Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep-related breathing and sleep-wake disturbances in ischemic stroke

Background: Sleep-related breathing disturbances (SDB) and sleep-wake disturbances (SWD) are often neglected in stroke patients. Recent studies suggest that they are frequent and have an impact on stroke outcome. Methods: We review current knowledge about frequency, clinical presentation, and consequences of poststroke SDB and SWD, and discuss treatment options. Results: SDB, presenting with obstructive, central, or mixed apneas, is present in 50%–70% of stroke patients. We recommend screening for SDB in all stroke patients by respirography. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice for obstructive SDB, which reverses the vascular risk of the patients. In the absence of controlled trials, CPAP treatment should be reserved for patients with severe obstructive SDB, daytime symptoms (e.g., sleepiness), or high cardiovascular risk profile. Oxygen and adaptive servoventilation may be used for central SDB. SWD including insomnia, disturbances of wakefulness (hypersomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue), sleep-related movement disorders (restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movements during sleep), and parasomnias (REM sleep behavior disorder) are found in 10%–50% of patients. SWD are associated with cognitive disturbances and may compromise neurologic recovery. Hypnotics and sedative antidepressants may aggravate SDB and neurologic recovery and should be used with caution. For disturbances of wakefulness, dopaminergic drugs, modafinil, or activating antidepressants may be considered. Poststroke sleep-related movement disorders can be treated with dopaminergic drugs; REM sleep behavior disorder with clonazepam. Conclusions: Sleep-related breathing disturbances and sleep-wake disturbances are frequent conditions that affect stroke outcome. In view of existing treatment options, these conditions deserve the neurologist's awareness.
Genetic Variation Among Major Sockeye Salmon Populations in Kamchatka Peninsula Inferred from SNP and Microsatellite DNA Analyses

Sockeye salmon samples from six populations from Kamchatka Peninsula were tested for polymorphism at six microsatellite (STR) and forty-five single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. These populations included the five largest populations in the region. Statistically significant genetic differentiation among the local populations from this part of the species range examined was demonstrated. The STR variability points to pronounced genetic divergence of the populations from two geographical regions, Eastern and Western Kamchatka. The results of SNP analysis further revealed that the populations of the two northern Kamchatka rivers (Palana River and Pakhacha River) differed significantly from the other populations studied. We estimated the efficiency for both types of markers for individual assignment of fish taken in mixtures. Accuracy was generally higher for assignment with SNP data; however, pooling of the STR and SNP data sets provided higher accuracy than with either one alone.
Observer variability in the assessment of clinical probability in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism

-dimer assay in patients with cancer who present with. sus-pected acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann. Intern. Med. 1999; 131:417–423.10 Corash L. Laboratory evaluation of hemostasis. In: Laros, RK Jr, ed.BloodDisordersinPregnancy. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1986:p. 125–50.11 Gatti L, Tenconi PM, Guarneri D, Bertulessi C, Ossola MW, . BoscoP, Gianotti GA. Hemostatic parameters and platelet. activation byﬂow-cytometry in normal pregnancy: a longitudinal study. Int.J.Clin.Lab. Res. 1994; 24: 217.
HEX, PAX‐8 and TTF‐1 gene expression in human thyroid tissues: a comparative analysis with other genes involved in iodide metabolism

Objective Benign and malignant thyroid tumours are characterized by alterations of the expression level of thyroid‐specific genes involved in the iodide metabolism. Imbalance in the levels of transcription factors has been recognized as a critical molecular event in the development of neoplasm. The delineation of eventual correlations existing between the expression of transcription factors and of putative target genes in physiological and pathological conditions could be relevant to better understand tumorigenesis.
Evolutionary dynamics of HIV‐induced subversion of the immune response

Summary: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression is characterised by a slow but steady decline in the number of CD4+ T cells. It results in the development of AIDS when the immune response collapses and the virus grows uncontrolled. Pathogenicity of HIV may be due to viral escape from cellular immune responses as well as virus‐induced immune impairment. Here we discuss how the dynamic interactions between the virus population and the immune response may lead to the development of AIDS. In particular we argue that in vivo evolution of HIV may be the driving force successively weakening the immune system. This may lead to increased levels of viraemia as well as to the evolution of more virulent phenotypes which indicate progression to AIDS. These insights are important for understanding the disease process itself and for designing effective treatment regimes.
Structure of pAL5000, a plasmid from M. fortuitum and its utilization in transformation of mycobacteria.

We have developed a gene cloning system for mycobacteria. Based on the nucleotide sequence determined for the M. fortuitum plasmid pAL5000, we have constructed an E. coli/mycobacteria shuttle vector. This vector, pAL8, is composed of pAL5000, pTZ19R (an E. coli plasmid) and a kanamycin resistance gene (from Tn903). We were unable to obtain viable kanamycin resistant pAL8 transformants of M. smegmatis using a PEG-mediated DNA uptake system, in spite of the fact that we could show efficient DNA uptake by transfection using the mycobacterial lytic phage D29. However, kanamycin resistant transformants of M. smegmatis or BCG could be obtained by electroporation. This plasmid cloning system provides a tool for studies of the expression of cloned genes (e.g. virulence) or epitopes in mycobacteria and allows the rational construction of recombinant BCG polyvalent vaccines.
Interaction between opiate subtype and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists in suppression of noxiously evoked activity of WDR neurons in the spinal dorsal horn.

Several studies have demonstrated synergistic antinociception following low-dose administration of morphine and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists at the spinal level. This study was carried out in order to identify the opiate subtypes that are likely to be involved in such synergistic suppression of noxiously evoked activity of wide-dynamic-range (WDR) neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We also examined the effect of opiate antagonists and alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists on the suppression produced by opiate or alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. Extracellular activity of single WDR neurons in the spinal dorsal horn, which was evoked by a radiant heat stimulus (51 degrees C), was recorded in decerebrate, spinally transected cats. Agonists were administered spinally and antagonists intravenously. In the synergism study, ineffective doses of the moderately selective mu agonist morphine (25 micrograms), the delta agonist DADL (20 micrograms), and the selective delta agonist DPDPE (30 micrograms), when combined with an ineffective dose of the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist clonidine (5 micrograms) produced significant synergistic suppression of noxiously evoked WDR neuronal activity. However, the ineffective or slightly effective dose of the selective mu agonist DAGO (1 or 1.5 micrograms, respectively) did not show any synergistic action with clonidine. Furthermore, the synergism between morphine and clonidine was reversed by the selective delta antagonist ICI 174,864. We interpret these results to indicate that opiates interact at spinal delta receptors to produce a synergistic suppression of evoked WDR neuronal activity in the presence of spinal clonidine. An alternative explanation is that ICI 174,864 may interact in some way with alpha-adrenergic systems. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The cellular kinetics of the immune response in pyelonephritis.

Abstract Experiments were performed using a modified hemolysis in gel procedure to study the immune response in pyelonephritis. Escherichia coli pyelonephritis was induced in rats by direct inoculation of bacteria into the kidney, and the cellular kinetics of the immune response were studied. Pyelonephritis resulted in a marked increase in the activity of antibody-forming cells; as the infection progressed, antibody-producing cells were found in the infected kidney associated with areas showing histologic evidence of pyelonephritis. An increase in circulating antibody (IgM) was shown following infection. Serum antibody levels in antibiotic-treated pyelonephritic animals did not differ from animals not treated. Serum antibody levels were maintained in the pyelonephritic animals despite the removal of infected kidneys and spleens.
B‐type natriuretic peptide as an indicator of right ventricular dysfunction in acute pulmonary embolism *

Objective: B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a neurohormone secreted from cardiac ventricles in response to ventricular strain. The aim of present study was to evaluate the role of BNP in the diagnosis of the right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in acute pulmonary embolism (PE).
Will This Trip Really Be Exciting? The Role of Incidental Emotions in Product Evaluation

Two studies examine how different emotions of the same valence influence product evaluation when products make specific emotional claims. Vacation products with adventurous (serene) appeals were evaluated more favorably when participants felt excited (peaceful) rather than peaceful (excited). This emotion-congruency effect was not observed when participants were aware of the incidental nature of their feelings (study 1) and was mediated by the influence of feelings on participants' expectations that the product will deliver what it promises (study 2). The findings show that consumers differentiate between distinct positive emotions and use them as information in assessing a product's emotional claims. (c) 2009 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.
Vulval Varicose Veins in Pregnancy

It is suggested that y-radiation at 200 C. or at 150 C. is an unsatisfactory sterilizant for arterial homografts. The tensile strength measurements were carried out by one of us (A. V. P.) in the Department of Textile Industries of the University of Leeds. We are greatly indebted to Professor J. B. Speakman and Mr. W. J. Onions for their help and advice. REFERENCES Buchanan, J. L. , and Marrangoni, A. G. (1955). Surgery, 38, 999. Flewett, T. H. , Zinnemann, K. S. , Oldfield, M. W. C. , Shucksmith, H. S. , and Dexter, F. (1955). Laneet, 1, 888. Meeker, I. A. , and Gross, R. E. (1951a). Surgery, 30, 19. (1951b). Science, 114, 283. Zinnemann, K. (1957). Univ. Leeds med. J., 6, 116.
A receptor molecule for estrogens: isolation from the rat uterus and preliminary characterization.

9 Black, P. H. , W. P. Rowe, H. C. Turner, and R. J. Huebner, these PROCEEDINGS, 50, 1148 (1963). 10 Habel, K. , Virology, 25, 55 (1965). 11 These calculations are based on 10-11 gm of DNA per cell and molecular weights of 2:3 X 106 for adenovirus DNA and 3 X 106 for polyoma and SV40 virus DNA's (Green, M., in Viral and Rickettsial Infections of Man, ed. Horsfall and Tamm (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1965), 4th ed., chap. 6. 12 Winocour, E. , Virology, 25, 276 (1965). 13 Axelrod, D. , K. Habel, and E. T. Bolton, Science, 146, 1466 (1964). 14 Winocour, E. , Virology, 27, 520 (1965). 11 Girard, M. , H. Latham, S. Penman, and J. E. Darnell, J. Mol. Biol., 11, 187 (1965). 16 Latham, H. , and J. E. Darnell, J. Mol. Biol., 14, 1 (1965). 17 Strohl, W. A. , H. C. Rouse, and R. W. Schlesinger, Virology, 21, 513 (1963). 18 Todaro, G. J., K. Habel, and H. Green, Virology, 27, 179 (1965). 19 Pifia, M. , and M. Green, unpublished data. 20 Eagle, H. , Science, 130, 432 (1959). 21 Dulbecco, R. , and M. Vogt, J. Exptl. Med., 99, 167 (1954).
[A novel member of SH(2) signaling protein family: cloning and characterization of SH(2)A gene].

OBJECTIVE Cloning and characterization of a novel gene by exon trapping and exon linking at chromosome 8p22. METHODS A novel gene was cloned using exon trapping and exon linking, and its expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot. RESULTS A sequence containing 3 exons was found. The sequence is homologous with the putative gene AK024799 which consists of 2880 bp cDNA with 1362 bp open reading frame and codes 454 amino acids with an SH(2) domain. The gene was named SH(2)A at chromosome 8p22. SH(2)A gene is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues with three transcripts. The aberrant expression of SH(2)A gene in some cancers was detected. CONCLUSION SH(2)A is a novel docking protein of SH(2) signaling protein family, which may play an important role in cellular signal transduction. It relates to the pathogenesis of tumor.
IMRT: a review and preview

The very first cornerstone paper on intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) was published in Physics in Medicine and Biology, and many seminal IMRT works have since appeared in this journal. Today IMRT is a widely used clinical treatment modality in many countries. This contribution to the 50th anniversary issue reviews the physical, mathematical, and technological milestones that have facilitated the clinical implementation and success of IMRT. In particular, the basic concepts and developments of both IMRT treatment planning (‘inverse planning’) and the delivery of cone-beam IMRT with a multileaf collimator from a fixed number of static beam directions are discussed. An outlook into the future of IMRT concludes the paper.
Awareness , Knowledge and Attitude towards Glaucoma in Rural Eye Camps of Karimnagar , Telangana – A Questionnaire Based Study

Materials and Methods: A questionnaire based study with a sample size of 8000 randomly selected from people in surrounding villages of Karimnagar through health camps from the institute, and were interviewed face to face with a pre structured questionnaire. The questionnaire is to evaluate level of awareness and knowledge about glaucoma and their attitude towards importance of screening for the disease.
Single-cuff forearm tourniquet in intravenous regional anaesthesia results in less pain and fewer sedation requirements than upper arm tourniquet.

BACKGROUND A limitation of Bier's block or i.v. regional anaesthesia (IVRA) is tourniquet pain. We hypothesized that tourniquet placement on the forearm vs upper arm during IVRA for distal upper extremity surgery may result in less tourniquet pain, lower the need for analgesic interventions, and decrease post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) admission. METHODS Patients for distal upper extremity surgery were randomized into upper or forearm single-cuff tourniquet placement. IVRA was either performed with 15 ml of 2% lidocaine and 20 mg ketorolac in the upper group or 8 ml of 2% lidocaine and 10 mg ketorolac in the forearm group. Vital signs and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were recorded. If VAS score was >4, 50 µg fentanyl was injected. If the patient had VAS scores >6 with fentanyl, deep sedation with propofol was administered. RESULTS Twenty-eight subjects were in each group. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics, tourniquet time, or pressure between the groups. Ten patients in the forearm vs 27 in the upper arm group had a VAS score >4. The mean fentanyl use was 30 µg in the forearm group vs 104 µg in the upper arm group. One patient in the forearm group required propofol vs 22 in the upper arm group. PACU bypass to phase 2 recovery occurred 19 times in the forearm group vs zero times in the upper arm group (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the placement of the tourniquet on the forearm resulted in less discomfort, fewer sedation interventions, and greater likelihood of bypassing the PACU when compared with upper arm tourniquet.
Cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures in pseudotumor cerebri

We reviewed the efficacy of CSF diversion for pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) in patients from six different institutions. Thirty-seven patients underwent a total of 73 lumboperitoneal shunts and nine ventricular shunts. Only 14 patients remained “cured” after a single surgical procedure. The average time between shunt insertion and shunt replacement was 9 months, although 64% of shunts lasted less than 6 months. Shunt failure (55%) and low-pressure headaches (21%) were the most common causes for reoperation. The vision of most patients improved (13) or stabilized (13) postoperatively. However, three who had initially improved subsequently lost vision. Six had a postoperative decrease in vision. Two patients improved in one eye but worsened postoperatively in the other. Four lost vision despite apparently adequate shunt function. Shunt failure with relapse of PTC occurred as late as 7 years after insertion. CSF diversion procedures have a significant failure rate as well as a high frequency of side effects.
Albumin Aggregates: Hydrodynamic Shape and Physico-Chemical Properties

Although albumin was known for more than a century, little is known about its tertiary structure. At present two models are known to represent its molecular conformation: the heartshaped and the prolate ellipsoid. Our results support the prolate ellipsoid model for albumin in slightly alkaline solution. Albumin in solution exists as a monomer and higher aggregates. We isolated the monomer, dimer, tetramer, and hexamer of bovine serum albumin by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroelution. The monomer was stable for 5 months at 8 o C, whereas the dimer and tetramer dissociated into smaller forms within few hours after their separation but no higher aggregates were detected. Albumin forms are surrounded by about three layers of water, with Stokes’ radii of 3.55, 4.34, 5.18, and 5.85 nm for monomer, dimer, tetramer, and hexamer, respectively. The effective negative charge and density of surface charge (- esu.cm -2 ), respectively, were 14 and 4244 (monomer), 12.3 and 2495 (dimer), and 10.2 and 1452 (tetramer). The translational diffusion coefficients were 5.88, 4.81, 4.03, and 3.57 cm 2 . s -1 for monomer, dimer, tetramer, and hexamer, respectively. Other physico-chemical properties were calculated such as: frictional coefficient, sedimentation coefficient, electrophoretic mobility, volume of hydrated and unhydrated molecules.
Muscle injury rates in professional football increase with fixture congestion: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study

Background The influence of fixture congestion on injury rates and team performance has only been scarcely investigated. Aim To study associations between recovery time and match load and injury rates and team performance in professional football. Methods Exposure and time loss injuries were registered prospectively from 27 teams over 11 seasons. Matches were grouped according to recovery days before each match (≤3 vs >3 days, and ≤4 vs ≥6 days). Injury rates and team performance were compared between groups. Match load in match sequences containing five consecutive matches was determined by the number of days separating the first match and the last training session during that match sequence. Linear regression was used to study associations between match load and injury rates and team performance. Results Team performance showed no association with match load, or recovery days prior to matches, except for Europa League matches that indicated more matches lost with short recovery (≤3 days) (p=0.048). Total injury rates and muscle injury rates were increased in league matches with ≤4 days compared with ≥6 days’ recovery (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.18, and RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.51, respectively), specifically hamstring and quadriceps injuries. High match load was associated with increase in muscle injury rate in matches in the same match sequence (p=0.012), and increase in ligament injury rate in training in the subsequent match sequence (p=0.003). Conclusions Fixture congestion was associated with increased muscle injury rates but had no, or very limited, influence on team performance.
Contactless power transmission with new secondary converter topology

An innovative solution to slip rings and plug connectors is the contactless energy transmission system which is aligned to resonance. For an efficient energy transmission high frequencies (around 100 kHz) as well as an operation in resonance is useful. Some applications need a single-phase (50 Hz) supply a new energy conversion principle can be used to solve the problem. This paper describes a new converter topology and the development of the necessary control signals for the secondary and the primary circuit which provides a single-phase 50 Hz voltage on the secondary side without a need for a DC link. Moreover, practical tests and measurements are presented.
Highly scalable nonvolatile resistive memory using simple binary oxide driven by asymmetric unipolar voltage pulses

Simple binary-TMO (transition metal oxide) resistive random access memory named as OxRRAM has been fully integrated with 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS technology, and its device as well as cell properties are reported for the first time. We confirmed that OxRRAM is highly compatible with the conventional CMOS process such that no other dedicated facility or process is necessary. Filamentary current paths, which are switched on or off by asymmetric unipolar voltage pulses, made the cell properties insensitive to cell or contact size promising high scalability. Also, OxRRAM showed excellent high temperature performance, even working at 300/spl deg/C without any significant degradation. With optimized TMO material and electrodes, OxRRAM operated successfully under 3V bias voltage and 2mA switching current at a TMO cell size smaller than 0.2/spl mu/m/sup 2/.
Mutations of the EPHA2 receptor tyrosine kinase gene cause autosomal dominant congenital cataract

Congenital cataracts (CCs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Mutations in the same gene may lead to CCs differing in inheritance, morphology and severity. Loci for autosomal dominant posterior polar CC and total CC have both been mapped to the chromosomal 1p36 region harboring the EPHA2 receptor tyrosine kinase gene. Here, we report mutations of EPHA2 in three CC families from different ancestral groups. In a Chinese family with posterior polar CC, we identified a missense mutation, c.2819C>T (p.T940I), replacing a critical amino acid that functions at the receptor oligomerization interface. In a British family with posterior polar CC and an Australian family with total CC, we found a frameshift mutation (c.2915_2916delTG) and a splicing mutation (c.2826‐9G>A), respectively. These two mutations are predicted to produce novel C‐terminal polypeptides with 39 identical amino acids. Yeast two‐hybrid analysis showed stronger interaction between the total CC‐associated mutant EPHA2 and low molecular weight protein‐tyrosine phosphatase, a negative regulator of EPHA2 signaling. Our results implicate the Eph‐ephrin signaling system in development of human cataract and provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of human CCs. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Copy-protection system for photographic paper

A copy-protection system was developed in order to pre- vent the unauthorized reproduction of photographic prints at a digital print station. The copy-protection system consists of two parts: (1) copy-protected photographic paper manufactured with a latent im- age of an array of yellow microdots; and (2) digital print stations equipped with software that detects the presence of the microdots in the digital image of a photographic print made on copy-protected photographic paper. The system has a detection rate of 78% and a negligible rate of false detection. © 2000 SPIE and IS&T.