Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disaster, planning and development; managing natural hazards to reduce loss

Documento dirigido a politicos, bancos internacionales de desarrollo y agencias de cooperacion tecnica. En la primera parte contiene principios generales para el manejo integral de riesgos naturales dentro de la planificacion y formulacion del proyecto. La segunda parte proporciona pautas para aplicar las metodologias de manejo de riesgos, intentando proporcionar a quienes toman decisiones suficiente orientacion para discutir el tema con un equipo tecnico, llegar a conclusiones, y evaluar el trabajo realizado
Multiple Intelligence Theory Can Help Promote Inclusive Education for Children with Intellectual Disabilities and Developmental Disorders: Historical Reviews of Intelligence Theory, Measurement Methods, and Suggestions for Inclusive Education

Inclusive education, based on the principle that all children (including those with disabilities) should receive similar education, has been recently adopted in primary and secondary schools throughout several countries. Within an inclusive education context, teachers are faced with the challenge of developing their knowledge and skills necessary to properly assess the intellectual abilities of a wide range of children. Although intelligence has been examined for over 100 years, researchers are still debating what abilities should or should not be classified as belonging to the domain of intelligence. In order to effectively apply intelligence theory and assessment methods for inclusive education, we compared traditional intelligence theory (Spearman’s two-factor model) with a more recent intelligence theory (Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory). Spearman’s theory focuses on elementary perceptual processes by using the single g factor, whereas Gardner’s theory recognizes several types of intelligence. On the basis of these reviews, we propose the utility of multiple intelligence theory for inclusive education, considering the various profiles of intelligence shown by children with intellectual disabilities and developmental disorders.
Phase separation of asymmetric binary hard-sphere fluids.

On the basis of thermodynamically self-consistent integral equations for the pair structure it is shown that dense binary mixtures of hard spheres, of diameters ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{1}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{2}$, phase separate when the size ratio ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{1}$/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{2}$ is less than 0.2, and the partial packing fractions of the two species are comparable.
Total Elbow Arthroplasty: A Prospective Clinical Outcome Study of Discovery Elbow

3 Background: Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is increasingly used for the treatment of 4 advanced elbow conditions to reduce pain and improve function. However, TEA is still 5 associated with a higher complication rate compared to the total hip and knee arthroplasty 6 despite advances in the design and surgical techniques. This prospective clinical study reports 7 the outcome of the Discovery Elbow System (Biomet Inc., Warsaw IN, USA) system which 8 has been in clinical use in the UK since 2003. 9 10 Methods: The study included a total of 100 Discovery elbows (April 2003 to January 2010) 11 with a minimum 2-year follow-up including 75 primary and 25 revisions (60 % females and 12 40% males; mean age, 62 years). Outcome was assessed by means of Liverpool Elbow Score, 13 pain experience, patient satisfaction, range of movement, and radiographic imaging. 14 15 Results: Mean follow-up was 48.5 months (range: 24-108 months). Liverpool Elbow Score 16 improved from 3.79 to 6.36 (P<.001). Pain-free patients were substantially increased form 17 7% preoperatively to 64% at the final follow-up. Patient satisfaction rate was over 90%. The 18 arc of flexion-extension and pronation-supination increased from 72o to 93o and from 86o to 19 111o, respectively (P<.001). Major post-operative complications included deep infection 20 (2%), progressive aseptic loosening requiring revision (primary, 5%; revision 12%), 21 persistent ulnar neuropathy (3%), and periprosthetic fracture (primary, 6.8%; revision, 8%). 22 23 Conclusion: Discovery elbow resulted in improved function, reduced pain, and high patient 24 satisfaction. Long-term results are required for assessing the survivorship of this system. 25 26
The Astrocyte Inhibition of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Is Reversed by Schwann Cells

Schwann cell transplantation into the lesioned or demyelinated central nervous system (CNS) is being extensively explored as an approach to favorably influencing repair in the CNS. Under a variety of circumstances, however, the CNS glial microenvironment appears to offer an unfavorable terrain for the promotion of neurite elongation and for Schwann cell differentiation. Due to the heterogeneity of the cellular contents at injury sites, the specific role of each cell type present in limiting Schwann cell function is unclear. The damaged peripheral nervous system, a system capable of substantial regeneration (and free of the potentially negative influence of oligodendrocytes), represents a valuable model in which to specifically evaluate the influence of astrocytes on Schwann cell function. In the present study, purified cortical astrocyte populations were seeded into semipermeable guidance channels alone or in combination with adult Schwann cell populations to determine their effects on regeneration across an 8-mm gap in the transected sciatic nerve of the adult rat. Channels were prepared with (or without) a defined cellular content, implanted in inbred Lewis rats and evaluated after 3 weeks. Channels seeded with astrocytes alone impeded regeneration, regardless of the maturity of the astrocytes (7-8 days vs 28 days in culture) and their seeding density (40 vs 80 x 10(6) cells/ml). On the other hand, Schwann cells derived from adult sciatic nerve seeded at similar densities enhanced the regenerative process. Regenerative capacity was diminished when astrocytes were combined with Schwann cells; the rate of regeneration increased as the number of Schwann cells in the astrocyte/Schwann cell mixture increased. Immunostaining of the nerve stumps related to astrocyte-seeded channels and of the regenerated tissue in the astrocyte-Schwann cell-seeded channels indicated that astrocytes had migrated into the proximal nerve stump; only a few astrocytes remained within the regenerated cable. The present experiments show that although astrocytes alone inhibit nerve regeneration, Schwann cells are able to partially overcome this inhibition if they are provided in sufficient numbers. We believe these observations will be valuable in considering clinical strategies to use autologous Schwann cell transplantation to influence CNS regeneration.
MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and idiopathic male infertility.

BACKGROUND DNA methylation is an important epigenetic feature of DNA that plays a pivotal role in gene expression regulation during spermatogenesis. The enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyses the formation of folate intermediates that are vital for DNA synthesis and methylation reactions. C677T and A1298C variants of MTHFR result in reduced plasma folate and increase the susceptibility to various multifactorial disorders. We have already shown that homozygosity for 677 (C ®T) mutation in the MTHFR gene, is a risk factor for idiopathic male infertility in an Indian population. AIM Recently, we showed that homozygosity for the 677(C;T) mutation in the MTHFR gene is a risk factor for idiopathic male infertility and now we aim to assess whether the A1298C mutation in the same gene is an additional risk factor for idiopathic male infertility in an Indian population. SETTING AND DESIGNS In a case-control study 151 idiopathic male infertile patients and 140 healthy fertile control individuals were recruited from the University hospital and infertility clinics in Varanasi city, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotyping for A1298C change of the MTHFR gene was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Statistical Analysis : Allele frequencies were calculated using Fisher's exact test. Odds ratio was calculated as the measure of the association between the MTHFR genotype and idiopathic male infertility. RESULTS The homozygous (C/C) A1298C polymorphism of the MTHFR gene was present at a statistically high significance in idiopathic azoospermic infertile men (OR=3.4494, CI: 1.0092 to 11.7899, P<0.05). CONCLUSION The MTHFR 1298CC genotype is an additional genetic risk factor for idiopathic male infertility in an Indian population.
Enhancing Learning Management Systems Utility for Blind Students: A Task-oriented, User-Centered, Multi-Method Evaluation Technique

This paper presents a novel task-oriented, user-centered, multi-method evaluation (TUME) tech-nique and shows how it is useful in providing a more complete, practical and solution-oriented assessment of the accessibility and usability of Learning Management Systems (LMS) for blind and visually impaired (BVI) students. Novel components of TUME include a purposeful integra-tion of a multi-theoretic foundation and multiple methods to accurately identify users’ accessibil-ity and usability problems in Web interaction and identify design problems and solutions to en-sure technical feasibility of recommendations. The problems identified by TUME remain hidden from extant evaluation methods - therefore, these problems remain in Web-based applications. As a result, evaluation of Web-based applications remains confounded by users’ Web interaction challenges; their utility for specific user types remains unclear. Without appropriate evaluation of users’ problems and challenges in using Web-based applications, we cannot begin to solve these problems and challenges. This paper demonstrates how TUME can be used to identify the unique problems and challenges of specific user types in using Web-based applications and suggests po-tential solutions. The outcome is an accurate understanding of specific design elements that pre-sent roadblocks and challenges for the user in interacting with the Web-based application and feasible design modifications to potentially improve the utility of these applications for specific user types.
Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection is the treatment of choice for femoral pseudoaneurysms.

HYPOTHESIS Ultrasound-guided injection of thrombin is the treatment of choice for femoral pseudoaneurysms. DESIGN A prospective study of patients undergoing a single form of treatment for femoral pseudoaneurysms. SETTING Patients were treated at 2 tertiary care, university-affiliated hospitals. PATIENTS Forty consecutive patients with femoral pseudoaneurysms resulting from diagnostic and therapeutic catheterizations for peripheral arterial, coronary arterial, and cerebrovascular diseases were evaluated. INTERVENTION Thrombin was injected directly into the pseudoaneurysms under ultrasonographic guidance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Thrombosis of the pseudoaneurysm following thrombin injection was the goal of treatment. RESULTS All 40 patients had initial complete thrombosis of their femoral pseudoaneurysms. In each case, except for one, the aneurysm was noted to have thrombosed on follow-up duplex ultrasonogram. There was one complication. CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection is the treatment of choice for femoral pseudoaneurysms.
Progression of proximal caries in the mixed dentition: a 4-year prospective study.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the survival rate and median survival time of different stages of proximal caries in 196 children aged 6 to 8 years at baseline examination. METHODS Proximal caries and its progression were diagnosed from bitewing radiographs taken at 1-year intervals over a period of 4 years. The mesial surface of the first permanent molars, the mesial and distal surfaces of the first and second primary molars, and the distal surface of the primary canine were examined. Sound surfaces, caries lesions in the external- and internal-half of the enamel and external-, middle-, and internal-third of the dentin, as well as filled, extracted, and exfoliated teeth were recorded. A life table analysis was performed to estimate the annual and cumulative survival rates and the median survival time of each state of proximal lesions. RESULTS For the sound mesial surfaces of the first permanent molars, the cumulative survival rate was 76% and the median survival time was over 48 months. The corresponding values for the external-half of the enamel lesions were 41% and 45 months. Regarding the sound mesial and distal surfaces of the primary teeth, the cumulative survival rate was 92% and the median survival time was over 48 months. The corresponding values for the external and internal-half of the enamel lesions were 40% and 31 months, and 29% and 22 months, respectively. The value of the cumulative survival rate for the external-third of dentin lesions was 42%, with a median survival time of 34 months, and the value for the middle-third of the dentin was 38% with a median survival time of 17 months. CONCLUSIONS The risk of developing carious lesions in the sound proximal surfaces of both primary teeth and first permanent molars is low during the mixed dentition period; the progression of the external-half of enamel lesions of the first permanent molars is low for the first 3 years and becomes faster thereafter; and as the time period that the tooth exposed to cariogenic factors increases, the progression of the proximal caries is faster for all stages of the lesion in the primary teeth.
Graphical displays for assessing covariate balance in matching studies.

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES An essential requirement for ensuring the validity of outcomes in matching studies is that study groups are comparable on observed pre-intervention characteristics. Investigators typically use numerical diagnostics, such as t-tests, to assess comparability (referred to as 'balance'). However, such diagnostics only test equality along one dimension (e.g. means in the case of t-tests), and therefore do not adequately capture imbalances that may exist elsewhere in the distribution. Furthermore, these tests are generally sensitive to sample size, raising the concern that a reduction in power may be mistaken for an improvement in covariate balance. In this paper, we demonstrate the shortcomings of numerical diagnostics and demonstrate how visual displays provide a complete representation of the data to more robustly assess balance. METHODS We generate artificial datasets specifically designed to demonstrate how widely used equality tests capture only a single-dimension of the data and are sensitive to sample size. We then plot the covariate distributions using several graphical displays. RESULTS As expected, tests showing perfect covariate balance in means failed to reflect imbalances at higher moments (variances). However, these discrepancies were easily detected upon inspection of the graphic displays. Additionally, smaller sample sizes led to the appearance of covariate balance, when in fact it was a result of lower statistical power. CONCLUSIONS Given the limitations of numerical diagnostics, we advocate using graphical displays for assessing covariate balance and encourage investigators to provide such graphs when reporting balance statistics in their matching studies.
Treatment of common bile duct stones--is the role of ERCP changed in era of minimally invasive surgery?

UNLABELLED In 10-15% of the patients that underwent cholecystectomy, common bile duct stones were found either during the preoperative, intraoperative or postoperative evaluation. Their treatment traditionally was based on open approach and extraction of calculi, with development of endoscopic procedures we have ERCP with endoscopic sphincterotomy, but due to rapid development of laparoscopic procedures now-days we have other therapeutic options such as laparoscopic transcystic extraction and laparoscopic choledohotomy. METHODS During the period between 2007-2009 we treated 168 patients with common bile duct stones. Age range was 21-78 years, 105 female and 63 male patients. We have performed 47 open explorations, 9 laparoscopic transcystic exploration, as well as 112 ERCP and ES. We monitored the rate of success (%), intra- and postoperative complications. RESULTS The success rate of the cases of open exploration was 95%, in 2 cases postoperative cholangiogram showed concrement residues that were successfully treated later on with ERCP+ES. Out of 9 transcystic LCBDE we have performed, in 4 cases extraction was successful, 3 patients underwent conversion into open exploration, and 2 patients were successfully treated with postoperative ERCP. A total of 69 patients were treated with ERCP and ES with the 82% success rate of stone extraction. CONCLUSION Even though laparoscopic and endoscopic procedures have revolutionized treatment of common bile duct stones, the role of ERCP is not changed. Treatment in general hospital settings largely depends on availability of endoscopic and laparoscopic equipment and expertise, and must be individualized according to methods that are available. In our settings we have found that best summary of these demands are achieved by ERCP and laparoscopic approach.
Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease was first described in 1910 by Herrick and Irons. The irregularly shaped blood cells observed by Irons were those of Walter Clement Noel, a dental student with symptoms that included joint pain and shortness of breath. After graduation, Dr. Noel returned to his native Grenada, where he died suddenly at 32 years of age. Although the cause of death was recorded as pneumonia, his death was most likely the result of sudden, undetected pulmonary hypertension. Today, we know that pulmonary hypertension and chronic lung disease are two of the most common causes of death among patients with .
Infections urinaires communautaires et résistance aux antibiotiques : quelle place pour le mécillinam dans la cystite à Escherichia coli ?

Objet : Determination de la sensibilite au mecillinam de E. coli implique dans les cystites communautaires. Methodes : Etude monocentrique menee a partir des ECBU a culture positive a E. coli issus d’infections urinaires communautaires (IUC) chez la femme sur l’annee 2012 et de mai 2014 a juillet 2015. Categorisation des episodes d’IUC a partir des donnees cliniques et etude de la sensibilite par methode de diffusion, disques de mecillinam 10 μg (i2a), et breakpoint recommande de 8 mg/L pour la categorisation clinique. Afin d’etudier la sensibilite des E. coli BLSE au mecillinam dans les IU, extension de l’inclusion des souches urinaires jusqu’a collecter 106 isolats. Test simultane pour temocilline, fosfomycine, furanes, ciprofloxacine et cotrimoxazole. Resultats : Parmi 994 episodes d’IUC a E. coli, dont 4,6% BLSE (<1% dans les cystites), 269 cystites a E. coli ont ete documentees : 181 simples (CYS) et 88 CYC. La sensibilite au mecillinam de E. coli etait de 97% dans les cystites : CYS 97% et CYC 98%. Concernant les 106 E. coli BLSE issus d’IU 86% etaient sensibles au mecillinam, chiffre proche de la temocilline (84%), mais inferieur a ceux de la fosfomycine (95%) et des furanes (96%). Conclusion : Notre travail confirme le tres faible taux de resistance (<5%) de E. coli au pivmecillinam dans les cystites communautaires sur la periode 2012-2015 : largement <20% pour les CYS, et <10% pour les CYC, argument pour reflechir a une eventuelle utilisation future en probabiliste dans cette indication. Et bien que moins actif in vitro que la fosfomycine ou les furanes, le mecillinam est une molecule de choix contre les E. coli BLSE issus d’IU.
Identification of Phosphorylation Sites in the Translational Regulator, PHAS-I, That Are Controlled by Insulin and Rapamycin in Rat Adipocytes*

Phosphorylation of PHAS-I by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in vitro decreased PHAS-I binding to eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-4E. The decrease in binding lagged behind the phosphorylation of PHAS-I in Ser64, the preferred site of MAP kinase. Binding of the Ala64 mutant of PHAS-I to eIF-4E was abolished by MAP kinase, indicating that phosphorylation of sites other than Ser64 control binding. To identify such sites, PHAS-I was phosphorylated with MAP kinase and [γ-32P]ATP and then cleaved proteolytically before the resulting phosphopeptides were isolated by reverse phase chromatography and directly identified by amino acid sequencing. Phosphorylated residues were located by determining the cycles in which 32P was released when phosphopeptides were subjected to sequential Edman degradation. With an extended incubation in vitro, MAP kinase phosphorylated Thr36, Thr45, Ser64, Thr69, and Ser82. In rat adipocytes, the phosphorylation of all five sites was increased by insulin and decreased by rapamycin although there were differences in the magnitude of the effects. A form of PHAS-I phosphorylated exclusively in Thr36 remained bound to eIF-4E, indicating that phosphorylation of Thr36 is insufficient for dissociation of the PHAS-I·eIF-4E complex. In summary, our results indicate that multiple phosphorylation sites are involved in the control of PHAS-I. All five sites identified fit a (Ser/Thr)-Pro motif, suggesting that the phosphorylation of PHAS-I in cells is mediated by a proline-directed protein kinase.
Metabolite profiling of pea roots in response to phosphate availability

The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic association between soil fungi (Glomeromycota) and roots of most plant species. A recent study showed that high phosphate fertilization could inhibit mycorrhizal colonization at a very early stage, before hyphopodium formation. The authors proposed that inhibiting and/or stimulatory compounds might be present in roots grown under high phosphate or low phosphate, respectively. To further address this question, we performed metabolite profiling analyses of extracts of pea roots grown under low and high phosphate concentrations. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was coupled with high resolution (HR) mass spectrometry (Q-TOF) and multivariate statistical analysis. This allowed the detection of 34 ions discriminating the two conditions. A majority (28 ions) were more abundant in roots grown under low phosphate concentration, and among them four were specific of this condition. The results suggest that the regulation of AM symbiosis by phosphate may involve the synthesis or accumulation of stimulatory compounds in roots grown under low phosphate.
O Perfil da Pesquisa Bibliométrica Publicada nas 19 Edições do Congresso Brasileiro de Custos

O presente artigo teve como proposito, analisar o perfil da producao bibliometrica publicada no âmbito do Congresso Brasileiro de Custos no periodo que compreende os anos de 1994 a 2012. Fazendo uso da analise quantitativa de dados e sendo norteada por levantamento bibliografico, foram selecionados trinta e cinco artigos que utilizaram a bibliometria para analise da producao cientifica. A partir de um estudo bibliometrico, os resultados evidenciaram que a pesquisa bibliometrica foi identificada pela primeira vez no ano de 2007, e nos anos seguintes apresentou-se de forma assimetrica, ou seja, nao manteve uma regularidade. Foi notada que prevaleceram publicacoes em co-autoria e a predominância de referencias a livros, alem do mais, sobressai a pesquisa descritiva no periodo estudado. Como fato relevante observa-se a nao utilizacao de leis bibliometricas (Lotka, Bradford e Zipf) em 80% dos artigos. A producao bibliometrica na area contabil publicada no Congresso Brasileiro de Custos encontra-se em fase de amadurecimento, totalizando um numero maximo de duas publicacoes por autor como constatado. E por fim observa-se a variabilidade das tematicas abordadas dentro do periodo pesquisado, a bibliometria se fez presente em dez areas tematicas.