Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESPIRATORY ALTERATIONS WITH INTRAPERICARDIAL PROCAINE IN THE CONSCIOUS RABBIT

1 Intrapericardial procaine, used to produce cardiac nerve blockade in both conscious and anaesthetized animals, has been reported to also produce changes in respiration. This study systematically investigated the effects of two doses of intrapericardial procaine on respiration in the conscious rabbit. 2 Rabbits were pre‐instrumented with a chronic diaphragm electromyogram (dEMG) recording electrode and intrapericardial catheter. Arterial pressure, heart rate, dEMG and respiratory excursions (recorded with a pneumograph) were monitored in the conscious rabbit before and after intrapericardial and intravenous infusion of 2 and 5% procaine. Efficacy of cardiac nerve blockade was tested by intravenous infusion of phenyl biguanide. Arterial blood gases were determined at rest and during changes in respiration. 3 Following a low dose of intrapericardial procaine (12 mg), dEMG and respiratory excursions increased (65 ± 13 and 65 ± 13%, respectively) with no change in breathing frequency or arterial blood gases. Following a high dose of intrapericardial procaine (30 mg), four of six animals exhibited a similar response. However, four of the six rabbits also exhibited a second type of response pattern characterized by a further increase in respiratory efforts (65 ± 13%), abolition of dEMG, and a mild hypoxaemia. 4 Intravenous infusion of a low dose of procaine was without effect, whereas intravenous infusion of a high dose of procaine produced minor behavioural responses. 5 In four additional anaesthetized rabbits, it was demonstrated that high doses of intrapericardial procaine anaesthetized the phrenic nerve to produce the observed alterations in respiration. 6 We conclude that if intrapericardial procaine is used to block cardiac nerves in conscious rabbits, it should be used in a low concentration and at the lowest possible total dose to avoid complications due to changes in respiration.
Increased Cystine in Leukocytes from Individuals Homozygous and Heterozygous for Cystinosis

In patients with cystinosis, the concentration of free cystine in leukocytes was 80 times greater than normal, and six times the normal content for their parents. This is the first demonstration of an abnormality in heterozygotes for this rare inherited disease of childhood. Three-quarters of the cystine was recovered in the granular fraction of cystinotic leukocytes.
Configuration‐dependent variability of the effect of an electric field on the plasma glucocorticoid level in immobilized mice

We recently reported that an immobilization stress‐induced increase in glucocorticoid (GC) level was suppressed in mice exposed to an electric field (EF) of 50 Hz in a kV/m‐dependent manner. In this study, we investigated the reproducibility of the suppressive effect induced by EF exposure by varying the voltage and distance between the electrodes (0.5 kV/50 mm, 1 kV/100 mm, 2 kV/200 mm) and comparing the effects on the plasma GC level. In addition, the effect of mice being in contact with the lower electrode or not was compared at 1 kV/100 mm. Immobilization‐induced GC levels were significantly decreased in mice exposed to an EF at 1 kV/100 mm for 60 min (P < 0.01), but not in mice exposed to 0.5 kV/50 mm or 2 kV/200 mm. Furthermore, the suppressive effect of the 1 kV/100 mm EF was canceled when a polypropylene sheet (0.1 mm thick) was placed between the animal and lower electrode. Our findings corroborated that an EF of 10 kV/m inhibits stress‐induced changes in the endocrine system in mice and demonstrated that this effect depends on the configuration of the EF exposure system, even when the EF strength remains the same. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:265–271, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solid State Phosphorus‐31 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone Mineral

Chemically selective solid state phosphorus‐31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of the mineral phase of bone and synthetic calcium phosphate models for bone mineral is demonstrated with microscopy‐scale (about 5 mm field of view) apparatus at 6.0 T magnetic field strength. Pixel‐by‐pixel linear combination of image data from multiple radio frequency (RF) pulse sequences, chosen to develop contrast between chemical constituents of interest in the mineral, generates derived images showing the distribution of individual constituents. The technique combines the noninvasive character of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the ability of solid state NMR spectroscopy to characterize subtle chemical variations in bone mineral, as well as to measure the amount of mineral. These methods are, in principle, extensible to larger dimensional scales suitable for live animal subjects or human limbs.
Randomized, controlled trial of amitriptyline versus placebo for adolescents with "treatment-resistant" major depression.

OBJECTIVE To assess the response to a serotonergic/noradrenergic tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline (AMI), in a group of adolescents with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). METHOD Twenty-seven depressed adolescents admitted to a state hospital underwent a 10-week randomized, controlled trial with a flexible dose of AMI or placebo. RESULTS There were no differences between patients taking AMI (n = 13) and placebo (n = 14). Both treatment groups showed approximately 70% to 80% improvement on the clinical outcome measurements, and 65% to 70% showed functional improvement. At the end of the protocol, 30% of patients still fulfilled criteria for MDD and had impaired functioning. Patients taking AMI experienced significantly more dry mouth and tachycardia. The final AMI dose was 173.1 mg/day +/- 56.3 mg/day; blood levels were 226.2 ng/mL +/- 80.8 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS No significant differences were found between AMI and placebo, in part because of the high placebo response rate. Although both treatment groups showed substantial response, at the end of treatment a substantial proportion of patients still had MDD of subsyndromal symptoms of depression. This and other studies of tricyclic antidepressants question the use of this medication as first-line treatment for youths with MDD.
Power management and control strategy for hybrid AC/DC microgrids in autonomous operation mode

The hybrid AC/DC microgrid structure is considered to be the future trend of power systems, due to the vital necessity of connecting more renewable energy sources and storage elements to supply modern AC and DC loads. This paper proposes a power sharing and control strategy for hybrid AC/DC microgrids using the droop control technique. A new structure of the hybrid microgrid is suggested by connecting different AC, and DC sub-grids by an interlinking converter. This can be symbolized by a bi-directional converter that acts as a rectifier when power flows from the AC sub-grid to the DC subgrid. And operates as an inverter when power flows from the DC subgrid to the AC one. The proposed structure and power management strategy also allow power flows between DC sides of the system through the AC subgrid as a common bus. Five scenarios of transferring power from one sub-grid to another are studied using. MATLAB/Simulink. The results indicate a high level of the system's felexibility in managing th power flow.
Recruitment of Arf 1-GDP to Golgi by Glo 3 p-Type ArfGAPs Is Crucial for Golgi Maintenance and Plant Growth 1 [ W ] [ OA ]

ADP-ribosylation factor1 (Arf1), a member of the small GTP-binding proteins, plays a pivotal role in protein trafficking to multiple organelles. In its GDP-bound form, Arf1 is recruited from the cytosol to organelle membranes, where it functions in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking. However, the mechanism of Arf1-GDP recruitment remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence that two Glo3p-type Arf GTPase-activating proteins (ArfGAPs), ArfGAP domain8 (AGD8) and AGD9, are involved in the recruitment of Arf1-GDP to the Golgi apparatus in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). RNA interference plants expressing low levels of AGD8 and AGD9 exhibited abnormal Golgi morphology, inhibition of protein trafficking, and arrest of plant growth and development. In RNA interference plants, Arf1 was poorly recruited to the Golgi apparatus. Conversely, high levels of AGD8 and AGD9 induced Arf1 accumulation at the Golgi and suppressed Golgi disruption and inhibition of vacuolar trafficking that was caused by overexpression of AGD7. Based on these results, we propose that the Glo3p-type ArfGAPs AGD8 and AGD9 recruit Arf1-GDP from the cytosol to the Golgi for Arf1-mediated protein trafficking, which is essential for plant development and growth.
Cardiovascular autonomic function in systemic lupus erythematosus

Aim: To determine whether cardiovascular autonomic function is impaired in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: A case–control study of 23 patients with SLE was performed. Autonomic symptoms were assessed using a standard questionnaire. Cardiovascular autonomic function was measured using 10 non-invasive investigations. There were significant differences between patients and controls in three out of 24 parameters measured during the different tests (P < 0.002). These were reduction in systolic blood pressure at 5 min on head-up tilt, and heart rate responses to isometric exercise and cutaneous cold. Eleven out of 23 patients had an abnormal heart rate, blood pressure or Valsalva response (value below the age corrected 5th centile) while testing compared with six of the controls. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were significantly lower in patients vs controls in both the supine (P < 0.05) and tilt position (P < 0.01). Twenty-one of the 23 patients had one or more symptoms that may be attributable to abnormalities in autonomic function. There was no significant association between the number of symptoms and presence of autonomic dysfunction. Cardiovascular autonomic impairment may be demonstrated in some patients with SLE. Symptoms attributable to autonomic dysfunction are common in SLE and autonomic assessment may be required.
Atherogenic Index of Plasma , Castelli Risk Indexes and Leptin / Adiponectin Ratio in Women with Metabolic Syndrome

The aim of the study was to assess the lipid atherogenic risk in women with metabolic syndrome (MS) based on calculating the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) {(logTriglycerides)/HDL-cholesterol}, Castelli's I and II risk indexes (the ratios total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, respectively) and the leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio). Materials and methods: The study comprised of 31 women with MS (mean age 29.03±6.16 years) and 30 age-matched, clinically healthy women (mean age 26.33±4.49 years, P>0.05) forming a control group. The following clinical measurements and laboratory tests were performed on all participants: weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting immunoreactive insulin (IRI), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). The well-known adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin were determined. Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA index), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), AIP, Castelli' s I and II risk indexes and the L/A ratio were calculated. Results: The women with MS had significantly higher weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, IRI, HOMA index, TG, leptin, SBP and DBP compared to the healthy women, while WHR, FPG, TC, LDL-C and adiponectin were similar in both of the studied groups. AIP (-0.006±0.32 vs. -0.212±0.26, P=0.008), Castelli's risk index I (4.39±1.21 vs. 3.64±1.07, P=0.01) and Castelli's risk index II (2.82±1.01 vs. 2.31±0.92, P=0.04) as well as the L/A ratio (5.53±6.05 vs. 2.40±2.35, P=0.02) were found to be significantly higher in the women with MS compared to the healthy women. Conclusion: The results from this study contribute to understanding that women with MS carry a higher atherogenic risk. The plasma L/A ratio has been proposed as a preferential marker of atherosclerosis susceptibility compared to leptin and adiponectin alone.
Relationship between aortic valve calcification and the severity of coronary atherosclerotic disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Aortic valve calcification (AVC), which has been confirmed to be associated with various risk factors of cardiac disease, is common in the elderly and associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. It has been hypothesized that AVC is associated with coronary atherosclerotic disease, and its severity. METHODS Between July 2007 and November 2007, a total of 235 patients with chest pain or chest distress were admitted to the authors' institution for coronary angiography. The severity of coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) was evaluated by the Gensini score, the number of stenosed vessels, and the prevalence of total occlusion. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography to detect AVC. RESULTS Patients with CAD had a higher prevalence of AVC than those without CAD (44% versus 26%, p = 0.005). Likewise, the prevalence of AVC was significantly higher in patients with a higher Gensini score than in those with a lower score. Patients with AVC had a higher prevalence of CAD, and higher Gensini scores and numbers of stenosed coronary arteries, even after stratification by age (65 years). On multivariable logistic regression analysis for CAD, the odds ratio (OR) of AVC was 2.315 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.158-4.629, p = 0.018); this value was higher than that for total cholesterol (OR = 1.637, p = 0.008), lipoprotein-a (OR = 1.003, p = 0.015) and fibrinogen (OR = 1.009, p = 0.006), and marginally less than that for male gender (OR = 2.665, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Patients with AVC had a higher prevalence and greater severity of CAD.
Analyzing Hillary Clinton ’ s Emails

Due to the controversy regarding use of personal email on nongovernment servers by Hillary Clinton during her time as Secretary of State, her email data was made public. Yet, reading through them is impractical. In this poster, we provide a visual analysis of the content of these emails. Based on the 7945 emails available, we identify the relation between the textual content of the emails with world policies. We unravel how the content of these emails are reflective of US emotion and behaviour with other countries around the world along with their relative importance. We also unravel correlations in the data to predict some features of content in redacted emails based on available data.
Oligomerization is required for the activity of recombinant soluble LOX‐1

LOX‐1 is a scavenger receptor that functions as the primary receptor for oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (OxLDL) in endothelial cells. The binding of OxLDL to LOX‐1 is believed to lead to endothelial activation, dysfunction, and injury, which constitute early atherogenic events. Because of its potential pathological role in atherosclerosis, LOX‐1 has been proposed as a therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease. In order to antagonize the ligand‐binding function of cell surface LOX‐1, we generated a series of recombinant human LOX‐1–crystallizable fragment (Fc) fusion proteins and subsequently characterized their biochemical properties and ligand‐binding activities in vitro. Consistent with the notion that oligomerization of cell surface LOX‐1 is required for high‐avidity binding of ligands, we found that LOX‐1–Fc fusion protein containing four ligand‐binding domains per Fc dimer, but not the one containing two ligand‐binding domains, exhibited ligand‐binding activity. Optimal ligand‐binding activity could be achieved via crosslinking of LOX‐1–Fc fusion proteins with a polyclonal antibody against Fc. The crosslinked LOX‐1–Fc protein also effectively inhibited the binding and internalization of OxLDL by cell surface LOX‐1. These findings demonstrate that functional oligomerization is required for recombinant LOX‐1–Fc to function as an effective antagonist.
The Historical Turn in the Philosophy of Science

The history of science has a long history. Aristotle’s scientific works are prefaced by historical account of those sciences, and this model persisted through medieval times until and including the rise of modern science in the era of the scientific revolution. Joseph Priestley, for example, entitled two of his books of pioneering research The History and Present State of Electricity and The History and Present State of Discoveries Relating to Vision, Light, and Colours. For many such early modern authors the history of science serves as a propaedeutic. William Whewell’s A History of the Inductive Sciences (1857) is regarded as the first genuinely modern work of the history of science. Even so, Whewell’s scholarship has an extra-historical purpose, which was to furnish the materials against which a satisfactory philosophy of science could be constructed. While Whewell rejected a Leibnizian logic of discovery, he did nonetheless believe that general principles of scientific inference could be uncovered by careful consideration of the history of scientific research. Whewell’s approach was followed by several early positivists, notably, Mach, Ostwald, and Duhem. Nonetheless, as positivism developed philosophically it also became more ahistorical. Carnap’s programme of a priori inductive logic was premised on a distinction between a context of discovery and a context of justification. The former concerned the process of coming up with an hypothesis, whereas the latter concerns its justification relative to the evidence. The former would be the province of psychology, although it may depend so much on details of individual biography that few general principles may be derived even a posteriori. Justification, however, is a matter of an a priori extension of the deductive logic of which Whewell had such a low opinion. Being a priori there was little room for the validation of inductive logic by historical examples. Rather, the conformity of historical episodes to a fully developed inductive logic would be a criterion of those episodes being genuine advances in knowledge rather than historical accidents—just as genuine mathematical knowledge must conform to the new logic of Frege, Peano, Russell, and Whitehead. Consequently, the middle period of the twentieth century (from the late 1920s to the early 1960s) was one in which the philosophy of science proceeded with little influence from or notice of the history of science. Thus history and philosophy of science took separate paths during the years before and after the Second World War. History of science nonetheless continued to be influenced, initially at least, by broadly positivist inclinations. A crucial impetus was
Barbie Brains 1 Barbie Brains: The Effect of Barbie Dolls on Girls' Perception of Male and Female Jobs by

approved: ________________________________________________ Aurora Sherman In this experiment, 16 three to eight-year-old gir ls f om the Corvallis area came to our lab with one of their parents. After having the child play with either a Barbie Doll or a control toy for five minutes, the experimenter or ally administered a questionnaire designed to assess activation of gender stereotypes about jobs and self-perceived ability related to future career ability. The main hypothes is was that after playing with Barbie, girls would be more stereotypical during a picture task. The secondary hypothesis predicted that girls who played with Barbie would s ay that they could do fewer careers in a question task. Results were insignificant for the main hypothesis and the secondary hypothesis.
Mexican Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

Background: This document includes recommendations and guidelines issued by a group of Mexican researchers and specialists gathered in the First National Colloquium for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) by initiative of Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia and with the support of the Leukaemia Department of the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Mexico lacks of updated information taken from its own reality on the diagnosis and treatment of CML and other haematological disorders; besides, there are no national guidelines. Aim: To publish a consensus document with guidelines for the management of CML adjusted to the national environment and overall characteristics. Method: The participants answered a DELPHI questionnaire about the overall aspects of the disease, aiming to target controversial topics, discuss them in the colloquium, and to agree on the best ones. After those meetings, a final document was drawn up. Results: The group presents recommendations for definition, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and treatment of CML in Mexico. Conclusions: Having consensus guidelines for the clinical management of CML in our country will enable the consensual practice of Mexican specialists regarding the clinical approach to CML, as well as optimize the resources which allow the rational planning of the medical care strategies.
Glucose Raises Cytosolic Free Calcium in the Rat Pancreatic Islets

Cytosolic free calcium [( Ca2+]i) was measured using fura 2 in the whole pancreatic islets obtained from male Wistar rats by collagenase dispersion. The pattern of change of [Ca2+]i in response to high glucose, potassium (K+) depolarization or the removal of extracellular calcium was compared with the temporal profile of insulin secretion. Twenty-nine mM glucose produced a gradual increase in [Ca2+]i with approximately 1.5 min of latency period. It remained elevated until the end of observation period (25 min) during which period the first phase of insulin secretion ceased and the second phase of secretion gradually increased. Depolarizing concentration of KCl also produced an elevation of [Ca2+]i, without detectable latency period, which lasted at a sustained level for the entire observation period (30 min). KCl caused a rapid increase of insulin secretion followed by a gradually decreasing level of secretion. Elevated [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion in response to high glucose returned to the basal level when external calcium was removed by the addition of EGTA. We conclude that high glucose and K+ depolarization raise [Ca2+]i in the pancreatic islet. However, the elevation of [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion are not always correlated in the later period of stimulation.
Resource allocation, social values and the QALY: a review of the debate and empirical evidence

Most health economists agree that public preferences should play a major role in setting criteria for distributing scarce resources. The quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) is used as a preference‐based measure for the outcome of health‐care activities in health economic evaluative studies. Traditionally, health economists proposed maximizing the additional health gain in terms of QALYs so as to maximize social welfare. Evidence has grown however, that neither potential health gain as a single relevant determinant of value, nor the rule of maximizing this health gain are sufficient. Concerns about fairness and equity are also important to the public in distributional decisions. This paper reviews the debate on the role and limitations of the QALY in health‐care priority setting and the empirical evidence surrounding it. A framework is used to systematically explore the available data on factors considered to be important to the public in health‐care resource allocation, and to investigate how these fit with the implicit value judgements inherent in the original QALY formulation. Potential sources of social value are classified into (1) factors that relate to the characteristics of patients and (2) factors related to the characteristics of the intervention's effect on patients' health. As well as these main categories, the article considers preferences for distributional rules. Recent approaches that aim to capture public preferences more comprehensively and to better reflect the value attributed to different health‐care programmes in economic evaluation methods are outlined briefly.