Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Anesthesia ventilators].

OBJECTIVE To review anaesthesia ventilators in current use in France by categories of ventilators. DATA SOURCES References were obtained from computerized bibliographic search. (Medline), recent review articles, the library of the service and personal files. DATA SYNTHESIS Anaesthesia ventilators can be allocated into three groups, depending on whether they readminister expired gases or not or allow both modalities. Contemporary ventilators provide either constant volume ventilation, or constant pressure ventilation, with or without a pressure plateau. Ventilators readministering expired gases after CO2 absorption, or closed circuit ventilators, are either of a double- or a single-circuit design. Double-circuit ventilators, or pneumatical bag or bellows squeezers, or bag-in-bottle or bellows-in-bottle (or box) ventilators, consist of a primary, or driving circuit (bottle or box) and a secondary or patient circuit (including a bag or a bellows or membrane chambers). Bellows-in-bottle ventilators have either standing bellows ascending at expiration, or hanging bellows, descending at expiration. Ascending bellows require a positive pressure of about 2 cmH2O throughout exhalation to allow the bellows to refill. The expired gas volume is a valuable indicator for leak and disconnection. Descending bellows generate a slight negative pressure during exhalation. In case of leak or disconnection they aspirate ambient air and cannot act therefore as an indicator for integrity of the circuit and the patient connection. Closed circuit ventilators with a single-circuit (patient circuit) include a insufflating device consisting either in a bellows or a cylinder with a piston, operated by a electric or pneumatic motor. As the hanging bellows of the double circuit ventilators, they generate a slight negative pressure during exhalation and aspirate ambient air in case of leak or disconnection. Ventilators not designed for the readministration of expired gases, or open circuit ventilators, are generally stand-alone mechanical ventilators modified to allow the administration of inhalational anaesthetic agents.
Heterogeneous dose-response and college student drinking: examining problem risks related to low drinking levels.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous research demonstrates that the number of problems related to each additional drink consumed on any drinking occasion, dose-response, varies non-linearly across average drinking quantities. We test predictions from a dynamic model of drinking behavior that locates this heterogeneity in drinkers' efforts to equilibrate between costs and benefits of use. DESIGN Equations derived from the theoretical model are used to assess dose-response across drinking quantity subgroups using censored regressions. SETTING Fourteen California, USA, college campuses surveyed from 2003 to 2011. PARTICIPANTS A total of 37 762 undergraduate college students 18 years of age and older. MEASUREMENTS Drinking patterns, five physiological problems related to alcohol use (hangover, memory loss, medical treatment for overdose, nausea/vomiting, passing out) and student demographics. FINDINGS The number of physiological problems related to each additional drink consumed was an inverse function of average drinking quantities (b = 0.2947, Z = 21.92, P<0.001), differed by drinker age (of-age drinker b = -0.1144, Z = -3.95, P < 0.001) and gender (male b = -0.3379, Z = -18.56, P<0.001) and, at the population level, drinking three drinks per occasion was associated with the greatest number of problems. CONCLUSIONS Among US college students, all drinkers exhibit greater risks for physiological problems related to alcohol use (hangover, memory loss, medical treatment for overdose, nausea/vomiting, passing out) when drinking greater amounts of alcohol, but heavier drinkers (those who consume more on average) exhibit fewer problems for each additional drink consumed (less dose-response) than light and moderate drinkers. Light and moderate drinkers exhibit greater dose-response, with three drinks per occasion associated with the greatest number of problems.
Medical Student and Faculty Perceptions of Volunteer Outpatients Versus Simulated Patients in Communication Skills Training

Purpose To determine whether medical students and faculty perceive differences in the effectiveness of interactions with real patients versus simulated patients (SPs) in communication skills training. Method In 2008, the authors recruited volunteer outpatients (VOs) from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine internal medicine practice to participate in communication skills training for all first-year medical students. VOs and SPs were assigned to clinic rooms in the simulation center. Each group of five students and its preceptor rotated through randomly assigned rooms on two of four session days; on both days, each student interviewed one patient for 15 minutes, focusing on past medical and family history or social history. Patients used their own histories, not scripts; students were not blinded to patient type. Students and faculty then rated aspects of the interview experience. Generalized linear latent and mixed-models analysis was used to compare ratings of communication skills training with VOs versus SPs. Results All 121 first-year students participated in 242 interviews, resulting in 237 usable questionnaires (98%). They rated their experiences with VOs significantly higher than those with SPs on comfort, friendliness, amount of learning, opportunity to build relationships, and overall meeting of communication skills training needs. The 24 faculty preceptors' ratings of the 242 interactions did not differ significantly between VOs and SPs. Conclusions Use of VOs was well received by students and faculty for teaching communication skills. Expanding and further studying VOs' participation will allow greater understanding of their potential role in communication skills training of preclinical medical students.
Temperature gradient between brain tissue and arterial blood mirrors the flow‐metabolism relationship in uninjured brain: an experimental study

Background: The purpose of the present experimental study was to determine the feasibility and usefulness of brain temperature measurement (Tbr) and the calculated difference between brain temperature and arterial blood temperature (ΔTbr‐a) in uninjured brain during variations of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and concomitant changes of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF).
Changes in antipsychotic drug prescribing by general practitioners in the United Kingdom from 1991 to 2000: a population-based observational study.

AIM To estimate changes in the frequency of use of various antipsychotic drugs in the UK from 1991 to 2000 and to relate these changes to patients' characteristics. METHODS We conducted a population-based observational study using data from general practices that contribute information to the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). The study population comprised men and women 10-99 years old. We estimated annual use, first-time use, duration of use and, in a sample of 200 patients, indications for use of various antipsychotic drugs, and we observed how these measures had changed over the past decade. RESULTS The annual use of antipsychotic drugs increased from 10.5 per thousand in 1991 to 12.2 per thousand in 2000, an overall increase of 16%. The increase was greater in men (25.2%) than women (2.7%). At the same time, the rate of new use of antipsychotic drugs was stable in men and decreased by 21% in women. The difference between patterns of annual use and rates of new use is attributable to the increasing average annual duration of treatment in both men and women during the past decade. Thioridazine, which the UK Committee on the Safety of Medicines (CSM) recently recommended should be used only for second-line treatment of schizophrenia in adults, was the most commonly prescribed antipsychotic throughout the study period. Its use increased as a proportion of all antipsychotic drug use from 1991 to 2000 in men and women aged 10-69 years, but decreased in older users. More than half of all first-time use of antipsychotic drugs in the sample of patients we evaluated was for treatment of depression, anxiety states, and panic disorders, while less than 10% was for treatment of schizophrenia and other psychoses. CONCLUSION The use of antipsychotic drugs has increased in the UK during the past decade, primarily due to increased average annual duration of use rather than higher rates of new use. Most antipsychotic drug use appears to have been prescribed to treat nonpsychotic disorders. It will be of interest to see whether the use of thioridazine, which was the most widely prescribed antipsychotic during 1991-2000, decreases during the next decade in response to the recent CSM recommendation.
Managing industry-academia partnerships

Introduction This paper addresses the complexity of industry-academia research partnerships which include students in tripartite management research activities. The context for the paper is “Education about and for sustainability in Australian Business Schools”, a project undertaken by several Australian universities in collaboration with the Australian Research Institute in Education for Sustainability (ARIES, 2009) and funded by the Department of the Environment and Heritage (now the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts). The focus of the ARIES collaboration was on Partnering Corporations and Business Schools, providing an opportunity to explore issues of sustainability from a Business School perspective and engage in practical partnerships with industry. This paper develops a model for handling the researchpractice gaps which may exist in industry-academia research partnerships that include students as participants. It is proposed that the action learning process facilitates the planning and learning through action, narrative and reflection, and has the potential to bridge the practice/research gap. Abstract
A Poincaré map approach for the exact tracking of a nonlinear non-minimum phase system: the VTOL aircraft

This article considers the problem of open-loop exact tracking for the VTOL aircraft with respect to the nominal output. It is shown that if the norm of the acceleration of the reference curve is lower than k mg, where g is the gravity acceleration and km sime 0.2688, then there exists a special initial state such that the internal dynamics are bounded. The bounding term is directly proportional to the maximum norm of the acceleration of the reference trajectory
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Aberrant Expression of ID2, a Suppressor of B-Cell-Specific Gene Expression, in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

The global loss of B-cell-specific gene expression is a distinctive feature of the Hodgkin-Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). The reasons for this loss remained largely unknown as transcription factors with pleiotropic effects on B-cell-specific gene expression, namely E2A, EBF, and PAX5, are present in primary HRS cells. We show here that ID2, which can inactivate E2A and perhaps PAX5, is not detectable in normal B cells but is strongly and uniformly expressed in HRS cells of all cases of classical HL. Recurrent chromosomal gains of the ID2 gene might contribute to this aberrant expression. Co-immunoprecipitation of E2A with ID2 from HRS-derived cell lines together with the high amount of ID2 relative to the B-cell transcription factors E2A and PAX5 in HRS-derived cell lines and primary HRS cells indicated that aberrant ID2 expression contributes significantly to the loss of the B-cell-specific gene expression in HRS cells. ID2 was also expressed in lymphocyte-predominance HL, mediastinal large B-cell, diffuse large B-cell, and Burkitt’s lymphoma, where lower amounts of ID2 relative to E2A and PAX5 compared with HRS cells might prevent a global down-regulation
Dynamic Grouping and Interpolation Induced by Flickering Stimuli

A novel grouping and interpolation effect induced by flickering stimuli is described: a matrix of flickering elements forms stick-like clusters, then the clusters gradually dissociate back into the discrete elements within a few seconds. On continuous viewing, this flicker-induced grouping and interpolation repeatedly disappeared and reappeared. The perceived strength of this phenomenon peaked when the luminance of the flickering elements was alternately darker and lighter than the background; thus, the reversal of the luminance contrast polarity was responsible for flicker-induced grouping. The temporal dynamics of flicker-induced grouping showed the stochastic nature of perceptual alternation, which depended on the global structure of the stimulus. From these results, it is concluded that flicker-induced grouping reflects multiple stages of visual processing.
Use of the hemadsorption phenomenon for determining virus and neutralizing antibody titers of rabies

Chicken embryo cells infected with the HEP Flury strain of rabies virus adapted to tissue culture produced a hemadsorption (HAD) phenomenon by using goose erthyrocytes. The optimal conditions for HAD included the incubation of cell cultures at 37C for 3 days after virus inoculation, the use of a 0.4% suspension of goose erythrocytes in phosphate buffer adjusted at pH 6.2, and adsorption of erythrocytes at 4C. This phenomenon was inhibited with anti-rabies serum. Virus titer obtained with the HAD technique was almost the same as with the fluorescent antibody technique or the intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice. Results of the neutralization test by using the HAD technique could be easily determined 3 days after inoculation of chicken embryo cells with the mixture of 100 mean tissue culture infective doses of virus and diluted serum. The neutralizing antibody titers coincided with those obtained in mice.
Degradation of Extracytoplasmic Catalysts for Protein Folding in Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT The general protein secretion pathway of Bacillus subtilis has a high capacity for protein export from the cytoplasm, which is exploited in the biotechnological production of a wide range of enzymes. These exported proteins pass the membrane in an unfolded state, and accordingly, they have to fold into their active and protease-resistant conformations once membrane passage is completed. The lipoprotein PrsA and the membrane proteins HtrA and HtrB facilitate the extracytoplasmic folding and quality control of exported proteins. Among the native exported proteins of B. subtilis are at least 10 proteases that have previously been implicated in the degradation of heterologous secreted proteins. Recently, we have shown that these proteases also degrade many native membrane proteins, lipoproteins, and secreted proteins. The present studies were therefore aimed at assessing to what extent these proteases also degrade extracytoplasmic catalysts for protein folding. To this end, we employed a collection of markerless protease mutant strains that lack up to 10 different extracytoplasmic proteases. The results show that PrsA, HtrA, and HtrB are indeed substrates of multiple extracytoplasmic proteases. Thus, improved protein secretion by multiple-protease-mutant strains may be related to both reduced proteolysis and improved posttranslocational protein folding and quality control.
Passivity for Differential-algebraic Systems with Application to Excitation System

In this paper, Passive definition of differential-algebraic systems and KVP property definition were proposed.Similar to methods of differential geometry theory, equivalent theorem between differential-algebraic systems' passivation and KVP property was used by introducing M derivative . In the end the storage function was constructed for excitation system with differential-algebraic model.M derivative method can be considered as extension of L derivative method Results were obtained,which make passivity theory for differential-algebraic system realized in power systems.
Investigation of multichannel ScanSAR with up and down chirp modulation for range ambiguity suppression

According to echo model and properties of azimuth multichannel ScanSAR with up and down chirp modulation, an effective imaging approach to handle the raw data of this mode is proposed. First, echoes corresponding up and down chirp modulation pulses are individually range compressed. Afterwards, azimuth multichannel ScanSAR raw data with azimuth nonuniform sampling are reconstructed, and the resulting raw data are focused via the following modified Stolt interpolation and spectral analysis (SPECAN) steps. The effect on range ambiguity suppression of alternately sending up and down chirp signals is analyzed via simulation experiments on point and distributed targets. Simulation results validate the proposed imaging approach.
High‐resolution multi‐parameter DNA flow cytometry enables detection of tumour and stromal cell subpopulations in paraffin‐embedded tissues

The accuracy of DNA ploidy measurements of paraffin‐embedded tissues is limited by the lack of resolution and the inability to identify the DNA diploid population unequivocally in bimodal DNA histograms. A multi‐parameter DNA flow cytometric method has been developed that enables the simultaneous detection of neoplastic and stromal cells in samples from dewaxed 50 µm sections or 2 mm diameter punches of archival tissue blocks. The method combines heat pretreatment in sodium citrate buffer and subsequent enzymatic dissociation with a collagenase/dispase mixture. Cells were simultaneously stained for keratin (FITC), vimentin (R‐PE), and DNA (PI) before flow cytometric analysis. The method was applied to 12 paraffin‐embedded cervical carcinomas and four colorectal carcinomas. In all cervical cancers, distinct keratin‐positive and vimentin‐positive cell populations were observed. While the exclusive vimentin‐positive cell fractions always yielded unimodal DNA content distributions, bimodal distributions were observed for the keratin‐positive cell fractions in nine cervical carcinomas, whereas one cervical carcinoma showed three distinct G0G1 populations. Coefficients of variation of the G0G1 peaks ranged from 1.70% to 4.79%. Average background, aggregate, and debris values were 14.7% (vimentin‐positive fraction) and 33.8% (keratin‐positive fraction). Flow sorting confirmed that the exclusively vimentin‐positive cell fractions represent different normal stromal and infiltrate cells that can serve as an internal ploidy reference enabling discrimination between DNA hypo‐diploid and DNA hyper‐diploid tumour cell subpopulations. The neoplastic origin of the keratin–vimentin co‐expressing cells from two cervical carcinomas was confirmed by genotyping of flow‐sorted samples revealing loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 6p. This improved method obviates the need for fresh/frozen tumour tissue for high‐resolution DNA ploidy measurements and enables the isolation of highly purified tumour subpopulations for subsequent genotyping. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
R-factor responsible for an outbreak of multiply antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Seven serotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different patients demonstrated resistance to the same eight antibiotics. A plasmid carrying resistance determinants to these antibiotics and mercury salts could be transferred in toto to a plasmidless strain of Escherichia coli. All E. coli transconjugants showed the same antibiotic resistance pattern. Digestion with restriction endonucleases yielded patterns that were identical for each of the R-factor transferred from the multiply resistant serotypes. Moreover, deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization demonstrated identity between the probe, pMAC20 (an R-factor from one serotype), and all R-factors isolated from the multiply resistant strains of K. pneumoniae and the E. coli transconjugants tested.
Stent graft implantation in an aortic pseudoaneurysm associated with a fractured Cheatham-Platinum stent in aortic coarctation

Abstract We report a case of aortic pseudoaneurysm associated with a fractured bare Cheatham-Platinum stent following stenting for aortic coarctation. These complications were recognised 6 years after the implantation procedure and were successfully managed by percutaneous stent graft implantation. Staged approach for stent dilatation might prevent development of aortic pseudoaneurysms. In addition, careful follow-up is warranted after stenting for aortic coarctation, particularly in patients with recognised aortic wall injury.
Time-scale domain characterization of time-varying ultrawideband infostation channel

The time-scale domain geometrical-based method for the characterization of the time varying ultrawideband (UWB) channel typical of an infostation channel is presented. Compared to methods that use Doppler shift as a measure of time-variation in the channel this model provides a more reliable measure of frequency dispersion caused by terminal mobility in the UWB infostation channel. Particularly, it offers carrier frequency independent method of computing wideband channel responses and parameters which are important for ultrawideband systems. Results show that the frequency dispersion of the channel depends on the frequency and not on the choice of bandwidth. And time dispersion depends on bandwidth and not on the frequency. It is also shown that for time-varying UWB, frame length defined over the coherence time obtained with reference to the carrier frequency results in an error margin which can be reduced by using the coherence time defined with respect to the maximum frequency in a given frequency band. And the estimation of the frequency offset using the time-scale domain (wideband) model presented here (especially in the case of multiband UWB frequency synchronization) is more accurate than using frequency offset estimate obtained from narrowband models.
Pulmonary Damage and Bacterial Load in Assessment of the Efficacy of Simulated Human Treatment-Like Amoxicillin (2,000 Milligrams) Therapy of Experimental Pneumococcal Pneumonia Caused by Strains for Which Amoxicillin MICs Differ

ABSTRACT An experimental rat pneumonia model using two amoxicillin-susceptible (MICs, ≤0.015 and 2 μg/ml) and two non-amoxicillin-susceptible (MIC, 4 μg/ml) Streptococcus pneumoniae strains was developed for testing the efficacy of amoxicillin administered to simulate human serum kinetics after treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate (2,000 and 125 mg, respectively, twice a day, for 2.5 days). The end points for efficacy were reductions in bacterial loads in the lungs and reductions in levels of pulmonary damage. For the amoxicillin-susceptible strains (serotypes 23F and 14), a decrease greater than 4.5 log10 CFU/pair of lungs was obtained, and the time for which the serum antibiotic concentration (SAC) was higher than the MIC (TSAC>MIC) was greater than 60% of the dosing interval. For non-amoxicillin-susceptible strains, the decrease in bacterial load was 1.34 to 1.75 log10 CFU/pair of lungs, with a TSAC>MIC of 46.7% of the dosing interval. An in vitro study showed that serotype 9V non-amoxicillin-susceptible strains behaved as tolerant-like to concentrations similar to those in the in vivo model. The high and maintained SACs (TSAC>MIC, >46% for all strains) significantly diminished lung injury (affected area of the lung and lung weight), compared to that in controls, by all strains, regardless of the MIC, bactericidal behavior in in vitro killing curves, or the serotype of the infecting strain. These results show the importance of host therapeutic end points in the evaluation of antibiotic efficacy. The antibiotic was more efficacious, for one nonsusceptible strain tested, when the treatment was started early (1 h postinoculation [p.i.]) than when treatment was delayed (24 h p.i.).