Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Coevolution of Tourism and Agriculture

Coevolution is a term borrowed from biology, and is used to describe the development of two different populations under mutually interdependent circumstances. This article addresses tourism and food production in a coevolution context. Twenty-one examples from around the world illustrate the formats of coevolution, which benefits tourism and food production alike. While these initiatives are not (yet) mainstream in tourism, they nevertheless constitute changes that match tourism trends in the demand for food experiences with wider meaning and significance. For agriculture and food production, tourism opens new possibilities for diversification and economic opportunities that move beyond traditional business models. Its contribution lies in further development in evolutionary and environmental economists' work on socioenvironmental coevolution, and interaction between human and biophysical systems, which are systematized and discussed according to six characteristics: specificity, reciprocity, simultaneity, genetic fixing, boundary crossing, and organically derived.
Prevalence of subclinical ketosis and production diseases in dairy cows in Central and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and Eastern Europe1

Abstract Subclinical ketosis (SCK) and periparturient diseases considerably account for economic and welfare losses in dairy cows. The majority of scientific reports investigating the prevalence of SCK and production diseases are based on empirical studies conducted in Western Europe and North America. The present study surveyed the prevalence of SCK and production-related clinical diseases in early lactating cows in various countries across the world other than those in North America and Western Europe. Twelve countries of South and Central America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico), Africa (South Africa), Asia (Thailand, China), Eastern Europe (Russia, Ukraine), Australia, and New Zealand were assessed, and data from a total of 8,902 cows kept at 541 commercial dairy farms were obtained. A minimum of five cows per farm were blood sampled and examined once after parturition up to day 21 of lactation. Blood concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate was measured (threshold for SCK: 1.2 mmol/L), and the presence of production-related diseases such as milk fever, retained placenta, mastitis, metritis, displaced abomasum, lameness, and clinical ketosis was recorded. More than 95% of all cows were examined in their second week of lactation. Across all investigated countries, the SCK prevalence was 24.1%, ranging from 8.3% up to 40.1%. The prevalence of production-related diseases detected during the first 21 d of lactation was relatively low (<5%). Calculated odds ratios did not indicate an elevated risk for production diseases in cows with SCK. Despite differences in production systems across countries and variation between individual farms within a region, the present study data on SCK prevalence align with observations in Western European and North American dairy herds. At the very early stage of sampling and clinical examination for detection of SCK, it cannot be excluded that certain production diseases such as displaced abomasum, lameness, and mastitis have developed later.
The effect of biological particles and their ageing processes on aerosol radiative properties: Model sensitivity studies

Abstract. Biological aerosol particles (BAPs) such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and pollen, represent a small fraction of the total aerosol burden. However due to their unique properties, they have been suggested to be important in for radiative forcing by the aerosol direct and indirect effects. By means of process model studies, we compare the sensitivity of these radiative effects to various physicochemical BAP properties (e.g. number concentration, diameter, hygroscopicity, surface tension, contact angle between ice and particles). Exceeding previous sensitivity studies, we explore not only the variability of these properties among different BAP types, but also the extent to which chemical (e.g. nitration), physical (e.g. fragmentation) and biological (e.g. bacteria cell generation) ageing processes of BAPs can modify these properties. Our model results lead to a ranking of the various properties for the radiative effects: (i) Given that BAPs contribute ~ 0.1 % to total cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration, their effect on total CCN is likely small. (ii) BAPs number fraction of large particles (diameter > ~ 0.5 μm) is much higher, resulting in a relatively more important effect on direct radiative forcing. (iii) In mixed-phase clouds at T > −10 °C, BAPs can contribute ~ 100 % to ice nuclei (IN), which makes their role as IN the most important. Our study highlights the need of implementing ageing processes of different BAPs into models as BAP size, CCN and IN activity and optical properties may be sufficiently altered to affect BAP's residence time and survival in the atmosphere. In particular, we suggest the potential role of biological processes, that are currently not included in aerosol models due to the sparsity of comprehensive data, could affect physicochemical BAP properties.
Reviewing the Field of External Knowledge Search for Innovation: Theoretical Underpinnings and Future (Re‐)search Directions

The field of external knowledge search for innovation has a long tradition and has inspired several schools of thought resulting in a rich and burgeoning body of research. However, the field suffers from two key limitations. First, the pluralism of research across multiple disciplines impedes our attention to the field as a whole, including its intellectual structure and core ideas. Second, recent developments in the business environment and key new ideas in the field complement taken-for-granted approaches and provide new opportunities for knowledge search. Based on a systematic co-citation analysis, we provide a reflective review of the literature and make several contributions. We integrate existing research across disciplines and offer a synthesis of a fragmented research landscape to present a global view of the field. Moreover, we propose a novel external search concept and introduce the idea of “decoupled search. ” Leveraging our synthesis and conceptualization further, we recommend future research directions for the entire field of external knowledge search for innovation.
The Levels of Perceived Emotional Abuse among Pakistani Husbands and Wives

Emotional abuse in marital or committed couples has been reported differently in literature. There has been a traditional theme that husbands are significantly more emotionally abusive toward their wives. This trend, however, has been changing due to the social participation and educational uplift of women. The current study intended to explore the prevalence and levels of emotional abuse among husbands and wives. The study involved 177 husbands and 139 wives and administered the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse to assess the levels of emotional abuse among the respondents. The findings revealed that husbands felt significantly more emotional abuse from wives.
Regulation of the Dopamine D1-D2 Receptor Heterooligomer

Dopamine receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and play important roles in neuronal transmission. A D1-D2 receptor heterooligomer generating a Gprotein linked PLC-dependent intracellular calcium signal was previously identified. The discovery of this dopamine mediated calcium signal implicated a direct link between dopamine receptors and calcium generation, but its regulation remained to be elucidated. By measuring calcium signaling with Fluo-4 fluorescence or cameleon FRET, rapid desensitization of the calcium signal in heterologous cells and striatal neurons was demonstrated by pre-treatment with SKF 83959, which selectively activates D1-D2 receptor heteromers, or SKF 83822 which only activates D1 receptor homooligomers. Although SKF 83822 was unable to activate D1-D2 receptor heteromers, it still permitted desensitization of the calcium signal. This suggested that occupancy of the D1 receptor binding pocket by SKF 83822 resulted in conformational changes sufficient for desensitization without activation of the heteromer. BRET and coimmunoprecipitation studies indicated an agonist induced interaction between the D1-D2 receptor heteromer and GRK2. Increased expression of GRK2 led to a decrease in the calcium signal and decreased expression of GRK2 led to an increased calcium signal. Expression of the catalytically inactive and RGS mutated GRK2 constructs each led to a partial recovery of the GRK2-attenuated calcium signal. These results indicated that desensitization of the D1-D2 receptor heteromer mediated calcium signal can occur by agonist occupancy even without activation and is regulated by two distinct functions of GRK2. Immunocytochemistry and calcium assays demonstrated that recycling of internalized D1 and D2 receptors and iii resensitization of the desensitized calcium signal occurred after dopamine pre-treatment but not SKF 83959, suggesting that the trafficking and resensitization response associated with the D1D2 receptor heteromer is differentially regulated by specific ligands. Overall, these results suggest that D1-D2 receptor heterooligomers are uniquely regulated from their constituent receptors which are not coupled to Gq.
Extraction of oligosaccharides and phenolic compounds by roasting pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis from spent coffee ground

Spent coffee ground (SCG) is the waste generated during the preparation of instant coffee and is the source of industrially valuable organic compounds. In this article, SCG was pretreated by roasting at 150°C for 30 minutes and heated with water at 90°C for extracting carbohydrates and phenolic compounds, after which 1.0% (w/w) β-mannanase was applied for the hydrolysis of pretreated SCG. SCG is characterized in terms of its total sugar content by the anthrone–sulfuric assay and phenolic compounds by Folin−Ciocalteu’s procedure. In this study, the total sugar increased by 14.79% (w/w) by the roasting process, and subsequently enzymatic hydrolysis increased the total sugar yield up to 17.43% (w/w) compared to the untreated SCG, i.e., 10.24% (w/w). The reducing sugar was estimated by the dinitrosalicylic acid method and the end product increased to 106.10 (mg Glucose/g) from the initial content 5.32 (mg Glucose/g raw SCG). The total phenolic compound increased to 291.86 (mg Gallic acid/g lyophilized material), which was a 6.39-fold increase compared to the native SCG (45.68 mg Gallic acid/g). These results point to the valuable compounds present in SCG, can be enhanced by combining the roasting pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, and can be utilized in the food and biotech industries.
The Ostroms and the contestable nature of goods: beyond taxonomies and toward institutional polycentricity

Abstract This paper builds on the Ostroms' oeuvre to suggest that the binary Samuelsonian taxonomy of goods – or the ‘sterile dichotomy’, as Elinor Ostrom calls it – cannot serve as a reliable guide for public policy. Using the Ostroms' insights on co-production, institutional matching, and polycentricity, we argue that the ‘inherent’ nature of goods and their specific taxonomy are not static and definitive concepts but are instead contestable and dynamic features that are institutionally contingent. We explore four crucial mechanisms and/or contexts, not altogether unrelated, whereby the nature of goods becomes contestable and malleable: namely, (1) technological and geographical factors, (2) coproduction and entrepreneurial ingenuity, (3) bundling and unbundling of services, and (4) ideologies and regime shifts. This exercise has twofold purposes. First, we generalize the notion that there is nothing ‘inherent’ in the nature of goods and services and that they are fluid, heterogeneous, and malleable concepts. Second, we contribute to the debate on the provision of public goods and the role of civil society by highlighting the need for institutional malleability and diversity adaptive to changing technology, contexts, and institutional conditions.
Molecular analysis of TTL-deficiency in pre- and postmitotic cells

Microtubules (MTs) are involved in a large variety of cellular functions. Both the polar structure and the highly dynamic behaviour as well as interaction partners and several posttranslational modifications influence microtubule properties. This study focuses on the tyrosination cycle, an a-tubulin-specific posttranslational modification. In order to uncover its physiological role, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking tubulin-tyrosine ligase (TTL) were characterized regarding different tubulin pools and MT plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs). In the past, a mislocalisation of the +TIP CLIP-170 in TTL knockout neurons (Erck et al., 2005) as well as the inability of CAP-Gly domain-containing +TIPs to bind MT plus-ends in Tyr-negative MEFs have been reported (Peris et al., 2006). Here we clearly demonstrate that CAP-Gly domain-containing proteins localise at plus-ends of both tyrosinated and detyrosinated MTs. Interestingly, CLIP-115-decorated MT plus-end comets are elongated in Tyr-negative TTL-deficient MEFs. Furthermore, as compared to wild type MEFs, CLIP-115 appears in a less phosphorylated state in TTL knockout MEFs. Inhibition of different phosphatases indicated the involvement of a tyrosine residue. Subsequently, site-directed mutagenesis revealed an important role for tyrosine 270 in MT binding. Additionally, mass spectrometry analyses identified two CLIP-115 peptides that most probably contain a serine phosphorylation. One of these peptides covers a part of the second serine-rich region of CLIP-115, which is involved in MT plus-end tracking. Future experiments should, therefore, concentrate on the involvement of the contained serine residues in MT binding. Moreover, the identification of kinases or phosphatases that affect CLIP-115 in TTL knockout cells will ultimately reveal a new +TIP/MT binding mechanism.
Regional housing price dependency in the UK: A dynamic network approach

The cross-regional dependency in the UK housing market is analysed using regional house price indices. In this article, a network approach based on partial correlations is proposed, along with rolling-window analysis to consider potential time-varying dependency. The results show that house prices in the outer South East region have the strongest influence on regional housing market interactions in the UK. This influence is stronger when the markets are highly interconnected, whereas the house prices in London have the strongest influence when the UK regional housing markets are relatively less connected.
The Theoretical Prediction of the Mutagenic Regions of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene

For more than 25 years, we have been looking for biomathematical laws controlling and structuring DNA, genes, proteins, chromosomes and genomes [1,2]. In 1997 we discovered a simple numerical law based solely on atomic masses, UNIFYING the 3 languages of biology: DNA, RNA, and amino acids. This law, “the Master Code of Biology” is published in 2009 in the book Codex Biogenesis [3] and then in 2015 in a reference article peer review [4]. In 2017 we publish different applications: HIV, SNPs, brain genetics: Prions, Amyloids, DUF1220. In other hand, the TP53 Tumor Suppressor gene plays a central role in a majority of cancers [5,6]. Between January 1993 and July 1996, more than 4300 papers have been published in which the term “p53” appears in the title! Then, p53 has been named Molecule of the Year by the editors of the journal Science (13), and the “guardian of the genome” by many researchers.
Energy Utilization of Kinetic Paving Technology

Nowadays, electricity has become a priority in daily life and can even be considered as a primary human need. On the other hand, the excessive use of electricity or energy and the increase in population is one of the factors that can increase energy requirements. In Indonesia, the use of electricity comes from very limited natural resources. Therefore, energy savings should be implemented, either by using as necessary or even making an update that can sustain existing electrical energy. Apart from saving energy, it would be better to create new energy with minimal effort. Like producing energy from daily human activities, one of it is walking. The result is the creation of Kinetic Paving material technology that when people step on it will produce electricity. The benefits of this technology can create electricity that can be used for the environment of this kinetic paving. As for lighting in paving as lighting art or as a source of energy for surrounding buildings. Kinetic Paving is applied in pedestrian traffic spaces. This energy is expected to help the community and the surrounding environment. This is an update that should have been implemented. When natural resources are getting low and energy prices are getting higher, we need all these reforms.
A simple and improved score confidence interval for a single proportion

Abstract Confidence interval (CI) for a proportion has been a topic discussed repeatedly in the literature because of its omnipresence in applications. A wide variety of CIs have been proposed since the Wald CI for a proportion performs quite poorly. Among them, the Wilson score interval is widely recommended. However, the Wilson score method suffers from the so-called “downward spikes” when the proportion is close to 0 or 1. Except for the exact methods which ensure the coverage probability be at least the nominal size, the performances of existing proposed methods are similar to the Wilson score CI or its slightly improved version at the cost of increased interval width or computational complexity. In this study, we propose a simple CI which has very good performance in the coverage probability, confidence width, and the location. Especially when the proportion is <20% or >80% the CI proposed has a shorter confidence width than the Wilson score method. In combination our new method with the Newcombe’s hybrid way to construct CI for the difference of two independent proportions, we also get a better CI.
The Luminescence Mechanism of Glycitein

Amyloid β-peptide is a well-known therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease. Many studies have focused on the design and synthesis of effective fluorescent probes. Glycitein has been reported inhibit amyloid-β peptide aggregation, and solution of glycitein alone can give a maximum fluorescence emission at 465nm with excitation at 350nm. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) have been used to interpret the fluorescence luminescence mechanism of glycitein. Glycitein’s fluorescence luminescence mechanism was the intramolecular charge transfer. The result of this study maybe useful to find the further potent fluorescent probes for alzheimer’s early clinical diagnosis.
Agrobiodiversity through evolutionary plant breeding – System specific adaptation of agronomic and morphological traits and effective populations size in composite cross populations of winter wheat

Effective Population Size (Ne) of three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) composite cross populations (CCPs) that had been maintained as a total of twelve repeated parallel populations under organic and conventional conditions from the F7 to the F12 were analysed. The number of plants (N) needed to maintain an Ne of 5000 for each population was calculated based on the mean variation in the number of gametes per parent . Variability in kernel number per plant was high, leading to large variations in the contribution of single plants to the next generation. Also, N required for an Ne of 5000 individuals was somewhat variable among the CCPs, but changed little from the F7 (mean N of 11,955) to the F9 (mean N 11,854) under the assumption of 2 % outcrossing. There was, however, a considerable increase between the F9 and the F12, most likely due to extreme winterkill during the period from December 2011 to April 2012 causing a bottleneck. Mean required N for the populations in the F12 was 14,373. This demonstrates the potential risk of random events to strongly affect evolutionary breeding if population sizes are not sufficient. The calculation of this value using demographic data can only give general estimations. Nevertheless, it was well suited to show that actual drift was very limited during the development and maintenance of the CCPs maintained at the University of Kassel, even under such disruptive climatic events as described for the winter of 2011/12. Brumlop et al., Effective Population Size (Ne) of Six Organically and Six Conventionally Grown Composite Cross Winter Wheat Populations in Generation F7, F8, F9, and F12 61
Phosphorus Restriction as an Alternative to Chemical Plant Growth Retardants in Angelonia and New Guinea Impatiens

Chemical plant growth retardants (PGRs) are commonly used to produce compact bedding plants. Few PGRs are labeled for sensitive species because of the concern of excessive restriction of stem elongation or phytotoxicity. Growers are therefore presented with a dilemma: produce untreated plants that may be too tall or risk applying a PGR that can potentially lead to irreversible aesthetic damage to the plant. Nutrient restriction, specifically of phosphorus (P), may be used to control plant height. This study was conducted to determine if restricting P fertilization yielded comparable growth control to plants produced with PGRs. Two cultivars each of new guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) and angelonia (Angelonia angustifolia) were grown using five fertilizers that varied by P concentration (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 ppm). Half of the plants from each P fertilizer concentration were treated with paclobutrazol at 4 and 5 weeks after transplant for angelonia and new guinea impatiens, respectively. On termination of the experiment, data were collected for height, diameter, and dry weight, which were used to determine a growth index (GI). Angelonia GI values weremaximized with 7–9 ppm P, whereas new guinea impatiens GI was maximized with 8–11 ppm P. Concentrations of 3–5 ppm P provided similar height control to plants grown with nonlimiting P and a paclobutrazol application. Concentrations of £2.5 ppm P resulted in low-quality plants with visual symptoms of P deficiency. These results indicate that a narrow range of P concentrations may be used to control stem elongation and keep plants compact.
Prevalence of ADHD Symptomatology in Adult Population in the Czech Republic–A National Study

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common neurodevelopmental disorder frequently diagnosed between the ages 7 and 10 years. We measured ADHD symptomatology in a representative sample of the Czech population. Material and Methods: Data collection was performed in January 2019 through the European National Panel. The respondents completed a demographic questionnaire focusing on ADHD history and a standardized questionnaire, the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) screener for ADHD symptomatology in adulthood. Results: From the sample of 1,518 respondents, 3% of the respondents reported having been diagnosed with ADHD/hyperkinetic disorder in their lifetime. According to ASRS scoring, 119 respondents were classified as suspected ADHD. Overall, more males than females reported ADHD symptomatology. Age was also significantly associated with ASRS. Education status yielded no significant results. Conclusion: Our study documents that the prevalence of ADHD symptomatology in adults is comparable with that in Western countries despite the different historical and health care backgrounds.