Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complexation and Thermal Studies of Uric Acid with Some Divalent and Trivalent Metal Ions of Biological Interest in the Solid State

Nine new [metal uric acid] complexes [M(Ua) n ]°·XH 2 O have been synthesized. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic susceptibility ( w eff. ), FTIR spectra, thermal analysis (TG & DTA), and electronic spectra (UV/visible). Uric acid (HUa) coordinates as a bidentate ligand to Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Al(III), Cr(III) and Fe(III) through the protonated N-7 within the imidazole ring and O-6 within the pyrimidine ring. Uric acid forms neutral metal urate complexes with all the above metal ions. The quantitative compositions were determined as [M(Ua) 2 ·(H 2 O) 2 ]°·XH 2 O where M(II)=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and X=2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 2, respectively. The M(II) complexes exhibit an isostructural octahedral coordination with N-7, O-6 of two uric acid ligand molecules, and O of two water molecules. Compositions were also determined as [M(Ua) 3 ]°·YH 2 O where M(III)=Al, Cr, Fe and Y=6, 3, 3 respectively. All the M(III) complexes form an isostructural octahedral coordination with N-7 and O-6 of three uric acid ligand molecules. Iron(III) complexes prepared with N 1 , N 3 and N 9 -methyl uric acid yielded brown complexes with a metal ligand ratio of 1 3, while N 7 -methyl uric acid did not yield a complex due to blockage of N-7 with a methyl group.
Flavored Buriti Oil (Mauritia flexuosa, Mart.) for Culinary Usage: Innovation, Production and Nutrition Value

Buriti oil has an excellent nutritional profile. This study aimed at elaborating buriti-flavored oil for culinary purposes. Viscosity, fat acids, smoke point, carotenoids, color, and sensory analysis were carried out. Buriti oil showed viscosity similar to olive oil. Its fat acids demonstrated high level of 9-omega. A low smoke point was observed, suggesting this oil should not be heated on cooking. The high carotenoid content probably relates to the high value of parameter a*. Flavored buriti oils containing buriti (50 or 25%) and olive oil (50 or 75%), relish (2%), basil (2%), and rosemary (4%) were suggested for production and commercialization. This innovative product can be a way to have buriti oil in the population’s diets.
RBS and AFM study of Ag and Au diffusion into PET foils influenced by plasma treatment

Metallization of polymers is essential for their application in microelectronic elements and photonics devices. We performed a study of the diffusion of Ag and Au atoms in polyethyleneterephtalate (PET). Thin metal layers were deposited using the diode‐sputtering technique on polymer foils at room temperature. Simultaneous post‐deposition annealing and plasma treatment was used to induce metal/polymer intermixing. Concentration profiles of diffused metals were determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and diffusion coefficients were extracted. The influence of the plasma treatment on the surface morphology was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Ag atoms exhibit deeper penetration into polymer structures after Ar plasma treatment than after Ar + O2 plasma treatment. AFM measurements show more significant changes of surface roughness (increased roughness and porosity) of Ag on PET surfaces caused by the Ar + O2 plasma treatment compared to Au surfaces. In the case of very rough surfaces, a decrease of metal diffusivity is observed probably owing to a reduction of surface concentration. The metal mobility is strongly influenced by temperature, which is increased either by direct heating of the sample holder or indirectly by plasma discharge. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Study of Surface Modified Carbonized Eichhornia crassipes for Adsorption of Dye Safranin

Eichhornia charcoal and surfactant modified eichhornia charcoal are prepared and characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, BET, pHPZC, and Boehm titrations. Effect of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature are investigated to optimize conditions for adsorption of dye safranin. Experimental data were speculated for various kinetic and thermodynamics models and alluded that adsorption follows second order kinetic model. The Langmuir model deduced the maximum adsorption capacity as 84.8 mg g−1 for modified adsorbent. Thermodynamics and activation parameters corroborated that present adsorption system is spontaneous, feasible, endothermic, particle diffusion controlled, and physical in nature.
Sow influence on neonatal survival: a special focus on colostrum

The main cause of early postnatal deaths in piglets is hypothermia due to an inadequate intake of colostrum. Colostrum consumption is the outcome of complex interactions between the sow, the piglet, the litter and the environment. The sow may have an impact on many factors that are determinant for colostrum intake and chances of survival, such as piglet weight, maturity and vitality at birth, or within-litter variation in birth weight. Colostrum intake also depends on the ability of the sow to produce colostrum in sufficient quantity to fulfill the needs of the whole litter. Maternal stress during gestation may increase piglet morbidity and mortality up to weaning, presumably by affecting the ontogeny of the fetal immune system, but also IgG contents in colostrum and IgG transfer to newborn piglets. Ways to reduce neonatal mortality through maternal feeding during gestation are largely investigated. Feeding strategies generally failed to increase piglet birth weight but led to more promising results on piglet maturity and vitality at birth and on the acquisition of passive immunity. There is some evidence that maternal feeding during the peripartal period may influence both the quantity and the quality of colostrum; this needs however to receive further attention.
Correlation of fundamental photoreflectance spectra with surface quality of bulk ZnTe semiconductor grown from Te solution

Large size ZnTe single crystals were grown from Te‐solution with the vertical Bridgman method. The fundamental photoreflectance (PR) spectra of bulk ZnTe crystal subjected to a successive sequence of surface treatments, i.e., mechanical and chemical polishing, and passivation, have been measured over the wavelength range 200–600 nm at room temperature (RT) for the first time. The shape, relative intensity and evolution of the distinct E0, E1, E1+∆1 and E2 transitions during each stage of wafer processing were investigated. It was found that, those distinct transitions vary with varying crystal surface quality. The intensity of the reflectance peaks is large with sharp peak profile when the surface has good crystalline quality. However, E0 peak can be easily eliminated by a small amount of structural damages on the wafer surface. The dispersion tendency of the E1 and E1+∆1 peaks suggesting the wafer surface is widespread covered by structural damages. The reflection peaks’ intensity were all reduced after passivated with H2O2 solution. E2 peak intensity is more easily to be reduced during passivation.
Comparative study of the antioxidants content in some berries fruits.

Berries fruits contain many different chemical compounds with different biological and pharmacological capacities and properties. So, these fruits are a source of bioactive molecules with antioxidant activity such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, that are important to human nutrition. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, which cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and thus protect the organism. Research studies carried out on this topic indicated that natural antioxidants are involved in protection against many deseases: cancer, cardiovascular deseases, osteoporosis. The objective of this research was to determine and compare the antioxidants content offered by six berries fruits species: raspberry (Rubus idaeus), blackberry (Rubus fructicosus), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum), sea-buckthorn (Hippophaea rhamnoides). The evaluation involved determination of total phenols, anthocyanins and flavonoids, using spectrophotometrical methods. Higher total phenol content levels were obtained in chokeberries and in blackcurrants.
Tip-enhanced single molecule fluorescence near-field microscopy in aqueous environment

For nanobiophysical applications, scanning near-field optical microscopy must combine high optical resolution and single fluorescent molecule sensitivity with the ability to operate in aqueous solution. These requirements can be achieved using the electric field enhancement at the tip of illuminated silicon probes for atomic force miscroscopy (AFM), whereby single ATTO-740 dye molecules could be imaged at an optical resolution down to 20 nm under ambient conditions as well as in aqueous solution. Two illumination modes have been tested: (a) bottom illumination in a total internal reflection microscopy setup and (b) direct top illumination, both with dedicated phase-sensitive single photon counting technology in dynamic AFM mode of operation.
Selective polymer-assisted product sequestration for the generation of combinatorial libraries of 1,3-thiazines

Combinatorial approaches for the solution-phase synthesis of diverse 1,3-thiazine-5-carboxylate libraries are described. Knoevenagel condensation of (3-ketoesters and aldehydes utilizing a polymer-supported catalyst furnished the anticipated enones, which were subsequently reacted with thioureas to generate 1,3-thiazine heterocycles among various by-products. In the key step, the 1,3-thiazines were selectively sequestered by a polymer-bound sulfonic acid. Subsequent base-induced release from the polymer (catch and release) produced 24 1,3-thiazine products in yields up to 79%, good to excellent purities and in high diversity. In contrast to the polymer-bound acid-mediated reaction, this method tolerates more complex building blocks. Furthermore, polymer-assisted methods for N2-derivatization were performed, including reactions with activated carboxylic acids, sulfonyl chlorides and isocyanates.
Dimensional stability of wood-polymer composites

Wood–polymer composites (WPC) were prepared by impregnation of polymeric monomers in wood and in situ polymerization. Three polymeric chemicals were chosen for this study: methyl methacrylate (MMA), hydroxyethylene methacrylate (HEMA), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The effects of polymeric monomers and their combinations on moisture adsorption (M), anti–moisture adsorption efficiency (AME), liquid water uptake (D), water repellency efficiency (WRE), longitudinal, radial, tangential, and volumetric swelling properties (S) after soaking, and antiswelling efficiency (ASE) were investigated. It was found that M was different for different methacrylate combinations and depended not only on the composition of the impregnants, but also on wood properties. Liquid water uptake was similar regardless of the formulation of the WPC. Wood–polymer composites with high MMA content displayed enhanced dimensional stabilities, but WPCs with high HEMA content did not. Tangential and volumetric ASEs were strongly dependent on the type of treatment. Mold growth tests showed that wood treated with HEMA alone had no surface mold growth, and wood treated with MMA alone also showed less mold growth than did the control samples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl PolymSci 102: 5085–5094, 2006
PHOTOLYSIS OF SUBSTITUTED NAPHTHALENES ON SiO2 AND Al2O3

Abstract— Photolysis of naphthalene on the surface of SiO2 under an atmosphere of air produces phthalic acid as the only major photoproduct, accounting for 49%o of the consumed naphthalene. Photolysis on Al2O3 also produces phthalic acid, in 31% yield. Photolysis of 1 ‐methylnaphthalene on SiO2 proceeds under similar conditions to produce 2‐acetylbenzoic acid (35%) as the major photoproduct with the production of a small amount of I‐naphthaldchyde (6%). 1‐Cyanonaphthalene does not photooxidize under similar conditions. The presence of oxygen is necessary for the photodecomposition of naphthalene and 1‐methylnaphthalene to proceed. Superoxide formed from the photolysis of naphthalene at the SiO2/air interface is readily observed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the absence of naphthalene no superoxide is observed. A mechanism involving electron transfer from the S1 state of the naphthalene to O2 is proposed on the basis of these observations and related literature precedent.
EFFECT OF SUBSOIL TILLAGE ON POTATO RESPONSE TO BIOFERTLIZATION APPLICATION

This study was carried out at Kafr El-Gonena Village, El-Dakhlia Governorate, during 2008 winter season to identify effect of subsoil tillage on potato response to biofertilization application. The experiment was designed statistically as a split split plots with three replications. The main plots involved the subsoil tillage treatment at 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 m depth, comparing with no-subsoil tillage, the sub plots involved the soil biofertilization treatment using Blue green Algae, comparing with the bereaved of biofertilization and the sub-sub plots included the tuber inoculation treatment using a combination of microorganisms, comparing with the bereaved of inoculation. The results indicated the following: The subsoil tillage of 0.40 m depth under Blue green Algae application achieved the more desirable soil characteristics of 1.14 g/cm3 bulk density, 6.04 pH, 2.54 dS/m salinity, 14.14 mm/h infiltration rate and 47, 17.90 and 497 ppm available N, P and K concentration, respectively. The subsoil tillage of 0.40 m depth under Blue green Algae application required the lower applied irrigation water amount of 5240 m3/fed. The subsoil tillage of 0.40 m depth under Blue green Algae application and tuber inoculation achieved higher potato tuber yield of 18.80 Mg/fed and higher water use efficiency of 3.58 kg/m3. Generally, it is recommended to apply the subsoil tillage under biofertilization application to achieve higher potato tuber yield.
The Urbach tail of absorption and photoluminescence spectra in EuSe

The steepness constant in the Urbach rule for the absorption spectra of EuSe has been determined - for the first time - to be 0.79. The magnitude implies that the strength of the electron - phonon interaction relating to the exciton transition is as strong as that in alkali halides, and that the exciton is described by a scheme of strong electron - phonon coupling. Furthermore, it has been found that the higher-energy tail of the photoluminescence band increases exponentially with decreasing photon energy by over an order of magnitude, which shows that the photoluminescence band is related to the Urbach rule in the absorption spectra. Also, it has been confirmed, from the consistency of the Urbach tail for the photoluminescence and the absorption, that the photoluminescence in EuSe is the reverse of the exciton transition and hence that the photoluminescence band is intrinsic.
Separation of surfactants from water by granular activated carbon/ultrafiltration hybrid process

The aim of the study was to determine the efficiency granular activated carbon (GAC) as foul control in ultrafiltration (UF) membrane process. The adsorptive parameters for triton x-100, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), and N-dodecylpyridinium chloride on GAC were determined. The equilibrium data fit well to Langmuir adsorption isotherm rather than Freundlich model. Breakthrough curves were obtained from fixed bed experiments, and column parameter was calculated from it. For UF membrane alone and GAC/UF hybrid process, the percent retentions of the selected surfactants under study were determined and the declines in flux were observed. The percent retention was 4, 10, and 22 % for N-dodecylpyridinium chloride, SDBS, and triton x-100, respectively. In the presence of adsorbent, the improved percent retention was 87, 95, and 98 % for triton x-100, SDBS, and N-dodecylpyridinium chloride, respectively. The problems already reported for powdered activated carbon such as cake formation over membrane surface, long backwash time, and blackening of pipes were not observed for GAC.
Response of Benthic Organisms to External Conditions in Matagorda Bay

The Lavaca-Colorado Estuary is a major estuarine system along the Texas coast that provides a major economic benefit to the region by supporting a variety of agricultural, residential, industrial, and recreational functions. The Matagorda Bay Health Evaluation (MBHE) component of the LCRA/SAWS Water Project (LSWP) Study Plan was created to assess the environmental effects that could result from further changes to inflow patterns in the Matagorda Bay system. Benthic analysis is one of several measures outlined in the MBHE framework to determine bay health. This study examined how benthic macrofaunal community structure has varied over space and time in response to changes in inflow in both the Lavaca and Matagorda Bay systems. In general, the Matagorda stations E, F and D exhibit healthier ecosystem function than the Lavaca Bay stations. The investigation also found direct relationships between inflow and salinity on benthic communities. While there were few significant relationships found between univariate macrofaunal community measures and salinity or wet/dry periods, there were nevertheless distinct station differences in community structure along salinity gradients. Also, there were three indicator species of freshwater inflow effects. The polychaete Streblospio benedicti declined continuously from freshwater stations to marine stations D. The bivalves Macoma mitchelli and Mulinia lateralis exhibited strong declines along the salinity gradient from freshwater to marine. This implies that reduced flows will cause the upstream communities to take on characteristics of downstream communities. Over the next year, more analyses will be performed to assess if trophic levels are as important as species-level data, and if rare species play a significant role in ecosystem function. Neither of these factors were analyzed in the current preliminary report. Thus, further analysis of existing data, as well as possibly more field studies, is needed to more thoroughly assess the relationship between inflow and community structure in the Lavaca-Colorado estuary.
The effect of orchard soil management on the uptake of nitrogen by established apple trees

Nitrogen-15 was supplied as K15NO3 to mature Cox/M.26 apple trees grown in conventional wide herbicide strips, with overall herbicide or with complete grass cover. Uptake was measured, following placement, either at 10 cm depth within the tree rows or at 10 or 25 cm depth in the alleys between the rows. Uptake of 15N in the strip treatment was always much greater from the strip than from the grassed alley, while with the overall herbicide trees, uptake was highest from the tree row in June but from the alley in August. With overall grass, uptake was highest from the alley. Management treatments did not affect the total N content of the leaves, so results were similar whether expressed on an atom % or pg μg g−1 DW basis. In the herbicide strip treatment, application of fertiliser nitrogen at rates between 0 and 126 kg ha−1 had little effect on either the amount or the pattern of 15N uptake. Recovery of added 15N tracer by the trees during the year of treatment varied from 2 to 25% depending upon treatment, position and depth of injection. Absorption of 15N appeared to be greater in mid-summer than in spring or autumn. Pattern of N uptake was affected by interaction between soil water status, periodicity of root growth and total N demand.
HETEROCYCLIC AROMATIC AMINES IN MEAT

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) are formed during cooking proteinaceous foods such as meat at temperatures above 150C. Epidemiologic studies have shown that all HCAs are mutagenic, and many are carcinogenic. To date, more than 25 HCAs have been identified at ng/g levels in cooked foods. It is therefore recommended minimizing HCAs occurrence in foods consumed by humans. Thus, more information about them is needed. The purpose of this review is to explain chemistry, formation, precursors, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, and also levels of HCAs in cooked meats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) are formed during cooking of protein-rich foods. They are therefore widely consumed by humans. On the basis of results from long-term animal studies, several HCAs are considered mutagenic and carcinogenic. The competent authorities in most Western countries recommend minimizing HCA occurrence. Thus, it is important to learn more about the formation and inhibition of these compounds in cooked foods. Detailed information about HCAs in cooked meats is briefly presented in this review.
Synthesis and therapeutic applications of biocompatible or biodegradable hyperbranched polymers

Biocompatible or biodegradable hyperbranched polymers (HBPs), an important subclass of hyperbranched macromolecules, have recently received increasing attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties as well as their great advantages in therapeutic applications. This review highlights recent advances and future trends in the preparation and applications of biocompatible or biodegradable HBPs for therapeutic purpose. Various biocompatible or biodegradable hyperbranched structures can be obtained by means of step-growth polycondensation (SGP), self-condensing vinyl polymerization (SCVP), self-condensing ring-opening polymerization (SCROP), and so forth. The properties of biocompatible or biodegradable HBPs can be tailored for a specialized purpose through terminal modification, backbone modification, or hybrid modification. Special emphasis is then placed on their diagnostic, therapeutic delivery and theranostic applications. Finally, future directions and perspectives in this emerging field are briefly discussed. These developments on the synthesis and therapeutic applications of biocompatible or biodegradable HBPs promote interdisciplinary research spanning polymer materials and biomedical sciences.
Two-photon photocurrent spectroscopy of electron intersubband relaxation and dephasing in quantum wells

Resonantly enhanced nonlinear absorption between conduction subbands in InGaAs∕AlGaAs quantum wells induces a two-photon photocurrent under femtosecond excitation, which is exploited to determine electron intersubband relaxation and dephasing times. The approach allows us to study systematically the dependence of these time constants on structural parameters, including carrier density and modulation/well doping, and to discriminate between different scattering processes.
Laboratory and theoretical study of the oxy radicals in the OH- and Cl-initiated oxidation of ethene

The products of the OH-initiated oxidation mechanism of ethene have been studied as a function of temperature (between 250 and 325 K) in an environmental chamber, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for end product analysis. The oxidation proceeds via formation of a peroxy radical, HOCH2CH2O2. Reaction of this peroxy radical with NO is exothermic and produces chemically activated HOCH2CH2O radicals, of which about 25% decompose to CH2OH and CH2O on a time scale that is rapid compared to collisions, independent of temperature. The remainder of the HOCH2CH2O radicals are thermalized and undergo competition between decomposition, HOCH2CH2O → CH2OH + CH2O (6), and reaction with O2, HOCH2CH2O + O2 → HOCH2CHO + HO2 (7). The rate constant ratio, k6/k7, for the thermalized radicals was found to be (2.0 ± 0.2) × 1025 exp[−(4200 ± 600)/T] molecule cm-3 over the temperature range 250−325 K. With the assumption of an activation energy of 1−2 kcal mol-1 for reaction 7, the barrier to decomposition of the HOC.