Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of different financial competing interest statements on readers’ perceptions of clinical educational articles: a randomised controlled trial

Objectives To investigate how different competing interest (COI) statements affect clinical readers’ perceptions of education articles. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting and participants Random sample of UK doctors. Interventions We created four permutations of each of two clinical reviews (on gout or dyspepsia), which varied only in terms of the COI statement. Volunteers were blinded and randomised to receive one review and asked to complete a questionnaire after reading it. Blinded factorial analyses of variance and analyses of covariance were carried out to assess the influence of each review and type of COI on outcomes. Primary and secondary outcomes Confidence in the article’s conclusions (primary outcome), its importance, their level of interest in the article and their likelihood to change practice after reading it. Results Of 10 889 doctors invited to participate, 1065 (10%) volunteered. Of these, 749 (70%) completed the survey. Analysis of covariance (adjusting for age, sex, job type, years since qualification) showed no significant difference between the groups in participants’ confidence in the article (gout: p=0.32, dyspepsia: p=0.78) or their rating of its importance (gout: p=0.09, dyspepsia: p=0.79). For the gout review, participants rated articles with advisory board and consultancies COI as significantly less interesting than those with no COI (p=0.028 with Bonferroni correction). Among participants indicating that they treat the condition and that the article’s recommendations differed from their own practice, there was no significant difference in likelihood to change practice between groups (gout: p=0.59, n=59; dyspepsia: p=0.56, n=80). Conclusions Doctors’ confidence in educational articles was not influenced by the COI statements. Further work is required to determine if doctors do not perceive these COIs as important in educational articles or if they do not pay attention to these statements. More meaningful COI disclosure practices may be needed, which highlight context-specific potential sources of bias to readers. Trial registration number NCT02548312; Results.
Spatial Population Structure Determines Extinction Risk in Climate-Induced Range Shifts

Climate change is an escalating threat facing populations around the globe, necessitating a robust understanding of the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms dictating population responses. However, populations respond to climate change not in isolation but rather in the context of their existing ranges. In particular, spatial population structure within a range (e.g., trait clines, starkness of range edges, etc.) likely interacts with other ecological and evolutionary processes during climate-induced range shifts. Here, we use an individual-based model to explore the interacting roles of several such factors in range shift dynamics. We show that increased spatial population structure (driven primarily by a steeper environmental gradient) severely increases a population’s extinction risk. Further, we show that while evolution of heightened dispersal during range shifts can aid populations in tracking changing conditions, it can also interact negatively with adaptation to the environmental gradient, leading to reduced fitness and contributing to the increased extinction risk observed in populations structured along steep environmental gradients. Our results demonstrate that the effect of dispersal evolution on range-shifting populations is dependent on environmental context and that spatial population structure can substantially increase extinction risk in range shifts.
Key animal welfare issues in commercially raised dairy calves: social environment, nutrition, and painful procedures1

Abstract: Dairy calf welfare concerns are growing and new evidence suggests that the early life environment influences appropriate physical, behavioral, and cognitive development lasting into adulthood. This review highlights key evidence for the impacts of housing, diets, and painful procedures on calf welfare. We argue that these topics are currently critical welfare concerns, but are not the only points of concern. In addition to environmental requirements to maintain optimal health, dairy calves experience other challenges including social and nutritional restrictions. Individual housing is associated with impaired behavioral development and cognitive ability. Pair and group housing can mitigate some of these negative effects and should be encouraged. Restrictive milk allowances (<15% of body weight) lead to poor growth and hunger; these welfare concerns can be addressed with proper enhanced milk allowances and gradual weaning programs. Finally, dehorning is a critical animal welfare issue when pain control is withheld; calves show negative behavioral, physiological, and emotional responses during and after dehorning. The combined use of local anaesthetics and analgesics can mitigate these effects. An industry shift toward providing social companionship, enhanced milk allowances, and pain control during painful procedures would help to improve the welfare of dairy calves in intensive commercial rearing facilities.
Identifying Pathogenic Variants in Hereditary Cancer Syndrome Genes via Tumor Molecular Profiling

Tumor molecular profiling is often performed in order to direct cancer treatment options. However, because many of the genes analyzed on tumor molecular profiling overlap with genes known to be associated in the germline with hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes, tumor molecular profiling can unknowingly uncover germline predisposition to cancer development. In this study, we determined the number of patients with pathogenic variants (PVs) identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) via FoundationOne tumor molecular profiling at MD Anderson Cancer Center, then performed a retrospective chart review to determine the proportion of such patients that received germline testing and had germline PVs identified. We found that 3.78% (13/2,990; 95% CI 3.09-4.46%) of tumor-only testing reports identified PVs in BRCA1/2, 38.94% (44/113; 95% CI 29.95-47.93%) of patients with pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 had germline testing, and 63.64% (28/44; 95% CI 49.42-77.85%) of patients with germline testing had germline PVs in BRCA1/2. Patients with cancer diagnoses related to BRCA1/2 were more likely to have had germline testing (72.73% of patients with testing had HBOC-related tumors vs. 36.23% of those without testing, p <0.001). Efforts to improve testing yield should focus on increasing awareness and availability of germline testing for advanced cancer patients with tumor-identified BRCA1/2 mutations in non-BRCA1/2 associated cancer types.
Understanding the evolution of interspecies interactions in microbial communities

Microbial communities are complex multi-species assemblages that are characterized by a multitude of interspecies interactions, which can range from mutualism to competition. The overall sign and strength of interspecies interactions have important consequences for emergent community-level properties such as productivity and stability. It is not well understood whether and how interspecies interactions change over evolutionary timescales. Here, we review the empirical evidence that evolution is an important driver of microbial community properties and dynamics on timescales that have traditionally been regarded as purely ecological. Next, we briefly discuss different modelling approaches to study evolution of communities, emphasizing the similarities and differences between evolutionary and ecological perspectives. We then propose a simple conceptual model for the evolution of communities. Specifically, we propose that the evolution of interspecies interactions depends crucially on the spatial structure of the environment. We predict that in well-mixed environments, traits will be selected exclusively for their direct fitness effects, while in spatially structured environments, traits may also be selected for their indirect fitness effects. Selection of indirectly beneficial traits should result in an increase in interaction strength over time, while selection of directly beneficial traits should not have such a systematic effect. We tested our intuitions using a simple quantitative model and found support for our hypotheses. The next step will be to test these hypotheses experimentally and provide input for a more refined version of the model in turn, thus closing the scientific cycle of models and experiments.
Real-time dynamics of Plasmodium NDC80 as a marker for the kinetochore during atypical mitosis and meiosis

Eukaryotic cell proliferation requires chromosome replication and precise segregation, followed by cell division, to ensure daughter cells have identical genomic copies. The kinetochore is a multi-protein structure assembled on chromosome centromeres, which mediates attachment to spindle microtubules and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Plasmodium spp. , the causative agent of malaria, undergoes closed mitosis with an intact nuclear membrane and intranuclear mitotic spindle. However, the regulation of the main events of mitosis and meiosis, including chromosome segregation, is poorly understood in this parasite. In part this is due to a distinct lack of markers for tracking kinetochore dynamics. Since NDC80 is the conserved component of the kinetochore complex, we labelled NDC80 with either a C-terminal GFP or mCherry tag by recombination at the endogenous locus to generate transgenic lines of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. We show that NDC80 is located at a single cluster of all kinetochores and examine its spatio-temporal dynamics throughout all proliferative stages of the parasite life cycle. We also compare the location of NDC80 with that of the kinetochore using electron microscopy. These transgenic parasite lines are a very useful resource to identify and study the kinetochore complex and follow chromosome dynamics during malaria parasite development. Summary Statement The dynamic localization of NDC80, a kinetochore marker, is examined throughout the proliferative stages of malaria parasite life-cycle which provides a useful resource to study kinetochore complexes and chromosome dynamics.
Environmental dynamism, trust and dynamic capabilities of family businesses

Purpose – Dynamic capabilities are regarded as the bedrock of firms that survive in a dynamic environment. Notwithstanding this perspective, little research has been implemented in understanding dynamic capabilities of family firms. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between environmental dynamism and dynamic capabilities of family businesses, and the moderating effect of trust on this relationship. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative survey was executed with the sampling frame outlined based on the Hemscott Company Guru database. In total, 137 useful responses were employed in this study. Findings – The results suggest that environmental dynamism is an antecedent of dynamic capabilities. Furthermore, findings show the presence of trust moderates the environmental dynamism-dynamic capabilities nexus. Research limitations/implications – The cross-sectional design of the study determines that it can only proffer a snapshot of the scenario. In addition, the exclusion of non.
Effect of Cancer On Quality of Life

Perspectives on Quality of Life and the Global Cancer Problem. Measuring Functioning, Well-Being, and Other Generic Health Concepts. Measuring Effects of Cancer on Quality of Life. Prediction of Psychosocial Distress in Patients with. N of 1 Randomized Controlled Trials for Investigation of Quality of Life in Cancer. Quality of Life in the Treatment Process in Pediatric Oncology: An Approach to Measurement. A Practical Guide for Selecting Quality-of-Life Measures in Clinical Trials and Practice. Incorporation of Quality of Life Assessment into Clinical Trials. Statistical Analysis of Trials Assessing Quality of Life. Economic Evaluations of Cancer Care-Incorporating Quality of Life Issues. Uses (and Some Possible Abuses) of Quality-of-Life Measures. Cancer Patients' Unmet Support Needs as a Quality-of-Life Indicator. The Spitzer Quality-of-Life Index: Its Performance as a Measure. The EORTC Core Quality-of-Life Questionnaire: Interim Results of an International Field Study. Quality of Life in Breast Cancer. Women's Sexuality Following Breast Cancer. Methodological Issues in Anti-Emetic Studies. Anticipatory Nausea and Vomiting Side Effects Experienced by Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment. Selective 5-Ht, Receptor Antagonists: A Novel Class of Antiemetics. Pain and Quality of Life: Theoretical Aspects. Pain Assessment in Cancer. Clinical Trials in Pain Control. Quality-of-Life Research in the European Palliative Care Setting. Quality-of-Life Research in Hospice Care.
Haplotype-based inference of the distribution of fitness effects

Recent genome sequencing studies with large sample sizes in humans have discovered a vast quantity of low-frequency variants, providing an important source of information to analyze how selection is acting on human genetic variation. In order to estimate the strength of natural selection acting on low-frequency variants, we have developed a likelihood-based method that uses the lengths of pairwise identity-by-state between haplotypes carrying low-frequency variants. We show that in some non-equilibrium populations (such as those that have had recent population expansions) it is possible to distinguish between positive or negative selection acting on a set of variants. With our new framework, one can infer a fixed selection intensity acting on a set of variants at a particular frequency, or a distribution of selection coefficients for standing variants and new mutations. We apply our method to the UK10K phased haplotype dataset of 3,781 individuals and find a similar proportion of neutral, moderately deleterious, and deleterious variants compared to previous estimates made using the site frequency spectrum. We discuss several interpretations for this result, including that selective constraints have remained constant over time.
An Indoor Sound Source Localization Dataset for Machine Learning

In this paper, we mainly describe a corpus for sound source localization. The audio of the corpus mainly uses the dual microphone array of the simulated human head to collect audio data in four directions. The reason for selecting four directions is it can be used for related research on sound source localization. On the other hand, it can be extended to more directions by means of probability distribution. The data set is divided into original data set and time delay data set (GCC). Acoustic events include reading a speech event of a verse and a non-speech event from a pulse gun. In order to make the corpus more realistic, we use the anechoic chamber and the ordinary room for experiments. The anechoic chamber environment can be used to verify the feasibility of the model, and the normal room environment can test the noise resistance of the model and the actual application effect. In addition, the corpus can also be used to extract other features for sound source localization tasks. On this basis, we have selected several mainstream deep learning methods to verify the dataset, such as convolutional neural network (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM), the proximity algorithm (K-NN) and the random forest algorithm (BF), and give the corresponding experimental results to ensure the accuracy of the dataset. Readers can make improvements based on the baseline system and develop appropriate models to improve the accuracy of recognition.
Simulation of Dark Network Scene Based on the Big Data Environment

In the era of big data, the amount of information on dark network resources has exploded. Massive dark network data contain abundant information. To detect dark network resources and obtain dark network information, in-depth understanding of the dark network is a prerequisite. However, due to the high anonymity of dark network, it is usually difficult to be found by traditional search engines. Users need to register strictly and use specific tools to log in dynamically. In this paper, we explore the simulation of dark network scene in the big data environment. The Tor network is built on the openstack platform, which simulate the dark network scene. By using wireshark software to analyze network traffic, and using nmon tool to analyze network performance, the results show that the dark network scene can be simulated realistically.
Making Visitors Mindful: Principles for Creating Sustainable Visitor Experiences through Effective Communication

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An Improved Collaborative Filtering Algorithm Based on Node2vec

Collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms are widely used in online recommendation systems, which can predict user's preference based on their historical behavior. However, traditional methods confront the challenges of sparsity and efficiency due to the growth of users and items. This paper proposed a novel method which incorporates social latent influence into CF to address above issues. In brief, we utilize node2vec technology to learn user complex latent relationship among users from the social network and then apply this latent relationship and historical rating to find the neighbors of target users. The experiments on Last.FM and Sobazaar datasets show the superiority of the method in regard to precision, recall, and F-measure.
Guitar chord recognition based on finger patterns with deep learning

Many guitar players use video contents such as Youtube to practice. If the content contains noise or background sounds, then the player must watch the videos repeatedly, which is very troublesome. In order to solve this problem, we attempt to build a system that can recognize the finger patterns of guitar players in video and can automatically generate a corresponding musical score. The present paper introduces a method to recognize finger patterns with deep learning. Experimental results reveal that a three-chord classifier can achieve a recognition rate of approximately 90% and a five-chord classifier can achieve a recognition rate of approximately 70%.
SIRT6 is a DNA double-strand break sensor

DNA double strand breaks are the most deleterious type of DNA damage. In this work, we show that SIRT6 directly recognizes DNA damage through a tunnel-like structure, with high affinity for double strand breaks. It relocates to sites of damage independently of signalling and known sensors and activates downstream signalling cascades for double strand break repair by triggering ATM recruitment, H2AX phosphorylation and the recruitment of proteins of the Homologous Recombination and Non-Homologous End Joining pathways. Our findings indicate that SIRT6 plays a previously uncharacterized role as DNA damage sensor, which is critical for initiating the DNA damage response (DDR). Moreover, other Sirtuins share some DSB binding capacity and DDR activation. SIRT6 activates the DDR, before the repair pathway is chosen, and prevents genomic instability. Our findings place SIRT6 at the top of the DDR and pave the road to dissect the contributions of distinct double strand break sensors in downstream signalling.
A study for differences between different order thinking skills applied by industrial designers when using 3D CAD

Most designers today use computer aided design software (CAD) to assist and implement their ideas. Through the construction of 3D models, can help designers more specifically express their ideas. However, the process of modeling itself is a design process, but designers use different ways of thinking, which will make the process of construct the model different, and allow designers to complete the design of different efficiency. In this study, the lower-order thinking design process and the higher-order thinking design process will be given to the subjects in two different ways: Bottom-Up and Top-Down. Then, this study simulates the problems that may be encountered when constructing the 3D model, and then allows the subjects to construct 3D models with different degrees. Through experimental design, explore the differences and impacts between them. And provide a reference for constructing models and learning new software for industrial designers. Finally, we found that after using the high-order thinking skill (which is the design process). The model is constructed faster and the number of instructions used is less. The difference between the average time of construct the model and the difference in the number of instructions used are significant when the subjects with or without use higher-order thinking skill (which means with or without use design process).
Mat Pilates and aquatic aerobic exercises for women with fibromyalgia: a protocol for a randomised controlled blind study

Introduction Physical exercises have been recommended to improve the overall well-being of patients with fibromyalgia, with the main objective of repairing the effects of lack of physical conditioning and of improving the symptoms, especially pain and fatigue. Although widely recommended and widely known, few studies support the use of Pilates as an effective method in improving the symptoms of the disease, comparing it with other well-founded exercise modalities. This protocol was developed to describe the design of a randomised controlled study with a blind evaluator that evaluates the effectiveness of mat Pilates, comparing it with aquatic aerobic exercises, in improving pain in women with fibromyalgia. Methods Sixty women aged 18–60 years with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, with a score of between 3 and 8 points on the Visual Analogue Scale for pain, and who sign the clear and informed consent form will be recruited according to the inclusion criteria. They will be randomised into one of the two intervention groups: (1) Pilates, to perform an exercise programme based on mat Pilates; and (2) aquatic exercise, to participate in a programme of aerobic exercises in the swimming pool. The protocol will correspond to 12 weeks of treatment, with both groups performing the exercises with supervision twice a week. The primary outcome will be pain (Visual Analogue Scale for pain). The secondary outcomes are to include impact related to the disease, functional capacity, sleep quality and overall quality of life. The evaluations will be performed at three points: at baseline and after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment. Ethics and dissemination This protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of FACISA/UFRN (number: 2.116.314). Data collection will begin after approval by the ethics committee. There will be prior contact with the women, at which time all the information about the study and the objectives will be presented, as well as resolution no 466/2012 of the National Health Council of Brazil for the year 2012, which provides guidelines and regulatory standards for research involving human beings. Participants must sign the informed consent form before the study begins. Trial registration number NCT03149198.