell surface proteins upregulated by inactivation of TSC1 that present therapeutic alternatives or adjuvants to direct mTORC1 inhibition. A proteomics screen revealed that TSC1 loss most dramatically induced the expression of neprilysin (NEP/CD10) and aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13). The survival of TSC1 null human cancer cells was dependent on NEP expression, and TSC1 mutation sensitized cells to biochemical inhibition of APN. Remarkably, NEP and APN upregulation occurred via a TSC2- and mTORC1-independent mechanism; therefore, the antiproliferative effects of mTORC1 inhibition could be augmented by co-suppression of APN activity. Statement of significance These data introduce a non-canonical biological role for TSC1 beyond regulating mTORC1 signaling, which also enabled several immediately translatable therapeutic strategies for clinically problematic cells with TSC1 mutations.
Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Edible Organs of Different Meat Products Available in the Markets of Lahore, Pakistan

The present study assessed the accumulation of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu) in different organs including brain, heart, lungs, liver, stomach, kidney and flesh (muscles) of several animals commercially available in the market of Lahore, Pakistan. The concentrations found in different organs of chicken, goat and cow ranged between 0.132-2.165 mg/g for Cd, 0.768-2.335 mg/g for Cr, 0.260-1.411 mg/g for Pb and 0.092-1.195 mg/g for Cu. In the absence of national safety standards in respect to the content of heavy metals in foodstuffs, the results obtained were compared with international guidelines and found concentrations considerably higher than the prescribed safe limits. Therefore, immediate attention must be paid to prevent public health risks associated with the presence of toxic heavy metals in the commercially available meat products.
Note-by-Note Cooking: The Future of Food

A Note on the TranslationTables, Figures, and Color PlatesIntroduction: Why the Need for Note-by-Note Cooking Should Be Obvious1. Shape Polyhedrons Nonpolyhedral Solids The Fable of the Man with the Golden Brain2. Consistency A Woeful Misunderstanding The Relation Between Consistency and Flavor Not Everything Has to Be Soft Thinking in Physical Terms Additives Contrasting Consistencies3. Taste Misdirection and Misperception The Impossible Description of Unknown Tastes Sapid Compounds Mineral Salts Organic and Mineral Acids Amino Acids and Their Derivatives Sugars Alcohols and Polyols Intense Sweeteners Flavoring Agents Bitterants Matrix Effects A New Basic Taste4. Odor Manipulating Odorant Compounds Methods of Extraction and Processing Natural, Same as Natural, Artificial Volatility, Threshold Perception, Toxic Risk A Lexicon of Basic Culinary Odors Odorant Compounds On the Properties of Odorigenic Extracts and Compositions Trigeminal Sensations5. Color The Eye Precedes the Palate Legally Approved Coloring Agents Natural Versus Artificial Redux6. Artistic Choice and Culinary Nomenclature Substance and Form The Construction of Flavors Naming Dishes The First Generation of Note-by-Note Menus7. Nutrition, Toxicology, Market Dynamics, Public Interest The Mixed Blessings of Abundance A World of Plenty, Filled with Danger Selection and Supply of Compounds Political ConsiderationsAppendix: A Few RecipesIndex
Variabilidade Genética em Populações Naturais de Cassia grandis L. f.

RESUMO O delineamento de estratégias para a conservação genética de uma espécie requer o conhecimento de aspectos ecológicos e genéticos de suas populações. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar, por meio de marcadores isoenzimáticos, populações naturais de Cassia grandis L.f. A diversidade genética foi analisada a partir das frequências alélicas ( P ^ i j ) e dos Índices de diversidade: Heterozigose média observada ( H ^ 0 ) e esperada ( H ^ e ), número médio de alelos por loco ( A ^ ) e porcentagem de locos polimórficos ( P ^); e a estrutura genética por meio das estatísticas F de Wright. Foram estimados o fluxo gênico, o tamanho efetivo das populações e a população mínima viável a curto e longo prazo. Com base nos resultados observados pode-se concluir que as populações estudadas de C. grandis estão estruturadas, o que pode ser comprovado pela observação de alelos raros e exclusivos e da alta diversidade genética entre as mesmas.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence in Latin American and the Caribbean: Protocol for a systematic review

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common worldwide cause of chronic liver disease and it carries a significant economic burden for the healthcare system. The worldwide prevalence of NAFLD appears to be 25%, with the highest rates in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and the middle west. Prevalence of NAFLD in LAC has not been well represented in multiple global meta-analyses because they did not include regional search engines or excluded papers in Spanish. Furthermore, older estimates may not represent the current epidemiological situation given the recent rise of several risk factors like obesity, unhealthy diet and lifestyles in LAC. Objective To estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in the general adult population of LAC. Methods Systematic review. We will conduct a search in OVID (MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health), Cochrane Library, and LILACS. Search terms include those related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, along with countries in LAC. We seek observational studies with a random sample of the general population, closed populations, and patients; results will be presented for each of these groups. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two reviewers independently. After the screening phase, we will download the full-text of the selected publications and two reviewers will comprehensively read these papers. If there is any discrepancy in any of these two selection phases, it will be solved by consensus by the two reviewers or by a third party. An extraction data form in a spreadsheet will be developed and tested with a random sample of five selected studies. The data extracted will include study details, sample size, method of NAFLD diagnosis and prevalence of NAFLD. Data extraction will be conducted by two reviewers independently. We will use the risk of bias tool proposed by Hoy and colleagues. We will report the main features of the selected reports in tables, this will include the prevalence estimates. We will pool the prevalence estimates. We will only conduct the meta-analysis if there are three or more individual estimates and there is not large heterogeneity amongst them. We will conduct all statistical analyses using Stata 16.0 Conclusions This systematic review will provide updated evidence about the prevalence of NAFLD in LAC. Thereby, we will increase NAFLD awareness as a public health problem in LAC, and our results can inform strategies and interventions to reduce NAFLD burden in LAC. We will also pinpoint research needs and discuss future steps so that more robust evidence about NAFLD becomes available in LAC.
Selected systems from Al-Si-Ti to Ni-Si-Ti

Introduction. Ternary Systems: Al-Si-Ti, Al-Sn-Ti, Al-Ti-V, Al-Ti-Zr, B-C-Ti, B-Li-N, B-Mg-N, B-N-Ti, C-N-Ti, C-Si-Ti, Ce-Mg-Y, Ce-Mg-Zn, Co-Ni-Ti, Co-Si-Ti, Cr-Nb-Ti, Cr-Ni-Ti, Cu-Mg-Ni, Cu-Mg-Si, Cu-Mg-Sn, Cu-Mg-Ti, Cu-Mg-Zn, Cu-Ni-Ti, Cu-Si-Ti, Fe-Ni-Ti, H-Mg-Ni, Li-Mg-Si, Li-Mg-Zn, Mg-Nd-Y, Mg-Nd-Zr, Mg-Sn-Zn, Mg-Y-Zn, Mg-Zn-Zr, Mo-Si-Ti, N-Ni-Ti, N-Ti-V, Ni-Pd-Ti, Ni-Si-Ti.
Morphologic characteristics of N-Nitroso-N-methylurea-induced retinal degeneration in mice

Objective To explore the characteristics of N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) induced retinal degeneration in mice. Methods Experimental study. Thirty-two C57/BL mice (5 weeks) in total were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a MNU group. Sixty mg·kg-1 of MNU was intraperitonealy injected in mice, leading to damage of retinal photoreceptors, while the control group was given physiological saline. The eyes of each group were enucleated at 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after injection. The slides were stained by immunofluorescence labeling to observe the morphological changes to the photoreceptors in MNU-induced retinal damage. Retinal flat-mount immunofluorescence was performed to observe the change in ganglion cells. The ultrastructures of the nucleus, mitochondria and synaptic ribbon were observed under transmission electron microscope. Ganzfeld electroretinogram ERG was used to test the electrophysiological changes. The data were analyzed using independent t test. Results After MNU administration, immunofluorescence labeling showed a gradual decrease in the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) , the loss of photoreceptors labeled with anti-OPN1SW, reactive gliosis with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and oxidative damage in photoreceptors labeled with anti-nitrosylation. Brn-3a labeled ganglion cells did not appear to be lost two weeks after MNU administration. Electron microscopy showed concentrated coloring of the nucleus in the photoreceptor nucleus and the disappearance of mitochondria and metabolic synaptic ribbons after MNU administration. ERGs revealed that mice with MNU treatment showed a-waves and b-waves with reduced amplitudes. Conclusion MNU induced retinal apoptosis of ONL and outer piexiform layer. MNU administrated mice show similar electrophysiological results to retintis pigmentosa. Key words: Retinal degeneration; N-Nitroso-N-methylurea; Microscopy, electron; Electroretinogram; Mice
Complex Interactions of Obesity, Dairy Food Intake and Genetics of Lactase

Obesity is a growing global problem associated with multiple diseases, often attributed to a western lifestyle and industrialization. Obesity is associated with low grade inflammation and alterations in the colonic microflora both of which may be instrumental in promoting pathogenesis of diseases. Milk and dairy foods have been suggested to improve weight control which in turn may help reduce risks of complications. In this narrative review the theoretical benefits of dairy foods on obesity are discussed. A search of PubMed, Google Scholar and individual papers spanning the last 21 years are used to retrieve articles dealing with the effects of dairy foods on obesity. Eleven systematic reviews with or without metaanalysis suggest that dairy foods only benefit weight control with short term energy restriction. An important confounder is the role of the genetics of lactase. Ten studies examining the dominant impact of the European gene for lactase persistence suggests that obesity may be related directly or indirectly by allowing more dairy foods intake in conjunction with lactase persistence. However the advancement of obesity into lactase non persistent populations suggests that dairy foods may not be uniquely or universaly important to develop obesity. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the complex interactions between weight control, diet and genetics that impact on dairy food consumption and obesity.
Handbook of Optical Sensing of Glucose in Biological Fluids and Tissues

Preface Glucose: Physiological Norm and Pathology Lidia I. Malinova and Tatyana P. Denisova Commercial Biosensors for Diabetes Vasiliki Fragkou and Anthony P.F. Turner Monte Carlo Simulation of Light Propagation in Human Tissues and Noninvasive Glucose Sensing Andrey V. Bykov, Mikhail Yu. Kirillin, and Alexander V. Priezzhev Statistical Analysis for Glucose Prediction in Blood Samples by Infrared Spectroscopy Gilwon Yoon Near-Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy for Noninvasive Monitoring of Glucose-Established and Novel Strategies for Multivariate Calibration H. Michael Heise, Peter Lampen, and Ralf Marbach Characterizing the Influence of Acute Hyperglycaemia on Cerebral Hemodynamics by Optical Imaging Qingming Luo, Zhen Wang, Weihua Luo, and Pengcheng Li Near-Infrared Thermo-Optical Response of the Localized Reflectance of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Human Skin Omar S. Khalil In Vivo Nondestructive Measurement of Blood Glucose by Near-Infrared Diffuse-Reflectance Spectroscopy Yukihiro Ozaki, Hideyuki Shinzawa, Katsuhiko Maruo, Yi Ping Du, and Sumaporn Kasemsumran Glucose Correlation with Light Scattering Patterns Ilya Fine Challenges and Countermeasures in NIR Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Kexin Xu and Ruikang K. Wang Fluorescence-Based Glucose Biosensors Gerard L. Cote, M. McShane, and M.V. Pishko Quantitative Biological Raman Spectroscopy Wei-Chuan Shih, Kate L. Bechtel, and Michael S. Feld Tear Fluid Photonic Crystal Contact Lens Noninvasive Glucose Sensors Sanford A. Asher and Justin T. Baca Pulsed Photoacoustic Techniques and Glucose Determination in Human Blood and Tissue Risto Myllyla, Zuomin Zhao, and Matti Kinnunen A Noninvasive Glucose Sensor Based on Polarimetric Measurements through the Aqueous Humor of the Eye Gerard L. Cote and Brent D. Cameron Noninvasive Measurements of Glucose in the Human Body Using Polarimetry and Brewster Reflection off of the Eye Lens Luigi Rovati and Rafat R. Ansari Toward Noninvasive Glucose Sensing Using Polarization Analysis of Multiply Scattered Light Michael F.G. Wood, Nirmalya Ghosh, Xinxin Guo, and I. Alex Vitkin Noninvasive Monitoring of Glucose Concentration with Optical Coherence Tomography Rinat O. Esenaliev and Donald S. Prough Measurement of Glucose Diffusion Coefficients in Human Tissues Alexey N. Bashkatov, Elina A. Genina, and Valery V. Tuchin Monitoring of Glucose Diffusion in Epithelial Tissues with Optical Coherence Tomography Kirill V. Larin and Valery V. Tuchin Glucose-Induced Optical Clearing Effects in Tissues and Blood Elina A. Genina, Alexey N. Bashkatov, and Valery V. Tuchin Index
GWAS using 2b-RAD sequencing identified three mastitis important SNPs via two-stage association analysis in Chinese Holstein cows

Background Bovine mastitis is a key disease restricting developing global dairy industry. Genomic wide association studies (GWAS) provided a convenient way to understand the biological basis of mastitis and better prevent or treat the disease. 2b-RADseq is a reduced-representation sequencing that offered a powerful method for genome-wide genetic marker development and genotyping. This study, GWAS using two-stage association analysis identified mastitis important genes’ single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in Chinese Holstein cows. Results In the selected Chinese Holstein cows’ population, we identified 10,058 SNPs and predicted their allele frequencies. In stage I, 42 significant SNPs screened out in Chinese Holstein cows via Bayesian (P<0.001), while logistic regression model identified 51 SNPs (P<0.01). Twenty-seven significant SNPs appeared simultaneously in both analytical models, which of them only three significant SNPs (rs75762330, C>T, PIC=0.2999; rs88640083, A>G, PIC=0.1676; rs20438858, G>A, PIC=0.3366) located in non-coding region (introns and intergenic) screened out associated with inflammation or immune response. GO enrichment analysis showed that they annotated to three genes (PTK2B, SYK and TNFRSF21), respectively. Stage II? case-control study used to verify three important SNPs associated with dairy cows mastitis traits in independent population. Data suggested that the correlation between these three SNPs (rs75762330, P<0.025; rs88640083, P<0.005; rs20438858, P<0.001) and mastitis traits in dairy cows were consistent with stage I. Conclusion Two-stage association analysis approved that three significant SNPs associated with mastitis traits in Chinese Holstein cows. Gene function analysis indicated that three genes (PTK2B, SYK and TNFRSF21) involved in inflammation and immune response of dairy cows. Suggesting that they as new candidate genes have an impact on mastitis susceptibility (PTK2B and SYK, OR>1) or resistance (TNFRSF21, OR<1) in Chinese Holstein cows.
Strong Nuclear Gravity a Very Brief Report

Key conceptual link that connects the gravitational force and non-gravitational forces is - the classical force limit $\left(\frac{c^{4} }{G} \right)$. For mole number of particles, if strength of gravity is $\left(N.G\right),$ any one particle's weak force magnitude is $F_{W} \cong \frac{1}{N} \cdot \left(\frac{c^{4} }{N.G} \right)\cong \frac{c^{4} }{N^{2} G} $. Ratio of `classical force limit' and `weak force magnitude' is $N^{2} $. This can be considered as the beginning of `strong nuclear gravity'. Assumed relation for strong force and weak force magnitudes is $\sqrt{\frac{F_{S} }{F_{W} } } \cong 2\pi \ln \left(N^{2} \right)$. If $m_{p} $ is the rest mass of proton it is noticed that $\ln \sqrt{\frac{e^{2} }{4\pi \varepsilon _{0} Gm_{P}^{2} } } \cong \sqrt{\frac{m_{p} }{m_{e} } -\ln \left(N^{2} \right)}. $ From SUSY point of view, `integral charge quark fermion' and `integral charge quark boson' mass ratio is $\Psi=2.262218404$ but not unity. With these advanced concepts starting from nuclear stability to charged leptons, quarks, electroweak bosons and charged Higgs boson's origin can be understood. Finally an ``alternative" to the `standard model' can be developed.
The effects of meal frequency on plasma lipids in moderately obese humans

approved: Dr. Elisabeth Y%Ja rick The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of meal frequency on plasma lipids in moderately obese individuals consuming a weight maintenance diet. Four female and three male university students, who averaged 32 percent overweight, participated in the study. An initial five-day adjustment period established the energy requirements of the subjects. The first experimental period of 2 1 days provided the daily caloric intake in two meals; 20 percent in a morning meal and 80 percent in an evening meal. In the second experimental period, which was also 21 days long, the subjects consumed eight approximately isocaloric meals per day. The amounts and types of nutrients provided in each experimental period were similar. Fasting plasma samples were obtained at intervals throughout the study and analyzed for cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), and triglyceride concentrations. The mean cholesterol and NEFA values were significantly greater in the two-meal than in the eightmeal period. There was no significant difference in triglyceride concentrations due to meal frequency. Plasma samples taken during glucose tolerance tests given at the end of all three dietary periods were analyzed to determine the response of glucose, NEFA, and triglyce rides to an oral glucose load. The rise in glucose concentration following glucose ingestion was greater after the two-meal period than it was following either the adjustment or the eight-meal period, but the results were not significant. There was no appreciable difference in the NEFA or triglyceride response, as determined by changes frona fasting levels, at the end of the two experimental periods. The results indicate that a decrease in meal frequency is associated with higher fasting concentrations of cholesterol and nonesterified fatty acids, and a tendency towards decreased glucose tolerance. Since obese individuals are prone to have elevated plasma lipids and decreased glucose tolerance, the cause and/or the control of such abnormalities may be associated with meal frequency. The Effects of Meal Frequency on Plasma Lipids in Moderately Obese Humans by Lee Blecher
A probabilistic rating prediction and explanation inference model for recommender systems

Collaborative Filtering (CF) is a leading approach to build recommender systems which has gained considerable development and popularity. A predominant approach to CF is rating prediction recommender algorithm, aiming to predict a user's rating for those items which were not rated yet by the user. However, with the increasing number of items and users, the data is sparse. It is difficult to detectlatent closely relation among the items or users for predicting the user behaviors. In this paper, we enhance the rating prediction approach leading to substantial improvement of prediction accuracy by categorizing according to the genres of movies. Then the probabilities that users are interested in the genres are computed to integrate the prediction of each genre cluster. A novel probabilistic approach based on the sentiment analysis of the user reviews is also proposed to give intuitional explanations of why an item is recommended. To test the novel recommendation approach, a new corpus of user reviews on movies obtained from the Internet Movies Database(IMDB) has been generated. Experimental results show that the proposed framework is effective and achieves a better prediction performance.