Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CO2 effects on diatoms: a synthesis of more than a decade of ocean acidification experiments with natural communities

Abstract. Diatoms account for up to 50 % of marine primary production and are considered to be key players in the biological carbon pump. Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to affect diatoms primarily by changing the availability of CO2 as a substrate for photosynthesis or through altered ecological interactions within the marine food web. Yet, there is little consensus how entire diatom communities will respond to increasing CO2. To address this question, we synthesized the literature from over a decade of OA-experiments with natural diatom communities to uncover the following: (1) if and how bulk diatom communities respond to elevated CO2 with respect to abundance or biomass and (2) if shifts within the diatom communities could be expected and how they are expressed with respect to taxonomic affiliation and size structure. We found that bulk diatom communities responded to high CO2 in ∼60 % of the experiments and in this case more often positively (56 %) than negatively (32 %) (12 % did not report the direction of change). Shifts among different diatom species were observed in 65 % of the experiments. Our synthesis supports the hypothesis that high CO2 particularly favours larger species as 12 out of 13 experiments which investigated cell size found a shift towards larger species. Unravelling winners and losers with respect to taxonomic affiliation was difficult due to a limited database. The OA-induced changes in diatom competitiveness and assemblage structure may alter key ecosystem services due to the pivotal role diatoms play in trophic transfer and biogeochemical cycles.
A Community based Integrated Service Model to Support Adults with Physical Disability Living in the United Kingdom

Social care service providers have historically been enthusiastic users and exploiters of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) that support disabled people at home. Currently a proliferation in the range of technologies and applications is emerging in both literature and mainstream services. In Europe, three key issues have together stimulated the emergence of innovative and dynamic service models that utilise ICT to support the independence and autonomy of disabled people in community settings. These are the expanding role of community care services, the evolution of social models of disability and growing recognition of user empowerment.
Passive hovering of a flexible $\unicode[STIX]{x039B}$ -flyer in a vertically oscillating airflow

We numerically investigate the passive flight of a flexible $\unicode[STIX]{x039B}$ -flyer in a vertically oscillating airflow with zero mean stream. The flexibility of the flyer is introduced by a torsion spring installed at the hinged joint. We study the effects of spring stiffness, density, resting angle and actuation efforts on the hovering performance. The results suggest that the occurrence of resonance in flexible flyers can result in significantly different performances in flexible and rigid flyers. It is found that flexibility can have two opposing effects, reducing or increasing the actuation efforts for hovering, depending on the range of driving frequency. This result is explained by the modulation of relative motion between the flyer and the imposed background flow due to the involvement of passive angular oscillation. The angular oscillation patterns, the wake symmetry properties and the postural stability behaviours under different driving conditions are also explored. Based on the findings of the present study, the ideal parameter values for stable hovering are suggested. The results of this study offer novel insight into the mechanism by which the flexibility of the flyer affects the passive hovering performance.
Proposta de arquitetura baseada em Internet das Coisas para análise de dados de arboviroses

Com o avanco das tecnologias de sensores, houve um crescimento no numero de dispositivos computacionais conectados capazes de coletar informacoes e interagir com o ambiente no qual estao inseridos, constituindo a base da Internet das Coisas (IoT). Tais dispositivos viabilizam o desenvolvimento de novas aplicacoes capazes de tornar as cidades mais inteligentes, provendo melhorias para a sociedade. Como resultado da interacao entre diferentes aplicacoes tem-se um imenso conjunto de dados, dos quais pode-se extrair conhecimento util. Um dos problemas existentes e o recorrente acontecimento de surtos de arboviroses (Dengue, Zika e Chikungunya) em grandes cidades de clima tropical, que ainda sofrem com a deficiencia de ferramentas e informacoes para auxiliar na prevencao desses surtos. Esta pesquisa propoe uma arquitetura de um sistema computacional capaz de agregar dados provenientes de diferentes tipos de dispositivos IoT e crowdsourcing, a fim de auxiliar a tomada de decisao para prevencao, controle e vigilância de surtos de arboviroses. A validacao da arquitetura se deu atraves da analise exploratoria dos dados de climatologia, casos de arboviroses e saneamento da cidade de Fortaleza-CE de 2011 a 2017, bem como da implementacao de um prototipo da arquitetura. Atraves disso, constatou-se a correlacao entre os dados selecionados, analisou-se a influencia das fontes de dados escolhidas para a monitoracao das epidemias e predicao de surtos, e verificou-se que o prototipo funcionou conforme o planejado atraves de sua implementacao.
Occupational Health Screenings of the Virtual Warrior: Distributed Common Ground System Intelligence Operators Compared with Non-Combatant Support Personnel

Abstract : U.S. Air Force Distributed Common Ground System intelligence operators have a critical role in the analyses and exploitation of vast amounts of real-time and archival auditory and visual information from the battlefield and other global regions of national interest. The health and wellness of these airmen are key to sustaining intelligence capabilities and readiness across the globe. As a result, the U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine conducted a field survey that assesses for general areas of health-related behaviors (i.e., sleep and exercise; alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine use; common reasons for seeking medical care and mental health support services; as well as reasons for increased prescription and over-the-counter medication usage). A total of 1,091 intelligence operators and 447 support personnel participated in the study, resulting in an estimated 36% response rate to the survey. Study results reveal a larger proportion of intelligence operators reported an increase in alcohol use, elevated alcohol use, and increase in caffeinated beverage use, as well as musculoskeletal injury/pain, sleep problems, and emotional distress created or made worse by their occupational environment. Intelligence operators also reported having less access to medical care during work hours and were at greater odds to cite occupational stress as a reason for increased medical care usage. A larger proportion of intelligence operators reported an increase in mental health care utilization and over-the-counter medication usage. Intelligence operators were also at greater odds to cite sleep-related difficulties as reasons for increased prescription and over-the-counter medication usage. Recommendations are provided for line and medical leadership for optimizing health for intelligence operators as well as airmen including optimizing shift schedule rotations, improving work-rest-break cycles and routines, and embedding mental health providers within line intelligence units.
Cancelling and Refusal Strategy used by the Grab Driver of Lombok When Interacting with Customers

This study discusses the speech act of refusing as made by Lombok Grab drivers when interacting with customers. The field observation and library research was used as the design of this study. The interview was used as an instrument by interviewing 10 participants of Grab driver in Lombok and 10 participants of Grab customers. The data indicate acts of order and request. The descriptive qualitative was used in this investigation. The results of the study are : There are three situations where the drivers cancelled an order or request of a customers, the situation are when the drivers change plans, did not found the passenger and cannot found the passenger right location. Meanwhile the refusal strategy used by the Grab drivers in this investigation is direct and indirect refusal that is followed by reason, explanation, giving alternative and regret. Keywords—Grab driver; speech acts of refusal; Grab customer; Lombok
Clear micelle gel dosimeter with nanoclay

We built a clear micelle gel dosimeter with nanoclay. Jordan et al. reported that Laponite RD clay nanoparticles when added to radiochromic leucomalachite green micelle gels eliminate diffusion and increase the dose sensitivity by roughly ten folds. However, owing to the cloudiness of the sample, there was a problem in reading the optical computed tomography (CT). In this study, we constructed a nanoclay-added micelle gel dosimeter by changing the type of gelatin. As a result, in addition to yielding a clear gel and making the optical CT readable, diffusion and temporal stability were improved more than the gel without using nanoclay, and the dosimeter showed the same level of sensitivity and diffusion as the one based on Laponite-added micelle gel reported by Jordan et al.
Comparando Grupos de Agricultores de Acordo com suas Intenções em Diversificar a Produção Agrícola: uma aplicação da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado

A diversificação da produção no meio rural é um dos temas prioritários na União Europeia, uma vez que assegura a produção de diferentes alimentos. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar se os diferentes níveis de intenção dos agricultores familiares em diversificar a produção agrícola podem ser explicados pelos constructos Atitude, Norma Subjetiva e Controle Comportamental Percebido, propostos pela Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP), e pelas características socioeconômicas dos agricultores. O estudo foi realizado com 101 agricultores familiares localizados na região Noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, que tem a produção de leite sua principal fonte de renda. Os dados demonstraram que existem dois grupos de agricultores, um com fraca intenção de diversificar e outro com forte intenção. Constatou-se que o grupo com fraca intenção percebe a diversificação como menos favorável (atitude), sentem uma menor pressão social (normas subjetivas) e percebem como menor sua capacidade de utilizar esta estratégia produtiva em seus estabelecimentos rurais (controle comportamental percebido) do que o grupo com forte intenção. Os resultados mostraram que o grupo com forte intenção de diversificar possui família maior e tem menor área de terra, comparado com o grupo de fraca intenção. Os resultados deste estudo podem ser utilizados para promover o desenvolvimento rural em pequenas propriedades e sugerem políticas públicas voltadas para este espaço, sobretudo para formas de produção que fornecem alimentos destinados ao abastecimento urbano.
N-acetylcysteine as a chemoprotectant against ifosfamide nephrotoxicity; from mechanism to prevention

ii CO-AUTHORSHIP.iv DEDICATION.vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.vii TABLE OF CONTENTS.ix LIST OF TABLES.xv LIST OF FIGURES.xvi LIST OF APPENDICES.xix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.xx CHAPTER ONE: Introduction and rationale.1 1.1 Overview.2 1.2 Ifosfamide Metabolism.3 1.2. 1. Qualitative difference in ifosfamide versus cyclophosphamide metabolism.8 1.2. 2 Chloroacetaldehyde. 8 1.3 Ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity.9 1.3. 1 Clinical presentation of ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity.10 1.3. 2 Fanconi syndrome.14 1.3. 3 Inter-individual variability.14 1.3. 4 Longterm outcome and treatment.14 1.3. 5 Ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity at a cellular level.15
Managing incentives for health providers and patients in the move towards universal coverage

Background paper for the 'Global Symposium on Health Systems Research' 16-19 November 2010. Montreux, Switzerland. To advance towards universal coverage, decision-makers have to determine ways to incentivise providers and patients alike to increase access to good quality health services and promote efficient modes of delivery that can be sustainable.
Permanent Stiffness Reduction by Thermal Oxidation of Silicon

Stiffness in compliant micro mechanisms can negatively affect performance. Current methods for stiffness reduction in micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) consume power, have a large footprint or are relatively complex to manufacture. In this paper stiffness is reduced by static balancing. A building block commonly used for stiffness reduction in large scale compliant mechanisms is made compatible with MEMS. Preloading required to create negative stiffness is obtained from residual film stress by thermal oxidation of silicon. Instead of buckling a plate spring by moving its end points, a SiO2 film 1900 nm to 2500 nm thick will stretch micro-beams 24 $\mu $ m wide, while the end points are fixed. To show efficacy of our method, the building block is coupled with a simple linear stage. However, the building block can readily be combined with other compliant micro mechanisms to reduce their stiffness. Statically balanced MEMS will enable novel designs in low-frequency sensor technology, low-frequency energy harvesting and pave the way to autonomous micro-robotics. We show a stiffness reduction of a factor 9 to 46. The balancing effect remained after SiO2 removal, due to plastic deformation of the beams. [2019-0023]
Die „Vereinbarung zwischen der Bundesregierung und den Spitzenverbänden der deutschen Wirtschaft zur Förderung der Chancengleichheit von Frauen und Männern in der Privatwirtschaft“ und ihre Bilanzierung

Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Lange, Katrin: Die „Vereinbarung zwischen der Bundesregierung und den Spitzenverbänden der deutschen Wirtschaft zur Förderung der Chancengleichheit von Frauen und Männern in der Privatwirtschaft“ und ihre Bilanzierung. Berlin: Institut für Sozialarbeit und Sozialpädagogik e.V. , Geschäftsstelle Zweiter Gleichstellungsbericht der Bundesregierung, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25595/1367.
Active Management of the Third Stage of Labor by Skilled Birth Attendants In a Rural Regional Hospital In Southern Ethiopia: A Qualitative Case Study

In Ethiopia, as in many developing countries, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality. PPH can be prevented through a three-step practice called active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL), which can be learned by a skilled birth attendant (SBA). However, most SBAs have not adopted AMTSL into practice. The purpose of this case study was to investigate the use of AMTSL among SBAs in a rural regional hospital in southern Ethiopia. Six theoretical propositions and a conceptual framework were designed to guide the research and analysis. In-depth interviews were conducted with SBAs who worked at the regional hospital in the labor and delivery ward. Internal and external factors of influence on the decision-making process during the management of the third stage of labor by the SBAs were identified and discussed. The participants believe they practice AMSTL despite not meeting criteria. The findings by individual components of AMSTL revealed the use of a uterotonic now considered the most important component in the prevention of PPH. Oxytocin, the uterotonic of choice, was given within the relaxed time frame. Findings of concern suggest a lack of understanding that all women are at risk for PPH and that every woman giving birth should receive AMTSL. An area of even greater concern was the lack of follow-up uterine palpation, which may indicate a lack of patient surveillance during the time of greatest risk. The recommendations for practice show a significant responsibility to improve quality of pre-service and in-service education and training to ensure AMTSL is practiced by every SBA at every birth.
GLOBALLY INDETERMINATE GROWTH PATHS IN THE LUCAS MODEL OF ENDOGENOUS GROWTH

This paper shows that global indeterminacy may characterize the three-dimensional vector field implied by the Lucas [(1988) Journal of Monetary Economics 22, 3–42] endogenous growth model. To achieve this result, we demonstrate the emergence of a family of homoclinic orbits connecting the steady state to itself in backward and forward time, when the stable and unstable manifolds are locally governed by real eigenvalues. In this situation, we prove that if the saddle quantity is negative, and other genericity conditions are fulfilled, a stable limit cycle bifurcates from the homoclinic orbit. Orbits originating in a tubular neighborhood of the homoclinic orbit are then bound to converge to this limit cycle, creating the conditions for the onset of global indeterminacy. Some economic intuitions related to this phenomenon are finally explored.
Tratamiento combinado de distal jet y técnica de desgaste interproximal de Sheridan para la corrección de una clase II división 1

Muestra un metodo simple, efectivo y estable para tratar una maloclusion clase II division 1, sin extracciones, mediante el uso combinado del aparato de Distal Jet y tecnica de desgaste interproximal de Sheridan. Las maloclusiones de clase II division 1 tienen diversas formas de tratamiento, ya sea con extracciones o sin extracciones, de acuerdo con la literatura, el tratamiento sin extracciones de este tipo maloclusion, consiste en distalizar simultaneamente las primeras y segundas molares superiores, esta mecanica de tratamiento ha resultado ser una buena opcion para solucionar esta maloclusion. Se puede lograr la distalizacion simultanea de las primeras y segundas molares superiores ya sea uni o bilateral utilizando fuerzas ya sean extraorales o intraorales, cuando se utiliza la fuerza extraoral existe el problema de la necesidad de colaboracion del paciente y la falta de estetica cuando el paciente lo usa, entonces, para evitar esos inconvenientes, se han creado a lo largo del tiempo muchos metodos o aparatos intraorales como es el distalizador con magnetos (se basa en imanes que se repelen), el dispositivo de pendulo de Hilgers, el aparato de distal jet, los resortes abiertos comprimidos de niqueltitanio, etc. Estas opciones terapeuticas intraorales permiten una distalizacion molar mas rapida y requiere menos colaboracion del paciente.
Behavioral Habits-Based User Identification Across Social Networks

Social networking is an interactive Internet of Things. The symmetry of the network can reflect the similar friendships of users on different social networks. A user’s behavior habits are not easy to change, and users usually have the same or similar display names and published contents among multiple social networks. Therefore, the symmetry concept can be used to analyze the information generated by the user for user identification. User identification plays a key role in building better information about social network user profiles. As a consequence, it has very important practical significance in many network applications and has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers. However, existing works are primarily focused on rich network data and ignore the difficulty involved in data acquisition. Display names and user-published content are very easy to obtain compared to other types of user data across different social networks. Therefore, this paper proposes an across social networks user identification method based on user behavior habits (ANIUBH). We analyzed the user’s personalized naming habits in terms of display names, then utilized different similarity calculation methods to measure the similarity of the features contained in the display names. The variant entropy value was adopted to assign weights to the features mentioned above. In addition, we also measured and analyzed the user’s interest graph to further improve user identification performance. Finally, we combined one-to-one constraint with the Gale–Shapley algorithm to eliminate the one-to-many and many-to-many account-matching problems that often occur during the results-matching process. Experimental results demonstrated that our proposed method enables the possibility of user identification using only a small amount of online data.
Assessment of satellite rainfall products for stream flow simulation in Gambia watershed

Satellite rainfall estimates (SRE) with high spatial and temporal resolution and large areal coverage provide a potential alternative source to force hydrological models within regions where ground-based measurements are not readily available. The Gambia Basin in West Africa provides a good example of a case where the use of satellite precipitation estimates could be beneficial. This study aims to compare three SRE over a 12-year periods (1998-2010), before and after their integration into the GR4J hydrological model over the Gambia Basin. The inter -compared products are Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR) and TRMM 3B42v7 (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission). The calibration and validation of the GR4J model over the Gambia basin using a reference rainfall product (RRP) pointed out a very good performance. The correlation coefficient between simulated and observed daily discharge is higher than 0.8 both for calibration and validation. The inter-comparison of SRE against RRP and using them as forcing data into the calibrated GR4J hydrological model presented some coherence in the product performance. PERSIANN-CDR performs better both when comparing against RRP and when used in GR4J. The low performance of CHIRPS is surprising because it is supposed to be a product that includes ground-base station. This result may also indicate that in areas without ground stations, the CHIRPS is less accurate than other rainfall products that are based only on satellite images. Finally, a bias correction is applied to the SRE using the RRP. The bias correction had significantly improved the product performance. On average, the bias fell from 100 to 1.5% compared to the RRP, but the impact on the error is less significant. When using the corrected SRE in the hydrological model, the impact is very significant both on the bias and error. The overall performance of the different biases that corrected SRE is comparable. Key words: Gambia, precipitation, satellite, evaluation, modeling, bias correction, Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM).