Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The correspondence with Beer's law for the optical density of stained protein patterns on filter paper as a function of surface protein concentration.

The results obtained here consistently failed to show deviations from Beer9s law for optical densities less than 1.4, and the use of scanning as a convenient method for differential protein estimations would appear to be justified. The methods described may enable other workers to make similar tests of the method with a minimum of preliminary development, and some may succeed in obtaining significant failure of Beer9s law in their apparatus. The use of apparatus of this type would enable the variation of the deviations with arrangement of the optical system, etc., to be worked out, but the following experimental conditions are already known to lead to significant deviations: 1. Use of dry paper instead of lightly oiled paper. 2. An inadequate light ifiter for the photocell. 3. An illuminated slit too long to be completely covered by the protein pattern. 4. Variations in protein density over the slit, either because the slit is too wide or because the protein pattern has been applied unevenly. 5. Use of low quality ifiter paper containing "pin holes. " 6. A dye uptake which is not proportional to protein content of the paper [Martin and Franglen (14)]. The failure of Crook, Harris, and Warren (4) to substantiate Beer9s law does not indicate the most general situation for the application of the scanning method. The application of Beer9s logarithmic law to the scanning of dyed protein patterns has been investigated by methods described in detail. No deviations could be found for optical densities less than 1.4 for amidoschwarz 1OB or less than 1.1 for azocarmine B staining. The scanning method can be used for evaluation of protein fractions if care is taken.
Duration of immunity to East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection of cattle)

Forty-five cattle, which had recovered from EOF and been kept free from reexposure to infection for periods of 1–43 months, were given a single uniform lethal challenge using a stabilate prepared from triturated infected ticks. All withstood the challenge which killed the five controls. There was an increase in the incidence of mild febrile reactions with time since last exposure to T. parva, indicating a gradual loss of immunity in the absence of reinfection. The duration of the immunity was not related to the severity of the initial reaction. We are indebted to our colleagues on the Immunological Research on Tickborne Cattle Diseases and Tick Control Project, with whom we designed and carried out the experiment.
THE RELATION BETWEEN EXERCISE AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN RED AND WHITE MUSCLE AND LIVER IN THE JACK MACKEREL, Trachurus symmetricids

Glycogen, lactic acid, and fat concentration in red and white muscle and glycogen in the liver of jack mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus, were measured after periods of forced swimming by Trachurus at speeds above, below, and at the sustained speed threshold. Failure to swim at any speed was associated with an almost complete depletion of glycogen in the white muscle only. The trend of glycogen use in the red muscle closely followed that of the liver and was not correlated with failure to swim. Reduction of glycogen levels in red muscle and liver were associated with extended periods of swimLipid use was slow and not correlated with fatigured muscle and was insignificant in white muscle. ming. High lipid content was characteristic of e. A decline in lipid concentration after exercise occurred only in the red muscle and only after a swimming period of 6 hr at a subthreshold speed. High lactate levels were characteristic of both muscle types and did not appear to be related to fatigue at any swimming speed. The high lactate levels in white muscle, the almost complete depletion of glycogen in the white muscle of exhausted fish, and the parallel pattern of glycogen depletion in red muscle and liver suggested that white muscle was the primary locomotor organ near and above the threshold for sustained speed. At these speeds red muscle like the liver may provide nutrients to the white muscle, provided time for mobilization is sufficient. At speeds below the sustained speed threshold our analysis indicated that both the red and white muscle systems were used but the relative significance of the locomotory role played by each system could not be evaluated. lateral musculature of many fishes may be readily segregated by color into- red and white portions. Typically in active fishes the red muscle makes up from 10 to 20% of the total musculature and is arranged in a thin lateral sheet just beneath the skin whereas the white muscle makes up the underlying mass of the myotome. The two muscle types also differ in the diameter of their muscle fibers, speed of contraction, blood supply, mitochondrial content, patterns of innervation, and glycogen and fat content (Bone, 1966). The accepted view of the function of red and white muscle tissues in fishes was outlined by Bone (1966). He concluded from his own work on dogfish and from an extensive literature review that the two muscle fibers represent two separate motor systems which operate
On the Role of Phasor Measurement Units for Distribution System State Estimation

The Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are currently considered among the most useful instruments for future smart grid monitoring, due to their ability to measure with great accuracy both magnitude and phase of voltages or currents synchronized to the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). In this paper, the role of PMUs and their impact on distribution system state estimation (DSSE) are reviewed and analyzed in a meaningful case study via numerical simulations. The reported results confirm that a limited number of PMUs can considerably improve the accuracy of state estimation based on the Weighted Least Squares (WLS) approach. However, this improvement seems to plateau when more than about 1/3 of grid nodes or branches are instrumented with PMUs, regardless of the placement sequence. When some state variables (i.e. voltage magnitudes and phases) are measured directly, the overall average estimation uncertainty is approximately a linear function of PMU accuracy, with a trend which is quite independent on the number of instruments. A more in-depth analysis of this behavior could be exploited to minimize the overall deployment expenses for a given state estimation uncertainty, once the relationship between PMU unit cost and accuracy is available.
VGI and Reference Data Correspondence Based on Location‐Orientation Rotary Descriptor and Segment Matching

Volunteered geographic information (VGI) is spatial data that has been contributed by numerous volunteers in the form of user‐generated content. VGI provides the ability for non‐experts to collect and share geographic information. Comparison of a VGI dataset with a reference dataset in order to find data correspondence is a common process in some analyses of VGI data, such as quantitative analysis of its quality. This study addresses this case and presents an automated feature matching method for VGI linear data. The proposed method consists of two main steps. In the first step, a feature point matching method based on a novel descriptor, named Location‐Orientation Rotary Descriptor (LORD), is performed. The proposed LORD descriptor uses the location and orientation information of the linear data in a log polar structure and in a rotary manner. In the second step, a new segment matching strategy based on the buffered linear features is performed to reject the outliers of the previous step. The usefulness of the proposed method was demonstrated by applying it to the OpenStreetMap (OSM) dataset, as a VGI dataset, using an official reference dataset.
Topology of Double-Membraned Vesicles and the Opportunity for Non-Lytic Release of Cytoplasm

Infection of mammalian cells with several positive-strand RNA viruses induces double-membraned vesicles whose cytosolic surfaces serve as platforms for viral RNA replication. Our recent publication (Jackson et al., PLoS Biology 3: 861-871, 2005) chronicled several similarities between poliovirus-induced membranes andautophagosomes, including induced co-localization of GFP-LC3 and LAMP1. Occasionally, the cytosolic lumen of these structures also contains viral particles; this likely results from wrapping of cytosol, which can contain high viral concentrations late in infection, by newly formed double membranes. Interestingly, RNAi treatment to reduce LC3 or Atg12p concentrations reduced yields of extracellular virus even more than intracellular virus. It is often assumed that exit of non-enveloped viruses such as poliovirus requires cell lysis. However, we hypothesize that autophagosome-like double-membranes, which can become single-membraned upon maturation, provide a long-sought mechanism for the observed non-lytic release of cytoplasmic viruses and possibly other cytoplasmic material resistant to the environment of maturing autophagosomes.
Time-optimal constant speed motion program for multiple cooperating manipulators

This article presents a systematic approach for synthesizing the time-optimal constant speed motion program for multiple manipulators moving a commonly held object along a specified Cartesian trajectory. In this approach, the motion program is constructed by using piecewise polynomials to blend the acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration periods. The polynomials are interpolated according to the boundary and continuity conditions to obtain a smooth and continuous profile. With this formulation, it is shown that the final form of the motion program can be established in terms of the initial acceleration, the constant operation speed, and the finial deceleration. The optimum values of these terms to allow the given trajectory to be executed in minimum time are determined based on the parametric dynamic equations of the system and the torque constraints of the actuator. This approach is conceptually straightforward and can be applied to various multirobot systems with nonlinear actuator constraints. Q 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Determining the Stabilizing Role of Individual Torso Muscles During Rehabilitation Exercises

Study Design. A systematic biomechanical analysis involving an artificial perturbation applied to individual lumbar muscles in order to assess their potential stabilizing role. Objectives. To identify which torso muscles stabilize the spine during different loading conditions and to identify possible mechanisms of function. Summary of Background Data. Stabilization exercises are thought to train muscle patterns that ensure spine stability; however, little quantification and no consensus exists as to which muscles contribute to stability. Methods. Spine kinematics, external forces, and 14 channels of torso electromyography were recorded for seven stabilization exercises in order to capture the individual motor control strategies adopted by different people. Data were input into a detailed model of the lumbar spine to quantify spine joint forces and stability. The EMG signal for a particular muscle was replaced either unilaterally or bilaterally by a sinusoid, and the resultant change in the stability index was quantified. Results. A direction-dependent-stabilizing role was noticed in the larger, multisegmental muscles, whereas a specific subtle efficiency to generate stability was observed for the smaller, intersegmental spinal muscles. Conclusions. No single muscle dominated in the enhancement of spine stability, and their individual roles were continuously changing across tasks. Clinically, if the goal is to train for stability, enhancing motor patterns that incorporate many muscles rather than targeting just a few is justifiable.
Nitrofurantoin and peripheral neuropathy: a forgotten problem?

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Inference of gene regulatory networks using Bayesian network

It has been attempted to reveal regulatory information from microarray data using Bayesian network [1]. However, due to limitation of microarray, successful result is obtained only under a limited condition. For this reason, Bayesian network from combining microarray with biological knowledge was proposed [2]. In this paper, we proposed Bayesian network learned by genetic algorithm to infer gene regulatory network. We use protein-protein interaction, gene-gene interaction, and protein-DNA interaction data for construction of Bayesian network.
Tobit Kalman filtering: Conditional expectation approach

This paper is concerned with the Tobit Kalman filtering for a class of discrete-time linear systems. A set of Bernoulli random variables is introduced to describe the randomly occurring censored measurements, which are dependent on the measurement outputs. Such dependence among random variables leads to the largest challenge encountered in this paper. The conditional expectation as a basic tool is utilized to address this challenge. Within the framework of the traditional Kalman filtering, the obtained filter includes not only the information from the system parameters but also the censored measurements. Finally, an illustrative simulation is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm.
A new compact microstrip triple band antenna using half mode CRLH transmission line

This paper presents a compact triple band metamaterial antenna for different wireless applications. The designed antenna is based on a new configuration as half mode metamaterial left handed transmission line. The proposed antenna was designed to cover the frequency bands from 2-2.4 GHz, 5.4-6 GHz, and 6.8-8 GHz. The theoretical design principles of half mode left handed transmission line antenna is explained. The antenna design has been validated using the electromagnetic full wave analysis. The antenna has the advantages of a compact size (only 2.5 × 2.5 cm2) which is only is less than 25% at lower frequency band compared to the size of the conventional patch antenna. The results confirm the antenna triple bands operation with return loss better than 15 dB at each operating band and better than 10 dB cross polarization isolation.
Prevalence of KIT expression in human tumors.

PURPOSE KIT is a target for imatinib mesylate (Gleevec; Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland). Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) express KIT and respond favorably to imatinib therapy. To determine other tumors in which such a molecular targeted therapy might be indicated, we investigated KIT expression in different human tumor types. Because recent studies in GISTs suggest that KIT-activating mutations predict response to imatinib therapy, we also sequenced a subset of positive tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS More than 3,000 tumors from more than 120 different tumor categories were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format. Seven commercially available anti-KIT antibodies were initially evaluated. The antibody A4502 (DAKO) was selected for analysis because of a high frequency of positivity in GIST and low staining background in other tissues. To determine the frequency of KIT mutations in various tumor types, the exons 2, 8, 9, 11, 13, and 17 (where mutations previously were reported) were sequenced in 36 tumors with strong KIT expression. RESULTS KIT positivity was detected in 28 of 28 GISTs (100%), 42 of 50 seminomas (84%), 34 of 52 adenoid-cystic carcinomas (65%), 14 of 39 malignant melanomas (35%), and eight of 47 large-cell carcinomas of the lung (17%), as well as in 47 additional tumor types. KIT mutations were found in six of 12 analyzed GISTs, but only in one of 24 other tumors. CONCLUSION The results suggest that KIT expression occurs infrequently in most tumor types and that, with the exception of GISTs, KIT gene mutations are rare in immunohistochemically KIT-positive tumors.
Criteria for Centers of Reference for pediatric diabetes – a European perspective

‘SWEET’ is an acronym standing for ‘Better control in pediatric and adolescent diabeteS: Working to crEate CEnTers of Reference (CORs)’ and is based on a partnership of established national and European diabetes organizations such as International Diabetes Federation, Federation of European Nurses in Diabetes, and Primary Care Diabetes Europe (PCDE, www.sweet-project.eu). A three‐level classification of centers has been put forward. In addition to centers for local care, SWEET collaborating centers on their way to being a COR have been defined. Peer‐audited CORs with a continuous electronic documentation of at least 150 pediatric patients with diabetes treated by a multidisciplinary team based on the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) Clinical Practice recommendations have been created in 12 European countries. In 2011, they cared for between 150 to more than 700 youth with diabetes with an average hemoglobin A1c between 7.6 and 9.2%. Although these clinics should not be regarded as representative for the whole country, the acknowledgment as COR includes a common objective of targets and guidelines as well as recognition of expertise in treatment and education at the center. In a first step, the SWEET Online platform allows 12 countries using 11 languages to connect to one unified diabetes database. Aggregate data are de‐identified and exported for longitudinal health and economic data analysis. Through their network, the CORs wish to obtain political influence on a national and international level and to facilitate dissemination of new approaches and techniques. The SWEET project hopes to extend from the initial group of centers within countries, throughout Europe, and beyond with the help of the ISPAD network.
New result on H∞ filtering for time-delay Markovian jump systems

This paper investigates the problem of H∞ filtering for continuous-time Markovian jump linear systems with time-varying delay. The aim of this problem is to design an H∞ filter that ensures stochastic stability of the filtering error system and a prescribed L2-induced gain from the noise signals to the estimation error. For solving the problem, we transform the system under consideration into an interconnected system. Based on the system transformation and the input-output approach, the stochastic stability of the original system is examined via the stochastic stability version of the scaled small gain theorem. The merit of the proposed approach lies in its reduced conservatism, which is made possible by a precise approximation of the time-varying delay and the stochastic scaled small gain theorem. The proposed H∞ filtering condition is demonstrated to be less conservative than most existing results. Moreover, the H∞ filter design condition is further presented via convex optimizations, whose effectiveness is also illustrated via numerical examples.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) therapy for multiple myeloma

The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐modified T cells has revolutionized immunotherapy and cancer treatment as a whole. However, so far, clinical efficacy has only been demonstrated for CD19‐positive B cell lymphomas. For Multiple Myeloma (MM), the second most common haematological malignancy, there are currently no clinical results supporting the usefulness of the adoptive transfer of CAR‐modified T cells. This might be related to the fact that an ideal surface target has not yet been identified or the presence of strong local immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment, which is a hallmark of MM. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of promising target molecules for CAR T cell approaches in MM and we outline a number of ways in which the local immunosuppression in MM can be overcome. By providing a strategy for the design of CAR T cell treatments for MM we hope to transform this new therapeutic approach into a valuable tool within the therapeutic armamentarium for MM.
Emergence of multidrug-resistant clones of Salmonella Infantis in broiler chickens and humans in Hungary.

OBJECTIVES The characterization of a Salmonella Infantis strain collection that was set up from isolates of animal and human origin obtained in Hungary in recent years. METHODS All isolates were phage typed. Antimicrobial resistance was tested by the disc diffusion method, while the presence of the antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrons was investigated by PCR. Genetic relatedness of the isolates was tested by PFGE and plasmid profiling. RESULTS The majority of the isolates representing different parts of Hungary are characterized by phage types 213 and 217 and the nalidixic acid-streptomycin-sulphonamide-tetracycline resistance type. They harbour a class 1 integron with an aadA1 gene in the 855 bp variable region, a tet(A) gene, a >168 kb plasmid and 66% of them represent one genetic clone as determined by XbaI PFGE fingerprinting. CONCLUSIONS It seems that broiler chickens constitute a reservoir for one large and a few smaller multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis clones in Hungary, which might have spread to humans through chicken meat.
RNA Interference Evidence That Growth Differentiation Factor-9 Mediates Oocyte Regulation of Cumulus Expansion in Mice1

Abstract In mouse ovaries, growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) is an oocyte-derived growth factor that plays an essential role during early follicular development. However, the role of GDF9 during later stages of follicular development is uncertain. In the present study, a long double-stranded (ds) RNA interference approach was used to investigate the possible role of GDF9 in mediating oocyte regulation of cumulus expansion. Fully grown mouse oocytes injected with Gdf9 dsRNA, Bmp15 dsRNA, or injection buffer were cultured for 24 h and processed for measurement of Gdf9 and Bmp15 mRNA levels using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and for measurement of GDF9 protein levels using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. Injection with Gdf9 dsRNA knocked down Gdf9, but not Bmp15, mRNA expression in oocytes, and vice versa. Furthermore, GDF9 protein levels were reduced in the Gdf9 dsRNA-injected oocytes. To investigate the role of GDF9 in cumulus expansion, two endpoints were used to evaluate cumulus expansion: Has2 and Ptgs2 mRNA levels were measured in cumulus cells using real-time RT-PCR, and assessment of cumulus expansion was undertaken morphologically. After 24 h of culture in the presence of 0.5 IU/ml of FSH, cumulus shells cocultured with buffer- and Bmp15 dsRNA-injected oocytes exhibited a high degree of expansion, whereas cumulus shells cocultured with Gdf9 dsRNA-injected oocytes exhibited only limited expansion. Supporting this observation, Has2 and Ptgs2 mRNA levels after 8 h of coculture were lower in cumulus cells cocultured with Gdf9 dsRNA-injected oocytes than in those cocultured with buffer-injected oocytes. The present results strongly support the concept that GDF9 is a key mediator of oocyte-enabled cumulus expansion in mice.