Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Características generales del Staphylococcus aureus

Desde su descubrimiento por el medico Alexander Ogston en 1880, Staphylococcus aureus es considerado un patogeno con gran potencial para causar multiples infecciones en el humano y en los animales. S. aureus es la especie tipo del grupo, considerada la mas virulenta, responsable de un amplio espectro de enfermedades, que van desde infecciones de la piel y tejidos blandos hasta infecciones graves que amenazan con la vida. El impacto de las cepas de S. aureus sobre la salud es la resistencia que puede presentar a multiples antibioticos, sobre todo a la meticilina. A traves de los anos se ha incrementado la tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad a pesar del gran numero de antibioticos disponibles que existen. S. aureus forma parte de la flora normal del humano, entre 25 y 50% de la poblacion sana esta colonizada por esta bacteria, constituyendo un riesgo por su diseminacion. Este puede ser adquirido a traves del contacto con otras personas o por exposicion al ambiente. En los ultimos anos han aumentado de forma notable las infecciones por este microorganismo, en especial por cepas de S. aureus resistentes a la meticilina. El Centro de Enfermedades Infecciosas estima que en EUA en el ano 2005 se desarrollaron 94,360 infecciones invasivas por S. aureus resistentes a la meticilina. Sin embargo, en los ultimos anos se ha observado un incremento progresivo de infecciones producidas por cepas de S. aureus resistentes a la meticilina, con una sensibilidad a los antibioticos diferente que afecta a la poblacion sana sin haber tenido contacto previo con los hospitales o clinicas de salud. Estas infecciones provocadas por S. aureus resistentes a la meticilina adquiridas en la comunidad pueden desarrollar diferentes enfermedades, siendo las mas comunes en la piel y tejidos blandos. Los estudios de epidemiologia molecular son de gran importancia ya que nos han permitido entender las relaciones evolutivas entre las cepas, asi como conocer el origen de las clonas durante los brotes epidemicos. AbstrAct
Physical adsorption of xenon in open single walled carbon nanotubes: Observation of a quasi-one-dimensional confined Xe phase

The adsorption of Xe into carbon single walled nanotubes with both closed and open ends has been investigated using temperature programmed desorption and other surface analytical tools. It has been found that opening the ends of the nanotube by chemical cutting increases both the kinetic rate and the saturation capacity of the nanotubes for Xe at 95 K. Further enhancement in Xe adsorption kinetics and capacity are achieved by treating the nanotubes in vacuum at 1073 K where CO, CO2, CH4, and H2 are evolved. On this basis it is postulated that surface functionalities such as −COOH block entry ports for adsorption at the nanotube ends and at the defect sites on the walls. The thermal destruction of these functionalities leads to enhanced adsorption. The denser phase of Xe inside the saturated nanotubes desorbs by zero-order kinetics (Ed=26.8±0.6 kJ/mol). It is postulated that a quasi-one-dimensional Xe confined phase in equilibrium, with a two-dimensional Xe gas phase on the exterior, provides a phase trans.
Rejection of B16 melanoma induced by expression of a transfected major histocompatibility complex class I gene

Transfection of a functional major histocompatibility complex class I gene into certain tumor cells, induced by oncogenic viruses or chemical carcinogens, can effectively abrogate their tumorigenic activity. Since experimentally induced tumors possess strong tumor-specific transplantation antigens, expression of cell surface class I antigens may present the tumor cells to appropriate immune effector cells. Most spontaneously arising tumors do not possess tumor-specific transplantation antigens, and their tumorigenicity may not be affected by the expression of a transfected class I gene. We demonstrate that the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 melanoma can be rendered nontumorigenic in syngeneic mice by the expression of the class I H-2K antigen but not the class II I-A antigen. Furthermore, the poorly tumorigenic, class I-expressing B16-BL6-transfected cells can effectively immunize syngeneic C57BL/6 mice against the highly tumorigenic, class I-deficient B16-BL6 parental cells. Our success in experimentally manipulating the tumorigenicity of a spontaneously derived neoplasm offers hope for a potential modality for the effective treatment of human cancer.
Evidence for Involvement of IL-9 and IL-22 in Cows’ Milk Allergy in Infants

Although allergic inflammation is characterized by a T helper (Th) 2-dominant immune response, the discovery of a role for new T cell subsets in inflammatory diseases has added an additional layer of complexity to the understanding of the pathogeneses of allergic diseases. We evaluated plasma cytokine profiles in infants with cows’ milk allergy (CMA), who were being treated with an elimination diet. In a prospective, randomized and controlled study, infants (aged 8.4 ± 3.9 months) with CMA were treated with an elimination diet for 120 days, which replaced cows’ milk with a hydrolysed soy protein formula (n = 26) or a free amino acid formula (n = 20). Blood samples were collected before treatment during active disease (T0) and after 120 days, when symptoms were absent (T1). Plasma cytokine concentrations were measured. Infants with CMA had higher plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 and lower concentrations of IL-9, IL-17A and interferon-γ, compared with healthy breast-fed infants. At T0, there was a positive correlation between blood eosinophil numbers and plasma concentrations of IL-4, IL-9, IL-17A and IL-22. Treatment with a cows’ milk elimination diet resulted in a decrease in plasma IL-4, IL-9, IL-13 and IL-22 and an increase in plasma IL-17A. We conclude that IL-4 and IL-13 are elevated in active CMA. The association of IL-9 and IL-22 with eosinophilia, and the decrease in these two cytokines with cows’ milk elimination, suggests that they both play a role in the symptoms observed in CMA and may be important targets for future interventions.
Using Health Beliefs Model as an Intervention to Non Compliance with Hypertension Information among Hypertensive Patient

This paper aim to present a theoretical framework that can be use to analyze noncompliance with hypertension information. The objective is to enable hypertension information programmer to design hypertension information program that will improve compliance level. To achieve this aim the paper discusses Health Ontology and Health Epistemology, Non compliance with hypertension information. Health Belief Model was use as a theoretical frame work for this paper. The paper also examining the constructs of health belief model to show how this model can be applied to knowledge, health belief and compliance in patients with hypertension.
Long-term effects of dietary glycemic index on adiposity , energy metabolism 1 and physical activity in mice 2 3

1 Long-term effects of dietary glycemic index on adiposity, energy metabolism 1 and physical activity in mice 2 3 Kelly B. Scribner, Dorota B. Pawlak, Cristin M. Aubin, Joseph A. Majzoub, 4 David S. Ludwig 5 6 7 Children’s Hospital Boston 8 Department of Medicine 9 333 Longwood Avenue 10 Boston, MA 02115 11 12 1 Present address: ALPCO Diagnostics, Salem, NH 13 To whom correspondence should be directed: david.ludwig@childrens.harvard. edu 14 Tel: 617-355-4878 15 Fax: 617-730-0183 16 17 Manuscript length: 2902 words; 1 table; 5 figures 18 Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab (September 9, 2008). doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90487. 2008
Positive Interactions among Foraging Seabirds, Marine Mammals and Fishes and Implications for Their Conservation

There is increasing recognition of the importance of “positive interactions” among species in structuring communities. For seabirds, an important kind of positive interaction is the use of birds of the same species, birds of other species, and other marine predators such as cetaceans, seals and fishes as cues to the presence of prey. The process by which a single bird uses, say, a feeding flock of birds as a cue to the presence of prey is called “local enhancement” or “facilitation”. There are subtly different uses of each of these terms, but the issue we address here is the ubiquity of positive interactions between seabirds and other marine predators when foraging at sea, and whether as a result of their associations the feeding success, and therefore presumably the fitness, of individual seabirds is increased. If this contention is true, then it implies that conservation of any one species of seabird must take into consideration the status and possible conservation of those species that the focal species uses as a cue while foraging. For example, conservation of great shearwaters (Ardenna gravis), which often feed over tuna (e.g. Thunnus) schools, should take in to consideration conservation of tuna. Ecosystem management depends on understanding the importance of such processes; the loss of biodiversity, and the consequent threat to foraging success, may be a substantial threat to the stability of marine ecosystems.
Impact of Temperature on Test Quality

The usage of more advanced, less mature processes during manufacturing of semiconductor devices has increased the need for performing unconventional types of testing, like temperature-testing, in order to maintain the same high quality levels. However, performing temperature-testing is costly. This paper proposes a viable low-cost alternative to temperature testing that quantifies the impact of temperature variations on the test quality and also determines optimal test conditions. The test flow proposed is empirically validated on an industrial-standard die. The results obtained show that majority of the defects that were originally detected by temperature-testing are also detected by the proposed test flow, thereby reducing the dependence on temperature testing to achieve zero-defect quality. Details of an interesting defect behavior at cold test conditions is also presented.
A Randomized Approach to Bound Jayanti's Mutual Exclusion Algorithm

Jayanti's algorithm is one of the best known abortable mutual exclusion algorithms. A randomized approach has been used to overcome an already known limitation of the algorithm while preserving its all important properties and elegance. The limitation is that the token number used to assign process identification number to new incoming processes is unbounded. We have used some suitably adapted alternative data structure, in order to completely eliminate the use of token number, in the algorithm.
Adapting to the user's internet search strategy on small devices

World Wide Web search engines typically return thousands of results to the users. To avoid users browsing through the whole list of results, search engines use ranking algorithms to order the list according to predefined criteria. In this paper, we present Toogle, a front-end to the Google search engine for mobile phones offering web browsing. For a given search query, Toogle first ranks results using Googles algorithm and, as the user browses through the result list, uses machine learning techniques to infer a model of her search goal and to adapt accordingly the order in which yet-unseen results are presented. We report preliminary experimental results that show the effectiveness of this approach
Performance Analysis of AODV, DSR and OLSR Routing Protocols in WSN

Real implementation of routing protocol of WSNs is a time consuming process and expensive due to simulation evaluation. This paper presents an organized performance study of three routing protocols, Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocols for WSNs. The performance study of WSNs routing protocols is analysed by equating important metrics like end-to-end delay, throughput, total packets dropped, in the network under the similar random waypoint mobility model. Result shows that both AODV and DSR protocols have better performance than OLSR routing protocol.
Muscle coenzyme Q10 level in statin-related myopathy.

BACKGROUND Statin drugs (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) reduce the level of cholesterol by inhibiting the synthesis of mevalonate, an intermediary in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Use of statin drugs has been associated with a variety of skeletal muscle-related complaints. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is also synthesized from mevalonate, and decreased muscle CoQ10 concentration may have a role in the pathogenesis of statin drug-related myopathy. OBJECTIVES To measure the CoQ10 concentration and respiratory chain enzyme activities in muscle biopsy specimens from 18 patients with statin drug-related myopathy and to look for evidence of apoptosis using the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling) assay. DESIGN An open-labeled study of CoQ10 concentration in muscle from patients with increased serum creatine kinase concentrations while receiving standard statin drug therapy. SETTING Neuromuscular centers at 2 academic tertiary care hospitals. RESULTS Muscle structure was essentially normal in 14 patients and showed evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and nonspecific myopathic changes in 2 patients each. Muscle CoQ10 concentration was not statistically different between patients and control subjects, but it was more than 2 SDs below the normal mean in 3 patients and more than 1 SD below normal in 7 patients. There was no TUNEL positivity in any patients. CONCLUSION These data suggest that statin drug-related myopathy is associated with a mild decrease in muscle CoQ10 concentration, which does not cause histochemical or biochemical evidence of mitochondrial myopathy or morphologic evidence of apoptosis in most patients.
Genetic Predisposition to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Postpartum Weight Reduction, and Glycemic Changes: A Longitudinal Study in Women With Prior Gestational Diabetes.

CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in reproductive-aged women and a major female-specific risk factor of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes. OBJECTIVE We examined whether the genetic variation predisposing to PCOS affected glycemic changes in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and whether such an effect was modified by changes in body adiposity, especially during and after pregnancy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This is a longitudinal study in Tianjin, China. We genotyped 7 genome-wide association study-identified PCOS single nucleotide polymorphisms and assessed gestational weight gain and changes in glycemic traits and weight at 1 to 5 years postpartum in 1133 women with prior GDM. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measure was postpartum glycemic changes. RESULTS The PCOS genetic risk score significantly interacted with postpartum weight reduction on changes in fasting glucose and 2-h glucose (P for interaction = .032 and .007; respectively) after multivariable adjustment. In women with postpartum weight reduction of ≥ 5 kg/y, the genetic risk score was associated with decreased fasting and 2-h glucose, whereas an opposite genetic effect was found in women who lost less weight. The association between postpartum weight reduction and glycemic improvement was more significant among women with a higher genetic risk score. CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of Chinese women with a history of GDM, our data for the first time indicate that the genetic predisposition to PCOS may interact with postpartum weight reduction on long-term glycemic changes, emphasizing the importance of postpartum weight management in prevention of diabetes in this subgroup of women.
Determinantes del comportamiento de la tasa de cambio nominal peso colombiano-dólar

Resumen En este trabajo se presenta una investigacion acerca de los determinantes que afectan el tipo de cambio nominal peso colombiano dolar. Para el analisis de los determinantes se realizo un estudio historico del comportamiento de la divisa, la caracterizacion del mercado para entender su funcionamiento, los actores que participan y el producto que se transa. Se plantea una variable proxy de concentracion por la posible existencia de problemas de agencia, se mide la elasticidad de la tasa de cambio respecto a variables macroeconomicas y de microestructura y se comparan con los hallazgos encontrados en una encuesta a los agentes del mercado. Ademas se establece una comparacion de los modelos y las variables consideradas por los agentes del mercado, con los datos historicos, para evaluar la significancia y relacion de los determinantes seleccionados y el tipo de cambio; se analizan los hallazgos de las encuestas realizadas a los experto, y finalmente, se dan recomendaciones sobre cuales variables se deben tener en cuenta, como afectan estas el comportamiento futuro de la divisa.
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: risk factors and incidence estimation.

PURPOSE To retrospectively review data in 13 patients with biopsy-confirmed nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), assess the associated risk factors, and report the incidence of NSF at the authors' institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS This HIPAA-compliant study had institutional review board approval; informed consent was waived. Statistical analysis was performed for all available clinical and laboratory data in patients with biopsy-confirmed NSF. The data from the patients with NSF were compared with data from a control population of patients with renal insufficiency but who did not develop NSF. RESULTS There were eight male and five female patients, aged 17-69 years, with a diagnosis of NSF. Within 6 months of diagnosis, all 13 patients had been exposed to gadodiamide and one had been exposed to gadobenate dimeglumine in addition to gadodiamide. At the time of contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, all 13 patients had renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and were hospitalized for a proinflammatory event (major surgery, infection, or vascular event). The group with NSF had significantly decreased eGFR (P = .01), more proinflammatory events (P < .001), and more contrast-enhanced MR examinations per patient (P = .002) than did the control group. CONCLUSION A combination of factors, including altered kidney function, inflammatory burden, and exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents may all play a role in development of NSF. Alternative imaging should be considered in patients with these factors. If use of a gadolinium-based agent is clinically indicated, the referring physician and patient should be informed of the potential risk of developing NSF.
Longitudinal epigenetic drift in mice perinatally exposed to lead

An understanding of the natural change in DNA methylation over time, defined as “epigenetic drift,” will inform the study of environmental effects on the epigenome. This study investigates epigenetic drift in isogenic mice exposed perinatally to lead (Pb) acetate at four concentrations, 0 ppm (control), 2.1 ppm (low), 16 ppm (medium), and 32 ppm (high) prior to conception through weaning, then followed until 10 months of age. Absolute values of DNA methylation in a transposon-associated metastable locus, Cdk5-activator binding protein (CabpIAP), and three imprinted loci (Igf2, Igf2r, and H19) were obtained from tail tissue in paired samples. DNA methylation levels in the controls increased over time at the imprinted Igf2 and Igf2r loci (both P = 0.0001), but not at the imprinted H19 locus or the CabpIAP metastable epiallele. Pb exposure was associated with accelerated DNA hypermethylation in CabpIAP (P = 0.0209) and moderated hypermethylation in Igf2r (P = 0.0447), and with marginally accelerated hypermethylation at H19 (P = 0.0847). In summary, the presence and magnitude of epigenetic drift was locus-dependent, and enhancement of drift was mediated by perinatal Pb exposure, in some, but not all, loci.
Endometrial cancer: correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient with tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion, and presence of lymph node metastases.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to investigate whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of endometrial cancer differ from those of normal endometrium and myometrium and whether they vary according to histologic tumor grade, the depth of myometrial invasion, or lymph node status. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Seventy patients with histologically proved endometrial cancer and 36 control subjects with normal endometrium were enrolled in this prospective study. T2-weighted, dynamic T1-weighted, and diffusion-weighted images with b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm(2) were obtained of all patients. The ADC values of endometrial cancer, normal endometrium, and normal myometrium were recorded. Tumor grade, the depth of myometrial invasion, and lymph node status were assessed at postoperative histopathologic analysis. RESULTS The mean (± SD) ADC value (10(-3) mm(2)/s) of endometrial cancer (0.77 ± 0.12) was significantly lower than that of normal endometrium (1.31 ± 0.11, p < 0.0001) and normal myometrium (1.52 ± 0.21, p < 0.0001), with no overlap between the two former distributions. There was no significant difference between ADC values of endometrial cancer tissue in patients with tumor grade 1 (0.79 ± 0.08, n = 14), grade 2 (0.76 ± 0.14, n = 40), or grade 3 (0.75 ± 0.12, n = 16) (p = 0.67); in patients with deep (0.77 ± 0.13, n = 18) and those with superficial (0.76 ± 0.12, n = 52) myometrial invasion (p = 0.87); and in patients with (0.78 ± 0.10, n = 6) and those without (0.75 ± 0.14, n = 39) lymph node metastases (p = 0.64). CONCLUSION ADC values allow normal endometrium to be differentiated from endometrial carcinoma; however, they do not correlate with histologic tumor grade, the depth of myometrial invasion, or whether lymph node metastases are present.
DVD d'enseignement des gestes écho-assistés de l'appareil locomoteur

L'echographie est devenue depuis environ une decennie un outil precieux pour le rhumatologue tant au niveau diagnostique qu'interventionnel. De nombreux documents de qualite existent pour le versant diagnostique. En revanche, sur le versant interventionnel peu d'outils notamment multimedia sont disponibles. Ce travail, realise sous l'egide de la Section Imagerie et Rhumatologie Interventionnelle de la SFR (SIRIS) a pour objectif d'accompagner le rhumatologue se formant a ces procedures. Une analyse systematique de la litterature a ete realisee afin de recenser toutes les techniques et voies d'abord utilisees. Un scenario a ete ecrit dans le but de developper l'historique, les regles d'asepsie, les aspects medico-legaux, les produits utilises, les gestes et medicaments agissant sur l'hemostase, les principales complications, les principes de bases des ultrasons, les principes de realisation des gestes echo-assistes, des notions concernant la classification commune des actes medicaux pour en venir ensuite a la description des structures articulaires et peri-articulaires du membre superieur, du membre inferieur, du rachis, des sacro-iliaques et des hematomes intramusculaires. Pour chaque articulation, nous avons detaille l'installation du patient, la position de la sonde pour obtenir une coupe anatomique de reference et l'abord utilise avec l'aiguille. Il est precise les specificites anatomiques de chaque articulation, afin notamment d'eviter toute complication lors d'un geste. Ce travail a pour but de mettre a disposition des rhumatologues pratiquant l'echographie diagnostique et voulant se perfectionner aux techniques interventionnelles.
CDK5 regulates cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion in human keratinocytes

Background CDK5 is a member of proline‐directed serine/threonin kinases. Although its cDNA was originally cloned as a homologue to those for the other members of the cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) family, CDK5 has been shown to function differently from other CDKs. CDK5 is activated by non‐cyclin partners, p35 and p39, and important during brain development by influencing adhesion, migration and differentiation of neurones.