Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FACTORS AFFECTING ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL DEPENDENCY OF WHEAT GENOTYPES WITH DIFFERENT PHOSPHORUS EFFICIENCIES

Three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with high, intermediate and low phosphorus (P) efficiency were grown in a pot experiment with low P supply and adequate P supply either inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus versiforme or uninoculated. The mycorrhizal dependency of the genotype with relatively high P efficiency was lower than that of the genotypes with lower P efficiencies. Linear correlation analysis revealed that mycorrhizal dependency was primarily controlled by P uptake efficiency. More carbohydrate was translocated to the roots of genotypes with low P efficiency than of those with high P efficiency. In a second pot experiment the same three genotypes were grown in low P soils. Higher hyphal length density arising from carbohydrate translocation led to more P uptake, and this may account for higher mycorrhizal dependency.
Function of the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 genes in leaf development of Arabidopsis

Summary: The ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1(AS1)and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2(AS2)genes of Arabidopsis thaliana are involved in the establishment of the leaf venation system, which includes the prominent midvein; as well as in the development of a symmetric flat lamina. Both AS1 and AS2 genes are involved in repression of class1 knox homeobox genes in leaves. We have characterized the AS2 gene, which appears to encode a novel protein with cysteine repeats(Cmotif), a conserved glycine residue, and a leucine-zipper-like sequence in the amino-terminal half of the primary sequence. The AS2 protein belongs to a novel family of proteins that we have designated the AS2 family. Overexpression of AS2 cDNA in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in upwardly curled leaves, which differed markedly from the downwardly curled leaves generated by loss-of-function mutation of AS2. Our results further suggest that AS2 functions to regulate the formation of a flat leaf lamina in the presence of the AS1 gene.
CT-Based Radiomics Signature for Preoperative Prediction of Coagulative Necrosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Objective The presence of coagulative necrosis (CN) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) indicates a poor prognosis, while the absence of CN indicates a good prognosis. The purpose of this study was to build and validate a radiomics signature based on preoperative CT imaging data to estimate CN status in ccRCC. Materials and Methods Altogether, 105 patients with pathologically confirmed ccRCC were retrospectively enrolled in this study and then divided into training (n = 72) and validation (n = 33) sets. Thereafter, 385 radiomics features were extracted from the three-dimensional volumes of interest of each tumor, and 10 traditional features were assessed by two experienced radiologists using triple-phase CT-enhanced images. A multivariate logistic regression algorithm was used to build the radiomics score and traditional predictors in the training set, and their performance was assessed and then tested in the validation set. The radiomics signature to distinguish CN status was then developed by incorporating the radiomics score and the selected traditional predictors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the predictive performance. Results The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the radiomics score, which consisted of 7 radiomics features, was 0.855 in the training set and 0.885 in the validation set. The AUC of the traditional predictor, which consisted of 2 traditional features, was 0.843 in the training set and 0.858 in the validation set. The radiomics signature showed the best performance with an AUC of 0.942 in the training set, which was then confirmed with an AUC of 0.969 in the validation set. Conclusion The CT-based radiomics signature that incorporated radiomics and traditional features has the potential to be used as a non-invasive tool for preoperative prediction of CN in ccRCC.
Orthogonal Schematization with Minimum Homotopy Area

Visualizing data in its geographic context is useful for exploration, analysis and communication. Thematic maps show data as layers on top of a base cartographic map. However, in many cases high accuracy of spatial locations is restrictive and only of secondary concern for visualization: the spatial dimension may be distorted to further emphasize the data itself. This process of simplifying beyond the needs of a target scale is called cartographic schematization [12], and is often accompanied by stylistic restrictions on the used geometric primitives. The prototypical example is the London Underground map with its iconic octilinear style. We typically distinguish schematization types based on the object to be schematized and the geometry restrictions. Objects are typically either graphs (e.g. transit networks) or polygons (e.g. territorial outlines such as countries). Geometry restrictions are often formulated via a set of admissible orientations [2, 11, 10], with orthogonal, hexilinear and octilinear being the most common, using angles that are a multiple of 90, 60 or 45 degrees. Alternatives include curves, popularized by Roberts [13], such as Bézier curves [6, 15] or circular arcs [7, 14, 15, 16]. Here we focus on orthogonal schematization of polygons. When schematizing polygons, there are two main quality criteria beyond using few geometric primitives [2]: (1) the result should be a simple polygon, if the input is simple; and (2) the result should resemble the input polygon, as the schematic often functions as a base map for thematic data. Requiring simplicity of the output often causes simplification and schematization problems to be NP-hard [1, 8, 9]. Moreover, the similarity measure used to capture resemblance has a large impact on the visual quality of the schematic. This schematic may also exhibit undesirable behavior when optimizing for a measure, even in the most restricted orthogonal case [2]. Both factors have led to various heuristics being developed to schematize polygons either enforcing simplicity [2] or permitting self-intersections [4].
Effect of koji fermentation on generation of volatile compounds in soy sauce production

Summary The generation of aroma compounds and the changes in sensory characteristics through the soy sauce koji fermentation were investigated to evaluate the crucial impact of the koji fermentation on soy sauce aroma. The sensory analysis showed a marked increase in ‘musty’ and ‘soy sauce-like’ odours, whereas the beany attribute decreased significantly during koji fermentation. Aldehydes and alcohols were the major volatile classes present in the koji samples. Gas chromatography–olfactometry was used to identify the aroma-active compounds in harvested koji, and the results showed that 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol, (E)-2-octenal, di-epi-α-cedrene, benzeneacetaldehyde and 3-(methylthio)-propanal exhibited the greatest aroma intensities in harvest koji. Moreover, relative contents of (E)-2-octenal, benzeneacetaldehyde, 3-(methylthio)-propanal and 2-phenylpropenal were found to be positively related to ‘musty’ and ‘soy sauce-like’ odours. Results from principal component analysis showed that the growth and sporulation of Aspergillus oryzae had the important impacts on the volatile evolution.
SUSTENANCE OF SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS, THE BASIS OF SOIL FERTILITY IN THE AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS: INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDE AND SOIL AMENDMENTS

Intensive agriculture has raised global concerns and has stimulated scientists worldwide to devise suitable agricultural management practices in order to achieve sustained soil fertility which support productivity in long term. Pesticides effect on soil microbial biomass that plays a key role in driving many ecosystem processes in the soil ecosystem is often argued and no clear cut information is available till date. Maintenance of soil microbial biomass is essential to sustain soil fertility. We critically evaluate the current evidences for this argument. Soil fertility maintenance involves considerable intervention in the research agenda. Most of studies done with pesticides are from laboratories or green house experiments; however the field conditions are inconspicuously lacking. There are a few studies indicating towards the soil fertility sustenance when pesticides are applied in combination with the soil amendments. We give recommendations to test the many other soil amendments that may be applied with different pesticides to see the possible ecological implications leading to designing of new eco-technologies to maintain and sustain the soil fertility.
University of Southern Denmark Absence of an osteopetrosis phenotype in IKBKG (NEMO) mutation-positive women

302 Word count: 5077 Tables: 6 Figures: 4 Corresponding author Anja Lisbeth Frederiksen, MD, PhD Dept. of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Sdr. Boulevard 29 DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark Phone: +45 65 41 17 25 Anja.Frederiksen@rsyd.dk ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Taxonomic Significance of Cellular Fatty Acid Composition in Some Coryneform Bacteria

A total of 76 strains of coryneform bacteria belonging to the genera Arthro-bacter, Brevibacterium, Caseobacter, Cellulomonas, Corynebacterium, and Curtobacterium were divided into four groups on the basis of their cellular fatty acid compositions. Cells with saturated and monounsaturated straight-chain fatty acids were designated type I. Strains in this group had meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinogalactan in their cell walls. In some strains, 10-methyl fatty acids were found. Type I was divided into six subtypes based on fatty acid composition. Type II cells contained iso-anteiso acids and were found in 43 strains of Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Cellulomonas, Curtobacterium, and coryneform bacteria with diaminobutyric acid-peptidoglycan. Small differences in fatty acid composition were found among the strains of this type, and the fatty acid compositions of type II strains varied remarkably depending on the media used. Type III strains were characterized by the presence of ω-cyclohexyl fatty acids. In two strains of Curtobacterium pusillum, approximately 60% of the cellular fatty acid was ω-cyclohexyl undecanoic acid. Type IV strains had highly complex patterns of iso, anteiso, normal, saturated, unsaturated, 10-methyl, and 2-hydroxy fatty acids. Five strains of Arthrobacter simplex, Arthrobacter tumescens, and ”Brevibacterium lipolyticum“ possessed this type of fatty acid composition.
Pollen Transcriptome and Proteome: Molecular and Functional Analysis

Summary The pollen grain, because of its unique structural organization, is an extremely useful experimental model in cytological, molecular as well as in genetic studies. Due to the ease of pollen grain isolation, their sorting as well as simple extraction of their DNA, RNA and proteins, male gametophyte cells of angiosperms are presently one of the most intensively studied plant cells. Important and rapid progress in the development of experimental tools for genome exploration caused a significant increase in the number of reports concerning different aspects of gene expression during microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in angiosperm plants. In this review we present the current knowledge of the pollen transcriptome and proteome during different stages of male gametophyte development, especially in Arabidopsis thaliana. Most of the results presented here were obtained in experiments carried out using microarrays, which were designed on the basis of the known sequence of the Arabidopsis genome.
Running title: Biosurveillance from animal test orders

Fernanda C. Dórea; Beverly J. McEwen, W Bruce McNab; Crawford W. Revie; Javier Sanchez Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada. Animal Health Laboratory, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1H 6R8, Canada Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, N1G 4Y2, Canada
Identification and Detection of Oral Pathogens Lactobacilli in Saliva Sample

Lactobacillus is a type of bacteria with multiple different species in the genus and most Lactobacillus species in humans are considered harmless. It is also reported that few Lactobacillus species are respensoble for tooth decay and cavity formation in children. But in adults, the bacterium is reported to create several oral diseases and is found in connection with several diseases causing bacterium. In this study saliva samples were collected from patients reported to have any of the oral disease and equal number of samples were collected from healthy individuals who did not had any diseases and cultured for the presence of Lactobacillus. It was seen that the number of bacterium is huge in patient sample when compared with the healthy samples. One of the representative isolate was sequenced through 16s rRNA region to and identified as Lactobacillus fermentumstrain IMAU32272. The isolates were molecularly characterized using RAPD-PCR and a dendrogram constructed revealed that they were almost similar.
The Flora of the Hawaiian Islands

BY D. H. CAMPBELL Stanford University T HE study of the vegetation fany region, its composition and relation to its environment may be of great interest o the botanist; but far more important is a study of the origin of the plants composing the flora and their relationships with those of other parts of the world. Such studies may furnish important data, both to biologists and geologists, as they often throw light upon changes in land connections and the corresponding distribution of the waters of the oceans, such changes involving marked climatic effects as well. In some extensive areas in the north temperate zone, the history of the vegetation is revealed both by a study of the living plants, and the fossils. It is evident that the northern parts of both Eurasia and North America have been more or less intimately connected from a very remote period. Throughout this whole region, from Western Europe to Canada and New England, the predominant rees are much the same-pines and firs, poplars, willows, birches, maples, oaks, etc.-and the shrubs and herbs show a similar relationship. While there are many differences in detail, the essential character of the floras is the same. Where there are marked differences a study of the fossil plants shows that some of these are due to the extinction of once widespread types which are now greatly restricted in their range. The Californian Sequoias, the bald cypress of the Gulf States, and the tulip tree (Liriodendron), are examples of such once cosmopolitan trees. The conditions in the south temperate zone are very different, and the widely separated continental areas-Africa, South America and Australia,-differ much more from each other than is the case in the north temperate zone. Moreover our knowledge of the fossil plants of these regions is still very incomplete. The floras of these isolated regions show a high percentage of endemic species, and this is also the case in such large islands as Madagascar, Juan Fernandez and New Zealand. It reaches its most extreme expression in the Hawaiian Islands, the most isolated area of equal size in the whole world. The Hawaiian Archipelago consists of a chain of islands extending from northwest to southeast, between latitude I8o55' and 2I1I5'. Its total area is 6,454 square miles, of which the southernmost island, Hawaii, comprises about two-thirds. To the northwest, there is a series of small islets and reefs, extending for about i8 degrees. All of the islands, except for the coral reefs, are volcanic; but at present volcanic activity is restricted to Hawaii, whose two giant craters, Kilauea, and Mauna Loa, from time to time furnish volcanic outbursts of spectacular proportions. In the older islands no evidences of recent activity can be found, and the disintegration of the volcanic soils is complete; in Hawaii, however, and to a lesser degree elsewhere, there are expanses of bare lava, nearly or quite destitute of vegetation. The volcanic activity has evidently
New species of dictyostelid cellular slime moulds from Australia

During the 2001–2006 field seasons, samples for isolation of dictyostelid cellular slime moulds were collected at several localities in Queensland, the Northern Territory, Western Australia and Victoria. The majority of these samples were collected from the soil–litter layer on the ground, but some additional samples were obtained from the layer of organic matter (‘canopy soil’) associated with the bases of vascular epiphytes on the trunks and branches of trees in the tropical forests of northern Queensland. Many of the forms recovered from these samples could be assigned to described taxa, including such cosmopolitan species as Dictyostelium mucoroides, Polysphondylium pallidum, P. violaceum and D. giganteum. However, several others appear to represent new species, and eight of these (D. boomeransporum, D. flexuosum, D. granulosum, D. myxobasis, D. radiculatum, D. rotatum, P. australicum and P. stolonicoideum) are described herein. The large number of apparently undescribed forms suggests that the dictyostelid biota of Australia is relatively distinct when compared with that of any other continent.
Proline content of different honey types

In this study we examined the proline content of 143 honey samples with different flower origin. Some of the samples originated from commercial trade, the others came directly from beekeepers. We measured the proline content of beekeepers’ honeys and the received results were compared to the results of commercial honeys. The effects of added sugar products and heating on the quality parameters were also studied.
Mechanics of running of the ostrich (Struthio camelus)

Ostriches have been filmed running fast in their natural habitat. A female ostrich has been dissected and the principal bones, muscles and tendons in a leg have been measured. It is calculated that stresses up to 240 kN m−2 and 40 MN m−2, respectively, act in the digital flexor muscles and their tendons during running. Tensile and compressive stresses up to about 70MNm−2 and 110 MNm−2 act in the tibiotarsus. A large proportion of the energy which would otherwise be required for running is probably saved by elastic storage in tendons. Comparisons are made with the legs of flying birds and of antelopes.
Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship study of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ-selective ligands

Improvements in our understanding of the functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes as master regulators of many biological functions have made it possible to develop novel PPAR ligands with characteristic subtype selectivity as biochemical tools and/or candidate drugs for the treatment of PPAR-dependent diseases such as metabolic syndrome, which includes type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and inflammation. Based on the findings that the glitazone-class antidiabetic agents, and fibrate-class antidyslipidemic agents are ligands of PPARgamma and PPARalpha respectively, much research interest has been focused on these two subtypes as therapeutic targets for the treatment of type II diabetes and dyslipidemia. In contrast, research interest in PPARdelta has been limited. However, since 2001, the availability of PPARdelta knockout animals and selective ligands has led to the uncovering of possible roles of PPARdelta in fatty acid metabolism, insulin resistance, reverse cholesterol transport, inflammation, and so on. It has become clear that ligands able to modulate PPARdelta-mediated pathways are candidates for the treatment of altered metabolic function. This review focuses on recent medicinal chemical studies to identify PPARdelta-selective agonists.
Circadian rhythm in mouse liver phosphorylase activity

Abstract Studies of the liver glycogen phosphorylase activity in mice at different times of the day have made it possible to describe circadian variations in the activity of this enzyme. These variations are closely related with the circadian variations in the glycogen content, since the highest value of the enzyme activity is reached at the time (16.00 hr) when the glycogen is maximally degradated and vice‐versa. The lowest value of phosphorylase activity was found between 24.00 hr and 4.00 hr. The difference between the peak and the trough was highly significant: p < 0.001. The estimation of the enzyme activity was performed on liver homogenates by the method described by Sutherland. The mechanisms which may be involved in the control of this rhythm are discussed. It is suggested that this rhythm may be the result of synthesis and degradation rather than activation and inactivation of the enzyme.
Combustion performance of triple flames issuing from elliptical Swirlers

An experimental work has carried out to characterize the combustion performance in terms of flame length, temperatures and emissions for a triple flame structure of concentric fuel rich mixture surrounded by fuel lean mixture premixed flame combined with the cross flow stream. A set of elliptical double swirlers of different angles and aspect ratios were compared to a circular double Swirler was used to investigate the effect of swirling direction modes (coversus counter swirl), the effects of swirl angles, and ellipticity. It was found, for counter and co-swirl, that counter swirler leads to higher enhancement of combustion process than coswirler, due to higher levels of premixing, slight differences in the flame length were found. The counter swirl induces higher levels of turbulence than co-swirl with the consequent enhancement in the mixing of the mixtures and reducing the flame peak temperatures thus decreasing NOX , by 36%, and CO, by 29%, emissions comparison to that of the co-swirl. In addition, increasing the inner swirling angle shortens the flame length. Increasing the inner swirl favorably produces flames of higher average temperatures and lower emissions of CO and NOX emissions. In this scene, it was found that the elliptic swirl of (45 o i, 30 o o) produces higher flame temperatures and lower emissions concentrations of NOX , by 38%, and CO, by 10%, than that for the elliptic swirl of (30 o i, 45 o o). Furthermore, it was found that the elliptic swirl shows shorter flame length than circular swirler, while the elliptic swirl of AR=1.25 produces the shortest flame length relative to other Swirlers of different aspect ratios. The effect of the ellipticity was noticeable, since it was found that the elliptic swirl of AR=1.25 produces flame of higher temperatures and lower NOX emission than any other Swirlers of different aspect ratios. Increasing the aspect ratio leads to decrease the concentrations of CO emission. Finally, it was concluded that double circular swirl produces higher CO and NOX than double elliptic swirl. Nomenclature and Greek letters: AR : aspect ratio CO: Coaxial CN : Counter i : inner o : outer φi : Inner equivalent ratio φo : outer equivalent ratio
Sharks caught in the protective gill nets off Natal, South Africa. 1. The sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo)

Between 1978 and 1987, 291 sandbar sharks Carcharhinus plumbeus were caught in the gill-nets which protect the tourist beaches of Natal. They represented 2,1 per cent of the total catch of sharks for this period, and the catch per unit effort ranged from 0,2 to 1,4 sharks·km-net−1·year−1. The mean sex ratio for embryos was unity, compared with the 0,5 males: 1 female for free-swimming sharks. The length frequency distributions for both sexes were bimodal, the modes representing immature and mature sharks respectively. Males matured at about 1 290 mm precaudal length and females at 1 300 mm. Mating seemed to be taking place north of the netted region between late October and January, and the gestation period was about 12 months. There was a positive correlation between length of female and litter size, which averaged 7,2 embryos. The hepatosomic index of mature females was highest at the onset of pregnancy. Teleosts and cephalopods dominated the food in terms of frequency of occurrence.