Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Graphs and colors : edge-colored graphs, edge-colorings and proper connections. (Graphes et couleurs : graphes arêtes-coloriés, coloration d'arêtes et connexité propre)

Dans cette these nous etudions differents problemes de graphes et multigraphes aretes-colories tels que la connexite propre, la coloration forte d'aretes et les chaines et cycles hamiltoniens propres. Enfin, nous ameliorons l'algorithme connu $O(n^4)$ pour decider du comportement d'un graphe sous operateur biclique, en etudiant les bicliques dans les graphes sans faux jumeaux. Plus precisement, 1) Nous etudions d'abord le nombre $k$-connexite-propre des graphes, note $pc_k(G)$, c'est a dire le nombre minimum de couleurs necessaires pour colorer les aretes d'un graphe de facon a ce qu'entre chaque paire de sommets, ils existent $k$ chemins interieurement sommet-disjoints. Nous prouvons plusieurs bornes superieures pour $pc_k(G)$. Nous enoncons quelques conjectures pour les graphes generaux et bipartis et nous les prouvons dans le cas ou $k = 1$. 2) Nous etudions l'existence de chaines et de cycles hamiltoniens propres dans les multigraphes aretes-colories. Nous etablissons des conditions suffisantes, en fonction de plusieurs parametres tels que le nombre d'aretes, le degre arc-en-ciel, la connexite, etc. 3) Nous montrons que l'indice chromatique fort est lineaire au degre maximum pour tout graphe $k$-degenere ou, $k$ est fixe. En corollaire, notre resultat conduit a une amelioration des constantes et donne egalement un algorithme plus simple et plus efficace pour cette famille de graphes. De plus, nous considerons les graphes planaires exterieurs. Nous donnons une formule pour trouver l'indice chromatique fort exact pour les graphes bipartis planaires exterieurs. Nous ameliorons egalement la borne superieure pour les graphes planaires exterieurs generaux. 4) Enfin, nous etudions les bicliques dans les graphes sans faux jumeaux et nous presentons ensuite un algorithme $O(n+m)$ pour reconnaitre les graphes convergents et divergents en ameliorant l'algorithme $O(n^4)$.
Distribution, Organization, and Ecology of Bacteria in Chronic Wounds

ABSTRACT Between 1 and 2% of the population in the developed world experiences a nonhealing or chronic wound characterized by an apparent arrest in a stage dominated by inflammatory processes. Lately, research groups have proposed that bacteria might be involved in and contribute to the lack of healing of these wounds. To investigate this, we collected and examined samples from chronic wounds obtained from 22 different patients, all selected because of suspicion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization. These wound samples were investigated by standard culturing methods and peptide nucleic acid-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA FISH) for direct identification of bacteria. By means of the culturing methods, Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the majority of the wounds, whereas P. aeruginosa was observed less frequently. In contrast, using PNA FISH, we found that a large fraction of the wounds contained P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, PNA FISH revealed the structural organization of bacteria in the samples. It appeared that P. aeruginosa aggregated as microcolonies imbedded in the matrix component alginate, which is a characteristic hallmark of the biofilm mode of growth. The present investigation suggests that bacteria present within these wounds tend to be aggregated in microcolonies imbedded in a self-produced matrix, characteristic of the biofilm mode of growth. Additionally, we must conclude that there exists no good correlation between bacteria detected by standard culturing methods and those detected by direct detection methods such as PNA FISH. This strongly supports the development of new diagnostic and treatment strategies for chronic wounds.
Rôle de deux suppresseurs de tumeurs TET2 et P53 dans un contexte hématopoïétique

TET2 et P53, deux suppresseurs de tumeurs, jouent un role important dans l’homeostasie des cellules souches hematopoietiques et sont trouves mutes dans les hemopathies malignes. Ils sont aussi impliques dans le controle du cycle cellulaire et les mecanismes de reparation des dommages de l’ADN, notamment la voie de reparation par excision de base (BER). Dans la premiere partie de ce travail, nous avons montre que la surexpression de TET2 et l’augmentation consecutive des 5hmC, ralentit la progression du cycle cellulaire et la transition G1/S et induit une instabilite centrosomique associee a une instabilite chromosomique dans un modele cellulaire Ba/F3. De plus, la surexpression de TET2 induit l’augmentation de la mutagenese particulierement des transitions C->T dans les sites CpG dans un contexte deficient en thymidine DNA glycosylase (TDG), une proteine initiatrice du BER. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, nous avons montre que l’activation de P53, par des antagonistes de MDM2, a un effet deletere sur tous les progeniteurs hematopoietiques. Ces antagonistes induisent aussi une cytotoxicite non seulement dans les stades precoces de la megacaryopoiese mais surtout dans les stades tardifs. Cette cytotoxicite n’est pas reversible, contrairement a ce qui est observe en clinique, et ne peut pas etre restauree par des doses croissantes de thrombopoietine. Au total, TET2 et P53 doivent etre strictement regules pour assurer l’homeostasie et la stabilite genetique des cellules hematopoietiques.
Pro‐inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by specific components in ambient particulate matter in human bronchial epithelial cells

Previous studies have shown that biological effect of particulate matter (PM2.5) is involved in including chemical composition and mass concentration, but the precise components and biological action on human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS‐2B) are still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro toxicity of PM2.5 collected at six urban sites in China, and to investigate how particle composition affects cytotoxicity. We used human bronchial epithelial (BEAS‐2B) cell lines as model in vitro to expose to PM2.5 from different source, and then reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity were analyzed. Furthermore, we estimated the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and transition metal and the endotoxin contents. The mRNA expression of IL‐1β and IL‐10 following exposure to PM2.5 was measured by QRT‐PCR. We also observed the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) using JC‐1 staining, and apoptosis of BEAS‐2B using flow cytometry. In addition, double‐stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) were assessed using γ‐H2AX immunofluorescence. Our results show that high concentrations of PAHs and elemental Ni were strongly associated with high apoptosis rates and high expression of IL‐1β, in addition, Fe element was associated with the ROS level, furthermore, Fe and Cr element were associated with DNA damage in BEAS‐2B cells. The cytotoxic effects of urban PM2.5 derived from six different cities in China appear dependent on the specific components in each. Our results indicate that air quality standards based on PM2.5 components may be more relevant than concentration–response functions (CRF). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 923–936, 2016.
Observational modeling of strict vs conventional blood pressure control in patients with chronic kidney disease.

IMPORTANCE The effect of strict blood pressure control on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes associated with a treated systolic blood pressure (SBP) of less than 120 mm Hg vs those associated with the currently recommended SBP of less than 140 mm Hg in a national CKD database of US veterans. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Historical cohort study using a nationwide cohort of US veterans with prevalent CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and uncontrolled hypertension, who then received 1 or more additional blood pressure medications with evidence of a decrease in SBP. Propensity scores were calculated to reflect each individual's probability for future SBP less than 120 vs 120 to 139 mm Hg. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The effect of SBP on all-cause mortality was evaluated by the log-rank test, and in Cox models adjusted for propensity scores. RESULTS Using a database of 651,749 patients with CKD, we identified 77,765 individuals meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 5760 patients experienced follow-up treated SBP of less than 120 mm Hg and 72,005 patients had SBP of 120 to 139 mm Hg. During a median follow-up of 6.0 years, 19,517 patients died, with 2380 deaths in the SBP less than 120 mm Hg group (death rate, 80.9/1000 patient-years [95% CI, 77.7-84.2/1000 patient-years]) and 17,137 deaths in the SBP 120 to 139 mm Hg group (death rate, 41.8/1000 patient-years [95% CI, 41.2-42.4/1000 patient-years]; P < .001). The mortality hazard ratio (95% CI) associated with follow-up SBP less than 120 vs 120 to 139 mm Hg was 1.70 (1.63-1.78) after adjustment for propensity scores. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our results suggest that stricter SBP control is associated with higher all-cause mortality in patients with CKD. Confirmation of these findings by ongoing clinical trials would suggest that modeling of therapeutic interventions in observational cohorts may offer useful guidance for the treatment of conditions that lack clinical trial data.
Phorbol esters modulate the phosphorylation of human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax

The Tax protein from human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is a 40-kDa phosphoprotein capable of activating transcription from its own long terminal repeat (LTR), as well as increasing the transcription of cellular genes. Transcriptional activation of the HTLV-I LTR has been demonstrated via a cyclic-AMP-responsive element within the 21-bp Tax-responsive elements of the LTR. Phorbol esters also upregulate expression via the LTR. Since phosphorylation of Tax may play a role in these processes, we investigated the relative effects of kinase-stimulating agents on 32P incorporation into Tax. Our studies demonstrated that the phorbol ester 4 beta-phorbol-12 beta-myristate-13 alpha-acetate greatly stimulated Tax phosphorylation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In contrast, 8-bromoadenosine 3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate induced little stimulation of Tax phosphorylation. Tax phosphorylation occurred only on serine residues and was mapped to a single tryptic fragment in both Tax-producing human lymphocytes and mouse fibroblast cells.
Gender, mass media and social change: a case study of TV commercials.

Informing, entertaining, and persuading, mass media, especially television, is a powerful factor in the functioning of and change in any society. Mass media can be studied in its various roles as an agent of social change, a reflector of dominant values, and as a reinforcer of dominant values. Results from a 1997 spot survey of 150 television commercials presented on Doordarshan over a 4-week period support the role of the mass media in India as a reflector and reinforcer of dominant cultural values. By indirectly projecting the social norms on how women are expected to behave, television commercials have reproduced patriarchal values in India which are reinforced through the glamorization and naturalization of women's domestic roles, by glorifying the role of mother, by portraying women in public life in soft roles and subordinate jobs, and popularizing the image of women as sex objects and objects of beauty. Changes should be made in the way television in India portrays women to reflect their changing roles and positions in society.
Caracterizacíon de las particulas ultrafinas en suspension generadas por la soldadura de planchas de acero

Este estudio se centra en la caracterizacion de las particulas ultrafinas emitidas durante el proceso de soldadura de acero utilizando mezclas de Ar+CO 2 , y su objetivo es analizar cuales son, de entre los parametros principales del proceso, aquellos que pueden influir en la propia emision. Se hallo que la cantidad de particulas ultrafinas emitidas (medidas en numero de particulas y area de la superficie de deposito en la region alveolar) depende claramente de la distancia al frente de soldadura, asi como de los principales parametros de la soldadura, a saber: la intensidad de la corriente y el aporte termico durante el proceso. La emision de particulas ultrafinas en suspension parece aumentar con la intensidad de la corriente, al igual que la tasa de formacion de humo. Al comparar las mezclas de gas testadas, se observa una emision mayor en las mezclas mas oxidativas, es decir, mezclas con un mayor contenido de CO 2 , que proporcionan una mayor estabilidad del arco. Estas mezclas generan concentraciones mayores de particulas ultrafinas (medidas en numero de particulas por cm 3 de aire) y una mayor area de la superficie de deposito de las particulas en la region alveolar, lo que incrementa la peligrosidad de la exposicion del trabajador.
Genetic identity of the critically endangered Wimmer's shrew Crocidura wimmeri

Coastal primary rainforests have suffered damage in Cote d'Ivoire as a result of a lack of protection and urban pressures. Consequently, the highly endemic and critically endangered Wimmer's shrew, Crocidura wimmeri, known only from its type locality, Adiopodoume, near Abidjan, was considered to have been extinct since 1976. Shrew species assignment is often problematic because of strong phenotypic similarities among many species. The phylogenetic position of C. wimmeri within the African Crocidura species should thus be clarified. In light of its recent rediscovery in the nearby small Banco National Park (34 km2), we investigated the genetic identity of seven specimens of C. wimmeri, based on 1020 bp of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene compared to other species sampled in the same region and published sequences from GenBank. Crocidura wimmeri formed a well-defined clade, the closest-related species being Crocidura sp. , with a distance of 9.3%, a yet unknown species from Tai and Ziama forests. These results thus confirmed the validity of this species. This genetic characterization not only contributes to our knowledge of the evolution of West African shrews, but also may help in the discovery of additional populations of this critically endangered species. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 111, 224–229.
Identification of distinct cytomorphologic features in the diagnosis of NIFTP at the time of preoperative FNA: Implications for patient management

A major reclassification occurred with the redesignation of noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) due to its indolent nature. The aim of this study was to determine whether distinct cytomorphologic features could be identified on preoperative fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) when NIFTP cases were compared with invasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) subtypes.
A Bayesian network approach to explaining time series with changing structure

Many examples exist of multivariate time series where dependencies between variables change over time. If these changing dependencies are not taken into account, any model that is learnt from the data will average over the different dependency structures. Paradigms that try to explain underlying processes and observed events in multivariate time series must explicitly model these changes in order to allow non-experts to analyse and understand such data. In this paper we have developed a method for generating explanations in multivariate time series that takes into account changing dependency structure. We make use of a dynamic Bayesian network model with hidden nodes. We introduce a representation and search technique for learning such models from data and test it on synthetic time series and real-world data from an oil refinery, both of which contain changing underlying structure. We compare our method to an existing EM-based method for learning structure. Results are very promising for our method and we include sample explanations, generated from models learnt from the refinery dataset.
Probable Association of Hearing Loss, Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly

Abstract Introduction The aging process causes changes in body structure in a continuous manner, and contributes to clinical disorders. Life expectancy is increasing, especially in developing countries. Objective To assess the prevalence of hearing loss and its possible association with hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the elderly. Methods A cross-sectional study with 519 elderly individuals aged over 60 years who underwent an audiological evaluation (pure tone audiometry), and answered a comorbidity questionnaire that included questions about age, gender, tinnitus and medical history, with data concerning DM. The dependent variable was the presence of hearing loss. The independent variables were age, gender, DM and hypertension. The variables were presented in absolute numbers and proportions, and enabled us to estimate the prevalence. The statistical analysis was performed through multiple logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals and values of p < 0.05 for the hearing loss and its associated factors. Results A total of 519 subjects of both genders with a median age of 69 years were evaluated, and the individuals who did not attend the audiometric test were excluded from the study, so the final sample was composed of 498 subjects. Sensorineural hearing loss was more prevalent (66.26%) of most frequently with bilateral hearing loss of 91.56% and 26.50% with mild degree. The statistical analysis showed that the variable DM was associated with the high frequency of hearing loss in the elderly, and according to the multiple logistic regression, the risk factors are independent of the hearing loss only for age and exposure to occupational noise. Conclusions There was a statistically significant difference between hearing loss at high frequencies and the risk factors, that is, age and DM.
EFECTO DEL POTASIO EN LA BIORREMEDIACIÓN DE UN SUELO CONTAMINADO CON UN CRUDO LIVIANO

El nitrogeno y el fosforo juegan un papel importante en la biorremediacion de los suelos contaminados con hidrocarburos de petroleo; sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre el efecto del potasio. En este estudio se evaluo el uso de tres relaciones carbono: potasio, con y sin adicion de nitrogeno y fosforo, sobre la biorremediacion de un suelo franco arenoso contaminado con un crudo mediano. Para alcanzar este objetivo se determinaron las tasas de degradacion y biodegradacion, expresadas como porcentaje del contenido inicial de crudo a los 0, 15, 45 y 60 dias. Asimismo, se midio la produccion de CO2, y se realizaron analisis cualitativos de las fracciones de hidrocarburos remanentes mediante cromatografia de gases con detector de ionizacion a la llama en los tratamientos con N, P y K. La tasa de degradacion (que incluye las perdidas por procesos abioticos) y la tasa de biodegradacion (que no incluye las perdidas por procesos abioticos) resultaron mayores (72-75 % en 60 dias) en los tratamientos con N (C/N: 60) y P(C/P: 800) con cualquiera de las relaciones C/K evaluadas (C/K: 200 C/K: 400, C/K: 600). Adicionalmente, se obtuvo una mayor produccion de CO2 y se registro una disminucion marcada de las parafinas lineales. Estos resultados demuestran que la utilizacion de K, en combinacion con N y P, proporciona un incremento en la tasa de biodegradacion, por lo que deberia usarse la relacion C:K 600:1, que implica menos uso de potasio y por tanto menor costo en fertilizacion. Palabras clave adicionales: Biodegradacion, nitrogeno, fosforo, nutrimentos
“Toll” Extending Its Gate from Drosophila Development to T Cell Response: Implication in Innate Immunity, Adaptive Immunity and Immunotherapy

“Toll” protein was originally discovered as a developmental marker in fruit fly (Drosophila). Now Toll like receptor (TLR) is envisioned as one of the important innate immune group of receptors regulating mammalian immune system. Interestingly, TLR response has been translated in immuno-pathology of most of the diseases and its immune responses including tumor immunity, infection immunity and autoimmunity. Moreover, in very recent time, TLR response has been suggested to modulate cell mediated immunity (CMI). Accordingly, the new paradigm of TLR response in T cell proposes a challenging work of T cell biology, both in basic and in translational research. Here we have reviewed the structural and functional homology of “Toll” protein in Drosophila and mammalian TLR, role of TLR in innate immunity, adaptive immunity and immunotherapy, recent updates of TLR response in T cells and the yet unanswered questions on the role of TLR in T cells to explore the new paradigm of TLR as one of the important connecting bridges between innate and adaptive immunity.
A Full-Bridge DC–DC Converter WithZero-Voltage-Switching Overthe Entire Conversion Range

A new topology of full-bridge dc-dc converter is proposed featuring zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of active switches over the entire conversion range. In contrast to conventional techniques, the stored energy in the auxiliary inductor of the proposed converter is minimal under full-load condition and it progressively increases as the load current decreases. Therefore, the ZVS operation over the entire conversion range is achieved without significantly increasing full-load conduction loss making the converter particularly suitable in applications where the output is required to be adjustable over a wide range and load resistance is fixed (e.g., an electromagnet power supply). The principle of operation is described and the considerations in the design of converter are discussed. Performance of the proposed converter is verified with experimental results on a 500-W, 100-kHz prototype.
Diffusion-weighted MRI abnormalities as an early diagnostic marker for Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) for the early diagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD). Methods: Thirty-six consecutive patients (age 56 to 82 years) were enrolled, and 26 were examined by DWI. Nine were definite based on the World Health Organization criteria, and 27 were probable. The percentages of DWI abnormalities, periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWCs) on the EEG, detection of CSF 14-3-3 protein, and increase of CSF neuron-specific enolase (>25 ng/mL) on the first examination were compared. For DWI, 32 patients (age 31 to 84 years) who showed progressive dementia or impaired consciousness served as disease controls. Results: The percentage of DWI abnormalities was 92.3%, of PSWCs 50.0%, of 14-3-3 protein detection 84.0%, and of NSE increase 73.3%. Two of the 32 control subjects were falsely positive on DWI. The sensitivity of DWI was 92.3% (95% CI 74.8 to 99.5%) and specificity 93.8% (95% CI 79.2 to 99.2%). In 17 patients who did not show PSWCs on the first EEG, abnormal DWI findings were still clearly detected. Four patients who were negative for 14-3-3 protein also showed DWI abnormalities. DWI abnormalities were detected as early as at 3 weeks of symptom duration in four patients in whom PSWCs were not yet evident. Conclusions: DWI can detect characteristic lesions in the majority of patients with CJD regardless of the presence of PSWCs. DWI was the most sensitive test for the early clinical diagnosis of CJD; consideration should be given to its inclusion in the clinical diagnostic criteria of CJD.