Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental Health and Psychosocial Needs of Patients Being Treated for Opioid Use Disorder in a Primary Care Residency Clinic

Purpose: Primary care is an ideal setting to deliver efficacious treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD). Primary care providers need to be aware of other concerns patients with OUD might have in order to provide comprehensive care. This study describes the prevalence of mental health, comorbid substance use, and psychosocial concerns of patients seeking treatment for OUD in primary care and their relation to 6-month treatment retention. Methods: Patients (N = 100; M age = 34.9 years (SD = 10.8), 74% white, 46% female) with OUD who were starting treatment with buprenorphine at an academic family medicine residency clinic completed surveys of mental health concerns (depression, anxiety, trauma), psychosocial needs (food insecurity, income, transportation, employment), and demographic variables. Chart reviews were conducted to gather information on comorbid substance use, mental health diagnoses, and 6-month treatment retention. Results: Mental health symptoms were highly prevalent in this sample (44% screened positive for anxiety, 31% for depression, and 52% for posttraumatic stress disorder). Three-quarters reported use of illicit substances other than opioids. Many patients also had significant psychosocial concerns, including unemployment (54%), low income (75%), food insecurity (51%), and lacking reliable transportation (64%). Two-thirds (67%) of the sample were retained at 6 months; patients who previously used intravenous opioids were more likely to discontinue treatment (P = .003). Conclusions: Many patients receiving treatment for OUD have significant mental health problems, comorbid substance use, and psychosocial concerns; interestingly, none of these factors predicted treatment retention at 6 months. Primary care clinics would benefit from having appropriate resources, interventions, and referrals for these comorbid issues in order to enhance overall patient well-being and promote recovery.
The life history of the rat lung-worm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen) (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae)

Adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis live in the pulmonary arteries. Unsegmented ova are discharged into the blood stream, and lodge as emboli in the smaller vessels. First-stage larvae break through into the respiratory tract, migrate up the trachea, and eventually pass out of the body in the faeces. Slugs (Agriolimax laevis) act as intermediate hosts. Two moults occur in the slug, and third-stage larvae appear about the 17th day. The larvae remain within the two cast skins until freed in the stomach of the rat by digestion. They then pass quickly along the small intestine as far as the lower ileum, where they leave the gut and become blood-borne. They congregate in the central nervous system, and have been found there 17 hr after ingestion. The anterior portion of the cerebrum is the most favoured site, and here the third moult takes place on the sixth or seventh day and the final one between the 11th and 13th days. Young adults emerge on the surface of the brain from the 12th to 14th day, and spend the next 2 weeks in the subarachnoid space. From the 28th to 31st days they migrate to the lungs via the venous system, passing through the right side of the heart to their definitive site in the pulmonary arteries. The prepatent period in the rat usually lies between 42 and 45 days.
ÜBER DIE ANFLUGDICHTE VON APHIDEN AUF FARBIGE SALATPFLANZEN 1 , 2

Blattläuse, u.a. Aphis fabae Scop, und Myzus persicae Sulz. , landen auf gelblichen und grünen Sommersalaten signifikant häufiger als auf braunblättrigen. Die Anlockwirkung im Gelb‐Grün‐Bereich wird gesteigert, wenn die Farbe der Umgebung zu der des Salates kontrastiert (nackter Erdboden, weißlich‐grüner Winterweizen), während die Hemmung des Landereizes durch rotbraune Färbung davon kaum beeinflußt wird. Wahrscheinlich erkranken braune Salate deshalb weniger an Salatmosaik als gelbe und grüne, weil die Häufigkeit der Vektorenbesuche auf ihnen herabgesetzt und damit die Gefahr einer Virusinfektion durch blattlausübertragbare Viren verringert ist.
Update on the epidemiology and genetics of myopic refractive error

While myopia is an increasingly common refractive error worldwide, its prevalence is greatest in urbanized regions in east Asia. Myopia is a complex multifactorial ocular disorder governed by both genetic and environmental factors and possibly their interplay. Evidence for a genetic role in myopia has been derived from studies of syndromal myopia, familial correlation studies and linkage analyses. More recently, candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have been utilized. However, a high proportion of the heritability of myopia remains unexplained. Most genetic discoveries have been for high myopia, with the search for genes underpinning myopia of lesser severity yielding fewer positive associations. This may soon change with the use of next-generation sequencing, as well as the use of epigenetics and proteomic approaches.
Erythropoietin prevents LPS‐induced preterm birth and increases offspring survival

Abstract Problem Preterm delivery is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and contributes to delayed physical and cognitive development in children. At present, there is no efficient therapy to prevent preterm labor. A large body of evidence suggests that infections might play a significant and potentially preventable cause of premature birth. This work assessed the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) in a murine model of inflammation‐associated preterm delivery, which mimics central features of preterm infections in humans. Method of study BALB/c mice were injected i.p. with 20 000 IU/kg EPO or normal saline twice on gestational day (GD) 15, with a 3 hours time interval between injections. An hour after the first EPO or normal saline injection, all mice received two injections of 50 μg/kg LPS, also given 3 hours apart. Results EPO significantly prevented preterm labor and increased offspring survival in an LPS induced preterm delivery model. EPO prevented LPS‐induced leukocyte infiltration into the placenta. Moreover, EPO inhibited the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in maternal serum and amniotic fluid. EPO also prevented LPS‐induced increase in placental prostaglandin (PG)E2 and uterine inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production, while decreasing nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κβ) activity in the myometrium. EPO also increased the gene expression of placental programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in LPS‐treated mice. Conclusions Our results suggest that EPO could be a potential novel therapeutic strategy to tackle infection‐related preterm labor.
Noise and spatial resolution properties of a commercially available deep-learning based CT reconstruction algorithm.

PURPOSE To characterize the noise and spatial resolution properties of a commercially available deep-learning based CT reconstruction algorithm. METHODS Two phantom experiments were performed. The first used a multi-sized image quality phantom (Mercury v3.0, Duke University) imaged at five radiation dose levels (CTDIvol : 0.9, 1.2, 3.6, 7.0, and 22.3 mGy) with a fixed tube current technique on a commercial CT scanner (GE Revolution CT). Images were reconstructed with conventional (FBP), iterative (GE ASiR-V), and deep-learning based (GE True Fidelity) reconstruction algorithms. Noise power spectrum (NPS), high-contrast (air-polyethylene interface), and intermediate-contrast (water-polyethylene interface) task transfer functions (TTF) were measured for each dose level and phantom size and summarized in terms of average noise frequency (fav ) and frequency at which the TTF was reduced to 50% (f50% ), respectively. The second experiment used a custom phantom with low-contrast rods and lung texture sections for the assessment of low-contrast TTF and noise spatial distribution. The phantom was imaged at 5 dose levels (CTDIvol : 1.0, 2.1, 3.0, 6.0, and 10.0 mGy) with 20 repeated scans at each dose, and images reconstructed with the same reconstruction algorithms. The local noise stationarity was assessed by generating spatial noise maps from the ensemble of repeated images and computing a noise inhomogeneity index, ƞ, following AAPM TG233 methods. All measurements were compared among the algorithms. RESULTS Compared to FBP, noise magnitude was reduced on average (± one standard deviation) by 74±6% and 68±4% for ASiR-V (at "100%" setting) and True Fidelity (at "High" setting), respectively. The noise texture from ASiR-V had substantially lower noise frequency content with 55±4% lower NPS fav compared to FBP while True Fidelity had only marginally different noise frequency content with 9±5% lower NPS fav compared to FBP. Both ASiR-V and True Fidelity demonstrated locally non-stationary noise in a lung texture background at all radiation dose levels, with higher noise near high-contrast edges of vessels and lower noise in uniform regions. At the 1.0 mGy dose level ƞ values were 314% and 271% higher in ASiR-V and True Fidelity compared to FBP, respectively. High-contrast spatial resolution was similar between all algorithms for all dose levels and phantom sizes (<3% difference in TTF f50% ). Compared to FBP, low-contrast spatial resolution was lower for ASiR-V and True Fidelity with a reduction of TTF f50% of up to 42% and 36%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The deep-learning based CT reconstruction demonstrated a strong noise magnitude reduction compared to FBP while maintaining similar noise texture and high-contrast spatial resolution. However, the algorithm resulted in images with a locally non-stationary noise in lung textured backgrounds and had somewhat degraded low-contrast spatial resolution similar to what has been observed in currently available iterative reconstruction techniques.
Interleukin‐1β upregulates functional expression of neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK‐1R) via NF‐κB in astrocytes

Cytokines and neuropeptides are modulators of neuroimmunoregulation in the central nervous system (CNS). The interaction of these modulators may have important implications in CNS diseases. We investigated whether interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) modulates the expression of neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK‐1R), the primary receptor for substance P (SP), a potent neuropeptide in the CNS. IL‐1β upregulated NK‐1R expression in human astroglioma cells (U87 MG) and primary rat astrocytes at both mRNA and protein levels. IL‐1β treatment of U87 MG cells and primary rat astrocytes led to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in response to SP stimulation, indicating that IL‐1β‐induced NK‐1R is functional. CP‐96,345, a specific non‐peptide NK‐1R antagonist, inhibited SP‐induced rise of [Ca2+]i in the astroglioma cells. Investigation of the mechanism responsible for IL‐1β action revealed that IL‐1β has the ability of activating nuclear factor‐κb (NF‐κB). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a specific inhibitor of NF‐κB activation, not only abrogated IL‐1β‐induced NF‐κB promoter activation, but also blocked IL‐1β‐mediated induction of NK‐1R gene expression. These findings provide additional evidence that there is a biological interaction between IL‐1β and the neuropeptide SP in the CNS, which may have important implications in the inflammatory diseases in the CNS. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the Rice Floral Organ Number Mutant fon3

: A spontaneous rice mutant named floral organ number 3 (fon3) had major mutations in floral organ numbers. Genetic analysis indicated that fon3 acted as a single recessive gene. Microscopic observation showed that the number of floral organs in fon3 increased centripetally. For example, the number of pistils was the more frequently increased than organs in the outer whorls. Homeotic conversion of lodicules and glumes into palea/lemma-like organs was observed in some flowers. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that the size of flower meristems was maintained the same or similar until the lemma primordium started to differentiate, at which time the floral meristem became enlarged, suggesting abnormal development of the inner whorls of rice florets. The relationship of fon3 with other similar rice mutants is discussed. ( Managing editor: Li-Hui ZHAO)
The measurement of lipase activity in oat products

The lipase present in oats is only partially inactivated by the kilning process used for the manufacture of oatmeal, and the residual lipase sometimes causes considerable trouble because of its action in the meal when stored or when used in dough for oatcakes or biscuits. This hydrolytic activity can be almost completely eliminated in the mill by appropriate heat treatment, but a rapid test was required for assessing the success of such treatment. A suitable method is described based on the rapid rates of fat hydrolysis found in doughs of 30–40% moisture content. A few meals show anomalous behaviour when stored at 6–12% moisture content, but these can be detected by a modification which is suggested as a second and additional test for meals showing low but positive activity in dough.
Discussion on the submarine eruption and emplacement of the Lower Rhyolitic Tuff Formation (Ordovician), North Wales

G. Orton writes: In a recent paper outlining the eruption and emplacement of the mid-Ordovician Lower Rhyolitic Tuff Formation (LRTF), Howells et al. (1986) invoke water depths of up to 500 m for the initial eruptions and a shallow marine environment for the second (main) phase of caldera development. Whilst not doubting that the second phase occurred in a shallow marine environment, I question their evidence for the initial phase submarine eruptions in considerable depths of water. The water depths associated with these initial eruptions have important implications regarding the formation of subaqueous welded ash flow tuffs. The principal arguments of Howells et al. are the presence of marine sedimentary rocks and subaqueously emplaced basaltic lavas immediately subjacent to the LRTF, as well as the absence of significant Plinian fallout tuffs beneath ash flow deposits which they suggested may be a consequence of the suppression of the eruption column in substantial depths of water. With regard to the depositional environments of the subjacent strata, the LRTF largely rests directly on the Pitts Head Tuff (PHT) to the SW of Snowdon. The absence of any intercalated sediments from Moel Hebog to Cwm Llan (Fig. l), a distance of 10 km, suggests that this area was subaerial. The lack of significant erosion channels in the top of the PHT, such as one observes above subaerial ash flow tuffs on Tenerife would be a function of both the pervasive welding of the PHT and the absence of any significant intra-basinal topography; most pyroclastic volcanic fields are
Reply to Discussion on ‘Tectonic and environmental controls on Palaeozoic fluvial environments: reassessing the impacts of early land plants on sedimentation’ Journal of the Geological Society, London, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2016-063

We thank Davies et al. (2017) for their comments and welcome the opportunity to further discuss the role of early land plants in fluvial environments. Critically, Davies et al. (2017) note that although testable hypotheses exist for the possible role of early land plants they remain untested, and thus there is correlation (between an increase in meandering systems and early plants) without any mechanistic causation. In our paper (Santos et al. 2017) we challenged this causation, offering an alternative mechanism for increasing meandering channels based on a unique set of tectonic and environmental controls. It is important to be clear that Santos et al. (2017) focused on this meandering transition and the possible role of early land plants. Davies et al. (2017) conflate our comments regarding the impacts of early land-plant evolution with the longer-term influence of vegetation; there is little doubt over the longer-term role played by vegetation, particularly in stabilizing deeply rooted soils. Fluvial sedimentary successions are strongly influenced by tectonics, climate, sediment flux and sea level, and we question whether early land plants of limited size and restricted occurrence were able to dominate over such controls during terrestrialization (see Leeder 2007). We maintain our principal argument that a series of abiotic factors conspired to induce a worldwide increase in the proportion of meandering rivers, which in turn favoured development of an environment appropriate for land-plant evolution and colonization of the continents.
A Novel Unconditionally Stable PSTD Method Based on Weighted Laguerre Polynomial Expansion

A novel unconditionally stable pseudo-spectral time-domain (US-PSTD) method is implemented by virtue of a weighted Laguerre polynomial expansion. This novel algorithm preserves both unconditional stability and less mandatory spatial resolution, and hence is proved to be an efficient and accurate method. Numerical examples are included to validate the proposed algorithm.
Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae): Parasitism by Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Cabbage

Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov was evaluated as a potential biological control agent for diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), in cabbage in spring 1993 and 1994. The parasitoids were reared in a commercial insectary in Texas, delivered overnight via air express, and released 24-48 h after receipt in cabbage fields in Northeast Florida. In 1993, only adult parasitoids were released, but adults and cocoons were released in 1994. The numbers of C. plutellae released ranged from 456 per ha per wk in 1993 to 1,334 per ha per wk in 1994. Four consecutive releases were made each year beginning in early February. Parasitism of diamondback moth larvae by C. plutellae ranged from 3.6 to 10.9%, and the level of parasitism was related to the total numbers of parasitoids released. C. plutellae parasitoids were complimentary to the naturally occurring parasitoid Diadegma insulare (Cresson), and the combined mean seasonal parasitism of diamondback moth exceeded 34% in some fields. There was no evidence that C. plutellae became established in the general area although > 124,000 parasitoids were released over the 2-year test period.
Studies of Gymnomyzinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), V: A Revision of the Shore-Fly Genus Mosillus Latreille

Mathis, Wayne N. , Tadeusz Zatwarnicki, and Marina G. Krivosheina. Studies of Gymnomyzinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), V: A Revision of the Shore-Fly Genus Mosillus Latreille. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 548, 38 pages, 89 figures, 3 tables, 1993. —Species of Mosillus, which now number six, are revised. The following new species is described (type locality in parentheses): Mosillus asiaticus (China. Gansu: Ruo shui, S. Alashan', Gobi). The monophyly of Mosillus within the tribe Gymnomyzini is demonstrated, and a hypothetical phylogeny of the included species is generated from a matrix of 13 characters. From this phylogeny, a classification of two species groups, the tibialis and subsultans groups, is proposed and diagnosed. Species of the tibialis group occur in the New World and those of the subsultans group in the Old World. Maps, keys to subgenera and species, detailed distributional data, and illustrations (scanning electron micrographs, line, and scratchboard drawings) are provided to assist in the identification of the species. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mathis, Wayne N. Studies of the Gymnomyzinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), V: a revision of the shore-fly genus Mosillus Latreille / Wayne N. Mathis, Tadeusz Zatwarniclri, and Marina G. Krivosheina. rx cm. —(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 548) Includes bibliographical references (p.). 1. Mosillus-Classification. I. Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz. II. Krivosheina, Marina G. III. Title. IV. Title: Gymnomyzinae. V. Series. QL1.S54 no. 548 [QL537.E7] 591 s-dc20 [595.77"4] 93-24454 ® The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984.
A Review of the Family Portulacaceae

A number of attributes that has proved useful to delimit subfamilial taxa within the Portulacaceae are critically assessed and some little used ones are introduced. The attributes are polarised by an outgroup comparison and a Wagner tree constructed. Some reversals which occur on this tree are considered unacceptable and branches are moved to eliminate this factor, although a longer tree, in terms of character state changes, is produced. A phylogenetic sequence is proposed on this basis and a new classification of the family attempted. On the basis of these results it is suggested that: (1) the genus Calandrinia s.1. be divided into five genera; (2) the genera Talinaria and Anacampseros are closely related; (3) Talinum may not be a natural genus; (4) the family can be conveniently divided into five tribes. A biogeographical analysis indicates that closer floristic relationships exist between western America and Australia and between eastern America and Africa than between eastern and western America or between Australia and Africa.
Low conductances for CO2 diffusion from stomata to the sites of carboxylation in leaves of woody species

Concurrent measurements of leaf gas exchange and on-line 13C discrimination were used to evaluate the CO2 conductance to diffusion from the stomatal cavity to the sites of carboxylation within the chloroplast (internal conductance; gi). When photon irradiance was varied it appeared that gi and/or the discrimination accompanying carboxylation also varied. Despite this problem, gi, was estimated for leaves of peach (Prunus persica), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lemon (C. limon) and macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) at saturating photon irradiance. Estimates for leaves of C. paradisi, C. limon and M. integrifolia were considerably lower than those previously reported for well-nourished herbaceous plants and ranged from 1.1 to2. 2μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 Pa−1, whilst P. persica had a mean value of 3.5 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 Pa−1. At an ambient CO2 partial pressure of 33Pa, estimates of chloroplastic partial pressure of CO2 (Cc) using measurements of CO2 assimilation rate (A) and calculated values of gi, and of partial pressure of CO2 in the stomatal cavity (Cst) were as low as 11.2 Pa for C. limon and as high as 17.8Pa for peach. In vivo maximum rubisco activities (Vmax) were also determined from estimates of Cc. This calculation showed that for a given leaf nitrogen concentration (area basis) C. paradisi and C. limon leaves had a lower Vmax than P. persica, with C. paradisi and C. limon estimated to have only 10% of leaf nitrogen present as rubisco. Therefore, low CO2 assimilation rates despite high leaf nitrogen concentrations in leaves of the evergreen species examined were explained not only by a low Cc but also by a relatively low proportion of leaf nitrogen being used for photosynthesis. We also show that simple one-dimensional equations describing the relationship between leaf internal conductance from stomatal cavities to the sites of carboxylation and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) can lead to errors in the estimate of gi. Potential effects of heterogeneity in stomatal aperture on carbon isotope discrimination may be particularly important and may lead to a dependence of gi upon CO2 assimilation rate. It is shown that for any concurrent measurement of A and Δ, the estimate of Cc is an overestimate of the correct photosynthetic capacity-weighted value, but this error is probably less than 1.0 Pa.