Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified t-cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Study in 5 adults with relapsed B-cell ALL Brentjens and colleagues found that molecular remission was rapidly induced in patients with relapsed B-cell ALL using autologous T cells modified to express a CD19specific CD28/CD3dual-signaling chimeric antigen receptor (CAR; 19-18z CAR-modified T cells). Five adult patients (age range, 23-66 years) who had not previously received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) received the adoptive T-cell therapy after conditioning therapy with cyclophosphamide. Treatment consisted of an infusion of 1.5-3.0 10 autologous 19-18z CAR-modified T cells/kg. Eligible patients subsequently underwent allogeneic HSCT. Of the 5 patients, 2 had persistent chemotherapyrefractory disease after salvage therapy (63% and 70% blasts in bone marrow). Two others had achieved morphologic complete remission (CR) during salvage therapy with evidence of minimal residual disease (MRD) on deep sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and 1 patient was MRD negative after salvage therapy. All of the patients were MRD negative on PCR after adoptive T-cell therapy. Of the 2 patients with persistent refractory disease after salvage therapy, 1 achieved morphologic CR by day 11 after T-cell infusion and MRD-negative status by day 59, and the other achieved both morphologic CR and MRD-negative status by day 8. Of the 2 other MRD-positive patients, 1 was MRD negative by day 28 and the other was MRD negative at day 30 and remained MRD negative up to the time of allogeneic HSCT at 122 days. Four patients underwent allogeneic HSCT at 1 to 4 months after T-cell therapy. One patient, who was ineligible for allogeneic HSCT (due to multiple pre-existing comorbidities) and additional T-cell therapy, relapsed at
Social Media Use for Health Purposes: Systematic Review

Background Social media has been widely used for health-related purposes, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous reviews have summarized social media uses for a specific health purpose such as health interventions, health campaigns, medical education, and disease outbreak surveillance. The most recent comprehensive review of social media uses for health purposes, however, was conducted in 2013. A systematic review that covers various health purposes is needed to reveal the new usages and research gaps that emerge in recent years. Objective This study aimed to provide a systematic review of social media uses for health purposes that have been identified in previous studies. Methods The researchers searched for peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2006 and 2020 in 12 databases covering medicine, public health, and social science. After coding the articles in terms of publication year, journal area, country, method, social media platform, and social media use for health purposes, the researchers provided a review of social media use for health purposes identified in these articles. Results This study summarized 10 social media uses for various health purposes by health institutions, health researchers and practitioners, and the public. Conclusions Social media can be used for various health purposes. Several new usages have emerged since 2013 including advancing health research and practice, social mobilization, and facilitating offline health-related services and events. Research gaps exist regarding advancing strategic use of social media based on audience segmentation, evaluating the impact of social media in health interventions, understanding the impact of health identity development, and addressing privacy concerns.
Palestinian children living amidst political and military violence deploy active protection strategies against psychological trauma: How agency can mitigate traumatic stress via life satisfaction

This exploratory study assessed the association between agency and life satisfaction, as well as the potential for life satisfaction, in its turn, to alleviate trauma symptoms and reduce negative emotion in a group of children exposed to war and military violence in Palestine. Two hundred and fifty Palestinian children, who had been recruited at primary schools in urban and rural areas, and refugee camps, completed the Multilevel Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale, Children’s Hope Scale (CHS), Children’s Impact of Event Scale (CRIES) and Positive and Negative Affect Scales. We performed structural equation modelling to evaluate the effects of agency on negative emotions and trauma symptoms via life satisfaction. The participants appeared to play an agentic role in mobilizing their own life satisfaction, and the more satisfied they were with their lives, the less they suffered from trauma symptoms. In terms of clinical practice, we advocate more active and participatory approaches to fostering children’s agency, a complex construct in need of further investigation via mixed-method quanti-qualitative and ethnographic studies.
Leep1 interacts with PIP3 and the Scar/WAVE complex to regulate cell migration and macropinocytosis

Yang et al. develop a proteomics-based approach to systematically isolate asymmetrically localized proteins in Dictyostelium, through which they identify an LRR domain–containing protein named Leep1. Their results reveal that the spatiotemporal coordination of PIP3 signaling, Leep1, and Scar/WAVE complex modulates protrusion morphogenesis at the leading edge of cells.
The Impact of the Implementation of the Picture Exchange Communication System - PECS on Understanding Instructions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the implementation of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on the comprehension of instructions by children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). METHODS This is a longitudinal study (N° 0809/2018). The sample consisted of 20 children with nonverbal ASDs, 15 boys and 5 girls, aged 6 to 12 years, evaluated and diagnosed by a multidisciplinary team according to the DSM-5. For assessment of the comprehension of instructions, we used eight visual instructions and eight oral instructions, which were applied at two points in the PECS Implementation Program: early phases II and IV. The program consisted of 24 individual speech therapy sessions with the presence of a family member and followed the six phases originally proposed by the PECS Training Manual. RESULTS There was an expressive increase in the comprehension of all instructions, in the comparison between the two moments of the study; and this increase was statistically significant in six of the oral instructions (p=0.001) and five of the visual ones (p=0.002). CONCLUSION It was possible to observe the positive impact of the use of PECS in the comprehension of both visual and oral instructions, showing that this system not only provides an augmentative or alternative communication tool for the children to express themselves but also promotes significant improvement in the understanding of contextual information.
Caring for a parent with pulmonary fibrosis in Malta: The lived experiences of daughters in mid-adulthood.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive fibrotic lung disease that is on the rise globally. The disease is associated with significant morbidity and hence poses significant challenges for their informal carers, particularly daughters in mid-adulthood, who struggle with their own personal demands and that of their ill parents. Yet there is a dearth of literature on the experiences of these specific carers. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the lived experiences of daughters caring for a parent with pulmonary fibrosis within a community setting. This was explored using a phenomenological qualitative framework that was conducted between January and April 2017. Semi-structured audio-recorded interviews were conducted with six adult daughters who provided care to a parent having pulmonary fibrosis. Purposive sampling was used to recruit study participants. Transcribed data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Three main themes were extracted which communicate the essence of the daughters' lived experiences: "Walking on tiptoes", "Flooded by emotions" and "Shifts in family dynamics. " Participants described experiencing the toll of being constantly vigilant for symptoms. They also expressed a range of emotions that included guilt, helplessness and worry related to their care experience. However, these emotional struggles were suppressed in order to present an external facade of strength and control. A shift in roles was also described where the daughters became the informal carers/support for both their ill and well parent, albeit in different ways. Caring for a person with pulmonary fibrosis is an emotional and life changing experience and hence, there is the need for individualised interventions that target the unique perceptions of these informal carers.
Long-term Efficacy of Baricitinib in Adults With Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis Who Were Treatment Responders or Partial Responders

Key Points Question What is the long-term (68-week) efficacy of baricitinib, 4 and 2 mg, in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis who were treatment responders or partial responders? Findings In this long-term extension study of 2 randomized clinical trials, the proportions of 70 responders/partial responders to baricitinib, 4 mg, in the original studies who achieved a validated Investigator Global Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis score of 0 or 1 during continuous treatment were 45.7% at week 16 and 47.1% at week 68. Corresponding proportions for 54 patients receiving baricitinib, 2 mg, were 46.3% at week 16 and 59.3% at week 68. Meaning In this study, baricitinib demonstrated sustained long-term efficacy, suggesting that baricitinib may be a longer-term treatment option for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.
A comparative analysis of important public clinical trial registries, and a proposal for an interim ideal one

Background It is an ethical and scientific obligation to register each clinical trial, and report its results, accurately, comprehensively and on time. The WHO recognizes 17 public registries as Primary Registries, and has also introduced a set of minimal standards in the International Standards for Clinical Trial Registries (ISCTR) that primary registries need to implement. These standards are categorized into nine sections—Content, Quality and Validity, Accessibility, Unambiguous Identification, Technical Capacity, Administration and Governance, the Trial Registration Data Set (TRDS), Partner registries and Data Interchange Standards. This study compared the WHO’s primary registries, and the US’s ClinicalTrials.gov, to examine the implementation of ISCTR, with the aim of defining features of an interim ideal registry. Methods and findings The websites of the 18 registries were evaluated for 14 features that map to one or more of the nine sections of ISCTR, and assigned scores for their variations of these features. The assessed features include the nature of the content; the number and nature of fields to conduct a search; data download formats; the nature of the audit trail; the health condition category; the documentation available on a registry website; etc. The registries received scores for their particular variation of a given feature based on a scoring rationale devised for each individual feature analysed. Overall, the registries received between 27% and 80% of the maximum score of 94. The results from our analysis were used to define a set of features of an interim ideal registry. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify the widely divergent quality of the primary registries’ compliance with the ISCTR. Even with this limited assessment, it is clear that some of the registries have much work to do, although even a few improvements would significantly improve them.
Vincristine attenuates cardiac fibrosis through inhibiting activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Vincristine (VCR) is widely used in cancer therapies, while its benefits on cardiac fibrosis remain unknown. Here, we investigated VCR's efficacy on cardiac fibrosis and elucidated the underlying mechanism of action. Network pharmacology was employed to predict the mechanism of VCR action on cardiac fibrosis. We induced cardiac fibrosis in adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via isoproterenol (ISO) injection, then treated them with VCR or vehicle. At 10 days of treatment, VCR-treated rats exhibited a significantly lower heart/body ratio relative to those treated with the vehicle-treated. Moreover, cardiac fibrosis was alleviated in VCR-treated rats relative to vehicle-treated rats. Results revealed downregulation of mature caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in VCR-treated rats relative to vehicle-treated rats. Besides, we observed less co-localization of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) in VCR-treated compared to vehicle-treated rats. Furthermore, we cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts and exposed them to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the presence or absence of VCR. Results indicated that VCR mediated downregulation of caspase-1, IL-1β and IL18 as well as co-localization of NLRP3 and ASC relative to LPS+ ATP-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Moreover, we found evidence that VCR attenuates cardiac fibrosis by directly suppressing activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings provide novel insights into VCR's mechanism of action in alleviating cardiac fibrosis.
Prognostic Value of Tumor Associated Macrophage Markers CD163 and CD68 Immunohistochemistry in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

BACKGROUND Tumor associated macrophages have been implicated in the pathogenesis of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma and have been suggested to have a negative impact on outcome. The aim of this study is to determine the expression and the prognostic impact of CD163 and CD68 markers of the tumor associated macrophages, in the initial positively infiltrated bone marrow biopsy specimens of our subjects by immunohistochemistry and to corre¬late their expression with other clinical and laboratory prognostic factors. METHODS This study was conducted on fifty-one patients with de novo classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, presenting to the Clinical Pathology Department at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. CD163 and CD68 were detected in the initial bone marrow biopsy specimens from our subjects by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The present study included 51 patients with CHL. They comprised 24 males (47.1%) and 27 females (52.9%) with an age of 32.9 ± 14.5 years. After treatment, 33 patients (64.7%) achieved complete remission while 18 patients (35.3%) failed. Comparison between patients with CR and patients without revealed significantly lower CD68 expression [median (IQR): 30.0 (15.0 - 47.5%) versus 55.0 (43.8 - 55.0%), p = 0.003] and CD163 expression [25.0 (10.0 - 37.5%) versus 45.0 (0.35 - 55.0%)] in CR patients. Binary logistic regression analysis identified CD68 and CD163 expressions as significant predictors of CR in univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS The expressions of both tumor-associated markers, CD68 and CD163, are significant predictors of CR in patients with CHL.
Frailty among Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes in Indonesia: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Background Frailty syndrome is a predictor of all-cause mortality among older adults living in nursing homes. However, data on the prevalence of frailty among individuals living in nursing homes, particularly in middle-income countries, are limited. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of frailty and identify its associated factors among older adults living in nursing homes in Indonesia. Methods This cross-sectional study of older adults living in six nursing homes in Indonesia was conducted between May and December 2019. Data on demographic characteristics, physical activity (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly), cognitive status (Abbreviated Mental Test), nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), comorbidity, frailty state (Cardiovascular Health Study criteria), dietary pattern (24-hour food recall), handgrip strength, and gait speed were evaluated. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with frailty. Results This study recruited a total of 214 participants with a mean age of 73.68±4.30 years. The prevalence rates of frailty and malnutrition were 46.5% and 58%, respectively. The results showed that physical frailty was associated with malnutrition (odds ratio=4.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.730–10.380). Conclusion Frailty was prevalent and strongly associated with malnutrition among older adults living in nursing homes in Indonesia.
Methodological considerations in the assessment of direct and indirect costs of back pain: A systematic scoping review

Background Back pain is a common and costly health problem worldwide. There is yet a lack of consistent methodologies to estimate the economic burden of back pain to society. Objective To systematically evaluate the methodologies used in the published cost of illness (COI) literature for estimating the direct and indirect costs attributed to back pain, and to present a summary of the estimated cost burden. Methods Six electronic databases were searched to identify COI studies of back pain published in English up to February 2021. A total of 1,588 abstracts were screened, and 55 full-text studies were subsequently reviewed. After applying the inclusion criteria, 45 studies pertaining to the direct and indirect costs of back pain were analysed. Results The studies reported data on 15 industrialised countries. The national cost estimates of back pain in 2015 USD ranged from $259 million ($29.1 per capita) in Sweden to $71.6 billion ($868.4 per capita) in Germany. There was high heterogeneity among the studies in terms of the methodologies used for analysis and the resulting costs reported. Most of the studies assessed costs from a societal perspective (n = 29). The magnitude and accuracy of the reported costs were influenced by the case definition of back pain, the source of data used, the cost components included and the analysis method. Among the studies that provided both direct and indirect cost estimates (n = 15), indirect costs resulting from lost or reduced work productivity far outweighed the direct costs. Conclusion Back pain imposes substantial economic burden on society. This review demonstrated that existing published COI studies of back pain used heterogeneous approaches reflecting a lack of consensus on methodology. A standardised methodological approach is required to increase credibility of the findings of COI studies and improve comparison of estimates across studies.
Sex‐Related Embryotoxicity of Pulp Mill Effluent Extracts in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Female Leucophore‐free FLFII Strain

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to Chilean pulp mill effluent extracts on developing postfertilized medaka embryos before and after sex definition relative to sex steroids (testosterone and 17beta‐estradiol) and a wood phytoestrogen (beta‐sitosterol). Our study included 2 waterborne semichronic exposure experiments, using a 24‐h post fertilization (hpf) unknown‐sex FLFII (female leucophore free) group and a second 72‐hpf FLFII phenotypic sex‐identified group (male autofluorescence leucophore) strain of medaka embryos. Chronic exposure of both FLFII strain embryo groups showed similar delay in time to hatch and decreased hatchability. Teratogenic responses such as vertebral malformation (fusion, incomplete formation, and lack of vertebral formation process) and pericardial edema were observed in both experiments, with a high percentage related to FLFII fluorescent leucophore–identified males. In addition, high mortality associated with severe malformations was observed in male and female embryos exposed to testosterone. Our research has demonstrated that exposure to Chilean mill effluent extracts caused severe male medaka embryotoxicity (in postfertilized embryos) before and after sex definition and, irrespective of the experimental group and effluent treatment, suggests partial removal following secondary treatment. Furthermore, differences in the severity and type of teratogenic effects with previous experiments (d‐rR medaka strain), are associated with the unique phenotypes of this medaka mutant strain. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2297–2305. © 2021 SETAC
Application of a vocabulary screening instrument for children between 3- and 7-years-old: a pilot study.

PURPOSE to describe the performance of children between three and seven years of age in using an expressive and receptive screening instrument. METHODS the sample consisted of 133 children between 3 and 7 years of age, without diagnoses of neurodevelopmental disabilities or disorders. The screening was performed with the TRILHAR instrument, which includes receptive and expressive vocabulary skills. The data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman Correlation tests. RESULTS we observed a statistical difference in the groups' performance, in addition to a positive correlation between the age group and the final score in the screening. There was statistical difference in the performance on the receptive and expressive vocabulary subtests. CONCLUSION We observed difference in the performance of the groups in receptive and expressive tasks, and in the final score, with better performance for the children with 7 years. In addition, age and performance on the screening test were positively correlated, that is, the older the age, the better the performance.