Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Proteomics Using Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture Reveals Changes in the Cytoplasmic, Nuclear, and Nucleolar Proteomes in Vero Cells Infected with the Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus*

Virus-host interactions involve complex interplay between viral and host factors, rendering them an ideal target for proteomic analysis. Here we detail a high throughput quantitative proteomics analysis of Vero cells infected with the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a positive strand RNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) was used in conjunction with LC-MS/MS to identify and quantify 1830 cellular and two viral proteins from IBV-infected cells. Fractionation of cells into cytoplasmic, nuclear, and nucleolar extracts was used to reduce sample complexity and provide information on the trafficking of proteins between the different compartments. Each fraction showed a proportion of proteins exhibiting ≥2-fold changes in abundance. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that proteins that changed in response to infection could be grouped into different functional categories. These included proteins regulated by NF-κB- and AP-1-dependent pathways and proteins involved in the cytoskeleton and molecular motors. A luciferase-based reporter gene assay was used to validate the up-regulation of AP-1- and NF-κB-dependent transcription in IBV-infected cells and confirmed using immunofluorescence. Immunofluorescence was used to validate changes in the subcellular localization of vimentin and myosin VI in IBV-infected cells. The proteomics analysis also confirmed the presence of the viral nucleocapsid protein as localizing in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and nucleolus and the viral membrane protein in the cytoplasmic fraction. This research is the first application of SILAC to study total host cell proteome changes in response to positive sense RNA virus infection and illustrates the versatility of this technique as applied to infectious disease research.
Micromechanical Analysis of Soft Tactile Sensors

NP is supported by the European Research Council PoC 2015 “Silkene” No. 693670 and by the European Commission H2020 under the Graphene Flagship Core 1 No. 696656 (WP14 “Polymer Nanocomposites”) and under the FET Proactive “Neurofibres” No. 732344.
MEG Versus EEG: Influence of Background Activity on Interictal Spike Detection

The comparative sensitivity of EEG and magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the visual detection of focal epileptiform activity in simultaneous interictal sleep recordings were investigated. The authors examined 14 patients aged 3.5 to 17 years with localization-related epilepsy. Simultaneous 122-channel whole-head MEG and 33-channel EEG were recorded for 20 to 40 minutes during spontaneous sleep. The EEG and MEG data were separated and four blinded independent reviewers marked the presence and timing of epileptic discharges (ED) in the 28 data segments. EEG and MEG data were matched and spikes identified by at least three reviewers were classified in three categories according to the following criteria: type 1 MEG > EEG, type 2 EEG > MEG (type 1/2: difference of three or more raters), and type 3 EEG = MEG (three or more raters each). The presence of simultaneous sleep changes was visually determined for every single EEG-segment. Spikes with high spatiotemporal correlation were averaged and subjected to single dipole analysis of peak activity in EEG. Out of 4704 marked patterns, 1387 spikes fulfilled the above criteria. In fact, more spikes were unique to MEG (689) than to EEG (136) and to the combination of both modalities (562). ED were detected predominantly by MEG in eight patients and by EEG in two patients. The presence of vertex waves and spindles lead to a significantly higher number of spikes identified only in MEG. Averaging of type 1 spikes produced clear spike activity in EEG in 9 of 12 cases. On the contrary, only 2 of 10 type 2 spikes were visible in MEG after averaging. Dipoles of spikes visible in MEG showed a more tangential orientation compared with more radial dipoles of type 2 spikes. Spike characteristics, e.g., dipole orientation, are a key factor for a sole EEG representation. Exclusive MEG detection is more likely influenced by overlapping background activity in EEG. Because MEG is indifferent to radial activity, i.e., sleep changes, a higher ratio of spikes unique to MEG compared with EEG is detected in the case of overlapping sleep changes.
Clinical experience with impedance audiometry.

Impedance audiometry was performed as part of the routine clinical examination in a consecutive series of more than 400 patients with various types and degrees of hearing impairment. An electroacoustic bridge (Madsen, ZO 70) was used to carry out the measurement of tympanometry, acoustic impedance, and threshold for the acoustic reflex. Results indicate that, while individual components of the total impedance battery lack diagnostic precision, the overall pattern of results yielded by the complete battery can be of great diagnostic value, especially in the evaluation of young children.
Decline in breast cancer mortality: How much is attributable to screening?

Objectives When estimating the decline in breast cancer mortality attributable to screening, the challenge is to provide valid comparison groups and to distinguish the screening effect from other effects. In Funen, Denmark, multidisciplinary breast cancer management teams started before screening was introduced; both activities came later in the rest of Denmark. Because Denmark had national protocols for breast cancer treatment, but hardly any opportunistic screening, Funen formed a “natural experiment”, providing valid comparison groups and enabling the separation of the effect of screening from other factors. Methods Using Poisson regression we compared the observed breast cancer mortality rate in Funen after implementation of screening with the expected rate without screening. The latter was estimated from breast cancer mortality in the rest of Denmark controlled for historical differences between Funen/rest of Denmark. As multidisciplinary teams were introduced gradually in the rest of Denmark from 1994, the screening effect was slightly underestimated. Results Over 14 years, women targeted by screening in Funen experienced a 22% (95% confidence interval 11%–32%) reduction in breast cancer mortality associated with screening (a reduction in breast cancer mortality rate from 61 to 47 per 100,000). The estimated reduction for participants corrected for selection bias was 28% (13%–41%). Excluding deaths in breast cancer cases diagnosed after end of screening, these numbers became 26% and 31%, respectively. Conclusions There is additional benefit in reducing breast cancer mortality from the early detection of breast cancer through mammographic screening over and above the benefits arising from improvements in treatment alone.
A brief introduction to cell‐penetrating peptides

Cell membranes act as protective walls to exclude most molecules that are not actively imported by living cells. This is an efficient way for a cell to prevent uncontrolled influx or efflux of solutes, which otherwise would be harmful to it. Only compounds within a narrow range of molecular size, polarity and net charge are able to diffuse effectively through cell membranes. In order to overcome this barrier for effective delivery of membrane‐impermeable molecules, several chemical and physical methods have been developed. These methods, e.g. electroporation, and more recent methods as cationic lipids/liposomes, have been shown to be effective for delivering hydrophobic macromolecules. The drawbacks of these harsh methods are, primarily, the unwanted cellular effects exerted by them, and, secondly, their limitation to in vitro applications. The last decade's discovery of cell‐penetrating peptides translocating themselves across cell membranes of various cell lines, along with a cargo 100‐fold their own size, via a seemingly energy‐independent process, opens up the possibility for efficient delivery of DNA, antisense peptide nucleic acids, oligonucleotides, proteins and small molecules into cells both in vitro and in vivo. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface preparation and isotropic shear bond strength properties of superficial bovine dentin

The effect of different types of surface preparation with SiC abrasive paper on the shear bond strength (SBS) of superficial bovine dentin obtained from the incisal, middle and cervical thirds were evaluated. Dentin substrates were obtained with twenty specimens for each locationgrit combination. Superficial dentin was exposed and prepared to 120-, 320-, or 600-grit SiC; the dentin surfaces were treated with Optibond Solo Plus (Kerr) and polymerized for 20 s. The specimens were placed in a jig, filled with resin composite Z100 (3M-ESPE), polymerized for 40 s according to manufacturer’s instructions, and stored for 24 h at 37℃ and 100% humidity. After 24 h, SBS was measured using a loading testing machine (Ul-tradent) and expressed in megapascals. A two-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used for data analysis. No statistically significant effect of the location (P = 0.254) or interaction grit-location (P = 0.629) were observed on SBS. Statistically significant effect of the grit on the SBS was detected (P
Mechanical Reliability Evaluation of an Oral Implant-Abutment System According to UNI EN ISO 14801 Fatigue Test Protocol

Purpose:The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the mechanical reliability of a dental implant system by testing its maximum fracture load and mechanical performance under cyclic fatigue stress. Methods:An experimental study according to the international standards (UNI EN ISO 14801: 2008) was performed using 13 implants (3.80 mm in diameter and 12 mm in length) with straight titanium abutments tightened to 30 N. Five samples were subjected to compression stress at break. Based on the mean fracture load value obtained in this test, the levels of dynamic loading range were set and were carried on at a frequency of 15 Hz for 5 × 106 cycles. Results:The compression stress at break mean value of the tested implants was 430 N (SD ± 35.66 N). In the mechanical fatigue stress test, the fatigue limit for 5 × 106 load cycles was 172 N. Conclusions:The evaluated implant system proved to withstand considerable mechanical loads under the “worst-case” loading situation performed according to UNI EN ISO 14801 standard. The reliability of this test protocol makes it suitable to be accomplished for understanding and comparing mechanical properties of implant systems.
Preclinical Investigation of the Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor AR-42 in the Treatment of Cancer-Induced Cachexia.

BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a debilitating condition that impacts patient morbidity, mortality, and quality of life and for which effective therapies are lacking. The anticachectic activity of the novel HDAC inhibitor AR-42 was investigated in murine models of cancer cachexia. METHODS The effects of AR-42 on classic features of cachexia were evaluated in the C-26 colon adenocarcinoma and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) models. Effects on survival in comparison with approved HDAC inhibitors (vorinostat, romidepsin) were determined. The muscle metabolome and transcriptome (by RNA-seq), as well as serum cytokine profile, were evaluated. Data were analyzed using mixed effects models, analysis of variance, or log-rank tests. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS In the C-26 model, orally administered AR-42 preserved body weight (23.9±2.6 grams, AR-42-treated; 20.8±1.3 grams, vehicle-treated; P = .005), prolonged survival (P < .001), prevented reductions in muscle and adipose tissue mass, muscle fiber size, and muscle strength and restored intramuscular mRNA expression of the E3 ligases MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 to basal levels (n = 8). This anticachectic effect, confirmed in the LLC model, was not observed after treatment with vorinostat and romidepsin. AR-42 suppressed tumor-induced changes in inflammatory cytokine production and multiple procachexia drivers (IL-6, IL-6Rα, leukemia inhibitory factor, Foxo1, Atrogin-1, MuRF1, adipose triglyceride lipase, uncoupling protein 3, and myocyte enhancer factor 2c). Metabolomic analysis revealed cachexia-associated changes in glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, and protein degradation in muscle, which were restored by AR-42 to a state characteristic of tumor-free mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings support further investigation of AR-42 as part of a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for cancer cachexia.
Introduction: exploring transgenerational entrepreneurship: the role of intangible resources

Las familias son los motores de la actividad economica en todo el mundo. En muchos casos, su impacto economico dura siglos y generaciones. Este fenomeno se denomina la iniciativa empresarial como transgeneracional (TE) y se define como los procesos, recursos y capacidades que utiliza una familia.
Silicon nanowires with mesopores: Fabrication and optical properties

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are electrochemically porosified to generate mesopores in sizes of 2-50 nm, resulting in the creation of mesoporous silicon nanowires (mpSiNWs). The porosification imposes two characteristics on to SiNWs: an increase of surface areas in the porous profile and quantum confinement ascribed to the shrinkage of silicon skeletons. Since the first report on producing mpSiNWs in 2009, the emerging porous nanostructures are increasingly catching fundamental and technical interests, and diverse but limited applications have been explored in batteries, energy storage, photocatalysis, drug delivery and gas sensors. In this mini review, we will elaborate the porosification mechanism in metal-assisted chemical etching of Si wafers that has been dominantly employed to fabricate mpSiWNs, in terms of intrinsic properties of Si wafers (i.e. the doping level and dopant elements), ingredients of the etching solution, temperature and complementary porosification methods. Among various physical properties of mpSiWNs, photoluminescence (PL) has been intensively studied owing to the promising application of mpSiNWs in optoelectronics. PL of mpSiNWs sensitively varies with the intrinsic properties of parent Si wafers, temperature and porosification processes, and the origin is still ambiguous and under debate. It will be reviewed the current studies in PL, together with the antireflection that is highly desired in producing green energy. At the end, it will be envisaged the prospects of mpSiNWs for developing the integrated optoelectronic devices.
NBN: IT The Italian trusted persistent identifier infrastructure

This paper describes how the Italian national bibliography number (NBN) service has become a trusted infrastructure when it has been combined with digital stacks, the national digital preservation infrastructure. A suitable descriptive model, the bricks of trust, to assess the trustworthiness of the PI systems, has been provided. The Italian NBN has been positively assessed according to this model.
Power allocation using Vickrey auction and sequential first-price auction games for physical layer security in cognitive relay networks

We consider a cognitive radio network in which multiple pairs of secondary users (SUs) communicate by a one-way relay node over orthogonal channels with the existence of an eavesdropper close to the destination. The transmit power of the relay needs efficient distribution for maximizing the sum secrecy rate of the SU pairs, meanwhile satisfying the interference constraint at the single primary user (PU). Specifically, we introduce two multi-object auctions, i.e. the Vickrey auction and the sequential first-price auction, to perform this power allocation problem. We prove the existence and give the general form of the only equilibrium for each auction. We also propose two algorithms based on the equilibriums, respectively. From the simulation results, we see that the system secrecy rate curve of the Vickrey auction gradually coincides with that of the optimal allocation with increasing power units, while the sequential first-price auction reflects more fairness.
Properties of interval-valued hesitant fuzzy sets

Interval-valued hesitant fuzzy sets (IVHFSs), as an extension of hesitant fuzzy sets, can account for the membership degrees of an element to a given set having a few different interval values, which provides an intuitionistic description on the differences among decision makers. We derive the properties and relationships of fundamental operations on IVHFSs for Algebraic t-norm and t-conorm. Furthermore, we present the operations based on Archimedean t-norm and t-conorm and investigate their properties. The results obtained using the two types of t-norms and t-conorms could be useful for applications of IVHFSs in information aggregation and decision making.
Maternal overweight and obesity and the risk of congenital anomalies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONTEXT Evidence suggests an association between maternal obesity and some congenital anomalies. OBJECTIVE To assess current evidence of the association between maternal overweight, maternal obesity, and congenital anomaly. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Scopus (January 1966 through May 2008) were searched for English-language studies using a list of keywords. Reference lists from relevant review articles were also searched. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies with an estimate of prepregnancy or early pregnancy weight or body mass index (BMI) and data on congenital anomalies were considered. Of 1944 potential articles, 39 were included in the systematic review and 18 in the meta-analysis. Data Extraction and Synthesis Information was extracted on study design, quality, participants, congenital anomaly groups and subtypes, and risk estimates. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) comparing risk among overweight, obese, and recommended-weight mothers (defined by BMI) were determined for congenital anomaly groups and subtypes for which at least 150 cases had been reported in the literature. RESULTS Pooled ORs for overweight and obesity were calculated for 16 and 15 anomaly groups or subtypes, respectively. Compared with mothers of recommended BMI, obese mothers were at increased odds of pregnancies affected by neural tube defects (OR, 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62-2.15), spina bifida (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.86-2.69), cardiovascular anomalies (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12-1.51), septal anomalies (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.31), cleft palate (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.47), cleft lip and palate (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03-1.40), anorectal atresia (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.12-1.97), hydrocephaly (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.19-2.36), and limb reduction anomalies (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.03-1.73). The risk of gastroschisis among obese mothers was significantly reduced (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.10-0.30). CONCLUSIONS Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of a range of structural anomalies, although the absolute increase is likely to be small. Further studies are needed to confirm whether maternal overweight is also implicated.
The mediation role of supply chain agility on supply chain orientation-supply chain performance link

Abstract The role of supply chain agility (SCA) and its effect on supply chain performance (SCP) is poorly recognised in the operations management literature. As the nature of supply chain is inclining towards high flexibility, the SCA becomes value enhancing, indicating its effective nature. This paper proposes a model linking supply chain orientation (SCO) and SCA with SCP. Cross sectional survey of 122 Indian manufacturers was carried out. The result indicates that SCO and SCA are directly and significantly related with SCP. The main contribution of the study is uncovering the mediation effect of SCA on the SCO–SCP link. The theoretical as well as managerial implications along with scope for future research and limitations of the study are also discussed.
Modification of arginyl or histidyl groups affects the energy coupling of the amine transporter.

We have characterized the effects of phenylglyoxal and diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) on the catalytic cycle of the amine transporter in chromaffin granule membrane vesicles. Both reagents inhibited transport in a dose-dependent reaction (with IC50 values of 8 and 1 mM, respectively). The inhibition by DEPC was specific for histidyl groups since transport could be restored by treatment with hydroxylamine. Neither phenylglyoxal nor DEPC inhibited binding of either R1- or R2-type ligands, indicating that the inhibition of transport is not due to a direct interaction with either of the known binding sites. Interestingly, however, the acceleration of reserpine binding (an R1 ligand) by a transmembrane H+ gradient is inhibited by both reagents at concentrations identical to those which inhibit transprot. As previously demonstrated, transport of one proton across the transporter is required for this acceleration to take place [Rudnick, G. , Steiner-Mordoch, S. , Fishkes, H. , Stern-Bach, Y. , & Schuldiner, S. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 603-608]. Therefore, we suggest that either proton transport or a conformational change induced by proton transport is inhibited by both types of reagents.
Solar PV Transfer Strategy in Malawi for Sustainability

This paper aimed at developing a sustainable strategy for the transfer of solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies to the rural areas in Malawi. The paper evaluated two strategies used to transfer solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies to rural Malawi namely the centralised systems strategy and the decentralised systems strategy. More attention was paid to analysing the PV transfer strategies in terms of management, financing, community participation, skills transfer, and marketing systems. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect the needed data. The study has revealed that the centralised systems strategy, which is based on solar villages, is unsustainable. On the other hand, the decentralised systems strategy, which promotes small-systems, has potential to be sustainable as long as the systems are not given out to the people as donations. Therefore, a new sustainable policy strategy, for the transfer of solar PV technologies to the rural areas in Malawi, named ‘the commercialisation and entrepreneurship development strategy’ was suggested.
Extended diffuse reflection model for reflectance estimation

Reflectance properties play an important roll in generating realistic images and a lot of research has been done to determine the reflectance of real objects from images[Sato et al. 1997]. In the process of the estimation, the Lambertian model is commonly used to estimate the diffuse reflection of real objects. However, this model could not represent the diffuse reflection properly[Oren and Nayar 1994]. In this paper, we propose a new diffuse reflection model which can represent the diffuse reflection of real objects. Our proposed model is very simple and can be used for estimating reflectance of real objects.