Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Management of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: New Hopes but New Challenges

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients and leads to a significant increase in health care costs. Cancer patients often suffer from multiple co-morbidities and have both a greater risk of VTE recurrence and bleeding compared to non-cancer patients. Anticoagulation is therefore challenging. For many years, long-term therapy with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH) was the standard of care for the management of cancer-associated VTE. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), which offer the convenience of an oral administration and have a rapid onset of action, have recently been proposed as a new option in this setting. Head-to-head comparisons between DOAC and LMWHs for the treatment of established VTE are now available, and data on the efficacy and safety of these drugs for primary prophylaxis of VTE in ambulatory cancer patients receiving systemic anticancer therapy are emerging. This narrative review aims to summarize the main recent advances in the prevention and treatment of cancer-associated VTE, including recent data on the use of individualized factors to stratify the risk of VTE in each individual patient, quality-of-life in patients treated with LMWH, and the place that DOACs will likely take in the cancer-associated VTE management landscape.
DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF THE FIRST PHASE OF THE NEW CHRONOGRAPHICAL STANDARD PROTOCOL FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SCHEDULING

Graphical modeling is considered to be a suitable approach for displaying project data because of its ability to communicate information clearly and effectively through graphic means such as shapes, connectors, colours and textures. However, current methods and software do not propose a standard protocol for the graphical representation of the scheduling. Little research has been undertaken in this area and therefore, it has been up to the individual planner to set his or her own standard. We have developed the first phase of a new standard protocol for construction project scheduling compatible with Chronographical Modeling. This first phase consists of the development and validation of a graphic convention including textures and colours. The present paper discusses the validation phase of this convention. Its main objective is to validate a range of textures that represent the construction activities. This validation was performed through a case study with the participation of 15 planners, as well as graduate and undergraduate students. It consists of several tests including the application of the various textures of the proposed convention to a building scheduling. The results of the case study were used to assess the suitability of the protocol and its visual clarity while simultaneously seeking to diminish the mental effort necessary for finding information. Future phases are designed to integrate other graphic elements to the protocol, such as shapes, symbols and codes.
Melatonin regulation of transcription in the reversal of morphine tolerance: Microarray analysis of differential gene expression

Tolerance and associated hyperalgesia induced by long-term morphine administration substantially restrict the clinical use of morphine in pain treatment. Melatonin, a neurohormone released by the pineal gland, has been demonstrated to attenuate anti-nociceptive morphine tolerance. The present study investigates differentially expressed genes in the process of morphine tolerance and altered gene expression subsequent to melatonin treatment in chronic morphine-infused ratspinal cords. Morphine tolerance was induced in male Wistar rats by intrathecal morphine infusion (the MO group). Melatonin (the MOMa group) was administered to overcome the effects derived by morphine. The mRNA collected from L5-S3 of the spinal cord was extracted and analysed by rat expression microarray. Principal component analysis and clustering analysis revealed that the overall gene profiles were different in morphine and melatonin treatments. Subsequent to Gene Ontology analysis, the biological processes of differentially expressed genes of MO and MOMa compared with the control group were constructed. Furthermore, a panel of genes exclusively expressed following melatonin treatment and another panel of genes with inverse expression between the MO and MOMa group were also established. Subsequent to PANTHER pathway analysis, a group of genes with inverse expression following melatonin administrated compared with morphine alone were identified. The expression levels of genes of interest were also confirmed using a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The gene panel that was constructed suggests a potential signaling pathway in morphine tolerance development and is valuable for investigating the mechanism of morphine tolerance and the regulatory gene profiles of melatonin treatment. These results may contribute to the discovery of potential drug targets in morphine tolerance treatments in the future.
Combining RISC and CISC in PC systems

RISC processors are being increasingly used in computers in which performance is a key feature. However, their take-up may be restricted by the limited availability of software compared to that available for established machines, normally based on CISC processors. The paper describes a method in which RISC and CISC processors have been combined into the same machine in order to offer compatibility with a wide software base (that of the PC) and, at the same time, access to state-of-the-art computing performance. The hardware and software issues involved and the level of integration which can be achieved are also considered.
The ER membrane protein complex promotes biogenesis of sterol-related enzymes maintaining cholesterol homeostasis

ABSTRACT The eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane contains essential complexes that oversee protein biogenesis and lipid metabolism, impacting nearly all aspects of cell physiology. The ER membrane protein complex (EMC) is a newly described transmembrane domain (TMD) insertase linked with various phenotypes, but whose clients and cellular responsibilities remain incompletely understood. We report that EMC deficiency limits the cellular boundaries defining cholesterol tolerance, reflected by diminished viability with limiting or excessive extracellular cholesterol. Lipidomic and proteomic analyses revealed defective biogenesis and concomitant loss of the TMD-containing ER-resident enzymes sterol-O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) and squalene synthase (SQS, also known as FDFT1), which serve strategic roles in the adaptation of cells to changes in cholesterol availability. Insertion of the weakly hydrophobic tail-anchor (TA) of SQS into the ER membrane by the EMC ensures sufficient flux through the sterol biosynthetic pathway while biogenesis of polytopic SOAT1 promoted by the EMC provides cells with the ability to store free cholesterol as inert cholesteryl esters. By facilitating insertion of TMDs that permit essential mammalian sterol-regulating enzymes to mature accurately, the EMC is an important biogenic determinant of cellular robustness to fluctuations in cholesterol availability. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Highlighted Article: The ER membrane protein complex promotes biogenesis of key membrane-bound enzymes responsible for regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and storage, an important determinant of mammalian cell viability.
Viral Hepatitis Infections in Africa - A Meta-analysis

Hepatitis infections are a global public health challenge involving the inflammatory condition of the liver. Transmission is a common occurrence and a potential risk especially in Sub-Saharan Africa which is an area of high endemicity. The objective of the present work was to investigate incidence of viral hepatitis infections in Africa. Literature search was performed using Pubmed, American society for microbiology (ASM) journals, Googlescholar and other sources to establish conclusions from the results of randomized and cross sectional clinical studies in Africa. The quality of studies was assessed using descriptive and inferential statistics with adjusted odds ratio of 95% confidence interval (CI) for the most prevalent hepatitis infection, ages of susceptible individuals and health status involved. The results revealed the most and least prevalent Hepatitis as B and A respectively. Seroprevalence was highest among women 21Â–25 years of age. About three-quarter (73.4%) were in their third trimester of pregnancy. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors that are significantly associated with maternofetal transmission which remains a contributor to high prevalence of chronic infection. We found that viral load and age showed significant contributions. The results showed high correlation between viral hepatitis and maternofetal transmission in pregnant women.
Need for Intervention Services for Promotion of Condom Use by Female Sex Workers to Consider Size of Entertainment Venues: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Consistent condom use among female sex workers (FSWs) is a key intervention in China’s AIDS Control Program. Female sex workers (FSWs) in China are at increased risk for acquiring HIV/AIDS because of low knowledge about HIV transmission and inconsistent use of condoms, the grade of venues may play a role in HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and consistent condom use of female sex workers. Material/Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 802 FSWs in 2016 in Fuyang, China. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess whether there is a need of different intervention services promotion of consistent condom use among FSWs in different-grade entertainment venues. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that knowledge scores of HIV transmission routes and peer education were associated with consistent condom use in large-size venues, while peer education was associated with consistent condom use in mid-size venues. Knowledge scores of HIV non-transmission routes, knowledge scores of AIDS prevention/control, and peer education were associated with consistent condom use in small venues. Conclusions Our data suggested that the strategies for strengthen interventions on health benefits of consistent condom use of FSWs should differ by size of venue.
Optimized Clustering Algorithms for Large Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

During the past few years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become widely used due to their large amount of applications. The use of WSNs is an imperative necessity for future revolutionary areas like ecological fields or smart cities in which more than hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes are deployed. In those large scale WSNs, hierarchical approaches improve the performance of the network and increase its lifetime. Hierarchy inside a WSN consists in cutting the whole network into sub-networks called clusters which are led by Cluster Heads. In spite of the advantages of the clustering on large WSNs, it remains a non-deterministic polynomial hard problem which is not solved efficiently by traditional clustering. The recent researches conducted on Machine Learning, Computational Intelligence, and WSNs bring out the optimized clustering algorithms for WSNs. These kinds of clustering are based on environmental behaviors and outperform the traditional clustering algorithms. However, due to the diversity of WSN applications, the choice of an appropriate paradigm for a clustering solution remains a problem. In this paper, we conduct a wide review of proposed optimized clustering solutions nowadays. In order to evaluate them, we consider 10 parameters. Based on these parameters, we propose a comparison of these optimized clustering approaches. From the analysis, we observe that centralized clustering solutions based on the Swarm Intelligence paradigm are more adapted for applications with low energy consumption, high data delivery rate, or high scalability than algorithms based on the other presented paradigms. Moreover, when an application does not need a large amount of nodes within a field, the Fuzzy Logic based solution are suitable.
Verändert sich Lesen im Alter

Zusammenfassung. Lesen ist fur die meisten Menschen ein stark automatisierter, komplexer mentaler Vorgang, der einmal erlernt, scheinbar bis ins hohe Alter stabil erhalten bleibt. Dabei konnen tiefere Textverstandnisprozesse, ebenso wie reflektive oder asthetische Vorgange (z. B. bei der Poesierezeption) nur dann effizient ablaufen, wenn die zugrunde liegende Einzelworterkennung flussig funktioniert. Wahrend der Leseerwerb im Bereich der Einzelworterkennung intensiv erforscht wurde, existieren kaum Studien, welche die Entwicklung der visuellen Worterkennung im Alter systematisch untersucht haben. Dies ist verwunderlich, wenn man bedenkt, dass der Umgang mit Wortern, Sprache und Texten kognitive Prozesse rekrutiert, die im Alter von einem Ruckgang neurochemischer, -anatomischer und funktionaler Ressourcen gekennzeichnet sind. Daher war Ziel dieser Arbeit, eine Ubersicht der bisherigen Forschung von Alterseffekten auf die visuelle Worterkennung zu geben, die den aktuellen Forschungsstand zusammenzufasst. Im.
Prueba Metalografíca en Uniones Soldadas con Presencia de Corrosión en Acero Estructural: Caso de Estudio Bicicleta

En este proyecto se analizo una probeta de acero estructural el cual pertenece a un marco de bicicleta y ademas se encontraba soldado por arco electrico (Electrodo E6013). Se realizo un estudio al comportamiento que causa la corrosion en este tipo de material, posteriormente se hicieron pruebas no destructivas como analisis en el microscopio optico, microscopio electronico, microdureza y costos
Potential nutraceutical and food additive properties and risks of coffee: a comprehensive overview

Abstract Coffee is a composite mixture of more than a thousand diverse phytochemicals like alkaloids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals and nitrogenous compounds. Coffee has multifunctional properties as a food additive and nutraceutical. As a nutraceutical, coffee has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antidyslipidemic, anti-obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which can serve for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome and associated disorders. On the other hand, as a food additive, coffee has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, inhibits lipid peroxidation (LPO), and can function as a prebiotic. The outcomes of different studies also revealed that coffee intake may reduce the incidence of numerous chronic diseases, like liver disease, mental health, and it also overcomes the all-cause mortality, and suicidal risks. In some studies, high intake of coffee is linked to increase CVD risk factors, like cholesterol, plasma homocysteine and blood pressure (BP). There is also a little evidence that associated the coffee consumption with increased risk of lung tumors in smokers. Among adults who consume the moderate amount of coffee, there is slight indication of health hazards with strong indicators of health benefits. Moreover, existing literature suggests that it may be cautious for pregnant women to eliminate the chances of miscarriages and impaired fetal growth. The primary purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the findings of the positive impacts and risks of coffee consumption on human health. In conclusion, to date, the best available evidence from research indicates that drinking coffee up to 3–4 cups/day provides health benefits for most people.
Emerging trends in the prenatal diagnosis of complex CHD and its influence on infant mortality in this cohort

Abstract Background Fetal echocardiography is the main modality of prenatal diagnosis of CHD. This study was done to describe the trends and benefits associated with prenatal diagnosis of complex CHD at a tertiary care centre. Methods Retrospective chart review of patients with complex CHD over an 18-year period was performed. Rates of prenatal detection along with early and late infant mortality outcomes were studied. Results Of 381 complex CHD patients born during the study period, 68.8% were diagnosed prenatally. Prenatal detection rate increased during the study period from low-50s in the first quarter to mid-80s in the last quarter (p=0.001). Rate of detection of conotruncal anomalies increased over the study period. No infant mortality benefit was noted with prenatal detection. Conclusions Improved obstetrical screening indications and techniques have contributed to higher proportions of prenatal diagnosis of complex CHD. However, prenatal diagnosis did not confer survival benefits in infancy in our study.
Vocal production and novel word learning in the first year

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated an effect of early vocal production on infants’ speech processing and later vocabulary. This study focuses on the relationship between vocal production and new word learning. Thirty monolingual Italian-learning infants were recorded at about 11 months, to establish the extent of their consonant production. In parallel, the infants were trained on novel word–object pairs, two consisting of early learned consonants (ELC), two consisting of late learned consonants (LLC). Word learning was assessed through Preferential Looking. The results suggest that vocal production supports word learning: Only children with higher, consistent consonant production attended more to the trained ELC images.
The effect of violence prevention strategies on perceptions of workplace safety: A study of medical-surgical and mental health nurses.

AIMS To explore associations between specific violence prevention strategies and nurses' perceptions of workplace safety in medical-surgical and mental health settings. BACKGROUND Workplace violence is on the rise globally. Nurses have the highest risk of violence due to the nature of their work. Violence rates are particularly high among USA and Canadian nurses. Although multiple violence prevention strategies are currently in place in public healthcare organizations in British Columbia, Canada, it is unknown whether these approaches are associated with nurses' perceptions of workplace safety. DESIGN This is an exploratory correlational design using secondary data. METHODS Using data obtained from a province-wide survey of nurses between March 2017 - January 2018, this study included 771 nurses from medical-surgical and 189 nurses from mental health settings. Data were analysed using ordinal logistic regressions. RESULTS For medical-surgical and mental health nurses, greater perceptions of workplace safety were related to employers listening to them with respect to violence prevention strategies. Nurses in both settings were more likely to feel safe when they were not expected to physically intervene during a code white situation. Medical-surgical nurses were more likely to feel safe when code white incident reviews were conducted and fixed alarms were used. Mental health nurses were more likely to report feeling safe when they had enough properly trained code white responders on their unit. CONCLUSION Nurse-employer engagement is critical to nurses' perceptions of feeling safe at work. Engagement opportunities include nurses' involvement in discussions about appropriate violence prevention strategies, collaborative debriefing after violent incidents and co-development and updates of patients' behavioural care plans.
Ischemic stroke following elective craniotomy in children.

OBJECTIVE An ischemic stroke following an elective craniotomy in a child is perceived to be a rare event. However, to date there are few papers on this topic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of stroke following elective intracranial surgery at a children’s hospital. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of all patients who developed a perioperative stroke following an elective craniotomy from 2010 through 2017. Data were collected using an institutional database that contained demographic, medical, radiological, and outcome variables. RESULTS A total of 1591 elective craniotomies were performed at the authors’ institution during the study period. Of these, 28 (1.8%) were followed by a perioperative stroke. Radiographic diagnosis of the infarction occurred at a median of 1.7 days (range 0–9 days) from the time of surgery, and neurological deficits were apparent within 24 hours of surgery in 18 patients (62.5%). Infarcts tended to occur adjacent to tumor resection sites (86% of cases), and in a unilateral (89%), unifocal (93%), and supratentorial (93%) location. Overall, 11 (39.3%) strokes were due to a perforating artery, 10 (35.7%) were due to a large vessel, 4 (14.3%) were venous, and 3 (10.7%) were related to hypoperfusion or embolic causes. Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) was used in 11 of the 28 cases, and 6 (55%) infarcts were not detected, all of which were deep. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of stroke following an elective craniotomy is low, with nearly all cases (86%) occurring after tumor resection. Perforator infarcts were most common but may be missed on iMRI. ABBREVIATIONS ACA = anterior cerebral artery; AChA = anterior choroidal artery; ACS NSQIP-P = American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatric; CVA = cerebrovascular accident; DWI = diffusion weighted imaging; iMRI = intraoperative MRI; MCA = middle cerebral artery; mRS = modified Rankin Scale; PCA = posterior cerebral artery.
Should Viscous Fiber Supplements Be Considered in Diabetes Control? Results From a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

OBJECTIVE Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggests that viscous dietary fiber may offer beneficial effects on glycemic control and, thus, an improved cardiovascular disease risk profile. Our purpose was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs to synthesize the therapeutic effect of viscous fiber supplementation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through 15 June 2018. We included RCTs ≥3 weeks in duration that assessed the effects of viscous fiber on markers of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Two independent reviewers extracted data. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the overall certainty of the evidence. RESULTS We identified 28 eligible trial comparisons (n = 1,394). Viscous fiber at a median dose of ∼13.1 g/day significantly reduced HbA1c (MD −0.58% [95% CI −0.88, −0.28]; P = 0.0002), fasting blood glucose (MD −0.82 mmol/L [95% CI −1.32, −0.31]; P = 0.001), and HOMA-insulin resistance (IR) (MD −1.89 [95% CI −3.45, −0.33]; P = 0.02) compared with control and in addition to standard of care. The certainty of evidence was graded moderate for HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR and low for fructosamine. CONCLUSIONS Viscous fiber supplements improve conventional markers of glycemic control beyond usual care and should be considered in the management of type 2 diabetes.