Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Glucose on the Fruiting Body Formation and Adenosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate Levels in Coprinus macrorhizus

The formation of fruiting bodies in the monokaryotic fisc strain and a dikaryon of Coprinus macrorhizus was inhibited by growth in high-glucose media. In high-glucose media the characteristic burst of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation during fruiting-body formation was absent. Enzymatic activity assays revealed that mycelia grown in high-glucose media contained relatively lower amounts of adenylate cyclase and cAMP-phosphodiesterase than mycelia grown in low-glucose media. The synthesis of inducible d-serine deaminase and tryptophanase was repressed in high-glucose media. A mutant (gluR) in which the glucose repression of fruiting-body formation is affected was isolated by selection in high-glucose media. The mutation caused the cAMP levels to be no longer affected by glucose and affected ability to synthesize the inducible d-serine deaminase and tryptophanase. The gluR mutant was partially dominant in dikaryons. It is suggested that cAMP may play important roles in inducing fruiting bodies and in controlling inducible enzyme synthesis in C. macrorhizus.
NON-MARKET FAILURE: THE ROLE OF PUBLIC SCIENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GENERIC TECHNOLOGY

Public intervention in the coordination of R&D is justified by the need to correct some failure of the market to ensure adequate incentives for private investment in R&D. We propose, however, that much R&D is undertaken not on the market, but in firms, networks or government, and that the market failure argument fails to address this non-market dimension of R&D. We introduce the notion of non-market failure and argue that misinterpreting non-market failure as market failure may create excessive emphasis on appropriation, thus undermining the efficiency of non-market based exchanges of knowledge that play a crucial role in technological progress.
Weight gain after orthotopic liver transplantation: Is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cirrhosis a risk factor for greater weight gain?

Posttransplant weight gain is common after orthotopic liver transplantation. We sought to determine the extent of weight gain at 5 years after transplantation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cirrhosis versus patients with other types of cirrhosis (non‐NAFLD). We studied 126 liver transplants performed between 2005 and 2007 at Saint Luc Hospital, University of Montreal. Seventeen of the 126 patients (13.5%) had NAFLD cirrhosis. Ascites volume was difficult to assess, so we used the body mass index (BMI) at 3 months as the reference BMI. All patients gained weight after transplantation, but BMI increased significantly more and earlier among the NAFLD patients [4.8 versus 1.5 kg/m2 at 1 year (P = 0.001), 5.0 versus 2.3 kg/m2 at 2 years (P = 0.01), and 5.6 versus 2.6 kg/m2 at 5 years (P = 0.009)] in comparison with non‐NAFLD patients in unadjusted analyses. The greatest BMI increase over time was investigated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The BMI increase was divided into tertiles for each period of time observed. The greatest BMI increase over time was defined as the top tertile of BMI increase. After adjustments for potential confounders (ie, total cholesterol, diabetes, and length of hospital stay), NAFLD was no longer associated with a risk of a greater BMI increase [odds ratio (OR) = 3.73 at 1 year (P = 0.11), OR = 2.15 at 2 years (P = 0.34), and OR = 2.87 at 5 years (P = 0.30)]. These findings suggest the need for multidisciplinary, early, and close weight monitoring for all patients. All patients could benefit from pretransplant counseling regarding weight gain and its consequences. Liver Transpl 20:1266‐1274, 2014. © 2014 AASLD.
Impacts of temporary traffic control measures on vehicular emissions during the Asian Games in Guangzhou, China

To guarantee good traffic and air quality during the 16th Asian Games in Guangzhou, China, the government carried out two traffic control Drills before the Games and adopted traffic control measures during the Games. Vehicle activities before and during the first and second Drills, and during the Games, were surveyed. Based on the data under investigation, the impacts of control measures on traffic volumes and driving characteristics were analyzed during the first and second Drills, and the Games. The emission reduction of traffic control measures was also evaluated during the three stages using the MOBILE-China model. The results show that there were significant effects of implementing temporary traffic control measures on transportation activity and vehicular emissions. During the first and second Drills, and the Games, the average traffic volumes in monitored roads decreased, and the average speed of vehicles increased significantly. The co-effects of traffic flow reduction, traffic congestion improvement, and the banning of high-emitting vehicles helped to greatly reduce the estimated emissions from motor vehicles in Guangzhou during the first and second Drills, and the Games. Estimated vehicular emissions were reduced by 38∼52% during the first Drill and 28∼36% for the second Drill. During the Asian Games, vehicular emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10) reduced by an estimated 42%, 46%, 26%, and 30%, respectively, compared with those before the Games. Both the banning of high-emitting vehicles and the travel restrictions imposed by use of odd-even licenses had significant effects on the reduction of vehicular emissions of CO, HC, NOx, and PM10. Implications: Motor vehicles have become the most prevalent source of emissions and subsequently air pollution within Chinese cities. Understanding the impacts that different control measures have on vehicular emissions is very important in order to be able to control vehicle emissions. The results of this study will be very helpful for the further control of vehicle emissions in Guangzhou in the future. In addition, the effects of temporary transportation control measures will provide important awareness to other cities that will be hosting large-scale activities similar to the Asian Games.
Telomelysin shows potent antitumor activity through apoptotic and non‐apoptotic cell death in soft tissue sarcoma cells

This study investigated the pathway underlying the antitumor activity of telomelysin, a telomerase‐dependent, replication‐selective oncolytic adenovirus, in soft tissue sarcoma cells. Treatment with telomelysin alone resulted in simultaneous induction of apoptosis and autophagy, whereas cotreatment with telomelysin and 3‐methyladenine significantly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis and the cellular ATP level compared to treatment with telomelysin alone, indicating that telomelysin‐mediated autophagy is a death‐protective but not death‐promoting process. Cotreatment with Z‐Val‐Ala‐Asp‐CH2F significantly increased cellular ATP depletion compared to telomelysin‐alone treatment while inhibiting telomelysin‐induced apoptosis and having no significant effect on cell viability, indicating that it promotes transition from apoptotic to necrotic cell death.
A Study of Retail Consumer Store Choice Behaviour

This theoretical paper develops a series of models applying social identify theory to the retail content. The shopper is conceived of as an 'actor' whose self-image and related identities impact store image perceptions. The paper address how identify conflicts are likely to be resolved by a shopper and takes into account the 'ideal' and 'actual' selves. Suggestions are provided as to how retailers could employ 'symbolic cues' to address different operating identities.
Characterization of the FNR protein of Escherichia coli, an iron-binding transcriptional regulator

FNR is a transcriptional regulator mediating the activation or repression of a variety of Escherichia coli genes in response to anoxia. The FNR protein resembles CRP (the cyclic-AMP receptor protein) except for the presence of a cysteine-rich N-terminal segment which may form part of an iron-binding redox-sensing domain. The FNR protein was purified by a new procedure. It was monomeric (Mr = 30000) and contained as much as 1.1 mol of iron per monomer when purified in the presence of added iron. This iron was associated with cysteine residues, because there was an inverse relation between iron content and titratable sulphydryl groups. Other physical and chemical properties are reported including evidence for a potential disulphide group or analogous modification. The interaction between FNR protein and target DNA appeared weak and non-specific in gel-retardation assays, but specific binding to the proposed DNA-binding site was shown for the first time in footprinting studies. A role for iron in FNR-mediated gene expression was confirmed by using cultures in which FNR was inactivated by growth in the presence of the specific chelator, ferrozine, but protected by ferrous iron.
Modeling the quality of external audit : empirical validation in the Tunisian context

Spectacular falls recognized in the business World starting from example of Enron, WorldCom in the United States; Telecom, Universal Vivendi in France, Batam in Tunisia testifies the insufficiency, if not the misuse of measures criteria. These observations show the need for a revision of the rules of estimate of the quality of external audit. It is in this wake, the objective of our study consists in developing a measurement scale of theoretical construct "quality of external audit". We have administered a questionnaire with 100 Tunisian auditors. The results confirm the new research approach focuses on the audit process to measure the quality of external audit. Regarding the input of audit remains necessary but insufficient indicator to measuring the quality of external audit. The study has several contributions: Empirically, we applied the methods of structural equation modeling to measure the quality of external audit, using a PLS approach. Theoretically, we extended the literature with a study conducted in the context of an emerging country such as Tunisia.
ACCOUNTING SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN ISLAMIC BANKS

This research aims to find out how to apply social accounting responsibility of Jordanian Islamic banks by focusing on the relationship between these banks and the beneficiaries: shareholders, customers, competitors, employees, government and society in general. It also aims to know whether the Jordanian Islamic banks measure the costs and social benefits. This study has adopted the descriptive method and analytical inductive approach to test the hypotheses. The study has revealed that the Jordan Islamic Bank provides quantitative social costs by clarifying the financial funds spent on conferences, seminars, research, professional training, donations, interest-free loans, Insurance Exchange Fund, Decent Housing for Decent Living and Jordanian Teachers' Union. However, the same bank does not provide social benefits in quantitative terms while the International Islamic Arab Bank provides a descriptive statement but does not provide quantitative social costs.
A new force-plate technology measure of dynamic postural stability: the dynamic postural stability index.

CONTEXT New measures of dynamic postural stability are needed to address weaknesses of previous measures. OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility, reliability, and precision of a new measure of dynamic postural stability. DESIGN A single within-subjects design was used to determine optimal sampling interval as well as intersession reliability. SETTING Biomechanics laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Eighteen subjects (7 men [age = 22 +/- 3 years, height = 175 +/- 5 cm, mass = 75 +/- 16 kg] and 11 women [age = 23 +/- 2 years, height = 163 +/- 6 cm, mass = 68 +/- 13 kg]) without lower extremity impairment. INTERVENTION(S) A jump protocol that required subjects to perform a 2-legged jump to a height equivalent to 50% of their maximum vertical leap and land on a single leg. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI) and the directional components (medial-lateral, anterior-posterior, and vertical) after a jump landing. RESULTS We observed a significant sampling-interval main effect (F(2,51) = 26.88, P < . 01) for the DPSI; the 10-second trial duration produced significantly smaller means than the 5- and 3-second trial durations, whereas the 5-second trial result was also significantly smaller than that of the 3-second trial. The DPSI was highly reliable between test sessions (intraclass correlation coefficient = .96) and very precise (SEM = .03). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the DPSI can be used in conjunction with a functional single-leg hop stabilization test and is a reliable and precise measure of dynamic postural stability. We believe the shortest sampling interval (3 seconds) is the best choice for studying and mimicking athletic performance as closely as possible.
Before and after the technology sector crash: the effect of environmental munificence on stock market response to alliances of e‐commerce firms

We treat the sudden technology sector crash as a natural experiment to investigate how dramatic changes in resource availability in the e-commerce sector affect stock market response to interfirm alliances. This environmental jolt demarcated two distinctly different periods of e-commerce resource munificence: pre-crash, characterized by high munificence, and post-crash, characterized by low munificence. Using data on alliances involving 75 e-commerce firms from 1995 to 2001, we find that the stock market responds more favorably to alliances during the less munificent period. Further, stock market response to alliance partner and type is also affected by the change in environmental munificence between the two periods. Our findings demonstrate the importance of environmental conditions and how these affect stock market interpretation of signals inherent in alliance announcements. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Narrowband vegetation indexes and detection of disease damage in soybeans

A portable narrowband spectroradiometer was used to detect sclerotinia stem rot infection, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybeans. Increasing levels of fungal inoculum were used to cause a gradient of disease infection in the field. Canopy reflectance measured in narrowband R/sub 675/-R/sub 685/ and broadband R/sub 635/-R/sub 685/ could estimate 86% of the variation in soybean plants damage measured by a count of early dead plants. Plant damage was also associated with the chlorophyll absorption in reflectance and the normalized pigment chlorophyll vegetation indexes, showing a loss of chlorophyll pigment compared to healthy plants. A new field approach is suggested for the investigation of plant damage with narrowband spectroradiometry.
Optimal Planning of Microgrid applied in Remote Rural Area

With the increase in requirement of low-carbon economy and demand on power supply reliability from customers, more and more attention is being paid on distributed generations (DGs). As an effective means of integration of DGs to the power system, microgrid is being more of a concern. Microgrid integrates DGs, load, storage and control system into a single controllable unit, which can either operate in grid-connected mode or in isolated mode, thus provides a new way for remote rural electrification. There are still some remote rural areas in developing countries nowadays, to where the cost of delivering power from the grid is relatively high. Even if lines are constructed to deliver power from the grid, the power supply quality would be unacceptable due to long distance of power delivery. Microgrid that utilizes renewable energy resources (RES) would be a promising solution for power supply problem of these areas. The main object of this paper is to develop an optimal unit sizing methodology for remote autonomous microgrid with multiple energy sources. In order to truly reflect the value of RES, both economical and environmental objectives are considered in the optimization model in this paper. By deducting environmental benefit of RES DGs from their high initial capital cost, competitiveness of RES DGs can be greatly improved. Differing from conventional power system planning, microgrid planning should consider operation and control problem because control strategy of microgrid has a great impact on the energy contribution of different DGs. An energy dispatching strategy aiming to maximize the utilization of RES and fuel saving is proposed in the paper, and hourly simulation of one year is performed in the planning process. Case study results show that considering the environmental benefit of RES DGs will increase the proportion of wind turbine and PV with a considerable increase of environmental benefit. Although there is a slight increase in the annual total cost compared with the planning result without considering environmental benefit, the true value of RES can be better reflected. The impact of diesel fuel price and average wind speed on unit sizing of microgrid is also investigated. Results show that the increase of diesel fuel price and average wind speed leads to a decrease of proportion of diesel generator in microgrid and increase of contribution of wind and PV generation. For remote areas with a relatively high cost of diesel fuel transportation and abundant renewable energy resource, the value of microgrid utilizing renewable resources can be even raised.
Ocular Tissue Permeabilities

Pharmacokinetics describes the absorption, metabolism, and elimination of a drug in a tissue, thereby offering a prediction of biologic effect. Pharmacokinetic models and the empirical parameters that govern these models offer a guide to logical drug therapy and design. In the setting of the eye, pharmacokinetics describes the diffusion across the cornea, conjunctiva, and sclera and within intraocular tissues. Additional important pharmacokinetic considerations are exposure to metabolizing enzymes, binding to proteins within the eye, and elimination of drug through blood and aqueous outflow. Because ocular drug metabolism and elimination rate constants are greater than those governing absorption, the relative permeability of component tissues become the important element to the determination of drug penetration to cellular targets and biologic effect. An understanding of these permeability properties of ocular tissues provides a valuable appreciation of the clinical potential and limitations of current and novel ophthalmic therapies.
Community Nonprofit Organizations and Service-Learning: Resource Constraints to Building Partnerships with Universities.

Fall 2005, pp.32-40 Articles on service-learning champion its potential to create a win-win-win situation for the university, students, and community; however, substantial scholarly attention to pedagogical benefits for students and universities contrasts with limited research assessing community partner perspectives. This study presents findings on nonprofit organizations participating in service-learning projects as part of a grad- uate nonprofit management course during 2000-2003. Data indicate resource constraints of community nonprofits lead them to place a high premium on opportunity costs of staff time devoted to service-learn- ing. Because transactional relationships are perceived as having potentially low economic risk (oppor- tunity cost of staff time) and yielding high benefits, they are nonprofits' preferred type of relationship with universities. For universities to engage in more complex relationships, nonprofits' resource constraints must be overcome.
The Limits of Counter-cyclical Bank Regulation: Managing the Credit Booms in Central and Eastern Europe after EU Accession

The extent to which banking sector regulators should employ counter- cyclical measures has emerged as an important debate in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis. Yet, is counter-cyclical banking regulation compatible with a supranational framework of banking supervision in the European Union (EU)? The protracted negotiations of CRD IV and CRR, implementing Basel III in the European Union, have highlighted the divergence in regulatory preferences among the EU's member states about the optimal level of harmonizing banking sector regulation. Using a comparative design, this paper investigates the range of counter-cyclical policy tools such as increasing the risk weights of mortgage loans on banks' balance sheets, capping the share of foreign currency loans in banks' portfolios, and requiring higher capital adequacy ratios than internationally agreed levels used in Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, and Slovenia during the short-lived credit booms in these countries after they joined the European Union. The paper also examines whether new EU member states that are proponents of counter-cyclical regulatory tools are more hesitant to give up national discretions in order to achieve a more coherent European banking supervision framework.
Maternal hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and mild cognitive limitations in the offspring.

BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether maternal hypertensive disorders could impact cognitive development of the child. The aim of this study was to explore the association between hypertensive disorders and other maternal biological and social factors on the risk of mild cognitive limitations (intelligence quotient 50-85) in the offspring. METHODS An 11.5-year follow-up study of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 9432) was utilised. The analysis included 8847 singleton children, of whom 198 had mild cognitive limitations. Gestational hypertension was defined as de novo hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90), diagnosed mid-pregnancy in a previously normotensive woman. Data on intelligence level of the children were based on standardised intelligence test results. RESULTS Eleven per cent (n = 20) of mothers having a child with mild cognitive limitations had gestational hypertension. Maternal gestational hypertension was independently associated with increased odds of mild cognitive limitation in the offspring (odds ratio 2.4 [95% confidence interval 1.4, 3.9]). Other independent maternal risk factors for mild cognitive limitation were high pre-pregnancy body mass index (≥30 kg/m(2)), multiparity (≥4) and low education. In addition family's socio-economic status lower than professional, male gender and small birthweight-for-gestational age appeared as independent risk factors for mild cognitive limitation. CONCLUSIONS Gestational hypertension should be considered as one of the adverse early risk factors that may predispose to impaired cognitive development in childhood.
INTERNATIONAL OUTSOURCING, HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ASIA- PACIFIC COUNTRIES

The objective of this research is to explore the effect of international outsourcing on economic growth in Asia-Pacific countries. Accordingly, a panel regression model based on Soderbom and Teal (2003) is estimated using data of the considered countries over the period 1995-2006. In addition to international outsourcing, the model includes human capital, labor force and physical capital as the other exploring variables. Empirical results show that human capital has a significant and positive effect on economic growth of AsiaPacific countries. Additionally, the cross effect of international outsourcing and human capital on growth has been statistically significant. Hence, investing in human resources, skill promotion and technology improvement are the main keys of trade expansion and economic growth in the countries under consideration.