Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Humane Teaching Methods Demonstrate Efficacy in Veterinary Education

Animal use resulting in harm or death has historically played an integral role in veterinary education, in disciplines such as surgery, physiology, biochemistry, anatomy, pharmacology, and parasitology. However, many non-harmful alternatives now exist, including computer simulations, high quality videos, ‘ethically-sourced cadavers’ such as from animals euthanased for medical reasons, preserved specimens, models and surgical simulators, non-invasive self-experimentation and supervised clinical experiences. Prolonged struggles by veterinary students in Australia, the US and elsewhere have shown that many veterinary academics remain opposed to their introduction, usually citing concerns about teaching efficacy. Consequently, studies of veterinary students were reviewed comparing learning outcomes generated by non-harmful teaching methods with those achieved by harmful animal use. Of eleven published from 1989 to 2006, nine assessed surgical training—historically the discipline involving greatest harmful animal use. 45.5% (5/11) demonstrated superior learning outcomes using more humane alternatives. Another 45.5% (5/11) demonstrated equivalent learning outcomes and one (9.1%) demonstrated inferior learning outcomes. Twenty nine papers in which comparison with harmful animal use did not occur illustrated additional benefits of humane teaching methods, including: time and cost savings, enhanced potential for customisation and repeatability of the learning exercise, increased student confidence and satisfaction, increased compliance with animal use legislation, elimination of objections to the use of purpose-killed animals, and integration of clinical perspectives and ethics early in the curriculum. The evidence demonstrates that veterinary educators can best serve their students and animals, while minimising financial and time burdens, by introducing welldesigned teaching methods not reliant on harmful animal use. However, due to their lack of support for the concept, too many Australian veterinary educators remain among the world’s worst teachers of humane veterinary surgical courses. Instead, they should aim to be among the best. Such an achievement is within their ability; it simply requires a fundamental change in attitude.
Determining the cellular targets and resulting pathology of rift valley fever virus infection of the rat CNS and reproductive system using microscopy

Rift Valley fever virus is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that infects domestic ruminants and causes fatal hepatic necrosis and “abortion storms” that result in loss of up to 90-100% of pregnancies in animals. Human infection occurs among individuals in contact with affected animals and typically manifests as a febrile illness that can advance to hemorrhagic fever or neurological disease. In patients that develop encephalitis, there is a 50% chance of death while survivors experience long-term complications. Human cases of vertical transmission during pregnancy resulted in fetal viremia, abnormalities, and death; however, the rates of congenital RVFV are misunderstood and understudied. Rodent encephalitic and congenital models of RVF have recently been developed and are crucial for elucidating the mechanism of infection separating febrile illness from severe outcomes effecting the central nervous and reproductive systems. Whole, homogenized tissues from these models have been analyzed for viral titers, infiltrating immune cells, and resulting pathologies; however, specific infection events occurring within precise tissue structures required immunofluorescence and chromogen staining for microscopic image analysis and scoring. Thin sections of tissues from both models were stained for viral and cellular markers and imaged in order to determine specific disease events observed in our lab’s previous studies, Albe et al. (2019) and McMillen et al. (2018). Immunofluorescence micrographs supported the presence of vRNA and inflammatory leukocyte infiltration in the olfactory bulbs and cortexes as early as 1 day post-infection (dpi), and massive neuronal infection and necrosis beginning by 3 dpi. End-stage neurological disease, beginning at 5 dpi, was represented by a massive blood brain barrier breakdown event and influx of inflammatory cells. Histological analysis of pregnant RVFV-infected rat tissues showed the highest amount of vRNA in the placental tissues rather than the liver, and moderate levels of virus in the uterus and ovaries. Within the placenta, RVFV targeted the maternal decidual layer and fetal basal and labyrinth zones. Viral signal was also detected in the placentas of dams that survived infection. Visual immunohistochemistry data, as developed and presented here, can help highlight structural and cellular targets of RVFV that should be focused on for therapeutic efforts. RVFV is in the Federal Select Agent program for pathogens that have the potential to post a severe threat to public, animal, or plant health, on the World Health Organization’s list of Blueprint priority diseases requiring an urgent need for accelerated research and development, and a category A high-priority pathogen of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which are biological agents that post the highest risk to national security; therefore research into therapeutics for RVF is of major public health significance.
Differential effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on sprint and endurance cycling

Among well‐trained athletes and across comparable experimental conditions, we investigated whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (2 mA, 15 minutes) applied to the leg area of the motor cortex improved different cycling modes, namely, short sprint cycling and middle endurance cycling. Three different tDCS conditions, namely anodal, cathodal, and sham, were tested. Following tDCS, participants performed maximum effort sprint cycling for 8 seconds and sub‐maximum power endurance cycling at a constant speed cadence until exhaustion. In the endurance test, time to exhaustion after anodal tDCS (715 ± 225 seconds) was significantly longer compared with after cathodal (670 ± 230 seconds) or sham tDCS (682 ± 216 seconds) conditions. Improvements in cycling performance due to anodal tDCS were observed in the endurance test with higher intensity cycling, with time to exhaustion approximately between 100 and 200 seconds. Neither anodal nor cathodal tDCS resulted in higher accumulative power output compared with sham tDCS in the sprint cycling test. Our findings suggest the effect of anodal tDCS over the motor leg area on cycling performance is strongly dependent on the differential development of central fatigue generated in different cycling modes. These findings aid understanding of the effects of tDCS on different cycling modes.
Molecular characterisation of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolated from commercial broiler chickens in Nile Delta

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a highly infectious disease affecting young chickens that alters predominantly the immune system. Emergence of new variants causes severe economic losses not only in Egypt but also all over the world. For this purpose assessment of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) genotypes in 20 commercial broiler flocks aged 20–35 days raised in 5 provinces in the Nile Delta, Egypt (Gharbia, Dakahlya, Kafr El sheikh, Zagazig and Domietta) was carried out. All flocks were vaccinated against IBD virus. RT-PCR revealed successful amplification of 620 bp of VP2 in 17 out of 20 samples (85%). VP2 gene nucleotide sequence analysis of six IBDV isolates (F342-1, F342-2, F342-4, F342-5 and F342-7) revealed 99.1 % similarity to the Giza 2000, Giza 2008 vv, SV-G1, SV-G2, SV-G4 and SV-G5 which were very virulent IBDV strains while the isolate F342-3 was close to D78 classical vaccinal strain and Kal 2001 classical IBDV strain variant.
Two‐step Screening for Identification of Drug‐metabolizing Bacterial Cytochromes P450 with Diversified Selectivity

The evaluation of drug metabolites is compulsory during drug development. Since recently, bacterial cytochromes P450 and their mutated variants have attracted considerable interest as an alternative to hepatic P450s for the synthesis of human drug metabolites. Thus, straightforward screening approaches are required that enable rapid identification and evaluation of drug‐metabolizing bacterial P450s with different product selectivities. Herein, we report a two‐step screening method for discovery and characterization of new P450s from actinomycetes that enable oxidation of various drugs. In the first step, substrate profiling with three structurally different model drugs, ritonavir, testosterone, amitriptyline, allowed us to select CYP105D and CYP107Z from Streptomyces platensis DSM 40041 that accepted all model substrates and produced human‐like drug metabolites. In the second step, activity tests with an array of 25 structurally‐related molecules and derivatives of the three model compounds revealed a correlation between structural variations in the target drugs and the enzyme chemo‐ and regioselectivity.
Tuning of feedforward control enables stable muscle force-length dynamics after loss of autogenic proprioceptive feedback

Animals must integrate feedforward, feedback and intrinsic mechanical control mechanisms to maintain stable locomotion. Recent studies of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) revealed that the distal leg muscles rapidly modulate force and work output to minimize perturbations in uneven terrain. Here we probe the role of reflexes in the rapid perturbation response of muscle by studying the effects of proprioceptive loss. We induced bilateral loss of autogenic proprioception in the lateral gastrocnemius muscle (LG) using self-reinnervation. We compared ankle kinematics and in vivo muscle dynamics in birds with reinnervated LG and intact LG. Reinnervated and intact muscles exhibit similar force-length dynamics, with rapid changes in work to stabilize running obstacle terrain. Reinnervated LG exhibits 23ms earlier steady-state activation, consistent with feedforward tuning of activation phase to compensate for lost proprioception. Modulation of force duration is impaired in rLG, confirming the role of reflex feedback in regulating force duration in intact muscle.
Inference for Bivariate Conway-Maxwell-Poisson Distribution and Its Application in Modeling Bivariate Count Data

In recent actuarial literature, the bivariate Poisson regression model has been found to be useful for modeling paired count data. However, the basic assumption of marginal equi-dispersion may be quite restrictive in practice. To overcome this limitation, we consider here the recently developed bivariate Conway–Maxwell–Poisson (CMP) distribution. As a distribution that allows data dispersion, the bivariate CMP distribution is a flexible distribution which includes the bivariate Poisson, bivariate Bernoulli and bivariate Geometric distributions all as special cases. We discuss inferential methods for this CMP distribution. An application to automobile insurance data demonstrates its usefulness as an alternative framework to the commonly used bivariate Poisson model.
The Two Dimensions of Narcissistic Personality and Support for the Radical Right: The Role of Right–Wing Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation and Anti–Immigrant Sentiment

This paper offers an explanation of the link between grandiose narcissism and support for radical right parties. Drawing on representative data of the GESIS Panel (N = 2827), focusing on support for the German radical right populist party Alternative for Germany in 2016 and treating grandiose narcissism as a two–dimensional concept, it is shown that the effects of grandiose narcissism are indirect rather than direct. The paper also reveals that it is mainly narcissistic rivalry that accounts for radical right party support, whereas narcissistic admiration has a protecting relationship. Finally, our results indicate that the indirect effects of narcissistic rivalry on radical right party support via right–wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, respectively, are mediated by anti–immigrant sentiment. All in all, our results suggest that in studies on ideological orientations and voting behaviour, both dimensions of grandiose narcissism should be considered due to their contradictory relationship. Moreover, our findings indicate that the success of radical right parties might be the expression of personality dispositions of some parts of the electorate. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology
Content Analysis of Consent Forms for Clinical Whole Exome Sequencing

As genomic sequencing becomes increasingly incorporated into clinical care, the patient informed consent process must successfully manage many ethical challenges, including whether to seek secondary findings and which results will be returned to the patient. The goal of the current study was to explore variation among existing informed consent forms for clinical whole exome sequencing (WES) in order to identify the level of consistency with the recommendations from the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues and the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) regarding informed consent for clinical genomescale sequencing. Recommendations of the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues and ACMG were organized into a framework of 18 key points for analysis. In addition, 5 other points relevant to informed consent were identified from a preliminary review of the sampled forms and review of the literature. These were
Performance Comparison of ANN Training Algorithms for Hysteresis Determination in LTE networks

Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network is an improved standard for mobile telecommunication system developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) requires an efficient handover framework which would reduce hysteresis and improve quality of service (QoS) of subscribers by maximizing scarce radio resources. This paper compares the performance of two ANN prediction algorithms (LevenbergMarquadt and Bayesian regularization) based on received signal strength (RSS) and the hysteresis margin parameters for neuro-adaptive hysteresis margin reduction algorithm. The Bayesian regularization algorithm had a lower mean error when compared with the Levenberg-Marquadt (LM) prediction algorithm and as such a better option for neuro-adaptive hysteresis margin reduction algorithm.
The Diffusion of an Innovation Among Physicians

These findings have been made part of the basis for a contribution to the theory of innovations (3), and have provided evidence for the influence of the group in the adoption of new professional practices (4). Generalizability in social research is of continuing concern to the researcher. Of how large a proportion of physicians are these findings likely to be true? Communities with a population of under 100,000, as of 1950, accounted for 34.6 per cent of the United States population. Communities of this size may account for perhaps half of the country's practising physicians. It would thus appear that the communities of the type in which the earlier studies were conducted may not include the majority of physicians. To establish the salience of the dimension of interpersonal contact among physicians in a community of different size, a related situation was studied in a large American city. Any new drugs of the kind studied in earlier researches and in this study face substantial competition from established drugs as well as from the continuing flow of new products vying for the physician's attention. Some 500 new prescription products are introduced a year, of which an average of 400 will fail to win adoption, 50 will be somewhat successful and perhaps 50 will be successful. Summarizing a number of marketing-research studies on American physicians, we can say that the typical physician is informed about new drug products by articles and advertisements in medical journals (with which he spends an average of 4? 2 hours weekly), visits by detail men (with whom he spends an average of five minutes each), direct mail (an average of 75 pieces a week), exhibits at conventions and meetings, hospitals, samples and colleagues. Any new drug thus is likely to have to compete for the physician's attention with many other new drugs. For a physician to be aware of the existence and qualities of a new drug and for him to prescribe it means that it has managed to distinguish itself from the many conflicting and competing
Fabrication tolerant high-speed SiP ring modulators and optical add-drop multiplexers for WDM applications

Silicon ring resonator modulators (RRMs) have great potential to reduce footprint and power consumption and to increase modulation speeds in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) transmitters. However, the optical properties of RRMs are highly sensitive to fabrication variations, which makes them challenging to design for volume production or a large number of WDM-channels. In this work, we present an RRM design that was specifically designed and experimentally validated to have reduced sensitivity to fabrication variations. This includes a sensitivity analysis of resist over- and under-exposure (±30 nm lateral dimension deviation) and of etch depth variability (±10 nm depth variation) within the coupling section. For our design, the deviation from the targeted coupling strength is improved twofold. The proposed devices are fabricated on SOI wafers using a standard CMOS-compatible process. We demonstrate RRMs with an extinction ratio above 5 dB, an OMA better that -7 dB (at 2 Vpp) and a 29 GHz electro-optical bandwidth, showing open eye diagrams at 32 Gb/s limited only by our measurement setup. The measured coupling coefficients are in good agreement with the simulated values. Furthermore, we applied the same design modifications to realize low-doped RRMs as well as ring based adddrop- multiplexers (OADMs). The agreement between the simulated and the measured coupling coefficients (that we identified as the main source of device performance variability) further confirms the effectiveness of our design modifications. These results suggest that the proposed design can be exploited to enable reliable fabrication of resonantbased devices on a large scale, especially in WDM systems.
SMART‐DECK: Multifunctional carbon‐reinforced concrete interlayer for bridges

The service life of bridges is often threatened by an insufficient shear force capacity in the transverse direction as well as by leakages in the sealing layer, which leads to chloride ingress and therefore corrosion damages. To prevent expensive repair work and traffic obstructions, a thin, multifunctional interlayer of textile‐reinforced concrete called SMART‐DECK was developed. This interlayer provides three functions: A full‐surface moisture monitoring in real‐time, a preventive cathodic corrosion protection, and an increase of the shear force capacity. The operator of the bridge is able to monitor the condition of the sealer in real‐time. The relevant data are transmitted via the internet and show the condition of the sealer in a simple color scheme. If leakage occurs, the cathodic corrosion protection can be switched on to protect the reinforcement from corrosion damages. The renewing of the damaged bridge deck sealing has not to be carried out immediately but can be postponed over years, for example, to periods with little traffic. In this paper, the scientific approach for the realization of the system is presented, beginning with laboratory pretests on the materials and numerical simulations. The results are used to test the functions of the system in the laboratory and later on two demonstrators. An outlook will present the next research questions.
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and Global Childhoods: Transdisciplinary Reflections from Nepal

Abstract Globally, humans face innumerable socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental problems while being threatened by ever more interconnected and complex geopolitical concerns. In this planetary context, unidisciplinary research and related teaching approaches often work to constrain our ability to move beyond institutional and bureaucratic mind-sets to become agents of social change within local systems impacting children. During its 40-year evolution from a sub-discipline of psychology, the international field of child and youth studies has sought common ground for interpreting these pedagogical and professional issues. Many authors now argue for transdisciplinary approaches to address and overcome these tensions in the effort to re-integrate epistemologies of the global South within more dominant global North knowledge production systems. Such approaches have been posited to add new analytical and methodological tools to achieve praxis—the Greek word for translating theory into practice. Transdisciplinary research transcends the usual gap between academia and the broader public by acknowledging the value of knowledge obtained from diverse, nonacademic stakeholders in the community, government, and business. In addition, these approaches in child and youth studies offer us new possibilities for translating and understanding the local and global implications of implementing the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Child, and the vast differences in the experiences of childhood amongst and between various socioeconomic, cultural, and political contexts in recognizing their own rights in situ. Moving beyond adult-focused and Eurocentric understanding of the childhood literature (and of children’s human rights), this paper reflects our experiences working with young people affiliated with the Lalitpur Metropolitan City Child Clubs in Nepal, and observing their participatory planning processes for annual budgets. In response to increasing complexity throughout all regions of the world, we consider historical, political, and cultural experiences in Nepal through this transdisciplinary approach to child-centered research and activism. Our paper details key learning and transitions from being “academic researchers” and “observers” of a participatory, child- and youth-focused budgeting process to “collaborators” and “co-constructors of knowledge” with key stakeholders—the young people of Lalitpur, Nepal.
Kesalahan Penyusunan Harga Perkiraan Sendiri (HPS) Dalam Pengadaan Barang / Jasa Pemerintah Yang Berimplikasi Tindak Pidana

Pengadaan Barang/Jasa merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang penting dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Dari tahapan Pengadaan Barang / Jasa terdapat salah satu Tahapan yang disebut Tahap Persiapan. Salah satu kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam tahapan Persiapan Pengadaan Barang / Jasa adalah penyusunan Harga Perkiraan Sendiri (HPS). Penyusunan Harga Perkiraan Sendiri (HPS) merupakan salah satu langkah strategis dalam pengadaan barang/jasa adalah yang digunakan sebagai batas harga tertinggi agar penyedia dapat melakukan penawaran. Dokumen HPS merupakan dokumen yang disusun sebelum melakukan pembelanjaan anggaran yang berasal dari Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) dan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD). Kesalahan dalam penyusunan HPS acap kali diidentikan sebagai celah untuk melakukan tindak pidana korupsi dengan cara penggelembungan harga atau mark up terhadap HPS. Salah satu pola kesalahan dalam penyusunan HPS dapat terdeteksi dari unit-price yang tidak realistis dan pembengkakan jumlah APBN/APBD. Namun kesalahan penyusunan HPS tidak selalu berimplikasi pada tindak pidana korupsi. Hal tersebut akan berakibat pada perbedaan pertanggungjawaban dari pihak yang melakukan kesalahan yang berkaitan dengan HPS dalam pengadaan barang/jasa.