Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Physical Activity and Obesity among School Children and Adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Citation Elkhodary HM, Farsi DJ. The association between physical activity and obesity among school children and adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. JKAU Med Sci 2017; 24 (3): 13-27. DOI: 10.4197/Med. 24.3. 2 Abstract Obesity aff ects children’s physical and psychological well-being. In this study we investigated the associations of obesity with physical activity, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle among Saudi children and adolescents. A stratifi ed sample of 729 school children and 794 adolescent students was recruited. Waist circumference and body mass index were used to categorize the participants as obese and non-obese, and a structured mixed questionnaire was used to collect socioeconomic, physical activity, and lifestyle data. The results revealed that obese adolescent males (33.5%) were signifi cantly more common than obese adolescent females (13.6%, P < 0.001). Body mass index-based and waist circumference-based obesity was signifi cantly more common in private schools compared to public schools among school children and adolescents (P = 0.013 and P = 0.002, respectively). Student obesity was associated with higher parental education, especially among the school children (P = 0.006). Among adolescents, obesity was strongly associated with family income (P = 0.002) and time spent watching television (P = 0.004). Non-obese children and adolescents were considered subjectively more active than their obese counterparts (P < 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively). In conclusion, obesity was common among school children and adolescents, and was associated with private schooling, adolescent male sex, parental education, and family income. Physical inactivity and time spent watching television were important risk factors for obesity among Saudi school children and adolescents.
PHYLOGENETIC AND ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS OF H5N1 SUBTYPE ISOLATED FROM WATERFOWLS

A study was carried (1) to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of fragment hemaglutinin (HA) geneof avian influenza viruses (AIV) subtype H5N1 isolated from apparently healthy backyard waterfowls inWest Java with representative of animal and human isolates from Indonesia and some countries in Asia;(2) to find out cross-reactivity of those viruses with a standard Indonesian strain. Nucleotide sequences ofHA gene of AIV H5N1 from backyard waterfowls along with other H5N1 isolates of Indonesian and Asianorigin were aligned using with ClustalW of MEGA 3.1 program. Estimation of genetic distance and theconstruction phylogenetic tree were conducted by Neighbor Joining method and calculation of distancematrix using Kimura 2-parameter. Antigenic analysis was conducted using hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test. Result of phylogenetic analysis indicated that all viruses from backyard waterfowls form threedistinct sublineages. One lineage was located in Indonesia cluster and two lineages in Asia cluster. In thephylogenetic analysis, it was concluded that multiple introductions of AIV H5N1 to Indonesia have occurred.Six AI H5N1 viruses from backyard waterfowls (IPB1-RS to IPB6-RS) appeared to be different ancestorsthose isolated previously in Indonesia. Cross-antigenic analysis showed that nine viruses isolates used inthis study were antigenically different to Legok 2003 chicken strain of AIV H5N1. The HI titer of anti-Legok 2003 antibody with all newly isolated viruses is up to 6 log lower then the HI titer using homologstrain.
Umgang mit muslimischen Patienten

Der Koran verpflichtet Gläubige ausdrücklich, sich bei gesundheitlichen Problemen fachliche Hilfe zu holen. Vorausgesetzt, die Behandlung widerspricht nicht der islamischen Lehre. Bei der Behandlung muslimischer Personen hilft Wissen über potenziell konfliktträchtige Themen, die mit divergierenden Krankheitskonzepten des Islam einhergehen. Das reicht vom Verständnis darüber, was eine psychische Erkrankung ist, bis hin zu einem angemessenen Verhalten beim Hausbesuch. Wer den Glauben seines Patienten versteht, kann Berührungsängste abbauen und kompetenter helfen. Das Buch informiert u.a. über - vom Islam geprägte alternative Krankheits- und Heilungskonzepte, - die psychosoziale Versorgung von Muslimen in Deutschland, - empfehlenswerte Vorgehensweisen bei bestimmten Krankheitsbildern, - Erkennen und Einordnen von traumatischen Erlebnisse und Traumafolgen. Praktische und praxisbewährtes Wissen entlastet und erleichtert Helfenden die ambulante und stationäre Arbeit sowie die Reflexion der eigenen Einstellung zum Islam. Fragestellungen zu vielfach vorliegenden Traumatisierung von Flüchtlingen werden kenntnisreich erörtert.
FLICK: Developing and Running Application-Specific Network Services

Data centre networks are increasingly programmable, with application-specific network services proliferating, from custom load-balancers to middleboxes providing caching and aggregation. Developers must currently implement these services using traditional low-level APIs, which neither support natural operations on application data nor provide efficient performance isolation. We describe FLICK, a framework for the programming and execution of application-specific network services on multi-core CPUs. Developers write network services in the FLICK language, which offers high-level processing constructs and application-relevant data types. FLICK programs are translated automatically to efficient, parallel task graphs, implemented in C++ on top of a user-space TCP stack. Task graphs have bounded resource usage at runtime, which means that the graphs of multiple services can execute concurrently without interference using cooperative scheduling. We evaluate FLICK with several services (an HTTP load-balancer, a Memcached router and a Hadoop data aggregator), showing that it achieves good performance while reducing development effort.
Atividade in vitro de alguns piretróides sintéticos no carrapato Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787).

Avalia-se a resposta do carrapato Amblyomma cujennense , (Fabricius, 1787), em testes in vitro , ao tratamento com quatro carrapaticidas piretroides sinteticos: alfametrina, deltametrina, flumetrina e fenvalerato. A metodologia aplicada foi a de imersao dos diferentes estadios evolutivos (larva nao alimentada e alimentada, ninfa nao alimentada e alimentada, adultos nao alimentados e femeas alimentadas) nas solucoes carrapaticidas, e posteriormente foi realizada a analise de regressao com obtencao da concentracao de inibicao (Cl) 50 e 90. Foi observado que os estadios alimentados (larvas e ninfas) sao menos susceptiveis que os respectivos estadios nao alimentados, bem como em relacao a machos e femeas nao alimentados. Constatou-se, tambem, que a Cl 50 dos produtos testados para o A. cajennease e mais elevada que a do Boophilus microplus em face dos mesmos produtos, em testes in vitro .
ALP1 and ELP1 – novel genetic modifiers of LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 participate in Polycomb mediated gene repression in Arabidopsis

Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are involved in the inheritance of phenotypic traits by repressing the expression of target genes through binding of chromatin. In Arabidopsis thaliana several Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRCs) are active during different stages of development. Distinct components of PRCs2, such as CURLY LEAF, SWINGER and MEDEA, contain a SET-domain for the trimethylation of lysine 27 at histone 3. This trimethylationmark is bound by PRC1 which leads to stable repression of the corresponding euchromatic locus. LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) is a plant PRC1 component and an orthologue of HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (HP1) of humans, flies and yeast. Two of the PcG proteins that bind LHP1 catalyze mono-ubiquitylation of histone 2A but do not display homology to PRC1 PcG proteins in other organisms. The aim of this study is the identification of enhancers and suppressors of the lhp1 mutant phenotype to unravel PRC1 characteristics and functions in plants. Double mutants were generated with lhp1 seeds in the Col-0 background through application of EMS and selected by phenotype and quantitative real-time PCR of known PRC1 target genes. Next-generation-sequencing of backcrossed, isogenic, bulked DNA samples of candidates was conducted. This isogenic mapping-by-sequencing approach revealed causal amino acid changes for two suppressors and three enhancers of LHP1. One enhancer candidate encodes a WD 40 domain protein predicted to function as an interaction hub preferentially for nuclear proteins. A suppressor gene product has similarities to Harbinger transposases and likely contains a functional DNA-binding domain. De-regulated genes in those double mutants were analyzed via mRNA-seq, to link candidate genes to a possible function in chromatin regulation. In the suppressor the majority of de-regulated genes in lhp1 were again expressed at wild-type (WT) levels. Some genes in the enhancer were de-regulated to a greater extend, than in lhp1. MADS box transcription factors were up-regulated in lhp1 compared to WT. The up-regulation of those genes was moderated in the suppressor and higher in the enhancer. Consequently the suppressor and the enhancer were named ANTAGONIST OF LHP1 1 (ALP1) and ENHANCER OF LHP1 1 (ELP1) respectively. ALP1 and ELP1 are nuclear proteins that both interacted with LHP1 in split-YFP assays. Further, ELP1 interacted with INCURVATA 2 (ICU2), a subunit of DNA-polymerase alpha that is binding LHP1 in vitro. ALP1 and ELP1 present a possible link to epigenetic regulation. ALP1 could be a direct repressor of LHP1, while ELP1 might be part of PRC1.
Comparison of real-time PCR assays for screening of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus belongs to the normal flora. Many healthy people are colonized by the bacterium mainly in the nose but also on the skin and on other mucous membranes without showing symptoms. After damage to the skin, the bacterium can enter the wound and cause infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is resistant to b-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and methicillin. The gene that gives resistance characteristic of MRSA is the mecA-gene. MRSA strains are spread in both hospitals and in the community, and it is important to identify these bacteria with rapid and sensitive methods. In this study, Taq Man RT-qPCR was compared with SYBR Green RT-qPCR (LightCycler480, Roche) to explore which method had the best sensitivity with the least working hours. In addition, Bullet for automated DNA extraction and CAS 1200 ™ for automated pipetting of the samples were evaluated. Twelve patient isolates and 232 patient samples for MRSA screening were included in the study. The results showed that the primers were of major importance for the outcome of the amplification. It was also shown that the Ct-values were clearly lower when the Bullet, CAS 1200 ™ and LightCycler480 were combined compared with manual DNA extraction, manual pipetting and the Rotor-Gene 6000. In future, the former method will be used by the laboratory when screening patient samples for MRSA.
Modeling of growth in Lohmann LSL pullets with neural networks and nonlinear regression models

Objective. Modeling the pullet growth curve of the Lohmann LSL line, by using nonlinear model (MNL), nonlinear mixed model (MNLM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Materials and methods. An average of 33 birds, were weighed from day 21 to 196 of life for 558 individual weight records. To adjust the growth curve the following models were used: nonlinear Von Bertalanffy (MNL), nonlinear mixed Von Bertalanffy (MNLM) and artificial neural networks (RNA). The models were compared with a correlation coefficient and precision measurements: mean square error (MSE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Results. Correlation values, between actual and estimated data, were 0.999, 0.990 and 0.986 for MNLM, RNA and MNL respectively. The most accurate model based on the MAPE, MAD and CME criteria was MNLM followed by RNA. The prediction graph for RNA was similar to MNLM. The RNA performance was higher than MLN. Conclusions. The best model for the prediction of growth curves of commercial Lohmman LSL birds to 196 days of age, was the MNLM, with multiple measurements per animal at the time. RNA performance was higher MLN.
Galápagos Takes Aim at Alien Invaders

ECOLOGYScientists are waging a two-pronged assault on the goats, rats, weeds, and other exotic species that threaten the fabled archipelago's flora and fauna. In one of the most ambitious attempts ever to combat invasive species, biologists and staff of the Charles Darwin Research Station and the GalAipagos National Park Service will use a combination of brute force, high-tech gadgetry, and cutting-edge science to wipe out some alien species, make a dent in other populations, and bolster controls to keep other exotics out. The scientists believe that eradicating the most troublesome species all at once is the only way to stop the destruction of the GalAipagos.
Biological Perspectives on Human Pigmentation

Preface Acknowledgements 1. Biology of the pigment cell 2. The biochemical and hormonal control of pigmentation 3. Ultraviolet radiation and the pigmentary system 4. Functions of melanin 5. Non-cutaneous melanin: distribution, nature and relationship to skin melanin 6. The properties and possible functions of non-cutaneous melanin 7. Measurement of skin colour 8. Disorders of hyperpigmentation 9. Disorders of hypopigmentation 10. Skin colour and society: the social-biological interface 11. The evolution of skin colour References Index.
A PWM controlled simple and high performance battery balancing system

For balancing battery cells connected in a series string, a simple and high performance battery balancing system is proposed. In this system, a technique of DC to DC converter with PWM control is used for balancing all cell voltages completely. The switching surge and noise are made small by soft switching with inductor commutation. This system is suitable for electric vehicles, hand-held personal computers, UPS etc.
Sex Determination and Gonadal Development

In mammals, sex determination is a result of chromosomal constitution determined at fertilization, with females harboring XX and males XY sex chromosomes. The apparent simplicity of this system belies the intricate genetic and cellular interactions that direct differentiation of the bipotential gonadal primordium into either a testis or an ovary. These organs house, nurture, and direct the differentiation of the germ cells, which in turn are required for reproduction and for transmission of genetic information to future generations. Specification, migration, and differentiation of germ cells are controlled by the somatic cell environment. Once sex differentiation has occurred, the germ cells are directed to develop into oocytes (female) or spermatozoa (male), both highly specialized cell types. This chapter traces the key events in the genesis of the mammalian germline, and describes how genetic and cellular control mechanisms in the gonadal somatic cell lineages influence the development of germ cells.
Analisis Kualitas Layanan Website XYZ Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Webqual 4.0

E-commerce atau perdagangan elektronik, merupakan proses jual beli barang atau jasa yang memanfaatkan jaringan online atau internet. Kualitas layanan sebuah website sangat mempengaruhi jumlah pengguna yang mengakses dan juga dapat mempengaruhi kepuasaan pelanggan. Itemku.com merupakan salah satu website e-commerce terbesar dalam komunitas game di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2016, ada beberapa masalah pada itemku.com seperti kemudahan, informasi yang diberikan, dan pelayanan yang diberikan. Oleh karena itu kualitas layanan pada sebuah website sangat berpengaruh pada kepuasaan pelanggan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Webqual 4.0 dengan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Usability memiliki pengaruh terhadap kepuasaan pelanggan Itemku.com. Sedangkan Information Quality dan Service Interaction tidak mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kepuasaan pelanggan Itemku.com. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa kemudahan dalam penggunaan website dapat mempengaruhi kepuasaan pelanggan. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa Usabillity, Information Quality, dan Service Interaction secara simultan mempengaruhi kepuasaan pelanggan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemudahan, informasi yang diberikan dan pelayanan pada sebuah website secara simultan dapat mempengaruhi kepuasaan pelanggan.
El solapamiento de genes como modulador de la velocidad de evolución de los virus de ADN de plantas

Viruses are ubiquitous parasites that need their hosts to reproduce and survive and cause a detrimental effect to humans, domestic animals, wildlife and plants. As a consequence, viral infections have great socio-economic and ecological importance. In the last decades, numerous strategies for controlling viral epidemics have been developed. However, many of them became rapidly inefficient due to the appearance of mutations in the viral genome that allowed overcoming such control measures. It is thought that this is due to the rapid evolution of viruses. Thus, understanding the factors affecting virus evolution may contribute to design more efficient control measures of virus epidemics. Gene overlapping is a genetic event consisting in the codification of two genes in the same genomic region. It is widely employed by viruses to generate genetic novelty while retaining a small genome size. However, gene overlapping also increases the deleterious effect of mutations as they affect more than one gene, thereby reducing the evolutionary rate of viruses and hence their adaptive capacity. Such deleterious effect has reported for RNA viruses, which have an error prone polymerase, but has not being corroborated in DNA viruses, which have read-proof polymerases. Hence, in this work we have analysed the effect of gene overlapping in the rate of evolution of DNA viruses. Given that genome size has been shown to affect the rapidity of an organism´s evolution, we have focused on plant DNA viruses, which have genome sizes in the same range than RNA viruses, hence avoiding biases caused by differences in genome size. Sequences available in public databases from all plant DNA viruses harbouring overlapping genes in their genomes were selected. Genetic diversity (as a proxy of the speed of virus evolution) in the overlapping and non-overlapping regions was compared. We also analysed the relation between genetic diversity of overlapping genes and (i) the percentage of the gene overlapping or (ii) the genome size of each virus. Our results indicated that overlapping regions have lower genetic diversity than non-overlapping ones, as in RNA viruses. No association between the genetic diversity of overlapping genes and the percentage of gene overlapping or genome size was found. Thus, gene overlapping also reduces the speed of DNA virus evolution.
EVALUATION OF USING MINERALIZED PLASMATIC MATRIX IN OSSEOUS REGENERATION (EXPERIMENTAL AND HISTOMORPHOMETRIC STUDY ON RABBITS)

INTRODUCTION: The use of platelet concentrates is recent and its efficiency remains controversial. The mineralized plasmatic matrix (MPM), is the latest innovation of platelet concentrates (i.e. PRP and PRF). A new concept of fabricating growth factors-enriched bone graft matrix has been introduced since 2010. It utilizes altering the centrifugation speed and time to produce much larger, denser and richer fibrin matrix containing growth factors, known as Sticky bone. MPM combines the best of both worlds; its mineral phase qualifies it as an osteoconductive scaffold for bone formation while its platelet concentrate phase grants it an osteoinductive property by the slow release of growth factors. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of using MPM, compared to the use of bone graft alone, to assess the exact effect of each in enhancing the osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy adult white Albino New Zealand rabbits, after creating two osseous defects in the right femur in each. The defects (upper and lower) were divided in to two groups according to the material used for filling: Group A (Control): in the upper defect, bone graft only was added in the lateral side of the right femur. Group B (Study): in the lower defect, MPM was addedin the lateral side of the right femur. After 2 &8 weeks respectively postopertively,sacrification of the rabbits was done. RESULTS: Data collected from histologicalresults revealed that MPM enhanced bone formation where increased amount of new bone formation was observed in the study group in relation to the control group. At the end of the experimental period,the defect area was almost filled with mature bone which occupied a greater surface area in the study group. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that there was increase in the mean percentage of bone surface area in the study group in comparison to the control group. This increase was statistically significant in the 8 weeks period. CONCLUSIONS: MPM proved its effeciency in enhancement of osseous regeneration
Proteasome-mediated processing of Def1: a critical step in the cellular response to DNA damage

DNA damage can pose an irreversible steric block to RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), preventing transcription. RNAPII becomes stalled at DNA lesions, blocking normal repair. As a ‘last-resort’ mechanism to clear the stalled polymerase - and repair the damage - the largest subunit of RNAPII is poly-ubiquitylated and degraded. In yeast, this process is dependent on the Def1 protein, through a previously unresolved mechanism. Using a combination of yeast genetic, biochemical and cell biological techniques this thesis reports the molecular mechanism of Def1 in this process. Upon DNA damage induced RNAPII stall, Def1 becomes ubiquitylated and partially proteolytically processed by the 26S proteasome. This creates a biologically active, shorter form of Def1, termed pr-Def1. Removal of the C-terminus of Def1, which usually promotes nuclear export, results in nuclear accumulation of the N-terminal processed fragment. Nuclear pr-Def1 binds to stalled, mono-ubiquitylated RNAPII and recruits the Elongin-Cullin ubiquitin ligase complex, promoting RNAPII polyubiquitylation and degradation. Interestingly, Def1’s ubiquitin-binding CUE domain and a novel ubiquitin homology domain in the Elongin complex mediate this interaction. These results outline the multi-step mechanism of RNAPII poly-ubiquitylation, elucidate Def1 activation and function, and identify an atypical ubiquitin-like domain in the yeast Elongin complex.