Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skin Facilitates Candida albicans Mating

ABSTRACT Mating between natural a/a and α/α strains of Candida albicans requires that cells first switch from the white to opaque phase phenotype. However, because cells expressing the opaque phase phenotype are induced to switch back to the white phase phenotype at physiological temperature (37°C) and because opaque phase cells are highly efficient at colonizing skin, we tested whether skin, which is several degrees lower than physiological temperature, is conducive to mating. Using a model in which a mixture of a/a and α/α cells are incubated for 24 h under a cotton patch on the hairless skin of newborn mice and using scanning electron microscopy to visualize cells on skin, it was demonstrated that skin facilitates mating. In some regions of the skin, 40% of all cells had fused. All of the stages of mating observed in vitro were observed in vivo. However, some unique morphological characteristics of mating on skin were observed and are attributable to parent cell immobilization on the skin. In control experiments on glass, plastic, and silicone elastomer surfaces at 32°C, cells either failed to fuse or did so at an extremely low frequency, suggesting that unique features of the skin surface other than reduced temperature also facilitate fusion.
ALPHA‐ AND BETA‐THALASSEMIA IN THAILAND *

In Thailand, both aand P-thalassemia are widespread and there is more than one subtype in each variety. Hemoglobin (Hb) E which is a2, p;6G'u+Lys (Hunt & Ingram, 1959) is remarkably frequent (Na-Nakorn et al . , 1956; Sundharagiati et al., 1958, 1959a, 1959b; Flatz et al., 1965; Wasi et al., 1967a), reaching 50 percent in certain areas. These abnormal genes in different combinations result in a spectrum of syndromes ranging from asymptomatic heterozygotes to lethal H b Bart's hydrops fetalis. Attempts have been made to characterize the various genotypes by clinical, hematologic, biochemical, genetic and cord blood studies. This paper summarizes the manifestations of these syndromes, with particular emphasis on the diseased forms.
Formin binding proteins bear WWP/WW domains that bind proline‐rich peptides and functionally resemble SH3 domains.

The formins, proteins involved in murine limb and kidney development, contain a proline‐rich region that matches consensus sequences for Src homology 3 (SH3) ligands. To identify proteins that interact with formins, we used this proline‐rich region to screen mouse limb bud expression libraries for formin binding proteins (FBPs). As expected, we found one class of FBPs that contains SH3 domains, including two novel members of this class. In addition, however, we also found a novel class of FBPs that contains one or two copies of a 26 amino acid homology region that has been recently termed the WWP or WW motif. We demonstrate that WWP/WW domains as short as 26 amino acids can act as modular protein‐binding interfaces that bind with high affinity to proline‐rich sequences that are similar and, in some cases, identical to SH3 ligands. Furthermore, we find that the WWP/WW domain can compete with the Abl SH3 domain in binding a proline‐rich peptide present in formin. Our results suggest that these novel protein interaction domains can perform functions similar to those of SH3 domains and, thus, might regulate SH3 interactions with target proteins through competitive binding.
Review of four tests of gross motor development

In 1937, Orton1 described children with motor coordination difficulties as ‘clumsy’, a term still used today. Other terms used to describe these difficulties include developmental dyspraxia, awkwardness, motor learning problems, and most recently, developmental coordination disorder (DCD). DCD is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) as a ‘marked impairment in the development of motor coordination [that]. interferes with academic achievement or activities of daily living’. 2 The impaired coordination is present in the absence of a known medical condition such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy. The heterogeneity of the motor and cognitive abilities of children included in this classification, and the numerous terms employed to describe them, have hindered systematic accumulation of knowledge about DCD. Currently, children with motor coordination difficulties are identified early in order to receive timely and appropriate intervention. This is despite a lack of strong evidence to support early intervention strategies. Two recent reviews concluded that various interventions for DCD do not result in significant improvement of motor abilities.3, 4 In addition, symptoms of motor coordination problems appear to resolve in a large number of young children.5 However, Schoemaker and coworkers6 report that significant improvements in motor abilities were observed following three months of sensorimotor training and neurodevelopmental treatment. Evidence that clumsiness in early school years is strongly associated with subsequent identification of academic difficulties and psychological problems,7–9 supports current early screening and intervention philosophies. This paper reviews four tests of motor development frequently used to assess and evaluate children with movement difficulties: (1) the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP);10 (2) the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC);11 (3) the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS);12 and (4) the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD). 13 A brief review of general issues of test evaluation is presented, followed by individual reviews of the four tests. Finally, we discuss broader assessment issues and the relative merits and disadvantages of each test. The tests were selected based on the high frequency of use reported by professionals who work with school-aged children with motor coordination difficulties.14
Phosphate Elimination in Modalities of Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis

Hyperphosphatemia is highly prevalent in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Elimination of inorganic phosphate by dialysis is a cornerstone of the management of hyperphosphatemia. Phosphate clearance during HD is affected by various factors of dialysis prescription, such as blood and dialysate flow rate, dialyzer membrane surface area and ultrafiltration volume. Phosphate mass removal can be improved by hemodiafiltration, increased dialysis frequencies and extended treatment times. Short daily or extended daily or 3 times weekly nocturnal HD allow higher phosphate mass removal and potentially complete discontinuation of phosphate binder medication. In PD, phosphate mass removal appears to be correlated with peritoneal creatinine but not urea clearance. In hyperphosphatemic PD patients, the decision on the optimal PD modality should be based on peritoneal creatinine and ideally also on peritoneal phosphate transport characteristics.
Photoperiodic Polyphenisms in Rodents: Neuroendocrine Mechanisms, Costs, and Functions

Annual changes in daylength figure prominently in the generation of seasonal rhythms in reproduction, and a wide variety of mammals use ambient photoperiod as a proximate cue to time critical reproductive events. Nevertheless, within many reproductively photoperiodic mammalian species, there exist individuals-termed "photoperiod nonresponders"-that fail to adopt a seasonal breeding strategy and instead exhibit reproductive competence at a time of year when their conspecifics are reproductively quiescent. Photoperiod nonresponsiveness has been principally characterized by laboratory observations-over half of the species known to be reproductively photoperiodic contain a proportion of nonresponsive individuals. The study of nonresponders has generated basic insights regarding photic regulation of reproduction in mammals. The neuroendocrine mechanisms by which the short-day photoperiodic signal is degraded or lost in nonresponders varies between species: differences in features of the circadian pacemaker, which provides photoperiodic input to the reproductive neuroendocrine system, have been identified in hamsters; changes in the responsiveness of hypothalamic gonadotrophs to melatonin and as-yet-unspecified inhibitory signals have been implicated in voles and mice. Individuals that continue to breed when their conspecifics refrain might enjoy higher fitness under certain circumstances. Statements regarding the adaptive function of reproductive nonresponsiveness to photoperiod require additional information on the costs (metabolic and fitness) of sustaining reproductive function during the winter months and how these costs vary as a function of environmental conditions. Reproductive nonresponders thus continue to represent a challenge to theories that extol the adaptive function of seasonality. Several nonexclusive hypotheses are proposed to account for the maintenance of nonresponsive individuals in wild rodent populations.
Community and foodweb ecology of freshwater mussels

Abstract Freshwater mussel (Superfamily Unionoidea) communities are important components of food webs, and they link and influence multiple trophic levels. Mussels filter food from both the water column and sediment with ciliated gills. Differences in cilia structure and arrangement might allow mussel species to partition food resources. Mussels are omnivores that feed across trophic levels on bacteria, algae, detritus, zooplankton, and perhaps, dissolved organic matter. Living mussels and their spent shells provide or improve habitat for other organisms by providing physical structure, stabilizing and bioturbating sediments, and influencing food availability directly and indirectly through biodeposition of organic matter and nutrient excretion. Effects of mussel communities on nutrient translocation and cycling depend on mussel abundance, species composition, and environmental conditions. Nutrient-related mussel effects influence multiple trophic levels. Healthy mussel communities occur as multispecies assemblages in which species interactions are probably very important. Food limitation and competition among species have been documented, but so have positive species interactions, and rare species have been shown to benefit energetically from living in species-rich communities. Effects of mussel species on ecosystem services and food webs vary across spatial and temporal scales, and the relative importance of competition and facilitation might change at different scales.
Decreased Number of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is nowadays regarded as a systemic disease associated with metabolic syndrome. Some recent studies have also demonstrated an increased cardiovascular risk in patients with HS. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an integral role in the regulation and protection of the endothelium and in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the possible alterations in the number of EPCs in patients with HS compared to controls. Methods: The number of EPCs, identified as CD133+/KDR+ cells, was determined with flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of 25 HS patients and 31 controls. Results: The number of EPCs was significantly reduced in HS sufferers compared with controls (p < 0.0001). The mean number of EPCs was assessed as 191.3 ± 118.5/ml and 672.4 ± 343.0/ml for patients and controls, respectively. Conclusion: A decreased number of EPCs among HS sufferers may contribute to endothelial malfunction resulting in increased cardiovascular risk in this group of patients.
Overview of the DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop

The aim of the first joint Speech and Natural Language Workshop was to bring together these two research communities, to interchange technical information, to reflect on past successes and to define future directions for Spoken Language research. The overall organization of the technical program was designed 1) to establish some common reference points by assessing the current state of the a r t in both Speech Recognition and Natural Language Processing; 2) to cross-educate researchers in the discipline of lesser familiarity; 3) to highlight areas of common interest, namely prosodics, spoken language systems, and development of shared resources; and 4) to present current research results in both fields.
Estimating the costs associated with endemic diseases of dairy cattle

A number of endemic diseases of dairy cattle cause significant losses to the dairy industry in the mainland UK (England, Scotland and Wales), both in terms of the reductions in output levels or wastage of resources incurred and the resource costs of disease prevention and treatment (Esslemont & Spincer, 1993; Esslemont & Kossaibati, 1996). Various studies have estimated the costs associated with different diseases (Bennett, 1992). However, these studies use different methods of assessment, relate to different populations at risk, refer to different points in time and utilize different ways of measuring disease and valuations of the effects of disease on production. Thus, it is difficult to use these studies for any comparative assessment of the magnitude of output losses and resource wastage incurred as a result of different diseases. Such information is useful in exploring both the economic consequences of diseases and the potential benefits of research on improved disease control (Howe, 1991; McInerney, 1996). This paper presents analyses of the impacts on production of five endemic diseases and conditions of dairy cattle in mainland UK: bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), fasciolosis, lameness, leptospirosis and mastitis (including summer mastitis). These analyses follow from a preliminary economic study of the impacts on livestock production of some 30 non-notifiable diseases and conditions of farm animals (Bennett et al. 1997). The study was funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in the UK, with the (eventual) aim of providing information to policy makers that might help them to reach decisions on allocating funds to research into livestock diseases. Full details of the analyses are available from the website address given at the end of this paper.
A class of totally antimagic total graphs

A total labeling of a graph G is a bijection from the vertex set and edge set of G onto the set {1, 2, . , |V (G)| + |E(G)|}. Such a labeling ξ is vertex-antimagic (edge-antimagic) if all vertex-weights wtξ(v) = ξ(v) + ∑ vu∈E(G) ξ(vu), v ∈ V (G), (all edge-weights wtξ(vu) = ξ(v) + ξ(vu) + ξ(u), vu ∈ E(G)) are pairwise distinct. If a labeling is simultaneously vertex-antimagic and edge-antimagic it is called a totally antimagic total labeling. A graph that admits a totally antimagic total labeling is called a totally antimagic total graph. In this paper we will introduce a large class of totally antimagic total graphs.
Positional differences in match running performance and physical collisions in men rugby sevens.

PURPOSE This study describes the physical match demands relative to positional group in male rugby sevens. METHODS Ten highly trained players were investigated during competitive matches (N = 23) using GPS technology, heart rate (HR), and video recording. RESULTS The relative distance covered by the players throughout the match was 102.3 ± 9.8 m/min. As a percentage of total distance, 35.8% (36.6 ± 5.9 m/min) was covered walking, 26.0% (26.6 ± 5.5 m/min) jogging, 10.0% (10.2 ± 2.4 m/min) running at low intensity, 14.2% (14.5 ± 4.0 m/min) at medium intensity, 4.6% (4.7 ± 1.6 m/min) at high intensity, and 9.5% (9.7 ± 3.7 m/min) sprinting. For the backs, a substantial decrease in total distance and distance covered at low, medium, and high intensity was observed in the second half. Forwards exhibited a substantial decrease in the distance covered at medium intensity, high intensity, and sprinting in the 2nd half. Backs covered substantially more total distance at medium and sprinting speeds than forwards. In addition, the maximum length of sprint runs was substantially greater for the backs than forwards. On the contrary, forwards performed more tackles. The mean HR during the match in backs and forwards was similar, with the exception of time spent at HR intensities >90%HRmax, which was substantially higher in forwards. CONCLUSION These findings provide a description of the different physical demands placed on rugby sevens backs and forwards. This information may be helpful in the development of positional and/or individualized physical-fitness training programs.
A MEMS infrared thermopile with phononic crystal structures and carbon nanotube absorption layer

We have fabricated MEMS infrared thermopiles from a silicon-on-insulator substrate where the buried oxide layer was used to form a membrane for thermal isolation of the detection area. The silicon wires of the thermocouples were patterned with a phononic crystal structure that consisted of 200nm holes on a 400nm pitch. The silicon was degenerately doped using a spin on dopant process to create the p, n-type regions. The absorption layer used was a 20um tall vertically-aligned, multi-walled, carbon nanotube layer. We measured the performance of our devices to have a D∗ of 3 ∗ 10<sup>7</sup> cmHz<sup>0.5</sup>W<sup>−1</sup> and a time response of 5–8 msec. We believe the performance of our design can be improved to exceed a D∗ of 10<sup>8</sup> cmHz<sup>0.5</sup>W<sup>−1</sup> by patterning the absorption layer.
Rapid physical mapping by transposon Tn5 mutagenesis to localize the cloned yeast ILV2 gene

A rapid method for Tn5 mutagenesis of cloned genes on multicopy plasmids was used to map a yeast ILV2 mutant allele encoding a sulfometuron methyl-resistant acetolactate synthase. Twenty-one of 40 independent Tn5 insertions were within the 5.6-kilobase-pair cloned segment. Of these, seven adjacent transposition events inactivated the sulfometuron methyl resistance determinant, localizing the ILV2 gene to a minimum 1.4-kilobase-pair region.
Effect of annealing on the properties of p-type nano Zn0.92Mn0.08O∶N Films

P-type conductive Zn0.92Mn0. 08O∶N thin films have been fabricated on quartz glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering together with the direct implantation of N ions and post-annealing at appropriate condition. The XRD results indicate that all the films have c-axis preferred orientation, no manganese oxide or nitride phase were detected in both the as-deposited and the annealed films. The Mn-N co-doped ZnO films annealed at 650°C from 10 to 30 minutes show good p-type conductivity with the hole concentration of 1016–1017cm−3. Owing to electrical activation, a lot of N on substitutional sites can distribute into O site, coming into being N-Mn or N-Zn bonds as the activated acceptor which would induce low resistivity p-type conduction. The band gaps of Mn-N co-doped ZnO films are slightly lower than that of undoped ZnO film(3.29eV).
Individual Heart Rate Variability Responses to Preseason Training in High Level Female Soccer Players

Abstract Flatt, AA, Esco, MR, and Nakamura, FY. Individual heart rate variability responses to preseason training in high level female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 531–538, 2017—The purpose of this study was to track changes in training load (TL) and recovery status indicators throughout a 2-week preseason and to interpret the meaning of these changes on an individual basis among 8 division-1 female soccer players. Weekly averages for heart rate variability (logarithm of the root mean square of successive R-R interval differences [lnRMSSD]), TL, and psychometrics were compared with effect sizes (ESs) and magnitude-based inferences. Relationships were determined with Pearson correlations. Group analysis showed a very likely moderate decrease for total TL (TTL) (TTL week 1 = 1,203 ± 198, TTL week 2 = 977 ± 288; proportion = 1/2/97, ES = −0.93) and a likely small increase in lnRMSSD (week 1 = 74.2 ± 11.1, week 2 = 78.1 ± 10.5; proportion = 81/14/5, ES = 0.35). Fatigue demonstrated a very likely small improvement (week 1 = 5.03 ± 1.09, week 2 = 5.51 ± 1.00; proportion = 95/4/1; ES = 0.45), whereas the other psychometrics did not substantially change. A very large correlation was found between changes in TL and lnRMSSD (r = −0.85), whereas large correlations were found between lnRMSSD and perceived fatigue (r = 0.56) and soreness (r = 0.54). Individual analysis suggests that 2 subjects may benefit from decreased TL, 2 subjects may benefit from increased TL, and 4 subjects may require no intervention based on their psychometric and lnRMSSD responses to the TL. Individual weekly changes in lnRMSSD varied among subjects and related strongly with individual changes in TL. Training intervention based on lnRMSSD and wellness responses may be useful for preventing the accumulation of fatigue in female soccer players.
Impacts of cue reliability and explicit instruction on visual attention

It has been known that effects of visual attention are modulated by cue validity (i.e., proportion of valid and invalid condition in a certain block). The present study aimed at examining whether the benefits (i.e., the differences of reaction times in the valid and invalid condition) were linear as a function of cue reliability. We also examined effects of explicit instruction of information regarding cue reliability on visual attention. In the experiment, we adopted a cueing paradigm in which cue reliability varied in each block (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100%). We also classified all participants into two groups: Instruction and Non-instruction groups. The results showed that the benefit was linear as a function of cue reliability regardless of instruction, which indicates that cue validity has a strong influence on visual attention compared to a cued location. We also found that reaction time in the valid condition became shorter with increased cue reliability compared to the invalid condition with decreased cue reliability, albeit only in the Instruction group. This result indicates that participants with instruction focus more on the cued location (i.e., valid condition) and not the dominant proportion of cue validity.