Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of Scaffold-Free Cartilage-Like Cell-Sheets Made from Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair

Objective The object of this study was to determine culture conditions that create stable scaffold-free cartilage-like cell-sheets from human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and to assess their effects after transplantation into osteochondral defects in nude rats. Design (Experiment 1) The hBMSCs were harvested from 3 males, the proliferative and chondrogenic capacities were assessed at passage 1, and the cells were expanded in 3 different culture conditions: (1) 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), (2) 10% FBS, and (3) 5% FBS with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). The cells were harvested and made chondrogenic pellet culture. The cell proliferation rate, glycosaminoglycan/DNA ratio, and safranin-O staining intensity of pellets cultured condition 3 were higher than those of conditions 1 and 2. (Experiment 2) The hBMSCs were expanded and passaged 3 times under culture condition 3, and fabricate the cell-sheets in chondrogenic medium either with or without FBS. The cell-sheets fabricated with FBS maintained their size with flat edges. (Experiment 3) The cell-sheets were transplanted into osteochondral defects in nude rats. Histological analysis was performed at 2, 4, and 12 weeks after surgery. Results The osteochondral repair was better after sheet transplantation than in the control group and significantly improved Wakitani score. Immunostaining with human-specific vimentin antibody showed that the transplanted cells became fewer and disappeared at 12 weeks. Conclusions These results indicate that culture with FGF-2 may help to quickly generate sufficient numbers of cells to create stable and reliable scaffold-free cartilage-like cell-sheets, which contribute to the regeneration of osteochondral defects.
The Impact of Motivational Factors of Participation in R&D Consortia on Firm Performance

The formation of R&D consortia can provide enterprises with many competitive advantages and allow them to achieve economies of scale. Therefore, R&D consortia are an important way of enhancing technical capacity, reducing cost and risk, and maintaining the competitive advantages of enterprises. This study selected 489 consortia with 1,668 participating enterprises from 14,922 government-subsidized enterprises participating in the six projects of participation in R&D consortia during the period 2000-2011. The research focus was to explore the motivation and effectiveness of enterprise participation in consortia using 14 variables for internal and external factors. The study found that these internal and external factors were significantly and positively correlated with the formation of the R&D consortia. Moreover, after participating in R&D consortia, the capital, turnover, number of employees, R&D talent, and new products and services of these enterprises all increased.
Plano de negócios para a comercialização e internacionalização de um produto nacional de tecnologias de informação portuário

The new technologies introduced in the portuary system have caused deep changes in world trade panorama. To perform functions with efficiency, port authorities are implementing management information systems in order to both streamline the documentation process, as the charging process. The purpose of this paper is to propose a business plan for commercialization and internationalization of a port electronic information software, developed in Portugal, as well as analyze the financial viability of it. Besides presenting the theoretical and practical need for this work.
Credit, Labor Informality and Firm Performance in Colombia

This paper explores the links between labor formality, access to credit and firm performance in Colombia using Annual Manufacturing Survey data for the period 2000-2009. A significant though small relationship is found between access to credit and informality. The results suggest that a 10 percent increase in the ratio of credit to sectoral output increases labor formality between 0. 76 and 1. 14 percentage points. This effect vanishes as a firm's financial constraint increases. The paper also reports a strong correlation between labor formality and firm performance measured as output and employment growth. A one percentage point increase in labor formality is associated with an 8. 5 percent increase in output and an 11 percent increase in employment growth.
Optimal two‐phase sampling design for comparing accuracies of two binary classification rules

In this paper, we consider the design for comparing the performance of two binary classification rules, for example, two record linkage algorithms or two screening tests. Statistical methods are well developed for comparing these accuracy measures when the gold standard is available for every unit in the sample, or in a two‐phase study when the gold standard is ascertained only in the second phase in a subsample using a fixed sampling scheme. However, these methods do not attempt to optimize the sampling scheme to minimize the variance of the estimators of interest. In comparing the performance of two classification rules, the parameters of primary interest are the difference in sensitivities, specificities, and positive predictive values. We derived the analytic variance formulas for these parameter estimates and used them to obtain the optimal sampling design. The efficiency of the optimal sampling design is evaluated through an empirical investigation that compares the optimal sampling with simple random sampling and with proportional allocation. Results of the empirical study show that the optimal sampling design is similar for estimating the difference in sensitivities and in specificities, and both achieve a substantial amount of variance reduction with an over‐sample of subjects with discordant results and under‐sample of subjects with concordant results. A heuristic rule is recommended when there is no prior knowledge of individual sensitivities and specificities, or the prevalence of the true positive findings in the study population. The optimal sampling is applied to a real‐world example in record linkage to evaluate the difference in classification accuracy of two matching algorithms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
dart2java: Running Dart in Java-based Environments

We present the design and implementation of dart2java, an experimental Dart to Java compiler. It is implemented in Dart and currently supports many but not all Dart language constructs. dart2java is a playground to evaluate performance implications of running Dart code on the JVM and to investigate if it is possible to write Dart code in a largely Java-dominated environment. This paper describes the architecture of dart2java, performance optimizations such as non-nullability of primitive types and generic specialization (and their implications), as well as ideas for language interoperability, i.e., calling Java code from Dart and vice versa.
Uremia and the BUN.

Many physicians regard blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as a measure of renal function, primarily of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, the BUN level depends not only on the efficiency of renal urea excretion but also on the rate of urea production, which in turn depends on catabolic rates of both dietary and endogenous proteins. Thus, a high dietary protein intake may elevate BUN even in the presence of a normal GFR. Furthermore, urea clearance falls markedly, even though GFR remains normal, at low rates of urinary flow, such as rates during water restriction. It is generally agreed that a .
Training production of lexical stress in typically developing children using orthographically biased stimuli and principles of motor learning.

PURPOSE Impaired lexical stress production characterizes multiple pediatric speech disorders. Effective remediation strategies are not available, and little is known about the normal process of learning to assign and produce lexical stress. This study examined whether typically developing (TD) children can be trained to produce lexical stress on bisyllabic pseudowords that are orthographically biased to a strong-weak or weak-strong pattern (e.g., MAMbey or beDOON), in combination with the principles of motor learning (PML). METHOD Fourteen TD children ages 5;0 (years;months) to 13;0 were randomly assigned to a training or control group using concealed allocation within blocks. A pre- to posttraining group design was used to examine the acquisition, retention, and generalization of lexical stress production. RESULTS The training group learned to produce appropriate lexical stress for the pseudowords with strong maintenance and generalization to related untrained stimuli. Accuracy of stress production did not change in the control group. CONCLUSION TD children can learn to produce lexical stress patterns for orthographically biased pseudowords via explicit training methods. Findings have relevance for the study of languages other than English and for a range of prosodic disorders.
A Seven-Zone Rating System for Assessing Bone Mineral Density after Hip Resurfacing Using Implants with Metaphyseal Femoral Stems

The seven Gruen zones are widely accepted for the assessment of periprosthestic bone mineral density (BMD) following traditional total hip arthroplasty, but no comparable rating system exists for hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA). We describe a seven-zone rating system around the femoral component of a typical HRA implant with a short metaphyseal stem and its intra- and inter-observer reliability. A cohort of 23 selected male patients underwent bone mineral density (BMD) measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) two years after HRA. After development of the new seven-zone rating system, reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The coefficient of variation was also determined. The new rating-system proved high reliability with ICCs for the intra-and inter-observer reliability ranging from 0.92 to 1.0. The coefficient of variation ranged from 1.4% to 3.3%. Mean BMD values were highest in the medial zones 5 to 7 and lowest in the lateral zones 1 to 3 and below the stem tip, corresponding to zone 4. We observed that BMD after HRA can be measured reliably in seven zones around the femoral component. The use of this easily applicable method in future investigations might enhance the comparability of study results. However, the rating system described may have limitations in HRA implants with very short metaphyseal femoral stems.
Controller Design for a Manipulator Using Theory of Variable Structure Systems

A new control algorithm is developed for manipulators using the theory of variable structure systems. The control is designed so that a new type of state space trajectories called sliding mode exists. Due to delays, neglected small time constants, and other idealizations, ideal sliding modes as predicted by the theory do not exist. We have verified through hybrid simulation that trajectories which are close to ideal sliding modes exist when the controller is designed according to theory. To illustrate the design procedures, a two-joint manipulator is considered.
Regulated neurotrophin receptor responsiveness during neuronal migrationand early differentiation

The response of brain tissue to neurotrophins during rat development was examined using a novel in vitro assay for Trk/neurotrophin receptor activity. In this assay, brain tissues were exposed to neutrophins and ligand-induced Trk tyrosine phosphorylation was measured. During the perinatal period, Trk tyrosine phsphorylation in all brain area was induced very similarly by the TrkB and TrkC ligands brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5). In the adult brain, minimal signals were observed after treatment with these three factors, despite the continued presence of full length and truncated TrikB protein. In contrast, responsiveness to the TrkA ligand NGF was absent in the ebmryo and increased during the first 2 weeks after birth in various brain areas, particularly in striatum, basal forebrain, and hippocampus. Our results, showing maximal responsiveness of brain tissue to BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4/5 during early neuronal differentiation and migration, suggest involvement of TrkB in these events. The lack of a significant response to these neurotrophins in the adult brain indicates effective posttranslational mechanisms that control the response of Trk family receptors. Our findings further demonstrate that neurons of the striatum and basal forebrain remain NGF responsive in the adult, confirming at the molecular level results obtained earlier at the cellular level for the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons.
Intangible Assets and Creative Impairment - An Analysis of Current Disclosure Practices by Top Australian Firms

This paper examines the disclosure of intangible assets by 'high user' industrial firms in the Australian market subsequent to the introduction in 2005 of AASB 136 and AASB 138. Using a sample of ten large industrial firms with combined intangible assets of $37,758 million as at 2006, the paper analyses the disclosure of goodwill and 18 other distinct intangible assets classes of these firms, and examines their implied effective life by probing the impairment expense detailed in the profit and loss statement. The paper identifies that there is a high degree of uniformity in disclosure practices by the sample firms, and raises the question that a key motivating factor in determining impairment of intangible assets under a new regulatory regime might be the temptation for creative accounting.
Anti-apoptotic effect of quercetin: intervention in the JNK- and ERK-mediated apoptotic pathways.

BACKGROUND Bioflavonoid quercetin inhibits hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis via intervention in the activator protein 1 (AP-1)-mediated apoptotic pathway. In this report, we investigated molecular events involved in the anti-apoptotic effect of quercetin, focusing especially on its effects on the family of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. METHODS Cultured mesangial cells were exposed to H2O2, and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and p38 MAP kinase was evaluated in the presence or absence of quercetin. Using pharmacological and genetic inhibitors, the roles for individual MAP kinases in H2O2-induced apoptosis were examined. Involvement of ERKs in the induction and activation of AP-1 was also investigated using Northern blot analysis and a reporter assay. RESULTS Mesangial cells exposed to H2O2 exhibited rapid phosphorylation of JNK, ERKs, and p38 MAP kinase. Quercetin abrogated the activation of all three MAP kinases in response to H2O2. Pretreatment with MAP kinase kinase inhibitor PD098059 or JNK-c-Jun/AP-1 inhibitor curcumin attenuated the H2O2-induced apoptosis. In contrast, the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 did not improve the cell survival. Consistently, transfection with dominant-negative mutants of ERK1 and ERK2 or a dominant-negative mutant of JNK inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis. Transfection with a dominant-negative p38 MAP kinase did not attenuate the apoptotic process. Inhibition of ERKs by PD098059 suppressed induction of c-fos without affecting early induction of c-jun, leading to attenuated activation of AP-1 in response to H2O2. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that (1) activation of JNK and ERKs, but not p38 kinase, is required for the H2O2-induced apoptosis; and (2) suppression of the JNK-c-Jun/AP-1 pathway and the ERK-c-Fos/AP-1 pathway is involved in the anti-apoptotic effect of quercetin.
Effect of danshen extract on the activity of CYP3A4 in healthy volunteers.

AIMS To assess the effect of danshen extract on CYP3A4 activity using midazolam as an in vivo probe. METHODS A sequential, open-label, two-period pharmacokinetic interaction study design was used to compare midazolam pharmacokinetic parameters before and after 14 days of administration of danshen tablets. Twelve healthy volunteers received a single oral dose (15 mg) of midazolam followed by danshen tablets (four tablets orally, three times a day) for 14 days. On the last day of the study they received four danshen tablets with a 15 mg midazolam tablet and plasma concentrations of midazolam and its corresponding metabolite 1-hydroxylmidazolam were measured prior to and after the administration of danshen tablets periodically for 12 h. RESULTS The 90% confidence intervals of C(max,)t(1/2), CL/F and AUC(0,infinity) of midazolam before and after administration of danshen tablets were (0.559, 0.849), (0.908, 1.142), (1.086, 1.688) and (0.592, 0.921), respectively; and those of C(max), t(1/2) and AUC(0,infinity) of 1-hydroxylmidazolam after vs. before administration of danshen tablets were (0.633, 0.923), (0.801, 1.210) and (0.573, 0.980), respectively. Ratios of geometric LS means of C(max(1OHMid)) : C(max(Mid)) and AUC(max(1OHMid)) : AUC(max(Mid)) (after vs. before 14-day danshen) were 1.072 and 1.035, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that multiple dose administration of danshen tablets may induce CYP3A4 in the gut. Accordingly, caution should be taken when danshen products are used in combination with therapeutic drugs metabolized by CYP3A.
Fast Handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6

This document specifies the usage of Fast Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) when Proxy Mobile IPv6 is used as the mobility management protocol. Necessary extensions are specified for FMIPv6 to support the scenario when the mobile node does not have IP mobility functionality and hence is not involved with either MIPv6 or FMIPv6 operations.
A detection method of Hardware Trojan based on two-dimension calibration

Hardware Trojan, as an information attack technology with high concealment, can be implanted in all aspects of integrated circuit design and manufacturing. It's very difficult to be detected and a greater threat to the safety of chips. IC feature sizes continue to shrink, making the effects of process noise on the IC power consumption increase. It brings big challenges to Hardware Trojan detection based on power consumption information. In this paper, based on the analysis of process deviation simulation, conducts research on the Hardware Trojan detection by power consumption information, a two-dimension calibration Hardware Trojan detection method is proposed. It uses the method of partition domain PCA to processing power consumption data, which improves the recognition efficiency of Hardware Trojan.
Trench-filled cellular parylene structure for piezoelectric polymer electret

In this paper, we report a novel cellular polymer electret based on trench-filled parylene, and demonstrate its performance for low-resonant-frequency in-plane electromechanical transducer. Cellular parylene structures with 15 μm-wide beams have been successfully microfabricated, and charges are implanted onto the vertical walls with soft X-ray charging as artificial dipoles. The dipole moments are changed due to the cellular gap extension/shrinkage, producing voltage across the cellular structures. With our early prototype, 0.116 Vp-p output has been obtained at 28 Hz and 1 G acceleration, showing the feasibility of MEMS-based multi-layer cellular polymer electrets for in-plane piezoelectric transducers.
The Game Theory, Morality and the ’Game of Life’

Game theory as long as it is a study of interdependent rational, choice, can be used to explain, to predict and evaluate human, behavior in contexts where the outcome of action depends on, what other agents choose to do. Game theory can be made, relevant to ethics and can be used in moral and political, philosophy, including economics, business and public policy, areas.
Worst Case Response Time Analysis for Messages in Controller Area Network with Gateway

In modern automobiles, Controller Area Network (CAN) has been widely used in different sub systems that are connected by using gateway. While a gateway is necessary to integrate different electronic sub systems, it brings challenges for the analysis of Worst Case Response Time (WCRT) for CAN messages, which is critical from the safety point of view. In this paper, we first analyzed the challenges for WCRT analysis of messages in gateway-interconnected CANs. Then, based on the existing WCRT analysis method proposed for one single CAN, a new WCRT analysis method that uses two new definitions to analyze the interfering delay of sporadically arriving gateway messages is proposed for non-gateway messages. Furthermore, a division approach, where the end-to-end WCRT analysis of gateway messages is transformed into the similar situation with that of non-gateway messages, is adopted for gateway messages. Finally, the proposed method is extended to include CANs with different bandwidths. The proposed method is proved to be safe, and experimental results demonstrated its effectiveness by comparing it with a full space searching based simulator and applying it to a real message set. key words: CAN, gateway, busy sequence, worst case response time, the minimum distance constraint
Virulence and arsenic resistance in Yersiniae

The genus Yersinia contains three pathogenic species: Yersinia pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica. Only a few biotypes and serotypes of Y. enterocolitica are pathogenic, and these form two distinct groups: some are of low virulence, and they are encountered worldwide; others, mainly encountered in North America, are markedly more virulent. All pathogenic yersiniae possess a 70-kb virulence plasmid called pYV which encodes secreted antihost proteins called Yops as well as a type III secretion machinery that is required for Yop secretion. Genes encoding Yop synthesis and secretion are tightly clustered in three quadrants of the pYV plasmid. We show here that in the low-virulence strains of Y. enterocolitica, the fourth quadrant of the plasmid contains a new class II transposon, Tn2502. This transposon encodes a defective transposase, but transposition can be complemented in trans by Tn2501, another class II transposon. Tn2502 was not detected in the pYV plasmids of the more virulent American strains of Y. enterocolitica, of Y. pseudotuberculosis, and of Y. pestis. Tn2502 confers arsenite and arsenate resistance. This resistance involves four genes; three are homologous to the arsRBC genes present on the Escherichia coli chromosome, but no homolog of the fourth one, arsH, has been found. The systematic presence of such a resistance operon on a virulence plasmid is unusual and could be related to the recent spread of low-virulence Y. enterocolitica strains. The presence of this ars operon also constitutes the first significant difference between the pYV plasmids from different Yersinia species.