Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Degradation of Methyl Red Using BDD and PbO2 Anodes

The electrocatalytic properties of lead dioxide (PbO2) and boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes were compared for the electrochemical incineration of methyl red, an azo dye, using an electrolytic flow cell with parallel-plate electrodes. The effects of several operating parameters such as current density, hydrodynamic conditions, and pH on the degradation rate and current efficiency were determined. The experimental data indicate that, on PbO2 and BDD anodes, methyl red oxidation takes place by reaction with hydroxyl radicals electrogenerated from water discharge. The electro-oxidation of methyl red was found to behave as a mass-transfer-controlled process, so that the removal rate and current efficiency were enhanced by high flow rates and independent of the pH in the range of 3.0−7.0. It was also observed that the methyl red decay reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant that increased slightly with applied current at the PbO2 anode but was essentially independent of current at the.
Computational study of plasma actuator on film cooling performance for different shaped holes

An investigation on film cooling holes with plasma actuators are performed for circular hole, expansion-shaped hole and fan-shaped hole on the surface of flat plate. The results are compared with those obtained from the same combination of varied shaped holes without plasma actuator. Computational results suggest that plasma-induced body force mitigates the intensity of the counter rotating vortex pair by creating a new pair of vortexes, thereby providing greater coolant-surface attachment for each hole shape, resulting in the improvement of film cooling effectiveness. As for the holes of varied shapes with plasma actuator, the expansion-shaped hole shows superior laterally averaged film cooling effectiveness to that of the circular hole. Comparing with the abovementioned two shaped holes, the fan-shaped one performs worse in terms of laterally averaged film cooling effectiveness at low blow ratios, and better at high blow ratios. The fan-shaped hole also provides the best uniformity of film cooling effec.
Scanning dual-color cross-correlation analysis for dynamic co- localization studies of immobile molecules

Dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation analysis has proven to be a powerful tool to probe interactions of different molecular species in solution and living cells on a single molecule level. Probing the coordinated motion of molecules through the measurement volume, it is a much more selective and data-compressing alternative to co-localization analysis by dual-color imaging, and provides additional access to fast internal dynamics of the co-migrating molecules. However, cellular FCS applications often suffer from extremely low molecular mobility, introducing bleaching artifacts or entirely impeding fluctuation analyses of any kind. Thus, to meet the increasing demand for interaction measurements of nearly stationary molecules, such as receptor-ligand complexes on cell membranes, these limitations of conventional fluorescence correlation and cross-correlation analysis need to be overcome. This can be achieved by combining a piezo-driven stage scanning unit with the confocal FCS setup, minimizing the photodynamic strain imposed on immobile single molecules without compromising the relevant cross-correlation information. Different scanning patterns were chosen and the corresponding auto- and cross-correlation curves recorded for both in vitro and in vivo systems. Expectedly, the shape of the correlation curves depends crucially on the different modes of stage motion. Nevertheless, cross-correlation amplitudes clearly reflect on the presence or absence of linkages between the different molecular species. Marked differences between bound and unbound single molecules could be observed on immobilized proteins in PAA gels and on cell membranes.
Rapid thermal oxidation of GeSi strained layers

The experimental results of the rapid thermal oxidation in the initial oxidation regime of molecular beam epitaxy grown GeSi strained layers are reported. It is shown that the dry oxidation rate of GeSi is the same as that of Si at different temperatures. After a very short initial time (∼10 s), the oxide thickness appears to be a linear function of time, which suggests that the kinetics of oxide growth during dry oxidation is limited by surface reaction controlled mechanisms. Further, the oxidation rate in the thin oxide regime is not affected by the Ge content up to 20% in the GeSi strained layer for dry oxidation. Using secondary‐ion mass spectrometry, it is found that Ge is completely rejected out of the SiO2 layer which is formed during oxidation, and a Ge‐rich layer is formed at the SiO2/GeSi interface. A significant amount of Ge is found to diffuse into the underlying GeSi layer during the growth of thin oxide films.
Xylem Tracheid Development in Pinus Resinosa Seedlings in Controlled Environments

Progressive tree -ring xylem cell size changes may reveal the influence of changing environment during the growing season. This study examines xylem tracheid cell growth in red pine (Pious resinosa Ait.) seedlings grown in cabinets under controlled environment, where single parameters (temperature, light, soil moisture and CO2) were varied step -wise in each chamber at ca. 30 -day increments for ca. 6 months. Control and temperature treatments were replicated. Cross -sections (20 Am thick) sliced with a sliding microtome from each of four seedling stems from each cabinet were mounted on glass slides. Lumen diameters and cell -wall thickness were measured on 4 orthogonal tracheid radial files on 4 radii of each stem. Mean cell sizes were 11 -17 µm among treatments and growth periods, whereas numbers of cells formed averaged 0.2 -1.3 cells per day. Cell size increased throughout the experiment in most of the treatments, including one of the control treatments and those with the greatest potential to limit growth (decreasing temperature, light and soil moisture). Soil moisture was the only environmental parameter that tended to cause late declining growth, and CO, up to 500 (Amol mol -' did not appear to influence cell development. Despite a substantial range of environmental shifts in the chambers (100 p,mol mol -' CO2; 125 pEinsteins m
Alkali activation of "Pozzolan-calcium aluminate cement" mixtures

The products of the alkali activation of aluminosilicate materials, for want of reactive aluminium, may not develop mechanical strength comparable to the MPa values typical of OPC. The present study explored the effect of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) as a source of reactive aluminium on the strength of a natural pozzolan activated with 8M NaOH. Mixed with the sodium solution and stored at 85 oC, the pozzolan failed to harden after 24 hours. It did harden, however, when 30% CAC was added to the system, reaching a compressive strength of 22 MPa under identical experimental conditions. The CAC alone developed strength of 10 MPa under these conditions. Microstructural characterization of the reaction products appeared to indicate that the CAC in fact yielded part of its aluminium to the system, prompting the conversion of the pozzolan into a cementitious alkaline aluminosilicate gel.
E-commerce and Online Consumer Behavior in India: A Literature Review

The past decade we all have witnessed disrupting innovation with the increase in devices to use Internet and with increase in Internet penetration. Today, online shopping in India is becoming a common practice. Online shopping is more accessible than it has ever been in the digital era with the introduction of tablets, smartphones, easy checkout systems and more secure systems. M-commerce is facilitating this practice and a critical contributing factor for rise in numbers of customers shopping online. As a result, the E-commerce industry is generating higher sales volume. E-tailors are constantly toiling to break the barriers of online shopping. Today the factors which were earlier were barrier in shopping online, now becoming dominant factors of shopping online such as secure mode of payment, web stores' layout for ease of use, building trust through celebrity endorsements to name a few. This study attempts to bring together some of the recently published studies nationally and internationally to examine how E-commerce is shaping the future of business, the role of technology and changing behavior of customers towards online buying.
Determination of the Trans -resveratrol content of Champagne wines by reversed-phase HPLC

Levels of trans-resveratrol in Champagne wines were determined by the use of reversed-phase HPLC with UV and fluorometric detection after liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Resveratrol concentrations in Champagne wines range from 20 to 77 μg/L except for the Champagne rose in which resveratrol reaches several hundred micrograms per litre. The resveratrol content of Champagne wines was also shown to decrease with aging on lees.
Editorial: Microfluidics and mass spectrometry in drug discovery and development: from synthesis to evaluation

Because of the current unmet medical needs, new drugs are urgently required. In this context, the activities related to drug discovery and development play a key role, allowing the delivery of new drugs to the market, and thus available at the pharmacy shelf (Vohora and Singh, 2017). Traditionally, with regards to drug discovery, the main source of new drug entities was represented by natural molecules, but during the last decades there was a shift toward high-throughput synthesis and combinatorial chemistry-based development (Alhakamy et al., 2020; Berdigaliyev and Aljofan, 2020). The aim of the “discovery phase,” including numerous processes such as target identification and validation, is the identification of a drug candidate for further development, while the “development phase” relates to the optimization of chemical synthesis, the formulation as well as the preclinical toxicological studies, the clinical trials, and, in the best scenario, the regulatory approval. Both phases are very expensive and time-consuming, and most of the time, despite the identification of thousands of drug candidates, none or very few of them will be approved. Studies considering all therapeutic areas indicate that the development of a new drug will take an average of 10–15 years (or even longer) (Mohs and Greig, 2017), reason why new tools and innovative approaches are urgently needed to guide new drug development. Microfluidics represents one of the most promising tools for this research compared to conventional drug discovery and development processes, allowing, among other things, systemminiaturization, small sample consumption, and a highly controlled environment for drug synthesis and drug delivery system fabrication (Caruso et al., 2020). Microfluidic technologies also offer the ability to mimic both physiological and pathological conditions observed in vivo, and, very importantly, are compatible with several analytical strategies for high throughput drug screening and evaluations, including mass spectrometry (MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), two well-established methods employed in drug discovery and development (Wilson, 2011). There are three original research and one review articles in this Research Topic. OPEN ACCESS
Process Standardization for Development of Spray‐Dried Lemon Juice Powder and Optimization of Amla‐Lemon Based RTS (Ready‐to‐Serve) Drink Using Response Surface Methodology

Lemon juice powder was obtained from its juice under optimized conditions by spray drying with maltodextrin at 10, 15 and 20% levels. The effect of inlet temperatures of 125, 150, 175 and 200C and maltodextrin levels on the physicochemical properties, total phenolic content (TPC) and diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of spray-dried lemon juice powder was studied. Spray-dried lemon juice powder was incorporated with spray-dried amla juice powder (processing conditions optimized in previous reported work) to develop a dry mix for ready-to-serve (RTS) drink along with citric acid and glucose. Spray-dried lemon juice powder was used to enhance the acceptability and nutritive value of amla-based RTS fruit drink. The amla-lemon based RTS drink had good nutritional quality and TPC. Refrigerated storage with nitrogen flushing prevented color change and reduced TPC and DPPH loss. The optimized product got good scores on sensory evaluation. Practical Applications Amla and lemon fruits are known for their health benefits. The present investigation studied the effect of spray drying conditions on total phenolic content and DPPH* radical scavenging activity of the spray-dried lemon powder. Spray-dried lemon powder may be used for further product development and also to enrich the functional and nutritive properties of the food. The present investigation also optimized the amla-lemon based RTS drink and also studied the storage stability of the developed RTS drink.
Exposure factors manual

Abstract Assessing health risks associated with potential exposure to chemicals from petroleum or petrochemical operations requires the consideration of multiple exposure pathways. These pathways include ingestion of water, food, or soil, inhalation of vapors or airborne paniculate, and dermal absorption from contaminated soil, water, or by direct skin contact. To estimate the exposures for each pathway, a number of variables related to exposure, that is, exposure factors, are needed. Some categories of exposure factors include physiologic factors (e.g., body weight), time‐activity factors (e.g., time spent at home), and contact rate factors (e.g., soil ingestion rate). This manual is organized by exposure factor category and includes a description of selected exposure factors commonly used in risk assessments, a brief summary, and an evaluation of the current scientific data supporting a recommended point value for each factor, and available information on the known distributions. It is hoped that this i.
An Efficient Local Search algorithm for Over-Constrained CSPs

In industrial experiences of solving constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), we may often meet an over-constraint situation, which means that we cannot find a solution that satisfies all the constraints. In such situations, the classical CSP is usually extended to take into account costs, preferences, etc. The new objective is usually to minimize the total constraint violation cost or other criterions. The new problems can be described as valued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSP). VCSP can hardly be resolved by the classical constraint satisfying techniques, and this paper provides an application of the Guided Local Search in solving VCSPs.
Multiple scattering of 5-30 keV electrons in evaporated metal films II: Range-energy relations

The ranges of electrons in evaporated films of aluminium, copper, silver and gold have been measured for incident energies E0 between 5 and 20 keV. From electron transmission measurements the maximum range and the extrapolated range were determined. Energy loss measurements gave the mean range and the Thomson-Whiddington range, corresponding to the mean energy Em and the most probable energy Ep of the beam, respectively. The mean range, which is directly comparable with that given by the Bethe energy loss law, is found not to be identical with the maximum range as assumed by some authors. In view of its dependence on the experimental conditions, the maximum range appears to have little practical and no theoretical value, whereas the extrapolated range Rx is a reproducible quantity. The extrapolated mass-range ρRx is proportional to E03/2 and is almost independent of atomic number in the energy range studied. A relationship between Rx and the Lenard absorption coefficient is found to exist. The Thomson-Whiddington `constant' does not have a unique value even for a given element at a given value of E0 because the relation between thickness and Ep2 is not linear for very thin films. The form of this relation agrees with that predicted by the Landau energy loss expression, but the experimental values of Ep are 25-30% below the theoretical values. A square law is, however, strictly valid for the mean energy Em and gives an unambiguous definition of the range. Differences between the rate of fall of Em2 with thickness and that predicted by the Bethe energy loss law are qualitatively explained in terms of the variation of elastic scattering with Z and E0. The mean energy loss is always greater than predicted by the Bethe law, whilst the most probable loss is less than predicted by the Landau expression and always much less than the mean loss. In the thinnest films the magnitude of the most probable loss is about 15% greater than that expected from the characteristic (`plasma') energy loss; in thicker films it is three to five times greater. In general the differently defined ranges bear a simple relation to each other and to the `ultimate' range RB found by integrating the Bethe energy loss expression, but departures from this scaling rule are found below 10 keV. Extrapolation of the (Rx, RB) plot yields an intercept similar to that found in phosphors by Ehrenberg and King, but an order of magnitude smaller. The fact that both Rx and Rmax are appreciably greater than RB at low energies, especially in Al, is explained as due to the neglect of straggling of energy losses in deriving the Bethe expression.
Etude expérimentale et théorique de la structure électronique de l'aluminium en conditions extrêmes par spectroscopie d'absorption X

La matiere en conditions extremes appartient au regime de la Warm Dense Matter qui se situe a la frontiere entre le regime plasma dense et le regime de la matiere condensee. Son comportement est encore mal connu et mal decrit. En effet, sa description theorique est tres complexe et il est difficile de generer cet etat de matiere en laboratoire pour obtenir des donnees experimentales pouvant valider les modeles. Ce travail de these a pour objectif d'etudier la structure electronique de l'aluminium en conditions extremes par le diagnostic de la spectroscopie d'absorption X. Experimentalement l'aluminium a ete porte dans des conditions de fortes densites et fortes temperatures jusque-la inexplorees. Par ailleurs, une source X capable de sonder l'aluminium sous choc a ete generee. Deux spectrometres X ont permis l'acquisition des spectres d'absorption de l'aluminium dans ces conditions et des diagnostics optiques ont permis de deduire les conditions de densite et de temperature de l'aluminium de facon independante. En parallele, des calculs ab initio ont ete realises pour obtenir des spectres d'absorption dans les memes conditions afin de les comparer aux spectres experimentaux. Du point de vue theorique, l'objectif etait de valider les methodes de calcul des spectres d'absorption X dans ce regime de fortes densites et fortes temperatures en analysant les modifications du flanc d'absorption. Le diagnostic de l'absorption X a egalement ete utilise pour etudier le phenomene physique de la transition metal-non metal qui a lieu a basse densite (densite < densite du solide). Cette transition peut alors etre etudiee par les changements de la structure electronique du systeme etudie.
Morphological Evolution and Optical Properties of Dumbbell-shaped ZnO Aggregates

Dumbbell-shaped ZnO aggregates have been successfully prepared via a facile hydrothermal process in aqueous solution of glycine. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Results indicate that ZnO samples have a three-stage evolution process based on their unusual crystallographic nature. In the formation process of the ZnO hierarchical structure, a distinct morphology transformation course can be observed – from hexagonal submicrometer prisms to twinned crystals, and to dumbbell-shaped aggregates in aqueous solution of glycine.
Numerical modeling of the temperature illumination intensity dependent performance of CIS solar cells

In this paper, the temperature dependence of CIS solar cell illuminated I-V is studied numerically using ADEPT. The effects of having a second junction either at the interface or at the back contact are investigated. These two placements of the second junction result in two distinctive shapes of the I-V at low temperatures. Both of these distinctive shapes have been observed experimentally.
Interpretation of the unusual behavior of H2O and D2O at low temperatures: Tests of a percolation model

The unusual low‐temperature behavior of liquid water is interpreted using a simple model based upon connectivity concepts from correlated‐site percolation theory. Emphasis is placed on examining the physical implications of the continuous hydrogen‐bonded network (or ’’gel’’) formed by water molecules. Each water molecule A is assigned to one of five species based on the number of ’’intact bonds’’ (the number of other molecules whose interaction energy with A is stronger than some cutoff VHB). It is demonstrated that in the present model the spatial positions of the various species are not randomly distributed but rather are correlated. In particular, it is seen that the infinite hydrogen‐bonded network contains tiny ’’patches’’ of four‐bonded molecules. Well‐defined predictions based upon the putative presence of these tiny patches are developed. In particular, we predict the detailed dependence upon (a) temperature, (b) dilution with the isotope D2O, (c) hydrostatic pressure greater than atmospheric, and.
Meat oxidative stability and growth performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with different levels of chromium picolinate.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of different levels of chromium picolinate on broiler performance and lipid oxidation in their breast and thigh muscles stored chilled for different periods. Two hundreds and forty male broilers (Ross 308) allocated to four treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments supplemented with 0 (control), 500, 1000 or 1500 ppb Cr in the form of chromium picolinate. Each treatment consisted of 4 pens with 15 birds in each pen. Birds were raised from 5 to 42 days of age. The experiment was conducted during summer and all birds kept under temperature of 33 ± 3 °C. Birds were fed ad libitum with a corn-soybean meal basal diet for starting (5-21d) and finishing (21-42d) periods. Feed intake and body weight were measured at 21 and 42 days of age. Twelve chicks from each treatment slaughtered at 42d, skinless and deboned breast and thigh meat were stored in refrigerator (4°C) during 2 and 6 days to measure meat stability using TBARS methods. Body weight of broilers fed supplemental chromium for 21 and 42 days increased significantly (P<0.05). Body weight gain and feed intake of broilers fed 1500 ppb Cr increased (P<0.01) at 5 to 21 and 5 to 42 days of age. No significant difference in feed conversion was observed. Tissue type (breast and thigh muscles) and storage time significantly influenced TBARs value (P<0.05). TBARs value (mg malonaldehyde/ kg meat) of thigh muscle in each storage time was higher than breast muscle (P<0.05). Overall TBARs values of the tissues, especially in thigh meat, significantly increased as their storage time increased from 2 to 6 days. It was also found that increasing dietary chromium supplementation, especially 1500 ppb Cr, significantly decreased lipid oxidation and TBARs value of thigh and breast muscle for 2d storage (P<0.05). On the 6 days of storage, dietary Cr supplement not significantly tended to decrease lipid oxidation of breast and thigh muscles. The results show that in heat stress condition, supplemental chromium especially 1500 ppb improved performance and oxidative stability of thigh and breast meat of broiler during refrigerated storage.