Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Warming of alpine tundra enhances belowground production and shifts community towards resource acquisition traits

Climate warming is expected to stimulate plant growth in high-elevation and high-latitude ecosystems, signi ﬁ cantly increasing aboveground net primary production (ANPP). However, the effects of simultaneous changes in temperature, snowmelt timing, and summer water availability on total net primary production (NPP) — and elucidation of both above- and belowground responses — remain an important area in need of further study. In particular, measures of belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) are required to understand whether ANPP changes re ﬂ ect changes in allocation or are indicative of a whole plant NPP response. Further, plant functional traits provide a key way to scale from the individual plant to the community level and provide insight into drivers of NPP responses to environmental change. We used infrared heaters to warm an alpine plant community at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, and applied supplemental water to compensate for soil water loss induced by warming. We measured ANPP, BNPP, and leaf and root functional traits across treatments after 5 yr of continuous warming. Community-level ANPP and total NPP (ANPP + BNPP) did not respond to heating or watering, but BNPP increased in response to heating. Heating decreased community-level leaf dry matter content and increased total root length, indicating a shift in strategy from resource conservation to acquisition in response to warming. Water use ef ﬁ ciency (WUE) decreased with heating, suggesting alleviation of moisture constraints that may have enabled the plant community to increase productivity. Heating may have decreased WUE by melting snow earlier and creating more days early in the growing season with adequate soil moisture, but stimulated dry mass investment in roots as soils dried down later in the growing season. Overall, this study highlights how ANPP and BNPP responses to climate change can diverge, and encourages a closer examination of belowground processes, especially in alpine systems, where the majority of NPP occurs belowground.
Design for change for a more sustainable resource usage in construction

The current usage of natural resources cannot be maintained forever – our resources are depleting. A substantial share of resource usage, and therefore the problem, is related to the construction sector. Meanwhile, there are signs that buildings are being demolished prematurely. This premature demolition of buildings is a waste of resources. This dissertation’s end goal is to contribute towards mitigating the problem of resource depletion. Changeability has been selected as the means through which to pursue this goal. This research aims to both understand design and to create support to help improve design, specifically regarding the topic of design for change in relation to sustainable resource usage. In Chapter 2, i.e. “Resource depletion, where is an intervention most effective? ”, the topic of resource depletion is dealt with. Chapter 2’s aim is to rank areas of the resource system, according to how much of an impact can be expected from interventions in the area, in relation to the problem of depleting resources. In Chapter 3, i.e. “The evolution of ordinary houses, does it justify demolition? ”, the topic of longevity in relation to change is dealt with. Chapter 3’s aim is to determine how the ordinary house, in the Netherlands, has changed throughout the last 100 years. This information is then used to discuss: to what extent the house’s evolution justifies demolition. In Chapter 4, i.e. “How to set up criteria for evaluating a building’s changeability? ”, the topic of changeability is dealt with. In Chapter 4, a method is proposed in which: (1) scenarios are developed to identify potential problems; and (2) evaluation criteria are based on design solutions to those potential problems. In Chapter 5, i.e. “How adjustable is the Environmental Building? ”, the application of the evaluation method, that has been presented in Chapter 4, is tested. To do so, the Environmental Building’s adjustability is evaluated by following the steps described in this method. Adjustability is the first of four changeability levels.
A percepção do usuário no ambiente construído em relação a evacuação emergencial de locais de grande público: o caso dos terminais de passageiros

When investigating accidents in public places, several gaps are identified as the behavior of the crowds and mainly problems in guiding users in an emergency situation. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop an assessment of the emergency evacuation of a passenger terminal, taking into account the architectural form adopted and the user's perception of the orientation in the built environment. The hypothesis is that, in addition to the existence of conveniently dimensioned escape routes, one of the main factors that hinder the emergency evacuation from public places is the lack of previous knowledge of the space by users. In this way, the perception of the environment assists the user in making a decision to escape from the place at the time of an emergency. To support the work, a bibliographic review was carried out on: crowd behavior and spatial orientation. The chosen methodology was exploratory (qualitative), with the application of different methods such as the exploratory visit and semi-structured interviews. The results were partially confirmed, according to the hypothesis. It was evident that the signs for escape routes are not efficient from the users' point of view and that prior knowledge of the location is not a major factor. It can be said that the built environment influences the decision making of users, who try to locate or act, according to their perceptions
Immune Condition and Blood Parasites in Three Sparrow Species with Different Migratory Status in Central Mexico

A good immune condition imposes an energetic cost and depends on many factors such as stressful situations and extenuating activities, especially for migratory birds. The energetic demands during migration may be compromised due to limited food availability, higher predation risks or novel diseases. We collected blood samples in the adults of three species of sparrows with different migratory status in central Mexico: the Clay-coloured Sparrow Spizella pallida (long distance migrant), the Chipping Sparrow S. passerina (local and long distance migrant individuals present at the study site), and the Black-chinned Sparrow S. atrogularis (permanent resident). These were used to compare the immune condition through analyses of their leukocyte profiles, the heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and the presence of blood parasites. We found differences in the immune condition: the resident species showed a lower percentage of lymphocytes than the long distance migrant, and also had more heterophils and a higher H/L than the two migratory species. We found that body mass was not related to the leukocyte parameters. Trypanosoma was recorded in the three bird species. The Chipping Sparrow was the most parasitised, followed by the Black-chinned Sparrow. Intensity of infection in the Chipping Sparrow and the Black-chinned Sparrow was correlated with changes in the abundance of lymphocytes. Our results suggest that the resident species had a reduced immune condition compared to the two migratory species, while the presence of parasites and the intensity of parasitism did not differ between species. This is the first study that evaluates and compares the immunological condition and blood parasitism in three congeneric species of birds with different migratory status.
Ant nest plant ethanol extract (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. and L.M Perry) against Microsporum gypseum as antidermatophyte natural agent

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antidermatophyte activity of ethanol extracts from ant nest plant against Microsporum gypseum. Methods: In this experimental study, the ant nest plants were taken and extractions were made in ethanol and were tested against M. gypseum. The screening of secondary metabolite in the extract was done using standard methods. The antifungal activity of the extract was conducted using the agar diffusion method. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined using the broth macrodilution method. Result and Discussion: The secondary metabolites screening of ant nest plant ethanol extract revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The extract under review showed antifungal activity against M. gypseum with MFC values ranging from 1.5% to 1.7% w/v using the broth dilution method. Conclusion: The ant nest plants have pharmacological value as a natural product, and it is necessary for further investigation as a potential useful agent for the treatment of dermatophytosis. KEY WORD: Antidermatophite, Microsporum gypseum, Myrmecodia pendens Department of Biology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia *Corresponding author: Dr. Sri Agung Fitri Kusuma, Department of Biology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia. E-mail: s.a. f.kusuma@unpad.ac. id Received on: 21-01-2017; Revised on: 08-02-2018; Accepted on: 01-03-2018 Access this article online Website: jprsolutions.info ISSN: 0974-6943 Sulistiyaningsih, et al. Journal of Pharmacy Research | Vol 12 • Issue 4 • 2018 474 secondary metabolites are known to be efficacious as antifungal. Therefore, this study was designed to prove the antifungal activity of the ant nest ethanolic extract against M. gypseum. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Federal Student Loan Servicing Accountability and Incentives in Contracts

Student loan servicers play a critical and underappreciated role in federal student oan programs. The federal government contracts out to servicers an array of many of the most critical functions related to student loan repayment, including account management, payment processing, and the provision of information about payment plans and solutions for distressed borrowers. In fact, most borrowers’ interactions with federal student loan repayment are almost exclusively with their servicer. We aim to improve upon the scarce research literature about federal student loan servicers by exploring the complicated set of measures that determine how servicers are compensated for servicing each debtor and awarded portfolios for future business. The coverage and construction of these measures influence servicers’ behaviors by creating strong incentives that coincide to varying degrees with the goals of the government, public, student loan borrowers, and the servicers themselves. Understanding accountability and incentives in current and past contracts is critical as the U.S. Department of Education reforms servicer contracts and responsibilities through its Next Gen Federal Student Aid initiative.
İŞGÖRENLERİN UMUT, İYİMSERLİK, DAYANIKLILIK VE ÖZ YETERLİLİK DÜZEYLERİNİN İÇ GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİLİMLERİNE ETKİSİNE DAİR ÖZEL SAĞLIK SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ÇALIŞMA

Anahtar Kelimeler: Umut İyimserlik Dayanıklılık Özyeterlilik İç Girişimcilik JEL Kodları: M12, M54 Umut, iyimserlik, öz yeterlilik ve dayanıklılıktan oluşan psikolojik sermaye hem bireysel iyi oluş sağlayan hem de iş yerinde başarıya odaklanmayı kolaylaştıran bir kavramdır. Benzer şekilde işgörenlerin görev aldıkları örgütü ve kendilerini rekabetçi kılmalarını sağlayan iç girişimcilik yeteneği ise süreçleri iyileştiren, değiştiren veya yeniden yaratan öneriler geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda işletmeleri hedeflerine ulaştıran başlıca kaynak olan insan ve onları iç girişimci olmaya iten tüm değişkenler yönetsel açıdan dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu araştırmada Uşak İlinde özel sağlık sektörü alanında faaliyet gösteren toplam 268 kişilik evrenden 109 kişilik bir örneklem belirlenerek anket uygulanmış ve işgörenlerin umut, dayanıklılık, öz yeterlilik, iyimserlik düzeylerinin örgütsel iç girişimcilik eğilimleri ile ilişkisi analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonunda iyimserlik, dayanıklılık, öz yeterlilik ve umudun iç girişimciliği pozitif şekilde etkilediği ve ayrıca iç girişimcilik eğiliminin yaş, gelir düzeyi ve iş tecrübesi parametrelerine göre farklılaştığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Effects of acute lying and sleep deprivation on the behavior of lactating dairy cows

The objective was to determine the effects of sleep or lying deprivation on the behavior of dairy cows. Data were collected from 8 multi- and 4 primiparous cows (DIM = 199 ± 44 (mean ± SD); days pregnant = 77 ± 30). Using a crossover design, each cow experienced: 1) sleep deprivation implemented by noise or physical contact when their posture suggested sleep, and 2) lying deprivation imposed by a grid placed on the pen floor. One day before treatment (baseline), and treatment day (treatment) were followed by a 12-d washout period. Study days were organized from 2100 to 2059. During habituation (d −3 and −2 before treatment), baseline (d −1), and trt (d 0), housing was individual boxstalls (mattress with no bedding). After treatment, cows returned to sand-bedded freestalls for a 7-d recovery period (d 1 to 7) where data on lying behaviors were collected. Daily lying time, number lying bouts, bout duration, and number of steps were recorded by dataloggers attached to the hind leg of cows throughout the study period. Data were analyzed using a mixed model in SAS including fixed effects of treatment (sleep deprivation vs. sleep and lying deprivation), day, and their interaction with significant main effects separated using a PDIFF statement (P ≤ 0.05). Interactions between treatment and day were detected for daily lying time and the number of bouts. Lying time was lower for both treatments during the treatment period compared to baseline. Lying time increased during the recovery period for both lying and sleep deprived cows. However, it took 4 d for the lying deprived cows to fully recover their lying time after treatment, whereas it took the sleep deprived cows 2 d for their lying time to return to baseline levels. Results suggest that both sleep and lying deprivation can have impact cow behavior. Management factors that limit freestall access likely reduce lying time and sleep, causing negative welfare implications for dairy cows.
Lithium Extraction−Insertion from/into LiCoPO4 in Aqueous Batteries

A novel 1 V battery composed of Sn−LiCoPO4 using aqueous lithium hydroxide electrolyte is described. Reversible extraction and insertion of lithium from and into the olivine-type LiCoPO4 is reported. The electrochemical behavior of the Sn−LiCoPO4 battery was analyzed using charge/discharge cycling and cyclic voltammetry. Sn−LiCoPO4 battery exhibited charge/discharge voltages of 1.3 V/0.8 V versus Sn with a reversible capacity of 80 mAh/g. The structural and morphological changes of LiCoPO4 particles before and after electrochemical measurements were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy. XRD data showed that extraction of lithium proceeds via at least a two-phase mechanism with LiCoPO4 and CoPO4 phases. Upon lithium reinsertion crystalline LiCoPO4 was formed. The cell voltage indicated these batteries were not completely charged, forming single-phase CoPO4 material. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis coupled with transmission electron microscopy confirmed the chemical .
EFFECTS OF POLYPHENOL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF CITRUS JUICES

Received: May 21, 2018 Accepted: May 31, 2018 INTRODUCTION Over the last years, there has been a very dynamic increase in the consumption of dietary supplements. However, advertising campaigns often create a false image of these products, assigning them curative properties. Considerable interest among consumers is aroused by preparations containing substances possessing antioxidant activity which has ABSTRACT
Modulation of Rapid Visual Responses during Reaching by Multimodal Stimuli

The reticulospinal tract plays an important role in primate upper limb function, but methods for assessing its activity are limited. One promising approach is to measure rapid visual responses (RVRs) in arm muscle activity during a visually-cued reaching task; these may arise from a tecto-reticulospinal pathway. We investigated whether changes in reticulospinal excitability can be assessed non-invasively using RVRs, by pairing the visual stimuli of the reaching task with electrical stimulation of the median nerve, galvanic vestibular stimulation or loud sounds, all of which are known to activate the reticular formation. Surface electromyogram recordings were made from the right deltoid of healthy human subjects as they performed fast reaching movements towards visual targets. Stimuli were delivered up to 200ms before target appearance and RVR was quantified as the EMG amplitude in a window 75-125ms after visual target onset. Median nerve, vestibular and auditory stimuli all consistently facilitated the RVRs, as well as reducing the latency of responses. We propose that this reflects modulation of tecto-reticulospinal excitability, suggesting that the amplitude of RVRs can be used to assess changes in brainstem excitability non-invasively in humans. New & Noteworthy Short latency responses in arm muscles evoked during a visually-driven reaching task have previously been proposed to be tecto-reticulospinal in origin. We demonstrate that these responses can be facilitated by pairing the appearance of a visual target with stimuli that activate the reticular formation – median nerve, vestibular and auditory stimuli. We propose that this reflects non-invasive measurement and modulation of reticulospinal excitability.
Do Firms Respond to Auditors’ Red Flags? Evidence from the Expanded Audit Report

We investigate the impact of the expanded audit report on firm disclosure, focusing on auditors’ mentions of goodwill impairment as a risk of material misstatement. Using a sample of U.K. Premium listed companies with goodwill on their balance sheets, we identify instances where goodwill impairment is (versus is not) flagged as a risk and contrast firms’ disclosure level on goodwill impairment. We find that managers increase goodwill impairment disclosure when auditors initiate the mention of this risk but do not react to the elimination of the mention. The increase in disclosure is stronger when firms are perceived to be riskier, and firms make more timely goodwill impairment decisions when auditors mention goodwill impairment as a risk. Overall, this paper establishes the role of the expanded audit report as a credible channel for revealing corporate financial reporting risks to financial statement users, as well as a trigger of enhanced corporate disclosure.
Effect of Dietary Incorporation of Curcuma longa Powder on Haematology and Serological Properties of Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

The reduced efficiency of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock, and the unavoidable residual effects on livestock products such as egg, meat and milk have pushed researchers to rush towards the use of phytobiotics in animal feed. This study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang to evaluate the Effect of Cucurma longa powder as feed additive on hemato-serological parameters in Guinea pigs. A total of 120 three weeks old Guinea pigs (60 males and 60 females), with an average weight of 150 ± 20 g were used. The animals were randomly distributed into four treatments in a completely randomized design with 30 animals per treatment (15 males and 15 females). Four experimental treatments were used by adding 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% C. longa in the diet corresponding to R0, R0.25%, R0.5% and R1% respectively. At the 8th week of age, 12 Guinea pigs (6 males and 6 females) per treatment were fasted for 12 hours and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was rapidly collected from the jugular vein for the evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters. Results revealed that the inclusion of Curcuma longa at 0.25% significantly (p Curcuma longa powder at 0.25% as feed additive positively regulates blood serum parameters of Guinea pigs.
CHARACTERIZATION AND IN SILICO ANALYSES OF RTCS GENE FROM SUGARCANE ENCODING LOB PROTEIN FAMILY OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS: A KEY REGULATOR OF SHOOT-BORNE ROOT INITIATION

RTCS (Rootless concerning Crown and Seminal roots) is a member of the plant-specific LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) domain (LBD) protein family of transcription factors. The RTCS gene has been identified as a key regulator of shoot borne root initiation in maize. In this study an attempt has been made to characterize RTCS from a wild related genus of sugarcane Erianthus arundinaceus and compared to the RTCS gene isolated from commercial sugarcane hybrid genotypes. The candidate gene has been successfully isolated from two genotypes of E. arundinaceus (SES 288 and IND 041335: EaRTCS) and two commercial sugarcane hybrid genotypes (Co 775 and Co 86032: ShRTCS). The isolated RTCS full length gene showed significant variation between EaRTCS and ShRTCS at the DNA and protein level. The RTCS amino acid sequence of all the four genotypes indicated the presence of the characteristic structural features of LBD proteins such as a C-motif, LOB domain sequence and leucine zipper-like dimerization domain. Prediction and analysis of secondary structure of RTCS protein in SES 288 and IND 04-1335 showed the presence of 65% alpha helix, 1% β strand and 38% disorder, while sugarcane commercial genotypes showed 58 % alpha helix, 1% β strand and 47% disorder. Both the sequences of EaRTCS and ShRTCS was found to be closely related to Zea mays RTCS.
Who will Heal the Healers?

COVID-19 pandemic has changed life as we know it. The world has been witnessing an unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic wreaking havoc for the past few months. This viral pandemic has caused fear and massive concern globally and has affected the mental health of not only the general public [1], but also the healthcare workers. Healthcare personnel including doctors, nurses and paramedical staff working in the front lines are amongst the most vulnerable. These healthcare workers are the unsung heroes fighting this war in the front lines against COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, they are also the most vulnerable for the mental and physical onslaught brought on by the pandemic. In Wuhan and other regions in China, the healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients have reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, insomnia and distress [2].
Decision Weights for Experimental Asset Prices Based on Visual Salience

We apply a machine-learning algorithm, calibrated using general human vision, to predict the visual salience of prices of stock price charts. We hypothesize that the visual salience of adjacent prices increases the decision weights on returns computed from those prices. We analyze the inferred impact of these weights in two experimental studies that use either historical price charts or simpler artificial sequences. We find that decision weights derived from visual salience are associated with experimental investments. The predictability is not subsumed by statistical features and goes beyond established models.