Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Développement et évaluation des paramètres quantitatifs de l’IRM de la prostate

L'objectif de cette these est de developper et d'evaluer des parametres quantitatifs de l'IRM de la prostate en discriminant les cancers de score de Gleason (GS) ≥7. Nous supposons que les parametres quantitatifs de l'IRM pourraient aider a standardiser le diagnostic, et a diminuer la variation inter-lecteur et/ou inter-institution du diagnostic du cancer de la prostate. Cette these est divisee en trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre, intitule « IRM T2 quantitatif de la prostate », est une etude retrospective sur une base de donnees des patients avant prostatectomie radicale. Le deuxieme chapitre, intitule « IRM multiparametrique quantitative de la prostate », est aussi une etude retrospective avant prostatectomie radicale. Le troisieme chapitre, intitule « Elastographie IRM de la prostate par voie trans-perineale» est une etude experimentale. Notre premiere etude montre que le T2 est robuste sur les machines de constructeurs differents. Le T2 est un predicteur significatif, mais de faible performance, d'agressivite du cancer de la prostate a 3T. Notre deuxieme etude montre que la combinaison du 10eme centile de l'ADC avec le Time-topeak (TTP) ameliore la performance du diagnostic, et ce modele est lui aussi robuste entre des machines de constructeurs differents. Notre troisieme etude montre les resultats preliminaires sur l'elasticite de la prostate. Ces resultats montrent que l'elastographie IRM de la prostate en haute frequence d'excitation (>100 Hz) par voie trans-perineale est faisable. L'elastographie pourrait a l'avenir etre integree a l'IRM multiparametrique quantitative pour ameliorer la performance de diagnostic
Detection of HPV DNA in trichilemmomas by polymerase chain reaction

Paraffin sections of 11 formalin‐fixed trichilemmomas were investigated for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the degenerated consensus primer pairs. PCRs were conducted with different annealing temperatures. When the annealing temperature was reduced from 55°C to 50°C, amplification products of the expected size were obtained for all 11 cases investigated. Determination of the HPV type was performed by cloning and sequencing of the amplification products.
Myonuclear accretion is a major determinant of avian skeletal muscle growth.

The role of satellite cells and DNA unit size in determining skeletal muscle growth was studied after mitotic activity was inhibited in the left pectoralis thoracicus of 2-wk-old tom turkeys by means of a 25-Gy dose of irradiation. Toms were killed and muscle weights were obtained 1 (n = 5), 4 (n = 6), 7 (n = 6), and 15 (n = 4) wk after irradiation. Satellite cell mitotic activity and DNA unit size were determined using enzymatically isolated myofiber segments and image analysis. Irradiated and nonirradiated muscle weights increased (P < 0.01) between all ages examined, but irradiated muscle weights were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than nonirradiated muscle weights at 4, 7, and 15 wk after irradiation. Satellite cell mitotic activity was lower (P < 0.01) in irradiated than in nonirradiated muscles at 1 and 4 wk after irradiation and resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the number of myofiber nuclei per millimeter at 4 and 7 wk after irradiation. Satellite cell mitotic activity was higher (P < 0.05) in irradiated than in nonirradiated muscles at 7 wk after irradiation, but at 15 wk after irradiation it had fallen to low levels in both muscles. There was no significant (P > 0.10) difference in DNA unit size between muscles at any time, but there was an age-related increase (P < 0.01) for both muscles. Irradiation reduced muscle growth through a transient reduction in myonuclear production at a critical time (3-6 wk of age) in posthatch skeletal muscle development. The age-related increase in DNA unit size was not accelerated to compensate for the reduction in myonuclear accretion. Thus it appears that muscle growth potential is governed mostly by myonuclear accretion and to a lesser extent by DNA unit size.
Visual Span of Apprehension in Patients with Unilateral Cerebral Lesions

The visual span of apprehension for random letter and digit sequences, approximations to English sequences and non-symbolic line stimuli was measured in patients with unilateral cerebral lesions. The left hemisphere group was significantly impaired relative to the right hemisphere group and a control group on all three types of visual span task. The deficit was most marked in patients with left posterior lesions. The visual span deficits were not related to other language deficits. The findings are discussed in terms of a modality-specific defect of visual short-term memory.
Stomata Diversification and Phylogenenetic Analysis of 13 Species of Family Euphorbiaceae sensu lato

Investigation on diversity of stomata from 13 species of family Euphorbiaceae has been carried out. Characters like type of stomata, position of stomata, presence/absence of ledge, and density both abaxial and adaxial leaf surface were examined.Stomata characters in the family were found quite diverse in this study. Monophyletic nature of Euphorbiaceae has been proved in this study on the basis of phylogenetic analysis using parsimoni method. Our data further suggested that the family can be classified into two major groups. However, surprisingly, genus Phyllanthus is non-monophyletic.Key words: diversity, Euphorbiaceae, phylogenetic analysis, stomata.
Hypertension, TLR4 activation in brain and cardiac hypertrophy.

This editorial refers to ‘Central blockade of TLR4 improves cardiac function and attenuates myocardial inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension’ by R.B. Dange et al. , pp. 17–27, this issue. Hypertension or high blood pressure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Fortunately, drug therapy along with dietary and lifestyle changes can reduce blood pressure and, therefore, the complications of hypertension in most individuals. On the other hand, untreated or uncontrolled hypertension leads to cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial ischaemia, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. Over the years, attempts have been made to understand the pathophysiology of hypertension. While the precise cause of hypertension in most of the patients is not known, there is emerging evidence for neuroendocrine activation and insulin resistance syndrome in hypertension.1 A connection between brain, especially perturbation within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the brain, and development of hypertension has been proposed.2 Brain–heart connection is also beginning to be recognized as a determinant of outcome after myocardial ischaemia.3 Furthermore, there is evidence for immune system activation in hypertension.4 Resulting inflammation along with neuroendocrine stimulation, especially the activation of renin–angiotensin system, may well play an important role in the pathogenesis …
Photochromicity and fluorescence lifetimes of green fluorescent protein

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) of the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea and its mutants have gained widespread usage as an indicator of structure and function within cells. Proton transfer has been implicated in the complex photophysics of the wild-type molecule, exhibiting a protonated A species excited at 400 nm, and two deprotonated excited-state species I* and B* with red-shifted excitation ∼475 nm. Photochromicity between the protonated and deprotonated species has been reported upon 400 nm excitation. Using precise time-resolved spectroscopy, we have been able to distinguish the fluorescence lifetimes of the I and B species (∼3.3 and ∼2.8 ns, respectively) and show that the irreversible photochromicity which we observe is due to formation in the excited state of the B species, which cannot return to other species in the ground state. The ground state A and I species are in thermal equilibrium. Anisotropy measurements indicate that the chromophore lies rigidly in the molecule with a rotational c.
El principio de integración medioambiental dentro de la Unión Europea: la imbricación entre integración y desarrollo sostenible

El principio de integracion, tal y como fue inicialmente concebido por la UE, se define como la incorporacion del componente medioambiental a todas aquellas politicas con efectos negativos sobre el entorno, siendo su principal objetivo mejorar los rendimientos de la politica de proteccion del medio ambiente a nivel comunitario. Posteriormente, este mismo principio se ha vinculado a la estrategia europea de desarrollo sostenible (DS), que propugna la compatibilidad entre crecimiento economico, conservacion del medio fisico y bienestar social. La vinculacion del principio de integracion al DS se ha traducido en lo que podria denominarse una «version ampliada» (u horizontal) del mismo, que aspira a impregnar el proceso politico vinculado al programa de sostenibilidad1 en su totalidad, desde la etapa inicial de formacion de agenda hasta la etapa final de evaluacion de resultados, frente a la inicial «version restringida» (o vertical), que se centraba meramente en la aplicacion de criterios medioambientales al funcionamiento de determinados organismos publicos. Como la teorica armonia que se proclama con respecto a los tres elementos que componen el DS es falsa, el principal problema de esta version ampliada es que oculta los importantisimos conflictos de interes que se producen cuando se intenta llevar el DS a la practica. La dificil aplicabilidad de la sostenibilidad se refleja, entre otras cosas, tanto en que la dimension horizontal del principio de integracion, plasmada en las estrategias de DS que han elaborado o todavia estan elaborando muchos paises de la OCDE, no ha sido (o solo insuficientemente) desarrollada, como en que la dimension vertical se ha consolidado mas en el nivel retorico-formal de la politica que en el sustantivo.
Serum leptin concentrations of patients with sequential thyroid function changes

background Leptin, a recently discovered protein produced in adipocytes, regulates body weight by suppressing food intake and/or increasing energy expenditure. Thyroid hormones, which increase the basal metabolic rate and thermogenesis, have been reported to be one of leptin's regulating factors because alternations in thyroid status might lead to compensatory changes in circulating leptin.
A Perspective on the History of the Iberian Gypsies Provided by Phylogeographic Analysis of Y‐Chromosome Lineages

The European Gypsies, commonly referred to as Roma, are represented by a vast number of groups spread across many countries. Although sharing a common origin, the Gypsy groups are highly heterogeneous as a consequence of genetic drift and different levels of admixture with surrounding populations. With this study we aimed at contributing to the knowledge of the Roma history by studying 17 Y‐STR and 34 Y‐SNP loci in a sample of 126 Portuguese Gypsies. Distinct genetic hallmarks of their past and migration route were detected, namely: an ancestral component, shared by all Roma groups, that reflects their origin in India (H1a‐M82; ∼17%); an influence from their long permanence in the Balkans/Middle‐East region (J2a1b‐M67, J2a1b1‐M92, I‐M170, Q‐M242; ∼31%); traces of contacts with European populations preceding the entrance in the Iberian Peninsula (R1b1c‐M269, J2b1a‐M241; ∼10%); and a high proportion of admixture with the non‐Gypsy population from Iberia (R1b1c‐M269, R1‐M173/del.M269, J2a‐M410, I1b1b‐M26, E3b1b‐M81; ∼37%). Among the Portuguese Gypsies the proportion of introgression from host populations is higher than observed in other groups, a fact which is somewhat unexpected since the arrival of the Roma to Portugal is documented to be more recent than in Central or East Europe.
Vérification de tables de routage par utilisation d'un ensemble représentatif d'en-têtes

Verifier des tables de routage consiste a tester la validite des tables de l'ensemble des routeurs d'un reseau donne. Par exemple, il peut s'agir de tester l'absence de boucle ou de trou noir. Dans cet article, nous proposons une approche en deux etapes : construire un ensemble representatif d'en-tetes de paquets, puis tester les proprietes desirees sur ces en-tetes. Toute la difficulte est de construire un ensemble relativement petit tout en garantissant qu'un paquet avec un en-tete arbitraire va se comporter exactement comme au moins l'un des en-tetes de l'ensemble representatif. A partir d'un modele tres general inspire du paradigme Software Defined Networking (SDN), nous montrons que le probleme de la detection de boucles peut se resoudre en temps polynomial en la taille d'un ensemble representatif. Nous montrons aussi qu'une condition naturelle sur les regles de routage, inspiree des travaux de Boutier et Chroboczek sur le routage par source et destination, permet de construire un ensemble representatif dont la taille est au plus le nombre de regles de routage plus un. Par comparaison, sans cette condition naturelle, la taille de l'ensemble representatif peut dans le pire des cas etre exponentielle en la taille des en-tetes.
How sensitive is a neutrino factory to the angle theta(13)

We consider the impact of nonstandard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos on the determination of neutrino mixing parameters at a neutrino factory using ${\stackrel{\mathrm{(-)}}{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\stackrel{\mathrm{(-)}}{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ ``golden channels'' for the measurement of ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13}$. We show how a small residual NSI leads to a drastic loss in sensitivity in ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13}$, of up to 2 orders of magnitude. This can be somewhat overcome if two baselines are combined.
APLICACION DE LA PROGRAMACION GEOMETRICA EN LA OPTIMIZACION DEL DISENO DE UNA FUENTE DE VOLTAJE DE REFERENCIA

´on, DFM, Metodolog´? as de Dise? no. DESCRIPCI ´ON: En este proyecto se propone una metodolog´? a de dise? no para manufactura usando programaci´on geom´etrica para automatizar el dise? no. Luego, esta metodolog´? a es validada en la optimizaci´on del dise? no de una fuente de voltaje de referencia. Durante los ´ultimos a? nos, el aumento en la densidad de transistores pronosticado por la Ley de Moore ha convertido el dise? no de circuitos integrados en una fase altamente sensible a las variaciones del proceso de fabricaci´on. Las diferencias entre lo proyectado y lo fabricado generan p´erdidas de rendimiento que en un gran porcentaje son atribuidas al proceso que involucra al dise? nador. Al ser alta la responsabilidad del dise? nador en este problema, el dise? no anal´ogico debe concentrarse en proponer nuevas metodolog´? as de dise? no que permitan optimizar conjuntamente desempe? no y rendimiento. Las fuentes de referencia corresponden al tipo de circuitos cuyo funcionamiento y especificaciones de dise? no se ven ampliamente alteradas por el escalamiento tecnol´ogico. Pretender obtener un dise? no con altas especificaciones de desempe? no implica trabajar directamente sobre el rendimiento del circuito, pues un ´optimo de desempe? no obtenido por el esquema tradicional de optimizaci´on geom´etrica, no garantiza la consecuci´on de dise? nos fabricables. El presente proyecto eval´ua los alcances y beneficios que tiene la implementaci´on de la metodolog´? a para manufactura por medio del redise? no optimizado de una fuente de voltaje de referencia. Adem´as, busca establecer los factores limitantes en el dise? no para manufactura, relacionados com´unmente con la caracterizaci´on estad´? stica y la frontera tecnol´ogica del proceso. De esta forma, se concentra en proponer una metodolog´? a que condense la bondad en la consecuci´on de ´optimos globales de la programaci´on geom´etrica, con la optimizaci´on del rendimiento funcional y param´etrico de la fuente de referencia. 1Proyecto de Grado. 2Facultad de Ingenier´? as F´? sico-Mec´anicas. Escuela de Ingenier´? as El´ectrica, Electr´onica y de Telecomunicaciones. Director MSc. ´Elkim Felipe Roa Fuentes.
The SA85-1.1 Protein of the Trypanosoma cruzi trans-Sialidase Superfamily Is a Dominant T-Cell Antigen

ABSTRACT Trypanosoma cruzi currently infects 18 million people, and 30% of those infected develop a chronic inflammatory process that causes significant morbidity or mortality. The major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)-restricted T-cell response is critical to the control of the infection and to the ensuing inflammatory pathology. The specific epitopes or major antigens of this response have not been identified. The parasite simultaneously expresses variant members of the trans-sialidase superfamily. To begin to analyze the MHC-II response to these variant proteins, the response to a single surface protein, SA85-1.1, was initiated. These studies have demonstrated that a biased gamma interferon (IFN-γ) response to the SA85-1.1 protein develops during T. cruzi infection. In addition, adoptive transfer of a CD4 clone that recognizes an SA85-1.1 epitope, named epitope 1, and immunization with a peptide encoding epitope 1 were protective and suggested that epitope 1 may be immunodominant. In this report IFN-γ intracellular staining demonstrated that splenocytes from acutely and chronically infected mice, incubated with SA85-1.1 protein or peptides that encode epitope 1, result in IFN-γ synthesis by 4 to 6% of the splenic CD4 cells. These data indicate that during T. cruzi infection epitope 1 is a major epitope and that 4 to 6% of the CD4 cells are stimulated by a single trans-sialidase superfamily epitope and suggest that a combination of trans-sialidase superfamily proteins combines to stimulate a majority of CD4 cells. These data suggest that during T. cruzi infection the CD4 response to thetrans-sialidase superfamily is critical to the protective response and to the ensuing chronic inflammatory pathology.
Une version électronique du LVF comparée avec d'autres ressources lexicales

Des ressources lexicales riches et disponibles en acces libre en langue anglaise ont facilite le developpement des recherches en traitement automatique dans cette langue. Malheureusement, il existe peu d’equivalents en francais. WordNet est surement la ressource la plus connue, mais on peut egalement citer VerbNet et FrameNet. Nous montrons que Les Verbes francais de J. Dubois et F. Dubois-Charlier rivalise avec ces ressources anglaises par sa description semantique des unites predicatives. Sa disponibilite dans un format adapte au traitement automatique des langues et son accessibilite faciliteraient les recherches et les applications en francais. Nous en presentons ici une version au format XML plus facilement exploitable par des applications informatiques et nous l’illustrons avec un site web de consultation. Nous la comparons ensuite avec les ressources citees precedemment pour l’anglais ainsi qu’avec Dicovalence pour le francais.
Control strategy of physiological articulatory model for speech production

In speech production the articulatory apparatus includes the organs that execute efferent motor commands from the central nervous system. In order to simulate the behavior of the articulatory apparatus, computational modeling is a commonly-used method. We have constructed a full 3D physiological articulatory model that includes the tongue, jaw, hyoid bone and vocal-tract wall based on the continuum finite element method. This model comprises articulatory muscles with realistic properties and geometrical arrangements. The muscle activation patterns are used to control the movements of the model. In order to use the model to investigate the speech motor control mechanism, generate speech sounds, predict the effect of surgical operation, etc., we have to realize an automatic control strategy. The task of the control strategy is given a particular target, how to generate muscle activation patterns that can control the model to achieve the target. There are two main control strategies for the physiological articulatory model: feedforward control and feedback control. Feedforward control is a kind of mapping used to directly find muscle activation patterns according to the desired target, and feedback control is used to adjust muscle activation patterns to reduce the distance between the desired target and the realized position. In speech production, feedforward mapping is used to rapidly generate muscle activation patterns to control the articulators to produce fluent speech. Feedback control plays the role of learning and maintaining the feedforward mapping. When the degree of accuracy using feedforward mapping cannot satisfy the requirement, feedback control can be used to realize fine motor control. In this paper, we describe how to use feedback control as a learning loop to construct feedforward mapping. The constructed feedforward mapping was assessed through an open-set test, and reasonable articulatory positions were obtained by comparison with the desired targets. Furthermore, the ability of feedback control to improve control accuracy was proved by a large quantity of simulations. 提要:在言語產生的過程中,發音器官是執行來自中樞神經系統的運動指令的 終端組織。 電腦建模的方法常常被應用於模擬發音器官的行為。 為此, 我們使用連續體有限元的方法建立了一個三維的發音器官的生理模型, 該模型包含舌、下頜、舌骨以及聲道壁等發音器官。 該模型還包括了根 據其生理解剖屬性建立的用於控制發音器官運動的肌肉模型。 為了將該 生理模型應用於探索發音器官的運動控制機制,產生自然流暢的語音, 對發音器官的手術後功能進行預測等,我們需要對模型建立一個自動的 控制機制。 控制機制的任務在於給定一個發音目標,如何自動的產生肌 肉激活模式去控制模型到達目標。 對於發音器官的生理模型而言,有兩 種主要的控制方式:前饋控制和回饋控制。 前饋控制是一種從發音控制 目標到肌肉激活模式的映射,用於根據發音目標產生肌肉激活模式;而 回饋控制主要用於調整肌肉激活模式來減少模型實現的位置到目標之間 的距離,最終控制模型到達目標。 在言語產生的過程中,前饋控制用於 快速的產生肌肉激活模式控制發音器官產生流暢的語音。 回饋控制主要 用於學習前饋控制的映射,並且維持前饋控制可行性。 當前饋控制的精 度不能滿足需求時,回饋控制可以用於提高控制精度以實現精確控制。 在本文中,我們將重點介紹如何使用回饋控制作為學習回路,建立前饋 控制的映射。 對已建立的前饋映射的開集測試表明該映射可以用於控制 模型在誤差允許範圍內達到目標。 而且,大量的模型模擬表明回饋控制 可用於改善前饋控制的控制精度。
A solution to the cueing effects of multiple choice questions: the Un‐Q format

Summary. Although the cueing effects inherent in conventional multiple choice questions (MCQs) present serious limitations, this format continues to dominate testing programmes. The present study was undertaken to estimate the effects of cueing when MCQs are used to test medical students, and to evaluate the reliability, validity and feasibility of an alternative testing format. Equivalent items in both MCQ and open‐ended, or uncued (Un‐Q), formats were administered to 34 third‐ and fourth‐year medical students. The students' mean % correct score on the MCQs was 11 percentage points higher than their mean level of performance on equivalent Un‐Qs. When a second set of more difficult items was administered to 16 of these students, their mean performance on the MCQ items was 22 percentage points higher than their performance on equivalent Un‐Qs. The results support the feasibility of large group administration of tests constructed in an open‐ended format that can be scored by computer. Not only is this format equally reliable and economical when compared with the MCQ, but it also provides important advantages that strengthen its face validity. The Un‐Q format can be used to test either simple recall or certain higher level problem‐solving skills that cannot be tested by MCQs. Even more important, the results also suggest that the Un‐Q format may be a more effective discriminator of academically marginal examinees.