Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Somatic Embryogenesis and Chlorogenic Acid Levels of Carrot (Daucus carota cv. Nantes) Explants

Many factors may influence the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis. This capability may be differ with regard to media compositions, genotype, tissue, organ ontology and the stage of differentiation. The effects of five salicylic acid concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µM) on different stages of carrot somatic embryogenesis were studied using petiole and root secondary phloem explants as starting materials. The salicylic acid treatments were applied in two culture media; B5 and NL supplemented with 0.5 mgl 1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mgl -1 Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), respectively. The chlorogenic acid (CGA) levels produced by the explants during embryogenesis were monitored using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The results proved that petioles are superior explants over root secondary phloems with regard to somatic embryogenesis. The B5 medium also exhibited induction of greater number of embryos over NL medium. The results of the present study unequivocally suggest that, irrespective of the type of explants and media culture, SA increments beyond than 75 µM negatively affect carrot somatic embryogenesis. A considerable elevation in CGA production during embryogenesis following SA treatments was also found. Chlorogenic acid produced by cultures was coincided with the SA treatments almost as the same manner that it affects somatic embryogenesis process. Salicylic acid at the rate of 100 µM induced highest level of CGA production and as result least number of embryos was formed.
Quality changes in milk adulterated with detergent, urea, ammonium sulphate and neutralizers

Quality changes in milk adulterated with different concentrations of adulterants like urea, detergent, ammonium sulphate and neutralizers were determined using physico-chemical and microbiological quality characteristics. Addition of detergents at 0.1 to 0.9% concentrations showed an increase in the refractive index (RI). Specific gravity increased with incremental addition of detergent. Same trend was observed with total solids, total ash and pH; whereas, moisture, fat and lactose contents decreased. Microbial growth in the adulterated milk did not show much variation in the samples.
Classifying space of subcategories and its application

For a collection of subcategories satisfying a fixed set of conditions, for example thick subcategories of a triangulated category, we define a topological space called classifying space of subcategories. We show that this space classifies various prime subcategories in the sense that they bijectively correspond to the closed subsets of the classifying space. Many well-known results of subcategory classification fit into this framework. An example which cannot be classified by a topological space in the above sense is also given.
Investigations on the ecology of eurasian water vole, Arvicola amphibius (Rodentia: Mammalia) in Ankara Province.

The population dynamics of Arvicola amphibius were investigated in Ayas (Ankara, Turkey), during the period between August 2005 and July 2006. The method of capture-mark-recapture was used and 123 individuals were marked during the study. For each animal, total body length, body weight, reproductive condition, as well as features of habitat were recorded. The width of the riparian vegetation was measured by ranging from 1 to 5 m. The reproductive period lasted from March to October. In adult females, the total length varied from 306 mm to 321 mm, while in adult males, it varied from 305 mm to 326 mm, it was compared with other populations. Estimated monthly population size of the water voles ranged from 3 in January to 49 in July.
Substitutos Ósseos: conceitos gerais e estado actual

A aplicação de biomateriais remonta à pré-história, como o indicia a descoberta de crâneos com trepanações nas quais foram utilizadas placas de ouro e prata (1). Estão também descritas, há milhares de anos, a aplicação de implantes dentários e a utilização de fios de sutura. Mais recentemente, a sua divulgação sofreu um forte impulso com o aparecimento de lentes intraoculares, próteses articulares, implantes mamários, próteses valvulares e vasculares (2). No entanto, a palavra “biomaterial” como a aplicamos actualmente, só há poucos anos foi introduzida na nomenclatura médica. Na conferência de Chester, em 1991, definiu-se como um “material destinado a contactar com sistemas biológicos para avaliar, tratar, aumentar, ou substituir qualquer tecido, orgão ou função do organismo” (3). Ao ser aplicado, deve manter as suas propriedades e características estruturais, mas simultaneamente substituir a função para a qual foi criado. É também importante que permita uma boa adesão celular à sua superfície, tenha uma resistência mecânica adequada, não tenha características oncogénicas, seja hemostático, esterilizável e, por fim, que a sua produção em grandes quantidades seja fácil e com custos aceitáveis.
Environmental factors affecting smoltification and early marine survival of anadromous salmonids

An important requirement in the efficient use of artificially propagated juveniles for salmon enhancement programs is that the resulting smolts be fully prepared behaviorally and physiologically to migrate to sea and continue to grow and develop normally. In this paper,physiological criteria for identifying fully functional smolts are presented and environmental factors are identified which will influence smoltification, and thus early marine survival. Methods are describedfor optimizing time, age, and size at release, and data are presented on methods of environmental manipulation to alter smoltification to fit specific resource management needs. On the basis of our present understanding of the physiology of the parr-smolt transformation and of the influence of environmental alterations during rearing, guidelines are presented for management strategies to improve survival oj Pacific, Oncorhynchus sp. , and Atlantic salmon, Salrno salar, and anadromous (steelhead) rainbow trout,
AN INITIAL STUDY OF THE FEEDING AND EGG-LAYING PREFERENCES OF BARK DWELLING PSOCIDS (PSOCOPTERA) USING COMPOSITE BARK BLOCKS

In vitro studies on the feeding and egg-laying preferences of a selection of species of Psocoptera were undertaken. It was discovered that Loensia variegata (Latreille), Psocidae, is capable of eating alga (probably mainly Apatococcus lobatus ) and the lichen Xanthoria parietina. It did not feed on any of the crustose lichens offered to it or two other foliose lichens. A sample of bare bark showed signs of having been eaten. Eggs were laid primarily on foliose lichens ( Parmelia sulcata and Melanelia subaurifera ) but also on one of the crustose lichens ( Cliostomum griffithii ). Trichadenotecnum sexpunctatum (L.), Psocidae, fed upon alga (probably mainly Apatococcus lobatus ), the crustose lichen Cliostomum griffithii and the foliose lichens Parmelia sulcata and Xanthoria parietina . No eggs were laid. Pteroxanium kelloggi (Ribaga), Lepisopscocidae, was only found to eat alga (probably mainly Apatococcus lobatus ). No eggs were laid. Result of the study using Reuterella helvimacula (Enderlein), Elipsocidae, was inconclusive.
Identification of protein kinase SNF1 in CitEST

SnRKs (Sucrose non-fermenting-1 related kinases) is a family of protein kinases found in many crops, such as Arabidopsis, rice, sugarcane, tomato and several other plant species. This family of proteins is also present in other organisms like Saccharomyces cerevisiae (sucrose non-fermenting-1 - Snf1) and in mammals (AMP-activated protein kinases - AMPKs). There is evidence that SnRKs play an important role in plant responses to nutritional and environmental stresses and that SnRKs also play a major role in controlling key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathways of plants. In this work, we identified 18 contigs and two singletons encoding putative SnRKs in the CitEST database. All of them present highly conserved N-terminal catalytic domain, which is found in the SnRKs families of several plant species. Through comparison with known SnRKs, we were able to classify them into three subfamilies.
Contributions of the private sector to global biodiversity protection: case study of the Fortune 500 companies

Since the inception of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992, little progress has been achieved in terms of involving the business community in protecting biological diversity worldwide. This article assesses the current activities of US Fortune 500 companies with respect to global biodiversity protection and the goals of the CBD. Data and information collected from 500 companies within eight major industrial sectors were further categorized at the company level to assess each company's involvement in global biodiversity protection. Our findings show that although companies' business profiles highly influence their decision-making process regarding the adoption of biodiversity protection policies and measures, their revenue profiles are less influential. We show that despite generating low revenues, companies in the utility sector are more active in the adoption of biodiversity protection policy than those in the financial sector, which generate high revenues. This study also demonstrates that companies must be convinced of the major effects of biodiversity loss on their bottom lines to be motivated to protect biological diversity. Companies' business and business-related risk profiles can also influence the adoption of biodiversity protection policies within the company. The study further demonstrates that a measurable biodiversity impact indicator is necessary for the companies to get seriously involved in the mitigation action. Finally, this study proposes a three-step biodiversity loss mitigation action framework that is drawn upon the assessment of the 500 companies that can contribute to develop an elaborative framework of business sector-specific mitigation plan.
Method of POS-disambiguation Using Information about Words Co-occurrence ( For Russian )

The article describes the complex method of part-of -speech disambiguation for texts in Russian. The in troduced method is based on the information concerning the syntactic co-occurrence of Russian words. The article also discusses the met hod of building such corpus. This project is partially funded by RFBR grant 10-01-00805.
Title Object tracking and matting for A class of dynamic image-basedrepresentations

Image-based rendering (IBR) is an emerging technology for photo-realistic rendering of scenes from a collection of densely sampled images and videos. Recently, an object-based approach for a class of dynamic image-based representations called plenoptic videos was proposed. This paper proposes an automatic object tracking approach using the level-set method. Our tracking method, which utilizes both local and global features of the image sequences instead of global features exploited in previous approach, can achieve better tracking results for objects, especially with non-uniform energy distribution. Due to possible segmentation errors around object boundaries, natural matting with Bayesian approach is also incorporated into our system. Furthermore, a MPEG-4 like object-based algorithm is developed for compressing the plenoptic videos, which consist of the alpha maps, depth maps and textures of the segmented image-based objects from different video plenoptic streams. Experimental results show that satisfactory renderings can be obtained by the proposed approaches.
Design and Simulation of the Internet of Things for Accra Smart City

The Internet of Things (IoT) concept of connecting objects with IP address to a network has many significant applications such as smart health, smart cities, and smart energy. This study focuses on the use of Internet of Things for smart cities and its advantages. In this paper our main goal is to model and simulate an IoT system for Accra smart city that uses smart webcams with IP address that are addressable to allow these smart webcam transmit valuable information to users. The designed smart city will address a challenge by giving live feeds on traffic situations and flooding on major routes to people. We used cisco packet tracer to model and simulate the IoT network where smart webcams can remotely transmit data packets. The results of the simulation indicates that when the smart webcam are connected in a wireless medium, they can send and receive data packets via a 6LowPAN gateway which can be access by users in the Internet. Keywords :Internet of Things, Smart City, Smart Webcam
Deep spectroscopy of nearby galaxy clusters – I. Spectroscopic luminosity function of Abell 85

We present a new deep spectroscopic catalogue for Abell 85, within 3.0 $\times$ 2.6 Mpc$^2$ and down to $M_{r} \sim M_{r}^* +6$. Using the Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope (VIMOS@VLT) and the AutoFiber 2 at the William Herschel Telescope (AF2@WHT), we obtained almost 1,430 new redshifts for galaxies with $m_r \leq 21$ mag and $\langle \mu_{e,r} \rangle \leq 24$ mag arcsec$^{-2}$. These redshifts, together with SDSS-DR6 and NED spectroscopic information, result in 460 confirmed cluster members. This dataset allows the study of the luminosity function (LF) of the cluster galaxies covering three orders of magnitudes in luminosities. The total and radial LFs are best modelled by a double Schechter function. The normalized LFs show that their bright ($M_{r} \leq -21.5$) and faint ($M_{r}\geq -18.0$) ends are independent of clustercentric distance and similar to the field LFs unlike the intermediate luminosity range ($-21.5 \leq M_{r} \leq -18.0$). Similar results are found for the LFs of the dominant types of galaxies: red, passive, virialized and early-infall members. On the contrary, the LFs of blue, star forming, non-virialized and recent-infall galaxies are well described by a single Schechter function. These populations contribute to a small fraction of the galaxy density in the innermost cluster region. However, in the outskirts of the cluster, they have similar densities to red, passive, virialized and early-infall members at the LF faint end. These results confirm a clear dependence of the colour and star formation of Abell 85 members in the cluster centric distance.
Accumulation and elimination of mercury in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under an elevated temperature and its ambient concentrations

Sunardi, Astari AJ, Pribadi TDK, Rosada KK. 2017. Accumulation and elimination of mercury in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under an elevated temperature and its ambient concentrations. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 18-22. The problems of heavy metal pollution combined with the issue of climate warming has attracted a growing international concern, particularly to those exert very toxic effects to organisms and human, e.g. mercury. There have been evidences for temperature effect on metal uptake, accumulation and toxicity; but only few of those on metal elimination. An experimental work was set up to investigate the effect of higher water temperature and ambient concentration on both accumulation and elimination of mercury in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Using 50-L aquarium, fish were exposed to room and 32oC temperature combined with 10 and 20 I¼g/kg Hg concentration. Test fish were treated for 28 days for accumulation phase, and then transferred to Hg-free water for 7 days for elimination. Data of the Hg accumulation and elimination from the flesh, liver and kidney were analyzed using one-way Anova. The results indicated that higher water temperature and ambient mercury have increased accumulation in the liver and the kidney, but not in the flesh. Higher rate of Hg elimination occurred in higher water temperature resulting Hg deposits did not differ among treatments. However, the Hg deposits remained higher compared to those in the original state representing a potential risk to either fish or human. The kidney and the liver of Nile Tilapia seemed to be the preferable depository organs for mercury.
Phosphorus dynamics during the transition from nitrogen to phosphate limitation in the central Baltic Sea

Phosphate uptake rate, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), nucleotidase activity (ATP- NA), and nutrient pool sizes were investigated in the eastern Gotland Basin from May until Septem- ber 2001 to describe the phosphorus dynamics during this period, which is characterized by the tran- sition from nitrogen to phosphate limitation and the development of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Phosphate concentrations declined from 0.1 µM in May to 0.01 µM in June. However, the decrease in phosphate was not reflected in increasing organic phosphorus pools. Its concentrations remained at a relatively constant level of 0.4 µM. Development of plankton biomass in July was based on the intracellular phosphorus pool. The ( 33 P)PO4 uptake rate and hydrolytic activities increased from very low levels in May to a maximum in July, decreasing in the following months. The development of these activities was associated with the development of heterocystous cyanobacteria. However, size fractionation showed that the ( 33 P)PO4 uptake in the fraction >10 µm accounted for only a small por- tion of the total ( 33 P)PO4 uptake rate, but for 41% of APA. Due to elevated total phosphorus concen- trations of 1.0 and 0.8 µM in the buoyant surface blooms, phosphorus dynamics were different com- pared to situations when cyanobacteria were dispersed in the euphotic zone. Depending on the parameter used, a different length of the period of phosphate limitation can be estimated. Based on ( 33 P)PO4 uptake rates and hydrolytic activities, phosphate limitation was restricted to 2 to 4 wk in July. This period is shorter than that indicated by phosphate deficiency and C:P ratios.
Model Checking Randomized Algorithms with Java PathFinder

On the one hand, probabilistic model checkers such as PRISM have been successfully employed to verify models of probabilistic systems. However, they are not suitable for checking properties such as uncaught exceptions of the actual code of the system. On the other hand, model checkers such as Java PathFinder (JPF) have been used with success to verify actual code of systems. However, they do not take into account the probabilities associated with the probabilistic choices of the systems. In this paper, we bridge the gap by extending JPF so that it takes those probabilities into account. We introduce a method to express a probabilistic choice in Java so that JPF can easily extract the probabilities of the alternatives of the probabilistic choice. By default, JPF traverses the state space using a depth-first search or a breadth-first search. We have implemented in JPF several search strategies which use the probabilities associated with the alternatives of probabilistic choices. To address the state explosion problem, we keep track of the amount of progress made by JPF.
Random walks with long-range steps generated by functions of Laplacian matrices

In this paper, we explore different Markovian random walk strategies on networks with transition probabilities between nodes defined in terms of functions of the Laplacian matrix. We generalize random walk strategies with local information in the Laplacian matrix, that describes the connections of a network, to a dynamic determined by functions of this matrix. The resulting processes are non-local allowing transitions of the random walker from one node to nodes beyond its nearest neighbors. We find that only two types of Laplacian functions are admissible with distinct behaviors for long-range steps in the infinite network limit: type (i) functions generate Brownian motions, type (ii) functions Lévy flights. For this asymptotic long-range step behavior only the lowest non-vanishing order of the Laplacian function is relevant, namely first order for type (i), and fractional order for type (ii) functions. In the first part, we discuss spectral properties of the Laplacian matrix and a series of relations that are maintained by a particular type of functions that allow to define random walks on any type of undirected connected networks. Once described general properties, we explore characteristics of random walk strategies that emerge from particular cases with functions defined in terms of exponentials, logarithms and powers of the Laplacian as well as relations of these dynamics with non-local strategies like Lévy flights and fractional transport. Finally, we analyze the global capacity of these random walk strategies to explore networks like lattices and trees and different types of random and complex networks.
High Throughput Log-Based Replication for Many Small In-Memory Objects

Online graph analytics and large-scale interactive applications such as social media networks require low-latency data access to billions of small data objects. As a consequence, more and more distributed in-memory systems are proposed allowing to keep all data always in memory. However, these systems also need fault-tolerance mechanisms to mask node failures and power outages. We propose a novel two-level logging architecture with backup-side version control combining faulttolerance with a high throughput when working with many small data objects while having a minimal memory overhead. In order to prevent unlimited growth of logs we use a highly concurrent log cleaning approach. All proposed concepts have been implemented within the DXRAM system and evaluated using the Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark and RAMCloud's Log Cleaner benchmark. The experiments show that our solution has less memory overhead and outperforms state-of-the-art inmemory systems like RAMCloud, Redis, and Aerospike, for the target application domains.
Comparison Drug Release from Simple and Layered Matrix Systems Containing Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to compare the release behavior of propranolol HCl from simple matrix and layeredtablets containing HPMC and phytowax as matrix component using direct compression technique.Method: The test of drug release was performed in distilled water during 26 hrs using a dissolution apparatus and thereafter thedissolution profile fitting to different mathematical equations was carried out using least square fitting with a nonlinear computerprogram, Scientist for Windows, version 2.1. Results: Covering both planar surfaces of drug-loaded middle layer was able to attain a more sustainable drug release than asimple matrix which composed the same amount of matrix component. Additionally, the near-zero order release could beobtained for the first system whereas the drug release from simple matrix tablet was diffusion-controlled. As the number oramount of coating layer, and amount of matrix component in middle layer were increased, the drug release was noticeablyprolonged. Drug release from layered tablets was influenced by hydrodynamic force and incorporated diluents.Conclusion: Effective near-zero order controlled release of hydrophilic drug was obtained from three-layered matrix tabletscomprising HPMC as main matrix component. Modulation of drug release could be conducted by addition or increasing amountof water soluble substances into the matrix component of three-layered tablets.Key words: drug release, comparison, simple layered-matrix, layered-matrix, hydroxypropyl methylcelluloseThai Pharm Health Sci J 2008;3(2):219-228§