Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Considering people with disabilities as überusers for eliciting generalisable coping strategies on the web

When users struggle on the Web they employ extreme adaptations to tackle problematic situations, namely coping strategies. If we are able to automatically detect such situations we can provide the means to bypass or pre-empt them. However, isolating these coping strategies is a challenging task: coping occurs seldom and when it happens, coping is not always overtly manifested. Therefore, in order to identify the coping strategies employed by users in situ longitudinal observations have to be conducted, which are resource intensive. We propose a more economical method that transfers the coping strategies employed by groups of users that cope frequently and overtly, such as people with disabilities, to broader populations. To do so, we first identify the coping strategies employed by people with disabilities; then we code these strategies and convert them into coping detection algorithms that are injected into web pages. Remote longitudinal studies are run with broader populations to measure the detection rate of the algorithms. Based on participants' feedback we iteratively modify the algorithms to adjust them to the coping strategies users employ. We illustrate this method with a case study that transfers the strategies employed by visually disabled users to able-bodied users. We discover that different populations do not only face the same problems, but also exhibit similar strategies to tackle them.
Intravenous versus oral iron therapy for postpartum anaemia

Sir, We read with great interest the article by Bhandal et al.1 reporting their study on intravenous versus oral iron therapy for postpartum anaemia and are compelled to raise few issues. First, the study is too small to comment on safety of intravenous iron. Because of the risk of life-threatening complications such as anaphylaxis, there is great reluctance to use intravenous iron preparations.2 The study did not mention the cost of intravenous ferrous sucrose versus oral iron. Intravenous iron use involves hospital stay, patient monitoring by health professionals and puts strain on health resources especially relevant in NHS today. Intravenous iron may not be a cost-effective option in women with haemoglobin (Hb) ‡ 7 g% who could easily be managed on outpatient basis with oral iron. Although the study showed an initial rise in Hb in the intravenous iron group, by day 40 there was no significant difference between the two groups. This raises questions on safety of intravenous iron with the potential for life-threatening complications such as anaphylaxis.3 The study noted that 33% in the oral iron group reported adverse effects. However, 100% compliance rate in the oral iron group affirms that the adverse effects were tolerable and not severe. The study measured haematological response but did not measure clinical response. The effect of improving haematological indices on symptom profile would help in a more objective evaluation of therapy. The study did not take into account quality of life and patient satisfaction issues. Intravenous iron involves at least a few hours of hospital stay and the potential of life-threatening anaphylaxis. Therefore, we would like to ask the authors whether oral iron may be a better alternative in women with Hb ‡ 7 g% who can safely be treated on outpatient basis. j
Advances in human reproductive ecology.

Human reproductive ecology pertains to reproduction biology and changes due to environmental influences. The research literature relies on clinical, epidemiological, and demographic analysis. The emphasis is on normal, nonpathological states and a broad range of ecological conditions. This review focused on the importance of age and energetic stress from ecological conditions rather than dieting or self-directed exercise in changing female fecundity. The literature on male reproductive ecology is still small but growing. J.W. Wood provided a comprehensive overview of the field. Natural fertility, as defined by Henry, is the lack of parity-specific fertility limitation. There is evidence that fertility can vary widely in natural fertility populations. There are consistent age patterns among different natural fertility populations. Doring found that there was higher frequency of anovulatory and luteal insufficiency in cycles during perimenarche and perimenopausal periods. Infertility studies have shown declines in pregnancy rates in women over the age of 30 years. Ovum donation evaluations have found both uterine age and ovarian and oocyte age to be related to the probability of a successful pregnancy. Basal follicle stimulating hormone and the endometrial thickness are important predictors of ovarian capacity and related to age and declining fecundity. Much of the literature on fecundity is derived from women with impaired reproductive physiology. In Lipson and Ellison's study of healthy women, average follicular and average luteal estradiol values declined with increasing subject age. Low follicular levels were correlated with smaller follicular size, low oocyte fertilizability, reduced endometrial thickness, and low pregnancy rates. Comparisons across populations have shown that populations experience declines in luteal function with age, but levels of luteal functions varied widely. Chronic conditions which slow growth and delay reproductive maturation may impact on lower ovarian function throughout adult life. There is a range of ovarian function along a continuum due to energetic stress. Evidence from the Lese in Zaire, the Tamang of Nepal, and Polish farm women outside Crakow suggest that workload affects ovarian function. Luteal function and ovulatory frequency is lower when women are losing weight. Among the Tamang losing weight between seasons there was evidence of lower ovarian function during the monsoon season. Polish farm women who work very hard in summer had lower ovarian function. The effect of lactation on amenorrhea appears to be due to the energetic stress on the mother in the intensity and duration of suckling. Women in poorer nutritional status may require more intense suckling. Seasonality of energy balance may be related to seasonality of female fecundity and conceptions.
Study on the Main Influencing Factors on the Online Shopping Behavior of the Undergraduate

As the undergraduate are the prosperous consumers in future, their consumption behaviours are important for the success of the online retailers. Recently the B2C and C2C of e-commerce has brought great benefits to the consumer and merchant. According to the theory of reasoned action(TRA) developed by Martin Fishbein and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) proposed by Icek Ajzen, a widely survey are conducted base on the sample of undergraduate students in Beijing city. The influence factors on the online shopping and behaviors are discussed in this paper. The research results indicate that the main influenced factors include convenience and experience, personal information and finical security etc. according to their importance degree. Therefore, the online retailers should insist that cheaper commodity pricing attract college student consumer, set up the products and retailer's prestige of network, and eliminate the doubts and worries about security of online shopping.
Candida albicans and Candida stellatoidea, in contrast to other Candida species, bind iC3b and C3d but not C3b

It was demonstrated that complement-coated sheep erythrocytes bind to Candida albicans cells grown in serum-free RPMI 1640 medium. Testing of purified complement components proved that iC3b and C3d were responsible for the reaction, whereas C3b and C3b-H reacted only slightly if at all. Binding occurred only to C. albicans and C. stellatoidea, not to other species pathogenic to humans. There was evidence of a lectinlike nature of the effect.
Hyperfibrinolysis after major trauma: differential diagnosis of lysis patterns and prognostic value of thrombelastometry.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to diagnose hyperfibrinolysis (HF) and its pattern using thrombelastometry and to correlate the diagnosis with mortality. Furthermore, routine laboratory based and the rotational thrombelastometry analyzer (ROTEM)-derived variables were also correlated with survival. METHODS Severe trauma patients showing HF in ROTEM were consecutively enrolled in the study. Three different HF patterns were compared: fulminant breakdown within 30 minutes, intermediate HF of 30 to 60 minutes, and late HF after 60 minutes. Injury severity score (ISS), hemodynamics, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count (PC), fibrinogen, and ROTEM variables at admission were analyzed. The observed mortality was compared with the predicted trauma and injury severity score mortality. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were diagnosed with HF. The mean ISS was 47 +/- 14. Fulminant, intermediate, or late HF (n = 11 each group) resulted in 100%, 91%, or 73% mortality, respectively, with the best prognosis for late HF (p = 0.0031). The actual overall mortality of HF (88%) exceeded the predicted trauma and injury severity score mortality (70%) (p = 0.039). Lower PC (123 +/- 53 vs. 193 +/- 91; p = 0.034), ROTEM prolonged clot formation time [CFT, 359 (140/632) vs. 82 (14/190); p = 0.042], and lower platelet contribution to maximum clot firmness [MCF(EXTEM) - MCF(FIBTEM), 34 (20/40) vs. 46 (40/53); p = 0.026] were associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSION ROTEM-based diagnosis of HF predicted outcome. Further independent predictors of death were combination of HF with hemorrhagic shock, low PC, and prolonged CFT in ROTEM. ROTEM-based point of care testing in the emergency room is thus able to identify prognostic factors such as prolonged CFT and low platelet contribution to clot firmness (MCF(EX) - MCF(FIB)) earlier than standard laboratory-based monitoring.
Adolescent Males' Sexual Behavior and Contraceptive Use: Implications for Male Responsibility

In data from the 1979 National Survey of Young Men, slightly under a fifth (17. 1%) of never married 17-21 year old metropolitan-area males reported using a condom at first intercourse, and almost the same propor tion (15.5%) reported condom use at most recent intercourse. In addi tion, withdrawal was also frequently reported as a contraceptive method (10.0 and 7.4%). Condom use had both positive and negative correlates. It was associated with being older at first intercourse, having higher actual or aspired education, having a closer relationship with the partner, and believing the male has sole contraceptive responsibility. At the same time, in their current sexual behavior, condom users tended to be youn ger, and not to believe in shared responsibility for contraception. These data may be interpreted as indicating that adolescent males abdicate responsibility for contraception as they become more sexually experi enced. Alternatively, these data may show that condom use is develop mentally a transitional phenomenon, and that male responsibility takes different forms later (compared to earlier) in adolescent males' sexual experience.
Forecasting the implied volatility surface in risk-management applications

In risk-management, one typically simulates many states of the market using models that are in line with historical data, also known as real-world models. For example, new regulations require insurance companies to value their position on a 1-year horizon. Insurance companies issue guarantees that need to be valued according to market expectations, instead of historical data. By calibrating option pricing models to market prices or equivalently, the implied volatility surface, one obtains market consistent values for these guarantees. Currently, it is common practice to assume that the parameters of these option pricing models are constant, i.e. the calibrated parameters from time t = 0 are used, as the option prices at t = 1 are unknown. However, empirical data shows that the parameters are not constant and depend on the state of the market. In this research, we propose regression models that predict the calibrated parameters, given a set of market variables such as the VIX index and risk-free interest rates. When these market variables are included in the real-world simulation, one is able to predict the calibrated parameters and consequently the option prices which are in line with the simulated state of the market. By performing a regression we are able to predict the out-of-sample implied volatility surfaces accurately. Moreover, the impact on the Solvency Capital Requirement has been evaluated for different points in time. The impact depends on the initial state of the market and varies from -46% to +52%.
Improving Resource Utilization of a Cloud-Based Testing Platform for Android Applications

The Cloud Testing Platform (CTP) is a cloud-based system for testing Android applications (apps). It can be used to test whether an Android app can provide consistent user experiences on diverse devices developed by different manufacturers with customized specifications and operating system versions. The CTP employs virtual machines (VMs) to interact with various mobile devices currently for performing tests. However, improper size of VM pool and unbalanced loads on devices can result in low resource utilization or increase the response time of tests. To manage the resources of CTP more effectively, this paper presents a resource adaptation strategy that can adjust the number of VMs dynamically based on the workload of CTP and the number of available devices and can balance the loads across multiple devices of the same type to improve their usages and the average waiting time of tests. Experimental results indicate that the proposed strategy can be promising on improving the resource utilization of CTP.
Auditory neuropathy in Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome due to riboflavin transporter RFVT2 deficiency

Mutations in the genes encoding the riboflavin transporters RFVT2 and RFVT3 have been identified in Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hearing loss and pontobulbar palsy. Treatment with riboflavin has been shown to benefit individuals with the phenotype of RFVT2 deficiency. Understanding the characteristics of hearing loss in riboflavin transporter deficiency would enable early diagnosis and therapy.
Does sodium cromoglycate have an effect on contact dermatitis?

Sodium cromoglycate was applied to the Forearm of 9 subjects with known delayed hypersensitivity, and to the back of 14 dinitrochlorobenzene‐sensitized guinea pigs before challenge with the allergen and sodium lauryl sulphate, Sodium cromoglycate did not decrease the intensity of allergic or toxic‐irritant reactions in either humans or guinea pigs.
Power system stabilizer using local and remote signals

The main purpose of this paper is to study the utilization of wide area (remote) information obtained via synchronized phasor measurement in the design of power system stabilizer. We aim to advance the performance of the conventional power system stabilizer that is designed essentially by using local measurements as input signals. Both the wide area signal from some remote area and the local signal are employed as the input signals for the power system stabilizer installed on the generating unit. The proposed multi-input power system stabilizer is investigated for enhancing the stability of the overall system. Results from applications to a multi-area power system are demonstrated.
Adolescence and the diet-dieting disparity: healthy food choice or risky health behaviour?

OBJECTIVES Food choice in schoolchildren was examined in relation to dieting and measures of eating psychopathology. It was predicted that dieters would make healthier food choices compared to non-dieters and that measures of eating psychopathology would be associated with food choice. DESIGN A cross-sectional questionnaire design incorporating an established adapted recall method was used to assess patterns of food consumption. METHODS Questionnaires were administered in 13 state secondary schools. Measures included a food frequency questionnaire, the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (CHEAT), body satisfaction ratings, dietary restraint, and questions about dieting status. The sample consisted of 574 females and 445 males aged 11-16 years. RESULTS Females made significantly more healthy food choices compared to males. Females reported dieting more than males (35% vs. 18%, respectively), and female dieters made more healthy food choices than female non-dieters. Almost a fifth (19%) of the entire sample reported skipping breakfast, with female dieters being three times more likely to do so than non-dieters. There were small but significant associations between reported food consumption and measures of eating attitudes, body dissatisfaction and restraint. For females who scored in the at-risk range on the CHEAT (8.7%), these associations were more substantial. CONCLUSIONS Female dieters appear to make more healthy food choices than non-dieters and so may be tuning into healthy eating messages more effectively. Vulnerable females may use 'healthy eating' to hide risky weight reduction behaviours. Further studies are required to examine the nutritional impact of moderate and extreme dieting in this age group.
Deletion of a conserved noncoding sequence in Plzf intron leads to Plzf down‐regulation in limb bud and polydactyly in the rat

Lx mutation in SHR.Lx rat manifests in homozygotes as hindlimb preaxial polydactyly. It was previously mapped to a chromosome 8 segment containing the Plzf gene. Plzf (promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein) influences limb development as a direct repressor of posterior HoxD genes. However, the Plzf coding sequence is intact in the Lx mutants. Using linkage mapping in F2 hybrids, we downsized the segment containing Lx to 155 kb and sequenced conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) inside. A 2,964‐bp deletion in Plzf intron 2, never detected in control animals, is the only candidate for Lx. The deletion removes the most deeply conserved CNE in the 155‐kb segment, suggesting a regulatory influence on Plzf expression. Correspondingly, using in situ hybridization and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, we found a decrease of Plzf expression in Lx/Lx limb buds with concomitant anterior expansion of expression domains of its targets, Hoxd10–13 genes, in the absence of ectopic Sonic hedgehog expression. Upstream regulation of Plzf in limb buds is currently unknown. We present here the first candidate Plzf cis‐regulatory sequence. Developmental Dynamics 238:673–684, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extrahippocampal involvement in human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis depicted at MR imaging.

PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that patterns of signal intensity abnormality in human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6)-positive patients would allow distinction from patients who did not test positive for HHV6 encephalitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was performed with institutional review board committee approval by using a waiver of informed consent. Sixteen immunocompromised patients (nine males, seven females; age range, 2-39 years) underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for HHV6 DNA on the basis of clinical findings suspicious for encephalitis. MR images acquired during acute illness were examined without knowing PCR results. RESULTS Nine patients were HHV6 positive. Seven showed signal intensity abnormalities, with prominent involvement of the hippocampus, and six showed additional involvement of the amygdala. Three HHV6-positive patients showed signal intensity abnormality in extrahippocampal divisions of the olfactory cortex and cortical and subcortical structures that maintain prominent connections with the hippocampal formation. Among the seven HHV6-negative patients, six had abnormalities in the hippocampus but only two showed extrahippocampal involvement, which was restricted to the amygdala. CONCLUSION Most patients with HHV6 encephalitis have signal intensity abnormalities in the hippocampal formation and amygdala and, contrary to prior reports, some also have involvement of limbic structures outside of the medial temporal lobe. The presence of MR signal intensity abnormality in the medial temporal lobe should raise the diagnosis of HHV6 encephalitis in immunosuppressed patients, especially when hyperintense lesions are seen in the insular region and inferior frontal lobe.
Maternal DNA hypomethylation and congenital heart defects.

BACKGROUND Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most prevalent and serious of birth defects. Multiple maternal factors are thought to contribute to CHD development, including folate intake. Maternal DNA methylation, which is dependent on folate metabolism, may impact the risk of CHDs. Our study was designed to determine whether maternal long interspersed nucleotide elements-1 (LINE-1) DNA hypomethylation is associated with increased occurrence of non-syndromic CHDs and whether maternal folate-dependent metabolites are correlated with DNA methylation status. METHODS Using a case-control study design, we measured global DNA methylation status among mothers whose pregnancies were affected by non-syndromic CHDs (n = 180) and mothers of unaffected pregnancies (n = 187). Methylation of LINE-1 was used as a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation status. The association between DNA methylation and CHD risk was determined while adjusting for selected lifestyle factors. RESULTS LINE-1 DNA methylation was significantly lower in cases compared to controls (p = 0.049). After covariate adjustments, a significant difference between cases and controls remained (p = 0.010). Among women with LINE-1 methylation in the lowest decile of DNA methylation, the estimated risk of having a CHD-affected pregnancy was almost twice that of women in all other deciles (odds ratio [OR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-3.58). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that maternal LINE-1 DNA hypomethylation is associated with an increased risk of CHDs. Future studies investigating the association between maternal DNA methylation patterns and CHDs should be pursued.
Effects of ketamine on the equine electroencephalogram during anesthesia with halothane in oxygen.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ketamine on the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the horse. STUDY DESIGN Prospective experimental study. ANIMALS Eight Welsh mountain pony geldings weighing between 280 and 330 kg, 5 to 9 years old. METHODS During halothane anesthesia at an end-tidal halothane concentration between 0.75 and 0.85%, the EEG frequency power spectrum and the auditory evoked potential were recorded while an infusion of ketamine was given. Ketamine 200 mg was infused over 5 minutes in 8 ponies. The effects of ketamine on the EEG were recorded continuously during the infusion and for a further 55 minutes. RESULTS The ketamine infusion produced a plasma ketamine concentration that was significantly greater than the baseline until 7 minutes after the start of the infusion. The highest recorded ketamine concentration was 4.2+/-1.1 microg/ml recorded at 5 minutes after the start of the infusion. The spectral edge and median frequency of the EEG and the midlatency of the auditory evoked potential were compared with those recorded before the start of the infusion. The spectral edge, median frequencies and mid-latency of the auditory evoked potential were reduced by 21+/-13%, 31+/-20% and 19+/-36% respectively (mean +/- SD). Only the reduction in spectral edge frequency reached statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS These results compared with those from other anesthetic and sedative agents suggest that the spectral edge frequency is an indicator of general central nervous system depression whereas the median frequency may be an indicator of antinociception.