Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The central Arctic Ocean as a source of dimethyl sulfide

Seawater dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and distribution of phytoplankton biomass were investigated in relation to sea ice conditions, hydrography and nutrients, onboard the Swedish icebreaker Oden as a part of the International Arctic Ocean Expedition, 1991. The expedition lasted from the beginning of August until the middle of October and covered sampling between 75° to 90° N in the open waters and along the ice edge zone in the Greenland Sea-Fram Strait area as well as in the pack ice of the western part of the Nansen and Amundsen basins and in the Makarov basin. Surface seawater DMS concentrations showed a clear seasonal progression related to biological activity, ranging from 0.04 to 12 nmol dm −3 . The highest values were found in open waters along the ice edge in the beginning of August, while the lowest concentrations were measured beneath heavy pack ice in late September. On average DMS fell about 30% per week in the open waters south of and within the ice edge zone whereas a significant higher seasonal decline, about 45% per week, was observed in the pack ice during freeze-up. The importance of the phytoplankton bloom and zooplankton abundance both at the ice edge zone and in the pack ice during summer ice-melt to DMS concentrations in seawater has been demonstrated. We also demonstrated a potential for intense DMS production in the open waters in the wake of the receding ice. The extremely low surface concentrations of DMS during the freeze-up of the pack ice were probably primarily controlled by removal processes within the water column. The turnover time of DMS in the pack ice water column was calculated to be of the order of 13 days with the most effective sink seemingly of micro-biological origin. Although, our limited set of data indicated the likelyhood of a relationship between DMS and degraded phytoplankton material (phaeopigments), seawater DMS showed no simple correlation with phytoplankton standing stock over the large areas and different seasons covered. The area weighed summer and winter fluxes of DMS from the Arctic Polar Ocean to the atmosphere were estimated to be 2.0 and 0.03 μ mol m −2 day −1 , respectively. On an annual basis, winter biogenic sulfur emissions are negligible compared to the summer emissions in the region. The total emissions of marine biogenic sulfur from the Northern Hemispheric high latitudes was estimated to be approximately 4 Gmol yr −1 . DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1996. t01-1-00003.x
A constant volume Carnot engine cycle

An engine is presented such that its total volume is constant and whose cycle is the Carnot cycle as presented in the entropy-temperature picture, not as presented (by many textbooks) in the pressure-volume picture. The isothermal expansion and compression are replaced by an isothermal heat transfer between the surroundings and the engine such that there is a mass transfer between two gas reservoirs. The two reservoirs are always at the same temperature. The adiabatic expansion and compression are replaced by an adiabatic and reversible transfer of gas from one reservoir to another. Although the focus is on the working fluid being an ideal gas, the thermodynamic analysis presented can be extended easily to possible thermal electrochemical engines having a Carnot cycle characteristic. A heat engine, discussed by G.B. Baranescu (31st IECEC Conf., vol. 3, p. 713-718, 1996), is shown to be essentially one step of the present engine cycle.
ESCALA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO MOTOR DE ROSA NETO: ESTUDO LONGITUDINAL EM UMA ESCOLA DA REDE PARTICULAR DE ENSINO DE CUIABÁ-MT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o desenvolvimento motor em criancas de uma escola da rede particular de ensino de Cuiaba – MT. Assim, as praticas vivenciais nos periodos de estagios supervisionados ao longo dos quatro anos da graduacao serviram como parâmetro para a execucao deste trabalho. Aliado a isso fizemos uso de publicacoes cientificas. O objeto de estudo foi avaliar a motricidade de alunos por meio da aplicacao da bateria de testes da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor de Rosa Neto.
Infrared and Raman line shapes of dilute HOD in liquid H2O and D2O from 10 to 90 °C

A combined electronic structure/molecular dynamics approach was used to calculate infrared and isotropic Raman spectra for the OH or OD stretches of dilute HOD in D2O or H2O, respectively. The quantities needed to compute the infrared and Raman spectra were obtained from density functional theory calculations performed on clusters, generated from liquid-state configurations, containing an HOD molecule along with 4−9 solvent water molecules. The frequency, transition dipole, and isotropic transition polarizability were each empirically related to the electric field due to the solvent along the OH (or OD) bond, calculated on the H (or D) atom of interest. The frequency and transition dipole moment of the OH (or OD) stretch of the HOD molecule were found to be very sensitive to its instantaneous solvent environment, as opposed to the isotropic transition polarizability, which was found to be relatively insensitive to environment. Infrared and isotropic Raman spectra were computed within a molecular dynamics .
Low temperature neutron diffraction study of MgCr2O4 spinel

The low temperature structural and magnetic transition in the normal spinel MgCr2O4 has been studied using high resolution neutron powder diffraction. The transition from a cubic, paramagnetic phase (space group , a = 8.3329(1) Å at 19 K) to a tetragonal, antiferromagnetically ordered structure (I41/amd, a = 5.8961(1) and c = 8.3211(1) Å at 10 K) occurs via a sharp first order transition at 12.4 K. A small hysteresis of 0.15 K between cooling and warming experiments is observed. The structural and magnetic transitions are coincident and their order parameters (the tetragonal strain and Cr moment) scale with each other. The structural transition partially relieves magnetic frustration in the Cr network, although remaining frustration is evident from the low value (1.63 µB) of the saturated Cr3+ moment.
Determinação de nitrosaminas volateis em salsichas "hot dog"

Nitrito e nitrato sao os principais ingredientes usados no processo de cura conferindo aroma e cor avermelhada caracteristicos dos produtos curados como, por exemplo, a salsicha e atuando como antioxidantes e antimicrobianos, impedindo o crescimento de Clostridium botulinum. O efeito toxico mais relevante da presenca de nitrato e nitrito e a formacao de nitrosaminas as quais sao compostos N-nitroso que podem ser formados da reacao de agentes nitrosantes com aminas secundarias ou terciaerias. a maior exposicao a estes compostos acontece atraves dos alimentos, onde o modo de preparo e processamento tem grande influencia na quantidade de nitrosaminas presente no alimento, sendo que a formacao de nitrosaminas durante o processamento pode ser reduzida por incorporacao de inibidores, tais como, acido ascorbico ou xtocoferol. A nitrosaminas volateis sao as que mais ocorrem em alimentos, e sao potentes carcinogenos em animais de laboratorio induzindo tumores em varios orgaos. O proposito do presente estudo foi otimizar e validar o metodo de amostragem "headspace" por microestracao em fase solida (SPME, do ingles Solid Phase Microextraction) usando cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um dectector de quimioluminescencia ) TEA, do ingles Thermal Energy Analyser) para a determinacao de nitrosaminas volateis em salsichas "hot-dog". As amostras foram adquiridas bo comercio da cidade de Campinas, Sao Paulo. Nas amostras analisadas nao foram encontradas nitrosaminas volateis em niveis detectaveis. Diferentes modos de preparo, como cozimento em agua e fritura, nao contribuiram para a formacao de nitosaminas. Os resultados indicam a ausencia de nitrosaminas nas amostras analisadas devido, possivelmente, aos baixos teores de nitrito disponivel para a reacao com as aminas prsentes na carne e/ou pela acao efetiva do ascorbato de sodio atuando como inibidor da formacao de nitrosaminas. Abstract
Deep Fourier Kernel for Self-Attentive Point Processes

We present a novel attention-based model for discrete event data to capture complex non-linear temporal dependence structure. We borrow the idea from the attention mechanism and incorporate it into the conditional intensity function of the point processes. We further introduce a novel score function using Fourier kernel embedding, whose spectrum is represented using neural networks, which drastically differs from the traditional dot-product kernel and can capture a more complex similarity structure. We establish the theoretical properties of our approach and demonstrate our approach's competitive performance compared to the state-of-the-art for synthetic and real data.
Modelling of the reactive synthesis of ultra-fine powders in a thermal plasma reactor

A two-dimensional, chemical kinetics and aerosol growth model is developed for the comprehensive simulation of the reactive synthesis of ultra-fine particles in a thermal plasma reactor. The model solves the velocity and temperature fields that are coupled to the equations describing the electromagnetic induction field. Conservation equations for the plasma species consider the multi-component diffusion and chemical reactions. For the condensable product, an additional term is introduced, due to the phase change. Particle growth occurs via homogeneous nucleation and surface condensation, and an evaporation term is considered for concentrations below saturation. The model is applied to the synthesis of silicon metal powders by the dissociation of . The effect of the input power and that of the radial quenching are investigated by comparison with a simulation base case.
Engaging Indigenous peoples in research on commercial tobacco control: a scoping review

Commercial tobacco products are a leading contributor to health disparities for many Indigenous peoples. Mainstream interventions developed for non-Indigenous peoples have been found less effective at addressing these disparities. Meaningful engagement is needed to develop effective measures but there are limited understandings of what engagement means in practice. We conduct a scoping review of studies self-reporting engagement with Indigenous peoples; assess their engagement against ethics guidelines concerning research involving Indigenous peoples and writings of Indigenous scholars; and draw lessons for advancing practice. We found engagement of Indigenous peoples in tobacco control research is practiced in varied ways—who conducts the research, who is engaged with, for what purpose, at what research steps, and what approaches are applied. Engagement ranges from limited to deeper commitment to research as decolonizing practice. Critical reflection along five questions can advance research practice for this purpose.
Development of the female gametophyte of Agave colimana, subgenus Littaea (Asparagaceae)1

Abstract. Agave colimana, subgenus Littaea (Asparagaceae) is a wild plant that belongs to the Asparagaceae family, and in this species, the formation of its female reproductive system is unknown, probably because it has no commercial use. However, A. colimana recently has been considered as a candidate for marketing as a succulent plant because of its floral and growth architecture. Knowledge about aspects of the formation of the embryo sac is useful for understanding its sexual reproduction, which is important for propagation by seed and breeding purposes. Megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis were studied using Feulgen staining under confocal microscopy. Megasporogenesis resulted in the formation of a linear tetrad with the functional megaspore attached to the chalazal end. Subsequently, megagametogenesis from the functional megaspore was followed by three mitotic divisions generating an embryo sac with seven cells: two synergid cells, one egg cell, three antipodal cells, and one central cell with a 2n nucleus. The embryo sac of Agave colimana was found to be monosporic of the Polygonum-type considered as the typical type in the majority of angiosperm plants. Also, abnormal embryo sacs were observed, following possible errors during meiosis.
Progress in the Understanding of the Mechanism of Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer

Tamoxifen is a drug commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer, especially for postmenopausal patients. However, its efficacy is limited by the development of drug resistance. Downregulation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is an important mechanism of tamoxifen resistance. In recent years, with progress in research into the protective autophagy of drug-resistant cells and cell cycle regulators, major breakthroughs have been made in research on tamoxifen resistance. For a better understanding of the mechanism of tamoxifen resistance, protective autophagy, cell cycle regulators, and some transcription factors and enzymes regulating the expression of the estrogen receptor are summarized in this review. In addition, recent progress in reducing resistance to tamoxifen is reviewed. Finally, we discuss the possible research directions into tamoxifen resistance in the future to provide assistance for the clinical treatment of breast cancer.
Resolvins: Potent Pain Inhibiting Lipid Mediators via Transient Receptor Potential Regulation

Chronic pain is a serious condition that occurs in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS). It is caused by inflammation or nerve damage that induces the release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells and/or protein kinase activation in neuronal cells. Both nervous systems are closely linked; therefore, inflammation or nerve damage in the PNS can affect the CNS (central sensitization). In this process, nociceptive transient receptor potential (TRP) channel activation and expression are increased. As a result, nociceptive neurons are activated, and pain signals to the brain are amplified and prolonged. In other words, suppressing the onset of pain signals in the PNS can suppress pain signals to the CNS. Resolvins, endogenous lipid mediators generated during the resolution phase of acute inflammation, inhibit nociceptive TRP ion channels and alleviate chronic pain. This paper summarizes the effect of resolvins in chronic pain control and discusses future scientific perspectives. Further study on the effect of resolvins on neuropathic pain will expand the scope of pain research.
Enhance Ocean Carbon Observations: Successful Implementation of a Novel Autonomous Total Alkalinity Analyzer on a Ship of Opportunity

Over recent decades, observations based on merchant vessels (Ships of Opportunity—SOOP) equipped with sensors measuring the CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) in the surface seawater formed the backbone of the global ocean carbon observation system. However, the restriction to pCO2 measurements alone is one severe shortcoming of the current SOOP observatory. Full insight into the marine inorganic carbon system requires the measurement of at least two of the four measurable variables which are pCO2, total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and pH. One workaround is to estimate TA values based on established temperature-salinity parameterizations, but this leads to higher uncertainties and the possibility of regional and/or seasonal biases. Therefore, autonomous SOOP-based TA measurements are of great interest. Our study describes the implementation of a novel autonomous analyzer for seawater TA, the CONTROS HydroFIAⓇ TA system (-4H-JENA engineering GmbH, Germany) for unattended routine TA measurements on a SOOP line operating in the North Atlantic. We present the installation in detail and address major issues encountered with autonomous measurements using this analyzer, e.g., automated cleaning and stabilization routines, and waste handling. Another issue during long-term deployments is the provision of reference seawater in large-volume containers for quality assurance measurements and drift correction. Hence, a stable large-volume seawater storage had to be found. We tested several container types with respect to their suitability to store seawater over a time period of 30 days without significant changes in TA. Only one gas sampling bag made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) satisfied the high stability requirement. In order to prove the performance of the entire setup, we compared the autonomous TA measurements with TA from discrete samples taken during the first two trans-Atlantic crossings. Although the measurement accuracy in unattended mode (about ± 5 μmol kg^-1) slightly deteriorated compared to our previous system characterization, its overall uncertainty fulfilled requirements for autonomous TA measurements on SOOP lines. A comparison with predicted TA values based on an established and often used parameterization pointed at regional and seasonal limitations of such TA predictions. Consequently, TA observations with better coverage of spatiotemporal variability are needed, which is now possible with the method described here.
Patterned Aqueous Growth of Single Crystalline Zinc Oxide for Photonic Applications

Typically a top-down approach is used in the fabrication of functional nanodevices beginning with the bulk material and imposing a two or three-dimensional structure on the material through a combination of lithography and etching. Pre-patterning of a substrate, resulting in the selective growth of a material, has potential for forming three-dimensional device structures in ways that can be more efficient and which can avoid process complexity and process induced damage. In this thesis, the low temperature (90°C) aqueous growth of complex, single crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) three-dimensional devices through prepatterned micron and nanometer sized molds is presented. This work focuses on the quality of the single crystalline ZnO material, the constrained growth of ZnO through various sizes and shapes of molds, and the fabrication of several device structures including pillars, rings, and photonic crystals. Due to their single crystalline nature and crystallographically smooth sidewalls, photonic devices created using this growth method have the potential to outperform traditionally fabricated structures in a range of optoelectronic applications. In addition, metal-oxide interfaces are the critical components of many electrical and optical devices, and it is rare to find epitaxial metal-oxide structures. In this work, the first demonstration of low temperature, epitaxial growth of ZnO on single crystalline gold plates is presented. The quality and structure of the ZnO on the gold plates is investigated using
Pt/MOx/SiO2, Pt/MOx/TiO2, and Pt/MOx/Al2O3 Catalysts for CO Oxidation

Conventional supported Pt catalysts have often been prepared by loading Pt onto commercial supports, such as SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, and carbon. These catalysts usually have simple metal-support (i.e., Pt-SiO2) interfaces. To tune the catalytic performance of supported Pt catalysts, it is desirable to modify the metal-support interfaces by incorporating an oxide additive into the catalyst formula. Here we prepared three series of metal oxide-modified Pt catalysts (i.e., Pt/MOx/SiO2, Pt/MOx/TiO2, and Pt/MOx/Al2O3, where M = Al, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ba, La) for CO oxidation. Among them, Pt/CoOx/SiO2, Pt/CoOx/TiO2, and Pt/CoOx/Al2O3 showed the highest catalytic activities. Relevant samples were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), CO temperature-programmed desorption (CO-TPD), O2 temperature-programmed desorption (O2-TPD), and CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD).
A One-Dimensional CNN-LSTM Model for Epileptic Seizure Recognition Using EEG Signal Analysis

Frequent epileptic seizures cause damage to the human brain, resulting in memory impairment, mental decline, and so on. Therefore, it is important to detect epileptic seizures and provide medical treatment in a timely manner. Currently, medical experts recognize epileptic seizure activity through the visual inspection of electroencephalographic (EEG) signal recordings of patients based on their experience, which takes much time and effort. In view of this, this paper proposes a one-dimensional convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (1D CNN-LSTM) model for automatic recognition of epileptic seizures through EEG signal analysis. Firstly, the raw EEG signal data are pre-processed and normalized. Then, a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) is designed to effectively extract the features of the normalized EEG sequence data. In addition, the extracted features are then processed by the LSTM layers in order to further extract the temporal features. After that, the output features are fed into several fully connected layers for final epileptic seizure recognition. The performance of the proposed 1D CNN-LSTM model is verified on the public UCI epileptic seizure recognition data set. Experiments results show that the proposed method achieves high recognition accuracies of 99.39% and 82.00% on the binary and five-class epileptic seizure recognition tasks, respectively. Comparing results with traditional machine learning methods including k-nearest neighbors, support vector machines, and decision trees, other deep learning methods including standard deep neural network and CNN further verify the superiority of the proposed method.
Deep Learning-based Side Channel Attack on HMAC SM3

SM3 is a Chinese hash standard. HMAC SM3 uses a secret key to encrypt the input text and gives an output as the HMAC of the input text. If the key is recovered, adversaries can easily forge a valid HMAC. We can choose different methods, such as traditional side channel analysis, template attack-based side channel analysis to recover the secret key. Deep Learning has recently been introduced as a new alternative to perform Side-Channel analysis. In this paper, we try to recover the secret key with deep learning-based side channel analysis. We should train the network recursively for different parameters by using the same dataset and attack the target dataset with the trained network to recover different parameters. The experiment results show that the secret key can be recovered with deep learning-based side channel analysis. This work demonstrates the interests of this new method and show that this attack can be performed in practice.