Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amphotericin-B loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Intended for Oral Delivery : Biodistribution , Pharmacokinetic and Scintigraphy Study in Rabbit Model

The objective of this work was to explore the targeting efficiency of Amphotericin B (AmpB) following oral administration by introducing chitosan (CH) nanoparticles (NPs) as a delivery system. The AmpB loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) were prepared by ionic gelation of CH with tripolyphosphate anions and had a mean size, zeta potential, loading capacity and entrapment efficiency of 440±7 nm, +22 ± . 2 mV, 9.02% ± . 07% and 58% respectively. The strong positive charge at the NP’s surface suggests that the proposed delivery system has interaction with the mucus membrane of intestine and absorbs the drug AmpB at intestinal site after oral administration. For the successful oral delivery of AmpB, bio distribution, pharmacokinetic and scintigraphy study were performed in rabbits. Biodistribution of Amp-CHNP formulation in the rabbit’s blood following oral administration was performed using optimized technetium labeled (99mTclabeled) AmpB formulation. The high values in stomach and intestine for AmpB loaded CHNPs are suggestive that the major part of the drug was reaching in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Gamma scintigraphy imaging of rabbit following oral administration were performed to determine the localization of drug in body. The results clearly suggest that the formulation remains for a longer period of time in GIT which initially was in the anterior part of GIT and later migrates to the posterior part of GIT. These encouraging results confirmed the development of an oral delivery system of AmpB which bypass the side effects occurring from the traditional parenteral delivery system of the antibiotic AmpB.
TOPOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF GENERIC PIECEWISE CONTRACTIVE MAPS IN n DIMENSIONS

We study the topological dynamics by iterations of a piecewise continuous, non linear and locally contractive map in a real finite dimensional compact ball. We consider those maps satisfying the "separation property": different continuity pieces have disjoint images. The continuity pieces act as stable topological manifolds while the points in the discontinuity lines, sep- arating different continuity pieces, act as topological saddles with an infinite expanding rate. We prove that C 0 generical systems exhibit one and at most a finite number of persistent periodic sinks attracting all the orbits. In other words, the chaotic behaviors that this class of mappings may exhibit, are struc- turally unstable and bifurcating.
Local uniqueness in the inverse conductivity problem with one measurement

We prove local uniqueness of a domain D entering the conductivity equation div((1 + X(D))Vu) = 0 in a bounded planar domain Q given the Cauchy data for u on a part of OQ . The main assumption is that Vu has zero index on Oa which is easy to guarantee by choosing special boundary data for u . To achieve our goals we study index of critical points of u on 00. We are interested in finding a simply connected domain D entering the conductivity equation div((l +X(D))Vu) =0 from one exterior boundary. measurement (the Cauchy data for u on a piece of boundary of a given planar domain Q2 containing D). This problem is fundamental for electrical and seismical prospection, but not much is known about it at present. The only available uniqueness results are for convex polyhedrons [FI] or cylinders [IP]. There are more general results when D is assumed to be close to a given domain Do. In [CV], a local uniqueness theorem is proved, under the technical assumption which involves a condition on the interior values of Vu. In [BFI], [P], under assumptions on the boundary data which guarantee that Vu has zero index on D92, and under the restrictive assumption that ODo, AD are (piecewise) analytic, local uniqueness results have been obtained. In this paper we remove this last assumption and we show that solutions D E C'+A of the inverse problem are isolated. Notation. B(a; r) is the ball of radius r centered at a; v is the (exterior) unit normal to the boundary, D/Dz = 1/2(a/9x iD/Dy), D/D2 = 1/2(a/Dx + 0/Dy) a 1 k+A(-Q) is the norm in the Holder space Ck+A(Q) of functions whose partial derivatives up to order k are Holder continuous of exponent A, 0 < A < 1. C denote positive constants which depend only on 2, Do and M. Received by the editors June 29, 1993 and, in revised form, November 9, 1994. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 35R30; Secondary 31A25, 86A22. The first author has been supported in part by Fondi MURST 40%, 60%. The second author's research is partially supported by the National Science Foundation grant DMS-91-01421. The third author's work was partly funded by the Applied Mathematical Sciences subprogram of the Office of Energy Research of the United States Department of Energy under the contract W-7405-ENG-82. (@ 1995 American Mathematical Society
Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet

ÖZET: Organizmada hücreler arası uyum, yaşamın devamlılığının temel kuralını oluşturmaktadır. Bu uyum, çeşitli hücre içi ve hücre dışı faktörler yardımıyla gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu faktörlerin bir grubunu hücre adezyon molekülleri oluşturur. Hücre adezyon molekülleri; integrinler, selektinler, immunoglobulin süper ailesi ve kaderinler olmak üzere 4 grupta toplanır. Prenatal ve postnatal dönemlerde hücrede meydana gelen gelişim aşamaları; hücresel proliferasyon, göç, farklılaşma ve olgunlaşmada görev alırlar. Hücre hareketlerinin organizasyonunda, immun ve inflamatuvar yanıtın ortaya çıkmasında da oldukça önemli rolleri vardır. Bu derlemede adezyon moleküllerinin yapısal özellikleri ve bu özelliklere bağlı olarak hücreler arası etkileşimdeki fonksiyonları değerlendirilmektedir.
Korat-API : an API for building constraint solving problems for Korat

vi List of Figures . ix Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Illustrative Examples . 5 2.1 Model counting and separable constraints . 5 2.2 Input generation . 7 Chapter 3: Korat-API . 11 3.1 API. 11 3.1. 1 Defining fields . 12 3.1. 2 Defining Constraints . 13 3.1. 3 Defining the bounds on the state space . 16 3.1. 4 Defining the analysis to perform . 16 3.2 Algorithms . 17 3.2.1 Declare classes . 18 3.2.2 Generate repOk . 22 3.2. 3 Generate finitization method . 25 3.2. 4 Generate and run constraint solving problem for korat (CSP4K)28 Chapter 4: Demonstration . 30 4.1 Singly-linked list . 30 4.2 Heap path conditions from symbolic pathfinder . 35 4.3 Binary Search tree . 42
3.9 day orbital modulation in the TeV gamma-ray flux and spectrum from the X-ray binary LS 5039

New observations of LS 5039, a High Mass X-ray Binary comprising a massive star and compact object, were carried out with the High Energy Stereoscopic System of Cherenkov Telescopes (H.E.S.S.) in 2005 at very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray energies. These observations reveal that its flux and energy spectrum are modulated with the 3.9 day orbital period of the binary system. This is the first time in gamma-ray astronomy that orbital modulation has been observed, and periodicity clearly established using ground-based gamma-ray detectors. The VHE gamma-ray emission is largely confined to half of the orbit, peaking around the inferior conjunction epoch of the compact object. For this epoch, there is also a hardening of the energy spectrum in the energy range between 0.2 TeV and a few TeV. The flux vs. orbital phase profile provides the first clear indication of gamma-ray absorption via pair production within an astrophysical source, a process which is expected to occur if the gamma-ray production site is situated within ~1 AU of the compact object. Moreover the production region size must be not significantly greater than the binary separation (~0.15 AU). Notably, these constraints are also considerably smaller than the collimated outflows or jets (extending out to ~1000 AU) observed in LS 5039. The spectral hardening could arise from variations with phase in the maximum electron energies, and/or the dominant VHE gamma-ray production mechanism.
DISCOVERING THE MISSING 2.2 < z < 3 QUASARS BY COMBINING OPTICAL VARIABILITY AND OPTICAL/NEAR-INFRARED COLORS

The identification of quasars in the redshift range 2.2 < z < 3 is known to be very inefficient because the optical colors of such quasars are indistinguishable from those of stars. Recent studies have proposed using optical variability or near-infrared (near-IR) colors to improve the identification of the missing quasars in this redshift range. Here we present a case study combining both methods. We select a sample of 70 quasar candidates from variables in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82, which are non-ultraviolet excess sources and have UKIDSS near-IR public data. They are clearly separated into two parts on the Y − K/g − z color–color diagram, and 59 of them meet or lie close to a newly proposed Y − K/g − z selection criterion for z < 4 quasars. Of these 59 sources, 44 were previously identified as quasars in SDSS DR7, and 35 of them are quasars at 2.2 < z < 3. We present spectroscopic observations of 14 of 15 remaining quasar candidates using the Bok 2.3 m telescope and the MMT 6.5 m telescope, and successfully identify all of them as new quasars at z = 2.36–2.88. We also apply this method to a sample of 643 variable quasar candidates with SDSS-UKIDSS nine-band photometric data selected from 1875 new quasar candidates in SDSS Stripe 82 given by Butler & Bloom based on the time-series selections, and find that 188 of them are probably new quasars with photometric redshifts at 2.2 < z < 3. Our results indicate that the combination of optical variability and optical/near-IR colors is probably the most efficient way to find 2.2 < z < 3 quasars and is very helpful for constructing a complete quasar sample. We discuss its implications for ongoing and upcoming large optical and near-IR sky surveys.
SECURITY AGENCIES AND THE PROBLEM OF ELECTION MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA’S FOURTH REPUBLIC: A PROGNOSIS OF THE YARDUA/JONATHAN ADMINISTRATION (2007-2015)

-This paper makes a prognosis of the impact of security agencies in election management in Nigeria with particular reference to reforms made during the Yardua/Jonathan administration (2007-2015). Election has been recognized as one of the salient determinant of a quality democratic process throughout the globe. The role of security agencies are crucial to the success of election because credible election requires among others a high degree of neutrality, alertness and commitment of the security personnel in maintaining law and order, and ensuring security of voters, candidates and election materials during and after the electoral process. This study argued that the elections in Nigeria however continue to suffer wanton abuses and gross violation of this standard as security agencies are observed in some cases not to be neutral but showed open support for candidates. It was further observed that in some recorded cases security personnel are accused of conniving with party thugs and gangsters in their nefarious act of rigging, victimization and intimidation of political opponent during general elections. On the basis of this, the following conclusion were made; that the politicization of security institutions by the ruling elite, the deployment of inexperience security personnel, paucity of security information on the side of the security agencies to respond to security threat as at when due, problem of ineffective information communication technology among others are the major challenges faced in effective management of the electoral processes in Nigeria’s fourth republic. The population of the study consisted of the entire staff of INEC, Security Agencies and the general public. Data for the study was collected through secondary sources. Based on the findings of the study and the conclusions drawn, it was recommended among other things that there is need for the sensitization of the security agencies as to what their role should be in an election and their status as a neutral party in the process. Keyword: Security Agencies, Election Management, General Elections, Violence, Election Rigging.
Depinning transition of dislocation assemblies: Pileups and low-angle grain boundaries

We investigate the depinning transition occurring in dislocation assemblies. In particular, we consider the cases of regularly spaced pileups and low-angle grain boundaries interacting with a disordered stress landscape provided by solute atoms, or by other immobile dislocations present in nonactive slip systems. Using linear elasticity, we compute the stress originated by small deformations of these assemblies and the corresponding energy cost in two and three dimensions. Contrary to the case of isolated dislocation lines, which are usually approximated as elastic strings with an effective line tension, the deformations of a dislocation assembly cannot be described by local elastic interactions with a constant tension or stiffness. A nonlocal elastic kernel results as a consequence of long-range interactions between dislocations. In light of this result, we revise statistical depinning theories of dislocation assemblies and compare the theoretical results with numerical simulations and experimental data.
Evaluation of the serum concentration of selected inflammatory cytokines in patients with carotid artery stenosis

Background: The inflammatory process plays an important role in the formation, growth and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaque narrowing the internal carotid artery. The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of TNF-alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in the serum of patients with internal carotid artery stenosis. Another aim was to compare the concentrations of these inflammatory markers in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis. Material and methods: The study included 65 patients (F/M 20/45; aged 66.29 ± 7.77; 55–80) with symptomatic (39 individuals) or asymptomatic (26 individuals) atherosclerotic internal carotid artery stenosis above 50% on one or both sides. The control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers (F/M 20/10; aged 61.03 ± 9.08; 50–78). Results: The mean serum concentration of interleukin-6 was significantly higher both in the group of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic ICA stenosis, as compared with the control group (p = 0.0002; p = 0.0208, respectively) There were no significant differences in serum concentration of THF-alpha and interleukin-10 between patients and control group. Conclusions: Patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery have shown significantly elevated levels of interleukin-6 in the serum, which suggests that it is involved in the disease process. 58 Przemysław Puz et al. Evaluation of the serum concentration of selected inflammatory cytokines in patients with carotid artery stenosis Polish Surgery 2014, 16, 2 Cytokines and other inflammatory mediators in patients with carotid artery stenosis require further studies which would allow for a better understanding of the effect on the formation and activity of atherosclerotic lesions.
Cordgrass Biomass in Coastal Marshes

Cordgrasses (Genus Spartina) are one of the most abundant and geographically wide spread halophytes, due to natural and human-mediated dispersal. S. alterniflora Loisel, S. patens (Aiton) Muhl. , S. spartinae (Trin.) Merr. ex Hitchc. and S. cynosuroides (L.) Roth are native from coastal salt marshes along the East Coast of the American continent, S. foliosa Trin. is native to South Californian salt marshes, S. densiflora Brongn. and S. argentinensis Parodi grow naturally in South American salt marshes and S. maritima (Curtis) Fernald, S. versicolor Fabre, S. x townsendii Groves and S. anglica C.E. Hubbard are autochthonous species from European estuaries (Fabre, 1849; Moberley, 1956). Cordgrasses have been introduced to distant salt marshes where they usually behave as invaders. For example, S. densiflora colonizes as an alien species the West Coast of North America from San Francisco Bay to British Columbia, the West Coast of Morocco and the Gulf of Cadiz at Southwest Iberian Peninsula (Bortolus, 2006). Cordgrasses are able to colonize contrasted environments throughout the intertidal gradient such as low marshes and salt pans, and along river channels such as sand spits at river mouths and brackish wetlands landwards. These different coastal marsh habitats show high abiotic and biotic environmental heterogeneity and cordgrasses exhibit a high level of phenotypic plasticity (e.g. Thompson, 1991; Thompson et al., 1991; Trnka & Zedler, 2000; Castillo et al., 2005a). Moreover, some Spartina species have developed ecotypes during the process of adaptation to different environmental conditions (e.g. Seliskar et al., 2002; Alvarez et al., 2010). It is also frequent that invasive and native Spartina species hybridized. Hybrids may become new allopolyploid species such as S. anglica (Schierenbeck & Ellstrand, 2009) and they can develop transgressive traits (e.g. Castillo et al., 2010). Salt marshes are among the most productive ecosystems in spite of a low plant species richness due to a very stressful environment related with long flooding periods and high salinities (Adam, 1990). Living in this extreme environment, cordgrasses are able to develop dense tussocks, clumps and prairies that may accumulate very high belowand aboveground biomass. The biomass of cordgrasses plays a very important role in the functioning of salt marshes and estuaries. For example, it controls the development of ecological succession, organizes space occupation of other plants and animals, and plays a key role in estuarine food webs. This chapter analyses interand intra-specific variations in the biomass of cordgrasses growing in coastal marshes all around the world.
CROSSED-INVERSE AND RELATED LOOPS(1)

Introduction. Crossed-inverse (C.I.) loops are loops in which the identity xy -x'=y holds for all x, y of the loop, „' being the right inverse of x. Such loops have already been studied [l; 2], and the results were useful in the study of neofields [6] and of geometrical subjects [3]. C.I. loops are special automorphic-inverse loops, that is, loops satisfying the identity (xy)' =x'y', for all x, y in the loop. The first section of this paper deals with isotopic C.I. loops, and they are proved to be also isomorphic. Then the autotopisms of C.I. loops are studied, and the main result of this part is the fact that the "companions" of all the autotopisms, i.e. the elements that correspond to the translation elements of the isotopisms, form a subloop which is commutative and Moufang. §2 of the paper gives a necessary condition for the existence of finite automorphicinverse loops consisting only of the unit element and inverse-cycles [cf. 1 ] of the same length. The condition concerning the equal length of all inversecycles is necessary for the transitivity of the automorphism group of the loop [2 ] and hence for the possibility of considering the loop as the additive loop of a neoring. The third part deals with a method of constructing infinite automorphic-inverse loops satisfying also certain other identities. The author is grateful to R. H. Bruck for fruitful discussions on the subject of this paper. 1.1. Definitions. 1.11. The biunique mapping which maps every element, c, of a loop (G, ■) on its right inverse will be called J. Thus c-cJ=l, and cj~1c = l. In automorphic-inverse loops J is an automorphism. 1.12. In the principal isotope of the loop G, with the new operation (*) such that ag*fb=ab, tor all a, b in G, the ordered pair (g, f) is called the pair of translation elements of the principal isotope. 1.2. Elementary properties of C.I. loops. 1.21. The identities abaJ = b and a(b-aJ) =b are equivalent. Proof. If P and Q are biunique mappings of the loop onto itself, then PQ = I, the identity mapping, if and only if QP = I. Let L(x) and R(x) be,
Synchrotron Radiation: Applications in Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Brain Tumors

S. Kaiser Ali1, Umashankar Das2, Yanjie Lu3, Vijayanada Kundapur4 and Tim May5 1College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and Provincial Leader, Pediatric Oncology Program of Saskatchewan 2College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan and Cancer Research Unit, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency 3Cancer Research Unit, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency 4College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and Saskatoon Cancer Centre Saskatchewan Cancer Agency 5Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan Canada
The study of self-care agency in patients with diabetes (Ardabil)

هديكچ فده و هنيمز : يراميب نيرت عياش زا يكي تبايد وشك همه رد يتشادهب لكشم نيرتگرزب نينچمه و نمزم ياه يم اهر دشاب . نيرتمهم دربهار يراميب لرتنك ياه نمزم ، يم دوخ زا تبقارم ياهراتفر دشاب . تبايد هب لاتبم دارفا يتبقارمدوخ ناوت نييعت فده اب هعلاطم نيا هعجارم ينيمخ ماما ناتسراميب هب هدننك ) هر ( ماجنا ليبدرا ناتسرهش دش . شور قيقحت : هعلاطم نيا رد يفيصوت يعطقم ، 92 ف در 20 ات 65 هلاس رد هك تبايد هب لاتبم ينامز هلصاف ناتسمز زا هام كي لاس 1388 رد ينيمخ ماما ناتسراميب ) هر ( يرتسب ليبدرا ،دندوب هدش دروم يسررب دنتفرگ رارق . هداد اه شور هب هبحاصم يروآدرگ قيقحت و زا هدافتسا اب رازبا زا تبقارم ناوت يتبايد ناراميب دوخ (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities) ماجنا دش . هتفاي اه : و نيگنايم اب شهوژپ ياهدحاو يتبقارمدوخ ناوت رايعم فارحنا رد دح فيعض دوب . يلماوع زا تبايد عون ليبق ) 02 / 0 P= ( ، تنوكس لحم ) 01 / 0 P= ( ، نس ) 01 / 0 P= ( تلايصحت حطس ، ) 01 / 0 P= ( و شزومآ هقباس ) 02 / 0 P= ( ، نعم طابترا ي ب يراد ناوت ا يتبقارمدوخ دنتشاد دارفا . هجيتن يريگ : ناوت يتبقارمدوخ رد شهوژپ ياهدحاو دح فيعض دوب ؛ مهم شقن هب هجوت اب تيلاعف يراميب لرتنك رد يتبقارمدوخ ياه ،تبايد ناراتسرپ تسا مزلا رد يراتسرپ تلاخادم نيح وخ ياهزاين نييعت و ناراميب دوخ زا تبقارم ياهراتفر يسررب اب ،نانآ يتبقارمد همانرب يزير اقترا يارب ار مزلا ياه ي دنيامن ارجا و نيودت ناراميب دوخ زا تبقارم ياهراتفر .
An Iterative Approach for Constructing Immersed Finite Element Spaces and Applications to Interface Problems

In this paper, an iterative approach for constructing immersed finite element spaces is developed for various interface conditions of interface problems involving multiple primary variables. Combining such iteratively constructed immersed finite element spaces with the distributed Lagrange multiplier/fictitious domain (DLM/FD) method, we further present a new discretization method that can uniformly solve general interface problems with multiple primary variables and/or with different governing equations on either side of the interface, including fluid-structure interaction problems. The strengths of the proposed method are shown in the numerical experiments for Stokesand Stokes/elliptic interface problems with different types of interface conditions, where, the optimal or nearly optimal convergence rates are obtained for the velocity variable in H1, L2 and L∞ norms, and at least 1.5-th order convergence for the pressure variable in L2 norm within few number of iterations. In addition, numerical experiments show that such iterative process uniformly converges and the number of iteration is independent of mesh ratios and jump ratios.