Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bread Fungi: Phytochemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Isolates

Bread is a cereal product which provides essential nutrients to the body. Several fungi have been associated with bread spoilage yet bread fungi may offer some benefits. The studied aimed to assess the phytochemicals present in bread fungi and the antimicrobial effects of the fungal isolates. The fungi were isolated using the pour plate technique with Potato dextrose agar and Tryptone soya agar as the growth medium. The fungi were characterized and identified based on their morphological characteristics. The fungi, Aspergillus spp, Rhizopus spp, Fuasrium spp, Mucor spp, Alternaria spp, Tricothecium spp, Sporendonema spp Trichothecium spp and Clasdosporium spp. occurred most frequently in the bread sample. The fungal isolates contained phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tanins, saponins, phenolics, flavonoids and steroids, which reflects its ability to produce bioactive compounds which could serve both environmental and medicinal purposes. The trends of zone of bacteria inhibition for E,coli was penicillium spp< Aspergillus spp< Fuasrium spp< Rhizopus spp, for staphyloccus was penicillum spp< Fuasrium spp
Kinematic Absolute Positioning with Quad-Constellation GNSS

The absolute positioning technique is based on a point positioning mode with a single Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, which has been widely used in many fields such as vehicle navigation and kinematic surveying. For a long period, this positioning technique mainly relies on a single GPS system. With the revitalization of Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) constellation and two newly emerging constellations of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and Galileo, it is now feasible to carry out the absolute positioning with quad-constellation of GPS, GLONASS, BDS, and Galileo. A combination of multi-constellation observations can offer improved reliability, availability, and accuracy for position solutions. In this chapter, combined GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo point positioning models for both traditional single point positioning (SPP) and precise point positioning (PPP) are presented, including their functional and stochastic components. The traditional SPP technique has a positioning accuracy at a meter level, whereas the PPP technique can reach an accuracy of a centimeter level. However, the later relies on the availability of precise ephemeris and needs a long convergence time. Experiments were carried out to assess the kinematic positioning performance in the two different modes. The positioning results are compared among different constellation combinations to demonstrate the advantages of quad-constellation GNSS.
Electron acceleration at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

We report the observation by the Ion and Electron Sensor (IES) of energetic (>1 keV) electrons in the plasma environment of comet 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). Most of the electrons in the cometary coma are expected to be of solar wind, photoionization, or electron impact origin and are therefore not expected to exceed some hundreds of eV in energy. During the Vega flybys of comet Halley, 1 keV electrons were also observed, and these are explained as having been accelerated by lower hybrid (LH) waves resulting from the two-stream instability involving the solar wind and pickup-ion flows. These waves resonate with the cyclotron motion of the ions and the longitudinal motion of electrons and are on the order of several Hz, at least in the case of 67P. We postulate that the energetic electrons we have observed intermittently during December 2015 through January 2016 are also the result of such a process and that Landau damping causes the acceleration and subsequent abrupt decrease in this energy (also seen at Halley). We show from this study an event on 19 January 2016 when IES simultaneously observed accelerated electrons, solar wind protons, water ions, and LH waves. A dispersion analysis shows that the ion–ion two-stream instability has positive growth rates for such waves during the observation period.
Overcoming Challenges Associated with the Analysis of Nacre by Atom Probe Tomography

In this study atom probe tomography was used to study nacre, an important biocomposite material that is challenging to prepare and analyse by atom probe and, when successful, yields data that is challenging to interpret. It was found that these challenges mainly arise from the insulating and heterogeneous nano‐scale properties of nacre. We outline our current best practice for preparing and running atom probe tips, such as using a low acceleration voltage (< 3 kV) and current (≤ 50 pA) to avoid damage to the microstructure, and using transmission electron microscopy to confirm that the region of interest is located close to the apex of the atom probe tip. Optimisation of the preparation parameters led to several successful atom probe experiments, with one of the data sets containing part of an organic membrane and others showing organic inclusions within the reconstruction.
The phenotypic plasticity of of Picea omorika /Panc./Purkyne morphological pollen traits

The variability of morphological traits of Picea omorika /Panc. /Purkyne pollen was analyzed in two successive years on the pollen sampled from 24 trees in a seed stand at the site of Bela Zemlja in the area of Mt. Zlatibor (Serbia). The aim of the research was to obtain the index of phenotypic plasticity of the equatorial and polar axes and the coefficient of shape of pollen. According to the obtained results, Serbian spruce pollen grains are 93.3 ? m/53.2 ? m in size with their shape being oblate 57.5%. The climate characteristics of the study years initiated different responses of the pollen traits for each tree. Reaction norms were slightly steep and they crossed as confirmed by the significant interaction between the variability factors of the year and the tree. In the year with lower temperatures and less precipitation, the mean values of the equatorial axis were higher and the polar axis smaller, giving the pollen grain a more oblate form. According to the results of the applied model of analysis of variance where the year and the tree, as well as the interaction between them, were taken as factors of variability, the values of the pollen equatorial axis (length) and the coefficient of shape showed statistically significant differences between the years. Genetic variability (interindividual differences) for the values of both axes of pollen grains was confirmed by statistically significant differences between the trees in a single year. Interindividual differences in the observed morphological pollen traits were affected by environmental conditions specific to the year of sampling (statistically significant year x tree interaction). All the analyzed traits showed interindividual differences in the values of the plasticity index. The lowest values of plasticity were obtained for the equatorial axis (length) of the pollen grain, and they were significantly different from the plasticity indexes of the other traits analyzed herein. The plasticity of pollen traits has an important role in the controlled selection and breeding of species with the aim of obtaining more resistant genotypes with a greater ability to adapt to the fluctuations of environmental factors caused by global climate change. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 43007: Studying climate change and its influence on the environment: impacts, adaptation and mitigation] This article has been corrected. Link to the correction 10.2298/GENSR1902769B
The Mathematica Kernel Programming Codes Designed for Implementing Block Milne’s Device

In this article, we propose the Mathematica kernel programming codes designed for implementing block Milne’s device employing an expounded trigonometrically fitted method. Block Milne’s device is an extraction of Adam’s family constructed via expounded trigonometrically fitted method. We execute the Mathematica kernel programming codes of block Milne’s device in a block by block mode. This proficiencies of scientific computing have great advantages of easy computation, speed, faster convergence and accuracy. Other numerical gains of block Milne’s device includes; changing the step-size, deciding the convergence criteria and control errors. Additionally, the Mathematica kernel programming codes for implementing block Milne’s device is performed on some special problems to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency.
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Hair-crested Drongo Dicrurus hottentottus (Passeriformes: Dicruridae)

Abstract In this study, we first sequenced and described the complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of Dicrurus hottentottus. The whole genome of D. hottentottus was 16,963 bp in length, and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosome RNA genes, and 1 non-coding control regions. The overall base composition of the mitochondrial DNA was 32.56% for A, 25.56% for T, 27.72% for C, and 14.15% for G, with a GC content of 41.87%. A phylogenetic tree strongly supported that D. hottentottus (Dicruridae) is closely related to Corvidae and Laniidae with a high probability.
Modeling binary and graded cone cell fate patterning in the mouse retina

Nervous systems are incredibly diverse, with myriad neuronal subtypes defined by gene expression. How binary and graded fate characteristics are patterned across tissues is poorly understood. Expression of opsin photopigments in the cone photoreceptors of the mouse retina provides an excellent model to address this question. Individual cones express S-opsin only, M-opsin, or both S-opsin and M-opsin. These cell populations are patterned along the dorsal-ventral axis, with greater M-opsin expression in the dorsal region and greater S-opsin expression in the ventral region. Thyroid hormone signaling plays a critical role in activating M-opsin and repressing S-opsin. Here, we developed an image analysis approach to identify individual cone cells and evaluate their opsin expression from immunofluorescence imaging tiles spanning roughly 6 mm along the D-V axis of the mouse retina. From analyzing the opsin expression of ∼250,000 cells, we found that cones make a binary decision between S-opsin only and co-expression competent fates. Co-expression competent cells express graded levels of S- and M-opsins, depending nonlinearly on their position in the dorsal-ventral axis. M- and S-opsin expression display differential, inverse patterns. Using these single-cell data we developed a quantitative, stochastic model of cone cell decisions in the retinal tissue based on thyroid hormone signaling activity. The model recovers the probability distribution for cone fate patterning in the mouse retina and describes a minimal set of interactions that are necessary to reproduce the observed cell fates. Our study provides a paradigm describing how differential responses to regulatory inputs generate complex patterns of binary and graded cell fates. Author Summary The development of a cell in a mammalian tissue is governed by a complex regulatory network that responds to many input signals to give the cell a distinct identity, a process referred to as cell-fate specification. Some of these cell fates have binary on-or-off gene expression patterns, while others have graded gene expression that changes across the tissue. Differentiation of the photoreceptor cells that sense light in the mouse retina provides a good example of this process. Here, we explore how complex patterns of cell fates are specified in the mouse retina by building a computational model based on analysis of a large number of photoreceptor cells from microscopy images of whole retinas. We use the data and the model to study what exactly it means for a cell to have a binary or graded cell fate and how these cell fates can be distinguished from each other. Our study shows how tens-of-thousands of individual photoreceptor cells can be patterned across a complex tissue by a regulatory network, creating a different outcome depending upon the received inputs.
Naringin attenuates high glucose-induced injuries and inflammation by modulating the leptin-JAK2/STAT3 pathway in H9c2 cardiac cells

Introduction Our previous study showed that naringin (NRG) protects cardiomyocytes against high glucose (HG)-induced injuries by inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Leptin induces hypertrophy in rat cardiomyocytes via p38/MAPK activation. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that leptin-Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), which are responsible for leptin’s functions, are involved in HG-induced injuries and cardioprotective effects of NRG in cardiomyocytes. Material and methods H9c2 cells were exposed to HG for 24 h to establish a cardiomyocyte injury model. Cells were pretreated with NRG and other drugs before exposure to HG. Protein expression was measured by western blot analysis. Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Apoptotic cells were assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were determined by dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using JC-1. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the inflammatory cytokines. Results NRG significantly attenuated HG-induced increases in leptin and Ob-R expression. Pretreatment with either a leptin antagonist (LA) or NRG markedly ameliorated HG-induced elevation of phosphorylated (p)-JAK2 and p-STAT3, respectively. Pretreatment with NRG, LA, Ob-R antagonist, or AG490 clearly alleviated HG-induced injuries and inflammation. Conclusions This study provides new evidence of the NRG protective effects of H9c2 cells against HG-induced injuries possibly via modulation of the leptin-JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
Detecção de problemas de design em aplicações Model-Template-View

A arquitetura de software retrata um conjunto de decisoes de design, geralmente tomadas antes da implementacao do sistema, com o objetivo de alcancar niveis desejados de atributos de qualidade de software. Um padrao arquitetural fornece um conjunto de decisoes de design especificas que sao aplicaveis a problemas de design recorrentes. A quebra dessas decisoes, alem de impactar negativamente nos atributos de qualidade de software, podem levar o sistema a iniciar um processo de degradacao arquitetural. O padrao arquitetural Model-Template-View (MTV), implementado pelo framework Django, contem um conjunto de decisoes tomadas para incentivar o baixo acoplamento e a separacao rigorosa entre as partes da aplicacao. No entanto, no processo de evolucao da aplicacao, decisoes de design podem ser quebradas. Nesse sentido, investigamos a deteccao de problemas de design relacionados ao padrao arquitetural MTV com o objetivo de manter os niveis desejados de qualidade de aplicacoes MTV. As principais contribuicoes deste trabalho foram a elaboracao de um catalogo de problemas de design especificos do padrao arquitetural MTV e a construcao de uma ferramenta para deteccao automatizada destes problemas atraves da analise estatica. O catalogo e a ferramenta de deteccao foram validados no contexto do Sistema Unificado de Administracao Publica (SUAP) desenvolvido pelo Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte – IFRN.
Scheduling Algorithms in Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing has come to be perception for large scale of distributed computing and parallel processing. Cloud computing is a form of internet based computing that provides shared computer processing resources and data to computers and other devices on demand. The execution and suitability of cloud computing services always depends upon the completion of the user tasks affirmed to the cloud system. Task scheduling is one of the main types of scheduling performed. Scheduling is the major issue in establishing cloud computing system. The scheduling algorithms should order the jobs in a way where balance between improving the performance and quality of service and at the same time maintaining the efficiency and fairness among the jobs. This paper aims at studying various scheduling methods. A good scheduling technique also helps in proper and efficient utilization of the resources. Many scheduling techniques have been developed by the researchers like GA (Genetic Algorithm), PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization), Min-Min, Max-Min, Priority based Job Scheduling Algorithm
High-voltage vertical GaN-on-GaN Schottky barrier diode using fluorine ion implantation treatment

This paper reports on a high-voltage vertical GaN Schottky barrier diode (SBD) using fluorine (F) ion implantation treatment. Compared with the GaN SBD without F implantation, this SBD effectively enhanced the breakdown voltage from 155V to 775V and significantly reduced the reverse leakage current by 105 times. These results indicate that the F-implanted SBD showed improved reverse capability. In addition, a high Ion/Ioff ratio of 108 and high Schottky barrier height of 0.92 eV were also achieved for this diode with F implantation. The influence of F ion implantation in this SBD was also discussed in detail. It was found that F ion implantation to GaN could not only create a high-resistant region as effective edge termination but be employed for adjusting the carrier density of the surface of GaN, which were both helpful to achieve high breakdown voltage and suppress reverse leakage current. This work shows the potential for fabricating high-voltage and low-leakage SBDs using F ion implantation treatment.
Regenerative Stormwater Conveyances in Knoxville, TN: A Performance Analysis and Investigation of Design Feature Alternatives

Regenerative Stormwater Conveyances (RSCs) are an innovative approach to repairing local channel incision at stormwater outfalls while simultaneously treating stormwater runoff, providing groundwater recharge, and establishing floodplain connectivity. Although RSCs are increasingly being utilized for watershed restoration, little research has been performed on these systems. This study uses the commercially available computational fluid dynamics program, FLOW-3DTM, and hypothesizes that RSC system design can be improved to maximize velocity and energy dissipation while minimizing erosion potential. Results found that it is possible to create a strategically designed system that maximizes velocity and energy reductions, providing insight that is currently lacking regarding design of RSCs. Overall it was determined that lower length to width ratios are preferred for reducing velocities and energies, with study results suggestion designing with a L/W pool ratio of 0.7. It was also found that design of the first two pools of the system appears to be most critical for dissipating erosive flows and that a minimum number of pools is necessary for adequately reducing velocities and energy before discharging to the receiving stream. These findings are beneficial for to the design community as they allow a better understanding of RSC function and how manipulation of system geomorphology can improve stability.
Multi-Objective Optimization using Genetic Algorithm or Nonlinear Goal Programming

Many engineering problems in its formulation has the need to address the mathematical model as a problem with multiple objectives, also called multiple criteria decision making (MCDM). In practice, this type of problem occurs due to lack of resources to meet all the project needs. One simple and illustrative example relates the objectives, cost and safety. In engineering projects we are always looking to maximize safety and minimize the project cost. These goals are often antagonistic and deserve to be treated with the application of MCDM mathematical models. To solve MCDM problems, various techniques may be used and this article discusses the application of two different solution methods: the use of non linear goal programming technique (NLGP) and the application of genetic algorithms (GA) to solve problems multiple criteria. NLGP were developed during the Second World War and require some expertise to determine the Pareto frontier. Genetic Algorithm, presented in the mid-1970 by J.Holland, was popularized by one of his students D. Goldberg in 1989. The technique presents many advantages but also some problems to be overtake. This article presents the aim of the two techniques, discusses their advantages and disadvantages and illustrates the application with two case studies where we compare the results obtained and the time needed to reach a solution to the problems presented. A discussion is made regarding the establishment of weights for the objectives and the process to decide the best design in the Pareto frontier. The two case studies were selected to illustrate the NLGP and the GA techniques application. The first one is a mathematical non linear problem and the second is selected from the naval architecture and ocean engineering field. Finally, recommendations are given for an efficient implementation of the methods in some engineering design problems.
Abstract—We fabricated a novel resonant-tunneling-diode terahertz oscillator with high-frequency modulation structure for high-capacity terahertz communication and measured the frequency response using vector network

We fabricated a novel resonant-tunneling-diode terahertz oscillator with high-frequency modulation structure for high-capacity terahertz communication and measured the frequency response using vector network analyzer. A very high cut-off frequency of 30 GHz in intensity modulation was obtained by the device oscillating at 350 GHz with reduced MIM capacitor of 0.7 pF.
The Design of College Student Growth Management System Based on Data Mining

The concept of “big data” has been mentioned much more times than ever before. At present, the hardware and distributed system with high performance can help us process the data more quickly, and handle “all data” instead of “random data”. It is not necessary to depend on the sampling method when dealing with all the data and the result will be more reasonable. College student growth management system is designed to solve the problems such as “what kind of job will suit me” or “what courses will bring troubles for me”. Employment guidance works by finding similar students in database by using collaborative filtering algorithm. Academic warning tries to find rules in the courses that students often fail with the classic Apriori algorithm.
Semiparametric Autoregressive Conditional Proportional Hazard Models

A new semiparametric proportional hazard rate model is proposed which extends standard models to include a dynamic specification. Two main problems are resolved in the course of this paper. First, the partial likelihood approach to estimate the components of a standard proportional hazard model is not available in a dynamic model involving lags of the log integrated baseline hazard. We use a discretisation approach to obtain a semiparametric estimate of the baseline hazard. Second, the log integrated baseline hazard is not observed directly, but only through a threshold function. We employ a special type of observation driven dynamic which allows for a computationally simple maximum likelihood estimation. This specifications approximates a standard ARMA model in the log integrated baseline hazard and is identical if the baseline hazard is known. It is shown that this estimator is quite flexible and easily extended to include unobserved heterogeneity, censoring and state dependent hazard rates. A Monte Carlo study on the approximation quality of the model and an empirical study on BUND future trading at the former DTB complement the paper.