Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learner Driver Experience and Teenagers' Crash Risk During the First Year of Independent Driving.

Importance One mechanism for teenagers' elevated crash risk during independent driving may be inadequate learner driving experience. Objective To determine how learner driver experience was associated with crash risk during the first year of independent driving. Design, Setting, and Participants Youth aged 15.5 to 16.1 years at recruitment were eligible to participate. Participants' vehicles were instrumented with sensors, and driving was recorded during the learner period through 1 year of independent driving. Data were collected from January 2011 through August 2014 in southwestern Virginia. Exposures The amount, consistency and variety of practice, driving errors, and kinematic risky driving (KRD) rates during the learner period were recorded. Surveys, including one on sensation-seeking personality traits, were assessed at baseline. Main Outcomes and Measures Cox proportional hazard regressions examined associations between individual characteristics and learner driving experience with driving time to first crash and all crashes in the first year of independent driving. So that hazard ratios (HRs) can be directly comparable, units of measurement were standardized to the interquartile range. Results Of 298 individuals who responded to recruitment, 90 fulfilled the criteria and 82 completed the study (of whom 75 were white [91%] and 44 were girls [54%]). Teenage participants drove a mean (SD) of 1259.2 (939.7) miles over 89 days during the learner period. There were 49 property-damage crashes and/or police-reportable crashes during independent driving. Factors associated with driving time to first crash included higher sensation-seeking personality scale scores (HR, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.08-2.57] per 0.75-unit increase), learner driving KRD rates (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.12-1.43] per 9.24-unit increase), and learner driving errors (HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.22-0.86] per increase of 6.48 errors). Similar results were obtained for all crashes in the first year, with the addition of consistency of learner driving practice (HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.38-0.99] per 0.23-unit increase). Conclusions and Relevance Individual characteristics and learner driving experiences were associated with crash risk during independent driving. As expected, there was an association between sensation seeking and crashes. Elevated KRD rates during the learner period may reflect risky driving behavior among novices or tolerance to abrupt maneuvers by parents who supervise driving. Consistent practice throughout the learner period could reduce teenage crash risk, which is supported by learning theories indicating distributed practice is effective for developing expertise. Errors during practice may constitute learning events that reinforce safer driving. Physicians could encourage parents to provide opportunities for regular practice driving and monitor their teenager's KRD rates during the learner period using in-vehicle or smartphone-based technology.
Emotion recognition in patients with schizophrenia: The role of sex.

BACKGROUND Despite the abundant research on emotion recognition in schizophrenia, there are still some issues about which there is no conclusive data. The present study examined one these issues: the role that sex plays in emotion recognition. METHOD The sample consisted of 440 participants, 220 patients with schizophrenia and 220 controls. Measures of the six basic emotions, psychopathology, and cognitive functioning were taken. The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Controls perceived all emotions, except happiness, better than patients. In the patient group three main results were obtained: 1) men recognized disgust and neutral expressions better than women; 2) happiness and sadness were better recognized on female faces, while disgust and neutral expressions were better recognized on male faces; and 3) a significant interaction was seen between the stimulus sex and the participant sex only for the fear emotion. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained support the hypothesis that deficits in the recognition of emotions is a core feature of schizophrenia that affects both men and women to the same extent. There is no clear pattern of interaction between the sex of the perceiver and the sex of the photograph used as a stimulus.
The oxygen ion conductivity of Lu doped ceria

The oxygen ion conductivity of polycrystalline samples of Lu doped ceria is studied using impedance spectroscopy. Lutetium doped ceria is of particular interest as Lu has a similar ionic radius as the host cation Ce. The change of the ionic conductivity as a function of the Lu dopant fraction is investigated in detail revealing a similar behavior as Sm doped ceria that has one of the highest ionic conductivity in ternary cerium oxides. In comparison with simulations, the experimental dependence of the conductivity on the dopant fraction reveals that migration barriers for oxygen vacancy jumps around Lu ions are slightly higher than for jumps in pure ceria. The absolute conductivity is small due to the strong trapping of oxygen vacancies near Lu dopants.
Bedeutung einer Gewichtszunahme im normalen Gewichtsbereich für die Entwicklung der Insulinresistenz

Durch zunehmende Adipositas steigt die Pravalenz der assoziierten Erkrankungen, vor allem des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2. Pathophysiologisch spielt die Insulinresistenz eine entscheidende Rolle fur die Manifestation des Diabetes. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde erstmals nachgewiesen, dass die Insulinresistenz bereits bei Normalgewichtigen mit zunehmendem Korpergewicht beginnt und die daraus resultierende Hyperinsulinamie durch die Reduktion der hepatischen Clearance bedingt ist.
Predicting Antibody Developability Profiles Through Early Stage Discovery Screening

ABSTRACT Monoclonal antibodies play an increasingly important role for the development of new drugs across multiple therapy areas. The term ‘developability’ encompasses the feasibility of molecules to successfully progress from discovery to development via evaluation of their physicochemical properties. These properties include the tendency for self-interaction and aggregation, thermal stability, colloidal stability, and optimization of their properties through sequence engineering. Selection of the best antibody molecule based on biological function, efficacy, safety, and developability allows for a streamlined and successful CMC phase. An efficient and practical high-throughput developability workflow (100 s-1,000 s of molecules) implemented during early antibody generation and screening is crucial to select the best lead candidates. This involves careful assessment of critical developability parameters, combined with binding affinity and biological properties evaluation using small amounts of purified material (<1 mg), as well as an efficient data management and database system. Herein, a panel of 152 various human or humanized monoclonal antibodies was analyzed in biophysical property assays. Correlations between assays for different sets of properties were established. We demonstrated in two case studies that physicochemical properties and key assay endpoints correlate with key downstream process parameters. The workflow allows the elimination of antibodies with suboptimal properties and a rank ordering of molecules for further evaluation early in the candidate selection process. This enables any further engineering for problematic sequence attributes without affecting program timelines.
Plasma metanephrins are associated with myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension.

PURPOSE To explore the association between the sympathetic system activity and myocardial hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS A total of 84 essential hypertension inpatients were recruited from China-Japan Friendship Hospital between January 2019 and September 2019. Activity of sympathetic system was quantified by plasma metanephrines (MNs) levels. All subjects received an echocardiographic test. RESULTS The interventricular septum thickness (diastolic), left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index increased significantly with plasma MNs quartiles, and plasma MNs were positively and significantly correlated with early diastolic transmitral flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity. CONCLUSIONS In patients with essential hypertension, high level of plasma MNs associates with left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic function.
Individual risk factors associated with exertional heat illness: A systematic review

What is the topic of this review? Exertional heat illness (EHI) remains a persistent problem for athletes and individuals. This threat remains despite numerous athletic position statements and occupational guidance policies. This review explores primary evidence that demonstrates a direct association between ‘known’ risk factors and EHI. What advances does it highlight? Primary evidence to support ‘known’ risk factors associated with EHI is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it is not evident that single individual factors predispose individuals to greater risk. In fact, the evidence indicates that EHI can manifest in non‐hostile compensable environments when a combination of risk factors is prevalent.
Therapeutic Effects of Anti–Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Activin Membrane‐Bound Inhibitor Treatment in Psoriasis and Arthritis

The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) inhibitor BAMBI (bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane‐bound inhibitor) has been shown to control differentiation of CD4+ T lymphocytes into either tolerogenic Treg cells or pathogenic Th17 cells, through the regulation of TGFβ and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) signaling strength. The present study was undertaken to explore the potential beneficial effects of this strategy of pharmacologic inhibition using novel anti‐BAMBI monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in different experimental murine models of chronic skin and joint inflammatory/autoimmune disease.
The role of B cells in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

There is ongoing debate on how B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The success of B‐cell targeting therapies in MS highlighted the role of B cells, particularly the antibody‐independent functions of these cells such as antigen presentation to T cells and modulation of the function of T cells and myeloid cells by secreting pathogenic and/or protective cytokines in the central nervous system. Here, we discuss the role of different antibody‐dependent and antibody‐independent functions of B cells in MS disease activity and progression proposing new therapeutic strategies for the optimization of B‐cell targeting treatments.
Adolescent or Advanced Age Pregnancy: What About Quality of Life?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of age and other socio-demographic factors that may be associated with poor health status during pregnancy. Methods: Of a total of 300 pregnant women included in the study, 100 were adolescents (≤19 years), 100 were average-aged (20 to 34 years), and 100 were of advanced age (≥35 years). After obtaining sociodemographic and obstetric information in a face-to-face interview, the women completed the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. The SF-36 scores were compared between groups. Results: It was determined that the quality of life (QoL) scores in pregnancy were generally lower when compared to non-pregnant women. All of the QoL subscores were found to be significantly higher in the average-aged group (p=0.000). The physical component summary (PCS) scores were found to be lowest in the advanced-age group, and the mental component summary (MCS) scores were lowest in the adolescent group (p=0.000). Except for the PCS, which was higher in the adolescent group, no statistically significant difference in the other subscores was found between the adolescent and advanced age groups (p=0.000). According to multivariable regression analysis, age, unplanned pregnancy, lack of sharing problems with spouse/relatives, and uneasiness within the family were found to be associated with poorer PCS and MCS scores. Conclusion: Both healthcare professionals and the individuals closest to pregnant women need to be aware of the importance of both physical and mental factors in maternal well-being, especially in adolescent and advanced-age groups.
Leukocytapheresis for patients with acute myeloid leukemia presenting with hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis: a contemporary appraisal of outcomes and benefits

ABSTRACT Introduction Hyperleukocytosis, defined as a total white blood cell count (WBC) >50 or more commonly >100 × 109 cells/L, is a presenting feature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in about 6–20% of cases and is associated with a higher risk of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), clinical leukostasis with end organ damage, and mortality. Areas covered In this review, authors discuss the implications of hyperleukocytosis in AML and the current understanding of cytoreductive strategies with a focus on the use of leukocytapheresis. Expert commentary Efforts to rapidly reduce peripheral myeloblasts have included the use of leukocytapheresis. Early studies demonstrated feasibility in reducing peripheral WBC and blast counts as well as clinically relevant patient outcomes which prompted its common use for many years. However, more recent data have directly challenged the previously touted reports of reduced TLS and DIC incidence as well as survival benefit, even in patients with clinical leukostasis. The use of leukocytapheresis remains highly controversial with wide practice variations among physicians, institutions, and countries given the lack of high-quality data, risks associated with leukocytapheresis itself, associated high costs, resource utilization, and lack of evidence-based clinical guidelines.
Compression and Ordering of Microgels in Monolayers Formed at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: Computer Simulation Studies.

Monolayers of polymer microgels adsorbed at the liquid interfaces were studied by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. The results demonstrated that the compressibility of the monolayers can be widely tuned by varying the cross-linking density of the microgels and their (in)compatibility with the immiscible liquids. In particular, the compression of the monolayers (increase of 2D concentration of the microgels) leads to the decrease of their lateral size. Herewith, the shape of the individual soft particles gradually changes from oblate (diluted 2D system) to nearly spherical (compressed monolayer). The polymer concentration profiles plotted along the normal to the interface reveal a non-monotonous shape with a sharp maximum at the interface. This is a consequence of the shielding effect: saturation of the interface by monomer units of the subchains is driven by minimization of unfavorable contacts between the immiscible liquids and is opposed by elasticity of the network. The decrease of the interfacial tension upon concentration (compression) of the monolayer is quantified. It has been demonstrated that the interfacial tension significantly differs if the solubility of the polymer chains of the microgel network in the liquids changes. These results nicely correlate with experimental data. The examination of the microgels' crystalline ordering in monolayers demonstrated a non-monotonous dependency on the compression degree (microgel concentration). Finally, the worsening of the solvent quality leads to the collapse of the microgels in monolayer and non-monotonous behavior of the interfacial tension.
A dynamic microbial sulfur cycle in a serpentinizing continental ophiolite.

Serpentinization is the hydration and oxidation of ultramafic rock, which occurs as oceanic lithosphere is emplaced onto continental margins (ophiolites), and along the seafloor as faulting exposes this mantle-derived material to circulating hydrothermal fluids. This process leads to distinctive fluid chemistries as molecular hydrogen (H2 ) and hydroxyl ions (OH- ) are produced and reduced carbon compounds are mobilized. Serpentinizing ophiolites also serve as a vector to transport sulfur compounds from the seafloor onto the continents. We investigated hyperalkaline, sulfur-rich, brackish groundwater in a serpentinizing continental ophiolite to elucidate the role of sulfur compounds in fueling in situ microbial activities. Here we illustrate that key sulfur-cycling taxa, including Dethiobacter, Desulfitispora, and 'Desulforudis', persist throughout this extreme environment. Biologically catalyzed redox reactions involving sulfate, sulfide, and intermediate sulfur compounds are thermodynamically favorable in the groundwater, which indicates they may be vital to sustaining life in these characteristically oxidant- and energy- limited systems. Further, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses reveal a complex network involving sulfate reduction, sulfide oxidation, and thiosulfate reactions. Our findings highlight the importance of the complete inorganic sulfur cycle in serpentinizing fluids and suggest sulfur biogeochemistry provides a key link between terrestrial serpentinizing ecosystems and their submarine heritage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Dataset for Subjective Assessment of German Text Complexity

This paper presents TextComplexityDE, a text readability assessment dataset consisting of 1000 sentences in German that taken from 23 Wikipedia articles. The corpus could be used for developing text complexity predictors and automatic German text simpliﬁcation. Text complexity predictor models have diverse applications such as choosing appropriate reading materials for people with intellectual disabilities. The dataset includes subjective assessment of different text-complexity aspects provided by German learners in level A to C. In addition, it contains manual simpliﬁcation of 250 of those sentences provided by native speakers and subjective assessment of the simpliﬁed sentences by participants from the target group.
Detecting substrate glycans of fucosyltransferases with fluorophore-conjugated fucose and methods for glycan electrophoresis

Abstract Like sialylation, fucose usually locates at the nonreducing ends of various glycans on glycoproteins and constitutes important glycan epitopes. Detecting the substrate glycans of fucosyltransferases is important for understanding how these glycan epitopes are regulated in response to different growth conditions and external stimuli. Here we report the detection of these glycans on glycoproteins as well as in their free forms via enzymatic incorporation of fluorophore-conjugated fucose using FUT2, FUT6, FUT7, FUT8 and FUT9. Specifically, we describe the detection of the substrate glycans of these enzymes on fetal bovine fetuin, recombinant H1N1 viral neuraminidase and therapeutic antibodies. The detected glycans include complex and high-mannose N-glycans. By establishing a series of precursors for the synthesis of Lewis X and sialyl Lewis X structures, we not only provide convenient electrophoresis methods for studying glycosylation but also demonstrate the substrate specificities and some kinetic features of these enzymes. Our results support the notion that fucosyltransferases are key targets for regulating the synthesis of Lewis X and sialyl Lewis X structures.
internet Adoption decisions in Small Businesses: The Impacts of a Local Web Portal

This article demonstrates the role played by the establishment of a UK village community web portal on the Internet adoption decisions of small businesses. The article reports on some of the findings of an ongoing study of this local community web portal, focusing specifically on those small businesses that had, prior to the launch of the web portal, made a decision not to adopt the Internet into their business operations. The barriers these non-adopting small businesses perceived to Internet adoption are identified, and the impacts their portal presence had on their subsequent choice of Internet adoption pathway are discussed
INDIVIDUAL SPECIES AREA RELATIONSHIP OF TROPICAL TREE SPECIES AFTER SELECTIVE LOGGING REGIMES IN TRUONG SON FOREST ENTERPRISE, QUANG BINH PROVINCE

Explaining the high diversity of tropical rain forest has been a challenge for ecologists for decades. We applied a recent technique of spatial statistics that is Individual species area relationship (ISAR) to study diversity structure of a tropical broadleaved forest based on individual species. The ISAR is combined by species area relationship and Ripley’s K to measure the expected  diversity of individual specific species in circular neighborhoods with variable radius of moving window circles around an arbitrary individual of a focal species. Data was collected from two fully mapped 2-ha plots of tropical broadleaved forest in Quang Binh province, Vietnam. Tree species with at least 30 individuals/species were analyzed. It was found that 21 of 53 species were diversity significant at probability of 0.05 in both study plots. In which, five diversity accumulators and five diversity repellers were identified in P1; 11 species were regarded to diversity accumulators in P2 at various spatial scales. Most of signatures on spatial diversity were mainly found at scales smaller than 30 m, while some were found at larger scales. Species diversity was assumed to be unaffected by tree size or species abundance. Effect of logging regimes on species diversity showed by lower number of accumulators and higher number of repellers with conventional logging (P1) than reduced impact logging (P2). Beside effect of logging regimes, the ecological processes such as dispersal limitation, species herd protection and scale separation were inferred as the main drivers regulating spatial diversity patterns of the studied forest stands.
miRNA target identification and prediction as a function of time in gene expression data

ABSTRACT The understanding of miRNA target interactions is still limited due to conflicting data and the fact that high-quality validation of targets is a time-consuming process. Faster methods like high-throughput screens and bioinformatics predictions are employed but suffer from several problems. One of these, namely the potential occurrence of downstream (i.e. secondary) effects in high-throughput screens has been only little discussed so far. However, such effects limit usage for both the identification of interactions and for the training of bioinformatics tools. In order to analyse this problem more closely, we performed time-dependent microarray screening experiments overexpressing human miR-517a-3p, and, together with published time-dependent datasets of human miR-17-5p, miR-135b and miR-124 overexpression, we analysed the dynamics of deregulated genes. We show that the number of deregulated targets increases over time, whereas seed sequence content and performance of several miRNA target prediction algorithms actually decrease over time. Bioinformatics recognition success of validated miR-17 targets was comparable to that of data gained only 12 h post-transfection. We therefore argue that the timing of microarray experiments is of critical importance for detecting direct targets with high confidence and for the usability of these data for the training of bioinformatics prediction tools.