Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consommation de caféine pendant la grossesse : retentissements maternels, foetaux, néonatals et infantiles

Introduction : La cafeine, essentiellement presente dans le cafe, le the, les boissons energisantes, le cola, le cacao et certains medicaments, est la substance psychoactive la plus consommee pendant la grossesse. Elle traverse la barriere placentaire et presente une elimination ralentie chez la femme enceinte, le foetus et le nourrisson. Les etudes animales ont mis en evidence sa teratogenicite et sa toxicite pour la gestation et la sante des progenitures. Qu’en est-il du deroulement de la grossesse des femmes consommatrices de cafeine et de l’etat de sante des foetus, nouveau-nes et enfants exposes a la molecule in utero ? Objectif : Apprecier les retentissements maternels, foetaux, neonatals et infantiles lies a une consommation de cafeine periconceptionnelle et pendant la grossesse. Materiels et methode : Une revue de la litterature a ete menee. Les criteres d’inclusion etaient toutes les etudes prospectives, retrospectives, revues de la litterature et meta-analyses publiees entre le 01/01/2010 et le 01/01/2015, disponibles sur la base de donnees PubMed et repondant aux mots-cles “pregnancy” et “caffeine”. Les articles selectionnes ont ensuite ete analyses. Resultats : Une association significative a ete retrouvee entre consommation de cafeine et risque de “petit poids pour l’âge gestationnel”, diminution du poids de naissance, leucemie aigue et obesite chez l’enfant avec une relation dose-reponse. Une association significative a egalement ete retrouvee entre consommation importante de cafeine (des 255 a 300 mg/jour) et risque d’avortements spontanes, morts foetales in utero, insulinoresistance, malformations congenitales et hyperactivite du jeune enfant. Conclusion : La cafeine n’est pas une molecule anodine pendant la grossesse. Une information des professionnels de sante et des patientes ainsi qu’une diminution de consommation de produits cafeines des le desir de grossesse et une revision des recommandations actuelles sont necessaires.
The Development of a Temporal Information Dictionary for Social Media Analytics

Dictionaries have been used to analyse text even before the emergence of social media and the use of dictionaries for sentiment analysis there. While dictionaries have been used to understand the tonality of text, so far it has not been possible to automatically detect if the tonality refers to the present, past, or future. In this research, we develop a dictionary containing time-indicating words in a wordlist (T-wordlist). To test how the dictionary performs, we apply our T-wordlist on different disaster related social media datasets. Subsequently we will validate the wordlist and results by a manual content analysis. So far, in this research-in-progress, we were able to develop a first dictionary and will also provide some initial insight into the performance of our wordlist.
Regional (14C) 2‐deoxyglucos uptake during vibrissae movements evoked by rat motor cortex stimulation

Repetitive left mystacial vibrissae movements were produced by electrical stimulation of right motor cortex (MI) with a bipolar electrode in the alert, unanesthetized rat. Regional increases of (14C) 2‐deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake were mapped autoradiographically during these left vibrissae movements. Uptake of 2DG increased in a 2–4‐mm‐diameter area about the stimulating electrode in right MI and in a smaller region in left MI cortex. Columnar increases of 2DG uptake occurred bilaterally in somatosensory cortex in the face region of somatosensory cortex (SI). Bilateral increases of 2DG uptake occurred subcortically in dorsolateral caudate‐putamen (CP) and subthalamic nucleus. Primarily right‐sided increases of 2DG uptake occurred in other basal ganglia structures including dorsal globus pallidus (GP), posterior entopeduncular nucleus (EPN), ventrolateral substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and anterolateral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Uptake of 2DG increased on the right side of the following thalamic regions: much of the ventrolateral (VL) nucleus, particularly dorsally; the anterodorsal reticular nucleus; dorsolateral posteromedial (POm) nucleus; the ventromedial nucleus; and dorsolateral parafasicular nucleus. The anterior and ventral posterior portions of VL were not activated. Caudal to thalamus right‐sided 2DG uptake increased in the medial, ventral, and lateral pontine nuclei, deep layers of superior colliculus, lateral deep mesencephalic nucleus (DMN), and nucleus cuneiformis (NCU). Uptake of 2DG increased in right rostral parvocellular red nucleus in a few animals. Discrete portions of the right internal capsule and right medial pyramidal tract increased 2DG uptake during MI stimulation.
Near‐patient assays for diagnosis of influenza virus infection in adult patients

Abstract Rapid and reliable diagnosis of influenza is essential for identification of contagious patients and effective patient management. Near-patient assays allow establishment of the diagnosis within minutes in young children, and this study aimed to evaluate near-patient assays in relation to the patient’s age. A total of 194 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza A/H3N2 virus infection, diagnosed within a prospective cohort study, were included. Cryopreserved nasopharyngeal swabs collected from these patients were tested by four near-patient assays (Binax Now Influenza A&B, Quick S-Influ A/B, Influ-A&B Respi-Strip, and Actim Influenza A&B). The main outcome measure was sensitivity of the near-patient assays in relation to the age of patients. The Binax Now, Quick S-Influ, Influ-A&B Respi-Strip and Actim assays had overall sensitivities of 19%, 18%, 26%, and 40%, respectively. The estimated sensitivity for influenza A/H3N2 virus detection in nasopharyngeal swabs was 17–56% in children 1 year of age and decreased to 8–22% in patients 80 years of age (logistic regression). The sensitivity of the Influ-A&B Respi-Strip and Actim assays decreased significantly with increasing age (p 0.014 and p 0.033, respectively (logistic regression)), a trend for decrease was observed for the Binax Now assay (p 0.074 (logistic regression)), and the low sensitivity of the Quick S-Influ assay was similar in children and adults. Less than one-fourth of diagnosed influenza A/H3N2 virus infections can be identified in elderly patients using a near-patient assay. Consequently, near-patient assays are of limited value for confirming the diagnosis when influenza is clinically suspected in adults. Antiviral therapy and additional diagnostic procedures cannot be withheld on the basis of a negative near-patient assay result, particularly in adult patients.
The Implementation and Design of a Low-Power Clock Distribution Microarchitecture

The high clock frequency of current high-performance microprocessors brings the significant challenge for the microprocessors' power. The multiple clock domain (MCD) technique is a new clock distribution technique, which retains the benefits of synchronous designs and avoids the problems due to global clock to reduce the power of the clock distribution. Most present studies of MCD are only based on superscalar architectures. In this paper, a low-power clock distribution micro-architecture, named MCDE, the MCD microarchitecture based on explicitly parallel instruction computing (EPIC) is designed and implemented. Furthermore, a series of experiments on our design have been done to evaluate it. The experimental results show that, using a MCDE microarchitecture with a fine-grained dynamic frequency scaling algorithm, can effectively decrease the microprocessor power by 40%, compared with the conventional EPIC processor with only one clock domain.
40-GHz coplanar waveguide bandpass filters on silicon substrate

We report a very simple process to fabricate high performance filter on Si at 40 GHz using proton implantation. The filter has only -3.4-dB loss at peak transmission of 40 GHz with a broad 9-GHz bandwidth. In sharp contrast, the filter on 1.5-/spl mu/m SiO/sub 2/ isolated Si has much worse transmission and reflection loss. This is the first demonstration of high performance filter at the millimeter-wave regime on Si with process compatible with current VLSI technology.
Edge-detected detail enhancement through synthesis of multi-light images

A collaborative image processing method is proposed to enhance the shape and details of a scene through synthesizing a set of multi-light images that capture a scene with fixed view-point but various lighting positions. A very challenging problem is to remove the artifacts due to shadow edges from the synthesized image. To address this problem, a simple Sobel filter based method is provided by utilizing the feature of multi-light images in which the shadow edges are usually not overlapped. A detail layer that contains the details of all images is firstly constructed by using a gradient domain method and a quadratic filter. Then a base layer is produced by using only one input image. The detail layer is finally added to the base layer to produce the desired detail enhanced image. Using this method, the details lost in the shadow of original input image can be reproduced by the details of other images and the sense of depth is preserved well in the synthesized image. Interactivities are also provided for users to adjust the appearance of the detail enhanced image according to their preferences.
Properties of Sound and the Auditory-Visual Difference in Time Judgment

Sound durations are judged longer than light durations, and this intersensory difference in time judgment is independent of psychophysical method, range of durations, response scale, and several scimulus characteristics such as wave length of light, pure-tone frequency of sound, and intensity of both kinds of inputs ( 1, 2, 3 ) . The present study explored the possibility that this auditoryvisual difference was due to the exclusive use of pure tones in previous investigations by using a white sound-white light comparison. Forty adult Ss made single stimulus judgments of the duration of white lights and sounds of comfortable intensity, ranging from . 15 to 1.95 sec. , with a . 30-sec. interval according to the method of constant stimuli. Each S judged along 9-category scales of longness-shortness (i.e., middle category 5 was mediam) or in comparison with S's concept of one clock second (i.e., middle category 5 was equal) . All Ss judged blocks of auditory and visual durations, using one of the rwo response scales, and sense mode order was counterbalanced. A detailed account of apparatus, experimental design and methods is reported elsewhere ( 2 , Exp. 11). A trend test [an extended Lindquist Type VI design ( 4 ) ] revealed a significant difference due to sense mode (F = 40.32; df = 1/520. P < .001), confirming the auditory-visual difference; white sounds were judged longer than white lights. Comparison of these results with an identical study employing pure tones and the same light source (i.e., 2 , Exp. 11) indicated an absence of a pure tonewhite noise difference and an intersensory difference of the same magnitude. This experiment provides further evidence for a stable, easily demonstrated auditory-visual difference in rime judgment characteristic of the human species. All modifications of stimulus characteristics and arrangements failed to alter the fact that sounds are lu~lgetl longer than lights (1.2, 3 ) .
CONHECIMENTO DOS ADOLESCENTES DE UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE BELO HORIZONTE SOBRE DOENÇAS SEXUALMENTE TRANSMISSIVEIS, EM ESPECIAL SOBRE O HPV

O conhecimento sobre as doencas sexualmente transmissiveis em especial o papilomavirus humano (HPV) pelos adolescentes e de fundamental importância, visto que as infeccoes por este virus tem crescido de forma consideravel nesta faixa etaria e podem estar associadas ao aparecimento de lesoes percussoras do câncer cervical. O ambiente escolar caracterizado por sua heterogeneidade, onde valores, crencas e costumes se misturam, constitui-se um lugar ideal para trabalhar sobre este assunto. O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar o nivel de conhecimento de um grupo de adolescentes sobre as doencas sexualmente transmissiveis, em especial sobre o HPV. O estudo foi realizado em uma escola situada na regiao central do bairro Barreiro de Baixo, Belo Horizonte-MG. Foi realizada uma atividade contendo questoes objetivas sobre o assunto com 271 estudantes do 1°, 2° e 3° anos do Ensino Medio, sendo 40,59% homens e 58,3% mulheres. Ao avaliar o conhecimento sobre a principal via de transmissao das DST’s 89,3% dos alunos apresentaram conhecimento significativo sobre o assunto (p=0.0002). 60,51% responderam incorretamente sobre a DST que mais acomete a populacao mundial sexualmente ativa (p<0.0001), 54,99% responderam erroneamente sobre os metodos de prevencao da infeccao pelo HPV (p<0.0001) e 52,4% tambem nao responderam corretamente sobre os metodos de prevencao primarios do câncer cervical (p<0.0001). A partir dos resultados obtidos neste estudo conclui-se que os participantes demonstraram conhecimento sobre a principal forma de transmissao das doencas sexualmente transmissiveis, porem os quesitos prevalencia, prevencao e tratamentos do HPV e do câncer cervical o conhecimento nao foram satisfatorios.
Treatment of refractory or relapsed acquired aplastic anemia: review of established and experimental approaches

In a substantial number of patients with aplastic anemia (AA), immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine A (CSA) leads to long-lasting remissions and is thus regarded as standard therapy. However, no consensus exists on how to treat refractory or relapsed AA, especially when no related stem cell donor is available. For selected patients, matched unrelated donor stem cell transplant (MUDSCT) is an option. In addition, umbilical cord blood and haploidentical donors have been considered as an alternative source of stem cells. Patients without a suitable donor may benefit from a second cycle of ATG and CSA. Alternatives are alemtuzumab and high dose cyclophosphamide, both of which induce remission in more than 50% of patients with relapsed AA. Further experimental drugs are androgens, hematopoietic growth factors (interleukins IL-3, IL-6, and IL-11 and stem cell factor [SCF]), and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-targeting agent etanercept. Clinical trials with these agents are ongoing and will explore long-term outcomes and potential beneficial effects of drug combinations.
Protective Effects of Extracellular Acidosis and Blockade of Sodium/Hydrogen Ion Exchange During Recovery from Metabolic Inhibition in Neuronal Tissue Culture

Abstract: Acidosis is a universal response of tissue to ischemia. In the brain, severe acidosis has been linked to worsening of cerebral infarction. However, milder acidosis can have protective effects. As part of our investigations of the therapeutic window in our neuronal tissue culture model of ischemia, we investigated the effects of acidosis during recovery from brief simulated ischemia. Ischemic conditions were simulated in dissociated cortical cultures by metabolic inhibition with potassium cyanide to block oxidative metabolism and 2‐deoxyglucose to block glycolysis. Lowering the extracellular pH (pHe) to 6.2 during metabolic inhibition had no effect on injury, as measured by lactate dehydrogenase release from cultures after 24 h of recovery. Lowering the pHe during the first hour of recovery, in contrast, had profound protective effects. When the duration of metabolic inhibition was lengthened to 30 min, most of the protective effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801 were lost. However, the protective effects of acidosis were unchanged. This suggested that the protective effects of extracellular acidosis could be due to more than blockade of NMDA receptors. Intracellular acidosis might be responsible. To test this, recovery of intracellular pH (pHi) was slowed by incubation with blockers of Na+/H+ exchangers at normal pHe. The two compounds tested, dimethylamiloride and harmaline, had protective effects when present during recovery from metabolic inhibition. Measurements of pHi confirmed that the blockers slowed recovery from intracellular acidosis; more rapid pHi recovery was correlated with injury. The protective effects of acidosis could be reversed by brief incubation with the protonophore monensin, which rapidly normalized pHi. These results are the first demonstration of the protective effects of blocking Na+/H+ exchange in a model of cerebral ischemia. The protective effects of acidosis appear to arise either from suppressing pH‐sensitive mechanisms of injury or from blocking sodium entry due to Na+/H+ exchange.
Sandwiched long-period gratings for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature

A simultaneous measurement of external refractive-index (RI) and temperature is presented by using a sandwiched structure of long-period gratings (LPGs). An LPG pair with codirectional coupling between the guided mode and a low-order cladding mode acts as a temperature sensor with low RI sensitivity, whereas another in-between LPG which couples the guided mode with a higher order cladding mode performs as an RI sensing element. The experimental results show such an all-LPG structure is not only suitable for use as a compact temperature-compensated RI sensor, but also convenient for fabrication.
The real structured singular value is hardly approximable

This paper investigates the problem of approximating the real structured singular value (real /spl mu/). A negative result is provided which shows that the problem of checking if /spl mu/=0 is NP-hard. This result is much more negative than the known NP-hard result for the problem of checking if /spl mu/ 0 (even exponential functions of n), unless NP=P. A similar statement holds for the lower bound of /spl mu/. Our result strengthens a recent result by Toker, which demonstrates that obtaining a sublinear approximation for /spl mu/ is NP-hard.
An Assessment Of Teaching Strategies Used In Private Pesticide Applicator Education

For many years, state cooperative extension systems have provided educational programming focused on the safe handling, use and storage of pesticides. These programs were heavily information-based (Pearson, 1987). The initial intent of this training and education program was to provide information on pesticides that would enable participants to apply and handle them correctly and safely. but these programs quickly became sessions to provide information for passing mandatory certification tests (Pearson, 1987). Training was primarily through the use of an illustrated lecturediscussion format.
Epistasis in protein evolution

The structure, function, and evolution of proteins depend on physical and genetic interactions among amino acids. Recent studies have used new strategies to explore the prevalence, biochemical mechanisms, and evolutionary implications of these interactions—called epistasis—within proteins. Here we describe an emerging picture of pervasive epistasis in which the physical and biological effects of mutations change over the course of evolution in a lineage‐specific fashion. Epistasis can restrict the trajectories available to an evolving protein or open new paths to sequences and functions that would otherwise have been inaccessible. We describe two broad classes of epistatic interactions, which arise from different physical mechanisms and have different effects on evolutionary processes. Specific epistasis—in which one mutation influences the phenotypic effect of few other mutations—is caused by direct and indirect physical interactions between mutations, which nonadditively change the protein's physical properties, such as conformation, stability, or affinity for ligands. In contrast, nonspecific epistasis describes mutations that modify the effect of many others; these typically behave additively with respect to the physical properties of a protein but exhibit epistasis because of a nonlinear relationship between the physical properties and their biological effects, such as function or fitness. Both types of interaction are rampant, but specific epistasis has stronger effects on the rate and outcomes of evolution, because it imposes stricter constraints and modulates evolutionary potential more dramatically; it therefore makes evolution more contingent on low‐probability historical events and leaves stronger marks on the sequences, structures, and functions of protein families.
An update on fluorides and fluorosis.

Decisions concerning use of fluoride in its many forms for caries prevention are more complicated now than in the past because of the need to balance these benefits with the risks of dental fluorosis. This article reviews pertinent literature concerning dental fluorosis (definition, appearance, prevalence), pre- and post-eruptive use of fluoride, esthetic perceptions of dental fluorosis, fluoride levels of beverages and foods, the Iowa Fluoride Study, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's "Recommendations for Using Fluoride to Prevent and Control Dental Caries in the United States. " Water fluoridation and use of fluoride dentifrice are the most efficient and cost-effective ways to prevent dental caries; other modalities should be targeted toward high-risk individuals.
T1 mapping: non-invasive evaluation of myocardial tissue composition by cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance is an important tool for patient care and is the best test for myocardial structure and function. Ischemia and scar imaging also provide key insights and focus attention on heart muscle – the site of most cardiac diseases. New ways of measuring abnormal muscle have been developed, including T1 mapping. Abnormal signal can be distinguished either without contrast (native T1), or post-contrast (extracellular volume measurement). Large changes occur in rare diseases (cardiac amyloidosis, Anderson-Fabry disease and iron overload) even at an early stage, while more subtle changes are seen in diffuse fibrosis where a robust test would be of major impact. This review presents the potential future clinical utility of T1 mapping – a technology to watch.