Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Self-Similar Symmetry Model to Dark Energy

Recent observations of the dark energy density demonstrates the fine-tuning problem and challenges in theoretical modelling. In this study, we apply the self-similar symmetry (SSS) model, describing the hierarchical structure of the universe based on the Dirac large numbers hypothesis, to Einstein’s cosmological term. We introduce a new similarity dimension, DB, in the SSS model. Using the DB SSS model, the cosmological constant, vacuum energy density, and Hubble parameter can be simply expressed as a function of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. We show that the initial value of the vacuum energy density at the creation of the universe is ρ0 = 1/8παf , where α f is the fine structure constant. The results indicate that the CMB is the primary factor for the evolution of the universe, providing a unified understanding of the problems of naturalness.
Cloud-Assisted Safety Message Dissemination in VANET – Cellular Heterogeneous Wireless Network

VANETS should be a vital features the possibility to affect people’s life or death decisions. In this projected work a framework for fast message dissemination that combines the benefits of various communication and cloud computing technologies. Specially, we tend to proposed novel cloud assisted Message Downlink dissemination scheme (CMDS), with that the security message within the cloud server are 1st delivered to the appropriate mobile gateways on relevant roads with the assistance of cloud computing. VANETs have emerged as an exciting analysis and application are progressively vehicles are being equipped with embedded sensing element. Process and wireless communication capabilities opening a myriad of prospects for powerful and potential life ever-changing application on safety, efficiency, comfort, public collaboration and participation while they are on the road.
Sources and chemical characterization of organic aerosol during the summer in the eastern Mediterranean

Abstract. The concentration and chemical composition of non-refractory fine particulate matter (NR-PM1) and black carbon (BC) levels were measured during the summer of 2012 in the suburbs of two Greek cities, Patras and Athens, in an effort to better understand the chemical processing of particles in the high photochemical activity environment of the eastern Mediterranean. The composition of PM1 was surprisingly similar in both areas, demonstrating the importance of regional sources for the corresponding pollution levels. The PM1 average mass concentration was 9–14 μg m−3. The contribution of sulfate was around 38 %, while organic aerosol (OA) contributed approximately 45 % in both cases. PM1 nitrate levels were low (2 %). The oxygen to carbon (O : C) atomic ratio was 0.50 ± 0.08 in Patras and 0.47 ± 0.11 in Athens. In both cases PM1 was acidic. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the high-resolution organic aerosol mass spectra obtained by an Aerodyne High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). For Patras, five OA sources could be identified: 19 % very oxygenated OA (V-OOA), 38 % moderately oxygenated OA (M-OOA), 21 % biogenic oxygenated OA (b-OOA), 7 % hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA-1) associated with traffic sources and 15 % hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA-2) related to other primary emissions (including cooking OA). For Athens, the corresponding source contributions were: V-OOA (35 %), M-OOA (30 %), HOA-1 (18 %) and HOA-2 (17 %). In both cities the major component was OOA, suggesting that under high photochemical conditions most of the OA in the eastern Mediterranean is quite aged. The contribution of the primary sources (HOA-1 and HOA-2) was important (22 % in Patras and 35 % in Athens) but not dominant.
Systematic notes on Asian birds. 59. Taxonomy as tar-baby: the type locality and nomenclature of the Mindanao Bleeding-heart Gallicolumba crinigera (Pucheran, 1853)

The type specimen of the Mindanao Bleeding-heart Gallicolumba crinigera was acquired on Jolo in the Sulu Archipelago, southern Philippines, but a presumption of biogeographic improbability led to the type locality being “corrected” to Mindanao. Birds from Basilan, geographically interposed between Mindanao and Jolo, have been separated as G. c. bartletti chiefly for their smaller size, but comparison with the type of crinigera is impossible owing to the latter’s lack of outer primaries and tail; in any case bartletti and Mindanao crinigera overlap strongly in size and differ in no diagnostic plumage feature so that bartletti is probably invalid. Given that a Gallicolumba was seen in the wild on Jolo in the nineteenth century, at least five slightly different taxonomic arrangements are possible depending on viewpoint. Reversion of type locality to Jolo would be destabilising at this stage, but it is plausible that the type of crinigera did in fact derive from native birds on Jolo. Resolution of the issue might still be possible, as a local man recently reported that a bird resembling G. crinigera survives on the island.
Free and forced vibration analysis using the smoothed finite element method ( SFEM )

Smoothed finite element method (SFEM) was recently proposed by the authors to improve the accuracy and convergence rate of the existing standard four-node isoparametric finite element method (FEM) by 2 2 quadrature in the static analysis. In this work, it is further extended to the free and forced analysis of two-dimensional (2D) dynamic problems. It is found that SFEM achieves more accurate results and higher convergence rates as compared with the corresponding finite elements in solving dynamic problems without increasing the computational cost. As only shape function itself is involved in computing the field gradients and no coordinate transformation is required, the method is very easy to implement. Nonlinear elastic forced vibration problem is also examined by using smoothed deformation gradients on each cell. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Relationship between Gilbert damping and magneto-crystalline anisotropy in a Ti-buffered Co/Ni multilayer system

The relationship between Gilbert damping and magneto-crystalline anisotropy is studied here using an all-optical method in a perpendicular Co/Ni multilayer system by varying the Ti-buffer thickness. As the Ti-buffer thickness increases, the magneto-crystalline anisotropy is enhanced. The time-resolved Kerr signal of each sample is well described by its own intrinsic Gilbert damping constant in a wide range of the external magnetic field. Interestingly, we find that Gilbert damping constants increase linearly from 0.021 to 0.036 when the magneto-crystalline anisotropy of the samples varies from 2.4 to 3.4 Merg/cm3. Such a linear relationship implies that the spin-orbit interaction is the main source of the damping process through spin-lattice relaxation in our system.
Annotated Bibliography on Women Business Owners: A Diversity Lens

When we take the lens of race, ethnicity, gender, and class to the collected academic work on women business owners, what does it reveal? What do we really know? Are there differing definitions of success across segments of the women businessowner demographics? Do the challenges faced by African American women entrepreneurs differ from those confronting white female entrepreneurs? Do immigrant female women businessowners face more significant institutional barriers than their counterparts who have been U.S. citizens for at least two generations? Are there similar reasons for starting their businesses?
Black South African families with older members: opportunities and constraints

In developing countries, the majority of elders live with children. In South Africa, the first baseline study of persons aged 60 years and older confirmed that more than nine in ten black elders live with children and/or grandchildren. The study focussed on the individual elder and did not provide information on the living conditions of multigeneration families. To fill a gap in knowledge, this paper inquires into the situation of households which shelter persons aged 60 years and over. Secondary analysis of data collected nationwide in late 1993 among close on 9 000 South African households for the Project on Statistics for Living Standards and Development (Saldru 1994) aimed to provide information for policy and planning for the care of the elderly in the family context. Statistics on geographic location, household composition, housing and infrastructure, household economy, education and health, and perceived quality of life were compiled for elderly households and young households with no older members. A comparison of the statistical profiles of older and younger households indicated that poverty was the major constraint on the wellbeing of elderly households. Elderly persons in the family were most likely to perceive their living conditions to be depressed. Elderly households were larger, poorer and more likely to be located in the rural areas than young households. The geographical division of older and younger households, which coincided with an income gap, indicates a need for further inquiries into the dynamics of household formation and the economic links between older and younger households. The paper addresses intergenerational welfare policy issues: the authors recommend that elderly households be considered as an important subcategory of the poor to ensure the wellbeing of older members of the family.
Comparative phytochemical analysis of Coffea benghalensis Roxb Ex Schult, Coffea arabica L. and Coffea liberica Hiern

Objective: To make phytochemical studies of the leaf, pericarp and seed of Coffea benghalensis (C. Benghalensis) compared with those of the widely known Coffea arabica and Coffea liberica. Methods: The sample extracts were prepared by Soxhlet-extraction. Polyphenol content was analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, the identification was carried out based on the retention time, UV and mass spectra of standards and literature data of the detected compounds. Results: Phenolic acids like caffeoylquinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic acids, feruloylquinic acids and coumaroylquinic acid, as well as mangiferin were detected as main constituents in all extracts. Procyanidin trimers were present exclusively in the leaves. In C. benghalensis, main constituents were 5-caffeoylquinic acid and 4-caffeoylquinic acid. Flavan-3-ols were described in all immature and mature pericarp and leaf extracts. Even though 4-feruloylquinic acid was described in both immature and mature seed, dicaffeoylquinic acids were identified only in the mature seed extracts. Mangiferin was present in the leaf, mature pericarp and seed. Conclusions: These analyses provide new chemotaxonomical data for the selected coffees, especially for C. benghalensis. Due to its high polyphenol content, our results indicate its significance of providing new data as a possible source for industry.
Image Classification Based on Convolutional Denoising Sparse Autoencoder

Image classification aims to group images into corresponding semantic categories. Due to the difficulties of interclass similarity and intraclass variability, it is a challenging issue in computer vision. In this paper, an unsupervised feature learning approach called convolutional denoising sparse autoencoder (CDSAE) is proposed based on the theory of visual attention mechanism and deep learning methods. Firstly, saliency detection method is utilized to get training samples for unsupervised feature learning. Next, these samples are sent to the denoising sparse autoencoder (DSAE), followed by convolutional layer and local contrast normalization layer. Generally, prior in a specific task is helpful for the task solution. Therefore, a new pooling strategy—spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) fused with center-bias prior—is introduced into our approach. Experimental results on the common two image datasets (STL-10 and CIFAR-10) demonstrate that our approach is effective in image classification. They also demonstrate that none of these three components: local contrast normalization, SPP fused with center-prior, and vector normalization can be excluded from our proposed approach. They jointly improve image representation and classification performance.
Soll jede latente Hypothyreose substituiert werden

Is Thyroxine Therapy Indicated in Any Case of Subclinical Hypothyroidism? A clear indication for thyroxine substitution therapy only exists in the presence of overt or severe subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH > 10 mU/l). In case of slightly elevated TSH concentrations the decision to initiate thyroxine therapy must be indi- vidualized. Overdosing should be strictly avoid-
Special Thematic Section " Collective Memories and Present-Day Intergroup Relations : A Social-Psychological Perspective " ACultural Psychological Analysis of Collective Memory asMediated Action : Constructions of Indian History

The present research applies a cultural psychological perspective on collective memory as mediated action to examine how constructions of a national past serve as tools that both reflect and shape national identity concerns. We employ a situation-sampling method to investigate collective memory in a series of studies concerning intergroup relations in the Indian context. In Study 1, participants (N = 55) generated three historical events that they considered important/relevant for Indian history. In Study 2, participants (N = 95) rated the importance and relevance of these events in a within-participant design. Illuminating the psychological constitution of cultural reality, frequency of recall (Study 1) and ratings of importance/relevance (Study 2) were greater for nation-glorifying events celebrating ingroup triumph than for typically silenced, critical events acknowledging ingroup wrongdoing. Moreover, these patterns were stronger among participants who scored higher in national identification. In Studies 3 (N = 65) and 4 (N = 160), we exposed participants to different categories of events in a between-participants design. Illuminating the cultural constitution of psychological experience, participants exposed to typically silenced, critical events reported lower national identification and greater perception of injustice against marginalized groups than did participants exposed to nation-glorifying events. Together, results illuminate a conception of collective memory as mediated action. Producers invest memory products with an identity-interested charge that directs subsequent intergroup relations toward identity-consistent ends.
Signature of life on exoplanets: Can Darwin produce false positive detections?

Darwin (ESA) and Terrestrial Planet Finder-TPF (NASA) are two projects of space telescopes aiming at the detection of extra-solar terrestrial planets and some of their atmospheric components. In particular, they will be sensitive to the 9.6 mb and of O 3 which may be the signature of an O2-rich atmosphere produced by photosynthetic life forms. In this paper, we point out that O2, and hence O3, can also be produced by photochemistry and we investigate the risk of \false positive" detection of life incurred by these missions. For this purpose, we have developed new photochemical and radiative-convective models of terrestrial planet atmospheres. By modelling the photochemistry of some realistic atmospheres, (including present and past Earth and Mars) we show that O2-rich atmospheres (up to 5%) and IR absorbing O3 layers can build up without life from H2 Oa nd CO2 photolysis. However, Darwin can still provide a reliable way to detect, through their mid-infrared signatures, ecosystems which have developed oxygenic photosynthesis. Indeed, the two photochemical sources of O2 are shown to interfere with each other; second, when the CO2 pressure is high enough (>50 mbar) to produce appreciable amounts of O2 and O3 ,i t also masks the O 3 feature; and third, the by-products of H2O photolysis destroy O3 . A s a result, whereas the unique detection of O2 remains ambiguous, the simultaneous infrared detection of O3 ,C O 2 and H2O, provided by Darwin, is established to be a robust way to discriminate photochemical O2 production from biological photosynthesis: none of the atmospheres modelled exhibits this \triple signature", even in the most extreme \high risk" cases.
Blessing or Curse: The Stabilizing Role of Remittance, Foreign Aid and FDI to Pakistan

Inflows of remittances to Pakistan are being increasingly viewed as a relatively attractive source of external finance, one that can help to foster development and manage economic shocks. Remittances have become a major source of revenue, surpassing the volume of FDI and official development assistance that the country receives. This study focuses primarily on the stability, cyclicality and stabilization impacts of migrant remittances to Pakistan. It is evident that foreign inflows exhibit different types of volatility; remittances are found to be a less volatile source of external finance than FDI and ODA that are counter-cyclical and stabilizing, thus serving to steady the recipient economy in times of economic downturns. ODA appears to be acyclical and stabilizing, whereas FDI emerges as pro-cyclical and destabilizing. Furthermore, remittances are insensitive to cyclical fluctuation in source countries. We also proceed with SVAR-based identification in order to examine the responses of financial flows to innovation in receiving and source economies. We confirm the counter-cyclical mechanism of remittances with Pakistani output. In particular, our results indicate that remittance flows to Pakistan are mainly due to the economic conditions in the receiving economy.
Analysis on Energy Optimized Data Collection in Tree Based Ad-Hoc Sensor Network

Fast and energy efficient data collection in an energy constraint ad-hoc sensor network is always a challenging issue. The network topology and interferences causes significant effects on data collection and hence on sensors' energy usage. Various approaches using single channel, multichannel and convergecasting had already been proposed. Here in this paper we have shown data collection performance using multi-frequency in channel assignment, and effect of network topology, for moderate size networks of about 50-100 nodes. For the study we have used some realistic simulation models under many-to-one communication paradigm called convergecast, a single frequency channel and TDMA technique to have minimum time slots for convergecasting.
IMPACT OF COSMIC VARIANCE ON THE GALAXY–HALO CONNECTION FOR Lyα EMITTERS

In this paper we study the impact of cosmic variance and observational uncertainties in constraining the mass and occupation fraction, f occ -->? > , of dark matter (DM) halos hosting Lyα-emitting galaxies (LAEs) at high redshift. To this end, we construct mock catalogs from an N-body simulation to match the typical size of observed fields at z = 3.1 ( ∼ 1 deg 2 -->? > ). In our model a DM halo with mass in the range M min < M h < M max -->? > can only host one detectable LAE at most. We proceed to explore the parameter space determined by M min -->? > , M max -->? > , and f occ -->? > with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm using the angular correlation function and the LAEs’ number density as observational constraints. We find that the preferred minimum and maximum masses in our model span a wide range 10 10.0 h − 1 M ⊙ ≤ M min ≤ 10 11.1 h − 1 M ⊙ -->? > , 10 11.0 h − 1 M ⊙ ≤ M max ≤ 10 13.0 h − 1 M ⊙ , -->? > followed by a wide range in the occupation fraction 0.02 ≤ f occ ≤ 0.30 -->? > . As a consequence, the median mass, M50, of all the consistent models has a large uncertainty M 50 = 3.16 − 2.37 + 9.34 × 10 10 -->? > h − 1 M ⊙ -->? > . However, we find that the same individual models have a relatively tight 1 &sgr; -->? > scatter around the median mass Δ M 1 &sgr; = 0.55 − 0.31 + 0.11 -->? > dex. We are also able to show that f occ -->? > is uniquely determined by M min -->? > , regardless of M max -->? > . We argue that upcoming large surveys covering at least 25 deg2 should be able to put tighter constraints on M min -->? > and f occ -->? > through the LAE number density distribution width constructed over several fields of ∼1 deg2.
Research on Psychological Mechanism of Sharing Behavior—Take "Flower" APP as an Example

With the rapid development of smart phone technology, people are becoming more and more addicted to mobile phones, which lead to depression and other undesirable social phenomena. The mobile app of Flower is such applications that can help people get rid of mobile phone addiction. The app's design is based on flow theory and tries to help people get rid of mobile addiction through sharing behavior. It uses the user's positive flow experience for app to replace the user's negative flow experience for mobile phone. Based on the technology acceptance theory, flow theory and extended-self theory, this paper explores the motivation and user’s acquisition of the sharing behavior in the use of the mobile app of Flower, and constructs a new model of internet sharing behavior. And the practical applications of app have proved that sharing behavior contributes to the solution of mobile phone addiction. We hope to be able to make a contribution to app designing and user behavior analysis.
Adaptive Fuzzy Synchronization of Fractional-Order Chaotic Neural Networks with Backlash-Like Hysteresis

An adaptive fuzzy synchronization controller is designed for a class of fractional-order neural networks (FONNs) subject to backlash-like hysteresis input. Fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the system uncertainties as well as the unknown terms of the backlash-like hysteresis. An adaptive fuzzy controller, which can guarantee the synchronization errors tend to an arbitrary small region, is given. The stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously analyzed based on fractional Lyapunov stability criterion. Fractional adaptation laws are established to update the fuzzy parameters. Finally, some simulation examples are provided to indicate the effectiveness and the robust of the proposed control method.
Memory Optimized Pheromone Structures for Max-Min Ant System

Ant Colony Optimization is a meta-heuristic for solving hard combinatorial optimization problems. It is a constructive population based approach inspired by the social behavior of ants. In our research, we are focused on the parallel/distributed computing on massively parallel systems. More precisely, we want to adjust Max-Min Ant System (one of Ant Colony Optimization algorithms) for these systems. Traditionally, a matrix is used to store the pheromone information. If we want to solve large instances, this is a very memory consuming solution. In this paper, we propose a different approach. We do not use the matrix to store the pheromone information. Instead, ant trails that are normally incorporated into this matrix are stored during the computation and just some parts and only in time when they are really needed are assembled. Proposed solution was implemented in C++. The implemented solution was tested on large symmetric instances of Traveling Salesman Problem. In these experiments, we were able to compute results with a comparable quality and even faster than with the traditional approach while using only a portion of the original memory.
Recent progress in deployment and standardization of geostationary mobile satellite systems

We describe recent progress in the development and standardization of two geostationary mobile satellite systems (GMSS). These standards, denoted GMR-1 and GMR-2, for GEO mobile radio 1 and 2, were developed jointly in both US (TIA) and European (ETSI) standards bodies, and the complete set of standards have recently been published. In parallel, two regional geostationary mobile satellite systems using these standards have been launched and have commenced service. The Thuraya system, using GMR-1, serves a region centered in the Middle East, and the Asia Cellular System (ACeS), using GMR-2, serves a region in southeast Asia. This paper describes the key features of both systems, and the status of current and future GMSS standards.