Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of excess weight on cancer incidences depending on cancer sites and histologic findings among men: Korea National Health Insurance Corporation Study.

PURPOSE The effects of excess weight on the development of cancers are controversial, and little is known for populations outside the United States and Europe. We conducted this study to assess the effects of excess weight with a large cohort of Koreans. METHODS We assessed the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and various cancers in a 10-year follow-up cohort of 781,283 Korean men who were free of prior cancer at baseline. Weight and height were measured, and questionnaires related to health behaviors and medical history were completed. Data on newly developed cancers were obtained from two organizations in Korea. A proportional hazards model was used to examine the relationship between BMI and cancer. RESULTS Adenocarcinoma in the colon and rectosigmoid, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma in the prostate, renal cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma in the thyroid, small-cell carcinoma in the lung, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and melanoma had positive dose-dependent relationships with BMI (all P < .05). Although no linear trend was found (P = .267), obese men who never smoked with a BMI of >or= 30 kg/m(2) had an increased risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma (relative risk = 1.73). Other cancers, such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and gallbladder and pancreatic cancer, did not show significant associations. CONCLUSION These findings show that, even in Koreans, obesity clearly increases the risk of many types of cancers and the strength of the associations varies with the organ and histologic type. Because these obesity-related cancers are reported to be rapidly increasing in Korea and many other Asian countries, controlling obesity epidemics could be an effective tool for preventing these cancers in these areas.
VESTIBULAR HABITUATION IN MAN AND MONKEY DURING SINUSOIDAL ROTATION *

Habituation of the vestibular system by repeated steps of angular velocity leads to a shortening of nystagmus. These steps can be broken down into different frequency sinusoids. High-frequency sinusoidal rotation (above 0.1 Hz) generally was found to be ineffective, while low-frequency stimulation (0.0015-0.05 Hz) led to a dramatic shortening of time constants after only a few cycles of stimulation. In the alert monkey, time constants of vestibular nystagmus and single units, recorded from the vestibular nuclei, are always similar and covary together. Experiments in humans, with measurement of nystagmus and subjective velocity sensation, suggest similar processes for habituation.
The chromatographic separation of anionic dye in inkjet coating structures

During the ink setting process on coated inkjet paper, the porosity and pore size distribution of the coating structure determines how much, in which direction and at what speed the surface can absorb the ink. The capillary and permeation flow drives the liquid into the structure and controls the volume flow, respectively. The coating binder, quite often polyvinyl alcohol, has an effect on the inkjet ink imbibition by occupying a proportion of the available pore volume and absorbing via swelling of the polymer matrix. The aim of this work is to clarify the role of the porous structure and the coexistent swelling of binder during the liquid imbibition, with special attention paid to the fixation of dye and its distribution during the chromatographic separation process. The results confirm that water molecules diffuse into and within hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol binder causing the binder swelling. The swelling affects the number of active small pores remaining available for capillarity, by reducing the diameter and volume of the remaining free pores, thus slowing the capillary flow, such that the permeation flow rapidly becomes the rate determining step rather than the desired fine capillary-driven liquid imbibition. On the other hand, water molecules diffusing into the binder structure open the polymer network so that the colorant molecules can also fit into it. This mechanism is reflected in the observation that, in the case of dye-based inks, there is always a clear (non-coloured) wetting front advancing before the colour front. The swelling binder, therefore, though reducing absorption dynamic, does act to provide sorbtion volume and surface for colorant, aiding an otherwise coating surface area limited function in respect to dye capture and fixation. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Review of Secure Routing Approaches for Current and Next-Generation Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Multimedia applications are gradually becoming an essential—and flourishing—part of our daily lives. The area of wireless sensor networks is not an exception to this trend, as multimedia data have attracted the attention of researchers. Their importance is due to the shift of focus from traditional scalar sensors to sensors equipped with multimedia devices, as well as to the next-generation wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). The highly sensitive nature of multimedia traffic makes data routing with security even more important in WMSNs. This paper discusses the challenges of secure routing in WMSNs, where most of the proposed works in the literature deal with routing and security as individual issues. A critical and comprehensive review of state-of-the-art routing and security approaches for WMSNs is presented, followed by the discussion of their limitations and features. It is hoped that this extensive review and discussion ultimately identifies the future research directions and the open challenges of secure routing approaches in WMSNs.
A influência do unified power flow controller (upfc) no sistema elétrico de potência

O dispositivo FACTS UPFC e extremamente poderoso no que se refere ao controle e gerenciamento dos parâmetros do sistema eletrico de potencia. Dependo de sua estrategia de controle esse dispositivo pode assumir diferentes configuracoes, realizando assim, um controle seletivo ou simultâneo dos parâmetros da rede de transmissao. Atuando na configuracao simultânea, o UPFC pode controlar e gerenciar fluxos de potencia ativa e reativa na linha de transmissao em que esta instalado e, alem disso, realizar o controle da tensao do barramento comum de instalacao. Nesse artigo _e apresentado seu modelo de injecao de potencia, sua estrutura do sistema de controle e a inclusao desse controlador no algoritmo de Newton-Raphson. Analises de fluxo de potencia sao realizadas em um sistema teste multimaquinas conhecido como New England. Os resultados obtidos sao apresentados e discutidos no decorrer do trabalho.
Formalizaciones para esquemas de argumentación

Los esquemas de argumentacion [12, 11, 13], son patrones de razonamiento que siguen los seres humanos para discutir sobre un asunto determinado, y estan guiados por un conjunto de preguntas cŕiticas que enmarcan los criterios que permiten determinar cuando un razonamiento se ajusta a un determinado patron. Al estar expresados como un conjunto de preguntas, los esquemas de argumentacion no estan definidos ni analizados de una manera sistematicamente aprovechable para campos de aplicacian como la IA. Entre estos esquemas se encuentran los Esquemas que apelan a la Opinion del Experto o Esquemas Basados en la Posicion del Saber, y los Esquemas que recurren al uso de Analoǵias y Clasificaciones Verbales [12]. En trabajos previos se vienen formalizando estos esquemas de argumentacion [6, 2, 1] mediante extensiones del Framework de Dung [4]. En esta ĺinea de investigacion se pretende refinar la definiciones de los Frameworks ya propuestos, especialmente de aquel que recurre a las Analoǵias y Clasificaciones Verbales, y desarrollar las formalizaciones para los restantes esquemas de argumentacion.
Reduced-complexity mobile velocity estimation in correlated MIMO channels

This paper extends the existing class of autocorrelation function (ACF) based velocity estimation schemes, well-studied for single-antenna channels, to Multiple-Input Multiple-Output channels. The complexity of an intuitive extension approach, i.e. averaging individual velocity estimates from all MIMO sub-channels, increases exponentially with increasing MIMO antennas. This paper proposes two low-complexity schemes for the symmetric correlated MIMO channel with 'N' antennas. The first scheme, for a MIMO channel correlated on strictly either transmitter or receiver side, leads to complexity reduction by a factor of 'N/2'. The second scheme, for MIMO channels exhibiting correlation on both sides of the channel is a more intelligent velocity estimation scheme which allows reduction of complexity by a factor of 'N²/4'. In addition to the reduced complexity, velocity estimates obtained using both proposed schemes are more accurate than the intuitive extension approach. With 'massive MIMO' being envisioned as a reality in 5G, these schemes offer a low-complexity solution to estimate the important velocity parameter, eventually aiding diverse dynamic resource allocation schemes.
Modeling Human Behavior to Anticipate Insider Attacks

The insider threat ranks among the most pressing cyber-security challenges that threaten government and industry information infrastructures. To date, no systematic methods have been developed that provide a complete and effective approach to prevent data leakage, espionage, and sabotage. Current practice is forensic in nature, relegating to the analyst the bulk of the responsibility to monitor, analyze, and correlate an overwhelming amount of data. We describe a predictive modeling framework that integrates a diverse set of data sources from the cyber domain, as well as inferred psychological/motivational factors that may underlie malicious insider exploits. This comprehensive threat assessment approach provides automated support for the detection of high-risk behavioral "triggers" to help focus the analyst's attention and inform the analysis. Designed to be domain-independent, the system may be applied to many different threat and warning analysis/sense-making problems.
The structure of the mammalian centromere

The mammalian centromere is a multifunctional chromosomal domain with a complexity that is reflected in its higher order structure, DNA sequence organization and protein composition. The centromere plays a major role during cell division where it functions as the site for the integration of the chromosome with the mitotic spindle, the site of the mechanochemical motor responsible for the movement of chromosomes and the major and last point of interaction between sister chromatids. Recent studies have focused on characterizing the components of the centromere and establishing their relationship to its function. The following brief review summarizes some selected aspects of this recent work.
Engagement, bonding, and identity across multiple platforms: Avaaz on Facebook, YouTube, and MySpace

This article explores the role of social media platforms in transnational activism by examining the case of Avaaz.org, an international advocacy organization aiming to bring people-powered politics to global decision-making. Focusing on the Avaaz website, its channel on YouTube, its page on Facebook and its profile page on MySpace, the article investigates the affordances of these platforms for identity-building, bonding, and engagement. The empirical data is derived from features analysis of the selected web platforms, as well as textual analysis of the comments posted by users. The findings show that while social media platforms make individual voices more visible, their design helps Avaaz to maintain a coherent collective voice. In terms of bonding, platforms allow individual activists to communicate with the organization and to spread its message to their existing social networks, but opportunities for private interpersonal communication with other Avaaz supporters are limited.
Structural remodeling of nucleus ambiguus projections to cardiac ganglia following chronic intermittent hypoxia in C57BL/6J mice

The baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) is reduced following chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Since the nucleus ambiguus (NA) plays a key role in baroreflex control of HR, we examined whether CIH remodels vagal efferent projections to cardiac ganglia. C57BL/6J mice (3–4 months of age) were exposed to either room air (RA) or CIH for 3 months. Confocal microscopy was used to examine NA axons and terminals in cardiac ganglia following Fluoro‐Gold (FG) injections to label cardiac ganglia, and microinjections of tracer DiI into the left NA to anterogradely label vagal efferents. We found that: 1) Cardiac ganglia were widely distributed on the dorsal surface of the atria. Although the total number of cardiac ganglia did not differ between RA and CIH mice, the size of ganglia and the somatic area of cardiac principal neurons (PNs) were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the size of the PN nuclei was increased following CIH (P < 0.01). 2) NA axons entered cardiac ganglia and innervated PNs with dense basket endings in both RA and CIH mice, and the percentage of innervated PNs was similar (RA: 50 ± 1.0%; CIH: 49 ± 1.0%; P > 0.10). In CIH mice, however, swollen cardiac axons and terminals without close contacts to PNs were found. Furthermore, varicose endings around PNs appeared swollen and the axonal varicose area around PNs was almost doubled in size (CIH: 163.1 ± 6.4 μm2; RA: 88 ± 3.9 μm2, P < 0.01). Thus, CIH significantly altered the structure of cardiac ganglia and resulted in reorganized vagal efferent projections to cardiac ganglia. Such remodeling of cardiac ganglia and vagal efferent projections provides new insight into the effects of CIH on the brain–heart circuitry of C57BL/6J mice. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:103–117, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[Acute insular infarct increases risk of electrocardiogram changes and sudden cardiac death].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of location and size of acute insular infarct on stroke-related electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and cardiovascular events. METHODS Ninety-nine cases admitted to hospital from October 2007 to June 2009, who were diagnosed as acute middle cerebral artery territory infarct within 48 h after onset and without the history of cardiac diseases, were included in the study. The patients were further divided into three groups: major insular infarct, minor insular infarct and control group, according to the infarct size on MRI diffusion-weighted image. The clinical data, ECG changes and cardiovascular events were compared between left and right insular infarct. Logistic regression was applied to determine the independent risk factors of ECG changes and cardiovascular events. RESULT Large artery atherosclerosis was the main cause of acute insular infarct (71.8 %), which was associated with higher NIHSS score compared to the control group (P < 0.01). Comparing the left and right insular infarct, the frequencies of sinus bradycardia and sudden cardiac death were significantly higher in left insular infarct (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), while there was a trend that the frequency of atrial fibrillation was higher in right insular infarct (P = 0.079). With the larger size of insular infarct, the frequency of sinus bradycardia, new atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac death (P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively) became much higher. Logistic regression analysis showed that major insular infarct was related to the higher frequency of sinus bradycardia (OR = 4.660, 95% CI: 1.646 ~ 13.195; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Acute insular infarct is associated with the stroke-related ECG changes and sudden cardiac death. Left insular infarct is related to sinus bradycardia, possibly due to the enhanced parasympathetic tone. It deserves clinical attention that the incidence of cardiac autonomic disturbance becomes higher with the enlarged insular infarct size.
The Automated Estimation of Content-Terms for Query-Focused Multi-document Summarization

Query-focused multi-document summarization aims to produce a summary in response to a user query. We present an approach based on estimation of content-terms to address this task. In the process of estimating content-terms, we make full use of the relevant feature and the information richness feature for assigning importance to each of them. With summary content-terms being identified correctly, the candidate sentences are ranked and best sentences are selected to form the summary. Experiments on DUC 2005 and 2006 are performed and the ROUGH evaluation results show that the proposed approach is encouraging.
Axisymmetric and Asymmetric Behaviors of a Red Blood Cell in Capillaries

The axisymmetric and asymmetric behaviours of a red blood cell (RBC) in capillaries are investigated numerically by developing a two-fluid model, in which the membrane force is considered to describe the RBC deformation. The quantitative validations with the experimental and theoretical results are provided, and good agreements are found in the deformation index and deformed RBC shapes. The present results show that the RBC experiences the axisymmetric motion if the membrane force is balanced between the RBC cusps, otherwise the asymmetric motion occurs. The characteristic parachute shape of deformed RBC is observed in the axisymmetric motion, while the tank-treading motion of RBC membrane is generated in the asymmetric motion. As the capillary diameter increases, the decrease in RBC length is accompanied by an increase in RBC width.
Antibacterial Activity of Licochalcone A against Spore-Forming Bacteria

ABSTRACT Licochalcone A was isolated from the roots of licorice, Glycyrrhiza inflata, which has various uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries; isolation was followed by extraction with ethanol and column chromatography with silica gel. In this study, the activities of licochalcone A against some food contaminant microorganisms were evaluated in vitro. The vegetative cell growth of Bacillus subtilis was inhibited in a licochalcone A concentration-dependent manner and was completely prevented by 3 μg of licochalcone A/ml. Licochalcone A showed a high level of resistance to heating at 80 to 121°C for 15 min. Licochalcone A did not inhibit the germination of heat-treated spores of B. subtilis induced by l-alanine. Licochalcone A showed effects against all gram-positive bacteria tested and especially was effective against all Bacillus spp. tested, with MICs of 2 to 3 μg/ml, but was not effective against gram-negative bacteria or eukaryotes at 50 μg/ml. Although the cationic antimicrobial peptides protamine and ε-poly-l-lysine resulted in the loss of antimicrobial activity in the presence of either 3% (wt/vol) NaCl or protease at 20 μg/ml, the antibacterial activity of licochalcone A was resistant to these conditions. Thus, licochalcone A could be a useful compound for the development of antibacterial agents for the preservation of foods containing high concentrations of salts and proteases, in which cationic peptides might be less effective.
The involvement of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in airway inflammation of patients with acute asthma

Background Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airway characterized by airway remodelling, and is due at least in part to an excess of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the airway wall, which leads to subepithelial collagen deposition. Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) is the major proteolytic enzyme that induces bronchial remodelling in asthma. MMP‐9 is also important in the migration of inflammatory cells through basement membrane components.
Cosmological expansion and the uniqueness of the gravitational action

Modified theories of gravity have recently been studied by several authors as possibly viable alternatives to the cosmological concordance model. Such theories attempt to explain the accelerating expansion of the universe by changing the theory of gravity, instead of introducing dark energy. In particular, a class of models based on higher order curvature invariants, so-called f(R) gravity models, has drawn attention. In this letter we show that within this framework, the expansion history of the universe does not uniquely determine the form of the gravitational action and it can be radically different from the standard Einstein-Hilbert action. We demonstrate that for any fluid with a barotropic equation state, there always exists a class of f(R) models that will have exactly the same expansion history as that arising from the Einstein-Hilbert action. This also holds for multicomponent systems that allow an effective fluid description. Consequently, any f(R) model that leads to a given expansion history can always be generalized to a class of models that have exactly the same expansion history as a solution. We explicitly show how one can extend the Einstein-Hilbert action by constructing a f(R) theory that is equivalent on the classical level. As a result, we findmore » that one cannot mimic {lambda}CDM type expansion exactly by a matter only universe by any choice of f(R) without introducing an explicit cosmological constant. Because of the classical equivalence between f(R) theories and Einstein-Hilbert gravity with an extra scalar field, one can also hence construct equivalent scalar-tensor theories with standard expansion. « less
Prolonged exposure of neutrophils to saline or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid does not alter superoxide anion generation.

The role played by neutrophils (PMNs) in the genesis of lung injury in diverse clinical situations, such as bronchial asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and the adult respiratory distress syndrome, is an area of intensive investigation. Functional studies of PMNs, particularly those obtained from the alveoli by bronchoalveolar lavage, should shed light on their contribution to lung injury. However, it has not been demonstrated whether procedures used to harvest cells from the lung (bronchoalveolar lavage), particularly the potentially prolonged exposure to saline, commonly used to perform lavage, and other components of lavage fluid, can alter the functional characteristics of PMNs. In this report we demonstrate that a 2- to 3-hour exposure of neutrophils to saline from both humans and sheep in vitro does not alter the functional characteristics of PMNs as determined by superoxide anion generation after activation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; 6.96 +/- 0.44 vs. 7.60 +/- 0.32 nmol O2-/250,000 PMNs for control and saline-treated human cells, respectively, after a 45-min incubation with 10(-7) M PMA, and 4.73 +/- 0.30 vs. 4.50 +/- 0.42 nmol O2-/250,000 PMNs for control and saline-treated sheep cells). In a second series of experiments, we studied the effect of exposure of human PMNs to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid supernatants obtained from normal volunteers on superoxide anion generation by neutrophils. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
First laboratory confirmation of salmonid alphavirus infection in Italy and Spain.

1 Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute of Northern Ireland, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland 2 Department of Veterinary Science, Queen s University of Belfast, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy 4 Aquatic Veterinary Services, Belfast, Northern Ireland 5 Fish Health Service, Skretting, Cojobar (Burgos), Spain 6 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran