Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aluminum Toxicity in Infants and Children

Dialysis encephalopathy and fracturing osteomalacia, which occur in hemodialysis units that use dialysis fluid contaminated with aluminum, have largely disappeared. This has been accomplished by establishing standards for safe concentrations of aluminum in dialysates. Infants, children, and adults with chronic renal failure who are not receiving dialysis have been shown to be at risk for aluminum intoxication from the oral administration of aluminum-containing phosphate binders. This complication should be avoided with the use of phosphate binders that do not contain aluminum and the use of other measures to control hyperphosphatemia. A number of substances commonly administered intravenously, including calcium and phosphorus salts and albumin, have high levels of aluminum. Premature infants receiving intravenous fluid therapy may accumulate aluminum and show evidence of aluminum toxicity. Efforts are being made to reduce the levels of aluminum in products added to intravenous solutions; these efforts must continue. Some infant formulas may contain relatively high concentrations of aluminum. The reported concentrations of aluminum in soy formulas and premature infant formulas are higher than those in other infant formulas. The potential impact of these formulas on the aluminum intake of premature infants and infants with impaired renal function should be recognized, although it is not clear that toxic effects result from the use of the formulas in these situations.
A Single-Stage Isolated Three-Phase Bidirectional AC/DC Converter for High Power Applications

A single-stage isolated three-phase bidirectional AC/DC converter is proposed to realize bidirectional AC/DC conversion, high-frequency electrical isolation and high power factor control. In high power applications, three transformers of the converter operate in symmetrical mode, which can distribute power equally and reduce current stress. The transformers adopt Y-A connection mode, which provide additional step-down conversion ratio and promotes the application of the converter in buck conversion. Compared with the traditional three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier, it does not need external industrial frequency transformer or DC/DC buck converter. Moreover, single-stage power conversion does not require decoupling capacitors, which has larger power density and lower cost. To guarantee the voltage-second balance of three transformers, the modified SVPWM algorithm is proposed. The operation principles and SVPWM algorithm are presented specifically. To verify the theoretical analysis, a 2.6kW prototype was built in the lab. And the experimental results show the good characteristics of the converter.
Enhancing Light Efficiency and Moisture Stability of the Quantum Dots-Light-Emitting Diodes by Coating Superhydrophobic Nanosilica Particles

Quantum dots-light-emitting diodes (QDs-LEDs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their outstanding performance of color-rendering index (CRI). QDs were found to undergo severe fluorescence quenching in moisture environments, while rare solutions were proposed to solve this issue. In this article, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (FOTS)-modified superhydrophobic nanosilica (FOTS-NS) particles were synthesized and coated on the QDs/polymer films to prevent the moisture from penetrating the films. The light efficiency of the FOTS-NS-coated LEDs was investigated, and the moisture stability of the FOTS-NS-coated QDs/polymer films was tested in an extreme moisture environment (50 °C, 99.6% relative humidity) for 270 h. The results show that compared with the uncoated LEDs, the FOTS-NS layer increases the light efficiency by ~10% for the blue LEDs and ~3.8% for the white LEDs (correlated color temperature of ~5000 K and Ra of ~91) by optimizing the particle deposition density of the FOTS-NS. Besides, the normalized peak intensity degradation of QDs embedded in the coated and uncoated films after aging for 270 h is ~35.68% and ~77.66%, showing the capacity of FOTS-NS layer on enhancing the moisture stability of the QDs-LEDs.
A Residential Demand-Side Management Strategy under Nonlinear Pricing Based on Robust Model Predictive Control

This paper presents a real-time demand side management framework based on robust model predictive control (RMPC) for residential smart grids. The system incorporates a number of interconnected smart homes, each equipped with controllable and non-controllable loads, as well as a shared energy storage system (ESS). We aim at minimizing the users’ energy payment and limiting the peak-to-average ratio (PAR) of the energy consumption while taking into account all device/comfort/contractual constraints, specifically the feasibility constraints on energy transferred between users and the power grid in presence of load demand uncertainty. We consider a quadratic cost function for energy bought from the grid. Firstly, the energy price and related constraints of the system are modeled. Then, a min-max robust problem is established to optimally schedule energy under an interval-based uncertainty set. We finally adopt model predictive control (MPC) to solve the resulting robust optimization problem iteratively over a finite-horizon time window based on the receding horizon concept. Moreover, the robustness of the proposed real-time approach against the level of conservativeness of the solution is addressed. The effectiveness of the method is validated through a simulated case study.
Robotic Arthroscopy: The Uncertainty in Internal Knee Joint Measurement

We report a study that developed algorithms to measure the dimension and uncertainty range of free space inside the knee joint for the purpose of minimally invasive surgery. During knee arthroscopy, the patient’s leg position is continuously adjusted to create the space for surgical instruments inside the joint. Surgeons ’feel’ the force they apply to the leg and estimate the joint space from a 2D video. In many cases, they overestimate the instrument gap, resulting in damaging to the knee joint by pushing instruments through a gap that is too small. We used cadaveric experiments to inform the noise induced by the sensors and image processing steps, to derive an error point-cloud in a simulated environment. From the point-cloud, we calculate the instrument gap range inside the knee joint. For a selected surgical instrument gap size, the measurement algorithm is accurate to less than a millimetre. However, measurement errors introduce an uncertainty of 14%. The performance of our algorithms demonstrates the use of a single-lens arthroscope to measure the instrument gap to provide feedback to a surgeon or enable control of a robotic leg manipulator.
Coupled-Inductor Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for EV Charging Applications with Wide Voltage Conversion Ratio and Low Parts Count

This paper proposes a new bidirectional dc-dc converter and presents its application for electric-vehicle (EV) charging applications. Using the benefits of a coupled-inductor, the proposed converter exhibits a wide voltage conversion ratio in both buck and boost modes, while using lesser number of components compared to other unidirectional and bidirectional converter counterparts. The steady-state analysis of the converter is presented and the steady-state waveforms are derived. The expressions for the dc voltage and current transfer functions, current and voltage stresses of the semiconductor components, and the design expressions for the converter passive components are derived. Design of a 3.2 kW, 380 V at Low-Voltage (LV) side and 48 V at High-Voltage (HV) side bidirectional converter is shown and verified by simulations. Simulation show efficiencies greater than 95% for both operating modes. A laboratory prototype of a small-scale 300 W bidirectional dc-dc converter with 40 V at LV-side and 300 V at HV-side is considered. The experimental results to support the theoretical predictions are given.
Design of Power Monitoring System Based on Wireless Network

In view of the slow fault warning of three traditional power monitoring systems, namely manual monitoring system, PDN technology and CNSU technology, the design of power monitoring system based on wireless network is proposed. The hardware facilities such as sensors, coordinators and data storage interfaces are optimized to realize the hardware design of power monitoring system. And through the watchdog timer to reduce monitoring stuck ton situation, monitoring video effectively read, and the failure of the data alarm reminder, in order to achieve the software design. Experimental results show that the hardware and software design of the power monitoring system can timely remind the power system failure and reduce the loss of power system failure.
Surface grafted core-shell chitosan-modified solid lipid nanoparticles: characterization and application in hydrophobic drug delivery

Hybrid nanoparticles combining the core of a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) system and chitosan (CS) shell were developed for the delivery of hydrophobic curcumin (cur). The curcumin loaded CS-SLNs nanoparticles were formulated by an amalgamation of double-emulsion evaporation and ionic gelation technique for stronger linkage between CS and SLN. The unmodified SLNs and surface modified core-shell CS-SLNs were characterized and compared for particle size, morphology, surface chemistry, and drug release. The CS-SLNs were found to be spherical nano-sized particles with the SLN core acting as a drug depot and outer chitosan shell providing stability and the controlled release of curcumin. Potential application in cancer drug delivery was evaluated by determination of in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptotic effect of encapsulated curcumin on MCF-7 cells. The results suggest that the prepared core-shell nanoparticles are promising delivery systems for poorly soluble drugs with low bioavailability.
Multi-Harmonic Design and Optimization of PMSMs

This paper is about investigating the potential of multi-harmonic design of electric machines. Thereby, multi-harmonic refers to the temporal periodic characteristic of linked fluxes and currents of the stator phases in order to ensure high-efficient operation with very low torque ripple. The considered PMSM features an interior rotor were magnets are inset to the rotor core. In order to have a fair comparison with conventional PMSMs featuring sinusoidal currents, an optimization scenario is defined where the same outer dimensions as well as magnet and copper volume for both design variants are considered. The use of multiple current harmonics requires a dedicated strategy for evaluating machine designs, as the conventional dq-grid analysis cannot be applied. The adopted approach is depicted and results of the optimization are illustrated. Moreover, a comparison of measurements for prototypes is presented. Results reveal that adding more degrees of freedom in terms of multiple harmonics can give significant improvements for performance measures efficiency and torque ripple. This particularly holds if the harmonics are already considered throughout the machine design process, rather than only at post-processing stage.
IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF THYMUS VULGARIS ESSENCE ON CANDIDA ALBICANS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANDIDIASIS

زمینه و هدف: کاندیدا آلبیکنس شایع ترین عامل اتیولوژیک بیماری های ناشی از مخمرهای جنس کاندیدا است. با توجه به این که مقاومت قارچ ها نسبت به تعدادی از داروهای ضد قارچی افزایش یافته و بسیاری از این داروها سمی و گران هستند، بررسی فرآورده های طبیعی گیاهی موثر بر این قارچ ها ضروری است. لذا هدف این تحقیق بررسی اثر اسانس آویشن بر ممانعت از رشد کاندیدا آلبیکنس در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بود. روش بررسی: این مطالعه تجربی بر روی 50 بیمار مبتلا به کاندیدیازیس دهانی، صورت گرفت. نمونه های حاصل از سواپ در محیط سابورودکستروز آگار همراه با سیکلوهگزیمید و کلرآمفنیکل کشت و در نهایت با انجام آزمایشات تکمیلی، تعداد 32 ایزوله به عنوان کاندیدا آلبیکنس شناسایی و در محیط کشت رشد داده شدند. سپس اسانس آویشن در غلظت های مختلف به این محیط اضافه و حداقل غلظت مهار کننده اسانس برای رقت های مختلف سوسپانسیونی حاوی کاندیدا آلبیکنس محاسبه گردید. یافته ها: حداقل غلظت مهار کننده اسانس آویشن برای رقت های 10، 1-10 و 2-10 برابر با 390/0 میکرولیتر در هر میلی لیتر و برای رقت 3-10 و 4-10 به ترتیب برابر با 195/0 و 0975/0 میکرولیتر در هر میلی لیتر از محیط کشت تعیین شد. نتیجه گیری: اسانس آویشن دارای اثر ضد قارچی بسیار خوب علیه کاندیدا آلبیکنس می باشد و در مقادیر نسبتا کم می تواند از رشد کاندیدا آلبیکنس در محیط کشت جلوگیری نماید.
Power Converters Classification and Characterization in Power Transmission Systems

Because of the throng of control strategies based Voltage Source Converters (VSC) recently proposed in the literature; their classification and characterization are becoming a trending topic. The high similarities of the proposed control strategies may lead to confusions and a misunderstanding of vocabulary. Therefore, this paper seeks first to highlight the possible features fulfilled by power converters in a large power system. The combination of these features is used to classify power converters. Furthermore, power converters can be seen by a power transmission system operators as black boxes, and they may have the same inputs and outputs, which makes their characterizations more difficult. This paper looks to show that only the fundamental nature of the source has an influence on the system dynamic behavior, thus, power converter can be characterized from their transient behavior in response to grid disturbances.
May I Cut Into Your Lane?: A Policy Network to Learn Interactive Lane Change Behavior for Autonomous Driving

In this paper, we propose a new lane change policy network which can learn interactive lane change behavior using reinforcement learning. The proposed policy network decides whether it will change lanes or not based on the behavior of the neighboring vehicles. First, the perception module obtains the relative location and speed of the neighboring vehicles along with the detected lane marking and encodes them into two dimensional synthetic image. Then, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied to extract the high-level interaction features from the input image and produce the lane change decision maximizing the expected accumulated reward. Then, the control module executes the appropriate driving maneuvers for carrying out the lane change decision. Note that the interactive driving policy learned in a goal (reward)-oriented manner produces the consistent driving behavior and generalizes well to diverse scenarios. Furthermore, separating the perception and control modules from the policy network allows the capacity of the whole network to be fully utilized to learn interactive lane change behavior. Our experiments show that our policy network trained with the deep Q network (DQN) framework yields safe and interactive driving behavior in a variety of scenarios.
A Parallel Topology for Modularized IPT Systems

The inductive power transfer (IPT) technology is gaining more and more attentions due to its convenience and safety. Because of the current limitation of commercial power electronic devices, the modular parallel technology has been adopted in high power IPT applications. The topologies based on the parallel voltage or current sources are proposed in recent researches. However, these topologies do not have the ability of modular switching due to the coupling of the module impedance. When the number of active modules decreases, the device stress of remaining active modules increases, which reduces the reliability of the IPT systems. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a new parallel topology for modular IPT systems. The device stress in active modules remains unchanged when modules are switched off. A 4.8kW IPT system with three modules is built to verify the decoupling characteristic of proposed parallel topology. The experimental result shows good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
Optimization of the discharge cut-off voltage in LiFePO4 battery packs

Considering that the voltage and capacity/energy level of a single battery cell cannot meet the requirements of electric vehicles, hundreds of battery cells are usually connected in series/parallel. The discharge cut-off voltage of the battery cells is an important factor affecting the consistency of the terminal voltage and the capacity usage efficiency (i.e., the ratio of the discharged capacity to the nominal capacity) for a battery pack. This paper presents an optimization method for determining the LiFePO4 battery cell discharge cut-off voltage considering three factors: capacity usage efficiency, terminal voltage dispersion, and minimum terminal voltage. By applying this optimization method to different number of series-connected battery cells, the relationship between the optimized discharge cut-off voltage and the number of battery cells is deduced, and this relationship is instructive for the operation of the battery pack. Compared with the conventional method where the discharge cut-off voltage is 2 V, the terminal voltage dispersion is greatly reduced and the maximum rate of variation is 10.7%. At the same time, the minimum terminal voltage increases by about 1.5% and the capacity usage efficiency only declines by about 0.5%. Consequently, the battery cells will not be over-discharged because the minimum terminal voltage is larger than 2 V. The rate of decline of the capacity usage efficiency is small and it can be ignored. Moreover, the level of consistency among the terminal voltage of the battery cells is improved and lifetime of the battery pack will be extended.
Direct Oil Cooling of End-Windings in Torus-Type Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Machines

For high power density applications, such as electric or hybrid electric vehicles, heat extraction is a crucial aspect in electrical machine design due to stringent machine volume specifications. In these cases, it is extremely difficult if at all possible, to satisfy the maximum temperature requirement when using conventional cooling systems such as housing fins, shaft-mounted fans or even water jackets, due to insufficiently low thermal resistances. To this end, a novel direct oil cooling system conceived for Torus-type axial-flux permanent-magnet machines, is proposed here. In order to demonstrate its effectiveness, lumped thermal equivalent circuit simulations, finite element analyses and experimental tests are presented. Furthermore, the expected performances of the machine using the proposed direct oil cooling are compared to those obtained using state-of-the-art water cooling.
Common Mode Voltage Reduction of Single-Phase Quasi-Z-Source Inverter Based Photovoltaic System

A common mode voltage (CMV) reduction method is proposed for the active power filter (APF) integrated single-phase quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) based photovoltaic (PV) power system. The APF integrated qZSI completely compensates the dc-side double-line-frequency (2ω) ripple through the APF capacitor, while maintaining low qZS inductance and capacitance. The proposed method reduces the CMV amplitude to half of that using the traditional sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM). The switching and conduction power losses are analyzed. Simulation and analysis demonstrate the proposed method reduces CMV without loss of performance and efficiency of the APF integrated single-phase qZSI.
Dimensionality Reduction Based on Feature Selection for Rice Varieties Recognition

Rice is a primary source of people all around the world. Rice quality is mainly depend on the genetic characteristics of a rice variety. One of the most important tasks for quality control of rice production is rice seed classification. We present an approach for rice seed images classification based on Histogram of Oriented Gradient descriptor and feature selection. The experiment is applied on a VNRICE benchmark dataset and show the efficiency of the proposed approach by reducing the number of selected features and increasing the accuracy.
An Investigation about the Scalability of the Spoofing Detection System

Anti spoofing techniques to mitigate spoofing threats in automatic speaker verification has gained more interest. Spoofing detection system is supposed to work for any kind of spoofing attacks in the real world. Nowadays, Spoofing countermeasures built either to mitigate synthetic speech or replayed speech but not for both simultaneously. This work investigates about the effectiveness of building a unified spoofing detection system which could handle the synthesized speech and replayed speech. This is first ever attempt in this research field. We have used the state of the art system features and classifiers for this study. All the experiments are done on ASVSpoof2015 and ASVSpoof 2017 V2.0 standard datasets.
Electromigration Activation Energies in Alternative Metal Interconnects

The electromigration (EM) activation energy (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {E}_{\text {A}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of alternative metals, such as Ru and Co, was obtained using low-frequency noise (LFN) measurements. High activation energies were expected, but values of ≈1 eV are found, most likely related to diffusion along with the metal-dielectric interface. Wafer-level accelerated EM tests were carried out to compare the LFN <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {E}_{\text {A}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to the EM <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {E}_{\text {A}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the Ru wires. The calculation of the EM <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {E}_{\text {A}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is found to be strongly dependent on the assumed temperature profile in the wire due to Joule heating (JH). The temperature profile was calculated analytically, assuming the contacts are at ambient temperature. For a void forming in direct proximity of the contact, the EM <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {E}_{\text {A}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> then matches the LFN <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {E}_{\text {A}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. For a void at average wire temperature (ambient + JH), <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {E}_{\text {A}}\approx $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2 eV. In addition to demonstrating the application of LFN to study EM in alternative metals, this article also cautions for the impact of JH on the calculation of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {E}_{\text {A}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in interconnects.
Software-in-the-loop simulation for improving flight control system design: a quadrotor case study

Simulation is a standard approach used for designing complex systems like the flight controller in multi-rotor vehicles. In this paper we illustrate how the software-in-the-loop (SIL) methodology allows to detect and manage instabilities of a quadrotor control system that otherwise might not arise when considering only Matlab/Simulink simulations.The use of the SIL technique allows to understand the behavior of the flight control system by comparing and evaluating different scenarios, with a details level quite close to reality. At the same time, it is possible to discover issues that a model-in-the-loop (MIL) simulation does not necessarily detect, even if carried out through a multi-physics co-simulation approach.The paper aims to give the reader a practical and concrete evidence of such considerations through the case study of a micro quadrotor.