Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preventable Drug-Related Hospital Admissions

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of preventable drug-related hospital admissions (PDRAs) and to explore if selected study characteristics affect prevalence estimates. METHODS: Keyword search of MEDLINE (1966–December 1999), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–December 1999), and hand search. Two reviewers independently selected studies published in peer-reviewed journals and extracted crude prevalence estimates and study characteristics. Trials had to specifically address consequences of drug therapy requiring hospital admission and include a quantitative preventability assessment. Stratified analysis and meta-regression were used to explore the association between study characteristics and prevalence estimates. DATA SYNTHESIS: Fifteen studies reported a median PDRA prevalence of 4.3% (interquartile range [IQR] 3.1–9.5%). The median preventability rate of drug-related admissions was 59% (IQR 50–73%). No evidence of publication bias related to study size could be determined. Because the individual study results were highly heterogeneous (Cochran's Q = 176, df = 14; p < 0.001), no meta-analytic summary estimate was computed. Stratified analysis suggested an association between prevalence estimates and 3 study characteristics: exclusion of first admissions (readmission studies: average PDRA prevalence of 14.0 %, estimated prevalence OR = 3.7); mean age of admissions >70 (OR = 2.1); and inclusion of “indirect” drug-related morbidity, such as omission errors or therapeutic failure (OR = 1.9). There was little evidence of other associations with prevalence estimates, such as selection of specific hospital units, exclusion/inclusion of planned admissions, country, and specified methods of PDRA case ascertainment. CONCLUSIONS: Drug-related morbidity is a significant healthcare problem, and a great proportion is preventable. Study methods in prevalence reports vary and should be considered when interpreting findings or planning future research.
Knockdown of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha reduces proliferation, induces apoptosis and attenuates the aggressive phenotype of retinoblastoma WERI-Rb-1 cells under hypoxic conditions.

BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in tumor cell adaption to hypoxia by inducing the transcription of numerous genes. The role of HIF-1α in malignant retinoblastoma remains unclear. We analyzed the role of HIF-1α in WERI-Rb-1 retinoblastoma cells under hypoxic conditions. METHODS CoCl2 (125 mmol/L) was added to the culture media to mimic hypoxia. HIF-1α was silenced using siRNA. Gene and protein expression were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation, adhesion and invasion were assayed using MTT, Transwell invasion, and cell adhesion assays respectively. RESULT Hypoxia significantly upregulated HIF-1α protein expression and the HIF-1α target genes VEGF, GLUT1, and Survivin mRNA. HIF-1α mRNA expression was not affected by hypoxia. Transfection of the siRNA expression plasmid pRNAT-CMV3.2/Neo-HIF-1α silenced HIF-1α by approximately 80% in hypoxic WERI-Rb-1 cells. The knockdown of HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions downregulated VEGF, GLUT1, and Survivin mRNA. It also inhibited proliferation, promoted apoptosis, induced the G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and reduced the adhesion and invasion of WERI-Rb-1 cells. CONCLUSION HIF-1α plays a major role in the survival and aggressive phenotype of retinoblastoma cells under hypoxic conditions. Targeting HIF-1α may be a promising therapeutic strategy for human malignant retinoblastoma.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF DISSEMINATED SCLEROSIS

Many investigations have been made of the psychiatric aspects of disseminated sclerosis, but there is little agreement on the findings or on their significance. In this paper a report is made of an investigation of 100 patients suffering from disseminated sclerosis and of 100 control patients, with regard to premorbid personality, emotional antecedents of the illness, and psychiatric emotional and intellectual changes following the illness.
Global Advances in Health and Medicine

Science, technology, and medicine (STM) are not immune to the widespread and persistent crises that have defined the 21st century. We, the editors of Global Advances in Health and Medicine (GAHMJ), a new scholarly medical journal, believe that solutions in healthcare will be ones that accelerate the application of global advances in health and medicine, resulting in improved population-health management, healthcare delivery, and patient outcomes. The journal is focused on solutions in 3 main areas: (1) systems theory and medicine, (2) the global convergence of healthcare practices, and (3) evidence from the point of care (eg, medical case reports). And GAHMJ is more than a scholarly medical journal; it is a communication platform. The journal itself is cross-disciplinary and peer reviewed and offers innovative STM content for the worldwide community of healthcare professionals who actively participate in the healthcare debate.
Biobank participants ’ preferences for research updates : Tailoring communication services

Data and sample donation from diverse populations is critical for research findings to have a broad impact. The goal of this study is to better understand study participant attitudes and preferences for updates on biobank-related research activities. We also hope to understand if there are differences in these topics between demographic groups. In this analysis of 51 survey respondents, we found that younger adults prefer e-Newsletters significantly more than older adults (92% vs 62%), and adults of lower education status prefer text updates significantly more than adults of higher education status (20% vs 3%). However, we found no significant differences in preferences for frequency or type of update, nor in trust in Johns Hopkins Medicine staff with respect to age, education, and gender. These analyses can inform the design of communication services that can be tailored to the preferences of biobank participants, allowing for more robust and diverse research participation.
Mapping the Core of the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock Defines the Network Structure of the Oscillator

Tic TOC1 Plant Clock The molecular clocks intertwined with cellular physiology regulate daily cycles. In plants, these circadian rhythms affect processes as diverse as carbon metabolism and leaf orientation. Huang et al. (p. 75, published online 8 March) have now analyzed the interactions driven by a key element of the circadian clock in plants, TOC1 (“TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1”). TOC1 helps to coordinate responses of the morning and evening cycles, functioning to repress activity of other clock components. Morning and evening components of circadian rhythms are coordinated and stabilized by a repressor. In many organisms, the circadian clock is composed of functionally coupled morning and evening oscillators. In Arabidopsis, oscillator coupling relies on a core loop in which the evening oscillator component TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) was proposed to activate a subset of morning-expressed oscillator genes. Here, we show that TOC1 does not function as an activator but rather as a general repressor of oscillator gene expression. Repression occurs through TOC1 rhythmic association to the promoters of the oscillator genes. Hormone-dependent induction of TOC1 and analysis of RNA interference plants show that TOC1 prevents the activation of morning-expressed genes at night. Our study overturns the prevailing model of the Arabidopsis circadian clock, showing that the morning and evening oscillator loops are connected through the repressing activity of TOC1.
Poly[aqua[μ-1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethene-κ2 N:N′][μ-5-(diphenylphosphinoyl)isophthalato-κ3 O 1,O 1′:O 3]nickel(II)]

In the title compound, [Ni(C20H13O5P)(C12H10N2)(H2O)]n, the NiII cation is coordinated by three O atoms from two 5-(diphenylphosphinoyl)isophthalate anions, two N atoms from two 1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethene ligands and one water molecule in a distorted octahedral geometry. Both 1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethene and 5-(diphenylphosphinoyl)isophthalate bridge the NiII cations to form polymeric layers parallel to (001). In the crystal, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding links layers into a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.
Successful antiretroviral therapy delivery and retention in care among asymptomatic individuals with high CD4+ T-cell counts above 350 cells/&mgr;l in rural Uganda

Background:HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) is being rapidly scaled up in sub-Saharan Africa, including recently patients with CD4+ T-cell counts above 350 cells/&mgr;l. However, concerns persist about adherence and virologic suppression among these asymptomatic, high CD4+ cell count individuals. Objective:To determine the virologic efficacy and safety of ART among asymptomatic HIV-positive Ugandan adults with high CD4+ cell counts above 350 cells/&mgr;l via a streamlined model of care. Design:Prospective nonrandomized clinical study (EARLI Study: clinicaltrials.gov NCT#01479634). Setting:Prototypic rural Ugandan HIV clinic. Patients/participants:Asymptomatic, ART-naive adults (aged >18 years, N = 197) with CD4+ at least 350 cells/&mgr;l, without pregnancy or WHO stage 3/4 illness. Interventions:ART included tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz, with ritonavir/lopinavir substitution for efavirenz available. Streamlined ART model included nurse-driven visits with physician back-up, basic safety laboratory monitoring with HIV viral load, clinician telephone contact, and defaulter tracking. No incentives were provided. Outcomes:Undetectable viral load (⩽400 copies/ml) at 24 and 48 weeks [intention to treat (ITT); missing = detectable), self-reported ART adherence, retention in care, and laboratory/clinical ART toxicities. Results:Of the 197 patients with CD4+ above 350 cells/&mgr;l, median CD4+ cell count was 569 cells/&mgr;l (interquartile range 451–716). Undetectable viral load was achieved in 189 of 197 (95.9%, ITT) and 189 of 195 (96.9%, ITT) of participants at weeks 24 and 48, respectively. Self-reported adherence was 98% and 192 of 197 (97%) of the patients were retained at week 48. Laboratory adverse events and hospitalizations were rare. Conclusions:We demonstrate high virologic suppression, retention, and safety among asymptomatic individuals with CD4+ above 350 cells/&mgr;l in a prototypic Ugandan clinic. Our results challenge current concerns that individuals with high CD4+ cell count lack motivation for ART, and may not achieve sustained virologic suppression.
Performance of Pap smear and human papilloma virus testing in the follow‐up of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 managed conservatively

Background. Conservative management (follow‐up) of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) is acceptable, but evidence on performance of follow‐up tools, such as Pap smear and human papilloma virus (HPV) test, is still needed. Methods. A cohort of 78 women with histologically confirmed CIN1, referred because of atypical squamous cell or low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in their Pap smear, was enrolled between August 2000 and September 2002 and was prospectively followed‐up at 6 and 12 months, until September 2003. Follow‐up examinations included Pap test and Hybrid Capture II (HCII) with high‐risk HPV, colposcopy, and cervical biopsies in patients with persistent abnormalities. Odds ratios and performance indicators (with 95% confidence interval) were calculated for HPV and Pap test results in detecting biopsy‐confirmed CIN during the follow‐up. Results. Thirty‐seven (47%) of the women were HPV‐positive at baseline. At first follow‐up visit, 30 women had persistent CIN1 and one woman progressed to CIN2; 15 patients had CIN1 and one patient CIN2 at the second follow‐up visit. Women with persistent CIN1 (or progression) during follow‐up had a significantly higher HPV detection rate and abnormal Pap tests, compared to women with regressive disease. Cytology had a far better sensitivity in detecting CIN than HCII at the first follow‐up visit (81 versus 52%, respectively), whereas both examinations had equivalent sensitivities at the second follow‐up visit (69 and 56%, respectively). Cytology had a superior negative predictive value at the first follow‐up visit and better positive predictive value, in addition, at the second visit. Conclusions. Because cytological abnormalities correlated generally better with the persistence of biopsy‐confirmed CIN1 in this follow‐up protocol, HCII test is the second‐hand option to Pap test, but the use of both Pap and HCII together seems an unnecessary waste of resources.
Impact of thermal stress on the characteristics of conducted emissions

This work presents and discusses the results of a measurement campaign aimed at demonstrating the influence of aging on the spectrum produced by an electronic device. The evaluations evidence a high spectrum sensibility to the aging, which can be used for apparatus monitoring, but the electromagnetic signature, although modified, remains identifiable. The results presented refer to an extensive measurements campaign aimed at verifying the influence of thermal cycles, used to simulate the aging, on the spectral signature of a device, in order to evaluate its modification and to identify the device by signature.
Intermolecular Interactions that Lead to the Activation and Inhibition of Ribosome-Dependent GTPases

iv Acknowledgements . vi List of Figures . ix Table of Abbreviations . xi Chapter 1 – Ribosomes: structure and function . 1 Prokaryotic ribosome structure . 2 Transfer RNA . 3 Translation . 6 Initiation . 6 Elongation . 8 Termination . 15 Recycling . 16 Ribosomal Protein L7/L12 . 17 Chapter 2 – The GTPase superfamily . 20 Homology of translational GTPases . 20 Translational GTPase activation . 25 Ribosome-GTPase binding region . 29 Thesis Statement . 32 Chapter 3 – Materials and Methods . 33 Buffers . 33 Overexpression and purification of translational GTPases . 35 Electrophoresis . 37
Improving the quality of RFID Data by Utilising a Bayesian Network Cleaning Method

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology used to identify automatically a cluster of objects within a specified parameter. This technology has promised a means to cut cost of time and money in manual labor and to allow greater efficiency in numerous workplaces. However, there are various problems such as missed readings which hinder wide scale adoption of RFID systems. To this end we propose a system that utilises a Bayesian Network applied at a Deferred stage to impute and restore missed readings. Experimental results have shown that the optimal random threshold is 15/% and that the DefBayNet method improves missed data restoration process when compared with the state-of-the-art method.
Approche épidémiologique de l'accidentologie en lien avec la pratique d'activité physique non encadrée

L'activite physique fait l'objet de plus en plus de travaux demontrant son interet en prevention primaire comme tertiaire, pour de multiples maladies dont les pathologies cardio-vasculaires et cancereuses, veritables enjeux de sante publique. L'OMS recommande ainsi une activite de type aerobie, d'intensite moderee pendant 150 minutes par semaine. Mais, si la pratique d'une activite physique se fait principalement de maniere non encadree, peu d'etudes existent sur l'accidentologie liee a cette forme de pratique. Ce travail s'est attache a etudier l'accidentologie liee a la pratique non encadree de la natation, des sports de glisse urbains, du cyclisme et de la course a pied, via l'analyse du registre du Service Departemental d'Incendie et Secours de Seine-Maritime sur l'annee 2012. 64 interventions ont ete recensees dans le cadre des sports de glisse, 150 dans le cadre de la natation, et 6 sur le site de l'Avenue Verte. Les traumatismes du poignet et de l'extremite cephalique chez des adolescents de sexe masculin sont les cas majoritairement retrouves parmi les interventions sur skatepark. 35,3% des interventions en piscine font suite a des malaises. L'analyse retrouve des taux d'incidence de 8,9 interventions pour 100.000 pratiquants sur l'ensemble de piscines etudiees. Pour les skateparks, les taux d'incidence sont respectivement de 12,4 et 14,98 interventions pour 100.000 habitants pour les agglomerations du Havre et de Rouen. Un taux de 5,48 interventions pour 100.000 utilisateurs de l'Avenue Verte a ete retrouve. Ces resultats doivent rassurer le medecin dans l'incitation a la pratique d'une activite physique meme si cette derniere a lieu en dehors de toute structure.
Quelle(s) relation(s) de discours pour les structures énumératives

Les structures enumeratives, que nous nous proposons d'etudier dans cet article, sont des structures hierarchiques au plan textuel et sont frequemment associees a des marques de surface typo- dispositionnelles. Notre etude vise a explorer la contribution d'une source d'information quelque peu negligee (meme si nous n'etudierons pas directement les marques typo-dispositionnelles) a l'etablissement de la coherence discursive, et plus particulierement la contribution de cette source d'information au reperage de la relation d'Elaboration, une tâche notoirement difficile.
Congenital Heart Disease in the Older Adult: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

The population of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) has increased dramatically over the past few decades, with many people who are now middle-aged and some in the geriatric age range. This improved longevity is leading to increased use of the medical system for both routine and episodic care, and caregivers need to be prepared to diagnose, follow up, and treat the older adult with congenital heart disease (CHD). The predictable natural progression of CHD entities and sequelae of previous interventions must now be treated in the setting of late complications, acquired cardiac disease, multiorgan effects of lifelong processes, and the unrelenting process of aging. Despite the advances in this field, death rates in the population from 20 to >70 years of age may be twice to 7 times higher for the ACHD population than for their peers.1 This American Heart Association (AHA) scientific statement will focus on the older adult (>40 years old) with CHD. It is meant to be complementary to the 2008 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/AHA guidelines for ACHD and orient the reader to the natural history, ramifications of childhood repair, and late initial diagnosis of CHD in the older adult. This population with CHD is unique and distinct from both the pediatric and young adult populations with CHD. Much of the information we provide is from scientific research combined with clinical experience from longitudinal care. We emphasize that this is the beginning of a discussion regarding this rapidly growing population, and continued research aimed at the progression of disease and complications reviewed here is necessary to advance the field of ACHD with the scientific rigor it deserves. ACHD encompass a broad range of presentations. There are people who are diagnosed for the first time in adulthood, as well as those with prior palliative repair …
Graph-based variational optimization and applications in computer vision. (Optimisation variationnelle discrète et applications en vision par ordinateur)

Many computer vision applications such as image filtering, segmentation and stereovision can be formulated as optimization problems. Recently discrete, convex, globally optimal methods have received a lot of attention. Many graph-based methods suffer from metrication artefacts, segmented contours are blocky in areas where contour information is lacking. In the first part of this work, we develop a discrete yet isotropic energy minimization formulation for the continuous maximum flow problem that prevents metrication errors. This new convex formulation leads us to a provably globally optimal solution. The employed interior point method can optimize the problem faster than the existing continuous methods. The energy formulation is then adapted and extended to multi-label problems, and shows improvements over existing methods. Fast parallel proximal optimization tools have been tested and adapted for the optimization of this problem. In the second part of this work, we introduce a framework that generalizes several state-of-the-art graph-based segmentation algorithms, namely graph cuts, random walker, shortest paths, and watershed. This generalization allowed us to exhibit a new case, for which we developed a globally optimal optimization method, named "Power watershed''. Our proposed power watershed algorithm computes a unique global solution to multi labeling problems, and is very fast. We further generalize and extend the framework to applications beyond image segmentation, for example image filtering optimizing an L0 norm energy, stereovision and fast and smooth surface reconstruction from a noisy cloud of 3D points
A large number of I/O connections using compliant bump

We demonstrate a large number of I/O connections (number of bumps: 10,000, size/pitch: 10 mum/20 mum) using the compliant bump. The bump connection test was carried out by using not only daisy chain but also active-matrix switch array. These tests revealed that the compliant bump suppresses the bonding failure. We also demonstrate that the compliant bump is very effective in reducing the change in characteristic of MOSFET even when bump bonding is performed directly on the MOSFET
Análisis de determinantes de la actividad empresarial por oportunidad y por necesidad: un estudio sobre los resultados de GEM Colombia 2010

Desde 2006, el Centro de Desarrollo del Espiritu Empresarial de la Universidad Icesi junto con otras 3 universidades del pais1, se ha concentrado en determinar los niveles y caracteristicas de las actividades empresariales y de los empresarios que las realizan en Colombia, a traves de la metodologia del GEM. Este esfuerzo investigativo de caracter internacional ha tenido una marcha progresiva que empezo con una participacion 10 paises en 1999 y para 2010, reunio a 59 paises. Para 2011, se espera que esta investigacion congregue a mas de 65 paises alrededor del mundo, ampliando asi la base de datos de resultados de actividades empresariales. El objetivo de GEM es determinar una tasa de actividad empresarial para los paises participantes, representada por las empresas creadas en los ultimos 42 meses. Se establecen tambien caracteristicas y motivaciones que impulsan a los individuos a desarrollar estas actividades. Para el caso colombiano, se ha presentado algunos resultados que muestran incongruencias conceptuales ya que se han obtenido altas tasas de actividades empresariales derivadas de una oportunidad analizada, sin embargo en Colombia, se presentan altas tasas de desempleo y subempleo. Es decir, las nuevas actividades empresariales no cumplen con el papel teoricamente establecido de ser el motor del crecimiento economico. Entonces, ? cuales son las caracteristicas de los determinantes de las actividades empresariales? Es muy posible que el modelo GEM requiera una adaptacion a la realidad colombiana o incluso, de manera hipotetica, a la de algunos paises latinoamericanos cuya estructura economica depende de actividades particulares, que ciertamente se pueden clasificar como empresariales, pero que no tienen un impacto directo en el crecimiento economico, o en otras palabras, generacion de empleo, innovacion y bienestar social. Estas divergencias entre el modelo teorico GEM y la realidad colombiana, es el origen a esta investigacion.
Beta Hazard Rate Distribution and Applications

We introduce a new finite range life distribution with a hazard rate function of the form of a nonstandard beta density function. The hazard rate function is either increasing, or has a bathtub shape with a long flat middle interval. The proposed model has a simple structure. Several datasets from the reliability literature with known bathtub shaped hazards were successfully fitted to this distribution.