Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among persons with hemophilia A.

This article describes 3 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in heterosexual men with hemophilia A but without other underlying disease. None had a history of intravenous drug abuse. All 3 had lymphopenia and the 2 patients who were specifically tested had in vitro evidence of cellular immune deficiency. 2 patients have died and 1 remains critically ill. All 3 patients had received frequent injections of Factor VIII concentrate for many years but no 2 patients are known to have received concentrate from the same lots. The 1st patient a 62-year old resident of Westchester County New York with a history of chronic hepatitis presented with weight loss vague right upper quadrant abdominal discomfort cough and fever. The 2nd patient a 59-year old resident of Denver Colorado reported gradual weight loss dysphagia associated with pharyngitis aphthous-like ulcers and anterior cervical adenopathy. Laboratory evidence for cellular immune dysfunction included absent mitogen responses and depletion of the T-helper lymphocyte cell population relative increases in the T-suppressor cells and a resultant inverted T-helper/T-suppressor ratio. The 3rd patient a previously healthy 27-year old from Ohio developed fever urinary frequency splenomegaly anemia and lymphopenia. He showed the same evidence of cellular immune dysfunction as Patient 2. These represent the 1st reported cases of P. carinii pneumonia among hemophilia patients who have had no other underlying diseases and have not had therapy for immunosuppression. The clinical and immunologic features of these 3 cases are strikingly similar to those observed among homosexual men intravenous drug abusers and Haitian immigrants. Transmission of an agent through blood products is suspected to have occurred.
Molecular basis of fertilization.

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARy 719 SELECTIVE TRANSPORT OF SPERMATOZOA 721 ACTIVATION OF MOTILITy 722 Identification of A ctive Molecules . 723 Identification of Egg Peptide Genes 724 Mechanism of Action. 726 CHEMOATIRACTlON 727 Identification of A ctive Molecules . 727 Mechanism of Action 728 RECEPTORS FOR EGG PEPTIDES 728 Identification of Receptor Molecules. 728 Comparison with Somatic Cell Receptors 730 Regulation of Receptor Activity. 734 GAMETE ADHESION 734 Identification of Active Molecules . 734 INDUCTION OF THE ACROSOME REACTION 735 Identification of Active Molecules . 735 Mechanism of A ction. 737 MEMBRANE RECOGNITION AND EGG ACTIVATION 739
Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems

ABSTRACT The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% was observed during the degradation of toluene. Bacterial cells acquired more negative surface charge with an increase in CSH and vice versa. Proteins constituted the major fraction of EPS during biodegradation of benzene and toluene with protein/carbohydrate ratio varying between 2.19 and 3.1. Carbohydrates constituted the major fraction of EPS in the presence of pyridine. A significant variation in cell surface characteristics was observed in multi-substrate systems involving heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. An increase in EPS production (62.89 mg/g) did not facilitate enhanced degradation of hydrophobic substrates in multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene. Under toxic conditions, especially at higher concentration of target pollutants, a significant increase in concentration of polysaccharides was observed compared to proteins. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Determinants of VO(2) kinetics at high power outputs during a ramp exercise protocol.

PURPOSE To determine the relationship between the additional, nonlinear increase in oxygen uptake (Delta VO(2)) that occurs at high power outputs during a ramp cycle ergometer test, on one hand; and possible explanatory mechanisms of the phenomenon, such as cardiorespiratory work, blood lactate, fitness level, or muscle fiber distribution, on the other. METHODS Ten healthy, sedentary young adults (age (mean +/- SEM), 22 +/- 1 yr) were chosen as subjects. A muscle biopsy specimen was taken from the vastus lateralis of the right leg to determine fiber type distribution by immunohistochemical identification of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. During the ramp tests (power output increases of 5 W every 15-s interval), the ventilatory threshold (VT) and lactate threshold (LT) were measured. We defined Delta VO(2) as the difference between "true" VO(2) values observed at the maximal power output (VO(2)obs) and those expected (VO(2)exp) from the previous linear VO2:power output relationship below the VT. RESULTS A nonlinear increase was observed in VO2 (Delta VO(2) = 239 +/- 79 mL x min(-1), P < 0.05 for VO(2)obs vs VO(2)exp), which was significantly correlated with the percentage of type IIX fibers (r = 0.80, P < 0.05). No other correlations were found between Delta VO(2) and possible explanatory mechanisms. CONCLUSION A greater percentage of type IIX fibers is associated with a higher excess VO(2) at high power outputs (above VT).
Mission and Vision Statements of Universities Worldwide: A Content Analysis

Las misiones y las visiones son las herramientas mas usadas en la planeacion estrategica. El sector de la educacion superior adopto su uso en los inicios de los anos 80 y actualmente son practicas cruciales implementadas en las universidades a nivel mundial. Si bien los estudios en este tema han avanzado sustancialmente, la mayoria de resultados estan restringidos a contextos nacionales y estan basados en muestras reducidas sin acceso abierto en formato digital. Este estudio elaboro un analisis de contenidos en 338 misiones y 291 visiones de universidades a nivel mundial, haciendo uso de Voyant Tools. Los resultados principales muestran una tendencia de las visiones hacia una influencia global, un clamor general por la investigacion y la docencia, ninguna similitud entre los terminos empleados en el sector privado y en las universidades; las misiones tienden a ser mas largas que las visiones, hay ausencia de elementos cuantitativos; las misiones y visiones de Suramerica tienden a ser mas largas y que las universidades publicas exhiben un enfasis en los individuos (estudiantes) y las privadas, en el proceso (ensenanza).
Gastroretentive Delivery Systems: A Mini Review

Various attempts have been made to develop gastroretentive delivery systems. For example, floating, swelling, mucoadhesive, and high‐density systems have been developed to increase gastric retention time of the dosage forms. It is known that differences in gastric physiology, such as, gastric pH, and motility exhibit both intra‐as well as inter‐subject variability demonstrating significant impact on gastric retention time and drug delivery behavior. Nevertheless, some floating devices have shown promising results. In this paper, the gastric physiology and the reported intragastric delivery systems have briefly been presented.
Action recognition with prototypes

Action recognition is a widely studied problem and many solutions have been introduced over the years. However, classification with weakly-labeled large scale web data continues to be a challenge due to the noisy content. In this study, we utilize a representation method that is based on selected distinctive exemplars, motivated by the success of methods that discover the discriminative parts of data for better classification. These exemplars are chosen to be representative from each category separately and called as "prototypes". After the selection, we use these prototypes to describe the entire dataset. Following the traditional supervised classification methods and utilizing the available state-of-the-art low and deep-level features, we show that even with simple selection and representation methods, use of prototypes can increase the recognition performance.
Activation of Hormone-sensitive Lipase Requires Two Steps, Protein Phosphorylation and Binding to the PAT-1 Domain of Lipid Droplet Coat Proteins*

Lipolysis is an important metabolic pathway controlling energy homeostasis through degradation of triglycerides stored in lipid droplets and release of fatty acids. Lipid droplets of mammalian cells are coated with one or more members of the PAT protein family, which serve important functions in regulating lipolysis. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms by which PAT family members, perilipin A, adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP), and LSDP5, control lipolysis catalyzed by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), a major lipase in adipocytes and several non-adipose cells. We applied fluorescence microscopic tools to analyze proteins in situ in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and anisotropy Forster resonance energy transfer. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching data show that ADFP and LSDP5 exchange between lipid droplet and cytoplasmic pools, whereas perilipin A does not. Differences in protein mobility do not correlate with PAT protein-mediated control of lipolysis catalyzed by HSL or endogenous lipases. Forster resonance energy transfer and co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that each of the three PAT proteins bind HSL through interaction of the lipase with amino acids within the highly conserved amino-terminal PAT-1 domain. ADFP and LSDP5 bind HSL under basal conditions, whereas phosphorylation of serine residues within three amino-terminal protein kinase A consensus sequences of perilipin A is required for HSL binding and maximal lipolysis. Finally, protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of HSL increases lipolysis in cells expressing ADFP or LSDP5; in contrast, phosphorylation of perilipin A exerts the major control over HSL-mediated lipolysis when perilipin is the main lipid droplet protein.
Lovastatin Enhances Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase Activity and Cell Surface Expression in Endothelial Cells: Implication of Rho-Family GTPases

Extracellular adenosine production by the GPI-anchored Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (Ecto-5′-Nu) plays an important role in the cardiovascular system, notably in defense against hypoxia. It has been previously suggested that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (HRIs) could potentiate the hypoxic stimulation of Ecto-5′Nu in myocardial ischemia. In order to elucidate the mechanism of Ecto-5′-Nu stimulation by HRIs, Ecto-5′-Nu activity and expression were determined in an aortic endothelial cell line (SVAREC) incubated with lovastatin. Lovastatin enhanced Ecto-5′-Nu activity in a dose-dependent manner. This increase was not supported by de novo synthesis of the enzyme because neither the mRNA content nor the total amount of the protein were modified by lovastatin. By contrast, lovastatin enhanced cell surface expression of Ecto-5′-Nu and decreased endocytosis of Ecto-5′-Nu, as evidenced by immunostaining. This effect appeared unrelated to modifications of cholesterol content or Ecto-5′-Nu association with detergent-resistant membranes. The effect of lovastatin was reversed by mevalonate, the substrate of HMG-CoA reductase, by its isoprenoid derivative, geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate, and by cytotoxic necrotizing factor, an activator of Rho-GTPases. Stimulation of Ecto-5′-Nu by lovastatin enhanced the inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by endothelial cells. In conclusion, lovastatin enhances Ecto-5′-Nu activity and membrane expression in endothelial cells. This effect seems independent of lowering cholesterol content but could be supported by an inhibition of Ecto-5′-Nu endocytosis through a decrease of Rho-GTPases isoprenylation.
Peripartum hysterectomy in the first decade of the 21st century

Summary We reviewed the role of peripartum hysterectomy (PH) in the first decade of the 21st century. The study was confined to women who delivered a baby weighing 500 g or more between 2000 and 2009, and who required a hysterectomy within 72 h of delivery for obstetric reasons. Individual case records were reviewed. There were 19 cases of PH in 78,961 deliveries giving an incidence of 1 in 4,156 (0.02%). Of the 19 cases, 95% were delivered by caesarean section and 89% had one or more prior sections. The indications were placental bed pathology (79%), uterine atony (16%) and uterine trauma (5%). Of the 19 hysterectomies, 16 (84%) were total and a gynaecological oncologist was involved in nine (56%) of these cases. There were no maternal or fetal deaths, but a mother required an average blood transfusion of 10 units. The overall rate of PH was remarkably low compared with other studies but it is likely to increase in the future because of the strong association between increasing caesarean section rates and placental bed pathology. The potential involvement of the cervix and other pelvic structures by placental pathology means that PH in the future will be more challenging, and the hysterectomy will need to be total rather than subtotal.
The bath environment, the bathing task, and the older adult: A review and future directions for bathing disability research

Purpose. To review existing research studies to identify optimal intervention strategies for remediation and prevention of bathing disability and future directions for bathing disability research. Method. Bathing disability, defined as problems in the interaction between the person and the environment during bathing performance, is examined through a comprehensive, narrative literature review. Results. Most studies focus on the relationship between the person and the environment (such as assistive device use and environmental hazards) while fewer studies focus on analysis of the bathing task or the interaction of the person, environment, and bathing task. Of intervention studies, most do not focus solely on remediation of bathing disability and outcomes vary widely. Conclusions. In order to help remediate and prevent bathing disability, it will be necessary to better understand and measure the person-environment-occupation interaction involved in bathing as it relates to specific groups of older adults.
Hypoxic reperfusion to remove ischaemic catabolites prior to arterial reperfusion does not limit the size of myocardial infarcts in dogs.

STUDY OBJECTIVE Although timely reperfusion limits myocardial infarct size, it has been postulated that reperfusion itself may kill some myocytes which were alive at the end of an episode of ischaemia (lethal reperfusion injury). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that ischaemic catabolites may "prime" myocardium for such injury and that preliminary hypoxic washout of such catabolites, prior to arterial reperfusion, would limit myocardial infarct size. DESIGN Dogs underwent a 40 min occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery, followed by 4 d reperfusion. In a treated group, a 5 min episode of coronary artery perfusion with hypoxic buffer was instituted at the end of this ischaemic episode, before blood reperfusion was restored. Control dogs received a similar volume of hypoxic buffer intravenously. Systemic fluid overload was attenuated by haemofiltration. The effect of this preliminary hypoxic washout on myocardial infarct size was assessed. EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL 18 anaesthetised, open chest dogs were used. After the acute study they recovered from surgery for 4 d and were then killed for further study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Infarct size, determined by microscopic evaluation, was not significantly different in the two groups, at (control) 31.3 (SEM 6.2)% v (hypoxic reperfusion) 25.8(3.9)% of the vascular area at risk. In control dogs, infarct size was inversely related to the amount of collateral blood flow (measured using microspheres); hypoxic reperfusion did not shift this relation (analysis of covariance, F = 0.236, NS). CONCLUSIONS The washout of ischaemic catabolites by hypoxic perfusate prior to reoxygenation did not limit infarct size.
Mirror Training Augments the Cross-education of Strength and Affects Inhibitory Paths.

PURPOSE Unilateral strength training strengthens not only the muscles on the trained side but also the homologous muscles on the untrained side; however, the magnitude of this interlimb cross-education is modest. We tested the hypothesis that heightened sensory feedback by mirror viewing the exercising hand would augment cross education by modulating neuronal excitability. METHODS Healthy adults were randomized into a mirror training group (MG, N = 11) and a no-mirror training group (NMG, N = 12) and performed 640 shortening muscle contractions of the right wrist flexors at 80% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) during 15 sessions for 3 wk. Maximal strength and specific transcranial magnetic stimulation metrics of neuronal excitability, measured in the mirror and no-mirror setup at rest and during unilateral contractions at 60% MVC, were assessed before and after the strength intervention. RESULTS Trained wrist flexor MVC increased 72% across groups, whereas cross-education was higher for the MG (61%) than NMG (34%, P = 0.047). The MG showed a reduction (15%-16%) in the contralateral silent period duration measured from the contracting left-untrained flexor carpi radialis, whereas the NMG showed an increase (12%, P ≤ 0.030). Interhemispheric inhibition, measured from the trained to the untrained primary motor cortex, increased in the MG (11%) but decreased in the NMG (15%) when measured in the mirror setup at rest (P = 0.048). Other transcranial magnetic stimulation measures did not change. CONCLUSION Viewing the exercising hand in a mirror can augment the cross-education effect. The use of a mirror in future studies can potentially accelerate functional recovery from unilateral impairment due to stroke or upper limb fracture.
Flock : Crawling the Twitter Social Graph

In this work, we’ve developed a tool capable of crawling the Twitter social graph. In order to collect the social graph, we developed a Twitter application leveraging 30 user accounts and the Twitter REST API v1.1. To date, Flock has collected the profiles of over 48 million Twitter users connected by over 158 million links. Flock continues to actively crawl over 57 million valid Twitter user IDs that is has so far discovered. We store the collected data into an open source NoSQL database (MongoDB) for further social network analysis.
Deciphering the Role of Aspartate and Prephenate Aminotransferase Activities in Plastid Nitrogen Metabolism1[C][W][OPEN]

Molecular and metabolic analysis in tobacco plants after virus-induced gene silencing uncovers different pathways of amino acid biosynthesis within the plastids. Chloroplasts and plastids of nonphotosynthetic plant cells contain two aspartate (Asp) aminotransferases: a eukaryotic type (Asp5) and a prokaryotic-type bifunctional enzyme displaying Asp and prephenate aminotransferase activities (PAT). We have identified the entire Asp aminotransferase gene family in Nicotiana benthamiana and isolated and cloned the genes encoding the isoenzymes with plastidic localization: NbAsp5 and NbPAT. Using a virus-induced gene silencing approach, we obtained N. benthamiana plants silenced for NbAsp5 and/or NbPAT. Phenotypic and metabolic analyses were conducted in silenced plants to investigate the specific roles of these enzymes in the biosynthesis of essential amino acids within the plastid. The NbAsp5 silenced plants had no changes in phenotype, exhibiting similar levels of free Asp and glutamate as control plants, but contained diminished levels of asparagine and much higher levels of lysine. In contrast, the suppression of NbPAT led to a severe reduction in growth and strong chlorosis symptoms. NbPAT silenced plants exhibited extremely reduced levels of asparagine and were greatly affected in their phenylalanine metabolism and lignin deposition. Furthermore, NbPAT suppression triggered a transcriptional reprogramming in plastid nitrogen metabolism. Taken together, our results indicate that NbPAT has an overlapping role with NbAsp5 in the biosynthesis of Asp and a key role in the production of phenylalanine for the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids. The analysis of NbAsp5/NbPAT cosilenced plants highlights the central role of both plastidic aminotransferases in nitrogen metabolism; however, only NbPAT is essential for plant growth and development.
Food‐entrainable circadian oscillators in the brain

Circadian rhythms in mammalian behaviour and physiology rely on daily oscillations in the expression of canonical clock genes. Circadian rhythms in clock gene expression are observed in the master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus but are also observed in many other brain regions that have diverse roles, including influences on motivational and emotional state, learning, hormone release and feeding. Increasingly, important links between circadian rhythms and metabolism are being uncovered. In particular, restricted feeding (RF) schedules which limit food availability to a single meal each day lead to the induction and entrainment of circadian rhythms in food‐anticipatory activities in rodents. Food‐anticipatory activities include increases in core body temperature, activity and hormone release in the hours leading up to the predictable mealtime. Crucially, RF schedules and the accompanying food‐anticipatory activities are also associated with shifts in the daily oscillation of clock gene expression in diverse brain areas involved in feeding, energy balance, learning and memory, and motivation. Moreover, lesions of specific brain nuclei can affect the way rats will respond to RF, but have generally failed to eliminate all food‐anticipatory activities. As a consequence, it is likely that a distributed neural system underlies the generation and regulation of food‐anticipatory activities under RF. Thus, in the future, we would suggest that a more comprehensive approach should be taken, one that investigates the interactions between multiple circadian oscillators in the brain and body, and starts to report on potential neural systems rather than individual and discrete brain areas.