Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Color Vision Deficiency among Students in Hajand and Amad High Schools in Shekhan City

Color vision deficiency is a condition affecting human's ability to see or recognize specific colors. It is mostly genetic, X-linked recessive inheritance and thus, is more common among males than females. This cross sectional study was done to find the prevalence of color vision deficiency among high school students in Shekhan city and to find the relation of color vision deficiency with different races. The study has been conducted in two high schools that were present inside Shekhan city at the time of the study (Amad high school for males and Hajand high school for females). All students screened by using Ishihara 24 plates.640 students (283 males, 357 females) were screened. Students' age range (15-22 years), the Mean age for males17.50 years and for females 17.13 years. The prevalence of Color Vision Deficiency was 6.36% among males and 0.84% among females. The most common types of Color Vision Deficiency among males were deuteranomaly (10cases),protanomaly (5 cases), deuteranopia (2 cases) and protanopia (1 case). There was no significant difference between races and color vision deficiency. Similar to dyslexia, before it was well known and well understood, color vision deficiency is aninvisible disability and can lead to students becoming disappointment with learning or feeling that they are moronic or less cable than others. It can provide erroneous rules for learning and indeed, even influence how well they do in their exams and consecutively their choice of career.
The Developmental Origins of the Social Brain: Empathy, Morality, and Justice

The social brain is the cornerstone that effectively negotiates and navigates complex social environments and relationships. When mature, these social abilities facilitate the interaction and cooperation with others. Empathy, morality, and justice, among others, are all closely intertwined, yet the relationships between them are quite complex. They are fundamental components of our human nature, and shape the landscape of our social lives. The various facets of empathy, including affective arousal/emotional sharing, empathic concern, and perspective taking, have unique contributions as subcomponents of morality. This review helps understand how basic forms of empathy, morality, and justice are substantialized in early ontogeny. It provides valuable information as to gain new insights into the underlying neurobiological precursors of the social brain, enabling future translation toward therapeutic and medical interventions.
Nationwide trends in antidiabetic drugs (type-2) utilization, Ukraine, 2014–2016

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. According to the guidelines of International Diabetes Federation, patients need to be given appropriate medical treatment, the purpose of which is to achieve the compensation of the disease and the treatment of its complications. The aim of this study was to analyze the consumption and expenditure per day of oral antidiabetic medicines in Ukraine during 2014–2016. Materials and Methods: Study of drug consumption was conducted using anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose (ATC/DDD) methodology by calculating such figures as utilization in DDD, DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day, and expenditure per DDD. Results and Discussion: The consumption rates of DDDs/1000 PD of monoantidiabetic drugs fluctuated from 11.57 to 15.45 DDDs/1000 PD, and for combined antidiabetic drugs, it was changed from 1.02 to 1.11 DDDs/1000 PD during 2014–2016. The structure of consumption in Ukraine 2015–2016 shows increasing in consumption of biguanides (51.21%), sulfonylureas (74.57%), repaglinide (91.67%), liraglutide (40%), pioglitazone (33.3%), and dapagliflozin (35%). The analysis of expenditure per DDD shows that the most affordable unit of DDD was agents that contain pioglitazone, metformin, sulfonylureas group, and combined drugs. Conclusion: Nationwide trends in antidiabetic agents’ utilization were analyzed in Ukraine during 2014–2016. It has been established a slight decreasing of A10B group agents’ consumption in the period of 2014–2015. In 2016, there was a tendency to increase the value of DDDs/1000 PD.
Housing pressures and policies

Do we have a housing crisis in New Zealand that is in need of a ‘policy fix’? It depends on where you are and who you are. Imagine, for instance, that you bought a house in Auckland in March 2007 and wanted to sell in March 2017, a decade later. Provided you chose to leave Auckland, you would have done very well financially. Over the decade to March 2017 the typical Auckland house doubled in value: the REINZ house price index (HPI) for the Auckland region showed an increase of 102%. By contrast, the price of the typical house in the Manawatu–Wanganui region increased by only 17%, which was slower than the rate of consumer price inflation of 21% over the same period. Figure 1 shows a time series for house prices (indexed to 100 in January 1992) for Auckland, Manawatu–Wanganui, New Zealand and New Zealand exAuckland. The capital gain in Manawatu– Wanganui was less than the after-tax compound return (39%) on a bank deposit over the same period. Nationwide average hourly earnings rose by 32% during the decade. Quite clearly, housing would have been a poor investment in Manawatu–Wanganui over the past decade. More generally, an analysis of housing affordability conducted by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment shows that national-level housing affordability for both first home buyers and renters in June 2015 was broadly on a par with affordability levels since 2005 (Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, 2017). However, given the rise in the HPI for New Zealand since 2015, first home-buyer affordability is likely to have deteriorated nationally since then. These contrasting experiences tell us two things: (1) the Auckland housing market is facing severe pressures, with house price rises greatly exceeding those in incomes and in prices of other goods and services; and (2) not all regions are suffering severe housing stress. In Arthur Grimes
Steady Slow Flow of an Oldroyd 8-Constant Fluid in a Corner Region with a Moving Wall

Viscoelastic fluids have gained increasing importance recently in technological applications. They are considered more realistic when compared to Newtonian fluids in some situations where flow phenomena can only be explained by using viscoelastic fluids' models. This paper discusses problem of dealing with the steady slow flow of an Oldroyd 8-constant viscoelastic fluid in a corner region with a moving wall. The aim of this study is to examine theoretically whether or not fluid elasticity is responsible for the formation of circulating cells near the corner, which has been observed experimentally in various polymer processes. Using series expansions given by Strauss (1975) for the stream function and stress components, the governing equations of the problem are reduced to linear ordinary differential equations. These equations have been solved analytically. It is shown that streamline patterns are strongly dependent on viscoelastic parameters. There is, unlike the case of Newtonian fluid, a secondary flow near the corner point.
A Social Network Approach to Provisioning and Management of Cloud Computing Services for Enterprises

This paper proposes a social network approach to the provisioning and management of cloud computing services termed Opportunistic Cloud Computing Services (OCCS), for enterprises; and presents the research issues that need to be addressed for its implementation. We hypothesise that OCCS will facilitate the adoption process of cloud computing services by enterprises. OCCS deals with the concept of enterprises taking advantage of cloud computing services to meet their business needs without having to pay or paying a minimal fee for the services. The OCCS network will be modelled and implemented as a social network of enterprises collaborating strategically for the provisioning and consumption of cloud computing services without entering into any business agreements. We conclude that it is possible to configure current cloud service technologies and management tools for OCCS but there is a need for new approaches that view enterprises as both service providers and consumers to facilitate the easy implementation of OCCS networks. Keywords-cloud service brokerage; social networking; and opportunistic cloud computing services.
Microphallus spp. presence in Orconectes propinquus and their affect on asymmetric chela.

Chela asymmetry and its relatedness to parasite load in Northern Clearwater Crayfish (Orconectes propinquus) was tested and we hypothesize individuals with higher parasite loads will also express greater chela asymmetry. 51 O. propinquus were sampled in Douglas Lake and the Maple River of northern MI for asymmetry and parasite loads. No statistically significant asymmetry was observed in the individual crayfish and only 3 of 51 individuals were parasitized. This may be explained by an overall absence of asymmetry in chela and/or the absence of the first intermediate host snail host necessary for Microphallus to complete their life cycle.
Design and Development of Microstrip Array Antenna with Broader Bandwidth and Beam

The design and development of an X-band linearly polarized microstrip array antenna is presented. The array elements are fed by corporate feed network, which improves the impedance bandwidth of the four element rectangular microstrip array antenna (4RMSAA) by 18.65 %. By increasing the array elements from four to eight, impedance bandwidth is improved to 38.47 % which is 2.06 times more. Experimental results for the array antennas in term of return loss, -3dB beam width and gain are presented.
Dynamic nature of active chromatin hubs

Aim. In order to get more information about organization of active chromatin hubs and their role in the regulation of gene transcription we have studied the spatial organization of the α-globin gene domain in cultured chicken erythroblasts. Methods. The chromosome conformation capture (3C) protocol was employed to analyze the 3D configuration of the chicken α-globin gene domain. Results. We have demonstrated that in the same cell population the chicken domain of α-globin gene may be organized in two different active chromatin hubs. One of them appears essential for the activation of the α-globin gene expression while the other – for the activation of TMEM8 gene which constitutes a part of the α-globin gene domain in chicken, but not in human and other mammals. Importantly, two regulatory elements participate in the formation of both active chromatin hubs. Conclusions. The assembly of the same genomic area into two alternative chromatin hubs which share some regulatory elements suggests that active chromatin hubs are dynamic rather than static, and that regulatory elements may shuttle between different chromatin hubs.
Voluntary Economic and Environmental Risk Tradeoffs in Crop Protection Decisions

An indirect utility model is employed for measuring farmers’ willingness to voluntarily accept yield losses for a reduction in environmental risk by decreasing pesticide use. Results support the hypothesis that farmers have self-described risk perceptions that enable them to make assessments of risk-yield tradeoffs. Policies designed to encourage and assist farmers making voluntary pesticide reductions can result in environmental risk reduction.
Has poor relief declined in Jamaica? A preliminary investigation

This paper studies the changing fortunes of Poor Relief, a prototype social security benefit that was officially instituted in Jamaica in 1886, and has been managed by the local authorities. Although a number of public inquiries have been conducted into the conditions in which poor people live, in general, and into the management of poor relief in particular, management of the policy has not kept abreast of develop ments in modern management. Poor relief has been surpassed by other politically visible modern programmes of poverty reduction. A general deterioration in economic fortunes of the country has also had a negative impact on the supply and real value of public investments in poor relief. Poor relief as a public programme, therefore, requires a serious review.
On the Intermediary Effect of Organizational Policy: The Effect of Perceived Ethical Climate on Corruption Behavior of Teachers

Employees want to benefit from more sources of the organization to achieve their own goals in the direction of individual desires, which made them rivals in the sharing of income, responsibility, and promotion regarding the organization; thus, in organizations, political processes began to appear. Perceptions of what is considered ethically correct and how ethical issues are addressed within an organization constitutes the ethical climate of the organization. According to social psychology, behaviors of the individual are the function of the psychological environment perceived by the individual in which he or she is living or working. In that case, positively or negatively perceived organizational ethical climate has the possibility of reducing or increasing unethical behavior under the influence of organizational policy perception. In other words, corruption behavior, which means an employee's using public resources or power for his/her own interests, is likely to be affected both by organizational ethical climate and organizational policy perceptions. To examine these effects relational type path analysis used. The data were collected with "Organizational: Policy Perception, Ethical Climate, and Corruption" scales. Although the results of the research did not confirm the model established to determine the effect of ethical climate on teachers' corruption behavior under the intermediary influence of organizational policy; the ethical climate perceived as socially responsible and ruled are determined to have the effect of reducing the corruption behavior, while the attitude of superordinate and workmates of organizational policy perception have an increasing effect on the corruption behavior of teachers.
Socket-shield and immediate implantation

Introduction After tooth extraction, the alveolar bone undergoes a remodeling process, wich leads to horizontal and vertical bone loss. Th ese resorption processes complicate dental rehabilitation, particularly in connection w ith implants. Various methods of guided bone regeneration have been described to retain the original dimension of the bone after extraction. Most procedures use filler materials an d membranes to support the buccal plate and soft tissue, to stabilize the coagulum and to p revent epithelial ingrowth. It has also been suggested that resorption of the buccal bundle bone ca be avoided by leaving a buccal root segment (socket-shield technique) in place, because the biological integrity of the buccal periodontum remains untouched. This method has also been decribed in connection with immediate implant placement. Objective This literature review aim enumerate and describe t he different treatments and tissue reactions after tooth extraction, immediate and delayed implantation. The socketshield technique, the evolution in tooth extraction and immediate implantation with high esthetic results due to the preservation of hard an d soft tissues by leaving a buccal root segment in place. Materials and methods For this purpose a research has been done and da ta was obtained from on-line resources: Medline, Pubmed, Scielo, Bi reme, Bon, books and specialized magazines which was conducted between January 2016 and May 2016. A number of articles have been obtained in English and French , published between 1997 and 2015 . The key words used were implantology, dental implant, h ard/soft tissue, tooth extraction, immediate implantation, delayed implantation, sock et-shield. Conclusion In socket-shield technique, there were neither f unctional nor aesthetic changes in soft and hard tissues. It’s already a ro utine practice in the arsenal of highaesthetic immediate implantology and should be used when indicated. Although this technique is quiet promising, we should be aware of the incoming publications about a larger follow up and the predictability of leaving a fragment inside the socket after an extraction.
Factors influencing crude oil biodegradation by Yarrowia lipolytica

Yarrowia lipolytica is unique strictly aerobic yeast with the ability to efficiently degrade hydrophobic substrates such as n-alkenes, fatty acids, glycerol and oils. In the present work, a 24 full factorial design was used to investigate the influence of the independent variables of temperature, agitation, initial cell concentration and initial petroleum concentration on crude oil biodegradation. The results showed that all variables studied had significant effects on the biodegradation process. Temperature, agitation speed and initial cell concentration had positive effects, and initial petroleum concentration had a negative effect. Among the crude oil removal conditions studied, the best temperature and agitation conditions were 28oC and 250 rpm, respectively.
Hierarchical Aggregation Prediction Method

In this paper we explain the methodology taken to tackle the problem of predicting the students’ performance as stated in the KDD Cup 2010 Educational Data Mining Challenge. To address this task, we designed a methodology of our own, which we call hierarchical aggregation prediction method. The main objective of the proposed method is to achieve a good computational eciency, without signicant loss in accuracy. This is achieved by, reducing the amount of data that is processed through the hierarchical aggregation of data, and application of feature selection methods. We further improve the computational speed of the proposed method by using the relational database for aggregation procedures. We highlight the advantages of the proposed method (much faster execution speed, while maintaining comparable accuracy) by comparing it with the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) classication algorithm (which also performs aggregation, but in a dierent manner).
Influence of Loss‐on‐Ignition Temperature and Heating Time on Ash Content of Compost and Manure

Abstract Loss‐on‐ignition (LOI) is a simple method for determining ash content, and by reciprocation, organic matter content of compost and manure. However, reported ignition temperatures and heating times for LOI measurements vary widely, and this brings into question the accuracy of one specific combination of ignition temperature and heating time over another. This study examined the effect of 42 temperature‐heating time combinations (six ignition temperatures from 400 to 650°C in 50°C increments by seven heating times of 1, 2, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24‐h) on the ash content of a finished compost and a fresh manure. The experiment included the 550°C for 2‐h method recommended in Test Methods for Evaluation of Compost and Composting. The magnitude of the decrease in ash content due to increase in temperature was not consistent across all heating times. For example, after a 1‐h heating time for compost, ash content was 75.7% at 400°C and 67.5% at 650°C, compared to 69.6% at 400°C and 66.8% at 650°C after 24‐h. Irrespective of heating time, an ignition temperature of 400°C overestimated ash content for both compost and manure compared to the TMECC method. The TMECC method with its moderate temperature and short heating time requirement could reduce energy costs without affecting ash content results.
HESS Opinions : The complementary merits of competing modelling philosophies in hydrology

In hydrology, two somewhat competing philosophies form the basis of most process-based models. At one endpoint of this continuum are detailed, high-resolution descriptions of small-scale processes that are numerically integrated to larger scales (e.g. catchments). At the other endpoint of the continuum are spatially lumped representations of the system that express the hydrological response via, in the extreme case, a single linear transfer function. Many other models, developed starting from these two contrasting endpoints, plot along this continuum with different degrees of spatial resolutions and process complexities. A better understanding of the respective basis as well as the respective shortcomings of different modelling philosophies has the potential to improve our models. In this paper we analyse several frequently communicated beliefs and assumptions to identify, discuss and emphasize the functional similarity of the seemingly competing modelling philosophies. We argue that deficiencies in model applications largely do not depend on the modelling philosophy, although some models may be more suitable for specific applications than others and vice versa, but rather on the way a model is implemented. Based on the premises that any model can be implemented at any desired degree of detail and that any type of model remains to some degree conceptual, we argue that a convergence of modelling strategies may hold some value for advancing the development of hydrological models.
Climate forcing and density dependence in a mountain ungulate population

Population models in ecology are rarely validated by comparing their pre- dictions to long-term observations of changes in population size. We have used a variety of analytical tools to examine a 45-year time series of annual censuses of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) in the Gran Paradiso National Park in northwestern Italy. This ibex population grew from about 3300 to almost 5000 individuals in the 1980s during a decade of anom- alously mild winters, and then began to decline in the 1990s. By 1997, the population size had returned to previous levels. Adult survival apparently increased and adult sex ratio may have changed to slightly favor males during the increase in population density. Yearly changes in total population were correlated with seasonal average snow depth and population density over the 39 years for which climate data were available. Our results show that the ibex population size was limited by both density dependence and deep snow. A model based on these factors fit to the first 19 years of data was used to forecast subsequent changes in total population based on initial population size and yearly snow depth. The model was able to predict the increase and subsequent decline in total population size over the final 20 years of the study but failed to reproduce population levels after the eruption. Our results suggest that the 1980s episode of population growth was primarily driven by increased adult survival, rather than increased recruitment.
How Do Faith-Based Organizations Compare to Secular Providers? Nonprofit Directors' and Poor Women's Assessments of FBOs

ABSTRACT Over the last decade, policy-makers have pushed faith-based organizations (FBOs) to increase their role in providing services to welfare-reliant and low-income families. Using data from qualitative research, I detail how poor women and nonprofit directors serving poor individuals in Philadelphia have conflicting understandings of FBOs. A substantial proportion of secular nonprofit directors question whether FBOs have the capacity to provide the range of services poor women need. Furthermore, nonprofit directors largely focused on how FBOs differ from other types of social service providers in four main areas: (1) individualized, caring treatment of clients, (2) religiosity in service delivery, (3) connections to the community, and (4) professionalization. Interviews with the poor women, however, counter many of the nonprofit directors' assumptions and reveal that these women experience FBOs and secular nonprofits in similar ways. These findings not only suggest discontinuity among nonprofit directors and their potential clientele but also raise important questions for the current policy thrust to increase FBOs' role in service provision to the poor.