Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluación agronómica y nutricional de variedades de caña de azúcar con potencial forrajero en el Piedemonte Llanero

A complete random block experimental design was applied to planting and evalua ting the following sugar cane varieties with three replications: Republica Dominicana 7511, Puerto Rico 1141, Cenicana 8475, Mayari5465, Africana 76F7556, Canal Point 821.328, Ragnar, lanoru 6479, Sao Pablo 707284 and, 5-68. Cenicana was the variety having the highest average growth over two years, during the four dry months (December, January, February and March), with 4.15 m during the first year and 3.03 m in the second year. The quantity of stems in 10 lineal m was biggest (P <0.05) in the Janoru 6419 variety, having 114 and 110 stems during the first and second years, respectively. The highest stem production (P<0.05) was obtained in the Cenicana 8475 variety during the first year (66.7 t.ha-1). The Cenicana 8475 and the Janoru 6419 varieties had the most yield during the second year of evaluation with 60.7 and 67.7 t.ha-1 steams, respectively. Leaf production was also significantly superior in the Cenicana 8475 and Janoru 6479 varieties (an average of 15 t.ha-1 during the first year and 23 t.ha-1 in the second year for these two varieties). The varieties with the best sugar contents were Ragnar, Sao Pablo 701,284 and Mayari 5465; however, the varieties having most biomass production (Cenicana 8475 and janoru 6419) also presented good sugar content when 18o and 19o Brix Brix were applied, respectively. The nutritive quality of the leaves was similar for all varieties; raw protein varied between 5% and 8%, the highest value being obtained in the Janoru 6479 variety. Fibre was between 72% and 78% and 47$ to 51% degradability.
Plant Growth Substances and the Regulation of Growth Under Drought

This paper reviews briefly the effects of water deficits on the synthesis and distribution of plant growth regulators with some emphasis on genotypic variation in synthesis. The effects of abscisic acid on growth and development are also considered and interactions between growth regulators are highlighted. One possible role for a growth regulator in providing a mechanism to regulate physiology, growth and development as a function of water availability is discussed in detail. It is proposed that reduction in root tip turgor will reduce the synthesis and transport of cytokinins in the root tip and that this reduced transport, perhaps combined with drought-induced reduced uptake of nutrients from the soil, will influence the physiology of the shoot independently from any hydraulic influence.
Review Biology of the CAPA peptides in insects

CAPA peptides have been isolated from a broad range of insect species as well as an arachnid, and can be grouped into the periviscerokinin and pyrokinin peptide families. In insects, CAPA peptides are the characteristic and most abundant neuropeptides in the abdominal neu- rohemal system. In many species, CAPA peptides exert potent myotropic effects on different muscles such as the heart. In others, including blood-sucking insects able to transmit serious diseases, CAPA peptides have strong di- uretic or anti-diuretic effects and thus are potentially of medical importance. CAPA peptides undergo cell-type- specific sorting and packaging, and are the first insect neuropeptides shown to be differentially processed. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the structure, distribution, receptors and physiological ac- tions of the CAPA peptides.
Interactive effects of urea and lipid content confound stable isotope analysis in elasmobranch fishes

Stable isotope analysis (SIA) is becoming a commonly used tool to study the ecology of elasmobranchs. However, the retention of urea by elasmobranchs for osmoregulatory purposes may bias the analysis and interpretation of SIA data. We examined the effects of removing urea and lipid on the stable isotope composition of 14 species of sharks, skates, and rays from the eastern North Pacific Ocean. While effects were variable across taxa, removal of urea generally increased δ15N and C:N. Urea removal had less influence on δ13C, whereas extracting urea and lipid generally increased δ15N, C:N, and δ13C. Because C:N values of nonextracted tissues are often used to infer lipid content and adjust δ13C, shifts in C:N following urea extraction will change the inferred lipid content and bias any mathematical adjustment of δ13C. These results highlight the importance of urea and lipid extraction and demonstrate the confounding effects of these compounds, making it impossible to use C:N of non-urea-extracted samples as .
The phylogenomic forest of bird trees contains a hard polytomy at the root of Neoaves

Birds have arguably been the most intensely studied animal group for their phylogenetic relationships. However, the recent advent of genome‐scale phylogenomics has made the forest of bird phylogenies even more complex and confusing. Here, in this perspective piece, I show that most parts of the avian Tree of Life are now firmly established as reproducible phylogenetic hypotheses. This is to the exception of the deepest relationships among Neoaves. Using phylogenetic networks and simulations, I argue that the very onset of the super‐rapid neoavian radiation is irresolvable because of eight near‐simultaneous speciation events. Such a hard polytomy of nine taxa translates into 2 027 025 possible rooted bifurcating trees. Accordingly, recent genome‐scale phylogenies show extremely complex conflicts in this (and only this) part of the avian Tree of Life. I predict that the upcoming years of avian phylogenomics will witness many more, highly conflicting tree topologies regarding the early neoavian polytomy. I further caution against bootstrapping in the era of genomics and suggest to instead use reproducibility (e.g. independent methods or data types) as support for phylogenetic hypotheses. The early neoavian polytomy coincides with the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K‐Pg) mass extinction and is, to my knowledge, the first empirical example of a hard polytomy.
Evidence for Cooperative Breeding in the Pale Yellow Robin Tregellasia capito

the pipe entrance, chamber lid or burrow markers of the artificial Chatham Petrel burrows, than to natural burrows. Prospecting at Chatham Petrel burrows probably results from a shortage of Broad-billed Prion burrows in that area. The presence of logs or tracks did not change behaviour or increase chick interference levels. It did, however, suggest that as Broad-billed Prions are attracted to logs and used the track more when logs were present, reducing the presence of logs could decrease the number of Broad-billed Prions in the vicinity of Chatham Petrel burrows and potentially decrease interference.
SEM studies on sporangia and pollen morphology of Gingko biloba cultivars

The present study was conducted to illustrate the micromorphology of mature sporangia and pollen grains of four Ginkgo biloba cultivars: ‘Horizontalis’, ‘Lasiocarpa’, ‘Pragensis’ and ‘Tubifolia’ and is a continuation of earlier investigations on this subject. The sporophylls bear typically two pendulous sporangia, whereas three were found in one cultivar. The sporangia varied in shape from oval, elliptical elongate to boat-shaped and dehisced along a longitudinal slit. The sporangial walls are multilayered. The sculpture of the sporangium is rugose covered with wax crystals (tubules) and the endothecium shows clearly visible fibrous thickening on the wall. The pollen grains are monosulcate, the non-apertural surface is irregularly ridged (striate) or rugulate, with perforations and the germinal aperture (furrow) is covered with verrucae. The current study did not differentiate significantly four cultivars based on sporangia and pollen morphology. The micromorphological traits may be useful for identification and classification of fragments of fossil sporangia and pollen grains.
Enzyme promiscuity : a review on select tautomerase superfamily members

Enzymes are categorized into families based on sequence similarity and conserved features. Superfamilies are composed of families of enzymes with common folds and conserved features. Enzymes with broad specificities are able to evolve into different enzymes with new chemistries. However, they still contain vestigial folds and conserved residues that traces their evolution back to that broad specificity ancestor. Three enzymes from the Tautomerase Superfamily will be discussed here, all related by a N-terminal catalytic proline and the use of the β-α-β building block. The structures, mechanisms, and promiscuous activities of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase, 3-chloroacrylic dehalogenase, and malonate semialdehyde decarboxylase are discussed. All three are evolutionarily linked through a shared promiscuous hydration activity using 2-oxo-3-pentyoate and likely came from the same ancestor.
Genotype x environment interaction and stability analysis for yield and its attributes in garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Genotype environment interaction is very important to the plant breeder in developing improved varieties. The present investigation was carried out at National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation, Karnal to identify the suitable and stable genotypes for Rabi season with higher yield and others horticultural attributes. It is concluded from present investigation that the genotype G-384, G-324, G-378, G-376 and check Yamuna Safed-3 (G-282) performed well in favorable environment for gross as well as marketable yield and considered as most stable and responsive genotype as it possesses higher yield along with the bi=one or near one and nonsignificant S2di values and hence could be recommended for adoptability. These above genotypes can be further exploited in breeding programme for increasing the production of garlic.
Choosy mothers pick challenging plants: maternal preference and larval performance of a specialist herbivore are not linked

1. Maternal preference is a dynamic process and interactions between preference and performance are fundamental for understanding evolutionary ecology and host association in insect–plant interactions. In the present study, the hypothesis of preference–performance was tested by offering solanaceous specialist Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae and adult females four plant congeners that ranged in suitability.
Postnatal ontogeny of small intestinal histomorphology, crypt cell proliferation and peptide transporter 1 gene expression in piglets

Ontogeny of the morphology, cell proliferation, and peptide transporters in each region of the small intestine support optimal nutritional status and growth of pigs from early to later life. To assess these, growth of piglets was studied at birth (d 0), suckling (d 7), weaning (d 21) and post-weaning (d 28, 49 and 77) days. Hematology, small intestinal histomorphology, crypt cell proliferation, and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) mRNA expression were measured from the animals at newborn, and at 7, 21, 49 and 77 days old. Among the three age groups (newborn to 21, 21 to 28 and 21 to 77 days old), all animals progressively improved body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) from the early suckling stage to the post-weaning stage (p<0.0001) but their BWG declined during one week after weaning (d 21 to d 28). In the youngest age group (d 0 to d 7), the villus height, ratio of villus height to crypt depth, proliferation, and turnover rate of enterocytes at distinct regions along the small intestine, particularly the jejunum, reached maximal value and then dramatically decreased by the day the animals were weaned (d 21) and thereafter (p<0.05). The PepT1 mRNA expression was found to be distributed along the small intestine. The relative expression of PepT1 mRNA in the suckling pigs paralleled that in the post-weaning pigs. These data suggest that ontogenetic adaptation of the histomorphology, crypt cell number, and turnover rate as well as relative expression of PepT1 mRNA in the small intestine may be useful during early suckling state, especially the first week, and efficiently promotes diet transition post-weaning.
Determination of Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids from Feed Ingredients for Laying Hens and Broilers

Digestible amino acid values are considered by many to be the best measure of the amino acid value of ingredients. Unfortunately the amount of digestible amino acid data that is available, particularly for some ingredients, is not very large and so the data may be suspect. For example, primary digestible amino acid coefficients published by the amino acid suppliers vary to some degree, in part due to the inherent differences in experimental methodologies. Commercial nutritionists, therefore, find it difficult to make the switch to using digestible amino acid values so that they can efficiently use alternative feed ingredients.
COOH-terminal sequence of the cellular prion protein directs subcellular trafficking and controls conversion into the scrapie isoform

ABSTRACT Efficientformationofscrapieisoformofprionprotein(PrP Sc )requirestargetingPrP Sc byglycophos-phatidylinositol(GPI)anchorstocaveolae-likedomains(CLDs). Redirectingthecellularisoformofprionprotein(PrP C )toclathrin-coatedpitsbycreatingchimericPrPmol-eculeswithfourdifferentCOOH-terminaltransmembranedomainspreventedtheformationofPrP Sc . TodetermineiftheseCOOH-terminaltransmembranesegmentspreventedPrP C fromrefoldingintoPrP Sc byalteringthestructureofthepolypeptide,wefusedthe28-aaCOOHterminifromtheQaprotein.TwoCOOH-terminalQasegmentsdifferingbyasingleresiduedirectthetransmembraneproteintoclathrin-coatedpitsortheGPIformtoCLDs;PrP Sc wasformedfromGPI-anchoredPrP C butnotfromtransmembranePrP C . OurfindingsarguethatPrP Sc formationisrestrictedtoaspecificsubcellularcompartmentandassuch,itislikelytoinvolveauxiliarymacromoleculesfoundwithinCLDs. Theposttranslationalconversionofthecellularisoformofprionprotein(PrP C )intothescrapieisoformofprionprotein(PrP Sc )isthefundamentalprocessunderlyingboththetrans-missionandpathogenesisofthepriondisease(1,2). WhilenodifferenceinthecovalentstructuresofPrP
Mechanisms of Activation of the FIP1L1-PDGFRα Fusion Kinase.

We recently identified the FIP1L1-PDGFRα fusion protein as a frequent cause of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), a disorder characterized by persistent eosinophilia and organ dysfunction. ~60% of HES patients who are sensitive to imatinib, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, harbor the FIP1L1-PDGFRα fusion. The fusion is expressed as a consequence of an interstitial chromosomal deletion of human chromosome 4 that fuses a novel protein FIP1L1 to the cytoplasmic domain of the tyrosine kinase PDGFRα, a type III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). The fusion protein is a constitutively active kinase and has transforming properties in vitro and in vivo that are inhibited by imatinib. In order to understand the mechanism of activation of the FIP1L1-PDGFRα fusion kinase, a series of deletions of FIP1L1 were fused to PDGFRα and the fusions were tested for transforming activity. The data suggested that the FIP1L1 moiety was in fact dispensable for PDGFRα activation. For example, substitution of FIP1L1 with the Myc-epitope fused to PDGFRA still resulted in PDGFRα autophosphorylation; transformation of Ba/F3 cells to IL-3 independent growth; and induction of a myeloproliferative disease in a murine bone marrow transplant assay. Structural analyses of other type III RTKs, such as FLT3, have identified an autoinhibitory function of the juxtamembrane (JM) domain. Thus, the lack of requirement for FIP1L1 suggests that activation of the FIP1L1-PDGFRa fusion kinase might be caused by disruption of an autoinhibitory JM domain in PDGFRα. Indeed, in patients with the FIP1L1-PDGFRα fusion, the breakpoints in PDGFRA are tightly clustered within exon 12, which encompasses the JM domain. Whereas activation of most known fusion kinases relies on enforced dimerization by a fusion partner, disruption of an autoinhibitory JM domain may be an alternative mode of fusion kinase activation.
A transgenic plant system for the heterologous expression of bioproducts in soybean seed coats

A transgenic system for the heterologous expression of bioproducts in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seed coats was developed. Expression was driven by the region upstream of the high expressing, seed coat-specific Ep gene, which encodes soybean peroxidase (SBP). Genes were modified to include sequences encoding the Nand C-terminal propeptides from SBP, which were predicted to target proteins to the vacuole. To investigate the influence of targeting on foreign protein accumulation, a model system was developed. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants were transformed with genes encoding SBP-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions, targeted to the cytoplasm, apoplast, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or vacuole with combinations of the SBP Nand C-terminal propeptides and an ER retention signal. The location of the targeted fusion proteins and the function of the SBP isl­ and C-terminal propeptides were confirmed. Average specific activity of all three of the targeted fusion proteins was significantly greater than the average specific activity of the non-targeted, cytoplasmic fusion protein. Immunoblotting revealed that the GFP portion of the fusion protein was being partially degraded, and that degradation was more severe during targeting to the vacuole and apoplast than the ER. These results suggest that targeting proteins to any of the three compartments investigated can significantly improve protein accumulation but that maximum stability may be found in the ER. To compare the ability of soybean seed coats to express foreign proteins at levels comparable to the Ep gene, the Ep cDNA was heterologously expressed in a soybean cultivar that contains a deletion in the Ep gene, designated epep. Transgenic Ep plants produced SBP but activity levels were lower than those measured in the EpEp cultivar Harosoy 63. This suggests
Unexpected Management Choices When Accounting for Uncertainty in Ecosystem Service Tradeoff Analyses

Resource management and conservation increasingly focus on ecosystem service provisioning and potential tradeoffs among services under different management actions. Application of bioeconomic approaches to tradeoffs assessment is touted as a way to find win‐win outcomes or avoid unnecessary stakeholder conflict. Yet, nearly all assessments to date have ignored inherent uncertainties in the provision and valuation of services. We incorporate uncertainty into the ecosystem services analytical framework and show how such inclusion improves optimal decision making. In particular, we show: (1) “suboptimal” solutions can become optimal when uncertainties are accounted for; (2) uncertainty paradoxically makes stakeholders value conservation despite their lack of preference for it; and (3) substantial losses or missed gains in ecosystem service provisioning can be incurred when uncertainty is ignored. Our results highlight the urgency of accounting for uncertainties in ecosystem services in tradeoff assessments given the widespread use of this approach by government agencies and conservation organizations.
‘ENDANG PAMULARSIH’ GURAME YANG JEMPOLAN

Bisnis ikan gurame terbagi menjadi beberapa skala bisnis, mulai dari telur, gabah, nguku, silet, korek, rokok, tampelan hingga konsumsi. Adanya skala ini dikarenakan ikan gurame tumbuh sangat lambat. Salah satu yang menjadi penyebab ikan gurame tumbuh lambat adalah kualitas benih yang dihasilkan masih belum memadai serta teknologi budidaya yang digunakan belum optimal. Beberapa ras ikan gurame banyak terdapat di masyarakat, namun belum diketahui produkivitas masing-masing ras sehingga kemungkinan untuk mendapatkan produk unggulan masih mengalami hambatan. Penggunaan hibrida unggul ikan gurame merupakan salah satu solusi pemecahan masalah yang ada dalam budidaya ikan gurame. Hibrida antara ras Soang dan Blue Safir dikenal sebagai gurame varietas “Endang Pamularsih”.
Electron Micrographic Mapping of Deletions, Insertions, Inversions, and Homologies in the DNAs of Coliphages Lambda and Phi 80

The study of the functional organization of the DNA molecules of several bacteriophages has been the primary concern of this laboratory during the past few years (see the reviews of Szybalski, 1969see the reviews of Szybalski, 1970, and Szybalski et al., 1969, and Szybalski et al., 1970). A major effort has been devoted to the elucidation of the patterns and controls of transcription in the lambdoid coliphages (e.g., Szybalski et al., 1966; Taylor et al., 1967; Kumar et al., 1969; Lozeron and Szybalski, 1969; Bovre and Szybalski, 1969; Nijkamp et al., 1970). Physical mapping of the genes of these phages is an indispensable tool in the quantitative study of the transcription patterns, and has led us to develop a novel technique, designated electron micrographic mapping of heteroduplex DNA (Westmoreland et al., 1969). In this procedure the strands of two distinct phage DNAs are preparatively separated, one strand of the first DNA is annealed to the complementary strand of the second DNA in a formamide-containing solution, and the resulting heteroduplex DNA molecules are examined by electron microscopy. The regions of homology in the heteroduplexes appear as double-stranded, more rigid DNA segments, whereas unpaired single strands, thinner and kinkier, are visualized in the nonhomologous regions. Simple deletions or insertions result in single-stranded “loops” emanating from one point of the otherwise uninterrupted double-stranded DNA (see point 1 in Fig. 2), whereas substitutions or inversions appear as “bubbles,” i.e., interruptions in the double-stranded DNA composed of two single unpaired strands (see region 2 to 3 in Fig. 2). Applying this technique, which.
Land Use and Land Cover Change in Protected Areas: Using Remote Sensing to Survey Suitable Habitats of Brown Bear Ursus arctos

ABSTRACT In recent years, brown bear Ursus arctos populations in Iran have experienced a clear trend of reduction and the species is now officially listed as threatened under provincial legislation. Anthropogenic habitat alteration and increasing human access to previously remote landscapes are potential source of stress for this species in Iran. Therefore, land cover changes in the Chelcheli protected area were mapped for 1991–2013 using time sequential Landsat TM and ETM at 30 meters resolution. Moreover, Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling was used to investigate habitat selection of brown bear. The results showed that suitable patches overlapped with forest areas (Hyrcanian forest) and rivers. Our results also indicate that the brown bear habitat suitability is negatively influenced by human disturbance (e.g., roads, settlements). Increased human disturbance in brown bear habitat in recent decades may cause bears to avoid the disturbed areas. Therefore, the management plans should focus on reducing the human infrastructures around brown bear habitat. A suggestion is to place the core secure areas for brown bear inside the suitable habitat close to rivers where the human access is restricted. Promoting awareness of biodiversity conservation among tourism should also be one of the major focuses of management plans.
Preliminary investigations of the risk of plant debris as a Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae inoculum source

In New Zealand, the causal agent of kiwifruit canker, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), can survive in overwintered kiwifruit plant debris on the orchard floor at least until spring. This study used trap plates and trap plants to determine the importance of fallen leaves and winter prunings on the orchard floor as inoculum sources. Trap plates were positioned 15, 50 and 100 cm above the debris. Psa was detected only when the plates were exposed during rain events and was found to be splashed upwards in small amounts from the debris during rain. Leaf lesions developed only on the trap plants exposed during the first week of the 20-week trial. In this trial, there is some evidence that plant debris is not a significant inoculum source and would not have posed a major risk for re-infection of any surrounding kiwifruit vines at the time of budburst in spring.