Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression and its correlates in South Africa and Ghana among people aged 50 and above: Findings from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health.

OBJECTIVE The growth of the older adult population in Africa demands more knowledge about their chronic health problems, such as depression. The aim of this paper is to estimate depression prevalence and identify correlates of depression among older adults in Ghana and South Africa. METHOD The WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE study) was conducted in Ghana and South Africa from 2007 to 2009 by the World Health Organization, using a standardized questionnaire among an adult population. Our analyses included 4289 adults aged 50 and above in Ghana and 3668 in South Africa. Depression was measured using self-reported symptoms over the last 12 months according to ICD-10 criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of mild depression was 6.7% and 2.7% in Ghana and South Africa, respectively (p<.001), with a gender difference only in Ghana. Factors independently associated with depression among women in Ghana were migration and lack of current work. Similarly, higher age, lack of current work and lower quality of life were independently associated with depression among women in South Africa, whereas higher age and lower quality of life were associated with depression among men in South Africa. CONCLUSIONS Ghana had a higher depression rate than South Africa and we identified different factors associated with depression among men and women in these two countries. Our finding underscores the need for culture- and gender-sensitive approaches for the prevention and management of depression among the older adult population in Ghana and South Africa.
The Relationship Between Terrorism and Basic Macroeconomic Indicators in Turkey

Ekonomik birimlerin davranislarini ve gelecege yonelik beklentilerini etkileyen terorizm, makroekonominin temel dinamikleri uzerinde onemli degisikliklere yol acabilmektedir. Benzer sekilde ulkelerin makroekonomik gostergelerinde meydana gelen bir degisiklik de terorist faaliyetlerin olusumunu dogrudan etkileyebilmektedir. Turkiye’de terorizmin ekonomik ve mali yapi uzerindeki etkisini anlayabilmek icin terorist faaliyetlerin sektorler uzerindeki etkisi incelenmistir. Bu calismanin amaci, toplumun refahini dogrudan etkileyen kisi basi reel gayrisafi yurtici hâsila, tuketici fiyat endeksi ve toplam yatirim miktari gibi temel makroekonomik gostergeler ile terorizm arasindaki iliskiyi Pairwise Granger nedensellik testi ve VAR yontemi araciligiyla ortaya koymaktir. Bu amac dogrultusunda Kuresel Terorizm veri tabani ve Dunya Bankasi Ekonomik Gostergeler veri tabanindan alinan 1968-2015 donemine ait yillik verilerle yapilan analiz sonucunda terorizm ve kisi basi reel gayri safi yurtici hâsila arasinda terorizmden kisi basi reel gayri safi yurtici hasilaya dogru tek yonlu; terorizm ve toplam yatirim arasinda yine terorizmden toplam yatirimlara dogru tek yonlu bir Granger nedensellik tespit edilmistir. Varyans ayristirmasi sonuclarina bakildiginda ise kisa donemde bagimli degisken olarak kullanilan terorizmde meydana gelen bir degisimi aciklamada en fazla etkiyi sirasiyla kisi basi reel gayrisafi yurtici hâsila, toplam yatirim ve tuketici fiyat endeksi gosterirken; uzun donemde en fazla etkiyi sirasiyla toplam yatirim, kisi basi reel gayrisafi yurtici hâsila ve tuketici fiyat endeksinin gosterdigi sonucuna ulasilmistir.
Efficacy of CDP and ENG in Detecting Balance Impairment Associated With Cerebral White Matter Changes

Objective: To examine the relationship between white matter changes (WMCs) and abnormal balance test results on computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) and electronystagmography (ENG). Also, to compare the utility of CDP with ENG for this purpose. Study Design: Retrospective case review. Setting: Tertiary care referral center. Patients: A retrospective review of 137 subjects was conducted. The CDP and ENG results were compared between patients with (80) and without (57) WMCs as detected byT2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Main Outcome Measures: CDP analysis consisted of both sensory organization test (SOT) and motor control test (MCT) results, and ENG analysis included positional, oculomotor, and bithermal caloric testing. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to control for age and hearing loss discrepancies between the two groups. Results: Ninety three percent of patients with WMCs had an abnormal CDP result, as compared with 44% of patients lacking WMCs (p < 0.001). Eighty six percent of patients with WMCs had an abnormal ENG, as did 81% of patients without WMCs (p = 0.435). Multivariate regression analysis maintained that an abnormal CDP result was significantly associated with WMCs when controlling for age and hearing loss (p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients with cerebral small-vessel ischemic changes are significantly more likely to have an abnormal balance result as detected by CDP, than by ENG. Hence, CDP may be a better study to identify and document patients who have balance dysfunction associated with this central finding. Such identification will permit additional evaluation and treatment based on objective confirmation of balance dysfunction, in this group of balance-impaired subjects who may have normal ENG's.
Role of JNK Translocation to Mitochondria Leading to Inhibition of Mitochondria Bioenergetics in Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury*

Previously, we demonstrated JNK plays a central role in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (Gunawan, B. K., Liu, Z. X., Han, D., Hanawa, N., Gaarde, W. A., and Kaplowitz, N. (2006) Gastroenterology 131, 165–178). In this study, we examine the mechanism involved in activating JNK and explore the downstream targets of JNK important in promoting APAP-induced liver injury in vivo. JNK inhibitor (SP600125) was observed to significantly protect against APAP-induced liver injury. Increased mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species were implicated in APAP-induced JNK activation based on the following: 1) mitochondrial GSH depletion (maximal at 2 h) caused increased H2O2 release from mitochondria, which preceded JNK activation (maximal at 4 h); 2) treatment of isolated hepatocytes with H2O2 or inhibitors (e.g. antimycin) that cause increased H2O2 release from mitochondria-activated JNK. An important downstream target of JNK following activation was mitochondria based on the following: 1) JNK translocated to mitochondria following activation; 2) JNK inhibitor treatment partially protected against a decline in mitochondria respiration caused by APAP treatment; and 3) addition of purified active JNK to mitochondria isolated from mice treated with APAP plus JNK inhibitor (mitochondria with severe GSH depletion, covalent binding) directly inhibited respiration. Cyclosporin A blocked the inhibitory effect of JNK on mitochondria respiration, suggesting JNK was directly inducing mitochondrial permeability transition in isolated mitochondria from mice treated with APAP plus JNK inhibitor. Addition of JNK to mitochondria isolated from control mice did not affect respiration. Our results suggests that APAP-induced liver injury involves JNK activation, due to increased reactive oxygen species generated by GSH-depleted mitochondria, and translocation of activated JNK to mitochondria where JNK induces mitochondrial permeability transition and inhibits mitochondria bioenergetics.
Neural Correlates of Morphology Acquisition through a Statistical Learning Paradigm

The neural basis of statistical learning as it occurs over time was explored with stimuli drawn from a natural language (Russian nouns). The input reflected the "rules" for marking categories of gendered nouns, without making participants explicitly aware of the nature of what they were to learn. Participants were scanned while listening to a series of gender-marked nouns during four sequential scans, and were tested for their learning immediately after each scan. Although participants were not told the nature of the learning task, they exhibited learning after their initial exposure to the stimuli. Independent component analysis of the brain data revealed five task-related sub-networks. Unlike prior statistical learning studies of word segmentation, this morphological learning task robustly activated the inferior frontal gyrus during the learning period. This region was represented in multiple independent components, suggesting it functions as a network hub for this type of learning. Moreover, the results suggest that subnetworks activated by statistical learning are driven by the nature of the input, rather than reflecting a general statistical learning system.
Homogenous and heterogeneous magnetism in (Zn,Co)O

For more than a decade ZnO doped with Mn and Co has remained as one of the most prospected diluted magnetic semiconductor for spintronic applications with conflicting outcome concerning the genuineness of its room temperature ferromagnetism. In order to clarify this issue we investigate (Zn,Co)O layers grown by atomic layer deposition at low temperatures. We employ and relay on wide range of extensive material characterization, which in combination with superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry allow us decisively exemplify the growth temperature as the key factor discriminating between paramagnetic (obtained at 160 °C) and various forms of ferromagnetic responses, seen when the grows is carried out at 200 °C and above.
Ventrolateral Medulla AT1 Receptors Support Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Rats

Abstract—Angiotensin within the central nervous system appears to be important for the maintenance of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. This study addresses the hypothesis that blockade of AT1 receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla would decrease blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats and that this tonically active AT1-mediated input to the rostral ventrolateral medulla arises from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Injection of the nonpeptide AT1 receptor antagonist valsartan bilaterally into the rostral ventrolateral medulla of choralose-anesthetized adult spontaneously hypertensive rats produced a dose-related decrease in mean arterial pressure, with a maximal effect of ≈30 mm Hg. Inhibition of the paraventricular nucleus by local injection of muscimol elicited a similar response, which was inhibited by prior injection of valsartan into the rostral ventrolateral medulla. In contrast, in control Wistar-Kyoto rats, neither valsartan injected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla nor muscimol injected into the paraventricular nucleus had a substantial effect on arterial pressure. These data indicate that in spontaneously hypertensive rats but not in Wistar-Kyoto rats, rostral ventrolateral medulla vasomotor neurons are tonically excited by endogenous stimulation of AT1 receptors, and this input is apparently driven from the hypothalamus. These results suggest that the rostral ventrolateral medulla is one site that the brain renin-angiotensin system acts to maintain elevated blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
UHF RFCPUs on Flexible and Glass Substrates for Secure RFID Systems

A radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) tag consisting of an 8 bit CPU, a 4 kB ROM, a 512B SRAM, and an RF circuit, which communicates using 915 MHz UHF RF signals, has been developed on both a flexible substrate and a glass substrate. Each of the RFIC tags employs a single DES and an anti-side channel attack routine in firmware for secured communication, and occupies an area of 10.5 mm in width and 8.9 mm in height. The RFIC tag on the flexible substrate is 145 mum thick and weighs 262 mg, and the RFIC tag on the glass substrate consumes 0.54 mW at a power supply voltage of 1.5 V and communicates with a maximum range of 43 cm at a power of 30 dBm. The high-performance poly-silicon TFT technology on flexible substrate and glass substrate of 0.8 mum design rule, and a gate plus one metal layer are used for fabrication. The RFIC tag realizes stable internal clock generation and distribution by a digital control clock generator and a two-phase nonoverlap clock scheme, respectively.
Reassessment of the 1997 TNM classification system for renal cell carcinoma

The 1997 TNM staging classification for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) defined Stage I tumors as organ‐confined tumors measuring up to 7 cm in size. The authors evaluated the validity of this cutoff size by assessing the survival of patients with Stage I RCC according to a series of alternative size cutoff values. In addition, the authors determined how these size cutoffs affected the risk of having nonorgan‐confined tumors, regional lymph node involvement, and metastatic disease.
A Framework for Characterizing eHealth Literacy Demands and Barriers

Background Consumer eHealth interventions are of a growing importance in the individual management of health and health behaviors. However, a range of access, resources, and skills barriers prevent health care consumers from fully engaging in and benefiting from the spectrum of eHealth interventions. Consumers may engage in a range of eHealth tasks, such as participating in health discussion forums and entering information into a personal health record. eHealth literacy names a set of skills and knowledge that are essential for productive interactions with technology-based health tools, such as proficiency in information retrieval strategies, and communicating health concepts effectively. Objective We propose a theoretical and methodological framework for characterizing complexity of eHealth tasks, which can be used to diagnose and describe literacy barriers and inform the development of solution strategies. Methods We adapted and integrated two existing theoretical models relevant to the analysis of eHealth literacy into a single framework to systematically categorize and describe task demands and user performance on tasks needed by health care consumers in the information age. The method derived from the framework is applied to (1) code task demands using a cognitive task analysis, and (2) code user performance on tasks. The framework and method are applied to the analysis of a Web-based consumer eHealth task with information-seeking and decision-making demands. We present the results from the in-depth analysis of the task performance of a single user as well as of 20 users on the same task to illustrate both the detailed analysis and the aggregate measures obtained and potential analyses that can be performed using this method. Results The analysis shows that the framework can be used to classify task demands as well as the barriers encountered in user performance of the tasks. Our approach can be used to (1) characterize the challenges confronted by participants in performing the tasks, (2) determine the extent to which application of the framework to the cognitive task analysis can predict and explain the problems encountered by participants, and (3) inform revisions to the framework to increase accuracy of predictions. Conclusions The results of this illustrative application suggest that the framework is useful for characterizing task complexity and for diagnosing and explaining barriers encountered in task completion. The framework and analytic approach can be a potentially powerful generative research platform to inform development of rigorous eHealth examination and design instruments, such as to assess eHealth competence, to design and evaluate consumer eHealth tools, and to develop an eHealth curriculum.
Infertility in superovulated immature rats: role of ovarian steroid hypersecretion.

Immature rats superovulated with pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) were ovariectomized at various times after mating and received various steroid replacement regimes in order to investigate the role of ovarian steroids in the etiology of the infertility which occurs in superovulated rats. Control (4 IU PMSG) and superovulated (40 IU PMSG) rats were allowed to mate on the night of Day 1 and were killed on Day 9, or allowed to mate on the night of Day 2 and were killed on Day 10. All ovariectomized rats received a daily regime of steroid injections which permitted a high rate of pregnancy on Day 10 in control rats ovariectomized at 1000- 1200 h on Day 3. Implantation failed to occur in all superovulated rats which were not ovariectomized. Five of 11 superovulated rats which mated on the night of Day 1 and were ovariectomized at 1000 - 1200 h on Day 2 (Day 1 of pregnancy) were pregnant on Day 9 (7.2 ± 2.4 implantation sites, weighing 21.6 ± 1.3 mg in pregnant animals). Similarly, 12 of 25 superovulated rats which mated on the night of Day 2 and were ovariectomized at 1000 - 1200 h on Day 3 (Day 1 of pregnancy) were pregnant on Day 10 (10.3 ± 2.3 implantation sites, weighing 26.2 ± 0.8 mg in pregnant animals). Delaying the time of ovariectomy in superovulated rats which mated on the night of Day 2 until 2200 - 2400 h on Day 3 or 1000 - 1200 h on Day 4 decreased the pregnancy rate (8/15 and 2/17, respectively) and the number of implantation sites and implantation site weight in pregnant animals (4.4 ± 0.6 and 1.5 ± 0.5;and 17.2 ± 1.2 mgand 13.7 ± 1.5 mg, respectively). Administration of estradiol at the time of ovariectomy and at 12 h intervals over the next 24 h reversed the beneficial effect of ovariectomy in a dose-related manner, both on the number of animals which remained pregnant and the number of implantation sites per pregnant animal. The results show that at least a large proportion of the embryos present in superovulated rats during the first 36 h after the time of mating are normal, and that the consistent failure of implantation in intact rats results from abnormal ovarian hormone secretion after the time of fertilization, most probably from the hypersecretion of estrogens.
The Role of Wild Rodents in the Transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil

Rosana Gentile1, Marisa S. Soares2, Magali G. M. Barreto2, Margareth M. L. Goncalves3 and Paulo S. D’Andrea1 1Laboratorio de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamiferos Silvestres Reservatorios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 2Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Promocao da Saude Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 3Laboratorio de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituo Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
Update on the use of Lipid Emulsions in Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity: A Focus on Differential Efficacy and Lipid Emulsion as Part of Advanced Cardiac Life Support

Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST), including cardiovascular (CV) and central nervous system (CNS) complications, is a rare but devastating complication of regional anesthesia. Soon after the first successful use of cocaine as a local anesthetic (LA) in the late 19th century, there were case reports describing systemic toxicity and recommendations for its prevention. Arguably, LAST has been the major impetus for the development of newer (and safer) LA agents throughout the 20th century. Until the last decade, there were few options for treatment of LAST beyond a prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, the recent successful use of intravenous lipid emulsions in severe LAST has dramatically changed the clinical management of this dreaded complication.
The Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cell: The Stem Cell That Came in From the Cold

The muscle satellite cell was first described and actually named on the basis of its anatomic location under the basement membrane surrounding each myofiber. For many years following its discovery, electron microscopy provided the only definitive method of identification. More recently, several molecular markers have been described that can be used to detect satellite cells, making them more accessible for study at the light microscope level. Satellite cells supply myonuclei to growing myofibers before becoming mitotically quiescent in muscle as it matures. They are then activated from this quiescent state to fulfill their roles in routine maintenance, hypertrophy, and repair of adult muscle. Because muscle is able to efficiently regenerate after repeated bouts of damage, systems must be in place to maintain a viable satellite cell pool, and it was proposed over 30 years ago that self-renewal cell was the primary mechanism. Self-renewal entails either a stochastic event or an asymmetrical division, where one daughter cell is committed to differentiation whereas the second continues to proliferate or becomes quiescent. This classic model of satellite cell self-renewal and the importance of satellite cells in muscle maintenance and repair have been challenged during the past few years as bone marrow-derived cells and various intramuscular populations were shown to be able to contribute myonuclei and occupy the satellite cell niche. This is a fast-moving and dynamic field, however, and in this review we discuss the evidence that we think puts this enigmatic cell firmly back at the center of adult myogenesis. (J Histochem Cytochem 54:1177-1191, 2006)
Long non‐coding RNA GHET1 promotes gastric carcinoma cell proliferation by increasing c‐Myc mRNA stability

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a recently characterized class of non‐coding RNAs, have been shown to have important regulatory roles and are de‐regulated in a variety of tumors. However, the contributions of lncRNAs to gastric carcinoma and their functional mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that lncRNA gastric carcinoma high expressed transcript 1 (lncRNA‐GHET1) was up‐regulated in gastric carcinoma. The over‐expression of this lncRNA correlates with tumor size, tumor invasion and poor survival. Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function analyses demonstrated that GHET1 over‐expression promotes the proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of GHET1 inhibits the proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells. RNA pull‐down and immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that GHET1 physically associates with insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) and enhances the physical interaction between c‐Myc mRNA and IGF2BP1, consequently increasing the stability of c‐Myc mRNA and expression. The expression of GHET1 and c‐Myc is strongly correlated in gastric carcinoma tissues. Depletion of c‐Myc abolishes the effects of GHET1 on proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that GHET1 plays a pivotal role in gastric carcinoma cell proliferation via increasing c‐Myc mRNA stability and expression, which suggests potential use of GHET1 for the prognosis and treatment of gastric carcinoma.
The Geography of Opportunity: Developmental Trajectories of Children in Baltimore

Neighborhood disadvantage across America affects children in several domains. Geographic differences that result from racial and economic segregation have the potential to change life paths. Using the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study we estimated behavior, cognitive and health trajectories of children transitioning into adolescence born in Baltimore, and we compared their trajectories to those of children born in other urban cities. To account for neighborhood effects, we matched different measures of inequality at the county level. Results showed that early on children in Baltimore had less behavioral problems, better cognitive health outcomes, in comparison to children born in other cities. Through time, there was a convergence of means, which resulted from a worsening situation for children in Baltimore and improvements for children elsewhere. Once we incorporated measures of neighborhood inequality, we observed an improvement in the developmental trajectories of children in Baltimore, and larger positive changes among black girls.