Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic analysis study and its consequences for the design of the concrete face slab of CFRD

The study deals with a approx. 140 m high CFRD founded on sound rock in a highly seismic area. The dam embankment consists of sandy gravels from the alluvial borrow areas and rockfill obtained from the mandatory excavations, adding up a total volume of approximately 6 million m3. The upstream slope of the dam is 1.5:1.0 (H:V) whereas the downstream slope is on average 1.6:1.0 (H:V) variable between 10m wide berms (access road). The crest is 8.40 m wide and 570 m long. This paper presents the study of the dynamic analysis on a three-dimensional finite difference model of the dam and its effects on the concrete face slab. The high seismic hazard of the site, which considers a PGA of 0.507g for the Maximum Credible Earthquake and 0.344g for the Design Earthquake, leads to the potential risk of high permanent displacements corresponding to the maximum level of acceptance (1% of the height of the dam). In full reservoir condition and due to the high rigidity of the concrete face, tensile stresses build up in the slab inducing the upper third of the face of the dam to crack when adopting the concrete strength limits based on the current practice in structural analysis of CFRDs. Consequently, high leakage may occur impacting on the downstream slope stability. In order to estimate the cracking and to control the leakage potential, a parametric study is performed for the dimensioning of the slab by varying the amount of reinforcement, including horizontal joints and a vertical drain to improve the permeability of the dam materials. The study indicates that the steel reinforcement required to withstand the seismic effects is much higher than that adopted in the usual design practice. The structural behavior can be improved with non-usual mitigation measures for the concrete slab (i.e. including horizontal joints, additional reinforcement), however, there is lack of knowledge in the state of the art about its behavior because there are no precedent analyses of embankments with similar design conditions. Furthermore, there is no evidence of large CFRDs that have had experienced such high ground motion at full impounding level. Keywords-CFRDs, Seismicity, Dynamic Analysis, Design
Fair Value and Crisis: Defense Welcomed

Many people points towards fair value accounting for financial instruments as being one of the major aggressors of financial crisis. We argue that it is just another case of shooting the messenger, by proving where things really went wrong, and who could be considered responsible within the formed vicious cycle. The results show that fair value accounting is nothing but a “scapegoat”, while the ones who are now asking a restriction in the scope of fair value accounting should take more responsibility for their actions. An objective point of view implies making a clearer distinction between accounting and prudential concerns. Fair value cannot be considered guilty for the actual financial crisis, but only a messenger of it, case in which some reactions can be understood, because we all know the general reaction towards the manager. In other words, the concept of fair value has the role to bring us as close as possible to reality, fact that could be realized through a correct implementation and a greater transparency, if used properly. Concluding by Churchill words about democracy: “it is the worst system with the exception of all others”. Key-Words: Fair Value; Financial Crisis; Historical Costs; Accounting Measurement; Value Relevance; Prudential Concerns
In-situ X-ray diffraction study of single-slip-conditioned copper single crystals during uniaxial deformations

Abstract The broadening of X-ray peak profiles and movements of tensile axes were obtained simultaneously in single-slip-conditioned copper single crystals. Two types of sample showed different tensile axis movements and slip system activities. These results are in accord with the observation of slip lines with scanning electron microscopy. The broadening of the X-ray peak profiles is highly dependent on the absolute value of g·b despite the same amount of deformation. The slope between shear stress and βdisorder obtained from broadening generally shows similar trends for samples A and B. As soon as the tensile axis leaves its original stereographic triangle, βdisorder stops increasing in sample B. This phenomenon indicates the change of activation of (111)[101] and (1 11)[011] slip systems.
An accurate reappraisal of the elemental form factors and charge density of copper

The best X-ray atomic scattering factors for copper have been examined carefully to see which are most appropriate for charge density studies. The most consistent values were then used to generate a deformation charge density map, and it would appear that bonding in copper arises from electron charge build up between nearest-neighbour (n.n.) atoms, next-n.n. atoms etc. This is in agreement with conclusions obtained from γ-ray diffraction experiments and the best band-structure calculations, but in marked disagreement with the charge density obtained from earlier band-structure form factors.
Ordering of deuterium in PdD0.65 at 54 K

Neutron powder diffraction studies on PdD0.65 demonstrate that the 50 K anomaly is due to an order-disorder transition of deuterium within octahedral interstitial sites. The slow transition to the ordered phase involves diffusion of deuterium from the nearest-neighbour deuterium positions to the second-nearest-neighbour positions. The ordered crystal structure remains cubic, and is accurately described in space group Pm3n by doubling the cell constant relative to the disordered structure (space group Fm3m).
EFFECTS OF REDUCING DIETARY CATION-ANION BALANCE FOR PREPARTUM DAIRY COWS WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO HYPOCALCEMIC PARTURIENT PARESIS

A trial was conducted to investigate the response of prepartum dairy cows to reducing the level of dietary cation-anion balance by measuring the concentration of plasma Ca, P, Mg and hydroxy proline, the apparent absorption of Ca, P and Mg and the incidence of milk fever. Twenty prepartum Holstein cows were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments designated control, diets 1, 2 and 3, with cation-anion balances [(Na + K) – (Cl + S)] of + 394, + 121, + 105 and + 62 meq kg−1 dietary dry matter (DM), respectively. Diets containing 1.38% Ca and 0.76% P (dry basis) were offered from day 45 prepartum to day 2 postpartum. Reducing the level of dietary cation-anion balance decreased the severity of the decline of plasma Ca during the periparturient period and delayed the time of observing the lowest concentration of plasma Ca. Strong negative correlations were observed during the periparturient period, particularly at parturition, between dietary cation-anion intake and the concentrations of plasma Ca and P.
Effect of Reactive Species Photogenerated by the Ultraviolet Irradiation of TiO2 on the Peroxidation of Linoleic Acid

This article shows that hydroxyl radicals adsorbed on the surface of TiO2 (Ti-•OH groups) account for about 70–100% of the photocatalytic peroxidation of linoleic acid under UVB irradiation, which results into malondialdehyde production. The experimental data are silent concerning the involvement of 1O2 in the process, although an upper limit of 30% can be hypothesized, while an involvement of surface-bound holes into the lipoperoxidation process can be excluded.
Exploring the catalytic efficiency of nickel hydroxide for degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous medium

This study is focused on synthesis of nickel based catalyst and exploration of its catalytic efficiency for oxidative degradation of phenol, methyl orange, methylene blue and direct black dyes in aqueous medium. Sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide and nickel sulfatehexahydrate in distilled water were used as starting material for preparation of nickel catalyst. Pyrex glass batch reactor was used to study the catalytic experiments on 313, 323 and 333 K temperature. Experimental data was subjected to kinetics analysis using Curve Expert software. Degradation reaction was taking place according to Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Apparent activation energy for catalytic degradation of each dye was determined.
Structure of plasmas generated by the interaction between metallic ions and neutral gas particles in a low-pressure arc

A numerical solution for the metallic-plasma-neutral-gas structure generated in a low-pressure arc is presented. The equations correspond to a spherically symmetric fluid-like steady model, valid for the outer region of the arc, and describe the ion slowing down by elastic scattering with the neutral particles. Technically, the obtention of the profiles of different magnitudes is complicated due to the existence of a critical point in the steady-state system of equations. The proposed approach to overcome this difficulty is to solve instead a pseudotransient system of equations which rapidly and efficiently relax to the stationary state. By employing this numerical method of second-order accuracy in space, the plasma and neutral gas density, the electron and ion drift velocities, the electron and neutral temperatures, and the electrostatic potential profiles are obtained from the border of the arc channel up to the discharge chamber wall. It is found that the value of the neutral gas filling pressure stro.
Rotationally inelastic gas–surface scattering: HCl from Au(111)

A quantum‐resolved molecular beam–surface scattering study of HCl scattered from Au(111) is described. The HCl is detected in a quantum‐resolved manner via (2+1) resonant enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). Greater than 85% of the incident HCl molecules are in a single‐quantum state (v=0, J=0) with a narrow velocity distribution (Δυ/υ<0.10). The scattered HCl is strongly peaked about the specular angle, and both its final velocity and rotational distributions are indicative of direct inelastic scattering. The scattered rotational distributions exhibit features characteristic of rotational rainbows and have a mean rotational energy that displays a bilinear dependence upon the incident normal kinetic energy and surface temperature. The final velocity distributions are largely insensitive to the rotational level and indicate that the energy loss to phonons is small (<20%). Analysis of the scattered data indicates an orientation‐averaged attractive well depth of ∼5 kcal/mol for the HCl–Au(111) interaction.
Liquid-Sn-driven lateral growth of poly-GeSn on insulator assisted by surface oxide layer

Effects of surface oxide layers on liquid-Sn-driven GeSn crystallization on insulators at various temperatures (<475 °C) are investigated. An amorphous Ge in neighborhood of patterned-Sn (<3.5 μm) becomes to polycrystalline Ge1−xSnx (x ≈ 0.025 − 0.14) after annealing at 150–475 °C, which is independent of the surface oxide thickness. Interestingly, a 50-μm-length lateral growth of polycrystalline Ge0.99Sn0. 01 layers achieved by combination of thickening of the surface-oxide treated by NH4OH and annealing above melting temperature of Sn (231.9 °C). The growth length is 15 times longer than without the treatment. The advanced process promises to achieve group-IV-based optic and electronic devices on flexible substrates and Si platforms.
Encouraging prospects for recycling incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) into clay‐based building products

Staffordshire University has recently completed a laboratory investigation into the potential utilisation of incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) which has now become a serious disposal problem in the United Kingdom. This study involved a physical, chemical and ceramic evaluation of a source of ISSA produced at a newly commissioned sewage sludge incinerator sited near Manchester, initially to establish its level of variability on a day-to-day basis. Subsequently, feedstocks from two commercial brick factories both using raw materials of contrasting ceramic properties were obtained to examine the effect of their partial replacement by this source of ISSA. This work programme involved fabricating and firing experimental test-samples (containing 5% dry w/w ISSA substitution) by the plastic-extrusion forming method which is employed at both brickworks to manufacture their respective products. Standard ceramic testing procedures were subsequently carried out on the products containing ISSA and compared with those of the normal brick products fabricated in parallel. From the positive results obtained it is believed that the introduction of this source of ISSA as a new raw material for use in brick manufacture potentially offers attractive prospects. Moreover, its application in this identified role would provide an innovative alternative to its current landfill disposal, while also offering a direct contribution towards maximising the conservation of traditional brick-making raw material reserves.
Effect of hydrogen and oxygen on stainless steel nitriding

The influence of hydrogen and oxygen on stainless steel implanted by nitrogen low-energy ions is systematically studied. It is shown that hydrogen intervenes moderately in the process only when the oxygen partial pressure in the deposition chamber is relatively high. For very low-oxygen partial pressures, the energetic nitrogen molecules impinging on the substrate sputter the thin oxide layer formed on the substrate. This allows the growing of a rich nitrogen layer beneath the surface, improving the diffusing of the implanted atom deeper in the bulk material. For higher-oxygen partial pressures, the sputtering is ineffective, and an oxide layer partially covers the surface even in the presence of hydrogen. The maximum depth penetration of nitrogen depends on the degree of oxygen coverage, which is fairly well described by a Langmuir absorption isothermal. Hardness depth profiling is consistent with the existence of a diffusion barrier formed by the oxygen absorbed on the surface. In order to understand th.
10 - 22 K CRYOSORPTION OF HELIUM ON MOLECULAR SIEVE 5A AND HYDROGEN ON CONDENSED VAPORS

Abstract : Experimental results are presented for helium adsorption on molecular sieve 5A at 10 and 13.6 K. Results are also given which show that water frost near 22 K adsorbs hydrogen at high volumetric rates with significant absorptive capacity. Carbon dioxide frosts demonstrated these characteristics to a lesser degree near 16 K.
Study of radiation response on single-junction component sub-cells in triple-junction solar cells

The radiation responses of InGaP, (In)GaAs and Ge single-junction sub-cells in a triple-junction space solar cell are studied in order to develop a device simulator which predicts the EOL performance of space solar cells. InGaP top-cells exhibit no significant difference in radiation degradation trends between AM0 light and dark conditions during irradiation. The radiation tolerance of (In)GaAs middle-cells degrades with increasing indium content. However, the absolute value of lsc for a higher In content cell still exceeds that of a GaAs (In=0%) cell after irradiation. Ge bottom-cells exhibit good radiation tolerance as expected. This study is the first to reveal precise radiation response of the sub-cells.
The Effect of Supplementary Yeast Culture in Diets for Pigs on the Bioavailability of Dietary Phosphorus

and Implications Twenty-four crossbred barrow pigs were used in four replications of six treatments to study the effect of supplementary yeast culture in improving the bioavailability of dietary phosphorus. Pigs were fed corn/soybean diets containing 0.5, 0.4, or 0.3% total phosphorus with or without 0.5% yeast culture. The pigs were fed at 5% of body weight daily in two equal feedings for a seven-day preliminary period followed by a seven-day collection period. The percent apparent dry matter digested, percent apparent absorbed phosphorus, and percent apparent absorbed nitrogen only varied according to the amount of phosphorus in the diet. Yeast culture had no effect on any of these measurements. Serum phosphorus levels in all pigs decreased from beginning to termination of the study with the larger decreases in those pigs receiving less phosphorus in their diet. Supplementing pig diets with yeast culture did not improve bioavailability of dietary phosphorus in this study.
Introduction to Lambda Calculus

We give an informal introduction to untyped λ -calculus assuming that the reader is familiar with abstract reduction systems. We show how λ -calculus can encode inductive data types and functional recursion. We also cover sim-pliﬁed versions of the λ -calculus known as call-by-value calculus and the SK-Calculus.
A Significant Shift of Schottky Barrier Heights at Strongly Pinned Metal/Germanium Interface by Inserting an Ultra-Thin Insulating Film

At any metal/germanium (Ge) interfaces, Schottky junctions to n-Ge and ohmic ones to p-Ge are formed by the strong Fermi level pinning to the valence band edge of Ge. In this paper, we report that Schottky-ohmic characteristics are reversed by inserting an ultra-thin oxide film into the metal/Ge interface. A gradual change of Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) with increasing insulating film thickness has been found, which supports that the origin of Fermi level pinning at the metal/Ge junction is caused by the metal-induced gap states. Furthermore, the SBH change enables us to operate metal source/drain Ge n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors (n-MOSFETs) without any impurity doping. We demonstrate the metal source/drain Ge n-MOSFET with a peak mobility of 270 cm2/(V·s).
3-Mercaptohexanol: An Aroma Impact Compound of Petite Arvine Wine

The characteristic aroma of Petite Arvine, a local white wine specialty prepared from the autochthone grape variety Petite Arvine in Valais, Switzerland, is described as intense in grapefruit and rhubarb flavors. In sensory evaluation by a triangle-test, the impact of thiol compounds on the wine aroma was demonstrated. In gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, 3-mercaptohexanol was identified as one of the key aroma compounds for the wine aroma. The concentration of 3-mercaptohexanol in 11 Petite Arvine wines was in the range between 210 and 6100 ng/L; all values being above the odor threshold value in aqueous ethanol solutions for this compound.
Propriedades Magnéticas de Elétrons Itinerantes em Redes Triangulares

The investigation of the magnetic properties of itinerant electron systems has been object of enormous interest of statistical physics since the beginning of quantum theory. During all this time it has important progress in the understanding of diverse systems, but little effort was used in the elucidation of the specific properties of systems in lattices with triangular structures that present frustration in antiferromagnetic correlations. In order to contribute to a better understanding of these systems we use the method of the equation of motion of the Green function on the Hubbard model to calculate the density of states and the magnetic thermodynamic properties of a paramagnetic system with half-filled-band in the cases of triangular and face centered cubic (fcc) lattices. We determine the internal energy and the magnetic susceptibility in function of the temperature (T) and the on-site Coulomb repulsion (U). The results show the strong dependence of the examined quantities with T and U. Particularly, we explicit the dependence of the critical temperature (Tc) with U in the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition, and the critical value of the interaction (Uc) from which the system can present ferromagnetism.
Molecular Mechanisms of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-induced Teratogenesis in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Superfund Research Program Research Assistant, Duke University, 2007 – present Examining the molecular mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity in zebrafish. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Training Fellow, Duke University, 2005-2007 Examined the toxicity of androgens in dopamine cells in the laboratory of Dr. Cynthia Kuhn. Examined the toxicity of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) in the medaka hepatobiliary system in the laboratory of Dr. David Hinton. Undergraduate Independent Research with Dr. James Doyle, Aquinas College, 2004 Developed primers and created a set up and protocol for PCR at Aquinas College to survey campus soil samples for the presence of archaebacteria. Microbiology Research & Development Intern, Amway, 2004 Examined the anti-bacterial efficacy of bathroom water filtration systems to be sold in Japan.
Combined analysis of whole human blood parameters by Raman spectroscopy and spectral-domain low-coherence interferometry

In this article the simultaneous investigation of blood parameters by complementary optical methods, Raman spectroscopy and spectral-domain low-coherence interferometry, is presented. Thus, the mutual relationship between chemical and physical properties may be investigated, because low-coherence interferometry measures optical properties of the investigated object, while Raman spectroscopy gives information about its molecular composition. A series of in-vitro measurements were carried out to assess sufficient accuracy for monitoring of blood parameters. A vast number of blood samples with various hematological parameters, collected from different donors, were measured in order to achieve a statistical significance of results and validation of the methods. Preliminary results indicate the benefits in combination of presented complementary methods and form the basis for development of a multimodal system for rapid and accurate optical determination of selected parameters in whole human blood. Future development of optical systems and multivariate calibration models are planned to extend the number of detected blood parameters and provide a robust quantitative multi-component analysis.
Syntheses, carbonylations, and dihydrogen exchange studies of monomeric and dimeric silox ([sup 1]Bu[sub 3]SiO[sup [minus]]) hydrides of tantalum. Structure of [(silox)[sub 2]TaH[sub 2]][sub 2]

The direct conversion of natural gas to fuels will ultimately be the most desirable use of this abundant resource, but recent Fischer-Tropsch process (F-T) routes represent feasible, competitive substitutes, and some are actually approaching commercialization. Recently, the use of [sup t]Bu[sub 3]SiO[sup [minus]] (silox) has enabled the preparation of a series of electrophilic mono- and binuclear tantalum hydride complexes capable of reducing carbon monoxide. Compounds containing hard, electronegative oxygen donors such as alkoxides and siloxides in combination with hydride ligands remain rare; related tantalum hydrides containing softer ancillary ligands are unable to effect the breakdown of CO. Described herein is the final report concerning the syntheses and carbonylation chemistry of numerous silox hydrides of tantalum, with a special focus on the reactivity of [(silox)[sub 2]-TaH[sub 2]][sub 2], whose structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Carbonylation of this binuclear complex results in C-O bond cleavage, C-H bond formation, and carbon-carbon coupling reactions that model the critical bond-making and bond breaking steps in F-T synthesis. 86 refs., 3 figs., 4 tabs.
pH‐sensitivity of hydrogels based on complex forming chitosan: Polyether interpenetrating polymer network

This article deals with a novel, semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN), composed of crosslinked chitosan (cr-CS) with glutaraldehyde (GA) and polyether. The pH responsibility of swelling data shows that swelling reaches a maximum at pH = 3.19 and a minimum at pH = 13. The concentration of chitosan acetic acid solution, the amount of crosslinking agent, and polyether, have effects on the swelling behavior of the network. Stimulating-response of the semi-IPN, induced by abrupt changes of pH between 1 and 13, is discussed as well. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.