Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The magnitude of the Pulfrich stereophenomenon as a function of binocular differences of intensity at various levels of illumination.

The present experiment is concerned with a phenomenon associated with an hypothesized visual latent period. The effect was first described and analyzed by Pulfrich in 1922 and now bears his name. The phenomenon had been observed frequently, but as merely a peculiar disturbance, by those working with the stereocomparator and stereoautograph. When the stereoscopic plates of a star, for example, were adjusted in a stereocomparator to produce an image which appeared to coincide in space with the stereoscopic image of the "distance indicators" (Messmarke), it was frequently noted that if the plates were quickly moved laterally, the image of the star seemed to move either in front of or behind its original position. It was first believed that the disturbance resulted from a loose connection in the plate-bindings. Subsequent investigation showed, however, that it was not a change in separation between the stereoscopic plates which produced the stereo-effect, but that the spatial displacement was caused by a difference in brightness between the two plates.
An analysis of differences in work motivation between public and private sector organizations

This study contributes to our understanding of the differences in work motivation between the public and private sectors. Data from a survey of 3,314 private sector and 409 public sector employees in Belgium strongly confirm previous research showing that public sector employees are less extrinsically motivated. Differences in hierarchical level are more important determinants of work motivation than sectoral differences. In addition, most observed differences can be wholly or partially explained by differences in job content, not by the sector itself. Evidence is presented to show that motivational differences can be explained by a positive choice of work–life balance.
Healthy Aging Rounds: Using Healthy‐Aging Mentors to Teach Medical Students About Physical Activity and Social Support Assessment, Interviewing, and Prescription

Medical students underestimate the health and functional status of community‐dwelling older adults and have little experience in health promotion interviewing or prescribing physical activity. The goal was to provide third‐year University of Arizona medical students with an opportunity to gain a broader and evidence‐based understanding of healthy aging, with specific focus on physical activity and social engagement. Students engaged in one‐on‐one conversations with healthy older adult mentors and practiced assessment, interviewing and prescription counseling for physical activity and social support. This 2‐hour mandatory interactive educational offering improved student attitudes and knowledge about healthy aging and provided hands‐on health promotion counseling experience.
Effect of growth techniques on the properties of CdTe thin films for photovoltaic application

Cadmium Telluride thin films have been deposited on FTO coated glass substrates by using the sputtering and thermal evaporation technique. CdTe thin film was firstly grown by sputtering at a substrate temperature 300°C, as well as CdTe thin film was also deposited by thermal evaporation technique. The grown films from both processes were annealed in a vacuum furnace of nitrogen ambient at pressure 250-300 mTorr. A comparative study of structural and optical properties and surface morphology analysis of these films was carried out by means of XRD, AFM and UV-Vis spectrometry. The XRD patterns reveal that the grown films in both processes are crystalline in nature having the (111) preferential orientation around 2θ=23.8°. Surface roughness and topography were observed from the AFM images. The sputtered grown CdTe thin films exhibit higher values of average and root mean square of the roughness (RMS) as it was observed by AFM analysis. The transmission and absorption spectra was analyzed for wavelengths range of 350 nm to 1100 nm. From the UV analysis, it is observed that the films are very suitable for photovoltaic applications because it allows passing 80% along the whole range. The band gap has been found 1.49 eV and 1.41 eV for the films deposited from sputtering and thermal evaporation, respectively.
Never-stop Learning: Continuous Validation of Learned Models for Evolving Systems through Monitoring

Web site. In particular, the Starlink open source software framework offers the tools to develop Message interoperability solutions. Currently, Starlink has been successfully used to dynamically generate CONNECTors directly between middleware protocols such as: CORBA to XML-RPC, and Service Location Protocol to Bonjour; it has also been used to build bridges between heterogeneous application systems eg a Flickr client application built using XML-RPC interoperating with the Picasa REST API. CONNECT has illustrated the possibilities of emergent solutions. However, the inherent openness and probability of such solutions raise important challenges, especially when deployed at Internet scale. Here it must be reliably able to produce correct mediators and also be secure against malicious threats, which are other areas of active research in CONNECT.
Protein and Energy Requirements of the Preterm/Low Birthweight (LBW) Infant

The growth and development of the normally growing, breast-fed, term infant is universally recognized as ideal. Hence, the term infant’s requirement for any nutrient can be defined as the amount present in a reasonable volume of human milk, usually the average volume ingested daily based on careful studies in groups of infants whose intakes were determined by difference in weight before and after each feeding. This is the basis of the most recent dietary reference intake of protein and most all other nutrients for the 0–6-mo-old infant (1). Unfortunately, no such standard exists for the LBW infant. Rather, for the past 25 years, the protein and other nutrient requirements for these infants have been defined as the amounts necessary to support intrauterine rates of growth and nutrient accretion (2). Despite the many advantages of human milk for reducing infection and promoting better neurodevelopmental outcomes in both term and preterm infants (3), preterm infants fed unsupplemented human milk do not grow at the intrauterine rate (4). Further, even if the total protein, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and even zinc contents of a reasonable volume of human milk were absorbed and completely retained, the amounts retained would not be sufficient to support the intrauterine rates of accretion (5 6). This review addresses some of the many pressing issues concerning standards of growth for the preterm infant as well as strategies for providing optimal protein intakes.
Label-free imaging, detection, and mass measurement of single viruses by surface plasmon resonance

We report on label-free imaging, detection, and mass/size measurement of single viral particles in solution by high-resolution surface plasmon resonance microscopy. Diffraction of propagating plasmon waves along a metal surface by the viral particles creates images of the individual particles, which allow us to detect the binding of the viral particles to surfaces functionalized with and without antibodies. We show that the intensity of the particle image is related to the mass of the particle, from which we determine the mass and mass distribution of influenza viral particles with a mass detection limit of approximately 1 ag (or 0.2 fg/mm2). This work demonstrates a multiplexed method to measure the masses of individual viral particles and to study the binding activity of the viral particles.
Complete Genome Sequences of a Mycobacterium smegmatis Laboratory Strain (MC2 155) and Isoniazid-Resistant (4XR1/R2) Mutant Strains

ABSTRACT We report the whole genome sequences of a Mycobacterium smegmatis laboratory wild-type strain (MC2 155) and mutants (4XR1, 4XR2) resistant to isoniazid. Compared to Mycobacterium smegmatis MC2 155 (NC_008596), a widely used strain in laboratory experiments, the MC2 155, 4XR1, and 4XR2 strains are 60, 128 and 93 bp longer, respectively.
Energy-Efficient Multicast Transmission for Underlay Device-to-Device Communications: A Social-Aware Perspective

In this paper, by utilizing the social relationships among mobile users, we present a framework of energy-efficient cluster formation and resource allocation for multicast D2D transmission. In particular, we first deal with D2D multicast cluster/group formation strategy from both physical distance and social trust level. Then we aim to maximize the overall energy-efficiency of D2D multicast groups through resource allocation and power control scheme, which considers the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of both cellular user equipment and D2D groups. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve above energy-efficiency problem with less complexity. After that, considering the limited battery capacity of mobile users, we propose an energy and social aware cluster head update algorithm, which incorporates both the energy constraint and social centrality measurement. Numerical results indicate that the proposed social-tie based D2D multicast group formation and update algorithm form a multicast group in an energy efficient way. Moreover, the proposed resource and power allocation scheme achieves better energy efficiency in terms of throughput per energy consumption. These results show that, by exploiting social domain information, underlay D2D multicast transmission has high practical potential in saving the source on wireless links and in the backhaul.
Pulmonary aspergillosis: a clinical review

Aspergillus is a mould which may lead to a variety of infectious, allergic diseases depending on the host's immune status or pulmonary structure. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis occurs primarily in patients with severe immunodeficiency. The significance of this infection has dramatically increased with growing numbers of patients with impaired immune state associated with the management of malignancy, organ transplantation, autoimmune and inflammatory conditions; critically ill patients and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appear to be at an increased risk. The introduction of new noninvasive tests, combined with more effective and better-tolerated antifungal agents, has resulted in lower mortality rates associated with this infection. Chronic necrotising aspergillosis is a locally invasive disease described in patients with chronic lung disease or mild immunodeficiency. Aspergilloma is usually found in patients with previously formed cavities in the lung, whereas allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, a hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus antigens, is generally seen in patients with atopy, asthma or cystic fibrosis. This review provides an update on the evolving epidemiology and risk factors of the major manifestations of Aspergillus lung disease and the clinical manifestations that should prompt the clinician to consider these conditions. Current approaches for the diagnosis and management of these syndromes are discussed.
OSMIUM IMPREGNATION OF THE GOLGI APPARATUS.

The Golgi complex consists of a heterogeneous assemblage of small vesicles, larger vacuoles and characteristic packets of flattened cisternae morphologically distinct from other membranous organelles of the cytoplasm. It is polarized with respect to its position in the cell and also shows recognizable polarity in the arrangement of structural components within the complex. This polarity holds for cells in which the Golgi complex seems to have quite different functions, such as in the epithelial cells of mouse epididymis and of Brunner's gland, and plasma cells in the lamina propria of the intestine examined in this study. The present investigation employs a classical method for impregnation of the Golgi apparatus with the objective of more accurately localizing with the electron microscope the sites of osmium reduction within this heterogeneous organelle and of comparing the distribution of these sites with morphological indications of polarization within the Golgi lamellar systems. The osmium impregnation procedure generally used in this study consisted of fixing the tissues in 1.3% osmium tetroxide buffered with s-collidine followed by osmication in 2% aqueous osmium tetroxide for 40 hours at 40°C. After osmication the three cell types studied consistently exhibited a selective localization of osmium in the cisternae and vesicles on one side of the Golgi complex. The observations that only the outer vesicles and cisternae contain osmium while other cytologically similar elements under the same conditions do not, emphasizes the heterogeneous, bipolar nature of the Golgi apparatus. The substances responsible for osmium reduction are quite dependent on the local environment provided are apparently formed during the prolonged phase of the exposure of the tissue to osmium and are most likely localized at the inner face of the membrane of the outer cisternae and vesicles.
Growth and Connectivity of Axotomized Retinal Neurons in Adult Rats with Optic Nerves Substituted by PNS Grafts Linking the Eye and the Midbrain a

During development, nerve cells elongate processes that reach specific targets and connect with other neurons or with effector and receptor organs. ’ After injury in adult animals, certain types of neurons can replicate some or all of these developmental events. Indeed, in all vertebrates, including adult mammals, an extensive regrowth follows the severing of axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and, in fish and amphibia, certain injured central nervous system (CNS) neurons can regain their anatomical and functional connections. After interruption of the optic nerve in the goldfish, for example, vision is restored as axotomized retinal ganglion cells regenerate and synapse appropriately with nerve cells in the optic tectum.2 Conversely, the cutting of the optic nerve in mammals is followed by abortive axonal growth and retrograde degeneration of many retinal neuron^. ^-^ Largely as a result of their failure to regrow, retinal and other injured neurons in the adult mammalian brain and spinal cord remain permanently disconnected from their natural fields of innervation. Paradoxically, this well-documented failure of axons to regenerate within the CNS of adult mammals appears to coexist with a preserved ability of many central neurons to sustain lengthy fiber regrowth. The regenerative capacity of mature central neurons has been tested experimentally by transplanting long segments of peripheral nerve into different regions of the CNS where they act as “bridges” between widely separated regions of the neuraxis. Under these experimental circumstances, the injured neurons appear to establish critical interactions with nonneuronal components of the PNS and successfully regrow axons several centimeters long. These findings suggest that fiber elongation in the mature CNS is either prevented by local inhibitory influences or requires additional cellular and extracellular components that stimulate axonal growth. Although analogous elements in the CNS of developing vertebrates and in certain regions of the brain and spinal cord of anamniotes (amphibia and fish) appear to promote or
RETRACTED: Women’s Preference for Attractive Makeup Tracks Changes in Their Salivary Testosterone

At the request of the authors, the following article has been retracted by the Editor and publishers of Psychological Science: Fisher, C. I. , Hahn, A. C. , DeBruine, L. M. , & Jones, B. C. (2015). Women’s preference for attractive makeup tracks changes in their salivary testosterone. Psychological Science, 26, 1958–1964. doi:10.1177/0956797615609900
Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in tyrosine kinases cAbl and cKit

The inhibition of protein kinases has gained general acceptance as an effective approach to treat a wide range of cancers. However, in many cases, prolonged administration of kinase inhibitors often leads to acquired resistance, and the therapeutic effect is subsequently diminished. The wealth of recent studies using biochemical, kinetic, and structural approaches have revealed the molecular basis for the clinically observed resistance. In this review, we highlight several of the most common molecular mechanisms that lead to acquired resistance to kinase inhibitors observed with the cAbl (cellular form of the Abelson leukemia virus tyrosine kinase) and the type III receptor tyrosine kinase cKit, including a newly identified mechanism resulting from accelerated kinase activation caused by mutations in the activation loop. Strategies to overcome the loss of drug sensitivity that represents a challenge currently facing the field and the emerging approaches to circumvent resistance are discussed.
Effects of Bisphosphonate on the Endochondral Bone Formation of the Mandibular Condyle

The development of the mandibular condylar cartilage is important for the overall growth of the mandible. However, there have been a few researches into medical approaches aimed at controlling condylar growth. This study examined the effects of bisphosphonate on the growth of the condylar cartilage. Alendronate (3.5 mg/kg/week) was administered to postnatal day 1 SD rats for 7 and 10 days. The thickness of each chondrocyte layer and the level of MMP‐9 expression were measured. The anteroposterior diameter of the developing condyle was unaffected by the alendronate treatment for 7 days (P > 0.05). The total thickness of the cartilage layers was also unaffected by the treatment for 7 days (P > 0.05). In particular, there was no change in the thickness of the perichondrium and reserve cell layer at the measured condylar regions (P > 0.05). However, the thickness of the proliferating cell layer was reduced significantly, whereas the thickness of hypertrophied cartilage layer was increased (P < 0.05). The number of chondroclasts engaged in hypertrophied cartilage resorption was reduced significantly by the alendronate treatment (P < 0.05). The level of MMP‐9 expression was reduced at both the transcription and translation levels by the alendronate treatment for 7 and 10 days. These results indicate that alendronate (>3.5 mg/kg/week) inhibits the longitudinal growth of the mandibular condyle by inhibiting chondrocyte proliferation and the resorption of hypertrophied cartilage for ossification.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa population diversity and turnover in cystic fibrosis chronic infections.

RATIONALE Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from chronic cystic fibrosis lung infections display multiple phenotypes indicating extensive population diversity. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine how such diversity is distributed within and between patients, and to study the dynamics of single-strain phenotypic diversity in multiple patients through time. METHODS Sets of 40 P. aeruginosa isolates per sputum samples were analyzed for a series of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Population differentiation between patients, between samples within patients, and between isolates within samples was analyzed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We characterized 15 traits for a total of 1,720 isolates of an important and widely disseminated epidemic strain of P. aeruginosa from 10 chronically infected patients with cystic fibrosis multiply sampled during 2009. Overall, 43 sputum samples were analyzed and 398 haplotypes of the Liverpool Epidemic Strain were identified. The majority of phenotypic diversity occurred within patients. Such diversity is highly dynamic, displaying rapid turnover of haplotypes through time. P. aeruginosa populations within each individual sputum sample harbored extensive diversity. Although we observed major changes in the haplotype composition within patients between samples taken at intervals of several months, the compositions varied much less during exacerbation periods, despite the use of intravenous antibiotics. Our data also highlight a correlation between periods of pulmonary exacerbation and the overproduction of pyocyanin, a quorum sensing-controlled virulence factor. CONCLUSIONS These results significantly advance our understanding of the within-host population biology of P. aeruginosa during infection of patients with cystic fibrosis, and provide in vivo evidence for a link between pyocyanin production and patient morbidity.
Study on Influence of Self-Generated Axial Magnetic Field Upon High-Current Vacuum Arc Behavior at a Long Contact Gap in High-Voltage Vacuum Interrupter

In this paper, the high-current vacuum arc characteristics under self-generated axial magnetic field (AMF) generated by a sinusoidal current flowing through the coil type of AMF contacts are investigated at long contact gaps of 40 and 60 mm. The distributing characteristics of the AMF in the contact gap are studied by a finite-element method, taking eddy current effect into account. Vacuum arc appearance was observed by a high-speed charge-coupled device video camera. The vacuum arc voltage was measured using a high-voltage probe. Capacitor and reactor (LC) discharging-current-interrupting tests were done with a single-frequency oscillating circuit. The vacuum arc behavior of a single coil-type AMF contact and that of a 1/2 coil-type AMF contact were compared. The research results show that both the amplitude and phase shift time of the AMF have great influence upon the high-current vacuum arc characteristics.
Classification of proteins multiple-labelled and single-labelled with protein functional classes

Advances in high-throughput genome sequencing technology have led to an explosion in the amount of sequence data that are available. The determination of protein function using experimental techniques is time-consuming and expensive; the use of machine-learning techniques rapidly to assess protein function may be useful in streamlining this process. The problem of assigning functional classes to proteins is complicated by the fact that a single protein can participate in several different pathways and thus can have multiple functions. We have developed a tree-based classifier that is capable of handling multiple-labelled data and gaining an insight into the multi-functional nature of proteins. We call the resulting tree a recursive maximum contrast tree (RMCT) and the resulting classifier a multiple-labelled instance classifier (MLIC). We investigate the synergy of machine-learning-based ensemble methods and physiochemical-based feature augments. We test our algorithm on protein phylogenetic profiles generated from 60 completely sequenced genomes and we compare our results with those achieved by algorithms such as support vector machines and decision trees.