Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solubility and solution mechanisms of chlorine and fluorine in aluminosilicate melts at high pressure and high temperature

Abstract The solubility and solution behavior of F and Cl in peralkaline aluminosilicate compositions in the systems Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 and K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 have been determined for glasses quenched from melts equilibrated at 1400 and 1600 °C in the 1.0-2.5 GPa pressure range. With Al/(Al+Si) increasing from 0 to 0.33 in sodium aluminosilicate melts, F solubility (saturation concentration) increases from 3.3 to 7.4 mol%, whereas Cl solubility decreases from 5.7 to 2.5 mol%. There is no difference in F solubility in sodium or potassium aluminosilicate melts. However, the Cl solubility in potassic aluminosilicate melts is 40-60% lower than in sodic melts with the same Al/(Al+Si) and Na or K mole fraction. Fluorine depolymerizes the silicate melt structure and forms Si-F, Al-F, and Na-F complexes, the proportion of which depends on the melt Al/(Al+Si) ratio. Dissolution of Cl results in a small degree of depolymerization of Al-free silicate melt, whereas Cl has a polymerizing effect in aluminosilicate melts. In both cases, formation of Na-Cl complexes appears to be the driving solution mechanism. The differences in F and Cl solution mechanisms result in contrasting depolymerizing effects that become more pronounced with increasing degree of magmatic differentiation. Through such modifications of melt structure, F and Cl have significant effects on magma properties such as viscosity, compressibility, and element partitioning.
Integrating-sphere measurements for determining optical properties of tissue-engineered oral mucosa

Surgical procedures carried out in the oral and maxillofacial region can result in large tissue defects. Accounting for the shortage of oral mucosa to replace the excised tissues, different models of an organotypic substitute of the oral mucosa generated by tissue engineering have recently been proposed. In this work, the propagation of light radiation through artificial human oral mucosa substitutes based on fibrin-agarose scaffolds (fibrin, fibrin-0.1% agarose, fibrin-0.2%agarose) is investigated, and their optical properties are determined using the inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method based on integrating-sphere measurements. Similar values for the absorption and scattering coefficients between the fibrin and fibrin-0.1% agarose bioengineered tissues and the native oral mucosa were found. These results suggest the adequacy of these biomaterials for potential clinical use in human oral mucosa applications. These optical properties represent useful references and data for applications requiring the knowledge of the light transport through this type of tissues, applications used in clinical practice. It also provides a new method of information analysis for the quality control of the development of the artificial nanostructured oral mucosa substitutes and its comparison with native oral mucosa tissues.
Constructions of identity, belonging and exclusion in the democratic welfare state

ABSTRACT This article investigates the conflict between a shared national identity and immigration, posed by liberal, instrumental nationalists. They worry that immigration will undermine a shared national identity that is needed to generate trust and solidarity within the democratic welfare state. The article consists of a qualitative study of Swedish and British respondents. The main conclusion is that people experience and interpret their shared identity, ideas of belonging and exclusion in the democratic welfare state differently, with different consequences for the proposed conflict. When identity and belonging was tied to contributions or to institutions, rather than a nation, the conflict between a shared identity and immigration was cushioned.
Evaluation of Spatial Filtering Techniques in Retinal Fundus Images

The denoising of the fundus images is an essential pre-processing step in glaucoma diagnosis to ensure sufficient quality for the Computer Aided Diagnosing (CAD) system. In this paper, we present an evaluation approach for different denoising filters of eye fundus images that suffer from two different types of noises (Gaussian noise and Salt & Pepper noise), which had been applied to the retinal images and then various Spatial filtering techniques like linear (Gaussian, mean), nonlinear filtering (median) and adaptive filtering have been implemented to three types of images (original images, images with salt and pepper noise and images with Gaussian noise) and their performance are compared to each other based on evaluation parameters: Mean Squared Error (MSE), Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity (SSIM). The results showed that the adaptive median filter has the best performance in salt & paper noise and the adaptive filter has the best performance for Gaussian noise, but their performance is close to each other. In conclusion, six spatial filters applied to RIM-ONE fundus image database and found that, the adaptive median filter has the best performance compared to other filters to remove these noises and increase the quality of the resulting images, which can be implemented to the CAD system.
Model-based Inference for Subgroup Analysis

Model-based Inference for Subgroup Analysis by Juan Shen Chair: Professor Xuming He Subgroup analysis is an important problem in clinical trials. For example, when a new treatment is approved for use, there may be concerns that the efficacy is driven by extreme efficacy in a subgroup only. In recent years, researchers often attempt to identify a potential subgroup with an enhanced treatment effect. In this dissertation, we assume that there exist two potential subgroups in which the subjects react differently to the treatment. We propose a logistic-normal mixture model where the group means as well as the mixing proportions may be covariate-dependent. Testing the existence of subgroups is critical in the mixture model, but requires nonstandard statistical tests. We derive a test based on a small number of EM iterations towards the likelihood, and propose the bootstrap approximation for the critical values of the test. When subgroups exist, the mixture model helps us identify the factors that are associated with the group membership. We apply the proposed method to the Aids Clinical Trials Group 320 study, and demonstrate that the patients with higher values of baseline CD4 or RNA tend to benefit significantly more by adding a protease inhibitor to two nucleoside analogues. We also extend our results to the logistic-normal mixture models with unequal variances across subgroups. x
Identifying barriers to influenza vaccination recommendation adherence in an academic outpatient primary care clinic setting

Objective: The objectives of this study were to identify barriers to influenza vaccination recommendation adherence and determine potential methods to improve influenza vaccination rates at the outpatient primary care health centers within an academic health care system. Methods: This descriptive study consisted of a questionnaire distributed to primary care providers at outpatient health centers within an academic health care system. The questionnaire assessed provider opinions regarding knowledge of influenza vaccination recommendations, barriers to following clinical guidelines, and methods to decrease delay of guideline use. Influenza vaccination rates at each of the health centers were also determined through documentation of vaccination for adults who visited a primary care provider during the 2011-2012 influenza season. Vaccination rates were used as a potential model for vaccination recommendation adherence. Results: When providers were asked about barriers to guideline implementation, 75.0% stated lack of awareness that guidelines have been released and 62.5% identified insufficient time to learn new guidelines as barriers. When asked which would be useful to more quickly implement clinical guidelines, respondents selected education for providers of new guidelines (79.2%), reminders in the electronic medical record (62.5%), and involvement of other health care professionals including pharmacists (54.2%) as potential strategies. Most questionnaire respondents (70.8%) strongly agreed that well-developed guidelines would improve quality of care at their practice site. During the 2011-2012 influenza season, 26.0% of 67,827 adults with an office visit at all outpatient health centers had documentation of administration of an influenza vaccine. Conclusion: Influenza vaccination rates at the outpatient primary care health centers at this academic health care system represent an area for improvement. Provider perceived barriers to clinical practice guideline implementation and adherence at the health centers include lack of awareness of new guidelines and lack of resources such as time and personnel to follow all recommendations. A health care system-wide process needs to be created to better identify strategies to improve adherence to influenza vaccination recommendations and vaccination documentation. Type: Original Research
Lotman and play: For a theory of playfulness based on semiotics of culture

The aim of the article is to introduce an approach to play based on semiotics of culture and, in particular, grounded in the works and ideas of Juri Lotman. On the one hand, it provides an overview of Lotman’s works dedicated to play and games, starting from his article on art among other modelling systems, in which the phenomenon of play is treated deeply, and mentioning Lotman’s articles dedicated to various forms of play forms, such as involving dolls and playing cards. On the other hand, it applies a few Lotmanian theories and ideas to playfulness in order to shed some light on this highly debated, as well as intriguing, anthropic activity. Thus, the paper approaches some of the core questions for a play theory, such as the definition of play, the cultural role of toys and playthings, the importance of unpredictability, the position held by playfulness in the semiosphere and, finally, the differences and commonalities between play and art. Lotman’s theories and works, often integrated by other existing semiotic or ludologic perspectives offer an extremely insightful and fresh take on play and illustrate the great heuristic potential of semiotics of culture.
The Design and Implementation of Sports Sprint Training Monitoring System

The purpose of this paper is to study the relevant issues of the design and implementation of sports sprint training monitoring system. The current sports sprint training not only focuses on speed, strength and skill, but also emphasizes the coordination between lower limb training and upper limb action. In this way, the demand of current sports sprint training can be satisfied. To this issue, the design of sports sprint training monitoring system can be optimized based on STC89C51RC single chip technology. The results demonstrate that the optimization of sports sprint training monitoring system design can help coaches discover negative movement habits and correct wrong sprint action of athletes timely in actual sports sprint training process. The strength data of athletes in sports sprint training acquired through the monitoring system can improve the precision of strength data acquisition in sprint training, and the value of improvement is 30.2%, displaying system application benefit. The results indicate that the optimization of sports sprint training monitoring system design can positively develop the realized value. This system design scheme to be popularized in practice.
Control of Postharvest Decay by Fumigation with Acetic Acid or Plant Volatile Compounds

Stored pome, stone fruit and berry crops are subject to postharvest decay if they are not protected against plant pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Monilinia spp. , or Rhizopus stolonifer. Decay in table grapes primarily caused by B. cinerea is prevented by frequent fumigations with sulfur dioxide over the storage period. Although there are many advantages to the use of fumigation, it is used infrequently for the control of postharvest decay. Studies on a wide range of materials that can be used as fumigants has identified several that appear to be good candidates for use on berries, pome fruit, and stone fruit to prevent postharvest decay. In this review the focus is on two classes of naturally occurring chemicals used as fumigants, acetic acid and plant volatile compounds. The first that is discussed is acetic acid usually applied as a vapor of glacial acetic acid or occasionally as vinegar. Details are presented on its use for both large and small volumes of produce as well as its use as a sanitizing agent for storage rooms and bins. Results from several published studies with a wide range of crops and under various conditions of temperature and humidity are summarized. These results provide a good picture of the efficacy of AA vapor and its potential to cause phytotoxicity on certain crops. Two compounds identified as plant volatiles, hexanal and 2-trans-hexenal, are discussed in detail. In this review the emphasis is placed on their ability to inhibit postharvest pathogens and their use in an overall postharvest strategy in combination with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP).
Physical Parameters of SDSS Stars, the Nature of the SDSS ‘Ring around the Galaxy’, and the SEGUE Project

Abstract Although the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) was primarily envisioned as a tool for understanding the nature of the ‘high redshift’ universe, significant discoveries have already been made at lower redshift, z ∼ 0, through studies of stars in the Milky Way galaxy. We have begun to explore the nature of the Milky Way by detailed investigation of the publicly accessible SDSS archive, using spectroscopically targeted stars of special interest (e.g. field horizontal-branch stars, carbon-enhanced stars, and F- and G-type turnoff stars), as well as the stars originally selected as photometric and reddening standards. The first step is to use the SDSS data (which includes independently calibrated five-band photometry and spectrophotometry of individual stars) to derive reliable estimates of the stellar physical parameters, such as Teff, log g, and [Fe/H], for stars that have been observed to date. Of particular interest, at present, are the stars that are apparently associated with the Monoceros Stream (also known as the SDSS ‘Ring around the Galaxy’), for which we report derived metallicities. The techniques we have developed for derivation of the physical parameters for these stars are presently being applied to other stars in the SDSS database, including the Early Data Release (EDR), as well as the first official public database, DR-1. Here we report on the progress made to date, and comment on what might be explored in the near future from a dedicated extension of the SDSS survey (SEGUE) that specifically targets stars in the Milky Way.
Hartree-Fock Simulation of Persistent Current in Rings with Single Scatterer

Using the self-consistent Hartree–Fock approximation for spinless electrons at zero temperature, we calculate the persistent current of the interacting electron gas in a one-dimensional ring containing a single δ barrier. Our results agree with correlated models like the Luttinger liquid model and lattice model with nearest-neighbor interaction. The persistent current is a sine-like function of magnetic flux. It decays with the ring length (L) faster than L−1 and eventually like L−α−1, where α > 0 is universal.
The Power of Freedom: Setting up a Multimodal Exhibition with Undergraduate Students to Foster Their Learning and Help Them to Achieve.

The present paper explores the opportunities created by an emancipatory approach to learning and teaching when combined with embedded peer mentoring. First year undergraduate students - most from non-traditional backgrounds - were set the task to explore learning spaces at their university and to present their findings in creative ways in a Multimodal Exhibition during Enhancement Week. They were supported by second year students on their course who acted as coaches, role models, and critics. Our experience - and feedback by students - showed that serious learning is taking place when students are given "the freedom to learn".
The Accuracy of Chest Computed Tomography Findings in Differentiation of Exudative from Transudative Pleural Effusion

1 Reza Javad Rashid1, Javad Jalili1, Shohreh Sadr Arhami1, Hengameh Khadivi Heris1, Afshin Habibzadeh2, Masumeh Ahmadi Mohtasham1 1Dep. Radiology and Radiotherapy, Imam Reza Teaching Hospital, 2Dept. of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Plevral Efüzyonun BT Bulguları / CT Findings of Pleural Effusion The Accuracy of Chest Computed Tomography Findings in Differentiation of Exudative from Transudative Pleural Effusion
SïliSilll Genetic analysis of the adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to high osmolality

The osmoregulatory response of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by using mainly a genetical approach. The yeast cells respond to hyper-osmotic stress by an enhanced production and accumulation of glycerol. Synthesis of glycerol is carried out by a cytoplasmic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) and a glycerol 3-phosphatase (GPP). The GPP activity was shown to be due to two isoenzymes, Gpplp and Gpp2p. Production of Gpp2p was induced by hyper osmotic stress and controlled by the osmo signaling high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway. The GPP1 and GPP2 genes were identified by using a reverse genetics approach. The PBS2 gene encoding a MAP kinase activator of the HOG pathway was cloned by complementation of the osg2 mutant isolated in a screen for osmosensitive glyceroidefective mutants. The effect of a PBS2 deletion on protein expression during adaptation to high salinity was analyzed by two dimensional Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of the 29 highly NaClresponsive proteins, all showed induction that was dependent on PBS2. The kinetics of the protein induction and the transcriptional activation of the GPP2 and GPD1 genes, indicate the HOG pathway is mainly important for a rapid and transient response after transfer of cells to increased osmolarity. The SGD1 gene, implied in the regulation of glycerol synthesis, was cloned as a suppressor of the osg3 defect. The protein encoded by SGD1 is essential, deletion of the gene is lethal. The predicted amino acid sequence contains a strong nuclear localization signal and a leucine zipper motif. High dosage of SGDI relieves sensitivity of HOG pathway mutants to salt stress. This effect involves increased glycerol production and enhanced expression of the osmostress induced GPD1 gene. SGDI appears to be subject to negative autoregulation; increased gene dosage leads to reduced levels of SGDI transcript. The results suggest that Sgdlp functions as a repressor of GPD1 (and possibly GPP2) expression in a HOG pathway dependent fashion. The SOT1 gene involved in tolerance to Na+ stress was isolated as a suppressor of the osg4 mutant. Deletion of the SOT1 gene rendered the cells specifically sensitive to Na+ and sotl cells display increased intracellular Na+/K+ ratios at high external salinities. The protein encoded by the SOT1 gene exhibits homology to tumor suppressor proteins known to interact with the cytoskeleton.
Irrigation scheduling and winter wheat grain yield estimation under precipitation uncertainty – A case study in Badjgah area (Fars Province, Iran)

Addressing deficit irrigation scheduling (DIS) for strategic crop production (especially wheat) under precipitation uncertainty is a priority for irrigation scheduling in drought conditions. This research investigated the precipitation uncertainty by enacting optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for the next 20 years by considering the statistical record of climate in Badjgah area. DIS was conducted in spring in two ways: (1) reducing the quantity of irrigation water at each irrigation event; (2) reducing the number of full irrigation events. Results indicated that, owing to the effect of precipitation increase on yield enhancement, grain yield in the optimistic scenario was on average 7% higher than those obtained in the pessimistic scenario. Furthermore, grain yields obtained via the second method of DIS was on average 8% higher than those obtained by the first method of DIS and further by increasing the water reduction fraction (WRF) to 0.6, this difference reached about 20% due to the effect of early spring irrigation events on yield enhancement. At low irrigation application efficiency (Ea), the difference between DIS methods was greater at higher WRF. Net income obtained through the second method of DIS was on average 70% higher than those obtained via the first method of irrigation for all conditions due to decreasing the number of irrigation events and thus decreasing the production costs. Eventually, results indicated that in both scenarios of the precipitation uncertainty in drought conditions, the second method of DIS, i. e. , application of available water based on growth stage, was more fruitful.
Foreign trade barriers and jobs in global supply chains

This paper studies the impact of foreign barriers to goods and services trade on domestic jobs that are directly or indirectly related to trade flows. Using the ILO’s recently published estimates of the number of jobs in global supply chains, the empirical analysis in this paper largely confirms predictions derived from a theoretical model closely calibrated to actual data from international input-output tables. First, it identifies a sizeable cross-border impact of barriers to manufacturing trade not only on manufacturing jobs, but also on services jobs. Second, service trade barriers affect the number of jobs in both services and manufacturing. Third, spill-over effects of trade policy in one sector to jobs in other sectors have become more important over time. Based on this evidence, the paper shows the labour market consequences of the increased interconnectedness of countries and sectors through global supply chains, suggesting that trade policy can have significant external effects on foreign labour markets
Multi-agent receding horizon control with neighbour-to-neighbour communication for prevention of voltage collapse in a multi-area power system

In this study, a multi-agent receding horizon control is proposed for emergency control of long-term voltage instability in a multi-area power system. The proposed approach is based on a distributed control of intelligent agents in a multi-agent environment where each agent preserves its local information and communicates with its neighbours to find an optimal solution. In this study, optimality condition decomposition is used to decompose the overall problem into several sub-problems, each to be solved by an individual agent. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that the agents can find an optimal solution without the interaction of any central controller and by communicating with only its immediate neighbours through neighbour-to-neighbour communication. The proposed control approach is tested using the Nordic-32 test system and simulation results show its effectiveness, particularly in terms of its ability to provide solution in distributed control environment and reduce the control complexity of the problem that may be experienced in a centralised environment. The proposed approach has been compared with the traditional Lagrangian decomposition method and is found to be better in terms of fast convergence and real-time application.