Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metapopulation structures affect persistence of predator–prey interactions

Summary 1 We investigate the metapopulation dynamics of an extinction-prone host–parasitoid interaction. 2 Single cell host–parasitoid interactions show diverging oscillations resulting in rapid extinction of both host and parasitoid. By linking cells together into metapopulations and controlling for increased availability of resource, persistence time of the trophic interaction is enhanced. 3 Metapopulation persistence is influenced by spatial structure and local demographics. Using nonlinear mixed models, we show that the persistence time of these host–parasitoid metapopulations is determined by habitat size and local within-patch population dynamics. 4 We use a metapopulation model to show how the role of local demographic population structure and habitat size act concomitantly to affect persistence.
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2016), Volume 4, Issue 1, 1060- 1071

Mukesh Kumar dr.chandra37@gmail.com Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) belongs to the family Asteraceae and it is a small aromatic biennial or perennial herb. The plant was grown on normal agroclimatic conditions and taken mature root for preparation of various items. The whole plant contains a number of medicinally important compounds such as inulin, esculin, volatile compounds (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes), coumarins, flavonoids and vitamins. It has also an industrial importance for the production of various food preparations like pure instant chicory powder, chicory powder, agglomerated chicory powder, chicory flour, roasted chicory cubes, chocolate flavor and liquid chicory extract.
Hyperspectral Analysis of Biomass Element Content in Straw

In this paper, a quantitative analysis model is established with the help of hyperspectral imaging technology and the least squares method to study the biomass content in straw. The results show that the optimal selection of spectral dimensional data can be achieved through a competitive adaptive weighted sampling algorithm. In the experiment, the correlation coefficient of nitrogen in the verification set is 0.923 and the correlation coefficient of oxygen in the verification set is 0.876. Given that the prediction results of these two elements are relatively good and thus can be applied in practice. The practicality of other elements is poor. However, in the quantitative analysis model, the prediction results of these five elements are not satisfactory and the practicality is poor.
Effects of Potato Association on Oviposition Behavior of Mexican Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Host-induced ovipositional behavior by Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), from Morelos, Mexico, was studied in greenhouse experiments. Morelos L. decemlineata were unable to oviposit unless fed Solanum angustifolium Miller, regardless of their larval feeding history. Neither larval nor preovipositional adult feeding on potato, S. tuberosum L. , induced oviposition preference for potato. Morelos L. decemlineata had much lower oviposition preference for potato than Rhode Island beetles, when given potato and S. angustifolium simultaneously, and they ceased oviposition immediately after being confined on potato. Encasement of Mexican pupae with Rhode Island pupal exuviae stimulated the emerging adults to oviposit on potato without feeding on S. angustifolium.
A REVIEW PAPER ON DESIGN FOR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA

Microstrip patch antenna is mostly used in modern communication devices over conventional antennas mainly because of their size. In this review paper a survey is conducted on commonly used techniques and design used in microstrip antenna papers which has been used by authors for designing of an efficient, low profile, small, compatible, affordable microstrip antenna, mainly used to designed reconfigurable, multiband and wideband antennas, after that a initiator patch design is given with dimensions on which technique will be applied for the analysis of different parameter of antenna.
University of Birmingham Delayed reactive distractor suppression in aging populations

Previous studies have tended to infer that reactive control is intact in aging populations because of evidence that proactive control is impaired and that older participants appear to favor reactive control strategies. However, most of these studies did not compare reactive control in young and older participants directly. In our study, a young (18-21 years old) and older (60 + years old) cohort engaged in a task that assesses reactive distractor suppression where subjects had to discriminate between an upright and inverted t-shape in the presence of a salient or non-salient distractor. In previous studies using this paradigm (DiQuattro and Geng, 2010) young participants reactively used the salient distractor as an anti-cue and performed better (faster RT and higher accuracy) when it was present. It was found that older participants were not able to reactively suppress the salient distractor with a 200 msec display but were able to do so with a 600 msec display. It was concluded that the initiation of reactive suppression is delayed for older participants, but that effective suppression is possible given enough time.
Herbivory in an acid stream

SUMMARY 1. Spatial and temporal variation in the distribution and feeding of non-predatory macroinvertebrates was investigated in a first-order, acid stream in the Ashdown Forest, southern England. 2. Stonefly (Nemouridae) and chironomid (Orthocladiinae) larvae were abundant on the upper surfaces of mineral substrata of three sizes (small stones, large stones, bedrock). The density of larvae in each taxonomic group did not vary among substrata of different sizes, although strong seasonal variation existed. 3. Nemourids and chironomids (H. marcidus) collected from the upper surfaces of substrata exhibited generalist feeding habits, consuming algae (diatoms, coccoid and filamentous green algae), detritus (biofilm matrix material and fine particulate organic matter (FPOM)) and inorganic debris. 4. There was spatial variation in the gut contents of nemourids. The proportion of algae in the guts of larvae often increased with the size of the substratum from which they were collected. Strong temporal variation in the composition of the diet also existed. Nemourids ingested a large quantity of attached algae and biofilm matrix from the biofilm in spring and winter, but consumed loose FPOM and associated microflora in summer and autumn. 5. We conclude that, in this acid stream, the trophic linkage between algae and grazers is maintained by ‘detritivorous’ stonefly and chironomid species. The relationship between the feeding habits of these larvae and other life-history attributes, such as mouthpart morphology and mobility, is discussed.
Resurgence of Instrument Variable Estimation and Fallacy of Endogeneity

This paper provides a critical “rational reconstruction”of the evolution of attitudes to the use of the instrumental variable, IV, estimator in different parts of econometrics. The author, like many statisticians, is sceptical about the usefulness of the technique and in particular about the resurgence of its use in micro-econometrics. Both the critique and the detailed, nicely documented, history of the way that interest in instrumental variables has waxed and waned are very interesting. While the paper is polemical and is likely to be controversial, it raises some relevant questions and should engender some debate, hopefully prompting some interesting responses. I think the paper might be more effective were it less polemical, but I think that with some revision the paper is worth publishing. Below I discuss some of the issues and make a few suggestions.
Web Interfaces for georeferenced information searches

The use of geographic web services, such as Google Maps, has led to the appearance of several papers focused on the development of systems of search information in documents supporting the geographical context, also existing works that are focused on developing user interfaces for those spe-ciﬁc systems. However, most of the current systems are still focused on presenting search results in the form of ordered list of results. This work aims to solve the problem of ﬁnding information in documents (in this case the documents correspond to news) with support for geographic context. We established some objectives like the use of a map, the development of mechanisms for specifying queries and lists of results, among others, to be pursued in order to be able to solve the problem. A solution was developed that achieved the objectives pursued and in that solution a map was added that allows geographic queries, it is possible to ﬁlter the news by categories and was given some sort options of the results list, in addition to the search box that was added too. Finally an evaluation of the solution was made in which, according to the results obtained, showed that the inclusion of a map for searching the information with geographical context, helps users to ﬁnding what they want.
Post-conflict reconstruction in Mostar: Cart before the Horse

Thanks to its duration and boldness, the post-war reconstruction of Mostar, BosniaHerzegovina, will ultimately assume a prominent place in the professional literature alongside Beirut’s Solidere project and Warsaw’s historic core replication but whether or not the final assessment of its success will be flattering is difficult to surmise. Though extraordinary for its scope, complexity, and symbolism, the efforts that revitalised Mostar’s 16 century district in architectural terms were rarely synchronised with parallel rehabilitation programs in the political and social domains. The result is a lop-sided recovery in which a city regained its landmarks most notably a facsimile reconstruction of the renowned Old Bridge without regaining the public institutions that would provide income and reduce communal vulnerability. Making matters worse, only 30% of today’s Mostarians lived in the city prior to the conflict. How might the foreign funds that poured into Mostar have been better spent? According to which priorities were the funds expended? Though large flows of free foreign capital entered the city in the decade following the end of hostilities (1995-2004), lack of coordination and control resulted in reconstruction marred by arbitrariness, superficiality, and minimal capacity upgrade.
Proactive fault tolerance in cloud: A research perspective review

— Fault tolerance is one of the primarily focused research areas in the field of cloud computing. Most of the existing fault tolerance frameworks are based on reactive approaches. However, due to the advancement in artificial intelligence techniques, there is a wider scope of research in proactive fault tolerance. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the proactive fault tolerance frameworks in cloud. In addition, possible research directions are also described.
Funding the bud bank: A review of the costs of buds

Retaining a reserve of buds or meristems for recovery from I occasional damage is widespread among plants. Yet possession of a bud bank is not ubiquitous. Presumably there are costs to maintaining buds and for some species these costs outweigh the benefits. This paper has two themes. We estimate carbon costs of constructing and maintaining buds, and review other costs and benefits of buds in different situations. Second, we develop a framework for thinking quantitatively about the costs and benefits. Given available data and some reasonable assumptions, the absolute carbon costs of buds seem small. So the fact that many species do not maintain bud banks suggests that the benefits of buds may be negligible for them. Alternatively, buds may carry other costs. Costs of bud protection or of reserves that are coordinated with buds seem likely candidates.
Flower Pollination Optimization Based PID Controller Tuning Scheme With Robust Stabilization of Gain Scheduled CSTR

In the area of chemical and control engineering, Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) has been deliberated as a most important topic in temperature process control and it is a extremely nonlinear process, which displays stability only in definite regions and unsteadiness in other regions. In this CSTR, Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller has been used to minimize the Integral SquareError (ISE) by adjustment of control parameters like k_p,k_i and k_d. But, this conventional controller has high computational complexity, so to reduce this, the optimization based tool has been designed for PID and it was conceptually simple.Earlier, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization has been focused, but it was not guarantee for good fitness and global optimal solution. So to overcome this, here, Flower Pollination based Global Optimization Algorithm (FPGOA) with Gain scheduling based PID controller is proposed for CSTR. When a plant is exposing to big changes in its operational state, the Gain scheduling has been used. The FPGOA is used for tuning the parameters of PID controller for each region to reduce the ISE. The fuzzy gain scheduler has been combined with multiple local linear PID controllers to check the stability of loop for entire regions with various levels of temperatures. This scheduling is an exceptional form of fuzzy control, which customs linguistic rules and fuzzy perceptive to establish the controller factor transition strategy for the dynamic plant dependent on high changes in its operational state to improve the optimization. MATLAB results demonstrate that the feasibility of using the proposed PID controller compared than existing controller, and it shows the FPGOA attained better results, due to the effectual fitness and global optimal solution for the dynamical nonlinear control of CSTR. The response curves of these systems has been generated and compared with existing schemes.
Distribution and mobility of toxic metals in Thymus alsarensis Ronniger in the Allchar As–Sb–Tl mine, Republic of Macedonia

Abstract The Allchar district is an abandoned antimony–arsenic–thallium deposit located in the north-western region of Kožuf mountain in the Republic of Macedonia. The locality of Allchar has a complex and unique mineral composition. The current study sought to investigate the levels of uptake and distribution of different heavy metals, such as As, Sb and Tl, in the different organs of Thymus alsarensis Ronniger, an endemic plant species of the area. Root, stem, leaf and flower samples, as well as corresponding soils, were processed, digested and then analysed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Significant accumulation of As, Sb and Tl in this endemic species was observed. Total As content in the soil ranged from 34.7 to 5288 mg kg–1, and the content of As in plants ranged from 0.25 to 140 mg kg–1. The content of Sb in soil and plants ranged from 6.3 to 130 mg kg–1 and 0.25 to 1.51 mg kg–1, respectively. Lastly, the content of Tl in soil and plants ranged from 2.0 to 330 mg kg–1 and 0.10 to 496 mg kg–1, respectively. Similar results were obtained from extraction tests of soil samples using various solvents.
Spider Polyamine Toxin

In the early 1980s, a new type of polyamine toxins was found in the venom of several orb-web spiders. Joro spider toxins (JSTXs) in the venom of Nephila clavata and Nephila spider toxins (NSTXs) derived from Nephila maculata blocked postsynaptic glutamate receptors in the invertebrate and vertebrate nervous system. Subsequently, chemical characterization and synthesis of JSTXs and NSTXs were carried out. These toxins and a synthetic analog, 1-naphthylacetylated spermine (Naspm), effectively suppressed glutamate channel responses of AMPA/KA type in mammalian central neurons. By use of recombinant subunit receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes, JSTX was found to cause subunit specific block of the Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors. This specific nature of JSTX was utilized to identify Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors in various neurons and glial cells. The JSTXs strongly suppressed excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the hippocampal CA1 neurons after transient brain ischemia. The results indicate that JSTXs are effective at blocking abnormal EPSCs that may induce Ca2+ accumulation leading to delayed neuronal death after transient ischemic insult. Recent evidence shows that Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors are involved in a variety of nervous diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and allodynia. The JSTXs are potentially useful to understand pathogenesis of these diseases.
F# Data: Accessing structured data made easy

Programming may not be the new literacy, but it is finding its way into many areas of modern society. For example, making sense of large amounts of data that are increasingly made available through open government data initiatives is almost impossible without some programming skills. In media, data journalism reflects this development. Data journalists still write articles and focus on stories, but programming is at the core of their work. Improving support for data access in programming language can make understanding data simpler, more usable and reproducible:
Establishment and Persistence Characteristics in Juvenile Leaves and Phyllodes of Acacia koa (Leguminosae) in Hawaii

Field measurements of gas exchange parameters, water relations, carbon isotope discrimination $(\Delta {}^{13}{\rm C})$, and nitrogen content were used to test the hypothesis that juvenile leaves and phyllodes of Acacia koa possess characteristics that promote establishment (rapid growth) and persistence (stress tolerance), respectively. Juvenile leaves had higher conductance, higher photosynthetic rate by mass, lower water-use efficiency, higher photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency, higher nitrogen content, a lower ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content, lower average water potential, and higher $\Delta {}^{13}{\rm C}$ than phyllodes. As conductance and photosynthesis rates increased for both leaf types, rates in phyllodes were more limited than rates in juvenile leaves. Differences in leaf morphology, including the ratio of leaf mass to leaf area, inclination, and minimal leaf dimension, account for differences in leaf performance.
Nanofabrication of channels using Electron beam lithography

Nanofabrication is a collection of techniques used for the design and manufacture of devices at the nanoscale. The three major avenues for nanofabrication are thins films, lithography and etching. Of the techniques of nanolithography key among them is Electron Beam Lithography(EBL), which is a high-resolution technique to fabricate structures with high resolution (~ 10 nm). In this project, we are going to demonstrate patterning of channels on oxidized silicon wafers which can be potentially used for movement of molecular motors such as actin filaments, NEMS, SETs and others. This process is carried out in three steps: Sample preparation (spin coating), patterning of channels (EBL) and development of channels (wet etching). The developed samples are then characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and ellipsometry, which is used to measure the thickness of the surface before and after etching. Also, the effect of the etching rate and the importance of motility of molecular motors on the channels are studied.
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies on a request from the Commission related to the safety of Allanblackia seed oil for use in yellow fat and cream based spreads

Allanblackia seed oil is obtained from the seeds of the Allanblackia tree (A. floribunda and A. stuhlmannii). The oil is isolated and refined according to commonly applied procedures. It meets the quality criteria of edible vegetable oils and the limits for potential contaminants set in the EU. Its physicochemical properties (semi-solid at room temperature) are determined by the high contents of stearic-oleic-stearic (SOS) and stearic-oleic-oleic (SOO) triglycerides (average values 69 % SOS; 23.0 % SOO). This unique arrangement of fatty acids makes the oil suitable as a hardstock component. Accordingly, Allanblackia seed oil is intended for use as a novel food ingredient in yellow fat and cream-based spreads.
The Effect of Virtual Spokes-Character Type upon On-Line Advertisements

Previous research rarely examines the difference about computer-generated imagery. To fill the research gap regarding spokes-characters, this study examines the rarely discussed influence of lip-synchronization in on-line advertisements. This study tests different types of virtual characters effects on advertisement effectiveness, including ad credibility, ad attitude, and ad attention. The main experiment includes eight conditions, in which each character has a different gender (male vs female), facial appearance (human-like vs cartoon-like characters), and lip-synchronization (adult vs child), presenting a hedonic animated on-line advertisement. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), this study reveals that cartoon-like/female with child lip-synchronization presented in the on-line advertisements cause more positive advertisement effectiveness.
Placobdella pediculata n. sp

IN the summer of 1889, while at Lake Pepin superintending the zoological work of the Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, Professor Nachtrieb found that some of the sheepsheads (Aplodintotus gfrunniens) which were being seined from the lake in large numbers by the local fishermen had a large parasitic leech fastened to the isthlmus or shoulder under the gill . cover. Three of these leeches were collected at that time, with portions of the fish showing the place and m-anner of a.ttaclhmenit. One of these specimens was later sent to Professor J. Percy Moore, who found it to be a new species of Placobdella, and suggested the specific name pediculata. All the specimens originally collected were adults, gorged with blood, and greatly modified in form -from the usual Placobcdella types by their close parasitic habit; so that, in some parts, annmlation and many other ,external features had been entirely obliterated. It was seen at once that to determine these features younger and better-preserved specimens must be obtained. Accordingly, during the first part of September, 1903, I spent several days with the fishermen around the head of Lake Pepin examining fish for this leech. During this time I examined many hundreds of fish and succeeded in obtaining three small specimens, none of which were over -a centimeter in length.
IMPROVING MECHANICAL AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF EPOXY RESIN BY THE ADDITION OF ECOFRIENDLY BIOCHAR DERIVED FROM COCONUT TREE

This work focuses on development of new type composite using bio char derived from Coconut tree produced by pyrolysis of the biomass at the temperature of 600◦C for two hours as reinforcement of epoxy matrix. Because of the growing demand for waste utilization development of bio char from such wastes proves to be a potential one for various applications. In this study focuses bio char reinforced epoxy resin for composite fabrication prepared by solution dispersion method with different weight percentages such as 1, 3 and 6% were reinforced epoxy matrix. The prepared specimens are subjected to flexural strength, impact strength, hardness and thermal conductivity. Results shows that increased in all mechanical test and thermal conductivity at 6% weight of biochar