Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation between carbon isotope discrimination and transpiration efficiency in lines of the C-4 species Sorghum bicolor in the glasshouse and the field

Transpiration efficiency, W, the ratio of plant carbon produced to water transpired and carbon isotope discrimination of leaf dry matter, Delta(d)' were measured together on 30 lines of the C-4 species, Sorghum bicolor in the glasshouse and on eight lines grown in the field. In the glasshouse, the mean W observed was 4.9 mmol C mol(-1) H2O and the range was 0.8 mmol C mol(-1) H2O The mean Delta(d) was 3.0 parts per thousand and the observed range was 0.4 parts per thousand. In the field, the mean W was lower at 2.8 mmol C mol H2O and the mean Delta(d) was 4.6 parts per thousand. Significant positive correlations between W and Delta(d) were observed for plants grown in the glasshouse and in the field. The observed correlations were consistent with theory, opposite to those for C-4 species, and showed that variation in Delta(d) was an integrated measure of long-term variation in the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 partial pressure, p(i)/p(a). Detailed gas exchange measurements of carbon isotope discrimination during CO2 uptake, Delta(A) and p(i)/p(a) were made on leaves of eight S. bicolor lines. The observed relationship between Delta(A) and p(i)/p(a) was linear with a negative slope of 3.7 parts per thousand in Delta(A) for a unit change in p(i)/p(a). The slope of this linear relationship between Delta(A) and p(i)/p(a) in C-4 species is dependent on the leakiness of the CO2 concentrating mechanism of the C pathway, We estimated the leakiness (defined as the fraction of CO2 released in the bundle sheath by C-4 acid decarboxylations, which is lost by leakage) to be 0.2. We conclude that, although variation in Delta(d) observed in the 30 lines of S. bicolor is smaller than that commonly observed in C-4 species, it also reflects variation in transpiration efficiency, W. Among the eight lines examined in detail and in the environments used, there was considerable genotype x environment interaction.
Direct Response of a Maize Synthetic to Recurrent Selection for Resistance to Stem Borers

Selection against pink stem borer (Sesamia nonagrioides Lef) (PSB) attack was performed in the maize (Zea mays L.) synthetic EPS12. The direct response of the EPS12 population to three cycles of selection to reduce tunnel length damage by PSB while maintaining yield was evaluated. S 0 (cycles of selection) and S 1 (selfed cycles of selection) generations and testcrosses to three testers were evaluated under artificial infestation with two corn borers, PSB and European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner) (ECB). Genotypes and the genotype x environment interaction were significant for tunnel length and yield. Differences among cycles of selection were significant for tunnel length, and the linear decrease for this trait (-1.80 cm cycle -1 ) achieved during selection accounted for most of these differences. Yield was not significantly reduced with selection. Inbreeding for yield significantly increased due to selection. EPS12 crossed to EP42 showed a significant increase in yield with selection, while crosses to other testers showed a nonsignificant reduction in yield. Although crosses to EP42 were not significantly different for tunnel length, the high heterosis between EPS12 and EP42 and the increased yield of EPS12 x EP42 during selection suggest that inbred lines developed from advanced cycles of EPS12 could be crossed to EP42 to generate promising hybrids. In general, resistance to PSB and ECB was improved, while yield was maintained, inbreeding was increased, and yield of the cross EP42 × EPS12 was improved.
Outage analysis for NOMA-based energy harvesting relay network with imperfect CSI and transmit antenna selection

In this study, a relay assisted m th order energy harvesting-based non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network is considered where the relay harvests energy from radio frequency signal of the source. A transmit antenna selection scheme is considered at the source under imperfect channel state information (CSI). The outage probability of m th order NOMA network is analysed and a closed-form expression of it is obtained. A comparative performance study is carried out with perfect and imperfect successive interference cancellation at the receiver. The impact of a number of antennas available at the source on outage performance and the effect of imperfect CSI on the outage performance are also presented in this work. The upper limit of the order of the NOMA network to be supported for a given threshold signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) is also estimated.
Effects of blood parasites on sexual and natural selection in the pied flycather

The occurrence of the blood parasites Haemoproteus and Trypanosoma in the pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca, was examined to test current hypotheses that parasites reduce the expression of secondary sexual traits, mating success, breeding success, and survival of infected individuals. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between male plumage brightness and Trypanosoma infection, but males infected with Haemoproteus tended to be brighter than uninfected males, partly because first-year males were less often infected than older males. Polygynous males did not have fewer parasites than monogamous males. Females did not choose uninfected males among those they had sampled. Clutch size and laying date were not related to female infection status, and the number and quality of nestlings was not related to parasite infections of either male or female parent. The ability of males to provide parental care was not related to their infection status. The return rate from one breeding season to the next of infected males was not lower than that of uninfected males. The lack of correlations between parasites and male plumage colour and female mate choice apparently do not support the Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis of sexual selection. However, the absence of demonstration of any negative effects of parasites suggests that infection status may not be a direct measure of parasite resistance, or the degree to which the host suffers. Instead, the results support the alternative view that infected individuals have demonstrated their ability to survive and to cope with the parasites, while uninfected individuals are probably not yet tested for their resistance. This points to problems in using parasite prevalences and distributions, at least of some protozoan blood parasites, for tests of Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis, even though this was done in the first test by Hamilton and Zuk and by many later researchers
Identification of Trichoderma asperellum from selected fruit plantations of Sri Lanka

Three isolates of Trichoderma asperellum (TR1, TR2, and TP3) isolated from soil samples collected from rambutan ( Nephelium lappaceum ) and pineapple ( Ananas comosus ) plantations in Sri Lanka had similar characteristics with respect to growth at different temperature, pH and media. The three isolates are reported to be antagonistic to fungal pathogens of pineapple (i.e. Thielaviopsis paradoxa ) and rambutan (i.e. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ). Analysis of genome DNA of the isolates showed that the isolated fungi were T. asperellum . This is the first report of the occurrence of T. asperellum in Sri Lanka. Keywords: Biocontrol agent, fungi, Trichoderma asperellum. J.Natn. Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2010 38 (2):125-129 Doi: Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} 10.4038/jnsfsr.v38i2. 2037
Dynamic Analysis of Sandwich Auxetic Honeycomb Plates Subjected to Moving Oscillator Load on Elastic Foundation

Based on Mindlin plate theory and finite element method (FEM), dynamic response analysis of sandwich composite plates with auxetic honeycomb core resting on the elastic foundation (EF) under moving oscillator load is investigated in this work. Moving oscillator load includes spring-elastic k and damper c. The EF with two coefficients was modelled by Winkler and Pasternak. The system of equations of motion of the sandwich composite plate can be solved by Newmark’s direct integration method. The reliability of the present method is verified through comparison with the results other methods available in the literature. In addition, the effects of structural parameters, material properties, and moving oscillator loads to the dynamic response of the auxetic honeycomb plate are studied.
Lisina digestível e zinco quelado para frangos de corte machos: desempenho e retenção de nitrogênio na fase pré-inicial

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate different levels of digestible lysine (0.90; 1.00; 1.10; 1.20; e 1.40%) combined with zinc chelate (43 and 253 ppm) to male broiler. The considered periods were: initial phase - performance (1 to 11 days old) and nitrogen retention (1 to 7 days old). A randomized block experimental design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement was used. In performance assay, 7 replications and 15 birds per experimental unit was used. In the digestibility essay, 6 replications 6 birds for experimental unit were used. The diets contained 2.960 kcal/kg ME and 21.0% crude protein. In the initial phase, there was no digestible lysine × zinc chelate interaction on performance study, however a quadratic effect of digestible lysine on final weight, weight gain, relative weight gain and crescent linear effect in feed intake was observed. In feed: gain ratio did not differ with digestible lysine level and zinc chelate in the diet. In the performance, the better digestible lysine level for broiler raised in concrete floor is 1.19%. From 1 at 7 days old, there was no influence of the combinations of digestible lysine and zinc chelate on nitrogen balance. The nitrogen retention linearly increased as digestible lysine increased in the diet. This response coincided with linear increase of weight gain and feed: gain ratio. A digestible lysine requirement for male broilers from 1 to 7 days old is equal or bigger then 1.40% for male broiler from one at seven days of age.
Effects of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles to broilers from 0 to 42 days posthatch on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, and selected intestinal characteristics

SUMMARY In this study, we evaluated the effects of feeding 0 vs. 8% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in a broiler diet during the starter and grower phases (0 to 14 to 28 d; 40 replicates/treatment) and subsequently feeding each of these a finisher diet (28 to 42 d) with either 0, 7, 14, 21, or 28% DDGS (8 replicates/treatment). During the starter phase, DDGS in the diet resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher FCR for birds. The same effect occurred in the 0- to 28-d period, along with a significant decrease in BW gain. During the finisher phase, as DDGS increased in the diet past 14%, a significant linear decrease in BW gain and feed intake was observed compared with the control. Cumulative BW gain and feed intake exhibited a similar response. Dressing percentage and breast meat yield declined in a linear manner with increasing DDGS. Increasing DDGS in the finisher-phase diet resulted in an increase in large intestine and relative gizzard weights. High levels of DDGS linearly decreased the presence of Escherichia coli in the ileum based on selective media analysis. Prefinisher × finisher interactions were observed for ileal E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes as well as for L. monocytogenes in the ceca based on selective media analysis. Distillers dried grains with solubles can be effectively incorporated into commercial broiler finisher diets up to a 42-d slaughter age at levels up to 14% of the diet.
Motility of adherent hemocytes as a potential marker of immunocompetence and immunotoxic effects in bivalves

D. Rioult,1 Y. Ben Cheikh,2 R. Peden,2 F. Bultelle,2 S. Betoulle,1 J.-M. Lebel,3 F. Le Foll2 1UMR-I 02 INERIS URCA-ULH SEBIO/Unite Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, Universite de Reims Champagne Ardenne; 2UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO/Unite Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, Universite du Havre; 3UMR BOREA «Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystemes Aquatiques», MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, Universite de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
The Influence of Social Media Advertising on Purchase Intention Through Utilitarian and Hedonic Shopping Motivation: A Study at Beauty Care and Anti-Aging Clinic Service in Surabaya

This study examines whether online advertising on social media Instagram influences purchase intention through shopping motivation. The study uses causal quantitative research methods with 110 respondents using purposive sampling techniques. The results show that Instagram social media online advertising has a positive effect on buying interest and utilitarian and hedonic shopping motivations for beauty care products and services. Hedonic motivation influences the customer's desire to buy beauty care products and services, but conversely, utilitarian motivation does not affect the interest in buying beauty care products and services. Online advertising can affect utilitarian shopping motivation but does not affect buying interest, while online advertising affects hedonic motivation and then affects customers in buying beauty care at Favourite Beauty Care Surabaya.
Human Gut-Microbiota Interaction in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Current Engineered Tools for Its Modeling

The steady increase in life-expectancy of world population, coupled to many genetic and environmental factors (for instance, pre- and post-natal exposures to environmental neurotoxins), predispose to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, whose prevalence is expected to increase dramatically in the next years. Recent studies have proposed links between the gut microbiota and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Human body is a complex structure where bacterial and human cells are almost equal in numbers, and most microbes are metabolically active in the gut, where they potentially influence other target organs, including the brain. The role of gut microbiota in the development and pathophysiology of the human brain is an area of growing interest for the scientific community. Several microbial-derived neurochemicals involved in the gut-microbiota-brain crosstalk seem implicated in the biological and physiological basis of neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Evidence supporting these connections has come from model systems, but there are still unsolved issues due to several limitations of available research tools. New technologies are recently born to help understanding the causative role of gut microbes in neurodegeneration. This review aims to make an overview of recent advances in the study of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the field of neurodegenerative disorders by: (a) identifying specific microbial pathological signaling pathways; (b) characterizing new, advanced engineered tools to study the interactions between human cells and gut bacteria.
Morphological characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus specific bacteriophage isolated from fish farms on west coast of Korea

Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus), which is one of bacterial pathogens evoking severe infection in fish and shellfish as well as in human has been found at high frequency around all coast areas in Korea. Both V. alginolyticus and V. alginolyticus specific bacteriophage were isolated from sea water and various fishes from fish farms on west coast in Korea. In a morphological study based on electron microscope, the purified phage appeared to be composed of hexagon head of 60 nm and short tail of 20 nm. In the denatured SDS-PAGE analysis, the structural proteins of the phage were found to be 7 different protein fractions ranging from 37.8 to 198 kda. The kind of nucleic acid of the phage was ascertained to a double stranded DNA.
Measurements of the magnetic properties of conduction electrons

We consider various methods and techniques that are used in experimental condensed matter physics for measuring electron magnetization and susceptibility. The list of considered methods for macroscopic measurements includes magnetomechanical, electromagnetic, modulation-type, and thermodynamic methods based on chemical potential variation measurements. We also consider local methods of magnetic measurements based on the spin Hall effect and nitrogen-substituted vacancies (NV centers). Scanning probe magnetometers–microscopes are considered, such as the magnetic resonance force microscope, SQUID microscope, and Hall microscope. The review focuses on the electron spin magnetization measurements in nonmagnetic materials and systems, particularly in low-dimensional electron systems in semiconductors and in nanosystems that have come to the forefront in recent years.
Effects of probiotics on stool frequency in term newborns

Probiotics are also defined as “live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. ” Gut microbiota promotes healthy effects on the host and prevents diseases. Probiotics have been shown to increase intestinal transit time. A present study was conducted in Shri Guru Ram Das Institute of Health Sciences and Research to evaluate the effects of probiotics on stool frequency in 150 term newborn.
Fruit Development of Peach and Japanese Pear as Affected by Destruction of the Embryo and Application of Gibberellins

The effect of gibberellins on the setting and subsequent growth of peach and Japanese pear fruits has been studied after the embryos were destroyed or the seeds were removed mechanically at different stages of fruit development.1. In the peach, 14-year-old ′Okubo′ trees were used. Among the growth regulators tested, GA3 was only effective on the fruit set and development following destruction of the embryos.2. In young stages of fruit development, that is 5 and 9 weeks after bloom, the application of GA3 to embryo-killed peach fruit resulted in 8 and 6 per cent set of the mature seedless fruit, respectively. In advanced stages, however, embryo destruction 13 weeks after bloom, with or without application of GA3, resulted in 93 and 85 per cent set of the seedless fruit at maturity.3. Injury to the fleshy pericarp without destruction of the embryo had little effect on the rate of fruit set when treated 5 and 9 weeks after bloom.4. Seed removal and gibberellin application to the cut surface of the Japanese pear fruit, cv. ′Shinseiki′ were done at five different stages of fruit development. Only GA4+7, applied as a lanolin paste to the cut surface of seed-removed fruit, was effective in sustaining further growth of the fruit when treated 3 and 5 weeks after bloom.5. At the stage of 7 weeks after bloom, however, not only GA4+7, but also GA3 application began to work effectively to sustain the treated fruit. In late stages subsequent to 9 weeks after bloom, GA3 in lanolin was more effective than G GA4+7 on maintaining the seedless fruit.6. It was also found that a large number of treated fruit were infected with rot and fruit splitting in late stages of fruit development and they abscised before ripening.
The Morphology of the Head-Muscles of a Generalized Haplochromis Species: H. Elegans Trewavas 1933 (Pisces, Cichlidae)

This paper, dealing with the morphology (viz. structure, insertion areas, direction and, to a lesser degree, shape) of the head muscles of Haplochromis elegans, is the second study in a series on the head-morphology of this generalized Haplochromis species from the East-Africa Lakes Edward and George. The shape-descriptions of the skeletal elements, given in the first paper of the series (BAREL et al., 1976), have been used for an accurate definition of the position of the muscles. As well as dissection, graphical reconstructions from serial sections were necessary for an adequate description, especially of the small and complicated branchial muscles. The aim of the series is a basic description of the head-morphology of a generalized Haplochromis species suitable for comparative studies on the functional morphology of cichlid fishes. Therefore the muscle-descriptions deal with aspects relevant to functional morphology and generally do not enter upon questions of formal comparative morphology, viz. homology and related subjects.
Performance evaluation of cetacean species distribution models developed using generalized additive models and boosted regression trees

Abstract Species distribution models (SDMs) are important management tools for highly mobile marine species because they provide spatially and temporally explicit information on animal distribution. Two prevalent modeling frameworks used to develop SDMs for marine species are generalized additive models (GAMs) and boosted regression trees (BRTs), but comparative studies have rarely been conducted; most rely on presence‐only data; and few have explored how features such as species distribution characteristics affect model performance. Since the majority of marine species BRTs have been used to predict habitat suitability, we first compared BRTs to GAMs that used presence/absence as the response variable. We then compared results from these habitat suitability models to GAMs that predict species density (animals per km2) because density models built with a subset of the data used here have previously received extensive validation. We compared both the explanatory power (i.e., model goodness of fit) and predictive power (i.e., performance on a novel dataset) of the GAMs and BRTs for a taxonomically diverse suite of cetacean species using a robust set of systematic survey data (1991–2014) within the California Current Ecosystem. Both BRTs and GAMs were successful at describing overall distribution patterns throughout the study area for the majority of species considered, but when predicting on novel data, the density GAMs exhibited substantially greater predictive power than both the presence/absence GAMs and BRTs, likely due to both the different response variables and fitting algorithms. Our results provide an improved understanding of some of the strengths and limitations of models developed using these two methods. These results can be used by modelers developing SDMs and resource managers tasked with the spatial management of marine species to determine the best modeling technique for their question of interest.
Checking and Sharing Alt-Facts

During the 2019 European elections campaign, we exposed a random sample of French voting-age Facebook users to false statements by a far-right populist party. A randomly selected subgroup was also presented with fact-checking of these statements; another subgroup was offered a choice of whether to view the fact-checking. Participants could then share these statements on their Facebook pages. We show that (i) both imposed and voluntary fact-checking reduce sharing of false statements by about 45 percent, (ii) the size of the effect is similar between imposed and voluntary fact-checking, and (iii) each additional click required to share false statements sub stantially reduces sharing. (JEL D72, D81, D91)