Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional and developmental effects on the intrinsic properties of muscles as they relate to the eating quality of beef

The intrinsic properties (those extant at the time of slaughter) of bovine skeletal muscle as they relate to the subsequent quality attributes of beef are reviewed here. Attributes of bovine skeletal muscle that ultimately affect toughness, colour, fat content, flavour, juiciness, and nutritive value of beef are discussed. The dynamic nature of muscle development, particularly with regard to structure and composition, is highlighted. Variation in development of muscle structure and composition due to inherited (genetic) factors and environment (particularly nutrient supply) are described. Examples are given of the implications of sources of variation due to animal genotype, age, nutrient supply, and hormonal environment on muscle cellularity and growth, fibre type, connective tissue composition and structure as they affect meat quality attributes. Key intrinsic properties of muscle include muscle type, cellularity, size, myofibre type, connective tissue composition and structure, glycogen and fat content and proteolytic activity. Activity of the calpain system at slaughter is seen as an important attribute. Regulation of myofibrillar and connective tissue proteolysis in vivo are discussed together with implications for subsequent meat quality. Amongst the on-farm environmental factors, nutritional history and developmental pathway are identified as factors that can be responsible for significant variation in the intrinsic properties of muscle that contribute to variation in toughness, colour and fat content, and thus consumer liking of beef.
Transferts techniques en Méditerranée orientale. L’exemple de la fabrication des vases de pierre à l’âge du Bronze

Au terme d’une etude associant des analyses tribologiques en laboratoire, des tests experimentaux et l’observation, a differentes echelles, d’un echantillon de vases de pierre minoens, nord-levantins et egyptiens, nous avons pu identifier l’existence de transferts technologiques entre differents centres de Mediterranee orientale, comme le forage tubulaire. Se revelent aussi des comportements differents face a l’introduction et la selection des techniques exogenes. Alors que certains centres dissocient la forme et le style du vase des techniques dont il releve, d’autres adoptent les nouveaux procedes et morphologies comme un ensemble. Ce travail constitue ainsi la premiere etape vers la reconstitution de l’histoire des techniques, mais aussi des contacts et des echanges en Mediterranee orientale.
Probing WIMP particle physics and astrophysics with direct detection and neutrino telescope data

With positive signals from multiple direct detection experiments it will, in principle, be possi- ble to measure the mass and cross sections of weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter. Recent work has shown that, with a polynomial parameterisation of the WIMP speed dis- tribution, it is possible to make an unbiased measurement of the WIMP mass, without making any astrophysical assumptions. However, direct detection experiments are not sensitive to low-speed WIMPs and, therefore, any model-independent approach will lead to a bias in the cross section. This problem can be solved with the addition of measurements of the flux of neutrinos from the Sun. This is because the flux of neutrinos produced from the annihilation of WIMPs which have been gravitationally captured in the Sun is sensitive to low-speed WIMPs. Using mock data from next-generation direct detection experiments and from the IceCube neutrino telescope, we show that the complementary information from IceCube on low-speed WIMPs breaks the degeneracy between the cross section and the speed distribution. This allows unbiased determinations of the WIMP mass and spin-independent and spin-dependent cross sections to be made, and the speed distribution to be reconstructed. We use two parameterisations of the speed distribution: binned and polynomial. While the polynomial parameterisation can encompass a wider range of speed distributions, this leads to larger uncertainties in the particle physics parameters.
Gravitational Constant in Nuclear Interactions

Till today no atomic principle implemented the gravitational constant in nuclear physics. Considering the electromagnetic and gravitational force ratio of electron and proton a simple semi empirical relation is proposed for estimating the strong coupling constant. Obtained value is $\alpha_s \cong 0.117378409. $ It is also noticed that $\alpha_s\cong \ln\left(r_Ur_D\right)$ where $r_U$ and $r_D$ are the geometric ratios of Up and Down quark series respectively. It is noticed that proton rest mass is equal to $\left(\frac{1}{\alpha}+\frac{1}{\alpha_s}\right)\sqrt{UD}. $ With reference to the the electromagnetic and gravitational force ratio of electron, 137 can be fitted at $r_U $ and 128 can be fitted at $r_D. $ Finally semi empirical mass formula energy constants are fitted.
Petrophysical Properties of North Sea Shales

This study presents a data set comprising estimated permeabilities of 22 natural mudstones which also have been characterised in terms of their pore size distribution, porosity, grain density and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content. Pore size distribution and grain density were determined using mercury porosimetry and pycnometer method. TOC was determined by direct combustion of the organic carbon in LECO RLS-100 Carbon Sulphur analyser. Permeabilities were estimated based on the measured pore throat size distribution plus assumed pore alignment and pore shape using the model of Yang and Aplin. TOC and grain density ranges from 3.44- 9.98% and 2.61-2.70 g/cm 3 , respectively. Porosity decreases from ~24-3% between the depth range of 1515-4781 m. The pore size distribution data show that the mean pore radius decreases from ~36-2 nm within the same depth range, the shift to smaller mean pore radii is driven primarily by the collapse of pores larger than 10nm with increase in consolidation. These values represent some of the smallest pore sizes known for rocks and in part provide a qualitative explanation for the low shale permeabilities. Estimated vertical permeabilities range from 9.5×10 23 to 8.6×10 21 m 2 . In general, permeability decreases logarithmically with porosity.
Severe Mitral Regurgitation Due to Pacing in Patient Post Aortic Valve Replacement (A Case Report)

Epicardial Cardiac pacing may lead to severe Mitral Regurgitation by one of the following mechanisms: 1) Inappropriate Atrioventricular interval. 2) Myocardial ischemia due to fast heart rate may cause transient papillary muscle dysfunction. 3) Right Ventricular apical pacing may lead to Left Ventricular dyssynchrony in the presence of optimal Atrioventricular synchrony. Acute severe Mitral Regurgitation leading to acute severe hemodynamic deterioration is a reported complication of Permanent Pacemaker insertion. Our case demonstrated acute severe MR as a consequence of RV Pacing leading to acute hemodynamic deterioration, which was relieved on withdrawal of pacing. Left Ventricular dyssynchrony can be relieved by reducing the peacemaker rate or changing to biventricular pacing, this reduces the severity of Mitral Regurgitation and improves the hemodynamics due to simultaneous activation of left and right ventricles. This case illustrates the acute and potentially dramatic effects of intra-Left Ventricular dyssynchrony upon Mitral Valve function. Informed consent was obtained from the patient to report the case. Thus right ventricular pacing can cause left ventricular dyssynchrony leading to worsening of Mitral Regurgitation. It is important to pay attention to mode of pacing when evaluating Mitral Regurgitation in patients with Right Ventricular pacemaker and unstable hemodynamics after initiation of pacing.
Some Uses, Underuses, And Misuses Of The Findings Of Disparities Between People’S Valuations Of Gains And Losses

The well-known behavioural finding that losses have a greater impact on people’s well-being than gains, has important implications for the study of individual and collective choices, as well as the ways in which analyses are carried out -- many more than have yet been seriously considered. It also has many for analysts’ use of such tools as price elasticities, discount rates, value of statistical lives, risk analysis, and the like. A greater recognition of the behavioral findings would likely lead to reductions of the biases in many present analyses.
Acceleration of Radiance for Lighting Simulation by Using Parallel Computing with OpenCL

We report on the acceleration of annual daylighting simulations for fenestration systems in the Radiance ray-tracing program. The algorithm was optimized to reduce both the redundant data input/output operations and the floating-point operations. To further accelerate the simulation speed, the calculation for matrix multiplications was implemented using parallel computing on a graphics processing unit. We used OpenCL, which is a cross-platform parallel programming language. Numerical experiments show that the combination of the above measures can speed up the annual daylighting simulations 101.7 times or 28.6 times when the sky vector has 146 or 2306 elements, respectively.
A study into the earthquake resistance of circular adobe buildings

Many unreinforced adobe or mud-brick structures have in the past suffered severe damage from seismic forces and have caused a vast number of deaths. However, some adobe buildings located in seismic regions have performed well under several seismic events. Most of these traditional buildings are symmetrical in shape which has significant bearing on the performance of the buildings during strong earthquakes. Most existing and typical circular adobe houses have performed well in withstanding earthquakes even though some did not have any additional ductile reinforcement. This paper presents the first series of tests conducted to study the performance of unreinforced circular adobe buildings subjected to earthquake forces. Nine small-scale models (1:3 scale) of adobe structures were built with a variety of configurations and roof loads. Static tilt tests were carried out to evaluate the seismic performance of this type of structure. The adobe house models were subjected to a constant acceleration when tilted on a tilt-up table. The lateral component of model weight was used as a parameter to quantify the maximum seismic force for each model. The results were then used to develop a methodology for designing circular adobe buildings to resist earthquakes in specific seismic zones and for specific site conditions.
Pathogen-derived methods for improving resistance of transgenic plums (Prunus domestica L.) for Plum pox virus infection.

Plum pox virus (PPV), the causal agent of Sharka disease, is considered to be one of the most serious pathogens of stone fruits including apricots, plums and peaches. This disease is of particular concern in central and southern Europe, the Mediterranean areas and North America. The transformation of plum with viral genes, such as coat protein, can provide virus resistant varieties or gene resources for breeding new resistant varieties. In the current study we report the evaluation of two technologies for producing plants resistance to PPV, one based on co-suppression and another on RNA-silencing. Two gene constructs were evaluated; the binary vector pCamPPVcp that contained the selective hpt gene and ppv-cp gene in sense-orientation (driven by double 35S promoter) and vector pCamPPVRNAi that contained self-complementary fragments of gene ppvcp (698bp) driven by double 35S promoter and the hpt and gus genes. The fragments of the ppv-cp gene in pCamPPVRNAi were separated by a pdk-intron to produce a “hairpin” RNA structure in antisense-sense orientation. Seven independent transgenic lines with the sense-oriented ppv-cp gene and five transgenic lines with inverted repeats of the ppv-cp gene fragment were produced. The accumulation of coat protein in five pCamPPVcp lines was confirmed by Western blotting. Transgenic shoots were rooted and acclimatized to the greenhouse. After grafting with PPV infected buds PPV-CP was detected by Western blotting in all control and pCamPPVcp transformed plants whereas no PPV coat protein were observed in samples from plants transformed with the pCamPPVRNAi “hairpin” construct. These preliminary results confirmed the efficiency of the RNAi strategy for producing virus resistant plants in general and PPV resistant stone fruits in particular. Keywords : RNA interference, PPV, transformation, coat protein, Prunus domestica
The phase space density of fermionic dark matter haloes

We have performed a series of numerical experiments to investigate how the primordial thermal velocities of fermionic dark matter particles affect the physical and phase-space density profiles of the dark matter haloes into which they collect. The initial particle velocities induce central cores in both profiles, which can be understood in the framework of phase-space density theory. We find that the maximum coarse-grained phase-space density of the simulated haloes (computed in six-dimensional phase space using the ENBID code is very close to the theoretical fine-grained upper bound, while the pseudo-phase-space density, Q ∼ ρ/σ3, overestimates the maximum phase-space density by up to an order of magnitude. The density in the inner regions of the simulated haloes is well described by a ‘pseudo-isothermal’ profile with a core. We have developed a simple model based on this profile which, given the observed surface brightness profile of a galaxy and its central velocity dispersion, accurately predicts its central phase-space density. Applying this model to the dwarf spheroidal satellites of the Milky Way yields values close to 0.5 keV for the mass of a hypothetical thermal warm dark matter particle, assuming that the satellite haloes have cores produced by warm dark matter free streaming. Such a small value is in conflict with the lower limit of 1.2 keV set by the observations of the Lyman α forest. Thus, if the Milky Way dwarf spheroidal satellites have cores, these are likely due to baryonic processes associated with the forming galaxy, perhaps of the kind proposed by Navarro, Eke and Frenk and seen in the recent simulations of galaxy formation in the cold dark matter model.
Depression, human right abuses and sexual risk behaviour among men who have sex with men in Nepal: A cross-sectional study

Stigma towards men who have sex with men has resulted in a hidden population making them as high-risk group for HIV and AIDS and mental health problems. The objectives of the study were to assess human right abuses and correlates of depression and sexual risk behaviour to HIV infection among men who have sex with men in selected districts of Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional study among 170 self indentified men who have sex with men in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Makwanpur and Parsa was carried from 20 th May 2010 to 25 th September 2010. Both descriptive and inferential s tatistics were used for data analysis. Very high proportion o f men who have sex with men had depression. Depression among them was found to be independent of their age and dependent of education and living status. A large p ercentage of them were found to be the victims of human right abuses like being raped (61%), sexually abused during childhood (59%), blackmailed (59%), beaten up by police official (60%), being teased by people (65.9%). They were found to be involved in high risk sexual behaviour. The proportion of respondent having consistent use of c ondom with the clients was 69.5% whereas only 14.6% were in good level of prevention and treatment. Condom use was found to be significantly associated with alcohol d rinking, attitude towards condom use, accessibility and access to free condom supply and the reinforcing factors like support from the peers and clients. There was a positive si gnificant correlation between the depression and sexual risk behavior among them. The first thing to be done is to bring positive change in attitudes and resultant behaviou r towards them. Men facing problem due to having sex with men and condom use should be addressed comprehensively and synchronized in order to formulate appropriate prog rams for their proper care. Follow-up study is recommended along with further researches among them.
Bayesian Deep Net GLM and GLMM

Abstract Deep feedforward neural networks (DFNNs) are a powerful tool for functional approximation. We describe flexible versions of generalized linear and generalized linear mixed models incorporating basis functions formed by a DFNN. The consideration of neural networks with random effects is not widely used in the literature, perhaps because of the computational challenges of incorporating subject specific parameters into already complex models. Efficient computational methods for high-dimensional Bayesian inference are developed using Gaussian variational approximation, with a parsimonious but flexible factor parameterization of the covariance matrix. We implement natural gradient methods for the optimization, exploiting the factor structure of the variational covariance matrix in computation of the natural gradient. Our flexible DFNN models and Bayesian inference approach lead to a regression and classification method that has a high prediction accuracy, and is able to quantify the prediction uncertainty in a principled and convenient way. We also describe how to perform variable selection in our deep learning method. The proposed methods are illustrated in a wide range of simulated and real-data examples, and compare favorably to a state of the art flexible regression and classification method in the statistical literature, the Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) method. User-friendly software packages in Matlab, R, and Python implementing the proposed methods are available at https://github.com/VBayesLab.
Antagonistic effects of three lactic acid bacterial strains isolated from Nigerian indigenous fermented Ogi on E. coli EKT004 in co-culture

E. coli is one of the major pathogenic bacteria that cause diarrhoea in human. Traditional fermented foods, e.g. Ogi, has been used indigenously to treat diarrhoea. This study was aimed at investigating the antagonistic activity of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from three varieties of ogi against multidrug resistant E. coli EKT004. Antibiotic susceptibility of the tested E. coli EKT004 strain to ofloxacin, gentamycin, cefuroxime, ceftazidine, lincomycin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin was tested by disc diffusion method. E. coli EKT004 was co-incubated in two different experiments with Weissella paramesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, and L. fermentum that have been previously isolated from Ogi. An 8 h old E. coli was introduced into an overnight culture of LAB and a fresh E. coli was inoculated into overnight culture of LAB. Viable count of pathogen at 0 h and after 24 h co-incubation at 37 °C was observed. The tested E. coli EKT004 was resistant .
Imaging, single atom contact and single atom manipulations at low temperature using the new ScientaOmicron LT-UHV-4 STM

The performances of the new ScientaOmicron LT-UHV 4-STM microscope have been certified by a series of state-of-art STM experiments on an Au(1 1 1) surface at 4.3 K. During the STM operation of the 4 STM scanners (independently or in parallel with an inter tip apex front to front distance down to a few tens of nanometers), a ΔZ stability of about 2 pm per STM was demonstrated. With this LT-UHV 4-STM stability, single Au atom manipulation experiments were performed on Au(1 1 1) by recording the pulling, sliding and pushing manipulation signals per scanner. Jump to contact experiments lead to perfectly linear low voltage I-V characteristics on a contacted single Au ad-atom with no need of averaging successive I-V ’s. Our results show how this new instrument is exactly 4 times a very precise single tip LT-UHV-STM. Two tips surface conductance measurements were performed on Au(1 1 1) using a lock-in technique in a floating sample mode of operation to capture the Au(1 1 1) surface states via two STM tips dI /dV characteristics.
First numerical ephemerides of the Martian moons

We present new ephemerides of Phobos and Deimos that are fit to observations from 1877 to 2005 and include recent spacecraft observations by Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Express. In contrast to earlier models, this is the first completely numerical one. In particular, the tidal effects have been modeled by the tidal bulge raised by each moon on the planet, instead of fitting secular accelerations in the satellite longitudes. This partly avoids absorbing the Deimos observational errors in its related tidal acceleration. Moreover, applying this model to other systems will be easier. Our estimate of the Martian dissipation is Q = 79.91 ± 0.69 (1 σ -formal error) when assuming $k_2 = 0.152$ for the Martian Love number and $G{m}_{\rm Ph}$ = 0.68$\times$10 6 m 3 /s 2 for the Phobos mass. We also report the possibility of fitting the Phobos oblateness gravity field. We suspect a non-uniform density for Phobos or a bias in either the observations or the Martian gravity field. A FORTRAN subroutine that computes the Martian moons' ephemerides is available on request.
Reconsidering Kant, Friedman, Logical Positivism, And The Exact Sciences*

This essay considers the nature of conceptual frameworks in science, and suggests a reconsideration of the role played by philosophy in radical conceptual change. On Kuhn’s view of conceptual conflict, the scientist’s appeal to philosophical principles is an obvious symptom of incommensurability; philosophical preferences are merely “subjective factors” that play a part in the “necessarily circular” arguments that scientists offer for their own conceptual commitments. Recent work by Friedman has persuasively challenged this view, revealing the roles that philosophical concerns have played in preparing the way for conceptual change, creating an enlarged conceptual space in which alternatives to the prevailing framework become intelligible and can be rationally discussed. If we shift our focus from philosophical themes or preferences to the process of philosophical analysis, however, we can see philosophy in a different and much more significant historic role: not merely as an external source of general heuristic principles and new conceptual possibilities, but, at least in the most important revolutionary developments, as an objective tool of scientific inquiry. I suggest that this approach offers some insight into the philosophical significance of Newton’s and Einstein’s revolutionary work in physics, and of the interpretation of their work by (respectively) Kant and the logical positivists. It also offers insight into the connections between modern philosophy of science and some traditional philosophical concerns about the nature of a priori knowledge.
Tunable disorder in a crystal of cold polar molecules

We show that a two-species mixture of polar molecules trapped on an optical lattice gives rise to a system of rotational excitons in the presence of tunable impurities. The exciton-impurity interactions can be controlled by an external electric field, which can be exploited for quantum simulation of localization phenomena in disordered media. We demonstrate that an external electric field can be used to induce resonant enhancement of the exciton-impurity scattering cross sections and delocalization of excitonic states in a correlated one-dimensional disorder potential.