Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contradiction Detection with Contradiction-Specific Word Embedding

Contradiction detection is a task to recognize contradiction relations between a pair of sentences. Despite the effectiveness of traditional context-based word embedding learning algorithms in many natural language processing tasks, such algorithms are not powerful enough for contradiction detection. Contrasting words such as “overfull” and “empty” are mostly mapped into close vectors in such embedding space. To solve this problem, we develop a tailored neural network to learn contradiction-specific word embedding (CWE). The method can separate antonyms in the opposite ends of a spectrum. CWE is learned from a training corpus which is automatically generated from the paraphrase database, and is naturally applied as features to carry out contradiction detection in SemEval 2014 benchmark dataset. Experimental results show that CWE outperforms traditional context-based word embedding in contradiction detection. The proposed model for contradiction detection performs comparably with the top-performing system in accuracy of three-category classification and enhances the accuracy from 75.97% to 82.08% in the contradiction category.
Polyhedra and algorithms for the General Routing Problem

Das General Routing Problem ist ein auf ungerichteten Graphen definiertes NP-schweres kombinatorisches Optimierungsproblem. Es handelt sich um eine geringfugige Verallgemeinerung des besser bekannten Rural Postman Problem (siehe z.B. Garey & Johnson 1979), zu dem es tatsachlich sowohl theoretisch als auch was die praktische Losung betrifft aquivalent ist. Der Unterschied in der Namensgebung ist nur historisch bedingt. Ein erfolgreicher Ansatz, um kombinatorische Optimierungsprobleme dieser Art praktisch zu losen, d.h. unter der Menge der moglichen Losungen die beste zu finden, ist der folgende. Die Menge der Losungen einer konkreten Probleminstanz wird mit den Ecken eines konvexen Polyeders in einem euklidischen Vektorraum identifiziert. Ein konvexes Polyeder ist der Schnitt endliche vieler Halbraume. Ist eine Beschreibung des Polyeders durch lineare Ungleichungen gegeben, kann dann mit Standardmethoden der linearen Optimierung schnell die beste Losung gefunden werden. Um diesen Ansatz zu benutzen, mussen zwei Fragestellungen angegangen werden. Erstens mussen polyedrische Untersuchungen der Struktur des kombinatorischen Optimierungsproblems vorgenommen werden. Sowohl die Dimension des umgebenden euklidischen Raumes als auch die Struktur des Polyeders selber hangen namlich ab von den Daten, welche die Probleminstanz definieren. In unserem Fall ist das der Graph. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist es, Klassen von Ungleichungen zu finden, die benotigt werden, um die Polyeder zu beschreiben. Diesen Zweig der diskreten Optimierung nennt man polyedrische Kombinatorik. Zweitens mussen die Klassen von linearen Ungleichungen, die man identifiziert hat, algorithmisch nutzbar gemacht werden. Das fuhrt zur Entwicklung von Algorithmen, die das folgende Problem bearbeiten: Gegeben einen Punkt des umgebenden Raumes, stelle fest, ob er in dem Polyeder liegt, das durch die vorliegende Probleminstanz definiert wird, und falls das nicht der Fall ist, erzeuge eine Hyperebene in Form einer linearen Ungleichung, die den Punkt vom Polyeder trennt. Diese Arbeit widmet sich sowohl der polyedrischen Kombinatorik als auch der algorithmischen Nutzbarmachung von Ungleichungen im Zusammenhang mit dem General Routing Problem. Zum ersten Punkt tragen wir strukturelle Eigenschaften der Polyeder sowie eine Reihe von bisher nicht bekannten Klassen von Ungleichungen bei. Fur den zweiten Punkt stellen wir Algorithmen vor, die die oben beschriebenen Trennungsprobleme sowohl theoretisch als auch in der Praxis besser losen. Wir haben unsere Ergebnisse genutzt, um eine Software zu entwickeln, die das General Routing Problem lost, und wir stellen Rechenergebnisse vor.
Computational algorithms for product-form of competing Markov chains

We consider a particular class of Stochastic Petri Nets exhibiting a Product Form Solution over sub-nets. For this type of product form models we provide a normalisation constant algorithm for computing the performance indices of such SPNs. The considered Product Form Solution criterion is based on a factorisation of the equilibrium distribution of the model in terms of distributions of the Continuous Time Markov Chains of the basic sub-models and hence, although all the derivations presented in this paper concern Stochastic Petri Net models, they can easily be adapted to other performance formalisms where the identification of classes of models exhibiting a Product Form Solution over sub-models is possible.
A Parallel Variable Neighborhood Search Approach for Solving the Traveling Salesman Problem

This paper presents a parallel Variable Neighborhood Search (pVNS) algorithm for solving instances of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). pVSN uses two parallelization levels in order to reach near-optimal solutions for TSP instances. This parallel approach is evaluated by means of an experimental multi-clusters of computers in which the nodes in each cluster uses several threads for calculating the path cost of a candidate solution and a message passing based communication scheme between two clusters is implemented for sharing their solutions. The results obtained indicate that the use of this parallelization scheme leads to an execution time reduction of the VNS method and one near optimal solution is reached due to a best exploitation of the solution space.
Obtaining Self-Reports for Affective System Design

Constructing affect-sensitive intelligent tutoring systems often requires training data in which the learner's true affective or mental states are known. We use students' self reports as ground truth data. We record students during learning then obtain self reports about their mental states during post-recording interviews. We have found a surprising level of consistency in the relationship across different students from different cultures between affective or mental states and unintentional hand gestures during learning. However, in collecting these data, we face some challenges that we outline in this paper. Author
Analytical Modeling of Slotless Eccentric Surface-Mounted PM Machines Using a Conformal Transformation

In this work, an analytical technique is developed for modeling of the air gap flux density in the slotless eccentric surface-mounted permanent magnet (PM) machines. In the developed model, a 2-D solution for the Poisson equation is provided. In the modeling process, the eccentric stator is replaced with an equivalent current sheet at the stator bore. This current sheet is selected such that the overall tangential flux density caused by the PMs and the current sheet at the removed stator bore is zero. To find the contribution of current sheet on the air gap flux density, a conformal transformation is applied. The obtained exact values of the instantaneous air gap flux density components are used to compute the variables of the eccentric machine such as the back-EMF, the electromagnetic torque, and the unbalanced magnetic force. The provided model is valid for static, dynamic, and even mixed rotor eccentricity conditions. Finally, finite-element analysis is applied to verify the proposed model.
Transmission of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the Pork Production Chain from Farm to Slaughterhouse

ABSTRACT The transmission of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the pork production chain was followed from farm to slaughterhouse by studying the same 364 pigs from different production systems at farm and slaughterhouse levels. In all, 1,785 samples were collected, and the isolated Y. pseudotuberculosis strains were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The results of microbial sampling were combined with data from an on-farm observation and questionnaire study to elucidate the associations between farm factors and the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Following the same pigs in the production chain from farm to slaughterhouse, we were able to show similar Y. pseudotuberculosis genotypes in live animals, pluck sets (containing tongue, tonsils, esophagus, trachea, heart, lungs, diaphragm, liver, and kidneys), and carcasses and to conclude that Y. pseudotuberculosis contamination originates from the farms, is transported to slaughterhouses with pigs, and transfers to pluck sets and carcasses in the slaughter process. The study also showed that the high prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis in live pigs predisposes carcasses and pluck sets to contamination. When production types and capacities were compared, the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis was higher in organic production than in conventional production and on conventional farms with high rather than low production capacity. We were also able to associate specific farm factors with the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis by using a questionnaire and on-farm observations. On farms, contact with pest animals and the outside environment and a rise in the number of pigs on the farm appear to increase the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis.
Maladie de parkinson et freezing : proposition d’un programme spécifique A.P.A et intérêt d’une prise en charge à domicile chez un patient en isolement social

Le freezing est un trouble du mouvement qui peut affecter certaines personnes atteintes de la maladie de Parkinson. Il impacte alors fortement la qualite de vie des patients, et limite leur motricite. L’activite physique peut aider a lutter contre les troubles lies au freezing, a condition qu’elle soit adaptee sous forme de programme specifique. Dans cette etude de cas unique, l’objectif etait de limiter les troubles du freezing, pour que la personne puisse de nouveau sortir de chez elle en autonomie. Nous avons obtenu des resultats encourageants a la suite d’un programme de deux mois, a domicile. Il faut integrer dans les activites physiques, du travail aerobie, couple a du travail cognitif sous forme de double tâche, du renforcement musculaire cible, du travail d’equilibre et de posture, et des activites sollicitant l’integration sensorimotrice du sujet, avec une dominante visuo-spatiale. A la suite des deux mois d’entrainement, la personne semble reussir a maitriser l’apparition d’un episode de freezing, et marche en exterieur de facon autonome. Il faut tout de meme rester prudent sur les conclusions car les effets sont demontres sur un seul sujet.
Impacts of agriculture on the parasite communities of northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) in southern Quebec, Canada

SUMMARY Given that numerous amphibians are suffering population declines, it is becoming increasingly important to examine the relationship between disease and environmental disturbance. Indeed, while many studies relate anthropogenic activity to changes in the parasitism of snails and fishes, little is known of the impact on the parasites of amphibians, particularly from agriculture. For 2 years, the parasite communities of metamorphic northern leopard frogs from 7 agricultural wetlands were compared with those from 2 reference wetlands to study differences in parasite community diversity and abundance of various species under pristine conditions and 3 categories of disturbance: only agricultural landscape, only pesticides, and agricultural landscape with pesticides. Agricultural (and urban) area was negatively related to species richness, and associated with the near absence of adult parasites and species that infect birds or mammals. We suggest that agriculture and urbanization may hinder parasite transmission to frogs by limiting access of other vertebrate hosts of their parasites to wetlands. The only parasite found at all localities was an unidentified echinostome infecting the kidneys. This parasite dominated communities in localities surrounded by the most agricultural land, suggesting generalist parasites may persist in disrupted habitats. Community composition was associated with dissolved organic carbon and conductivity, but few links were found with pesticides. Pollution effects may be masked by a strong impact of land use on parasite transmission.
Anatomy and Pathology / Oncology Eye Growth in Term-And Preterm-Born Eyes Modeled From Magnetic Resonance Images

Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States Department of Optometry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, New York, United States Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Generation of Complex Dynamic Motion for a Humanoid Robot

Whole-body coordinated motion of a humanoid robot is known to be a difficult problem for the robotics community. Factors like the dynamic model of the robot, its physical limitations, and its stability throughout the motion must be considered for the results to be implementable on a real robot. Redundancy poses great difficulties as the control of a certain part of the humanoid, if not well planned, can produce non desirable effects on other parts, generating motions that look by far unnatural as compared to the way a human being would do it. This thesis has as starting point an inverse dynamics control scheme based on quadratic programming optimization. This scheme was extended with different tasks to control the different parts of the robot body satisfying at the same time the dynamic stability condition and the joint limits constraints. The implemented dynamically controlled visual task makes the motion of the head more realistic. The results of the control scheme consist on the robot HRP-2 sitting down on a chair. To this end, there is control over the head, chest, waist, both hands, both feet and the grippers, at different times, but often coinciding with more than one prioritized task at the same time. The rigid contacts are not limited to the ground surface with the feet, but extended to the hands with the armrest. These additional contacts make it possible for the robot to sit down in a realistic way. Human imitation is another complex area for whole-body motion. The second result presented in this thesis involves the imitation of a person’s dance by the robot. The motion was first acquired from a dancer using a motion capture system available at the laboratory, and then the robot’s joints were recovered using a forward kinematics optimization scheme. The motion thus obtained was further dynamically processed using the inverse dynamics control scheme to generate a dynamically stable motion for the robot since the ZMP condition is considered in the model. The motion is additionally modified using arbitrary tasks on the operational space or directly on the joint space in order to make the robot imitate the original motion more closely or even purposely differ from it at some point. The availability of these fast and easily realizable modifications, while maintaining dynamic stability, gives special advantages to the method proposed for imitation.
Rivalry, normativity, and the collapse of logical pluralism

Abstract Logical pluralism is the view that there is more than one correct logic. This very general characterization gives rise to a whole family of positions. I argue that not all of them are stable. The main argument in the paper is inspired by considerations known as the “collapse problem”, and it aims at the most popular form of logical pluralism advocated by JC Beall and Greg Restall. I argue that there is a more general argument available that challenges all variants of logical pluralism that meet the following three conditions: (i) that there are at least two correct logical systems characterized in terms of different consequence relations, (ii) that there is some sort of rivalry among the correct logics, and (iii) that logical consequence is normative. The hypothesis I argue for amounts to conditional claim: If a position satisfies all these conditions, then that position is unstable in the sense that it collapses into competing positions.
1 Capturing Traffic Locally in User-Space

Transport Layer Security (TLS), has become the de-facto standard for secure Internet communication. When used correctly, it provides secure data transfer, but used incorrectly, it can leave users vulnerable to attacks while giving them a false sense of security. Numerous efforts have studied the adoption of TLS (and its predecessor, SSL) and its use in the desktop ecosystem, attacks, and vulnerabilities in both desktop clients and servers. However, there is a dearth of knowledge of how TLS is used in mobile platforms. In this paper we use data collected by Lumen, a mobile measurement platform, to analyze how 7,258 Android apps use TLS in the wild. We analyze and fingerprint handshake messages to characterize the TLS APIs and libraries that apps use, and also evaluate weaknesses. We see that about 84% of apps use default OS APIs for TLS. Many apps use third-party TLS libraries; in some cases they are forced to do so because of restricted Android capabilities. Our analysis shows that both approaches have limitations, and that improving TLS security in mobile is not straightforward. Apps that use their own TLS configurations may have vulnerabilities due to developer inexperience, but apps that use OS defaults are vulnerable to certain attacks if the OS is out of date, even if the apps themselves are up to date. We also study certificate verification, and see low prevalence of security measures such as certificate pinning, even among highrisk apps such as those providing financial services, though we did observe major third-party tracking and advertisement services deploying certificate pinning.
Improved prognosis for localized malignant lymphomas of the head and neck

Conclusion: In this study we found localized malignant lymphomas of the head and neck to be highly treatable and to have a significantly improved prognosis with recent treatment methods. The head and neck surgeon should keep in mind that the prognosis, especially for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, has improved if the patient receives the optimal treatment. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the current prognosis of localized malignant lymphoma of the head and neck given recent advancements in treatment and diagnostic features, as well as adding histological subtypes to the literature according to the 2001 classification. Methods: We present a retrospective study including a cohort of 100 consecutive patients who had localized malignant lymphoma within the head and neck region diagnosed at a single centre from 2000 to 2007. Results: The histology was revised according to the WHO classification and showed 58% with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The estimated 5-year overall survival rate was 83%, which should be seen in contrast to survival rates of 40–70% 25 years ago.
Topical Allium ampeloprasum Subsp Iranicum (Leek) Extract Cream in Patients With Symptomatic Hemorrhoids

Allium ampeloprasum subsp iranicum (Leek) has been traditionally used in antihemorrhoidal topical herbal formulations. This study aimed to evaluate its safety and efficacy in a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial. Twenty patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids were randomly allocated to receive the topical leek extract cream or standard antihemorrhoid cream for 3 weeks. The patients were evaluated before and after the intervention in terms of pain, defecation discomfort, bleeding severity, anal itching severity, and reported adverse events. A significant decrease was observed in the grade of bleeding severity and defecation discomfort in both the leek and antihemorrhoid cream groups after the intervention, while no significant change was observed in pain scores. There was no significant difference between the leek and antihemorrhoid cream groups with regard to mean changes in outcome measures. This pilot study showed that the topical use of leek cream can be as effective as a standard antihemorrhoid cream.
Lacunar Stroke in a Teenager After Minor Head Trauma

Ischemic strokes in children and young adults are fortunately rare. Contrasted with adult ischemic strokes, pediatric stroke etiologies vary greatly and are often unknown. Childhood lacunar strokes and trauma-induced strokes represent particularly uncommon subsets and have been reported infrequently in the literature. It is unique to find a combination of the 2—a lacunar stroke induced by trauma. Underreporting of these trauma-induced ischemic strokes could be responsible for perpetuating the lack of recognition. Here we present a lacunar stroke in a young woman associated with a water sport accident and explore relevant literature encircling deep brain ischemia coinciding with trauma.
Robust design of deep Sub-micron CMOS wireless SoC

Scaled CMOS technology has opened the door of CMOS wireless SoC. The bright side is, apparently, high integration level and low cost implementation brought by the huge capacity of standard CMOS. However, as a designer point of view, another side should also be addressed, especially on PVT variation issues of scaled CMOS. In this paper, we will show the issues and their respective countermeasures on a voltage controlled oscillator in the local oscillator, a low noise amplifier and a channel select filter in the receiver, and digital calibration of I/Q mismatch in the transmitter.
INDEXAÇÃO AUTOMÁTICA DE DOCUMENTOS TEXTUAIS: PROPOSTA DE CRITÉRIOS ESSENCIAIS

Este estudo visa a avaliacao de criterios de indexacao automatica para o desenvolvimento de softwares destinados a extracao de termos representativos do conteudo de documentos textuais. Estudam-se as maneiras de se realizar o processo de indexacao – manual e automatica – e discute-se a aplicacao desses criterios para a otimizacao da primeira etapa do processo, que e a analise de assunto. O volume de documentos publicados na atualidade demanda grandes esforcos para se adquirir tecnicas alternativas para sua indexacao, realizar esse processo manualmente tem sido considerado um processo lento. Identificaram-se os criterios de indexacao automatica mais utilizados atraves de estudo de artigos tecnico-cientificos da area, para, entao, analisar o grau de satisfacao obtido pelos pesquisadores por meio de sua combinacao. Para a analise dos dados, utilizou-se o metodo analitico-sintetico, baseado em Dahlberg (1978), e constituido neste trabalho de duas principais etapas: (1), Identificaram-se os criterios de indexacao automatica encontrados na literatura. Essa etapa foi composta de dois estagios: (a) selecao de textos sobre indexacao automatica; (b) leitura dos textos e identificacao dos criterios de indexacao automatica neles encontrados. Etapa (2), proposicao de um conjunto de criterios ideal para o processo de indexacao automatica. Os estagios dessa etapa foram: (a) selecao de uma amostra dos textos utilizados na etapa 1 e (b) analise da combinacao dos criterios utilizados em cada texto e interpretacao dos respectivos resultados. Entre os objetivos alcancados, encontram-se: (1) listagem dos criterios encontrados na literatura, (2) caracterizacao de cada criterio, (3) listagem dos criterios mais recorrentes.