Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tradeoffs between units providing soil ecosystem services in multifunctional landscapes of the Orinoquia

Ecological assessment of soil ecosystem services was made through indicators of provision of nutrients, amount of organic matter, and cation exchange capacity; and climate regulation, carbon storage, in the Orotoy river basin. As units that provide ecosystem services, mosaics of tropical humid forest cover, oil palm crops and cattle pastures were selected, persistent for 20 years, in windows located in the upper, middle and lower areas of the basin. Soil samples (896) were collected and analyzed in the laboratory for determining physical and chemical properties. The data were processed with the SPAW and R software. Indicators, ranging from 0 to 1, and tradeoffs were represented on a 1: 25.000 scale land cover map. It was found that in the indicator of carbon storage, the low zone obtained the highest average value (0.42); and the indicator of the ecosystem service of nutrient provision obtained close average values in the middle and lower zones, 0.33 and 0.44, correspondingly. In vegetation cover, the tropical humid forest presented the highest average values for the indicator of climate regulation (0,43). The established trade-offs from the valuation are: the upper zone is fundamental for water regulation and climate regulation throughout the basin; forest cover in the entire basin regulates the climate, oil palm crops and cattle pastures via fertilization, contribute to the surrounding forests, located in areas of less slope. In the mosaics of the multifunctional landscapes it was found that although the ecosystem services are related to the forming factors of the soil and the vegetation coverage, the influence of cultural practices on the soils is also evident; these determine trade-offs. The importance of including the ecosystem services of the soil in the processes of territorial ordering and management of landscapes like the one of the basin of the Orotoy river is verified, which in the current management scenario presents trade-offs between zones and coverages.
A Tool for Computational Analysis of Narrative Film by Alex Hall Research Project

Film historians and filmmakers study the visual style of past films to answer research questions or gain inspiration for new projects. To help such film professionals conduct large-scale analyses of visual style in films, we present Film Grok, a computational tool for labeling and analyzing narrative films. We automatically label a dataset of 620 films with key features of visual style (e.g., character framing, shot sequences) derived from filmmaking texts. To study these features in the broader context of the film, we provide narrative features such as dialogue, emotional sentiment, genre, and director. For example, we use our tools to show that the rise of TV in the 1950’s correlates with character framings that are on average 5% closer to the center of the screen and nearly 200% closer to the actor than they were in the 1930’s and 40’s. We show in another example that Westerns tend to use Extreme Long Shots at moments with 70% stronger negative sentiment than the rest of the film. Akira Kurosawa, a self-proclaimed student of American Westerns, furthers this trend, using Extreme Long Shots for moments with 400% stronger negative sentiment. We train an SVM to classify films based on genre and from this SVM extract the most discriminative shot sequences for each genre. Additionally, we use Film Grok’s labels to automatically produce supercuts and supergrids highlighting visual features of interest based on user queries.
ОСТ переднего отрезка глаза - визуализация, углубленный анализ угла передней камеры, аккомодационная нагрузка, измерение объема передней камеры. Возможности RayTracing-расчета ИОЛ в «нестандартных» глазах

Background and Purpose: Especially after corneal surgery the lateral magnification of the eye providing the retinal image size of an object is a crucial factor influencing visual acuity and binocularity. The purpose of this study is to describe a paraxial computing scheme calculating lateral magnification changes (ratio of the image sizes before and after surgery) due to variation in corneal shape and spectacle refraction. Calculation strategy: From the 4 · 4 refraction and translation matrices the system matrix representing the entire ‘optical system eye’ and the pupil matrix describing the sub-system from the spectacle correction to the aperture stop were defined for the state before and after surgery. As the chief ray is assumed to pass through the centre of the aperture stop, the 2 · 2 matrix of the lateral magnification ratio from preoperative to postoperative is described by the 2 · 2 sub-matrices of the respective pupil matrices. The cardinal meridians can be extracted by calculating the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Working example: Vertex distance 14 mm, measured distance between corneal apex and aperture stop 3.6 mm, keratometry 39 D + 6 D/0 to 47 D + 3 D/30 and refraction 3.5 D 5 5 D/5 to 4.0 D 3.5 D/25 preoperatively to postoperatively. The matrix of magnification ratio from preop to postop yields (0.8960 0.0085;0.0074 0.9371) and the eigenvalues decomposition provided a 10.7% minified image at 170.1 and a minified image of 6.1% at 78.7 , which both are clinically relevant. Conclusion: We presented a straight-forward computer-based strategy for calculation of retinal image size changes using 4 · 4 matrix notation. With this model the meridional changes in lateral magnification from the preoperative to the postoperative stage or between follow-up stages can be estimated from keratometry, refraction, vertex distance and anterior chamber depth, which might be important for binocularity and vision tests in corneal surgery. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Biorefinery review: Wide-reaching products through kraft lignin

This review details the structure of lignin and curates information on the characteristics that this polymer must have for each specific use. Lignin is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry and the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. Approximately 50 million tons of lignin are produced worldwide annually, of which 98% to 99% is incinerated to produce steam, process energy. Just 1% to 2% of the lignin, derived from the sulfite pulp industry, is used in chemical conversion to produce lignosulfonates. Biorefining is a promising approach to promote the wider use of kraft lignin. However, using kraft lignin to produce high value-added products is a great challenge, due to its complex structure, low reactivity, and low solubility, which are factors that limit the lignin’s large-scale use in biorefineries. Recent studies show that kraft lignin can be used as lignosulfonates and dispersants, technical carbons, transportation fuels, bioplastics, and adhesives, but some technological hurdles must be overcome and several industrial tests must be developed to make these uses viable.
Physiotherapy in Liver Transplantation

Liver transplantation is the definite surgical treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure that improves liver functions and survival. In recent years health-related quality of life has been accepted to be in relation with surgical success and has become to be used as an important assessment parameter not only after transplantation but also during the disease process.
Subvoxel model-based 3D segmentation using implicit snakes

Building accurate representations of the surfaces of bones in 3D medical images is an important task in many computer-assisted surgery procedures. We rst present a survey of the existing solutions to this problem. Then, we give the results of experiments on new 2D and 3D deformable models. We propose to maximize the correlation of raw image values along contours parallel to the surface of bones. We also propose new representations of deformable contours : an orientation-based representation for 2D contours, and an implicit representation using 4D splines for 3D contours. We nally present some results of subvoxel segmentation of bone surfaces.
Advanced passive devices for enhanced integrated RF circuit performance

State of the art passive devices have been developed for optimum RF circuit performance. These devices include a hyperabrupt junction varactor with tunability (Cmax/Cmin) of 3.3, an accumulation mode MOS varactor, high capacitance nitride metal-insulator-metal capacitors, a BEOL TaN resistor and very high Q inductors with a peak Q of 28 at 3.5 GHz. VCO simulations using several of these elements show a significant reduction in VCO gain variation, phase noise, and power consumption.
A fault tolerant machine drive based on permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine

A fault tolerant machine drive based on permanent magnet (PM) assisted synchronous reluctance machine is proposed and investigated for safety critical applications. In order to achieve enhanced fault tolerant capability, the risk of the permanent magnet field that cannot be turned off under fault conditions is minimized without compromising the torque density and efficiency. This is achieved by employing a synchronous reluctance rotor topology with embedded permanent magnets. Three independent 3-phase windings are adopted and a segregated winding configuration is devised to ensure non-overlapping in the three 3-phase winding sets. Each 3-phase winding set is driven by a standard 3-phase inverter, which facilitates fast integration and cost reduction. The performance under various fault conditions has been evaluated by FE simulations. The results show that the proposed machine drive exhibits high performance as well as excellent fault tolerant capability under various faults, including open circuit, terminal short circuit, and inter-turn short circuit, etc.
A Global Optimization Method for Scheduling Thermal Generation, Hydro Generation, and Economy Purchases

A key operating question facing the control staff at South Carolina Electric and Gas Company (SCE&G) is: "How should thermal generation be coordinated with pumped-storage operation and economy purchases to minimize the total system production costs? " To answer this complex question, SCE&G dispatchers are currently using a unit commitment program which can perform global optimization. The purpose of this paper is to describe the global optimization method, report computational experiences, and present a case study to illustrate practical applications.
Sexual cannibalism in Nephila plumipes as a consequence of female life history strategies

The evolution of sexual cannibalism has been modelled as both an adaptive and nonadaptive female strategy. Recent evidence from several species suggests a connection between female foraging and sexual cannibalism, but the precise benefits for females have remained obscure. Here, we investigate the difference between cannibalistic and noncannibalistic female Nephila plumipes by removing the potential nutritional benefit of cannibalism. Courting and mating males that were killed by a female were immediately removed so that the female could not consume them. Nevertheless, cannibalistic females gained more mass from maturation to oviposition and produced larger first clutches than noncannibalistic females, although cannibalistic females matured at a smaller size and mass than noncannibalistic females. In juvenile instars, mass gain was generally smaller in females that moulted in a good condition but intermoult intervals were shorter. However, the time from maturity to oviposition was not shorter in females that matured in a good condition. Male behaviour did not differ according to the risk of cannibalism. We suggest that sexual cannibalism in N. plumipes is a side‐effect of an increased foraging vigour of females that matured at a smaller size and body mass. Selection pressure on males to avoid cannibalism may be weak because of limited mating opportunities.
Course Objectives

• Apply economic and risk management evaluation tools for oil & gas project proposals • Identify and quantify key uncertainties during field development and full life cycle economics • Calculate the economic and financial viability of expenditure proposals projects under risk conditions • Develop a structured approach to measuring, managing and combating commercial risk • Assess the ranking of alternative projects • Prepare convincing project proposals in a way that will win management, partner and government approval. • Improve project and business outcomes
Divergence between the Courtship Songs of the Field Crickets Gryllus texensis and Gryllus rubens (Orthoptera, Gryllidae)

Acoustic mating signals are often important as both interspecific prezygotic isolating mechanisms and as sexually selected traits in intraspecific mate choice. Here, we investigate the potential for cricket courtship song to act as an isolating mechanism by assessing divergence between the courtship songs of Gryllus texensis and Gryllus rubens, two broadly sympatric cryptic sister species of field crickets with strong prezygotic isolation via the calling song and little or no postzygotic isolation. We found significant species-level diAerences in the courtship song, but the song has not diverged to the same extent as the calling song, and considerable overlap remains between these two species. Only two related courtship song characters are suAciently distinct to play a possible role in prezygotic species isolation.
Edgeworth expansions for semiparametric averaged derivatives

A valid Edgeworth expansion is established for the limit distribution of density-weighted semiparametric averaged derivative estimates of single index models. The leading term that corrects the normal limit varies in magnitude, depending on the choice of bandwidth and kernel order. In general this term has order larger than the n -½ that prevails in standard parametric problems, but we find circumstances in which it is O(n -½), thereby extending the achievement of an n -½ Berry-Essen bound in Robinson (1995). A valid empirical Edgeworth expansion is also established. We also provide theoretical and empirical Edgeworth expansions for a studentized statistic, where the correction terms are different from those for the unstudentized case. We report a Monte Carlo study of finite sample performance.
Explicit relative performance evaluation in performance-vested equity grants

Using data from FTSE 350 firms, we examine factors influencing explicit relative performance evaluation (RPE) conditions in performance-vested equity grants. We provide exploratory evidence on whether the use or characteristics of RPE are associated with efforts to improve incentives by removing common risk, other economic factors discussed in the RPE literature, or external pressure to implement RPE. We find that many of these economic factors, including common risk reduction, are more closely related to specific relative performance conditions than to the firm-level decision to use RPE in some or all of their equity grants. We also find that greater external monitoring by institutional investors or others is associated with plans with tougher overall RPE conditions. The relative performance conditions are binding in most RPE plans, with nearly two-thirds of the grants vesting only partially or not vesting at all. Further, we find evidence that vesting percentages vary in RPE and non-RPE plans.
Stability Analysis for Delayed Neural Networks with Discontinuous Neuron Activations

This paper considers a class of delayed neural networks with discontinuous neuron activations. Based on the theory of differential equations with discontinuous right‐hand sides, some novel sufficient conditions are derived that ensure the existence and global exponential stability of the equilibrium point. Moreover, by adopting the concept of convergence in measure, convergence behavior for the output is discussed. The obtained results are independent of the delay parameter and can be thought of as a generalization of previous results established for delayed neural networks with Lipschtz continuous neuron activations to the discontinuous case. Finally, we give a numerical example to illustrate the effectiveness and novelty of our results by comparing our results with those in the early literature.
Galaxy gas ejection in radio galaxies: the case of 3C 35

We report results from XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the nearby (z = 0.067) giant radio galaxy 3C35. We find evidence for an X-ray emitting gas belt, orthogonal to and lying between the lobes of 3C35, which we interpret as fossil-group gas driven outwards by the expanding radio lobes. We also detect weak emission from a second, more extended group-type environment, as well as inverse-Compton X-ray emission from the radio lobes. The morphological structure of the radio lobes and gas belt point to co-evolution. Furthermore, the radio source is powerful enough to eject galaxy-scale gas out to distances of 100kpc, and the ages of the two features are comparable (tsynch � 140Myr, tbelt � 80Myr). The destruction of 3C35’s atmosphere may offer clues as to how fossil systems are regulated: radio galaxies need to be of power comparable to 3C35 to displace and regulate fossil-group gas. We discuss the implications of the gas belt in 3C35 in terms of AGN fuelling and feedback.
Genetics of Parkinson Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder second to Alzheimer’s disease, affecting 1-2% of individuals over 60 years of age, with a risk that increases with age. Its phenotypic complexity, characterized by motor (resting tremor, bradikinesia, rigidity and postural instability) and non-motor (autonomic dysfunction and cognitive impairment) symptoms lead to the description of this disorder as a syndrome rather than a monolithic disease. Genetic research in the past 10 years, in particular mapping and cloning of genes which cause the inherited form of the disease, has shown that “Parkinson syndrome” is not one disease entity but rather an atherogeneous group of disorders that are associated with a spectrum of clinical and pathological changes. It is believed to be caused by the interaction of environmental factors and genetic variants acting on the stage of an aging brain. There is a growing body of evidence that genetic risk factors are of major importance in PD. So far 16 loci have been identified involved in PD. PD can be referred mostly as sporadic (90-95%) and to a lesser extent as familial (5%) Familial PD is caused by very rare highly age penetrant mutations, inherited in a Mendelian way (autosomal recessive or dominant). The biological effect of these mutations is sufficient alone for the development of the disease. Sporadic PD is a complex multifactorial disease in which very common genetic variants play a very modest role singularly while taken all together, interacting with other genes and environmental factors, they can exert an important cumulative effect leading to the development of the disease. In the last decade pathogenic mutations in five genes (SNCA, LRRK2, PRKN, DJ-1 and PINK1) have been linked to familial PD. Recently genome wide association studies, GWAS, across different populations identified other 6 loci involved in the sporadic disease (MAPT, SNCA, HLA-DRB5, BST1, GAK and LRRK2). Finally a meta-analysis of the 5 previous GWAS discovered 5 new loci in association with the idiopatic disease (ACMSD, STK39, MCCC1/LAMP3, SYT11 and CCDC62/HIP1R) (International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium, 2011)
Thermal Protection of Induction Motors Enhanced by Interactive Electrical and Thermal Models

Models are of interest to application engineers because they identify important electrical, thermal, and mechanical interactions in an induction motor. They provide a format for the parameters which must be obtained. The loading and terminal conditions can then be specified and the model state equations used to obtain the thermal limit curves and, what is more important, the time solution for current, torque, speed, and the temperatures of the rotor and stator.
On global minimizers for a variational problem with long-range interactions

Energy-driven pattern formation induced by competing short and longrange interactions is common in many physical systems. In these proceedings we report on certain rigorous asymptotic results concerning global minimizers of a nonlocal perturbation to the well-known Ginzburg-Landau/Cahn-Hilliard free energy. We also discuss two hybrid numerical methods for accessing the ground states of these functionals.
SPLINE ESTIMATION OF A SEMIPARAMETRIC GARCH MODEL

The semiparametric GARCH (Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) model of Yang (2006, Journal of Econometrics 130, 365–384) has combined the flexibility of a nonparametric link function with the dependence on infinitely many past observations of the classic GARCH model. We propose a cubic spline procedure to estimate the unknown quantities in the semiparametric GARCH model that is intuitively appealing due to its simplicity. The theoretical properties of the procedure are the same as the kernel procedure, while simulated and real data examples show that the numerical performance is either better than or comparable to the kernel method. The new method is computationally much more efficient than the kernel method and very useful for analyzing large financial time series data.
Performance of a Decoding Algorithm for LDPC Codes Based on the Concave-Convex Procedure

SUMMARY In this letter, we show the effectiveness of a double-loop algorithm based on the concave-convex procedure (CCCP)in decoding linear codes. For this purpose, we numerically compare the error performance of CCCP-based decoding algorithm with that of a conventional iterative decoding algorithm based on belief propagation (BP). We also investigate computational complexity and its relation to the error performance.
Interdisciplinary management of infantile colic

Infantile colic is one of the main reasons for consultation in pediatric gastroenterology and pediatric nutrition services. This pathology has multiple etiologies such as family dysfunction, gastrointestinal alterations, food allergies or intolerances, food imbalance and improper eating habits. It is acute, of sudden onset, and tends to disappear between 3 and 6 months of age. To date there is no consensus on the management protocols of this condition or indicators of therapeutic efficacy. Medications, dietary regimens and dietary supplements specific to this pathology (anti-colic) have been developed for some years to help address this issue. This article presents a structural review of evidence on the fundamentals and progress in the treatment of infantile colic, and compiles the characteristics of this pathology, the medical and nutritional therapeutic measures, the clinical approach and the techniques to help the patient and his family. This study seeks to provide technical tools to health professionals whose target population is children younger than 2 years of age.
The Potential of Use Lavender from Vegetable Waste as EffectiveAntibacterial and Sedative Agents

Only the flowers of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) are utilized for the medical purposes. The aim of the current study was to compare the chemical composition, concentrations of flavonoids and sesquiterpene acids in the leafy stems in two varieties of lavender oils the ‘Blue River’ (BR) and the ‘Ellegance Purple’ (EP). Their biological activity against four pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis was study. The main constituents were borneol (13.8-12.4%), and caryophyllene oxide (8.0- 8.7%). Total flavonoids content were similar in both plants, from 341 to 352 mg/100 g. The valerenic acid was from 1.08 to 0.81 mg/100 g in BR and EP, respectively. The acetoxyvalerenic acid was from 45.9 to 14.0 mg/100 g, respectively. The highest increase of S. aureus bacteria was inhibited by the activity of the essential oils from both varieties. The less effect of inhibition was noticed for Escherichia coli for both plants.