Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Common Sense Guide to Mitigating Insider Threats 4th Edition

Abstract : This fourth edition of the Common Sense Guide to Mitigating Insider Threats provides the most current recommendations of the CERT Program (part of Carnegie Mellon University's Software Engineering Institute), based on an expanded database of more than 700 insider threat cases and continued research and analysis. It introduces the topic of insider threats, explains its intended audience and how this guide differs from previous editions, defines insider threats, and outlines current patterns and trends. The guide then describes 19 practices that organizations should implement across the enterprise to prevent and detect insider threats, as well as case studies of organizations that failed to do so. Each practice includes features new to this edition: challenges to implementation, quick wins and highimpact solutions for small and large organizations, and relevant security standards. This edition also focuses on six groups within an organization - human resources, legal, physical security, data owners, information technology, and software engineering - and maps the relevant groups to each practice. The appendices provide a revised list of information security best practices, a new mapping of the guide's practices to established security standards, a new breakdown of the practices by organizational group, and new checklists of activities for each practice.
FACTORS INFLUENCING E-COMMERCE ADOPTION BY RETAILERS IN SAUDI ARABIA: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

This paper presents the preliminary findings of a study researching the diffusion and the adoption of online retailing in Saudi Arabia. It reports new research that identifies and explores the key issues that positively and negatively influence retailers in Saudi Arabia regarding the adoption of electronic commerce. Retailers in Saudi Arabia have been reserved in their adoption of electronically delivered aspects of their business. Despite the fact that Saudi Arabia has the largest and fastest growth of ICT marketplaces in the Arab region, ecommerce activities are not progressing at the same speed. Only a tiny number of Saudi commercial organizations, mostly medium and large companies from the manufacturing sector, are involved in e-commerce implementation. Based on qualitative data, collected by conducting interviews with a sample population of retail sector decision makers in Saudi Arabia, both positive and negative issues influencing retailer adoption of electronic retailing systems in Saudi Arabia are identified. A number of impediments which include cultural, business and technical issues were reported. Facilitating factors include access to educational programs and awareness building of e-commerce, government support and assistance for ecommerce, trustworthy and secure online payment options, developing strong ICT infrastructure, and provision of sample e-commerce software to trial. While literature reveals that government promotion has had limited effects on the diffusion of e-commerce in most countries, this study significantly indicates government promotion and support as a key driver to online retailing in KSA.
Gender Disparities in Self-concept, Attitude and Perception in Physics and Chemistry

This study sought to determine disparities and associated factors in students’ performance in Physics and Chemistry at the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) ex- amination in Nandi North District. The research objectives included determining differences in students’ performance at KCSE in Physics and Chemistry, self-concept (perception) of, attitude toward, and perception of the usefulness of Physics and Chemistry as subjects. Students were classified accord- ing to gender, using a causal-comparative design. Majority of the students aged between 15 and 19 years. Three ques- tionnaires were administered to the form four students, and KCSE results for the years 2000 – 2004 were obtained from the District Education Office. These were analyzed using de- scriptive and inferential statistics. We concluded that boys reflected better academic achievement as compared to the girls in both physics and chemistry. The boys and girls had comparable self-concept in physics. The girls had a higher self-concept in chemistry than the boys. This may suggest that self-concept does not influence performance in chemistry since boys still out-performed the girls in spite of the girls’ higher self-concept. With regard to attitude towards chemistry and physics, the boys and girls had the same attitude, mixed and single-sex school students had comparable attitude to- wards physics and chemistry. An intervention regarding the level of preparedness of primary school pupils in dealing with the challenges of learning Physics and Chemistry at sec- ondary is recommended.
A ~60 Myr periodicity is common to marine-87Sr/86Sr, fossil biodiversity, and large-scale sedimentation: what does the periodicity reflect?

We find that the marine 87Sr/86Sr record shows a significant periodicity of 59.3 \pm 3 Myr. The 87Sr/86Sr record is 171{\deg} \pm 12{\deg}out of phase with a 62 (\pm 3) Myr periodicity previously reported in the record of marine-animal diversity. These periodicities are close to 58 (\pm 4) Myr cycles found for the number of gap-bounded sedimentary carbonate packages of North America We propose that these periodicities reflect the operation of a periodic "pulse of the Earth" in large-scale, Earth processes. These may be linked to mantle or plate-tectonic events, possibly uplift, which affects Earth's climate and oceans, and so the geochemistry, sedimentation, and biodiversity of the marine realm. Alternately, they may be linked to oscillation of the solar system normal to the plane of the galaxy.
gradSLAM: Automagically differentiable SLAM.

Blending representation learning approaches with simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) systems is an open question, because of their highly modular and complex nature. Functionally, SLAM is an operation that transforms raw sensor inputs into a distribution over the state(s) of the robot and the environment. If this transformation (SLAM) were expressible as a differentiable function, we could leverage task-based error signals to learn representations that optimize task performance. However, several components of a typical dense SLAM system are non-differentiable. In this work, we propose gradSLAM, a methodology for posing SLAM systems as differentiable computational graphs, which unifies gradient-based learning and SLAM. We propose differentiable trust-region optimizers, surface measurement and fusion schemes, and raycasting, without sacrificing accuracy. This amalgamation of dense SLAM with computational graphs enables us to backprop all the way from 3D maps to 2D pixels, opening up new possibilities in gradient-based learning for SLAM. TL;DR: We leverage the power of automatic differentiation frameworks to make dense SLAM differentiable.
Communication, Dynamical Resource Theory, and Thermodynamics

Recently, new insights have been obtained by jointly studying communication and resource theory. This interplay consequently serves as a potential platform for interdisciplinary studies. To continue this line, we analyze the role of dynamical resources in a communication setup, and further apply our analysis to thermodynamics. To start with, we study classical communication scenarios constrained by a given resource, in the sense that the information processing channel is unable to supply additional amounts of the resource. We show that the one-shot classical capacity is upper bounded by resource preservability, which is a measure of the ability to preserve the resource. A lower bound can be further obtained when the resource is asymmetry. As an application, unexpectedly, under a recently-studied thermalization model, we found that the smallest bath size needed to thermalize all outputs of a Gibbs-preserving coherence-annihilating channel upper bounds its one-shot classical capacity. In this sense, bath sizes can be interpreted as the thermodynamic cost of transmitting classical information. This finding provides a dynamical analog of Landauer's principle, and therefore bridges classical communication and thermodynamics. As another implication, we show that, in bipartite settings, classically correlated local baths can admit classical communication even when both local systems are completely thermalized. Hence, thermalizations can transmit information by accessing only classical correlation as a resource. Our results demonstrate interdisciplinary applications enabled by dynamical resource theory.
New records of Celoporthe guangdongensis and Cytospora rhizophorae on mangrove apple in China

Abstract Background Sonneratia apetala Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (Sonneratiaceae, Myrtales), is a woody species with high adaptability and seed production capacity. S. apetala is widely cultivated worldwide as the main species for mangrove construction. However, the study of diseases affecting S. apetala is limitted, with only a few fungal pathogens being recorded. Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales) species are the main pathogens of plants. They can cause canker diseases to several trees and thereby seriously threaten the health of the hosts. These pathogens include Cryphonectria parasitica (Cryphonectriaceae) causing chestnut blight on Castanea (Rigling and Prospero 2017) and Cytospora chrysosperma (Cytosporaceae) causing polar and willow canker to Populus and Salix (Wang et al. 2015) . Therefore, the timely detection of of Cryphonectriaceae canker pathogens on S. apetala is extremely important for protecting the mangrove forests. New information Two diaporthalean fungi, Celoporthe guangdongensis and Cytospora rhizophorae have been reported for the first time to cause canker on the branches of S. apetala. C. guangdongensis is significantly pathogenic and C. rhizophorae is saprophytic on S. apetala.
Construction of anti-codon table of the plant kingdom and evolution of tRNA selenocysteine (tRNASec)

Background The tRNAs act as a bridge between the coding mRNA and incoming amino acids during protein translation. The anti-codon of tRNA recognizes the codon of the mRNA and deliver the amino acid into the protein translation chain. However, we did not know about the exact abundance of anti-codons in the genome and whether the frequency of abundance remains same across the plant lineage or not. Results Therefore, we analysed the tRNAnome of 128 plant species and reported an anti-codon table of the plant kingdom. We found that CAU anti-codon of tRNA Met has highest (5.039%) whereas GCG anti-codon of tRNA Arg has lowest (0.004%) abundance. However, when we compared the anti-codon frequencies according to the tRNA isotypes, we found tRNA Leu (7.808%) has highest abundance followed by tRNA Ser (7.668%) and tRNA Gly (7.523%). Similarly, suppressor tRNA (0.036%) has lowest abundance followed by tRNA Sec (0.066%) and tRNA His (2.109). The genome of Ipomoea nil, Papaver somniferum , and Zea mays encoded the highest number of anti-codons (isoacceptor) at 59 each whereas the genome of Ostreococcus tauri was found to encode only 18 isoacceptors. The tRNA Sec genes undergone losses more frequently than duplication and we found that tRNA Sec showed anti-codon switch during the course of evolution. Conclusion The anti-codon table of the plant tRNA will enable us to understand the synonymous codon usage of the plant kingdom and can be very helpful to understand which codon is preferred over other during the translation.
Prognostic Significance of Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase-2 Expressions in Human Breast Carcinoma: A Multiomic Approach

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2) plays a pivotal role in inflammation and carcinogenesis in human breast cancer. Our aim of the study is to find the prognostic value of PTGS2 in breast cancer. We conducted a multiomic analysis to determine whether PTGS2 functions as a prognostic biomarker in human breast cancer. We explored PTGS2 mRNA expressions using different public bioinformatics portals. Oncomine, Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE), GEPIA, ULCAN, PrognoScan database, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, bc-GenExMiner, USC XENA, and Cytoscape/STRING DB were used to identify the prognostic roles of PTGS2 in breast cancer. Based on the clinicopathological analysis, decreased PTGS2 expressions correlated positively with older age, lymph node status, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status (P < .0001), estrogen receptor (ER+) expression (P < .0001) Luminal A (P < .0001), and Luminal B (P < .0001). Interestingly, progesterone receptor (PR) (P < .0001) negative showed a high expression of PTGS2. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues than in normal tissues. In the PrognoScan database and, Kaplan-Meier Scanner, downregulated expressions of PTGS2 associated with poor overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and distant metastasis-free survival. The methylation levels were significantly higher in the Luminal B subtype. Through oncomine coexpressed gene analysis, we found a positive correlation between PTGS2 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in breast cancer tissues. These results indicate that downregulated expressions of PTGS2 can be used as a promising prognostic biomarker and Luminal B hyper methylation may play an important role in the development of breast cancers. However, to clarify our results, extensive study is required.
A Strict Target for Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol May not Be Necessary for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in All Elderly Patients With Dyslipidemia

According to the Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for the Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2017, standard statin therapy for hyper-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol cholesterolemia in elderly patients may be effective for the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease, as in non-elderly adults. On the other hand, high-intensity statin therapy may not be recommended in all elderly cardiovascular disease patients with dyslipidemia, and particularly in elderly patients aged ≥ 85 years. In any case, tailor-made medical care with use of statin is required that matches the background of each patient.
Intelligent Mobile Electronic Nose System Comprising a Hybrid Polymer-Functionalized Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor Array

We devised a low-cost mobile electronic nose (e-nose) system using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor array functionalized with various polymer-based thin active films (i.e., polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), and poly(vinyl acetate)). It works based on the gravimetric detection principle, where the additional mass of the adsorbed molecules on the polymer surface can induce QCM resonance frequency shifts. To collect and process the obtained sensing data sets, a multichannel data acquisition (DAQ) circuitry was developed and calibrated using a function generator resulting in a device frequency resolution of 0.5 Hz. Four prepared QCM sensors demonstrated various sensitivity levels with high reproducibility and consistency under exposure to seven different volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Moreover, two types of machine learning algorithms (i.e., linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine models) were employed to differentiate and classify those tested analytes, in which classification accuracies of up to 98 and 99% could be obtained, respectively. This high-performance e-nose system is expected to be used as a versatile sensing platform for performing reliable qualitative and quantitative analyses in complex gaseous mixtures containing numerous VOCs for early disease diagnosis and environmental quality monitoring.
A definition of the Goniurosaurus yingdeensis group (Squamata, Eublepharidae) with the description of a new species

Abstract A definition of the Goniurosaurus yingdeensis group is presented in this study, on the basis of morphological and phylogenetic analyses based on a series of additional specimens. Moreover, a new species of this group, Goniurosaurus variussp. nov., is proposed for northern Guangdong Province, China. The new species can be distinguished from the other two congeners of this group by the following unique characters: one or two internasals; enlarged supraorbital tubercles absent; paravertebral tubercles between limb insertions 27–29; dorsal tubercle rows at midbody 21–24; ten precloacal pores in males and absent in females; body bands with black spots; iris orange-red.
Photo- et biotransformation de trois herbicides de type phenyluree : structure, synthese et ecotoxicite des intermediaires, etudes sur le terrain

Ce travail porte sur l'etude de la photo- et bio-transformation, en conditions controlees de laboratoire, de trois herbicides de type phenyluree (presentant des substitutions differentes sur le noyau aromatique) : diuron, chlorotoluron et isoproturon. La faible solubilite dans l'eau de ces herbicides leur confere en effet une grande remanence sur le sol, ou ils subissent alors l'action de la lumiere solaire et des micro-organismes. Les essais de phototransformation ont ete realises en milieu aqueux et apres dispersion sur du sable. La biodegradation a ete etudiee avec des micro-organismes commerciaux (banque de souches) ou isoles de sols traites avec des herbicides de type phenyluree. Ces etudes mettent en evidence une disparition des trois herbicides avec formation de composes intermediaires isoles et identifies par ms et rmn. Ces derives ont alors ete synthetises afin de confirmer leur structure mais aussi d'evaluer leur ecotoxicite a l'aide de quatre biotests (test microtox - biotests utilisant deux protozoaires cilies : tetrahymena pyriformis et spirostomum teres). D'apres ces biotests, les produits de degradation paraissent plus toxiques que la molecule mere. Dans le cas du diuron, nous nous sommes donc interesses a leur biotransformation. Afin d'evaluer l'importance dans l'environnement de ces trois herbicides et de la plupart de leurs produits de degradation, nous avons mis au point une methode d'analyse de traces applicable a ces composes. Nous avons ainsi pu analyser des echantillons d'eaux naturelles preleves sur la zone de captage de lac greifensee (collaboration avec eawag - zurich - suisse).
R ∗ : A Robust MCMC Convergence Diagnostic with Uncertainty Using Decision Tree Classifiers

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) has transformed Bayesian model inference over the past three decades: mainly because of this, Bayesian inference is now a workhorse of applied scientists. Under general conditions, MCMC sampling converges asymptotically to the posterior distribution, but this provides no guarantees about its performance in finite time. The predominant method for monitoring convergence is to run multiple chains and monitor individual chains' characteristics and compare these to the population as a whole: if within-chain and between-chain summaries are comparable, then this is taken to indicate that the chains have converged to a common stationary distribution. Here, we introduce a new method for diagnosing convergence based on how well a machine learning classifier model can successfully discriminate the individual chains. We call this convergence measure $R^*$. In contrast to the predominant $\widehat{R}$, $R^*$ is a single statistic across all parameters that indicates lack of mixing, although individual variables' importance for this metric can also be determined. Additionally, $R^*$ is not based on any single characteristic of the sampling distribution; instead it uses all the information in the chain, including that given by the joint sampling distribution, which is currently largely overlooked by existing approaches. We recommend calculating $R^*$ using two different machine learning classifiers - gradient-boosted regression trees and random forests - which each work well in models of different dimensions. Because each of these methods outputs a classification probability, as a byproduct, we obtain uncertainty in $R^*$. The method is straightforward to implement and could be a complementary additional check on MCMC convergence for applied analyses.
Achene micromorphology and its taxonomic significance in some species in Taraxacum sect. Palustria (Asteraceae)

Abstract The genus Taraxacum is one of the largest and taxonomically most complicated apomictic genera. Currently, it is considered to consist of over 2800 species placed within 60 sections. Due to the large number of species, and their uniform morphological design and plasticity of leaves, the identification of plants at the species level is challenging even for specialists. This problem significantly hinders the study of their properties and the rational use of these valuable medicinal and nutritional plants. This paper presents the results of research on the morphology and micromorphology of achenes of 28 Taraxacum species of sect. Palustria and for comparison one species per section of: Erythrosperma, Naevosa, Piesis, and Taraxacum. The achenes were measured with a stereoscopic microscope and a biometric program, and micromorphological studies were performed by scanning electron microscopy. It has been shown that traits associated with achene morphology and micromorphology have a high diagnostic value, allowing us to distinguish sections as well as species within the sect. Palustria. Based on the examined achene features, a dichotomous key for determining the studied species was constructed.
Emerging Role of Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor in the world and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with the liver as the most common site of distant metastasis. The prognosis of CRC with liver metastasis is poor, and most patients cannot undergo surgery. In addition, conventional antitumor approaches such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and surgery result in unsatisfactory outcomes. In recent years, immunotherapy has shown good prospects in the treatment of assorted tumors by enhancing the host’s antitumor immune function, and it may become a new effective treatment for liver metastasis of CRC. However, challenges remain in applying immunotherapy to CRC with liver metastasis. This review examines how the microenvironment and immunosuppressive landscape of the liver favor tumor progression. It also highlights the latest research advances in immunotherapy for colorectal liver metastasis and identifies immunotherapy as a treatment regimen with a promising future in clinical applications.