Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Road accident fatality risks for “vulnerable” versus “protected” road users in northern Ghana

ABSTRACT Background: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a serious epidemic that claims more than a million lives across the globe each year. The burden of RTIs is particularly pronounced in Africa and other low- and middle-income countries. The unfavorable disparity of the burden of road trauma in the world is largely attributable to unsafe vehicles, lack of appropriate road infrastructure, and the predominance of vulnerable road users (VRUs) in developing countries. However, little research exists in northern Ghana to highlight the scale and risk of death among road users. Objective: The objective of this research was to establish the relative risk of death among road users in northern Ghana. Methods: Crash data from police reports between 2007 and 2011 were analyzed for the Upper Regions of Ghana. Conditional probabilities and multivariable logistic regression techniques were used to report proportions and adjusted odds ratios (AORs), respectively. Results: Generally, crashes in northern Ghana were extremely severe; that is, 35% of all injury related collisions were fatal. The proportion of fatal casualties ranged between 21% among victims of sideswipe collisions and 41% among pedestrians and victims of rear-end collisions. Though males were 6 times more likely to die than females overall, females were more likely to die as pedestrians (90% of all female casualty deaths) and males were more likely to die as riders/drivers (78% of all male casualty deaths). Pedestrians were 3 times more likely to die (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4 to 4.1) compared with drivers/riders. Compared with drivers, the odds of death among cyclists was about 4 times higher (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI, 2.3 to 5.6) and about 2 times higher among motorcyclists (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.2). Compared with casualties aged between 30 and 59 years, children under 10 years and those aged 60 years and above were independently 2 times more likely to die in traffic collisions. Conclusion: Provision of requisite road infrastructure is vital for the safety of VRUs in northern Ghana. Cycle paths and lanes (for cyclists) as well as sidewalks (for pedestrians) in particular will separate VRUs from motorists and improve their safety. Enforcement of traffic laws particularly regarding helmet use, speeding, and alcohol use will be beneficial. Introduction of the demerit points system in the enforcement of traffic regulations may have significant deterrent effects on road users who have the penchant for violating traffic regulations. Road safety education is also required to create responsible road users.
Parvovirus B 19 infections in state of Rio de Janeiro , Brasil : 526 sera analyzed by IgM-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction

In this study were analyzed 526 sera; the patients aged from two days to 65 years old presenting exanthema, which was the most frequent symptom observed, besides fever, adenomegaly, and arthralgia. These sera were negative by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgM-ELISA) for either rubella (495), toxoplasma (41), cytomegalovirus (12), measles (40), dengue (56), and they were submitted to nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B19 DNA and commercial IgM-ELISA for B19. In 39 abortion cases, IgM or DNA were not detected, therefore they were not took into account for analysis. Specific DNA and IgM were detected respectively in 71 (14.5%) and IgM in 62 (12.7%) sera from 487 sera analyzed. IgM and DNA were simultaneously detected in 43 (8.8%), while agreement among the results by PCR and IgM-ELISA was observed in 440 (90.4%). The sera were collected from January 1999 to December 2000, most of them in 1999 (325), during winter and spring. The major number of clinical cases was observed in the age group from one to ten years old. IgM or DNA were detected in 23 from 51 municipal districts of the state of Rio de Janeiro, where the samples were collected.
About the Authors

Mining large datasets using machine learning approaches often leads to models that are hard to interpret and not amenable to the generation of hypotheses that can be experimentally tested. Finding ‘actionable knowledge’ is becoming more important, but also more challenging as datasets grow in size and complexity. We present ‘Logic Optimization for Binary Input to Continuous Output’ (LOBICO), a computational approach that infers small and easily interpretable logic models of binary input features that explain a binarized continuous output variable. Although the continuous output variable is binarized prior to optimization, the continuous information is retained to find the optimal logic model. Applying LOBICO to a large cancer cell line panel, we find that logic combinations of multiple mutations are more predictive of drug response than single gene predictors. Importantly, we show that the use of the continuous information leads to robust and more accurate logic models. LOBICO is formulated as an integer programming problem, which enables rapid computation on large datasets. Moreover, LOBICO implements the ability to uncover logic . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi. org/10.1101/036970 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jan. 15, 2016;
Efavirenz: Enhancing the gold standard

Efavirenz, the potent, once-daily non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, has been successfully used since 1996 and is still a cornerstone of antiretroviral therapy for use in treatment-naïve, treatment-experienced and difficult-to-treat patients. The efficacy of efavirenz in these patient groups has been established in many clinical and cohort studies. Furthermore, efavirenz is now available as a single 600 mg tablet, providing a simplified therapy and decreased pill burden, which may lead to improved adherence and treatment outcomes. Efavirenz has a well-characterized tolerability profile, the more notable side effects being mainly short-term and non-life-threatening, such as central nervous system disturbances and rash.
Constant-Frecuency Limiter for a Sliding Mode Control

The commutation frequency in a sliding mode control (SMC) for DC-DC converter is affected by main voltage and load variations. This problem is undesirable for L and C component design. To maintain a constant-switching frequency under variations in load and main voltage, a constant-frequency limiter based on microcontroller is proposed. This limiter is very simple and must be implemented in any type of microcontroller. Experimental results are showed using a buck converter with sliding mode control sensing the output current
The nature of immunosuppression in Trypanosoma brucei infections in mice. I. The role of the macrophage.

The functional integrity of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) in mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei was investigated with regard to its possible significance in the aetiology of the immunosuppression characteristic of this disease. In infected mice the spleens and lymph nodes were grossly enlarged, and on histological examination it was shown that the MPS of the liver, lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow was markedly expanded. Macrophages presented an active appearance and often contained cellular debris. Clearance of intravenously injected sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was increased, in that 1 hour after injection, 2–6 times more 51Cr-labelled SRBC had disappeared from the circulation of infected, compared to uninfected mice; this was due largely to an increased uptake by the expanded phagocytic system of the liver. The intrinsic immunogenic potential of individual macrophages appeared to be unimpaired as judged by the ability of SRBC-containing macrophages from infected mice to elicit a response in syngeneic normal recipient mice. It was concluded that the only evidence that immunosuppression might be associated with an altered activity of the MPS was an increased hepatic uptake of particulate antigen with a relative failure of splenic uptake. Together these might be responsible for a reduction in the concentration of antigen in the tissues of an enlarged spleen below the level necessary to initiate the formation of antibody.
Polarized secretion of PEDF from human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE promotes retinal progenitor cell survival.

PURPOSE Human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE (hES-RPE) transplantation is a promising therapy for atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD); however, future therapeutic approaches may consider co-transplantation of hES-RPE with retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) as a replacement source for lost photoreceptors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of polarization of hES-RPE monolayers on their ability to promote survival of RPCs. METHODS The hES-3 cell line was used for derivation of RPE. Polarization of hES-RPE was achieved by prolonged growth on permeable inserts. RPCs were isolated from 16- to 18-week-gestation human fetal eyes. ELISA was performed to measure pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) levels from conditioned media. RESULTS Pigmented RPE-like cells appeared as early as 4 weeks in culture and were subcultured at 8 weeks. Differentiated hES-RPE had a normal chromosomal karyotype. Phenotypically polarized hES-RPE cells showed expression of RPE-specific genes. Polarized hES-RPE showed prominent expression of PEDF in apical cytoplasm and a marked increase in secretion of PEDF into the medium compared with nonpolarized culture. RPCs grown in the presence of supernatants from polarized hES-RPE showed enhanced survival, which was ablated by the presence of anti-PEDF antibody. CONCLUSIONS hES-3 cells can be differentiated into functionally polarized hES-RPE cells that exhibit characteristics similar to those of native RPE. On polarization, hES-RPE cells secrete high levels of PEDF that can support RPC survival. These experiments suggest that polarization of hES-RPE would be an important feature for promotion of RPC survival in future cell therapy for atrophic AMD.
Improved plasma amino acids pattern following 12 months of supplemented low-protein diet in peritoneal dialysis patients

Background: Decreased plasma essential amino acid (EAA) levels, increased nonessential amino acid (NEAA) levels, and low EAA to NEAA ratio (E/NEAA) are common in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and may impact uremic complications. In the present study, we investigate the impact of keto acids–supplemented low–protein (sLP) diet on plasma amino acids (AAs) patterns in stable PD patients. Methods: This is a supplemental analysis of a previously published prospective and randomized trial. Thirty-nine PD patients selected from the original population were divided to receive either low (LP: 0.6–0.8 g/kg ideal body weight [IBW]/d, n = 13), keto acids–supplemented low- (sLP: 0.6–0.8 g/kg IBW/d + 0.12 g/kg IBW/d of keto acids, n = 12), or high- (HP: 1.0–1.2 g/kg IBW/d, n = 14) protein diets and followed for 1 year. Plasma AA patterns were assessed at baseline and 12 months using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Whereas there were no significant differences between the three groups at baseline, following 12 months, the E/NEAA had increased significantly in group sLP (0.58 ± 0.16 to 0.83 ± 0.20, p < 0.05), but was not different in either LP (0.62 ± 0.20 to 0.72 ± 0.13, p = ns) or HP (0.66 ± 0.14 to 0.74 ± 0.12, p = ns) group. This change in E/NEAA in group sLP was due to a significant decrease in NEAA concomitantly with maintained EAA levels, whereas in the other two groups, neither EAA nor NEAA changed significantly. Conclusions: A low-protein diet supplemented with keto acids significantly improved the pattern of plasma AA in prevalent PD patients.
An Interactive Design System for Water Flow Stains on Outdoor Images

Weathering and aging effects are essential for synthesizing realistic outdoor images in the field of film production and scene production. The problem here is that photographed materials do not yield desired images without editing, and manual painting requires laborintensive work as well as professional skills. In this paper, we focus on a salient aging effect, stains by water flows, and present a system that allows the user to add such stains directly and easily onto outdoor images. Our system represents a water droplet with a particle and simulates the dissolution, transport and sedimentation of deposits using particles in the regions specified by the user. In the simulation, realistic and complex stains can be obtained by accounting for the roughness of the surface where water flows. Furthermore, the user can adjust the amount of deposits according to the perspective in the image. The quick feedback of the simulation enables interactive manipulation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system through various results and user evaluations.
IV-007 - AVALIAÇÃO DOS AQÜÍFEROS DA CIDADE DE JACAREÍ - SP, ATRAVÉS DA CARACTERIZAÇÃO HIDROGEOLÓGICA DE POÇOS TUBULARES PROFUNDOS.

André Luiz de Souza Carneiro (1) Engenheiro Civil pela Faculdade de Engenharia Civil de Itajubá, Chefe da Divisão de Controle Operacional do Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto – SAAE de Jacareí Hélio Nóbile Diniz Pesquisador do Instituto Geológico da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, Professor da Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Universidade de Taubaté. Victor Hugo Alves Silva Engenheiro Ambiental pela Faculdade São Marcos Nelson Gonçalves Prianti Junior Biólogo pela Universidade de Taubaté, Pedagogo pela Unifran, Especialista em Saneamento Ambiental pela Universidade Mackenzie, e em Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos pela Universidade de Taubaté, Mestre em Ciências Ambientais pela Universidade de Taubaté, Chefe da Divisão de Controle de Qualidade do Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto de Jacareí, Professor da FAETEC – Faculdade de Educação e Tecnologia de Jacareí Carlos Gomes da Nave Mendes Professor Assistente Doutor da faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo (FEC) – UNICAMP, Departamento de Saneamento e Ambiente, Engenheiro Civil, Mestre e Doutor em Hidráulica e Saneamento pela EESC – Universidade de São Paulo USP, 1981, 1985 e 1990, Coordenador do laboratório de Estudos de Tratabilidade de Águas, Efluentes e Resíduos Sólidos – DAS / FEC/ UNICAMP
Systematic nocturnal atrial demand pacing results in high-output heart failure.

Beat-to-beat parameters of heart rate (HR), intra-arterial blood pressure (BP), central venous pressure, and derived indexes of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were recorded 18 h/day (from 1800 to 1200 h the following day) in four monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during 20 control days followed by 20 days of atrial demand pacing. The pacing rate was set at approximately 10 beats/min above the fastest hourly average HR recorded during the control period, i.e., sufficient to prevent the normal nocturnal fall in HR. Nocturnal pacing resulted in progressive weekly increases in central venous BP and arterial BP. Analyses of levels and diurnal trends in hemodynamic parameters and cardiac function curves across consecutive 5-day periods of nocturnal pacing revealed a hemodynamic pattern characteristic of high-output heart failure, which progressively increased (week by week) during the early morning hours (0500-0700). Sustained elevated left ventricular work resulting from the prevention of a nocturnal fall in HR may have been responsible for the reduction in cardiac function seen in this experimental model.
The Semitone Paradox

This article concerns a pattern of tones that provides a curious exception to the principle of equivalence under transposition. When the pattern is transposed by a half octave, the identical pitches are heard but they appear to be reversed in time. Further, the pattern in any one key is heard quite differently by different listeners. The implications of this new pitch paradox are discussed.
Use of the Psychomotor Vigilance Test in Fitness for Work Assessments

Objective: The objective of the pilot program was to evaluate the utility of the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) in aiding clinicians in making fitness for work determinations. Methods: A 10-minute PVT was incorporated into fitness for work examinations by occupational health staff at two integrated refining/petrochemical plants. Based on all evidence from the clinical examination, including PVT results, clinicians made their fitness for work determination. Results: Employees who were determined to be fit for work had significantly fewer PVT errors than did employees determined to be unfit for work or fit for work with limitations, with t(98) = −14.71, P < 0.001. Conclusions: The pilot assessed a new application of the PVT as an adjunct to occupational health evaluations focused on determining fitness for work. Results demonstrated that the PVT can be a valuable tool for this purpose.
Ultrasound-guided Chest Biopsies

Pulmonary nodules that are surrounded by aerated lung cannot be visualized with sonography. Therefore, percutaneous biopsy must be guided with computed tomography or fluoroscopy. Although this restriction only applies to central lung nodules, it has permeated referral patterns for other thoracic lesions and has retarded the growth of ultrasound-guided interventions. Nevertheless, sonography is an extremely flexible modality that can expeditiously guide many biopsy procedures in the thorax. Peripheral pulmonary nodules can be successfully biopsied with success rates exceeding 90% and complications rates of less than 5%. Orienting the probe parallel to the intercostal space facilitates biopsies of peripheral pulmonary nodules. Anterior mediastinal masses that extend to the parasternal region are often easily approachable provided the internal mammary vessels, costal cartilage, and deep great vessels are identified and avoided. Superior mediastinal masses can be sampled from a suprasternal or supraclavicular approach. Phased array probes or tightly curved arrays may provide improved access for biopsies in this location. Posterior mediastinal masses are more difficult to biopsy with ultrasound guidance because of the overlying paraspinal muscles. However, when posterior mediastinal masses extend into the posterior medial pleural region, they can be biopsied with ultrasound guidance. Because many lung cancers metastasize to the supraclavicular nodes, it is important to evaluate the supraclavicular region when determining the best approach to obtain a tissue diagnosis. When abnormal supraclavicular nodes are present, they often are the easiest and safest lesions to biopsy.
Tilt Table Testing for Evaluation of Neurally‐Mediated (Cardioneurogenic) Syncope: Rationale and Proposed Protocols

Syncope and presyncope are commonly classified as being of either cardiovascular or noncardiovascular origin (Table I). The former category (cardiovascular mechanisms) incorporates mechanisms resulting from structural cardiac and/or vascular disease as well as a diverse group of neurallymediated reflex (cardioneurogenic) syncopal syndromes. The latter (noncardiovascular mechanisms) encompasses organic central nervous system (CNS) disease, metabolic/endocrine disturbances, and psychiatric disorders. Among all causes of syncope, however, the neurally-mediated reflex syncopal syndromes are believed to be the most common, although only the 'emotional' or 'vasovagal' faint occurs frequently. Nevertheless, until recently, the diagnosis of neurally-mediated reflex syncope has relied primarily on suspicions raised during the medical history in conjunction with the exclusion of other etiologies by application of a variety of medical tests. ̂ ""^ Such an approach is time-consuming, yields primarily indirect diagnostic evidence, and fails to provide a means of assessing the impact of
Proton NMR imaging of cerebral blood flow using H2 17O

Cerebral blood flow was quantitatively mapped by monitoring the cerebral washout of H2 17O using rapid, single‐shot proton NMR imaging. H2 17O acts as a freely diffusible contrast agent for proton imaging via its scalar‐coupled term, enhancing T2 relaxation. Measured values for CBF ranged from 29 to 106 ml/min/100 g over a range of arterial pCO2 between 23 and 81 Torr. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF THE SOLS TECHNIQUE APPLIED FOR FM 0 , MANCHESTER AND MILLER ENCODING SCHEME

Encoding techniques are fetching important role in communication. Techniques like Miller, Manchester, and FM0 encoding are used in numerous applications. Each technique has different operations depends on their needs. Each and every encoding scheme are used without losing any of its parameters. This paper adopt similarity oriented logic simplification technique (SOLS technique) which merges architecture together and synchronize the operation and also DSRC technique is used to maintain the dc-balance and signal reliability. By applying both the techniques we can reduce the number of transistors and maintains the DC balance. The present work deals with obtaining an integrated architecture of FM0, Manchester and Miller encoding to overcome several drawbacks of traditional method. A universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) is used here to translate data between parallel and serial forms for communication. In this proposed approach the number of hardware components is reduced, hence results in the reduction of the overall area consumed with the added functionality in DSRC.
Progress of research in visceral leishmaniasis in the endemic area of Jacobina-Bahia 1934-1989.

O estudo do calazar em Jacobina acompanha a historia da leishmaniose visceral no Brasil: na epoca do diagnostico pos-mortem realizado pela visceroto- mia, Penna22 (1934) ja refere um caso de Jacobina; entre os 41 casos encontrados positivos para Leish- mania dos 4.700 fragmentos de figado analisados. Em 1942. Ponde, Mangabeira e
Repeated Phosphopeptide Motifs in Human Claspin Are Phosphorylated by Chk1 and Mediate Claspin Function*

Claspin is a checkpoint protein involved in ATR (ataxia telangiectasia mutated- and Rad3-related)-dependent Chk1 activation in Xenopus and human cells. In Xenopus, Claspin interacts with Chk1 after DNA damage through a region containing two highly conserved repeats, which becomes phosphorylated during the checkpoint response. Because this region is also conserved in human Claspin, we investigated the regulation and function of these potential phosphorylation sites in human Claspin. We found that Claspin is phosphorylated in vivo at Thr-916 in response to replication stress and UV damage. Mutation of these phosphorylation sites on Claspin inhibited Claspin-Chk1 interaction in vivo, impaired Chk1 activation, and induced premature chromatin condensation in cells, indicating a defect in replication checkpoint. In addition, we found that Thr-916 on Claspin is phosphorylated by Chk1, suggesting that Chk1 regulates Claspin during checkpoint response. These results together indicate that phosphorylation of Claspin repeats in human Claspin is important for Claspin function and the regulation of Claspin-Chk1 interaction in human cells.