Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study of the Management Dimensions of customer-based Brand Performance

In order to manage and measure brand performance better and raise the level of brand management, this paper made an exploratory research on Brand Performance Management Dimensions. On the basis of literature review we emphasized that brand performance management dimensions must base on the perspective of consumers. Used of questionnaire survey, and with the help of SPSS factor analysis, finally, we discovered the brand performance which based on customer perspective have 5 management dimensions and named them: brand reputation, brand satisfaction, brand trust, brand loyalty and brand of tolerance. The results show that they can sort out the brand performance management dimensions' hierarchy more concisely and clearly, and they not only enrich brand management theory, but also make the enterprises in brand management with strong guidance.
ATP and heat production in human skeletal muscle during dynamic exercise: higher efficiency of anaerobic than aerobic ATP resynthesis

The aim of the present study was to simultaneously examine skeletal muscle heat production and ATP turnover in humans during dynamic exercise with marked differences in aerobic metabolism. This was done to test the hypothesis that efficiency is higher in anaerobic than aerobic ATP resynthesis. Six healthy male subjects performed 90 s of low intensity knee‐extensor exercise with (OCC) and without thigh occlusion (CON‐LI) as well as 90 s of high intensity exercise (CON‐HI) that continued from the CON‐LI bout. Muscle heat production was determined by continuous measurements of muscle heat accumulation and heat release to the blood. Muscle ATP production was quantified by repeated measurements of thigh oxygen uptake as well as blood and muscle metabolite changes. All temperatures of the thigh were equalized to ≈37 °C prior to exercise by a water‐perfused heating cuff. Oxygen uptake accounted for 80 ± 2 and 59 ± 4 %, respectively, of the total ATP resynthesis in CON‐LI and CON‐HI, whereas it was negligible in OCC. The rise in muscle temperature was lower (P < 0.05) in OCC than CON‐LI (0.32 ± 0.04 vs. 0.37 ± 0.03 °C). The mean rate of heat production was also lower (P < 0.05) in OCC than CON‐LI (36 ± 4 vs. 57 ± 4 J s−1). Mechanical efficiency was 52 ± 4 % after 15 s of OCC and remained constant, whereas it decreased (P < 0.05) from 56 ± 5 to 32 ± 3 % during CON‐LI. During CON‐HI, mechanical efficiency transiently increased (P < 0.05) to 47 ± 4 %, after which it decreased (P < 0.05) to 36 ± 3 % at the end of CON‐HI. Assuming a fully coupled mitochondrial respiration, the ATP turnover per unit of work was calculated to be unaltered during OCC (≈20 mmol ATP kJ−1), whereas it increased (P < 0.05) from 21 ± 4 to 29 ± 3 mmol ATP kJ−1 during CON‐LI and further (P < 0.05) to 37 ± 3 mmol ATP kJ−1 during CON‐HI. The present data confirm the hypothesis that heat loss is lower in anaerobic ATP resynthesis than in oxidative phosphorylation and can in part explain the finding that efficiency declines markedly during dynamic exercise. In addition, the rate of ATP turnover apparently increases during constant load low intensity exercise. Alternatively, mitochondrial efficiency is lowered as exercise progresses, since ATP turnover was unaltered during the ischaemic exercise bout.
Differential Function of the Prolyl Hydroxylases PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3 in the Regulation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor*

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcriptional regulator that plays a key role in many aspects of oxygen homeostasis. The heterodimeric HIF complex is regulated by proteolysis of its α-subunits, following oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of specific prolyl residues. Although three HIF prolyl hydroxylases, PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3, have been identified that have the potential to catalyze this reaction, the contribution of each isoform to the physiological regulation of HIF remains uncertain. Here we show using suppression by small interference RNA that each of the three PHD isoforms contributes in a non-redundant manner to the regulation of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α subunits and that the contribution of each PHD under particular culture conditions is strongly dependent on the abundance of the enzyme. Thus in different cell types, isoform-specific patterns of PHD induction by hypoxia and estrogen alter both the relative abundance of the PHDs and their relative contribution to the regulation of HIF. In addition, the PHDs manifest specificity for different prolyl hydroxylation sites within each HIF-α subunit, and a degree of selectively between HIF-1α and HIF-2α isoforms, indicating that differential PHD inhibition has the potential to selectively alter the characteristics of HIF activation.
Diversity of and Selection Acting on Cylindrospermopsin cyrB Gene Adenylation Domain Sequences in Florida

ABSTRACT Aphanizomenon ovalisporum is the only confirmed cylindrospermopsin producer identified in the United States to date. On the other hand, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is a prominent feature of many lakes in Florida and other regions of the United States. To see the variation in cylindrospermopsin cyrB gene adenylation domain sequences and possibly discover new cylindrospermopsin producers, we collected water samples for a 3-year period from 17 different systems in Florida. Positive amplicons were cloned and sequenced, revealing that approximately 92% of sequences were A. ovalisporum-like (>99% identity). Interestingly, 6% of sequences were very similar (>99% identity) to cyrB sequences of C. raciborskii from Australia and of Aphanizomenon sp. from Germany. Neutrality tests suggest that A. ovalisporum-like cyrB adenylation domain sequences are under purifying selection, with abundant low-frequency polymorphisms within the population. On the other hand, when compared between species by codon-based methods, amino acids of CyrB also seem to be under purifying selection, in accordance with the one proposed amino acid thought to be activated by the CyrB adenylation domain.
Proteomic responses of skeletal and cardiac muscle to exercise

Regular exercise is effective in the prevention of chronic diseases and confers a lower risk of death in individuals displaying risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. Thus, knowledge of the molecular responses to exercise provides a valuable contrast for interpreting investigations of disease and can highlight novel therapeutic targets. While exercise is an everyday experience and can be conceptualized in simple terms, it is also a complex physiological phenomenon and investigation of exercise responses requires sophisticated analytical techniques and careful standardization of the exercise stimulus. Proteomic investigation of exercise is in its infancy but the ability to link changes in function with comprehensive changes in protein expression and post-translational modification holds great promise for advancing physiology. This article highlights recent pioneering work investigating the effects of exercise in skeletal and cardiac muscle that has uncovered novel mechanisms underlying the benefits of physical activity.
Overall Survival: A Gold Standard in Search of a Surrogate: The Value of Progression-Free Survival and Time to Progression as End Points of Drug Efficacy

Overall survival (OS) has been the gold standard for demonstrating clinical benefit for cancer drugs. It is 100% accurate for the event and time, it is assessed daily, its importance is unquestioned, and it addresses both safety and efficacy. However, OS as the primary efficacy end point requires large studies, long periods of follow-up, and it is potentially confounded by effective crossover, subsequent therapies, and noncancer death. Progression-free survival (PFS) or time to progression (TTP) directly measures the treatment effects of drugs on cancer growth, and they are not confounded by subsequent or crossover therapy. Although PFS and TTP benefits do not translate into OS benefits in all clinical settings examined so far, PFS or TTP improvement with a sufficient magnitude and in the context of favorable benefit-risk ratio should also be considered an important clinical benefit. Acceptance of PFS and TTP improvement demonstrated by well designed and conducted studies as direct evidence of clinical benefit will accelerate cancer drug development and make effective therapy available to patients with cancer sooner. The availability of sequential therapies, each delivers incremental progress in tumor control and PFS, may collectively lead to transformation of cancer to a curable or controllable chronic disease.
Observation of the solvent shell reorganization around photoexcited atomic solutes by picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

We report on the observation of the solvation shell rearrangement after abstraction of the electron from aq. I- in a laser pump/X-ray probe expt. by recording the X-ray absorption L1- and L3-edge spectra, 50 ps after laser excitation. The L1-edge spectra clearly identify the I0 neutral species after excitation and suggest a substantial amt. of back-transfer of charge from the solvent species. Both edge spectra point to a significant rearrangement of the solvation shell around I0. [on SciFinder (R)]
Thinning rate of the precorneal and prelens tear films.

PURPOSE To apply interferometry as an in vivo measure of tear film thinning between blinks. METHODS Wavelength-dependent interference was used to measure the tear film thinning rates in 20 normal contact lens wearers, and spectra were captured at a rate of 4.5 per second for 20 seconds. Four recordings of precorneal tear film (PCTF) thinning were made, followed by 1 hour of hydrogel lens wear and then four recordings of prelens tear film (PLTF) thinning. Subjects were asked to blink 1 second after the beginning of the recording and then hold their eyes open for an additional 19 seconds, followed by 2 minutes of rest between recordings. RESULTS The average thinning rate of the PLTF was greater than that of the PCTF and average initial tear film thickness of the PLTF was less than that of the PCTF. For both these reasons, the "tear thinning time" (time to reach 0 thickness) was typically shorter for the PLTF than for the PCTF. Histograms of PCTF and PLTF thinning rates showed a narrow peak corresponding to slow thinning of approximately 1 microm/min, but also many examples of rapid thinning of approximately 10 microm/min, with greater variability. Both the initial thickness and thinning rate of the PLTF correlated with corresponding values for the PCTF, although many more rapidly changing values were associated with the PLTF. Plots of rapid thinning of PCTF and PLTF were both linear and were not accompanied by any significant increase in thickness of corneal epithelium or contact lens, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Tear film thinning can be analyzed in terms of flow in three spatial directions: (1) outward (evaporation), (2) inward (into the epithelium or contact lens), and (3) parallel to the tear film surface. The results indicate that the second mechanism may be unimportant. Studies have shown a range of tear film evaporation rates from 0.24 to 1.45 microm/min, whereas, when the lipid layer is washed away from the tear film, the thinning rate, due to evaporation, would be approximately 7 microm/min. Thus, slow thinning rates may be due to tear film evaporation, whereas rapid rates (which are often greater than 7 microm/min) presumably include other mechanisms such as dewetting, Marangoni flow (i.e., surface tension gradients), and pressure-gradient flow.
Nightmare prevalence, nightmare distress, and self-reported psychological disturbance.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The relationship between nightmare prevalence, nightmare distress, and self-reported psychological disturbance was assessed prospectively. DESIGN Differences in self-reported psychological disturbance as a function of nightmare prevalence was investigated by MANCOVA's with non-nightmare dreams as the covariate as well as Pearson correlations. The relative contribution of nightmare prevalence and distress to the prediction of psychological disturbance was investigated through multiple regression analyses. SETTING N/A. PARTICIPANTS 116 participants (mean age = 20 years) completed self-report indices of depression, anxiety, dissociation, psychosis-proneness, and a psychiatric symptom checklist and kept a nightmare log for 21 consecutive nights. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Frequent nightmares were associated with higher levels of psychological disturbance. Individuals who reported 3 or more nightmares across the 3 weeks reported more dissociation, psychosis-proneness and psychiatric symptoms than participants reporting 2 nightmares or less. However, nightmare prevalence and distress were not significantly correlated and differentially predicted to different types of waking psychological disturbance. Multiple regressions further indicated that nightmare distress accounted for much of the unique explanatory variance in predicting clinical states associated with high negative affect (anxiety and depression). Last, there was no evidence for a specific relationship between nightmares and psychosis-proneness. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that it is not the incidence of nightmares which is associated with poorer waking psychological functioning, especially anxiety and depression states, but the reported distress associated with the nightmare experience which is the critical variable in predicting higher psychological disturbance.
Ionic correlations and failure of Nernst-Einstein relation in solid-state electrolytes

A microscopic understanding of fast ionic transport is fundamental to design novel solid-state electrolytes. We address the role of correlations in these systems and study in detail the tracer and charge diffusion coefficients, deriving a novel inequality between these two quantities. We investigate the failure of the Nernst-Einstein and the physical consequences of a nontrivial Haven ratio with extensive first-principles molecular dynamics in the fast ion conductor Li10GeP2S12. Last, we show that the approximate tracer diffusion still provides accurate activation free energies.
Niche Partitioning of Marine Group I Crenarchaeota in the Euphotic and Upper Mesopelagic Zones of the East China Sea

ABSTRACT Marine group I Crenarchaeota (MGI) represents a ubiquitous and numerically predominant microbial population in marine environments. An understanding of the spatial dynamics of MGI and its controlling mechanisms is essential for an understanding of the role of MGI in energy and element cycling in the ocean. In the present study, we investigated the diversity and abundance of MGI in the East China Sea (ECS) by analysis of crenarchaeal 16S rRNA gene, the ammonia monooxygenase gene amoA, and the biotin carboxylase gene accA. Quantitative PCR analyses revealed that these genes were higher in abundance in the mesopelagic than in the euphotic zone. In addition, the crenarchaeal amoA gene was positively correlated with the copy number of the MGI 16S rRNA gene, suggesting that most of the MGI in the ECS are nitrifiers. Furthermore, the ratios of crenarchaeal accA to amoA or to MGI 16S rRNA genes increased from the euphotic to the mesopelagic zone, suggesting that the role of MGI in carbon cycling may change from the epipelagic to the mesopelagic zones. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoretic profiling of the 16S rRNA genes revealed depth partitioning in MGI community structures. Clone libraries of the crenarchaeal amoA and accA genes showed both “shallow” and “deep” groups, and their relative abundances varied in the water column. Ecotype simulation analysis revealed that MGI in the upper ocean could diverge into special ecotypes associated with depth to adapt to the light gradient across the water column. Overall, our results showed niche partitioning of the MGI population and suggested a shift in their ecological functions between the euphotic and mesopelagic zones of the ECS.
Improving the dynamic response of PV systems in microgrids by using supercapacitors

Lately, new solutions have been added to the control of autonomous grids, which improve the way the power grids operate. These changes may affect the reliability and safety of power distribution grids, the dynamic stability being a real concern. This issue is more prominent in autonomous microgrids (MGs) with high penetration of renewable energy sources. On this topic, this paper aims to study how photovoltaic (PV) power plants can provide dynamic frequency support in MGs, in order to obtain an improved stability for the entire power system. For this purpose, a supercapacitor (SC) energy storage system is integrated in the PV power plant, by this way ensuring a better control and a higher stability during the transitory regimes. The proposed solution is validated by means of simulation results.
Contribution of interleukin 17 to human cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha on chemokine production by human chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts isolated from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The expression of IL-1beta mRNA by OA chondrocytes was also assessed, as well as the presence and expression of IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) in OA chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts after stimulation with IL-17, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. DESIGN Synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes isolated from patients with OA were stimulated in vitro with IL-17, IL-1beta or TNF-alpha. Supernatants were collected and immunoassayed for the presence of IL-8, GRO-alpha (CXC chemokines) and MCP-1, RANTES (CC chemokines). The cells were used to detect the presence of IL-17R and the expression of IL-17R mRNA. Stimulated chondrocytes were also used to detect IL-1beta production and mRNA expression. RESULTS IL-17 upregulated the release of IL-8 and GRO-alpha both by synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes, and the release of MCP-1 only by chondrocytes. IL-17 was a weaker stimulator than IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, except for GRO-alpha release which was maximally upregulated by IL-1beta, less by IL-17 and minimally by TNF-alpha. When compared to IL-1beta, IL-17 was more active on chondrocytes than on fibroblasts. In chondrocytes the expression of IL-1beta mRNA was enhanced by IL-17 and TNF-alpha, with a maximum level reached by IL-1beta. IL-17 and TNF-alpha stimulated IL-1beta release in few subjects. Neither IL-17, IL-1beta nor TNF-alpha modulated the presence of IL-17R and the expression of IL-17R mRNA. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that IL-17 could contribute to cartilage breakdown and synovial infiltration in OA by inducing both the release of chemokines by chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts and, in a less extent, the synthesis of IL-1beta by chondrocytes.
A hybrid multipath congestion control algorithm for high speed and/or long delay networks

As the prevalence of producing devices equipped with multiple interfaces, the idea to enhance network resource usage by developing a multipath transmission control protocol has recently captured great attention from many researchers. Moreover, there is a considerable increase in user demand of transmitting data over high speed and/or long delay networks. Various algorithms have been proposed lately to improve the performance of end-to-end connections in such environments. However, most existing schemes belong to either loss-based approach or delay-based approach, which have well-known problems about fine-grained of load balancing achievement, or fairness, respectively. In this paper, we propose a hybrid multipath congestion control algorithm for high speed and/or long delay networks, named MCompound. As a design extended from Compound TCP, it can achieve high link utilization while remains good fairness. The performance of the algorithm shown in the simulation results is meliorated as compared to other algorithms.
Effects of a heat shock protein inhibitor KNK437 on heat sensitivity and heat tolerance in human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines differing in p53 status

Purpose: The effects of a heat shock protein (hsp) inhibitor KNK437 (N‐formyl‐3,4‐methylenedioxy‐benzylidene‐γ‐butyrolactam) were examined on the heat sensitivity and heat tolerance of human cancer cells with special reference to p53 status. Materials and methods: Human squamous cell carcinoma (SAS) and glioblastoma cell lines (A‐172) transfected with mutant p53 (mp53) or control neo genes were used. KNK437 was added in culture medium at a final concentration of 50, 100 or 300 µM 1 h before heating (42°C). Surviving fractions of cells were measured by use of a clonogenic assay. Effects of KNK437 on the accumulation of heat shock proteins and DNA binding activity of heat shock factor 1 were examined with Western blot analysis and gel mobility‐shift assay, respectively. Heat‐induced apoptotic bodies were detected by Hoechst 33342 staining. Results: The mp53‐transfected SAS (SAS/mp53) and A‐172 (A‐172/mp53) cells were more resistant to heat than the neomycin (neo)‐transfected SAS (SAS/neo) and A‐172 (A‐172/neo) cells. The constitutive amount of hsp27 was larger in SAS/mp53 than in SAS/neo cells. Clear differences in the constitutive amounts of hsp40, hsp72 and hsp90 were not observed between SAS/mp53 and SAS/neo cells. KNK437 enhanced the heat sensitivity in SAS/mp53 and A‐172/mp53 cells more effectively than in neo control cells. Heat tolerance was suppressed by KNK437 in SAS/mp53 and SAS/neo cells and also in A‐172/mp53 and A‐172/neo cells. Along with suppression of heat tolerance, KNK437 suppressed heat‐induced accumulation of both hsp27 and hsp72. Heat‐induced apoptotic bodies were enhanced by KNK437 in SAS/mp53 and SAS/neo cells. Conclusion: The results suggest a possible mechanism for the heat sensitivity of SAS cells. Heat sensitivity depends on p53 status regulating the amount of hsp27. Heat tolerance is suppressed by KNK437 through the suppression of heat‐induced accumulations of hsp27 and hsp72 and the induction of p53‐independent apoptosis.
Are Immigrant Remittance Flows a Source of Capital for Development?

There is a general presumption in the literature and among policymakers that immigrant remittances play the same role in economic development as foreign direct investment and other capital flows, but this is an open question. We develop a model of remittances based on the economics of the family that implies that remittances are not profit-driven, but are compensatory transfers, and should have a negative correlation with GDP growth. This is in contrast to the positive correlation of profit-driven capital flows with GDP growth. We test this implication of our model using a new panel data set on remittances and find a robust negative correlation between remittances and GDP growth. This indicates that remittances may not be intended to serve as a source of capital for economic development.