Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Medical Applications of Chitosan Nanocomposite Coatings

due to its characteristic properties, like solubility in weak acids, film-forming ability, pH-sensitivity, antifouling properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Chitosan composite coatings in food, paint and water treatment solutions have been developed. In food industries, chitosan-based composite films and coatings are applied for prolonging the post-harvest life of fruits and vegetables, while anti-corrosion and self-healing properties are mainly explored for antifouling applications in paints and metal ion chelation and antifouling properties are useful for water treatment. chitosan because of the electrostatic interaction between negatively charged dye ions and the protonated amino groups et al. demonstrated that the removal of dyes from alkaline effluent involves chelating interactions rather than electrostatic interactions 105]. The removal of dye from wastewater using nanocomposites of chitosan has been achieved using several processes, such as physical adsorption, ion-exchange, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic attractions, and chemical bonding. Chitosan-based composite fibers (MNPs/ZnPc-CS) and pellets of zinc photocatalysts (ZnPc)-supported metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles have been synthesized by Ali et al. for metal ions uptake [106]. The MNPs/ZnPc-CS fibers were used as dip-catalysts for the reduction of nitrophenols and azo dyes like methyl orange (MO) and congo red (CR). The results showed that the developed composites exhibited excellent catalytic efficiency and recyclability in the reduction of these dyes. Zhou al. fabricated three low-cost polypyrrole-based composites, i.e., polypyrrole-chitosan-lignosulfonate (PPY-CS-LS), polypyrrole-chitosan (PPY-CS), and polypyrrole-lignosulfonate (PPY-LS) via polymerization (in-situ) of pyrrole monomers with chitosan (CS) and/or lignosulfonate (LS) as dispersants in order to improve the dye adsorption capacity of polypyrrole [107]. The selective adsorption properties of these composites were investigated for six dyes, i.e., methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), amaranth (AM), acid orange 10 (AO10), congo red (CR), and acid blue74 (AB74). The synergistic effects of amino/hydroxyl-containing functional groups from CS, sulfonic groups from LS, and nitrogen-containing functional groups from PPY chains resulted in high adsorption performance (feasible and spontaneous) for dyes with the PPY-CS-LS composite. Nanocomposite Coatings for Food, Paints, and Water Treatment Applications.
The Small Angle Scattering ToolBox (SASTBX): an open-source software for biomolecular small-angle scattering

Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering experiments are broadly applied to study biomolecular structure and dynamics. This article presents the Small Angle Scattering ToolBox (SASTBX), which provides a wide-ranging functionality for the analysis of biological small-angle scattering data, from data reduction to model reconstruction and refinement. The SASTBX is an open-source package, which is freely available at http://sastbx.als. lbl.gov.
Ionicity and Framework Stability of Crystalline Aluminophosphates

First-principles quantum chemical techniques are applied to characterize the bonding properties of crystalline aluminophosphates (ALPOs) and to compare them with the isostructural silica-based zeolites. Results of the calculations agree with the available structural and calorimetric experimental data. By population and topological analyses of the calculated electronic density, the bonding in ALPOs is shown to be of molecular- ionic character and comprised of discrete Al3+ and PO43- ions. The latter finding rationalizes the hydrophilicity and the defect chemistry of microporous ALPO frameworks in heterogeneous catalysis.
'Excimer’ fluorescence II. Lifetime studies of pyrene solutions

Measurements have been made of the concentration dependence of the rise and decay time characteristics of the monomer and excimer fluorescence of deoxygenated solutions of pyrene in cyclohexane at temperatures from 293 to 340 °K. Two independent methods were employed, one using a pulsed light source and a pulse-sampling oscilloscope, and the other a modulated light source and a phase and modulation fluorometer. In conjunction with observations of the monomer and excimer fluorescence quantum efficiencies, the results have been analyzed to determine the six rate parameters which describe the behaviour of the system. Values of 6.8 x 10-7 and 0.9 x 10-7s are obtained for the radiative lifetimes of the monomer and excimer, respectively. Excimer formation is shown to be a diffusion-controlled collision process, in which every collision between excited and unexcited molecules is effective. From the difference in the activation energies for excimer dissociation and formation, the excimer binding energy is found to be 0.34eV.
Synthesis and characterization of starch-graft-polycaprolactone as compatibilizer for starch/polycaprolactone blends

SUMMARY Polycaprolactone (PCL) was grafted onto starch through introduction of urethane linkages. The grafting reaction was carried out in two steps. The first step was the reaction of hydroxyl-terminated PCL with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate. The isocyanate terminated PCL was then reacted with starch to obtain starchgrajl-polycaprolactone (starch-g-PCL). The grafting reaction was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The compatibility of the starch/PCL blend was enhanced with a compatibilizer, starch-g-PCL, whose amount was 3 wt. -% of the blend. The tensile strength and morphology of the compatibilized blend were determined. It was found that the compatibilized starch/PCL blend has finer phase domains and an improved interfacial adhesion. Mechanical properties of the compatibilized blend were found to be significantly higher than those of the corresponding uncompatibilized starcWCL blend.
Influence of solute-solute interactions on membrane filtration

An understanding of solute-solute interactions is essential for aquatic systems as this can affect the fate and behaviour of micropollutants in the environment and engineered systems. Despite the importance of solute-solute interactions there is a general lack of understanding which may be attributed to the fact that many engineering models overlook solute-solute interactions and that the quantification of such interactions is inherently difficult. When solute-solute interactions are considered, they are often studied at unrepresentative concentrations and do not consider the influence of organic matter type or solution chemistry. Steroidal hormones, such as estradiol and estrone, were selected as model micropollutants as they are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment due to constant introduction of wastewater effluent, and can have implications for growth and development of organisms including impaired fertility and behavioural abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to quantify solute-solute interactions at environmental concentrations, and to determine the implications of such interactions in membrane filtration. A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was developed to quantify solutesolute interactions at environmental (low) concentrations. Using SPME, organic matter-water partition coefficients (log KOM) were measured for a range of steroidal hormones including estradiol, estrone, progesterone and testosterone with different organic matter types such as humic acid. The dominant mechanism of hormoneorganic matter interactions was identified as hydrogen bonding. In the case of estrone and progesterone the log KOM values were significantly influenced by organic matter type and concentration, as well as solution chemistry. No difference was observed for estradiol and testosterone due to generally weaker sorption to organic matter. Previous studies have indicated that the presence of organic matter can alter micropollutant retention in membrane filtration. Much of the current literature focuses on solute-membrane interactions, as the influence of solute-solute interactions are typically difficult to determine in membrane filtration. Therefore,
Photodimerization of anthracenes in fluid solutions: (part 2) mechanistic aspects of the photocycloaddition and of the photochemical and thermal cleavage

One of the classics in photochemistry, the photodimerization of anthracenes can be considered as a paradigm of the photocycloaddition of non saturated hydrocarbons. The historical steps of the mechanistic studies are reviewed: based on fluorescence quenching, cyclization quantum yields measurement, the influence of dioxygen and solvents, they support a singlet state pathway; the dimerization rate constants are found to be generally high for reactions occurring within a few nanoseconds unless they are slowed down or inhibited by steric strain. In several cases, excimers have been demonstrated to be intermediates and it is shown that excimer fluorescence and cyclization are competitive processes. Another intermediate known as pericyclic minimum (or conical intersection) is postulated to form a sort of floppy cycloadduct where the reacting centres are at mutual distances shorter than in excimers and longer than in dimers. For intermolecular dimerizations, the triplet state is also reactive but through triplet–triplet annihilation in dilute solutions. Intramolecular photocycloadditions have also been carefully examined, for the role of multiple excimer formation, regioselectivity (9,10∶1′,4′ and 9,10∶1′,2′ cyclization) and solvent polarity. The triplet state reactivity is shown to lead to 4π + 2π or 4π + 4π cycloadducts, depending on geometric factors. In the latter case when intersystem crossing is favoured by the substituents, cyclization quantum yields as high as 0.65–0.72 have been observed. Photodissociation quantum yields are generally high and the reactions are partly adiabatic, leading to excimer and monomer fluorescence, but the major part follows another pathway not fully elucidated by flash photolysis. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for the thermal cleavage are given; they reveal a large gamut of stability for the photocycloadducts.
Boron-Calcium Synergically Alleviates Aluminum Toxicity in Wheat Plants (Triticum aestivum L.)

The effects of B and Ca treatments on root growth, nutrient localization and cell wall properties in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants with and without Al stress were investigated. Seedlings were grown hydroponically in a complete nutrient solution for 7 d and then treated with B (0, 40 μM), Ca (0, 2,500 μM), and Al (0, 100 μM) in a 500 μM CaCl2 solution for 8 d. The cell wall materials (CWM) were extracted with a phenol: acetic acid: water (2:1:1 w/v/v) solution and used for subsequent pectin extraction with trans-1,2-diami-nocyclohexane-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and Na2CO3 solutions. Boron, Ca, and B + Ca treatments enhanced root growth by 19.5, 15.2, and 27.2%, respectively, compared to the control (pH 4.5). Calcium and B+Ca treatments enhanced root growth with Al stress by 43 and 54%, respectively, while B did not exert any effect. The amounts of CWM and pectin per unit of root fresh weight increased by Al treatment, whereas the Ca and B+Ca treatments slightly reduced the contents of these components. Seventy-four percent of total B, 69% of total Ca, and 85% of total Al were located in the cell wall in the B, Ca, and Al treatments, respectively and 32% of total B, 33% of total Ca, and 33% of total Al were located in the CDTA-soluble and Na2CO3-soluble pectin fractions. A more conspicuous localization of B was observed in the presence of Al. Aluminum treatment markedly decreased the Ca content in the cell wall as well as pectin fractions, mainly in the case of the CDTA-soluble pectin fraction. Boron + Ca treatment decreased the Al content in the cell wall and pectin fractions compared to the Ca treatment alone in the presence of Al. It is concluded that the B+Ca treatment enhanced root growth and, B and Ca uptake, and helped to maintain a normal B and Ca metabolism in the cell walls even in the presence of Al.
Electropolymerization and Properties of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Backbone Polymer with Tetrathiafulvalene as Pendant

Three 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) derivatives, including an EDOT-tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative, were synthesized by Steglich esterification of carboxylic acids with hydroxymethyl EDOT (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene methanol). The UV spectra showed that there was no distinctive intramolecular interaction for the EDOT–TTF monomer between the EDOT and the TTF moieties in the ground state; however, the cyclic voltammetry responses implied that such intramolecular interaction occurred. Electropolymerization in excessive potential could bring in strong overoxidation effects and degradation in the polymer film. The polymers were simulated using density functional theory with Gaussian03 package and the optimized HOMO and LUMO state were figured out. The conductivity of TTF-polymer was 6 S·cm−1 obtained by galvano station and 4.8 × 10−3 S·cm−1 obtained by potentiostatic electropolymerization after doping with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane. The results indicated that this polymer was a reasonable candidate for conducting materials and it was meaningful to increase the conductive dimensions of TTF polymers by chemical doping. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Luminescence Phenomena Involving Metal Enolates

1 Introduction 2 Metal Enolates 3 Luminescence of Rare-Earth Enolates 4 Luminescence Involving s, p and d Metal Block Enolates 5 Applications 6 Acknowledgments Keywords: luminescence phenomena involving metal enolates; chemistry of metal β-diketonate complexes; luminescence of rare-earth enolates; photoluminescence of rare-earth β-diketonates; diketonate ligand–rare-earth ion energy transfer rates; luminescence involving s, p and d metal block enolates; photoluminescence of d-transition metal enolates; applications - time-resolved detection of luminescence for bioassays
Effect of different post harvest treatments on nutritive and antioxidant activities of wild edible Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff.) S.Gray from Tanzania

Coprinus cinereus is a wild edible and medicinal mushroom available in Tanzania. Methanolic extracts were prepared from whole young and immature mushrooms and the effect of eight different post harvest treatments on nutritional content, antioxidant component and scavenging activities on DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals were studied. Result showed that Coprinus cinereus fruit bodies are good source of antioxidant and proteins although post harvest treatments had profound effects, which varied significantly at (p<0.05). The highest scavenging ability (LD 50 = 0.119) was found from mushrooms sun dried for 5 days followed by (LD50= 0.133) recorded from young and immature mushrooms (control) while the least (LD50=4.24) was obtained from mushrooms dipped in boiling 10% salt water for 1minute. On the other hand, crude protein ranged between 7-26% with highest and lowest obtained from oven dried and boiled in 10% salt for 1 minute, respectively. For total flavonoid (mg RE/g) the highest value was obtained from control (44.7) followed by (41.13) recorded from oven dried mushrooms. The total phenolic (mg GAE/g) content and vitamin C (mg/100g) varied concurrently with same treatments. They were both higher in mushrooms dehydrated with silica gel (174.77) and (175.18) and lower in mushrooms dipped in boiling water for 5 minute (59.49) and (20.17), respectively. These findings demonstrated that Coprinus cinereus is a good source of protein and antioxidant and the best post harvest method is sun drying in which, not only the shelf life of the mushroom increases but also they retains most of good qualities including improved scavenging abilities. © 2012 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved.
Hexavalent chromium review, part 2: Chemistry, occurrence, and treatment

This is the second article in a two‐part review of the current state of the science regarding hexavalent chromium. Part 1 discussed chromium health effects, regulations, and analysis. This review begins by discussing the chemistry of the two predominant chromium oxidation species: trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), including soluble and particulate forms. Although Cr(VI) is the species of concern for human health effects, both forms must be considered because they can be interconverted by a variety of oxidants and reductants. Although it is generally assumed that Cr(VI) comes from anthropogenic contamination, this review highlights many reports of it naturally occurring. This article also summarizes the limited data available on chromium occurrence in drinking water sources and finished water. Finally, a range of treatment methods and limitations associated with each is listed. Utilities should also consider potential sources and sinks of chromium within the treatment plant and distribution system.
A porous coordination framework for highly sensitive and selective solid-phase microextraction of non-polar volatile organic compounds

A porous metal azolate framework [Zn(mpba)] (MAF-X8, H2mpba = 4-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)benzoic acid) with large, hydrophobic, one-dimensional channels and good thermal/chemical stability was synthesized and characterized. High-quality MAF-X8 thin films were grown on stainless-steel fibers for solid-phase microextraction (SPME), which showed high sensitivity and selectivity towards non-polar volatile organic compounds.
Análise de sentimento dos usuários do twitter em relação à atual situação política do Brasil.

The evolutions in the area of Information Technology allowed the storage of varied and extensive databases of commercial, administrative, governmental and scientific nature. On the other hand, the analysis of large amounts of data by man is not feasible without the aid of appropriate computational tools. In the globalized era in which we live, the competitiveness between companies is increasing, with information and knowledge being fundamental elements in order to obtain market differentials in relation to the competition. Given this scenario, the area of Data Mining arises whose purpose is to develop and apply techniques that allow to obtain new and useful knowledge from large databases, be they numerical or textual. The purpose of this work was to research and apply these techniques in order to mine data coming from Twitter, to identify people’s feelings about the current political situation in Brazil, which was generally positive.
Micellar medium effects on the hydrolysis of phenyl chloroformate in ionic, zwitterionic, nonionic, and mixed micellar solutions

The spontaneous hydrolysis of phenyl chloroformate was studied in various anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, and cationic aqueous micellar solutions, as well as in mixed anionic–nonionic micellar solutions. In all cases, an increase in the surfactant concentration results in a decrease in the reaction rate and micellar effects were quantitatively explained in terms of distribution of the substrate between water and micelles and the first-order rate constants in the aqueous and micellar pseudophases. A comparison of the kinetic data in nonionic micellar solutions to those in anionic and zwiterionic micellar solutions makes clear that charge effects of micelles is not the only factor responsible for the variations in the reaction rate. Depletion of water in the interfacial region and its different characteristics as compared to bulk water, the presence of high ionic concentration in the Stern layer of ionic micelles, and differences in the stabilization of the initial state and the transition state by hydrophobic interactions with surfactant tails can also influence reactivity. The different deceleration of the reaction observed in the various micellar solutions studied was discussed by considering these factors. Synergism in mixed-micellar solutions is shown through the kinetic data obtained in these media. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 445–451, 2002
Energetics of Hydrogen Bond Network Rearrangements in Liquid Water

A strong temperature dependence of oxygen K-edge x-ray absorption fine structure features was observed for supercooled and normal liquid water droplets prepared from the breakup of a liquid microjet. Analysis of the data over the temperature range 251 to 288 kelvin (–22° to +15°C) yields a value of 1.5 ± 0.5 kilocalories per mole for the average thermal energy required to effect an observable rearrangement between the fully coordinated (“ice-like”) and distorted (“broken-donor”) local hydrogen-bonding configurations responsible for the pre-edge and post-edge features, respectively. This energy equals the latent heat of melting of ice with hexagonal symmetry (ice Ih) and is consistent with the distribution of hydrogen bond strengths obtained for the “overstructured” ST2 model of water.
Parenting with a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder: A case for targeted interventions

8 DECLARATION . 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 11 DEDICATION . 12 CHAPTER 1: UNDERSTANDING BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER . 13 1.1 PREAMBLE . 13 1.2 OVERVIEW . 13 1.3 CLINICAL FEATURES . 16 1.4 PREVALENCE . 18 1.5 COMORBIDITY . 20 1.6 PROGNOSIS . 21 1.7 AETIOLOGY . 23 1.8 A MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BPD . 40 1.9 TREATMENT . 43 1.10 BPD AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PARENTING. 52 1.11 CHAPTER SUMMARY . 56
Primary Process in the Photolysis of Ethane at 1236 Å

The photolysis of ethane has been carried out at room temperature at the krypton resonance lines. The isotopic analyses of products in the photolysis of C2H6+C2D6 mixtures and CH3CD3 have been made to obtain information on the primary processes. From these results, the relative weights of the primary processes have been determined as follows: C2H6*→C2H4*+H2 41 C2H4*→C2H2+H2 27 C2H4*→ lim +MC2H4 14 C2H6*→C2H4+2H 31 C2H6*→CH4+CH2 22 C2H6*→2CH3 <6 These results agree with those reported by Hampson and McNesby.
Solid-state reprogrammable analog resistive devices for electronic neural networks

The fabrication and performance of WO3-based, solid-state, three-terminal device configurations as programmable analog memory elements are reported. These transistorlike device structures exhibit good resistance progammability with a remarkable resolution of a few percent of the resistive strength over a four orders of magnitude dynamic range. The most critical component of these devices is an insulating layer between the active WO3 and the cation donor layer. The progamming characteristics and operation mechanisms of the device are described, and probable reaction mechanisms critical to the device stability are discussed.
Surface imaging by silylation for low voltage electron‐beam lithography

Electron‐beam lithography with low voltage electrons offers a number of advantages. Low voltage electrons have short penetration depths. Therefore, backscattering from the substrate which causes the proximity effect as well as radiation damage in the substrate are potentially minimized or excluded. As a consequence, a top surface imaging resist technology should be applied. The surface imaging by silylation was combined with low voltage electron exposure using 1.8‐, 3‐, and 5‐keV electrons. Resist structures down to 50 nm are shown.
Isolation of galangogalloside from rhizomes of Alpinia galanga

Alpinia galanga commonly known as Kulingen. Plant is selected for isolation of newer constituents responsible various therapeutic activities like Antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. The purpose of present study to isolate new phenolic glycoside from Alpinia galanga rhizomes. Methanolic extract of Alpinia galanga was column chromatographed and eluted with ethyl acetate-methanol (9:1) to isolate compound AG 13, Galangogalloside. New structure of Galangogalloside was interpreted by various spectral techniques (UV, IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and MS). Chemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga furnished new gallic acid glycoside (Galangogalloside). New gallic acid glycoside isolated from medicinal plant or synthetic source for the first time. Key words: AG 13, Alpinia galanga, galangogalloside, gallic acid glycoside, methanolic extract