Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The reproductive capability of Ooencyrtus kuvanae reared on eggs of the factitious host Antheraea pernyi

Ooencyrtus kuvanae is a key egg parasitoid of Lymantria dispar (L.), an important defoliating pest in China and North America. We have developed mass rearing techniques for O. kuvanae and in this study compared the reproductive capacity of O. kuvanae when it was previously reared on the natural host, L. dispar or the factitious host, Antheraea pernyi Guerin‐Meneville. There was no significant difference in the oviposition period or total number of eggs laid between L. dispar‐reared and A. pernyi‐reared females. However, the mean number of offspring successfully emerging from those eggs was significantly larger from the A. pernyi‐reared females compared with L. dispar‐reared females. From this, we can conclude that, with respect to reproductive capability, eggs of A. pernyi are suitable factitious hosts for mass rearing of O. kuvanae.
The Effects of Inbreeding on Production Traits of the Southern Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians concentricus

ABSTRACT Argopecten irradians concentricus has been cultivated along the southern coast of China for about 16 generations since its first introduction in 1991. To determine the effects of self-fertilization on the production traits of this isolated bay scallop population, 12 self-fertilized families and a mass-spawned group were produced and studied. The hatching success and survival at larvae, juvenile, and adult stages of the offspring of the mass-mated group were all significantly greater than that of 10 of the 12 self-fertilized families examined, and not significantly different from that of other 2 self-fertilized families. For newly hatched larvae on day 1, no significant difference in size was found among the self-fertilized families and the mass-spawned group. The shell length of the mass-mated group on days 9, 30, 75 and 230, and the live weight on days 75 and 230 were always significantly larger than that of 9 of the 12 self-fertilized families, and not significantly different from that of the other 3 self-fertilized families. In addition, a significant difference in survival, shell length, and live weight was seen among the 12 self-fertilized families at all development stages. The current study demonstrated the occurrence of inbreeding depression for production traits in the closed population of A. irradians concentricus and the necessity of avoiding inbreeding when creating a breeding production, although not all families are significantly affected by inbreeding.
Triterpenes from Brazilian Medicinal Plant “Chuchuhuasi” (Maytenus krukovii)

The isolation and structure elucidation of five novel triterpenes (1−5) from a South American medicinal plant “chuchuhuasi” (Maytenus krukovii) are described. The structures of these oleanane and ursane triterpenes, each containing an α,β-unsaturated ketone in the C ring, were elucidated by interpretation of their spectral data.
Constituents of the seeds of Cornus officinalis with Inhibitory Activity on the Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)

과육을 제거한 산수유 씨의 MeOH 추출물의 EtOAc 분획물로부터 이용하여 10종의 화합물을 분리하였다. 이들 중에서 (+)- pinoresinol, (-)-balanophonin, vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, coniferaldehyde, betulinic acid는 이 식물에서 처음으로 분리된 물질들이다. 본 연구에서 분리된 10종의 화합물에 대한 in vitro 최종당화산물(AGEs) 생성억제효능 실험결과, (-)-balanophonin (화합물 2)과 gallicin(화합물 3)이 각각 $IC_{50}$ 값 27.81과 18.04 ${\mu}M$ 로 비교양성대조군인 aminoguanidine(974.59 ${\mu}M$ )보다 훨씬 우수한 효능을 나타내었다. 【Ten compounds, (+)-pinoresinol (1), (-)-balanophonin (2), gallicin (3), vanillin (4), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5), coniferaldehyde (6), betulinic acid (7), ursolic acid (8), 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (9), and malic acid (10), were isolated from a EtOAc-soluble fraction of the seeds of Cornus officinalis. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as well as by comparison with reported values. Compounds 1, 2, and 4-7 were isolated from this species for the first time. All the isolates (1-10) were subjected to an in vitro bioassay to evaluate their inhibitory activity against advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. Among these, compounds 2 and 3 showed the significant inhibitory activity on AGEs formation with $IC_{50}$ values of 27.81 and 18.04 ${\mu}M$ , respectively. 】
LearningML: A Tool to Foster Computational Thinking Skills Through Practical Artificial Intelligence Projects

espanolEl uso de sistemas de inteligencia artificial en multiples niveles de la sociedad ofrece nuevas y prosperas oportunidades, pero tambien introduce nuevos riesgos y cuestiones eticas que deben abordarse. Sostenemos que la introduccion de contenidos de inteligencia artificial en las escuelas a traves de proyectos practicos es el camino a seguir para educar ciudadanos conscientes y criticos, para despertar vocaciones entre los jovenes, y para fomentar las habilidades de pensamiento computacional de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, la mayoria de las plataformas educativas de programacion existentes carecen de algunas caracteristicas necesarias para desarrollar proyectos completos de IA y, en consecuencia, se requieren nuevas herramientas. En este articulo presentamos LearningML, una nueva plataforma dirigida al aprendizaje automatico supervisado, una de las tecnicas de IA mas exitosas que se encuentra en la base de casi todas las aplicaciones actuales de IA. Este trabajo describe las principales funcionalidades de la herramienta y discute algunas decisiones tomadas durante su diseno, para el que hemos tenido en cuenta las lecciones aprendidas al revisar trabajos anteriores realizados para introducir la IA en la escuela y el analisis de otras soluciones que permiten proyectos practicos de IA. Tambien se presentan los proximos pasos en el desarrollo de LearningML, que se centran en la validacion, tanto aparente como instruccional, de la herramienta. EnglishThe use of artificial intelligence systems in multiple levels of society offers new and thriving opportunities, but also introduces new risks and ethical issues that should be dealt with. We argue that the introduction of artificial intelligence contents at schools through practical, hands-on, projects is the way to go in order to educate conscientious and critical citizens, to awaken vocations among youth people, as well as to foster students’ computational thinking skills. However, most existing programming platforms for education lack some required features to develop complete AI projects and, consequently, new tools are required. In this paper we present LearningML, a new platform aimed at learning supervised Machine Learning, one of the most successful AI techniques that is in the basis of almost every current AI application. This work describes the main functionalities of the tool and discusses some decisions taken during its design, for which we took into account the lessons learned while reviewing previous works carried out for introducing AI in school and from the analysis of other solutions that enable practical AI projects. The next steps in the development of LearningML are also presented, which are focused on both the face and instructional validation of the tool.
The physiological ecology of Daphnia: a dynamic model of growth and reproduction

In the preceding paper (McCauley et al. 1990) we developed a new model for the growth and fecundity of Daphnia based on a quantitative review of short-term physiological rates and energy allocation for D. pulex. In this paper, we formulate a fully dynamic version of this model and test its predictions against experimentally observed growth and fecundity schedules obtained independently under a variety of different experimental protocols. Preliminary testing falsifies two simplifying hypotheses made in our original development and we propose modifications of these hypotheses. With the aid of these modifications our model yields predictions that are in good agreement with a large body of data on the growth and fecundity schedules of individual D. pulex. Although our model contains 18 parameters, the values of the great majority are independently determined from short-term physiological measurements, leaving only two as freely adjustable @'fitting parameters. @' The target dataset, which contains four complete growth curves (@? 80 observations) and 32 growth or fecundity characterizations, thus provides a stringent test of the model, and our success in matching our predictions to it provides strong evidence that measurements of short-term physiological rates can be used successfully as predictors of long-term growth and fecundity.
Rorqual whale (Balaenopteridae) surface lunge‐feeding behaviors: Standardized classification, repertoire diversity, and evolutionary analyses

Rorqual whales (Family: Balaenopteridae) are the world’s largest predators and sometimes feed near or at the sea surface on small schooling prey. Most rorquals capture prey using a behavioral process known as lunge-feeding that, when occurring at the surface, often exposes the mouth and head above the water. New technology has recently improved historical misconceptions about the natural variation in rorqual lunge-feeding behavior yet missing from the literature is a dedicated study of the identification, use, and evolution of these behaviors when used to capture prey at the surface. Here we present results from a long-term investigation of three rorqual whale species (minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata; fin whale, B. physalus ;a nd blue whale, B. musculus) that helped us develop a standardized classification system of surface lunge-feeding (SLF) behaviors. We then tested for differences in frequency of these behaviors among the three species and across all rorqual species. Our results: (1) propose a unified classification system of six homologous SLF behaviors used by all living rorqual whale species; (2) demonstrate statistically significant differences in the frequency of each behavior by minke, fin, and blue whales; and (3) provide new information regarding the evolution of lunge-feeding behaviors among rorqual whales.
Biological Control of Phytophthora Root Rot of Pepper Using Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces rochei in Combination

A combination of two compatible micro-organisms, Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces rochei, both antagonistic to the pathogen Phytophthora capsici, was used to control root rot in pepper. The population of the pathogen in soil was reduced by 75% as a result. Vegetative growth of the mycelium of P. capsici was inhibited in vitro on the second day after P. capsici and T. harzianum were placed on the opposite sides of the same Petri plate. Trichoderma harzianum was capable of not only arresting the spread of the pathogen from a distance, but also after invading the whole surface of the pathogen colony, sporulating over it. Scanning electron microscopy showed the hyphae of P. capsici surrounded by those of T. harzianum, their subsequent disintegration, and the eventual suppression of the pathogen's growth. Streptomyces rochei produced a zone of inhibition, from which was obtained a compound with antioomycete property secreted by the bacteria. When purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, this compound was identified as 1-propanone, 1-(4-chlorophenyl), which seems to be one of the principal compounds involved in the antagonism. A formulation was prepared that maintained the compound's capacity to inhibit growth of the pathogen for up to 2 years when stored at room temperature in the laboratory on a mixture of plantation soil and vermiculite. The two antagonists, added as a compound formulation, were effective at pH from 3.5 to 5.6 at 23-30°C. The optimal dose of the antagonists in the compound formulation was 3.5 x 10 8 spores/ml of T. harzianum and 1.0 x 10 9 FCU/ml of S. rochei. This is the first report of a compound biocontrol formulation of these two antagonists with a potential to control root rot caused by P. capsici.
Misoprostol: The Social Life of a Life-saving Drug in Global Maternal Health

This paper is about a drug called misoprostol and its controversial clinical and social lives. Although originally developed as a prevention for gastric ulcers, in the 1980s, it developed an off-label reputation as an abortifacient. The drug’s association with clandestine abortion has profoundly shaped its social life as a marginal and suspect character in the realm of global maternal and reproductive health where it has the potential to prevent two major causes of maternal death––postpartum hemorrhage and unsafe abortion. The social life of misoprostol has also been shaped by the question of authoritative practice, that is, the question of who can deliver medicine. Both issues are about the specters of misuse of misoprostol: off-label, illegal, immoral, or by unlicensed providers. In this paper, I focus ethnographically on two women’s health nongovernmental organizations that have been conducting clinical testing and advocacy for the use of misoprostol for reproductive indications in global maternal health settings. Drawing on the notions of pharmaceutical activism and protocol feminism, I describe and analyze how the tools of evidence and authoritative practice have been reassembled in new networks of expertise toward the social justice goals of life, access, and dignity for women.
THE PHOTODYNAMIC EFFECT OF HEMATOPORPHYRIN ON DNA

Abstract— Breakage of DNA in vitro and inside E. colt cells has been determined after exposure to monochromatic 365 nm light in the presence of 10 µM hematoporphyrin. When measured by alkaline sucrose sedimentation, the yields of breaks were 1.4 × 10‐12 per dalton and per J/m2 for Col El‐DNA in vitro and 5.9 × 10‐3 per dalton and per J/m2 for superinfecting phage Λ DNA inside E. coli cells made permeable by toluene. No breaks were found by neutral sucrose sedimentation, demonstrating that the lesions represent alkali‐labile bonds. The majority of the alkali‐labile bonds were induced by singlet oxygen, as evidenced by the several‐fold higher yield obtained in D2O‐containing buffer.
Prevalence of Age-Related Maculopathy

The Beaver Dam Eye Study was a population-based cohort study designed to collect information on the prevalence and incidence of age-related cataract, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. The results of the baseline examination for macular degeneration are reported in this chapter. One or more drusen were present in the macular area of at least one eye in 95% of the population. Signs of age-related maculopathy were common in people seventy-five years of age or older. Women of this age group had an incidence of exudative macular degeneration two to three times higher than their male counterparts. This study was an early indication that age-related macular degeneration was becoming a public health problem in an aging American population.
Microbial Contamination of Bulgarian Aviation Fuel

ABSTRACTThe microbial contamination of Bulgarian aviation kerosene of type RT (Bulgarian State Standard 15636–83) is studied. The presence of bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts and fungi is detected in the fuel storage tanks. The total level of microbial contamination varied as follows: (104−103)—» (103−102)—» (102) colony forming units per liter kerosene over the technological scheme: production in the oil refinery (Bourgas, Bulgaria) - storage tanks—transportation to the consumer.
COVID-19 İmmünopatogenezi ve Sitokin Fırtınası

Koronavirus pandemisi, ciddi akut solunum sendromu koronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)’nin neden oldugu COVID-19 nedeniyle devam eden kuresel bir saglik krizidir. Virusten etkilenen hastalarin cogunda hafif, grip benzeri semptomlar gorulse de bazi hastalarda pnomoni, akut solunum sikintisi sendromu ile hiperenflamasyon ve sitokin firtinasi sendromu kaynakli organ yetmezligi gibi ciddi komplikasyonlar gorulmektedir. Hastaliginin patobiyolojisi ile ilgili bilgiler ise henuz sinirli duzeydedir. Bu derlemede, mevcut veriler altinda COVID-19 patogenezi irdelenmektedir.
Development of a Body Mass Index–based Body Fat Equation: Effect of Handgrip Strength

ABSTRACT Body mass index (BMI)–based body fat equations from Womersley (BMIWOMERSLEY), Jackson (BMIJACKSON), Deurenberg (BMIDEURENBERG), and Gallagher (BMIGALLAGHER) are practical in clinical and field settings. However, research has shown these prediction equations produce large error, which may be due to the inability of BMI to account for differences in fat mass and fat-free mass. Thus, accounting for variations in muscular strength via relative handgrip (RHG) strength could help enhance the accuracy of a BMI-based body fat equation. Purpose The purpose of the current study was twofold: 1) to develop a new BMI-based body fat equation that includes the measurement of RHG (BMINICKERSON) and 2) to cross-validate BMINICKERSON, BMIWOMERSLEY, BMIJACKSON, BMIDEURENBERG, and BMIGALLAGHER against a four-compartment criterion. Methods The development and cross-validation samples consisted of 230 and 110 participants, respectively. Criterion body fat percent was determined with a four-compartment model. RHG was calculated by summing the max of each handgrip strength measurement and dividing by body mass. BMI (kg·m−2), RHG (kg·kg−1), age (yr), ethnicity (Hispanic or non-Hispanic White), and sex (male or female) were entered into a stepwise regression to calculate BMINICKERSON. Results BMINICKERSON was calculated as follows: body fat percent = 21.504 – (12.484 × RHG) – (7.998 × sex) + (0.722 × BMI). In the cross-validation sample, BMINICKERSON produced lower constant error (CE) and total error (TE) values (CE = –0.11%, TE = 4.28%) than all other BMI-based body fat equations (CE = 0.89%–1.90%, TE = 5.71%–6.87%). Furthermore, the 95% limits of agreement were lower for BMINICKERSON ± 8.47% than previous BMI-based body fat equations (95% limits of agreement = ±11.14% to 13.33%). Conclusion Current study results confirm that previous BMI-based body fat equations produce large error in Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites but can be improved by accounting for RHG. Allied health professionals are encouraged to use BMINICKERSON in clinical and field settings for adiposity assessments.
Network Coding-Based Fault Diagnosis Protocol for Dynamic Networks

Dependable functioning of dynamic networks is essential for delivering ubiquitous services. Faults are the root causes of network outages. The comparison diagnosis model, which automates fault’s identification, is one of the leading approaches to attain network dependability. Most of the existing research has focused on stationary networks. Nonetheless, the time-free comparison model imposes no time constraints on the system under considerations, and it suits most of the diagnosis requirements of dynamic networks. This paper presents a novel protocol that diagnoses faulty nodes in diagnosable dynamic networks. The proposed protocol comprises two stages, a testing stage, which uses the time-free comparison model to diagnose faulty neighbour nodes, and a disseminating stage, which leverages a Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) technique to disseminate the partial view of nodes. We analysed and evaluated the performance of the proposed protocol under various scenarios, considering two metrics: communication overhead and diagnosis time. The simulation results revealed that the proposed protocol diagnoses different types of faults in dynamic networks. Compared with most related protocols, our proposed protocol has very low communication overhead and diagnosis time. These results demonstrated that the proposed protocol is energy-efficient, scalable, and robust.
A Longitudinal Examination of the Accuracy of Perceived Physical Competence in Middle Childhood

Children who underestimate their physical abilities have lower motivation, higher anxiety, and lack of understanding as to why they may be succeeding or struggling in sports settings, which can result in withdrawal from physical activities. Theoretically, middle childhood is a time when perceptions of physical competence (PPC) become more accurate as children develop the cognitive capacity to interpret new sources of feedback and develop a realistic sense of their physical abilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which accuracy of PPC changed from grade 2 to grade 4. Participants were 238 boys and girls (Mage = 7.8 yrs) from eight participating elementary schools in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The Test of Gross Motor Development–Second Edition was used to assess motor skills. PPC were assessed using the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children (for grade 2) and the Self-Perception Profile for Children (for grades 3 and 4). Results revealed that participants who underestimated or overestimated their physical competence in grade 2 saw an improvement in accuracy, and, by grade 4, had similar accuracy scores to their peers who were considered ‘accurate’ estimators. These results reinforce theory that suggests PPC become more accurate in middle childhood.
Improving the Performance of Zinc Oxide Photocatalysts for Phenol Degradation through Addition of Lanthanum Species

One green approach to degrade organic pollutants, such as phenol, is through the photocatalytic reaction. Despite having large band gap energy, which is enough for phenol degradation, zinc oxide (ZnO) has low photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, ZnO was modified by lanthanum (La) species, and the improved photocatalytic activity was confirmed for degradation of phenol under visible and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The ZnO and its modified photocatalysts were prepared by the hydrothermal method in the absence and presence of La species (0.01‒2 wt%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the addition of La did not disturb the structure of ZnO, but slightly decreased the crystallite size. While the La addition up to 1 wt% did not affect the optical properties of the ZnO, the addition of 2 wt% La slightly red-shifted the absorption band edge of the ZnO. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra showed La oxide formation observed at 515-540 cm-1 after 2 wt% La addition. Fluorescence emission spectra revealed that synthesized ZnO has oxygen vacancies at 558 nm, and the presence of 1 wt% La did not significantly affect the emission intensity. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO was influenced by the La addition, where the best performance was obtained on the ZnO with 1 wt% La. This study demonstrated that the optimum amount of La species could increase the performance of the ZnO.
Ethnographically Derived Socio-technical Analysis for Information System Support in Intensive Home Care

Developing information systems and collaboration support in the field of intensive home care is faced with challenging conditions of empirical work for requirements elicitation. On the one hand, the huge variety of aspects and situation-related characteristics require a deliberate analysis and close interaction with caregivers and relatives to identify the needs and constraints of technical support. On the other hand, the relevant places are hardly accessible. To be able to visit and observe the clients in situ, consent is needed by the caregiver, the client, and the relatives living with them, and a high level of privacy and confidentiality has to be maintained. Based on an ethnographical data gathering and analysis, this article provides a comprehensive categorization that characterizes the work of caregivers in intensive home, to make the work of information system designers in this field more efficient: activities, interpersonal interaction, documentation, qualification, interaction with technology, client autonomy, history of medical records, and feedback on intensive home care. Finally, these categories are compared with related work of socio-technical design of health care information systems.