Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A free element scheme for simulating two‐ and three‐dimensional incompressible fluid flow

In this work, Free Element method (FECM) is extended to solve incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations. The momentum equations are discretized by FECM, which permits overlapped elements. Then, the velocities at midpoints are interpolated by improved Momentum Interpolation Method to avoid oscillation caused by decoupling of velocity and pressure. At last, the pressure correction equation is solved to make sure the results satisfying continuity equation. The interpolation of midpoint's velocity is proved to be independent of the under‐relaxation factor and time step size. The deferred correction is employed for utilization of higher‐order discretization of convective terms. Taylor‐Green vortex, flow over a cylinder, lid‐driven flow, cooling tunnel, and flow over airfoil are simulated. The results computed by the proposed method are compared with exact solutions and benchmark solutions, which indicates that the new method has the second order accuracy in space. What is more, the proposed method works well on random node distributions as well, which means that the method is much robust.
B‐type natriuretic peptide over N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide to predict incident atrial fibrillation after cryptogenic stroke

B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) are well‐known surrogates of atrial fibrillation (AF) detection but studies usually present data on either BNP or NT‐proBNP. The aim was to determine and directly compare the validity of the two biomarkers as a tool to predict AF and guide prolonged cardiac monitoring in cryptogenic stroke patients.
Verificação do perfilhamento de aveia branca granífera sob influência de Thidiazuron

Para que a aveia branca granifera atinja altos rendimentos, e fundamental que haja o maximo numero de perfilhos ferteis por planta, consequentemente maior numero de paniculas por area, aumentando assim as chances de incremento em produtividade. Objetivou-se avaliar o perfilhamento da cultivar de aveia branca granifera, IPR Afrodite, em resposta a diferentes doses de thiadizuron, tanto via tratamento de sementes como aplicacao foliar. Foi utilizado o regular vegetal thidiazuron via tratamento de sementes, nas doses de 0; 1; 2; 3 e 4 g ha-1, e via aplicacao foliar, nas doses 0; 1,6; 3,2; 4,5 e 6,4 g ha-1. A variavel avaliada foi o numero de perfilhos por planta aos 75 dias apos a emergencia. Os resultados permitiram concluir que as diferentes doses de thidiazuron aplicadas tanto via tratamento de sementes como tambem foliar, nao interferiram significativamente sobre o perfilhamento da aveia. Contudo, fazem-se necessarios novos estudos com diferentes doses e epocas de aplicacao a fim que de se possa verificar a corroboracao dos resultados.
Development and evaluation of new curing agents derived from glycerol for formaldehyde-free soy-based adhesives in wood composites

Abstract Three novel curing agents (I, II, and III) were synthesized from epichlorohydrin and ammonium hydroxide. The combinations of soy flour (SF) with one of the curing agents (SF-I, SF-II, and SF-III) were investigated as adhesives for making interior plywood. Water resistance tests showed that plywood panels bonded with SF-I and SF-III adhesives met the requirements of interior plywood, whereas those bonded with SF-II did not. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond strength of particleboard panels bonded with the SF-II adhesive all exceeded the corresponding minimum industrial requirements for M-2 grade particleboard.
Knockouts of Drought Sensitive Genes Improve Rice Grain Yield under both Drought and Well-Watered Field Conditions

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple food crops feeding more than half of the world’s population. One of the requirements for future sustainable rice production is to develop drought tolerant varieties. We have identified a number of drought sensitive tagged lines by screening our rice activation tagging population. Two of the sensitive lines, AH13391 and AH17392, exhibit reduced drought tolerance compared to the controls, and have a single T-DNA in a region next to an ATPase-associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA)-like gene, respectively. Constitutive overexpression of either AAA-like gene (OsAAA-1 and OsAAA-2) significantly reduced the drought tolerance, whereas knocking them out by CRISPR-Cas9 significantly increased grain yield under both drought and well-watered field conditions. Comparative analysis of different OsAAA-1-edited variations shows that the core AAA ATPase domain and the C-terminal end of OsAAA-1 protein are important for its function in drought sensitivity; and OsAAA genes may regulate drought sensitivity through interacting with other drought-stress responsive partners. Our results show that OsAAA genes play an important role in drought sensitivity and demonstrate the feasibility of improving drought tolerance by CRISPR-mediated knockouts of native rice drought sensitive genes.
Applications of beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae in rhizosphere and plant growth: A review

Because of climate change and the highly growing world population, it becomes a huge challenge to feed the whole population. To overcome this challenge and increase the crop yield, a large number of fertilizers are applied but these have many side effects. Instead of these, scientists have discovered beneficial rhizobacteria, which are environmentally friendly and may increase crop yield and plant growth. The microbial population of the rhizosphere shows a pivotal role in plant development by inducing its physiology. Plant depends upon the valuable interactions among the roots and microbes for the growth, nutrients availability, growth promotion, disease suppression and other important roles for plants. Recently numerous secrets of microbes in the rhizosphere have been revealed due to huge development in molecular and microscopic technologies. This review illustrated and discussed the current knowledge on the development, maintenance, interactions of rhizobacterial populations and various proposed mechanisms normally used by PGPR in the rhizosphere that encouraging the plant growth and alleviating the stress conditions. In addition, this research reviewed the role of single and combination of PGPR, mycorrhizal fungi in plant development and modulation of the stress as well as factors affecting the microbiome in the rhizosphere. Keywords: rhizosphere, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, mycorrhizae, nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe. 20201305.5762 Citation: Khan A, Ding Z T, Ishaq M, Khan I, Ahmed A A, Khan A Q, et al. Applications of beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae in rhizosphere and plant growth: A review. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(5):199–208.
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Escherichia coli Isolated from Children Admitted at Selected Health Care Facilities in Moshi Municipality, Tanzania

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development among Gram negative bacteria has become a significant public health threat worldwide. Currently there are fewer antimicrobials available for treatment and prevention of some of bacterial infections. Antimicrobial resistance development in some of bacterial strains undermines empirical treatment regimens, thereby limiting choice of appropriate antibiotic. As this problem continues to grow, epidemiological surveillance is warranted to generate data that is reliable to understand the distribution of AMR among healthcare settings and geographical regions. Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from children admitted at selected health care facilities in Moshi municipality, Tanzania. This was descriptive cross sectional facility based study conducted from October 2017 to April 2018. The study aimed at answering the following questions; What are the carriage rates of Escherichia coli among children admitted at selected health facilities in Moshi municipality, What is the resistance rates of Escherichia coli isolated from children against the commonly used antibiotics in Moshi Municipality and What is the prevalence of the Extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolates from children admitted at health facilities in Moshi municipality? Results: Escherichia coli were isolated from all 282 cultured archived rectal swabs and all isolates were susceptible to amikacin and meropenem. Extended spectrum beta lactamase producers were 13.1% and 86.9% were nonextended spectrum beta lactamase producers. Antimicrobial resistance was detected in 282 isolates on the commonly used antimicrobial agents: ampicillin (83%), trimethoprim (75.9%), cefuroxime (32.6%), ceftriaxone (30.1%), ceftazidime (29.4%), ciprofloxacin (27.7%), amoxicillin/clavunic (24%), gentamicin (21%), chloramphenicol (16.3%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (8.1%). All Extended spectrum beta lactamase producing isolates were resistant to Ampicillin. Conclusion: Amikacin and meropenem is still the antibiotic of choice as a second line for treatment of infections caused by Escherichia coli. Majority of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and Trimethoprim. Both ESBL and non ESBL producing Escherichia coli showed resistance to commonly used antibiotics, hence, further studies are warranted to understand mechanisms used by non ESBL producing Escherichia coli to develop resistance.
Plant volatiles as cues and signals in plant communication

Abstract Volatile organic compounds are important mediators of mutualistic interactions between plants and their physical and biological surroundings. Volatiles rapidly indicate competition or potential threat before these can take place, and they regulate and coordinate adaptation responses in neighbouring plants, fine‐tuning them to match the exact stress encountered. Ecological specificity and context‐dependency of plant–plant communication mediated by volatiles represent important factors that determine plant performance in specific environments. In this review, we synthesise the recent progress made in understanding the role of plant volatiles as mediators of plant interactions at the individual and community levels, highlighting the complexity of the plant receiver response to diverse volatile cues and signals and addressing how specific responses shape plant growth and survival. Finally, we outline the knowledge gaps and provide directions for future research. The complex dialogue between the emitter and receiver based on either volatile cues or signals determines the outcome of information exchange, which shapes the communication pattern between individuals at the community level and determines their ecological implications at other trophic levels.
Incidentes relacionados à assistência à saúde em idosos hospitalizados

Objetivo: analisar notificações de incidentes relacionados à assistência à saúde em idosos hospitalizados. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório, em um hospital público de ensino, com dados de incidentes relacionados à assistência à saúde em idosos hospitalizados, coletados por meio de formulários. Realizou-se análise exploratória e descritiva dos dados. Resultados: registraram-se 296 notificações, predominando: flebite, 28,21% (n=79); problemas relacionados a cirurgias, 19,93% (n=59); lesões de pele, 17,23% (n=5) e quedas, 13,51% (n=40). Classificou-se a maioria dos incidentes como de grau leve, 57,77% (n=171). Conclusão: encontraram-se taxas de notificações menores do que a descrita na literatura. Destaca-se, no entanto, a importância do estímulo à notificação, planejamento e execução de ações voltadas para idosos, a partir do cenário identificado. Descritores: Eventos Adversos; Segurança do Paciente; Idoso; Notificação; Serviços de Atenção ao Paciente; Enfermagem. AbstractObjective: to analyze reports of healthcare-related incidents in hospitalized elderly people. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study in a public teaching hospital, with data on healthcare-related incidents in hospitalized elderly people, collected through forms. Exploratory and descriptive analyses of the data were performed. Results: there were 296 recorded notifications, predominantly: phlebitis, 28.21% (n=79); problems related to surgeries, 19.93% (n=59); skin lesions, 17.23% (n=5) and falls, 13.51% (n=40). Most incidents were classified as mild, 57.77% (n=171). Conclusion: there were lower rates of notifications than those described in the literature. However, the importance of encouraging notification, planning and execution of actions focused on the elderly person is highlighted from the identified scenario. Descriptors: Drug-Related Adverse Events; Patient Safety; Aged; Notification; Health Service; Nursing. Resumen Objetivo: analizar informes de incidentes relacionadas a la atención en salud en ancianos hospitalizados. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio en un hospital público de enseñanza, con datos sobre incidentes relacionados a la atención em salud en ancianos hospitalizados, recogidos a través de formularios. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio y descriptivo de los datos. Resultados: se registraron 296 notificaciones, principalmente: flebitis, 28,21% (n-79); problemas relacionados con las cirugías, 19,93% (n-59); lesiones cutáneas, 17,23% (n-5) y caídas, 13,51% (n-40). La mayoría de los incidentes fue clasificada como leve, 57,77% (n-171). Conclusión: se encontraron tasas de notificaciones más bajas que las descritas en la literatura. Sin embargo, se destaca la importancia de fomentar la notificación, planificación y ejecución de las acciones dirigidas a los ancianos, desde el escenario identificado. Descriptores: Eventos Adversos; Seguridad del Paciente; Anciano; Notificación; Servicios de Atención al Paciente; Enfermería.
Prediction of the reflection intensity of natural hydroxyapatite using generalized linear model and ensemble learning methods

Laboratory data acquisition and analysis of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data involves a lot of tedious human engineering and is time‐consuming. To put in context, a summation of the material synthesis procedure leading to the analysis of the structure of the material can span several days. To curb this challenge and to enhance innovations in engineering pedagogy, this article investigates an alternative method that uses supervised learning algorithms based on ensemble techniques and a generalized linear model (GLM) for predicting reflection intensity (XRD patterns) of raw and natural hydroxyapatite under varying sintering temperature conditions given Bragg angles as input to the machine learning algorithms. For the experiment, we trained GLM and ensemble learning models (CatBoost, LightGBM, and two variants of XGBoost based on manual and genetic algorithm for tuning of the hyperparameters). The results show that most instances of the XGBoost yielded a robust performance that surpasses all other approaches, when predicting X‐ray reflection intensities ascribed to the biomaterials subjected to varying sintering temperature conditions. In addition, the results show that all the ensemble techniques significantly outperform the GLM, this indicates that the former exhibits better generalization capacity. The ensemble learning techniques and the GLM presents a reduced computational complexity.
Recent developments in heterogeneous photocatalytic water treatment using visible light-responsive photocatalysts: a review

Visible light-responsive photocatalytic technology holds great potential in water treatment to enhance purification efficiency, as well as to augment water supply through the safe usage of unconventional water sources. This review summarizes the recent progress in the design and fabrication of visible light-responsive photocatalysts via various synthetic strategies, including the modification of traditional photocatalysts by doping, dye sensitization, or by forming a heterostructure, coupled with π-conjugated architecture, as well as the great efforts made within the exploration of novel visible light-responsive photocatalysts. Background information on the fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis, the pathways of visible light-responsive photocatalysis, and the unique features of visible light-responsive photocatalysts are presented. The photocatalytic properties of the resulting visible light-responsive photocatalysts are also covered in relation to the water treatment, i.e., regarding the photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds and inorganic pollutants, as well as photocatalytic disinfection. Finally, this review concludes with a summary and perspectives on the current challenges faced and new directions in this emerging area of research.
Associations of Health Literacy, Social Media Use, and Self-Efficacy With Health Information–Seeking Intentions Among Social Media Users in China: Cross-sectional Survey

Background Empirical research has demonstrated that people frequently use social media for gathering and sharing online health information. Health literacy, social media use, and self-efficacy are important factors that may influence people’s health behaviors online. Objective We aimed to examine the associations between health literacy, health-related social media use, self-efficacy, and health behavioral intentions online. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of adults 18 years and older (n=449) to examine predictors of health-related behavioral intentions online including health literacy, social media use, and self-efficacy in China using 2 moderated mediation models. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted. Results Self-efficacy mediated the effects of health literacy (Bindirect=0.213, 95% CI 0.101 to 0.339) and social media use (Bindirect=0.023, 95% CI 0.008 to 0.045) on health behavioral intentions on social media. Age moderated the effects of health literacy on self-efficacy (P=.03), while previous experience moderated the effects of social media use on self-efficacy (P<.001). Conclusions Health literacy and health-related social media use influenced health behavioral intentions on social media via their prior effects on self-efficacy. The association between health literacy and self-efficacy was stronger among younger respondents, whereas the association between health-related social media use and self-efficacy was stronger among those who previously had positive experiences with health information on social media. Health practitioners should target self-efficacy among older populations and increase positive media experience related to health.
The mitochondrial genome of Paralimna (Paralimna) concors (Diptera: Ephydridae)

Abstract The mitogenome of Paralimna (Paralimna) concors was sequenced. The mitogenome was 16,155 bp totally, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs, and 22 transfer RNAs. The nucleotide composition biases toward A and T is 78.6％ of the entirety. All PCGs start with ATN codons except COI and ND1, and end with TAA or incomplete stop codon. Phylogenetic analyses based on 11 dipteran species supported the monophyly of Ephydroidea and the relationship of Opomyzoidea + (Ephydroidea + (Lauxanioidea + (Sphaeroceroidea + (Sciomyzoidea + Tephritoidea)))).
Temperature-insensitive refractive index of GaAsBi alloy for laser diode in WDM optical communication

We have investigated refractive index dispersion of GaAs1–xBix alloys, which are promising materials for temperature-insensitive laser diodes. With increasing the GaBi mole fraction x , the refractive index spectrum of the GaAs1–xBix alloy showed a spectral shift toward the longer wavelength side. The energy shift of the index spectrum becomes small in a sample with larger x . The thermo-optic coefficient was reduced to one third of that for GaAs by introducing GaBi of 2.6% in mole fraction. The results obtained here imply that the Bi-containing alloys are promising for distributed feedback laser diodes with temperature-insensitive lasing wavelength. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal electron transfer reactions in polar solvents

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A Catalytic and Positively Thermosensitive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer

A catalytic and positively thermosensitive molecularly imprinted polymer is reported. This unique imprinted polymer was composed of 4‐nitrophenyl phosphate‐imprinted networks that exhibited a thermosensitive interpolymer interaction between poly(2‐trifluoromethylacrylic acid) (PTFMA) and poly(1‐vinylimidazole) (PVI), which contains catalytically active sites. At a relatively low temperature (such as 20 °C), this imprinted polymer did not demonstrate significant catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of 4‐nitrophenyl acetate due to the interpolymer complexation between PVI and PTFMA, which blocked access to the active sites of PVI and caused shrinking of the polymer. Conversely, at higher temperatures (such as 40 °C), this polymer showed significant catalytic activity resulting from the dissociation of the interpolymer complexes between PVI and PTFMA, which facilitated access to the active sites of PVI and inflated the polymer. Unlike previously reported poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐based molecularly imprinted polymers, which demonstrated decreased molecular recognition and catalytic activity with increased temperatures, i.e., negatively thermosensitive molecular recognition and catalysis abilities, this imprinted polymer exploits the unique interpolymer interaction between PVI and PTFMA, enabling the reversed thermal responsiveness.
The complete chloroplast genome of Amana baohuaensis (Liliaceae)

Abstract Amana baohuaensis is a new species that was just named in 2019. Here, we obtained the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of A. baohuaensis using the Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. The cp genome has a typical quadripartite structure with 150,757 bp in length, containing a large single-copy (LSC) region of 81,757 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 16,962 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,019 bp. The total GC content is 36.73%, of which, the GC content of LSC, SSC and IR regions are 34.63%, 30.11% and 42.20%, respectively. The cp genome of A. baohuaensis contains 111 unique genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. The Maximum Parsimony (MP) phylogenetic analysis suggested that A. baohuaensis had the closest relationship with A. wanzhensis, and all Amana species grouped together with high bootstrap support.