Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obstructive sleep apnea and psychiatric disorders: a systematic review.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with psychiatric pathology. Psychiatric comorbidity in OSA may affect patient quality of life and adherence to CPAP. A focused evaluation of OSA in highly selected groups of primarily psychiatric patients may provide further insights into the factors contributing to comorbidity of OSA and psychopathology. The goal of this study is to examine the prevalence and treatment of OSA in psychiatric populations. METHODS A systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted to determine the prevalence of OSA in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders, and to examine potential interventions. The PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched (last search April 26, 2014) using keywords based on the ICD-9-CM coding for OSA and the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic groups. RESULTS The search retrieved 47 records concerning studies of OSA in the selected disorders. The prevalence studies indicate that there may be an increased prevalence of OSA in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), despite considerable heterogeneity and a high risk of bias. There was insufficient evidence to support increased OSA in schizophrenia and psychotic disorders, bipolar and related disorders, and anxiety disorders other than PTSD. Studies of treatment of OSA indicate an improvement in both OSA and psychiatric symptoms. CPAP adherence was reduced in veterans with PTSD. CONCLUSIONS OSA prevalence may be increased in MDD and PTSD. In individuals with OSA and psychiatric illness, treatment of both disorders should be considered for optimal treatment outcomes.
W 2017 update on pain management in patients with chronic kidney disease

The prevalence of pain has been reported to be >60–70% among patients with advanced and end-stage kidney disease. Although the underlying etiologies of pain may vary, pain per se has been linked to lower quality of life and depression. The latter is of great concern given its known association with reduced survival among patients with end-stage kidney disease. We herein discuss and update the management of pain in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without requirement for renal replacement therapy with the focus on optimizing pain control while minimizing therapy-induced complications.
Information and Processes Underlying Semantic and Episodic Memory Across Tasks, Items, and Individuals

The development of memory theory has been constrained by a focus on isolated tasks rather than the processes and information that are common to situations in which memory is engaged. We present results from a study in which 453 participants took part in five different memory tasks: single-item recognition, associative recognition, cued recall, free recall, and lexical decision. Using hierarchical Bayesian techniques, we jointly analyzed the correlations between tasks within individuals—reflecting the degree to which tasks rely on shared cognitive processes—and within items—reflecting the degree to which tasks rely on the same information conveyed by the item. Among other things, we find that (a) the processes involved in lexical access and episodic memory are largely separate and rely on different kinds of information, (b) access to lexical memory is driven primarily by perceptual aspects of a word, (c) all episodic memory tasks rely to an extent on a set of shared processes which make use of semantic features to encode both single words and associations between words, and (d) recall involves additional processes likely related to contextual cuing and response production. These results provide a large-scale picture of memory across different tasks which can serve to drive the development of comprehensive theories of memory.
Torque Analysis on a Double Rotor Electrical Variable Transmission With Hybrid Excitation

An electrical variable transmission (EVT) can be used as a power splitting device in hybrid electrical vehicles. The EVT analyzed in this paper is a rotating field electrical machine having two concentric rotors. On the outer rotor, permanent magnets (PMs) are combined with a dc-field winding, being the first implementation of its kind. The magnetic field in the machine as well as the electromagnetic torque on both rotors are a function of the q- and d-axis currents of the stator and inner rotor, as well as the dc-field current. To describe and fully understand this multiple-input multiple-output machine, this paper gives an overview of the influence of the different current inputs on the flux linkage and torque on both rotors. Focus is given to the hybrid excitation in the d-axis by combining the dc-field current and the alternating currents. This has the advantage compared to other EVT topologies that unwanted stator torque can be avoided without stator d-axis current flux weakening. Results of the analysis are presented by means of the torque to current characteristics of a double rotor PM-assisted EVT, as well as the torque to current ratios. The machine characteristics are finally experimentally verified on a prototype machine.
Experimental Characterization of LTE Wireless Links in High-Speed Trains

Multimedia and data-based services experienced a nonstopping growth over the last few years. People are continuously on the move using devices to access multimedia contents or other data-based services. Due to this, railway companies are showing a great interest in deploying broadband mobile wireless networks in high-speed-trains with the aim of supporting both passenger services provisioning as well as automatic train control and signaling. Nowadays, the most widely used technology for communications between trains and the railway infrastructure is GSM for Railways (GSM-R); however, it has limited capabilities to support such advanced services. Due to its success in the mass market, Long Term Evolution (LTE) seems to be the best candidate to substitute GSM-R. In this paper, we experimentally characterize the downlink between an LTE Evolved NodeB (eNodeB) and a high-speed train in a commercial high-speed line. We consider two links: the one between the eNodeB and the antennas placed outdoors on the train roof, and the direct link between the eNodeB and a receiver inside the train. Such a characterization consists in assessing the path loss, the Signal to Noise Ratio, the -Factor, the Power Delay Profile, the delay spread, and the Doppler Power Spectral Density.
Evolving techniques in colonoscopy

Purpose of reviewThis review summarizes recent clinical studies of colonoscopy technique and new technologies. Recent findingsWater immersion reduces pain and sedation doses in unsedated and lightly sedated colonoscopy. Cap-fitted colonoscopy makes insertion faster and improves detection of lesions behind folds, but the latter effect is operator-dependent. A single controlled trial showed improved detection with the Third Eye Retroscope, but the two arms of the study were not controlled for withdrawal time. Chromoendoscopy increases detection of diminutive adenomas, but adds time to the colonoscopy procedure. Electronic chromoendoscopy methods (narrow band imaging, Fujinon Intelligent ChromoEndoscopy, i-scan, and autofluorescence) have been either unsuccessful in improving detection or require more study. However, these methods and several other methods (chromoendoscopy with magnification, confocal laser microscopy, and endocytoscopy) allow accurate real time determination of polyp histology. SummaryWater immersion is a clear advance in unsedated colonoscopy. Cap-fitted colonoscopy is a promising method for both practical and effective visualization of the proximal sides of haustral folds. Electronic chromoendoscopy has been largely ineffective at improving polyp detection, but is effective (as are confocal laser microscopy and endocytoscopy) for diagnosis of polyp histology.
Zipf'S Law As Assessment Tool Of Urban Inequality

The paper is concerned with the topical issues of regional economics â€“ urban inequality in the Russian Federation. Empirical investigations of Zipf's law were studied in the foreign and Russian literature. Application of this law for assessment of urban inequality using the method of least squares was substantiated. Assessment of urban inequality within the boundaries of the RF federal districts by the indices of population, volume of own production of goods and services is carried out in the paper. The authors used the data of the Federal State Statistics Service for 2014, the investigation included the settlements with the status of a town and with the population over 100 thousand people. Zipf's law displays over the entire territory of Russia. By the population index in the federal districts, Zipf's factor varies within the range from â€“ 0.7 (Northwestern Federal District) to â€“ 0.9 (North Caucasian Federal District). As a result of the performed analysis of the Russia's cities by the population index, Zipf's factor is within the range from â€“0.3 (Northwestern Federal District) to â€“1.2 (Central Federal District). Analysis of the volume of production of goods and services determined the range of Zipf's factor from â€“0.26 (North Caucasian Federal District) to â€“ 0.7 (Central and Volga Federal Districts). By the index of population and volume of production of goods and services the following "primate cities" are determined: Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Yekaterinburg (population), which allows to draw a conclusion on their dominance in urban system and high differentiation of cities by these indices. The obtained empirical estimators prove that Russia has no intermediate group of cities macroregional centers. The results of the investigation can be used for creation of methodological tools to develop the mechanisms of smoothing of interregional inequality, program of economic and social development of cities.
Effect of congestion and voltage security on pricing in deregulated environment

Deregulation of electric industry has a direct impact on the increasing number of transactions. This lowers the available margin and leads to the increased congestion of transmission lines. Thus the system becomes more vulnerable to collapse. Analyzing the system security and congestion, and determining their effects on pricing becomes more important than ever in the deregulated environment. This paper studies the effect of congestion and voltage stability constraint (VSC) on pricing and that is applied on the 132 KV part of the North-Eastern Grid of India for practical reliability analysis of the proposed model. Locational marginal price (LMP) is used to study the effect of congestion in the pricing model. The VSC is included in the optimal power flow (OPF) problem that maximizes the social benefit and the distance from the nose point. Other security constraints like voltage limits and reactive power limits are also included in OPF. Available transfer capability (ATC) is evaluated using repeated power flow. The concept of loadability is used to include voltage stability constraint in OPF. Linear programming technique is used here to solve the OPF problem. The effect of N-1 contingency is also considered on congestion. N-1 contingency is incorporated by considering generator loss and line loss (one by one). Loss of heavily loaded lines is considered for this model. The model is tested on the 80 bus, 132 kV system of the North-Eastern Grid of India and implemented on Matlab environment.
Renal Disease Among the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians

OBJECTIVE— To ascertain the incidence and prevalence of ESRD in the Eastern Band of Cherokee in the IHS user population from 1978 to 1988 and to determine what proportion of ESRD and chronic renal failure is attributable to diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Cases were identified from three IHS data sources and from death records obtained from the North Carolina Bureau of Health Statistics. Chronic renal insufficiency was defined as an individual having a serum creatinine of ≥ or = 176.8 μM that remained at that level for a sustained period. An ESRD case was defined as one in which dialysis was required to sustain life, regardless of whether treatment was actually implemented. Data were obtained from chart review and included date of diagnosis, maximum serum creatine level attained, diabetes status, and certain demographic data. RESULTS— Twenty-two (88%) cases of ESRD were attributable to diabetes. The average annual incidence of ESRD during the study period was much higher than that in the U.S. white population and that of Native Americans. The incidence of ESRD caused by diabetes was 2.5 times higher than that reported in the U.S. Native American population affected by diabetes. Degree of Indian inheritance did not appear to be related to prevalence of diabetic renal disease in individuals having diagnosed diabetes. CONCLUSIONS— The proportion of ESRD attributable to diabetes indicates that primary prevention of diabetes may be the best method of preventing ESRD in this population.
“A Fool to Keep Staying”: Battered Women Labeling Themselves Stupid as an Expression of Gendered Shame

In this qualitative study with women who have left abusive heterosexual relationships, the informants labeling themselves stupid is investigated. Several different meanings ascribed to stupidity were found, with feeling stupid for allowing oneself to be mistreated and for staying in the abusive relationship as main themes. Four frames for interpreting the findings are presented: abusive relationship dynamics, gendered shame, the gender-equality-oriented Nordic context, and leaving processes. It is proposed that feeling— and labeling oneself—stupid is an expression of gendered shame or, more explicitly, of battered shame.
Are Multiple Angiotensin Receptor Types Involved in Angiotensin (1-7) Actions on Isolated Rat Portal Vein?

Angiotensin (1-7) [Ang (1-7)] is a bioactive component of the renin angiotensin system. Ang (1-7) may interact with angiotensin type 1 (AT1) or type 2 (AT2) receptors and with Ang (1-7) — specific receptors. We examined the interactions between different doses of Ang (1-7) (1nM-1microM) and angiotensin II (Ang II) (10 and 100nM) on isolated rat portal vein. In endothelium-denuded portal vein rings, Ang (1-7) inhibited contractile effects induced by Ang II. The effects of Ang (1-7) were modified by indomethacin, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), (D-Ala7)-Angiotensin (1-7) (H-2888) and losartan. Our results suggest that on rat isolated portal vein rings without endothelium, Ang (1-7) reduces Ang II—induced contractions by acting mostly on Ang (1-7) specific receptors, and this effect is mediated by vasodilatatory prostaglandins. At high concentrations, Ang (1-7) effects are mediated by AT1-receptors, though to a lesser extent than by Ang (1-7) specific receptors.
Systematic Localization Study on Novel Proteins Encoded by Meiotically Up-Regulated ORFs in Fission Yeast

We conducted a mitotic localization study on gene products encoded by 56 uncharacterized fission yeast ORFs that were transcriptionally up-regulated during meiotic division. Despite meiotic gene induction, these genes were expressed during mitosis as well. Seven gene products were localized in the nucleus and/or chromatin; another one was a mitosis-specific spindle pole body component and, intriguingly, its human homologue was also localized in the centrosome of cultured HeLa cells. Two products appeared to be localized in cytoplasmic microtubules, whereas four were mitochondrial proteins. Three other proteins were found in the medial ring upon cytokinesis and another was localized on the entire cell periphery. The remaining 38 proteins were detected in the cytoplasm and showed varied spatial patterns. This systematic study helps our integrated understanding of all the protein functions in the fission yeast as a eukaryotic model.
Prevalence and influence of diagnostic tests for acute respiratory tract infections in primary care.

BACKGROUND General practitioners (GPs) use diagnostic tests to help distinguish between viral and bacterial acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI). We investigated the prevalence of these tests, and how tests are associated with diagnosis, treatment and patient satisfaction. METHODS As part of a clinical trial, 45 GPs screened 1108 patients with ARTI and collected information on signs and symptoms, diagnostic test results, and subsequent diagnosis and treatment. A sample of 636 patients was interviewed after 7 days and their opinions recorded. We used multivariate mixed models to estimate associations between the use of tests and (1) baseline characteristics, (2) subsequent antibiotic treatment, and (3) patient satisfaction. RESULTS GPs carried out at least one test in 42% of the 1108 patients screened. The tests used were (percentage of patients): CRP (35%), leucocyte count (17%), rapid Strep A (9%), chest X-ray (5%), sinus X-ray (1%), and throat culture (1%). The use of tests was associated with increasing patient age, education, and degree of discomfort. Antibiotic therapy was strongly associated with a positive test, with odds ratios of 26 (95% CI, 10-67) for a CRP above 50 mg/l; 9.6 (95% CI, 3.6-26) for a leucocyte count above 10,000/microl; and 122 (4.4-3435) for a positive StrepA test. There was no evidence of an association between the use of tests and patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of these patients with ARTI received a diagnostic test. Older patients, those with higher education and those in more discomfort were more likely to get tests. A positive test was strongly associated with antibiotic treatment.
Symmetry of H+ Binding to the Intra- and Extracellular Side of the H+-coupled Oligopeptide Cotransporter PepT1*

Ion-coupled solute transporters exhibit pre-steady-tate currents that resemble those of voltage-dependent ion channels. These currents were assumed to be mostly due to binding and dissociation of the coupling ion near the extracellular transporter surface. Little attention was given to analogous events that may occur at the intracellular surface. To address this issue, we performed voltage clamp studies of Xenopus oocytes expressing the intestinal H+-coupled peptide cotransporter PepT1 and recorded the dependence of transient charge movements in the absence of peptide substrate on changing intra- (pHi) and extracellular pH (pHo). Rapid steps in membrane potential induced transient charge movements that showed a marked dependence on pHi and pHo. At a pHo of 7.0 and a holding potential (Vh) of −50 mV, the charge movements were mostly inwardly directed, whereas reduction of pHo to below 7.0 resulted in outwardly directed charge movements. When pHi was reduced, inwardly directed charge movements were observed. The data on the voltage dependence of the transient charge movements were fitted by the Boltzmann equation, yielding an apparent valence of 0.65 ± 0.03 (n = 7). The midpoint voltage (V0.5) of the charge distribution shifted linearly as a function of pHi and pHo. Our results indicate that, as a first approximation, the magnitude and polarity of the transient charge movements depend upon the prevailing H+ electrochemical gradient. We propose that PepT1 has a single proton binding site that is symmetrically accessible from both sides of the membrane and that decreasing the H+ chemical potential (ΔμH) or increasing the membrane potential (Vm) shifts this binding site from an outwardly to an inwardly facing occluded state. This concept constitutes an important extension of previous kinetic models of ion-coupled solute transporters by including a more detailed description of intracellular events.
Cumulative Childhood Stress and Autoimmune Diseases in Adults

Objective: To examine whether childhood traumatic stress increased the risk of developing autoimmune diseases as an adult. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 15,357 adult health maintenance organization members enrolled in the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Study from 1995 to 1997 in San Diego, California, and eligible for follow-up through 2005. ACEs included childhood physical, emotional, or sexual abuse; witnessing domestic violence; growing up with household substance abuse, mental illness, parental divorce, and/or an incarcerated household member. The total number of ACEs (ACE Score range = 0-8) was used as a measure of cumulative childhood stress. The outcome was hospitalizations for any of 21 selected autoimmune diseases and 4 immunopathology groupings: T- helper 1 (Th1) (e.g., idiopathic myocarditis); T-helper 2 (Th2) (e.g., myasthenia gravis); Th2 rheumatic (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis); and mixed Th1/Th2 (e.g., autoimmune hemolytic anemia). Results: Sixty-four percent reported at least one ACE. The event rate (per 10,000 person-years) for a first hospitalization with any autoimmune disease was 31.4 in women and 34.4 in men. First hospitalizations for any autoimmune disease increased with increasing number of ACEs (p < .05). Compared with persons with no ACEs, persons with ≥2 ACEs were at a 70% increased risk for hospitalizations with Th1, 80% increased risk for Th2, and 100% increased risk for rheumatic diseases (p < .05). Conclusions: Childhood traumatic stress increased the likelihood of hospitalization with a diagnosed autoimmune disease decades into adulthood. These findings are consistent with recent biological studies on the impact of early life stress on subsequent inflammatory responses. ACE = adverse childhood experience; AD = autoimmune disease; Th1 = T-helper 1; Th2 = T-helper 2; CRP = C-reactive protein; CRH = corticoid releasing hormone.
Decentralization by Devolution; Perceptions of Councilors on the Level of their Decision Making Authority in Local Government Experience from Tarime Town Council

Early 1990s governments across the South have embarked on democratic decentralization reforms aimed at introducing and strengthening local governance because of its assumed potential to improve the delivery of public services and alleviate poverty. To comply with that international practice, in early 2000 Tanzania government decide embarked on an ambitious Local Government Reform Program that addressed Political decentralization. Political decentralization signaled the government’s commitment to enhance the decision making authority of local government councils on matters affecting local development including determining priorities for local development, land use, finance, service delivery and human resource management. This paper sought to find out whether the selected local government council led by councilors enjoys the development planning, and service delivery authority as established in the local government law. The findings have confirmed that the case study council enjoyed modest decision making authority in the areas of local development planning, selecting local development strategy, and enjoyed even greater authority over service delivery powers.
Media Strategy and Emerging Youth Markets

This paper explores the media habits of teenage subcultures using publicly available marketing intelligence. Specifically, it profiles three teen subcultures namely, skaters and bladers, geeks and gamers and clubbers and ravers. While the optimal media mix for teens should be weighted towards new media, differences across teen subcultures require advertisers to devise a unique media mix for each subculture.