Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is subjective wellbeing associated with depression? A cross-sectional survey in southeast England

Background Subjective wellbeing (SW) is a construct that aims to explain people’s self-reported thoughts and feelings about various aspects of their life. The concept is now increasingly used by governments and policy makers as one of the key measures of societal progress, and to inform and direct social and public health policy. There is little information on the possible impact of low SW on mental health conditions. We examined data from a population-based cross-sectional survey to assess possible association between SW and major depression. Methods The study used data from the health and wellbeing survey (n=2035) conducted in Brighton and Hove in 2012. SW was determined according to the UK Office of National Statistics (ONS) validated measures/questions on life satisfaction, fulfilment, happiness and anxiety; and prevalence of major depression was determined by using the standard Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36). Data were modeled using multiple logistic regression and the results are presented as adjusted odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results In the multivariate analysis, all the four ONS validated measures of SW were significantly associated with the prevalence of major depression: low life satisfaction (OR=2.9, 95% CI: 2.1-3.9), unfulfillment (OR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.8-3.2), unhappiness (OR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.3-2.3), anxiety (OR=2.9, 95% CI: 2.3-3.6). Overall, individuals with low SW were about 2 times more likely to report prevalence of major depression. Conclusions This study shows that there is a strong association between low (self-reported) SW and prevalence of major depression. Further studies are needed to ascertain the impact of low SW on other mental health conditions. Considering that major depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and a key contributor to the risk of suicide and ischemic heart disease, our findings highlight the importance and benefits of improving SW in individuals and populations. Key messages • Low (self-reported) subjective wellbeing is strongly associated with major depression. • Subjective wellbeing can be measured effectively to inform the development of social and public health policy to improve the health and wellbeing of individuals and populations.
Decision Support for Casualty Triage in Emergency Response

Mass-casualty incidents (MCI) cause a sudden increase in demand of medical resources in a region. The most important and challenging task in addressing an MCI is managing overwhelmed resources with the goal of increasing total number of survivors. Currently, most of the decisions following an MCI are made in an ad-hoc manner or by following static guidelines that do not account for amount of available resources and number of the casualties. The purpose of this dissertation is to introduce and analyze sophisticated service prioritization and resource allocation tools. These tools can be used to produce service order strategies that increase the overall number of survivors. There are several models proposed that account for number and mix of the casualties, and amount and type of the resources available. Large number of the elements involved in this problem makes the model very complex, and thus, in order to gain some insights into the structure of the optimal solutions, some of the proposed models are developed under simplifying assumptions. These assumptions include limitations on the number of casualty types, handling of deaths, servers, and types of resources. Under these assumptions several characteristics of the optimal policies are identified, and optimal algorithms for various scenarios are developed. We also develop an integrated model that addresses service order, transportation, and hospital selection. A comprehensive set of computational results and comparison with the related works in the literature are provided in order to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodologies. This work was supported in parts by the National Science Foundation (Grant #1055360) and Carilion Clinic.
Influences on the ICT practices reported by selected ESOL teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand secondary schools.

This study investigates selected ESOL teachers’ reported perceptions of the factors that influence their ICT practices in their professional life in New Zealand secondary schools. It aims to give voice to the ESOL teachers who have been historically marginalised in New Zealand secondary schools, and to inform other stakeholders, including the leadership in the schools and policy-makers, about ESOL teachers’ concerns and challenges. The primary data source was semi-structured interviews with 21 secondary ESOL teachers from around New Zealand. Professional conversations with some experts in the field and analysis of seven documents served as secondary sources of data to elucidate themes. A number of factors were reported by these teachers to influence their practice with ICT including: teachers’ personal characteristics and confidence, the professional development that was available to them, the complexity of English language learners (ELLs) pastoral and language needs, and the organisation of the their schools. The Arena framework of change with digital technologies (Davis, 2018) was used to provide detailed descriptions of the complex ecosystems in which three individual ESOL teachers were positioned. Each teacher was mapped at the centre of one Arena in their ESOL classroom with ELLs who had a wide range of linguistic and cultural backgrounds spanning migrants (including refugees), international fee-paying students, and overseas exchange students. The students had diverse linguistic, educational, and emotional needs. The ecological lens offered in Davis’s framework clarified that these ESOL teachers were working in increasingly challenging ecosystems, and their reported behaviour as a member of the “keystone species” of teachers in these educational ecosystems evolved over time and varied with the behaviour of interacting ecosystems, locally, nationally, and globally. Additional analytical tools and theoretical frameworks applied include Nations’s (2007) second language pedagogical principles, SAMR (Puentedura, 2013) levels of ICT integration, and Davis’s (2018) synthesis of concerns-based adoption models. Change with ICT in ESOL classrooms is likely to continue to increase in complexity with the continuing co-evolution of ICT and education (Davis, 2018). This study demonstrates that New Zealand ESOL teachers face more challenges than has previously been recognised. The findings of this study also indicate that changes in ESOL teachers’ ICT practices are not achievable without considerable effort over time from each ESOL teacher, professionally relevant ongoing PLD, and support from their schools and communities. These findings have implications for teachers, school leaders, providers of teacher education, and policymakers. Table of
Optimizing health worker roles to improve access to key maternal and newborn health interventions through task shifting. WHO recommendations.

The World Health Organization’s recommendations on optimizing the roles of health workers aim to help address critical health workforce shortages that slow down progress towards the health-related Millennium Development Goals. A more rational distribution of tasks and responsibilities among cadres of health workers can significantly improve both access and cost-effectiveness -- for example by training and enabling ‘mid-level’ and ‘lay’ health workers to perform specific interventions otherwise provided only by cadres with longer (and sometimes more specialized) training. These recommendations are intended for health policy-makers managers and other stakeholders at a regional national and international level. WHO hopes that countries will adapt and implement them to meet local needs. The recommendations were developed through a formal structured process including a thorough review of available evidence. The process and the recommendations are described in the related documents.
Using virtual reality for tourism marketing: A mediating role of self-presence

ABSTRACT Despite increasing interest in using virtual reality (VR) for tourism marketing, limited empirical evidence exists regarding consumers’ psychological response toward VR. The current study investigates the effectiveness of different media—head-mounted display (HMD) or computer—used to view 360-degree tourism promotional videos as well as the impact of different information sources featured in a VR tourism video on destination image formation and intention to visit. The experiment featured a 2 (media: HMD vs. computer) x 2 (information source: tour guide vs. peer) between-subjects design. Findings indicate that the type of media used to view VR promotional videos significantly impacts destination image but not intention to visit. The role of different types of information sources on destination image and intention to visit was found to be non-significant. The findings suggest that virtual reality offers an effective means to promote tourism, particularly because the enhanced sense of presence provided via HMD leads to a more positive image of the destination.
Racial Differences in HIV Infection and Risk Behaviors among Drug Users in a Low Seroprevalence Area

While it is well known that the rate of AIDS and HIV for African Americans is considerably higher than it is for whites, both the reasons for this difference and the extent to which racial differences can be generalized to low seroprevalence areas are less clear. Using data collected from a sample of 1393 out-of-treatment chronic drug users in a low seroprevalence area, we examine differences between HIV serostatus of non-Hispanic African Americans (n=907) and non-Hispanic whites (n=231) who agreed to HIV testing. Our results show a significantly higher seropositive rate among African American current injecting drug users and current crack users who have injected drugs. Differences in seropositive rates among crack users who have never injected drugs are non-significant, although the rate is still higher among African Americans. We also compare needle-risk behaviors, crack use, sexual risk behaviors, and perceptions of HIV risk for African-American and white drug users in our sample. The pattern of differences we find in risk behaviors between African-American drug users and white drug users underlines the important role that crack cocaine may play in HIV infection in the African-American community and the need for more intervention programs designed specifically for heterosexual African-American drug users.
Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Reservoir Storage Reliability, Resilience, and Vulnerability Using a Multivariate Frequency Bias Correction Approach

Raw simulations of global or regional climate models are rarely used in catchment scale hydrological impact assessment or subsequent reservoir storage change assessment studies. Keeping this in mind, this study uses a frequency bias correction alternative for multiple variables to evaluate the impact of climate change on reservoir storage reliability, resilience, and vulnerability across Australia. The bias‐corrected time series of daily rainfall and temperature are used as inputs to a hydrological model to derive flows and assess change to reservoir storage attributes. A total of six fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project climate models dynamically downscaled using the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model are used. Streamflow data of 222 high‐quality catchments in near‐natural conditions across Australia are used and change ascertained. The results for the historical climate show that the multivariate frequency bias correction approach outperforms the traditional quantile matching alternative in representing the runoff characteristics related to reservoir storage. For the future climate, the results suggest decrease in the annual mean runoff for most catchments. The proposed approach leads to a smaller decrease in the standard deviation of annual runoff and a reduction in the water supply capability, as indicated by a reduction in reliability and resilience and an increase in vulnerability, to meet the demand in comparison to both raw and quantile matching‐based climate simulations across for most catchments. Overall, a reduction in water supply capability to meet a given demand in the future for most regional climate models and catchments is projected.
Facile template synthesis of dumbbell-like Mn2O3 with oxygen vacancies for efficient degradation of organic pollutants by activating peroxymonosulfate

In this work, novel dumbbell-like Mn2O3 was prepared using a low-cost and environmentally friendly template (gelatin) and applied to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for pollutant degradation. The characterization results showed that dumbbell-like microstructures were formed by the self-assembly of tiny nanoparticles. Mn2O3-G (gelatin as the template) as a heterogeneous catalyst for PMS activation could effectively degrade various pollutants and exhibited an excellent degradation rate of rhodamine B (0.2333 min−1, in 30 min) for PMS activation compared to Mn2O3-C (carboxymethyl cellulose as the template), Mn2O3-N (without a template), and MnO2. The superior catalytic performance of Mn2O3-G was ascribed to its high oxygen vacancy content. The radical scavenging and EPR experiments revealed that SO4˙−, OH˙, O2˙−, and 1O2 were identified as reactive species generated from PMS activation. The oxygen vacancies participated in the generation of the reactive species. Thus, a facile and environmentally friendly method is provided for the synthesis of dumbbell-like Mn2O3 as a high-efficiency catalyst for PMS activation. Furthermore, this study shows a new mechanistic insight into PMS activation on Mn2O3.
Single-cell transcriptome analyses recapitulate the cellular and developmental responses to abiotic stresses in rice

The metabolism and reproduction of plants depend on the division of labors among cells. However, cells with various functions are often studied as a bulk where their specificities were diluted. Here, we apply single-cell RNA sequencing to the aerial part of rice seedlings growing in various environments. We capture the transcriptomes of thousands of cells, identify all major cell types, and reconstruct their developmental trajectories. We find that abiotic stresses not only affect gene expression in a cell-type-specific manner but also have impacts on the physical size of cells and the composition of cell populations. We validate some of these conclusions with microscopy and provide developmental mechanisms with computational analyses. Collectively, our study represents a benchmark-setting data resource of single-cell transcriptome atlas in rice and an illustration of exploiting such resource to drive discoveries in plant biology.
The TRIPS agreement implementation in Mexico. Implications for social responsibility and development

The relation between intellectual property vs international commerce can be either positive, or negative, favoring certain countries with better technological infrastructure or increasing their international commerce, but it might also represent a barrier to commerce in case of abuse with its implementation. It could also be an impediment for social responsibility, remarkably in case of developing nations. This research focuses on intellectual property rights in Mexico, its effects on international competitiveness, and analyzes the influence of the TRIPS1 Agreement on Mexico's technological upgrade, modernization and industrialization and the effects it has on the social responsibility aspects, such as human rights, poverty eradication and the relation between supply chain and sustainability.
Ipilimumab in the treatment of uveal melanoma: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience.

8549 Background: Ipilimumab (ipi) is an antibody that blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and improves overall survival in patients (pts) with metastatic melanoma. Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare and biologically unique disease subtype with no known effective systemic therapy. Ipi has proven efficacy in cutaneous melanoma (CM), but limited data exists regarding its activity in UM. We reviewed our single-institutional experience with ipi in advanced UM. Methods: After IRB approval, the MSKCC melanoma database was queried for patients with metastatic UM treated with ipi between 03/08-01/12. Radiographic response by RECIST and immune-related response criteria (irRC) was assessed by a single radiologist blinded to clinical outcomes. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs), survival and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) were also evaluated. Results: 20 pts were identified: the median age was 61yrs (range 46-83), 55% were male, 85% had liver metastases, 60% had elevated LDH, and pts reported a median of .
Survey of Periocular Recognition Techniques

Periocular recognition has evolved over the years and has been shown to possess discriminative features for personal identification either as a stand-alone trait or when fused with other modalities such as face and iris, especially in unconstrained scenarios. It has a number of advantages, first being the region could be easily cropped from existing face images. Secondly, unlike the iris, its capturing process is less intrusive. This area of the face is easily captured with ease from the subject, for example by surveillance cameras. Thirdly, in crime scenes where masks hide the face or in cases where the subject's face is covered due to religious or cultural beliefs, the periocular region could still be captured providing useful details, that is, it is robust to face occlusion and is least affected by expression change. This survey relates the various techniques employed for periocular recognition at different stages: segmentation approaches, image preprocessing methods, feature extraction and matching algorithms. This survey is meant to facilitate a quick grasp of the development in this area for interested students, researchers as well as enthusiasts in the field of biometrics or any related application area. Information about the various databases used for performance evaluation of these techniques as well as the performance indicators is also provided.
West Nile Virus Infection in Human and Animals: Potential Risks in Malaysia

West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic RNA virus maintained in enzootic cycles involving mosquito mainly Culex and Aedes spp. as the vector and birds as the reservoir host. WNV is endemic in Africa, Europe and Western Asia. Human infection results in asymptomatic illness such as fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, swollen lymph glands and neuroinvasive disease are seen in less than 1% of infected persons. The spectrum of symptoms in animals includes fever, weakness and paralysis of hind limbs, impaired vision, ataxia, head pressing, aimless wandering, seizures, inability to swallow, walking in circles and coma. Based on the previous study in Malaysia, the antibody and nucleic acid against WNV were detected in Orang Asli, captive birds and horses. In this paper, potential risk factors contributing to WNV occurrence are discussed. How the disease or infection is diagnosed and controlled was also discussed.
Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by Ponseti method: a prospective evaluation

Background: From long time clubfoot has been a clinical challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. It is one of the commonest congenital deformity of the musculoskeletal system in children. Each year more than 1,00,000 babies are born with congenital clubfoot. 80% of which occur in developing countries. Methods: 60 feet in 40 children were treated by the Ponseti method from September 2014 to august 2016. Prospective follow up for a mean duration of 18 months was undertaken. The deformity was evaluated by Pirani score before and after the treatment. At the end of treatment all feet were functionally classified into good, fair and poor. Results: The average number of casts applied before full correction was 8. 21.66% of the feets needed tenotomy before full correction. 90% of the patients showed good results, 3.3% had fair results and 6.6% of patients had poor results. There was a significant difference in the pre-treatment and post-treatment pirani score values. Conclusions: Ponseti method of manipulation and plaster casting is very effective to correct club foot deformity.
Multi-Objective Optimization for Selecting and Siting the Cost-Effective BMPs by Coupling Revised GWLF Model and NSGAII Algorithm

Best management practices (BMPs) are an effective way to control water pollution. However, identification of the optimal distribution and cost-effect of BMPs provides a great challenge for watershed policy makers. In this paper, a semi-distributed, low-data, and robust watershed model, the Revised Generalized Watershed Loading Function (RGWLF), is improved by adding the pollutant attenuation process in the river channel and a bank filter strips reduction function. Three types of pollution control measures—point source wastewater treatment, bank filter strips, and converting farmland to forest—are considered, and the cost of each measure is determined. Furthermore, the RGWLF watershed model is coupled with a widely recognized multi-objective optimization algorithm, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII), the combination of which is applied in the Luanhe watershed to search for spatial BMPs for dissolved nitrogen (DisN). Fifty scenarios were finally selected from numerous possibilities and the results indicate that, at a minimum cost of 9.09 × 107 yuan, the DisN load is 3.1 × 107 kg and, at a maximum cost of 1.77 × 108 yuan, the total dissolved nitrogen load is 1.31 × 107 kg; with the no-measures scenario, the DisN load is 4.05 × 107 kg. This BMP optimization model system could assist decision-makers in determining a scientifically comprehensive plan to realize cost-effective goals for the watershed.