Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiocarbon Chronology and Paleodiet Studies on the Medieval Rural Site of Zaballa (Spain): Preliminary Insights into the Social Archaeology of the Site

The archaeological site of Zaballa is a Medieval rural site located in the province of álava (Basque Country, northern Iberia). The site has been excavated during a rescue archaeology project, over an area of about 4.5 ha, where human occupation has been documented ranging from the 6th to 15th century. The archaeological operations have shown the transformation of the village, in diachronic terms, by unearthing the structure of production areas (agricultural lands, storage areas, and craft activities), the shape of domestic spaces, and the Saint Tirso monastery, with its adjacent cemetery. Much of the evidence and features related to a peasant community are small and disturbed by recent agricultural activities, and are therefore difficult to be interpreted in social terms. Studying dietary patterns has helped to fill this gap by providing a protein-rich diet of the elitist population and by highlighting the existence of hierarchies separating the inhabitants of Zaballa. In this paper, we discuss the reconstruction of the chronological sequence of the site inhabitation, with a multidisciplinary approach. The archaeological evidences and the critical use of radiocarbon dating have been integrated with stable isotope analysis on human remains found in the cemetery of the church of San Tirso, resulting in a first attempt to find evidence of the social structure of the rural community of Zaballa.
The Impact of Child Obesity News on Household Food Expenditure in the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom (UK) has one of the highest obesity levels in the world (Mazzocchi et al., 2009). As indicated by the National Health Service (2010), 25% of adults and 17% of children are obese in the UK. This last statistic represents an increase of four points in comparison to 1995. The Government Office for Science (2010) estimated that by 2050, half of the UK population would be obese, with a consequent direct annual cost of £10 billion and an indirect annual cost of £50 billion at today’s prices. This research aims to contribute to the debate on how health-related information impacts household food expenditure and whether this impact varies across income groups and household composition. This study specifically measures the impact of child obesity news on household food expenditure in the UK. To this end, the study calculated a set of elasticities for different income groups (high vs. low) and family composition (families with and without children). This set of elasticities gives us a measure of responsiveness, to change in terms of price, income and news. The results indicate that child obesity news causes different impacts on households according to their income level and household composition. Low-income households without children are not significantly impacted by child obesity news. Low-income households with children change their food expenditure composition to a healthier diet without changing the overall food expenditure. High-income households without children decrease their overall food expenditure, mainly changing red meat for dairy products. Finally, high-income households with children increase their overall food expenditure and move on to a healthier diet. Therefore, in three out of four household cases, child obesity news causes a different and positive impact on diet. Low-income households with children in default-mode spend the smallest proportion of their income on fruit and vegetables; which is even less than low-income households without children. More importantly, low-income households with children influence the nutritional habits of their children. This research shows that low-income households with children respond to child obesity news and move on to a healthier diet without causing undesirable income redistribution.
The Effects of Doodling on Recall Ability 212

Abstract Previous research has documented a positive effect of doodling on individuals’ ability to recall information. However, previous research is limited to structured doodling tasks, such as shading in basic shapes. The present study extends the extant research, and increases the external validity of the previous findings, by considering the effects of multiple forms of doodling on recall. In this experimental study, ninetythree undergraduate participants were randomly assigned to one of 4 conditions (control, structured doodling, unstructured doodling, or note-taking). Participants listened to a fictional dialogue between 2 friends discussing a recent earthquake and then completed a fill-in the blank quiz to test their recall of the conversational information. The results indicated that participants in the unstructured doodling condition performed significantly worse than those in the structured doodling and note-taking condition.
Sanitary conditions of lactating dromedary she-camel environment with special reference to milk quality and subclinical mastitis monitoring

The present study was concerned with 42 dwellings of lactating dromedary she-camels in owner's houses which distributed in 6 different villages around Assiut city, Egypt; to be representative to camel distribution in villages of Manfalout, El-kousia, El-Fateh, Abnob, Abo-Tig and Sedfa. This study was unlike most studies that deal with camels in the nomadic life while here all animals were traditionally managed and were housed in each dwelling. The environmental conditions around animals were estimated microbiologically to evaluate the hygiene of their habitat and to estimate milk quality and also to monitor subclinical mastitis. Therefore, different random samples of air, soil, water, milkers' hands, milk equipments, composite milk and bulk milk samples were collected. It was found wide varieties of a total 599 of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic isolates could be detected and identified in which soil samples had the highest number as 208, while composite milk samples had the lowest as 20. As the milk was subjected to the surrounding environment, the isolates were elevated to 113 as explained by the significance correlation of total bacterial count between bulk milk and soil. Although all animals were observed as clinically healthy with apparently normal udder, the CMT showed 9.52% was positive for subclinical mastitis.
The Theory of Diversity and Redundancy in Information System Security: LDRD Final Report

The goal of this research was to explore first principles associated with mixing of diverse implementations in a redundant fashion to increase the security and/or reliability of information systems. Inspired by basic results in computer science on the undecidable behavior of programs and by previous work on fault tolerance in hardware and software, we have investigated the problem and solution space for addressing potentially unknown and unknowable vulnerabilities via ensembles of implementations. We have obtained theoretical results on the degree of security and reliability benefits from particular diverse system designs, and mapped promising approaches for generating and measuring diversity. We have also empirically studied some vulnerabilities in common implementations of the Linux operating system and demonstrated the potential for diversity to mitigate these vulnerabilities. Our results provide foundational insights for further research on diversity and redundancy approaches for information systems.
The method for providing quality of service time requirements in reconfigurable computing systems

The process of calculations control in reconfigurable computing systems characterized by the time constraints of both the applications solved and the functional and structural organization of the system is investigated. As part of this, the method is modified and mathematically substantiated for determining the time intervals of tasks. The proposed modification to the analysis of tasks acceleration index allows to evaluate the unproductive time expenditure taking into account the FPGA hardware limitations in the computer algorithms mapping to the reconfigurable computing structure. The method of providing time parameters of service quality in the reconfigurable computing system that provides given application runtime by determining the amount of unproductive time-consuming reconfiguration and the choice of optimal service discipline for each task in terms of time and existing hardware limitations was proposed. The use of the proposed method of determining the time intervals, which the implementation of the method is based on determining the sequence of tasks for which the target architecture of the computer system is effective and the use of additional mechanisms to reduce overhead does not speed up calculations within the advertised time requirements. Application of the proposed method allows to determine and optimize the impact of space limitations the reconfiguration time and reduce the number of rejections of tasks in the dynamic mapping of task flows to the reconfigurable computational structure. The formalization of the method for determining the time intervals of tasks was developed, for which the optimal boundaries of the effective use of the proposed facilities in terms of the adequacy of the offered application time limits to the limits of the reconfigurable computer system were defined and justified. The proposed tools can be used in modern high-performance reconfigurable computing systems during solving the problems of control of various technical and management processes and implementation of multidimensional calculations in complex information systems.
Endocannabinoid system and cannabinoids in neurogenesis – new opportunities for neurological treatment? Reports from experimental studies.

Neurogenesis is one of the most important phenomenona affecting human life. This process consists of proliferation, migration and differentiation of neuroblasts and synaptic integrations of newborn neurons. Proliferation of new cells continues into old age, also in humans, although the most extensive process of cell formation occurs during the prenatal period. It is possible to distinguish two regions in the brain responsible for neurogenesis: the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ). Hippocampal neurogenesis is very sensitive to various physiological and pathological stimuli. The functional integration of the newly-born dentate granule cells into hippocampal circuitry, and their ability to mediate long-term potentiation in DG, has led to the hypothesis that neurogenesis in the adult brain may play a key role in learning and memory function, as well as cognitive dysfunction in some diseases. Brain disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases or traumatic brain injuries, significantly affect migration, proliferation and differentiation of neural cells. In searching for the best neurological drugs protecting neuronal cells, stimulating neurogenesis, while also developing no side-effects, endocannabinoids proved to be a strong group of substances having many beneficial properties. Therefore, the latest data is reviewed of the various experimental studies concerning the analysis of the most commonly studied cannabinoids and their impact on neurogenesis.
Comparative Analysis of Single Slot and U Slot Antennas for Satellite Applications

In this paper, two different slot antennas have been simulated using HFSS software. A basic slot antenna is compared with a U slot antenna. This is done by increasing the number of slots in basic slot antenna. Both the antennas hold their applications in satellite communication. Rogers RT/duriod 5880 substrate is used as dielectric material for the simulation setup. In this research work, we have comparatively evaluated various parameters like return loss, radiation pattern, gain, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and directivity for slot and U-slot antenna.
On the Need for Context Processing in Affective Computing

Research on Emotions within Artificial Intelligence and related fields has flourished rapidly through several years. Unfortunately, in much research the contextuality of emotions is disregarded. In this paper we argue, that recognizing emotions without recognizing their context is incomplete and cannot be sufficient for real-world applications. We present logical underpinnings of this claim and describe some consequences of disregarding the context of emotions. We also present our approach, in which the context of emotions is considered and describe some of the first experiments performed in this matter. The paper is finalized with a discussion on future development and applications of context processing within Affective Computing.
Estimating Crop Yields at the Field Level Using Landsat and MODIS Products

Remote sensing can be used for yield estimation prior to harvest at the field level to provide helpful information for agricultural decision making. This study was undertaken in Polkovice, located at low elevations in the Czech Republic. From 2014 – 2016, two datasets of satellite imagery were used: the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat 8 datasets. Satellite data were compared with yields and other observations at the level of land blocks. Winter oilseed rape, winter wheat and spring barley yield data, representing the crops planted over the analyzed period, were used for comparison. In 2016, a more detailed analysis was conducted. We tested a relationship between remote sensing data and the spatial yield variability measured by a yield monitor from a combine harvester. Correlations varied from approximately r = 0.4 to r = 0.7 with the highest correlation (r = 0.74) between yield and the Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index collected from a drone. Vegetation indices from both Landsat 8 and the MODIS showed a positive relationship with yields for the compared period. The highest correlation was between yield and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (r = 0.8) while the lowest was between yield and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index from MODIS (r = 0.1).
Compressional residual stress in Bastogne boudins revealed by synchrotron X‐ray microdiffraction

Lattice distortions in crystals can be mapped at the micron scale using synchrotron X‐ray Laue microdiffraction (μXRD). From lattice distortions the shape and orientation of the elastic strain tensor can be derived and interpreted in terms of residual stress. Here we apply the new method to vein quartz from the original boudinage locality at Bastogne, Belgium. A long‐standing debate surrounds the kinematics of the Bastogne boudins. The μXRD measurements reveal a shortening residual elastic strain, perpendicular to the vein wall, corroborating the model that the Bastogne boudins formed by layer‐parallel shortening and not by layer‐parallel extension, as is in the geological community generally inferred by the process of boudinage.
Using prospect theory to investigate the low value of travel time for small time changes

A common finding in stated preference studies that measure the value of travel time(VTT), is that the measured per-minute VTT increases with the size of the time change considered, in conflict with standard neoclassical theory. The current paper tests prospect theory as a possible explanation: More specifically, whether the phenomenon is generated by preferences being reference-dependent and exhibiting diminishing sensitivity for gains and losses, with a stronger degree of diminishing sensitivity for money than for travel time. We use stated preference data with trade-offs between travel time and money that provide identification of the degrees of diminishing sensitivity for time and money gains and losses, thus enabling us to test and potentially falsify the prospect theory explanation. We apply a discrete choice model, in which choice depends on a reference-free value of travel time and reference-dependent value functions for time and money, allowing for loss aversion and different degrees of diminishing sensitivity for gains and losses. We use semiparametric local logit estimates of the equi-probability curves in the data to test the model’s appropriateness, and estimate its parameters using a mixed logit approach. Our results support the prospect theory explanation.
Plazomicin: A Next‐Generation Aminoglycoside

Plazomicin is a novel aminoglycoside antibiotic that binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis in a concentration‐dependent manner. Plazomicin displays a broad spectrum of activity against aerobic gram‐negative bacteria including extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and organisms with aminoglycoside‐modifying enzymes. In a large phase III clinical trial, plazomicin was shown to be noninferior to meropenem in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) with respect to the coprimary efficacy end points of the microbiologically modified intent‐to‐treat composite cure rate at day 5 (plazomicin 88% [168/191 subjects] vs meropenem 91.4% [180/197]) and at the test‐of‐cure visit (plazomicin 81.7% [156/191] vs meropenem 70.1% [138/197]). In a small phase III clinical trial, plazomicin was shown to be effective in the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae. It was associated with a lower all‐cause mortality or significant disease‐related complication rate (23.5% [4/17]) compared with colistin (50% [10/20]). The most common adverse reactions associated with plazomicin are decreased renal function, diarrhea, hypertension, headache, nausea, vomiting, and hypotension. As with other aminoglycosides, plazomicin may cause neuromuscular blockade, ototoxicity, and fetal harm in pregnant women. Due to limited efficacy and safety data, plazomicin is indicated for the treatment of cUTIs in adults with limited or no alternative treatment options, using a dosage regimen of 15 mg/kg intravenously every 24 hours for 4–7 days. Dosage reductions and therapeutic drug monitoring are warranted in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment. Plazomicin is not recommended in patients with severe renal impairment including those receiving renal replacement therapy. With the approval of plazomicin, clinicians now have an additional option for the treatment of adults with cUTIs, particularly those caused by multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative rods.
THE STUDY OF A EUROPEAN NEUTRINO FACTORY COMPLEX

The Neutrino Factory is a new concept for an accelerator that produces a high-intensity, high-energy beam of electron and muon neutrinos – the ultimate tool for neutrino oscillation studies and the only machine conceived up today that could help detect CP violation of leptons. The basic concept of the Neutrino Factory is the production of neutrinos from the decay of high-energy muons. Due to their short lifetime, these muons have to be accelerated very fast. Several new accelerator techniques, like a high-intenstiy proton linac, high-power targets, ionization cooling or recirculating muon linacs are required. This paper presents a snapshot of the accelerator design at CERN. Although some aspects of this European Neutrino Factory Scheme have been optimised for the CERN site, the basic principle is siteindependent.
Analysis of Base Station Assisted Novel Network Design Space for Edge-based WSNs

Limited and constrained energy resources of wireless sensor network should be used wisely to prolong sensor nodes lifetime. To achieve high energy efficiency and to increase wireless sensor network lifetime, sensor nodes are grouped together to form clusters. Organizing wireless sensor networks into clusters enables the efficient utilization of limited energy resources of the deployed sensor nodes. However, the problems of unbalanced energy consumption exist in intra and inter cluster communication, and it is tightly bound to the role and the location of a sensor nodes and cluster heads in the network. Also, clustering mechanism results in an unequal load distribution in the network. This paper presents an analytical and conceptual model of Energy- efficient edge-based network partitioning scheme proposed for wireless sensor networks. Also, it analyzes different network design space proposed for wireless sensor networks and evaluates their performance. From the experimental results it is observed that, with proper network organization mechanism, sensor network resources are utilized effectively to elevate network lifetime.
The effect of large annual population size fluctuations on spatial genetic pattern in the continuously distributed African Wild Silk Moth (Gonometa postica)

Several insect species exhibit large inter-annual fluctuations in population size, yet the effect of such population size fluctuations on the inference of demographic parameters from population genetic data is not well understood. Although some theoretical models suggest that population size fluctuations result in an increase in spatial genetic structure as a result of local genetic drift, this is not consistent with observed spatial genetic patterns in many cyclical species. The African Wild Silk Moth (Gonometa postica) is a species that exhibits large inter-annual population size fluctuations in the Kalahari region of southern Africa. We used morphological estimates of dispersal ability, mtDNA sequencing, microsatellite genotyping and simulation modeling to determine the connectivity of populations in this species. Our results indicate high levels of gene flow as found in other cyclical species. Our simulation results confirm the occurrence of increased spatial genetic pattern at low dispersal distances, yet we cannot demonstrate the conditions under which gross overestimates of dispersal are obtained. Rather we observe that low levels of dispersal, less than 1% of the species total range, are sufficient to prevent the genetic drift effects of population size fluctuations in continuously distributed species. The implications of these results in interpreting spatial genetic patterns from cyclical species are discussed.
Dynamic stall on wind turbine blades

Dynamic loads must be predicted accurately in order to estimate the fatigue life of wind turbines operating in turbulent environments. Dynamic stall contributes to increased dynamic loads during normal operation of all types of horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWTs). This report illustrates how dynamic stall varies throughout the blade span of a 10 m HAWT during yawed and unyawed operating conditions. Lift, drag, and pitching moment coefficients during dynamics stall are discussed. Resulting dynamic loads are presented, and the effects of dynamic stall on yaw loads are demonstrated using a yaw loads dynamic analysis (YAWDYN). 12 refs., 22 figs., 1 tab.