Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite DC feed inductor in class E power amplifiers-a simplified approach

This report describes a method for using a finite DC feed inductor in place of an (infinite inductance) RF choke. In addition to providing the DC feed connection, the finite feed inductor can be used to perform two other functions needed in the class E power amplifier topology, namely, transformation of the 50 ohm load and reactive tuning. Since no assumptions are made about the shunt output capacitor, this result is independent of the capacitor's voltage dependence. The analysis results in simple, elegant, and easy to use design equations that, in the limit where the feed inductor approaches infinity, reverts to the case with the RF choke. The concept was demonstrated using a silicon LDMOS FET operating at 200 MHz.
Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels during disulfiram therapy.

Serum samples for quantification of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were collected from alcohol-dependent men and women upon admission to the hospital for detoxification, and repeatedly over a 3- to 5-week period of supervised disulfiram administration as outpatients. On admission, 10 of 12 patients showed CDT concentrations above the conventional cutoff limits, whereas 6 had elevated GGT values. Normalization usually occurred within 1 to 3 weeks of disulfiram treatment, after which CDT and GGT leveled out at a relatively stable individual baseline level. However, in those patients with the highest values on admission, the decline continued during the entire observation period. The time for normalization of GGT was typically longer than for CDT. In four male patients who had taken disulfiram regularly (400-800 mg every second or third day) for at least 3 months before entering the study, the CDT and GGT concentrations were stable over time and all fell within normal limits. The present results indicate that disulfiram treatment does not influence the serum level of CDT. It is also suggested that consecutive CDT and GGT measurements during outpatient treatment with disulfiram after detoxification can be used to identify the individual baseline (i.e., abstinence) values for CDT and GGT, and, furthermore, for monitoring treatment outcome.
Policy Considerations for Using Forests to Mitigate Carbon Dioxide Emissions

A recent article in Nature, “Soil Fertility Limits Carbon Sequestration by Forest Ecosystems in a CO2-Enriched Atmosphere” by Oren and colleagues[1], has been widely reported on, and often misinterpreted, by the press. The article dampens enthusiasm for accelerated forest growth due to CO2 fertilization and puts in question the fringe theory that the world’s forests can provide an automatic mitigation feedback. We agree that these results increase our understanding of the global carbon cycle. At the same time, their relevance in the context of the international climate change negotiations is much more complicated than portrayed by newspapers such as the New York Times (“Role of Trees in Curbing Greenhouse Gases is Challenged”, May 24, 2001) and the Christian Science Monitor (“Trees No Savior for Global Warming”, May 25, 2001).
The legends of Tono

Chapter 1 Preface to the 100th Anniversary Edition Chapter 2 Foreword to the 1975 Edition by Richard M. Dorson Chapter 3 Introduction by Ronald A. Morse Chapter 4 The Legends of Tono by Kunio Yanagita Chapter 5 Index to Topics in The Legends of Tono Chapter 6 Guide to English Language Writings on Kunio Yanagita
Oligogenic basis of isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency

Between the genetic extremes of rare monogenic and common polygenic diseases lie diverse oligogenic disorders involving mutations in more than one locus in each affected individual. Elucidating the principles of oligogenic inheritance and mechanisms of genetic interactions could help unravel the newly appreciated role of rare sequence variants in polygenic disorders. With few exceptions, however, the precise genetic architecture of oligogenic diseases remains unknown. Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency caused by defective secretion or action of hypothalamic GnRH is a rare genetic disease that manifests as sexual immaturity and infertility. Recent reports of patients who harbor pathogenic rare variants in more than one gene have challenged the long-held view that the disorder is strictly monogenic, yet the frequency and extent of oligogenicity in isolated GnRH deficiency have not been investigated. By systematically defining genetic variants in large cohorts of well-phenotyped patients (n = 397), family members, and unaffected subjects (n = 179) for the majority of known disease genes, this study suggests a significant role of oligogenicity in this disease. Remarkably, oligogenicity in isolated GnRH deficiency was as frequent as homozygosity/compound heterozygosity at a single locus (2.5%). Among the 22% of patients with detectable rare protein-altering variants, the likelihood of oligogenicity was 11.3%. No oligogenicity was detected among controls (P < 0.05), even though deleterious variants were present. Viewing isolated GnRH deficiency as an oligogenic condition has implications for understanding the pathogenesis of its reproductive and nonreproductive phenotypes; deciphering the etiology of common GnRH-related disorders; and modeling the genetic architecture of other oligogenic and multifactorial diseases.
Dissociating the Enhancing and Inhibitory Effects of Pertussis Toxin on Autoimmune Disease

Pertussis toxin (PT) has both enhancing and inhibitory effects on experimental autoimmune disease, depending on its time of administration relative to immunization. The inhibitory effect is due to blocking of Gi-coupled receptors by the enzymatic A subunit. In this study, we attribute the enhancing effect of PT to the cell-binding B subunit (PT-B). C57BL/6 mice, a strain that requires PT to develop experimental uveitis, were immunized with a retinal Ag and were injected with whole PT, PT-B, or vehicle. Disease and associated immunological responses were evaluated. The results showed that PT-B, determined to be free of biologically significant contamination with whole PT or with endotoxin, was able to mimic all the effects of PT with respect to disease induction, enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity, enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation, induction of an innate IL-12 response, and promotion of an adaptive IFN-γ response to the uveitogenic Ag. Our results suggest that PT-B is largely responsible for the disease-enhancing properties of PT.
The role of the vertebral laminae in the stability of the cervical spine.

The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of the vertebral laminae to the stability of the cervical spine since laminectomy may result in deformity of the neck. In 40 dry adult male cervical columns the weight-bearing areas of the inferior surfaces of the bodies and articular facets from C2 to C7 were measured and the means and S.D. S. calculated. In all columns the lamina index (height x thickness) of right and left halves of each lamina was calculated and summed at each cervical level. Means and S.D. S. were calculated for the series. The trabecular patterns in the laminae were studied in 6 of the columns. Results show that the laminae of C2 and C7 are heavily loaded, whilst the intervening ones are not. Thus laminectomy at C2 and C7 would tend to lead to instability, but between C3 and C6 this would be less likely. Significant segmental variation in weight transmission was not found for the facet joints.
An experiment in identifying persistent objects in large systems

We present an experiment in identifying coarse-grained persistent objects in a legacy system of an Italian public organisation. Object methods are searched for at the program level driven by the minimisation of the coupling between objects. This strategy is useful in incremental migration projects requiring the identification of largely independent subsystems needing low re-engineering and decoupling costs to be first encapsulated in different wrappers and then selectively replaced. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the feasibility of this approach when applied to large software systems. The work presented in this paper is part of the project PROGRESS, a research project on process and software re-engineering in Italian public organisations carried out by Italian universities and research centres.
On the log-power NHPP software reliability model

A simple software reliability model, the log-power nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) model, is studied. The log-power NHPP model has several interesting properties, such as simple graphical interpretations and simple forms of the maximum likelihood estimates for the parameters. The authors assess this model by considering its simplicity, data fitting and predicting ability. They have applied the log-power model to many sets of existing software reliability data. The results show that this model is able to fit different data sets and has a relatively high predicting ability. This, together with its simplicity and the graphical interpretation which provides a useful reliability engineering tool, shows that the log-power model is an applicable software reliability model in practice. <<ETX>>
Efficient Training of Convolutional Deep Belief Networks in the Frequency Domain for Application to High-Resolution 2D and 3D Images

Deep learning has traditionally been computationally expensive, and advances in training methods have been the prerequisite for improving its efficiency in order to expand its application to a variety of image classification problems. In this letter, we address the problem of efficient training of convolutional deep belief networks by learning the weights in the frequency domain, which eliminates the time-consuming calculation of convolutions. An essential consideration in the design of the algorithm is to minimize the number of transformations to and from frequency space. We have evaluated the running time improvements using two standard benchmark data sets, showing a speed-up of up to 8 times on 2D images and up to 200 times on 3D volumes. Our training algorithm makes training of convolutional deep belief networks on 3D medical images with a resolution of up to 128 × 128 × 128 voxels practical, which opens new directions for using deep learning for medical image analysis.
Photobiological modulation of cell attachment via cytochrome c oxidase

The number of cells attached to glass substrates increases if HeLa cell suspensions are irradiated with monochromatic visible-to-near infrared radiation (600–860 nm, 52 J m^−2) prior to plating. The well-structured relationship between this biological response and the radiation wavelength (action spectrum with maxima at 620, 680, 760, and 820 nm) suggests the existence of a photoacceptor responsible for the enhancement of attachment (presumably cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain) and, secondly, the existence of signaling pathways between the mitochondria, the plasma membrane, and the nucleus of the cell. Treating the cell suspension with ouabain (a Na^+, K^+-ATPase inhibitor), amiloride (an inhibitor of N^+/H^+ exchangers), or sodium azide (a cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor) prior to irradiation significantly modifies the action spectrum of cell attachment enhancement. The action of the chemicals under study also depends on their concentration and radiation fluence. Our results point to the existence of at least three signaling pathways (reaction channels) relating together the cell attachment, the respiratory chain, and the Na^+, K^+-ATPase and N^+/H^+ exchanger activities.
DonorNet and the Potential Effects on Organ Utilization

The evolution of communication as donor data flows from organ procurement organization to transplant centers has evolved with the incorporation of DonorNet 2007® into the UNetSM system. The ensuing study looks at DonorNet's impact on this process. We established defined time periods for comparison purposes. The study looked at match number for organ placement and overall organ utilization with a focus on ischemia time and graft outcomes. The results of the study demonstrate no significant change in the median match number of organ placement in liver or kidney transplantation. Changes in discard rates were varied amongst transplanted organs and there were noticeable changes in organ sharing with an increase in local allocation for kidney and liver and an ensuing decrease in regional and national distribution. There were no significant differences in the outcomes of livers and kidneys with low offer numbers compared with those with high offer numbers. Overall the study suggests a modest impact by DonorNet on organ placement and utilization, but a longer term study would need to be done to fully evaluate its impact.
[Fertilization mechanisms in man and mammals].

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Bartonella spp. as emerging human pathogens

Members of the genus Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea) were virtually unknown to modern-day clinicians and microbiologists until they were associated with opportunistic infections in AIDS patients about 6 years ago. Since that time, Bartonella species have been associated with cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, and a variety of other disease syndromes. Clinical presentation of infection with Bartonella ranges from a relatively mild lymphadenopathy with few other symptoms, seen in cat scratch disease, to life-threatening systemic disease in the immunocompromised patient. In some individuals, infection manifests as lesions that exhibit proliferation of endothelial cells and neovascularization, a pathogenic process unique to this genus of bacteria. As the spectrum of disease attributed to Bartonella is further defined, the need for reliable laboratory methods to diagnose infections caused by these unique organisms also increases. A brief summary of the clinical presentations associated with Bartonella infections is presented, and the current status of laboratory diagnosis and identification of these organisms is reviewed.
Clinical experience with irradiation of inflammatory carcinoma of the breast with and without elective chemotherapy

From 1948 to 1972, 69 patients with inflammatory carcinoma of the breast were treated with irradiation alone. Because of a 46% incidence of local‐regional failure, twice daily fractionated irradiation was given in 1972 to 11 patients; a decrease in local‐regional failures (27%) was achieved. From 1973 through December 1976, preirradiation multidrug chemotherapy was added to the twice daily fractionated irradiation of 31 patients. Analysis of all patients with a minimum two‐year follow‐up demonstrates that chemotherapy does not improve local‐regional control or freedom from disease rates, but does delay appearance of distant metastases. Cancer 45:625‐625‐629, 1980.
Porosity of Deep Fat Fried Breaded Chicken Meat

Effects of the addition of rice starch and dietary fibres (pectin and Fibrex) on the porosity of basic frying mixture formulations (corn flour, salt, spices) and oil uptake of coated chicken meat have been evaluated. Porosity of the fried breaded chicken meat was calculated from particle and bulk density. Pore size and particle size distribution were determined using microscopy image analysis and particle density by mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP). Since there is a wide range of particle diameters, significant differences in pore size distribution were found. Also, pore structure appeared to be affected by oil absorption. Mercury entrapment in pores decreased significantly during 8 min of frying. The obtained results show that porosity of the samples is different for different frying mixture formulations and indicate that there is a difference in the extent of oil uptake for different formulations due to film forming capabilities of dietary fibres (pectin and Fibrex).
Type VI secretion system translocates a phage tail spike-like protein into target cells where it cross-links actin

Genes encoding type VI secretion systems (T6SS) are widely distributed in pathogenic Gram-negative bacterial species. In Vibrio cholerae, T6SS have been found to secrete three related proteins extracellularly, VgrG-1, VgrG-2, and VgrG-3. VgrG-1 can covalently cross-link actin in vitro, and this activity was used to demonstrate that V. cholerae can translocate VgrG-1 into macrophages by a T6SS-dependent mechanism. Protein structure search algorithms predict that VgrG-related proteins likely assemble into a trimeric complex that is analogous to that formed by the two trimeric proteins gp27 and gp5 that make up the baseplate “tail spike” of Escherichia coli bacteriophage T4. VgrG-1 was shown to interact with itself, VgrG-2, and VgrG-3, suggesting that such a complex does form. Because the phage tail spike protein complex acts as a membrane-penetrating structure as well as a conduit for the passage of DNA into phage-infected cells, we propose that the VgrG components of the T6SS apparatus may assemble a “cell-puncturing device” analogous to phage tail spikes to deliver effector protein domains through membranes of target host cells.
A Guide to PIN1 Function and Mutations Across Cancers

PIN1 is a member of a family of peptidylprolyl isomerases that bind phosphoproteins and catalyze the rapid cis–trans isomerization of proline peptidyl bonds, resulting in an alteration of protein structure, function, and stability. PIN1 is overexpressed in human cancers, suggesting it promotes tumorigenesis, but depending on the cellular context, it also acts as a tumor suppressor. Here, we review the role of PIN1 in cancer and the regulation of PIN1 expression, and catalog the single nucleotide polymorphisms, and mutations in PIN1 gene associated with cancer. In addition, we provide a 3D model of the protein to localize the mutated residues.
A Library of 7TM Receptor C-terminal Tails

Adaptor and scaffolding proteins determine the cellular targeting, the spatial, and thereby the functional association of G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptors with co-receptors, transducers, and downstream effectors and the adaptors determine post-signaling events such as receptor sequestration through interactions, mainly with the C-terminal intracellular tails of the receptors. A library of tails from 59 representative members of the super family of seven-transmembrane receptors was probed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins for interactions with four different adaptor proteins previously proposed to be involved in post-endocytotic sorting of receptors. Of the two proteins suggested to target receptors for recycling to the cell membrane, which is the route believed to be taken by a majority of receptors, ERM (ezrin-radixin-moesin)-binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50) bound only a single receptor tail, i.e. the β2-adrenergic receptor, whereas N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor bound 11 of the tail-fusion proteins. Of the two proteins proposed to target receptors for lysosomal degradation, sorting nexin 1 (SNX1) bound 10 and the C-terminal domain of G protein-coupled receptor-associated sorting protein bound 23 of the 59 tail proteins. Surface plasmon resonance analysis of the binding kinetics of selected hits from the glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, i.e. the tails of the virally encoded receptor US28 and the δ-opioid receptor, confirmed the expected nanomolar affinities for interaction with SNX1. Truncations of the NK1 receptor revealed that an extended binding epitope is responsible for the interaction with both SNX1 and G protein-coupled receptor-associated sorting protein as well as with N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor. It is concluded that the tail library provides useful information on the general importance of certain adaptor proteins, for example, in this case, ruling out EBP50 as being a broad spectrum-recycling adaptor.
Use of Air-Cored Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator in Direct Battery Charging Wind Energy Systems

Low power, low cost wind energy systems make use of uncontrolled, direct battery charging where the generator is directly connected to the battery via a diode rectifier. Air-cored axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) generators, although excellently suited for small wind energy systems, can not be used in direct battery charging systems as optimum turbine power matching is not obtained and non-sinusoidal currents are drawn due to the rectifier; with non-sinusoidal currents these generators are shown to become extremely noisy. In this paper a method is analysed whereby better maximum power matching and sinusoidal currents are obtained using AFPM generators in direct battery charging wind energy systems.
The impact of substance abuse on mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND Drug and alcohol use are common in neurotrauma patients. Despite growing methamphetamine use there are few studies of the impact of methamphetamine use on outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 5-years of data from a trauma database. Inclusion criteria included severe TBI and diagnosis codes indicating head injury. The entire database was analyzed and then a subset of patients with complete toxicology data were examined separately. Primary outcome was mortality. RESULTS Four hundred eighty-three patients were included. Toxicology results were available for 52.6% of patients. Alcohol, amphetamines, and cannabis were the most commonly detected substances. Overall mortality was 50.9%. When the group with complete tox screen data were analyzed, a toxicology screen that was positive for alcohol or amphetamine was associated with decreased mortality with an odds ratio of 0.23 (CI: 0.10-0.56, p = 0.001) and 0.25 (CI: 0.08-0.79, p = 0.02), respectively. When the subset of patients for whom toxicology data were available was analyzed the amphetamine-positive group was more likely to use cannabis and less likely to use alcohol. CONCLUSIONS We unexpectedly found alcohol and methamphetamine use to be associated with decreased mortality. Neurotoxic and possible neuroprotective mechanisms of these substances are discussed as well as possible interactions between cannabis and methamphetamine. The potential influence of psycho-social factors are also considered. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate the effects of drug and alcohol use on outcome after severe TBI.