Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Queijo tipo minas frescal com derivados de soja: características físicas, químicas e sensoriais

Nove provadores selecionados e treinados avaliaram a aparencia, aroma, sabor e textura de tres formulacoes de queijo tipo minas frescal (tradicional, com extrato hidrossoluvel de soja em po (PS-60) e coalho bovino e com PS-60 e coagulante microbiano). O queijo tradicional caracterizou-se pela aparencia de umidade e de sabor coalhada. O queijo com PS-60 elaborado com coalho bovino apresentou cor creme e gosto amargo e a amostra com coagulante microbiano mostrou maior aroma soja. As caracterizacoes instrumentais das tres formulacoes de queijo foram desenvolvidas atraves da analise do perfil de textura (TPA) utilizando um texturometro TA-XT2i Stable Micro System e, para a analise de cor, utilizou-se um aplicativo computacional e escâner. Com relacao a textura, o queijo minas frescal tradicional e o queijo produzido com PS-60 e coalho bovino caracterizaram-se mais duros; o queijo tradicional apresentou maiores valores nos parâmetros de fraturabilidade, coesividade e mastigabilidade e os queijos tradicional e aquele formulado com PS-60 e coagulante microbiano -apresentaram-se mais elasticos. Em relacao a cor, o queijo tradicional apresentou cor branca amarelo-esverdeada mais intensa. A aceitacao das amostras foi avaliada por cem provadores nao treinados, utilizando-se escala hedonica estruturada de sete pontos. Os queijos formulados com PS-60 apresentaram 88% de aceitacao.
Systematic revision of the genus Gagea Salisb. (Liliaceae) in Iran

This paper presents a systematic revision of Gagea Salisb. in Iran, which is a genus of bulbous perennials widely distributed in alpine and subalpine regions across Eurasia and North Africa. The plants of many Gagea species grow in seasonally moist soils with a high percentage of clay. These studies are based on extensive field work and study of herbarium specimens in all herbaria of Iran and the most important in the United Kingdom. In all, nearly 2000 specimens have been studied. Complete synonymy, descriptions, notes on taxonomy, geographical distribution, conservation status, habitats of species and an enumeration of selected material studied is given for each species. A key for the identification of flowering specimens of the accepted species is provided. The largest mountain ranges of Iran, i.e. Alborz and Zagros, are important centres of diversity for Gagea. In Iran, there are 26 species of the genus, of which G. chanae Grossh. and G. commutata K.Koch are presented here as new records. We consider G. anonyma Rech.f. , G. grey-wilsonii Rech.f. , G. ova Stapf and G. tehranica Gand. to be synonymous with G. setifolia Baker, G. chlorantha (M.Bieb.) Schult. & Schult. f. , G. stipitata Merckl. ex Bunge and G. reticulata (Pall.) Salisb. , respectively. Gagea perpusilla Pascher is another new synonym of G. setifolia. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 559–588
Current directions in fisheries management policy: a perspective on co-management and its application to South African fisheries

There is much current interest in fisheries management policy which centres around the introduction of rights-based management systems, the devolution of control from central regulatory authorities, and the concept of co-management. In order to address the complexity of the last of these, key principles of co-management arrangements need to be identified. In the process of establishing these arrangements, rules and rights are redefined and new institutions are created for the management of common pool resources, where exclusion is costly and every resource harvester subtracts value from the harvest of the others. A preliminary analysis of co-management arrangements is presented that postulates the factors most important for their establishment, reference being made to the applicability of co-management in South African fisheries. As with other studies on management of common property resources, it is concluded that the definition of boundaries, both resource and human, are critical to the process. In addi.
Structure of ovarian asterosaponin-1 in the starfish Asterias amurensis.

-3800 (neg. max.), with molecular formula C45H71O19SNa. Of the methanolyzates of VII, only methyl quinovoside was detected.1 The 13C-NMR spectrum (CD3OD) ofVII (Table I) depicted the presence of a hydrated ketone or the corresponding methyl hemiketal (92.8 ppm) and three anomeric carbons (106.4, 104.8 and 104.6 ppm). Reduction of VII with NaBH4 followed by methanolysis yielded methyl fucoside in addition to methyl quinovoside. Reduction of VII with NaBD4followed by methylation with CH3I-NaH-
Effect of Final Dough Temperature on the Microstructure of Frozen Bread Dough

Abstract The effect of final mixing temperature (16 °C and 31 °C) on the structure stability of frozen bread dough was examined by low temperature-scanning electron microscopy and the quality of bread made from them assessed. The presence of ice-crystals were determined in both doughs after freezing, by low-temperature S.E. M. The microstructures showed a slight increase in size and decrease in number of angular voids, representing ice-crystals, after 14 weeks storage at −20 °C. Loaves baked from frozen dough with a final mixing temperature of 31 °C were poorer in both gassing power and overall loaf quality than 16 °C doughs, after 14 weeks storage.
An essential role for MEF2C in the cortical response to loss of sleep

Neuronal activity and gene expression in response to the loss of sleep can provide a window into the enigma of sleep function. Sleep loss is associated with brain differential gene expression, an increase in pyramidal cell mEPSC frequency and amplitude, and a characteristic rebound and resolution of slow wave sleep-slow wave activity (SWS-SWA). However, the molecular mechanism(s) mediating the sleep loss response are not well understood. We show that sleep-loss regulates MEF2C phosphorylation, a key mechanism regulating MEF2C transcriptional activity, and that MEF2C function in postnatal excitatory forebrain neurons is required for the biological events in response to sleep loss. These include altered gene expression, the increase and recovery of synaptic strength, and the rebound and resolution of SWS-SWA, which implicate MEF2C as an essential regulator of sleep function. One Sentence Summary MEF2C is critical to the response to sleep loss.
PRESENCIA DE Enterocytozoon bieneusi EN CERDOS DE TRASPATIO EN TUMBES, PERÚ.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la presencia de esporas de Enterocytozoon bieneusi en cerdos de traspatio, en el departamento de Tumbes, Peru. Se tomaron 300 muestras de heces y 300 muestras de bilis de cerdos en dos oportunidades entre marzo y octubre de 2009. Se empleo la coloracion Chromotrope 2R (exclusiva para microsporidios) para la deteccion del hongo. Todas las muestras resultaron negativas.
The influence of light and temperature on the germination of two Ugandan medicinal trees

For reasons of the problems of establishment of some Ugandan trees in certain environments, we investigated the influence of temperature and light on germination and seedling growth of two locally threatened medicinal trees, Hallea rubrostipulata and Sarcocephalus latifolius, to facilitate their establishment. Field and controlled laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the species germination requirements and seedling growth. Both species needed light to germinate. Hallea rubrostipulata had a temperature optimum of 25°C with 79% germination, while for S. latifolius, the total germination after 28 days was close to 60% at temperatures from 20 to 35°C. Seedlings of S. latifolius survived well at 35°C, while those of H. rubrostipulata died at this high temperature. Conversely, seedling of S. latifolius died at the low temperature of 15°C. However, in field experiment S. latifolius failed to germinate in the available degraded environments, probably because of predation and because the soil is not able to retain water long enough to support seedling growth. We, therefore, conclude that in this part of Uganda, nursery assistance is needed to establish healthy populations of Sarcocephalus and many other endangered trees. Resume En raison des problemes que connaissent plusieurs arbres ougandais pour s’etablir dans certains environnements, nous avons recherche l’influence de la temperature et de la lumiere sur la germination et la croissance des plantules de deux arbres medicinaux localement menaces, Hallea rubrostipulata et Sarcocephalus latifolius, afin de faciliter leur etablissement. Des experiences de terrain et d’autres controlees en laboratoire ont ete realisees afin de decouvrir les exigences des especes pour leur germination et la croissance des plantules. Les deux especes ont besoin de lumiere pour germer. La temperature optimale pour H. rubrostipulataetait de 25°C avec 79% de germination, tandis que pour S. latifolius, la germination totale etait pres de 60% apres 28 jours a des temperatures qui allaient de 20 a 35°C. Les jeunes plants de S. latifolius survivaient bien a 35°C alors que ceux de H. rubrostipulata mouraient a cette haute temperature. Par contre, les plants de S. latifolius mouraient a la basse temperature de 15°C. Pourtant, sur le terrain, S. latifolius n’a pas reussi a germer dans les environnements degrades qui etaient disponibles, probablement a cause de la predation et parce que le sol n’etait pas a meme de retenir l’eau assez longtemps pour permettre la croissance des jeunes plants. Nous en concluons donc que, dans cette partie de l’Ouganda, il faut une aide en pepiniere pour etablir des populations saines de Sarcocephalus et de nombreux autres arbres en danger.
Glutathione transferases in herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides)†

Glutathione transferase (GST) activities toward the selective herbicide fenoxaprop-ethyl, together with thiol contents, have been compared in seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and two populations of black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) which are resistant to a range of herbicides (Peldon and Lincs E1), and a black-grass population which is susceptible to herbicides (Rothamsted). GST activities toward the non-cereal herbicides metolachlor and fluorodifen were also determined. On the basis of enzyme specific activity, GST activities toward fenoxaprop-ethyl in the leaves were in the order wheat > Peldon = Lincs E1 > Rothamsted, while with fluorodifen and metolachlor the order was Peldon = Lincs E1 > Rothamsted > wheat. Using an antibody raised to the major GST from wheat, which is composed of 25-kDa subunits, it was shown that the enhanced GST activities in both Peldon and Lincs E1 correlated with an increased expression of a 25-kDa polypeptide and the appearance of novel 27-kDa and 28-kDa polypeptides. Leaves of both wheat and black-grass contained glutathione and hydroxymethylglutathione, with the concentrations of glutathione being in the order Peldon > Lincs E1 = Rothamsted = wheat. However, in glasshouse dose-response assays, the Lincs E1 population showed much greater resistance to fenoxaprop-ethyl than Peldon. We conclude that high GST activities and the availability of glutathione may contribute partially to the relative tolerance of black-grass to herbicides detoxified by glutathione conjugation. Although herbicide-resistant populations show enhanced GST expression, in the case of fenoxaprop-ethyl the associated increased detoxifying activities alone cannot explain the differences between populations in the degree of resistance seen at the whole plant level.
Taxonomy, morphology and ecology of some widespread representatives of the diatom genus Opephora.

Opephora parva, O. pacifica and O. perminuta are commonly reported from brackish and marine sediments worldwide, but their true identity is unclear. Therefore, isotype material of these three taxa was examined using light microscopy. In addition, several populations from different localities in Europe, Africa, South America and Australasia were investigated with light and scanning electron microscopy. In the isotype slide of O. parva and O. perminuta, four different opephoroid taxa could be distinguished; three new combinations are proposed. The correct name of O. parva is O. mutabilis (Grunow) comb. nov.; this is a distinct, valid species, and is usually reported under the later synonym O. olsenii. O. perminuta is transferred to the genus Pseudostaurosira; P. perminuta (Grunow) comb. nov. The two other taxa were identified as O. naveana Le Cohu and O. guenter-grassii (Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot) comb. nov., which is transferred from the genus Fragilaria. These four taxa were then compared with isotype ma.
Relação cálcio:fósforo disponível e níveis de fitase para poedeiras semipesadas no primeiro e segundo ciclos de postura

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the calcium (Ca):available phosphorus (aP) ratio and the level of phytase in the first and second posture cycle. In the first posture cycle, 128 birds were distributed to a 3 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, composed of three Ca:aP ratio [14:1 (4.2% Ca and 0.30% aP), 12:1 (3.5% Ca and 0.30% aP), and 9:1 (3.5% Ca and 0.38% aP)], two levels of phytase (0 and 600 Phytase Units - PU) and a Ca:aP control [11:1 (4.2% Ca and 0.38% aP)]. In the second posture cycle, 240 birds were distributed to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, composed of two Ca (3.5 and 4.2%), two aP (0.30 and 0.38%) levels and two phytase levels (0 and 600 PU). In the first posture cycle, among birds fed diets without phytase, the greater eggs weight was obtained with 9:1 Ca:aP ratio and the smaller, with 12:1 Ca:aP ratio. The best eggs mass and feed conversion by eggs mass (FCEM) were observed in birds fed a diet with 14:1 Ca:Pd ratio and worse, with the ration with 12:1 Ca:aP ratio. In birds fed diet with phytase, the best FCEM was obtained with 12:1 Ca:aP ratio and worse, with 9:1 Ca:aP ratio. In the second posture cycle, the diet consumption decreased with increasing levels of calcium (3.5 to 4.2%), available phosphorus (0.30 to 0.38%) and phytase (0 to 600 PU). Feed conversion by eggs mass or per dozen eggs improved, respectively, with increasing levels of available phosphorus and phytase, while specific gravity improved with the increase of dietary calcium level. For laying hens in the first posture cycle, it is recommended 14:1 (4.2% Ca:0.30% Pd) ratio without phytase and 12:1 (3.5% Ca:0.30% Pd) ratio with 600 PU and, for birds in the second posture cycle, it is recommended 14:1 (4.2% Ca and 0.38% Pd) ratio. The supplementation of diets deficient in available phosphorus with 600 PU improves egg weight in the second posture cycle.
Species‐specific changes in the phenology and peak abundance of freshwater copepods in response to warm summers

SUMMARY 1. Climate warming is now widely recognised as a major factor influencing ecological processes in terrestrial, marine and freshwater habitats. Here, we investigated how a recent period of warm springs and summers has affected the population dynamics of various cyclopoid copepods in a central European lake. We compared (i) the duration of the period when the species were present in the water column, and (ii) their annual peak density in a period dominated by cool summers (1980–91) and one dominated by warm summers (1992–99). 2. The copepods under investigation were (i) Thermocyclops oithonoides, (ii) Mesocyclops leuckarti and (iii) Acanthocyclops robustus. These species differ in their thermal demand and seasonal phenology. Therefore, we hypothesised that enhanced summer warming would produce species-specific responses. 3. The active phase of the copepods was usually prolonged both in spring and autumn. The earlier emergence of T. oithonoides (May in the warm years, July in the cool years) was probably related to high water temperature in late spring. The later onset of winter diapause in all species may have been coupled to raised temperature in late summer and autumn. 4. The annual peak abundance of the two thermophiles M. leuckarti and T. oithonoides increased significantly in the warm period. In the latter case, the increase was probably because of the early start to population growth. In contrast, M. leuckarti probably responded primarily to mid-summer heat waves, in that its development time was likely to be short. We speculate that the increase in population size of both species resulted from the development of an additional generation (three instead of two cohorts per year). In contrast to these thermophiles, the coexisting A. robustus, which is adapted to a broader temperature range, did not respond noticeably to the warming trend. 5. In general, the nature of these responses to summer warming varied substantially among species, and depended on the detailed seasonal patterning of the warming. Our findings thus support the hypotheses that single species are sensitive indicators of climate change, and that the seasonal timing of warming is crucial in the context of climate–ecosystem relationships. 6. Moreover, our results add to the body of evidence that climate warming produces shifts in the seasonal phenology of aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
PERCEPTIONS ABOUT MALARIA TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL USING ANTI-MALARIA PLANTS IN MOLA, KARIBA, ZIMBABWE

An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in Mola, Kariba district, in order to collect information on some common herbal remedies used by traditional healers and rural folk in the treatment and prevention of malaria. Structured questionnaires were administered to 220 respondents in Mola, Kariba. Two hundred and twenty questionnaires were administered to respondents who were between the ages of 14 andd 80 years. There were 88 (40%) males and 132 (60%) females with mean ages of 41.0682+17.4572 and 41.5000 + 18.7028 for males and females respectively. A total of 192 (87.3%) of the respondents mentioned mosquitoes as transmitting malaria, one (0.3%) mentioned dirty water and 27 (12.4%) did not know. Fifty-four (24.5%) respondents did not know signs and symptoms of malaria. High body temperature, headache and shivering (23.2%) were major signs used in diagnosing malaria. A total of 155 (70.5%) respondents would go to the clinic if they suspect that they have malaria and 36 (16.4%) will visit a Traditional Healer. The following plants were mentioned as being used as anti—malarials: Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae), Zea mays L. (Sapindaceae), Amblygonocarpus andongenis (Olvi.) Exell and Torre (Leguminosae), Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell (Sapindaceae), Solanum incanum L. (Solananceae), Solanum indicum L. (Solanaceae), Solanum panduriforme E. May (Solanaceae), Diplorhynchus condylocarpon (Muell. Arg.) Pick. (Apocynaceae), Harungana madagascariensis Poir (Guittiferae), Pterocarpus angolensis DC (Leguminosae), Euclea divinorum Hiern (Ebenaceae), Sclerocarya caffra Sond (Anacardiaceae), Terminalia sericea DC (Combretaceae), Aloe chabaudii Schonl. (Liliaceae), Aloe excelsa Berg. (Liliaceae), Aloe greatheardii Schoni (Liliaceae), Colophospermum mopane (Benth.) J. Leonard (Leguminosae) and Garcinia huillensis Oliv. (Guttiferae). In clonclusion, several plants used as anti-malarials were identified and their acivity will be determined. Key Words: Malaria, Zimbabwe, Antimalarial plants Nig. J. Nat Prod. And Med. Vol.5 2001: 4-7
SPORICIDAL ACTIVITY OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND IODOPHOR ON THE SPORES OF Clostridium sporogenes

This study was carried out to determine the combined sporicidal effects of relatively low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and iodophor on the spores of Closfridium sporogenes. Such treatments may be useful in sterilizing bulk storage tanks. The spores were dried on epoxy coated penicylinders and were treated with 1, 3, 5 or 10% hydrogen peroxide for 1 or 2 hr at 15° or 50°C followed by a prolonged treatment with iodophor (25 ppm). The data indicate that at 15° C, treatment with 5% hydrogen peroxide alone would not produce sterility; however, when this treatment was followed by an iodophor soak for 24 hr, sterility was obtained.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY EXTREMES ON THE SURVIVAL OF THE RUTHERGLEN BUG NYSIUS VINITOR (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)

Exposure of eggs, nymphs and adults to extremely low temperatures for short durations did not affect the survival rate. However continuous low temperatures, though not extreme, caused considerable mortality in all stages. Adults at continuous low temperatures survived longer than any other stage but they proved to be the most susceptible to high temperatures. At extremely high temperatures the lower the R.H. the higher was the mortality. Whereas during winter temperature greatly influences mortality of all stages, during summer its effect on survival seems to be of little importance.
FARELO DE ARROZ INTEGRAL EM RAÇÕES PARA LEITÕES DE 43 A 67 DIAS DE IDADE

A total of 64 piglets, castrated male and female, of commercial lineage, weaned at 43 days of age and with average live weight of 10.73 ± 1.85kg, were used with the objective of evaluating the effect of the inclusion of different levels of rice bran (RB) in ration up to 67 days of age on productive performance, feeding forms and economic viability. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, four levels of inclusion of RB (0, 10, 20 and 30%) and two feeding forms (dry ration and wet ration), with four replicates per treatment, and the experimental unit consisted of two animals. The daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC) did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) for the different levels of inclusion of RB or the feeding forms. The economic analysis showed that the inclusion of 30% of RB had the best economic response. It was concluded that the supply of rice bran was viable until the level of 30% of inclusion in diets of piglets in the period from 43 to 67 days of initial phase, regardless of the feeding forms. KEYWORDS: Alternative feedstuff; bioeconomic analysis; swine; zootechnical performance.
Measurement and Characterization of Dietary Starches

Abstract Some factors present in the starchy foods influence the rate at which the starch is hydrolysed and absorbed in vivo . In order to predict the physiological effects of starchy foods and to complement information of food composition database, the quantification and characterization of the various components in the starch fraction must be evaluated. The contents of total starch (TS), resistant starch (RS), digestible starch (DS), amylose and dietary fibre (DF) were evaluated in 11 starchy foods cooked and cooked/stored (−20°C/30 days—conventional and domestic storage). The in vitro starch hydrolysis, the hydrolysis index (HI), rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS) were also carried out with the same samples. These storage conditions increased the RS content and decreased the HI in all studied foods, and each food showed a specific behaviour in relation to each variable. The high concentration of amylose is not the only fact involved with the starch retrogradation and the formation of RS. Therefore, the complete characterization of the starch fraction of foods subjected to different ways of preparation and storage conditions should be included in the food composition database. The highly significant positive correlation observed between the HI and RDS ( y =0.573 x −16.671, r =0.907, P ⩽0.001, n =22) suggests that the RDS, expressed as dry weight, is an alternative device to predict the digestion of starchy foods.