Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The gibbon's Achilles tendon revisited: consequences for the evolution of the great apes?

The well-developed Achilles tendon in humans is generally interpreted as an adaptation for mechanical energy storage and reuse during cyclic locomotion. All other extant great apes have a short tendon and long-fibred triceps surae, which is thought to be beneficial for locomotion in a complex arboreal habitat as this morphology enables a large range of motion. Surprisingly, highly arboreal gibbons show a more human-like triceps surae with a long Achilles tendon. Evidence for a spring-like function similar to humans is not conclusive. We revisit and integrate our anatomical and biomechanical data to calculate the energy that can be recovered from the recoiling Achilles tendon during ankle plantar flexion in bipedal gibbons. Only 7.5% of the required external positive work in a stride can come from tendon recoil, yet it is delivered at an instant when the whole-body energy level drops. Consequently, an additional similar amount of mechanical energy must simultaneously dissipate elsewhere in the system. Altogether, this challenges the concept of an energy-saving function in the gibbon's Achilles tendon. Cercopithecids, sister group of the apes, also have a human-like triceps surae. Therefore, a well-developed Achilles tendon, present in the last common ‘Cercopithecoidea–Hominoidea’ ancestor, seems plausible. If so, the gibbon's anatomy represents an evolutionary relict (no harm–no benefit), and the large Achilles tendon is not the premised key adaptation in humans (although the spring-like function may have further improved during evolution). Moreover, the triceps surae anatomy of extant non-human great apes must be a convergence, related to muscle control and range of motion. This perspective accords with the suggestions put forward in the literature that the last common hominoid ancestor was not necessarily great ape-like, but might have been more similar to the small-bodied catarrhines.
Profit Maximization Mechanism and Data Management for Data Analytics Services

With the advancement and emergence of new network services, such as social network, Internet of Things, and crowdsensing, large volume of diverse data is collected, shared, and leveraged to develop analytics services. The data analytics service has become a key commodity that can be traded among various economic entities. In this paper, we address the optimal pricing mechanisms and data management for data analytics services and further discuss the perishable services in the time varying environment. We first propose a data market model and define the data utility based on the impact of data size on the performance of data analytics, e.g., prediction and verification accuracy. For perishable services, we study the perishability of data that affects the service quality and provide a quality decay function. The data analytics services are considered as digital goods and uniquely characterized by “unlimited supply” compared to conventional goods. Therefore, we apply the Bayesian profit maximization mechanism in selling data analytics services, which is truthful, rational, and computationally efficient. The optimal service price, data amount, and service update interval are obtained to maximize the profit under different customer’s valuation distributions. Finally, experimental results on real-world datasets show that our data market model and pricing mechanism effectively solve the profit maximization problem and provide useful strategies for the data analytics service provider.
Indoor localization distance error analysis with UWB wireless propagation model using positioning method

The positioning system model in an indoor environment has been very importance in applications technology. The recent localization applications technology place important on the positioning system model for an indoor environment. The study shall be focus on the error due to the distance. However, to evaluate the distance error we consider used the UWBW propagation channel for indoor position because its different wireless technologies. In an indoor environment, this system requires the accuracy as high as possible. In this research study, the comparing of the positioning with received signal strength indication and time of arrival (TOA) positioning methods are presented. This study based on the purposed propagation model for ultra-wideband wireless (UWBW) is used to investigate the localization for indoor environment. To measure at the operate frequency from 3 GHz to 11 GHz, the vector network analyzer was used. The broadband antennas were used as both transmitter antenna (Tx) and receiver antenna (Rx). The distance error in this study is represent the precision and accuracy. The distance error with cumulative distribution function (CDF) of each are shown. From the result the positioning method for the indoor environment, the TOA method has more accuracy than the RSSI method.
Use of Acupuncture in an Infant with Restlessness and Agitation

Abstract: Background: We are reporting here about a 3-month-old boy with a history of failure to thrive, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and neurological misbehaviour including hypotension in body muscles, who was found to have screaming attacks, agitation and restlessness. Methods/Results: Body and ear acupuncture was used both as supporting and integrative therapy to reduce the phases of restlessness and screaming and, simultaneously, the use of hypnotic drugs, as well as to improve the baby’s thriving. Conclusions: Our case has proved that standardised ear and body acupuncture applied by trained acupuncturist paediatricians is a helpful non-pharmacological treatment tool. While acupuncture is typically used in the outpatient setting, it can equally be used in the inpatient setting, as exemplified by the positive outcome of the presented case.
Direct molecular dissection of tumor parenchyma from tumor stroma in tumor xenograft using mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics

The most widely used cancer animal model is the human-murine tumor xenograft. Unbiased molecular dissection of tumor parenchyma versus stroma in human-murine xenografts is critical for elucidating dysregulated protein networks/pathways and developing therapeutics that may target these two functionally codependent compartments. Although antibody-reliant technologies (e.g., immunohistochemistry, imaging mass cytometry) are capable of distinguishing tumor-proper versus stromal proteins, the breadth or extent of targets is limited. Here, we report an antibody-free targeted cross-species glycoproteomic (TCSG) approach that enables direct dissection of human tumor parenchyma from murine tumor stroma at the molecular/protein level in tumor xenografts at a selectivity rate presently unattainable by other means. This approach was used to segment/dissect and obtain the protein complement phenotype of the tumor stroma and parenchyma of the metastatic human lung adenocarcinoma A549 xenograft, with no need for tissue microdissection prior to mass-spectrometry analysis. An extensive molecular map of the tumor proper and the associated microenvironment was generated along with the top functional N-glycosylated protein networks enriched in each compartment. Importantly, immunohistochemistry-based cross-validation of selected parenchymal and stromal targets applied on human tissue samples of lung adenocarcinoma and normal adjacent tissue is indicative of a noteworthy translational capacity for this unique approach that may facilitate identifications of novel targets for next generation antibody therapies and development of real time preclinical tumor models.
Online orchestration of cooperative defense against DDoS attacks for 5G MEC

5G mobile edge computing (MEC), which pushes mobile services to the edge, has been recognized as an effective solution to enhance mobile users' quality of service, as well as to tackle the backhaul bottleneck. Although its architecture and service related techniques have drawn sufficient attentions, solutions to the security defense are still open. Therefore, we are motivated to propose a cooperative defense (CODE) framework against DDoS attacks for MEC by leveraging network function virtualization and software-defined networking architectures; in the framework, MEC nodes owning spare defense resource are orchestrated to help MEC nodes whose incoming traffic overwhelms their self-defense capability. To explore the elasticity space of CODE among multiple MEC nodes and develop an online resource management method of such CODE, we formulate the multi-requester multi-provider resource management problem for CODE, jointly considering the defense resource usage efficiency and the fairness of CODE participants. To balance complexity and performance for the formulated problem, we are motivated by online combinatorial auctions, and propose an online algorithm that has a provable performance guarantee. Finally, extending the MEC simulation platform that is used in our previous work, we validate the effectiveness in terms of resilient defense capability, fairness and computation efficiency.
The Conventional Nature of Non-MHC-Restricted T Cells

The definition “unconventional T cells” identifies T lymphocytes that recognize non-peptide antigens presented by monomorphic antigen-presenting molecules. Two cell populations recognize lipid antigens and small metabolites presented by CD1 and MR1 molecules, respectively. A third cell population expressing the TCR Vγ9Vδ2 is stimulated by small phosphorylated metabolites. In the recent past, we have learnt a lot about the selection, tissue distribution, gene transcription programs, mode of expansion after antigen recognition, and persistence of these cells. These studies depict their functions in immune homeostasis and diseases. Current investigations are revealing that unconventional T cells include distinct sub-populations, which display unexpected similarities to classical MHC-restricted T cells in terms of TCR repertoire diversity, antigen specificity variety, functional heterogeneity, and naïve-to-memory differentiation dynamic. This review discusses the latest findings with a particular emphasis on these T cells, which appear to be more conventional than previously appreciated, and with the perspective of using CD1 and MR1-restricted T cells in vaccination and immunotherapy.
Security and Privacy in Smart Health: Efficient Policy-Hiding Attribute-Based Access Control

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and cloud computing technologies, smart health (s-health) is expected to significantly improve the quality of health care. However, data security and user privacy concerns in s-health have not been adequately addressed. As a well-received solution to realize fine-grained access control, ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) has the potential to ensure data security in s-health. Nevertheless, direct adoption of the traditional CP-ABE in s-health suffers two flaws. For one thing, access policies are in cleartext form and reveal sensitive health-related information in the encrypted s-health records (SHRs). For another, it usually supports small attribute universe, which places an undesirable limitation on practical deployments of CP-ABE because the size of its public parameters grows linearly with the size of the universe. To address these problems, we introduce PASH, a privacy-aware s-health access control system, in which the key ingredient is a large universe CP-ABE with access policies partially hidden. In PASH, attribute values of access policies are hidden in encrypted SHRs and only attribute names are revealed. In fact, attribute values carry much more sensitive information than generic attribute names. Particularly, PASH realizes an efficient SHR decryption test which needs a small number of bilinear pairings. The attribute universe can be exponentially large and the size of public parameters is small and constant. Our security analysis indicates that PASH is fully secure in the standard model. Performance comparisons and experimental results show that PASH is more efficient and expressive than previous schemes.
A mouse over a hotspot survey: An exploration of perceptions of electricity consumption and patterns of indecision

In order to promote a more effective understanding of electricity consumption in households, and leverage the potential of current and future energy conservation initiatives, we have developed an online survey in which visual icons of various electrical devices coupled with a Likert scale are used to investigate people's perception of the amount of electricity consumed by a variety of individual domestic appliances. In this paper we present initial results from a pilot study conducted with 293 participants from over 50 countries and outline our plans for future work. Our initial results suggest that despite a considerable number of respondents was able to give the correct answers, many others seem to lack an understanding of appliance electricity consumption, and thus further work should be carried in this direction.
Modeling and simulation of solid state power amplifier for mobile communication

Power amplifier exhibit nonlinearity behavior at microwave frequencies. The effect of nonlinearity appears in the form of adjacent channel interference, gain compression, harmonic distortion, phase distortion, inter-modulation distortion, etc. In this paper, mathematical modeling and simulation with AWR software have carried out on solid state class B power amplifier for feedback, feed forward and digital predistortion techniques. From the result obtained, it is evident that the performance of digital predistortion technique is better in terms of efficiency compared to other techniques as there is no degradation in amplitude with 20 dB reduction in ACPR and 3dB bandwidth of 10 MHz.
A low power intelligent helmet system

A low power intelligent helmet system is reported in this paper which ensures the safety of a two-wheeler rider. The primary concept behind the working of the system is that the ignition of a two-wheeler will be enabled only if the rider is wearing a helmet and not consuming alcohol. An alcohol sensor and helmet wearing sensitive switches are installed inside a helmet, which is connected wirelessly to the motorbike. The helmet is powered by a lithium ion battery which in turn is charged manually or by a solar panel, integrated outside the helmet. A fully functioning prototype of the reported switch based helmet system has been fabricated and all the necessary circuits are embedded inside the helmet and the motor bike. The proposed system has the unique characteristic of transmitting the appropriate condition of the signals for a predefined duration, followed by holding of these signals for the rest of the time at the receiving end for the proper functioning of the motorbike. Also, the alcohol detection circuit is automatically shut “OFF” after a predefined time. These features of the system results in around 15 times lesser power consumption.
Tribbles homolog 1 deficiency modulates function and polarization of murine bone marrow–derived macrophages

Macrophages are essential for innate immunity and inflammatory responses and differentiate into various functional phenotypes. Tribbles homolog 1 (Trib1), a member of the mammalian Tribbles homolog pseudokinase family, has been implicated in regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism, but its role in macrophage biology has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the consequences of Trib1 deficiency on macrophage functions and M1/M2 polarization. Bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) from Trib1-deficient (Trib1−/−) mice exhibited elevated phagocytic capacity, correlating with up-regulation of several scavenger receptors. Concomitantly, uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein was increased in Trib1−/− BMDMs. Trib1−/− macrophages also exhibited diminished migration in the presence of the chemokine MCP-1, associated with reduced expression of the MCP-1 receptor Ccr2. Furthermore, Trib1 deficiency attenuated the response of BMDMs to both M1 and M2 stimuli; induction of the M1-marker genes Il6, Il1b, and Nos2 upon LPS/IFNγ stimulation and of the M2-marker genes Cd206, Fizz1, and Arg1 upon IL-4 stimulation was reduced. Functionally, Trib1 deficiency decreased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, and CXCL1) and reduced nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production in M1-polarized macrophages. Supporting the attenuated M2 phenotype, IL-4–stimulated Trib1−/− macrophages secreted less IL-10 and TGFβ. Mechanistically, Trib1−/− BMDMs displayed lower levels of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), resulting in reduced activation of LPS/IFNγ-mediated STAT1 signaling. Likewise, decreased levels of JAK1 along with lower activation of STAT6 and STAT3 were observed in M2-polarized Trib1−/− BMDMs. Our findings suggest that Trib1 extensively controls macrophage M1/M2 polarization via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
A parallel iterative approach for efficient full chip thermal analysis

Efficient full-chip thermal simulation is among the most challenging problems facing the EDA industry today, especially for modern 3D integrated circuits, due to the huge linear systems resulting from thermal modeling approaches that require unreasonably long computational times. Direct linear solvers are not capable of handling such huge problems and iterative methods are the only feasible approach. In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient iterative method with a parallel preconditioned technique that exploits the resources of massively parallel architectures such as Graphic Processor Units (GPUs). Experimental results, demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a speedup of 2.2X in CPU execution and a 26.93X speedup in GPU execution over the state of the art iterative method.
Design and performance analysis of ZVS interleaved boost converter in standalone PV system

This paper predominantly emphasizes on the resonant soft-switching topology which is advantageous in terms of switching losses as compared to hard-switching. A zero voltage switching (ZVS) interleaved DC-DC converter is implemented, acting as main interface between the photovoltaic (PV) panel and load. Acquiring maximum efficiency of the PV panel, a progressive methodology is implemented. Initial approach is done by introducing variable step incremental conductance (VSIC) maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) to the interleaved boost converter rather than conventional boost converter. Further to reduce the switching losses, interleaved boost converter is modeled for zero voltage switching that accomplishes switching during both turn-on and turn-off transitions of the switch employed in the converter. The feasibility and reliability of the entire system is verified by obtaining the results from the simulation model designed in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Standalone solar PV array fed SMC based PMSM driven water pumping system

A sliding mode control (SMC) based vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive used in solar water pumping system is presented in this paper. The SMC gives good performance for motor-drive system under system parameter variations, load disturbances and sudden change in reference speed. The solar PV array is operated at maximum power point through a boost converter. The DC bus voltage of the system is held constant through the DC link voltage proportional-integral (PI) controller. The output of DC link voltage PI controller and the PV array feed forward term are used to generate reference speed command. The speed of PMSM is controlled through vector control. Switching signals for voltage source inverter (VSI) are generated using the hysteresis current controller. The proposed system is designed, modeled and simulated on MATLAB/Simulink platform. The starting, steady-state and dynamic performances of the system are examined for variable environmental conditions. A prototype of the system is also developed in the laboratory.
Identifying SCADA Systems and Their Vulnerabilities on the Internet of Things: A Text-Mining Approach

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems allow operators to control critical infrastructure. Vendors are increasingly integrating Internet technology into these devices, making them more susceptible to cyberattacks. Identifying and assessing vulnerabilities of SCADA devices using Shodan, a search engine that contains records about publicly available Internet-connected devices, can help mitigate cyberattacks. The authors present a principled approach to systematically identify all SCADA devices on Shodan and then assess the vulnerabilities of the devices with a state-of-the-art tool.
A key-management-based taxonomy for ransomware

Ransomware encrypts user files making management of the encryption key(s) critical to its success. Developing a better understanding of key management in ransomware is a necessary prerequisite to finding weaknesses that can be exploited for defensive purposes. We describe the evolution of key management as ransomware has matured and examine key management in 25 samples. Based on that analysis, we introduce a ransomware taxonomy that is analogous to hurricane ratings: a Category 5 ransomware is more virulent from a cryptographic standpoint than a Category 3. In our analysis of samples in light of the taxonomy, we observed that poor cryptographic models appear as recently as 2018.
Drinking patterns vary by gender, age and country‐level income: Cross‐country analysis of the International Alcohol Control Study

Abstract Introduction and Aims Gender and age patterns of drinking are important in guiding country responses to harmful use of alcohol. This study undertook cross‐country analysis of drinking across gender, age groups in some high‐and middle‐income countries. Design and Methods Surveys of drinkers were conducted in Australia, England, Scotland, New Zealand, St Kitts and Nevis (high‐income), Thailand, South Africa, Mongolia and Vietnam (middle‐income) as part of the International Alcohol Control Study. Drinking pattern measures were high‐frequency, heavier‐typical quantity and higher‐risk drinking. Differences in the drinking patterns across age and gender groups were calculated. Logistic regression models were applied including a measure of country‐level income. Results Percentages of high‐frequency, heavier‐typical quantity and higher‐risk drinking were greater among men than in women in all countries. Older age was associated with drinking more frequently but smaller typical quantities especially in high‐income countries. Middle‐income countries overall showed less frequent but heavier typical quantities; however, the lower frequencies meant the percentages of higher risk drinkers were lower overall compared with high‐income countries (with the exception of South Africa). Discussion and Conclusions High‐frequency drinking was greater in high‐income countries, particularly in older age groups. Middle‐income countries overall showed less frequent drinking but heavier typical quantities. As alcohol use becomes more normalised as a result of the expansion of commercial alcohol it is likely frequency of drinking will increase with a likelihood of greater numbers drinking at higher risk levels.