Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Third ventricular colloid cyst.

VITAL SIGNS Vital signs were stable and within reference limits for age. Clinical examination demonstrated photophobia, but no focal neurological deficits were identified. Computed tomography (CT) of the head without contrast was performed. A rounded 1.5 1.5-cm hyperattenuating lesion was present within the superior third ventricle, at the level of the foramina of Monro, with associated symmetric dilatation of the lateral ventricles (Fig. 1). Subsequently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was obtained, which redemonstrated this lesion, but with more conspicuous transependymal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, in addition to dilatation of the lateral ventricles (Fig. 2). Findings were consistent with a third ventricle colloid cyst and associated obstructive hydrocephalus.
A machine learning approach to identifying process instance and activity

An illuminated message or design is displayed on the surface of an inner container for viewing through an outer container. Light emitting diodes are placed under the outer container, and near its perimeter, allowing the light to be directly introduced into the peripheral wall cavity formed between the inner container and outer container. This allows optimal utilization of the light for lighting the inner container surface generally, and for directing a portion of the light to the inner container's bottom edge for entrapment within the inner container peripheral wall. The entrapped light is transmitted through the inner container peripheral wall until the light encounters a nonconformity that redirects the light outwardly through the outer container. Varying inner container shapes interact with the light and create several distinct light mantles.
Ian Sussex: simple tools, clever experiments and new insights into plant development

Ian Sussex, who began his career at a time when the most powerful tool available to plant developmental biologists was a scalpel, helped transform the discipline of plant developmental biology into the dynamic, sophisticated field that it is today. He did this through his own research, through an influential book that he wrote with his friend and colleague Taylor Steeves, and through his many students and post-doctoral fellows, to whom he gave the greatest gift a scientist can receive – the freedom to do whatever they wanted. Summary: This Spotlight article looks back at the research career of Ian Sussex, who helped transform the discipline of plant developmental biology into the dynamic, sophisticated field that it is today.
Razi’s Al-Hawi and saffron (Crocus sativus): a review

Traditional knowledge can be used as a source for development of new medicines. In the present study, we compare the data on saffron in Razi’s Al-Hawi book with modern scientific studies. A computerized search of published articles was performed using MEDLINE, Scopus as well as native references. The search terms used were saffron, Crocus sativus, crocetin, crocin, safranal, Razi, and Al-Hawi. A variety of properties of saffron including diuretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, appetite suppressant, hypnotic, antidepressant, and bronchodilator effects were mentioned in Al-Hawi. Modern studies also confirmed most of these characteristics. This review indicates that the pharmacological data on saffron and its constituents are similar to those found in Razi’s Al-Hawi monograph and it can be concluded that ethnobotanical information and ancient sources have precious data about medicinal plants that lead to finding new compounds for treatment of several diseases.
A Scalable Hierarchical Semi-Separable Library for Heterogeneous Clusters

We present a scalable distributed memory library for generating and computations involving structured dense matrices, such as those produced by boundary integral equation formulations. Such matrices are dense, but have special structure that can be exploited to obtain efficient storage and matrix-vector product evaluations and consequently the fast solution of linear systems. At the core of the methods we use is the observation that off-diagonal matrix blocks of such matrices have a low numerical rank, and that this property can be exploited in a multi-level fashion. In this work we focus on the Hierarchically Semi-Separable (HSS) representation. We present algorithms for building and using HSS representations that are parallelized using MPI and CUDA to leverage state-of-the-art heterogeneous clusters. The efficiency of our methods and implementation is demonstrated on large dense matrices obtained from a boundary integral equation formulation of the Laplace equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We demonstrate excellent (linear) scalability on up to 128 GPUs on 128 nodes. Our codes will lay the foundation for fast direct solvers for elliptic problems.
Microscale structural model of Alzheimer Aβ(1–40) amyloid fibril

Amyloid fibril formation and characterization are crucial due to their association with severe degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, type II diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease. Here we present an atomistic-based multiscale analysis, utilized to predict the structure of Alzheimer Aβ(1–40) fibrils. Our study provides a structural model of amyloid fibers with lengths of hundreds of nanometers at atomistic resolution. We report a systematic analysis of the energies, structural changes and H-bonding for varying fibril lengths, elucidating their size dependent properties. Our model predicts the formation of twisted amyloid microfibers with a periodicity of ≈82 nm, in close agreement with experimental results.
New chaotic attractors and sliding mode control of rigid-body rotation dynamical system

Several new chaotic attractors were found from the Euler's dynamical equation which describes the rotation motion of a perturbed rigid body. Proposed new chaotic attractors not only include double-core chaotic attractors, like as Lorenz (Chen, Lu, and Leipnik-Newton) attractors, but also single-core chaotic attractors like as Rössler attractor. A sliding mode control method with input nonlinearity is applied to this class of chaotic dynamical system to suppress the chaos and regulate the state trajectory of this system to the given fixed point.
Classification of psychotic symptoms in dementia sufferers

Little attention has been payed to the classification of psychotic symptoms in dementia sufferers. This article compares the etiology of delusions, visual hallucinations and delusional misidentification and examines the value of factors generated from principal components analysis as a possible classificatory system in a group of 125 patients with DSM‐III‐R dementia in contact with clinical services who were prospectively evaluated using standardized instruments to describe in detail individual psychotic symptoms. The assessment also included the Geriatric Mental State Schedule, the History and Aetiology Schedule and the CAMCOG. Delusions and visual hallucinations had a distinct cognitive profile as did delusions and delusional misidentification, although there was an overlap between visual hallucinations and delusional misidentification. Four factors were generated from principal components analysis. Three of these closely mirrored the 3 symptom groups delusions, visual hallucinations and delusional misidentification, although the phantom‐boarder delusion was correlated with the visual hallucination factor and not delusional misidentification. The fourth factor included visual hallucinations of relatives and delusions that relatives were in the house. This factor was strongly inversely associated with emotional distress and could perhaps best be seen as a comfort phenomena. The pattern of cognitive deficits and etiological associations of each of the factors were independent of one another, supporting the notion that it is useful to consider them as separate entities.
Gender Differences in Substance Abuse Treatment and Barriers to Care Among Persons With Substance Use Disorders With and Without Comorbid Major Depression

Objectives:To compare substance use disorders (SUD) treatment patterns and barriers to such treatment among men and women with SUD with and without comorbid major depressive episodes (MDE) in a community sample. Methods:Using data from adult participants in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2005–2010, we investigated differences by sex in the association of MDE comorbidity with SUD on patterns of, perceived unmet need for, and the perceived barriers to SUD treatments. Results:Compared with participants with SUD without MDE, both men and women with comorbid SUD and MDE were more likely to use SUD services or to report an unmet need for such treatment. Sex modified the association of comorbidity and treatment patterns: males with MDE comorbidity had a greater likelihood of emergency room visits and use of inpatient services than females. Barriers to substance treatment were remarkably similar for males and females in both the SUD without MDE group and with MDE group, with attitudinal factors being the most common barriers. Conclusions:Comorbidity with MDE seems to be an important predictor of service utilization and perceived need for SUD treatment in both men and women. The association of comorbidity with the use of some types of services, however, seems to vary according to sex. The findings have implications for the design of sex-specific SUD treatment programs.
Effects of Pro-Hyp, a Collagen Hydrolysate-Derived Peptide, on Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis Using in Vitro Cultured Synovium Cells and Oral Ingestion of Collagen Hydrolysates in a Guinea Pig Model of Osteoarthritis

Proline-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) stimulated hyaluronic acid production in cultured synovium cells. It was detected in guinea pig blood after oral ingestion of collagen hydrolysates. Oral administration of collagen hydrolysates increased the amount of proteoglycans in the epiphyses. It also reduced the morphological changes associated with osteoarthritic cartilage destruction of the knee joint. The results suggest that collagen hydrolysates have therapeutic potential for treatment of osteoarthritis.
Stress dependence and poly-pitch scaling characteristics of (110) PMOS drive current

This work demonstrates that the ~2times mobility advantage of (110) PMOS over (100) PMOS is maintained down to 190 nm liners poly-pitch for devices under compressive stress. (110) PMOS with 3.5 GPa compressively stressed liners demonstrate strong channel drives with Ion=800 muA/mum at Ioff=100 nA/mum (Vdd=10 V) for 190 nm poly-pitch, the highest reported to date for 45-nm-node (110) PMOS using conventional gate dielectrics without eSiGe stressors. Additionally, (110) PMOS show better scalability, with 15% smaller total Ion degradation than (100) PMOS when poly-pitch scales from 250 nm to 190 nm.
Probabilistic Plan Recognition Based on Algorithm of EG-Pruning

Some new concepts are introduced, including soft ordering constraint, hard ordering constraint and goal hypotheses sub-tree. All of these concepts together with the concept of supporting degree are incorporated into simple hierarchical (task decomposition) plan, thus results in extended hierarchy (task decomposition) plan. Using this extended hierarchical (task decomposition) plan as plan representation, we present a novel probabilistic algorithm of plan recognition. The core of our algorithm is EG-Pruning. The new algorithm infers the unobserved actions using the two kinds of ordering constraints defined above to extend EG and prunes the current EG by soft ordering constraints checking to make the set of goal hypotheses restricted. Then the probabilities of the goal hypotheses are computed to grade them. Finally, it extends the goal hypotheses sub-trees selected according to their probabilities to attain the whole plan hypotheses. Meanwhile, we have introduced the concept of supporting degree to make the recognition change reasonable with more evidence collected. Benefiting from these steps, our new algorithm clarifies a number of issues that were obscured by previous approaches. In particular, our approach can handle partial observation of domains, partially ordered plans and multiple, interleaved plans. Further, it is able to eliminate the Agent's misleading actions. The implementation of this algorithm will have a very considerable prospect in computer network security
Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy: A Pilot Intervention Program in Lima, Peru

This pilot study examined the effectiveness of standard care and an empowerment intervention for abused pregnant women. Severe psychological abuse was most prevalent (42.2%) among this sample of women. Compared with women in the standard care group at the postintervention survey, women in the empowerment group were more likely to hide money (44.6% vs. 34.3%), establish a code with family or friends (19.6% vs. 16.2%), ask neighbors to call police if violence began (6.9% vs. 1.0%), had available bank account numbers (17.1% vs. 3.1%), had valuable jewelry (8.4% vs. 3.8%), and had available a hidden bag with extra clothing (9.0% vs. 3.1%). However, there was no statistically significant difference in health-related quality of life, adoption of safety behaviors, and use of community resources between women in the two groups. Simply asking pregnant women about abuse and offering referral could potentially interrupt and prevent further abuse.
Towards blocks-based prototyping of web applications

The current generation of block languages, with its focus on teaching programming to novices, has not been designed for professionals. In this paper, we argue that blocks-based languages aimed at professional end-user developers face requirements that present challenges to the user interface design of such languages. We discuss three aspects that set potential professional use of block interfaces apart from educational use with children and students, and their implications for the design of blocks-based language editors. These aspects are that professionals: (1) require the editor to support high-productivity, (2) should not be limited by a simplified run-time environment, and (3) need the blocks editor to provide support for working with large programs. These three aspects provide research avenues for extending the usefulness of blocks-based language interfaces. We intend to explore these aspects with the design and development, of a blocks-based prototyping system for web designers. We report some preliminary results from an initial user experience-study in which 4th-year web design students were exposed to a blocks-based version of a language they already knew.
The Varying Risk Market Model: A Reexamination Based On Heteroskedastic Conditions and Other Statistical Robustness Tests

Bhardwaj and Brooks (1993) estimates of a varying risk market model indicate that betas of market value-ranked stock portfolios are larger in bull market months for small market value portfolios and smaller for large market value portfolios. This paper investigates the statistical robustness of these and other Bhardwaj and Brooks findings by examining multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroskedasticity diagnostics for the constant and varying risk models. Regressions and diagnostics for two equal subperiods of the Bhardwaj and Brooks regressions are also generated as a further robustness check. Evidence is provided that there is a significant difference in heteroskedasticity between bull and bear markets for the varying risk market model. Also, a G ARCH (I, I) model is proposed, after estimation, to account for the time-varying heteroskedasticity identified. Based on the diagnostics conducted, the varying risk market model is statistically robust.
DYNAMIC AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

One major problem in maintaining a software system is to understand how many functional features in the system and how these features are implemented. In this paper a novel approach for locating features in code by semantic and dynamic analysis is proposed. The method process consists of three steps: The first uses the execution traces as text corpus and the method calls involved in the traces as terms of document. The second ranks the method calls in order to filter out omnipresent methods by setting a threshold. And the third step treats feature-traces as first class entities and extracts identifiers from the rest method source code and a trace-by-identifier matrix is generated. Then a semantic analysis model-LDA is applied on the matrix to extract topics, which act as functional features. Through building several corresponding matrices, the relations between features and code can be obtained for comprehending the system functional intents. A case study is presented and the execution results of this approach can be used to guide future research.
Receiver Sense Multiple Access Protocol for Wireless Mesh Access Networks

In wireless mesh access networks, ad hoc and infrastructure modes are both used to support multi-hop data transmission from mesh clients to a mesh router. Traffic will accumulate along the paths towards the mesh router. So the mesh clients close to the router will have more data to transmit and these packets are more likely to collide with each other. In this paper, a contention-based medium access control (MAC) protocol, called receiver sense multiple access (RSMA), is proposed for the last-hop client-to-router communications. RSMA can minimize control packet collisions and achieve collision-free data packet transmissions. A rigorous mathematical model is developed for performance analysis in a scenario with hidden terminals. Our analytical results of throughput and delay performance are verified by computer simulations.
Understanding Farmer Perspectives on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation

Agriculture is vulnerable to climate change and a source of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Farmers face pressures to adjust agricultural systems to make them more resilient in the face of increasingly variable weather (adaptation) and reduce GHG production (mitigation). This research examines relationships between Iowa farmers’ trust in environmental or agricultural interest groups as sources of climate information, climate change beliefs, perceived climate risks to agriculture, and support for adaptation and mitigation responses. Results indicate that beliefs varied with trust, and beliefs in turn had a significant direct effect on perceived risks from climate change. Support for adaptation varied with perceived risks, while attitudes toward GHG reduction (mitigation) were associated predominantly with variation in beliefs. Most farmers were supportive of adaptation responses, but few endorsed GHG reduction, suggesting that outreach should focus on interventions that have adaptive and mitigative properties (e.g., reduced tillage, improved fertilizer management).
The significance of the fine structure of articular cartilage.

The collagen framework of articular cartilage is disposed, as in other connective tissues, to resist tension forces within the material. In this paper the fine structure of articular cartilage, as demonstrated by polarised light microscopy and electron microscopy, is related to the gross anatomy and to the naked eye changes of chondromalacia and fibrillation.
The effect of a Mediterranean diet model on serum beta-carotene concentration. A preliminary assessment.

BACKGROUND Some of the main nutritional reasons for recommending a Mediterranean diet is to prevent metabolic diseases arising through free radical formation. A key constituent compound is beta-carotene which, amongst the carotenoids, displays the greatest provitamin A activity as well as possessing significant antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVES Principally, to determine the relationship between serum beta-carotene levels and the effect of Mediterranean diet guidelines in a selected group of women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subject group consisted of 26 women aged 19-22 years. A nutritional assessment was performed using 3 day repeats of 24-hour recall interviews. A 9-point aMED (alternate Mediterranean Diet) score was used to study dietary habits. Serum beta-carotene was measured by liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA). RESULTS Beta-carotene dietary intake was highly variable, ranging from 734 to 14476 microg/day (median 3022 microg/day). Serum beta-carotene concentration ranged between 0.071-1.905 micromol/L (median 0.519 micromol/L) and was significantly associated with the Mediterranean Diet model (Spearman r = 0.633, p < 0.001). Out of the dietary sources of beta-carotene, consuming carrots had the most significant impact on its serum concentration. Other dietary factors positively affecting serum beta-carotene were: consumption of nuts and seeds, pulses, a favourable ratio of mono-unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and eating fruit and wholegrain cereal products. CONCLUSIONS Adopting a Mediterranean-based diet had a positive effect on increasing serum beta-carotene levels.
Realistic answer verification: An analysis of user errors in a sentence-repetition task

Speech authentication protocols should have a challenge/response feature to be protected against replay attacks. As a result, they need to verify whether the user responded to an interactive prompt. However, it is usually assumed that the user will provide their answer perfectly. In this paper, we report on an ecologically valid user study that we conducted to test this assumption. Our results show that 40% of user answers are imperfect, even in a task as simple as sentence repetition. Error analysis reveals that 60% of the imperfect answers contain small errors that should be deemed acceptable, which increases the total acceptance rate of this task to 84%. We also tested a forced alignment algorithm as a means of verifying answers automatically.
Design of Very Low Noise 4.2GHz Clapp VCOs

A fully integrated 4.2GHz single-ended clapp VCO is presented in 0.25mum CMOS technology. The PMOS-based VCO is voltage biased using an inductor to achieve higher swing and better phase noise. With an inductor Q of only 6.5, the VCO achieves a phase noise of -143.5dBc/Hz at 3MHz offset, resulting in a figure of merit of -188.9dBc/Hz.
Closed-form expression of the Maliuzhinets function using tanh-sinh quadrature rule

The Maliuzhinets function (MF) has been used for the diffraction problem of waves by a wedge with different face impedances. For a wedge with arbitrary angle, the Maliuzhinets function is cumbersome to compute which is a major limitation to the use of rigorous theory of diffraction in electromagnetic scattering by a wedge with impedance faces. In this work, an exact closed-form solution is obtained to evaluate a known integral representation of the MF. The tanh - sinh quadrature rule is employed to successfully calculate the integral in the Maliuzhinets function, and the highly accurate numerical computation for Ψn(z) is obtained over the entire complex z plane and for all n. For special wedge angles, the exact formulation is numerically verified by comparing it with the results obtained by numerical integration of the Maliuzhinets function.