Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TUBERCULOSIS IN INFANTS AND IN CHILDREN: WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNTS; EVALUATION OF THE MONOCYTELYMPHOCYTE RATIO BY THE SUPRAVITAL STAINING METHOD

The following work was attempted in an effort to evaluate from a clinical standpoint the noteworthy laboratory observations made on infants and children by Cunningham, Sabin and their co-workers1and to substantiate, if possible, the correlation of the blood picture, as studied by the supravital method, and the clinical course of tuberculosis reported by Cunningham and Tompkins2after limited counts on sixty-one adult and ten juvenile patients with tuberculosis, and by Blackfan and Diamond3after supravital study of the blood of seventeen infants and children showing clinical manifestations of tuberculosis. This study was conducted at the suggestion and under the clinical guidance of Dr. Joseph Brennemann with the aid of members of the staff of the Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago. All cases observed were selected from the routine admissions to the wards of the hospital and to the outpatient clinic connected with the hospital. The x-ray films
A Fully Integrated Multiband CMOS 0.35 μM LNA for IEEE802.16 Standard

In this paper we present the design of a fully integrated low noise amplifier for WiMAX standard with AMS 0.35 μm CMOS process. This LNA is designed to cover the frequency range for licensed and unlicensed bands of the WiMAX 2.3–5.9 GHz. The proposed amplifier achieves a wide band input and output matching with S11 and S22 lower than -10 dB, a flat gain of 12 dB and a noise figure around 3.5 dB for the entire band and from the upper to the higher frequencies. The presented wide band LNA employs a Chebyshev filter for input matching and an inductive shunt feedback for output matching with a bias current of 15 mA and a supply voltage of 2.5 V.
Patient satisfaction with nursing care and related hospital services at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka

Purpose – This paper aims to assess patient satisfaction with nursing care and related hospital services, and association between satisfaction and patient characteristics at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL). Design/methodology/approach – A systematically selected sample of 380 patients warded for three to 90 days in general surgical/medical units was interviewed on discharge. Data were collected using a satisfaction instrument previously developed and validated for the same setting, that contained 36 items under five sub‐scales. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with satisfaction in each sub‐scale.Findings – The paper finds that the majority of respondents were males (61 percent), aged 35‐64 years (70 percent), educated to GCE (O/L) and above (61 percent), and previously hospitalized (66 percent). The proportion satisfied with “interpersonal care” was 81.8 percent, “efficiency and competency”, 89.7 percent, “comfort and environment”, 59.2 percent, “clea.
Retinal vascular caliber and risk of dementia

Background: Retinal vessels provide a unique opportunity to study both systemic and cerebrovascular disease. Smaller retinal arteriolar calibers are strongly related to hypertension, whereas larger retinal venular calibers are more related to inflammation, cerebral hypoperfusion, and cerebrovascular disease. Whether retinal vessel calibers are related to dementia remains unclear. Methods: We investigated whether retinal arteriolar and venular calibers are associated with risk of dementia, and its subtypes Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia, in the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. Digitized retinal images were available in 5,553 participants aged 55 years or over and dementia-free at baseline (1990–1993). Participants were re-examined in 1993–1994, 1997–1999, and 2002–2004 and were continuously monitored for development of dementia. Results: During a mean follow-up of 11.6 years, 655 participants developed dementia. AD was diagnosed in 519 and vascular dementia in 73 participants. Larger venular calibers were associated with an increased risk of dementia, in particular vascular dementia (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio per SD increase: 1.31; 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.64), but not AD. The association remained significant after adjustment for stroke and cardiovascular risk factors. Smaller arteriolar calibers were also associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia, yet only when adjusted for venular calibers. Conclusions: Retinal venular widening is associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia. Our findings are in line with previous observations in stroke and cerebral small-vessel disease and suggest that the association between larger retinal venular calibers and dementia may reflect cerebral hypoperfusion and subsequent ischemia.
Motor vehicle crashes, suicides, and assaults

Many practices likely follow persons with epilepsy (PWE), of whom the majority enjoys good seizure control. For those whose epilepsy is resistant to treatment, there are many safety concerns. Most practicing neurologists will routinely advise patients about the driving regulations in their state, and about other activities that could be associated with risk if a seizure occurred, such as working at heights, operating machinery, or swimming. For many, restrictions in activity are a major contributor toward reduced quality of life. But how risky are these activities? In this issue of Neurology ®, Kwon and colleagues1 at the University of Calgary present us with a new look into critical personal dangers associated with having epilepsy. This large retrospective population-based study included more than 51,000 individuals in a single province in Canada utilizing the Public health Registry for the Alberta Health Services Calgary Zone. The investigators compared patients with epilepsy to age-matched controls with a 1:4 ratio. The cohort constituted 97% of the population, captured in both urban and rural settings. Three …
Apathy is related to cortex morphology in CADASIL

Objectives: Apathy is a debilitating symptom in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the pathophysiology of which remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroanatomic correlates of apathy, using new MRI postprocessing methods based on the identification of cortical sulci, in a large cohort of patients with CADASIL. Methods: A total of 132 patients with genetically confirmed diagnosis were included in this prospective cohort study. Global cognitive performances were assessed by the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS) and disability by the modified Rankin score (mRS). Apathy was defined according to standard criteria. Depth, width, and cortical thickness of 10 large sulci of the frontal lobe in each hemisphere were measured. Logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate the links between apathy and cortical thickness, depth, or width of the different sulci. All models were adjusted for age, gender, level of education, MDRS, mRS, depression, and global brain volume. Results: Complete MRI datasets of high quality were available in 119 patients. Depth of the posterior cingulate sulcus exhibited the strongest association with apathy in fully adjusted models (right: p value = 0.0006; left: p value = 0.004). Depth and width of cortical sulci in mediofrontal and orbitofrontal areas were independently associated with apathy. By contrast, cortical thickness was not. Conclusions: Cortical morphology in mediofrontal and orbitofrontal areas, by contrast to cortical thickness, is strongly and independently associated with apathy. These results suggest that apathy is related to a reduction of cortical surface rather than of cortical thickness secondary to lesion accumulation in CADASIL.
Epidemiology of patellar tendon injury in elite male soccer players

Background Patellar tendon injuries are common in jumping sports. The epidemiology in soccer is not well described. Objective To study the epidemiology of patellar tendon injury in elite male soccer players and evaluate potential risk factors. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Men's professional soccer. Participants 51 European elite soccer clubs (2229 players) from three different cohorts; Swedish First League and Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Champions League cohorts playing at home grounds with natural grass, and UEFA Artificial Turf cohort playing on third generation artificial turfs, were followed between 2001 and 2009 over a varying number of seasons. Assessment of risk factors Internal (age, stature, body mass) and external (total exposure, training/match exposure ratio, team home surface, seasonal distribution, playing position) risk factors were investigated using multivariate logistic regression. Main outcome measurements Patellar tendon injury (insidious onset tendinopathy or acute partial rupture) leading to time-loss from soccer. Results 139 patellar tendon injuries were recorded (1.5% of all injuries) with an incidence of 0.12 injuries/1000 h and a season prevalence of 2.4%. Most injuries (60%) were minimal to mild (<8 days absence), and 19% were recurrent complaints. No difference in season prevalence (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.48) or incidence (RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.77) was observed between teams playing on artificial turf and natural grass. Multivariate logistic regression showed that high total exposure hours (OR 1.02 per 10 h increase; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.04) and increased body mass (OR 1.16 per 5 kg increase; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34) were significant risk factors for patellar tendon injury. Conclusion Although mainly mild in nature, patellar tendon injuries are fairly common in elite soccer and the recurrence rate is high. Exposure to artificial turf did not increase the risk of injury. Increased body mass and high total amount of exposure were identified as risk factors for patellar tendon injury.
Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori aminoacyl-tRNA amidotransferase by puromycin analogues.

Recent genomic studies revealed the absence of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase and/or asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase in many bacteria and archaea. The survival of microorganisms missing one or both of these essential enzymes implies an alternative pathway for the formation of Gln-tRNAGln and Asn-tRNAAsn. This indirect pathway involves misacylation of tRNAGln with Glu (or tRNAAsn with Asp) by a nondiscriminating synthetase and subsequent transamidation of the misacylated aa-tRNA by an amidotransferase. Analogues of the natural product puromycin have been developed to inhibit this class of enzymes which has been only recently investigated at the mechanistic and structural levels. The widespread use of the indirect transamidation pathway among prominent human pathogens and its absence in the cytosol of mammalian cells identify aminoacyl-tRNA amidotransferases as an interesting target for the development of antimicrobial agents with a novel mode of action. These mechanism-based inhibitors will provide useful probes f.
Predicting motor outcome and death in term hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Objectives: Central gray matter damage, the hallmark of term acute perinatal hypoxia-ischemia, frequently leads to severe cerebral palsy and sometimes death. The precision with which these outcomes can be determined from neonatal imaging has not been fully explored. We evaluated the accuracy of early brain MRI for predicting death, the presence and severity of motor impairment, and ability to walk at 2 years in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and basal ganglia–thalamic (BGT) lesions. Methods: From 1993 to 2007, 175 term infants with evidence of perinatal asphyxia, HIE, and BGT injury seen on early MRI scans were studied. BGT, white matter, posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), and cortex and brainstem abnormality were classified by severity. Motor impairment was staged using the Gross Motor Function Classification System. Results: The severity of BGT lesions was strongly associated with the severity of motor impairment (Spearman rank correlation 0.77; p < 0.001). The association between white matter, cortical, and brainstem injury and motor impairment was less strong and only BGT injury correlated significantly in a logistic regression model. The predictive accuracy of severe BGT lesions for severe motor impairment was 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.83–0.96). Abnormal PLIC signal intensity predicted the inability to walk independently by 2 years (sensitivity 0.92, specificity 0.77, positive predictive value 0.88, negative predictive value 0.85). Brainstem injury was the only factor with an independent association with death. Conclusion: We have shown that in term newborns with HIE and BGT injury, early MRI can be used to predict death and specific motor outcomes.
Stevedoreʼs tibia: an occupational tibial tuberosity disruption

FIGURE 2. Sonographic image of the right knee. Tibial tuberosity (TT). Patellar tendon (PT). O ccupational loading and repetitive use of the knee joint are risk factors that explain the high prevalence of knee pain among men of working age. I present an unusual case of tibial tuberosity enlargement with bone disruption in an adult patient secondary to repetitive microtrauma in the work-place. I am not aware of any similar reports in the literature.
Is Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation an Effective Alternative to Resistance Training?

summary This paper discusses the efficacy of using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in lieu of resistance training for the development of muscular fitness. Evidence suggests that NMES is not effective in the development of muscular size, power, or coordination relative to voluntary resistance training. Evidence supporting strength gains is limited to single joint training, and improvements in body composition do not occur. Even though NMES is well supported as a tool in the rehabilitation of athletic injuries, it should not be recommended as an effective alternative to traditional resistance training.
Factors associated with endometrial thickness and uterine size in a random sample of postmenopausal women.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate factors possibly associated with endometrial thickness and uterine size in a random sample of postmenopausal women. Study Design: A random sample (n = 1000) of the total population of women 45 to 80 years of age, resident in the city of Goteborg, was invited to attend for a transvaginal sonography examination. Eight hundred twenty-seven women accepted the invitation and underwent a gynecologic and a transvaginal sonography examination with measurement of endometrial thickness and uterine size. The women's weight and height were measured and a blood sample for analysis of serum estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone was taken. The women also provided information regarding previous medical and gynecologic history, possible medication, and smoking habits. Results: Five hundred fifty-nine women were postmenopausal, and 183 (33%) of the postmenopausal women were taking some form of hormonal substitution. Factors associated with endometrial thickness and uterine size were analyzed by means of univariate and stepwise multiple regression analyses. The current use of hormone replacement therapy was the most important factor associated with both endometrial thickness and all the uterine size parameters studied. The presence of fibroids was also associated with endometrial thickness. Other factors shown to be associated with uterine size were age, parity, smoking, hypertension, and the presence of diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Several of the known risk factors for endometrial cancer were shown to be associated with endometrial thickness and uterine size parameters. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:386-91.)
Efficient Parallel Architecture for Fixed-Coefficient and Variable-Coefficient FIR Filters Using Distributed Arithmetic

In this paper, we performed the complexity analysis of fixed-coefficient and variable-coefficient distributed arithmetic (DA)-based finite impulse response (FIR) filter structures to observe the effect of LUT decomposition on the area complexity of DA structure. The complexity analysis reveals that the area complexity of different units of DA FIR filter structure does not increase proportionately with the level of parallelism. An appropriate selection of LUT decomposition factor, and introducing higher level of parallelism in the computation could improve the area-delay efficiency of both fixed-coefficient and variable-coefficient DA-based FIR structures. Based on these findings, we have proposed bit-parallel block-based DA structures, for fixed-coefficient and variable-coefficient FIR. The proposed structures process one block of input samples and produce one block of outputs in every clock cycle. Theoretical estimate shows that the proposed fixed-coefficient structure, for block-size 8 and filter-length 32, involves eight times more ROM-LUT words, eight times more adders, two less registers, and offers eight times higher throughput-rate than the existing similar structure. For the same block-size and filter-length, the proposed variable-coefficient structure involves 7.2 times more adders, the same number of registers, eight times more MUXes, and offers eight times higher throughput than the best available similar structure. Synthesis result shows that the proposed fixed-coefficient structure for block-size 8 and filter-length 32 involve 47% less area delay product (ADP) and 42% less energy per sample (EPS) than the existing structure and offers nearly eight times higher throughput than others. For the same block-size and filter-length, the proposed structure for variable-coefficient FIR involves 71% less ADP and 65% less EPS than the similar existing structures.
Stamping out neurophobia

Teaching the fundamentals of clinical neurology to medical students is fraught with difficulty.1,2 While most teachers agree on the primacy of a student eliciting a comprehensive and coherent history as part of formulating a diagnosis, opinion is divided on the role of the neurologic examination in the diagnostic process. Some clinicians prefer to engage in a comprehensive screening neurologic examination of the patient before arriving at a diagnostic impression, while others favor a more focused, restricted examination, testing a hypothesis based on data from the patient's history. Medical students bear witness to these differing examination styles when observing senior clinicians at work. Indeed, many seasoned neurologists reflect on their own days in training and recall (not always with fondness) the eminent Professor painstakingly advancing down the neuroaxis through cranial nerves, myotomes, dermatomes, and obscure reflexes until arriving at the denouement that is inevitably the Babinski response. Others among us may recall ourselves, with a touch of dismay, going to endless trouble to master the myriad of eponymous signs that make up the complete neurologic examination, only to observe our Professor take a precise history and follow it up with a cursory flick …
Emergence of a single solid chiral state from a nearly racemic amino acid derivative.

The evolution of a single chiral solid state is reported for an amino acid derivative starting from a nearly racemic mixture of solid left- and right-handed crystals. Attrition-enhanced dissolution and recrystallization processes based on solubility considerations of the Gibbs−Thomson rule, coupled with solution-phase racemization, drive this near-equilibrium system inexorably to single chirality in the solid phase.
COMMENTARY * : PRESCRIBED DRUGS AND PATIENT CONSENT

Most countries require that drugs be proven both safe and effective. There are no risk-free drugs. In fact, all drugs, both those that are sold over-the-counter as well as those which require a physician’s prescription, are potentially dangerous. It has been estimated that 1.5 million hospital admissions in the United States in 1969 were due to adverse drug reactions (1). Moreover, it was found that such patients remain in the hospital approximately 40°, longer than do other patients (2). The Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program reported recently that of 83,200 drug exposures in 9,900 monitored patients, there were 3,600 adverse reactions (3). The problems regarding drugs are not related to their risks alone, but whether the risks are greater than their potential benefits. Opinions differ on the question of what risks are tolerable and which ones are unacceptable. The definition of risk as the probability that something negative will happen within a defined period of time is a definition that the public has no way of using without a disclosure of the risks associated with various medical technologies, including drugs. The public usually develops a particular awareness of a risk as a result of media reporting of events which either are dramatic because of the magnitude of harm done (Thalidomide cases), or underestimates of risk by the overstatement of the power and effectiveness of drugs for minor ailments. This latter situation often comes about from heavy exposure to advertising. Therefore, it is important to provide the public with information about the risk-benefit ratio of drugs. That is, how many people taking Drug X developed Disease Y. The provision of an understanding of these facts should be undertaken by health care professionals. Drugs should be identified, therefore by the public as products that can be both beneficial and potentially harmful. In the disclosure of risk, patients’ individual rights are sometimes overlooked because it is assumed that they might not be able to deal with complicated technical information. Health care practitioners often assume a paternalistic posture and make decisions for the patient based upon what they believe is in the patient’s best interest. Astounding as it might seem, there really is no particular policy in this realm. Decision-making is simply left to the individual physician or pharmacist. In fact, not even guideiines exist to be used as crude markers of what is acceptable. We do know that patients and health care practitioners will undertake additional risks willingly when the severity of the pathology warrants it. Thus we would have no hesitation in approving for a cancer a drug which might cause serious and potentially toxic side-effects. On the other hand, we would never approve the use of a similarly toxic drug for a more trivial condition. Probably, physicians and pharmacists develop individual informal protocols or guidelines that
Error Compensation Techniques for Fixed-Width Array Multiplier Design - A Technical Survey

This paper provides a comprehensive review of various error compensation techniques for fixed-width multiplier design along with its applications. In this paper, we have studied different error compensation circuits and their complexities in the fixed-width multipliers. Further, we present the experimental results of error metrics, including normalized maximum absolute error (emax), normalized mean error (emean) and normalized mean-square error (emse) to evaluate the accuracy of fixed-width multipliers. This survey is intended to serve as a suitable guideline and reference for future work in fixed-width multiplier design and its related research.