Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Phytate Content of Newly Released wheat Varieties during Different Processing Methods

Wheat (Triticumaestivum) is the most important staple food crop and occupies a unique position for more than one third of the world population. Globally, wheat is the leading source of vegetable protein in human food, having a higher protein content than other major cereals, maize (corn) or rice.In terms of total production tonnages used for food, it is currently second to rice as the main human food crop and contributes more calories and proteins to the world diet than any other cereal crops. Wheat is nutritious and provides more nourishment for humans than any other food source. The wheat flour contains various anti-nutrients like phytates, oxalates, polyphenols etc.,. Phytic acid (also known as phytate) is a substance (anti nutrient) found in many types of plant foods, such as grains (wheat, maize, bajra etc.,), legumes (including peanuts and soybeans), nuts, and seeds. It is found thatphytic acid is found predominantly (about 80% of it) in the bran, or outermost shell, of whole grains. The various processing methods like soaking, roasting, sprouting and malting reduces the phytic content in wheat. Two newly released varieties of wheat (WH-1080 and WH-1025) and one conventional variety of wheat C-306 were procured from the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS HAU, Hisar in a single lot. All the wheat varieties were cleaned, washed well under running tap water to get rid of all the dust, soil particles and foreign matter, dried & ground to flour using aatachakki and processed in three different ways roasting, sprouting and malting and were used for nutritional evaluation of raw and processed wheat varieties and inference. Phytic acid content in unprocessed wheat varieties ranged from 234.15 mg/100g to 253.9 mg/100g and in processed wheat varieties from 167.18 mg/100g to 241.63 mg/100g. Processing treatments resulted in significant decrease in the phytic acid levels. Lowest phytic acid content was found in sprouted WH-1080 variety (167.18 mg/100g). Sprouting significantly (P<0.05) reduced the anti nutrient as compared to malting and roasting. There was reduction of 19.21% 28.6% of phytic acid levels during sprouting. Thus sprouting method was found to be most beneficial in reducing anti nutrient (phytic) of all the wheat varieties.
Hydrological control of As concentrations in Bangladesh groundwater

The elevated arsenic (As) content of groundwater from wells across Bangladesh and several other South Asian countries is estimated to slowly poison at least 100 million people. The heterogeneous distribution of dissolved arsenic in the subsurface complicates understanding of its release from the sediment matrix into the groundwater, as well as the design of mitigation strategies. Using the tritium‐helium (3H/3He) groundwater dating technique, we show that there is a linear correlation between groundwater age at depths <20 m and dissolved As concentration, with an average slope of 19 μg L−1 yr−1 (monitoring wells only). We propose that either the kinetics of As mobilization or the removal of As by groundwater flushing is the mechanism underlying this relationship. In either case, the spatial variability of As concentrations in the top 20 m of the shallow aquifers can to a large extent be attributed to groundwater age controlled by the hydrogeological heterogeneity in the local groundwater flow system.
Molecular insights into the microbial formation of marine dissolved organic matter: recalcitrant or labile?

The degradation of marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important control variable in the global carbon cycle. For our understanding of the kinetics of organic matter cycling in the ocean, it is crucial to achieve a mechanistic and molecular understanding of its transformation processes. A long-term microbial experiment was performed to follow the production of non-labile DOM by marine bacteria. Two different glucose concentrations and dissolved algal exudates were used as substrates. We monitored the bacterial abundance, concentrations of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC, POC), nutrients, amino acids and transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) for 2 years. The molecular characterization of extracted DOM was performed by ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) after 70 days and after ∼2 years of incubation. Although glucose quickly degraded, a non-labile DOC background (5–9% of the initial DOC) was generated in the glucose incubations. Only 20% of the organic carbon from the algal exudate degraded within the 2 years of incubation. The degradation rates for the non-labile DOC background in the different treatments varied between 1 and 11 μmol DOC L −1 year −1 . Transparent exopolymer particles, which are released by microorganisms, were produced during glucose degradation but decreased back to half of the maximum concentration within less than 3 weeks (degradation rate: 25 μg xanthan gum equivalents L −1 d −1 ) and were below detection in all treatments after 2 years. Additional glucose was added after 2 years to test whether labile substrate can promote the degradation of background DOC (co-metabolism; priming effect). A priming effect was not observed but the glucose addition led to a slight increase of background DOC. The molecular analysis demonstrated that DOM generated during glucose degradation differed appreciably from DOM transformed during the degradation of the algal exudates. Our results led to several conclusions: (i) based on our experimental setup, higher substrate concentration resulted in a higher concentration of non-labile DOC; (ii) TEP, generated by bacteria, degrade rapidly, thus limiting their potential contribution to carbon sequestration; (iii) the molecular signatures of DOM derived from algal exudates and glucose after 70 days of incubation differed strongly from refractory DOM. After 2 years, however, the molecular patterns of DOM in glucose incubations were more similar to deep ocean DOM whereas the degraded exudate was still different.
An Analysis of Livestock Choice: Adapting to Climate Change in Latin American Farms

The authors explore how Latin American livestock farmers adapt to climate by switching species. They develop a multinomial choice model of farmer's choice of livestock species. Estimating the models across over 1,200 livestock farmers in seven countries, they find that both temperature and precipitation affect the species Latin American farmers choose. The authors then use this model to predict how future climate scenarios would affect species choice. Global warming will cause farmers to switch to beef cattle at the expense of dairy cattle.
Cobalt ( II ) , Nickel ( II ) and Copper ( II ) Complexes of 5 Methyl 3 ’ [ ( 2 ’ ) 6 ’ Methyl Benzimidazolyl ]

Synthesis, characterization Mass, IR, PMR and coordinating properties of a imidazolyl pyrazole viz 5-methyl-3-(2')-6'methyl-benzimidazolyl) pyrazole (MBP) containing the well known chelating group –N=C-C=Nare reported.A host of electrolytic metallic complexes, M(MBP)nX2.2H2O (M= Co / Ni / Cu , n = 2 or 3, X = a counter ion like Cl ̄, Br ̄, NO3 ̄,I ̄, ClO3 ̄ etc ) of the ligand ( C11H12N4 ) identified by physicchemical techniques are described. Keyword: 5-methyl-3-[2'-6'-methyl benzimidazolyl] pyrazole, Mass, IR, PMR
Power-law distributions in geoscience revisited

The size or energy of diverse structures or phenomena in geoscience appears to follow power-law distributions. A rigorous statistical analysis of such observations is tricky, though. Observables can span several orders of magnitude, but the range for which the power law may be valid is typically truncated, usually because the smallest events are too tiny to be detected and the largest ones are limited by the system size. We revisit several examples of proposed power-law distributions dealing with potentially damaging natural phenomena. Adequate fits of the distributions of sizes are especially important in these cases, given that they may be used to assess long-term hazard. After reviewing the theoretical background for power-law distributions, we improve an objective statistical fitting method and apply it to diverse data sets. The method is described in full detail and it is easy to implement. Our analysis elucidates the range of validity of the power-law fit and the corresponding exponent, and whether a power-law tail is improved by a truncated log-normal. We confirm that impact fireballs and Californian earthquakes show untruncated power-law behavior, whereas global earthquakes follow a double power law. Tropical cyclones and rain precipitation over space and time show a truncated power-law regime. Karst sinkholes and wildfires, in contrast, are better described by truncated log-normals, although wildfires also may show power-law regimes. Our conclusions only apply to the analyzed data sets, but show the potential of applying this robust statistical technique in the future.
Analysis of the fouling build-up of a spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane in the treatment of two-phase olive mill wastewater

Analysis of the Fouling Build-up of a Spiral Wound Reverse Osmosis Membrane in the Treatment of Two-phase Olive Mill Wastewater Javier Miguel Ochando-Pulido,Marco Stoller,Maria Dolores Víctor-Ortega, Antonio Martínez-Férez a Chemical Engineering Department, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentnueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Department of Chemical Engineering, Via Eudossiana, 18-00184 Rome, Italy jmochandop@ugr.es
Fast-evolving weather for the coolest of our two new substellar neighbours

We present the results of intense photometric monitoring in the near-infrared ( 0.9 m) with the TRAPPIST robotic telescope of the newly discovered binary brown dwarf WISE J104915.57-531906.1, the third closest system to the Sun at a distance of only 2 pc. Our twelve nights of time-series photometry reveal a quasi-periodic (P = 4:87 0:01h) variability with a maximum peak-peak amplitude of 11% and strong night-to-night evolution. We attribute this variability to the rotational modulation of fast-evolving weather patterns in the atmosphere of the coolest component ( T1-type) of the binary. No periodic signal is detected for the hottest component ( L8-type). For both brown dwarfs, our data allow us to firmly discard any unique transit during our observations for planets 2R . For orbital periods smaller than 9.5 h, transiting planets are excluded down to an Earth-size.
Bayesian Designs for Early Phase Clinical Trials with Novel Target Agents

BAYESIAN DESIGNS FOR EARLY PHASE CLINICAL TRIALS WITH NOVEL TARGETED AGENTS Heng Zhou, M.S. Advisory Professor: Ying Yuan, Ph.D. My dissertation mainly focus on Bayesian designs for early phase clinical trials with novel target agents. It includes three specific topics: (1) reviewing novel phase I clinical trial designs and comparing their operating characteristics; (2) Proposing a Bayesian optimal phase II clinical trial (BOP2) design with simple and complex endpoints under a unified framework; and (3) extending the BOP2 design to incorporate the durable clinical response as a primary endpoint. A number of novel model-based and model-assisted designs have been proposed to find the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in phase I clinical trials, but their differences and relative pros and cons are not clear to many practitioners. We review three model-based designs, including the continual reassessment method (CRM), dose escalation with overdose control (EWOC), and Bayesian logistic regression model (BLRM), and three model-assisted designs, including the modified toxicity probability interval (mTPI), Bayesian optimal interval (BOIN), and keyboard designs. We conduct numerical studies to assess their accuracy, safety and reliability, and the practical implications of various empirical rules used in some designs, such as skipping a dose and imposing overdose control. Our results show that the CRM outperforms EWOC and BLRM with higher accuracy of identifying the MTD. For the
Biomass Allocation Influenced by Canopy Closure in a Young Spruce Stand

Growth intensity of particular tree components is controlled by a variety of factors and as a consequence, biomass allocation also changes over time. Since the allocation of biomass controls the carbon regime in a forest stand, tree standing stock and biomass structure, with regard to tree components: fine and coarse roots, stem, branches and needles, were estimated in a young Norway spruce stand based on repeated tree sampling, soil coring and allometric equations (modelled for 2009 and 2013, i.e. for 12- and 16-years-old trees). Large differences were found between the two models in the contribution of the tree components to aboveground biomass. Between the first and fifth year of the experiment, below - ground to aboveground biomass ratio as well as short-lived to long-lived tree part ratio manifested decreasing tendencies. At the same time, the stand possibly reached the maximum standing stock of both needles and fine roots. It is concluded that for biomass allocation estimates in young stands, not only stand-specific but also time-specific allometric relations should be constructed and implemented. Further, there appears to be a canopy closure threshold beyond which biomass allocation is different from the situation in sparse young spruce stands.
Sclerochronological Studies in the Humboldt Current System, A Highly Variable Ecosystem

ABSTRACT The Humboldt Current that bathes the west coast of South America is affected by different influences at daily to decadal periodicities. Environmental influences such as upwelling or coastal trapped waves as well as climate influences such as El Niño southern oscillation and Pacific decadal oscillation events interact and modify the thermonutricline depth of this Humboldt Current System. The position of this thermonutricline plays a key role in Humboldt Current System functioning by driving sea surface temperature (SST) and primary production variations. As filter feeders, bivalves are particularly affected by SST and primary production, and their shells can provide information about these two environmental factors. Using sclerochronology, we studied three bivalve species from different ecological niches living along the Peruvian—Chilean coast. Depending on the species, thick or thin sections, etched or not, were studied using an optical microscope. Increment thicknesses were measured at the surface of the shell and/or in cross-section. Moreover, the mineralogical composition of the different layers of the studied shells was determined on thin sections by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses. Growth results were then interpreted tentatively in terms of environmental variations. For the free-living, short-lived Pectinidae Argopecten purpuratus, the daily growth rhythm is linked to the solar period whereas growth amplitude seems to be related to the occurrence of spawning events, probably triggered by specific water temperature patterns. tidal regime and SST seem to be the major environmental parameters that govern shell growth rhythms and/or increment thickness for two nearshore species—the Mytilidae Choromytilus chorus and the Veneridae Eurhomalea rufa—which grow more slowly and have a life span longer than A. purpuratus, and have a strong potential for paleo-environmental and paleo- El Niño southern oscillation reconstruction. These results need to be confirmed studying multiple shells to quantify individual growth variations and to enhance the significance of the findings on the different environmental parameters recorded in the growth patterns of the South American bivalve species studied.
Wintering in the sun : niche partitioning by three nonbreeding Pterodroma petrel 1 species in the equatorial Pacific Ocean 2 3 Running head : Niche partitioning by nonbreeding Pterodroma petrels 4 5

43 Niche divergence is expected for species that compete for shared resources, including migrants that 44 occupy similar regions during the non-breeding season. Studies of temperate seabirds indicate that 45 both spatial and behavioural segregation can be important mechanisms for reducing competition, but 46 there have been few investigations of resource partitioning by closely-related taxa in low productivity, 47 tropical environments. We investigated niche partitioning in three gadfly petrel taxa, Pterodroma 48 leucoptera leucoptera (n = 22) , P. leucoptera caledonica (n = 7) and P. pycrofti (n = 12) during their 49 non-breeding season in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean by combining tracking data from 50 geolocator-immersion loggers with remotely-sensed environmental data in species distribution models 51 (SDMs), and by comparing feather stable isotope ratios. The three taxa showed spatial partitioning; 52 two foraged in the North Equatorial Counter Current and one in the South Equatorial Current. This 53 reflected differences in their realised habitat niches, with significant taxon-specific responses to 54 thermocline depth, sea surface temperature and bathymetry. There were also differences among taxa 55 in activity patterns, and all birds spent a much larger proportion of time in flight at night than during 56 the day, suggesting predominance of nocturnal foraging behaviour. Comparison of stable isotope 57 ratios in feathers suggests that P. leucoptera leucoptera and P. pycrofti mainly consume vertically58 migrating mesopelagic fishes, whereas the diet of P. leucoptera caledonica also include some lower 59 trophic level including crustaceans and squid. Unique insights can be gained from studies of the 60 foraging ecology of tropical pelagic seabirds, in comparison with temperate and polar waters, and are 61 urgently required for understanding and protecting tropical avifauna in key marine habitats 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Insulin Resistance in Obese Diabetic Patients

Background: many indicators show that lipid profiles with insulin resistance were associated with cardiovascular disease. The atherogeninc index now regard as a strong index for cardiac risk application. Aim of study: this study was done to approve the importance of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in predicting dyslipidemia and etherogenecity in obese and non-obese in type 2 diabetes. Subjects and methods: The study consistedof (105) subjects, were dividing into three group, the first contain 50 obese DM, second group contain 35 non obese DM, and 30 as healthy control.Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured with an enzymatic colorimetric method, insulin and HbA1c were estimated by sandwich ELISA technique, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), Atherogenic Plasma index (AIP) and Atherogenic coefficient (AC) were calculated using special formula. Result: the results of the study revealed a significant increase in BMI, wist/hip, FPG, insulin, HOMA, HbA1c, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, TG, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, AIP and AC, AIP has appositive significant correlation with wist/hip, HOMA, TG, and VLDL, while AC has appositive significant correlation with TC, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL and negative significant correlation with TG, and HDL. Also HbA1 show appositive significant correlation with BMI, FPG, LDL/HDL and negative significant correlation with wist/hip, VLDL in nonobese group Also this study show's appositive significant correlation of AC with BMI, TG, VLDL, TC/HDL and negative significant correlation with insulin. HbA1c was revealed appositive significant correlation with Age, FPG, insulin, HOMA, LDL, LDL/HDL, and negative significant correlation with BMI. AIP appeared appositive significant correlation with TG, LDL, VLDL, TC/HDL, and LDL/HDL in obese group Conclusion: these results concluded that hyperglycemia and high level of HbA1c were associated with increased AIP and AC, these factors leads to increased risk of developing CVD.
Virgin Olive Oils: Environmental Conditions, Agronomical Factors and Processing Technology Affecting the Chemistry of Flavor Profile

However, the composition of VOO can change dramatically depending on the olive variety, field management, olive fruit maturity degree, harvesting and processing, which can affect its final characteristic flavour. At industrial level, the extraction conditions applied can affect the concentration and composition of phenolic and volatile compounds, with possible negative consequence and the formation of off-flavours. Olive crushing, malaxation, centrifugation, filtration and storage were reported to be all possible factors affecting VOO flavour.
Cord Blood Stem Cell Processing, Banking and Thawing

Unrelated donor cord blood (CB) is one of the three sources of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that are capable of curing ~80–160 standard hematologic and certain non-hematologic indications. Despite its many advantages, the principal drawback for CB in HSCT is its limited cell dose. Our group has focused on developing minimally manipulated technologies and strategies to maximize stem, progenitor, and nucleated cell doses to overcome this limitation. The term “MaxCell” is used in this chapter to denote two proprietary CB volume reduction processing technologies that yield virtually 100% recovery of all cell lineages in the manufactured CB products, including what the authors designate as “second generation” (2nd Gen) or plasma depletion/reduction (PDR) and “third generation” (3 rd Gen) MaxCB or MaxCord CB processing technologies. In our proposed nomenclature system, the traditional red cell reduction (RCR) processing techniques are designated as “first generation” methods. The properties of various popular 1st Gen techniques are compared to the MaxCell CB processing technologies. Parallel processing with the traditional hetastarch (HES) RCR technique and the patented MaxCell CB processing technology were used to compare recovery of the various stem, progenitor, nucleated, and red cell lineages. MaxCell processing technology achieved virtually 100% recovery of all stem, progenitor, and nucleated cells tested after processing, with high cell viability upon thawing. The higher cell recovery produced MaxCell MaxCell CB, and patients receiving MaxCell CB showed superior engraftment, and transplant-related mortality, confirming pre-match observations. In addition, the three main post-thaw manipulation methods are reviewed. Comparison data for some of the thaw methods are presented, and matched-pair analysis was used to confirm the superiority of direct infusion thaw method over post-thaw wash for MaxCell CB products.
Artificial intelligences and the limits of computing

Much has been heard about the of artificial intelligence (AI) and the intelligent machines, but very little about the limits of computation that make or not possible the simulations of intelligences in artificial systems. If, on the one hand, computer hardware has advanced a lot, that is to say, hardware, which actually became faster, smaller and more powerful, on the other, there is little or nothing advance in the engineering techniques of the software that make them work computer technical supports, that is, software, as well as the conceptual theories that underlie and structure them. The aim of this article is to explore the mistake made by the mass media, and, ultimately, by the AI scientists and enthusiasts: the fact that the emergence of systems cybernetic, informational, intelligent, supposedly living, conscious of themselves and the world around them. A belief that definitely has no echo in the factual reality, much less considering the current limits of computing.