Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drought-- National Drought Mitigation Center 2008 Developing a Regional Drought Climatology for the Czech

This study presents a methodology for the analysis of a drought climatology within a particular region that enables a user to define drought areas at a high spatial resolution. It is suitable for quantifying the relative differences in the intensity of drought spells, and the frequency and duration between individual stations within an area of interest. The methodology is based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), and the Palmer Z-index (Z-index). However, the climatological parameters needed to process and calculate the indices were not derived separately for each site as is usually done but were based on a set of all available weather stations in the studied region. This approach was utilized in the case study including all of the Czech Republic using 233 climatological stations with monthly records of mean temperature and precipitation for the period 1961–2000. The study is also focused on the development of more efficient ways of communicating results to the stakeholders. Therefore, a method allowing for an integration of several drought indices into a single indicator called the Integrated Climatological Drought Indicator (ICDI) was developed. The newly developed method allowed for an objective identification of the T R N K A E T A L . , I N T E R N A T I O N A L J O U R N A L O F C L I M A T O L O G Y 2 9 (2 0 0 9 ) 2 drought-prone regions of the country that were defined as areas with a chance (higher than 50 and 60% respectively) of moderate or extreme drought. We have found that 12.3 and 3% of the country area, respectively, belong within these categories and that these regions also happen to be prime agricultural areas. The conclusions were supported by the results of a cluster analysis. Finally, the analysis of time trends was conducted, which showed that the majority of 233 stations had grown significantly drier during the studied period. The main driving force behind this development was found to be an increase of temperature, especially in the 1990s.
Integration of Synaptic Responses to Neighboring Whiskers in Rat Barrel Cortex In Vivo

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , March 1, 2007; 97 (3): 2130-2147. J Neurophysiol C. Quairiaux, M. Armstrong-James and E. Welker Whisker Stimulation Modified Sensory Processing in the Barrel Cortex of the Adult Mouse After Chronic [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , May 1, 2007; 97 (5): 3819-3824. J Neurophysiol M. J. Higley and D. Contreras Whisker System Frequency Adaptation Modulates Spatial Integration of Sensory Responses in the Rat [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , September 1, 2007; 98 (3): 1566-1580. J Neurophysiol P. J. Drew and D. E. Feldman Cortex Representation of Moving Wavefronts of Whisker Deflection in Rat Somatosensory [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , April 1, 2008; 99 (4): 1616-1627. J Neurophysiol B. Scholl, X. Gao and M. Wehr Level Dependence of Contextual Modulation in Auditory Cortex [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , December 3, 2008; 28 (49): 13274-13284. J. Neurosci. R. D. Frostig, Y. Xiong, C. H. Chen-Bee, E. Kvasnak and J. Stehberg Activation Spreads Large-Scale Organization of Rat Sensorimotor Cortex Based on a Motif of Large
Depression : the sleeping giant Depression and myocardial infarction

Depression occurs commonly after myocardial infarction, with 18% of patients suffering a major depressive syndrome and 27% a minor depressive syndrome. The prevalence depends upon the diagnostic criteria used and upon the time of measurement following acute myocardial infarction. However, there is a consistently higher frequency of depressive disorder in patients with acute coronary syndromes than in the British population as a whole, in which depression affects approximately 6%. Not only is depression more frequent in patients with acute coronary syndromes but it also carries an adverse prognosis in terms of recurrent clinical events, with a fivefold increase in mortality after myocardial infarction. Studies have consistently shown that levels of depression are not, or are only weakly, correlated with the severity of ischaemic disease. Depression is an independent risk factor for prognosis in all categories of patients with ischaemic heart disease. Hence, affective disorders increase the risk of cardiac death or non-fatal myocardial infarction in patients with a poor prognosis for other reasons, for example, in those with an ejection fraction below 30% and in patients with significant ventricular arrhythmias. The strongest association in terms of outcome is with major depression, but less severe forms of ‘negative affect’ would also appear to be important in determining prognosis.
Multilevel Coding over Eisenstein Integers with Ternary Codes

This work introduces new signal constellations based on Eisenstein integers, i.e., the hexagonal lattice. These sets of Eisenstein integers have a cardinality which is an integer power of three. They are proposed as signal constellations for representation in the equivalent complex baseband model, especially for applications like physical-layer network coding or MIMO transmission where the constellation is required to be a subset of a lattice. It is shown that these constellations form additive groups where the addition over the complex plane corresponds to the addition with carry over ternary Galois fields. A ternary set partitioning is derived that enables multilevel coding based on ternary error-correcting codes. In the subsets, this partitioning achieves a gain of 4.77 dB, which results from an increased minimum squared Euclidean distance of the signal points. Furthermore, the constellation-constrained capacities over the AWGN channel and the related level capacities in case of ternary multilevel coding are investigated. Simulation results for multilevel coding based on ternary LDPC codes are presented which show that a performance close to the constellationconstrained capacities can be achieved.
Title Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

The performance of the lithium-ion cell is heavily dependent on the ability of the host electrodes to accommodate and release Li+ ions from the local structure. While the choice of electrode materials may define parameters such as cell potential and capacity, the process of intercalation may be physically limited by the rate of solid-state Li+ diffusion. Increased diffusion rates in lithium-ion electrodes may be achieved through a reduction in the diffusion path, accomplished by a scaling of the respective electrode dimensions. In addition, some electrodes may undergo large volume changes associated with charging and discharging, the strain of which, may be better accommodated through nanostructuring. Failure of the host to accommodate such volume changes may lead to pulverisation of the local structure and a rapid loss of capacity. In this review article, we seek to highlight a number of significant gains in the development of nanostructured lithium-ion battery architectures (both anode and cathode), as drivers of potential next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices.
Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing SDF-1 promote angiogenesis and improve heart function in experimental myocardial infarction in rats §

Background: In addition to its multipotent capability, the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) can secrete and supply a large amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The stromal-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1a) plays an important role in the homing of stem cells to the injured tissues of the heart. Therefore, the MSCs over-expressing SDF-1a could augment the angiogenesis pathway.Methods: In vitro, the differentiation of the MSCs into endothelial-like cells was induced by cultivation of cells in 10% foetal calf serum and 50 ng ml 1 SDF-1a or in specific inhibitors for endothelial nitrous oxide synthase (eNOS). In vivo, the rat model of myocardial infarction was established by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Seven days following surgery, 5.0 10 pfu Ad-SDF-1a (adenoviral vector containing human SDF-1a gene under the control of the rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter), 5.0 10 Ad-LacZ-MSC or 5.0 10 Ad-SDF-MSC suspension in a 0.2-ml serum-freemediumwas injected into four sites in infarcted areas (0.05 ml per site). The rats receiving Ad-SDF-MSC also received the nitrous oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in drinking water (1 mg kg ). The rats in the control group received the same volume of cell-free medium. Four weeks following transplantation, the heart function was assessed, and histological and molecular analyses were conducted. Results: The MSCs could differentiate into endothelial cells in the presence of SDF-1a, and the effect could be inhibited by L-NAME in vitro and in vivo. Western Blotting revealed an increased expression of VEGF, Akt and eNOS. Four weeks following transplantation, a reduced infarct size and fibrosis, greater vascular density and thicker left ventricular wall were observed in the Ad-SDF-MSC group. The measurement of haemodynamic parameters showed an improvement in the left ventricular performance in the Ad-SDF-MSC group as compared with other groups. Conclusion: The MSCs over-expressing the SDF-1a can produce effective angiogenesis, resulting in the prevention of progressive heart dysfunction after a myocardial infarction. # 2009 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Particle Swarm Intelligence Based Reduction Method Applied to Power System Descriptor Models

To model and analyze a large complex dynamic system such as power systems is a very challenging task. Modelling of large realtime systems results in a large number of differential equations that lead to transfer function models that represents a higher order system. Higher order systems impose heavy computational burden, along with additional memory requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the power system model for simplifying the simulation and controller design. Pragmatic methods are preferred in power system model reduction for good performance, as they are simple to use along with their ability to maintain the physical structure of the model. A good algorithm to model the order reduction of power system applications should preserve the important characteristic and perform ability of the original system. The dimensions and density of typical accurate power system models give arise to difficulties which have been handled by several techniques. In this paper Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, evolutionary technique is employed to a two power system models. The first model considered is a single input single output (SISO) single machine connected to an infinite bus (SMIB) and the second model considered is a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) single machine connected to an infinite bus (SMIB). The PSO algorithm is based on the minimisation of the integral squared error between the transient responses of original higher order and reduced order model pertaining to a unit step input. The reduced models show the preservation of stability and other characteristic parameters of original system. The reduced order model so obtained shows minimum integral square error comparable with other reduction techniques.
Proactive Caching at Base Station with Device-to-Device Offloading

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is an emerging technology for enhancing the computing capacity of mobile devices. In this paper, MEC system consists of one base station (BS) of caching and computing capacities and multi mobile users of caching and sharing ability. We consider the cache placement at BS taking consider the D2D communication. A Q-learning based caching policy is proposed to attract more users sending requests for the tasks cached at BS. Some numerical results show the outperformance of proposed schemes compared with baseline scheme.
On the Origin of Human Mitochondrial DNA Differences, New Generation Time Data Both Suggest a Unified Young-Earth Creation Model and Challenge the Evolutionary Out-of-Africa Model

Calculation of a mitochondrial DNA “clock” requires knowledge of an average generation time in a population or human ethnic group. Previous studies of the human mitochondrial DNA clock used a range of generation time estimates without any concrete knowledge of how generation times might vary by ethnicity. In this study, I document new data suggesting a historically faster generation time in Africans, which may explain why African people groups tend to harbor more mitochondrial DNA differences than non-African groups. These results underscore the biblical model of human origins in which the major ethnic groups originate simultaneously at the Tower of Babel event, and these findings simultaneously undercut the validity of the evolutionary out-of-Africa model.
MEMS Technology for Optical Switching Kornkamol THAKULSUKANANT

Over the last ten years, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices have received attention in many application areas such microwave, wireless, and optical networks. Especially in optical networks, MEMS technology is employed to provide the advantages of large switch matrix size with low loss at an optimum cost [1,2]. Therefore, optical switches based MEMS technology are now widely used and are considered a good option for optical switching networks. Moreover, they also provide wavelength insensitivity, polarization insensitivity, scalability, and very low crosstalk [3-5]. MEMS optical switches provide fast switching speeds ranging from milliseconds to several hundred microseconds. In this article, MEMS-based optical switches are reviewed including their advantages and disadvantages.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Internet Gaming Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder-A Case Report

Internet gaming disorder is a behavioral addiction integrated in the category of “specific Internet addictions”, due to its particular focus on the online gaming behaviors and related cues. A high rate of comorbidity is reported in cases of various types of Internet addictions, which implies a thoroughly conducted anamnesis is necessary. DSM-5 presents a set of diagnosis criteria, but Internet gaming disorder is only a provisional entity that requires further research. Multiple scales have been developed for the purpose of measuring the severity of this addiction, most of them being based on DSM-5 criteria. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been successfully applied in different drug-induced disorders with good results, therefore extending this psychotherapy administration range to behavioral addictions seems granted by their common pathophysiology. The case of a young adult diagnosed with both Internet gaming disorder and alcohol use disorder is analyzed using the cognitive-behavioral paradigm. The psychotherapy applied in this case was a structured 10-week, by-weekly sessions, cognitive restructuringand coping skillsfocused approach. Time spent on Internet gaming decreased with 50%, Internet Gaming Disorder ScaleShort Form (IGDS-SF) score was lower with 45%, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score decreased with 33%, and Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) also reduced with 65% after 10 weeks. A follow-up at week 20 recorded an increase in the alcohol use, but not in the Internet gaming behavior. The monitorisation of patients with multiple addictions (behavioral and/or drug-related) is necessary throughout the duration of treatment, but also after ending the structured psychotherapy, with frequent follow-ups, due to the high risk for relapse. Key-Words: Internet gaming disorder, alcohol dependence, functional impairment, cognitive-behavioral therapy, individual psychotherapy, behavioral addictions, cognitive restructuring
The bearing strength capacity perpendicular to grain of Norway spruce Leijten

The perpendicular to grain compressive strength of timber is known to be much lower than the strength parallel to grain. Many timber structures, however, rely on this property especially in bearings that occur frequently in building practice. The linear elastic–plastic behaviour of structural timber loaded perpendicular to grain has been a problematic issue for decades which is reflected in the differences between the prediction models in structural design codes over the world. This article concentrates on the evaluation of the strength predictive ability of three of the latest bearing models having an empirical, semiempirical or physical background. On the bases of a large database of over 1000 test results covering eight practical load cases, it is shown that the accuracy and consistency of the physical model is the best, which makes it a potential candidate for the new generation timber design codes. 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Middleware Solution for Open and Dynamic ICT Architectures in Future Cars

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) of today’s vehicles is currently experiencing a major revision. With the introduction of a centralised communication medium and the Service-Oriented-Architecture (SOA) paradigm, the automotive industry adopts the challenges posed by connected cars and autonomous driving. In novel SOA based ICT architectures the communication middleware for services plays an important role, as it enables services to exchange messages. This paper names the key aspects of such a middleware and specifies our solution. We design a Service-Oriented Architecture based middleware that supports Quality-of-Service (QoS) policies to define the requirements on a connection. Finally, we describe our realisation in the simulation environment OMNeT++.
THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF PEAR LEAVES ( PYRUS COMMUNIS L . )

Pear leaf assimilation and transpiration were measured under both laboratory and field conditions using infrared gas analysis. In the laboratory, leaf resistance to water vapour loss ! rI) was c. 1 · 2 sec cm-1 at a saturating light intensity, and the mesophyll resistance to C02 uptake (r;" ) was 4 ·4 sec cmI . These relatively low diffusive resistances were in line with the high rates of photosynthesis recorded in both the laboratory and field. The effect of leaf water potential and the nitrogen status of the tree on leaf photosynthesis was studied in the orchard. Photosynthesis was not immediately affected until leaf water potential had fallen to below 30 atm, although a history of water shortage reduced the daily maximum rate of photosynthesis. Similarly, trees that experienced a prolonged nitrogen deficiency showed a lower rate of leaf photo. synthesis in terms of both leaf area and chlorophyll concentration although the leaves recovered their green colour and photosynthetic activity following nitrogen fertilization.
dan Reservation Wage Tenaga Kerja Terdidik Unemployment , Job Search Duration , and Reservation Wage of Educated Labor Force

Number of educated unemployment is increasing every year. Of the 8.59 million unemployed labor force in 2010, 4.8 million of whom are middle and high educated unemployed. Meanwhile, unemployment duration was 11 months. Two step Heckman method is employed to estimate reservation wage. The OLS estimates duration of search for educated unemployment as well as by social, demographic, and regional characteristics. Search duration for middle and high educated workforce is longer than low educated workforce. The reservation wage of highly educated labor forceby social, demographic, and regional characteristics is higher than other labor force.
Abnormal Illness Behavior Somatically Focused Psychologically Focused Illness Affirming Illness Denying Illness Affirming Illness Denying Motivation Motivation Predominantly Predominantly Unconscious Conscious Neurotic Psychotic

Objectives: The concept of “Abnormal illness behavior (AIB)” has been evolved to a greater extent in the last century. Henry Sigerist introduced the concept of “illness behavior” in 1929. Mechanic & Volkart defined and further conceptualized the impression on illness behavior. Talcott Parson had given the concept of “Sick role,” and Issy Pilosky had familiarized the notion of “abnormal illness behavior. ” The main objective of this article is to review the conceptual evolution on “abnormal illness behavior” and to analyze its current clinical implications. Methods: Extensive search of literature was performed regarding abnormal illness behavior, illness behavior and sick role in online web searching sites like – Google Scholar, PubMed and individual journal sites as well as google books. The literature was critically reviewed with personal inputs from authors. Results: Abnormal illness behavior ranges from denial of illness in one extreme to conscious amplification of symptoms on the other. Abnormal illness behavior is noticed in various clinical conditions like stress-related disorder, stress-related disorders, factitious disorder and malingering. Conclusions: Identifying abnormal illness behavior can prevent unnecessary and excessive utilization of medical aids for the same. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 16 (2): July – December 2015: XX XX.
Performance Analysis of Multiple Threads / Cores Using the UltraSPARC T 1

By including multiple cores on a single chip, Chip Multiprocessors (CMP) are emerging as promising ways of utilizing the additional die area that is available due to process scaling at smaller semiconductor feature-size technologies. However, such an execution environment with multiple hardware context threads on each individual core, that is able to execute multiple threads of the same or different workloads, significantly diverges from the typical, well studied, uniprocessor model and introduces a high level of non-determinism. There are not enough studies to analyze the performance impact of the contention of shared resources of a processor due to multiple executing threads. We demonstrate the existence destructive interference on Chip Multiprocessing (CMP) architectures using both a multiprogrammed and a multithreaded workload, on a real, Chip Multi-Threaded (CMT) system, the UltraSPARC T1 (Niagara).
Formalization Using Organic Systemization in Musical Applications

This paper presents the application of Conway’s Game of Life within the field of music in a live performance, addressing concerns such as setup, control and aesthetics. A discussion of selected works identifies the limitations in hardware and software, and explains the approach about these constrains to the realization of a system in a recent work. C o m p u t a t i o n C o m m u n i c a t i o n A e s t h e t i c s a n d X . B e r g a m o , I t a l y . x c o a x . o r g