Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of environment on sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriocins

The effect of environmental variation on the susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to pyocin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined. Susceptibility to at least one pyocin was demonstrated in strains of N. gonorrhoeae (99%), N. meningitidis (35%), and N. lactamica (47%). The degree of sensitivity to pyocin displayed by N. gonorrhoeae was affected by varying the pH of the growth environment. Gonococcal strains were more sensitive to growth inhibition by pyocins at an alkaline pH and less sensitive to growth inhibition at an acid pH. Inhibitory titers fluctuated during nonselective subculture of fresh clinical isolates. There was no apparent correlation between auxotype and sensitivity to pyocin. Also, no relationship between colony morphology and pyocin sensitivity was seen.
Why are babies weaned early? Data from a prospective population based cohort study

Background: The recommended age of introduction of solids food to the diet of infants (weaning) has recently been increased in the UK to 6 months, but most babies are still weaned before the age of 4 months. Aims: To examine what predicts the age of weaning and how this relates to weight gain and morbidity using data from a population based cohort. Methods: Parents of 923 term infants born in a defined geographical area and recruited shortly after birth were studied prospectively using postal questionnaires, weaning diaries, and routinely collected weights, of whom 707 (77%) returned data on weaning. Results: The median age of first weaning solids was 3.5 months, with 21% commencing before 3 months and only 6% after 4 months of age. Infants progressed quickly to regular solids with few reported difficulties, even when weaned early. Most parents did not perceive professional advice or written materials to be a major influence. The strongest independent predictors of earlier age at weaning were rapid weight gain to age 6 weeks, lower socioeconomic status, the parents’ perception that their baby was hungry, and feeding mode. Weight gain after 6 weeks was unrelated to age of weaning. Babies weaned before 3 months, compared to after 4 months, had an increased risk of diarrhoea. Conclusions: Social factors had some influence on when weaning solids were introduced, but the great majority of all infants were established on solids before the previously recommended age of 4 months, without difficulty. Earlier weaning was associated with an increased rate of minor morbidity.
Lateral distribution of gangliosides in bilayer membranes: Lipid and ionic effects

Native Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA 60) has been used as a visual marker to localize the ganglioside GM1 under a variety of conditions in model membranes. By employing the technique of freeze‐etch electron microscopy, it was possible to resolve membrane structural details down to some 3 nm. The most striking feature was frequent existence of the marker lectin in clusters—presumably reflecting the underlying presence of clustered receptor. This feature persisted at glycolipid concentrations from 0.5 to 7 mol%. It was visible in membranes of single pure phospholipids above and below their phase transition temperatures, in membranes of mixed phospholipids, and in membranes containing cholesterol. The presence of cations, including Ca2+, was not seen to alter the pattern of lectin binding at a resolution of 3 nm. In pure dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, a lining‐up of glycolipid in the “troughs” between ripples in rigid lipid was apparent, in agreement with a similar phenomenon reported by Tillack et al for a neutral glycosphingolipid in pure dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine [1982: Biochim Biophys Acta 691:261–273]; but this feature was not evident in host matrices composed of several different lipids.
Changes in the Living Arrangements of Young Adults in Britain During the 1980s

Les AA. etudient les situations de logement des jeunes adultes en Grande-Bretagne dans les annees 1980. Les jeunes ont eu de plus en plus tendance a vivre en dehors de chez leurs parents mais la tendance semble s'inverser. Ils montrent que cette situation implique des disparites selon les classes sociales. Ils mettent en avant le role et les differences de niveaux de ressources en ce qui concerne les differents types de situation, que la tendance a quitter le milieu familial ou les familles au sein desquelles les jeunes vivent croit avec le temps
Removal of DNA adducts of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in the male Fischer-344 rat.

The food mutagen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is carcinogenic in the male Fischer-344 rat, affecting principally the colon. PhIP-DNA adducts may play a role in the initiation of the carcinogenic process. We have evaluated the formation and persistence of PhIP-DNA adducts in the colon, circulating white blood cells (WBC) and several other non-target organs of the male Fischer-344 rat. Young adult male animals were given a single dose of PhIP (50 mg/kg) by gavage. Animals were killed 1, 2, 6, 12, 16 or 20 days after dosing (4 animals/time point) and their liver, lungs, stomach, small intestine, cecum, colon, kidneys, WBC, heart and spleen were removed for isolation of DNA and assay of PhIP-DNA adducts by 32P-postlabeling. For interorgan comparisons of cell turnover, rats were given a single i.p. dose of [methyl-3H]thymidine, after which DNA was isolated at the same time intervals as for adduct analysis and its sp. act. (d.p.m. 3H/100 micrograms) was determined. In all organs up to three adducts could be isolated and the adduct pattern was the same in each case. On day 1, total adduct levels were highest in the colon (the target organ), followed by the spleen, cecum, small intestine, stomach, liver, kidneys, lungs, WBC and heart. Rates of adduct removal were similar in the colon, spleen, cecum, liver, lungs, stomach and small intestine, with day 16 and day 20 levels falling to < 16% of those on day 1; rates of removal were slower in the heart and kidneys (52.0 and 30.3% of day 1 values remaining on day 16 respectively). Adducts in WBC increased at first (day 2) and decreased thereafter to virtually non-detectable levels on days 16 and 20. Heart adducts on days 2-12 increased slightly or remained as high as those on day 1, then decreased to lower levels on days 16 and 20 (53.0 and 28.7% of day 1 levels respectively). There was no preferential removal or persistence of any individual adduct in WBC or in any of the organs. On days 1 and 2, the sp. act. of intestinal DNA (small intestine, cecum and colon) was > 30-fold higher than that in several other organs, including the liver. These sp. act. decreased to the low sp. act. of the liver on day 20. It is concluded that the rates of adduct removal from the intestines are more likely to be related to cell turnover of epithelial cells than to enzymatic repair. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A case series of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with initial neoplastic diagnoses of intraoral Kaposi's sarcoma.

BACKGROUND Oral Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) may represent the initial clinical manifestation of immunosuppression in human immunodeficiency virus disease. This article reviews the treatment provided to these patients and the outcome of the disease and provides the opportunity to assess the impact of improvements in the medical therapy of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on disease outcome. METHODS A tumor registry was examined to identify patients in whom oral KS was the first neoplastic diagnosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Thirty-seven cases of oral KS representing 1.9% of all cases of KS were identified as the first malignant diagnosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Patients with oral KS have limited survival; the cause of death is either infection or malignancy. In our study, the palate was the most common site of primary involvement in the oral cavity. Recently diagnosed patients remained alive longer than those diagnosed earlier, and the patients with the most recently diagnosed cases were alive at the completion of the study, suggesting that medical management of human immunodeficiency virus has improved with new therapies.
Fuzzy Diagnosis Method for Rotating Machinery in Variable Rotating Speed

In order to effectively diagnose faults for rotating machinery in the variable rotating speed, a novel diagnosis method is proposed based on time-frequency analysis techniques, the automatic feature extraction method, and fuzzy inference. The diagnosis sensitivities of three time-frequency analysis methods, namely, the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), wavelet analysis (WA), and the pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution (PWVD), are investigated for condition diagnosis of rotating machinery. In the case of the bearing diagnosis, the diagnosis sensitivity of the PWVD was found to be highest. An extraction method for instantaneous feature spectrum is proposed using the relative crossing information (RCI), by which the feature spectrum from time-frequency distribution can be automatically extracted by a computer in order to identify among the conditions of a machine. The symptom parameters are also defined in the frequency domain using the feature spectrum extracted by the RCI. The synthetic symptom parameters can be obtained by the least squares mapping (LSM) technique to increase the diagnosis sensitivity of the symptom parameters. Based on the above studies, a fuzzy diagnosis method using sequential inference and possibility theory was also proposed, by which the conditions of machinery can be well identified sequentially. Practical examples of diagnosis for a roller bearing are given in order to verify the effectiveness of the approaches proposed in this paper.
Energy efficient analog to digital converter in 90nm CMOS

Multi-electrode array devices are widely considered for sensing a large amount of neural data in implantable applications. In such systems power and area are playing most important roll in design and implementation. This paper presents a low power, variable bits and small area analog to digital converter (ADC) for biopotential and neural signals-recording applications. This work has been simulated in standard 90 nm 1P9M CMOS with sample rate of 1Ms/sec and variable precision of 7 to 12 bits. The standby (no input signal) power dissipation of the ADC is 500 nW and full-scale signal conversion is 7.8 μW from a single 1.2-V supply.
The Reciprocal Regulation of γ-Synuclein and IGF-I Receptor Expression Creates a Circuit That Modulates IGF-I Signaling*

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays important roles in carcinogenesis and maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Signaling through the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) has been shown to stimulate the growth and motility of a wide range of cancer cells. γ-Synuclein (SNCG) is primarily expressed in peripheral neurons but also overexpressed in various cancer cells. Overexpression of SNCG correlates with tumor progression. In the present study we demonstrated a reciprocal regulation of IGF-I signaling and SNCG expression. IGF-I induced SNCG expression in various cancer cells. IGF-IR knockdown or IGF-IR inhibitor repressed SNCG expression. Both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase were involved in IGF-I induction of SNCG expression. Interestingly, SNCG knockdown led to proteasomal degradation of IGF-IR, thereby decreasing the steady-state levels of IGF-IR. Silencing of SNCG resulted in a decrease in ligand-induced phosphorylation of IGF-IR and its downstream signaling components, including insulin receptor substrate (IRS), Akt, and ERK1/2. Strikingly, SNCG physically interacted with IGF-IR and IRS-2. Silencing of IRS-2 impaired the interaction between SNCG and IGF-IR. Finally, SNCG knockdown suppressed IGF-I-induced cell proliferation and migration. These data reveal that SNCG and IGF-IR are mutually regulated by each other. SNCG blockade may suppress IGF-I-induced cell proliferation and migration. Conversely, IGF-IR inhibitors may be of utility in suppressing the aberrant expression of SNCG in cancer cells and thereby block its pro-tumor effects.
Manufacturing pattern development for the Alpha 21164 microprocessor

Functional test patterns play a key role in the test strategy of many microprocessors. This paper describes the process of creating and fault grading an initial set of functional test vectors. The fault simulation results are used to identify design verification test (DVT) hard faults and to guide additional test development. Moreover, this paper details the effectiveness of test creation heuristics and the role functional tests play in identifying defective devices. This process has been used to improve the outgoing quality levels of Digital's second generation Alpha microprocessor.
Isolated Upgaze Palsy in a Patient with Vertebrobasilar Artery Dolichoectasia; a Case Report

Purpose To report isolated upgaze palsy in a patient with a dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery. Case Report We report a 48-year-old man who showed upgaze palsy and convergence insufficiency. The left vertebral artery and basilar artery were shown to be greatly expanded, elongated and tortuous in cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The vertebrobasilar artery runs along the sulcus basilaris superior to the pontomesencephalic junction. Conclusion A dolichoectatic basilar artery may result in compression of midbrain structures related to vertical gaze.
Salmonella enteritidis outbreak in a restaurant chain: the continuing challenges of prevention

SUMMARY In 1990, a Salmonella enteritidis (SE) outbreak occurred in a restaurant chain in Pennsylvania. To determine its cause(s), we conducted a case-control study and a cohort study at one restaurant, and a survey of restaurants. Egg dishes were associated with illness (P = 0.03). Guests from one hotel eating at the restaurant had a diarrhocal attack rate of 14%, 4.7-fold higher than among those not eating there (P = 0.04). There were no differences in egg handling between affected and unaffected restaurants. Eggs supplied to affected restaurants were medium grade AA eggs from a single farm, and were reportedly refrigerated during distribution. Human and hen SE isolates were phage type 8 and had similar plasmid profiles and antibiograms. We estimate the prevalence of infected eggs during the outbreak to be as high as 1 in 12. Typical restaurant egg-handling practices and refrigeration during distribution appear to be insufficient by themselves to prevent similar outbreaks.
Hemispheric Asymmetries in the Visual Evoked Potentials to Temporal Frequency: Preliminary Evidence

Steady-state evoked potentials were recorded in eight adult subjects from occipital and temporal leads of both hemispheres to investigate the effect of temporal frequency on the hemispheric specialization for basic visual information. A 3 cycles deg−1 grating was phase-reversed at different temporal frequencies (from 4 to 18 Hz), and the frequency spectrum of evoked potentials was computed by means of a fast Fourier transform program. Significant results were obtained for the component at twice the temporal frequency of stimulation. Occipital evoked potentials did not show hemispheric asymmetry, whereas temporal evoked potentials showed an interaction between hemisphere and temporal frequency: right and left hemispheres were respectively prominent for low (4 and 6 Hz) and for high (8–18 Hz) temporal frequencies. The results are discussed in the context of current research on hemispheric specialization for basic spatiotemporal parameters of visual information processing.
On the Independence of the Excitation of Complex Modes in Isotropic Structures

We investigate the independence of the excitation of complex modes in lossless and isotropic structures. We clarify some of the ideas in literature regarding the excitation of complex mode pairs. In particular, we show in this work that it is practically possible to independently control the excitation amplitude of an individual mode in a pair of conjugate complex modes. Theoretical clarification of the claim that such modes in a complex pair must be excited with equal amplitudes, as suggested by some authors, is also provided. The eigenmodes of a coupler comprising a regular forward-wave and a metamaterial backward-wave or negative-refractive-index transmission-line (NRI-TL) provides a representative platform to investigate our assertions which are verified using a commercial microwave circuit simulator.
Fatal rituximab‐associated lung injury syndrome in a patient treated with rituximab for recurrence of post‐transplant nephrotic syndrome

Rituximab (anti‐B CD20 ab.) in recently widely used in renal transplantation. Case history: A 10‐yr‐old patient with end‐stage renal failure due to multidrug‐resistant NS was transplanted with renal graft from deceased donor and presented immediate recurrence of NS. PF was started on day 3 and patient received MP pulses, however with no effect. Rituximab (4 × 375 mg/m2) was administered. Chest radiographs taken at that time were normal. Partial remission was achieved and the patient was discharged in good condition. Sequential recurrence appeared two wk afterward. Twelve sessions of PF were performed and six pulses of MP were given, effecting a partial remission. Three months after the last dose of rituximab, patient was admitted with increasing respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation. Infectious background, including CMV, BKV, mycoplasma, and pneumocystis, was not confirmed. The patient was treated with MP pulses, IVIG, and a variety of antibiotics. Ground‐glass opacity was confirmed on lung CT images. Respiratory failure worsened, despite aggressive ventilation and patient passed away after three wk at ICU. A destruction of alveolar epithelium and extended pulmonary fibrosis was confirmed in the autopsy report. The case represents a fatal RALI.
Predicting a Rank Measure for Portfolio Selection

Investigations regarding stock price predictability and market e¢ciency normally focus on individual time series. In this paper we introduce a rank measure that takes into account a large number of securities and grades them according to the relative returns. It turns out that this rank measure, besides being more related to a real trading situation, is more predictable than the individual returns. The rank is predicted with a linear model and the empirical results show hit rates around 60% for the sign of the 1-day predictions. The predicted ranks are also used as a basis for a portfolio selection algorithm, which signi…cantly outperforms the benchmark when tested on the Swedish stock market over 1993-1997. The result is in strong contradiction to the random walk hypothesis and also a strong indication that market ine¢ciencies exist and can be exploited with multi-stock predictions such as the presented rank approach.
Towards multi-mode terminals

The increasing demand for wireless based services continues to grow with a multiplicity of standards developing. This is driving a need to develop integrated mobile terminals which have multi-mode capabilities, i.e., multiple communication systems which can coexist. The attention of this paper is focused on the coexistence of multiple communication systems via a simple hardware based structure with the algorithms and architectures developed within the framework of multi-mode terminals. The term multi-mode in this paper is limited to a set of standards and to a receiver that is expected to handle different systems with a low hardware complexity. Dedicated hardware is shared and reused by different systems. Existing specifications DAB, DVB-T, HIPERLAN-2 and UMTS are considered as examples in this paper, although the methodology could be applied to other systems. The systems considered can be classified into two categories: multi-carrier systems and single-carrier systems. This paper considers multi-mode terminals from both the algorithm and the architecture viewpoint, reducing receiver complexity by taking advantage of the commonalities among different specifications and receiver requirements. As an example, a joint channel estimation, chip-level frequency domain equalization and parallel interference cancellation structure for WCDMA is presented
The Role of Pulmonary Corticosteroid 11-Reductase Activity in Lung Maturation in the Fetal Rat

Summary: Injection of 11-ketoprogesterone into fetal rats at day 17 of gestation reduced the pulmonary C-11 activation index (an indicator of net gain or loss of glucocorticoid activity) as measured at day 21 (P < 0.001) and resulted in elevated levels of the inactive hormone 11-dehydrocorticosterone (P < 0.001), but unchanged corticosterone levels. Adrenal weight was significantly increased (P < 0.001). 11-Ketoprogesterone-injected fetuses had considerably larger lungs (P < 0.001) with reduced saturated phosphatidylcholine content (P < 0.001). Speculation: Prenatal glucocorticoid treatment to accelerate fetal lung maturation is an attempt to mimic a physiologic process. Further understanding of that process should provide means to enhance the safety and efficacy of such therapeutic intervention.
Age-related clonal hematopoiesis associated with adverse outcomes.

BACKGROUND The incidence of hematologic cancers increases with age. These cancers are associated with recurrent somatic mutations in specific genes. We hypothesized that such mutations would be detectable in the blood of some persons who are not known to have hematologic disorders. METHODS We analyzed whole-exome sequencing data from DNA in the peripheral-blood cells of 17,182 persons who were unselected for hematologic phenotypes. We looked for somatic mutations by identifying previously characterized single-nucleotide variants and small insertions or deletions in 160 genes that are recurrently mutated in hematologic cancers. The presence of mutations was analyzed for an association with hematologic phenotypes, survival, and cardiovascular events. RESULTS Detectable somatic mutations were rare in persons younger than 40 years of age but rose appreciably in frequency with age. Among persons 70 to 79 years of age, 80 to 89 years of age, and 90 to 108 years of age, these clonal mutations were observed in 9.5% (219 of 2300 persons), 11.7% (37 of 317), and 18.4% (19 of 103), respectively. The majority of the variants occurred in three genes: DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1. The presence of a somatic mutation was associated with an increase in the risk of hematologic cancer (hazard ratio, 11.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9 to 32.6), an increase in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8), and increases in the risks of incident coronary heart disease (hazard ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.4) and ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.8). CONCLUSIONS Age-related clonal hematopoiesis is a common condition that is associated with increases in the risk of hematologic cancer and in all-cause mortality, with the latter possibly due to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).