Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of Glycosaminoglycans during Cornea 1 Development

Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis was studied in developing chick corneas, with particular attention paid to keratan sulfate I, the major glycosaminoglycan of this tissue. This polysaccharide is unique to the cornea and may be required for the development and maintenance of cornea1 transparency. Corneas from 5. to 20-day chick embryos were labeled in uitro with D[6-3H]glucosamine and H2”S0,, and the amount of label in each glycosaminoglycan was determined. The data indicate that, contrary to previous suggestions, keratan sulfate biosynthesis in the cornea begins at the time of fibroblast invasion of the primary stroma, at least 8 days prior to the onset of cornea1 transparency, which occurs on Day 14 of development in the chick. The rate of incorporation of radioactivity into keratan sulfates, on a dry weight basis, increases rapidly after Day 6 and levels off on Day 14. The proportion of 3H and ass in keratan sulfate reaches nearly maximal levels as early as Day 9. In contrast, the proportion of radioactivity in cornea1 heparan sulfates declines rapidly after Day 5. However, the rate of incorporation of radioactivity into heparan sulfates, on a dry weight basis, increases or remains the same during early development. On and after Day 14, keratan sulfates appear to become more highly sulfated. Moreover, the ratios of 4-sulfated to 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfates increase during development, reaching a maximum on Day 14. These changing patterns of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis during cornea1 development may play an important role in cornea1 morphogenesis and the achievement of cornea1 transparency.
Analysis and Design of a Zero-Current Switching Forward Converter With Simple Auxiliary Circuit

In this paper, a new zero-current switching pulse width modulation forward converter is introduced using a new switching algorithm for the auxiliary circuit. In the proposed converter, transformer core is reset through a resonance, and thus, reset winding is not required which is the main advantage of this converter over existing zero-current switching forward converters. The simple auxiliary circuit of this converter is just composed of an auxiliary switch and a capacitor that provides zero-current switching for the main switch and also resets the transformer core. Furthermore, the proposed auxiliary circuit uses the leakage inductance of the transformer for the resonant inductor and does not require any additional inductor which is another advantage of the proposed converter over conventional zero-current switching forward converters. Also, the auxiliary switch is soft switched. The proposed converter is analyzed and design procedure of the auxiliary circuit is discussed. The presented experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis.
The mycotoxin definition reconsidered towards fungal cyclic depsipeptides

ABSTRACT Currently, next to the major classes, cyclic depsipeptides beauvericin and enniatins are also positioned as mycotoxins. However, as there are hundreds more fungal cyclic depsipeptides already identified, should these not be considered as mycotoxins as well? The current status of the mycotoxin definition revealed a lack of consistency, leading to confusion about what compounds should be called mycotoxins. Because this is of pivotal importance in risk assessment prioritization, a clear and quantitatively expressed mycotoxin definition is proposed, based on data of widely accepted mycotoxins. Finally, this definition is applied to a set of fungal cyclic depsipeptides, revealing that some of these should indeed be considered as mycotoxins.
Shaping Diverted Plasmas With Symplectic Maps

We construct an area preserving and integrable map to represent magnetic surfaces with triangularity in single-null divertor tokamaks. The magnetic surfaces obtained by the map can assume different asymmetric geometries and the position of X-point, through the choices of values for some free parameters. The safety factor profile is independent of the geometric parameters and can also be chosen arbitrarily. We combine the divertor integrable map with a nonintegrable map that simulates the effect of external magnetostatic perturbations. The application of this methodology permits to obtain the escape patterns of magnetic field lines on the divertor plates.
Leakage suppression of gated diodes fabricated under low-temperature annealing with substitutional carbon Si/sub 1-y/C/sub y/ incorporation

We have demonstrated the fabrication of n/sup +/-p gated diodes using low-temperature annealing of 700/spl deg/C for 30 s with a significantly reduced junction leakage current. This is achieved with the incorporation of an epitaxially grown Si/sub 1-y/C/sub y/(y=0.0007) layer in the substrate located at the end-of-range (EOR) of arsenic implantations. The carbon devices show effectively suppressed EOR defects in the cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images and leakage characteristics similar to the controlled silicon device fabricated under high-temperature annealing of 950/spl deg/C for 30 s. Arrhenius measurement of the leakage profiles has indicated identical leakage mechanism for both the pure silicon and carbon devices, thus signifying the substantial elimination of the secondary EOR defects resulted from the implantations despite the low-temperature annealing of the latter.
Gender classification based on multi-classifiers fusion for Human-Robot interaction

In the robotic area, robot will take some actions depending on gender or person. For example, according to gender, robot can change different listening-modes for voice recognition to improve recognition accuracy. Besides, we can recognize face based on gender to change predicting model from male or female database. Therefore, we develop a Human-Robot interaction through gender recognition. In this paper, we adopt multiple classifiers based on support vector machine to recognize gender in low-resolution facial images (36-by-36 pixels); because fusing multiple classifiers usually promises higher classification accuracy than using individual classifier. Therefore, we conduct our research on comparing bootstrap aggregating (Bagging) and Adaboost. In conclusion, we find Adaboost with image pixels as input indeed facilitates the gender classification.
Disziplinen der Produktentwicklung aus der Perspektive des angelsächsischen Raums

Disziplinen der Produktentwicklung aus der Perspektive des angelsächsischen Raums Book Section How to cite: Eckert, Claudia and Schadewitz, Nicole (2011). Disziplinen der Produktentwicklung aus der Perspektive des angelsächsischen Raums. In: Banse, Gerhard and Fleischer, Lutz-Günther eds. Wissenschaft im Kontext. Interund Transdisziplinarität in Theorie und Praxis. Abhandlungen der Leibniz-Sozietät der Wissenschaften, Bd. 27 (27). Berlin: trafo wissenschaft verlag.
A New FOC Approach of Induction Motor Drive Using DTC Strategy for the Minimization of CMV

This paper presents a New FOC Approach of Induction Motor Drive using DTC Strategy for the Minimization of CMV (common mode voltage) with the switching tables for the generation of PWM signals. High performance induction motor drives require a better transient and steady state performance. To achieve high performance, there are two control strategies namely, field oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) for induction motor drives. Though these two methods give better transient performance, the FOC needs reference frame transformations and DTC gives large steady state ripples. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper presents a novel FOC algorithm for induction motor drives, which combines the principles of both FOC and DTC. The proposed method uses a predetermined switching table instead of a much more time consuming pulse width modulation (PWM) procedure. This approach gives a quick torque response like DTC and gives reduced ripple like FOC. The switching table is based on the conventional DTC principle, which gives good performance with reduced common mode voltage variations. To validate the proposed method numerical simulations have been carried out and compared with the existing algorithms. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
THE “ OFFICIAL PAPER ” ON OFFICIAL SPONSORSHIPS : THE IMPACT OF MAJOR LEAGUE SPORTS OFFICIAL SPONSORSHIP ANNOUNCEMENTS ON THE STOCK PRICES OF SPONSORING FIRMS

This study presents the first formal analysis of the impact of “official product” or “official service” sports sponsorships of the National Football League (NLF), Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Hockey League (NHL), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the Professional Golfers’ Association (PGA) on the stock prices of sponsoring firms. The primary finding of the study—that major league official sponsorship announcements were accompanied by economically and statistically significant increases in shareholder wealth—represents a striking and unambiguous stock market endorsement of the sponsorships. Indeed, the 53 sponsors analyzed in this study experienced mean increases in shareholder wealth of between $123 million and $558 million, net of all of the costs expected to be associated with the sponsorships. A multiple regression analysis of firm-specific stock price changes and select corporate and sponsorship attributes indicates that official product or service sponsorships with the NBA, NHL, and PGA and those with smaller product/service market shares were associated with the largest gains in share prices. While corporate cash flow (a proxy for agency conflicts within a firm) is statistically unrelated to shareholder approval, sponsorships by high technology companies were associated with stronger stock price reactions than otherwise (a variable shown in previous research to be consistent with corporate signaling). Finally, product or service “congruence” or “relatedness” with the overall sporting experience was positively related to changes in stock prices at the time of announcement of the official sponsorships.
Homozygous hereditary C1q deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus. A new family and the molecular basis of C1q deficiency in three families.

OBJECTIVE To describe a new kindred with Clq deficiency and to identify the molecular lesions responsible for complete functional C1q deficiency in this and 2 other previously described kindreds. METHODS The A-, B-, and C-chain genes of C1q were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. The DNA sequence was checked for mutations. RESULT Patient 1 had a homozygous G-to-A change at codon 6 of the C chain, causing an amino acid change from Gly to Arg. Patient 2 had a homozygous deletion of a C nucleotide at codon 43 of the C-chain, causing a frame shift, leading to a premature stop codon at codon 108. Patient 3 had a homozygous C-to-T mutation at amino acid position 41 of the C chain, resulting in a premature stop codon. CONCLUSION In the homozygous state, the mutations are sufficient to cause complete deficiency of Clq. The mutation in patient 1 has been previously reported in a patient of different ethnic origin. A survey of a series of 158 DNA samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus showed no other examples of this mutant allele.
IQGAP1 Promotes Cell Motility and Invasion*

The dynamic processes of cell migration and invasion are largely coordinated by Rho family GTPases. The scaffolding protein IQGAP1 binds to Cdc42, increasing the amount of active Cdc42 both in vitro and in cells. Here we show that overexpression of IQGAP1 in mammalian cells enhances cell migration in a Cdc42- and Rac1-dependent manner. Importantly, cell motility was significantly decreased both by knock down of endogenous IQGAP1 using small interfering RNA and by transfection of a dominant negative IQGAP1 construct, IQGAP1ΔGRD. Cell invasion was similarly altered by manipulating intracellular IQGAP1 concentrations. Moreover, invasion mediated by constitutively active Cdc42 was attenuated by IQGAP1ΔGRD. Thus, IQGAP1 has a fundamental role in cell motility and invasion.
INACTIVATION OF LAMBDA PHAGE WITH 658 nm LIGHT USING A DNA BINDING PORPHYRIN SENSITIZER

Exposure of lambda phage to 658 nm light in the presence of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis‐(1‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl)‐21H,23H‐prphine, tetra‐p‐tosylate leads to complete (< 7 logs) inactivation as measured by the plaque assay. The sensitizer without light and 658 nm photolysis of lambda phage in the absence of sensitizer do not lead to a measurable decrease in viral inactivity. Viral inactivation is not dependent upon the presence of oxygen.
The Relevance of T‐Type Calcium Antagonists: A Profile of Mibefradil

L‐ and T‐type voltage‐dependent transmembrane calcium channels are important for normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. T‐type channels are a heterogeneous group, and have physiologic and pathophysiologic relevance in a number of organ systems, including the heart and central nervous system. They appear to be involved in the control of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and in protection from ischemic damage. Alterations of both L‐ and T‐type calcium channels are involved in the development of hypertension. Pharmacologic modulation of T‐type calcium channels appears to reduce membrane calcium flux and ameliorate hypertension. During early ischemic damage, T‐type calcium channels appear to remain functional whereas L‐type channels are already inactivated. T‐type calcium channels also appear to be involved in the development of supraventricular arrhythmias, some forms of arrhythmias in cardiomyopathy, and cardiac hypertrophy. The heterogeneity of T‐type calcium channels should make it possible to target drugs to specific subgroups of T‐type calcium channels. A new class of calcium antagonist, the benzimidazolyl‐substituted tetraline derivatives, has been shown to block both L‐ and T‐type calcium channels. The first member of this class approved for clinical use is mibefradil. Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of mibefradil in lowering blood pressure and as an antianginal and antiischemic agent. At clinically recommended doses, mibefradil has a heart rate lowering effect without a negative inotropic effect, and a favorable side effect profile. Because it is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 pathway, it should be used cautiously with other agents similarly metabolized.
Brain Stem Infarction : Clinical Clues to Localise Them

Brain stem infarcts are less common than hemispheric infarcts but it is often difficult to localise them exactly to a particular vascular territory. With knowledge of their clinical features and some neuroopthalmological signs that they may have, the physician’s ability to localise them to an anatomical site and vascular territory may be improved. When one is faced with a patient with varied clinical signs and symptoms and where a stroke is suspected, one of the first important things to be done, is to find out whether he has a hemispheric infarct or a brain stem infarct. There are some pointers such as some special clinical features associated with strokes of individual varieties and the knowledge of brain stem anatomy which would help physicians distinguish one set from the other. The second important thing, in the diagnosis of brain stem strokes, is to determine the site of the occlusion and the l ikely pathogenetic mechanism underlying it. The third thing one may be required to do, is to determine whether infarcts have occurred at multiple levels in the brain stem or not, because multiple level infarcts are not easy to localise.
Altering dietary nutrient intake that reduces glycogen content leads to phosphorylation of nuclear p38 MAP kinase in human skeletal muscle: association with IL‐6 gene transcription during contraction

To determine the effect of glycogen availability and contraction on intracellular signaling and IL‐6 gene transcription, eight males performed 60 min of exercise on two occasions: either with prior ingestion of a normal (Con) or low carbohydrate (LCHO) diet that reduced pre‐exercise muscle glycogen content. Muscle biopsies were obtained and analyzed for IL‐6 mRNA. In addition, nuclear proteins were isolated from the samples and analyzed for the mitogen‐ activated protein kinases (MAPK) c‐jun amino‐terminal kinase (JNK) 1 and 2 and p38 MAPK. Nuclear fractions were also analyzed for the phosphorylated forms of JNK (p‐JNK) and p38 MAPK (p‐ p38 MAPK) and the abundance of the nuclear transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and nuclear factor kappa‐β (NF‐κβ). No differences were observed in the protein abundance of total JNK 1/2, p38 MAPK, NFAT, or NF‐κβ before exercise, but the nuclear abundance of p‐p38 MAPK was higher (P<0.05) in LCHO. Contraction resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in nuclear p‐JNK 1/2, but there were no differences when comparing CON with LCHO. The fold increase in IL‐6 mRNA with contraction was potentiated (P<0.05) in LCHO. A correlation between pre‐exercise nuclear phosphorylated p38 MAPK and contraction‐induced fold increase in IL‐6 mRNA was performed, revealing a highly significant correlation (r=0.96; P<0.01). We next incubated L6 myotubes in ionomycin (a compound known to induce IL‐6 mRNA) with or without the pyridinylimidazole p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Treatments did not affect total nuclear p38 MAPK, but ionomycin increased (P<0.05) both nuclear p‐p38 MAPK and IL‐6 mRNA. The addition of SB203580 to ionomycin decreased (P<0.05) nuclear p‐ p38 MAPK and totally abolished (P<0.05) the ionomycin‐ induced increase in IL‐6 mRNA. These data suggest that reduced carbohydrate intake that results in low intramuscular glycogen leads to phosphorylation of p38 MAPK at the nucleus. Furthermore, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in the nucleus appears to be an upstream target for IL‐6, providing new insights into the regulation of IL‐6 gene transcription.
A development of a 3-phase power factor corrected 5.4 kW rectifier module

A 3-phase power factor corrected rectifier module has been developed. For the developed module, 3-phase PFC stage controlled by DSP and DC-DC converter stage are connected in series. A 5.4 kW module in which the input is 3-phase 380 VAC built and tested it. Finally, the measured THD and efficiency of the rectifier module were presented and the maximum efficiency of 92% at full load was obtained.
Northern region landbird monitoring program: a program designed to monitor more than long-term population trends

The Northern Region Landbird Monitoring Program (NRLMP) has been in place for nearly a decade and is designed to allow us to track population trends of numerous landbird species, while at the same time allowing us to investigate the effects of various kinds of land use activity on the occurrence, abundance, or demographics of numerous landbird species. We conduct pointcount bird surveys biennially at about 350 permanently marked 10-point roadside transects that have been positioned in a geographically stratified fashion throughout USFS lands in northern Idaho and Montana. On alternate years we conduct more focused land-use effects studies entailing the use of replicated treatment and control plots. Habitat relationships derived from the combination of bird and vegetation information surrounding the permanently marked points and from the short-term, management-oriented monitoring protocol have generated the most support for the monitoring program within the USFS. Generating financial support from potential partners has been the most difficult obstacle to expansion beyond USFS lands, but many of those who were resistant early on are beginning to realize the power of birds as monitoring tools, and are starting to join forces to develop a more comprehensive statewide monitoring plan.
Withdrawn: Severe ataxia with neuropathy in hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis

Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (AGel amyloidosis) is a systemic disorder caused by a G654A or G654T gelsolin mutation, reported from Europe, North America, and Japan. Principal clinical signs are corneal lattice dystrophy, cutis laxa and cranial neuropathy, often deleterious at advanced age. Peripheral neuropathy, if present, is usually mild. We report a 78- year old male Finnish patient who presented with ataxia and mainly sensory peripheral polyneuropathy (PNP) signs, causing severe disability and ambulation loss. Electrophysiological studies showed severe generalized chronic mainly axonal sensorimotor PNP with facial paralysis. In magnetic resonance imaging proximal lower limb and axial muscle atrophy with fatty degeneration as well as moderate spinal cord atrophy were seen. A G654A gelsolin mutation was demonstrated but no other possible causes of his disability were found. At age 79 he became bedridden and died of pulmonary embolism. Neuropathological examination revealed marked gelsolin amyloid deposition at vascular and connective tissue sites along the entire length of the peripheral nerves extending to the spinal nerve roots, associated with severe degeneration of nerve fibers and posterior columns. Our report shows that advanced AGel amyloidosis due to degeneration of central and distal sensory nerve projections results in deleterious ataxia with fatal outcome. Severe posterior column atrophy may reflect radicular AGel deposition, although even altered gelsolin – actin interactions in neural cells possibly contribute to neurodegeneration with successive ataxia in carriers of a G654A gelsolin mutation.
Vibration control of a flexible aerial refuelling hose with input saturation

ABSTRACT In this study, we consider a boundary control problem of a flexible aerial refuelling hose in the presence of input saturation. To provide an accurate and concise representation of the hose's behaviour, the flexible hose is modelled as a distributed parameter system described by partial differential equations (PDEs). By using the backstepping method, a boundary control scheme is proposed based on the original PDEs to regulate the hose's vibration. An auxiliary system based on a smooth hyperbolic function and a Nussbaum function is designed to handle the effect of the input saturation. Then based on Lyapunov's direct method, the state of the system is proven to converge to a small neighbourhood of zero by appropriately choosing design parameters. Finally, the results are illustrated using numerical simulations for control performance verification.
GATA2 functions at multiple steps in hemangioblast development and differentiation

Molecular mechanisms that regulate the generation of hematopoietic and endothelial cells from mesoderm are poorly understood. To define the underlying mechanisms, we compared gene expression profiles between embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived hemangioblasts (Blast-Colony-Forming Cells, BL-CFCs) and their differentiated progeny, Blast cells. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that BL-CFCs resembled other stem cell populations. A role for Gata2, one of the BL-CFC-enriched transcripts, was further characterized by utilizing the in vitro model of ES cell differentiation. Our studies revealed that Gata2 was a direct target of BMP4 and that enforced GATA2 expression upregulated Bmp4, Flk1 and Scl. Conditional GATA2 induction resulted in a temporal-sensitive increase in hemangioblast generation, precocious commitment to erythroid fate, and increased endothelial cell generation. GATA2 additionally conferred a proliferative signal to primitive erythroid progenitors. Collectively, we provide compelling evidence that GATA2 plays specific, contextual roles in the generation of Flk-1+ mesoderm, the Flk-1+Scl+ hemangioblast, primitive erythroid and endothelial cells.