Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IκB Kinases Phosphorylate NF-κB p65 Subunit on Serine 536 in the Transactivation Domain*

Recent investigations have elucidated the cytokine-induced NF-κB activation pathway. IκB kinase (IKK) phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-κB (IκBs). The phosphorylation targets them for rapid degradation through a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, allowing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. We have examined the possibility that IKK can phosphorylate the p65 NF-κB subunit as well as IκB in the cytokine-induced NF-κB activation. In the cytoplasm of HeLa cells, the p65 subunit was rapidly phosphorylated in response to TNF-α in a time dependent manner similar to IκB phosphorylation. In vitro phosphorylation with GST-fused p65 showed that a p65 phosphorylating activity was present in the cytoplasmic fraction and the target residue was Ser-536 in the carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain. The endogenous IKK complex, overexpressed IKKs, and recombinant IKKβ efficiently phosphorylated the same Ser residue of p65 in vitro. The major phosphorylation site in vivo was also Ser-536. Furthermore, activation of IKKs by NF-κB-inducing kinase induced phosphorylation of p65 in vivo. Our finding, together with previous observations, suggests dual roles for IKK complex in the regulation of NF-κB·IκB complex.
Religiosity Reception of Feminism Ideology Texts SAMAN, TARIAN BUMI, GENI JORA, and NAYLA

Some experts considered Indonesian people were "new" to the topic of feminism. In fact, many literatures proved that feminism has long existed in Indonesia. As the biggest Moslem country in world and a country which gives priority to it, how religiosity viewed feminism in Indonesia is important. This study discussed how religiosity viewed feminism in Indonesia. Four Indonesian novels considered as feminism ideology based novel that was Saman, Tarian Bumi, Geni Jora, and Nayla were the objects of this study. This study used 25 informants as the subject of the study who read, interpreted, and received religiously the novel based on their own perspective. The result of this study showed that the readers did not receive religiously well some of the novels and the disparity level of religiosity acceptance of the novel were different among the readers.
Injection spectrum of electrons in the Galactic sources of the cosmic rays

A retrieve of the injection spectrum of electrons in the Galactic sources of the cosmic rays was carried out using the observed energy spectrum of electrons in the Solar system region. Fractal diffusion model was implemented for the description of propagation of particles from sources to the Solar system. It was shown, that self-consistent description of experimental data could be obtained, if the source spectral index in this approach turns out to be changes fromp = 2.6 to p = 2.85 at energy region 0.1 − 10 GeV. An absence of spectral feature (see, e.g., data ATIC ballon experiment) at the range300−800 GeV shown by the Fermi-LAT collaboration confirms our recent calculations and in a good agreement with the new calculations energy spectrum of electrons. We also have made a new calculation of the positron to electron ratio e/(e + e).
BROILER GROWTH DATA : 1986-1991

Growth data from weekly weighing of 50 bird samples of broilers grown on litter in commercial-style broiler houses in 22 trials over a five-year period are presented. Broilers were found to be 23% heavier at 21 days of age and 10% heavier at 49 days of age than was reported in the literature in 1987. Three-week weights averaged 711 g and seven-week weights averaged 2437 g. Equations were developed and parameters estimated to describe weight as a function of age for two time periods. The time periods selected nominally coincide with (1) the time that starter rations are fed (from hatch to between three and four weeks of age), and (2) the time that growing and finishing rations are fed (from three to four weeks of age until birds are marketed). A second-degree polynomial was used to describe growth during starting (bird age = 28 days). A straight line was used to describe growth during growing (28 days = bird age = 49 days). Parameters are provided for mixed males and females during starting. They are provided for mixed sexes and for males and females separately during growing. Parameter estimates are provided which represent the five years of data in this study and also for estimates of July 1991 growth.
Real-Time Mosquito Species Identification using Deep Learning Techniques

According to the World Health Organization, diseases such as malaria and dengue account for almost one million deaths every year. Carrier mosquitoes for a particular disease remain exclusive to it. A majority of carrier mosquitoes spread the disease throughout a region by reproducing in it. With advancements in Machine Learning and Computer Vision technologies, the species of mosquitoes in a particular region can be easily and swiftly detected using recordings of their wing movements. The wingbeats of a particular mosquito species are unique, making this a reliable method to identify them. Once these solutions are deployed on mosquito traps, a particular region can be alerted if, for example, an Aedes Aegypti mosquito is found. This mosquito species is widely known to carry the Zika virus. The identification of such carrier species can also help in detecting the spread of mosquito-borne diseases in the surveyed region. In this paper, we go through various techniques that show promising results in the identification of mosquito species. The trained models can be deployed on constrained devices to make a cost-effective and efficient mosquito species identification system.
FULLY AUTOMATED CYST SEGMENTATION IN ULTRASOUND IMAGES OF KIDNEY

Cyst is one of the most common lesions in kidney and ultrasound imaging is appropriate tool for detecting these lesions. This study develops an automated approach for cyst segmentation in kidney’s ultrasound images. The approach includes three steps: initially, ultrasound image is transformed under a special function derived from Gibbs joint probability function. This transform suppresses noise and discriminates cyst and other tissues. Next, transformed image is decomposed to its low resolution component. Segmentation, morphological operations and coarse boundary detection (performed in low resolution) determines the initial contour employed in the final step. In last step, precise edge detection is performed in unity resolution using active contours model. Proposed approach is designed such that it overcomes noise, imaging artifacts and handles multi cyst cases. Coarse segmentation and then fine boundary extraction is an efficient scheme since segmentation is performed in low resolution (where SNR is relatively high) and lesion boundary is extracted precisely in high resolution (where details available).
META PHYSICAL ALGORITHMIC REPRESENTATION FOR FLAWLESS CLUSTERING

Data mining is defined as analyzing data from a large database . The task performed by data mining is clustering, which are used for grouping the data objects to form a new class . The two algorithms of clustering is MH-means (modified harmonic means ) and GSA(gravitational search algorithm). MH-means is the algorithm with some random based centroid for desired clusters. In this algorithm every data object are assigned to the closest centroid. It is used to calculate the mean value of data objects within the clusters , so that they reach an optimal solution. MH-meansis an iterative process. GSA is based on interaction of masses in universe through Newtonian Gravity law. The role of GSA is to identify the problem in space. By combining the MH-means and GSA algorithms the performance is increased. Along with this combination a new method Standard Dataset is also used. The standard dataset are used for increasing the convergence speed of the proposed methods.
Codifying Game‑Based Learning: Development and Application of
 LEAGUÊ Framework for Learning Games

Educational games are now seen as effective learning tools. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the core dimensions of Game‑based learning (GBL) for comprehensive design, analysis, and evaluation due to inconsistent use of elements. The literature on GBL reports an extensive diversity of elements used for the design and evaluation of GBL without any categorization of micro and macro‑level elements. Hardly any studies systematically decompose these aspects to derivate factors/sub‑factors, obstructing identification of any clear pattern. The problem is not the scarcity of GBL research but inconsistency in terminology, scope, definition, and usage of elements leading to the absence of a holistic view of GBL for effective design and evaluation. This study bridges the gap by outlining terminology and scope with four conceptual levels and then systematically categorizing GBL elements by scope, definition, and usage. The methodology used is directed content analysis of GBL literature collected through a previous systematic literature review. Dimensionalization of GBL and further decomposition into factor/sub‑factors based on theoretical constructs, has resulted in a consistent and clear pattern delineating the structure of the educational game design, analysis, and evaluation. Further codifying metrics and mapping the relationship among GBL dimensions deduce into a conceptual framework (called LEAGUÊ) that facilitates greater insight into the process of learning with educational games, where to focus and what to evaluate. The LEAGUÊ framework can be applied for the analysis, design and evaluation of learning games. The framework is put in practice by utilizing the framework components (dimensions, factors/sub‑factors and relations) to develop three items: 1) an analysis instrument, 2)a card‑based ideation and design toolkit, and 3) an evaluation guide that can assist educational game designers, researchers, educators and evaluators for the analysis, design and evaluation of learning games respectively. This paper exemplifies the application of framework for the analysis of learning games using the analysis instrument (developed using LEAGUÊ framework) with one case study as an example.
Assessment of milk yield and reproductive activities of dairy cows under smallholders' and large–scale administration in Central Ethiopia

Comparative mik production and postpartum reproductive performances of Holstein Friesian cows under smallholder and large scale farmers’ management was monitored in central Rift Valley of Oromia, Ethiopia. This study was conducted in three purposively selected districts of Arsi Negelle, Ziway, and Lume in Eastern Shoa Zone. Three large scale peri-urban farms having 170 to 195 and 21 small scale urban farms having 1 to 10 heads of dairy animals were identified during the initial exploratory survey. Based on the willingness of the farm owners, the presence of dairy cows of graded Holstein Friesian genotype, known parity and stage of pregnancy of the three large scale farms as a whole and 12 randomly selected small scale farms were considered for monitoring and data collection. A total of 59 animals from large scale (45 animals with average  standard body weight 42742 kg) and small scale (14 animals with average  standard body weight 36316 kg) were used for 28 weeks of data collection. Significantly (p<0.001) higher milk yield was recorded on large scale farms than on the small scale farms. The reproductive parameters measured were not statistically differed between farm scales. Although, the estimated amounts of crude protein and metabolizable energy consumed by animals were above requirements for the observed level of milk output, the productivity of animals in both farm scales were below their genetic potential particularly that of small scale farms were critically low even than other developing coutries with similar environment elsewhere. The quality of dietary nutrients in terms of the proportion of rumen degradable to undegradable protein sources, structural and non structural carbohydrate and sources of essential minerals needs further assessment for both farm scales.
THE NEXUS BETWEEN TYPE OF ENERGY CONSUMED, CO2 EMISSIONS, AND CARBON-RELATED COSTS

Reducing carbon emissions while minimizing carbon costs is the main objective of Indonesian carbon management. Using data from 2016, this article focuses on 475 Indonesian manufacturing firms with consumption >6,000 tons of oil equivalent mandated by regulation to reduce their emissions. This study examines the effect of the type of energy consumed on carbon-related costs, with CO2 emissions as the mediating variable. The study decomposes the type of energy consumed, namely into coal, natural gas, diesel, and electricity. The results show that: (1) Coal, natural gas, diesel, have a positive effect on CO2 emissions; electricity has a negative effect on CO2 emissions; (2) electricity, and CO2 emissions have a negative effect on costs; and (3) CO2 emissions significantly mediated the effect of coal, natural gas, diesel, and electricity on costs. The findings imply that firms’ investment in an efficient machine and technology required to reduce CO2 emissions, as mandated by the regulation, has seemingly been unable to reduce the CO2 emissions produced by fossil fuels but has been able to reduce CO2 emissions from consumed electricity. Moreover, such investment seems able to reduce carbon-related costs. Policymakers should review the Indonesian energy mix from fossil fuels and socialize to firms that using the source of power from electricity is cleaner and cheaper than fossil fuels so that firms may be considered to shift fossil fuels energy into electricity. Hence, the government should ensure the availability of electricity supply generated from cleaner energy sources.
Influence of circulating fibrocytes on the growth, proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts

Summary Circulating fibrocytes (CFs) exhibit an extraordinary degree of plasticity and growth factor repertoire, and because of this they have been investigated for their role in the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues, but yet not adequately for their role in wound healing. In the present study, CFs were co-cultured with keratinocytes (KCs) or fibroblasts (Fbs) and the influences of CFs on the growth, proliferation and migration of KCs and Fbs were investigated. Our results showed that the CFs in the co-culture system could inhibit the growth, proliferation and migration of KCs, while CFs promoted the growth and proliferation of Fbs. Our study demonstrates that CFs can regulate the functions of Fbs, which may be a possible cause of fibrosis.
Administration of Telmisartan Reduced Systolic Blood Pressure and Oxidative Stress Probably Through the Activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS Pathway and NO Release in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

We investigated the effects of telmisartan, the blocker of angiotensin II receptor 1, on the regulation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and oxidative stress through endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). SHRs randomly received placebo, oral feeding of telmisartan (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) every day and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) served as normotensive control. The SBP of rat was measured before and weekly thereafter. After a total of 8-week treatment, rats were killed for experimental measurements. Parameters that subject to measurements in isolated aorta endothelial cells include: NO concentration, protein expression levels of angiotensin II receptor 1, nitrotyrosine, 8-isoprostane, SOD, PI3K, Akt, AMPK and eNOS. In addition, L-NMMA, a general inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, was also applied to test the inhibition of NO concentration. We found that SBPs were significantly lower in telmisartan therapy group than in placebo treated hypertensive rats and WKYs (p<0.05). The NO concentration was significantly higher in telmisartan-treated group with increased activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway and activated eNOS signaling. Blockade of Akt activity reversed such effects. Activation of AMPK also contributed to the phosphorylation of eNOS. L-NMMA treatment reduced less NO concentration in SHR rats than the telmisartan co-treated groups. Oxidative stress in SHRs was also attenuated by telmisartan administration, shown by reduced formation of nitrotyrosine, 8-isoprostane, and recovered SOD protein level. Telmisartan enhanced NO release by activating the PI3K/Akt system, AMPK phosphorylation and eNOS expression, which attenuated the blood pressure and oxidative stress in SHRs.
Communities of Practice as a Paradigm

In the last decades radical changes have occurred in advanced societies, essentially due to three factors: the diffusion of information technologies, the acceleration of scientific and technological renewal, and globalization. The advanced society model today is characterized by rapid and forced innovation of products to put on the market and by a process where market and innovation feed each other. Information and knowledge are the resources to improve in order to keep the level of skills required to compete high. There is an increasing demand for professionalization which cannot be acquired a-priori and in a single solution. So, people very often learn from practical experience, by facing new situations that require effective solutions and give them a chance to acquire new knowledge. In pedagogy this phenomenon is defined as informal learning based on tacit knowledge. Therefore, the professional person, does not need static knowledge any more; on the contrary, he/she requires new tools "for learning to learn", in order to increase his/her expertise quickly. In this paper we want to propose the community of practice as a flexible and dynamic methodological tool (paradigm) for defining a professional figure. Our intent is to use the community of practice to create a model of a specific professional figure. Such a model, which traditionally includes the conceptual, logic-functional and physical phases, is not pre-defined, but built by analysing the interactions that occur in the community of practice. Thus, it is modifiable on the basis of the new demands identified in the practice of the profession itself. In order to verify our proposal we assumed the creation of a community of practice among the Didactic Managers of our university, a figure required by the Italian University Reform. The expertise necessary for this profile is not well-defined yet, and only through practice it is possible to clarify tasks and aims. Therefore, it seems an excellent environment in which to experiment our paradigm. Index Terms — Communities of Practice; Dynamic Paradigm; Professional Profile.
Olfactory responses of male and female red‐spotted newts to sex pheromones from the opposite sex

Functional characterization of sex pheromones in olfactory responses is essential for the study of chemical communications in amphibians. Using Y‐maze olfactory preference tests, we have investigated the olfactory responses of male and female red‐spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, to the crude extracts of the opposite sex's genial and cloacal pheromones. Both male and female cloacal pheromone extracts caused the opposite sex to initiate olfactory responses by leaving the starting area in the Y‐maze, but only subject males exposed to female cloacal pheromone extracts completed olfactory choice by entering the side arm of the Y‐maze which received the pheromones. For genial pheromone extracts, only female genial pheromone extracts induced initial olfactory responses from test males. Neither male nor female genial pheromone extracts made the opposite sex complete olfactory choice. Pre‐exposure of test females to male pheromone extracts increased the likelihood of initial olfactory responses. The latency for initial olfactory responses of test females that were previously exposed to male genial extracts was significantly shorter than that of control females.
IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE IN VITRO: KINETIC STUDIES AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL

When normal mouse spleen, cells in suspension are cultured in vitro in the presence of polymer from S. adelaide flagellin, an immune response can be obtained as measured at the level of single antibody-forming cells. Cultures were stimulated with different doses of antigen, ranging from 0.2 ng to 3 µg/ml of tissue culture fluid and it was found that the peak number of approximately 500 antibody-forming cells per 106 harvested cells by day 4 was antigen dose dependent, 2–20 ng/ml being the optimal concentration. When more than 1 µg/ml of polymer from S. adelaide together with either 20 ng/ml of polymer from S. waycross or with 4 x 106 sheep erythrocytes were placed in the system, unresponsiveness to S. adelaide, but immunity to the other antigens occurred simultaneously. Cells made immunologically tolerant in vitro to S. adelaide H antigens were transferred into syngeneic lethally irradiated recipients and challenged with the same antigen. The adoptive immune capacity in these mice, as measured at the level of the immunologically competent cell was reduced by 80–90% as compared with relevant controls. Attempts to induce low zone tolerance in vitro were without success. To study the kinetics of tolerance induction in vitro, cells were cultured with tolerogenic doses of antigen for various periods of time, washed, and subsequently cultured with immunogenic doses of antigen for 4 days. It was found, that immunological tolerance may be induced to a significant degree in vitro within a period of 15 min. Similar results were obtained when spleen cells were exposed for various lengths of time to tolerogenic doses of antigen but at a temperature of 4°C instead of 37°C. The results are taken as suggestive evidence that the initial step in tolerance induction is related to the direct interaction between the surface of immune competent cells and antigen molecules.
Effectiveness of Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Single Institute’s Experience with review of Literature

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterized by idiopathic sharp, shooting, electric shock like, episodic facial pain along the sensory distribution of the fifth cranial nerve, lasting several seconds, with pain free intervals between attacks. Although many patients respond to the medical line of treatment but when symptoms become intractable and could not tolerate the medications have to go for surgical decompression. Our study aims to review about micro vascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia and its outcome along with the review of literature. Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted on 54 cases who were diagnosed with TN between the period of July 2013 to December 2017. Microvascular decompression (MVD) has been performed on all the patients. Demographic data, clinical presentation, surgical findings, complications and long term follow-up were reviewed. Results: The median age of onset of TN is 50.4 years divided into five age groups ranging from 30 to 79 years with female preponderance showing 59.25% as compared to males. The distribution of location was in the ratio of right to left was 1.7:1. There was one mortality in our study with 4 patients reporting complications, 1 patient had facial numbness,1 patient had facial palsy,1 patient had SAH and 1 patient had CSF rhinorrhoea which resolved after re-exploration of wound and mastoid cell repair. All the patients had satisfactory improvement (post-operative Barrow score of ≤3). Conclusions: To conclude micro vascular decompression (MVD) is the surgical procedure of choice for the treatment of TN who is fit for surgery. Among the currently available surgical methods MVD provides the highest rate of long term satisfaction for the patients and offers the lowest rate of pain recurrence.