Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE MECHANISIM OF FRUCTOSAN METABOLISM IN HIGHER PLANTS AS EXEMPLIFIED IN HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS

Summary The physiological behaviour of the fructose polymers, which are the sole carbohydrate reserve in Jerusalem artichoke tubers, is briefly described. It is suggested that certain enzymes which have been isolated from this tissue can account for these changes, and a theory of their integrated action is put forward: this involves the trisaccharide IF-fructosylsucrose, widely found in fructosan-containing tissues, as a key intermediate, and the enzyme which produces it from sucrose as a controlling biochemical factor. Sucrose itself, both as a substrate and by its direct effect on the other enzymes, also acts as a major means of control. The hypothesis does not involve sugar phosphates or nucleotide sugars, and seems to be applicable to other plants which contain fructosans.
Role of edaphic factors in the development of downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola) in pearl millet

Infection of pearl millet by downy mildew [Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schrot. ] has been shown to be influenced by soil pH, soil bulk density, soil moisture content and addition of farmyard manure and nitrogen fixing bacteria. A pH value of 8·5 allowed disease to develop the most, with increases in acidity to pH 7·5 producing 70% reduction in disease. Higher soil bulk density and moisture content also led to reductions in disease but the effects were not as marked as for pH. The addition of farmyard manure to soil or the addition of Rhizobium, Azospirillum or Azotobacter inocula as combined seed and soil treatment also reduced disease with the best effects being from a cluster bean isolate of Rhizobium and from Azotobacter chroococcum. Assessment of rhizosphere microorganisms associated with the resistant and susceptible varieties of pearl millet showed that, overall, the fungal population was lower in the resistant varieties but that it was increased in both susceptible and resistant varieties by infection with downy mildew. Bacterial and actinomycete populations were also lower in resistant varieties but in this case downy mildew infection decreased the rhizosphere populations of both groups. Dehydrogenase activity of rhizosphere soil was higher in susceptible varieties but was decreased in both variety types by infection with S. graminicola. The results are discussed with reference to possible mechanisms to explain the observed effects.
Effect of Post-treatment Conditions on the Inactivation Rate of Pathogenic Bacteria after the Composting Process

ABSTRACT A urine diverting composting toilet system is modified for rural areas of Burkina Faso from the system that is commercially available in Japan. The rural model does not have a heat source. It still has some pathogens in the compost after three months of operation and hence requires a post-treatment. In this study, the kinetics inactivation of Enterococcus and Escherichia coli, selected as an indicator for pathogenic bacteria, was determined during post-treatment at different temperatures (37, 50, and 70°C) with varying moisture contents (50, 60, and 70%). Additionally, the fate of pathogenic bacteria under different lime doses (1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 g) at 60% of moisture content were determined. As a result, bacteria decreased as temperature increased, moisture reduced, and the length of time increased. However, under high temperature the effect of moisture was not significant. With regards to relative resistance of bacteria, Enterococcus was the most resistant to temperature. For 6 log reduction target to reduce the concentration of E. coli in compost, post-treatment conditions of 50°C, 50%, and a contact time over 4.5 h are needed or post-treatment conditions of 70°C, 50%, with a contact time of over 20 min are required. For Enterococcus, to achieve a 6 log reduction, post-treatment conditions of 50°C, 50%, with a contact time of 15 h or 70°C, 50%, with a contact time of over 2.5 h are required. The addition of the higher dose of Ca(OH)2 to increase the pH of compost to ≥8.1 was capable of reducing the concentration of pathogenic bacteria.
A ética – como motor da inovação empresarial e da sustentabilidade organizacional

Ethics importance has been growing in organizations, and innovation is seen ever more as a key factor in enterprise sustainability. Several theoretical approaches developed in recent years support the undeniable economic, social and human benefits of enterprise ethics. Other approaches sustain that enterprises create and retain their competitive advantages mostly through innovation. On this context, the goal of this article is to propose a conceptual model which allows understanding of the existing relationship between these two concepts, analyzing how the implementation of ethical management in enterprises promotes organizational sustainability and innovation. The growing importance of ethics and innovation in organizations and the need for new management models in modern economy are the reasons for this study.
Quality of sperm from cryopreserved semen of Tor soro in Dimethylsulfoxide and Glycerol 5, 10 and 15%

Attempt to produce a lot number of Tor soro is difficult if only obtained by natural spawning since they often get mature in dissimilar time. Stock of sperm kept in enough number for fertilization in anytime is needed to overcome the problem. Cryopreservation of semen is one of sperm cryopreservation methods using liquid nitrogen (-196 o C) to quickly freeze the sperm. Several cryoprotectants can be utilized in cryopreservation. In this study, quality by means of motility of cryopreserved sperm using dimethylsulfoxide or glycerol as cryoprotectant in the dose of 5, 10 and 15% were analyzed. The result of study show that percentage of sperm motile after cryopreservation using dimethylsulfoxide and glycerol was similar ranged from 76.7 to 83.3%. Therefore, both cryoprotectant used in this study could be employed for cryopreservation of Tor soro sperm. Keywords: cryopreservation, dimethylsulfoxide, glycerol, sperm, Tor soro ABSTRAK Upaya produksi ikan batak ( Tor soro ) dalam jumlah besar relatif sulit jika hanya mengandalkan hasil pemijahan secara alami karena kematangan gonad antara ikan jantan dan betina sering tidak bersamaan. Untuk mengatasinya diperlukan stok sperma yang disimpan dalam jumlah yang cukup banyak untuk pembuahan yang dapat dipakai setiap saat. Kriopreservasi semen merupakan salah satu cara penyimpanan sperma yang menggunakan larutan nitrogen cair (-196°C) untuk membekukan sperma secara cepat. Beberapa jenis protektan dapat digunakan dalam pembekuan sperma. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis kualitas dalam arti motilitas sperma hasil kriopreservasi menggunakan dimetilsulfoksida dan gliserol sebagai krioprotektan dengan dosis 5, 10 dan 15%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase sperma motil setelah dilakukan kriopreservasi adalah sama, berkisar antara 76,7% hingga 83,35%. Dengan demikian, kedua jenis krioprotektan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bisa dipakai dalam kriopreservasi sperma ikan batak. Kata kunci: kriopreservasi, dimetilsulfoksida, gliserol, sperma, Tor soro
DNA vaccines against infectious agents: recent strategies for enhancing immune responses

Background: There have been widespread efforts to develop plasmid DNA vaccines against animal and human pathogens. The impetus stemmed from early promising results in laboratory animals in which DNA vaccines induced robust immune responses and, in some cases, protection against challenge. However, first-generation DNA vaccines did not induce optimal responses in larger animals and humans. Objective: To examine technological developments in DNA plasmids, adjuvants, and delivery systems. Methods: The advancements that have been made in DNA vaccines for infectious diseases are reviewed and some historical perspective is provided. Results/conclusions: Although improvements in DNA vaccine technology have been realized, it is evident that this progress has resulted in rather modest improvements in responses in large animals and humans.
Ultrastructure of the Submandibular Gland in the Big White-Toothed Shrew, Crocidura lasiura

The ultrastructure and histochemical characteristics of the submandibular gland was examined in the big white-toothed shrew, Crocidura lasiura. A submandibular gland of Crocidura lasiura was a mixed gland composed of serous and mucous acinar cells. Secretory granules from the acini were discharged through the intercalated duct, the granular duct and the striated duct into the oral cavity. Serous and mucous acinar cells and granular duct cells had large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosome and prominent Golgi apparatus at the basal cytoplasm of the cell, and many granules at the apical cytoplasm. Oval type serous granules had a homogeneously pale round shape of bead at the center. Mucous granules were distinct from those of the other mammalian species having variety patterns with several dense bands into homogeneous pale matrix. A serous-like secretory granules and myelin-like body were observed in the cytoplasm and the lumen of granular duct cells. The myelin-like body is a characteristic structure only reported in the salivary glands of two shrews, Suncus murinus and C. dsinezumi. Striated duct cell had numerous well-developed mitochondria but secretory granule was not shown at all.
The use of Allium cepa L. assay for toxicity bio-monitoring of hospital effluents - an Albanian case

The discharge into the environment of different effluents has been worldwide implicated particularly in water bodies’ pollution. In the current study Allium cepa (L.) assay was used to biomonitor the potencial toxicity of effluents collected from the Regional Hospital of Shkodra city (Albania) during August 2013 and 2014. The onion bulbs, used as biological material, were grown in 10%, 20%, 50% and 100% concentrations of each wastewater sample. Parameters as: root length and 50% toxic effective concentration (EC 50 ), mitotic and phase indexes, interphase nuclear volume and DNA content, frequencies of interphase cells with micronuclei, aberrant mitotic cells with chromosome aberrations and types in root meristematic tissue, were evaluated. There was detected a noticiable effluent dose-dependence of all screened endpoints, demostrating strong phyto and geno-toxic effects of hospital wastewaters even in low dilutions. The differences between periodic assessments resulted generally non-significant, although the higher toxicity rate caused by 2013 samples. Chromosome aberrations mostly consisted of: bridges and fragments, stickiness, c-mitosis and laggard chromosomes. The findings of the present bio-monitoring are of great importance to surface and groundwater quality and ultimately to biota and human health, considering the fact that environmental waste management and legislation in Albania are not properly adequate.
Glacial survival or late glacial colonization? Phylogeography of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus) in north‐west Norway

Aim It has been proposed that the root vole subspecies, Microtus oeconomus finmarchicus, survived the last glacial period on islands on the north‐west coast of Norway. The Norwegian island of Andøya may have constituted the only site with permanent ice‐free conditions. Geological surveys and fossil finds from Andøya demonstrate that survival throughout the last glacial maximum was probably possible for some plants and animals. In this study we aim to infer the recent evolutionary history of Norwegian root vole populations and to evaluate the glacial survival hypothesis.
Monitoring codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in orchards treated with pear ester and sex pheromone combo dispensers

Monitoring codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), with its sex pheromone (E,E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol (codlemone) alone or in combination with plant volatiles (PH‐plant volatile lures) with and without the addition of an acetic acid (AA) lure was compared in apple and walnut orchards treated with PVC Cidetrak® dispensers (CM‐DA Combo) loaded with 60 mg pear ester, ethyl (E, Z)‐2,4‐decadienoate (PE) and 185 mg codlemone. Lures were also evaluated in untreated apple and walnut orchards and apple orchards treated with Cidetrak® dispensers (CM) loaded with 120 mg codlemone. Traps with codlemone lures caught more moths than PE plus AA but similar numbers as traps with the PH‐PE lure in untreated apple and walnut orchards. The PH‐PE outperformed codlemone lures in apple orchards treated with CM dispensers. Codlemone outperformed PH‐PE lures in apple but not in walnut orchards treated mid‐season with CM‐DA Combo dispensers. Combining AA with PE significantly increased moth catch and together they performed similarly to the PH‐PE lure in all dispenser treatments in apple orchards. However, adding AA with the PH‐PE lure did not increase moth catches. The addition of AA to any of the lures tested except codlemone alone significantly increased the catch of females. Adding AA to either PE or the PH‐PE lure created a similarly attractive lure in orchards treated with CM‐DA Combo dispensers. Combining (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene (DMNT) with codlemone in a combinational lure plus AA performed as well as any lure tested in apple orchards treated with CM‐DA Combo dispensers. Combinational lures loaded with either (E,E)‐farnesol, (E)‐β‐farnesene or DMNT performed significantly better than the PH‐PE lure in apple orchards treated with CM‐DA Combo dispensers only in the first generation. Both PH‐DMNT and PH‐farnesol lures were comparable to PH‐PE, except that the PH‐farnesol lure was less attractive to female moths.
Tamarisk Reproductive Phenology and Colorado River Hydrography, Southwestern USA

ABSTRACT Non-native tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) widely colonized riparian habitats and reservoir shorelines across elevation throughout the western United States during the 20th century. To improve understanding of tamarisk reproductive plasticity, we compiled elevation, date, and phenology data from specimens in Southwestern herbaria, and we conducted field studies in Glen and Grand Canyons from 1984–2009. We modeled tamarisk reproductive seed-release phenology across elevation in relation to hydrography and flow management in the Colorado River Basin. We compared the potential for tamarisk recruitment in the pre- and post-dam Colorado River mainstream with that in Lake Mead and Lake Powell reservoirs and in tributaries with low- or high-elevation headwaters. Flooding timed with seed release was likely to result in tamarisk recruitment. Conversely, planned floods from Glen Canyon Dam that specifically avoided the May-June peak tamarisk seed-release period resulted in little tamarisk recruitment downstream in Grand Canyon. Failing recruitment in the post-dam Colorado River mainstream in Grand Canyon has occurred because: (1) the spring-summer hydrograph is generally unsuitable for tamarisk seedling establishment, and (2) post-dam flooding has coarsened grain size, resulting in less stable soils with lower nutrient concentrations. Hydrograph management can result in reduced tamarisk recruitment, while poorly timed floods, simulated natural flow regimes, and unregulated tributary flows permit tamarisk establishment. We discuss tamarisk life history in relation to ongoing environmental changes in biological controls and habitat management.
Scaling of wingbeat and echolocation pulse emission rates in bats: why are aerial insectivorous bats so small?

1. It has been proposed that echolocating bats normally emit one call per wingbeat when searching for prey. The coupling of sound production with flapping makes the production of intense sound pulses cost no more in energetic terms than beating the wings and not calling, whereas calling without flapping would be energetically expensive. The scaling of wingbeat frequency and pulse repetition rate with body mass was investigated in a cross-species analysis to test the hypothesis that calling and flapping are coupled in echolocating bats. 2. For 57 species where measurements of pulse repetition rate were available, most bats (75%) emitted 0.5-2 pulses per predicted wingbeat during search phase
PARASITISMO INTESTINAL NA COMUNIDADE RURAL DE MARANCÓ, MUNICÍPIO DE SANTA BRÍGIDA, ESTADO DA BAHIA, BRASIL

Os helmintos e protozoarios que colonizam o intestino de humanos ainda constituem um dos grandes problemas de saude publica mundial, mormente em comunidades com pouca assistencia em saude, como a regiao do semiarido brasileiro. Na literatura cientifica nao existem dados epidemiologicos sobre enteroparasitos no municipio de Santa Brigida, um dos que estao na caatinga do estado da Bahia, com 12.508 moradores estabelecidos na zona rural, entre estes, os da comunidade rural de Maranco. Esta comunidade esta localizada a 18 km da sede do municipio e tem em sua abrangencia 400 familias. Foram investigadas por exame parasitologico das fezes 148 pessoas, sendo 64 homens e 84 mulheres com idades entre dois e 88 anos. Foram identificadas infeccoes por Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Iodamoeba butschlii, Giardia lamblia, Ancylostomidae, Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, e Hymenolepis nana em parasitismo monoespecifico, e em parasitismo simultânea por duas, tres e quatro especies. E possivel que o sexo dos humanos nao esteja influenciando a incidencia do parasitismo que entre os homens teve a dominância de G. lamblia e entre as mulheres de I. butschlii. A faixa etaria do hospedeiro influenciou os casos de parasitismo.
Protein Clumps Hijack Cell's Clearance System

CELL BIOLOGYParkinson's, Huntington's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and other neurodegenerative diseases are marked by big intracellular clumps of protein that scar neurons targeted by the disease, but researchers haven't known whether these protein clumps cause neurological damage themselves or are mere byproducts of some other system gone awry. Now a study on page [1552][1] suggests that protein aggregates can directly damage cells by hijacking a cellular quality control mechanism, the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The work could offer an explanation for how Alzheimer's and the human cousin of "mad cow disease" kill neurons. [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/292/5521/1552
Automatic Analysis of Activities in Sports Arenas Using Thermal Cameras

The demand for automatically gathered data is a societal trend quickly extending to all aspects of human life. Knowledge on the utilization of public facilities is of interest for optimising use and cutting expenses for the owners. Manual observations are both cumbersome and expensive, and they have a risk of incorrect results due to subjective opinions or lack of interest in the given task. In this paper we present the main results of a 5-year long research project revolving around the real-world application of automatic analysis of activities in sports arenas. Three topics are explored: Counting people, recognising activities, and estimating energy expenditure. The project is based on thermal image data, to preserve privacy while capturing video in public sports arenas. This paper aim to provide an overview of our published methods and results within these three topics and add a discussion of the results and perspectives of this research.
MORTE NEURAL E NEUROGÊNESE NO HIPOCAMPO DE RATOS APÓS ANÓXIA NEONATAL

Takada SH. Cell death and neurogenesis in rat hippocampus following neonatal anoxia. [Ph. D. thesis (Morphofunctional Sciences)]. São Paulo: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo; 2013. Neonatal anoxia, considered a worldwide clinical problem, is one of the most important causes of brain injury in neonates; it may present serious and permanent consequences in adulthood, such as cognitive and behavioral deficits, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, hearing and visual impairment. The present study aims to analyze possible longitudinal changes in neural death, cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus of rats submitted to neonatal anoxia. We used an adapted model that was validated in our laboratory (TAKADA et al., 2011), which is effective to cause neuronal, glial and behavioral sequelae in rats. For the study of neural death, we used antibodies against cleaved Caspase-3, TUNEL, Fluoro-Jade ® B (FJB) and electron microscopy. The methodology chosen for the study of proliferation and volume of subregions were stereological analysis and immunoreactivity for Ki-67, a marker of cell proliferation; to study hippocampal neurogenesis, immunofluorescence for BrdU and NeuN was used. The following results were observed: 24 hours after anoxia (P3), there was higher quantity of TUNEL+ cells in CA1 and CA2-3 and a higher quantity of FJB+ cells in CA2-3; otherwise, the stereological analysis of cleaved caspase-3 density showed no difference between groups anoxia and control in any of the studied ages (P3, P14, P21 and P60). Analysis by electron microscopy showed neurons with features of death by necrosis and continuum in CA1 and DG of P3 animals subjected to anoxia, as well as evidence that other types of death, such as autophagy, necroptosis and death by excitotoxicity were also present in these animals. We also found no differences in cell proliferation of subgranular layer of the hippocampus in these ages. The analysis of neuronal differentiation, however, proved to be reduced in adult animals. Therefore, these results showed that this model of neonatal anoxia promotes cell death in CA1 and CA2-3, and different types of neuronal death in subregions of the hippocampus of rats 24 hours after anoxia, leading to the volume increase in P14 in the CA1 region, returning to its original size and then, despite do not alter cell proliferation pattern in subgranular zone of studied ages, neonatal anoxia promotes decreased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult rats.