Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Perils of Empowerment

This Article examines bystander norms of disinterest and blame that inform and undermine strategies for dealing with significant social problems such as domestic violence. Current strategies rely on individual “empowerment” to reduce such violence. These strategies reflect fundamental misconceptions and false assumptions about the nature of domestic violence, about why this sort of violence persists so stubbornly, and, ultimately, about what it takes to change behavior that has long been tolerated, if not actually fostered, as a result of deeply imbedded social and cultural norms. The net effect is that far from empowering abused women, let alone reaching the norms that have made this form of abuse such an intractable problem, the so-called empowerment approach instead perpetuates the traditional view of domestic violence as a private matter, properly the business of no one except the two intimates themselves. Everyone else is a mere bystander. The responsibility for ending domestic violence is squarely placed in the hands of its (supposedly) now-empowered victims: it is up to each individual battered woman to end the violence against her; if she fails she has only herself to blame. Drawing on the literature on norms and the law, we analyze how successful norm-changing strategies in other contexts suggest a different and more effective approach to the problem of domestic violence. The conscious change of tactics in anti-smoking campaigns from a focus on protecting the smoker to a focus on protecting non-smokers has resulted in a surprisingly rapid change in cultural norms about smoking. Lessons drawn from that campaign suggest new strategies for coping with domestic violence. The Article concludes that given the financial and personal negative effects of domestic violence on third parties, norm changing strategies that rely, not on notions of individual empowerment and autonomy, but rather on strategies grounded in the idea that domestic violence is a community problem that affects us all, are far more likely to have an impact on reducing intimate violence. Such norm-changing strategies transform the bystander into an interested party.
Climate forcing for dynamics of dissolved inorganic nutrients at Palmer Station, Antarctica: An interdecadal (1993–2013) analysis

We analyzed 20 years (1993–2013) of observations of dissolved inorganic macronutrients (nitrate, N; phosphate, P; and silicate, Si) and chlorophyll a (Chl) at Palmer Station, Antarctica (64.8°S, 64.1°W) to elucidate how large‐scale climate and local physical forcing affect the interannual variability in the seasonal phytoplankton bloom and associated drawdown of nutrients. The leading modes of nutrients (N, P, and Si empirical orthogonal functions 1, EOF1) represent overall negative anomalies throughout growing seasons, showing a mixed signal of variability in the initial levels and drawdown thereafter (low‐frequency dynamics). The second most common seasonal patterns of nitrate and phosphate (N and P EOF2) capture prolonged drawdown events during December–March, which are correlated to Chl EOF1. Si EOF2 captures a drawdown event during November–December, which is correlated to Chl EOF2. These different drawdown patterns are shaped by different sets of physical and climate forcing mechanisms. N and P drawdown events during December–March are influenced by the winter and spring Southern Annular Mode (SAM) phase, where nutrient utilization is enhanced in a stabilized upper water column as a consequence of SAM‐driven winter sea ice and spring wind dynamics. Si drawdown during November–December is influenced by early sea ice retreat, where ice breakup may induce abrupt water column stratification and a subsequent diatom bloom or release of diatom cells from within the sea ice. Our findings underscore that seasonal nutrient dynamics in the coastal WAP are coupled to large‐scale climate forcing and related physics, understanding of which may enable improved projections of biogeochemical responses to climate change.
Evolutionary Algorithm with Roulette-Tournament Selection for Solving Aquaculture Diet Formulation

The function of operators in an evolutionary algorithm (EA) is very crucial as the operators have a strong effect on the performance of the EA. In this paper, a new selection operator is introduced for a real valued encoding problem, which specifically exists in a shrimp diet formulation problem. This newly developed selection operator is a hybrid between two well-known established selection operators: roulette wheel and binary tournament selection. A comparison of the performance of the proposed operator and the other existing operator was made for evaluation purposes. The result shows that the proposed roulette-tournament selection is better in terms of its ability to provide many good feasible solutions when a population size of 30 is used. Thus, the proposed roulette-tournament is suitable and comparable to established selection for solving a real valued shrimp diet formulation problem. The selection operator can also be generalized to any problems related to EA.
Information Partnerships In The Food And Agribusiness Sector: An Alternative Coordination Strategy

One of the most significant changes which has occurred in the food and agribusiness sector in recent years is the increased focus on consumer demands. Traditionally, the role of agribusiness has been defined simply in terms of the relationship of firms to the farm producer, either as input providers or as purchasers of farm output. Now the entire agribusiness sector can be viewed more accurately as a vertical production-marketing continuum, in which traditional 1ines of division are blurred and the ultimate consumer is the driving force.
Non-invasive evaluation of electrical brain activity: effects of non-medicative treatment and subject’s state

Introduction. The electroencephalogram (EEG) and evoked potentials (EPs) are widely used in psychiatry. Thus, it is important to standardize recording conditions according to instructions, arousal and attention levels of the subject. Also, it is important to evaluate the effect of nonpharmacologic treatment (electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)) on EEG and EPs. In this paper, an overview of researches, conducted in the above mentioned directions in Lithuania, is given. Materials and methods. EEG was recorded using standard protocols; P300, P50 and auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) were elicited. 44 schizophrenic patients, 25 depressive patients and 136 healthy subjects were investigated. Effects of ECT treatment, 10 Hz TMS procedure, and varying attention and arousal levels on EEG/EPs were investigated. Results. ECT had no negative impact on P300; alongside with clinical response, normalization of P300 parameters occurred. It was related to subject’s age and autonomic nervous system response during the treatment. A single 10 Hz TMS procedure produced a profound increase in the delta power of background EEG. In lower arousal level conditions, higher and more precise P50 potential, ASSR and background alpha power were observed. During distraction task performance, reduced gamma band response and ASSR, and increased background gamma power were observed. Conclusions. During the treatment course of ECT it is recommended to evaluate P300 potential changes and to monitor subject’s indices of the autonomic nervous system function, as these are related to clinical efficiency. Passively elicited auditory responses should be registered during low arousal unfocused attention conditions when the most precise responses of the highest amplitude are registered.
FIBER SURFACE MODIFICATION BY STEAM-EXPLOSION: SORPTION STUDIES WITH CO-REFINED WOOD AND POLYOLEFINS

Steam-explosion was investigated as a reactive processing method to create a modified wood fiber by simultaneously co-refining wood chips and polyolefins (polyethylene and polypropylene). Sorption studies, along with infrared spectroscopy, were utilized to determine changes in physical and chemical properties to assess the degree of modification. From the isotherm sorption studies, it was found that co-steam-exploded wood fiber had reduced weight gain for the swelling region of the isotherm as compared to steam-exploded fiber without polyolefin (normalized by fiber mass). The reduction in weight gain for the co-steam-exploded samples was a function of polyolefin loading and polyolefin type. Additionally, the sorption rate of the fibers was reduced for the co-steam-exploded wood with polypropylene (in oxygen gas-deficient reaction conditions). With polyethylene, however, the rate of sorption increased for the co-steam-exploded mixtures. This phenomenon arose from an increase in the initial diffusion constant for all the materials. Although co-steam-exploded wood and polypropylene had a similar increase in diffusion constants, a difference of polyolefin interaction with wood fiber is attributed to slowing the rate of moisture penetration into the fiber for the iPP sample (in oxygen gas-deficient reaction conditions). The increase in diffusion constant for all co-steam-exploded material indicates modification within the cell wall. The proposed agents for interior cell-wall modification are oxidized polyolefin degradation products that migrate into the cell wall during processing.
An Analysis of Road User Charging and Road Pricing at the Upper Derwent Valley, UK

This paper discusses the effect of the road user charging scheme at the Peak District National Park, UK. The analysis was carried out with stated preference survey techniques and using a multinomial mixed logit model as well as conventional statistic and regression models. The analysis focused on not only the congestion level and environmental impact, but also equity issues associated with the road user charging scheme. From the estimation results, the scheme has great potential to reduce congestion in this area of natural beauty. However, the potential monetary policy tool also presents an equity problem, because elderly visitors will be more willing to pay the toll and the fee to park at the Information Centre. In other words, elderly visitors are more disadvantaged than other visitors. This example shows how a monetary policy tool causes an uneven effect.
Estimates of Repeatability and Heritability of Egg Number in Sasso Hens in a Tropical Environment

The aim of this study was to derive variance components, and hence, estimate repeatability and heritability of weekly egg production in Sasso hens. The birds, each with an identification number, were randomly selected and kept in individual battery cages which permitted open ventilation. Egg production records of thirty eight (out of the initial fifty four stocked) Sasso birds with consistency in lay from week 31 to week 38 of age were utilized for subsequent analyses. The effect of age (week) on egg production was determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure. Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 95% confidence interval. The components of variance were estimated using the PROC VARCOMP option of restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method of the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure to generate repeatability and heritability coefficients. The mean egg number per week was 3.51 with coefficient of variation of 19.0-23.4%. Egg production appeared to increase with age which was significant (P<0.05) from week 37-38. The variance component based on combined ages of the birds was 0.049 while that of the residual was 0.551. Repeatability estimate (R ± S.E.) was low (0.082 ± 0.011). However, the estimate of heritability (h2S ± S.E.) for egg number in the current population was moderate (0.326 ± 0.011). Based on the heritability coefficient, elite birds with the best average performance for week 31-38 of age could be selected as parents to produce offspring with optimal egg production.
UPFC Device: Optimal Location and Parameter Setting to Reduce Losses in Electric-Power Systems Using a Genetic-algorithm Method

Ensuring the secure operation of power systems has become an important and critical matter during the present time, along with the development of large, complex and load-increasing systems. Security constraints such as the thermal limits of transmission lines and bus-voltage limits must be satisfed under all of a system’s operational conditions. An alternative solution to improve the security of a power system is the employment of Flexible Alternating-Current Transmission Systems (FACTS). FACTS devices can reduce the flows of heavily loaded lines, maintain the bus voltages at desired levels, and improve the stability of a power network. The Unifed Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a versatile FACTS device that can independently or simultaneously control the active power, the reactive power and the bus voltage; however, to achieve such functionality, it is very important to determine the optimal location of the UPFC device, with the appropriate parameter setting, in the power system. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) method is applied to determine the optimal location of the UPFC device in a network for the enhancement of the power-system loadability and the minimization of the active power loss in the transmission line. To verify our approach, simulations were performed on the IEEE 14 Bus, 30 Bus, and 57 Bus test systems. The proposed work was implemented in the MATLAB platform.
A Sign Language to Text Converter Using Leap Motion

This paper presents a prototype that can convert sign language into text. A Leap Motion controller was utilised as an interface for hand motion tracking without the need of wearing any external instruments. Three recognition techniques were employed to measure the performance of the prototype, namely the Geometric Template Matching, Artificial Neural Network and Cross Correlation. 26 alphabets from American Sign Language were chosen for training and testing the proposed prototype. The experimental results showed that Geometric Template Matching achieved the highest recognition accuracy compared to the other recognition techniques.
Leptin Gene Mutations in Morbidly Obese and Severely Lean Individuals from Punjab, Pakistan

Obesity has become an epidemic of modern world. Although 6 mutations in the leptin gene have been found to be associated with congenital leptin deficiency, leptin gene polymorphism has not been studied in adult morbidly obese and severely lean individuals. This study involves comparison of obese and lean individuals. In this research leptin gene mutations were studied in both morbidly obese and severely lean adults. Studied individuals belong to Punjab, region of Pakistan. Present study included 25 consenting morbidly obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) and 25 severely lean (BMI<18 kg/m2) individuals from Punjab, Pakistan. By using organic method DNA extracted and PCR was done to amplify leptin gene with the help of specific primers. The sequence of leptin gene was analyzed by using SSCP, heteroduplex analysis and automated Sanger sequencing. No genetic mutation was detected in leptin gene in studied morbidly obese and severely lean individuals. The result suggested that in Pakistani population leptin gene may not be a major cause for obesity and leanness. Other genetics as well as environmental factors may be involved.
Evidence that Gender Effects on Time-to-ECG may be attributable to differences in Atypical Presentations

Electrocardiogram (ECG) completion within 10 minutes for patients with suspected coronary heart disease is a quality marker for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Controversy exists as to whether differences between genders in the frequency of atypical symptoms cause the observed differences in times to ECG (TECG) acquisition. Our goal was to assess whether delays observed between genders was attributable to differences in atypical symptom rates. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 8747 patients presenting to a Level 1 trauma hospital with a pre-specified set of “atypical” or “typical” chief complaints for ACS. Three-hundred patients were randomly selected for review. Hypotheses regarding TECG were tested using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and proportional hazards regression. Chi-square, t-test, and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare demographic variables. Results: The sample consisted of 167 women and 133 men. Atypical complaints, walk-in, lower ESI Triage Criteria, and age <50yrs were each associated with longer TECG. The median TECG was 19 (95%CI 13-94) minutes for males and 83 (95%CI 20- UK) for females. Neither Kaplan Meier Survival analysis nor proportional hazards regression showed a significant difference between the TECG in men versus women or differences in gender within atypical and typical. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference between rates of atypical symptoms between men (43%) and women (57%). Presentation with atypical symptoms affected the likelihood, therefore, speed of TECG. These results suggest that, were there observed differences in atypical symptom rates between genders in other studies; these may have contributed in part or full to any observed differences between genders in TECG.
Spectroscopy-on-chip applications of silicon photonics

In recent years silicon photonics has become a mature technology enabling the integration of a variety of optical and optoelectronic functions by means of advanced CMOS technology. While most efforts in this field have gone to telecom and datacom/interconnect applications, there is a rapidly growing interest in using the same technology for sensing applications, ranging from refractive index sensing to spectroscopic sensing. In this paper the prospect of silicon photonics for absorption, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy on-a-chip will be discussed. To allow spectroscopy in the visible and near infrared the silicon photonics platform is extended with silicon nitride waveguides.
Combined cooling and power MicroGrid system with MW class micro turbine in China

Micro turbine (MT), which is a clean, high efficiency and the best choice applied in Distribution Generation (DG) or Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) system, has a wide application prospect in China. Aimed at the national 863 plan “The key technology and demonstration project of grid-connecting issue for a MW level CCP distributed energy MicroGrid”, this paper detailed introduces the design experience of the CCP (Combined cooling and power) MicroGrid in the aspect of grid-connecting voltage, MT type choosing, MT capacity and grid-connecting mode. Firstly the structure of CCP (Combined cooling and power) system of demonstration project is introduced; secondly, some schemes are presented in terms of design technology of MT grouping, grid structure, operation mode, protection coordination and settings. Comparisons of the schemes are analyzed in terms of advancement, feasibility, economy and reliability. Finally, design frame of MicroGrid Energy Management System (MEMS) is put forward to guarantee the high efficiency and advancement of CCP system running.
The Purpose of Child Support

O’Connor College of Law, Arizona State. Tara Ellman is an economic consultant in Tempe, Arizona. Much of the work on this paper was completed while Professor Ellman was Visiting Scholar at the School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, and he wishes to express his appreciation for the school’s hospitality. The authors benefitted from discussions of this paper at the Faculty Workshop of the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University, and at the Spring 2006 meeting of the Child and Youth Policy Center of the University of California at Berkeley. Special thanks are due Neil Gilbert for his comments on an earlier draft, and Elizabeth Fella for her able research assistance.
Optimisation du procede de depot cvd du cuivre et integration de la metallisation cuivre en technologie d'interconnexion 0. 18 microns

Ce travail de these porte sur l'etude de la metallisation cu-cvd avec une barriere tin-cvd et son integration dans des structures d'interconnexions double damascene en technologie 0. 18 m et inferieure. Il concerne l'aspect materiau des interconnexions. L'integration du cuivre impose la maitrise de plusieurs parametres tels que le depot de la metallisation dans des motifs graves a hauts facteurs de forme, comprenant le depot preliminaire d'une barriere a la diffusion du cuivre. Apres une introduction sur l'importance croissante des interconnexions sur la performance finale des circuits integres avances, une premiere partie du rapport de these portera sur le choix et l'optimisation de procedes chimiques en phase vapeur pour le depot de la barriere de diffusion tin et le depot du cu. Leurs performances seront evaluees sur des structures d'interconnexions et comparees a d'autres procedes de depot. Par la suite, nous tiendrons compte des conditions reelles d'integration pour l'adaptation et l'optimisation des procedes de depots metal et dielectrique. Nous mettrons notamment en evidence les effets de contamination et d'interface des materiaux deposes en couches minces sur les performances des interconnexions. La possibilite d'integrer la metallisation cu-cvd/tin-cvd avec l'oxyde de silicium comme isolant sera demontree. Les industriels choisissent generalement de commencer l'integration du cuivre en technologie 0. 18 m avec une metallisation cu-ecd/cu-imp/tan-imp ; nous etudierons dans le dernier chapitre les changements impliques par ce choix sur les performances des interconnexions, et mettront en evidence les avantages de la metallisation cu-cvd/tin-cvd pour les technologies plus avancees.
Gender Differences in Communication Styles: Implications for Classroom Teaching In Nigerian Schools

Understanding brings about the realization of goals and objectives of the schools which can be achieved through effective communication. In the teaching-learning situation, mutual interaction must occur between the teacher and the students in form of meaningful communication. However, teachers are faced with a lot of barriers which affect the process of imparting the necessary skills, ideas, attitudes, knowledge and the right values in the students. Gender factor is seen in this paper as one of the barriers affecting effective communication in the school and this has to do with the unequal treatments of boys and girls by their teachers in the classroom teaching, which teachers at times are not aware of. Gender differences in communication styles need to be checked for teaching-learning process to achieve its purposes. This paper therefore focuses on communication in the classroom, communication barriers affecting classroom teaching, comparisons between male and female students’ communication styles, and finally, steps in promoting communication effectiveness in teaching.
TEMPORAL COURSE OF THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF LOVE THROUGHOUT RELATIONSHIPS

En un trabajo reciente (C. Yela, 1996) se puso a prueba un modelo teorico estructural del amor, fruto de la introduccion de ciertas matizaciones en el modelo de Sternberg (1986), verificando empiricamente cuatro dimensiones basicas: Pasion Erotica, Pasion Romantica, Intimidad y Compromiso. En este, contrastamos la parte dinamica del modelo, es decir, el curso temporal de dichos componentes a lo largo de la relacion de pareja. Para ello aplicamos las mismas escalas (con items de Sternberg y otros autores) a una muestra de 412 sujetos. El analisis de los datos confirmo en buena medida las hipotesis planteadas aunque tambien obtuvimos algunos resultados inesperados, de los que ofrecemos distintas alternativas de explicacion. El analisis global de los componentes parece sugerir la existencia de tres fases fundamentales en la evolucion del amor: "enamoramiento", "amor pasional" y "amor companero". Finalmente, se recuerdan algunas limitaciones del estudio, asi como posibles sugerencias de cara a investigaciones futuras