Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES ON THE ENSILING PROCESS OF WET BREWERS’ GRAINS

The results of three experiments to study various aspects of, and treatments to improve the preservation of, wet brewers’ grain are reported. In the first experiment, brewers’ grains were sampled in a brewery from the lauter tub and holding tanks. Material from the holding tanks was also ensiled in test-tube silos and sampled at various time intervals during the 18-day study. All samples were analyzed for lactobacillus growth, organic acid and ammoniacal nitrogen content and buffering capacity. Water soluble and total non-structural carbohydrate were determined for material sampled from six separate brews. No lactobacilli were isolated from the grains sampled in the lauter tub; however, lactic acid bacteria were evident in samples from the holding tanks. The lactobacillus population increased sharply during the first 2 days of ensiling, followed by a decline over the remaining 16 days of the experiment. The results of the 18-day study suggested that a silage additive would assist in satisfactory ensiling .
On Initial Chebyshev Polynomial Coefficient Problem for Certain Subclass of Bi-Univalent Functions

In this paper, we firstly, introduced the subclass \(R_{\Sigma}(\tau ,\alpha ,\gamma ;t)\) satisfying subordinate conditions. Subsequently, considering this defined subclass, initial coefficient estimations are established using by Chebyshev polynomials expansions, and Fekete-Szego inequalities are also derived for functions belonging to the said subclass. Furthermore, Some relevant consequences of these results are also discussed.
Automation of budgeting of industrial enterprises as the basis for digitalization of internal communication business processes

The purpose of the article is to summarize the theoretical and practical principles of digitalization of communication business processes of Ukrainian enterprises in the framework of digitization of their business. The article studies the advantages and prospects of the implementation of BAS ERP systems into industrial enterprises activities. The necessity and relevance of automation of clerical business processes of industrial enterprises is proved. The model of digitalization of communication business processes is schematically presented. The procedure of digitalization of communication business processes of industrial enterprises is formalized by the case of their budgeting automation. The implementation of the author’s suggestions makes it possible to disseminate this experience for the activities of other business entities.
Regulation of carotenoid synthesis and accumulation in plants

Abstract Although genes that encode most enzymes of the carotenoid pathway in higher plants have been identified, the regulatory mechanisms that govern the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoid pigments are still obscure. Recent findings relevant to two aspects of carotenoid pathway control are reviewed: availability of substrate and pathway branching. Experimental approaches that are likely to enhance our understanding of carotenoid pathway regulation are also described.
Maternal and environmental influences on growth and survival of embryonic and hatchling snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina)

Clutches of six female snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) each were distributed among six incubators set at one of three constant temperatures (22.0, 25.6, and 28.6 °C) in either a wet (−100 kPa) or a dry (−500 kPa) vermiculite substrate. We tested for influences of egg mass, clutch, and incubation temperature and moisture on survival of embryos and hatchlings, on size at hatching, and on rate of post-hatching growth over 7 months. Intraclutch variation in egg mass had no effect on embryonic mortality. Mass at hatching was correlated with egg mass, but neither variable was related significantly to post-hatching survival or rate of growth. Eggs incubated at the highest temperature produced smaller hatchlings which subsequently grew more slowly than those from eggs incubated at the low and intermediate temperatures. Eggs incubated at the intermediate temperature produced larger turtles at 7 months post-hatching than did eggs incubated at the low or high temperatures. Eggs incubated in wet substrates pro.
Relationships between water-column stratification, phytoplankton cell size and copepod fecundity in Long Island Sound and off central Chile

Changes in phytoplankton abundance and size brought on by changes in water-column stratification are shown to affect copepod fecundity. The response of copepods to changes in their food environment, as manifested by changes in rates of egg production, is compared for two different time-scales: seasonal-to-weekly in Long Island Sound, New York, and event-scale-to-daily off the coast of central Chile. The data sets discussed include a time-series of hydrographic and chlorophyll samples along with measurements of copepod egg production (made using an incubation technique) carried out each week in Long Island Sound during 1985 and a 25-day time-series of daily measurements of the same variables at a fixed station in the nearshore coastal upwelling zone off Concepcion, Chile, in January 1986. Egg production was often low, suggesting food-limitation. Temporal variations in the fecundity of the copepods Temora longicornis and Acarlia tonsa in Long Island Sound did not follow changes in total phytoplankton biomas.
Properties of actin and stability of the actomyosin reconstituted from milkfish (Chanos chanos) actin and myosin

Presentation d'une methode d'extraction de l'actine dans la chair de ces poissons pour etudier les effets du rapport actine/myosine sur la thermostabilite de l'actomyosine reconstituee. Determination du poids moleculaire, du profil en acides amines et de la stabilite de cette proteine
Perfil de suscetibilidade de leveduras do gênero Candida isoladas de animais ao óleo essencial de Rosmarinus officinalis L

ABSTRACT: Susceptibility profile of Candida spp. isolated from animals to the essentialoil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. In this work the antifungal activity and chemical composition ofthe Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) essential oil against Candida spp. were evaluated. Theessential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts, and analyzed by gas chromatographywith a flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(GC/MS). This oil was tested against fourteen isolates of Candida sp. (ten C. albicans and fourno-albicans species) by the microdillution broth assay (CLSI-M27A2). Chromatography analysesof the essential oil showed compounds, as camphor, verbenone and 1,8-cineole as majorconstituents . MIC and MFC values for C. albicans standard strains were 1.25 - 2.5 µL mL -1 and2.5 - 5.0 µL mL -1 , respectively. MIC and MFC for the non-albicans species were 1.25 – 5.0 µL mL -1 and 2.5 – 10.0 µL mL -1 , respectively. C. albicans isolates obtained from animals exhibited MIC andMFC values of 2.5 - > 10.0 µL mL
Inhibitory activity of plant growth regulators on Phytophthora palmivora causing cassava tuber rot

Auxins and cytokinins are implicated in a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes in plants. Phytophthora palmivora causes tuber rot in cassava growing regions of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, South India. The in vitro effect of cytokinin, benzyl amino purine (BAP) and auxins, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on P. palmivora mycelium growth was investigated. The inhibitory activity varied among the growth regulators and complete inhibition of the pathogen was observed at 50, 2000 and 2500 ppm by the BAP, IAA and NAA, respectively. The effective growth regulator, BAP was also analysed on tubers before and after the invasion of the pathogen to observe its effect in tuber. Further, it was also checked against the bio-control agent Trichoderma harzianum. The study indicates that the use of BAP could be an important approach in controlling tuber rot pathogen, P. palmivora.
THE ABC’S (APPREANCE, BEHAVIOUR AND COMMUNICATION) OF HYGIENE CARE THROUGH PEDAGOGY THEATRE

Children around 3-6 years are often inflicted with issues of personal hygiene that leads to various diseases. A childs inability to understand the importance of hygiene ia the root cause that leads to this deficiency. The research was conducted to create awareness amongst young children (5-6 years old) on the importance of hygiene. For the purpose of the study , a total of 11 pre- schoolers were selected and data was collected on knowledge and practices of the respondents on personal hygiene through personal interviews. The data was then collated and analyzed based on observation and reflection to explore the pupils level of understanding on personal hygiene which is part of the pre-school curriculum (FK 5.1.1). Pedagogy Theatre which combines both art and educationist often used to develop language and intensify social awareness. Although pedagogy theatre is embedded in drama, it is used to educate people on important issues outside the sphere of theatre itself. In the study conducted, the respondents were found to be initially apprehensive and unclear on how to look after their personal hygiene. The findings suggest that through pedagogy theatre (researchers show and tell/ or act out situations), the pupils are able to develop an understanding to the importance of personal. They were able to respond to questions and show how to look after their personal hygiene. Here, the medium of theatre is used as a vehicle to achieve an objective that is educated the pupils on hygiene care.
Realizing small-flake graphene oxide membranes for ultrafast size-dependent organic solvent nanofiltration

La3+ cross-linking produces robust membranes from small-flake graphene oxide, which induces fast organic solvent permeances. Membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) or solvent-resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) offer unprecedented opportunities for highly efficient and cost-competitive solvent recovery in the pharmaceutical industry. Here, we describe small-flake graphene oxide (SFGO) membranes for high-performance OSN applications. Our strategy exploits lateral dimension control to engineer shorter and less tortuous transport pathways for solvent molecules. By using La3+ as a cross-linker and spacer for intercalation, the SFGO membrane selective layer was stabilized, and size-dependent ultrafast selective molecular transport was achieved. The methanol permeance was up to 2.9-fold higher than its large-flake GO (LFGO) counterpart, with high selectivity toward three organic dyes. More importantly, the SFGO-La3+ membrane demonstrated robust stability for at least 24 hours under hydrodynamic stresses that are representative of realistic OSN operating conditions. These desirable attributes stem from the La3+ cross-linking, which forms uniquely strong coordination bonds with oxygen-containing functional groups of SFGO. Other cations were found to be ineffective.
Intestinal microsporidiosis: prevalence and genetic study of Egyptian isolates

Background: Diagnosis of microsporidiosis is difficult due to its small size needing special stains and identification by an expert. Nowadays, application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) made diagnosis more sensitive, specific and easier. Objectives: To update the prevalence of intestinal microsporidia and to clarify their genotype patterns in symptomatic and asymptomatic immune compromised and immune competent cases. Patients and Methods: Totally, 323 stool samples were collected and subdivided as 173 from immune compromised (group I) and 150 from immune competent (group II) individuals. Samples were examined for microsporidiosis by light microscopy smears stained by Weber's modified trichrome (WMT) and modified ZiehlNeelsen (MZN), as well as by nested and RFLP PCR techniques. Results: Microsporidial spores were microscopically detected in 45/323 (13.9%) individuals; 25/173 (14.5%) immune compromised and 20/150 (13.3%) immune competent cases. In the two groups, 25/45 (55.6%) were symptomatic complaining of diarrhea, abdominal pain, distension, mal-digestion and weight loss, with statistical significant difference (P<0.001) between infection and presence of symptoms. Nested and RFLP PCR missed only one positive case, thus scoring 97.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 99.6% and diagnostic accuracy 97.8%. In group I, 5 cases were associated with Enterocytozoon (Ent.) bieneusi, 5 with Encephalitozoon (Enc.) species and 15 had mixed infection. In group II, 6 had Ent. bieneusi, 3 had Enc. species and 10 had mixed infection.Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA of five samples demonstrated the Ent. Bieneusi anthroponotic genotype B and the zoonotic potential for genotypes D and K, in addition to one Enc. intestinalis sequence. Conclusion: Prevalence of microsporidiosis was insignificantly higher in immune compromised than immune competent population. Intestinal microsporidiosis can be manifested by different abdominal symptoms or it can be asymptomatic. PCR technique highlighted that mixed infection with Ent. Bieneusi and Encephalitozoon species was the commonest finding among the studied groups. Ent. Bieneusi igenotypes appeared to be related to animal contact and human infection. This, however, could not be accurately defined due to the limited number of available sequences.
Linking spatially explicit species distribution and population models to plan for the persistence of plant species under global change

SUMMARY Conservation managers and policy makers require models that can rank the impacts of multiple, interacting threats on biodiversity so that actions can be prioritized. An integrated modelling framework was used to predict the viability of plant populations for five species in southern California's Mediterranean-type ecosystem. The framework integrates forecasts of land-use change from an urban growth model with projections of future climatically-suitable habitat from climate and species distribution models, which are linked to a stochastic population model. The population model incorporates the effects of disturbance regimes and management actions on population viability. This framework: (1) ranks threats by their relative and cumulative impacts on population viability, such as land-use change, climate change, altered disturbance regimes or invasive species, and (2) ranks management responses in terms of their effectiveness for land protection, assisted dispersal, fire management and invasive species control. Too-frequent fire was often the top threat for the species studied, thus fire reduction was ranked the most important management option. Projected changes in suitable habitat as a result of climate change were generally large, but varied across species and climate scenarios; urban development could exacerbate loss of suitable habitat.
Blackleg disease on oilseed Brassica in Australia: a review

Blackleg, caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, is the major disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Australia. The development of blackleg-resistant B. napus varieties has been a major factor in the resurgence of the industry nationwide. The main sources of resistance used in Australian public breeding programs are Japanese spring varieties and French winter varieties. In these programs, all early generation material is screened in field blackleg nurseries sown on, or adjacent to, infested canola stubble from the previous season. Little is known about the genetic control of resistance, and the mechanisms responsible for generating pathogenic variability of L. maculans isolates in Australia is largely uncharacterised. Australian B. napus varieties are the most blackleg-resistant spring varieties in the world. Apart from growing blackleg-resistant varieties, other strategies that minimise infection and delay any breakdown in varietal resistance include growing canola on the same area only once every 3 years, destroying stubble, and eradicating volunteer plants between cropping seasons. Additionally, strategic use of chemicals can provide effective control to supplement varietal resistance in areas prone to severe blackleg infestation.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LICK SOILS: FUNCTIONS OF SOIL INGESTION BY FOUR UNGULATE SPECIES

Abstract Perspectives on the importance of natural salt licks to ungulates have been broadened beyond the role of providing sodium. This study examined the chemical compositions of wet and dry licks in north-central British Columbia, and defined the benefits of licks to elk (Cervus elaphus), moose (Alces alces), Stone's sheep (Ovis dalli stonei), and mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus). We analyzed soils for buffering compounds (carbonates) and estimated available elements from extractions with solutions at a low, digestive-tract pH. Even though the 2 types of licks are visually distinct, with different concentrations of chemical components, they serve similar functions as concentrated sources of sodium, carbonates, magnesium, and sulfate. Sodium and sulfate concentrations were typically higher at both wet and dry licks than control sites. Carbonates and magnesium were elevated in soils from dry licks and magnesium also was high in inflow waters to wet licks. We estimated elemental intake by ungulates from the composition of forage samples. Forages used by all 4 ungulate species were too low in sodium to meet requirements. Spring and summer forages contained high potassium levels. Licks in our study, therefore, provide ungulates with supplemental sources of sodium that are particularly beneficial to offset increasing demands during lactation and with carbonates to help stabilize rumen pH after forage changes in spring. Supplemental sources of magnesium may be actively sought by ungulates when high levels of dietary potassium affect absorption. To assess the importance of clay in soils ingested at licks, we determined the clay mineral types at licks and compared the buffering capacity of clay-filled fecal material collected at licks with fecal material collected away from licks. Further studies are needed to define the roles of clay in improving forage palatability and digestibility.
Hunting at the Abun Regional Marine Protected Areas: A Link Between Wildmeat and Food Security

Native Papuans are relied on hunting for subsistence purposes and significantly contributed to traditional cultures. However, in Papua information on hunting is limited and largely restricted to anthropological setting with most observations were done on the forest sites in lowland and highland landscapes. This study focuses on the contribution of hunting on food security along the coastal forests at the Bird's Head Peninsula. Do people live near coastal sites mostly rely on marine resources as protein source? We gathered data on hunting by the majority of Karon ethnic group in the Abun district of Tambrauw Regency at the Bird's Head Peninsula of Papua, Indonesia. We used information from in-depth interviews with hunters and households meal survey at four villages of Abun: Waibem, Wau, Warmandi and Saubeba. Reasons for hunting were varies among respondents but mostly conducted for trade. Six species of mammals and three birds were commonly hunted by using six different hunting techniques. Wild pig and rusa deer were the major targets in hunting to meet the demand of meat for both trading and household consumption. Meals containing wildmeat was the most consumed meal, greater than meals containing fish, animal products and vegetables, and noodles.
In Vitro Assays for Molecules That Inhibit Growth Cone Motility during Neural Development and Regeneration

Abstract There is increasing evidence that molecules that inhibit growth cone motility are involved in the guidance of axons to their appropriate targets during neural development and contribute to the suppression of axon regeneration in the mammalian CNS. Two tissue culture phenomena have been used to detect and monitor these molecules: inhibition of neurite outgrowth and growth cone collapse. In neurite outgrowth assays the inhibitory material is used as a culture substratum. It can be presented to neurons either as a continuous layer or in a form that growing axons will encounter, such as an explant or a stripe. Tissue explants or sections, monolayer cultures of cells, membrane fractions, and purified or partially purified material have all been used. In the growth cone collapse assay, the growth cones of axons extending on a permissive substratum are treated with liposomes incorporating the putative inhibitory material. This method is particularly useful for testing the inhibitory effects of membrane-derived molecules. The relevance of results obtained with these in vitro assays to axon growth phenomena in vivo must always be established. Their principal value lies in the provision of a means of monitoring biochemical purification procedures aimed at identifying and characterizing molecules that inhibit nerve growth.
DEVELOPMENT OF NANOEMULSION TO IMPROVE THE OCULAR BIOAVAILABILITY AND PATIENT COMPLIANCE IN POSTOPERATIVE TREATMENT USING INDOMETHACIN

Objective: To develop a new cationic nanoemulsion (NE) for ophthalmic delivery of indomethacin (IND) to improve the permeability and retention time of formulations, thereby improving the drug's ocular bioavailability. Methods: Based on the solubility profile of indomethacin in various solvents, captex 8000 was selected as oil phase, span 20 as a surfactant and tween 20 as co-surfactant to construct pseudo ternary phase diagrams and nanoemulsion region was recognized. Sonication was used as the method of NE preparation. Optimization was done using 3 2 factorial designs by considering the oil and the ratio of surfactant to co-surfactant (Smix) quantities as independent variables and evaluated for different physicochemical properties. Ex vivo transcorneal permeability was studied using bovine cornea, the In vivo drug pharmacokinetics of optimized NE and marketed formulation were assessed in rabbit aqueous humor and also in plasma. Results: The mean globule size, zeta potential, viscosity, refractive index, pH, surface tension and the osmolarity values for the prepared indomethacin nanoemulsions (IND-NEs) were found between 129.8±1.1 to 191.4±1.6 nm, +13.20±4.6 to+23.45±4.82, 15.3±0.1 to 32.7±0.0 mPas, 1.346±0.007 to 1.386±0.005, 5.5±0.4 to 6.9±0.9, 32.0±2.6 to 52.3±3.4 mN/m and 303-395 mOsm/l respectively and all these values found to be falling under the recommended values for ophthalmic use. From the In vitro release studies, it was found that the IND-NEs exhibited sustained drug release with 67.91±2.01 to 95.90±1.93 % drug release at 24h when compared to the drug solution which showed 99.81±5.21 % drug release within 2h. The Ex vivo drug permeation through the corneal membrane at 4h from the optimized NE and drug solution was found to be 524±1.5 µg/cm 2 and 175±2.6 µg/cm 2 respectively. Further, the optimized NE was found to be nonirritant with the lowest ocular irritation potential (Iirr) of 1 towards the rabbit's eyes. The area under the drug concentration vs. time curve for 24h (AUC (0–24h) ) for optimized NE and the marketed formulation was found to be 1514.99 ng/ml/h and 974.14 ng/ml/h in aqueous humour; 2266.83 ng/ml/h and 778.15 ng/ml/h in plasma respectively. Conclusion: Due to its improved corneal absorption and prolonged drug release along with less systemic absorption, the optimized NE offers an effective postoperative treatment with increased ocular bioavailability and improved patient compliance with a decrease in the number of installations per day and a decrease or disappearance of systemic side effects of IND.