Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF ARM CYCLE ERGOMETRY IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS

Amac: Yogun bakim unitelerindeki (YBU) hastalar genellikle uzun sureli immobilizasyona maruz kalirlar ve bu da fonksiyonel durumun kotulesmesinde onemli bir rol oynar. Kol bisiklet ergometresi (KBE) ile egzersiz, immobilizasyonun zararli etkilerini en aza indirmek icin kullanilabilecek bir tedavi secenegi olabilir. Bu calismanin amaci, kritik hastalarda KBE kullaniminin fonksiyonel durumdaki azalmayi onlemeye veya azaltmaya yonelik guvenli ve etkili bir mudahale olup olmadigini arastirmakti. Yontem: YBU’ye kabul edilenler arasindan stabil, kritik hastaligi olan 35 eriskin hasta bu calismaya alindi. Bu hastalara, YBU’de kaldiklari sure boyunca konvansiyonel fizyoterapi veya konvansiyonel fizyoterapiye ek olarak KBE egitimi uygulandi. Egitim, klinik durumlarina gore haftada 5 gun, gunde bir kez 20 dakika boyunca pasif veya aktif olarak uygulandi. KBE egitiminde, egzersiz oncesi, egzersiz sirasinda, hemen sonrasinda ve 5 dakika sonrasinda kardiyopulmoner yanitlar ve en yuksek/dusuk degerler kaydedildi. Egitimin birinci ve ikinci gunu ile taburculukta (son egitim seansi) kaydedilen kardiyopulmoner yanitlar istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi. Fonksiyonel duzeyi degerlendirmek icin Ambulasyon Skoru ve Barthel Indeksi kullanildi. Sonuclar: Kardiyopulmoner yanitlar KBE ile degismekle birlikte (p 0,05). Tartisma: YBU’de, gunluk KBE egzersizinin yapilmasi mumkun ve guvenlidir. KBE egitiminin fonksiyonel sonuclar uzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek icin daha fazla calismaya ihtiyac vardir.
Place of the Supply Chain Strategy in an Integrated Business Management System

Abstract — This article reveals the importance and role of supply chain strategy in creating an integrated business management system. The concept of an integrated business management system and the prerequisites for its creation in a modern company are revealed. The goals and objectives of the integrated business management system and its main elements are outlined. The main conclusion is that achieving the company's goals will be most effective through the implementation of an integrated business management system. The authors reveal the relationship of all elements of the integrated business management system with the elements of integrated reporting of the company, since an effective business management system should be aimed at meeting all the expectations of each of the interested users. The authors believe that among the elements of an integrated business management system, an internal supply chain strategy system and a risk management system find their significant place, information about which is reflected in the public reports of modern companies. In other words, supply chain strategy is an effective tool within the functioning of an integrated business management system. The authors believe that it is most effective to structure the supply chain strategy system in accordance with the company's business processes, since control procedures must be applied at each stage of the main activity. The functions of supply chain strategy, its elements and tools depending on business processes are revealed. The importance of regular monitoring of key performance indicators is emphasized, which is carried out within the framework of the General supply chain strategy system, which contributes to the normal and effective functioning of the integrated business management system in the company.
Corporate Behavioral Responses to TCJA for Tax Years 2017–2018

We analyze the initial corporate response to the 2017 enactment of the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” or TCJA. TCJA changed many corporate tax provisions, including a reduction of the corporate statutory tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent effective in 2018 and sweeping changes to the taxation of income earned abroad by U.S. corporations. Based on a sample of U.S. corporate tax returns, we find that corporations accelerated deductions into 2017 and delayed income into 2018, thereby minimizing their taxes. We estimate an income and deduction shifting tax elasticity of -0.11 and 0.08, respectively. Additionally, we study detailed tax returns of 81 large corporations to understand how those changes impacted them.
Evaluation of Pro-Inflammatory Genes Expression in the Spleen and Wounds of BALB/c Mice Infected with Leishmania Major

Introduction : Leishmania major is a protozoan parasite, which causes cutaneous leishmaniasis. It has been shown that the immune responses induced against the parasite are associated with the host genotype. Although the characteristics of the host immune responses and prevention of the disease through the vaccine have been discussed in many studies, far less attention is paid to the ulceration and inflammatory responses mediated by the innate immune cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis. The main objective of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of pro-inflammatory genes in different stages of cutaneous leishmaniasis progression in order to provide a standard framework for diagnosis of various stages of the disease. Materials & Methods : In this study, 1× 10 7 Leishmania major promastigotes were intradermally injected for the two groups of BALB/c mice on the base of the tail, then the expression of IL-12p35, CCL3, CCL4, IL-12p40, TNF-α, CCL5 , IL -1α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and CCR5 cytokines were examined in the wound and spleen weekly. Findings : The results showed that Leishmania clearly suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the wound and spleens of the infected mice treated with PBS but not Glucantime. Discussion & Conclusion : TNF-α were postulated to be important factors in immunity against Leishmania as their reduction resulted in progressed lesions in the infected mice.
Light chain consensus reinforcement machine learning: An effective blockchain model for Internet of Things using for its advancement and challenges

Recently, blockchain intersected the Internet of Things (IoT) has come up with an integrated opportunity for different applications such as industries, medical diagnosis, and the education sector. Several conflicts have risen during the intersection, where the purpose of addressing the enormous resource utilization of blockchain, efficiency, and security issues of massive IoT has not been tackled in the present scenario. Presently, Ruff‐chain, blockchain consortium basis, mobile cloud blockchain (MCBC), probed IoT, and proof of work deployed to overcome the drawback of blockchain intersected IoT demands high resource utilization and power consumption. To address this issue, a light chain consensus reinforcement machine learning (LCC‐RML) method has been developed to optimize the blockchain effectively intersected IoT system and it assists in providing a learning methodology from the aspects of resource utilization, data security decentralization, scalability, and latency. In LCC‐RML, without affecting the decentralization system, security, and latency, scalability has been improved with the underlying blockchain approach. Here, a lighter model is designed especially for the blockchain intersected IoT platform, which contains optimized learning procedures, reduced block size, lightweight consensus data structure, and related effective block interval to streamline the data processing. The experimental analysis has been evaluated in the learning framework to improve the performance of the blockchain intersected IoT system with a computational speed of 84.89% and resource utilization reduction of 85.88%. Further in the power consumption has been reduced up to 57.55% with the computation cost of 29.55% with the scalability ratio of 86.88%.
DO REEMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS FOR THE UNEMPLOYED WORK FOR YOUTH? EVIDENCE FROM THE GREAT RECESSION IN THE UNITED STATES

We present experimental evidence on the effects of four U.S. reemployment programs for youth Unemployment Insurance (UI) recipients during the Great Recession. The three programs that emphasized monitoring and service referrals reduced UI receipt but had minimal effects on employment and earnings; these programs mainly induced the early exit of participants. The fourth program, which combined mandatory job counseling with monitoring, caused the largest reductions in UI receipt and clearly increased employment and earnings. Both early participant exits and effective job counseling underlie these impacts. We conclude that policymakers should require job counseling for youth UI recipients during recessions.
A Multicomponent Distributed Framework for Smart Production System Modeling and Simulation

In order to control manufacturing systems, managers need risk and performance evaluation methods and simulation tools. However, these simulation techniques must evolve towards being multiperformance, multiactor, and multisimulation tools, and this requires interoperability between those distributed components. This paper presents an integrated platform that brings interoperability to several simulation components. This work expands the process modeling tool Papyrus to allow it to communicate with external components through both distributed simulation and cosimulation standards. The distributed modeling and simulation framework (DMSF) platform takes its environment into consideration in order to evaluate the sustainability of the system while integrating external heterogeneous components. For instance, a DMSF connection with external IoT devices has been implemented. Moreover, the orchestration of different smart manufacturing components and services is achieved through configurable business models. As a result, an automotive industry case study has successfully been tested to demonstrate the sustainability of smart supply chains and manufacturing factories, allowing better connectivity with their real environments.
Presence of WH2 like domain in VgrG-1 toxin of Vibrio cholerae reveals the molecular mechanism of actin cross-linking

Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) plays a crucial role in Vibrio cholerae mediated pathogenicity and predation. Tip of T6SS is homologous to gp27/gp5 complex or tail spike of T4 bacteriophage. VgrG-1 of V. cholerae T6SS is unusual among other VgrG because its effector domain is trans-located into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells with an additional actin cross-linking domain (ACD) at its C terminal end. ACD of VgrG-1 (VgrG-1-ACD) causes T6SS dependent host cell cytotoxicity through actin cytoskeleton disruption to prevent bacterial engulfment by macrophages. ACD mediated actin cross-linking promotes survival of the bacteria in the small intestine of humans, along with other virulence factors; establishes successful infection with the onset of diarrhoea in humans. Our studies demonstrated VgrG-1-ACD can bind to actin besides actin cross-linking activity. Computational analysis of ACD revealed the presence of WH2 domain through which it binds actin. Mutations in WH2 domain lead to loss of actin binding in vitro. VgrG-1-ACD having the mutated WH2 domain cannot cross-link actin efficiently in vitro and manifests less actin cytoskeleton disruption when transfected in HeLa cells. Summary statement Actin cross-linking (ACD) domain of VgrG-1 toxin of Type VI secretion in Vibrio cholera has WASP Homology domain 2 (WH2) domain. ACD interact with actin through WH2 domain, WH2 is essential for ACD mediated cross-linking and disruption of actin cytoskeleton in the host cell.
The genetics of phenotypic plasticity in livestock in the era of climate change: a review

Abstract Climate change has the potential to adversely affect the health of livestock, with consequences to animal welfare, greenhouse gas emissions, productivity, human health and livelihoods. Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes, depending on environmental, biotic or abiotic conditions; it is a factor influencing and modifying the genes of animal and plant organisms, to adaptation to climate change. Among the various climate variables, heat stress has been reported to be the most detrimental factor to the economy of the livestock industry. There are a number of candidate genes that are associated with adaptation of ruminants, monogastric and poultry to heat stress. For instance, the genes encoding leptin, thyroid hormone receptor, insulin growth factor-1, growth hormone receptor, are associated with the impacts of heat stress on the physiological pathways of domestic animals such as dairy cows, beef cattle, buffaloes, poultry, pigs and horses. This review aims to highlight genes and traits that are involved with thermo-tolerance of domestic animals to sustain production and to cope with climate change. Selection and experimental evolution approaches have shown that plasticity is a trait that can evolve when under direct selection and has a correlated response to some specific traits. Therefore, new breeding goals should be defined for the potential of livestock species to acquire plasticity for adaptation to the current climate changing conditions. Highlights Heat stress compromises feed intake, growth, milk and meat quality and quantity, resulting in a significant financial burden to global livestock. Genetic selection and nutritional intervention are key strategies to consider in Animal Genetic Resources in hot environments. Information from gene expression or genome-wide association studies can be used to further improve the accuracy of selection.
Multifunctional and Low Cost Autonomous Mobile Robot

Mikro denetleyicilerin ve tek kartli bilgisayar teknolojilerinin gelismesiyle robotik sistemler daha dusuk maliyetle tasarlanabilmektedir. Bu baglamda, sunulan calismada dusuk maliyetli bir otonom mobil robot gelistirilmistir. Otonom mobil robota cesitli sistemler eklenerek uzaktan kumandali ve yonlendirilen robot tasarlanmistir. Bu calismada, dort tekerlekli ve paletli yapiya sahip otonom mobil robot icin Arduino ve Raspberry kartlari kullanilmistir. Robotta bulunan Raspberry kart ve Pi kamera kullanilarak robotun etrafindaki aktiviteler internet uzerinden baska bir bilgisayara aktarilmistir. Internete baglanmak icin bir Wi-Fi (kablosuz uygunluk) modulu kullanilmistir. Bluetooth modulu, kameranin sagdan sola veya yukaridan asagiya hareket etmesini saglamaktadir. Robotun otonom hareket etmesi icin GPS (kuresel konumlandirma sistemi) modulu kullanilmistir. Ultrasonik mesafe sensoru ile otonom mobil robot, engelleri asarak yeni bir rota bulabilmektedir. Hareket sirasinda bataryanin zayiflamasi durumunda batarya bir kablo ile sarj edilmesine gerek kalmadan kablosuz sarj ile sarj edilebilmektedir. Bu robot, felaket durumlarinda bir yardim araci olan kargo hizmetlerine yardimda, hasta yardimi, yiyecek ve icecek hizmetlerinde kullanilabilir. Tasarlanan dusuk maliyetli otonom mobil robot, ayirt edici ozelliklere sahiptir ve robotun sundugu gelistirme asamalari arastirmacilara yardimci olabilir.
Impact of agricultural management practices on soil carbon sequestration and its monitoring through simulation models and remote sensing techniques: A review

Abstract Toward an attempt to limit the global warming to 2 °C, there has been an increasing emphasis on devising suitable policies and practices for entrapment and storage of atmospheric CO2 to mitigate the detrimental effects of climatic change. Agriculture being a predominant global land use, C sequestration under different agro-ecosystems through appropriate management practices is an important option to combat the anthropogenic climate change. Conservation tillage along with residue management, stubble retention, mulching, organic farming and integrated nutrient management not only facilitates soil C storage but also improves soil health. Change in land-uses and cropping system also impart notable effects on soil C turnover. Biochar application is found effective in augmenting soil C stock and improving soil aggregation. Bioenergy plantations are also effective in sequestering C. Simulation models and remote sensing are innovative tools for predicting and mapping soil C status and identifying site-specific strategic policies to minimize the risk of land degradation and to maintain environmental sustainability. Therefore, the aim of this review is to disseminate ideas regarding current C status, identify researchable priorities and to deliberate pros and cons of agricultural management practices for better implementation of soil C sequestration strategies for mitigating the consequences of climate change. Graphical abstract
Changes in nutritive characteristics associated with plant height, and nutrient selection by dairy cows grazing four perennial pasture grasses

Previous research has documented nutritive characteristics of perennial ryegrass-based pastures and subsequent nutrient-selection differentials when dairy cows graze such pastures, but there has been little comparable research on alternative pasture grasses. The aim of the present study was to compare the pre-grazing nutritive characteristics of four perennial grasses, how nutrients vary with plant height, and selection differentials achieved by dairy cows grazing these grasses in late winter and late spring. The study utilised an established field experiment, with four replicates of monoculture swards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth.), in western Gippsland, Victoria. Eighty individual tillers per replicate were sampled to ground level immediately pre- and post-grazing in late winter (July–August, vegetative tillers only) and late spring (November–December, vegetative and reproductive tillers sampled separately), dissected into three height categories (0–5 cm, 5–10 cm and 10+ cm) and analysed for nutritive characteristics. For vegetative tillers in both seasons, perennial ryegrass had the highest estimated metabolisable energy concentration and lowest neutral detergent fibre concentration of all species. In spring, reproductive tillers had consistently lower nutritive characteristics than did vegetative tillers. Selection differentials, calculated as the ratio of nutritive characteristics selected by the herd to that available pre-grazing, showed that cows selected herbage with higher crude protein concentration but there was little evidence for selection of higher metabolisable energy concentration. The selection differentials reflected the vertical distribution of nutrients in the tillers. The present results have provided new information to assist in developing grazing guidelines for alternative perennial grasses.
Experimental observation and simulation analysis of the relationship between the fishbone and ITB formation on EAST tokamak

A strong relationship between the fishbone instability and internal transport barrier (ITB) formation has been found on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) in high βN ELMy H-mode discharges. ITB formation always appears after the fishbone instability, and the fishbone disappears when the ITB grows to a certain extent. Hybrid simulations with the global kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code M3D-K have been carried out to investigate the linear stability and non-linear dynamics of beam-driven fishbone instabilities in these shots. The simulation results show that the fishbone instability absorbs the energy of the fast ions and changes the distribution function of the fast ions, leading to the accumulation of fast ions near the ITB, which might eventually assist in the formation of the ITB. The q = 1 surface disappearance caused by the bootstrap current generated by the steep pressure gradient in the ITB region has been considered as the reason for the fishbone instability vanishing. This process has also been reproduced in simulation. However, the timescale of this change in the q profile is not sufficient under classical current diffusion times. The simulation utilizes another assumption explaining the disappearance of the fishbone instability. The density will form a barrier in the ITB region, which should broaden the distribution of the fast ions, and the broadening profile of the distribution of the fast ion mitigates the growth of the fishbone instability.
Two new species segregated from Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (Hymenophyllaceae) in southern South America, based on morphological, anatomical, molecular and distributional evidence

The cosmopolitan species Hymenophyllum tunbrigense was traditionally represented in southern South America by two allopatric varieties: H. tunbrigense var. tunbrigense in the Andean Patagonian forests of Argentina and Chile, and H. tunbrigense var. cordobense , an endemic taxon restricted to the mountain system of central and north-western Argentina. Given the diagnosable differences between these two taxa, and between these taxa and the European and African entity, based on morphological, anatomical, molecular, ecological and distributional evidence, we exclude H. tunbrigense for Southern Cone, propose to revalidate the name Hymenophyllum asperulum for the species present in the Magellanic and Valdivian forests and elevate H. tunbrigense var. cordobense to species rank. We consider these two taxa as endemic species, closely related to the widespread H. tunbrigense . We also cite Hymenophyllum cordobense for first time for the flora of Bolivia.
The Scale of Submesoscale Baroclinic Instability Globally

The spatial scale of submesoscales is an important parameter for studies of submesoscale dynamics and multiscale interactions. The horizontal spatial scales of baroclinic, geostrophic-branch mixed layer instabilities (MLI) are investigated globally (without the equatorial or Arctic oceans) based on observations and simulations in the surface and bottom mixed layers away from significant topography. Three high-vertical-resolution boundary layer schemes driven with profiles from a MITgcm global submesoscale-permitting model improve robustness. The fastest-growing MLI wavelength decreases toward the poles. The zonal median surface MLI wavelength is 51–2.9 km when estimated from the observations and from 32, 25, and 27 km to 2.5, 1.2, and 1.1 km under the K-profile parameterization (KPP), Mellor–Yamada (MY), and κ–ε schemes, respectively. The surface MLI wavelength has a strong seasonality with a median value 1.6 times smaller in summer (10 km) than winter (16 km) globally from the observations. The median bottom MLI wavelengths estimated from simulations are 2.1, 1.4, and 0.41 km globally under the KPP, MY, and κ–ε schemes, respectively, with little seasonality. The estimated required ocean model grid spacings to resolve wintertime surface mixed layer eddies are 1.9 km (50% of regions resolved) and 0.92 km (90%) globally. To resolve summertime eddies or MLI seasonality requires grids finer than 1.3 km (50%) and 0.55 km (90%). To resolve bottom mixed layer eddies, grids finer than 257, 178, and 51 m (50%) and 107, 87, and 17 m (90%) are estimated under the KPP, MY, and κ–ε schemes.
Functionalization and Modification of Bitumen by Silica Nanoparticles

A study on the effect of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) dispersion in bitumen is herein reported. First, the size of the nanoparticles was finely tuned by controlling the experimental conditions during their synthesis, obtaining spherical SNPs with diameter ranging from 95 up to 900 nm. Subsequently, SNPs were embedded with peripheral amine groups by using APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) as functionalized agent (NH2@SNP), and ultimately long alkyl chains were grafted by reacting the free amine with an alkylated aldehyde (C14N@SNP). All SNPs (ca. 1 wt%.) were dispersed in bitumen to probe their effect on the rheological properties of bitumen. No significant change in the thermorheological properties of bitumen was observed upon varying the size of the SNPs. Slight improvement was observed when using NH2@SNPs, while the best results were obtained by using C14N@SNPs, showing the crucial role that hydrophobic substituents play in bitumen binders which leads to significant improvements.