Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A general catch comparison method for multi-gear trials: application to a quad-rig trawling fishery for Nephrops

B. , D. , M. A general catch comparison method for multi-gear trials: application to a quad-rig trawling ﬁshery for Nephrops . – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 74: 1458–1468. Expeditious uptake of quad-rig trawling in the economically important Irish ﬁshery for Nephrops norvegicus outpaced technical understanding of this newly introduced gear. The main driver for its introduction is increased catch rates of Nephrops . Higher Nephrops discard rates associated with quad-rig trawling are likely to be problematic under the landing obligation unless size selectivity can be improved. Catch comparison methods are suitable for assessing the performance of ﬁshing gear modiﬁcations to reduce discards. Utilizing a quad-rig potentially increases the number of gears that can be included in a catch comparison study to four but current modeling methods are limited to two gears. Our study provides a new general multinomial mixed effects modeling framework that can be applied to two or more gears, elucidates how case-speciﬁc and choice-speciﬁc covariates may inﬂuence catch at length, and facilitates discussion on appropriate gear based management measures. Application of the method to catches from four different cod-end mesh sizes revealed signiﬁcant effects of carapace length, catch weight and net position, on the numbers of Nephrops retained in each cod-end. Results suggest that management measures which speciﬁcally address different catch proﬁles associated with different numbers of trawling rigs are required to optimize Nephrops size selectivity.
Defect Texts Mining of Secondary Device in Smart Substation with GloVe and Attention-Based Bidirectional LSTM

In the process of the operation and maintenance of secondary devices in smart substation, a wealth of defect texts containing the state information of the equipment is generated. Aiming to overcome the low efficiency and low accuracy problems of artificial power text classification and mining, combined with the characteristics of power equipment defect texts, a defect texts mining method for a secondary device in a smart substation is proposed, which integrates global vectors for word representation (GloVe) method and attention-based bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM-Attention) method in one model. First, the characteristics of the defect texts are analyzed and preprocessed to improve the quality of the defect texts. Then, defect texts are segmented into words, and the words are mapped to the high-dimensional feature space based on the global vectors for word representation (GloVe) model to form distributed word vectors. Finally, a text classification model based on BiLSTM-Attention was proposed to classify the defect texts of a secondary device. Precision, Recall and F1-score are selected as evaluation indicators, and compared with traditional machine learning and deep learning models. The analysis of a case study shows that the BiLSTM-Attention model has better performance and can achieve the intelligent, accurate and efficient classification of secondary device defect texts. It can assist the operation and maintenance personnel to make scientific maintenance decisions on a secondary device and improve the level of intelligent management of equipment.
EVALUATING THE USE AND COMMUNICATION OF SEISMIC HAZARD MAPS: A CASE STUDY OF METRO VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

The Metro Vancouver region of southwestern British Columbia, Canada, is exposed to significant earthquake risk. Earthquake hazard has yet to be mapped to an effective scale in Metro Vancouver and so it is critical to generate comprehensive seismic hazard maps for the region. The Metro Vancouver Seismic Microzonation Project is tasked with the assessment and mapping of earthquake shaking hazard and liquefaction and landslide susceptibility hazards at a 1:25,000 scale. The detailed hazard information and data collected as part of this project, like most traditional hazard studies, is highly technical and unsuitable for the needs of intermediate users (e.g. regional planners and emergency managers). In this study we evaluate metrics and delivery format used to communicate seismic hazard information to intermediate users so it may be applied effectively in regional planning and emergency management strategies. Our methodology to evaluate effective communication of the seismic hazard products (GIS shapefiles and maps) involves a stakeholder workshop and online questionnaire survey. Existing microzonation maps for other regions in Canada are referenced throughout this consultation process and feedback is used as a benchmark to develop upon. A sequence of iterative discussion and consultation is necessary to determine the comprehensible metrics, desired interaction level and stylistic preferences to be used in final mapped products. Responses reiterate that the use of technical metrics is not effective in communicating hazard to intermediate users; separate map products are required for primary and intermediate users. Additionally, participants express importance of visual simplicity, open access to background data and interactive capabilities (e.g. GIS shapefiles). Feedback indicates that a lack of standardization leads to misinterpretation when comparing seismic microzonation maps of different regions; thus, results of this consultation process are integrated into a set of preliminary recommendations for producing seismic microzonation maps in a move towards standardization.
Stress Response Pathways in Dairy Cattle: A Brief Review

Stress is an external event or condition that places a strain on a biological system. The animal response to stress involves the expenditure of energy to remove or reduce the impact of stress. This increases the maintenance requirements of the animal and results in loss of production. The biological response to stress is divided into acute and chronic phases, with the acute phase lasting hours to a few days, and the chronic phase lasting several days to weeks. The acute response is driven by homeostatic regulators of the nervous and endocrine systems and the chronic phase by homeorhetic regulators of the endocrine system. Both responses involve alterations in energy balance and metabolism. The thermal environment affects all animals and therefore represents the largest single stressor in animal production. Other types of stressors include housing conditions, overcrowding, social rank, disease, and toxic compounds. "Acclimation" to stress is a phenotypic response developed by the animal to an individual stressor within the environment. Acclimation is a homeorhetic process that takes several weeks to occur and occurs via homeorhetic, not homeostatic, mechanisms. It is a phenotypic change that disappears when the stress is removed. Milk yield and reproduction are extremely sensitive to stress because of the high energy and protein demands of lactation and the complexity of the reproductive process and multiple organs that are involved. Improvements in the protection of animals against stress require improved education of producers to recognize stress and methods for estimating the degree of stress on animals.
Optimisation of growth conditions for maximum degradation of poly βhydroxyl butrate by two soil fungi

Poly βhydroxyl butrate (PHB) is a polymer produced by bacteria and can be used safely in different modern application to replace biobased plastic which has adverse effects on the environments. This study is aimed to isolate some fungi for PHB degradation and optimise the growth conditions for maximum degradation. Contaminated soil samples were collected from the industrial area of Jeddah and used for fungal isolations. All fungal isolateswere screened for PHB biodegradation on solid agar medium. Out of 20 isolates, 2 isolates were the most active in PHB degradation. They were identi ied as Trichoderma asperellum NM 6, and Aspergillus fumigates NM10 using morphological and molecular methods. The effects of some growth factors on growth and PHB degradation by the two isolated fungi were determined. Growth was measured by either CPV (ml) or dry weight (g/l) while PHB degradation was detected by depolymerase assay (U/ml). Presence of yeast extract (2.5 g/l) and glucose (1 g/l) enhanced both growth and PHB degradation by the two isolates. Similarly, adjusting medium pH at 7-7.5 and incubation at 25◦C after for ive days led to maximum growth and PHB degradation. The presence of PHB in growth medium enhanced both growth and PHB degradation and the maximum growth (CPVml or dry weight (g/l) were in medium containing 0.5 g/l of PHB for both tested fungi. The maximum growth, measured by either CPV (ml) or dry weight (g/l), was in the medium that was inoculated with 10x10 spore/ml for the two tested fungi. In conclusion, PHB degradation by the two tested fungi was similar. It was affected by the same physical and biochemical factors and optimisation of these conditions enhanced both growth and degradation process by the two tested fungi.
In vivo antimicrobial efficiency of garlic extract against pulmonary infections; Histopathological and Biochemical study

As microbes are massively risky and have gotten to be safe to about all advertised anti-microbials. Withinthe period of anti-microbial resistance, antimicrobial of natural origin give an successful and cheap alternative for combating resistant strains of Gram negative microorganisms which induce pneumonia e.g. (P. aeruginosa) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and (K. pneumoniae) Klebsiella pneumoniae. Cefotaxime is an antimicrobial used in control and treatment of anaerobic bacteria which may be administered with Gentamicin within the treatment of blended contaminations caused by anaerobic and oxygen consuming living beings. Combination treatment has corresponding components of activity. Gentamicin is bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic used mainly against Gram negative bacteria. Allium sativum in garlic extract has been known to have inhibitory action & and valuable as helpful specialist against numerous pathological diseases. Expanding Multidrug resistance of pathogens strengths to discover elective strategies for treatment of irresistible infections. Methods: Ethical approval: Protocols were approved by the IRB of the Scientific Research Unit (SRU) at Inaya Medical College (IMC) RIYADH (KSA) Results: In-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial presented effect for combination of antibiotics and FGE for fourteen days. Indicated a significant (p homogenate. Our data showed that FGH combined antibiotics could protect the liver and kidney against the histopathological and histochemical changes by blocking oxidative damages in addition to restorement of the antioxidant enzymatic profile. Conclusion: FGE displayed the best effect on administration one hour before gentamicin and cefotaxime due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Moreover, the potential use of FGE as a prophylactic agent against multi drug resistant bacteria. Keywords: Pneumonia related infections, Gentamicin, Cefotaxime, Garlic, Histochemical and histopathological.
A Genetically Based Combination of Visual Saliency and Roughness for FR 3D Mesh Quality Assessment: A Statistical Study

In this paper, we present a full-reference quality assessment metric based on the information of visual saliency. The saliency information is provided under the form of degrees associated to each vertex of the surface mesh. From these degrees, statistical attributes reflecting the structures of the reference and distorted meshes are computed. These are used by four comparisons functions genetically optimized that quantify the structure differences between a reference and a distorted mesh. We also present a statistical comparison study of six full-reference quality assessment metrics for 3D meshes. We compare the objective metrics results with humans subjective scores of quality considering the 3D meshes in one hand and the distorsion types in the other hand. Also, we show which metrics are statistically superior to their counterparts. For these comparisons we use the Spearman Rank Ordered Correlation Coefficient and the hypothetic test of Student (ttest). To attest the pertinence of the proposed approach, a comparison with a ground truth saliency and an application associated to the assessment of the visual rendering of smoothing algorithms are presented. Experimental results show that the proposed metric is very competitive with the state-of-the-art.
Predictability of European winter 2019/20: Indian Ocean dipole impacts on the NAO

Northern Europe and the UK experienced an exceptionally warm and wet winter in 2019/20, driven by an anomalously positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This positive NAO was well forecast by several seasonal forecast systems, suggesting that this winter the NAO was highly predictable at seasonal lead times. A very strong positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) event was also observed at the start of winter. Here we use composite analysis and model experiments, to show that the IOD was a key driver of the observed positive NAO. Using model experiments that perturb the Indian Ocean initial conditions, two teleconnection pathways of the IOD to the north Atlantic emerge: a tropospheric teleconnection pathway via a Rossby wave train travelling from the Indian Ocean over the Pacific and Atlantic, and a stratospheric teleconnection pathway via the Aleutian region and the stratospheric polar vortex. These pathways are similar to those for the El Niño Southern Oscillation link to the north Atlantic which are already well documented. The anomalies in the north Atlantic jet stream location and strength, and the associated precipitation anomalies over the UK and northern Europe, as simulated by the model IOD experiments, show remarkable agreement with those forecast and observed.
The Reversal Indian Ocean Waters

The Reversal Indian Ocean Waters (RIOWs), carried by flows in a direction opposite to the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), is investigated in the Lagrangian framework using the simulative results of a high‐resolution western Pacific and northern Indian Oceans Model (PIOM). The results suggest that the RIOWs have two sources: They are the Australian Northwest Shelf Inflow linking with the Leeuwin UnderCurrent (LUC) along with the previously identified South Java Coastal Undercurrent (SJCU). After entering the Indonesian seas, the RIOWs mix with other water masses and tend to make waters in the Indonesian seas cooler, saltier, and denser. Ultimately, about half of the RIOWs return to the Indian Ocean by joining the ITF, and the other half enter the Pacific Ocean and contribute to the North Equatorial CounterCurrent (NECC) and the North Intermediate CounterCurrent (NICC).
Cranberry fruit: An update review

Cranberry is product from the berry fruit of a North American green shrub. Cranberry fruit is acidic nature and it can involve with unwanted bacteria in the urinary tract. The main health benefits of cranberry juice is urinary tract infection, and the other uses are respiratory disorders, kidney stones, cancer and heart disease, anti tumour effect, Anti-aging Benefits, Lung inflammation, prevent tooth decay etc. It is also used to preventing stomach disorders and diabetes. Cranberry juice is rich source of antioxidants, vitamin C and salicylic acid. One cup of Cranberry juice contained a total 8983 antioxidant capacity. Proanthocyanidin that is Ellura herbal drug is prepared from the cranberry pure extract. The main use of the Proanthocyanidin (Ellura) is used treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients especially in women. Proanthocyanidin (Ellura) is a pure herbal drug then with less side effects. Proanthocyanidin [Ellura] herbal drug is available in oral capsule form and oral tablet form and Ellura is also available in chewable tablets.
Estimation of Longshore Sediment Transport Using Video Monitoring Shoreline Data

Video monitoring systems (VMS) have been used for beach status observation but are not effective for examining detailed beach processes as they only measure changes to the shoreline and backshore. Here, we extracted longshore sediment transport (LST) from VMS in order to investigate long- and short-term littoral processes on a pocket beach. LST estimated by applying one-line theory, wave power, and the oblique angle of incident waves were used to understand shoreline changes caused by severe winter storms. The estimated LST showed good agreement with the shoreline changes because the sediments were trapped at one end of the pocket beach and the alongshore direction of transported sediments was corresponded to the direction of LST. The results also showed that the beach that was severely eroded during storms was also rapidly recovered following the evolution of LST, which indicates that the LST may play a role in the recovery process while the erosion was mainly caused by the cross-shore transport due to storm waves. After the beach was nourished, beach changes became more active, even under lower wave energy conditions, owing to the equilibrium process. The analysis presented in this study could be applied to study inhomogeneous beach processes at other sites.
Characteristics of Cry1Ab Protein from Bioinsecticides and Insect Resistant GM Crops

Abstract Biological insecticides are an effective method used in plant protection. One of the most widely used active substances in biological insecticides is Cry1Ab protein, which is toxic for lepidopteran insects. This protein is produced during bacterial sporulation by Bacillus thuringiensis. Other sources of Cry1Ab protein are genetically modified plants (GM) with expression of cry1Ab gene. Cry1Ab protein in both bioinsecticides and GM plants is present in the form of protoxin, which requires activation by enzymatic treatment in the gut of susceptible insects. So far, Cry1Ab mode of action is not fully understood, but there are 3 main concepts describing it. Two of them assume that a toxic protein after binding to receptors in the insect gut penetrates into the cells, causing pore formation in the gut, which leads to the death of the sensitive insect. In the third model Cry1Ab toxic action is a result of toxin-induced chemical processes initiating a cell death pathway. This work describes the structure and mode of action of Cry1Ab protein, present in biological insecticides and genetically modified plants.
Topology Optimization of Rotor Structure in PM Alternator

Determining the rotor design parameters of alternator has great importance to provide the desired efficiency and magnetic flux distribution. In this paper, topology optimization of rotor structure in permanent magnet alternator is studied to provide these goals. For this purpose combinations of different diameter and height values are used to determine the optimum rotor design. Solidworks and Maxwell simulations are used for data collection. The solution of this design problem shows that how the diameter and height values affects the performance of the alternator. As a result, the efficiency of the alternator is improved under the desired magnetic flux conditions.
The RECAP and SCAFFOLDS Frameworks: Engaging Students in Self-Reflection and Self-Regulation Within Online Learning

This case study focuses on our efforts to engage students in one asynchronous, online undergraduate legal “pipeline” course, and the substantive revisions made to the course over 3 years to increase student engagement, self-reflection, self-regulation, and metacognition. A pipeline program is designed to identify, support, and guide students from diverse backgrounds to their graduate-level field of interest. We describe two strategic uses of a learning management system (LMS) to increase student engagement and self-regulated learning: a weekly reflection and engagement routine that was developed to address concerns regarding student-to-faculty engagement identified during the first version of the course, and a scaffolded multi-week skills-based activity that was developed to reinforce a critical course learning objective and help students monitor their own learning progress. During each iteration of the course, user data collected from the LMS and other integrated tools, along with student feedback and instructor and designer reflection on practice, informed substantive revisions to the learning activities described. Over three versions of the course, data suggest increased engagement, selfreflection, and selfregulation. We reflect on the implications of this work and possible applications to other settings.
Learning Frame Interpolation for Tilt Series Tomography

Electron tomography (ET) aims to reconstruct a 3D object from a series of 2D electron micrographs. This may be achieved in multiple ways, the most common of which are tilt series, slice and view and single particle reconstructions. Here we focus on tilt series tomography, where the 3D object is reconstructed by taking images at different tilt angles. Electron tomography, which is a subset of tomography, is founded on the work of Johann Radon, who showed that an n dimensional object can be reconstructed from an infinite number of n-1 dimensional projections. [1] However, experimental datasets are not infinite in size, which necessarily introduces artefacts and limitations in the reconstruction. [1] In transmission electron microscope (
The geography of speciation and adaptive radiation in coregonines.

Coregonines are becoming a model system for studying rapid speciation and adaptive radia- tion. Radiations have occurred in large lakes throughout the Northern Hemisphere following deglacia- tion. Some radiations are characterized by limited genetic diversity and display either poorly and/or well differentiated ecotypes. Other radiations contain high levels of total genetic diversity, but little genetic differentiation between ecotypes. This variation in the relationship between total genetic diversity, the distribution of genetic variance and the degree of morphological divergence provides an interesting model for studying the origins of sympatric species diversity. We review the evidence for three alterna- tive speciation scenarios within all three coregonine genera: Prosopium, Stenodus and Coregonus. Reviewing genetic, morphological and biogeographical data we estimate the relative importance of (i) geographic speciation where in situ diversity builds up by multiple invasions, (ii) speciation by divergent selection without geographical isolation from a single founder population, and (iii) speciation involving divergent selection during secondary contact with hybridization. In the context of this third scenario we discuss three alternative mechanisms: the maintenance and strengthening of allopatrically arisen repro- ductive isolation through classical reinforcement; the persistence of allopatrically arisen phenotypic dif- ferentiation in the absence of reproductive isolation; complete collapse of genetic and phenotypic struc- ture into a hybrid swarm from which new incipient species arise in sympatry. Using the speciation mode predictions developed in this review, hybrid swarm and genomically-driven reinforcement appeared the most prevalent in the Coregoninae. Putative cases of sympatric speciation were also identified.