Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Total Knee Arthroplasty1

and the outcomes (Torgerson, 2003). Concerning title, the researcher can check whether it is valuable and significant to the research subject, the authors’ validity or involvement in the field will be distinguished and the summary ought to break down whether it is right and if the outcomes are appropriate to the subject of study. The second stage will continue to the critical reading of records. Critical reading programme is a method that offers the chance to expand the adequacy of the perusing, gaining aptitudes important to bar as fast as experimental articles and trashy acknowledge those sufficiently other logical quality to offer the analyst in choice some assistance with making. In this manner, the papers must be assessed in three ranges: 1. Can we believe the outcomes? At the end of the day: would they say they are legitimate? That is to say, arraign the methodological legitimacy of the article. The criteria of legitimacy things are distinctive for various inquiries; 2. What are the outcomes? For instance, would it be able to be contrasted with the trial intercession with control an extraordinary impact and so on? Furthermore, how they do it? 3. Are these outcomes pertinent or appropriate in my surroundings? (Torgerson, 2003) Total Knee Arthroplasty17 Quality Assessment A key aspect of any systematic review is to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies in order to identify possible sources of bias. Linked to the analysis of methodological quality with which it was designed and conducted the study, it is the analysis of how the findings are reported. It is difficult to distinguish between the two aspects of quality as both are closely related. For either analysis tools there are two very popular today. On the one hand, the STARD initiative for the publication of studies of diagnostic accuracy is aimed at magazine editors and authors of articles and aims to improve the quality of publications and to allow readers to assess the potential biases of the study and judge their generalization (Bossuyt et al., 2003). This initiative is the area of research on what the diagnosis was CONSORT research in treatment. On the other hand, is the QUADAS questionnaire, designed specifically for evaluating the quality of the primary studies included in systematic reviews of diagnostic. The questionnaire contains a number of items, including the design and analysis of the study covering the spectrum from patients included into the presence of the most common biases(Bossuyt et al.,
Treatment of Cluster Headache in Pregnancy and Lactation

Cluster headache is a rare disorder in women, but has a serious impact on the affected woman's life, especially on family planning. Women with cluster headache who are pregnant need special support, including the expertise of an experienced headache centre, an experienced gynaecologist and possibly a teratology information centre. The patient should be seen through all stages of the pregnancy. A detailed briefing about the risks and safety of various treatment options is mandatory. In general, both the number of medications and the dosage should be kept as low as possible. Preferred treatments include oxygen, subcutaneous or intranasal sumatriptan for acute pain and verapamil and prednisone/ prednisolone as preventatives. If there is a compelling reason to treat the patient with another preventative, gabapentin is the drug of choice. While breastfeeding, oxygen, sumatriptan and lidocaine for acute pain and prednisone/prednisolone, verapamil, and lithium as preventatives are the drugs of choice. As the individual pharmacokinetics differ substantially, adverse drug effects should be considered if unexplained symptoms occur in the newborn.
Conformational States of Human Rat Sarcoma (Ras) Protein Complexed with Its Natural Ligand GTP and Their Role for Effector Interaction and GTP Hydrolysis*

The guanine nucleotide-binding protein Ras exists in solution in two different conformational states when complexed with different GTP analogs such as GppNHp or GppCH2p. State 1 has only a very low affinity to effectors and seems to be recognized by guanine nucleotide exchange factors, whereas state 2 represents the high affinity effector binding state. In this work we investigate Ras in complex with the physiological nucleoside triphosphate GTP. By polarization transfer 31P NMR experiments and effector binding studies we show that Ras(wt)·Mg2+·GTP also exists in a dynamical equilibrium between the weakly populated conformational state 1 and the dominant state 2. At 278 K the equilibrium constant between state 1 and state 2 of C-terminal truncated wild-type Ras(1–166) K12 is 11.3. K12 of full-length Ras is >20, suggesting that the C terminus may also have a regulatory effect on the conformational equilibrium. The exchange rate (kex) for Ras(wt)·Mg2+·GTP is 7 s−1 and thus 18-fold lower compared with that found for the Ras·GppNHp complex. The intrinsic GTPase activity substantially increases after effector binding for the switch I mutants Ras(Y32F), (Y32R), (Y32W), (Y32C/C118S), (T35S), and the switch II mutant Ras(G60A) by stabilizing state 2, with the largest effect on Ras(Y32R) with a 13-fold increase compared with wild-type. In contrast, no acceleration was observed in Ras(T35A). Thus Ras in conformational state 2 has a higher affinity to effectors as well as a higher GTPase activity. These observations can be used to explain why many mutants have a low GTPase activity but are not oncogenic.
Non tumoural aqueductal stenosis with intermittent course. Case report after a six year follow up.

1 Rau JH, Green RS. Soft neurological correlates of compulsive eaters. J Nervous and Mental Dis 1978;166:435-7. 2 Wermuth BM, Davis KL, Hollister LE, Stuunkard AJ. Phenytoin treatment of the binge-ating syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1977;134:1249-53. 3 Koul R, Koul S, Razadan S. Eating Epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 1989;80:78-80. 4 Remick RA, Jones MW, Campos PE. Postictal Bulimia (letter). J Clin Psychiatry 1980; 41:256. 5 Kaplan AS, Garfinkel PE, Darby PL, Garner DM. Carbamazepine in the treatment of bulimia. Am J Psychiatry 1983;140:1225-6. 6 Signer SF, Benson DF. Three cases of anorexia nervosa associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Am J Psychiatry 1990;147:235-37.
Emerging energy customers of the twenty-first century

he industrial history of North America and Europe is almost always told from the perspective of the producer, generally extolling the productive growth of the economy and the successes of the great innovators and titans of Mass Markets Privitizatiori and deregulation are Unmasked As new and revitalized players in the energy industry approach the specter of competition, their first instinct is typically to reduce rates and costs. Operating budgets and work forces are giving the global energy c trstomer iricreasing freedom to choose, while blurring the boundaries between traditioniil itidiislries serving energy producers and users
Medulloblastoma Sensitivity to 17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin Requires MEK/ERK*

ERBB2 increases the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to the HSP90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG). This has been attributed to the disruption of ERBB3/ERBB2 heterodimers that maintain a crucial cell survival signal via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT. ERBB2 confers a poor clinical outcome in medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Here, we show that medulloblastoma cell sensitivity to 17-AAG is directly related to ERBB2 expression level. Furthermore, overexpression of exogenous ERBB2 in these cells induces spontaneous homodimerization, further enhancing cell sensitivity to 17-AAG. In contrast to breast cancer cells, this increased sensitivity to 17-AAG does not result from cell dependence on AKT1 activity. Rather, we show that 17-AAG generates a dose- and time-dependent increase in MEK/ERK signaling that is required for the drug to inhibit the proliferation of medulloblastoma cells and that ERBB2 sensitizes medulloblastoma cells to 17-AAG by up-regulating basal MEK/ERK signaling. We further show that down-regulation of MEK1 activity markedly reduces the sensitivity of medulloblastoma, breast, and ovarian cancer cells to 17-AAG, whereas expression of a constitutively active MEK1 potentiates the activity of 17-AAG against these cells. Therefore, intact MEK/ERK signaling may be required for optimal 17AAG activity against a variety of tumor cell types. These data identify a new mechanism by which 17-AAG inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells. Defining the precise mode of action of these agents within specific tumor cell types will be crucial if this class of drugs is to be efficiently developed in the clinic.
Occupational exposure of aldehydes resulting from the storage of wood pellets

ABSTRACT An exposure assessment was conducted to investigate the potential for harmful concentrations of airborne short chain aldehydes emitted from recently stored wood pellets. Wood pellets can emit a number of airborne aldehydes include acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, and hexanal. Exposure limits have been set for these compounds since they can result in significant irritation of the upper respiratory system at elevated concentrations. Formaldehyde is a recognized human carcinogen and acetaldehyde is an animal carcinogen. Thus, air sampling was performed in a wood pellet warehouse at a pellet mill, two residential homes with bulk wood pellet storage bins, and in controlled laboratory experiments to evaluate the risk to occupants. Using NIOSH method 2539, sampling was conducted in five locations in the warehouse from April–June 2016 when it contained varying quantities of bagged pellets as well as two homes with ten ton bulk storage bins. The aldehyde concentrations were found to increase with the amount of stored pellets. Airborne concentrations of formaldehyde were as high as 0.45 ppm in the warehouse exceeding the NIOSH REL-C, and ACGIH TLV-C occupational exposure limits (OELs). The concentrations of aldehydes measured in the residential bins were also elevated indicating emissions may raise indoor air quality concerns for occupants. While individual exposures are of concern the combined irritant effect of all the aldehydes is a further raise the concerns for building occupants. To minimize exposure and the risk of adverse health effects to a building's occupants in storage areas with large quantities of pellets, adequate ventilation must be designed into storage areas.
Infections With Biofilm Formation: Selection of Antimicrobials and Role of Prolonged Antibiotic Therapy

B are groups of bacteria attached to themselves and/or a surface and encased in a self-secreted matrix or slime. The National Institute of Health in the United States estimates that 80% of all infections are associated with organisms forming biofilms. The process driving biofilm formation from planktonic (free-swimming) bacterial populations is complex and arises as an adaptation of the bacteria to environmental cues. A general biofilm model for the formation of a bacterial biofilm can be described. In brief, the process consists of 5 genetically distinct steps: (1) initial bacterial attachment, (2) surface formation of a bacterial monolayer, (3) migration of bacteria to form microcolonies, (4) increased production of extracellular matrix and (5) maturation of the 3-dimensional architecture of the biofilm (Fig., Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/INF/C438). In addition, bacterial biofilms can undergo dispersion by releasing planktonic cells, allowing for dissemination of the biofilm to other locations in the environment or the body. Biofilms are a particular concern to clinicians primarily because they contribute significantly to antimicrobial resistance, rendering these infections difficult to treat. Many studies have shown that bacterial biofilms have the ability to survive following exposure to high levels of various antibiotics. This has been attributed to a number of factors including interaction of the antibiotic with the extracellular matrix, an increase in the expression of efflux pumps during initial attachment of bacteria and the slow growth of bacteria within areas of the biofilm. As a result, biofilms are up to 1000 times more resistant to antibiotic treatment when compared with traditional, planktonic susceptibility testing. In addition, several studies have noted the inability of host immune cells to eradicate biofilm infections, resulting in a nidus for recurrent infections.
Registration of births, stillbirths and infant deaths in Jamaica.

BACKGROUND Vital statistics underestimate the prevalence of perinatal and infant deaths. This is particularly significant when these parameters affect eligibility for international assistance for newly emerging nations. OBJECTIVE To determine the level of registration of livebirths, stillbirths and infant deaths in Jamaica. METHODOLOGY Births, stillbirths and neonatal deaths identified during a cross-sectional study (1986); and infant deaths identified in six parishes (1993) were matched to vital registration documents filed with the Registrar General. RESULTS While 94% of livebirths were registered by one year of age (1986), only 13% of stillbirths (1986) and 25% of infant deaths (1993) were registered. Post neonatal deaths were more likely to be registered than early neonatal deaths. Frequently the birth was not registered when the infant died. Birth registration rates were highest in parishes with high rates of hospital deliveries (rs = 0.97, P < 0.001) where institutions notify the registrar of each birth. Hospital deaths, however, were less likely to be registered than community deaths as registrars are not automatically notified of these deaths. CONCLUSIONS To improve vital registration, institutions should become registration centres for all vital events occurring there (births, stillbirths, deaths). Recommendations aimed at modernizing the vital registration system in Jamaica and other developing countries are also made.
Evaluating Performance of Automatic Image Annotation: Example Case by Fusing Global Image Features

In this paper we consider two traditional metrics for evaluating the performance in automatic image annotation, the normalised score (NS) and the precision/recall (PR) statistics, particularly in connection with a de facto standard 5000 Corel image benchmark annotation task. We also motivate and describe a third performance measure, de-symmetrised termwise mutual information (DTMI), as a principled compromise between the two traditional extremes. In addition to discussing the measures theoretically, we correlate them experimentally for a family of annotation system configurations derived from the PicSOM image content analysis framework. Looking at the obtained performance figures, we notice that such kind of a system based on the fusion of numerous global image features clearly outperforms the considered methods in the literature.
A Tale of Two Species: The Origins of Art and the Neanderthal Challenge

Abstract At the dawn of the Upper Palaeolithic era around 45,000 BP, Homo sapiens migrated into Europe. This process was accompanied by the extinction of Neanderthals, which has led many to believe that this species was cognitively and behaviorally inferior to anatomically modern humans. In recent years, however, this view has been challenged. This paper focuses on art and aesthetic practices among Neanderthals, as one of the exponents of modernity. It explores to what extent central cognitivist accounts of differences with Homo sapiens are supported by both theoretical arguments and empirical evidence. The commonly cited cognitive capacity for symbolism may be less crucial for art than hitherto assumed, and several other variables, such as demography and ecology, adapt the mainstream idea that the crucial difference between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans is of a cognitive nature. As such, Neanderthals may have been artists as well, challenging longstanding ideas about the uniqueness of our species.
Once-daily ceftriaxone therapy for serious bacterial infections in children

Ceftriaxone administered as a single daily dose of 50 mg/kg was evaluated in the treatment of 35 children with a variety of nonmeningitic bacterial infections. In two of the patients, the drug was discontinued before the response to the drug could be evaluated. All of the remaining patients had a satisfactory response. In 22 of the patients, plasma was available for the determination of ceftriaxone levels 1 h after a dose and immediately before the next dose. All but one of these patients had trough ceftriaxone levels which exceeded the MIC of the infecting organism, although marginally so for Staphylococcus aureus. Ceftriaxone appears to be safe and effective in the treatment of a variety of bacterial pathogens in children when administered at a single daily dose of 50 mg/kg. This drug may be especially useful in those patients in whom outpatient antibiotic therapy is contemplated or in whom maintenance of intravenous access is difficult.
Prevalence of Folate Deficiency and Macrocytosis in Patients With and Without Alcohol‐related Illness

Background This study was done to determine the prevalence of folate deficiency and macrocytosis in patients admitted to the hospital medicine service with alcohol and nonalcohol-related illnesses. Methods Two groups of patients, with and without alcohol-related illnesses, were included. Patients were excluded if they received folate therapy, medications known to alter folate concentrations, or if they had an uncertain diagnosis. Complete blood count and erythrocyte folate concentrations were determined from each patient. A Fisher's Exact Test and odds ratio were used to determine the prevalence of macrocytosis and correlation between folate deficiency and macrocytosis in the alcoholic group, respectively. Results Of the 36 alcoholic patients, 11.1% were folate deficient, and 33.3% had macrocytosis. Only 2 of 12 patients with macrocytosis were folate deficient. No control patient had macrocytosis or folate deficiency. Conclusion The prevalence of folate deficiency among patients with alcohol-related illness is low. There is no correlation detected between macrocytosis and folate deficiency. Our findings suggest that it may be inappropriate to routinely supplement all alcoholics with folic acid, but certainly a small minority may benefit from it.
Therapeutic hypothermia for acute ischemic stroke

Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator remains the only US FDA-approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke. However, the very limited time window for its administration restricts its usefulness. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that, given the numerous pathways via which cerebral ischemia causes cell death, the capacity to inhibit multiple mechanisms simultaneously may provide additive or synergistic beneficial clinical effects for stroke patients. Although no clinical trials have yet investigated the efficacy of therapeutic hypothermia in focal cerebral ischemia, its pleiotropic neuroprotective actions, positive results in preclinical studies, as well as proven enhancement of neurologic outcomes in survivors of cardiac arrest and newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, make this neuroprotective strategy highly promising. This review presents an overview of the potential role of hypothermia in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and discusses ischemic cell death pathophysiology, neuroprotective mechanisms of hypothermia, methodologies employed for the induction of hypothermia, results from animal models of cerebral ischemia, and finally, currently available clinical trial data. Two valuable lessons learned thus far are that first, rapid induction of hypothermia is key and is best accomplished with a combination of ice-cold saline infusion and the use of endovascular cooling devices, and second, that shivering can be overcome with aggressive anti-shivering protocols including meperidine, buspirone and surface warming. We await the results of clinical trials to determine the utility of therapeutic hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke. If proven efficacious, hypothermia would be a welcome complement to established reperfusion therapies for ischemic stroke patients.
Autocrine and Paracrine Regulation of the Murine Skeleton by Osteocyte‐Derived Parathyroid Hormone‐Related Protein

Parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) have N‐terminal domains that bind a common receptor, PTHR1. N‐terminal PTH (teriparatide) and now a modified N‐terminal PTHrP (abaloparatide) are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved therapies for osteoporosis. In physiology, PTHrP does not normally circulate at significant levels, but acts locally, and osteocytes, cells residing within the bone matrix, express both PTHrP and the PTHR1. Because PTHR1 in osteocytes is required for normal bone resorption, we determined how osteocyte‐derived PTHrP influences the skeleton. We observed that adult mice with low PTHrP in osteocytes (targeted with the Dmp1(10kb)‐Cre) have low trabecular bone volume and osteoblast numbers, but osteoclast numbers were unaffected. In addition, bone size was normal, but cortical bone strength was impaired. Osteocyte‐derived PTHrP therefore stimulates bone formation and bone matrix strength, but is not required for normal osteoclastogenesis. PTHrP knockdown and overexpression studies in cultured osteocytes indicate that osteocyte‐secreted PTHrP regulates their expression of genes involved in matrix mineralization. We determined that osteocytes secrete full‐length PTHrP with no evidence for secretion of lower molecular weight forms containing the N‐terminus. We conclude that osteocyte‐derived full‐length PTHrP acts through both PTHR1 receptor‐mediated and receptor‐independent actions in a paracrine/autocrine manner to stimulate bone formation and to modify adult cortical bone strength. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Detecting Ads in Video Streams Using Acoustic and Visual Cues

A new technique provides accurate, efficient ad detection for online TV rebroadcasts. As online television grows in popularity, providers are seeking cost-effective ways to replace original advertisements in rebroadcasts with new ads that are not only fresher but that can target individual viewers' interests and preferences. Alternatively, completely removing commercials might be desirable for subscribers who pay for reused content. Researchers have developed various heuristic techniques to detect and remove ads in video streams. Many of these exploit common differences between advertising and program material including cut rates, soundtrack volume, and surrounding black frames
The evolution and population genetics of the ALDH2 locus: random genetic drift, selection, and low levels of recombination

The catalytic deficiency of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is caused by a nucleotide substitution (G1510A; Glu487Lys) in exon 12 of the ALDH2 locus. This SNP, and four non‐coding SNPs, including one in the promoter, span 40 kb of ALDH2; these and one downstream STRP have been tested in 37 worldwide populations. Only four major SNP‐defined haplotypes account for almost all chromosomes in all populations. A fifth haplotype harbours the functional variant and is only found in East Asians. Though the SNPs showed virtually no historic recombination, LD values are quite variable because of varying haplotype frequencies, demonstrating that LD is a statistical abstraction and not a fundamental aspect of the genome, and is not a function solely of recombination. Among populations, different sets of tagging SNPs, sometimes not overlapping, can be required to identify the common haplotypes. Thus, solely because haplotype frequencies vary, there is no common minimum set of tagging SNPs globally applicable. The Fst values of the promoter region SNP and the functional SNP were about two S.D. above the mean for a reference distribution of 117 autosomal biallelic markers. These high Fst values may indicate selection has operated at these or very tightly linked sites.