Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biphenotypic bigenotypic lymphoma with simultaneous expression of PAX5/BSAP and B‐ and T‐cell markers

Lymphomas are currently categorized according to their origin from a B or T lymphocyte. Immature and less commonly mature (peripheral) lymphomas may harbor rearrangements of both the B‐ and T‐cell antigen receptor genes (dual genotype or bigenotype). Rarely, cells in lymphoma with a single genotype simultaneously express both B‐ and T‐cell markers (biphenotypic lymphomas). We discuss the diagnostic and clinical implications in the case of a 42‐yr‐old female with a peripheral CD30+ lymphoma that displayed both characteristic B‐ and T‐cell surface antigens and clonal rearrangement of B‐ and T‐cell antigen receptor gene loci. Simultaneous nuclear expression of the transcription factor gene PAX5 suggested that this major driver of B‐cell differentiation did not preclude expression of CD3ε, generally assumed to be a T‐cell associated antigen.
The Scientific Image of Music Theory

If music theory is to be taken seriously, and we think it should, then it must clarify the nature of music and thereby guide our musical activities, whether they be performance, composition or historical research. ' Music theory must also be a rational pursuit. By 'rational' we mean nothing arcane, merely that theory helps us illuminate, elucidate, understand or explain music. We describe these acts as rational only to contrast them with mystical and emotive acts, such as worshiping, being moved by, or becoming one with. Now, although music theory may be rational, it is not immediately obvious how it fulfills this demand. Indeed, there is remarkably little concensus among theorists about what the goals and methods of the discipline should be. Some believe that music theory ought to model itself on the sciences; they claim that it can and should aspire to the rigorous methods and precise terminologies that have made science so successful in accounting for the world around us. They insist that it is only by applying scientific paradigms to well-defined phenomena, that music theory can be truly explanatory. Others, however, support a quite different view; though unwilling to deny rational methods altogether, they are reluctant to conspire with the physicist and the biologist. Instead, they maintain that while scientific
Analysis of a New Reduced Switch Nine Level Inverter

The multi level inverter system is mostly used in ac drives, when both reduced harmonic contents and high power are required. In this paper a new topology of multilevel inverter is introduced. This type has many steps with less power electronic switches. Due to the less number of switches the cost of the inverter is very less and also less installation area is required. Firstly, we describe briefly the structural parts of the inverter then switching strategy and operational principles of the proposed inverter are explained and operational topologies are given. Simulation is performed using MATLAB SIMULINK. Various PWM techniques are applied to the circuit such as PDPWM, PODPWM, APODPWM, VFPWM and COPWM. By comparing among the PWM techniques, PODPWM provide the less THD value and COPWM provide a higher fundamental RMS output voltage.
Thalamic connections of architectonic subdivisions of temporal cortex in grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis)

The temporal cortex of grey squirrels contains three architectonically distinct regions. One of these regions, the temporal anterior (Ta) region has been identified in previous physiological and anatomical studies as containing several areas that are largely auditory in function. Consistent with this evidence, Ta has architectonic features that are internally somewhat variable, but overall sensory in nature. In contrast, the caudally adjoining temporal intermediate region (Ti) has architectonic features that suggest higher order and possibly multisensory processing. Finally, the most caudal region, composed of previously defined temporal medial (Tm) and temporal posterior (Tp) fields, again has more of the appearance of sensory cortex. To understand their functional roles better, we injected anatomical tracers into these regions to reveal their thalamic connections. As expected, the dorsal portion of Ta, containing two primary or primary‐like auditory areas, received inputs from the ventral and magnocellular divisions of the auditory medial geniculate complex (MGv and MGm). The most caudal region, Tm plus Tp, received inputs from the large visual pulvinar of squirrels, possibly accounting for the sensory architectonic characteristics of this region. However, Tp additionally receives inputs from the magnocellular (MGm) and dorsal (MGd) divisions of the medial geniculate complex, implicating Tp in multisensory processing. Finally, the middle region, Ti, had auditory inputs from MGd and MGm, but not from the visual pulvinar, providing evidence that Ti has higher order auditory functions. The results indicate that the architectonically distinct regions of temporal cortex of squirrels are also functionally distinct. Understanding how temporal cortex is functionally organized in squirrels can guide interpretations of temporal cortex organization in other rodents in which architectonic subdivisions are not as obvious. J. Comp. Neurol. 510:440–461, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adolescents' Perceptions of Smoking and Stress Reduction

The present study examined how adolescents perceive the relationship between smoking and stress and where they learn that smoking cigarettes may be an effective stress-reduction mechanism. Eight focus groups were conducted with low-income African American and European American 14- to 16-year-olds in urban and rural locations, in which they suggested that the primary reasons why they smoked—namely, as a coping mechanism (to calm nerves), for social acceptance, and because of environmental influences. Family issues, boyfriend/girlfriend problems, and school were common stressors. Although participants overwhelmingly believed that people smoke to reduce their stress, a few believed that cigarettes do not actually reduce stress. When asked for examples of smoking in popular media, teens predominantly generated examples of individuals smoking to reduce stress. Ethnic and gender differences were found among the types of media in which they had seen smoking, their opinions of anti-smoking messages, and the media's perceived influence.
Studies in Islamic Mysticism

Part I: Abu Sa'id Ibn Abi 'l-khayr Part II. The Perfect Man: 1. Essence, attribute, and name 2. The descent of the absolute 3. The essence as God 4. The heavenly man 5. The macrocosm 6. The return to the essence 7. Religion, revelation and prophecy Appendix I: Jili's 'Ayniyya Appendix II: some notes on the Fususu 'l-Hikam Part III: The Odes of Ibnu 'l-Farid Indices.
D ec 2 00 3 Information-Theoretic Determination of Ponderomotive Forces

Abstract From the equilibrium condition δS = 0 applied to an isolated thermodynamic system of electrically charged particles and the fundamental equation of thermodynamics (dU = TdS − (f · dr)) subject to a new procedure, it is obtained the Lorentz’s force together with non-inertial terms of mechanical nature. Other well known ponderomotive forces, like the Stern-Gerlach’s force and a force term related to the Einstein-de Haas’s effect are also obtained. In addition, a new force term appears, possibly related to a change in weight when a system of charged particles is accelerated.
The Applicability of Individualized Programed Instruction in the Education of Deaf Children

Averitable flood of individualized programed instructional material has reached the market in the last 12 months. Its range is wide, from elementary arithmetic to college statistics, from beginning spelling and reading to the understanding of poetry, from contract bridge to dress-making. Falconer (1961), Fehr (1962), and Birch and Stuckless (1963) have reported studies using programed procedures to teach some aspect of language to deaf children, and undoubtedly many teachers across the country are experimenting in their classrooms with new procedures, new methods, and new materials of their own devising or adapting those prepared for hearing children because they are not satisfied with the results of conventional teaching procedures. Research literature in the education of the deaf abounds with reports of their language deficiencies. We learn from these studies that the deaf display (a) a rigidity in the use of sentence structure and a lack of flexibility in their organization, (b) a restriction in the use of abstract terms and a general paucity of vocabulary, and (c) a greatly depressed ability to read comprehendingly. The investigators, in accounting for these deficiencies, point their fingers at the kind of teaching the deaf receive. But they present no positive suggestions as to how the teaching could be improved or revised. Therefore. it
Comparison of Breast Cancer to Healthy Control Tissue Discovers Novel Markers with Potential for Prognosis and Early Detection

This study was initiated to identify biomarkers with potential value for the early detection of poor-outcome breast cancer. Two sets of well-characterized tissues were utilized: one from breast cancer patients with favorable vs. poor outcome and the other from healthy women undergoing reduction mammaplasty. Over 46 differentially expressed genes were identified from a large list of potential targets by a) mining publicly available expression data (identifying 134 genes for quantitative PCR) and b) utilizing a commercial PCR array. Three genes show elevated expression in cancers with poor outcome and low expression in all other tissues, warranting further investigation as potential blood markers for early detection of cancers with poor outcome. Twelve genes showed lower expression in cancers with poor outcome than in cancers with favorable outcome but no differential expression between aggressive cancers and most healthy controls. These genes are more likely to be useful as prognostic tissue markers than as serum markers for early detection of aggressive disease. As a secondary finding was that, when histologically normal breast tissue was removed from a distant site in a breast with cancer, 7 of 38 specimens displayed a cancer-like expression profile, while the remaining 31 were genetically similar to the reduction mammaplasty control group. This finding suggests that some regions of ipsilateral histologically ‘normal’ breast tissue are predisposed to becoming malignant and that normal-appearing tissue with malignant signature might warrant treatment to prevent new primary tumors.
LA MICROSCOPÍA Y LA BELLEZA DE LA CIENCIA EN EL APRENDIZAJE DE LA HISTOLOGÍA.

Introduccion : La estetica y la belleza son elementos importantes en la observacion microscopica, que tiene un papel importante en la motivacion de los estudiantes. La alta definicion y una claridad de imagen facilita n el estudio y la comprension de la histologia. La nocion de tejido sigue siendo una herramienta util para conocer la estructura microscopica del cuerpo y su relacion con la funcion y la lesion patologica. Objetivos : En un curso practico de la histologia, los estudiantes deben adquirir las siguientes habilidades: (I) Reconocer las caracteristicas microscopicas de las principales celulas, tejidos y organos del cuerpo, (II) conocer de forma elemental, la relacion entre la estructura microscopica y su funcion, y (III) familiarizarse con la apariencia microscopica normal de las celulas, tejidos y organos en condiciones diferentes. El problema emergente es la forma de adquirir estas habilidades? Desarrollo : El entorno de laboratorio disenado para envolver a los estudiantes en el proceso de hacer y cuestionar la ciencia, exponerlos a diversas tecnicas histologicas experimentales. Debido la revolucion digital que ha ocurrido en las ultimas decadas, nuevas herramientas se han aplicado en la ensenanza de la histologia. El uso de programas de computadora que ayudan a los estudios en los microscopios de luz es una tecnologia emergente en la educacion. Conclusiones : Enfatizamos la importancia de la colaboracion entre las metodologias convencionales utilizados hasta ahora en el aprendizaje de la biologia de los tejidos, con los nuevos metodos proporcionados por las tecnologias mas avanzadas.
Estrategias focadas na rede de valor: uma analise das empresas produtoras de eventos

El proposito de este articu lo es mostrar que las empresas que compiten dentro de las industrias dinamicas no lo hacen con una unica estrategia. En vez de eso , las empresas buscan estrategias basadas tanto en la cadena de valor como en la red de valor . Se realizo una encuesta con 47 empresas de eventos con sede en la ciudad de S a o Paulo. Descubrimos a cinco grupos distintos de empresas que se gu ian diferentes estrategias. Los resultados refuerzan la hipotesis y el Modelo Delta de Hax y Wilde II (2001) , particularmente en el caso del se ctor de eventos, en que las empresas estan migrando para estrategias basadas en la red de valor. Las contribuciones d el estudio par a la gestion se relacionan con el desafio para que la s empresa s de evento aprend an a adoptar diferentes posiciones estrategic as , basa das tanto en la cadena de valor como en la red de valor , como medio de conquistar y mantener las ventajas competitivas en los mercados dinamicos
Comparative study of concentration of isoflavones and lignans in plasma and prostatic tissues of normal control and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE Isoflavones and lignans are phytoestrogens that have recently gained interest as dietary factors related to prostatic diseases. However, no data on the concentrations in prostate tissue in humans is available. Therefore, the concentrations of isoflavones and lignans in plasma and prostatic tissues according to the prostate volume were compared to determine their possible effect on the benign prostatic growth. METHODS Fasting plasma and prostatic tissue specimens were acquired from 25 men over 50 years of age with similar normal dietary habits and no previous history of drug intake that could affect the isoflavones and lignans levels. The tissue was acquired either during a transurethral resection of the prostate in 15 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with prostate volume over 40 ml or during a radical cystoprostatectomy in 10 patients with bladder cancer with a prostate volume < 25 ml, who were used as the controls. Quantitative analysis of the isoflavones, specifically equol, daidzein and genistein and lignans, particularly enterodiol and enterolactone, was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The mean prostatic concentrations of enterodiol, enterolactone, equol and daidzein in the BPH and the control groups were similar. However, the mean prostatic concentration of genistein was significantly lower in the BPH group than in the control group (65.43 +/- 17.05 vs 86.96 +/- 37.75 ng/ ml, respectively, p=0.032). The plasma concentration of isoflavones and lignans in the two groups were comparable. CONCLUSION Isoflavones, but not lignans, have some influence the benign prostatic growth, and the prostatic concentration of genistein possibly has the closest association among them. More studies to further clarify the roles and mechanisms of isoflavone action on BPH including pharmacokinetic studies are recommended.
Electrically small magneto-dielectric coated VHF monopole antenna

Magneto-dielectric material is developed for the design of electrically small monopole antenna at the VHF band. It has very promising property of permeability and permittivity to realize antenna height reduction factor of less than 1/4. The designed electrically small magneto-dielectric coated VHF monopole antenna, with its height of 250 mm, can operate at 71.14 MHz with good matching to 50Ω SMA connector.
Development and function of diabetogenic T-cells in B-cell-deficient nonobese diabetic mice.

Insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1 diabetes) in the NOD mouse is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. However, B-cells may also play a critical role in disease pathogenesis, as genetically B-cell-deficient NOD mice (NOD.microMT) have been shown to be protected from type 1 diabetes and to display reduced responses to certain islet autoantigens. To examine the requirements for B-cells in the development of type 1 diabetes, we generated a B-cell-naive T-cell repertoire by transplantation of NOD fetal thymuses (FTs) into NOD.scid recipients. Surprisingly, these FT-derived NOD T-cells were diabetogenic in 36% of NOD.scid recipients, despite the absence of B-cells. In addition, T-cells isolated from NOD.microMT mice were diabetogenic in 22% of NOD.scid recipients. Together, these results indicate that B-cells are not an absolute requirement for the generation or effector function of an islet-reactive T-cell repertoire in NOD mice. We suggest that conditions favoring rapid lymphocyte expansion can reveal autoreactive T-cell activity and precipitate disease in genetically susceptible individuals.
A Formalism for Visual Query Interface Design

The massive volumes and the huge variety of large knowledge bases make information exploration and analysis difficult. An important activity is data filtering and selection, in which both querying and visualization play important roles. Interfaces for data exploration environments normally include both, integrating them as tightly as possible. But many features of information exploration environments, such as visual representation of queries, visualization of query results, interactive data selection from visualizations, have only been studied separately. The intrinsic connections between them have not been described formally. The lack of formal descriptions inhibits the development of techniques that produce new representations for queries, and natural integration of visual query specification with query result visualization. This thesis describes a formalism that describes the basic components of information exploration and and their relationships in information exploration environments. The key aspect of the formalism is that it unifies querying and visualization within a single framework, which provides a foundation for designing and analysing visual query interfaces. Various innovative designs of visual query representations can be derived from the formalism. Simply comparing them with existing ones is not enough, it is more important to discover why one visual representation is better or worse than another. To do this it is necessary to understand users’ cognitive activities, and to know how these cognitive activities are enhanced or inhibited by different presentations of a query so that novel interfaces can be created and improved based on user testing. This thesis presents a new experimental methodology for evaluating query representations, which uses stimulus onset asynchrony to separate different aspects of query comprehension. This methodology was used to evaluate a new visual query representation based on Karnaugh maps, and showing that there are two qualitatively different approaches to comprehension: deductive and inductive. The Karnaugh map representation scales extremely well with query complexity, and the experiment shows that its good scaling properties occur because it strongly facilitates inductive comprehension.
Regulation of Immune Complexes Binding of Macrophages by Pectic Polysaccharide from Bupleurum falcatum L.: Pharmacological Evidence for the Requirement of Intracellular Calcium/Calmodulin on Fc Receptor Up‐regulation by Bupleuran 2IIb

The pectic polysaccharide, bupleuran 2IIb, up‐regulates Fc‐receptor (FcR) expression on peritoneal macrophages in a dose‐dependent manner. The intracellular signal transduction by bupleuran 2IIb leading to the expression of FcR was studied.
Robustness of Random Scale-Free Networks against Cascading Failure under Edge Attacks

The effect of two different edge attacks on the robustness of random scale-free networks against cascading failure is investigated by establishing a cascading failure model for random scale-free networks. In this model, the initial load of an edge is defined as a nonlinear function of the product of the betweenness of its end nodes with an adjustable parameter, and the local preferential redistribution rule is applied to assign the broken edge’s load. An interesting conclusion is reached through theoretical analyses and numerical simulations: there is a threshold of the load parameter. When the value of the load parameter is larger than this threshold, attacking the edges with the higher load can result in larger cascading failures; while for the case of the parameter value smaller than the threshold, attacking the edges with the lower load will be more likely to lead to global collapse. Furthermore, the threshold value has a close relation with the degree exponent of the network. This work will be not only helpful to protect the key edges selected effectively to resist the cascading failure, but also useful in the design of high-robustness networks in order to stand against all kinds of attacks.
Low Voltage NVGTM: A New High Performance 3V/5V Flash Technology for Portable Computing and Telecommunications Applications

A new concept for a low voltage NOR Virtual Ground (NVGTM) Flash array with a fast access time is introduced. New array concepts and process technologies are introduced to achieve programming by 5V Vpp and reading at 3V +/-10% Vcc. The array performance is enhanced by segmentation and using extra access transistor for each segment. The control of the erased cell threshold voltage distribution is one of the key issues for the 3V read operation in low voltage flash. This problem is minimized by a new erase scheme and self recovering erase techniques.
Mechanical causes of osteoarthritis in young adults

Femoroacetabular impingement is a very common cause of secondary osteoarthritis (OA) in the young adult. It is an important co-factor in the better recognized prearthritic deformities such as residual hip dysplasia (RHD), Perthes disease and slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Another subgroup of patients has isolated malrotation of the hip joint and/or reduced femoral head-neck offset causing femoroacetabular impingement and chronic hip joint pain. Special clinical tests and imaging modalities can identify these patients at an early stage when they have little or no OA. The common biomechanical pathway for deformities causing chronic femoroacetabular impingement is local damage of the capsular-labrum complex and the cartilage. Understanding the anatomy, biomechanics and pathophysiology of these conditions of the hip joint is a prerequisite for planning treatment.
Phenotype, hormonal profile and genotype of subjects with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome: report of a family with four adult males and one child with disorder of sexual differentiation

There is little information on the molecular basis of intrafamilial and inter‐familial phenotypic heterogeneity with the same androgen receptor (AR) mutation in patients with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. A genetic analysis was performed in a large kindred with ambiguous genitalia and the genotype–phenotype correlations were analysed. The index case was brought for sex assignment. Family history revealed four other affected members who had hypospadias and varying degrees of virilisation. All the affected males had hemizygous mutations in the third exon of the AR gene (A596T). One was also found to have a heterozygous mutation in the fourth exon of the 5 alpha reductase type 2 gene (G196S). This affected male with double mutations was better virilised compared with the other affected members with a single mutation. The degree of virilisation correlated with serum testosterone levels. Gynaecomastia was not present in any of these subjects. It is concluded that the subject with dual gene defects also had higher levels of testosterone and pubertal virilsation. Testosterone levels possibly govern the degree of pubertal virilisation in subjects with A596T gene defects. It is not clear whether the better pubertal virilsation and higher testosterone are in any way causally related to the SRD5A2 gene defect.