Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of two commercial human immunodeficiency virus serological tests in cases with indeterminate Western blot results.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Serodiagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection typically requires repeatedly reactive positive screening test followed by Western blot (WB) assay. When WB assay result is indeterminate, the results of follow-up WB assay may remain inconclusive. This study evaluated use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and particle agglutination test (PAT) as sequential screening tests with WB assay for the diagnosis of HIV infection. METHODS From January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2003, a total of 565 serum samples collected from individuals with a previous positive or borderline positive ELISA test for HIV at regular check-up (281 samples) and a second group of individuals with known risk of HIV exposure or suspected infection based on clinical presentation (284 samples) were tested for HIV infection by ELISA, PAT and WB assay. RESULTS The result was positive for HIV infection and confirmed by WB assay in 197 samples (22.5%), indeterminate in 127 samples (22.5%) and negative in 241 samples (42.6%). The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 100% and 21.6% and of PAT were 99.5% and 95%, respectively. Among the 197 HIV-infected cases, all ELISA and PAT results were concordant with WB assay except 1 (1/197) with negative PAT. Positive ELISA, positive PAT and indeterminate WB assay results were found in 9 of the 284 samples (7 individuals) from at-risk patients. Among these 7 individuals, 5 were later proved to have HIV infection. WB assay in 1 of the 7 individuals remained indeterminate 1 year later, and the remaining case was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION We suggest initial ELISA followed by PAT as sequential screening for HIV infection. When both screening tests are concordant but subsequent WB assay is indeterminate, further evaluation (such as nucleic acid amplification test) should be arranged as soon as possible.
An accounting reflection of quality cost and customer satisfaction of health products in Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to examine the accounting reflection of quality cost and customer satisfaction of health products in Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, hypotheses were raised and a critical review of extant literature was made. The population of the study consisted of seven (7) pharmaceutical companies quoted in the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Both primary and secondary data were utilized for this study. The primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaire on management accountants of the selected companies, while the company’s financial statements serve as the secondary data source. The findings generated in this study revealed a positive significant relationship between quality conformance cost and customer satisfaction of health products but a negative significant relationship between quality non conformance cost and customer satisfaction. It was recommended in the study that pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria should increase their quality conformance cost so as to eliminate internal and external failure cost for improved customer satisfaction.
eview alue of post-licensure data on benefits and risks of vaccination to nform vaccine policy : The example of rotavirus vaccines mesh

In 1999, the first rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine licensed in the United States was withdrawn within a year of its introduction after it was linked with intussusception at a rate of ∼1 excess case per 10,000 vaccinated infants. While clinical trials of 60,000–70,000 infants of each of the two current live oral rotavirus vaccines, RotaTeq (RV5) and Rotarix (RV1), did not find an association with intussusception, post-licensure studies have documented a risk in several high and middle income countries, at a rate of ∼1–6 excess cases per 100,000 vaccinated infants. However, considering this low risk against the large health benefits of vaccination that have been observed in many countries, including in countries with afety accines a documented vaccine-associated intussusception risk, policy makers and health organizations around the world continue to support the routine use of RV1 and RV5 in national infant immunization programs. Because the risk and benefit data from affluent settings may not be directly applicable to developing countries, further characterization of any associated intussusception risk following rotavirus vaccination as well as the health benefits of vaccination is desirable for low income settings. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
The Relationship between Self-Directed Learning and Management Competencies Sustainability: Russian Managers Perspective

In the knowledge age work related self-directing learners are very valued in their respective organisations. This intellectual capital allows organisations to be more flexible, sustainable and to maintain its competitive edge in a turbulent economic environment. Literature review shows that self-directed learning is the foundation for the knowledge age. Therefore well-conceived implementation of self- directed learning is crucial for the strategic development and success of organisations in the 21st century. It is reasoned that work related self-directed learning is the most important and effective way to develop management competencies. Therefore is essential that managers move quickly to welcome change, but at the same time it requires from them to embrace a self-directed learning mind-set. Self-directed learning constitutes the most important way of acquiring and developing sustainable competencies at work. It yields sustained behavioural change and provides hope that people can develop the competencies that matter most for outstanding performance. Therefore the research question in this paper investigates whether Russian managers' management competencies correlate with work related self-directed learning. Empirical data were collected according to quantitative research methodology. Descriptive statistics, correlation, factor analysis and regression were used for statistical data analysis. Results showed that Russian managers are very keen self-learners, but it failed to show statistically significant correlation between their management competencies and self-directed learning. Directions for future research were proposed.
Design and Implementation of an Accurately Regulated Multiple Output ZVS DC–DC Converter

An accurately regulated multiple-output zero-voltage switching (ZVS) DC-DC converter is proposed. The converter is composed of three outputs altogether. The first and second outputs are regulated through the duty cycle control of two asymmetrical half bridge converters, while the third output is regulated through the phase shift of the two asymmetrical half bridge converters. The characteristic of this multiple-output dc-dc converter is analyzed and design process is investigated. ZVS is realized for all the main switches. Therefore this multiple-output dc-dc converter can operate with higher efficiency at higher switching frequency. The operation stages, ZVS condition and control detail are also presented. A 400 V input, 48 V/10 A, 5 V/20 A, 12 V/5 A outputs prototype is built to verify the design. The efficiency at rated input voltage full load is 93.36%.
A Combinatorial Auction Mechanism for Airport Time Slot Allocation

A sealed-bid combinatorial auction is developed for the allocation of airport time slots to competing airlines. This auction procedure permits airlines to submit various contingency bids for flight-compatible combinations of individual airport landing or take-off slots. An algorithm for solving the resulting set-packing problem yields an allocation of slots to packages that maximizes the system surplus as revealed by the set of package bids submitted. The algorithm determines individual (slot) resource prices which are used to price packages to the winning bidders at levels guaranteed to be no greater (and normally smaller) than the amounts bid. Laboratory experiments with cash motivated subjects are used to study the efficiency and demand revelation properties of the combinatorial auction in comparison with a proposed independent slot primary auction.
Adhesion in Candida spp

Microbial adherence is one of the most important determinants of pathogenesis, yet very few adhesins have been identified from fungal pathogens. Four structurally related adhesins, Hwp1, Ala1p/Als5p, Als1p, from Candida albicans and Epa1p from Candida glabrata, are members of a class of proteins termed glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐dependent cell wall proteins (GPI‐CWP). These proteins have N‐terminal signal peptides and C‐terminal features that mediate glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor addition, as well as other determinants leading to attachment to cell wall glucan. While common signalP/GPI motifs facilitate cell surface expression, unique features mediate ligand binding specificities of adhesins. The first glimpse of structural features of putative adhesins has come from biophysical characterizations of the N‐terminal domain of Als5p. One protein not in the GPI‐CWP class that was initially described as an adhesin, Int1p, has recently been shown to be similar to Bud4p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in primary amino acid sequence, in co‐localizing with septins and in functioning in bud site selection. Progress in understanding the role of adhesins in oroesophageal candidiasis has been made for Hwp1 in a study using beige athymic and transgenic ɛ26 mice that have combined defects in innate and acquired immune responses. Searches of the C. albicans genome for proteins in the GPI‐CWP class has led to the identification of a subset of genes that will be the focus of future efforts to identify new Candida adhesins.
Design of Customer Relationship Management System

The Customer Relationship Management System (CRM) integrates the market and customer information.It realizes the sharing of customer information in the corporation.It can improve the service quality and service level and increase the loyalty of the customer.Then the company can develop new customer resource more easily,and this increases the competition of the company.CRM is the management thought and the tools to realize these purposes.This article discusses the designation of the CRM and presents application of the data mining technology in CRM system. 
Depressive symptoms and risk of type 2 diabetes in a national sample of middle-aged and older adults. The English Longitudinal Study of Aging. Running Title: Depressive symptoms and incident diabetes

This is an uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes Care. The American Diabetes Association, publisher of Diabetes Care, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisher-authenticated version will be available in a future issue of Diabetes Care in print and online at http://care.diabetesjournals. org. Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online January 19, 2010
The influence of a barrier on the behaviour and growth of early-weaned piglets

When designing environments for animals, the quality of space as well as the amount of space should be considered. In this study the influence of an opaque barrier on the aggressive behaviour and growth of Large White Χ Landrace piglets that were weaned at 24 days was examined. The behaviour and weight gain of 120 piglets were recorded during a 4-week period following weaning. These piglets were housed in either a conventional flat-deck pen or a straw pen, with or without an opaque barrier. There was no significant difference between the two types of accommodation in the frequency of aggressive interactions that occurred during the weaning period but where a barrier was present the frequency of aggressive interactions was 40% lower during the 1st week after weaning and growth rate was proportionately 0·15 greater. Piglets that were the recipients of most aggressive behaviour used the barrier most frequently during the weaning period and barrier users gained the most weight during the week immediately following weaning. It was concluded that a barrier improved the weaning environment because it offered piglets an escape route during the period when most aggressive interactions occurred. A barrier may be an effective way of improving the welfare of animals housed in confined conditions.
Transmigration of object identity

The object-oriented paradigm is one of the central programming paradigms of our time. The following description is a generally accepted characterization of that paradigm: “An object has state, behavior, and identity” [9]. The concept of object identity plays an important role here insofar it is the only characteristic element that is not available in purely declarative programming languages without further effort. Purely declarative languages also incorporate behavior via functions or rules, and state via immutable values that are passed around to such functions and rules. Objects localize state and behavior, and the single means to access state and behavior of objects are their identity. In other words, the major achievement of objectoriented programming languages is to provide constructs for unambiguously mapping object identities to storage locations and procedures that act on those storage locations. Early discussions of the notion of object identity have found strong connections between changes of state and equality predicates for objects. Object identity lies at the center of such discussions: when the state of an object is changed by way of its identity the new state is (re)observable via that same identity; when the same object identity is stored in two different variables it is always the same state that is observable via those variables [75]. Later on, various authors have implicitly or explicitly kept that same basic idea. Now, this thesis shows that an alternative perception of object identity is possible when an analysis starts from a description of the usage scenarios for object identity. These are reference on the one hand – an object is able to refer to other objects – and comparison on the other hand – two variables may refer to the same or to different objects. These usage scenarios can be separated both on the conceptual level of an object model as well as on the practical level of the implementation of a programming language and run-time environment. From this modified view on object identity new operations can be derived. Especially dynamic object replacement is probably the most intriguing operation that is enabled by the approach taken in this thesis. This operation has the potential to address usage scenarios from the emerging field of unanticipated software evolution. This shows that this thesis is not only of a theoretical nature but also gives insight into possible practical applications. Still, the traditional notion of object identity is
Cognitive control of fixation duration in visual search: The role of extrafoveal processing

Participants' eye movements were monitored in two visual search experiments that manipulated target-distractor similarity (high vs. low) as well as the availability of distractors for extrafoveal processing (Free-Viewing vs. No-Preview). The influence of the target-distractor similarity by preview manipulation on the distributions of first fixation and second fixation duration was examined by using a survival analysis technique which provided precise estimates of the timing of the first discernible influence of target-distractor similarity on fixation duration. We found a significant influence of target-distractor similarity on first fixation duration in normal visual search (Free Viewing) as early as 26–28 ms from the start of fixation. In contrast, the influence of target-distractor similarity occurred much later (199–233 ms) in the No-Preview condition. The present study also documented robust and fast acting extrafoveal and foveal preview effects. Implications for models of eye-movement control and visual search are discussed.
Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Review

&NA; Obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric illness that occurs across the entire life span. Although most research on OCD pertains to adults, studies of the disorder in children and adolescents have burgeoned over the last decade. A review of this literature suggests that OCD has a bimodal incidence pattern, with one peak of onset at approximately 10 years of age and another during adulthood, and that the juvenile and adult forms are equally prevalent. Important similarities and differences between the juvenile‐ and adult‐onset forms of OCD can be seen: both show the same clinical phenotype, diagnostic nosology, and dose responsivity, but the early‐onset disorder differs in being clearly male preponderant, more highly familial, and associated with a distinct pattern of comorbid psychopathology, including disruptive behavior and specific developmental disorders. These findings have implications both for clinical management and for future research, which could consider age of onset as an important factor in studies of all OCD patients.
Treatment of Lateral Knee Pain Using Soft Tissue Mobilization in Four Female Triathletes

Study Design Prospective case series. Background These case reports present results of the treatment of lateral knee pain in four female amateur triathletes. The athletes were referred to the author’s clinic with either a diagnosis of iliotibial band friction syndrome or patellofemoral pain syndrome, all four having symptoms for longer than seven months. Changes in training routines were identified as the possible cause of the overuse injuries that eventually developed into chronic conditions. Intervention Treatment involved soft tissue mobilization of the musculotendinous structures on the lateral aspect of the knee. Results At four weeks, three of the athletes improved 9 to 19 points on the Lower Extremity Functional Scale, 3 to 5 points on the Global Rating of Change Scale, and demonstrated improvement in hamstring and iliotibial band flexibility. At eight weeks the Global Rating of Change for these three athletes was a 7 (“a very great deal better”) and they had returned to triathlon training with no complaints of lateral knee pain. One athlete did not respond to treatment and eventually underwent arthroscopic surgery for debridement of a lateral meniscus tear. Conclusions After ruling out common causes for lateral knee pain such as lateral meniscus tear, lateral collateral ligament sprain, patellofemoral dysfunction, osteochondral injury, biceps femoris tendonitis, iliotibial band friction syndrome or osteoarthritis, soft tissue restriction should be considered a potential source of dysfunction. In some cases soft tissue restriction is overlooked; athletes go undiagnosed and are limited from sports participation.
A 12Gb/s 0.92mW/Gb/s forwarded clock receiver based on ILO with 60MHz jitter tracking bandwidth variation using duty cycle adjuster in 65nm CMOS

This paper presents a quarter-rate forwarded clock (FC) receiver based on an injection-locked oscillator (ILO) which exploits a phenomenon that phases of the output clock are shifted by the duty cycle of an injection clock. To utilize this phase shifting phenomenon, a simple duty cycle adjuster (DCA) is proposed. By using the DCA, the proposed FC receiver achieves 760MHz of wide jitter tracking bandwidth (JTB) while consuming 11mW. Furthermore, it has only 60MHz JTB variation which is reduced by 74% compared to the conventional ILO in spite of clock deskew. The test chip achieves 12Gb/s data rate with 0.92mW/Gb/s in a 1V 65nm CMOS process.
Success factors in Balanced Scorecard implementations – A literature review

This paper uses Buchanan et al.’s (2005) framework of change to systematically synthesize the empirical literature on the implementation processes of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). We specifically examine which critical success factors (CSFs) have been neglected so far, but may play a substantial role in improving BSC implementations. While some CSFs are intuitive (such as top management support), others seem to be overrated by the conceptual literature (e.g., the speed of the implementation). Most importantly, the BSC literature has some blind spots that relate to cost-benefit analyses of the BSC, the impacts of management skills and leadership, power and politics, organizational culture, and public discourse.
Training database preparation for LTS rules training process with Wagon

This article describes a training database preparation for letter-to-sound (LTS) rules training process with Wagon. In some languages LTS rules can be simply handwritten. Slovak language is not that case. Slovak language includes a large number of special lingual phenomena. That is the reason, why automatic rule training is required and an automatic training system, which strongly depends on database is used. Training data have to be transformed and formatted into correct format. The whole process can be described in several steps. By following these steps the final product, which is suitable for training procedure, is reached.
Customer Oriented Product Selection using Fuzzy approach

Decision making problem is the process of finding the best option from all the feasible alternatives. In the paper proposed, multiple attribute decision making model using fuzzy approach is suggested to select a product when multiple alternatives having multiple attributes available to the customer in the market. Linguistic quantifiers are used in the article to estimate rank and weight of the attributes in terms of triangular or trapezoidal fuzzy numbers as required by customer preference and satisfaction level. A case study is used to illustrate the procedure of the proposed approach at the end of the paper.
Understanding engagement with insurgents through retweet rhetoric

Organisations — including insurgent movements — harness social media to engage potential consumers. They evoke sympathetic (and antipathic) response; content sharing engenders affinity and community. We report on a pilot study of presumed rhetorical intent for statuses retweeted by a set of suspected Islamic. State-sympathetic Twitter accounts. This annotation is orthogonal to prior opinion mining work focused on sentiment or stance expressed in a debate, and suggests a parallel to dialogue act classification applied to retweeting. By exploring the distribution of rhetoric among Islamic State-sympathetic and general users, we also hope to identify trends in IS social media use and user roles.