Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-immune-related genes and signalling pathways in spleen of Vibrio parahaemolyticus-infected Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forskal).

The brown-marbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forskal), is a high-market-value marine fish that is intensively cultured. However, in recent years, it has suffered huge economic losses due to susceptibility to infections (Ku & Lu 2000; Lopez et al. 2002), in particular vibriosis (Liu et al. 2004). A transcriptome-wide examination of gene expression and functional studies in experimentally infected grouper showed many immune-related pathways crucial in the protection against Vibrio infection (Low et al., unpublished data). This study also revealed many non-immune-related pathways including processing of protein and sugars, as well as drug and steroid metabolism. Significantly altered molecules include retinoic acid of the retinol pathway, which modifies the NF-kB transcription factor known to promote pro-inflammatory responses. Steroid metabolism also produces corticosteroid, which plays a major role in immune suppression. Thus, non-immune-related pathways not only provide essential resources but may be important as supportive mechanisms in eliminating threats from potential pathogens. These molecules may not only serve as potential biomarkers in identifying grouper fish resistance to Vibrio infection but function as immunomodulatory agents. Brown-marbled grouper fingerlings of an approximate total length of 7 cm were acclimated in fibre glass tank (15 000 L capacity) containing sea water (salinity 28–30 ppt, pH 6.8) for two weeks. Then, 20 fingerlings were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 10 fish each. Fish were anaesthetized by using tricaine mesylate (MS-222) before injected intramuscularly with 20 lL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (control group); the second group was injected in a similar manner with 20 lL of approximately 5 9 10 CFU of V. parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17803) suspended in PBS per fingerling (treated group). All experimental fishes were kept in separate glass aquarium (80 L capacity) for 4 h before the fishes were killed to collect spleen sample. Fresh spleen samples were collected and stored immediately in RNAlater RNA stabilization reagent (Qiagen) according to manufacturer protocols. Spleen samples were stored at 80 °C for subsequent analysis. Total RNA was extracted from the spleens of the control and V. parahaemolyticus-infected fish using TRIzol Reagent (Ambion ) according to manufacturer protocols. RNA resuspended in Correspondence C-F Low, Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia (e-mail: low_cf5433@yahoo.com.my)
Acueductos comunitarios: Patrimonio social y ambiental del Valle de Aburrá

Los acueductos comunitarios son estructuras sociales tradicionales. Hacen parte de la historia de ocupacion de las periferias urbanas y las zonas rurales, lugares donde la poblacion resolvio por si misma el suministro de agua potable creando acueductos que han subsistido por 20, 30 y hasta 70 anos. A traves del desarrollo del trabajo de investigacion titulado Criterios de Sostenibilidad para Acueductos Comunitarios, estudio de caso: cuenca de la Quebrada la Ayura, Municipio de Envigado, se obtuvieron resultados que demuestran la importancia de estos acueductos en el fortalecimiento del tejido social y la generacion de vinculos tangibles entre comunidad y cuenca. El proceso de investigacion fue integrado al desarrollo del Plan de Ordenamiento y Manejo de la Cuenca del Rio Aburra (Area Metropolitana del Valle de Aburra, Corantioquia, Cornare, Universidad Nacional, 2007) logrando una vision general de la prestacion del servicio de acueducto por parte de las comunidades en la cuenca del Rio Aburra. Esta vision permite imprimir el titulo de patrimonio social y ambiental a dichas organizaciones comunitarias, considerando la importancia de integrar la comunidad a la gestion del recurso hidrico, fortalecer su capacidad de gestion y promover el uso del agua propia de la cuenca
Spontaneous activity of alpha motor neurons in intramedullary spinal cord tumor.

T HIS report describes an instance of alpha rigidity in man, secondary to an infiltrating spinal cord tumor. The usual cases of hypertonicity in man have, in recent years, been attributed solely to an abnormality affecting primarily the stretch reflex as modulated by the gamma efferent system. Landau and Clare, ~,~ and others, have cast experimental doubt on that thesis, but there have been only rare descriptions in the literature of instances of muscular hypertonicity thought to result primarily from hyperexcitability in the alpha motor neuron system. Rushworth, e t a l . , ~1 reported a man with rigidity and constant muscular contractions in the arms, which they attributed to isolation of alpha motor neurons by an infiltrating spinal tumor. Penry, e t a l. , 9 reviewed the literature and found six cases of rigidity thought due to alpha motor neuron dysfunction, and added three cases of their own, one of which was the same as that reported by Rushworth, e t al . Subsequently Tarlov ~4 reported two cases of alpha rigidity due to cystic disease of the spinal cord. The above reports comprise 11 cases of rigidity secondary to alpha motor neuron dysfunction. Of these, one case was due to cervical spinal cord tumor, 12 one was associated with necrotizing myelopathy, 9 six resulted from damage to the spinal cord of the newborn, 9 one occurred after cervical trauma, 9 and two occurred with cystic disease of the cord. 15 The case to be described in this report resulted from a tumor in the thoraco-lumbar cord, and the evidence of spontaneous or isolated alpha motor neuron activity was ex-
Epidemiological investigation of risk factors for Campylobacter colonization in Norwegian broiler flocks

Summary An epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify risk factors related to hygiene and husbandry practices which determine the introduction of Campylobacter spp. into broiler chicken flocks. All 176 broiler farms in an area in southeastern Norway participated in the study. Each farm was represented by one flock selected at random during a one-year period. The flocks were examined for Campylobacter colonization at slaughter, and the flock managers were sub-sequently interviewed about hygiene and husbandry practices. Campylobacter spp. were recovered from 32 (18%) of the flocks. The proportion of colonized flocks varied geographically and seasonally with a peak in the autumn. The following variables were found to be independently associated with an increased risk of Campylobacter colonization using logistic regression analysis: (i) feeding the broilers undisinfected water (odds ratio (OR) = 3·42, P = 0·045), (ii) tending other poultry prior to entering the broiler house (OR = 6·43, P = 0·007), (iii) tending pigs before entering the house (OR = 4·86, P = 0·037), (iv) geographic region (Hedmark versus Østfold county) (OR = 2·91), P = 0·023, (v) season (autumn versus other seasons) (OR = 3·43, P = 0·008). Presence of rats on the farm was associated with an increased risk, but this factor did not reach statistical significance (OR = 3·96, P = 0·083). Preventive measures should include dis-infection of drinking water and strict hygienic routines when the farm workers enter the rearing room. The results indicated that disinfection of drinking water is the preventive measure most likely to have the greatest impact on the prevalence of Campylobacter among broiler chicken flocks in the study area (population attributable fraction = 0·53).
ON THE NONCROSSING PARTITIONS OF A CYCLE

This article defines the paritions of a finite set structured in a cycle which possesses the property that a pair of points belonging to a class and a pair of points belonging to another class cannot be in a crossed way. It establishes that these partitions form a lattice and it specifies some of the descriptive and enumerative properties of the lattice; it computes in particular the Möbius function. 1. Definitions In all that follows, we call cycle the pair (M, c) formed by (1) a nonempty, finite set M of cardinality m, (2) a circular bijection c of M into itself, where the word circular means that for all x ∈ M and for all i ∈ {1, 2, . , m − 1} we have c(x) 6= x. The elements of M are called points. Let A be any nonempty subset of M , and let x ∈ A. If kx is the least positive integer such that cx(x) ∈ A, we put cx(x) = d(x). It is clear that d(x) defines a circular bijection of A into itself; (A, d) is thus a cycle, and we call it the trace of (M, c) over A. For all pairs (x, y) of distinct points of M , we call δ(x, y) (distance from x to y) the least positive integer k such that c(x) = y; thus we have, for all pairs {x, y}, δ(x, y) + δ(y, x) = m. Given two disjoint pairs {x, y} and {u, v}, we say that the pairs are crossed if the integer δ(x, y) is between the lesser and greater of the the two integers δ(x, u) and δ(x, v), else the two are uncrossed. Any two disjoint subsets A and B of M are said to be noncrossing if there does not exist two crossed pairs contained in A and B respectively; in particular if at least one of the two disjoint subsets A and B is a singleton (subset of cardinality 1), A and B are necessarily noncrossing. In certain cases we will consider two noncrossing subsets A and B of M which possess the following property: there exists two points x and y such that x ∈ A, y ∈ B, c(x) ∈ B, c(y) ∈ A. If this is so, we say that the two subsets A and B are adjacent. We note that one of the two adjacent subsets can be a singleton {x}; the other then contains c(x) and c(x). Given a cycle (M, c), we call noncrossing partition of M a partition in which any two distinct classes are noncrossing. Date: March 7, 2005. Translated by Berton A. Earnshaw. 1
Document layout analysis based on emergent computation

A new method of document layout analysis is proposed for a document reader, to be used for reading a wide variety of documents. Emergent computation, which is a key concept of artificial life, is adopted to analyze various complex document structures. The proposed method uses a multilayer architecture consisting of four subsystems: region extraction, region analysis, region recognition, and region modification. Emergent computation is used for the interactions between subsystems to produce effective and flexible behavior of the entire system. The global layout structure of a document is extracted from these interactions. Experimental results obtained for 150 documents show the method is adaptable to various layout structures in documents.
A Novel Vibrotactile Display to Improve the Performance of Anesthesiologists in a Simulated Critical Incident

BACKGROUND: Current methods of information transfer in the operating room between monitor and anesthesiologist rely on visual and auditory modalities. These modalities can easily become overloaded in a high cognitive workload situation, such as in a critical incident. The use of vibrotactile communication has been shown to improve information transfer in other high cognitive workload environments such as aviation. We designed a novel waist-mounted vibrotactile display to be worn by the anesthesiologist to test if a vibrotactile display could improve the clinical response time to begin treating a simulated case of anaphylaxis when compared with a group using traditional information displays. In addition, we evaluated differences in situational awareness (SA) between the two groups. METHODS: Twenty-four volunteer anesthesiologists were randomized to diagnose and treat a simulated case of anaphylaxis using the vibrotactile display and standard monitoring (vibrotactile display group) or standard monitoring alone (control group). The time taken to administer epinephrine was measured, and objective post hoc analysis of participant SA was performed. RESULTS: Participants in the vibrotactile group took 4.08 min (95% CI = 1.22) to deliver definitive treatment compared with 7.21 min (95% CI = 2.07) for the control group (P < 0.05). Despite the reduced time to treatment, no improvement in SA was measured. CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence that vibrotactile communication can reduce response time to critical incidents.
Cancer hospitalizations in rural–urban areas in relation to carcinogenic discharges from Toxics Release Inventory facilities

This paper examines whether carcinogenic pollutants discharged from US Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) facilities are related to cancer hospitalization rates among the general population in rural and urban areas. We analyzed cancer hospitalizations (N = 440,061) across 20 states to find age- and sex-adjusted population cancer hospitalization rates. Multiple regression models were used to determine whether cancer hospitalization rates at the county level (N = 1102 counties) were associated with higher levels of carcinogenic discharges from TRI facilities, controlling for other risks. Significantly higher hospitalization rates were found in relation to higher TRI discharges for several cancer types that varied from urban to rural setting. Carcinogenic discharges from TRI facilities were associated with excess inpatient cancer treatment costs of $902.8 million in 2009. Future research may strive to move beyond ecological designs to examine cancer risks from TRI releases to better our understanding of cancer etiology and to establish appropriate environmental safeguards as indicated by the evidence.
Investigating the behavior of physical defects in pn-junction based reconfigurable graphene devices

Graphene, one of the viable candidates to replace Silicon in the next generation electronic devices, is pushing the research community to find new technological solutions that can exploit its special characteristics. Among the proposed approaches, the electrostatic doping represents a key option. It allows the implementation of equivalent pn-junctions through which is possible to build a new class of reconfigurable logic gates, the devices analyzed in this work. Recent works presented a quantitative analysis of such gates in terms of area, delay and power consumptions, confirming their superiority w.r. t. CMOS technologies below the 22nm. This work explores another dimension, that is testability, and proposes a study of possible physical defects that might alter the functionality of the graphene logic gates. The electrical behavior of faulty devices, obtained through the emulation of physical failures at the SPICE-level, has been analyzed and mapped at a higher level of abstraction using proper fault models. Most of such models belong to the CMOS domain, but for some specific class of defects, new fault definitions are needed.
MICROSCOPIC FOUNDATION OF NONEXTENSIVE STATISTICS

Combination of the Liouville equation with the q-averaged energy $U_q = _q$ leads to a microscopic framework for nonextensive q-thermodynamics. The resulting von Neumann equation is nonlinear: $i\dot\rho=[H,\rho^q]$. In spite of its nonlinearity the dynamics is consistent with linear quantum mechanics of pure states. The free energy $F_q=U_q-TS_q$ is a stability function for the dynamics. This implies that q-equilibrium states are dynamically stable. The (microscopic) evolution of $\rho$ is reversible for any q, but for $q\neq 1$ the corresponding macroscopic dynamics is irreversible.
Bartonella sp. Bacteremia in Patients with Neurological and Neurocognitive Dysfunction

ABSTRACT We detected infection with a Bartonella species (B. henselae or B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii) in blood samples from six immunocompetent patients who presented with a chronic neurological or neurocognitive syndrome including seizures, ataxia, memory loss, and/or tremors. Each of these patients had substantial animal contact or recent arthropod exposure as a potential risk factor for Bartonella infection. Additional studies should be performed to clarify the potential role of Bartonella spp. as a cause of chronic neurological and neurocognitive dysfunction.
Expression profile of wild‐type ETV6 in childhood acute leukaemia

Summary. Comparative expression analysis of wild‐typeETV6 in the disease state showed an absence of expression in ETV6–CBFA2 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) when compared with non‐ETV6–CBFA2 ALL and acute myeloid leukaemia. Fluorescent in‐situ hybridization and loss of heterozygosity studies showed that 73% of the ETV6–CBFA2 samples had a fully or partially deleted second ETV6 allele, explaining the lack of wild‐type expression in these patients. Although the second ETV6 allele was identified in the remaining patients, no ETV6 expression was detected. These observations support the hypothesis that loss of ETV6 expression is a critical secondary event for leukaemogenesis in ETV6–CBFA2 ALL.
Hydration at the Work Site

When performing physical work, sweat output often exceeds water intake, producing a body water deficit or dehydration. Specific to the work place, dehydration can adversely affect worker productivity, safety, and morale. Legislative bodies in North America such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommend replacing fluids frequently when exposed to heat stress, such as one cup (250 ml) every 20 minutes when working in warm environments. However, the majority of legislative guidelines provide vague guidance and none take into account the effects of work intensity, specific environments, or protective clothing. Improved occupational guidelines for fluid and electrolyte replacement during hot weather occupational activities should be developed to include recommendations for fluid consumption before, during, and after work.
Effect of liver disease and transplantation on urea synthesis in humans : relationship to acid-base status

Shangraw, Robert E. , and Farook Jahoor. Effect of liver disease and transplantation on urea synthesis in humans: relationship to acid-base status. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G1145–G1152, 1999. —It has been suggested that hepatic urea synthesis, which consumes HCO3 , plays an important role in acid-base homeostasis. This study measured urea synthesis rate (Ra urea) directly to assess its role in determining the acid-base status in patients with end-stage cirrhosis and after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Cirrhotic patients were studied before surgery (n 5 7) and on the second postoperative day (n 5 11), using a 5-h primed-constant infusion of [N2]urea. Six healthy volunteers served as controls. Ra urea was 5.05 6 0.40 (SE) and 3.11 6 0.51 μmol ·kg21 ·min21, respectively, in controls and patients with cirrhosis (P , 0.05). Arterial base excess was 0.6 6 0.3 meq/l in controls and 21.1 6 1.3 meq/l in cirrhotic patients (not different). After OLT, Ra urea was 15.05 6 1.73 μmol ·kg21 ·min21, which accompanied an arterial base excess of 7.0 6 0.3 meq/l (P , 0.001). We conclude that impaired Ra urea in cirrhotic patients does not produce metabolic alkalosis. Concurrent postoperative metabolic alkalosis and increased Ra urea indicate that the alkalosis is not caused by impaired Ra urea. It is consistent with, but does not prove, the concept that the graft liver responds to metabolic alkalosis by augmenting Ra urea, thus increasing HCO3 2 consumption and moderating the severity of metabolic alkalosis produced elsewhere.
Modelación de la marea en el sistema lagunar de Bahía Magdalena-Almejas, B.C.S., México

Se simula numericamente la propagacion de las componentes de la marea M2, N2, S2, 1(2, 01 y un modelo numerico hidrodinamico K1 en el sistema lagunar Bahia Magdalena-Almejas, mediante barotropico, desarrollado en diferencias finitas, centradas en el espacio y adelantadas en el tiempo. El modelo entrega, como resultados para un periodo de la marea, la variacion superficial del nivel del mar y el campo vectorial de corrientes. Los resultados del modelo se comparan, cualitativa y cuantitativamente, con mediciones de campo de variaciones de nivel del mar y velocidad de la corriente, obteniendose una buena concordancia entre ambas. Las velocidades maximas, registradas y modeladas en el area de estudio, ocurrieron durante el reflujo de la marea. La componente de velocidad Este fue la mas importante en Boca Entrada, mientras que para la zona de canales "Canal Gaviota y Canal Rehusa", fue la Norte.
Integration of coil and UHF antenna for wirless wireless power transfer and data telemetry

There is a great demand for wireless power transfer (WPT) technology to be embedded in mobile devices because WPT offers the possibility to charge electronic devices without having to plug them into a traditional power outlet. Electric power can be transferred wirelessly using magnetic resonance coupling between two closely spaced coils. Due to the limited space in mobiles units, this paper presents a novel printed coil which is integrated with multiband antenna. The proposed design can be used as a coil for wireless power transmission, it is also a multiband antenna for general smart phones' frequency bands. The measured and simulated results verified that the proposed coil is compatible with QI specification, it can also be induced to achieve wideband performance covering GPS/ GSM/ PCS/ DCS/ UMTS/ WIFI/ Bluetooth, and WiMAX, which is suitable for mobile devices.
Estimated radiation risks potentially associated with full-body CT screening.

PURPOSE To estimate the radiation-related cancer mortality risks associated with single or repeated full-body computed tomographic (CT) examinations by using standard radiation risk estimation methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS The estimated dose to the lung or stomach from a single full-body CT examination is 14-21 mGy, which corresponds to a dose region for which there is direct evidence of increased cancer mortality in atomic bomb survivors. Total doses for repeated examinations are correspondingly higher. The authors used estimated cancer risks in a U.S. population derived from atomic bomb-associated cancer mortality data, together with calculated organ doses from a full-body CT examination, to estimate the radiation risks associated with single and multiple full-body CT examinations. RESULTS A single full-body CT examination in a 45-year-old adult would result in an estimated lifetime attributable cancer mortality risk of around 0.08%, with the 95% credibility limits being a factor of 3.2 in either direction. A 45-year-old adult who plans to undergo annual full-body CT examinations up to age 75 (30 examinations) would accrue an overall estimated lifetime attributable risk of cancer mortality of about 1.9%, with the 95% credibility limits being a factor of 2 in either direction. CONCLUSION The authors provide estimates of lifetime cancer mortality risks from both single and annual full-body CT examinations. These risk estimates are needed to assess the utility of full-body CT examinations from both an individual and a public health perspective.
An Enhanced Framework for Sign Gesture Recognition using Hidden Markov Model and Adaptive Histogram Technique

Gesture based communication is the fundamental method for correspondence for those with hearing and vocal incapacities. Communication via gestures comprises of making shapes or developments with human hands as for the head or other body parts. In this paper, we propose a new framework for recognizing sign gestures by using Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Histogram based methods. Initially, the noise of an image will be eliminated by Wiener Filter and the image will be segmented with the help of Histogram oriented methods – Adaptive Histogram technique and then features will be extracted. The extracted features will be given to the HMM for training and recognition of gestures. Our experimental results show a better performance in terms of recognizing gestures from a blurred image compared to the existing segmentation methods.