Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alaska's "Molly Hootch Case": High Schools and the Village Voice.

Nine years ago, Anna Tobeluk was an 18-year-old casualty of Alaska’s failure to provide rural high schools. Anna lived in Nunapitchuk, an Eskimo village of 400 people 410 miles west of Anchorage. After finishing ninth grade in the village’s Bureau of Indian Affairs elementary school, she was at the end of the educational road. For in Nunapitchuk, as in 120 other native villages throughout the state, children who wanted schooling above the elementary level had no choice but to enter a boarding program, sometimes hundreds of miles away, to live in a dormitory or in the home of a stranger for nine months each year. Indeed, Nunapitchuk was lucky to have a ninth-grade program. In all but a handful of the villages, schooling stopped after the eighth grade.
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic syndrome: early diagnosis is key

Abstract Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an uncommon disorder of neuromuscular transmission with distinctive pathophysiological, clinical, electrophysiological and laboratory features. There are two forms of LEMS. The paraneoplastic (P-LEMS) form is associated with a malignant tumor that is most frequently a small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), and the autoimmune (A-LEMS) form is often related to other dysimmune diseases. Approximately 90% of LEMS patients present antibodies against presynaptic membrane P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC). These antibodies are directly implicated in the pathophysiology of the disorder, provoke reduced acetylcholine (ACh) at the nerve terminal and consequently lead to muscle weakness. LEMS is clinically characterized by proximal muscle weakness, autonomic dysfunction and areflexia. In clinically suspected cases, diagnoses are confirmed by serological and electrodiagnostic tests. The detection of P/Q-type VGCC antibodies is supportive when there is clinical suspicion but should be carefully interpreted in the absence of characteristic clinical or electrodiagnostic features. Typical electrodiagnostic findings (ie, reduced compound motor action potentials (CMAPs), significant decrements in the responses to low frequency stimulation and incremental responses after brief exercise or high-frequency stimulation) reflect the existence of a presynaptic transmission defect and are key confirmatory criteria. Diagnosis requires a high level of awareness and necessitates the initiation of a prompt screening and surveillance process to detect and treat malignant tumors. In clinically affected patients without cancer and after cancer treatment, symptomatic treatment with 3,4-diaminopyridine or immunosuppressive agents can significantly improve neurologic symptoms and the quality of life. We present a detailed review of LEMS with special emphasis on the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestation and diagnostic procedure.
Wide Tunning Range 60 GHz VCO and 40 GHz DCO Using Single Variable Inductor

This paper presents a 60 GHz, 16% tuning range VCO, and a 40 GHz, 18 bits, 14% tuning range DCO incorporating variable inductor (VID) techniques. The variable inductor, consisting of a transformer and a variable resistor, is tunable by adjusting its resistor. By employing the proposed frequency tuning scheme, wide-tuning range as well as multi-band operation are achieved without sacrificing their operating frequencies. To verify the operation principles, the VCO and DCO are both fabricated in 90 nm CMOS technology. The tuning range of VCO is from 52.2 GHz to 61.3 GHz. The measured phase noise from a 61.3-GHz carrier is about - 118.75 dBc/Hz at 10-MHz offset, and the output power is -6.6 dBm. It dissipates 8.7 mW from a 0.7-V supply, and the chip size is 0.28×0.36mm2. On the other hand, the DCO is capable of covering frequency range from 37.6 GHz to 43.4 GHz. The measured phase noise from a 43 GHz carrier is about -109 dBc/Hz at 10-MHz offset, and the output power is -11 dBm. The DCO core dissipates 19 mW from a 1.2-V supply. Chip size is 0.5×0.15mm2.
[Proximal median and ulnar resections. Results of primary and secondary repairs].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Recovery after median and ulnar nerve proximal repair is widely appreciated. The place and time for secondary functional reconstruction remains controversial. MATERIAL AND METHOD From January 1983 to January 1990, 66 patients suffering from proximal injury of the median or ulnar nerves underwent nerve repair. Forty-five patients had a postoperative follow-up of more than 24 months: 24 isolated ulnar nerve lesions, 12 isolated median nerve lesions, and 9 combined median and ulnar nerve lesions. Ten patients were given a primary microsurgical nerve suture in our department. Thirty-eight patients underwent a delayed or secondary nerve repair of one or both nerves: 8 secondary nerve sutures, and 35 nerve grafts in 31 patients. RESULTS Muscular strength, sensitivity, motion, and pain were better after primary nerve sutures (when technically possible) or after shortly delayed secondary sutures, although 40 per cent of patients treated with nerve grafts get final "good" or "very good" results. The time between the injury and nerve repair was the most significant prognosis factor. Results of ulnar nerve repairs at the elbow were statistically better with anterior transposition as compared to in situ repairs (p < 0.005). Fourteen patients required secondary functional reconstruction. Tendon transfers were performed at least 24 months after nerve repair. DISCUSSION Nerve repair of proximal lesion to the median or ulnar nerves depends on the type of injury, but is advised even when delayed. Residual deficit following nerve repair should require functional transfers depending on hand sensitivity and extrinsic function.
Photovoltaic Model Identification Using Particle Swarm Optimization With Inverse Barrier Constraint

The photovoltaic (PV) model is used in simulation studies to validate system design such as the maximum power point tracking algorithm and microgrid system. It is often difficult to simulate a PV module characteristic under different environmental conditions due to the limited information provided by the manufacturers. In this paper, a new approach using particle swarm optimization (PSO) with inverse barrier constraint is proposed to determine the unknown PV model parameters. The proposed method has been validated with three different PV technologies and the results show that the maximum mean modeling error at maximum power point is less than 0.02% for Pmp and 0.3% for Vmp.
Embedded Accelerators for Scientific High-Performance Computing: An Energy Study of OpenCL Gaussian Elimination Workloads

Energy efficient High-Performance Computing (HPC) is becoming increasingly important. Recent ventures into this space have introduced an unlikely candidate to achieve exascale scientific computing hardware with a small energy footprint. ARM processors and embedded GPU accelerators originally developed for energy efficiency in mobile devices, where battery life is critical, are being repurposed and deployed in the next generation of supercomputers. Unfortunately, the performance of executing scientific workloads on many of these devices is largely unknown, yet the bulk of computation required in high-performance supercomputers is scientific. We present an analysis of one such scientific code, in the form of Gaussian Elimination, and evaluate both execution time and energy used on a range of embedded accelerator SoCs. These include three ARM CPUs and two mobile GPUs. Understanding how these low power devices perform on scientific workloads will be critical in the selection of appropriate hardware for these supercomputers, for how can we estimate the performance of tens of thousands of these chips if the performance of one is largely unknown?
The Loser's Curse and Information Aggregation in Common Value Auctions

We consider an auction in which k identical objects of unknown value are auctioned off to n bidders. The k highest bidders get an object and pay the k+1st bid. Bidders receive a signal that provides information about the value of the object. We characterize the unique symmetric equilibirum of this auction. We then consider a sequence of auctions Ar with nr bidders and kr objects. We show that price converges in probability to the true value of the object if and only if both kr-->infinity and nr--kr-->infinity, i.e., the number of objects and the number of bidders who do not receive an object in equilibrium go to infinty.
Dynamic network slice resources reconfiguration in heterogeneous mobility environments

This paper proposes a framework that optimizes network slicing provisioning in over‐the‐top (OTT) scenarios, by reducing occupied resources of slices from where the User Equipment (UE) handovers from. To achieve this, the framework leverages an existing Software Defined Networking (SDN)‐based UE virtualization scheme, which allows to instantiate in the cloud a representation of the physical device and its current connectivity context. This scheme was extended with the ability to anchor the UE's datapath and mask the underlying slices in a single end‐to‐end slice, allowing handover mechanisms between slices to become transparent to involved endpoints. This framework was implemented and evaluated in an experimental testbed where the UE moves between Wi‐Fi and long‐term evolution (LTE) slices, with results showing that upstream and downstream throughput is dynamically adapted to the UE requirements prior to the handover.
Probing the C-terminal domain of lipid-free apoA-I demonstrates the vital role of the H10B sequence repeat in HDL formation

apoA-I plays important structural and functional roles in reverse cholesterol transport. We have described the molecular structure of the N-terminal domain, Δ(185-243) by X-ray crystallography. To understand the role of the C-terminal domain, constructs with sequential elongation of Δ(185-243), by increments of 11-residue sequence repeats were studied and compared with Δ(185-243) and WT apoA-I. Constructs up to residue 230 showed progressively decreased percent α-helix with similar numbers of helical residues, similar detergent and lipid binding affinity, and exposed hydrophobic surface. These observations suggest that the C-terminal domain is unstructured with the exception of the last 11-residue repeat (H10B). Similar monomer-dimer equilibrium suggests that the H10B region is responsible for nonspecific aggregation. Cholesterol efflux progressively increased with elongation up to ∼60% of full-length apoA-I in the absence of the H10B. In summary, the sequential repeats in the C-terminal domain are probably unstructured with the exception of H10B. This segment appears to be responsible for initiation of lipid binding and aggregation, as well as cholesterol efflux, and thus plays a vital role during HDL formation. Based on these observations and the Δ(185-243) crystal structure, we propose a lipid-free apoA-I structural model in solution and update the mechanism of HDL biogenesis.
La gestión medioambiental en las entidades locales portuguesas

espanolEl objetivo del presente trabajo de investigacion es conocer el posicionamiento estrategico adoptado en relacion al medio ambiente adoptado por una muestra de grandes y medios municipios portugueses y analizar las practicas e instrumentos de gestion medioambiental empleados por los mismos. Dicho estudio ha utilizado como metodologia de investigacion el cuestionario postal. Los resultados obtenidos indican que, a nivel general, las entidades locales portuguesas manifiestan una elevada preocupacion y sensibilizacion en relacion a la proteccion y conservacion del medio ambiente. En la mayoria de las entidades, dicha preocupacion tiene su reflejo en su estructura organizativa. La mayoria de las entidades ha formulado una politica medioambiental, donde predomina informacion sobre el grado de cumplimiento de la legislacion medioambiental. La implantacion de SGMA y la elaboracion de informacion medioambiental bajo la forma de indicadores no son practicas usuales en las entidades analizadas EnglishThe aim of this paper is to understand the strategic position adopted by Portuguese local authorities concerning the environment, as well as to analyze their practices and environmental management tools.The data was collected by sending a postal questionnaire to a sample of large and medium-sized city councils and the municipal companies belonging to those municipalities.The findings suggest that, in general, Portuguese local authorities show a high concern and awareness regarding environmental protection and conservation. In most of the entities, this concern is reflected in their own organizational structure. The majority of these entities have developed an environmental policy in which predominant information is focused on the degree of compliance with environmental legislation. The implementation of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) and the development of environmental information in the form of indicators are not usual practice in the analyzed entities.
A comparison of the effects of hyperbaric oxygen culture on survival of murine and canine thyroid gland grafts

Canine thyroid tissue (CTy) was subjected to hyperbaric oxygen culture (HOC) under conditions that affect immunoalteration in murine thyroid tissue (MTy). Survival of autografts and allografts implanted under the kidney capsule was determined after 21 days by 125I uptake and histology. Unlike MTy, autograft CTy subjected to normothermic HOC (95% O2, 5% CO2; 1.76kg/cm2) for 48 h did not survive (0/8) whereas decrease of culture duration to 24 h resulted in autograft CTy survival (3/3). Under hypothermia (5°C), HOC could be extended to 7 days with autograft CTy survival (3/3 after 4 days and 3/3 after 7 days). Allograft CTy after 24 h of normothermic HOC and 7 days of hypothermic HOC was rejected. Indicators of oxygen free radical injury were determined: catalase activity was comparable in MTy and CTy (means 14.82 and 6.3–10.8 mm/mg protein, respectively) but superoxide dismutase activity was low in CTy (means 0.01–0.29 and 4.75 U/mg protein, respectively). Malondialdehyde content after 48 h of normothermic HOC was higher in CTy than in MTy (means 2215 and 1275 nmol/g, respectively). The results show that CTy is injured by HOC under conditions tolerated by MTy, and that this difference is related to the greater sensitivity of CTy to oxygen free radical injury.
Endometrial thickness, morphology, vascular penetration and velocimetry in predicting implantation in an in vitro fertilization program

A total of 96 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment were studied on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration by transvaginal ultrasonography with color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound. We assessed endometrial thickness, endometrial morphology, presence or absence of subendometrial or intraendometrial color flow, intraendometrial vascular penetration and subendometrial blood flow velocimetry on the day of hCG administration and related the results to pregnancy rates. The overall pregnancy rate was 32.3% (31/96) and there was no significant difference between the pregnant and non‐pregnant groups with regard to endometrial thickness, subendometrial peak systolic bloodflow velocity (Vmax) or subendometrial pulsatility index (PI). The pregnancy rates based on endometrial morphology were not significantly different, being 17.6% (3/17), 33.3% (2/6) and 35.6% (26/73) for types A (hyperechoic), B (isoechoic) and C (triple‐line) endometria, respectively. In eight (8.3%) patients, subendometrial color flow and intraendometrial vascularization were not detected. This absence of blood flow was associated with failure of implantation (p < 0.05). The pregnancy rates related to the zones of vascular penetration into the subendometrial and endometrial regions were: 26.7% (4/15) for Zone 1 (subendometrial zone), 36.4% (16/44) for Zone 2 (outer hyperechogenic zone) and 37.9% (11/29) for Zone 3 (inner hypoechogenic zone), and were not significantly different. Of cycles with type A endometrium, 23.50% (4/17) had absent subendometrial color, which was greater than the frequency of absent color in the type C endometrium (4.1 (S, p = 0.03). In conclusion, absent subendometrial and intraendometrial vascularization on the day of hCG administration appears to be a useful predictor of failure of implantation in IVF cycles, irrespective of morphological appearance of the endometrium. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Cosmopolitan Species As Models for Ecophysiological Responses to Global Change: The Common Reed Phragmites australis

Phragmites australis is a cosmopolitan grass and often the dominant species in the ecosystems it inhabits. Due to high intraspecific diversity and phenotypic plasticity, P. australis has an extensive ecological amplitude and a great capacity to acclimate to adverse environmental conditions; it can therefore offer valuable insights into plant responses to global change. Here we review the ecology and ecophysiology of prominent P. australis lineages and their responses to multiple forms of global change. Key findings of our review are that: (1) P. australis lineages are well-adapted to regions of their phylogeographic origin and therefore respond differently to changes in climatic conditions such as temperature or atmospheric CO2; (2) each lineage consists of populations that may occur in geographically different habitats and contain multiple genotypes; (3) the phenotypic plasticity of functional and fitness-related traits of a genotype determine the responses to global change factors; (4) genotypes with high plasticity to environmental drivers may acclimate or even vastly expand their ranges, genotypes of medium plasticity must acclimate or experience range-shifts, and those with low plasticity may face local extinction; (5) responses to ancillary types of global change, like shifting levels of soil salinity, flooding, and drought, are not consistent within lineages and depend on adaptation of individual genotypes. These patterns suggest that the diverse lineages of P. australis will undergo intense selective pressure in the face of global change such that the distributions and interactions of co-occurring lineages, as well as those of genotypes within-lineages, are very likely to be altered. We propose that the strong latitudinal clines within and between P. australis lineages can be a useful tool for predicting plant responses to climate change in general and present a conceptual framework for using P. australis lineages to predict plant responses to global change and its consequences.
Alcohol and University Student Drinking — Not a Class Act

begin this behaviour while still in high school, and in many cases consumption does decrease once students graduate from university, enter the workforce, marry and start families. Third, while heavy alcohol use will never be totally eradicated from university campuses, sufficient research exists on why students drink and how these behaviours can be influenced. Results such as those presented by Gliksman et al. provide us with clues as to where our preventive initiatives should take place and whom should be targeted.
Epidermotropism in Melanoma

Multiple malignant melanocytic lesions developed in a 54‐year‐old man 4 years after a primary malignant melanoma (Clark level IV) had been excised and 2 months after taking L‐Dopa for Parkinsonism. Several of the recurrent lesions that showed junctional melanocytic components were considered primary melanomas and it was suggested that L‐Dopa was responsible for malignant transformation of nevi and for rapid progression of the disease. The case was re‐examined and on recent evidence it is likely that these lesions were epidermotropic metastases and that L‐Dopa played no part in the progress of this unusual tumor.
Prediction of Multiple Cell Upset Induced by Heavy Ions in a 90 nm Bulk SRAM

The PHISco simulation tool was known to be able to predict the SEU cross section for incident ions. This tool is improved in this work to also predict the MCU rate. Experimental and predicted results are shown to be in good agreement on a 90 nm bulk SRAM. The simulated SRAM structure includes the N-well, which is known to be a barrier to the charge carriers.
Mycotoxins contamination of food in Thailand (2000-2010): food safety concerns for the world food exporter.

Mycotoxins contaminate both raw agricultural commodities and processed food. As the world food exporter, Thailand has to be aware of food safety. Both international and local publications of major mycotoxins contamination of food in Thailand published from 20002010 were reviewed. A wide range of contamination levels were found. In Thailand, regulatory limit has been set only for aflatoxins. Global harmonization of mycotoxins regulation is rather impractical. It would be unfair to export the premium grade products but food-producing people have to consume contaminated food. Food surveillance system should be implemented. Analysis of mycotoxins in food should be performed with validated method. Health risk from mycotoxin exposure should not be overlooked.
An analysis of the strategies for public hospitals

Today, more than ever, the variables that define the health-care environment (demand, costs, system deregulation) are undergoing rapid change, thus obliging hospital administrators to develop and implement competitive strategies in order to survive in the increasingly competitive environment of hospital management. The primary objective of this paper is to identify strategies in a sample of Spanish public hospitals. Following this, we try to detect groups of organizations using similar strategies and ultimately analyse their influence on hospital performance.
Tiny genomes and endoreduplication in Strepsiptera

Using flow cytometry, the genome sizes of two species of Strepsiptera were studied: that of male Caenocholax fenyesi texensis Kathirithamby & Johnston (Myrmecolacidae) at 108 Mb, which is the smallest insect genome documented to date; and those of male and female Xenos vesparum Rossi (Stylopidae), which are 1C = 130 and 133 Mb, respectively. The genome sizes of the following were analysed for comparative purposes: (a) the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), which was previously reported to be the smallest among insects: the male measured at 1C = 121 Mb and the female at 1C = 158 Mb; and (b) the female parasitic, haplodiploid, microhymenopteran wasp, Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, which measured at 1C = 246 Mb. The hosts of the strepsipterans were also measured: male Solenopsis invicta Buren, the red imported fire ant (host of male C. f. texensis), which is 1C = 753.3 Mb, and female Polistes dominulus Christ, the paper wasp (host of X. vesparum), is 1C = 301.4 Mb. Endoreduplication (4C) of the genome of the thorax of the male strepsipteran, and higher levels of endoduplication (4, 8, 16C) in the body of the larger female was observed. In contrast, little or no endoreduplication was observed, either in the Hessian fly, or in the parasitic wasp.
Management of Treatment Resistant Depression – A Systematic Review

Treatment resistance is an emerging issue faced by physicians worldwide. Treatment resistant depression is a severely disabling disorder which affects about 30-46% of patients with major depressive disorder. Depression is defined treatment resistant in patients who failed different classes of two or more antidepressants with adequate treatment dosages and durations. The aim of this paper is to review the available management strategies of treatment resistant depression and provide an overall idea in this disease. Usual management strategies that are suggested to deal with treatment resistant depression include optimizing the existing treatment, switching to another antidepressant, augmentation strategies, combination of antidepressants, adding psychotherapy and ECT and other non-pharmacologic therapies.