Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting help-seeking attitudes regarding mental health services among attendance of primary health care centers in Jordan

ABSTRACT Despite the availability of effective treatment and services for mental health problems, a few members of the affected population utilize mental health services (MHS) in which many remain untreated. This study examined the factors influencing attitudes toward seeking formal MHS among attendance of primary health care centers. It was hypothesized that individuals’ cultural beliefs about mental problems and perceived level of stigma toward formal MHS would be the dominant factors affecting individuals’ attitudes toward formal MHS. A structured questionnaire was distributed to clients attending 25 primary care centers in Jordan, during the period July–September 2015 to measure the attitudes toward seeking formal mental help, cultural beliefs about mental health problems, and perceived level of Societal Stigma. Descriptive statistics and Hierarchical Regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Participants were 482 clients, 52.9% (n = 254) females, with an average age was 34.75 years (SD = 11.755 years). Sixty-six percent of the participants tend to use informal MHS as the treatment strategy for psychiatric disorders. The results of the analysis of the hierarchical regression model indicated that cultural beliefs about mental illness and perceived societal stigma were the factors most likely to affect individuals’ attitudes toward seeking formal MHS. This study highlights the importance of designing pragmatic mental health strategies to improve the use of MHS.
Etlik Piliçlerde İçme Suyuna Sarımsak (Allium sativum L.) Ekstraktı İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Serum Biyokimyasal ve İmmünolojik Parametreler Üzerine Etkisi

Bu calismanin amaci etlik piliclere icme suyuna sivi formda sarimsak (Allium sativum L.) ekstrakti ilavesinin buyume performansi, serum biyokimyasal ve immunoloik parametreler uzerine etkisini arastirmaktir. Arastirmada kontrol ve sarimsak ekstrakti (SE) uygulama grubu olmak uzere bir gunluk yasta, 384 adet karisik cinsiyette Ross 308 etlik civciv kullanilmistir. Civcivler her uygulama grubu icin 12 tekerrur (16 civciv/tekerrur) olacak deneme bolmelerine yerlestirilmistir. Sarimsak ekstrakti ilavesi yetistirme doneminin ilk iki haftasinda 1ml / lt su olacak sekilde gunluk olarak uygulanmistir. Yetistirme doneminin sonunda 35. gunluk yasta SE uygulama grubundaki piliclerin 2296.1 g ortalama canli agirlik degeri ile kontrol grubuna (2144.5 g) gore daha yuksek oldugu bulunmustur. Yemden yararlanma orani kontrol ve SE uygulama gruplari icin sirasiyla 1.64 ve 1.50 olarak saptanmistir. Yetistirme donemi sonunda, kontrol grubuyla kiyaslama yapildiginda, SE uygulama grubundaki piliclerde total kolesterol, dusuk yogunluklu lipoprotein (LDL) ve trigliserid duzeylerinde dusus, kan glukoz ve yuksek yogunluklu lipoprotein (HDL) duzeyinde artis gozlenmistir. Icme suyuna sarimsak ekstrakti ilavesi 35 gunluk yasta karaciger enzimleri ve immunoglobulin duzeyleri ile lenfosit orani bakimindan uygulama gruplari arasindan onemli farkliliklarin gorulmesine neden olmustur. Serum biyokimyasal parametrelerde gozlenen bu degisimler, sarimsak eksrakti ilavesinin etlik piliclerde karaciger hasarini azalttigi, bagisiklik duzeyini artirici yonde etki ettigini ortaya koymaktadir. Donem sonu canli agirlik degeri ve yemden yararlanma oraninda gozlenen degisimler de dikkate alindiginda, etlik pilic yetistiriciliginde sarimsak ekstraktinin performansi artirici bitkisel ekstrakt olarak onerilebilecegi sonucuna varilmistir.
ICT and Healthcare: A Closer Look at the Role of ICTs in Providing Support for Female Victims/Survivors of Domestic Violence (DV)

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to support and facilitate interactions on the Web has increased in the amount of users, communities, and organizations. Computer-Mediated Communications (CMC) is among the most frequently studied and used ICT. As a communications medium, CMC has the ability to connect geographically dispersed individuals without the constraints of time or space. CMC helps foster online communities—where individuals with similar interests and/ or experiences can come together. It is the ability to connect people that make these ICTs a valuable tool for social support. Thus, this chapter proposes the need to explore the use of ICT, specifically the role of CMC as a support medium for victims/survivors of Domestic Violence (DV), a topic germane to healthcare and the overall general well-being of females, their families, and societies at large.
Evolutionary Stalling in the Optimization of the Translation Machinery

Biological organisms are modular. Theory predicts that natural selection would steadily improve modules towards their performance optima up to the margin of effective neutrality. This classical theory may break down for populations evolving in the clonal interference regime because natural selection may focus on some modules while adaptation of others stalls. Such evolutionary stalling has not been observed and it is unclear whether it limits the power of natural selection to optimize module performance. To empirically characterize evolutionary stalling, we evolved populations of Escherichia coli with genetically perturbed translation machineries (TMs). We show that populations with different suboptimal TMs embark on statistically distinct trajectories of TM optimization. Yet, before TMs approach the margin of effective neutrality, the focus of natural selection shifts to other cellular modules, and TM optimization stalls. Our results suggest that module optimization within an organism may take much longer than suggested by classical theory.
Risk factors predicting less favorable outcomes in endoscopic lumbar discectomies.

Background Endoscopic lumbar discectomy was among the first minimally invasive spine procedures commonly performed. As such, all the benefits of minimal invasion were seen, including less pain, less soft tissue destruction, and faster recovery. While outcomes compare favorably to micro and open discectomy, not all patients fare equally well. This paper examines independent risk factors to assess their correlation to suboptimal outcomes after endoscopic lumbar discectomy. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes of 55 consecutive patients treated with endoscopic discectomy between June 2018 and March 2019 by the author. Primary outcome measures were postoperative reductions of visual analog score (VAS) for back and leg pain modified MacNab criteria as well as time to narcotic independence. Risk factors examined included smoking, facet disease, adjacent segments disc degeneration, obesity, alcohol abuse, and psychiatric illness. Results There were 31 males and 24 females with a mean age of 41.76±12.53. Most patients suffered from contained herniations (49.1%) followed by extruded herniations (18.2%). Follow-up ranged from 6-18 months. The most common surgical levels were L5-S1 level (30.9%), L4-S1 (29.1%), and L4-5 (25.5%). The mean return to work (RTW) was 23.83±26.01 weeks. The average body mass index (BMI) was 29.11±4.75. The average time for narcotic independence was 9.64±7.29 days. MacNab outcomes showed that 47.3% (26/55) had excellent, 36.4% good (20/55), 12.7% fair (7/55), and 3.6% had poor (2/55), respectively. The VAS scores for the back (7.69 to 2.65) and leg (6.78 to 2.65) pain reduced significantly (P<0.0001). Smoking (P=0.048), psychiatric disease (P=0.029), disc herniations larger than 10 mm, facet disease, obesity (BMI >30), diabetes, and alcohol abuse was associated with fair and poor MacNab outcomes. Conclusions Endoscopic lumbar discectomy safely and reliably reduces axial pain and radiculopathy from lumbar disc herniations. Risk factors associated with incomplete pain relief are large herniations, obesity, instability, smoking, advanced facet degeneration, and decreased ability to cope with the surgery.
p38 MAPK Inhibitor Administration Provides Protection against Acute Lung Injury in Rats with Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Via Downregulating Interlukin-6 Expression

Background: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (II/R) can lead to indirect lung injury. Previous studies have shown that p38 kinase may be involved in acute lung injury (ALI). However, the exact role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and possible mechanisms in lungs are unknown and no specific treatment exists for II/R-induced ALI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective role of p38 MAPK inhibition in the regulation of the inflammatory response to ALI induced by II/R in rats.Methods: II/R was induced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and coeliac artery (CA) for 40 minutes and subsequent reperfusion for 0, 8, 16, 24 hours. SB239063, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, was injected (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 60 minutes before the operation. The severity of ALI was measured by histology analysis (hematoxylin-eosin [HE] staining and ALI scoring) and lung edema (lung wet/dry weight ratio). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot (WB), and immunofluorescent staining were employed to assess expression and location of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and p38 MAPK, respectively.Results: ALI including lung edema, alveolar collapse, hemorrhage, exudation and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lungs was induced by II/R and expression levels of IL-6 and p38 MAPK protein in the lung tissues were significantly increased at 8 and 16 hours after reperfusion, respectively compared with that in the sham group. SB239063 administration significantly down-regulated p38 MAPK and IL-6 concentration in the lung specimens, therefore, protected effectively lung tissues from injury after II/R.Conclusions: These findings indicated that p38 MAPK inhibition may downregulate the expression of IL-6 to protect lung from ALI induced by II/R, which could be used as a potential target for the prevention or treatment of ALI caused by II/R. Citation: Liu-Lin Xiong, Yun-Xia Zuo, Chao-Zhi Luo, Jie Yu, Qing-Jie Xia, Fei-Fei Xu, et al. p38 MAPK inhibitor administration provides protection against acute lung injury in rats with intestinal ischemia reperfusion via downregulating interlukin-6 expression. J Anesth Perioper Med 2016; 3: 27-34. doi: 10.24015/JAPM.2016. 0004This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
An investigation of chemoresistance of liver cancers using the comet assay and isolated organ perfusion systems

Current approaches to selecting new chemotherapies are inadequate. In vitro tissue culture models ignore the tumour microenviroment whilst murine models do not mimic human cancers. The aim of this thesis was to develop an isolated, perfused and oxygenated human liver tumour model to investigate the short term effects of chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of liver cancer. Expression of drug resistance transporter proteins was evaluated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cell lines and did not correlate with drug resistance. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), when present, failed to demonstrate significant function. The comet assay demonstrated tumour DNA damage with chemotherapy and DNA-adduct repair with cisplatin. An orthotopic model of human liver cancer in nude mice evaluated the topographic distribution of cisplatin DNA-adducts by the comet assay in vivo. This was correlated with the presence of tumour proliferation, hypoxia, vascularity and P-gp expression determined by immunohistochemistry. Rates of repair of DNA-adducts were both quantitatively and qualitatively different from in vitro data, and superficial tumour cells were more efficient at repair in comparison with deep cells. An isolated, dual perfused liver cancer model was then developed in both the rat and human. In both models livers remained viable whilst on the perfusion circuit. Differences were observed in the timing of maximal DNA damage between drugs, and DNA damage was dose dependent. Chemotherapy induced greater tumour DNA damage in superficial as compared to deep portions of the cancers. This thesis has investigated the chemoresistance of liver cancers and developed a unique methodology for investigating human liver cancers using an ex vivo perfusion model. New insight into early DNA damage with chemotherapy has been demonstrated but more importantly the scientific basis established for a new approach to refining conventional therapies or evaluating new biological cancer therapies.
Ambient dose measurement from high natural background radiation (HNBR) in Botteng Utara Village, Mamuju-Indonesia

The terrestrial environment is one of the contributors to natural background radiation. Mamuju Regency, located in the Province of West Sulawesi Indonesia is known as the high natural background radiation (HNBR) area due to its high terrestrial exposure. Botteng Utara Village is one of the areas with dose rates up to 5 mSv/y in Mamuju district. For this reason, measurements were taken to determine the ambient dose received by society. In situ measurements were carried out in Botteng Utara Village using 70 OSL (Type EX-OSLD Environment) installed in 70 houses. The selection of houses is made with various types of building materials, randomly selected from 10 hamlets with each of 7 houses per sub-village. Measurements were done for ± two months from February 20, 2019 to April 12, 2019. The range of ambient dose achieved by measurement was from 51 up to 176 mRem/h. Further investigation using a larger sample number and longer time should be performed to validate this study’s results. This result will serve as a baseline for further research regarding the possibility of radiation effects on the society in Botteng Utara Village in Mamuju district.
Estudio de cohortes, multicéntrico, sobre 266 implantes osteointegrados Bränemark tras 5 años de función.

En un estudio de cohortes multicentrico sobre una serie de 266 fijaciones de implantes osteointegrados Branemarl, 128 en el maxilar superior y 138 en el interior, tras sesenta meses de funcionamiento se han encontrado que globalmente el numero de fijaciones fracasadas fueron 18 sobre 266 (6,77%); 10 de un total de 128 (7,81%) ocurrieron en el maxilar superior y 8 de 138 (5,8%) en el maxilar inferior. En relacion a la estabilidad continua de las protesis, en el maxilar superior en un caso fracaso la protesis (2,27%) y no hubo fracasos en el interior.
Chronic kidney disease and emotional-behavioral disorders in adolescents

Submitted September 29, 2019. Accepted December 16, 2019. Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive renal injury with inevitable functional deterioration. This functional loss is usually slow, progressive, and irreversible. Chronic kidney disease profoundly influences the daily routines of pediatric patients and their families, requiring significant psychosocial adaptation by both patients and families. Objective To assess for potential associations between CKD and emotional/behavioral disorders in adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was done at the Pediatric Nephrology Outpatient Department, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java. The consecutive sampling included all patients who fulfilled the following criteria: (1) aged 10-18 years, (2) diagnosed with CKD at least 3 months prior to the study, and (3) whose parents provided informed consent. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess emotional/behavioral disorders. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records and interviews with parents. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used in the statistical analyses. Results A total of 75 subjects with CKD participated in the study. The majority of the subjects were female (53%) and <14 years old (55%). Emotional/behavioral disorders were found in 24 subjects (32%). There were no significant correlations between age, gender, paternal and maternal education level, duration of illness, or treatment with emotional/behavioral problems. However, later stage of CKD was significantly associated with prosocial problems, based on the SDQ assessment. Conclusion Late stage CKD is significantly associated with prosocial problems of the SDQ scales. [Paediatr Indones. 2019;59:325-30; doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.14238/pi59.6. 2019.325-30].
Street-Level Bureaucrats’ Attitude toward Clients: A Study of Work Group Influence in the Dutch and Belgian Tax Administration

Abstract Classic street-level bureaucracy literature has suggested that individual bureaucrats are shaped by their work group. Work group colleagues can impact how bureaucrats perceive clients and how they behave toward them. Building on theories of work group socialization, social representation, and social identification, we investigate if and how the attitude of individual street-level bureaucrats toward clients is shaped by the client-attitude of the bureaucrat’s work group colleagues. We also test whether this relation is dependent on conditions of attitudinal homogeneity and perceived cohesion of the work group. Results of a survey among street-level bureaucrats in the Dutch and Belgian tax administration (1245 respondents from 210 work groups) suggest that different mechanisms underlie the work group’s impact on the individual street-level bureaucrat in this specific attitude. The analysis furthermore reveals that work groups have a limited impact on the individual’s client-attitude. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Automated Identification of Crop Tree Crowns from UAV Multispectral Imagery by Means of Morphological Image Analysis

Within the context of precision agriculture, goods insurance, public subsidies, fire damage assessment, etc., accurate knowledge about the plant population in crops represents valuable information. In this regard, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has proliferated as an alternative to traditional plant counting methods, which are laborious, time demanding and prone to human error. Hence, a methodology for the automated detection, geolocation and counting of crop trees in intensive cultivation orchards from high resolution multispectral images, acquired by UAV-based aerial imaging, is proposed. After image acquisition, the captures are processed by means of photogrammetry to yield a 3D point cloud-based representation of the study plot. To exploit the elevation information contained in it and eventually identify the plants, the cloud is deterministically interpolated, and subsequently transformed into a greyscale image. This image is processed, by using mathematical morphology techniques, in such a way that the absolute height of the trees with respect to their local surroundings is exploited to segment the tree pixel-regions, by global statistical thresholding binarization. This approach makes the segmentation process robust against surfaces with elevation variations of any magnitude, or to possible distracting artefacts with heights lower than expected. Finally, the segmented image is analysed by means of an ad-hoc moment representation-based algorithm to estimate the location of the trees. The methodology was tested in an intensive olive orchard of 17.5 ha, with a population of 3919 trees. Because of the plot’s plant density and tree spacing pattern, typical of intensive plantations, many occurrences of intra-row tree aggregations were observed, increasing the complexity of the scenario under study. Notwithstanding, it was achieved a precision of 99.92%, a sensibility of 99.67% and an F-score of 99.75%, thus correctly identifying and geolocating 3906 plants. The generated 3D point cloud reported root-mean square errors (RMSE) in the X, Y and Z directions of 0.73 m, 0.39 m and 1.20 m, respectively. These results support the viability and robustness of this methodology as a phenotyping solution for the automated plant counting and geolocation in olive orchards.
PSVIII-10 Effects of early intervention by fecal microbiota transplantation combined probiotics on the growth performance, intestinal barrier and immunity function, and gut microbiota in sucking piglets

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of early gut colonization by fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics intervention on growth performance, immunity function, and gut health of piglets. A total of 121 pregnant sows were divided into 6 groups with average parity of 3.66 ± 1.34. After delivery, piglets of group AB were treated with antibiotics at age of 3-day. Piglets of group CON were gavaged with PBS. The remaining four treatment groups, FMT, FMT+C, FMT+S, and FMT+C+S, the piglets were gavaged with fecal suspension, fecal suspension with C. butyricum, fecal suspension with S. boulardii, and fecal suspension with C. butyricum and S.boulardii, respectively, with the frequency of once daily in the first 3 days. All the piglets were weaned at age of 21 day. The individual body weight of piglets were weighed weekly, blood samples and fecal samples were collected weekly. At the end of study, the ADG and diarrhea rate were caculated. FMT+C+S and FMT could increased piglets 21-day-old weight (P < 0.01), and FMT+C+S could increased ADG (P < 0.05) and decreased diarrhea rate (P < 0.05). Early antibiotics exposure for health care has no positive effect on growth performance and diarrhea. FMT, FMT+S and FMT+C+S improved fecal sIgA and plasma IgG of 14-day-old piglets (P < 0.05). FMT+C+S decreased the concentration of plasma DAO and D-LA, and increased fecal MUC2 content, so that the intestinal barrier was enhanced. The early intervention of FMT combined with C. butyricum and S. boulardii reduced the abundance of E. coli, and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. In addition, it also increases the production of intestinal short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, these data indicated that early intervention with FMT combined C. butyricum and S. boulardii could improve the growth performance, immune responses, and gut function of sucking piglets.
Knowledge about the Health Behavior and Disease of Women Undergoing Treatment for Breast Cancer

Background. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in Poland and in the world. The state of knowledge of health behavior among women is inadequate and requires continuous awareness-raising campaigns on a large scale. Objectives. Assessment of women‘s knowledge of health behavior and disease after breast cancer surgery. Material and Methods. The study included 100 patients aged 32–80 years (median 56 years) who underwent breast cancer surgery at the Oncology Center in Bydgoszcz in 2014. The respondents were divided into two groups: 68 women had mastectomy while 32 patients underwent conservative surgery. Surveys related to the state of their knowledge have been carried out during the early period after surgery. Results. There were no differences in the groups with respect to age, place of residence, marital status, education, current activities and fertility rates. In both groups, women named similar factors determining good health. Piel. Zdr. Publ. 2016, 6, 2, 119–126 DOI: 10.17219/pzp/61708 PRACE ORYGINALNE © Copyright by Wroclaw Medical University