Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional intelligence among medical undergraduates, interns, postgraduates, and medical practitioners

Introduction: Emotional intelligence (EI) impacts many different aspects of daily life, such as the way one behaves and interacts with others. Empathy, one of the five elements of EI, is considered to be the most important psychosocial factor of inpatient care. An assessment of EI and empathy would help health-care professionals give better patient-centered care. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the various components of EI among medical students and professionals and study its relation with personal and social factors. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample that consists of 200 participants in Mamata Medical College, Khammam and Pratima Medical College, Karimnagar, Telangana during a period of 6 months (2018). A semi-structured pro forma is used to collect sociodemographic profile and the emotional quotient self-assessment checklist by Sterrett is used to measure EI and empathy. Results: There is a significant negative correlation between work hours and empathy, individuals with lesser work hours scored higher on empathy and social competence. There is also a significant negative correlation between motivation and sleep hours, individuals with more number of sleep hours scored lesser on motivation. Those who exercised scored higher on self-awareness and social competence as compared to those who never exercised. Individuals with a greater number of friends in the workplace scored significantly higher in confidence and motivation. Conclusion: The current study supports that good work relations, empathy, and exercise have a positive correlation with various domains of EI.
Are exotic species red queens? A comment by A.P. Møller

The reason why some exotic species successfully invade novel environments while others do not is of major scientific and practical concern (e.g. SOL et al. 2012). PLATT & JESCHKE (2014) recently proposed the interesting idea that invasions result in enemy release, and that there is selection against sexual reproduction in the invaded environment resulting in a reduction in the cost of sexual reproduction and hence an increase in reproductive output. Furthermore, they provided evidence across 70 animal species that there was indeed a decrease in sexual reproduction associated with enemy release in a majority of cases. While these findings are encouraging, they conceal some deficiencies in the tests that may render the conclusions less clear-cut than presented. The empirical part of the paper rests on the assumption that different species constitute statistically independent observations and hence can be tallied for statistical analysis. Closely related species can have similar phenotypes for two different reasons: convergent evolution or shared phenotype due to common ancestry. For example, the five species of Aphis, the three species of Varanus and the three species of Ericaphis in the study by PLATT & JESCHKE (2014) are most certainly not statistically independent, nor are other congeners. Any statistical treatment of data consisting of observations of different species must show that these are statistically independent or reduce the degrees of freedom accordingly (HARVEY & PAGEL 1991). Hence, until a formal comparative analysis has been conducted, the conclusions remain tentative at best. A second point concerns the basis for the assumption that enemy release (RICHARDSON et al. 2000) is a general phenomenon affecting invading species. While enemy release is most likely a real phenomenon, a similar process applies to all other organisms, so there is also a loss of symbionts that otherwise would have beneficial effects on individuals belonging to the population in question (TURNBAUGH et al. 2007). The net benefit of loss of different associated taxa remains to be determined in any single taxon. At the very least, the net benefit of enemy release relative to that due to loss of microorganisms remains to be quantified. The Red Queen hypothesis (VAN VALEN 1973) assumes that sexual reproduction is beneficial when conspecific and interspecific interactions are intense. Here, PLATT & JESCHKE (2014) suggested that the loss of enemies in the introduced range of an invasive species should have as a consequence that there is a tendency towards asexual reproduction. While this argument makes sense, it also raises the spectre of heterogeneity in responses depending on the intensity of interactions. Hence, we should expect a greater change in sexuality in the introduced range in the species in which interactions are more severe. Therefore, the intensity of viability selection derived from enemies should correlate positively with the extent of change in sexuality. Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 2015 Vol. 27, No. 1, 101–102, http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/03949370.2014. 946540
Measurement of non-invasive blood pressure in lateral decubitus position under general anaesthesia — Which arm gives more accurate BP in relation to invasive BP - dependent or non-dependent arm?

Background and Aims: Non-invasive blood pressure (NiBP) varies with the arm and body position. In the lateral decubitus position (LDP), the non-dependent arm reads lower, and the dependent arm reads higher pressure. We aimed to study the correlation between the NiBP and invasive arterial blood pressure (ABP) as anaesthesia progressed and its correlation in different BP ranges. Methods: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA I–III) patients, between 18–70 years undergoing neurosurgical procedures in the LDP were studied. All were anaesthetised using a standard protocol, positioned in the LDP. NiBP was measured every 15 min in both dependent and non-dependent arms and correlated with the ABP. Results: Intra-class correlation (ICC) done between the dependent arm NiBP and ABP showed good correlation for mean and systolic BP and moderate correlation for diastolic BP. ICC was 0.800, 0.846 and 0.818 for mean and 0.771, 0.782, 0.792 for systolic BP at 15 min, 1 h, and 2 h, respectively. The ICC between the non-dependent arm NiBP and the invasive ABP showed poor correlation for all BP (systolic, diastolic and mean). As anaesthesia progressed, the mean difference between the NiBP and the ABP decreased in the dependent arm and increased in the non-dependent arm. The strength of agreement between the NiBP and the ABP in various BP ranges showed moderate correlation for the dependent arm NiBP (0.45–0.54) and poor correlation (0.21–0.38) for the non-dependent arm. Conclusion: The NiBP of the dependent arm correlated well with ABP in LDP under general anaesthesia (GA). It is better to defer measuring NiBP in the non-dependent arm as the correlation with ABP is poor.
Comparative analysis of the chemical composition of three spices – Allium sativum L. Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Capsicum frutescens L. commonly consumed in Nigeria

The beneficial health effects of spices against common chronic systemic diseases have been well documented. Comparative study of the proximate, mineral and phytochemical components of three spices namely garlic ( Allium sativum L. ), ginger ( Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and pepper ( Capsicum frutescens L.) were investigated. Analysis of the proximate composition revealed that the spices had considerable carbohydrate and crude protein content, but low ash, fibre, moisture and fat except pepper which has high crude fat content. The spices were also characterized by the presence of mineral elements such as calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, copper and zinc which are very important to human nutrition. Phytochemical screening indicated that these spices are also rich in phytonutrients including alkaloid, tannin, carotenoids, saponin and flavonoids. The spices had low concentrations of steroids and cardenolides. Overall, the findings indicate that the spices are good sources of nutrients, mineral elements and phytochemicals which could be exploited as great potentials for drugs and/or nutritional supplements. Key words : Comparative, nutritional, supplements, spices.
Nicotine replacement therapy: A friend or foe

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC), tobacco cessation is a primary health-care service that should be provided not only to the people having adverse habits of consuming tobacco but also to the nonconsumer, as they can also be harmed due to its deleterious effects. Tobacco has been regarded as a potential risk factor for oral diseases such as oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancers. Various aids of achieving cessation have been studied, including education of the ill effects of tobacco to the patient, behavioral counseling, and pharmacotherapy. Various pharmacological interventions are available nowadays but nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is most widely used. The various types of NRT products results in general and breakthrough craving relief with immediate release of nicotine. All of these products have different levels of efficacy and variable rates of nicotine absorption. Knowledge of these will be beneficial for the patients, the budding dentist and the nation in the upcoming days ahead.
The relationship between neuroticism and suicidal thoughts among medical students: Moderating role of attachment styles

Aim: The present study strives to find an experimental response to these questions: “Is the relationship between neuroticism and suicidal thoughts a simple relationship? Or are there other psychopathological variables such as attachment styles that also affect it? ”Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 376 medical students were selected from the three major cities of Iran using multi-stage sampling method from July 2018 to September 2018 and were evaluated using the demographic information questionnaire, Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ). Results: The overall prevalence of having suicidal thoughts among Iranian medical students was 17%. Moreover, the prevalence of suicide among the female, widowed, separated, and divorced students was higher than others. There was also a significant correlation between suicidal thoughts, gender, relational status, neuroticism, avoidant insecure attachment style, secure attachment style, and anxious/ambivalent insecure attachment style. Additionally, the attachment styles have a moderating role in the relationship between neuroticism and suicidal thoughts. Conclusion: Based on the current study, it is concluded that despite the presence of neuroticism in medical students, the attachment styles can reduce the risk of suicide as moderator variables. Hence, attachment styles can be considered a potential treatment goal in the prevention of suicide.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PYOCYANIN FROM Pseudomonas aeruginosa ISOLATE TO Aeromonas hydrophilaWITH IN VITRO METHOD

This research is looking for the natural alternative antibacterial to control bacterial disease Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) in fishes caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. This research using pyocyanin blue-green pigmen from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate which is tested for antibacterial potency to Aeromonas hydrophila by in vitro of dilution and diffusion method. Purpose of this research was to know Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of pyocyanin, diameter of inhibitory zone Aeromonas hydrophila and correlation between pyocyanin concentration and diameter of inhibitory zone Aeromonas hydrophila. The research use experimental method completely random design with twelve treatment and three times repetitions. Parameter observed are Optical Density (OD) value for MIC test, growth of Aeromonas hydrophila colonies for MBC test and diameter of inhibitory zone Aeromonas hydrophila for diffusion disk test. Other parameter are temperature incubation and pH medium. Data from diffusion method was analysed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Result of research at dilution method shows that pyocyanin have bacteriostatic activity to Aeromonas hydrophila. There are real influence from pyocyanin concentration to diameter of inhibitory zone. The best treatment is concentration 100% which is not differ with 90% (p>0.05). At diffusion method, concentration 20% with Optical Density (OD) 0.058 was able to inhibit the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila. Furthermore research should be done to know Aeromonas hydrophila density that can be inhibited by pyocyanin which had been extracted and purificated to get active material α-hydroxyphenazine and also require furthermore research to know direct influence or activity from pyocyanin for disease treatment caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection and other of bacterial disease agents in fishes with in vivo method.
Mate change in a socially monogamous mammal: evidences support the “forced divorce” hypothesis

Three main hypotheses have been proposed to explain mate switching in monogamous species: the "better option" hypothesis, the incompatibility hypothesis, and the "forced divorce" hypothesis. We tested the predictions of these hypotheses for the first time in a monogamous mammal using long-term data from a natural population of Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota). Generally, pair disruption resulted in one of the pair members staying on the territory and re-pairing with a younger incomer, whereas the other disappeared from the territory. Replaced individuals were rarely found as dominant in a territory but were often injured or found dead. Individuals gained no benefit from mate switching: new mates were neither heavier, larger, or more heterozygote nor more genetically compatible than previous mates. Moreover, no increase in reproductive success was observed after re-pairing. The relationship between reproductive failure and occurrence of mate change was mainly due to infanticide by the incomer. Our results support the "forced divorce" hypothesis in the Alpine marmot and suggest that mate switching has strong consequences on breeding success. We discuss the importance of taking into account the cases of forced divorce while studying mate switching process and its evolutionary consequences in monogamous species. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.
Seasonality of canopy invertebrate communities in eucalypt forests of eastern and western Australia

Chemical knockdown procedures were used to sample canopy arthropods at 3 month intervals over 1 year at two sites, one in eastern Australia and the other in western Australia. Samples were taken from narrow-leaved ironbark, Eucalyptus crebra, and grey box, Eucalyptus moluccana, in the east and from jarrah, Eucalyptus marginata, and marri, Eucalyptus calophylla, in the west. Arthropods were more abundant on trees in eastern Australia and exhibited different seasonal patterns from those in the west. Members of different functional groups exhibited different seasonal patterns, with some herbivorous groups responding to times of leaf production, decomposers and fungus feeders responding to high moisture availability, and predators/parasites responding to the abundance of food items. Seasonal variability was slightly higher in the west, possibly reflecting the greater seasonal amplitude in rainfall. In the eastern forest, proportionately more taxa peaked in spring or summer and declined to minimum numbers in winter. In the western forest several taxa attained peak numbers in autumn, winter or spring, while others declined to minimum values in winter or summer. The phenological patterns of canopy arthropods appear to be linked to the condition of the host plant and/or to climatic factors. Comparison of the western Australian data to those from a second year of sampling at a time when rainfall was greater and fell later into the season indicated that variability in arthropod numbers between years can be as great as that between seasons. Implications of the variability in seasonal and annual patterns of canopy invertebrate communities are discussed in relation to the need for long-term sampling and in relation to evaluating the impact of disturbance on forest communities.
Effect of dietary exogenous phytase on laying performance of chicken at older ages

A total of 48 Shaver-579 chicken layers aged between 85 to 94 weeks were reared in individual cages and given a basal diet amounting to 115g feed/bird/day. The basal diet fortified with 0.05, 0.10 or 0.15% Rena-Phytase-400 constituted of 3 experimental diets to see the effects of exogenous phytase on egg production and egg quality. Results indicated that increasing level of exogenous phytase in diet almost linearly (p<0.05) increased egg production and feed conversion but did not affect egg quality. Providing phytase in the diet at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% increased egg production by 11.86, 22.2 and 24.58%, respectively. It was shown that highest egg production was found at 0.15% phytase levels in diet. It can be concluded that egg production of aged hen could be increased by adding said amount of exogenous phytase in the diet. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1. 19385 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (1): 52-55
Book reviews

This book is a necessary resource for those involved in the neuropsychological evaluation of children. The book includes a through discussion of measurement issues such as composition of normative data for various tests. This makes it relevant to those who are interested in child neuropsychology test validity including researchers. For researchers involved in longitudinal assessment of children there is a useful discussion of change scores. The book begins with two general chapters entitled “Child neuropsychology: Current status”, and “Clinical issues”. These opening chapters are followed by eight chapters structured by current models of childhood cognition (intelligence tests, executive function, attention, language, motor and sensory-perceptual, visuo-perceptual, visuo-spatial, and visuo-constructional). These chapters include detailed discussion of contemporary concepts of each area of function. Issues regarding the measurement of each area of function are highlighted with special attention to test validity. Baron reminds us throughout the book of the importance of checking normative sampling, data stratification by, for example, age and education. She speaks to the importance of referring to tables detailing levels of significance for score differences such as the significant differences between Verbal IQ and Performance IQ, reminding us that 24% of the WISC standardisation sample obtained a significant Verbal IQ/Performance IQ difference. Each chapter details tests to be considered when measuring particular areas of function. Baron shares her personal view on the advantages and disadvantages of each test. The reader will feel that they are benefiting from her expertise. She advises throughout on error analysis, offering the clinician guidance on response analysis that is not always quantified in the tests themselves. Indeed this is another issue which is addressed throughout the book—the need for child neuropsychological tests to allow the examiner to measure behaviour and response style. In each chapter, Baron highlights what is known of brain regions associated with particular cognitive functions. She also offers a developmental
Intra & inter‐regional industry shocks: A new metric with application to Australasian currency union

We place regional industry structures at centre stage in currency union analysis, decomposing differences between regional and aggregate cycles into “industry structure” and “industry cycle” effects. The industry structure effect indicates whether a region's industry structure causes its cycle to deviate from the aggregate; the industry cycle effect indicates the importance of region‐specific shocks in causing a deviation between cycles. We apply the methodology to Australasia. One region, ACT, has a material industry structure effect arising from its heavy central government concentration. No other region has a material industry structure effect; their cycles differ from the aggregate due to region‐specific shocks.
L’apport des modèles animaux en biologie cellulaire

Si la culture cellulaire a ete et reste le materiel prefere du biologiste cellulaire - essentiellement de par sa facilite d’utilisation - les cellules mises en culture perdent certaines de leurs proprietes : et en acquierent d’autres. De plus, ces memes cellules ne representent qu’une partie d’un tissu et a fortiori d’un organe, et les resultats obtenus dans des conditions de culture ne peuvent pas etre extrapoles a des conditions plus complexes. En consequence, le chercheur a du faire appel a des modeles animaux pour resoudre les problemes qui lui etaient poses, la question devenant celle du choix du modele. Les principaux systemes existants sont decrits dans ce texte de facon non exhaustive, sous forme d’exemples, en illustrant leurs apports en biologie cellulaire.
A Study on Pathogenicity of Bacteria Carried by Pine Wood Nematodes

Three bacterial strains Njh, Njt and Njw, have been isolated with a high frequency from the xylem of the wilted black pine (Pinus thuntergii) and from the surface of the pine wood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). These bacteria have been identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype I, P. fluorescens biotype II and a species of the genus Pantoea respectively. To determine pathogenicity, callus and aseptic black pine seedlings were inoculated as follows: aseptic nematodes only (each of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus); bacterium only (each of bacterial strain Njh, Njt, Njw) and aseptic nematodes plus bacterium (each of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus in combination with each of Njh, Njt, Njw). The results showed that inoculation with either aseptic B. xylophilus or B. mucronatus did not lead to browning of the callus or wilt of aseptic black pine seedlings. But those inoculated with aseptic nematodes plus any one of Njh, Njt, Njw showed some wilting or browning symptoms. The combination of nematodes plus either Njh or Njt caused severe symptoms but the combination of nematodes plus Njw had fewer symptoms. The bacteria carried by pine wood nematodes played an important role in pathogenicity. In addition, bacteria were cultured in liquid media through shaking. The filtered liquid was directly applied to the callus and the ability of each kind of bacterium to induce browning was determined. The results showed that Njh and Njt caused severe browning but Njw did not. It is suspected that this is due to wilt related toxins in the bacterial culture fluid. Therefore, it's suggested that the disease was caused by co-infection of both pine wood nematodes and bacteria and possible toxic effect of bacteria.