Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A puzzle concerning local symmetries and their empirical significance

In the last five years, the controversy about whether or not gauge transformations can be empirically significant has intensified. On the one hand, Greaves and Wallace(2014) developed a framework according to which, under some circumstances, gauge transformations can be empirically significant, and Teh (2015) further supported this result by using the Constrained Hamiltonian formalism. On the other hand, Friederich (2015, 2016) claims to have proved that gauge transformation can never be empirically significant. In this paper, I accomplish two tasks: first, I show that Friederich’s proof is not valid, and that once it is corrected, it entails a result that is compatible with the treatments by Greaves and Wallace, and Teh. Second, I show that, despite criticism byBrading and Brown (2004) and Friederich (2015), t'Hooft's Beam-Splitter experimentis indeed a concrete realization of a case where a local gauge symmetry has empiri-cal significance. By shedding light on these two points, this paper shows that recent arguments that claim gauge transformations cannot be empirically significant are not satisfactory.
APPLICATION OF AN INTERACTIVE FEATURE-DRIVEN SEGMENTATION

 We propose a method that enables anyone to quickly set up a pattern recognition system. Based on examples our system automatically estimates the problem specific constraints that are derived from features discriminating different types of objects. The constraints are used as segmentation parameters for the Constrained Region Growing technique. Good segmentation results can be achieved; the segmentation error depends on the examples presented.
COMPLEX MODULUS AND ENERGY DISSIPATION IN DAMPED SANDWICH STRUCTURES

The equivalence of the standard method of damped normal modes and the method of modal strain energies in computation of the response of rather heavily damped sandwich structures is demonstrated. Estimation of the response of damped sandwich beams to harmonic excitation is here based on the truncated integral modal transformation in which the base functions are the modal data from the associated undamped system. This approach is in fact a reinterpretation of the concept of damped normal modes so that it allows to carry out all the necessary numerical computations only in the real domain while previous formulation required numerical treatment in the complex domain.
Pre-emergence grass weed control in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with soil applied premixed herbicides influenced by precipitations

The field trials were conducted during two winter wheat growing seasons (2013–2014 and 2014–2015, respectively) to estimate weed control, and influence of herbicides on grain yield with PRE premixes in winter wheat crops. The field trials were conducted with ‘Ingenio’ and ‘Pobeda’ winter wheat cultivars which were sowed in a well-prepared soil seedbed at a seeding rate of 220 and 240 kg ha. The experimental design was a randomised complete block with four replicates and elementary plots 25 m. The efficacy of PRE herbicides varied with treatments among weed species and periods of efficacy estimation, regions and years, respectively. Overall, the performance of the PRE herbicide premixes correlated with the weather conditions. All PRE herbicide premixes effectively reduced the dominant weed species Milium vernale, Papaver rhoeas, and Galium aparine in the Bitola region in 2013–2014, but not in 2014–2015 due to heavy rain during the first two weeks of herbicide application. In contrast, the limited precipitation after PRE application may have contributed to the poor performance of PRE herbicides in the Probištip region in 2013 compared with 2014. In the Bitola region, the lowest crop yield was obtained in plots treated with diflufenican + isoproturon (2,960 kg ha) in both growing seasons. In the Probištip region, the wheat grain yields in 2013–2014 following all PRE applied herbicides were significantly lower (between 520 and 800 kg ha) than weed-free control. In 2014–2015, diflufenican + isoproturon herbicide treatment produced the lowest yield of 2,530 kg ha, whereas chlortoluron + triasulfuronwas the highest-yielding herbicide treatment (2,820 kg ha). However, results indicated that in Bitola region comparatively higher yield were found in plots treated with chlortoluron + triasulfuron (3,450 kg ha), in both growing seasons, also in Probistip region herbicide chlortoluron + triasulfuron achieved higher yield (2,820 kg ha), in both growing seasons).
Development of High-value Traits of Dairy Cattle using Frailty Model Frailty

In order to increase profit on dairy industry in Korea, reducing milk production costs can be a good way. In this study, we will develop high-value traits of dairy cattle using frailty model with data collected from Rural Development Administration in Korea. Survival analysis is used as there are censored observations. In particular, we use frailty model to consider the correlation between dairy cattle in the same farm. Since general variable selection criterions are not applied in the semi-parametric model like frailty model, we propose a criterion for variable selection. We evaluate the performance of the proposed criterion by simulation. And, we construct a model using the criterion and predict the economic life of dairy cattle. We can think that dairy cattle whose predicted economic life will be long have a high-value traits. Finally, we look at the increase rate of the economic life of dairy cattle when selecting dairy cattle with a high-value traits.
Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) Demonstration Delivery, Take-Up, and Outcomes of In-Work Training Support for Lone Parents

"This report focuses on the delivery, take-up and outcomes of the in-work training support provided through the Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) demonstration. The ERA demonstration was designed to test the effectiveness of a programme to improve the labour market prospects of low-paid workers and long-term unemployed people. " - page 4.
Tuberculose infantil: A importância do rastreio

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major problem in public health. Every year there are about 9 million new cases and around 2 million deaths worldwide. Control of TB in children is often been neglected, as children are considered less contagious than adults. Case report: We report the case of an 2 year-old girl diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis following screening of contacts with a great-uncle who was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in the contagious phase. Comment: In children, screening of TB is important because children can act as reservoirs of the disease, with subsequent morbidity and mortality from TB in childhood.
Transparent Synchronous Data ow

Abstract There are several functional approaches to dataflow programming, produced by varying the level of abstraction of the language. The level of abstraction has immediate impact on the trade-offs between effectiveness (how easy it is to write correct programs) and efficiency (time and space costs of execution) that the language makes. In this paper we present a language for dataflow programming which operates at higher level of abstraction, by making events and the switching infrastructure transparent. To solve the problem of potentially infinite computation in cyclic dataflow networks we adopt a synchronous mode of propagation, leading to a novel language design which we call transparent synchronous dataflow (TSD). This language is semantically defined using a graph-rewriting abstract machine, which gives a cost-accurate execution model. Using it, we prove three main results: safety of execution, implementation-independent efficiency, and deterministic execution for concurrent update. We also provide a semi-naive concrete implementation as an OCaml PPX extension which we use to compare it with similar languages via benchmarks.
TENSIÓN DE HUMEDAD DEL SUELO Y FERTILIZACIÓN NITROGENADA EN MELÓN CANTALOUPE SOIL MOISTURE TENSION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON CANTALOUPE MELON

En Colima, México, el melón Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) es la principal hortaliza de exportación; sin embargo, en su cultivo la eficiencia de uso de N es baja, además, es sensible a déficits de agua. Durante 1998 y 1999 se realizaron dos experimentos con el objetivo de incrementar el rendimiento y calidad de fruta de exportación de melón, para lo cual se probaron cuatro niveles de N aplicado al suelo (0, 80, 120 y 160 kg ha-1) y tres tensiones de humedad objetivo (10, 25 y 45 kPa). Los rendimientos fueron 94.88 y 82.87 Mg ha-1 en 1998 y 1999, con un porcentaje de fruta de exportación mayor a 85%; esto contrastó con el rendimiento medio estatal de 27.0 Mg ha-1. El N sólo mostró efecto negativo sobre el tamaño de fruto (categoría 9) a niveles menores de 80 kg N ha-1 ; no hubo efecto de la interacción N x tensión de humedad del suelo. Se observó efecto lineal de la humedad sobre el rendimiento (producción total de fruta de exportación = −0.892 (H) + 83.55). La tensión estimada para producción cero fue 93.7 kPa; el abatimiento de la producción fue 0.892 Mg ha-1 por cada kPa que decreció la humedad apropiada (10 kPa). La temperatura del suelo mostró efecto sobre el tamaño de la fruta de exportación: a menor temperatura del suelo, mayor cantidad de fruta de calibres 18 y 23; en detrimento de los calibres 9 y 12. Por el contrario, a mayor temperatura se produjo menor cantidad de frutos de los calibres 18 y 23. Esto se asoció con las horas calor acumuladas durante las etapas 1 y 2, emergencia-inicio-floración e inicio-floración-amarre y redado de fruto.
EXTRACTION & EVALUATION OF ANTI-OXIDANTS FROM DIFFERENT FRUIT PEELS: A REVIEW

Fruit processing in India generate substantial quantities of waste. It had been previously reported that these wastesand by-products of fruits are an abundant source of antioxidant such as polyphenolsand they are the potential sourceof natural antioxidants and produce antioxidative compounds in order to survive and counteract with reactive oxygen species. Natural antioxidants have gained considerable interest in recent years for their role in preventing the auto oxidation of fats, oils and fat containing food products. Peels of pomegranate, lemon, apple, banana and orange etc are used as sources of natural antioxidants. Synthetic antioxidants generally used in food products like BHT and BHA are toxic and may cause health hazards. Fruit peels like pomegranate, lemon, apple, banana and orange etc are normally wasted during fruit processing thus a proper waste utilization of these peels are done. Natural antioxidants could be added to any food product containing fat and oil to increase their shelf life by preventing rancidity. Natural antioxidants have gained considerable interest in recent years for their role in preventing the auto oxidation of fats, oils and fat containing food products. Different studies conducted on peels revealed the presence of important constituents, which can be used for pharmacological or pharmaceutical purpose. Number of components having activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, ant proliferative etc. have been isolated from different peels. The present paper reviews the role of fruits peels as therapeutic agents.
Tooth Loss and Chewing Dysfunction as Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia

The population of the world is growing and people are living longer. Today 32 % of the population is over the age of 60 and 46.8 million people worldwide have cognitive impairment or dementia [1]. This is a serious challenge in healthcare. Reducing risk factors for developing dementia is crucial and recent studies have identified that tooth loss and mastication or chewing dysfunction have been associated with cognitive decline [1]. Research has demonstrated that effective chewing maintains hippocampus-dependent cognitive function by increasing cerebral cortical blood flow necessary for learning, memory, and for hippocampal cell neurogenesis [2,3]. Tooth loss is also a source of chronic stress and involves the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that increases circulating corticosterone associated with spatial learning deficits [4]. Additionally, tooth loss affects the trigeminal sensory pathway that is linked to learning and memory [4]. The following is a discussion of tooth loss and its effect on cognition. These are important and surprising findings that present as modifiable risk factors that can impact the quality of life for the geriatric population.
Working on the edge : positive organisational scholarship in healthcare (POSH) and looking for what’s good in healthcare

As part of a larger research program on brilliant healthcare, this paper introduces positive organisational scholarship (POS) and discusses how it has influenced a new approach to theory and research in healthcare, titled POSH. The paper outlines how appreciative inquiry, a key approach in POSH, was used to inform an investigation of what is good in healthcare. Reflective practice is discussed as the central methodology used to explore public domain narrative evidence. The paper illustrates the use of reflective practice and introduces new understandings and insights garnered from using POSH. The paper concludes with a consideration of the implications of a POSH agenda for researchers and practitioners.
A Critical Review of Next Generation Data Centers

Demand for higher bandwidth is increasing as the day progresses. Current electronic switching used in data centers are now facing bottleneck to match data rates. To alleviate such problem, fiber optic technology is used in backbone network, and switching is still performed using electronic circuitry after performing O/E conversion. However, till recent past, data transfer technology heavily relies on electronics. Therefore, researchers propose the used of both electrical and optical technology for high speed data transfer. Data center technology is emerging over the period of time. However, due to the commercial un-availability of tunable wavelength converters all-optical data centers is not feasible till date. In the recent past many data centers core switch designs are proposed, which uses both electronic packet switching (EPS) and optical circuit switching (OCS) depending on network requirements, and rate at which data arrives. This paper presents the overview of the recently proposed data centers design along with their pros and cons. This paper reviews both well established and up-coming data centers design which can be considered as near future designs.
Dependency Representations for Lexical Segmentation

This paper investigates the use of dependency structures to represent lexical seg-mentations including shallow multiword expressions, independently of any syntactic structure. We compare our hierarchical segmenter on several corpora with sequence labelers. Experimental results show comparable scores for ﬂat structures, and open new perspectives for hierarchical representations of deeper constructions, such as nested and interleaved multiword expressions
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation alleviates experimental Sjögren's syndrome through IFN-β/IL-27 signaling axis

Rationale: Although mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been proved to be an effective therapeutic approach to treat experimental Sjögren's syndrome (SS), the detailed underlying mechanisms remains unknown. IL-27 has diverse influences on the regulation of T cell differentiation and was involved in SS through modulating immune response. Here we aimed to explore whether IL-27-mediated regulation of immune cells was responsible for the beneficial effects of MSC transplantation on SS. Methods: The SS-like symptoms were evaluated in IL-27 deficient and recombinant IL-27-treated NOD mice. The MSCs were infused into NOD mice via the tail vein. The histological features of submandibular glands, saliva flow rate and serum IL-27 were examined. The effects of MSCs on the IL-27 production and Th17/Treg cell in SS patients and mice in vitro and in vivo were determined for the mechanistic study. Results: This study showed that SS patients had decreased IL-27 level and increased ratio of Th17/Treg cells. Consistently, exacerbated SS-like symptoms were observed in IL-27 deficient NOD mice, along with increased ratio of Th17/Treg cells. Importantly, MSC transplantation alleviated SS-like symptoms by elevating the level of IL-27 to restore Th17/Treg balance in NOD mice. Mechanistically, MSC-secreted interferon-β (IFN-β) promote dendritic cells to produce IL-27. Conclusions: Thus, we have revealed a previously unrecognized function of MSC-mediated IL-27 production by DCs in suppressing SS-like syndrome, which provided evidences for clinical application of MSC in patients with SS.
Curing the Curse of Non-Recursiveness in Structural Causal Models

Structural causal models (SCMs) are widely used for causal modeling purposes (Pearl, 2009; Spirtes et al., 2000). In these models, the causal relationships are expressed in the form of deterministic, functional relationships, and the probabilities are introduced through the assumption that certain variables are exogenous. Usually one assumes that the structural equations of the SCM should have a unique solution (Pearl, 2009), which we call the unique solvability property. This property is needed in order to define the SCM in terms of a unique set of random variables. Acyclic SCMs, also known as recursive structural equations models, form a special class for which this property always holds. They have several other interesting properties, one of which is that acyclicity is preserved under perfect interventions, and hence, for this class, unique solvability is preserved under such interventions. However, in the cyclic setting this property of unique solvability is not preserved under interventions, which means that an SCM initially described by a set of random variables may not be defined anymore after performing an intervention. Moreover, in a non-uniquely solvable SCM it may happen that the functions of the variables are well-defined, but they lack measurability, meaning that they do not define a set of random variables. This makes SCMs in the cyclic setting a notoriously more difficult class than the class of acyclic SCMs.
Laparoscopic resection of choledochal cysts in adults: a series from Turkey.

Objectives Choledochal cyst is a congenital disease in which surgical treatment is preliminary because of the potential for malignancy. In recent years, increase in technological developments and laparoscopic experience have popularised the use of laparoscopy in adult choledochal cyst surgery. This study aimed to present the results of eight adult patients undergoing laparoscopic choledochal excision surgery. Material and Methods Patients who underwent laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision and hepatico-jejunostomy anastomoses between the years 2013 and 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic characteristics, preoperative and postoperative findings, pathological results and final condition of the patients were examined. Results Of the eight patients, three were males and five were females. Median age was 41.5 years (22-49). One of the patients had Type IVa and the rest had Type I choledochal cysts. Laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision, cholecystectomy, and hepatico-jejunostomy anastomoses were performed on all of the patients. One patient was converted to open surgery. Three patients had postoperative biliary leakage. Duration of the operations was determined as median 330 (240-480) minutes and blood loss was 50 (10-100) mL. Hospitalization of the patients was median 6 (4-23) days and follow-up time was median 20 (2-65) months. In the late period, cholangitis occured in a patient who was treated with medical therapy and there was no mortality in the follow-up period. Conclusion We suggest that laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision in adults may be an alternative to open surgery due to the satisfactory results in the late period in spite of early problems like self-limiting bile leakage.
Comparación de la efectividad de dos esquemas de anestesia con remifentanyl en el control hemodinámico de pacientes sometidos a cirugía abdominal mayor

Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad entre dos esquemas de anestesia con remifentanyl en el control hemodinamico de pacientes sometidos a cirugia abdominal mayor. Material y metodos: Se realizo un ensayo clinico controlado no cegado en 76 pacientes de 15 a 65 anos de edad con ASA I/II, seleccionados por muestreo de casos consecutivos de la poblacion programada para cirugia abdominal mayor en el Hospital General de Salamanca. Los sujetos fueron asignados aleatoriamente para recibir anestesia general intravenosa total con propofol/remifentanyl (grupo I) o anestesia general balanceada con desflurano/remifentanyl (grupo II). Se evaluo la presion arterial sistolica, diastolica y media, la FC y la SpO2 en los diferentes tiempos de la anestesia, asi como los tiempos de emergencia y recuperacion. Realizamos t de Student no pareada y ANOVA de mediciones repetidas para la comparacion entre grupos con prueba post-hoc de Duncan HSD y Bonferroni. Resultados: La PAM durante el periodo de mayor estimulo quirurgico fue significativamente mayor en el grupo II (t = 3.441, p = 0.001). Se logro un mejor control hemodinamico y fue mas facil mantener el control sobre la profundidad anestesica con el esquema propofol/ remifentanyl. Los tiempos de apertura ocular (z = 1.36, p = 0.17) y de orientacion fueron similares (z = 0.50, p = 0.61). Las velocidades de infusion (t = 0.844, p = 0.401) y las concentraciones plasmaticas de remifentanyl utilizadas en los dos grupos fueron similares (t = 1.101, p = 0.274). Conclusiones: El comportamiento hemodinamico transoperatorio de los pacientes sometidos a cirugia abdominal mayor fue muy similar en ambos esquemas anestesicos con una recuperacion rapida y predecible.
Neurovascular imaging: MRI & microangiography

Edited by Takahashi. Shoki, 1st Edition, 2010, x, 515 p. 344 illus. , 77 in color, Hardcover, ISBN: 978-1-84882-133-0 ‘Be sure to grasp the tip of the tail of the horse that is flying in space and time’, reads the Japanese inscription in editor Shoki Takahashi's illustration that introduces his preface. Clinicians must constantly strive to keep abreast of rapidly advancing non-invasive imaging developments that provide increasing neurovascular anatomical detail. Shoki Takahashi has brought together Japanese experts in Neurovascular Imaging: MRI & Microangiography to produce a timely review of neurovascular anatomy and pathology applicable to rapidly advancing modern MRI. This compact 515-page book is divided into three parts—Part I: ‘Normal Anatomy of Brain Vessels’, Part II: ‘Neurovascular Imaging in Pathology’, and Part III: ‘Anatomy and Imaging of Spinal vessels’. The chapters in Part I include ‘The Main Trunks and Major Arteries of the Cerebrum’, ‘Basal Perforating Arteries’, ‘Infratentorial Arteries’, ‘Perforating Branches …