Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of the physical environment and sociodemographic characteristics on children's mode of travel to and from school.

OBJECTIVES We examined whether certain characteristics of the social and physical environment influence a child's mode of travel between home and school. METHODS Students aged 11 to 13 years from 21 schools throughout London, Ontario, answered questions from a travel behavior survey. A geographic information system linked survey responses for 614 students who lived within 1 mile of school to data on social and physical characteristics of environments around the home and school. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the influence of environmental factors on mode of travel (motorized vs "active") to and from school. RESULTS Over 62% of students walked or biked to school, and 72% from school to home. The likelihood of walking or biking to school was positively associated with shorter trips, male gender, higher land use mix, and presence of street trees. Active travel from school to home was also associated with lower residential densities and lower neighborhood incomes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that active travel is associated with environmental characteristics and suggest that school planners should consider these factors when siting schools in order to promote increased physical activity among students.
SSL-QA: Analysis of Semi-Supervised Learning for QuestionAnswering

Open domain natural language question answering (QA) is a process of automatically finding answers to questions searching collections of text files. Question answering (QA) is a long-standing challenge in NLP, and the community has introduced several paradigms and datasets for the task over the past few years. These patterns differ from each other in the type of questions and answers and the size of the training data, from a few hundreds to millions of examples. Context-aware QA paradigm and two most notable types of supervisions are coarse sentence-level and fine-grained span-level. In this paper we analyse different intensive researches in semi-supervised learning for question-answering.
Control of Cerebral Circulation in Health and Disease

• Knowledge of the physiology and pathophysiology of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is essential to the proper treatment of patients with major intracranial disease. Yet much of the existing information is fragmented and incoherent (1-4); certainly many problems remain unsolved. This review has attempted to organize the existing knowledge about CBF into a reasonably consistent framework of facts and concepts. The available, accurate, relatively simple methods of measuring CBF are discussed first and then the nature and control of CBF in health and disease are considered. Hopefully, this integrated presentation will facilitate the evaluation of new information.
[Clinical study of total glucosides of paeony in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic efficacy and adverse reaction of total glucosides of paeony (TGP, extracted from Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Clinical data of patients with SLE were analyzed. Those who orally took TGP continuously for five years or more were taken as TGP1 group (29 cases). Those who orally took TGP continuously or intermittently for more than one year but less than five years were taken as TGP2 group (47 cases). Twenty patients matched with the TGP1 group and the TGP2 group in age, affected duration, urine protein, and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) were selected as the control group. The average daily dose of prednisone, total cyclophosphamide (CTX) dose, urine protein, SLEDAI score, recurrent case, and episodes of infection were compared among the three groups after five-year treatment. RESULTS The average daily dose of prednisone, total CTX dose, and SLEDAI score were obviously lower in the TGP1 group than in the control group (P<0.01). The average daily dose of prednisone, total CTX dose, and SLEDAI score were obviously lower in the TGP1 group than in the TGP2 group, Significant difference was shown (P <0. 05). The average daily dose of prednisone and total CTX dose were lower in the TGP2 group than in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in the urine protein among the three groups. As for the recurrence, one case occurred in the TGP1 group, nine in the TGP2 group, and seven in the control group. As for episodes of infection, there were three cases in the TGP1 group, seventeen in the TGP2 group, and eighteen in the control group during the five years. No adverse reaction correlated to TGP was found in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS TGP had definite therapeutic efficacy in treatment of patients with SLE. It could reduce the average daily dose of prednisone and the total CTX dose, lower the recurrent cases and episodes of infection, especially for the medication of more than five years.
On Controllability of Delayed Boolean Control Networks

This paper is devoted to studying the trajectory and state controllability of Boolean control networks (BCNs) with time delay. In contrast to BCNs without time delay, the dynamics of delayed BCNs are determined by a sequence of initial states, named here trajectories. Trajectory controllability means that there exists a control signal steering a system from an initial trajectory to a desired trajectory, while state controllability means that there exists a control signal steering an initial state to a given state. Here, both trajectory controllability and state controllability will be studied. It should be noted that in this paper, trajectory controllability does not mean tracking or following a given trajectory. In fact it means to control BCNs to a destination trajectory of length $\mu$ at the $k$-th step. Using the semi-tensor product of matrices, the delayed BCNs are first converted into an equivalent algebraic description, and then some necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the trajecto.
Prevalence of hypertension in a low income settlement of Karachi, Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of hypertension in a low-income community in Karachi. METHODS Cross sectional survey, through multi-stage sampling of 857 adult subjects in 405 households was conducted between April and September 2002. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hypertension was 26% (95% C.I. 23, 29), the prevalence among males (34%) was higher than females (24%). The mean age of participants was 35 +/- 14 years, the prevalence of hypertension increased with age. Proportionately there were more cases of hypertension among male participants over 35 years of age as compared to female participants of the same age (p < or = 0.001). Fifty-eight percent of hypertensives were unaware of their hypertension. None of the hypertensive subjects who were aware of their condition had blood pressure under 140/90 mmHg. Stratified analysis revealed significant risk factors for hypertension. Hypertension was 1.7 (OR 95% C.I. 1.14, 2.42) times more common among males then females. Males were 1.7 (OR 95% C.I. 1.06, 2.6) times less likely to have been aware of their hypertension status. Age analysis revealed that the prevalence of hypertension increased with age and hypertensive subjects were 5.6 (OR 95% C.I. 3.9, 8.1) times more likely to be over 35 years of age. CONCLUSION There is a need to control hypertension and prevent its complications through effective community interventions. The survey results indicate high prevalence and poor control of hypertension in the community, but more research is required to understand the reasons behind this phenomena.
Properties of Pro‐Inflammatory Cell Type‐Specific Leukocyte Chemotactic Cytokines, Interleukin 8 (IL‐8) and Monocyte Chemotactic and Activating Factor (MCAF)

Inflammation is a host defensive reaction to tissue injuries caused by various conditions such as trauma, infections, invasion of foreign particles, ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, malignant tumors, and autoimmune diseases. The early reactions of inflammations consist of plasma leakage and leukocyte infiltration into the lesion. The types of infiltrating leukocytes depend upon the kind, degree, and timing of tissue injuries. Although several factors such as C5a, leukotriene B4 and bacteriaderived formyl peptides have been long known as leukocyte chemotactic factors, these factors chemoattract any kind of leukocytes, thus suggesting the existence of cell type-specific leukocyte chemotactic factors (28). Over the past several years, numerous members of a new family of heparinbinding polypeptide cytokines with a molecular weight of 8-10 kDa have been identified (Ref. 25) (Table 1) . These factors have 4 cysteine residues at the wellconserved positions and are presumed to possess a similar structure (25). These cytokines are produced massively and rapidly by various kinds of cells in response to inflammatory stimuli including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) , viruses, interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and so on [Tables 2 and 3 show the cell sources and inducers of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) described below]. Furthermore, it has become evident that several of these cytokines have chemotactic activity for specific type(s) of leukocytes, suggesting that these factors are bona fide chemoattractants involved in the leukocyte recruitment seen in the inflammatory processes. These factors are subdivided into two subgroups depending on whether the first two cysteines are separated by a single amino acid or in an adjacent position (Table 1). The former are called intercrine
Unifying Susceptibility, Exposure, and Time: Discussion of Unifying Analytic Approaches and Future Directions

This article reviews design and analysis concepts associated with the following major issues in air pollution epidemiology: (1) time-related determinants of health effects, including duration of exposure and disentangling acute effects and total life-shortening associated with long-term exposure; and (2) the role of geographies of susceptibility and exposure including the relevance and impact of ecologic covariates in the assessment of long-term effects of ambient air pollution. The article identifies the potential contribution associated with improved information in these areas to air pollution policy development and argues that these issues should frame future approaches to assessing the total effects of ambient air pollution.
Magnetron Sputtered BG Thin Films: An Alternative Biofunctionalization Approach – Peculiarities of Bioglass Sputtering and Bioactivity Behaviour

Nowadays orthopaedic and dental metallic prostheses are widely used in the medical field, the most common being 316L stainless steel, Co-Cr alloys, titanium (Ti) or Ti superalloys. These metallic materials were preferred due to their good mechanical performance, adequate stiffness, non-magnetic properties and to their intrinsic property of promoting on their surface in contact with air or biological media a very thin and biologically inert oxide film (Cr2O3 in case of stainless steel and Co-Cr alloy or TiO2 for (Ti) and Ti alloys), which could act as a metallic ions diffusion barrier layer. However, due to corrosion in the aggressive biological media, this thin protective layer could easily be shattered locally and metallic ions could enter the biological environment causing adverse reactions. Allergies, bone necrosis and the accumulation of metal particles in organs were detected in some cases (C. Brown et al., 2006; C. Brown et al., 2007).
On the transient phase of balanced SSFP sequences

The signal intensity of balanced steady‐state free precession (SSFP) imaging is a function of the proton density, T1, T2, flip angle (α), and repetition time (TR). The steady‐state signal intensity that is established after about 5*T1/TR can be described analytically. The transient phase or the approach of the echo amplitudes to the steady state is an exponential decay from the initial amplitude after the first excitation pulse to the steady‐state signal. An analytical expression of the decay rate of this transient phase is presented that is based on a simple analysis derived from the Bloch equations. The decay rate is a weighted average of the T1 and T2 relaxation times, where the weighting is determined by the flip angle of the excitation pulses. Thus, balanced SSFP imaging during the transient phase can provide various contrasts depending on the flip angle and the number of excitation pulses applied before the acquisition of the central k‐space line. In addition, transient imaging of hyperpolarized nuclei, such as 3He, 129Xe, or 13C, can be optimized according to their T1 and T2 relaxation times. Magn Reson Med 49:781–783, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SemiautomatedMethodforMeasurementof DopainPlasma

A semiautomated fI uorometric method for analysis of dopa [3-(3,4.dihyd roxyphenyl)-L-alanineJ is described, with ferricyanide used as an oxidant. To separate dopa from interfering catecholamines it is adsorbed on alumina, eluted with O.lN HCI, then adsorbed on and eluted from a cation-exchange column. The method is suitable for use with a large volume of samples. It provides a simple, sensitive, accurate, and reproducible analytical technique for routine use.
Therapy of peri-implantitis with resective surgery. A 3-year clinical trial on rough screw-shaped oral implants. Part II: radiographic outcome.

OBJECTIVES This clinical study on therapy of peri-implantitis aimed to compare the marginal bone loss of implants treated with different surgical approaches: implantoplasty and peri-implant resective surgery only. MATERIAL AND METHODS Over a period of 6 years, 10 patients (20 implants) were treated with implantoplasty (test group) and 9 had resective surgery (control group). A computerized analysis of radiographs was performed to calculate marginal bone loss (MBL) values mesial and distal to the implants. The measurement system was set by means of known implant sizes. Data on MBL were collected at the time of peri-implantitis diagnosis, 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery. RESULTS There was no difference between the mean MBL values three years after implantoplasty in the test group: 0 and 0.01 mm of MBL mesial and distal to the implant were found (P>0.05). Conversely, the mean MBL values recorded in the control group were statistically different: 1.44 and 1.54 mm of MBL mesial and distal to the implant were found (P<0.05) 3 years after resective surgery. Moreover, the variation of peri-implant marginal bone after peri-implantitis surgical treatment was significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this radiographic research suggested that implantoplasty was an effective treatment of peri-implant infections and peri-implantitis progression.
Hold-up and Sequential Specific Investments

We explore the hold-up problem when trading parties can make specific investments simultaneously or sequentially. As previously emphasized in the literature, sequencing of investments can allow some projects to proceed that would not be feasible with a simultaneous regime. This is not always the case, however. A cost of sequencing investment is that it can disadvantage some parties, reducing their incentive to invest. The mere possibility of sequential investment can be detrimental to welfare; it can even prevent trade from occurring. This is a new result: it allows the choice about the timing of investment to be interpreted as a new form of hold-up. We also examine an investment game in which both parties would prefer to invest second (follow) rather than lead. This game displays some interesting dynamics. As the the number of potential investment periods is increased, the subgame perfect equilibrium can switch between a prisoners’ dilemma and a coordination game.
Women, Marriage and Asset Inheritance in Uganda

Using a unique dataset which collected individual‐level asset ownership data and women's life histories regarding assets, this article examines the relationships between inheritance, marriage and asset ownership in Uganda. Land is the most important asset in rural Uganda. The majority of couples (both married and those in consensual unions) report owning land jointly. Men who report owning a parcel of land are much more likely than women to say they inherited the land. Inheritance is not an important means of acquisition of other assets, including livestock, business assets, financial assets and consumer durables. These items are acquired through purchase, by both men and women.
Very Preterm Infants Application of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative to Neonatal Care : Suggestions by Swedish Mothers of

The aim of this study was to obtain suggestions from mothers of very preterm infants regarding modification of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Thirteen mothers were interviewed 2 to 6 months after their infants’ discharge from the hospital. The interviews generated 13 steps, which partly agree with the BFHI steps. The new steps address respect for mothers’ individual decisions about breastfeeding, education of staff in specific knowledge and skills, antenatal information about lactation in the event of preterm birth, skin-to-skin (kangaroo mother) care, breast milk expression, early introduction of breastfeeding, facilitation of mothers’ 24-hour presence in the hospital, preference for mother’s own milk, semi-demand feeding before transition to demand breastfeeding, special benefits of pacifier sucking, alternative strategies for reduction of supplementation, use of bottle-feeding when indicated, a family-centered and supportive physical environment, support of the father’s presence, and early transfer of infants’ care to parents. J Hum Lact. 24(3):252-262.
Cerebrospinal fluid fistula: The identification and management in pediatric temporal bone fractures

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula represents a potentially lethal complication and requires a high index of suspicion to make the diagnosis. A 12‐year retrospective study of pediatric basilar skull fractures identified 147 patients with temporal bone fractures, of which 37 patients exhibited evidence of CSF fistula. The diagnosis is made from a combination of clinical, radiographic, and chemical evaluation. The evolution of diagnostic techniques are reviewed, and the more recent and sensitive tests, such as beta‐2 transferrin, are emphasized. Treatment of CSF fistula is nonsurgical in most cases. Surgical exploration and mastoid obliteration were required in two patients, and the indications for surgical treatment are explored. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis is controversial and not routinely indicated.
A Novel Population of Cholinergic Neurons in the Macaque Spinal Dorsal Horn of Potential Clinical Relevance for Pain Therapy

Endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) is a well-known modulator of nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord of rodents. It arises mainly from a sparse population of cholinergic interneurons located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. This population was thought to be absent from the spinal cord of monkey, what might suggest that spinal ACh would not be a relevant clinical target for pain therapy. In humans, however, pain responses can be modulated by spinal ACh, as evidenced by the increasingly used analgesic procedure (for postoperative and labor patients) consisting of the epidural injection of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine. The source and target of this ACh remain yet to be elucidated. In this study, we used an immunolabeling for choline acetyltransferase to demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of a plexus of cholinergic fibers in laminae II-III of the dorsal horn of the macaque monkey. Moreover, we show the presence of numerous cholinergic cell bodies within the same laminae and compared their density and morphological properties with those previously described in rodents. An electron microscopy analysis demonstrates that cholinergic boutons are presynaptic to dorsal horn neurons as well as to the terminals of sensory primary afferents, suggesting that they are likely to modulate incoming somatosensory information. Our data suggest that this newly identified dorsal horn cholinergic system in monkeys is the source of the ACh involved in the analgesic effects of epidural neostigmine and could be more specifically targeted for novel therapeutic strategies for pain management in humans.
Transient conductive path induced by a Single ion in 10 nm SiO/sub 2/ Layers

Large charge loss can happen in isolated conductive lines when hit by a single high linear energy transfer (LET) ion. We have demonstrated this phenomenon by using floating gate (FG) memory arrays, which allowed us to study it on the basis of a large statistical set of data. Charge loss is by far larger than that expected from a simple generation-recombination model. FG's hit by ions experience a charge loss linearly dependent on ion LET and on the electric field. We are proposing a semi-empirical model based on the idea that a conductive path assimilable to a resistance connects the FG to the substrate during the time (10/sup -14/ s) needed for electrons to escape the tunnel oxide. The model is fully consistent with a broad range of theoretical and experimental results, and has excellent fitting capabilities.
Psychosocial interventions for patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Narrative review strategies and meta-analyses have shown that drug treatment and exercise rehabilitation regimens can reduce psychological distress and postmyocardial infarction mortality and recurrence. OBJECTIVE To question whether the addition of psychosocial interventions improves the outcome of a standard rehabilitation regimen for patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS We performed a statistical meta-analysis of 23 randomized controlled trials that evaluated the additional impact of psychosocial treatment of rehabilitation from documented coronary artery disease. Anxiety, depression, biological risk factors, mortality, and recurrence of cardiac events were the clinical end points that were studied. Mortality data were available from 12 studies, and recurrence data were available from 10 of the 23 studies. RESULTS The studies had evaluated 2024 patients who received psychosocial treatment vs 1156 control subjects. The psychosocially treated patients showed greater reductions in psychological distress, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and cholesterol level (with effect size differences of -0.34 [corrected], -0.24, -0.38, and -1.54, respectively). Patients who did not receive psychosocial treatment showed greater mortality and cardiac recurrence rates during the first 2 years of follow-up with log-adjusted odds ratios of 1.70 for mortality (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 2.64) and 1.84 for recurrence (CI, 1.12 to 2.99). CONCLUSIONS The addition of psychosocial treatments to standard cardiac rehabilitation regimens reduces mortality and morbidity, psychological distress, and some biological risk factors. The benefits were clearly evident during the first 2 years and were weaker thereafter. At the clinical level, it is recommended to include routinely psychosocial treatment components in cardiac rehabilitation. The findings also suggest an urgent need to identify the specific, most effective types of psychosocial interventions via controlled research.
CELLS ISOLATED FROM TRYPSIN‐TREATED BRAIN CONTAIN TRYPSIN

—Neuronal and oligodendroglial cell fractions isolated from trypsinized brain contain trypsin. Neuronal cell bodies contained approximately 5 μg of trypsin/mg of cell protein; oligodendroglial cells had approx 1 μg of enzyme activity. Studies with fluorescein‐conjugated trypsin suggested that least a portion of the fluorescent enzyme was internalized in neurons.