Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Best Microphysics Option to Improve Accuracy of Medium Range Rainfall Forecast for Tamil Nadu

Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is a numerical weather prediction system and having wide range of applications.It offers multiple physics options that could be combined in any way to improve the accuracy of forecast suitable to particular region.Each physics option has it’s own individuality and no single scheme could perform better in all locations. In this context, a study was carried out to identify the best WRF microphysics scheme for improvingmedium range rainfallforecastissued by Tami Nadu Agricultural University at block levelforTamil Nadu. Based on the review of previous studies, the present study was restricted to three microphysics options which are suitable for tropical conditions viz. Kessler scheme, WSM3 and WSM6 class schemes. Forecast wasdeveloped daily at 3 km resolution with a lead time of six days for 32 locations of Tamil Nadu and for the first fortnight of November 2017. The simulated forecast values were verified with the observed data collected from the Automatic Weather Stations of TamilNadu Agricultural Weather Network (TAWN) using skill score and root mean square error verification methods. Input data resolution and microphysics option had huge impact on model performance. Data resolution of 0.25 degree performed better than 0.50 degree in all microphysics schemes considered for the study. Among the three microphysics options, the Kessler scheme had higher rainfall forecast accuracy than WSM 3 class scheme and WSM 6 class scheme. Root mean square error was also low in Kessler scheme compared to other two schemes. Kessler scheme produced highly usable forecast than WSM 3 and 6 class schemes. Hence, it is concluded that the Kessler scheme with 0.25o input data resolution produced higher rainfall forecast accuracy for Tamil Nadu region.
Notes on updating the EU-SILC UDB sample design variables 2012-2014

Indicators based on EU-SILC should be accompanied by appropriate standard errors, and in order to do so, it is necessary to consider the sample design. Because important sample design variables are missing in the EU-SILC User Database (UDB), the aim of this note is to explain the update of EU-SILC UDB sample design variables for 2012 (version 4), 2013 (version 3) and 2014 (version 1), based on the methodology developed by GoedemA© (2010b, 2013a). Although several of the challenges for reconstructing the EU-SILC sample design variables are identical for all releases of the data, the update required minor adjustments in the computation of the new sample design variables psu1 and strata1. The effect of the use of the new sample design variables on standard errors is observed for Â‘At risk of povertyÂ’ and Â‘Material deprivationÂ’, for which SE values are found to be larger when the sample design variables are considered.
On the Foundations of Guidelines for Health Economic Assessment

In recent years, increased attention has been given to guidelines for cost-effectiveness analysis of medical interventions, and some of these guidelines (such as NICE [1]) have become rather influential. In the paper, we present a model of retrieving and processing information to be used for the study of guidelines and their use. Our main result, which relies on a version of the theorem of Blackwell [2], shows that in cases where there are sufficiently many decisions to be made on the basis of the information obtained, there can be no other objective ranking of methods than the trivial one ranking more information is higher than less information. In our context, this means that guidelines may have administrative advantages but cannot be considered as a scientifically based approach to better decision making.
Optimizing Concentrating Mirrors and Fiber Optics for Food Production on Mars

Growing food on Mars for long-term space exploration has many benefits including reduced costs and fuel requirements for lift-off, increased nutrition and psychological benefits for astronauts, and oxygen and water regeneration. However, there are also many complication including potential threats caused by the thinner atmosphere, which would force production underground or into a heavily armored base. Fiber optics and concentrating mirrors for photon delivery provide a more efficient system than more traditional electric systems. This technology transmits solar radiation, and the spectra can be altered by tuning the mirrors to only transmit photosynthetic photons. In order to reduce heat loads and optimize food production it is important to determine whether ultra-violet and far-red photons should be included or excluded from this system. The photons in this range can be either beneficial or detrimental depending on the crop, timing and intensity.
Projected Slowdown of Antarctic Bottom Water Formation in Response to Amplified Meltwater Contributions

The sinking and recirculation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) are a major regulator of the storage of heat, carbon, and nutrients in the ocean. This sinking is sensitive to changes in surface buoyancy, in particular because of freshening since salinity plays a greater role in determining density at cold temperatures. Acceleration in Antarctic ice-shelf and land-ice melt could thus significantly impact the ventilation of the world’s oceans, yet future projections do not usually include this effect in models. Here we use an ocean–sea ice model to investigate the potential long-term impact of Antarctic meltwater on ocean circulation and heat storage. The freshwater forcing is derived from present-day estimates of meltwater input from drifting icebergs and basal melt, combined with RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios of projected amplification of Antarctic meltwater. We find that the additional freshwater induces a substantial slowdown in the formation rate of AABW, reducing ventilation of the abyssal ocean. Under both the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 meltwater scenarios, there is a near-complete shutdown of AABW formation within just 50 years, something that is not captured by climate model projections. The abyssal overturning at ~30°S also weakens, with an ~20-yr delay relative to the onset of AABW slowdown. After 200 years, up to ~50% of the original volume of AABW has disappeared as a result of abyssal warming, induced by vertical mixing in the absence of AABW ventilation. This result suggests that climate change could induce the disappearance of present-day abyssal water masses, with implications for the global distribution of heat, carbon, and nutrients.
Space as designs for and in learning: investigating the interplay between space, interaction and learning sequences in higher education

In this article, the author seeks to investigate the interplay between space, interaction and learning sequences in higher education. She argues that space is an important part of designs for learning, where the building and the rooms are parts of the framing and the conditions for learning; furthermore, she discusses space as a resource in the meaning-making process, considering space as a significant part of designs in learning. The analysis builds on the concept that we can read space as three-dimensional text, using Halliday’s metafunctional theory to understand meaning potential in a space. The article also draws on a design-oriented perspective called ’Designs for Learning’ and demonstrates how we can understand space as being a part both of designs for learning and of designs in learning.
Hybrid Algorithm to Evaluate E-Business Website Comments

Online reviews are considered of an important indicator for users to decide on the activity they wish to do, whether it is watching a movie, going to a restaurant, or buying a product. It also serves businesses as it keeps tracking user feedback. The sheer volume of online reviews makes it difficult for a human to process and extract all significant information to make purchasing choices. As a result, there has been a trend toward systems that can automatically summarize opinions from a set of reviews. In this paper, we present a hybrid algorithm that combines an auto-summarization algorithm with a sentiment analysis (SA) algorithm, to offer a personalized user experiences and to solve the semantic-pragmatic gap. The algorithm consists of six steps that start with the original text document and generate a summary of that text by choosing the N most relevant sentences in the text. The tagged texts are then processed and then passed to a Naive Bayesian classifier along with their tags as training data. The raw data used in this paper belong to the tagged corpus positive and negative processed movie reviews introduced in [1]. The measures that are used to gauge the performance of the SA and classification algorithm for all test cases consist of accuracy, recall, and precision. We describe in details both the aspect of extraction and sentiment detection modules of our system.
Spatio‐temporal patterns of tree growth as related to carbon isotope fractionation in European forests under changing climate

Tatiana A. Shestakova1 | Jordi Voltas2 | Matthias Saurer3 | Frank Berninger4 | Jan Esper5 | Laia Andreu‐Hayles6 | Valérie Daux7 | Gerhard Helle8 | Markus Leuenberger9 | Neil J. Loader10 | Valérie Masson‐Delmotte7 | Antonio Saracino11 | John S. Waterhouse12 | Gerhard H. Schleser13 | Zdzisław Bednarz14 | Tatjana Boettger15 | Isabel Dorado‐Liñán16 | Marc Filot9 | David Frank17 | Michael Grabner18 | Marika Haupt15 | Emmi Hilasvuori19 | Högne Jungner19 | Maarit Kalela‐Brundin20 | Marek Krąpiec21 | Hamid Marah22 | Sławomira Pawełczyk23 | Anna Pazdur23 | Monique Pierre7 | Octavi Planells24 | Rūtilė Pukienė25 | Christina E. Reynolds‐Henne26 | Katja T. Rinne‐Garmston (Rinne)27 | Angelo Rita28 | Eloni Sonninen19 | Michel Stiévenard7 | Vincent R. Switsur12† | Elżbieta Szychowska‐Kra̧piec21 | Malgorzata Szymaszek23 | Luigi Todaro28 | Kerstin Treydte3 | Adomas Vitas29 | Martin Weigl30 | Rupert Wimmer31 | Emilia Gutiérrez24
HIGH RESOLUTION THREE-DIMENSIONAL LASER-SCANNING OF THE TYPE SPECIMEN OF EUBRONTES (?) GLENROSENSIS SHULER, 1935, FROM THE COMANCHEAN (LOWER CRETACEOUS) OF TEXAS: IMPLICATIONS FOR DIGITAL ARCHIVING AND PRESERVATION

The lower member of the Glen Rose Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous) in what is now Dinosaur Valley State Park preserves dinosaur trackways of theropods and sauropods. An excavated theropod track was built into the wall of the bandstand at the Somervell County Courthouse by the citizens of Glen Rose, Texas, in 1933 and later designated as the type specimen of the ichnospecies Eubrontes (? ) glenrosensis. To this day, this unique paleontological and cultural resource attracts visitors. Over the past 74 years, exposure to the elements has caused erosional loss, altering the shape of the track impression, but to an unknown degree. In order to preserve the current state of the type specimen and provide a baseline for future analyses, 3D laser scanning was employed to perform in situ digitization of the track. The scans were post-processed to generate a high-resolution 3D digital model of the track. The model was rendered in various media formats for viewing, publication, and archival purposes. Raw scan data and industry-standard 3D object files formats are available for download. Portable 3D laser scanners capture original fossil morphology and texture, thus providing a low cost, high fidelity alternative to traditional molding and casting. The results demonstrate the advantages of using portable laser scanners to capture field data and create high-resolution, interactive models that can be digitally archived and made accessible via the worldwide web for research and education. Thomas L. Adams. Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0395 U.S.A. tladams@smu.edu Christopher Strganac. Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0395 U.S.A. tstrgana@mail.smu.edu Michael J. Polcyn. Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0395 U.S.A. mpolcyn@smu.edu Louis L. Jacobs. Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0395 U.S.A. jacobs@smu.edu
Urbanization as a driver of changing food demand in Africa: Evidence from rural-urban migration in Tanzania

There is rising concern that the ongoing wave of urbanization will have profound effects on eating patterns and increase the risk of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. Yet, our understanding of urbanization as a driver of food consumption remains limited and primarily based upon research designs that fail to disentangle the effect of living in an urban environment from other socioeconomic disparities. Data from the Tanzania National Panel Survey, which tracked out-migrating respondents, allow us to compare individualsâ€™ dietary patterns before and after they relocated from rural to urban areas and assess whether those changes differ from household members who stayed behind or moved to a different rural area. We find that individuals who relocated to urban areas experience a much more pronounced shift away from the consumption of traditional staples, and towards more high-sugar, conveniently consumed and prepared foods. Contrary to what is often claimed in the literature, living in an urban environment is not found to contribute positively to the intake of protein-rich foods, nor to diet diversity. Though we do not find a strong association with weight gain, these changes in eating patterns represent a clear nutritional concern regarding the potential longer-term impacts of urbanization. Our results however also indicate that the growth of unhealthy food consumption with urbanization is largely linked to rising incomes. As such, health concerns over diets can be expected to spread rapidly to less-urbanized areas as well, as soon as income growth takes off there. Our findings clearly call for more in-depth research that may help to improve health and food and nutrition security as well as correctly predict food demand and adapt trade, agricultural and development policies.
Analysis of ecotourism potential of Heart of Borneo in Betung Kerihun and Danau Sentarum National Parks, Kapuas Hulu district.

Betung Kerihun National Park (TNBK) and Danau Sentarum National Park (TNDS) is one of the Conservation District that directly adjacent to neighboring Malaysia and as a form of Transboundary Conservation Area (TBCA) between Indonesia and Malaysia. This national park is also included in the National Tourism Strategic Area (KSPN) and becomes one of the three Destination Management Organization of the Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia as well as the National Tourism Destination. Tourism sector, particularly ecotourism can be used as the spearhead and even become a leading sector in increasing the potential of PAD. This study aims to analyze the tourism potential and attractions of attraction in two national parks and determine the feasibility in ecotourism development. This research was using descriptive research, with approach using analysis of tourism potency and object of natural tourist attraction (Obyek Daya Tarik Wisata Alam/ODTWA). The results show that TNBK and TNDS is feasible to be developed as ecotourism destination based on the recapitulation of potential value of objects and natural attractions attraction with a potential value index of 78.20%. Some criteria that require attention and improvement are accessibility and accommodation, so it can be a priority if this national park area developed into ecotourism destination.
Editorial: The impact of age-related changes in brain network organization and sleep on memory

© 2022 Mary, Bastin, Lina and Rauchs. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: The impact of age-related changes in brain network organization and sleep on memory
The Significance of Air Circulation and Hearth Location at Paleolithic Cave Sites

Hearths were constructed and used at Paleolithic cave and rockshelter sites in Africa, Europe and Asia as early as the late Lower Paleolithic period. The advantages of the use of fire have been widely researched for the last decades. However, only a few studies have focused on the possible negative impact of the use of fire within closed spaces, such as caves. One of the major negative fire products is smoke, which has an immediate, as well as long-term, effect on humans and may even prevent cave occupation after a short period. In this study we propose a basic air circulation model based on thermodynamics to represent smoke ventilation in caves. We employ this model to shed light on the relationship between smoke dispersal and cave structure, opening dimensions, hearth characteristics, and seasonal temperature fluctuations. We further show that hearth location was crucial in allowing humans to occupy prehistoric caves while using fire on a regular basis. We present preliminary insights from specific case studies, demonstrating the potential of understanding smoke ventilation in reconstructing the hearth season of use and location within the cave.
A Proof‐of‐Concept Study of Using a Less Permeable Slice Along the Shoreline to Increase Fresh Groundwater Storage of Oceanic Islands: Analytical and Experimental Validation

We propose a new concept that has the potential to mitigate seawater intrusion and increase the fresh groundwater storage of oceanic islands by creating a less permeable slice along the shoreline. We present a proof‐of‐concept study to examine its effectiveness through analytical and experimental studies. Analytical expressions for calculating the freshwater‐seawater interface location, water table elevation, fresh groundwater volume, and groundwater travel time are presented for both barrier and circular islands, which are found dependent on three different scenarios of interface locations. The analytical solution of the interface location in a barrier island is verified through sand‐tank experiments. Sensitivity analyses based on a simplified conceptual model of St. George Island in Florida, USA, indicate that the fresh groundwater volume monotonically increases with the decrease in the hydraulic conductivity of the coastal less permeable hydrogeologic unit. On the other hand, the increase of the coastal less permeable unit extent leads to an increased fresh groundwater volume. However, when the interface tip is on the aquifer bed of the coastal less permeable unit, a further increase of the less permeable unit extent only slightly increases the fresh groundwater volume, since the interface does not change any more and only the water table is elevated. We demonstrate here that the concept proposed has the potential in increasing the fresh groundwater storage of oceanic islands. Analytical expressions presented can improve our understanding of seawater intrusion in a dual‐unit oceanic island.
Research on Network Path Planning Algorithms Based on Multi-Ant Colonies' Parallel Optimization

The traffic manager needs to plan a scheme for each mission in military support or emergency,which is a multi-source multi-destination problem.It is NP-C.A new network path planning algorithm based on multi-ant colonies' parallel optimization is presented.According to a certain scheduling policy for key network resources,finding a feasible path which satisfies the constraint of transportation properties and the constraint of service quality for each support task,and a scheme which makes the morest missions be successful is planned.Finally,an example is used to validate the model and algorithms.
Discontinuities in understanding follicular development, the ovulatory cycle and the oviposition cycles in the hen: Advances, opportunities, slow downs and complete stops

There has been considerable progress in understanding follicular development, the ovulatory cycle and the oviposition cycles in the hen. In particular, there have been tremendous advances in understanding follicular development and recruitment of follicles to the hierarchy of large yellow follicles. There is a need to continue to follow the earlier literature while employing present techniques. Early work allowed an understanding of the ovulation and oviposition cycles. Models for ovulation were developed. However, while these have no passed the test of time, there is no present model that fully accounts to the cycles. Earlier work employed ahemoral light cycles to examine ovulation and oviposition cycles. Recent work has demonstrated that clock genes are expressed in the ovary. The control of incubation by prolactin has been largely elucidated in turkeys. There is evidence that other endocrine glands influence female reproduction in birds including the adrenal cortex, thyroid and pineal. However, there is much that remains to be fully understood.
The dynamic chromosphere at millimeter wavelengths

The chromosphere is one of the most complex and dynamic layers of the solar atmosphere. The dynamic phenomena occur on different spatial and temporal scales, not only in active regions but also in the so-called quiet Sun. In this paper we review recent advances in our understanding of these phenomena that stem from the analysis of observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The unprecedented sensitivity as well as spatial and temporal resolution of ALMA at millimeter wavelengths have advanced the study of diverse phenomena such as chromospheric p-mode-like and high-frequency oscillations, as well as small-scale, weak episodes of energy release, including shock waves. We review the most important results of these studies by highlighting the new aspects of the phenomena that have revealed as well as the new questions and challenges that have generated.
3D Gauss-Newton Inversion of CSEM Data with Structural Regularization

3D Gauss-Newton inversion of CSEM data need to be stabilized by regularization techniques which introduce assumptions about the resistivity models. Most often the models are assumed to be smooth, especially in the horizontal direction, which is justified by the layered structure of subsurface sediments. In structurally complex areas, however, such assumptions are no longer correct. We introduce a type of structural regularization that can be used when interpreted horizons from 3D seismic are available. We assume that resistivity variations are smooth in the direction of the horizons and we reduce regularization strength at formation boundaries and fault planes. Anisotropic 3D Gauss-Newton inversions of synthetic and real data demonstrate that this can provide resistivity models with similar or better data fit, and that are easier to interpret because of improved conformance with geological structures.
Access Management in Medical Image Databases Based on New Format and Contents Protection with Inverse Pyramid Decomposition

In the paper is presented one new approach for creation and management of medical image databases with multi-layer access, based on the Inverse Pyramid Decomposition (IPD). The archived visual data is compressed using the special IDP format, presented in detail in this paper. The new approach offers flexible tools for multi-layer transfer of the processed information with consecutively quality improvement, together with reliable content protection ensured by digital watermark insertion and data hiding. The IDP permits insertion of multiple watermarks in same file. Part of the visual information (specific regions of interest in the medical images) is hidden for the low access levels and could be revealed by authorized users only.