Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation strength and technology creep play key roles in global long-term projections of wild capture fisheries

Many studies have shown that the global fish catch can only be sustained with effective regulation that restrains overfishing. However, the persistence of weak or ineffective regulation in many parts of the world, coupled with changing technologies and additional stressors like climate change, renders the future of global catches uncertain. Here, we use a spatially resolved, bio-economic size-spectrum model to shed light on the interactive impacts of three globally important drivers over multidecadal timescales: imperfect regulation, technology-driven catchability increase, and climate change. We implement regulation as the adjustment of fishing towards a target level with some degree of effectiveness and project a range of possible trajectories for global fisheries. We find that if technological progress continues apace, increasingly effective regulation is required to prevent overfishing, akin to a Red Queen race. Climate change reduces the possible upper bound for global catches, but its economic impacts can be offset by strong regulation. Ominously, technological progress under weak regulation masks a progressive erosion of fish biomass by boosting profits and generating a temporary stabilization of global catches. Our study illustrates the large degree to which the long-term outlook of global fisheries can be improved by continually strengthening fisheries regulation, despite the negative impacts of climate change.
Percepción estética de la posición anteroposterior de los incisivos superiores en relación con la frente

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment is mainly aimed at achieving stable occlusal relationships and enhancing the smile expression. The position of the upper central incisors plays a particularly important role in such an expression, and extracranial references have been suggested for its proper three-dimensional position. Awareness of the preferences of the various social actors involved may be useful to make appropriate decisions when planning the treatments. Objective: Evaluate the esthetic perception that orthodontists, dental surgeons and laypeople have of the smile with the upper central incisor in anteroposterior position with respect to the forehead and in lateral norm. Methods: A lateral norm photograph was used of a Peruvian woman with a normal profile and ideal anteroposterior position of the upper central incisor according to element II of Andrews' orofacial harmony. The photograph was digitally modified to obtain images with retruding (- 4 mm) and protruding (+ 4 mm) incisors. The photographs were evaluated by a panel composed of orthodontists, dental surgeons and laypeople. The evaluation was based on a visual analog scale. Results: The photograph with normal position of the upper central incisor with respect to the GALL line was ranked higher by orthodontists (67.658 ± 22.094) and laypeople (54.038 ± 20.524). To dental surgeons the protruded position was nicer (60.804 ± 3.626). Significant differences were found between the groups of evaluators and the photographs ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The esthetic appraisal of orthodontists was closer to the norm for anteroposterior position of incisors. The anteroposterior position of incisors plays an important role in the esthetic perception of the smile in the lateral norm.
Role of Diffusion-Weighted and Chemical Shift Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Spinal Fractures

Atraumatic spinal compression fractures are common clinical problem. Differentiating benign osteoporotic fractures from pathological fractures due to malignant/metastatic lesions affects the management and prognoses in patients with known extraspinal malignancy. The objective of the research was to assess the role of conventional magnetic resonance imaging sequences with diffusion-weighted imaging and chemical-shift imaging in differentiating benign and malignant acute spinal compression fractures. Materials and Methods. The study included 40 patients with acute spinal compression fractures. Patients were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging and chemical-shift imaging to differentiate benign etiology from malignant one. The results obtained were compared with histopathological follow-up for 6 months for definite clinical diagnoses. Results. No significant difference was noted in signal characteristics of benign and malignant fractures on T1, T2 and short-tau inversion recovery. However, posterior element involvement, soft tissue component and post-contrast enhancement were seen more frequently in malignant fractures (p<0.05). On diffusion-weighted images, 77.8% of malignant fractures were hyperintense and 59.1% of benign fractures were hypointense (p<0.05). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient value was 0.81 ± 0.19 for malignant and 1.24 ± 0.24 for benign fractures (p<0.5). The mean signal intensity ratio for malignant fractures was 0.91 ± 0.125, whereas the signal intensity ratio for benign fractures was 0.64 ± 0.096 (p<0.001). Conclusions. Signal characteristics on T1, T2 and short-tau inversion recovery sequences do not differentiate benign from malignant fractures; however, posterior element involvement, soft tissue and post contrast enhancement help in differentiating the etiology. Diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient values, as well as using chemical shift imaging further improve the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging.
Deep Learning for Simultaneous Seismic Image Super-Resolution and Denoising

Seismic interpretation is often limited by low resolution and strong noise data. To deal with this issue, we propose to leverage deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to achieve seismic image super-resolution and denoising simultaneously. To train the CNN, we simulate a lot of synthetic seismic images with different resolutions and noise levels to serve as training data sets. To improve the perception quality, we use a loss function that combines the $\ell _{1}$ loss and multiscale structural similarity loss. Extensive experimental results on both synthetic and field seismic images demonstrate that the proposed workflow can significantly improve the perception of quality of original data. Compared to conventional methods, the network obtains better performance in enhancing detailed structural and stratigraphic features, such as thin layers and small-scale faults. From the seismic images super-sampled by our CNN method, a fault detection method can compute more accurate fault maps than from the original seismic images.
Allosteric receptor modulation of FFA2R turns natural agonists into potent activators of the superoxide generating neutrophil NADPH-oxidase

Acetate, agonist for the free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2R/GPR43), triggers an increase in the cytosolic concentration of free Ca2+ in neutrophils without any assembly of the superoxide generating NADPH-oxidase. We show that the phenylacetamide compound 58 (Cmp58; (S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-N-(5-phenylthiazol-2-yl)butanamide, lacking a direct activating effect on neutrophils, acts as a positive allosteric FFA2R modulator that turns acetate into a potent activating agonist that triggers an assembly of the NADPH-oxidase. The NADPH-oxidase activity could be further increased in neutrophils treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF. Many neutrophil chemoattractant receptors are stored in secretory organelles but no FFA2R mobilization was induced in neutrophils treated with TNF. The receptor selectivity was demonstrated through the inhibition of the neutrophil response induced by the combined action of acetate and Cmp58 by the FFA2R antagonist CATPB. Allosteric modulators that positively co-operate with natural FFA2R agonists and prime neutrophils in their response to such agonists, may serve as good tools for further unraveling the physiological functions of the FFA2R and its involvement in various diseases. In this study, allosteric modulation of FFA2R is introduced as a novel receptor selective mechanism to prime neutrophils to produce increased amounts of reactive oxygen species.
The Studies on Breeding Ecology of Syrmaticus ellioti Swinhoe

The evergreen broad-leaf forest,the evergreen broad-leaf and coniferous mixed forest and coniferous forest,of which the tree layer coverage is about 90%,are the suitable habitats for the breeding of Elliots Pheasants.During the breeding season,the males courtship display includes dthe wing-flapping display,the lateral display and the display before mating.The activity intensity of courtship display has two obvious peaks during the day time,occourring between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m.and between 1:00 and 3:00 p.m. separately.The process of mating could be divided into five stages for male and the process of egg-laying has three stages for female.The females nest on the ground and the typical clutch-size are from five to eight eggs.Under artificial conditions the incubation period requires 24 days.
A review of risk-based security and its impact on TSA PreCheck

Abstract Since September 11, 2001, the United States has invested a significant amount of resources into improving aviation security operations, with the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) assuming the responsibilities for security policy-making at commercial airports. This article reviews the literature that supports policies for risk-based passenger screening procedures and chronicles the analytical analysis leading up to the launch (in October 2011) of the TSA Precheck program, as a first step toward implementing a risk-based security strategy for passenger and baggage screening. Multi-level passenger prescreening is the basis of the mathematical framework behind TSA Precheck; the framework provides a prescriptive control of security operations in settings with limited resources. TSA Precheck assigns each passenger to a risk group, based on the initial perceived risk level (assessed in the prescreening stage), and then calibrates the security measures to mitigate the risk associated with each group. With passengers arriving in real-time and the order of their arrivals uncertain, the resource utilization problem is solved by dynamic programming. A numerical comparison between a risk-based and an equal-risk (i.e., non-risk-based) security model is presented to quantify the benefits of risk-based security.
6.0 V High‐Voltage and Concentrated Electrolyte toward High Energy Density K‐Based Dual‐Graphite Battery

K‐based dual‐carbon batteries (K‐DCBs) integrate the advantages, including high‐voltage, low‐cost, and environmentally friendliness of dual‐ion batteries (DIBs), and large abundance of K, thus attracting much attention in large‐scale energy storage application. However, most currently used electrolytes based on KPF6 and carbonate solvents commonly suffer from poor oxidation potential (<4.4 V vs Li/Li+) and low electrolyte concentration (<1 m), which limit the cycling stability and energy density of K‐DCBs. Herein, after a matching behavior study of various electrolyte solvents with potassium salts, a concentrated electrolyte is developed by successfully dissolving 5.2 m potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide into tetramethylene sulfone. This high‐concentration electrolyte exhibits advantages: 1) high oxidation potential that enhances intercalation reversibility and capacity of FSI− anions; 2) improved K+ storage at graphite anode; 3) dramatically increased energy density of K‐DCB. A proof‐of‐concept K‐ion dual‐graphite battery based on this high‐concentration electrolyte displays a discharge capacity of 83.4 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, and negligible capacity fading after 300 cycles. Furthermore, considering both the electrolyte and electrode materials, energy density of such K‐DCB reaches ≈130 Wh kg−1, the best performance of K‐DCBs among previously reported research.
Design Woodball Line Detection and Monitoring System: A Preliminary Study

This paper entails the incorporation of electronics in the sports of woodball. The decisions made by the referees in most sports nowadays are with the use of electronic technologies to assist them. For instance, the goal-line technology in football and the electronic line judge in tennis is some of the recent advances in electronic technologies that have revolutionized sports as we know it. The woodball line detection and monitoring system serves a similar purpose where it assists the referee in making decisions and modernize the sports of woodball. The current woodball sports depend entirely on referees to give out decisions. The line detection technology helps to notify the referee if the woodball is Out of Bounds (OB) whereas the monitoring system notifies the player, referee and the audience whether the gating is successful or not. However, manual assistance from the referee is still needed for starting the play after a successful gating because the player is not allowed to touch the woodball during the entire game.
The effect of dispersion condition on the structure and properties of polystyrene/graphene oxide nanocomposites

The realization of an optimum strategy for dispersing graphene nano-sheets in a thermoplastic matrix is important for obtaining a successful preparation and, consequently, a better enhancement of different properties for the resultant polymer/graphene nanocomposites. In this study, nanocomposites of polystyrene (PS) and graphene oxide (GO) were prepared using solution blending method with tetrahydrofuran as the solvent. Magnetic stirring, water bath sonication, and shear mixing were utilised to disperse GO nano-sheets in PS. Different periods of mixing for the last two techniques were examined to study their effect on the structure and properties on the PS/GO nanocomposites. For the 1 st sample, water bath sonication and shear mixing were used for 30 and 60 minutes respectively. For the 2 nd sample, both mixing periods were doubled. The results obtained by employing different characterization techniques showed a good dispersion of nano-sheets in the matrix and enhanced thermal and thermo-mechanical properties for both samples, with a superiority for the 1 st sample in terms of storage modulus to prevent the nano-sheets from damage due to the application of sonication and mixing for a shorter period of time.
Do surges in foreign direct investment inflows lead to surges in economic growth? Evidence from developing countries

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether surge in foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows leads to surge in economic growth in 52 developing countries for the period 1990-2014. Design/methodology/approach The author used a threshold approach to identify surge incidences in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth rates and FDI inflows (measured as percentage of GDP) for each country included in the sample. Three different criteria are used to identify surge instances. As a preliminary analysis the author used the probit and complementary log–log regression methods to estimate the likelihood of growth surge occurrence. To correct the potential endogeneity problem the author jointly estimated the growth surge and FDI surge equations using the recursive bivariate probit (RBP) regression. Findings The author found that East Asia and the Pacific region has highest rate of growth surge incidences followed by South Asia. The results suggest that surge in FDI inflows significantly increases the likelihood of growth surge. The finding is robust to alternative surge definitions and methods of estimation. Practical implications The analysis reveals that inbound FDI flow is a critical driver of economic growth in developing countries. Large FDI inflows matters for achieving rapid economic growth. Therefore developing countries should adopt favourable policies to attract more FDI. Policymakers should focus on improving the investment climate of the country to boost domestic investment and to attract larger amount of FDI into the economy. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge this is the first study to examine whether surge in FDI inflows stimulates surge in economic growth in developing countries. The analysis reveals that FDI surge is a robust predictor of rapid economic growth in developing countries.
A Sensor Based on Nanoantennas

At the end of the XX century, a new phenomenon was discovered by Ebbesen, the extraordinary optical transmission. He reported that metallic arrays composed of nano holes, also called nanoantennas, can support resonant optical transmissions responsible by the amplification and concentration of electromagnetic radiation. Classical diffraction theories do not predict this extraordinary phenomenon. This article shows the timeline of theories that try to model the interaction between light and metal planes with slits, holes, grooves or apertures. The comparison between theories is done. Furthermore, as the optical response of these nanoantennas is dependent on the complex dielectric function, there is a high probability of successfully using these structures as sensors. This article aimed to verify how the structure parameters (periodicity, hole diameter, nanoantenna thickness and substrate thickness) can influence the optical response in order to tune the spectrum. Using a Finite Element Tool, several 3D simulations aim to conclude about the parameters influence on air–gold–quartz and air–aluminum–quartz structures, being the nanoantenna made with gold and aluminum. Moreover, all the simulations allow us to verify a resonant spectral response and the existence of great values of amplification near the metal surface. This is a clear evidence of a energy exchange due to the generation and propagation of surface plasmon polaritons. Based on the spectra taken from the parameter analysis, a specific structure was chosen to test two different sensors. A temperature sensor and a tissue detection sensor were tested and the simulations are presented. It is concluded that a nanostructure based on a nanoantenna can be used as a sensor for several applications.
From semantics to pragmatics: where IS can lead in Natural Language Processing (NLP) research

ABSTRACT Natural Language Processing (NLP) is now widely integrated into web and mobile applications, enabling natural interactions between humans and computers. Although there is a large body of NLP studies published in Information Systems (IS), a comprehensive review of how NLP research is conceptualised and realised in the context of IS has not been conducted. To assess the current state of NLP research in IS, we use a variety of techniques to analyse a literature corpus comprising 356 NLP research articles published in IS journals between 2004 and 2018. Our analysis indicates the need to move from semantics to pragmatics. More importantly, our findings unpack the challenges and assumptions underlying current research trends in NLP. We argue that overcoming these challenges will require a renewed disciplinary IS focus. By proposing a roadmap of NLP research in IS, we draw attention to three NLP research perspectives and present future directions that IS researchers are uniquely positioned to address.
Udio fenolnih spojeva, antioksidacijska aktivnost i fotosintetska učinkovitost rosika (Droseraceae)

Rosike (Droseraceae) spadaju u mesojedne biljke. Žive na osvijetljenim, mocvarnim stanistima siromasnim nutrijentima. Imaju aktivne stupice jer pokretanjem svojih tentakula love plijen. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi kako se tri vrste rosika Drosera aliciae, D. capensis i D. spatulata prilagođavaju razlicitim uvjetima uzgoja te postoje li razlike između plojki listova koje nose tentakule i peteljki listova. U tu svrhu određivan je udio fenolnih spojeva, udio fotosintetskih pigmenata, fotosintetska ucinkovitost te antioksidacijska aktivnost. Veca fotosintetska ucinkovitost izmjerena je kod plojki u odnosu na peteljke listova, te je visa kod vrsta D. capensis i D. aliciae uzgajanih u vanjskim uvjetima, a kod vrste D. spatulata u sobnim uvjetima. Veci udio fotosintetskih pigmenata izmjeren je kod plojki u odnosu na peteljke listova, sto se može povezati s visom fotosintetskom ucinkovitoscu. Udio ukupnih fenola, flavonoida i antocijana je visi u plojkama u odnosu na peteljke sto je i logicno jer se na plojkama nalaze ružicasti tentakuli koji privlace kukce. Udio flavonoida i antocijana visi je u vanjskim uvjetima kod vrsta D. spatulata i D. aliciae, dok je kod vrste D. capensis visi u sobnim uvjetima. Razlike između vrsta ukazuju da osim intenziteta svjetlosti i drugi faktori imaju ucinak na udio pigmenata i fenolnih spojeva. Antioksidacijska aktivnost je podjednako visoka kod svih triju vrsta.
Evaluation of Patients Receiving Intravitreal Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Diabetic Macular Edema in Clinical Practice in the United States

Purpose: We assessed the effect of treatment frequency with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents on visual acuity (VA) in diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: This retrospective analysis assessed electronic medical records of eyes newly diagnosed with DME and treated with an anti-VEGF agent at US clinics using the Vestrum Health (Naperville, Illinois) treatment and outcomes database. Eyes were divided into 2 injection frequency subcohorts (≤ 6 vs > 6 injections/y); treatment frequency and change in mean VA (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters) were evaluated. Results: Among 155 240 eyes assessed, 3028 met inclusion criteria for analysis in year 1 and 1292 in year 2. During year 1 of treatment, 57% (n = 1725) received > 6 injections; most continued to receive the same injection frequency during year 2. Mean VA gain from baseline at year 1 was lower in the ≤ 6 than in the > 6 injections/year subcohort (3.7 vs 8.0 letters, respectively; P < .001). Mean VA change from the end of year 1 to year 2 for eyes receiving ≤ 6 injections in year 1 generally remained unchanged, irrespective of year 2 dosing frequency. In eyes that received > 6 injections in year 1, mean VA loss was significantly greater for eyes receiving less-frequent dosing in year 2 than in those maintained on > 6 injections. Conclusions: More than 50% of eyes with DME in routine clinical practice that completed at least 1 year of follow-up received > 6 injections of an anti-VEGF agent during the first year, resulting in better VA gains than eyes treated less frequently.
How State Presence Leads to Civil Conflict

Political scientists and policy-makers have long argued that state weakness leads to civil conflict while enhancing state power helps prevent violence. Why, then, has increased state capacity worldwide recently coincided with more civil conflicts? This study argues that enhanced state presence at the sub-national level—a symptom of growing state capacity—may induce violent resistance from the established non-state powers such as local leaders and communities in the short term. Empirically, I conduct two analyses, one at the province level and the other at the ethnic group level. To measure state presence, I use accuracy of census data in the first analysis and global ground transportation data in the second analysis. Results demonstrate that increased state presence triggers civil conflict, particularly in the first five years of such increasing state presence, and this effect is stronger in remote and ethnically heterogeneous regions. Evidence also suggests that ethnic groups settled in peripheral regions are prominent resisters to state penetration. This paper thus expands prior understanding of the role of state power in civil conflicts.