Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Trace Elements Concentration in wet and dry Atmospheric Deposition and Surface soil in the Largest Industrial city, Southwest of Iran

Dry and wet atmospheric depositions as well as urban surface soil samples were collected in eight different land use zones (during 2010) of the most important and largest industrial city, southwest Iran for determining Cadmium, Chromium, Lead and Zinc. The average of Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn concentrations in the study area for wet precipitation were 17.8 µg/L, 49.97 µg/L, 2.31 µg/L, and 0.53 µg/L, respectively. Also, the mean levels of mentioned elements were 0.144 mg/m 2 . day, 0.457 mg/m 2 . day, 0.091 mg/m 2 . day, and 0.0017 mg/ m 2 . day, respectively in dry deposition samples. Moreover, the average amounts of Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cd were recorded for soil samples as a value of 64.2 mg/kg, 197.3 mg/kg, 61.24 mg/kg and 0.73 mg/kg. As a result, the trend of metal concentrations in all media were similar and decreased as Zn> Pb> Cr> Cd. The high contamination levels of heavy metals indicate that they have been significantly impacted from anthropogenic activities (non- ferrous metal smelting, fossil fuel combustion, pit burning, gas flaring and traffic sources). According to analysis results, the significantly positively correlations between Cd-Pb, Pb-Zn and Zn-Cd were shown in all three environments.
Study on the fate of pharmaceuticals in aqueous media : synthesis, characterization and detection of biotic and abiotic transformation products using electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and bioconversions

The present project contributes with valuable data for a better fundamental understanding on the fate of pharmaceutical residues in the environment, dealing with the main challenges concerning this increasingly worrying environmental issue. The used Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs), electro-Fenton (EF) and anodic oxidation (AO), showed to be a very efficient alternative for the mineralization of acid solutions of the pharmaceuticals RNTD and FRSM, attaining almost complete mineralization of the drugs after 6h of electrolysis. A comparative study on the mineralization of RNTD solutions by EF and SPEF processes in a 2.5 L capacity pre-pilot flow plant demonstrates the higher oxidation capacity of SPEF, achieving very good mineralization rates, thus evidencing the potentiality of this technology at greater scale for the treatment of wastewaters containing pharmaceutical products. The application of an EF pre-treatment coupled with a biological process for the degradation of both drugs was conducted. EF pre-pretreatment was capable of enhancing the solution biodegradability envisaging a biological treatment, which efficiently removed the short-chain carboxylic acids that had been formerly generated during the pre-applied electrolysis. In this way, the combination of both processes was confirmed as a very promising technology for the treatment of pharmaceuticals-containing wastewater. Several transformation products (TPs) were detected and identified during the electrochemical oxidation of the studied drugs. Toxicity tests based on the bioluminescence of the marine bacteria V. fischeri. evidenced the toxicity some of these oxidation by-products, since the toxicity of the solution increased on the first stages of the electrolysis. However, the abatement of the toxicity in the final stages of the electrochemical treatments, demonstrated the effectiveness of these technologies for both the mineralization and detoxification of the RNTD and FRSM solutions. The use of the fungi Cunninghanella echinulate for the bioconversion of FRSM led to the formation of three main bio-transofrmation products: the previously identified saluamide and pyridinium, and the new detected keto-alcohol derivate. These TPs were generated by both, biological and electrochemical approches, evidencing their high probability to be found in environmental compartments as the most likely TPs of FRSM by different oxidation conditions. This study is thus presented as a very useful alternative for the assessment of the fate of pharmaceutical residues in the environment
Avaliação do risco de morte através da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca

Este trabalho avaliou parâmetros de variabilidade de frequencia cardiaca (VFC) de longa e curta duracao em pacientes com diagnostico suspeito de insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) com pelo menos uma internacao hospitalar e que realizam monitoramento de ECG por 24 horas (Holter). Apos avaliacao clinica, laboratorial e ecocardiografica os pacientes foram divididos em subgrupos: sem insuficiencia cardiaca, insuficiencia cardiaca com fracao de ejecao normal, intermediaria e reduzida. Os parâmetros de curta duracao foram obtidos a partir da analise do menor SDNN, RMSSD e pNN50 obtidos em um periodo de 10 minutos em todo sinal. Os parâmetros de longa duracao foram obtidos apos analise do sinal de 24 horas e periodos de 6 horas durante o dia e a noite para avaliacao do comportamento circadiano da VFC. Os principais resultados mostraram que o menor rMSSD de 10 minutos foi preditor independente de morte geral em toda populacao, especialmente nos pacientes mais idosos e com fracao de ejecao reduzida. Esses dados permitiram a construcao de um modelo preditivo de morte com boa acuracia. Dessa forma, momentos de curta duracao de tonus parassimpatico reduzido aumentaram o risco de morte na populacao estudada. Na avaliacao do perfil circadiano, observou-se queda da FC media no periodo noturno em relacao ao diurno em pacientes sem IC, fato nao observado em pacientes portadores de IC. Os demais parâmetros nao apresentaram variacoes circadianas. Na analise dos parâmetros da VFC dentro conforme a classificacao de IC, nao observamos mudancas significativas nos parâmetros de longa duracao, mas o parâmetro menor SDNN de 10 min reduziu conforme a fracao de ejecao.
Recent Advances in Asymmetric Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions

Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) can be considered one of the breakthrough reaction classes of the last century. Moreover, asymmetric IMCRs have recently developed into powerful reactions for the versatile synthesis of highly complex molecules. The progress made in the development of stereoselective Passerini and Ugi reactions has led to the advancement of catalytic asymmetric IMCRs. This review gives an overview of recent advances in the field of asymmetric IMCRs with a focus on stereoselective α-additions of isocyanides. In addition, the use of convertible isocyanides in stereoselective cascade IMCRs is covered and future opportunities and potential applications of (asymmetric) IMCRs are briefly discussed.
Mechanism of pulsed surface flashover involving electron‐stimulated desorption

A simple model is proposed to explain how a breakdown avalanche of secondary emission electrons can lead to surface flashover when an insulator in vacuum breaks down a few nanoseconds after high voltage is applied. The case of a plane insulator–vacuum interface perpendicular to parallel electrodes is considered. Positive surface charging is assumed to occur almost immediately upon application of the voltage, and the attendent secondary emission avalanche is assumed to be maintained at saturation throughout the prebreakdown time delay by field emission from the cathode electrode. Bombardment of the insulator by avalanche electrons desorbs a cloud of gas, which is partially ionized as it drifts through the swarm of electrons in the avalanche. The electric field at the cathode end of the insulator becomes enhanced as positive ions accumulate, which in turn increases the field emission and the rates of gas desorption and ionization. This and other regenerative processes rapidly lead to breakdown. Field enhanc.
Accelerating Continuous Normalizing Flow with Trajectory Polynomial Regularization

In this paper, we propose an approach to effectively accelerating the computation of continuous normalizing flow (CNF), which has been proven to be a powerful tool for the tasks such as variational inference and density estimation. The training time cost of CNF can be extremely high because the required number of function evaluations (NFE) for solving corresponding ordinary differential equations (ODE) is very large. We think that the high NFE results from large truncation errors of solving ODEs. To address the problem, we propose to add a regularization. The regularization penalizes the difference between the trajectory of the ODE and its fitted polynomial regression. The trajectory of ODE will approximate a polynomial function, and thus the truncation error will be smaller. Furthermore, we provide two proofs and claim that the additional regularization does not harm training quality. Experimental results show that our proposed method can result in 42.3% to 71.3% reduction of NFE on the task of density estimation, and 19.3% to 32.1% reduction of NFE on variational auto-encoder, while the testing losses are not affected.
A Review of The Distribution, Status and Conservation of Rock-wallabies in Western Australia.

Western Australia has five species of rock-wallabies. Petrogale brachyotis, Petrogale burbidgei and Petrogale concinna occur in wet-dry tropical habitats in the Kimberley region. Petrogale rothschildi is a Pilbara region endemic, while Petrogale lateralis has the largest distribution, extending from the south-west Kimberley to islands off the southern coastline. There have been few collections of the three species restricted to the Kimberley. Their small size, secretive disposition and variable pelage have hampered field identification, and thus, understanding of their distribution and status. The populations of all three are currently believed to be stable and their status is considered secure. Petrogale rothschildi is known from the Hamersley and Chichester Ranges, the east Pilbara, the Burrup Peninsula and four islands in the Dampier Archipelago. It is abundant on three of these islands but has declined on Dolphin island. The status of the mainland populations is uncertain. Petrogale lateralis is a diverse species, with two subspecies and two chromosomal races occurring in WA. Petrogale lateralis hacketti is restricted to three islands in the Archipelago of the Recherche. Petrogale lateralis lateralis has declined throughout its mainland range, with extant populations known from six localities in the Wheatbelt; Cape Range; the Calvert Range; and Barrow and Salisbury Islands. It may still be extant in Kalbarri National Park. Petrogale lateralis West Kimberley race has a restricted distribution but appears secure, while P. lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race has declined markedly in recent years. Fox predation has been implicated in the decline of some populations of P. lateralis and P. rothschildi. The impact of factors such as competition from introduced grazers (stock, rabbits, goats), fire and habitat clearing have not been examined. Increased control of exotic predators, taxonomic research to clarify the identity of unsampled populations and field surveys are needed to improve the conservation outlook for WA rock-wallabies.
Array-enhanced Logical Stochastic Resonance in Coupled Bistable Systems

We investigate the impact of coupling on the reliability of the logic system as well as the logical stochastic resonance (LSR) phenomenon in the coupled logic gates system. It is found that compared with single logic gate, the coupled system could yield reliable logic outputs in a much wider noise region, which means coupling can obviously improve the reliability of the logic system and thus enhance the LSR effect. Moreover, we find that the enhancement is larger for larger system size, whereas for large enough size the enhancement seems to be saturated. Finally, we also examine the effect of coupling strength, it can be observed that the noise region where reliable logic outputs can be obtained evolves non-monotonically as the coupling strength increases, displaying a resonance-like effect.
Mechanisms Controlling the Mobility of Lead in the Spodosols of a Northern Hardwood Forest Ecosystem

High concentrations of Pb are found in surface soils of even remote ecosystems as a result of atmospheric deposition. This study conducted at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest provides key information on Pb speciation in soil solutions measured by ultrafiltration and ion-exchange techniques. About 50% of total filtrate Pb (passing a 0.45-μm filter) was found to be in the colloidal form (>3000 MW) beneath Oa horizons. Colloidal Pb concentrations in the Bs horizon were less than 10% of Oa concentrations. Of total truly dissolved Pb (passing a 3000 MW ultrafiltration membrane), less than 10% was organically complexed. Although a positive correlation existed between filtrate Pb and filtrate organic carbon (DOC), this was caused partially by Pb association with organic colloids and partially by a noncausal covariation of DOC and dissolved Pb as they were both retained during transport down the soil profile. A computed distribution of inorganic Pb species showed that under acidic conditions, which prevailed.
Modeling of Pipeline Leakage Detection and Prewarning System for Locating Error Analysis Based on Jones Matrix

The detecting and locating principle of the distributed optical fiber pipeline leakage detecting and prewarning system is proposed in this paper. In allusion to gross error which often occurred in the locating process, the optical polarization model of oil and gas pipeline fiber warning system is established in this paper, which is based on the equivalent Jones matrix of the single-mode optical fiber birefringence. By emulating the model, the reason of the gross error is the discrepancy of two signals, which means that the signals acquired by the photodetectors from the same vibroseis are not correlative. According to the theoretical model, the solution of using external polarization controller to change the polarization direction is put forward. It is proved by the experiment that the solution can solve the problem preferably and improve locating accuracy. Furthermore, theoretical guidance of the system improvement and the adjustment in optical structure can be provided based on the theoretical model.
Wettability of polymer surfaces : effects of chemistry and topography.

WETTABILITY OF POLYMER SURFACES: EFFECTS OF CHEMISTRY AND TOPOGRAPHY SEPTEMBER 2001 JEFFREY P. YOUNGBLOOD, B.S., LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Thomas J. McCarthy Various methods for modification of polymer surfaces were studied with the objective of controUing changes in wetting behavior. Random copolymers and block copolymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization, respectively, of methacryloxymethylor methacryloxypropyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane and methyl methacrylate. These polymers spontaneously rearrange to concentrate the low energy, non-wettable siloxane at the surface. The nanoporous nature of the surfaces of these polymers was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and dynamic contact angle analysis. Another method for wettability modification that was studied was the selective modification of polymer surfaces using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES); this provided surfaces with silica-like reactivity. This surface chemistry had been reported for poly(ethylene terephthalate); this thesis work expands the reaction to many other polymers (ostensibly all that are H-bond acceptors). Variations in temperature, concentration, and solvent were studied as well as reagent mixtures with tetraethoxysilane. Our experiments led us to propose a new pathway for the reaction. Subsequently, polymers were hydrophobized by fluorination with a monochlorosilane.
Deposition of Dry Powder Generated by Solovent in Sophia Anatomical Infant Nose-Throat (SAINT) Model

Purpose: To quantify deposition of 99mtechnetium-labeled powder in the Sophia Anatomical Infant Nose-Throat (SAINT) model of a 9-month old. Methods: Powder was generated by the Solovent (BD Technologies), an active dry powder inhaler with spacer, during 30 seconds of tidal volume (TV) breathing. Activity that passed through the model was captured on a filter and represented powder that was available for deposition in the lungs. Deposition in the nasal cavity, on the filter, and in the spacer was expressed as a percentage of the injected dose into the spacer. Results: Mean (± SD) injected dose averaged 89.5 ± 0.09%, 90.3 ± 0.11%, and 91.3 ± 0.05% at 50, 100, and 200 mL TV, respectively. Mean nasal deposition increased significantly from 50 mL to 100 mL and 200 mL TV with 0.60 ± 0.002%, 1.72 ± 0.007%, and 6.75 ± 07.21%, respectively (all p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, mean filter deposition increased significantly from 50 mL to 100 mL to 200 mL with 0.28 ± 0.00%, 1.14 ± 0.00%, and 3.87 ± 0.01%, respectively (all p < 0.05). Mean retention in the spacer was similar at 50 mL (93.38 ± 0.02%) and at 100 mL TV (89.97 ± 0.04%), but decreased significantly to 71.47 ± 0.05% at 200 mL TV (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: These data suggest for the first time the feasibility of delivering a dry powder formulation to infants and toddlers by actively introducing the powder into a spacer. Lung deposition and nasal deposition, as a percent of injected dose, were dependent on tidal volume with deposition increasing with increasing TV. Nevertheless, deposition, as a percent of injected dose, was low in both regions. This was likely due to significant retention in the spacer at all 3 tidal volumes. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
B-N as a C-C substitute in aromatic systems

The substitution of isoelectronic B–N units for C–C units in aromatic hydrocarbons produces novel heterocycles with structural similarities to the all-carbon frameworks, but with fundamentally altered electronic properties and chemistry. Since the pioneering work of Dewar some 50 years ago, the relationship between B–N and C–C and the wealth of parent all-carbon aromatics has captured the imagination of organic, inorganic, materials, and computational chemists alike, particularly in recent years. New applications in biological chemistry, new materials, and novel ligands for transition-metal complexes have emerged from these studies. This review is aimed at surveying activity in the area in the past couple of decades. Its organization is based on ring size and type of the all-carbon or heterocyclic subunit that the B–N analog is derived from. Structural aspects pertaining to the retention of aromaticity are emphasized, along with delineation of significant differences in physical properties of the B–N comp.
New 2,5-diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole–fluorene hybrids as electron transporting materials for blended-layer organic light emitting diodes

We describe the synthesis of 2,5-diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole–fluorene hybrid molecules, e.g. 2,7-bis[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-9,9-dihexylfluorene 6, 2,7-bis{4-[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl}-9,9-dihexylfluorene 10, 2,7-bis{4-[2-(4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl}-9,9-dihexylfluorene 11, 2,7-bis{4-[2-(4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl}-spirobifluorene 13 and analogue 16, comprising the 9,9-dihexylfluorene or spirobifluorene core units to which are attached aryl- or diaryl-oxadiazole units to provide linearly extended π-conjugated systems. The X-ray crystal structure is reported for compound 11. We have fabricated single-layer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using blends of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) as the emissive material with the electron transport (ET) compounds 6, 10, 11, 13 and 16 added to enhance electron injection. For all the devices studied electroluminescence originates exclusively from the MEH-PPV material. The external quantum efficiencies of the devices increased with increasing concentration of the ET compound up to 95% by weight, and are greatly enhanced (>two orders of magnitude) compared to pure MEH-PPV reference devices. Further improvements have been achieved by adding a layer of PEDOT : PSS and efficiencies reach ca. 0.4% at 30 mA cm−2 for devices in the configuration ITO/PEDOT : PSS/MEH-PPV–13 (5 : 95% by weight)/Al.
Retraction: Single walled carbon nanotubes reinforced mineralized hydroxyapatite composite coatings on titanium for improved biocompatible implant applications

Retraction of ‘Single walled carbon nanotubes reinforced mineralized hydroxyapatite composite coatings on titanium for improved biocompatible implant applications’ by D. Gopi et al., RSC Adv. , 2015, 5, 36766–36778, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA04382D.
AUTOXIDATION OF POLY(ALKYLENE GLYCOLS) IN SOLUTION

Abstract : Data reported for the autoxidation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) in solution at relatively long reaction times were analyzed. A relatively simple and a more general kinetic scheme with corresponding rate expressions were used. It was found that the more general scheme gave somewhat more satisfactory agreement between calculated and observed values of several reaction variables. Limitations in the applications of both schemes to PEG and PPG autoxidations are mentioned.
Microstructural and Chemical Influences of Silicate Grain‐Boundary Phases in Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia

The microstructure and chemistry of grain-boundary phases in silicate-doped Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZrO{sub 2} ceramics were evaluated by analytical electron microscopy. Two different silicate compositions were used: one an aluminosilicate and the other a borosilicate glass. These grain-boundary phases had a significant impact on the grain morphology, the chemical composition of the grains, and the crystallization of second phases. These results indicate that controlled additions of specific glass phases may provide a means for tailoring the microstructure and physical properties of zirconia ceramics.
Phytochemical and Biological Investigations of Phyllanthus reticulatus

Scopoletin (1) was isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of a methanol extract of the stem bark of Phyllanthus reticulates (Family: Euphorbiaceae). The petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride and choloroform soluble fractions of this methanol extract were subjected to antimicrobial screening and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. All of the partitionates showed moderate to strong inhibitory activity to microbial growth while the chloroform soluble fraction showed strongest cytotoxicity having LC 50 1.99 ? g/ml. Key words: Phyllanthus reticulates , Euphorbiaceae, Scopoletin, Brine shrimp lethality bioassay, Antimicrobial Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.5(1-2) 2006 The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Image correlation spectroscopy as a tool for microrheology of soft materials

Image correlation spectroscopy (ICS) has been mostly used to quantify spatiotemporal events in biological experiments. Here, we develop and demonstrate the use of ICS for microrheology (μR) of complex, viscoelastic materials. A special technique for extracting mean-squared displacements (MSD) of probe particles in the samples from image correlation data is developed. The method (ICS-μR) is tested on Newtonian (glycerol solutions in water) and complex fluids (poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutions). Accurate measurements of the viscosities of the Newtonian fluids (equivalently, the diffusion coefficients of the probe particles) as well as the storage and loss moduli of the PEO solutions could be obtained. The possibility to combine spatiotemporal assessment and time- and length-scale dependent microrheological measurements from images of fluorescent molecules makes ICS-μR a prospective tool in many biophysical applications. Further, the method developed for extracting MSD from image (or intensity) correlation measurements can be applied to other microrheological techniques to provide improved accuracy of rheological measurements.