Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Protein Phosphatase 2C-Like Ser/Thr Phosphatase in Escherichia coli

Regulatory protein phosphorylation is a conserved mechanism of signaling in all biological systems. Recent phosphoproteomic analyses of phylogenetically diverse bacteria, including the model Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, demonstrate that many proteins are phosphorylated on serine or threonine residues. In contrast to phosphorylation on histidine or aspartate residues, phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues is stable and requires the action of a partner Ser/Thr phosphatase to remove the modification. Although a number of Ser/Thr kinases have been reported in E. coli, no partner Ser/Thr phosphatases have been identified. Here, we biochemically characterize a novel Ser/Thr phosphatase that acts to dephosphorylate a Ser/Thr kinase that is encoded in the same operon. ABSTRACT In bacteria, signaling phosphorylation is thought to occur primarily on His and Asp residues. However, phosphoproteomic surveys over the past decade in phylogenetically diverse bacteria have identified numerous proteins that are phosphorylated on Ser and/or Thr residues. Consistently, genes encoding Ser/Thr kinases are present in many bacterial genomes, such as that of Escherichia coli, which encodes at least three Ser/Thr kinases. Since Ser/Thr phosphorylation is a stable modification, a dedicated phosphatase is necessary to allow reversible regulation. Ser/Thr phosphatases belonging to several conserved families are found in bacteria. One family of particular interest are Ser/Thr phosphatases, which have extensive sequence and structural homology to eukaryotic Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) phosphatases. These proteins, called eukaryote-like Ser/Thr phosphatases (eSTPs), have been identified in a number of bacteria but not in E. coli. Here, we describe a previously unknown eSTP encoded by an E. coli open reading frame (ORF), yegK, and characterize its biochemical properties, including its kinetics, substrate specificity, and sensitivity to known phosphatase inhibitors. We investigate differences in the activity of this protein in closely related E. coli strains. Finally, we demonstrate that this eSTP acts to dephosphorylate a novel Ser/Thr kinase that is encoded in the same operon. IMPORTANCE Regulatory protein phosphorylation is a conserved mechanism of signaling in all biological systems. Recent phosphoproteomic analyses of phylogenetically diverse bacteria, including the model Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, demonstrate that many proteins are phosphorylated on serine or threonine residues. In contrast to phosphorylation on histidine or aspartate residues, phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues is stable and requires the action of a partner Ser/Thr phosphatase to remove the modification. Although a number of Ser/Thr kinases have been reported in E. coli, no partner Ser/Thr phosphatases have been identified. Here, we biochemically characterize a novel Ser/Thr phosphatase that acts to dephosphorylate a Ser/Thr kinase that is encoded in the same operon.
Phosphoregulation of the Plant Cellulose Synthase Complex and Cellulose Synthase-Like Proteins

Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on the planet, is synthesized at the plasma membrane of plant cells by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC). Cellulose is the primary load-bearing polysaccharide of plant cell walls and enables cell walls to maintain cellular shape and rigidity. The CSC is comprised of functionally distinct cellulose synthase A (CESA) proteins, which are responsible for synthesizing cellulose, and additional accessory proteins. Moreover, CESA-like (CSL) proteins are proposed to synthesize other essential non-cellulosic polysaccharides that comprise plant cell walls. The deposition of cell-wall polysaccharides is dynamically regulated in response to a variety of developmental and environmental stimuli, and post-translational phosphorylation has been proposed as one mechanism to mediate this dynamic regulation. In this review, we discuss CSC composition, the dynamics of CSCs in vivo, critical studies that highlight the post-translational control of CESAs and CSLs, and the receptor kinases implicated in plant cell-wall biosynthesis. Furthermore, we highlight the emerging importance of post-translational phosphorylation-based regulation of CSCs on the basis of current knowledge in the field.
HIV-1 Tat increases BAG3 via NF-κB signaling to induce autophagy during HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder

ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) regulatory protein Tat plays an important role during HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) by inducing neuronal autophagy. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blot, qRT-PCR, and RNA interference to elucidate the involvement of Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 Tat-induced autophagy during HAND. We found that BAG3 expression is elevated in astrocytes in frontal cortex of macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus-human immunodeficiency chimeric virus (SHIV). In addition, in human primary glioblastoma cells (U87), HIV-1 Tat upregulated BAG3 in an NF-κB-dependent manner to induce autophagy. Importantly, suppression of BAG3 or inhibition of NF-κB activity reversed the HIV-1 Tat-induced autophagy. These results indicate that HIV-1 Tat induces autophagy by upregulating BAG3 via NF-κB signaling, which suggests BAG3 and NF-κB could potentially serve as novel targets for HAND therapies.
Association Between Prepregnancy Cardiovascular Function and Subsequent Preeclampsia or Fetal Growth Restriction

Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of maternal cardiovascular disease later in life. It is unclear whether this association is causal or driven by similar antecedent risk factors. Clarification requires recruitment before conception which is methodologically difficult with high attrition rates and loss of outcome numbers to nonconception/miscarriage. Few prospective studies have, therefore, been adequately powered to address these questions. We recruited 530 healthy women (mean age: 35.0 years) intending to conceive and assessed cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate before pregnancy. Participants were followed to completion of subsequent pregnancy with repeat longitudinal assessments. Of 356 spontaneously conceived pregnancies, 15 (4.2%) were affected by preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Women who subsequently developed preeclampsia/fetal growth restriction had lower preconception cardiac output (4.9 versus 5.8 L/min; P=0.002) and cardiac index (2.9 versus 3.3 L/min per meter2; P=0.031) while mean arterial pressure (87.1 versus 82.3 mm Hg; P=0.05) and total peripheral resistance (1396.4 versus 1156.1 dynes sec cm−5; P<0.001) were higher. Longitudinal trajectories for cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were similar between affected and healthy pregnancies, but the former group showed a more exaggerated fall in mean arterial pressure in the first trimester, followed by a steeper rise and a steeper fall to postpartum values. Significant relationships were observed between cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and mean arterial pressure and gestational epoch. We conclude that in healthy women, an altered prepregnancy hemodynamic phenotype is associated with the subsequent development of preeclampsia/fetal growth restriction.
Role of hemodynamics in initiation/growth of intracranial aneurysms

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a disease of the vascular wall resulting in abnormal enlargement of the vessel lumen. It is a common pathology with a prevalence of 2%‐3% in the adult population. IAs are mostly small, quiescent and asymptomatic; yet, upon rupture, severe brain damage or even death is frequently encountered. In addition to clinical factors, hemodynamic forces, mainly wall shear stress (WSS), have been associated with the initiation of IAs and possibly with their risk of rupture. However, the mechanism by which WSS contributes to aneurysm growth and rupture is not completely understood.
Multi-profile ultra high definition (UHD) AVC and HEVC 4K DASH datasets

In this paper we present a Multi-Profile Ultra High Definition (UHD) DASH dataset composed of both AVC (H.264) and HEVC (H.265) video content, generated from three well known open-source 4K video clips. The representation rates and resolutions of our dataset range from 40Mbps in 4K down to 235kbps in 320x240, and are comparable to rates utilised by on demand services such as Netflix, Youtube and Amazon Prime. We provide our dataset for both realtime testbed evaluation and trace-based simulation. The real-time testbed content provides a means of evaluating DASH adaptation techniques on physical hardware, while our trace-based content offers simulation over frameworks such as ns-2 and ns-3. We also provide the original pre-DASH MP4 files and our associated DASH generation scripts, so as to provide researchers with a mechanism to create their own DASH profile content locally. Which improves the reproducibility of results and remove re-buffering issues caused by delay/jitter/losses in the Internet. The primary goal of our dataset is to provide the wide range of video content required for validating DASH Quality of Experience (QoE) delivery over networks, ranging from constrained cellular and satellite systems to future high speed architectures such as the proposed 5G mmwave technology.
The protective role of curcumin in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a well‐known pathological condition that is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. The main pathological manifestation of CAD is myocardial injury due to ischemia–reperfusion (I–R). Currently, no efficacious treatment of protecting the heart against myocardial I–R exists. Hence, it is necessary to discover or develop novel strategies to prevent myocardial‐reperfusion injury to improve clinical outcomes in patients with CAD. A large body of experimental evidence supports cardioprotective properties of curcumin and the ability of this phytochemical to modify some cardiovascular risk factors. However, the detailed effects of curcumin in myocardial I–R injury are still unclear and there is a lack of evidence concerning which curcumin regimen may be ideal for myocardial I–R injury. This paper presents a brief review of the pathophysiology of myocardial I–R injury and the mechanisms of action of curcumin in reducing myocardial I–R injury.
Perioperative cardiovascular outcomes of non-cardiac solid organ transplant surgery

Background Perioperative cardiovascular outcomes of transplant surgery are not well defined. We evaluated the incidence of perioperative major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) after non-cardiac transplant surgery from a large database of hospital admissions from the United States. Methods Patients ≥18 years of age undergoing non-cardiac solid organ transplant surgery from 2004 to 2014 were identified from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample. The primary outcome was perioperative MACCE, defined as in-hospital death, myocardial infarction (MI), or ischaemic stroke. Results A total of 49 978 hospitalizations for transplant surgery were identified. Renal (67.3%), liver (21.6%), and lung (6.7%) transplantation were the most common surgeries. Perioperative MACCE occurred in 1539 transplant surgeries (3.1%). Recipients of organ transplantation were more likely to have perioperative MACCE in comparison to non-transplant, non-cardiac surgery [3.1% vs. 2.0%, P < 0.001; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.29, 95% Confidence interval [CI] 1.22-1.36]. Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events after transplant surgery were driven by increased mortality (1.7% vs. 1.1%, P < 0.001; aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.07-1.23) and MI (1.2% vs. 0.6%, P < 0.001; aOR 2.26, 95% CI 2.09-2.46) vs. non-transplant surgery, with lower rates of stroke (0.3% vs. 0.5%, P < 0.001; aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.47-0.65). Among patients hospitalized for renal, liver, and lung transplantation, MACCE occurred in 1.7%, 5.6%, and 7.5%, respectively, with no difference in the frequency of MI by surgery type. Conclusions Cardiovascular outcomes of transplant surgery vary by surgical subtype and are largely driven by increased perioperative death and MI. Efforts to reduce cardiovascular risks of non-cardiac organ transplant surgery are necessary.
Psychological Barriers to Bipartisan Public Support for Climate Policy

Psychological scientists have the expertise—and arguably an obligation—to help understand the political polarization that impedes enactment of climate policy. Many explanations emphasize Republican skepticism about climate change. Yet results from national panel studies in 2014 and 2016 indicate that most Republicans believe in climate change, if not as strongly as Democrats. Political polarization over climate policy does not simply reflect that Democrats and Republicans disagree about climate change but that Democrats and Republicans disagree with each other. The results of a national panel experiment and of in-depth interviews with four former members of Congress suggest that Democrats and Republicans—both ordinary citizens and policymakers—support policies from their own party and reactively devalue policies from the opposing party. These partisan evaluations occur both for policies historically associated with liberal principles and politicians (cap-and-trade) and for policies associated with conservative principles and politicians (revenue-neutral carbon tax). People also exaggerate how much other Democrats and Republicans are swayed by partisanship. This foments false norms of partisan opposition that, in turn, influence people’s personal policy support. Correcting misperceived norms of opposition and decoupling policy evaluation from identity concerns would help overcome these seemingly insurmountable barriers to bipartisan support for climate policy.
Medication‐based versus target‐based lipid management

Many clinicians feel strongly about the value of bringing patients’ low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) to the risk-appropriate safe zone, be it <100, 70, or 55 mg/dL, whereas others feel equally strongly about the value of using the right doses of medications proven to reduce risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), perhaps even death. On the surface, these views may seem at odds, but a closer examination reveals that they represent two sides of the same coin. Specifically, LDL-C goals are often reached with the use of maximum doses of evidence-based therapies and, similarly, the most effective medications mitigate atherosclerotic risk because they lower LDL-C, often to goal levels. The discrepancies arise, naturally, when the LDL-C goal is attained in the absence of optimized, guideline-directed medical therapy or, conversely, when the appropriate medications at the recommended doses fail to achieve LDL-C goals. Does a patient with coronary artery disease who achieves an LDL-C of 50 mg/ dL via veganism, supplements, and a bile-acid binding resin not enjoy the same cardioprotection as another patient who achieves an identical LDL-C with a highpotency statin? Similarly, is a coronary patient who takes rosuvastatin 40 mg and ezetimibe 10 mg daily sufficiently protected even though their LDL-C continues to hover around 90 mg/dL? These are the questions created by a false dichotomy of views; that is, providing the appropriate medication and dose versus targeting the proper LDL-C goal.
Endometrial pinopode biomarkers: Molecules and microRNAs

Ultrastructural changes on the apical surface of the luminal epithelium of the uterus are known as pinopodes. Their morphology in species and in special species is associated with different results about size, duration, and percentage of surface area covered by pinopodes. The content of pinopodes is different in rodents and humans. In mice and rats pinopodes have many vacuoles and no organelle that extends to the actin stalk above the microvilli. Human pinopodes do not have a large vacuole and contain the golgi complex, a rough endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles, and mitochondria that extend from the entire cell surface. It has been suggested that pinopodes are good markers of endometrial receptivity and implantation window. There are several molecular markers related to the presence of pinopodes, including integrins, leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF), l‐selectin, HOXA10, glutaredoxin, glycodelinA, heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor, mucins, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that miRNAs could affect the expression of LIF and pinopodes in the endometrium and these molecules play key roles in implantation window processes. Here, we have summarized the morphology and function of pinopodes. Moreover, we have highlighted several molecules in relation to pinopodes that could be used as biomarkers.
A Semi-Supervised Approach to Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Variable Conditions towards Imbalanced Unlabeled Data

Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings is an effective technology to ensure the steadiness of rotating machineries. Most of the existing fault diagnosis algorithms are supervised methods and generally require sufficient labeled data for training. However, the acquisition of labeled samples is often laborious and costly in practice, whereas there are abundant unlabeled samples which also imply health information of bearings. Thus, it is worthwhile to develop semi-supervised methods of fault diagnosis to make effective use of the plentiful unlabeled samples. Nevertheless, considering the normal data are much more than the faulty ones, the problem of imbalanced data exists among unlabeled samples for fault diagnosis. Besides, in practice, bearings often work under uncertain and variable operation conditions, which would also have negative influence on fault diagnosis. To solve these issues, a novel hybrid method for bearing fault diagnosis is proposed in this paper: (1) Inspired by visibility graph, a novel fault feature extraction method named visibility graph feature (VGF) is proposed. The obtained features by VGF are natively insensitive to variable conditions, which has been validated by a simulation experiment in this paper; (2) On basis of VGF, to deal with imbalanced unlabeled data, graph-based rebalance semi-supervised learning (GRSSL) for fault diagnosis is proposed. In GRSSL, a graph based on a weighted sparse adjacency matrix is constructed by the k-nearest neighbors and Gaussian Kernel weighting algorithm by means of the samples. Then, a bivariate cost function over classification and normalized label variable is built up to rebalance the importance of labels. Finally, the proposed VGF-GRSSL method was verified by data collected from Case Western Reserve University Bearing Data Center. The experiment results show that the proposed method of bearing fault diagnosis performs effectively to deal with the imbalanced unlabeled data under variable conditions.
Mandatory Adoption of XBRL and Foreign Institutional Investors' Holdings: Evidence from China

ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the association between the mandatory adoption of the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) in China and foreign institutional investors' interest. Based on a sample from the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in the period from 2004 to 2009, our results demonstrate that the adoption of XBRL is positively related to foreign institutional investors' holdings. In addition, although state-owned enterprises (SOEs), compared to non-SOEs, have fewer foreign institutional investors' holdings in our sample period, the adoption of XBRL reduces such differences for non-tradable shares. As China is one of the world's largest and growing economic entities and an early adopter of XBRL, our findings shed light on the role played by XBRL as a global standard and how it facilitates business information exchange around the world.
Predictors of health anxiety during pregnancy.

Background The internet has become a quick, easy and accessible source for health-related information. Women are more likely to search for health information online and this likelihood increases further during pregnancy. Searching online for health-related information can have both positive and negative impacts upon levels of health anxiety during pregnancy. This research initially explored how health impacts heath anxiety during pregnancy. Secondly, the sources of offline support that predict health anxiety and thirdly, how online health seeking behaviour predicts health anxiety. Methods The sample consisted of 159 pregnant women who completed an online questionnaire to investigate significant predictors of health anxiety during pregnancy. Results Multiple regression analyses showed health anxiety increased during pregnancy when medical complications had been experienced in a previous pregnancy and if under medical treatment for a non-pregnancy related condition. Interestingly, health anxiety was not affected by medical complications in the current pregnancy. Knowing when you have had enough information and repeating searches were significant predictors of levels of health anxiety, whereas using the same or different sources was not. Conclusions For many the internet is a convenient platform for information however the information is not always accurate, reliable or helpful. Relevant health care professionals should continue to sign-post pregnant women to validated health information websites with the aim to reassure women during pregnancy. Further research in this area would benefit from exploring how women use the internet when pregnant and devising guidelines which can be followed and recommended when doing so.
Childlike Computing: Systems that think like Humans and act like Children

Tablet and phone technology has become ubiquitous in the lives of children across the world. Where children once played outside and once played with physical toys, many children now play with tablet and phone technology to an extent that is perceived by some to be a detriment to their health and well-being. The tablet or phone can be considered as a player in a two-player system and in such cases, there can be an interesting question asked of how technology is designed for that 'computer' player that might enable it to be more childlike. Humanlike computing has gained favour across the globe as a new way of considering intelligent systems based on behavior as opposed to features. This workshop explores child-like computing in terms of design ideas, provocations, theories and experience designs.
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF VITAL DYES AFTER UNEVENTFUL VITREOMACULAR SURGERY.

PURPOSE Vital dyes have become a clinical standard during chromovitrectomy but toxicity remains an issue. We compared the clinical outcome of one supposedly toxic vital dye (AV 17 with 5% mannitol) with a standard vital dye (MBB Dual) and performed a power analysis for future comparative studies. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 270 eyes after chromovitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling because of macular holes. Primary endpoint was loss in BCVA >2 lines and photoreceptor atrophy as seen on optical coherence tomography examination. RESULTS In 173 eyes, staining of the epiretinal membrane and extracellular matrix was performed using MBB (Group A), and in 97 using AV 17-M (Group B). The mean BCVA was not significantly different after more than 3 months and also not in the early postoperative period after surgery between Group A and Group B. The number of patients suffering from a decline in BCVA of two lines and more was not significantly higher in patients of Group B. There was not a significantly higher percentage of patients with an inner segment/outer segment defect. CONCLUSION Our rather homogeneous study showed no significant difference between both dyes. Thousand five hundred patients would need to be examined to find a significant difference in future studies.