Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selective Activation of MAPKerk1/2 by Laminin-1 Peptide α1:Ser2091–Arg2108 Regulates Macrophage Degradative Phenotype*

Components of the extracellular matrix contain cryptic domains, which are exposed by proteolysis and elicit biological responses distinct from intact molecules. The disparate cellular response to extracellular matrix fragments and parent intact molecules suggests differential recognition and signaling pathways. In experiments reported here, we demonstrate that urokinase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by RAW264.7 macrophages is stimulated by a synthetic laminin peptide derived from the α1-chain (SRARKQAASIKVAVSADR), whereas intact laminin-1 has no effect on proteinase expression by macrophages. Incubation of macrophages with α1:SRARKQAASIKVAVSADR stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)erk1/2. In contrast, neither intact laminin-1 nor the β1-chain peptide CDPGYIGSR stimulated protein tyrosine phosphorylation in these cells. Inhibition of tyrosine kinases or protein kinase C blocked α1-chain peptide-induced phosphorylation of MAPKerk1/2 and the up-regulation of steady state levels of urokinase mRNA and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. A MAPK kinase inhibitor blocked α1-chain-induced phosphorylation of MAPKerk1/2 and the induction of proteinase expression. Intact laminin-1, which was unable to induce macrophage proteinase expression, failed to stimulate the phosphorylation of MAPKerk1/2. These data demonstrate that incubation of macrophages with α1:SRARKQAASIKVAVSADR, but not intact laminin-1, triggers protein kinase C-dependent activation of MAPKerk1/2, leading to the up-regulation of proteinase expression.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHOOT APEX IN ZEA MAYS

SUMMARY Intact embryos of Zea mays have been studied by stathmokinesis and DNA labelling to find rates of cell proliferation in the regions of the developing shoot apex, and these have been compared with rates for seedlings, whose apices have to be partially uncovered for this purpose. In young embryo shoots, cells divide faster than they do in seedlings and rates at the summit do not differ greatly from those in the rest of the apex. The tunica, which contains about half the cells in the apex, contributes a decreasing fraction of the total cell production as the embryo ages. The results are discussed in relation to the maturation of the seed and the changes in the numbers of cells in the regions of the meristem.
Understanding and prediction of stable atmospheric boundary layers over land

The main objective of this thesis is to contribute to further understanding of the stable boundary layer (SBL) over land, and its representation in atmospheric models. A SBL develops during night due to radiative surface cooling. Observations in the SBL are difficult since many different physical processes can play a role. These processes are turbulent mixing, radiative transport, a coupling with the vegetation and underlying soil, drainage flows, gravity waves, fog, and aspects of land use heterogeneity. Therefore, the understanding and the representation of the SBL in weather forecast and climate models is relatively poor, especially for calm nights. In this thesis, a detailed column model of the atmosphere-land surface system is used to represent the atmospheric boundary layer over land and ice. As such, LES results and CASES99 field observations are used for comparison and model evaluation. It turns out that the degree of land-surface coupling plays a key role in forecasting the SBL. Also, the sensitivity of the radiation transfer model to vertical resolution is examined. It is found that the SBL can be satisfactorily modelled (except for the low-level jet (LLJ) and intermittency of the turbulence) if the geostrophic wind speed, advection, subsidence, and vegetation and soil properties are known, and if relatively high vertical resolution is used near the surface (both in the soil and in the atmosphere). The column model is used to study the nighttime 2m temperature increase due to additional CO 2 as function of wind speed. Observations show that the temperature increase is similar for windy and calm nights, although this is somewhat counterintuitive. Model results confirm that the temperature increase is indeed similar for windy and calm nights. Next an intercomparison study of limited area weather forecast models (COAMPS, MM5, HIRLAM) is performed for CASES-99. Large errors occur in the forecasted minimum temperature, SBL height and diurnal temperature range. Models that account for a realistic interaction with the land surface are advantageous. A sufficient large domain is required to forecast the LLJ, and the forecasted surface cooling is very sensitive to the choice of the radiation scheme, especially for calm nights. Overall it is possible to upgrade the model performance by using the lessons learnt with the column model. In the thesis, also the role of orographic drag on the SBL is explored. It is shown that orography of 10 m amplitude can produce drag as large as the turbulent drag. Accounting for this in a model gave sufficient cyclone filling and a better forecast of the SBL structure and LLJ. The thesis concludes with studies of the SBL height. Dimensional analysis is used to derive a new and robust formulation for the SBL height for a broad range of latitude land-use conditions.
The importance of preoperative tattooing before laparoscopic surgery

Conclusion. In the case of laparoscopic resections, oncological principles must be followed, which, in addition to the removal of the primary tumor, also require radicular ligation of the blood vessels, thus removing the regional lymph nodes. However, identification of tumors during surgery can be difficult. The use of preoperative endoscopic tattooing can enable identification of the tumor and facilitate laparoscopic resection.
Growth Mechanism of Nano-silver Wires

ABSTRACT This study used UV-irradiated silver chloride to act as seed crystals, employed the polyol synthesis method to synthesize silver nanowires in the wide temperature range of 120°C-160°C, and investigated the growth mechanism of silver nanowire. The growth process of silver nanowires can be divided into three regions: region I is controlled by a mixed diffusion model involving Case I diffusion and Case II diffusion, where the activation energy needed for Case I and Case II diffusion is approximately 192 KJ/mol and 50 KJ/mol. Significant one-dimensional anisotropic growth occurs in region II, and the growth rate in this region is faster than in region I. In region III, because the {111} crystal plane of the silver nanowires has gradually been coated by PVP, the growth rate will approach saturation.
THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS SOME ASPECTS OF NONCOMMUTATIVE INTEGRABLE SYSTEMS à LA MOYAL

Besides its various applications in string and D-brane physics, the non commutativity of space (-time) coordinates, based on the ⋆-product, behaves as a more general framework providing more mathematical and physical information about the associated system. Similar to the Gelfand-Dickey framework of pseudo differential operators, the non commutativity à la Moyal applied to physical problems makes the study more systematic. Using these facts, as well as the backgrounds of Moyal momentum algebra introduced in previous works [25, 26], we look for the important task of studying integrability in the noncommutativity framework. The main focus is on the noncommutative version of the Lax representation of two principal examples: the noncommutative sl2 KdV equation and the noncommutative version of Burgers systems. Important properties are presented.
Microsatellite Variation in Dutch Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus) Populations

In this study we investigated microsatellite variation in Dutch roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) populations. We used 65 tissue samples from culled animals from three populations (Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen, National Park Zuid-Kennemerland and Flevopolder). The first two are dune populations and are about 3.5 kilometers apart. In both populations, roe deer have been present since the early 1950's. In the Flevopolder roe deer were first observed in 1959. From theoretical predictions, a decrease in heterozygosity of 20% due to genetic drift could be expected in the small Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen population, compared to the much larger Flevopolder population. However, the expected heterozygosity (He) at seven loci was 0.56 on average with no significant differences in He between populations. The probability that a decrease of 20% or more did occur but that it went undetected is smaller than 2.2%. All populations were significantly differentiated from each other and showed positive FST and Rho values, suggesting limited gene flow between populations. The fact that the decrease of genetic variation was smaller than expected is probably due to gene flow between the Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen and National Park Zuid-Kennemerland, effective population size at the time of introduction being larger than assumed, and/or because the animals which were used for stocking came from different populations. Considering the amount of variation still present in the different populations, negative effects of reduced genetic variation are currently not expected, but in both dune populations the decrease in the amount of variation will continue.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PERISTROPHE PANICULATA (FORSSK.) BRUMMITT, A DESERT ANNUAL HERB

The present study highlights the different aspects of population dynamics of herbaceous desert annual Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) Brummitt, for two consecutive years (2012 and 2013). Demographic analysis was carried out by systematic sampling. The survivorship curves obtained for both the years followed Deevey type I pattern, which is a salient feature of annuals. Increased age specific mortality and decreased life expectancy, was mainly due to the environmental conditions prevailed in the study area. Plants completed their life span within ten weeks in 2012 and in eleven weeks in 2013. Plant height increased with time as well. Reproductive effort of plants was found to be started from second week of growth in both the years. Biomass allocation was highest for shoots in the early stages of life, but with the onset of flowering biomass allocated to reproductive organs increased considerably. Significant differences in the population size were observed in both the years. Relatively, higher plant density and greater vegetative and reproductive performance of P. paniculata individuals was noted in 2013. It might be due to prolong monsoon period with relatively greater rainfall in 2013. Varying precipitation in both the years affects the population dynamics of P. paniculata individuals. Temporal variability in precipitation seems to drive fluctuations in seedling emergence, plant growth and competitive ability.
Effects of Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Properties of Seeds on the Feeding Ecology of Seed-Eating Birds of the Monte Desert, Argentina

Abstract. Food quality and physiological capacities and limitations in recognizing and processing food are among the factors influencing the choices of desert birds in feeding. Seed-eating birds of the central Monte desert generally select grass seeds rather than forb seeds. We studied some of the mechanisms underlying seed-selection patterns in seed-eating birds of the Monte desert, analyzing nutrients and secondary compounds of the 15 most abundant seeds in the soil and their relationship with the diet of six species of seed-eating birds. Grass seeds contained more starch and less total phenols than did forb seeds and were free from alkaloids. The diet of the most graminivorous birds was correlated with seeds' starch concentration, while generalists' diet was correlated with seed abundance. To assess the plausible mechanisms underlying birds' selection of seed, we experimented with three species differing in the breadth of their diet: a generalist, the Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis), and two graminivores, the Many-colored Chaco-Finch (Saltatricula multicolor) and Common Diuca-Finch (Diuca. diuca). We postulated that the level of starch and the presence of phenolic compounds and alkaloids influence food preference. Results suggest that most graminivorous birds prefer high-starch diets and avoid diets with phenols and alkaloids. In contrast, the generalist foraged regardless of starch content, and its food intake was reduced only by some of the phenols and alkaloids tested. Seed chemistry may explain some important features of seed selection by birds in the Monte desert.
BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE BLACK‐BROWED ALBATROSS DIOMEDEA MELANOPHRIS AND GREY‐HEADED ALBATROSS D. CHRYSOSTOMA AT BIRD ISLAND, SOUTH GEORGIA

Summary The two small albatrosses Diomedea melanophris and Diomedea chrysostoma were studied during five summers and one winter at Bird Island, South Georgia. Although superficially similar in habit small but consistent differences in breeding biology were demonstrated between the two species and may be related to differences in breeding frequency. The breeding season of D. chrysostoma was longer than that of D. melanophris and each species favoured slightly different colony sites. The development time (incubation+fledging) of D. chrysostoma (213 days) was substantially longer than that of D. melanophris (184 days). The eggs of D. chrysostoma were slightly larger than those of D. melanophris and there was marked difference in the behaviour of those breeding adults who lost eggs or chicks. D. chrysostoma departed to sea straight away whereas D. melanophris continued to visit the colony for some weeks before going. Daily weighings of nestlings suggested that chrysostoma bring in less food per a given time than melanophris, and this may account for the longer fledgling period.
Generic Indicators of Ecological Resilience: Inferring the Chance of a Critical Transition

Ecological resilience is the ability of a system to persist in the face of perturbations. Although resilience has been a highly influential concept, its interpretation has remained largely qualitative. Here we describe an emerging family of methods for quantifying resilience on the basis of observations. A first set of methods is based on the phenomenon of critical slowing down, which implies that recovery upon small perturbations becomes slower as a system approaches a tipping point. Such slowing down can be measured experimentally but may also be indirectly inferred from changes in natural fluctuations and spatial patterns. A second group of methods aims to characterize the resilience of alternative states in probabilistic terms based on large numbers of observations as in long time series or satellite images. These generic approaches to measuring resilience complement the system-specific knowledge needed to infer the effects of environmental change on the resilience of complex systems.
Mass Mortalities in Mari-Cultured European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) at Northern Egypt.

Septicemic bacterial diseases represent the most prominent sector of diseases with direct colossal impacts on Egyptian mariculture. Significant mortalities have been recorded among sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. cultured in at floating net-cages and earthen ponds located within the North of Egypt during the year of 2012. Moribund and ∕ or freshly dead fish samples showing a picture of clinical septicemia were collected for bacteriological and histopathological studies. A total number of 100 fish samples were inspected through the course of these episodes. Vibrio alginolyticus (V. Alginolyticus) was the most prevalent bacterial pathogen 32.25 %, followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) 24.19% , Tenacibacullum maritimum (T. maritimum) 17.74 % and Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) 14.51 %. Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) infections recorded the lowest rate 11.29 %. Bacterial infections were linked with numerous pathological changes. Adverse water quality measures recorded in the investigated fish farms were strongly incriminated in triggering the infections with an ultimate end of mass mortalities.
Droplet Actuation in PPy Redox Process

This paper presents a reversible manipulation of a dichloromethane (DCM) droplet at low voltages. The mechanism is governed by the reduction-oxidation reaction (redox) of dodecylbenzenesulfonate-doped polypyrrole (PPy) film. The voltages ranging from -0.9V to 0.6V (vs. Ag/AgCl reference) was applied to PPy film to change its reduction and oxidation states to control the shape of DCM droplet. The redox reaction was performed in-situ, and the manipulation of a DCM droplet was monitored using a goniometer. The experimental result in this work shows that the DCM droplet spreads out without an observable change of contact angle, which disagrees with the typical wetting behavior of a liquid droplet,
REAL ORIENTED 2-D DUAL TREE WAVELET TRANSFORM WITH NON-LOCAL MEANS FILTER FOR IMAGE DENOISING

: A new image denoising method based on dual tree real oriented wavelet transform using Non-Local Means Filter (NLMF) is proposed. Real oriented 2-D Dual Tree Wavelet Transform (DTWT) of an image gives six sub bands which is non separable. Implementation of Real oriented 2-D DTWT requires only addition and subtraction of respective sub-bands [10]. NLMF is applied to the low pass sub bands to estimate the uncorrupted intensity as an average weight of all pixels in the low pass sub-band. Denoising performance is further improved by soft thresholding the sub-band coefficients. Comparative evaluation shows that the denoising capability of the proposed method is better than other existing techniques in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR).
Software Test Case Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm

— Testing is work escalated and tedious process. Testing can be completed in two ways either manually or automatically. Tester conducts the testing process with the assistance of different accessible automated testing tools and strategies. Testing software is essentially the way toward recognizing an arrangement of information which fulfils the criteria set for testing. Test data generation is the way of collecting the data which meet the testing criterion. Parts of research have been finished by numerous specialists and they created many test data generator e.g. random test data generators, symbolic test data generators and dynamic test. This paper presents the streamlining investigation of the experiment age in light of the Genetic Algorithm and produces test cases which are significantly more reliable. This paper stresses on generation of test case using genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithm is the adaptation technology of their own. The purpose of the research paper is to implement the genetic algorithms to reduce the test cases and reduce cost, time and effort to give good quality software .
Electro-thermal Comparative Analysis and Simulation of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Materials for Power Electronic Devices

Power electronics switching devices involving Wide Band Gap (WBG) materials such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) provide a substantial switching level improvements as compared to the silicon (Si) devices. Recently Si MOSFETs are also being superseded by silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) MOSFETs due to their superior performance in high temperature limits. In order to directly compare these two types of MOSFETs we study their various parameters like energy band gap, carrier mobility, saturation velocity and thermal conductivity. A study has also been conducted to see the effect of high temperatures on electrical properties. A circuit analysis tool Pspice is used to study these two types of MOSFETs.
BIONOMIC STUDIES OF PAPILIO DEMOLEUS LINNAEUS, THE CITRUS BUTTERFLY, (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE), FROM LOWER SINDH, PAKISTAN.

Biological parameters of Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, the Citrus Butterfly, in Tando Muhammad Khan, lower Sindh, Pakistan are presented. This major agricultural pest was reared on Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Curry Leaf) and ten different varieties of Citrus sp. (Citrus) plants. The length of the adult mating period ranged 5 to 8 hours. Following mating, females laid 27.7 ± 3.3 eggs. Eggs hatched in 1.5 to 7 days. Mean durations of larval instars were 1.8 ± 0.1 (minimum) and 2.9 ± 0.1 (maximum) days respectively. Pupal duration was 5.5 to 20 days. Biotic factors including predators (praying mantis, ants, Common Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor)) and parasitoids (Trichogramma chilonis, Pteromalus puparum) played a significant role in mortality in all stages of the butterfly. Survival in most life stages had a negative correlation with temperature. Thirteen generations of P. demoleus per year were recorded. The feeding effect of Curry Leaf and ten different Citrus varieties on butterfly survival was examined. The Growth Index value was highest on Citrus aurantiifolia (Kaghzi Lime) and lowest on Murraya koenigii (Curry Leaf). The effect of artificial diets on adults was studied; only a 15% honey solution increased fecundity rate and survival of the adults.
Assessment, Diagnosis, and Recovery From Language Disorder at Kindergarten Age: Research Review and Clinical Discussion Évaluation, diagnostic et récupération du trouble du langage chez les enfants en âge de commencer la maternelle : revue de la littérature et discussion clinique

The research literature reveals two seemingly contradictory findings about the trajectory of developmental language disorders identified in the preschool years. Some studies suggest that many children achieve normal language by about the age of kindergarten entry. Other studies, however, indicate that most language disorders persist over a much longer time frame. Scarborough and Dobrich (1990) suggested that the apparent inconsistency in findings might arise as the result of patterns of illusory recovery at around kindergarten age. Periods of plateau in typical language development may allow children with language disorders to appear to have caught up to their peers, only to experience renewed challenges in the school years. The purpose of the current paper was to examine the literature for evidence in support of or inconsistent with the illusory recovery hypothesis and to discuss the clinical implications that follow from the evidence. Monique Charest Paige Borger Carolyne Chan Kaitlin Sanders Beatrice Yip Lu-Anne McFarlane Phyllis Schneider Assessment, Diagnosis, and Recovery From Language Disorder at Kindergarten Age: Research Review and Clinical Discussion Évaluation, diagnostic et récupération du trouble du langage chez les enfants en âge de commencer la maternelle : revue de la littérature et discussion clinique Monique Charest, Paige Borger, Carolyne Chan, Kaitlin Sanders, Beatrice Yip, Lu-Anne McFarlane, and Phyllis Schneider University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CANADA