Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geo-Pet : a novel generic Organ-Pet for small animal organs and tissues

Reconstructed tomographic image resolution of small animal PET imaging systems is improving with advances in radiation detector development. However the trend towards higher resolution systems has come with an increase in price and system complexity. Recent developments in the area of solid-state photomultiplication devices like silicon photomultiplier arrays (SPMA) are creating opportunities for new high performance tools for PET scanner design. Imaging of excised small animal organs and tissues has been used as part of post-mortem studies in order to gain detailed, high-resolution anatomical information on sacrificed animals. However, this kind of ex-vivo specimen imaging has largely been limited to ultra-high resolution μCT. The inherent limitations to PET resolution have, to date, excluded PET imaging from these ex-vivo imaging studies. In this work, we leverage the diminishing physical size of current generation SPMA designs to create a very small, simple, and high-resolution prototype detector system targeting ex-vivo tomographic imaging of small animal organs and tissues. We investigate sensitivity, spatial resolution, and the reconstructed image quality of a prototype small animal PET scanner designed specifically for imaging of excised murine tissue and organs. We aim to demonstrate that a cost-effective silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array based design with thin crystals (2 mm) to minimize depth of interaction errors might be able to achieve sub-millimeter resolution. We hypothesize that the substantial decrease in sensitivity associated with the thin crys-
The Cognitive Process of Wildland Fire Chainsaw Troubleshooting: Structure, Content, and Training

Wildland firefighting often involves the creation of a fireline (a break in vegetative fuels), an operation commonly hindered by the break-down of gas-powered chainsaws. Some firefighters may not possess the knowledge and skills needed to address break-downs quickly, which threatens productivity and safety. The Applied Cognitive Task Analysis method was used to examine the troubleshooting process of an expert wildland fire sawyer. This included elicitations of key steps in this process, specific pieces of valuable knowledge, and sources of expertise. These results show that much of the expert understanding of complex faults was developed on-the-job rather than during a formal training program. This study highlights areas where training and job aids may be improved to support wildland firefighters in chainsaw troubleshooting and provides preliminary support of ACTA as a tool for training specialists in this domain.
Past Discussions and Current Evidence On the Importance of Social Capital

This paper intends to provide a summary of the emergence of social capital concept in the historical context. A special emphasis is given to the political and economic importance of social capital since many thinkers in the past are known to have expressed their ideas about the possible positive spillovers from social harmony to economic growth and political stability. Using contemporary data, the paper therefore conducts a simple statistical analysis, too. The findings of our simple analysis find statistically significant and positive relationship between the social capital level and growth in many of the emerging economies in accordance with the usual historical intellectual acceptance. However, it is the social capital across all the constituents in a society that affects the economic performance positively but not the social capital that generally comes into being naturally within smaller groups.
Intensity and Distribution of Patchy Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Left Atrium in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Purpose Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were performed on healthy individuals to establish signal intensity thresholds for reproducible left atrial (LA) patchy LGE detection. Using established criteria, differences in LA patchy LGE between healthy volunteers (HV) and patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or hypertension were analyzed. Methods Fifty-three patents with AF (mean age 56 years, 60% men), 25 patients with hypertension and no history of AF (mean age 54 years, 40% men), and 28 HV (mean age 50 years, 52% men) were enrolled in an observational, non-interventional, case-control prospective study. LA patchy LGE quantification was performed using LGE MRI (1.5 T scanner, voxel size 1.25x1.25x2.5 mm) and the custom-built software based on estimation of LA voxel image intensity ratio and comparison with threshold value obtained from HV data. Results Based on analysis of healthy individuals' data, the optimal threshold value for the left atrial patchy LGE quantification was determined at 1.38. Patients with AF had a higher extent of LA patchy LGE (9.1 [1.72; 18.58] %) than patients with hypertension (3.81 [0.57; 9.51] %) and HV (0.78 [0.05; 3.5] %). The predominant location of LA patchy LGE in AF was in the pulmonary vein ostia region, in hypertension - LA posterior wall, and in HV - lower part of LA posterior wall. In AF patients, the extent of LA patchy LGE correlated with LA end-diastolic volume (r=0.37) and LA ejection fraction (r=-0.4), in HV - with age (r=0.66) and LA end-diastolic volume (r=0.4). Conclusion AF and hypertension are associated with higher extent and different location of LA patchy LGE compared to changes caused by natural aging. The extent of LA patchy enhancement correlates with LA dilatation.
Kinship and social organization in Copper Age Europe. A cross-disciplinary analysis of archaeology, DNA, isotopes, and anthropology from two Bell Beaker cemeteries

We present a high-resolution cross-disciplinary analysis of kinship structure and social institutions in two Late Copper Age Bell Beaker culture cemeteries of South Germany containing 24 and 18 burials, of which 34 provided genetic information. By combining archaeological, anthropological, genetic and isotopic evidence we are able to document the internal kinship and residency structure of the cemeteries and the socially organizing principles of these local communities. The buried individuals represent four to six generations of two family groups, one nuclear family at the Alburg cemetery, and one seemingly more extended at Irlbach. While likely monogamous, they practiced exogamy, as six out of eight non-locals are women. Maternal genetic diversity is high with 23 different mitochondrial haplotypes from 34 individuals, whereas all males belong to one single Y-chromosome haplogroup without any detectable contribution from Y-chromosomes typical of the farmers who had been the sole inhabitants of the region hundreds of years before. This provides evidence for the society being patrilocal, perhaps as a way of protecting property among the male line, while in-marriage from many different places secured social and political networks and prevented inbreeding. We also find evidence that the communities practiced selection for which of their children (aged 0-14 years) received a proper burial, as buried juveniles were in all but one case boys, suggesting the priority of young males in the cemeteries. This is plausibly linked to the exchange of foster children as part of an expansionist kinship system which is well attested from later Indo-European-speaking cultural groups.
Central Vestibular Tuning Arises from Patterned Convergence of Otolith Afferents

As sensory information moves through the brain, higher-order areas exhibit more complex tuning than lower areas. Though models predict this complexity is due to convergent inputs from neurons with diverse response properties, in most vertebrate systems convergence has only been inferred rather than tested directly. Here we measure sensory computations in zebrafish vestibular neurons across multiple axes in vivo. We establish that whole-cell physiological recordings reveal tuning of individual vestibular afferent inputs and their postsynaptic targets. An independent approach, serial section electron microscopy, supports the inferred connectivity. We find that afferents with similar or differing preferred directions converge on central vestibular neurons, conferring more simple or complex tuning, respectively. Our data also resolve a long-standing contradiction between anatomical and physiological analyses by revealing that sensory responses are produced by sparse but powerful inputs from vestibular afferents. Together these results provide a direct, quantifiable demonstration of feedforward input convergence in vivo.
Characterization of Grain Boundary Segregation in Ferritic/Martensitic Steel after Irradiation in SINQ Target 4

Ferritic/martensitic (FM) steels are major structural materials irradiated in the targets of Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ). The post-irradiation examination (PIE) of irradiated FM specimens show strong degradation of mechanical properties after irradiation, particularly at dose >10 dpa. As it is known radiation-induced segregation (RIS) could greatly affect the fracture properties of irradiated materials, RIS at grain boundary has been studied with atom probe tomography (APT) in this work. Some interesting results have been obtained from 3 FM steels (F82H, Eurofer 97, and ODS Eurofer) irradiated to 20 dpa.
Women with and without stress urinary incontinence show age-related changes in the rise time and the peak of the intravaginal pressure produced during coughing

Hypothesis / aims of study The purpose of this study was to determine (1) if, compared to continent women, women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) generate lower intravaginal pressure (IVP) during voluntary pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contractions or coughing, slower contraction times or less ability to sustain IVP generated by a PFM contraction, and (2) if there are reductions in the ability to generate IVP during these tasks associated with increasing age.
SSLP: A Stratification-Based Source Location Privacy Scheme in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Source location privacy (SLP) protection is an important means of security protection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). With the development of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), security and privacy have attracted increasing attention. In this study, we incorporated SLP into UASNs as the basis for a novel stratification-based source location privacy (SSLP) scheme. In the SSLP scheme, SLP is protected through the cooperation of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in each network layer. Because fake source nodes and fake data streams are commonly used in WSNs, methods that have similar functions in UASNs are required. Hence, we incorporate a fake source node into the underwater cluster structure to add randomness to the underwater network. Furthermore, fake data streams have been included within the AUV data collection and transmission for each cluster. Simulation results confirm that the SSLP scheme offers improved security in comparison with existing underwater data transmission schemes.
Abstract PR096: The Effect of Hydrogen on Mitochondrial Function and Morphology in Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice

Materials & Methods: 104 male ICR mice, weighing 20-25g and aged 6 weeks, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=26 each): sham operation group (Sham group), Sham+H2 group, sepsis group and Sepsis+H2 group, Sepsis was produced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The mice in the Sham+H2 and Sepsis+H2 groups inhaled 2% H2 for 1 h starting from 1h and 6 h after Sham and CLP operation. The survival rates of animals in all groups were measured. At 24h after operation, the arterial blood gas analysis was conducted, the pulmonary specimens were obtained to determine the pathological changes of lungs were scored. Electronmicroscope was used to observe ultrastructural changes. Lung mitochondrial respiration control rate was test by clark eletron. Mitochondrial membrane potential was determined using JC-1 fluorescent probe. ATP synthesis capacity was determined using a bioluminescence technique.
Long-Term Urban Forest Cover Change Detection with Object Based Image Analysis and Random Point Based Assessment

The urban forest provides various ecosystem services. Urban tree canopy cover measurement is the most basic quantification of ecosystem services. There have been few studies focused on long-term high-resolution urban forest change analysis. Further, few if any of these studies have compared object based image analysis (OBIA) and random point based assessment for determination of urban forest cover. The research objective is to define the urban forest canopy area, location, and height within the City of St Peter, MN boundary between 1938 and 2019 using both the OBIA and random point based methods with high spatial-resolution aerial photographic images and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data. One facet of this project is to examine the impact of natural disasters, such as the 1998 tornado, and tree diseases on the urban canopy cover area. LiDAR data was used to determine the height and canopy cover density of the urban forest canopy. The results were used to compare and contrast the methods, with verification via ground truthing. Results show that both methods gave comparable accurate results. The total canopy cover area remained consistent until 1995, then increased post-tornado. The location of canopy cover areas has changed throughout St Peter over time due to the tornado, the increase in size of the City of St Peter, and land use change within the City of St Peter. The canopy change due to diseases was not detectable.
Applied Epidemiology in Victoria

VII CHAPTER 1. SUMMARY OF FIELD EXPERIENCE 1 CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 3 FIELD ACTIVITIES 3 SUMMARY OF CORE ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS 7 CHAPTER 2. AN EVALUATION OF THE INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR LEGIONELLOSIS IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA 9 CONTENTS 10 PREFACE 12 ABSTRACT 15
Ultraviolet Fluorescence in the Assessment of Quality in the Mixing of Granular Material

The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of using ultraviolet fluorescence to evaluate the quality of the mixing process of industrial feed. A laboratory funnel-flow mixer was used for the mixing process. The studies were carried out using three different feeds for pigs. A key component in the form of ground grains of yellow maize covered with the fluorescent substance Rhodamine B was introduced into the mixer before the mixing process began. After the illumination of the sample by UV lamps, the images were taken with a digital camera. The images were analyzed in Patan® software. The information obtained on the percentage content of the key component was used for further calculations. At the same time, the tracer content was determined using the control method (weight method). The comparison of the results obtained by the two methods (statistical comparative analysis) did not indicate significant differences. Therefore, the usefulness of the proposed method to track the share of the key component by inducing it to glow in the ultraviolet light has been proven. The introduced tracer is also one of the components of the feed, which translates into the possibility of observing the material having the characteristics of a mixed material.
Magnetic Rayleigh–Taylor Instability in an Experiment Simulating a Solar Loop

A hoop force driven magnetic Rayleigh–Taylor instability (MRTI) is observed in a laboratory experiment that simulates a solar coronal loop. Increase of the axial wavelength λ is observed when the axial magnetic field increases. This scaling is consistent with the theoretical MRTI growth rate , which implies that if is parallel to (i.e., undular mode), the fastest-growing mode has .
Effectiveness of Location-Based Advertising and the Impact of Interface Design

ABSTRACT Offline retailers increasingly use location-based coupons to target consumers in their vicinity in real-time. The rationale for the use of location-based coupons is that geographic proximity increases the relevance for consumers and, thus, the effectiveness of these campaigns. Two key interface-specific aspects of location-based coupon applications that influence their effectiveness are 1) the provision of distance information and 2) the distance-based ranking of coupons. The aim of this paper is to study and quantify the impact of these two key aspects of interface design on the effectiveness of location-based coupons. We conduct a randomized field experiment with 399,913 observations, including 3,499 different coupon promotions offered by 3,930 different stores located in 2,392 ZIP code areas in a large Western European country. Our results show that the most effective interface design for location-based coupons is based on a distance-based ranking. Furthermore, we find significant differences in the impact of distance and display rank based on the interface design and the actual geographic location of users. Our results thus contribute to the understanding of consumers’ behavioral responses to location-based advertising and provide important implications for the interface-design of location-based advertising applications.
Resource allocation through logistic regression and multicriteria decision making method in IoT fog computing

Cloud computing has received a lot of attention from both researcher and developer in last decade due to its unique structure of providing services to the user. As the digitalization of world, heterogeneous devices, and with the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT), these IoT devices produce different type of data with distinct frequency, which require real‐time and latency sensitive services. This provides great challenge to cloud computing framework. Fog computing is a new framework to accompaniment cloud platform and is proposed to extend services to the edge of the network. In fog computing, the entire user's tasks are offloaded to distributed fog nodes to the edge of network to avoid delay sensitivity. We select fog computing network dwell different set of fog nodes to provide required services to the users. Allocation of defined resource to the users in order to achieve optimal result is a big challenge. Therefore, we propose dynamic resource allocation strategy for cloud, fog node, and users. In the framework, we first formulate the ranks of fog node using TOPSIS to identify most suitable fog node for the incoming request. Simultaneously logistic regression calculates the load of individual fog node and updates the result to send back to the broker for next decision. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme undoubtedly improves the performance and give accuracy of 98.25%.
STRATEGI SUSTAINABILITAS PEMBIAYAAN BAITUL MAAL WAT TAMWIL (BMT) DI KOTA PADANG

This study aims to identify the determinants of the sustainability of Baitul Maal Tamwil (BMT) as Sharia Microfinance Institutions (LKMS) which are problematic in managing existing risks so as to disrupt the sustainability of BMT institutions. The research method consists of the pre-research stage, data collection stage, data processing stage and interpretation of results. The research location in Padang City BMT, West Sumatra Province, is spread in 11 districts. The research population of all BMTs in the city of Padang in West Sumatra province was 104 units and the sample was taken in total sampling of 104 participants. The independent variable of the researcher consists of the aspects of regulation, supervision, infrastructure, human resources and product innovation while the dependent variable of BMT sustainability is measured by asset growth, financing quality and profitability collected using a questionnaire. The research model uses multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing partially and simultaneously at α = 5%. The results of the partial hypothesis testing are only product innovations that affect the sustainability of the financing of BMT in Padang City, West Sumatra Province. The results of simultaneous hypothesis testing show that all independent variables have an effect on the sustainability of the BMT financing in West Sumatra Province. This can also be seen based on the correlation coefficient value of 40.1% (classified as weak) and the Adjusted R Square value of 11.8%. The results of the strategy factor analysis in the form of Weakness - Opportunities produces the following 5 strategies: 1) developing linkage programs with sharia financial and banking institutions to obtain low-cost funds, 2) adding marketing personnel who are able to manage and place funds, 3) improve the risk management oversight function in operational activities through improvement of the Operations Management Standards and Standard Operating Procedures, the establishment of the Sharia Management Board, improvement in handling problematic financing and re-empowering committees established in the organizational structure, 4) improving services to members, customers and the community through improved facilities and infrastructure, especially information technology services which can reach and meet the needs of members and customers, providing services products that are cheap and fast but still in accordance with sharia principles and provide services for the collection and distribution of zakat, infaq, shodaqah and waqf, 5) improving elementary competence through training and coaching as well as performance-based awards to focus on business development according to sharia principles. Keywords: sustainability, regulation, supervision, infrastructure, human resources and product innovation
ARFIMA Reference Forecasts for Worldwide CO2 Emissions and the Need for Large and Frontloaded Decarbonization Policies

We provide reference forecasts for worldwide CO2 emissions from fuel fossil combustion and cement production based on an ARFIMA approach. Our projections suggest a time path for emissions that is inconsistent with the general IPCC decarbonization goals. Indeed, we project emissions to increase, over the next three decades, to levels about 11-12% above the 2010 level. For the IPCC goals to be achieved it is necessary to reduce emissions by 57.4% and 97.4% of 2010 emissions by 2030 and 2050, respectively. Furthermore, the bulk of these efforts have to take place by 2030. This implies that the policy efforts necessary to achieve such goals are not only daunting but also frontloaded. Finally, the presence in the data of long memory with mean reversion suggests that policies must be persistent to ensure that these reductions in emissions are also permanent. These results add to the sense of urgency in dealing with the issue of decarbonization. The policy efforts necessary to achieve IPCC decarbonization goals are urgent, daunting and frontloaded.
A lock-in photon-counting based single pixel imaging toward real-time multi-wavelength SFD-DOT

We have developed a real-time multi-wavelength spatial frequency domain (SFD) diffuse optical tomography (DOT) to characterize the optical properties of biological tissues, using single-pixel imaging based on lock-in photon-counting. In our approach, three laser diodes at wavelengths of 450 nm, 520 nm and 635 nm, are intensity-modulated by square waves of three frequencies (temporal-encoding), respectively, and focused into the first digital micromirror device (DMD) to generate a sinusoidal illumination pattern at selected spatial frequencies. The reflected light from the surface of turbid medium are spatially integrated by the second DMD, successively using sampling patterns based on the two- dimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) bases around the spatial modulation frequencies (spatial-compressing). The temporally encoded and spatially compressed multi-wavelength signals that are detected from photomultiplier tube are firstly demodulated by a highly-sensitive lock-in photon-counting module for temporal-decoding, and then uncompressed into the spatial frequency domain images by the inverse DCT, from which tomographic images of the absorption coefficient are finally reconstructed using the first-order Rytov approximation of the diffusion equation. The phantom experiments show that the proposed method can achieve a reconstruction error within 10%, and a temporal resolution of less than 10 s.