Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Monetary-Fiscal Interaction under Learning

The interaction between monetary and fiscal policy and the associated uncertainty about this interaction have been put on center stage by the recent financial crisis and the associated recession. In our model agents learn about both fiscal and monetary policy rules via the Kalman Filter. In particular, we study how an economy populated with agents acting as econometricians reacts to discrete changes in the actual policy rules.
First constraints on the magnetic field strength in extra-Galactic stars: FORS2 observations of Of?p stars in the Magellanic Clouds

Massive O-type stars play a dominant role in our Universe, but many of their properties remain poorly constrained. In the last decade magnetic fields have been detected in all Galactic members of the distinctive Of? p class, opening the door to a better knowledge of all O-type stars. With the aim of extending the study of magnetic massive stars to nearby galaxies, to better understand the role of metallicity in the formation of their magnetic fields and magnetospheres, and to broaden our knowledge of the role of magnetic fields in massive star evolution, we have carried out spectropolarimetry of five extra-Galactic Of? p stars, as well as a couple of dozen neighbouring stars. We have been able to measure magnetic fields with typical error bars from 0.2 to 1.0 kG, depending on the apparent magnitude and on weather conditions. No magnetic field has been firmly detected in any of our measurements, but we have been able to estimate upper limits to the field values of our target stars. One of our targets, 2dFS 936, exhibited an unexpected strengthening of emission lines. We confirm the unusual behaviour of BI 57, which exhibits a 787 d period with two photometric peaks and one spectroscopic maximum. The observed strengthening of the emission lines of 2dFS 936, and the lack of detection of a strong magnetic field in a star with such strong emission lines is at odd with expectations. Together with the unusual periodic behaviour of BI 57, it represents a challenge for the current models of Of? p stars. The limited precision that we obtained in our field measurements (in most cases as a consequence of poor weather) has led to field-strength upper limits that are substantially larger than those typically measured in Galactic magnetic O stars. Further higher precision observations and monitoring are clearly required.
Color Enhancement in the Ornamental Dwarf Cichlid Micro geophagus ramirezi by Addition of Plant Carotenoids to the Fish Diet

The present research examined the effects of adding carotenoids from oleoresin paprika to fish feeds for ornamental dwarf cichlid, Microgeophagus ramirezi. The growth rate, survival, carotenoid accumulation level, and color intensity were evaluated. Post larvae and near-adult (three months old) fish were tested to determine when carotenoids are better assimilated. The addition of carotenoids had no effect on the growth rate or survival in either life stage, however, they had a clear effect on color enhancement. After 45 days, near-adult fish that consumed carotenoid-supplemented diets at 60, 120, or 240 mg/kg had significantly higher levels of carotenoids (72.19±4.55, 84.81±5.29, and 86.55±4.50 µg/g dry matter, respectively) than control fish (33.69±1.06 µg/g), with no significant differences between treatments. After 75 days, post larvae that consumed 240 mg/kg carotenoids accumulated significantly more carotenoids in their body (59.34±3.93 µg/g dry matter) than fish that consumed only 60 mg/kg carotenoids (40.53±2.37 µg/g dry matter) or no supplemental carotenoids (29.18 µg/g dry matter). Visual examination revealed a strong correlation between level of pigment accumulation and color appearance in the fish. Results indicate that addition of 60 mg oleoresin paprika per kg diet is sufficient to obtain good coloration in M. ramirezi.
Nigerian Science Teachers' Perceptions of Effective Science Teaching and their Classroom Teaching Practices in Junior Secondary Schools in Lagos State, Nigeria

This study explores science teachers’ perceptions of effective science teaching and their classroom teaching practices. The study was carried out from a population of junior secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. A purposive sample of 78 basic science teachers selected from 61 junior secondary schools from three Education Districts of the state was used for the study. A research instrument tagged effective teaching characteristics questionnaire (ETCQ) was used to elicit information from the teachers. The questionnaire has a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.83. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and simple percentage. The findings indicated that the science curriculum used in schools was overloaded with content to be memorized by learners for examination purposes and that most science teachers engaged students mostly in explanation and demonstration, whole class discussion and note copying. The findings further showed that effective science teaching is characterized by student-centered activities associated with students being attentive, reading notes, doing homework, asking and responding to questions and engaging in regular hands-on practical inquiry-based activity and carrying out their own observations among others. Finally, recommendations for improving science teaching for junior secondary schools in Lagos State were proffered. Keywords: Effective teaching, teacher-centered, perceptions, practical work, teaching resources
Efficiency of Public Sector Organizations: Perspectives from Theories of Bureaucracy

Economic insights on the provision of public goods and services by public sector organizations went hand in hand with probing questions on the efficient allocation of resources within them concerning neo-classical assumptions on the theory of firm (Coase, 1937; Alchian and Demsetz, 1972). The rationale behind the unprecedented divergences from the neo-classical firm postulations on the basis of not-to-operate at the efficient production frontier has attracted attentions of researchers working not only on the private firms but also on the public sector. This paper investigates theoretical underpinnings of efficient allocation of resources within public sector organizations on the basis of a variety of arguments. Before examining the (in) efficient usage of resources in the public sector that is mostly based on the theory of bureaucracy, methodological and practical challenges to measure the efficiency performances of public intuitions are visited. Subsequently, institutional framework on the public provision of goods and services is scrutinised referring particularly to the discussion on incentive schemes and efficiency.
Load Balancing Using Peers in an e-learning environment

When an e-Learning System is installed on a server, numerous learners make use of it and they download various learning objects or files from the server. Most of the time the request is for same files downloaded from the server which results in server perform the same repetitive task of locating the file and sending across to the requestor. This paper provides a novel algorithm which stores the details of the various clients who have downloaded the files and look up that table when a new request comes in and sends the fie from that client to the requestor thus saving the precious CPU time of the server by harnessing the computing power of the clients.
Mineralogy and Chemistry of Fine-grained Matrices, Rims, and Dark Inclusions in the CR Carbonaceous Chondrites Acfer/El Djouf 001 and the Ungrouped Carbonaceous Chondrites Acfer 094 and Adelaide

IN THE CR CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES ACFER/EL DJOUF 001 AND THE UNGROUPED CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES ACFER 094 AND ADELAIDE. Ansgar Greshake, Alexander N. Krot, and Klaus Keil, Museum fur Naturkunde, Institut fur Mineralogie, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany, email: ansgar.greshake@rz.hu-berlin.de, Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
The Australian Experience of World Wide Views on Global Warming: The First Global Deliberation Process

World Wide Views on Global Warming was the first ever global-scale citizen deliberation process, held on 25-26 September 2009 and involving approximately 4,000 citizens in 38 countries. WWViews sought to provide citizens with a voice in the 2009 UN Climate Summit in Copenhagen (COP15) by engaging them in a deliberative process about global political positions on climate change. The process produced clear, comparable results across all participating countries that were given to COP15 negotiators. The Danish Government agencies, the Danish Board of Technology and the Danish Cultural Institute, initiated the global process. Organisers in each participating country ran events using the same standardised process. The University of Technology Sydney, the organisers of the Australian WWViews event, paid special attention to several elements of the process to maximise participation and impact within the local context. This paper outlines the standardised global process used for this deliberative event and describes and reflects upon the tailored approaches developed for Australia. It examines in detail the objectives, processes and outcomes of recruiting and supporting participants and recruiting, training and coordinating facilitators, communications and dissemination of results and specific features of the Australian event. It includes the organisers’ reflections on success factors, challenges and surprises, as well as feedback from facilitators and participants. This paper concludes with a number of critical questions arising from the Australian experience of World Wide Views on Global Warming that are pertinent for practitioners designing other deliberative forums and particularly anyone concerned about future prospects for global deliberative democracy.
Evaluation of Soybean Cultivars of Contrasting Cycles according to the Level of Investment in Fertilization

The objective of the present study was to characterize the duration of the phenological stages, the agronomic characteristics and grain yield in soybean cultivars with contrasting cycles and indeterminate growth type, submitted to different fertilization investment environments under no-tillage system in the central region of Minas Gerais. The work was conducted under field conditions, in an experimental area of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, in Sete Lagoas, MG, in the harvest of 2015/2016. Ten soybean cultivars with different relative maturity groups (RMG) were studied, representing almost all RMG materials currently sown in Minas Gerais, in two environments with different levels of fertilizer investment. The variables were submitted to analysis of joint variance, in order to verify the existence of interaction between cultivars and investment in fertilization environments. Fertilizer investment levels influence grain yield of soybean cultivars of contrasting cycles. The higher height of the soybean plants implies higher lodging and lower grain yield. This situation is aggravated by the greater investment in fertilization. The difference between the cycles of the cultivars is in the duration of the vegetative stages, being greater in the later cultivars.
An Outlook for Radical Aero Engine Intercooler Concepts

A state of the art turbofan engine has an overall efficiency of about 40%, typically composed of a 50% thermal and an 80% propulsive efficiency. Previous studies have estimated that intercooling may improve fuel burn on such an engine with a 3-5% reduction depending on mission length. The intercooled engine benefits stem firstly from a higher Overall Pressure Ratio (OPR) and secondly from a reduced cooling flow need. Both aspects relate to the reduced compressor exit temperature achieved by the intercooler action. A critical aspect of making the intercooler work efficiently is the use of a variable intercooler exhaust nozzle. This allows reducing the heat extracted from the core in cruise operation as well as reducing the irreversibility generated on the intercooler external surface which arises from bypass flow pressure losses. In this respect the improvements, higher OPR and lower cooling flow need, are achieved indirectly and not by directly improving the underlying thermal efficiency. This paper discusses direct methods to further improve the efficiency of intercooled turbofan engines, either by reducing irreversibility generated in the heat exchanger or by using the rejected heat from the intercooler to generate useful power to the aircraft. The performance improvements by using the nacelle wetted surface to replace the conventional intercooler surface is first estimated. The net fuel burn benefit is estimated at 1.6%. As a second option a fuel cooled intercooler configuration, operated during the climb phase, is evaluated providing a net fuel burn reduction of 1.3%. A novel concept that uses the rejected heat to generate additional useful power is then proposed. A secondary cycle able to convert rejected intercooler heat to useful thrust is used to evaluate three possible scenarios. The two first cases investigate the impact of the heat transfer rate on the SFC reduction. As a final consideration the geared intercooled engine cycle is re-optimized to maximize the benefits of the proposed heat recovery system. The maximum SFC improvement for the three cycles is established to 2%, 3.7% and 3%.
Full price elasticities and the value of time: A tribute to the Beckerian model of the allocation of time

This article adopts Becker's allocation of time framework to describe households' choices concerning both their monetary and time use expenditures in order to propose a new method to derive price elasticity at a micro level. Price and full income elasticities are estimated on a matching of a French Family Budget and a Time Use survey. The utility and home production functions are specified in order to allow the computation of the household's opportunity cost for time, which is shown to be smaller in average than the household's wage net of taxes. This estimate serves to value time dedicated to domestic activities and are used in the definition of full prices. The estimated price elasticities compare well with the estimates by other methods, such as Frisch's model based on independence of preferences assumptions or Hicks-Lewbel's method based on the aggregation of commodities. Finally, the model is applied to the computation of a welfare index, to the estimation of the household's labour supply and to a tentative explanation of the classic difference between cross-section and time-series estimates of income elasticities.
Astrometric results of observations of mutual occultations and eclipses of the Uranian satellites in 2007

Context. The photometry of mutual occultations and eclipses of natural planetary satellites can be used to infer very accurate as- trometric data. This can be achieved by processing the light curves of the satellites observed during international campaigns of photometric observations of these mutual events. Aims. This work focuses on processing the complete database of photometric observations of the mutual occultations and eclipses of the Uranian satellites made during the international campaign in 2007. The ﬁnal goal is to derive new accurate astrometric data. Methods. We used an accurate photometric model of mutual events that explicitly depends on parameters that these accurate ob- servations should be sensitive to, including the albedos of the satellites. Our original method is applied to derive astrometric data in relative positions from photometric observations of mutual occultations and eclipses of the Uranian satellites. Results. We process the 41 light-curves obtained during the international campaign of photometric observations of the Uranian satel- lites in 2007. The root-mean-square (rms) of the residuals “observations minus calculations” (O–C) with respect to theory for the best 34 observations are equal to 10.3 and 17.7 mas in right ascension and declination, respectively. For ﬁve observations only the position angle was derived. Topocentric or heliocentric angular di ﬀ erences for satellites pairs were obtained from 25 central instant o ﬀ sets between observation and theory during the time period from May 4, 2007 to January 4, 2008. Conclusions. The rms of the residuals is from 10 to 20 mas that corresponds in situ to 10 to 20 km. These mutual event observations appear to be the most accurate astrometric ground-based observations of the major Uranian satellites to-date and should be used for dynamical purposes.
Molecular Targeting Therapy for Gastric Cancer: Current Advances and Obstacles

Although the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) has declined steadily in recent years, GC remains a major cancer burden. Multimodal therapies have been developed and first-line chemotherapy for advanced GC patients, even they have good performance status, could provide only modest efficacy. Furthermore, treatment outcomes after failure of first-line chemotherapy remain poor. In order to provide a solution to this unmet clinical need, since the management of various types of cancer has progressed rapidly into the molecular era, biomarker-targeted therapy for GC has received enormous attention in recent years. This review focuses on the current treatment achievement of molecular targeting agents for GC, such as trastuzumab, pertuzumab, trastuzumab emtansine, lapatinib, cetuximab, panitumumab, nimotuzumab, mammalian target of rapamycin, bevacizumab, ramucirumab, sunitinib, sorafenib, apatinib, rilotumumab, and onartuzumab. However, problems are also emerged with regard to resistance and refractoriness. This chapter also focuses on the current obstacles concerning resistance and refractoriness, as well as provides discussions concerning future directions with regard to molecular categorization to predict response and toxicities leading to select patients most likely to benefit.
MODELLING OF CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT WORK DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACKS

Denial of service attacks is one type of cyber attacks, when attacker tries to make some kind of service not available to its legitimate users. It becomes more relevant for service providers, however, for estimating of the potential threat it is simpler to use mathematical/programmable models instead of the real experiments. DoS attacks can vary in type, as well as its models. In this paper, we propose central processing unit work depletion DoS attack model and its characteristics. Also we use this model to examine attack success probability dependencies on the used queries arrival rate function as well as the optimal queries arrival rate function for the overall attack time period. The proposed model should enrich the other type of DoS models in the way of incorporating them. Meanwhile, the implemented modelling experiments can be used as guidelines for central processing unit work depletion DoS attack efficiency optimization.
Interaction of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Ameloblastic Cell In-vitro- A Preclinical Analysis

Background: To report in-vitro interaction between ameloblastic cell and dental pulp stem cell.Methods: Dental Pulp stem cells were isolated from extracted pre molars and Ameloblastoma primary culture was obtained from the patient. Direct co-culture study was performed to do morphological sorting with tryphan blue dye exclusion method and transwell co-culture was performed to study anti-proliferative effects.Results: The viability count from transwell co-culture plates revealed that in the control wells the AM has higher proliferation rate than DPSC. However when co-cultured with DPSCs, the proliferation level is arrested and decreased cell count was noted. This was confirmed by Tryphan blue dye exclusion assay also.Conclusion: Result demonstrated that dental pulp stem cell can induce anti-proliferation or anti-tumorigenic activity in ameloblastoma cells. This has helped us in using these cells in the management of ameloblastoma cases.
Animal Spirits and Risk in Financial Markets

Keynes argues that a beauty contest in financial markets is a combination of rational higher-order beliefs and market psychology or animal spirits. We find that a stable equilibrium, where also market psychology is included, can be possible if uninformed investors agree to reduce their required rate of return indicating that they enlarge the risk of their investment with the animal spirits component.
Phylogenetic Methods in Biogeography

Phylogenetic approaches to biogeography are rapidly becoming more sophisticated. Four types of models are being explored in the literature: (a) diffusion models, (b) island models, (c) hierarchical vicariance models (HVMs), and (d ) reticulate models. Diffusion models are used primarily for phylogeographic inference but can also offer insights into geographic discontinuities of significance on longer time scales. For the island models, statistical approaches are now well developed and typically offer more detailed insight than parsimony analysis. In contrast, parsimony may still be the best option for HVM analysis, because existing statistical approaches do not yet accommodate dispersal. The proposed probabilistic models of reticulate scenarios remain poorly understood, even though they may currently do the best job of integrating diversification processes into biogeographic analysis. Statistical approaches are gaining in popularity across the field, in part because of the flexibility of stochastic modeling. This allows investigators to address important related processes, such as ecological interactions and climate change, in biogeographic inference.
Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) mit Hierarchischen Partikelfiltern

Von vielen wird die Fahigkeit eines Roboters zur Lokalisation in einer unbekannten Umwelt bei gleichzeitigem Aufbau einer genauen Karte, also die Losung der aus der Literatur als „Simultaneous Localization and Mapping“ Problem bekannten Aufgabe, als wesentliche Vorbedingung fur einen wirklich autonomen Roboter angesehen. Losungen fur dieses Problem wurden bisher vorwiegend mit Hilfe von Robotern vorgestellt, die uber Laser-Range-Sensoren oder ahnlich geartete Sensoren verfugen. Diese stellen fur einzelne wiedererkennbare Objekte der Umwelt, sogenannte Landmarken, sowohl Richtungsals auch Entfernungsinformationen relativ zur aktuellen Roboterposition zur Verfugung. Da derartige Sensoren nicht an jedem Roboter vorhanden sind, ergibt sich die Frage, ob die Losung des SLAM Problems ebenso moglich ist, wenn statt Richtung und Entfernung lediglich die Richtung einer Landmarke zur Verfugung steht. Eine solche Losung wurde SLAM Anwendungen auf Basis anderer bzw. schlechterer Sensoren ermoglichen. Die gleiche Problemstellung entsteht, wenn SLAM visuell mit Hilfe einer einzelnen Kamera erfolgen soll, ohne dabei aufwendige Pseudo-Stereo-Algorithmen zu verwenden. Dann stehen keine oder nur ungenaue Entfernungsbeobachtungen der Landmarke zur Verfugung. Der von uns entwickelte Algorithmus stellt eine Losung fur genau diese Problemstellung dar. Er realisiert SLAM mit Beobachtungen geringerer Dimension (ohne Entfernungsangabe) unter Verwendung einer einzelnen Kamera. Der Algorithmus arbeitet ahnlich wie FastSLAM. Dessen Kalman-Filter wurden durch weitere Partikelfilter ersetzt. Diese Partikelfilter bieten eine allgemeinere Moglichkeit, die Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung der Position jeder einzelnen Landmarke darzustellen, als Kalman-Filter dies tun, da KalmanFilter auf normalverteilte unimodale Verteilungen beschrankt sind. 1 Einleitung Die Aufgabe, aus einer Reihe von Landmarkenbeobachtungen eines Roboters eine Karte fur eine bisher unbekannte Umwelt aufzubauen, induziert immer auch die Aufgabe, den Roboter in dieser