Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New snow metrics for a warming world

Snow is Earth's most climatically sensitive land cover type. Traditional snow metrics may not be able to adequately capture the changing nature of snow cover. For example, April 1 snow water equivalent (SWE) has been an effective index for streamflow forecasting, but it cannot express the effects of midwinter melt events, now expected in warming snow climates, nor can we assume that station‐based measurements will be representative of snow conditions in future decades. Remote sensing and climate model data provide capacity for a suite of multi‐use snow metrics from local to global scales. Such indicators need to be simple enough to “tell the story” of snowpack changes over space and time, but not overly simplistic or overly complicated in their interpretation. We describe a suite of spatially explicit, multi‐temporal snow metrics based on global satellite data from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and downscaled climate model output for the U.S. We describe and provide examples for Snow Cover Frequency (SCF), Snow Disappearance Date (SDD), At‐Risk Snow (ARS), and Frequency of a Warm Winter (FWW). Using these retrospective and prospective snow metrics, we assess the current and future snow‐related conditions in three hydroclimatically different U.S. watersheds: the Truckee, Colorado Headwaters, and Upper Connecticut. In the two western U.S. watersheds, SCF and SDD show greater sensitivity to annual differences in snow cover compared with data from the ground‐based Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) network. The eastern U.S. watershed does not have a ground‐based network of data, so these MODIS‐derived metrics provide uniquely valuable snow information. The ARS and FWW metrics show that the Truckee Watershed is highly vulnerable to conversion from snowfall to rainfall (ARS) and midwinter melt events (FWW) throughout the seasonal snow zone. In comparison, the Colorado Headwaters and Upper Connecticut Watersheds are colder and much less vulnerable through mid‐ and late‐century.
Linking to the State: Hierarchical Statebuilding After Ethnic Conflict in the Western Balkans

Abstract Fighting in Kosovo, Serbia, and Macedonia ended with internationally-sponsored settlements aimed at constituting unified states, but participatory politics by ethnic groups differed afterwards. This study asks how institutional mechanisms of statebuilding led to disparate forms of participation at different levels of governance. The principle conclusion is that both participation and ways of contesting government policies or actions are conditioned by the institutional means for ethnic elite actors to access distributable patronage. Providing ethnic elites with distributable resources allows them to act as brokers between the state and the ethnic group, linking their own political positions with participation. This in turn secures the support of key players, discourages parochial opposition, and marginalizes spoilers.
Connectivity-informed M/EEG inverse problem

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Connectivity-informed M/EEG inverse problem Ivana Kojčić, Théodore Papadopoulo, Rachid Deriche, Samuel Deslauriers-Gauthier
Americans' willingness to adopt a COVID-19 tracking app The role of app distributor

The COVID-19 global pandemic led governments, health agencies, and technology companies to work on solutions to minimize the spread of the disease. One such solution concerns contact-tracing apps whose utility is tied to widespread adoption. Using survey data collected a few weeks into lockdown measures in the United States, we explore Americans’ willingness to install a COVID-19 tracking app. Specifically, we evaluate how the distributor of such an app (e.g., government, health-protection agency, technology company) affects people’s willingness to adopt the tool. While we find that 67 percent of respondents are willing to install an app from at least one of the eight providers included, the factors that predict one’s willingness to adopt differ. Using Nissenbaum’s theory of privacy as contextual integrity, we explore differences in responses across distributors and discuss why some distributors may be viewed as less appropriate than others in the context of providing health-related apps during a global pandemic. We conclude the paper by providing policy recommendations for wide-scale data collection that minimizes the likelihood that such tools violate the norms of appropriate information flows.
Achieve Personalized Exercise Intensity through an Intelligent System and Cycling Equipment: A Machine Learning Approach

Using absolute intensity methods (metabolic equivalent of energy (METs), etc.) to determine exercise intensity in exercise prescriptions is straightforward and convenient. Using relative intensity methods (heart rate reserve (%HRR), maximal heart rate (%HRmax), etc.) is more recommended because it is more personalized. Taking target heart rate (THR) given by the relative method as an example, compared with just presenting the THR value, intuitively providing the setting parameters for achieving the THR with specific sport equipment is more user-friendly. The objective of this study was to find a method which combines the advantages (convenient and personalized) of the absolute and relative methods and relatively avoids their disadvantages, helping individuals to meet the target intensity by simply setting equipment parameters. For this purpose, we recruited 32 males and 29 females to undergo incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing with cycling equipment. The linear regression model of heart rate and exercise wattage (the setting parameter of the equipment) was constructed for each one (R2 = 0.933, p < 0.001), and the slopes of the graph of these models were obtained. Next, we used an iterative algorithm to obtain a multiple regression model (adjusted R2 = 0.8336, p < 0.001) of selected static body data and the slopes of participants. The regression model can accurately predict the slope of the general population through their static body data. Moreover, other populations can guarantee comparable accuracy by using questionnaire data for calibration. Then, the predicted slope can be utilized to calculate the equipment’s settings for achieving a personalized THR through our equation. All of these steps can be assigned to the intelligent system.
Usporedba mrežnih valencijskih rječnika u slavenskim jezicima

The aim of the paper is to compare the representation of valency in five online valency dictionaries of slavic languages (the Russian FrameBank, the czech VALLEX, the Polish Walenty, and two online valency dictionaries of croatian, Crovallex and e-Glava). FrameBank, VALLEX, Walenty, and CROVALLEX are compared in detail with e-Glava and at the end all five online resources are correlated. The five dictionaries are based on various linguistic traditions, but despite that, some parts of their description are similar due to common features of slavic languages. due to rich case systems, the morphological description is indispensable in these valency dictionaries. Ključne riječi: valentnost, leksikografija, mrežni rječnici, slavenski jezici
Influence of Meso-Structure Parameters on Wave Propagation in Soil-Rock Mixture

1 Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China 2 Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis Technology and Instruments of Hydro-Construction, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China 3 Ecological Restoration Research Institute Co., Ltd., CCCC Third Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
Socio-Economic Issues and Challenges in Male Child Preference in Nigeria

Preference for male children is a global phenomenon. However, it is more seriously practiced in highly traditional societies of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The practice is particularly widespread in Nigeria, where for cultural and familial justifications families express subtle and sometimes outright preference for male children over females. Unfortunately, this leads to unintended consequences, not only for the families involved but also for the larger society. Against this backdrop, therefore, this paper attempts to articulate the rationale for male child preference, the extent of the practice, as well as some of its damaging consequences and the attendant implications for the Nigerian society in particular. Whereas in the quest for male children, the focus is usually on the seeming gains, which constitute the motivators for families that would stop at nothing to have them. However, attention is drawn in this paper to the other side of the coin, and emphasis is laid on the need for the practice to be checkmated using appropriate institutional tools.
Strategi Pengembangan Wisata Tradisi Ojhung Berbasis Sport Tourism di Kabupaten Sumenep

Sumenep Regency is known for its diverse cultures, one of which is Ojhung . Ojhung is the ritual performed as a request for rain. Ojhung is the art of fighting by hitting and fending off opponents using rattan guided by referees. Ojhung traditional art has the potential to be developed into cultural-based sport tourism, which combines sports activities with the strength of Ojhung traditional art. In line with the tourism sector which is the flagship in Sumenep. Evident from the inauguration of Sumenep as “Soul of Madura”. This research aims to describe the development strategies of Ojhung tourism based on sport tourism in Sumenep Regency. This study used qualitative method. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. Data analyzed used SWOT, EFAS, and IFAS analysis. The data validity checking technique uses triangulation. Ojhung can be develop to be sport tourism in Sumenep Regency because it has a tourist attraction, based on the criteria among others: the ritual of request for rain and Ojhung competition, which visitors can participate in the Ojhung competition.
Fixed-bed gasification research using US coals. Volume 17. Gasification and liquids recovery of four US coals

A single-staged, fixed-bed Wellman-Galusha gasifier coupled with a hot, raw gas combustion system and scrubber has been used to gasify numerous coals from throughout the United States. The gasification test program is organized as a cooperative effort by private industrial participants and government agencies. The consortium of participants is organized under the Mining and Industrial Fuel Gas (MIFGa) group. This report is the seventeenth in a series of reports describing the atmospheric pressure, fixed-bed gasification of US coals. This report describes the gasification and pyrolysis liquids recovery test for four different coals: Illinois No. 6, SUFCO, Indianhead lignite, and Hiawatha. This test series spanned from July 15, 1985, through July 28, 1985. 4 refs., 16 figs., 19 tabs.
Predicting Support and Resistance Indicators for Stock Market with Fibonacci Sequence in Long Short-Term Memory

Predictive data analytics is a branch of data analytics where models are designed that effectively interpret; anticipate outcomes by analyzing present data to make predictions about future. One of the major attributes for prediction is time and there have been a considerable number of time series analytical models that are used for forecasting. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a deep learning model which is used as a time series model and this research work had made an attempt to apply Fibonacci sequence for retracement of the support and resistance levels, one of the commonly used trend indicators and used LSTM for predicting those levels. These levels help identify the uptrend or downtrend that decide the buying or holding of shares. For this purpose, datasets from financial sector was taken and split into 80% of training data and 20% of testing data for the analysis. The source of these datasets is Kaggle and each of these dataset has a total of 5021 instances from January 2000 till February 2020. Scaling of data was done, retracement of values using three Fibonacci percentages along with the starting and ending level was applied using the LSTM network. For measuring the accuracy of the model, the Root-Mean-Square Error (RSME) metric was used. The comparison between the error score with the lowest value of the dependent variable determines the level of accuracy which is expected to be less in LSTM model that is to be conformed as a test case.
Assessment of the Relationship between Hamstring Tightness and Pelvic Tilt in Cerebral Palsy: Are We Overdoing Hamstring Releases in Children with Spastic Bilateral CP, GMFCS Level I-III?

In 50 consecutive ambulating purely spastic diplegic children (100 limbs), with a mean age of 6.4 y having bilateral hamstring tightness with a popliteal angle ≥ 50° the Thomas test was done and the popliteal, modified popliteal angle and the hamstring shift were determined. Radiologically, the sacrofemoral angle (SFA) and the lumbar lordosis angel were measured. The correlations between the SFA and hamstring shift, lumbar lordosis angle and hamstring shift and between the SFA and the lumbar lordosis angle were analyzed and the effect of muscle imbalance on these angles was assessed.
LORNOXICAM-LOADED NANOSPONGES FOR CONTROLLED ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT: IN VITRO/IN VIVO ASSESSMENT

Objective: To design a controlled topical delivery system of lornoxicam (LX) in order to enhance skin permeation and treatment efficacy. Nanosponges were selected as a novel carrier for this purpose. Methods: Nanosponges were formulated via the emulsion solvent evaporation method using ethyl cellulose (polymer) and polyvinyl alcohol (surfactant). Nanosponge dispersions were characterized for colloidal properties, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release study. The nanosponge formulation (LS1) was then incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose sodium hydrogels and evaluated for pH, viscosity and in vitro drug release. Skin irritation was evaluated, and anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via rat hind paw edema method. Results: Nanosponges were in the nano-sized range and attained a uniform round shape with a spongy structure. LS1exhibited the highest LX release after 6 h, so it was incorporated as hydrogel. Formulated hydrogels showed acceptable physicochemical parameters (pH, drug content and rheological properties). Skin irritation testing proved LX-loaded nanosponge hydrogel formulation (G1) to be non-irritant. In vivo study revealed an enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of G1 for 6 h (p<0.001). Conclusion: The developed nanosponge hydrogel is an efficient nanocarrier for improved and controlled topical delivery of LX.
Determination of Ultratrace-Level Fluorescent Tracer Concentrations in Environmental Samples Using a Combination of HPLC Separation and Laser-Excited Fluorescence Multiwavelength Emission Detection: Application to Testing of Geothermal Well Brines

Lowering the limits of detection for fluorescent tracers in environmental samples can reduce the cost and environmental impact of tracer testing and allow a wider variety of tracer dyes to be used. Detecting dyes in environmental water samples at the sub-part-pertrillion level raises significant challenges in the sensitivity and selectivity of measurement. In the present work, we address this issue by developing a high-sensitivity multiwavelength fluorescence detector for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-separated samples. The fluorescence flow-cell utilizes fiber-optic coupling of laser excitation and the collected emission, which is dispersed in a short spectrograph and detected with a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD). The HPLC separation step not only resolves the target tracer from fluorescent impurities in the sample but also transfers the dye molecules into a solution of reproducible composition which provides a constant Raman scattering background against which the tracer fluorescence spectrum may be detected. The combination of emission-wavelength and elution-time measurement provides a multidimensional data set that improves selectivity for detecting a tracer. For analysis of the data, partial least-squares modeling is tested, along with two methods that do not require prior knowledge of interfering species: rank annihilation and self-modeling curve resolution. The method is developed and tested on fluorescein standards, and a detection limit for fluorescein of 40 ppq (4.0 × 10−14 g/mL) is predicted. This capability was tested on geothermal well samples, in which ∼40 ppq fluorescein could be detected in the presence of 15-fold greater fluorescence from an unknown interferent.
Law of universal gravitation with finite velocity of gravity and mathematical model of motion of a finite number of material points

The law of universal gravitation is introduced taking into account the finiteness of the gravitational velocity. Based on this law, a mathematical model of the motion of a finite number of material points is constructed, a separate case of which is the classical model of the motion of points, which is described by a system of ordinary differential equations. The constructed model is a system of nonlinear differential equations with deviating argument and functional equations. It more accurately describes the dynamics of a finite number of material points than the corresponding classical model. A mathematical model of the motion of two material points is also considered.
Rising Ethnic Diversity in the United States Accompanies Shifts Toward an Individualistic Culture

We investigate the relationship between ethnic diversity and the rise of individualism in the United States during the 20th and 21st centuries. Tests of the historical rates of ethnic diversity alongside individualistic relational structures (e.g., adults living alone, single-/multi-child families) from the years 1950 to 2018 reveal that societal and regional rates of ethnic diversity accompanied individualistic relational structures. These effects hold above and beyond time-series trends in each variable. Further evidence from experimental studies (N = 707) suggests that the presence of, and contact with, ethnically diverse others contributes to greater individualistic values (e.g., the importance of uniqueness and personal achievement). Converging evidence across societal-, regional-, and individual-level analyses suggests a systematic link between ethnic diversity and individualism. We discuss the implications of these findings for sociocultural livelihood in light of the rising rates of ethnic diversity across the globe.
Equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) after weaning in reproductive performance of sows from distinct parturition order

The weaning to estrus interval (WEI) and litter size are points that influences sow reproductive parameters and consequently the swine production. This study evaluated the effect of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG), applied 5 hours after weaning, in sows of 1st to 5th parturition order (PO1-5) and sows with parturition order equal to or greater than 6 (PO6+) on reproductive parameters. PO1-5 sows (n = 240) were allocated into three groups: control group (n = 80), received 4 ml of saline solution; eCG800 group (n = 80), received 800 UI of eCG; and eCG1000 group (n = 80), received 1000 UI of eCG. PO6+ sows (n = 160) were allocated in control group (n = 80), receiving 5 ml of saline solution, and eCG1000 group (n = 80), that received 1000 IU of eCG. The parameters of estrus duration, number of inseminations, birth order, number and weight of live REVISTA ACADÊMICA CIÊNCIA ANIMAL Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil * Corresponding author: claudiobrogni@gmail.com Received: Aug 4 2020 | Approved: Oct 22 2020 Rev. Acad. Ciênc. Anim. 2020;18:e18015 DOI: 10.7213/2596-2868.2020. 18015 ISSN: 2596-2868 piglets were evaluated. Chi-square test and analysis of variance with Tukey test were used in MIXED procedure of statistical package SAS (p < 0.05). An increased estrus duration and a mean increase of 1.5 piglets per litter was observed in eCG1000 group of PO1-5 sows, without affecting their mean weight. For PO6+ sows, the eCG1000 group was increased by one piglet per litter without interfering in the mean weight at birth. The economic analysis revealed a revenue of 400% of eCG investment in the PO1-5 sows, and 268% in the PO6+ group. It was concluded that the use of 1000 UI of eCG improves the reproductive parameters of sows of both (PO1-5 and PO6+) parturition orders.
A robust optimization model of the field hospitals in the sustainable blood supply chain in crisis logistics

Abstract Crisis management is one of the significant challenges when a disaster occurs. Post disaster operations mainly focus on medical treatments. One of the general requirements of medical treatments of field hospitals in disaster is blood transfusion. This way, configuring a blood transfusion network to handle the appropriate assignments and distribution is proved to influence the type, number and severity of recent crises. Therefore, obtaining effective solutions, containing determining the optimal location of facilities of field hospitals, identifying the optimal capacity of facilities and transportation, blood transfusion routes to reduce costs and injustices in this area in times of crisis is essential. Hence, in this study, we proposed a model, intend for allocating blood types and regarding the lifetime of blood to tackle with field hospitals in the disaster sites. Furthermore, the coverage of the demand for blood types for the establishment of field hospitals and the balanced distribution of blood between these hospitals from the blood collection level to the establishment of field hospitals with optimal routing of blood transfusion at the lowest cost is considered. The proposed model for the crisis response management phase is modelled applying a multi-objective mathematical model under uncertain conditions. To cope with the uncertain data arisen in the disaster condition, the robust optimization approach is applied. Then, to solve the proposed model, a hybrid method based on Genetic Algorithm and Multi-Choice Goal Programming (GAMCGP) under uncertainty is developed. In addition, the proposed model is successfully applied to a real- world blood supply chain in Mazandaran, northern part of Iran, and the results validate the performance of the proposed model. It also proves that the suggested model can be considered as a new approach for blood supply chain tactical management in the crisis logistics.