Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traditional Fermented Butter Smen/Dhan: Current Knowledge, Production and Consumption in Algeria

Algerian Smen/Dhan is an ethnic dairy product which is a traditional fermented butter made from whole raw milk by empirical methods. This product constitutes a significant part of the Algerian diet and represents a gastronomical heritage that need to be preserved and protected. The aim of the present study was to investigate the place and use of this product in the Algerian culture as well as to identify the traditional methods used for its preparation. A survey was conducted on 880 households in the South and East of Algeria. The results revealed that 96.47% of the surveyed population knew what Smen/Dhan was, 75.22% consumed it and 47.61% prepared it at home. Concerning the production method, raw milk (cow, goat and/or sheep milk) is spontaneously fermented until coagulation. Then, the obtained coagulum (Raib) is churned with different tools to obtain the butter used for Smen/Dhan preparation. Then, two different preparation modes are used depending on the surveyed regions. Households from Batna, Khenchela and Setif proceed directly with butter salting while in the Biskra, Jijel, El Oued and Ouargla regions, a different process is used which first involves a heat-treatment of the butter followed by the addition of one or more ingredients. After packing in a traditional ceramic container (Ezzir) and other containers, a maturation step is applied with a long duration varying from one month to several years. This product is consumed as an additive to enhance the taste and aroma of some traditional dishes (couscous/other) and is also used in traditional medicine.
Edge Detection using Distributed CANNY Algorithm and Implementation in FPGA

: Edge detection is the most common pre-processing step in digital image processing. Edge detection which significantly reduces the amount of data and filter out the unwanted information in an image. Canny edge detection is the most common edge detection algorithm and it is based on frame level statistics. Direct implementation of canny algorithm at the block level leads to excessive edges in smooth region and loss of significant edges in high detailed region. This cannot be used for real time implementation because it requires higher latency. To overcome this problem, a distributed canny edge detection algorithm is proposed and it is based on block classification. This resulting block based code will significantly reduce the latency. Hence, the proposed algorithm will yield a better performance than the other edge detection algorithm. Finally, this algorithm is mapped onto Xilinx Spartan-3(EDK) Embedded Development Kit FPGA platform
Studies on Adhesion of Fish Meat Products to Casing in Retort Sterilized Fish Sausage. V. The Effect of Different Surimi, NaCl, and pH on Meat Adhesion to Casing of Retort-Sterilized Fish Sausage.

The effect of the kind of surimi, NaC1 content, and pH on meat adhesion to casing of retort-sterilized fish sausage was investigated. A poly vinylidenechloride-vinylchloride co-polymer tube was used as casing. The degree of meat adhesion was expressed by adhesive strength and the amount of meat which adhered to the casing. The results are as follows;1) The degree of meat adhesion increased wth the increase in NaCl which was added between 0.5% and 4%, while the jelly strength of the sausage reached a maximum at 3% NaC1 and was slightly low at 4% NaC1.2) When the pH of the sausage was lowered by the addition of glucono delta lactone (GDL), both the degree of meat adhesion and the jelly strength of the sausage decreased with the lowering of pH.3) The sausage which had a stronger jelly strength gave stronger meat adhesion strength.
Biases in CMIP5 Sea Surface Temperature and the Annual Cycle of East African Rainfall

In much of East Africa, climatological rainfall follows a bimodal distribution characterized by the long rains (March–May) and short rains (October–December). Most CMIP5 coupled models fail to properly simulate this annual cycle, typically reversing the amplitudes of the short and long rains relative to observations. This study investigates how CMIP5 climatological sea surface temperature (SST) biases contribute to simulation errors in the annual cycle of East African rainfall. Monthly biases in CMIP5 climatological SSTs (50°S–50°N) are first identified in historical runs (1979–2005) from 31 models and examined for consistency. An atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is then forced with observed SSTs (1979–2005) generating a set of control runs and observed SSTs plus the monthly, multimodel mean SST biases generating a set of “bias” runs for the same period. The control runs generally capture the observed annual cycle of East African rainfall while the bias runs capture prominent CMIP5 annual cycle biases, including too little (much) precipitation during the long rains (short rains) and a 1-month lag in the peak of the long rains relative to observations. Diagnostics reveal the annual cycle biases are associated with seasonally varying north–south- and east–west-oriented SST bias patterns in Indian Ocean and regional-scale atmospheric circulation and stability changes, the latter primarily associated with changes in low-level moist static energy. Overall, the results indicate that CMIP5 climatological SST biases are the primary driver of the improper simulation of the annual cycle of East African rainfall. Some implications for climate change projections are discussed.
An integrated approach to add value to acerola fruit (Malphigia emarginata): antioxidant extraction and its performance in food emulsion

An integrated approach to add value to acerola fruit (Malphigia emarginata): antioxidant extraction and its performance in food emulsion Antioxidants have the ability to protect, prevent, or reduce the damage caused by the phenomena of oxidation due to free radicals’ activity. They play a key role in the defense mechanisms of plants and other biological systems, acting directly in the early stages of generation and propagation of free radicals in the oxidative process, in both food and biological systems. In foods, they act by preventing and/or delaying the processes of lipid autoxidation through the neutralization of free radicals. Autoxidation lead to the development of undesirable flavors and chemical compounds in food, besides deterioration of quality and shortening the shelf life of food products. The use of antioxidant compounds is a necessity in the food industry, which normally uses synthetic products. The questioning of the innocuity of synthetic antioxidants and the recent demand for natural ingredients by consumers have motivated the study of alternative sources and their processing parameters for food application. Attention has been given to ascorbic acid, tocopherols, and carotenoids that present known potential for food application. Acerola fruits (Malphigia emarginata DC.) are an important source of natural antioxidants, due to the high levels of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. In this work natural extracts obtained from acerola pulp and seeds were applied in lipid matrices. The study consisted of three stages: extraction conditions determination using experimental design and optimization methods; oxidative stability study in lipid system models comparing natural extracts to synthetic ones; and sensorial evaluation of emulsions added off natural antioxidants. The results evidenced a high antioxidant capacity of extracts obtained under optimized conditions and a significant antioxidant action in the oxidative stability in lipid systems. In addition, it was observed high sensorial acceptance and low sensorial profile differentiation of emulsions added of natural extracts in comparison to the synthetic antioxidants. Therefore, acerola is an efficient substitute for synthetic antioxidants in lipid-based foods without causing sensorial alteration.
Understanding Tourism Online Consumer Behavior and eWOM Strategies for Sustainable Business Management

Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) has been widely used by the majority of consumers in different digital platforms. This exploratory study was conducted with the aim to get further insights about online consumer behavior through social networking sites and online reviews sites in order to help tourism businesses develop sustainable eWOM strategies. In order to carry out this objective, an exploratory study has been developed to analyze the existing literature of eWOM strategies and online consumer behavior. The systematic literature review analysis establishes two main topics: (i) tourism (ii) eWOM. The scientific database of Web of Science has been used to collect relevant literature of the subject matter. The search term “Tourism” and “eWOM” were applied. The database of Web of Science produced a total of 124 articles and with the different filters applied during the PRISMA 2009 Flow diagram the process resulted in a selection of 13 studies. The results of the research will provide a broader knowledge for scholars of social sciences and businesses for adopting sustainable strategies of the increasing influence of eWOM in tourism.
USING NATURALISTIC DRIVING DATA TO QUANTIFY DRIVER FOLLOWING BEHAVIOR DURING BRAKING

This study aims at quantifying and comparing drivers’ following behavior during braking at intersections and midblock road segments (i.e., non-intersection) using Naturalistic Driving Data (NDS) data. The quantification of driver behavior was based on exploring the Probability Density Functions (PDF) of two parameters (i.e., minimum following distance and time-to-collision) which were extracted from NDS data. To classify drivers’ following behavior at intersection and segments, all events were mapped onto the road network using ArcGIS. The intersection events were defined based on the driver’s stopping sight distance to the stop line of an intersection. The results showed that there was a significant statistical difference between the PDFs of the parameters at intersection and segment events. Also, the results showed that drivers tend to keep less following distances and high deceleration rates (i.e., more aggressive) during intersection events when compared to segment events. Generally, the results of this study highlight the importance of considering the driver location before judging or classifying his/her behavior.
RMHP_A_243331 865..881

Peng-Fei Cheng 1,2 Dan-Ping Li* Ji-Qun He * Xiang-Hong Zhou Jian-Qiang Wang Hong-Yu Zhang 1School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, People’s Republic of China; 2Hunan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Decision Making and Big Data on Industrial Development, Xiangtan 411201, People’s Republic of China; 3Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People’s Republic of China; 4Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People’s Republic of China; 5School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
Innovation Systems in the Calgary Wireless Cluster : Mapping as an Explanatory Model . ( Draft Copy )

The Calgary wireless study has completed approximately fifty interviews. The scope of the interviews have included representatives from industry (mainly “upstream”), university, government and some business services. The data gathered from these interviews has provided a foundation for understanding the drivers of the wireless cluster in Calgary. In addition, the information collected has enabled the creation of a preliminary mapping series from which several factors of the Calgary regional system of innovation can be identified. These factors include the methods of knowledge transfer and networking, the role of research institutions and their relationship to the industry, generational relationships, and the supplier customer relationships within the cluster. Using the preliminary maps as an explanatory model, this paper discusses the identified factors involved in the innovation process in the Calgary wireless context. Drawing from the existing literature base in innovation studies, the discussion further considers some of the classic factors influencing regional systems of innovation, giving consideration to the specific factors of the Calgary situation. Briefly, the study identifies the Calgary cluster as based on a tightly integrated, highly mobile talent pool inspired by the “entrepreneurial spirit of the West. ” Wireless is global, however strong regional relationships and the Calgary lifestyle facilitate functioning of the local industry as efficient at adding value.
An Improved Composite Fly Ash Gel to Extinguish Underground Coal Fire in Close Distance Coal Seams: A Case Study

Fire extinguishing with the superior performance of fly ash composite colloid material is a cost-effective colloid fire prevention technology. In this paper, a new powder additive (suspending agent (XK-XJ) and gelling agent) was developed for the existing fire extinguishing technology of fly ash compound colloid. Tests show that the best additions to the fly ash slurry were 0.3% and 0.1∼0.3%, respectively. The grouting technical scheme of adding a suspending agent on the ground and gelling agent downhole was proposed to solve the problems of solid material settlement and blockage in the long-distance pipeline transportation process. Finally, the optimized fly ash colloid fire prevention and extinguishing technology was successfully applied to the fire control engineering examples of close-range coal seam groups, and the rationality of the developed powder and its proportion was tested, and the feasibility in coal fire control was tested.
BERT+vnKG: Using Deep Learning and Knowledge Graph to Improve Vietnamese Question Answering System

A question answering (QA) system based on natural language processing and deep learning is a prominent area and is being researched widely. The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model that is a variety of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) used to be popular in machine translation, and question answering system. However, that model still has certainly limited capabilities, so a new model named Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer (BERT) emerged to solve these restrictions. BERT has more advanced features than LSTM and shows state-of-the-art results in many tasks, especially in multilingual question answering system over the past few years. Nevertheless, we tried applying multilingual BERT model for a Vietnamese QA system and found that BERT model still has certainly limitation in term of time and precision to return a Vietnamese answer. The purpose of this study is to propose a method that solved above restriction of multilingual BERT and applied for question answering system about tourism in Vietnam. Our method combined BERT and knowledge graph to enhance accurately and find quickly for an answer. We experimented our crafted QA data about Vietnam tourism on three models such as LSTM, BERT fine-tuned multilingual for QA (BERT for QA), and BERT+vnKG. As a result, our model outperformed two previous models in terms of accuracy and time. This research can also be applied to other fields such as finance, e-commerce, and so on.
The role of indocyanine green performing a minimally invasive right colectomy

Despite nowadays minimally invasive surgery is the standard approach for treatment of right colorectal cancer, surgical technique is not yet standardized and severe complications, such as anastomotic leakage, are still reported. Furthermore, some aspects of the technique, as the extension of the lymphadenectomy, are still debated. In recent years, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging was introduced in laparoscopic surgery to provide more detailed anatomical information. Based on our experience in the use of ICG fluorescence technology and through a review of literature, this paper defines the possible different applications and potential advantages of ICG fluorescence imaging during laparoscopic right colectomy. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library database to identify relevant articles on ICG fluorescence guided surgery and laparoscopic right colectomy. In more detail, the paper describes the application of ICG fluorescence angiography to check bowel perfusion intraoperatively and its association with a lower rate of anastomotic leakage, when compared with standard approach. Then, it defines the sentinel lymph node mapping technique, with its possible application in early colon cancer and the importance of lymphatic mapping in detecting aberrant metastases. Finally, experimental applications, such as ureters and tumor tissue identification through fluorescence guided surgery and their potential developments in the future, are reported.
High folic acid or folate combined with low vitamin B-12 status: potential but inconsistent association with cognitive function in a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of US older adults participating in the NHANES.

BACKGROUND Potential safety concerns relative to impaired cognitive function may exist when high folic acid exposures are combined with low vitamin B-12 status. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the relation of the coexistence of high folate and low vitamin B-12 status with cognitive function, utilizing various definitions of "high" folate status. METHODS Cross-sectional data from older adults (≥60 y; n = 2420) from the 2011-2014 NHANES were analyzed. High folate status was defined as unmetabolized serum folic acid (UMFA) > 1 nmol/L or serum total folate > 74.1 nmol/L, and low vitamin B-12 status as methylmalonic acid > 271 nmol/L or serum vitamin B-12 < 150 pmol/L. Logistic regression models estimated ORs of scoring low on 1 of 4 cognitive tests: the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Delayed Recall (CERAD-DR) and Word Learning tests, and the Animal Fluency test (AF). RESULTS A significant interaction was observed relative to scoring low on the DSST (<34; UMFA; P-interaction = 0.0071) and AF (serum folate; P-interaction = 0.0078) for low vitamin B-12 and high folate status. Among those with low vitamin B-12, high UMFA or high serum total folate was associated with higher risk of scoring low on the DSST (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.47) and the AF (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.45). Among those with "normal" vitamin B-12, higher UMFA or serum total folate was protective on the CERAD-DR. In noninteraction models, when high folate and normal vitamin B-12 status was the reference group, low vitamin B-12 combined with high UMFA was associated with greater risk based on the DSST (<34, OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.85, 4.45; <40, OR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.31, 3.75) and AF (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.30, 2.97); but low vitamin B-12 and lower UMFA (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.47) was also significantly associated for DSST < 40 risk. CONCLUSIONS Low vitamin B-12 was associated with cognitive impairment both independently and in an interactive manner with high folate for certain cognitive performance tests among older adults.
2011 Winner: Carla Lopes

[Figure][1] We are pleased to announce that the winner of the 2011 JCS Prize is Carla Lopes, for her paper entitled ‘Centriolar satellites are assembly points for proteins implicated in human ciliopathies, including oral-facial-digital syndrome 1’ ([Lopes et al., 2011][2]). The $1000
Azolla ferns testify: seed plants and ferns share a common ancestor for leucoanthocyanidin reductase enzymes

Summary Questions about in vivo substrates for proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis and condensation have not been resolved and wide gaps in the understanding of transport and biogenesis in ‘tannosomes’ persist. Here we examined the evolution of PA biosynthesis in ferns not previously reported, asking what PAs are synthesised and how. Chemical and gene‐expression analyses were combined to characterise PA biosynthesis, leveraging genome annotation from the floating fern Azolla filiculoides. In vitro assay and phylogenomics of PIP‐dehydrogenases served to infer the evolution of leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR). Sporophyte‐synthesised (epi)catechin polymers, averaging only seven subunits, accumulated to 5.3% in A. filiculoides, and 8% in A. pinnata biomass dry weight. Consistently, a LAR active in vitro was highly expressed in A. filiculoides. LAR, and paralogous fern WLAR‐enzymes with differing substrate binding sites, represent an evolutionary innovation of the common ancestor of fern and seed plants. The specific ecological niche of Azolla ferns, a floating plant–microbe mat massively fixing CO2 and N2, shaped their metabolism in which PA biosynthesis predominates and employs novel fern LAR enzymes. Characterisation of in vivo substrates of these LAR, will help to shed light on the recently assigned and surprising dual catalysis of LAR from seed plants.
Development Perspective of Bioelectrocatalysis-Based Biosensors

Bioelectrocatalysis provides the intrinsic catalytic functions of redox enzymes to nonspecific electrode reactions and is the most important and basic concept for electrochemical biosensors. This review starts by describing fundamental characteristics of bioelectrocatalytic reactions in mediated and direct electron transfer types from a theoretical viewpoint and summarizes amperometric biosensors based on multi-enzymatic cascades and for multianalyte detection. The review also introduces prospective aspects of two new concepts of biosensors: mass-transfer-controlled (pseudo)steady-state amperometry at microelectrodes with enhanced enzymatic activity without calibration curves and potentiometric coulometry at enzyme/mediator-immobilized biosensors for absolute determination.
Assimilate allocation priority as affected by nitrogen compounds in the xylem sap of tomato

Experiments with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill. cv. F144) grown in a greenhouse show that salinity (electric conductivity 6-7 dS m -1 ) and bicarbonate fertilization enhanced the accumulation of total solids in the fruits. Short term experiments with tomato seedlings were carried out simultaneously to study the effect of salinity (NaCI) and NO 3 - concentrations on the activities of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc, EC 4.1.1.31) and glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) in roots and leaves to study the mechanisms controlling assimilate transport to reproductive organs. The effect of bicarbonate fertilization on fruit quality was more pronounced under saline conditions which increased NOT reduction and assimilation in the roots. Salinity (100 mM NaCI) inhibited xylem loading of NO,[ and its subsequent transport to the shoot, shifting the main NO 3 - reduction and assimilation in the plant from the shoot to the root. At the same time, addition of bicarbonate increased dark CO2 fixation in the roots, producing oxaloacetate, aspartate and asparagine. The resulting amino acids were transported from the root to the shoot through the xylem. Low NO 3 - concentration, salinity and bicarbonate in the medium produced a higher ratio of N red /(N red +NO 3 - in the xylem sap. The ratio of N red /(N red +NO 3 - in the xylem sap was related to the determination of assimilate allocation priorities in the tomato plant. A high ratio correlated with increased allocation to reproductive organs while a low ratio, generated by fertilization with high NO 3 - concentrations, stimulated the vegetative growth at the expense of fruit quality.