Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REDO-random excitation and deterministic observation-first commercial experiment

For many years, non-target detection experiments have been simulated by using AND/OR bridges or gross delay faults as surrogates. For example, the defective part level can be estimated based upon surrogate detection when test patterns target stuck-at faults in the circuit. For the first time, test pattern generation techniques that attempt to maximize non-target defect detection have been used to test a real, 100% scanned, commercial chip consisting of 75 K logic gates. In this experiment, the defective part level for REDO-based patterns was 1,288 parts per million lower than that achieved by DC stuck-at based patterns generated using today's state of the art tools and techniques.
Doença do disco intervertebral Hansen tipo II em cães: fisiopatologia, abordagem clínico-cirúrgica e controvérsias Hansen type II disc disease in dogs: pathophysiology, clinical- surgical approach and controversies

Protrusion of the intervertebral disc can cause chronic progressive compression of the spinal cord, and the neurological associated signs vary according to anatomical location, duration and dynamic force of compression. The type II disc disease is not fully understood, and there are many controversies about is clinical significance and best form of treatment. The most important aspect of conservative treatment is rest and physiotherapy associated with mild exercise, and use of corticosteroids to reduce vasogenic edema. The spinal decompression by surgery for removal of disc material from within the medullary canal is the surgical treatment of choice in type I disc disease, but has technical limitations in the type II disc disease. The purpose of this paper is to review the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic intervertebral disc disease and discuss the controversies in medical treatment and the use of
Cluster-based test architecture design for system-on-chip

A test architecture for an SOC consists of a number of Test Access Mechanisms that connect to wrapped cores. This paper presents a new test architecture, named the TestRail Architecture, that is a hybrid form of the known Daisychain and Distribution Architectures. An important characteristic of the TestRail Architecture is that it allows for efficient testing of both the cores as well as the core-external circuitry. We present two alternative optimization algorithms for the TestRail Architecture, that minimize the total core-internal test time of the cores in the SOC. These algorithms handle both cores with fixed-length and flexible-length scan chains. Experimental results on three industrial benchmark SOCs show that, compared to previous publications, we obtain comparable or better test times at drastically reduced compute times.
Prophylaxis for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Brief Review

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects about 15% to 20% of all children younger than 2 years and in the major part of cases results in mild upper respiratory tract disease with a spontaneous resolution, but in a minority (usually infants <6 months old), it causes serious respiratory tract disease. However, in some high-risk pediatric groups (preterm infants, particularly with a gestational age younger than 32 weeks, children with lung disease or affected by pulmonary or cardiac disease and in immunocompromised children), severe lower respiratory tract infection with considerable illness and death is a more frequent occurrence. Palivizumab, a genetically engineered humanized monoclonal antibody, has been shown to reduce RSV-related hospitalizations significantly, with few adverse effects. It was approved for use in high-risk children in the USA in 1998 and in Europe in 1999; it is now approved for use in more than 45 countries. The aim of this review is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of this drug in the prevention of RSV infection.
Antibacterial and healing potentials of CHARMIL® as a surgical wound dressing agent in goats

The antibacterial prophylaxis and wound healing potentials of Charmil® were assessed using rumenotomy procedure in twelve West African Dwarf Goats (WADG) . Following their acclimatization, the animals were divided into three groups of four animals each, with normal saline serving as negative control treatment whereas the (Tetrasol®) group served as positive control. The incision wounds were swabbed for bacterial culture immediately after the closure of the surgical site on post surgical day (P. sd.) 0, and P.sds 3,7,10, and 14. The daily clinical records which include the assessment of wound healing process as wetness, dryness, crust formation and scar tissue formation (S.T.F.) were obtained during the same period. The rate of wound healing in the three groups revealed that by the 14th day P.S. all the wounds treated with both Charmil® and oxytetracycline spray healed completely while those of the normal saline treated group healed at a much slower rate. Though Tetrasol® exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than Charmil®, there is no significant difference (P>0.05) between the two agents. In this study therefore Charmil® demonstrated very high antimicrobial and healing potentials in comparison to that of Oxytetracycline spray. The study shows that though Charmil® could be used as a sole prophylactic wound dressing agent, there is a strong need for the manufacturers of the product to make public the active constituents of the product to encourage its' wider application in Veterinary practice. Keywords : Antibacterial, wound Healing, charmil®, Surgical Dressing Agent, Goat. > Agro-Science Vol. 6 (1) 2007: pp. 63-70
Effect of emollient therapy on clinical outcomes in preterm neonates in Pakistan: a randomised controlled trial

Importance Newborn oil massage, a traditional community practice, could potentially benefit thermoregulation and skin barrier function, and prevent serious infections, morbidity and mortality in high-risk preterm infants, but has only been evaluated in limited studies in low income settings. Objectives To assess the efficacy of topical coconut oil applications among a cohort of hospital-born preterm infants. Design A prospective, individually randomised controlled clinical trial. Setting Nursery and neonatal intensive care unit at Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan. Participants Of 270 eligible neonates, a consecutive cohort of 258 hospital-born preterm infants (gestational age ≥26 weeks and ≤37 weeks). Intervention Twice daily topical application of coconut oil by nurses from birth until discharge and continued thereafter by mothers at home until completion of the 28th day of life. Primary outcome measures Incidence of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Secondary outcome measures Weight gain, skin condition and neonatal mortality. Results 23% of the enrolled neonates developed clinically suspected sepsis while 14% developed blood culture proven infection. The unadjusted hazard for developing hospital-acquired infection in the control group was 4.7 (95% CI 1.8 to 12.4) compared with the intervention group. After adjusting for gestational age, birth weight, duration of intubation and duration of hospitalisation for possible confounding, the hazard for hospital-acquired infection in the control group was 6.0 (95% CI 2.3 to 16) compared with the intervention group. The rate of hospital-acquired infections in the control and intervention groups was 219.1 and 39.5 per 1000 patient-days, respectively. Mean weight gain was 11.3 g/day higher (95% CI 8.1 to 14.6, p<0.0001) and average skin condition was significantly better in the intervention group when compared with controls. There was no significant impact on duration of hospitalisation or neonatal mortality. No adverse effects such as local irritation or local infection were observed among newborns receiving coconut oil applications. Conclusions Topical emollient therapy was effective in maintaining skin integrity and reducing the risk of bloodstream infection in preterm infants in a tertiary hospital setting in Pakistan. The effectiveness of this approach in primary care settings needs to be further explored. Trial registration number NCT01396642.
Acute Onset Headache Complicating Labor Epidural Caused by Intrapartum Pneumocephalus

BACKGROUND: Epidural placement for obstetric anesthesia is a common procedure. Pneumocephalus, the introduction of air into the cranial cavity after epidural placement, is a rare complication encountered when air is used for identification of the epidural space. CASE: A 42-year-old primipara undergoing epidural placement reported sudden onset of severe headache with associated neurologic symptoms and nuchal rigidity. Emergent CT scan revealed pneumocephalus. With conservative management, her symptoms resolved with interval resumption of the air collection evidenced on interval CT. CONCLUSION: Acute onset headache after epidural placement can present with impressive neurologic signs and symptoms. Prompt identification of the cause of this pathology is of vital importance to delineate pneumocephalus from potentially treatable or life-threatening disorders.
Knowledge and practice of barbers regarding transmission of blood-borne viruses in Khartoum state

Background : Blood-borne viruses constitute a major public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. One mode of transmission of these viruses is use of contaminated razors and blades by barbers. The aims of this study were to assess the awareness of shop barbers and roadside barbers in Khartoum state regarding knowledge and modes of transmission of Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Human immunodeficiency virus and to observe their practice regarding proper use and disposal of razors and blades. Design and Setting : This is a cross-sectional comparative community-based study carried out in Khartoum state, Sudan. Materials and Methods : The study included two groups of barbers-shop barbers and roadside barbers. Barbers were questioned on their level of education, basic knowledge and modes of transmission of HBV, HCV and HIV, their knowledge about HBV vaccine and their vaccination status. Statistical Analysis: Was done using SPSS software program to calculate frequencies, X 2 and t-tests. P value was taken at a significant level of Results: Barbers in both groups had good basic knowledge about HIV infection and its modes of transmission, while in both groups knowledge about hepatitis and its modes of transmission were poor. In both groups standard cleaning and sterilization of equipment procedures were not followed and special sharps' disposal containers were not used. Conclusion: Practice in both groups may lead to spread of HIV, HBV and HCV between customers. The public media should spend more effort on spreading information and knowledge about hepatitis as it does with HIV. Local authorities should distribute leaflets with detailed information on proper modes of cleaning and sterilization of equipment and of disposal of used blades to all those seeking to open a barber's shop and roadside barbers should be encouraged to use disposable razor blades on customers as they lack proper water supply and sterilization equipment.
Probiotic supplementation in children with autism spectrum disorder

A mother of a 4 year old with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) attends the paediatric outpatient clinic. Her son has significant behavioural difficulties, tantrums that are difficult to control, an obsession with spinning wheels and sensory difficulties. She has heard and read about the advantages of probiotic supplementation (PS) in ASD. She wants to know if her son should be given probiotics to improve his behaviour. You wonder if there is any evidence that regular PS improve behaviour in children with ASD. Structured clinical question: In children with proven ASD (patient), does supplementation with any probiotic microorganism/s (intervention) compared with placebo/none (comparator) improve behaviour (outcome) in the short term? Search strategy and outcome—secondary sources: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, the Cochrane library, Issue 2, 2012) was searched in …
pH-Dependent configurations of a 5-chlorouracil-guanine base pair.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from activated neutrophils at sites of inflammation can react with and damage biological molecules, including nucleic acids. The reaction of HOCl with cytosine analogues can generate multiple products, including 5-chlorouracil (ClU). In this paper, we have constructed oligonucleotides containing ClU paired opposite guanine (ClU-G). Melting studies indicate that oligonucleotide duplexes containing the ClU-G mispair are substantially less stable than those containing a ClU-A base pair. The melting temperature of the ClU-G mispair is not experimentally distinguishable from that of a T-G pair. NMR studies indicate that the ClU-G base pair adopts a wobble geometry at neutral pH, similar to a T-G mispair. The exchangeable protons of the ClU-G mispair broaden rapidly with an increase in temperature, indicating that the ClU-G mispair is less stable and opens more easily than the surrounding adjacent base pairs. Unlike the ClU-A base pair studied previously [Theruvathu, J. A. , et al. (2009) Biochemistry 48, 7539-7546], the ClU-G mispair undergoes a pH-dependent structural change, assuming an ionized base pair configuration that approximates a Watson-Crick base pair at higher pH. Ionization of ClU in a DNA template could promote mispair formation and mutation, in accord with previous studies on other 5-halouracil analogues. The electron-withdrawing 5-chloro substituent facilitates ionization of the ClU N3 proton, promoting mispair formation, but it also renders the glycosidic bond susceptible to base cleavage by DNA repair glycosylases.
Commitment in bidding agents

Agent oriented systems, based on different views of computational entities, offer powerful tools for implementation of various complex systems. A framework for designing electric power market agents, which are buyers, sellers and a coordinator is presented. The main emphasis is how to consider bidding time and commitment period in the decision process. Finally a worked example shows the applicability of the proposed algorithm.
New results using multi array sensors and support vector machines for the detection and classification of organophosphate nerve agents

The threat of chemical and biological agents (CBAs) becoming the preferred-weapon of mass destruction (WMD) for international terrorist organizations has produced a significant effort to develop tools that can detect CBAs and effectively combat biochemical warfare. CBAs can attack large populations while leaving infrastructures intact. Despite the availability of numerous sensing devices, intelligent hybrid sensors that can detect and degrade CBAs are virtually nonexistent. This paper reports the integration of multi-array sensors with support vector machines (SVMs) for the detection of organophosphate nerve agents using parathion and dichlorvos as model stimulants compounds. SVMs were used for the design and evaluation of new and more accurate data extraction, preprocessing and classification. Experimental results using structural risk minimization show a significant increase in classification accuracy when compared to the existing AromaScan baseline system. For the most difficult classification task, the Parathion vs Paraoxon pair, the following results were achieved (using the three SVM kernels), as described in this paper: (1) ROC Az indices from approximately 93% to greater than 99%, (2) partial Az values from /spl ap/79% to 93%, (3) specificities from 76% to /spl ap/84% at 100 and 98% sensitivity, and (4) PPVs from 73% to /spl ap/84% at 100% and 98% sensitivities. These are excellent results, considering only one atom differentiates these nerve agents.
Sex Bias in the Family Allocation of Food and Health Care in Rural Bangladesh

Conclusive evidence was provided in an earlier study by the authors of higher female than male mortality from shortly after birth through the childbearing ages in a rural area of Bangladesh. ' Male mortality exceeded female mortality in the neonatal period, but this differential was reversed in the postneonatal period. Higher female than male mortality continued through childhood into adolescence and extended through the reproductive ages. The most marked differences were observed in the 1-4-year age group, where female mortality exceeded male mortality by as much as 50 percent. The higher male mortality rate during the neonatal period is consistent with evidence from many societies that the biological risk of death is higher among male children than among female children.2 The reversal of the sex differential of mortality, markedly so during childhood and persisting through adolescence, was postulated to be reflective of sex-biased health- and nutritionrelated behavior favoring male children. Son preference in parental care, intrafamily food distribution, feeding practices, and utilization of health services are some of the behavioral mechanisms by which sex-biased attitudes may have led to the observed mortality pattern. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of this hypothesis. To do so, a framework is presented in which the mechanisms through which sex-biased attitudes and practices might operate to affect health, nutrition, and mortality are postulated. In-depth empirical data are presented from rural Bangladesh to examine the validity of the hypothesis that sex-biased health and nutrition behavior discriminates against female children, thereby causing an aberrant female predominance in the childhood mortality rate. The paper concludes by discussing policy and program implications associated with these findings.
Gestational age and school achievement: a population study

Objective Academic achievement varies according to gestational age but it is unclear whether achievement varies within ‘term’ (37–41 weeks gestation) or for ‘post-term’ births (≥42 weeks). We examined gestational age from preterm to post-term against a national minimum standard for academic achievement in population data. Design Literacy and numeracy data of 8-year-old South Australian grade 3 children in 2008–2010 were linked to routinely collected perinatal data (N=28 155). Results Longer gestation from 23 to 45 weeks was associated with lower risk of poor literacy and numeracy. Adjusted relative risks for being at or below national minimum standard ranged from 1.12 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.22) for ‘late preterm’ (32–36 weeks) for numeracy, to 1.84 (95% CI 1.48 to 2.30) for ‘early preterm’ (23–31 weeks) for writing. Within term, every additional week of gestational age was associated with small decreased risks of poor literacy and numeracy (eg, relative risks for poor numeracy 1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.20 for 37 weeks). Population-attributable fractions for poor achievement were highest among children born ‘early term’ (37–39 weeks) due to their higher population prevalence. Conclusions Shorter gestational age was associated with increased risk of poor literacy/numeracy. While children born ‘early term’ experience only between 1% and 10% increased risk, they constitute a larger proportion of children with poor educational achievement than preterm children, and thus are important to consider for supportive interventions to improve population-level achievement gains. The seemingly lower risk for post-term children showed large error estimates and warrants further consideration within even larger populations.
Racial differences in crossing major growth percentiles in infancy

Background/aims We examined associations of ever crossing upwards ≥2 (vs <2) major weight-for-length (WFL) percentiles in the first 24 months with obesity at 5 years among white and black children. Methods We included 10 979 white and 1245 black children from the Linked CENTURY Study with percentile crossing data in all four 6-month periods in the first 24 months and obesity (age-specific and sex-specific body mass index ≥95th percentile) at 5 years. We used adjusted logistic regression models and stratified by race. Results 64% of children crossed upwards ≥2 major WFL percentiles in the first 2 years. Among white children, 12% were obese vs 7% for <2 crossings, while among black children the frequencies were 23% vs 9%. Black children (adjusted OR 2.94, 2.04 to 4.23) who had ever crossed upwards ≥2 major WFL percentiles had a higher odds of obesity at age 5 than white children (adjusted OR 1.89, 1.64 to 2.18) (interaction p=0.02). Conclusions Our results suggest that rapid weight gain in infancy is more deleterious among black than white children for later obesity.
New Decentralized Positioning Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Recursive Least-Squares Optimization

This letter presents a recursive least-squares (RLS) optimization process to solve the positioning problem for wireless sensor networks, where a recursive-in-time cost function is first defined and then an iterative decentralized algorithm is derived. It is shown that the RLS scheme is equivalent to the incremental subgradient method with an appropriate variable step size for each iteration. With this, we further replace each gradient value by its "sign" to form a reduced-complexity RLS (RCRLS) scheme. Simulation results show that RCRLS has some performance degradation as compared to RLS, but both of them outperform previous related methods.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in preterm infants: association with neurodevelopmental outcomes

Objective To compare magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) metabolite ratios in preterm infants at term-equivalent age with those in term infants and to evaluate the association between MRS metabolites and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months corrected age in preterm infants. Design We studied infants born at a gestational age <37 weeks and weighing <1500 g during 2009–2013 using MRS at term-equivalent age. Infants with major brain abnormalities were excluded. The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) to creatine (Cre), NAA to choline-containing compounds (Cho) and Cho to Cre in the frontal white matter and thalamus were measured using multivoxel point-resolved proton spectroscopy sequence. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 18 months corrected age. Results Thirty-three preterm infants and 16 term infants were enrolled in this study. Preterm infants with normal development at 18 months showed significantly lower NAA/Cho ratios in the frontal white matter than term infants. There were no differences in the Cre/Cho ratios between preterm and term infants. At 18 months corrected age, 9 preterm infants with a mild developmental delay showed significantly lower NAA/Cho ratios in the thalamus than 24 preterm infants with normal development. Conclusions Preterm infants at term-equivalent age showed reduced MRS metabolites (NAA/Cho) compared with term infants. Decreased NAA/Cho ratios in the thalamus were associated with neurodevelopmental delay at 18 months corrected age in preterm infants.
Jaundice in newborn babies under 28 days: NICE guideline 2016 (CG98)

In May 2016, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published updated guidelines entitled ‘Jaundice in newborn babies under 28 days’ (box 1). 1 The guideline covers diagnosis and treatment of neonates with jaundice, aiming ‘to help detect and prevent very high levels of bilirubin’. New recommendations focus on measuring and monitoring bilirubin levels and the type of phototherapy. Here, we summarise the guideline, highlighting updates and relevance to clinical practice. Box 1 ### Resources www.nice. org.uk/guidance/CG98 Link to NICE guideline and threshold table www.nice. org.uk/guidance/cg98/resources Link to treatment threshold graphs www.nice. org.uk/Guidance/cg98/evidence Link to guideline committee's discussion and evidence reviews The original NICE guideline CG98, published in May 2010, was jointly developed with the National Collaborating Centre for Women and Children's Health (now part of the National Guideline Alliance) to encourage more uniform, evidence-based practice.