Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observations on Flooring and Stall Surfaces for Dairy Cattle Housed in a Free-Stall Barn

Lameness, an insidious economic and welfare problem in dairy cattle, is directly influenced by thedesign of modern housing. In particular, concrete flooring and uncomfortable stalls are associatedwith increased incidence of lameness in free-stall barns. As group size increases in large herds, theeffects of prolonged standing in the pre-milking holding area on claw health is a growing concern.In two experiments, the effects of these housing features on hind claw and leg health and on netgrowth rate of hoof horn were studied. In the first study, 120 lactating Holstein cows were assigned to one of 6 free-stall pens, each with adifferent configuration of 3 stall surfaces (deep sand, rubber-filled mattresses or concrete) and 2flooring surfaces (grooved concrete or rubber mats), for 105 days. Hind claws and hocks werescored for lesions before and after the treatment period and the increase in score was recorded.Locomotion score was recorded monthly to assess the incidence of clinical lameness, and rates ofclaw growth and wear were measured at the dorsal wall. Claw lesions increased significantly forall groups except those with rubber alleys and either concrete or sand stalls. An all-groupcomparison of the increase in claw score and incidence of clinical lameness did not yieldsignificant differences. Sand stalls prevented hock lesions and were significantly better for hocklesions than the pen with concrete stalls and alleys. Net growth rates of claws were highest incows housed in pens with concrete alleys and mattress stalls and lowest with rubber alleys andsand stalls, indicating different levels of tendency toward hoof overgrowth: the combinations thatproduced higher net growth would likely require more frequent corrective foot trimming. In the second study, 80 Holstein heifers were assigned to one of four treatment pens in a 2 x 2factorial design and were subjected to simulated pre-milking holding pen conditions three timesdaily for 112 days. Heifers were held by headlocks (installed along one side of a free-stall pen) for45 or 90 minutes, and stood on a concrete floor that had either a 5% slope or a flat surface.Increase in hind-claw lesion score and rates of growth and wear for hind lateral claws weremeasured as previously described. Increase in claw lesion score was significantly lower foranimals on the sloped surface. A longer time standing was not associated with higher scoreincreases.Animals standing for 90 minutes had significantly higher rates of horn growth; however,rates of wear or net growth did not differ. Compared with a flat surface, a slope maintains a drierenvironment for the feet, an important property that appeared to prevent the formation of hindclawlesions, even as animals stood on the surface for up to 4.5 hours per day.
FP-STE: A Novel Node Failure Prediction Method Based on Spatio-Temporal Feature Extraction in Data Centers

The development of cloud computing and virtualization technology has brought great challenges to the reliability of data center services. Data centers typically contain a large number of compute and storage nodes which may fail and affect the quality of service. Failure prediction is an important means of ensuring service availability. Predicting node failure in cloud-based data centers is challenging because the failure symptoms reflected have complex characteristics, and the distribution imbalance between the failure sample and the normal sample is widespread, resulting in inaccurate failure prediction. Targeting these challenges, this paper proposes a novel failure prediction method FP-STE (Failure Prediction based on Spatio-temporal Feature Extraction). Firstly, an improved recurrent neural network HW-GRU (Improved GRU based on HighWay network) and a convolutional neural network CNN are used to extract the temporal features and spatial features of multivariate data respectively to increase the discrimination of different types of failure symptoms which improves the accuracy of prediction. Then the intermediate results of the two models are added as features into SCSXGBoost to predict the possibility and the precise type of node failure in the future. SCS-XGBoost is an ensemble learning model that is improved by the integrated strategy of oversampling and cost-sensitive learning. Experimental results based on real data sets confirm the effectiveness and superiority of FP-STE.
Verification of a quantitative model to characterize granular flow - A measure of mixing of grain layers

Traceability has been an area of much research in recent years due to the need for food quality and safety and the subsequent regulations and legislation that have been put in place around the world. There are economic and market advantages that can be gained from industry members that put traceability tools to use effectively. Bulk products challenge traceability efforts more than other foods due to the complications presented by: 1) bulk storage of many source lots in one container; 2) granular flow characteristics influenced by the grain and the container; and 3) commingling practices that make exact composition of lots difficult to produce. Much is known about granular flow due to the importance of granular materials in industries around the world. Granular flow produces different flow regimes, or behaviors, under different conditions, and many of those conditions have been tested. There is however, a lack of research into what those flow regimes mean for granular mixing as grain moves through a storage container filled with multiple source lots. This experiment is the beginning of developing that understanding. It consisted of a small model layered with easily differentiable source lots comprised of granular materials that are the same size, shape and mass. Glass beads in easily identifiable colors were used to address the need for uniformity and to provide differentiation. The material is then drawn from an opening in the floor of the apparatus, as it would be in a grain facility, the layers sorted and weighed, and the mixing quantified. Much more work will be needed in this area of research, but the results of this experiment are promising for development of probability models to describe the composition of grain shipments.
Sensors in Tilted Fiber Bragg Gratings via Spherical Metal-Reflective Ends

This study proposes a refractive index sensor based on tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) that connect metal-reflective spherical ends. The proposed fabrication method enables it to reflect light to increase the overall energy spectrum. We used the end of the fiber with a spherical shape and the coating reflective metal to compare the reflective energy in TFBGs. The reflective technique was employed to deposit nickel (Ni) and silver (Ag) onto the surface of the spherical end of TFBGs to precisely form the spherical-shaped tilted fiber Bragg gratings (STFBGs). The Ni-covered NiSTFBG sensor had an average sensitivity of 8.028 nm/RIU wavelength, which is a 1.64-fold improveme nt. The result shows the backward reflected wave is reflected by the metal layer has improved performance for the wavelength and transmission loss via the reflected metal spherical-shaped end of tilted fiber Bragg gratings.
THE EFFECT OF OFFERED FERMENTED RICE HULL IN RATION SUPPLEMENTED WITH PURPLE SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas L.) LEAF ON LIPID PROFILE OF DUCK MEAT

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of offered fermented rice hull in ration supplemented with purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf on lipid profile of duck meat. Seven treatment rations were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of control ration A (ration without containing rice hull and purple sweet potato leaf), ration B (ration containing 5% rice hull), ration C (ration containing 5% fermented rice hull and purple sweet potato leaf ), ration D (ration containing 10% rice hull), ration E (ration containing 10% fermented rice hull and purple sweet potato leaf), ration F (ration containing 15% rice hull),and ration G (ration containing 15% fermented rice hull and purple sweet potato leaf). Each treatment consisted of three replicates and each replicate consisted of five ducks. Variable observed in this study were feed consumption, protein, crude fiber and antioxidant consumption and lipid profile consisted cholesterol total, HDL, LDL and TGA. The results showed that feed, protein, crude fiber and antioxidant consumption on treatment A were 6414.10. , 1027.70. , 520.82 and 59,51g/head. Giving treatment B, C, D, E, F and G decrease feed consumption (P, < 0.05), but protein consumption was increase significantly (P <0.05) except for treatment B was not significant compared with treatment A. Giving treatments C, E and G were decrease crude fiber consumption (P<0.05). Crude fiber consumption in treatment B increase significantly (P < 0.05), but crude fiber consumption in treatment D and F were not significantly different (P>0.05) with control (A). Antioxidant consumption for treatments B, C, D, E, F and G were increase significantly (P<0,05) compared with A. Lipid profile of duck meat consisted of cholesterol total, HDL, LDL and TGA in treatment A were 75,84. , 26,81. , 30,04 and 100,87 mg/100g. Offered treatment B, C, E, F and G significantly decrease cholesterol total (P<0.05), but treatment D was not significantly different (P>0.05) with treatment A . While on HDL and TGA for all treatment were not significantly different (P>0.05) except TGA for treatment C was increase significantly (P<0.05), compared treatment A. Offered treatment C, E and G were significantly decease LDL of duck meat, but treatment B, D and F were not significantly different (P<0.05) with treatment A. Its can be concluded that offered fermented rice hull in ration supplemented with purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf improve lipid profile of duck meat. Key word: fermented rice hull, purple sweet potato leaf, antioxidant capacity, lipid profil, bali duck.
Disruption of Interleukin-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) gene in mice aggravates renal interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy

Renal fibrosis is the final outcome of obstructive nephropathy and a major cause of chronic renal failure. Renal fibrosis results from an imbalance between extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation, which is regulated by multiple inflammatory mediators in the kidney. Recently, Interleukin-17 (IL-17) emerged as a key cytokine in lung and liver fibrosis. Although IL-17 producing cells were detected in the obstructed kidney, the role of IL-17 in renal fibrosis is unknown. We sought to define the contribution of IL-17 in renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Mice deficient in IL-17 receptor signaling (IL-17RA−/−) were assessed for renal fibrosis following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a well-characterized mouse model of obstructive nephropathy. We determined IL-17 receptor signaling is required for protection against renal fibrosis following UUO. IL-17RA−/− mice developed severe morphological injury and displayed increased deposition of collagen in the obstructed kidney compared to controls. We observed a significant decrease in the level of matrix degrading enzymes in the kidney of IL-17RA−/− mice, despite normal ECM synthesis, correlating with increased fibrosis. Overexpression of IL-17 increased the level of matrix degrading enzymes and protected mice from renal fibrosis. We also show that IL-17R signaling in tubular epithelial cells up regulated multiple genes of Kallikrein-kinin system, known to play a critical role in renal protection against kidney fibrosis. Our data clearly indicate a previously unappreciated role of IL-17 in renal protection against fibrosis. These results offer the opportunity for the development of potential therapies in the treatment of chronic kidney diseases.
Planning that Works Outlined by an Educational Leadership Preparation Program in the United States that has Four Credentialing Agencies

The landscape for program accountability in K-12 school leadership preparation can be daunting for even the most seasoned professor or higher education administrator. The rising demands in today's accountability-driven environment require individuals to have the knowledge and skills needed to provide evidence that all accrediting agencies and program approval agency standards are met or exceeded and that there is continuous improvement in program outcomes. For an educational leadership preparation program in the Southeastern portion of the United States, four accreditors/program approval agencies include the National Policy Board for Educational Administration (NCPEA), the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP), the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC), and the Virginia Department of Education (VDOE). For those at the crossroads of assessment and evaluation responsible for establishing data gathering and data analysis, determining the best structures, supports, and approaches to advance student learning outcomes while fostering an improved school culture is a substantial undertaking.
Effect of Environmental Enrichment on the Body Weight in Broiler Chickens

27/June/2019 Approved: 19/March/2020 ABSTRACT The present study had the objective of analysing the impact of the use of environmental enrichment (music and light stimuli), broiler sex, and age in broiler chickens’ weight during growth. The observational study was carried out on a commercial farm. The environmental enrichment consisted of broilers’ stimulation by sound and light, and a house was kept without stimulus (control). The music stimuli consisted of different music styles and was played during the experiment to promote motivation for the birds. The light stimuli came from a coloured (red and green) LED strobe projector. Both stimuli were applied once a day for about 6 minutes, for five weeks. The broilers were weighed at the end of each week of growth. Throughout the growth period, broiler behaviours were analysed weekly through videos, and the leg disorders of the birds were put into score evaluations. The effects of the environmental enrichment type, gender, and age, and the probable interactions of these variables, on the weight of the broiler chickens were analysed by the comparative analysis of means, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey test of multiple comparisons. 7, 14, and 21 day old broiler chickens did not differ on body weight when compared with age, gender, and environmental enrichment (broiler house) ( p >0.05). Males from 21 days of age had an increase in body weight when compared with females. Light enrichment presented the lowest body weight when compared with all studied houses, while the absence of enrichment presented the
Production of Lignin-Based Phenolic Resins Using De-Polymerized Kraft Lignin and Process Optimization

ii Co-Authorship Statement iii Acknowledgement iv List of Tables vii List of Figures viii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1. Background 1 1.2. Substitution for Phenol with Lignin 3 1.3. LPF Resin Synthesis Parameters 5 1.4. Objectives 6 1.5. Thesis Structure 7 1.6. References 8 Chapter 2: Literature Review 1 2.1. History and Background of Adhesives 1 2.1.1. Natural Adhesives 1 2.1.2. Synthetic Adhesives 3 2.2. Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF) Resins: 5 2.2.1. PF Resole Synthesis and Curing 6 2.3. PF Synthesis and Curing Parameters 9 2.4. Bio-based Phenolic Resins 11 2.5. Lignin-based phenol formaldehyde (LPF) resins 15 2.6. Lignin Modification Techniques 15 2.6. 1. Methylolation and Phenolation 16 2.6. 2. Lignin Thermolysis Techniques 17 2.7. Concluding Remarks 19 2.8. References 20 Chapter 3: Synthesis of Lignin-based PF (LPF) Resoles at Large Phenol Substitution Ratios using De-polymerized Lignin from Hydrolytic Depolymerization of Kraft Lignin: Physical Properties 26 3.
Implementation of a MIMO-SAR Imaging Mode Based on OFDM Chirp Waveforms

In this letter, a novel and low-cost echo separation technique for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is presented, based on the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) chirp waveforms. The proposed scheme allows the generation of multiple OFDM chirp waveforms on common spectral support. In the new scheme, a series of simple time-domain operations including replica, T-shift, and superposition is applied to eliminate the interference waveform within a limited time. Then, a combination with a bandpass filter instead of a matched filter to focus signal power and digital beamforming (DBF) on receive in elevation enables the suppression of interference signals for a realistic spaceborne SAR scenario, where the swath width exceeds the spatial extension of the transmitted pulse. Furthermore, the distributed scene simulation results are presented to verify the practicability of the proposed scheme.
The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and childhood atopic dermatitis

Aim: We aimed to evaluate serum vitamin D levels among children who have atopic dermatitis (AD) and to determine relationship with its clinical features and laboratory. Material and Methods: One hundred twenty children (66 B, 54 G) with AD, aged between 1-16 years, followed up from Pediatric Allergy Outpatient Clinic were enrolled. Family history of atopy, comorbid allergic diseases, allergy skin prick tests, serum total peripheral blood eosinophil counts, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE levels, were recorded. AD severity was determined by using Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. The serum 25(OH)D vitamin levels were studied with HPLC method. Results: The mean serum total IgE level was 557 ± 425.3kU/L and mean blood eosinophil count was 557 ± 425.3 mm3. The mean serum 25(OH) vitamin D level was 28.42 ± 10.56 ng/ml. One of the patients (0.83%) had severe vitamin D deficiency, 16 (13.3%) had deficiency and 55 (45.8%) had insufficiency. Serum vitamin D level was normal in 48 (40 %) patients. According to SCORAD index, mean serum vitamin D level was higher in patients with mild AD (32.18 ± 7.91 ng/ml) than in patients with moderate disease(28.79 ± 11.02 ng/ml) or in patients with severe AD (23.78 ± 8.92 ng/ml)(p<0,05). Serum 25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated with SCORAD index values (r =-0.273, p= 0.003). Conclusions: In this study, we showed a reverse correlation between serum 25(OH)D vitamin level and atopic dermatitis severity. Vitamin D deficiency should be thought in unresponsive AD cases.
Impacto de factores de manejo sobre la concepción en vaquillonas lecheras

RESUMEN El incremento del número de vaquillonas preñadas por unidad de tiempo mejora la eficiencia reproductiva en rodeos lecheros. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el efecto de factores de manejo sobre la concepción. Se analizaron eventos reproductivos en 2532 vaquillonas, ocurridos en 37 años, ajustando modelos de riesgos proporcionales. El intervalo del primer servicio a la concepción (IPSC) fue definido como los días transcurridos entre el inicio del periodo de servicios (IPS) y la concepción. El período total de observación, por animal, fue de 90 días. Los modelos ajustados para IPSC incluyeron efectos de edad al inicio del período de servicio (IPS), año, número y estación de los servicios, tasa de concepción de los toros y la interacción año con estación de los servicios. El modelo Weibull ajustó el patrón de variación de IPSC. La concepción fue menor en vaquillonas de hasta 18 meses, en el segundo y tercer servicio, y cuando se usaron toros con baja tasa de concepción. La concepción aumentó en los servicios de otoño en 1,17 veces respecto a las de primavera. La identificación de factores de manejo que afectan los días a la concepción en vaquillonas permite corregir estrategias para mejorar la eficiencia reproductiva en el rodeo.
Isotopic niche and resource sharing among young sharks (Carcharodon carcharias and Isurus oxyrinchus) in Baja California, Mexico

White sharks Carcharodon carcharias and shortfin mako sharks Isurus oxyrinchus are globally distributed apex predators and keystone species. However, regional information regarding juvenile biology, such as habitat preferences and trophic ecology, is lacking. This study investigates habitat use and feeding ecology of juvenile shortfin mako and white sharks in an aggregation site with high catch of these species by artisanal fisheries in Sebastian Vizcaino Bay (SVB; Baja California, Mexico) using stable isotope analysis (SIA) of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). During 2015 and 2016, we collected muscle samples from newborn, young of the year, and juvenile shortfin mako and white sharks from individuals with similar body size, as well as local prey, to develop a conceptual foraging framework based on SIA. We found a positive relationship between shortfin mako length and δ15N values, indicating ontogenetic changes in diet based on prey or locality. Bayesian isotopic mixing models (MixSIR) using prey from different regions in the North Eastern Pacific suggested diet shifts in shortfin makos from offshore, northern habitats to inshore habitats of southern Baja (e.g. SVB), while analysis of white sharks reflected use of inshore habitats of both southern California, northern Baja, and SVB. Our results suggest shared resource use between these shark species and potentially high consumption of prey from SVB and other similar coastal regions in southern Baja. This study characterizes high use of inshore regions for juvenile shortfin mako and white sharks, which has important implications for management and conservation practices.
In vivo identification of GTPase interactors by mitochondrial relocalization and proximity biotinylation

The GTPases of the Ras superfamily regulate cell growth, membrane traffic and the cytoskeleton, and a wide range of diseases are caused by mutations in particular members. They function as switchable landmarks with the active GTP-bound form recruiting to the membrane a specific set of effector proteins. The GTPases are precisely controlled by regulators that promote acquisition of GTP (GEFs) or its hydrolysis to GDP (GAPs). We report here MitoID, a method for identifying effectors and regulators by performing in vivo proximity biotinylation with mitochondrially-localized forms of the GTPases. Applying this to 11 human Rab GTPases identified many known effectors and GAPs, as well as putative novel effectors, with examples of the latter validated for Rab2, Rab5 and Rab9. MitoID can also efficiently identify effectors and GAPs of Rho and Ras family GTPases such as Cdc42, RhoA, Rheb, and N-Ras, and can identify GEFs by use of GDP-bound forms.
Efficiency of Different Machine Layouts for Chain Flail Delimbing, Debarking and Chipping

Based on data collected from seven commercial harvesting operations in Western Australia, the study developed a productivity model for chain flail delimber–debarker–chippers (CFDDCs) used in blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) plantations. The tests covered 45 h and 3395 cycles, and were conducted using time-study techniques. Despite the observational character of the study and the dampening effect of multi-tree processing, the study yielded a viable prediction model for estimating CFDDC productivity as a function of mean tree size, tree form, bark–wood bond strength (BWBS), and machine type. Productivity increased with mean tree size on a logarithmic scale, and was lower for poorly formed trees and high BWBS. Under equal conditions, a separate delimber–debarker and a chipper were 10% to 20% less productive than the integrated delimber–debarker–chipper. Productivity estimates were consistent with those reported in published case studies of CFDDCs used in planted Eucalyptus. Neither this study nor any of the previous ones could offer a reliable estimate of long-term machine utilization, which would be an ideal subject for future research.