Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloning and characterisation of SSV genes from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

In order to investigate the pleiotropic effects exhibited by mutations of S. cerevisiae defective in genes involved in vacuole biogenesis, a number of mutants were chosen for further study. Three mutants which had been isolated for salt sensitivity (ssv mutants) also exhibited defects in a number of unrelated functions including protein targeting and vacuole inheritance. Attempts were made to clone the corresponding wild type genes defined by these mutations. Plasmid pMLY38 was thought to confer an advantageous growth effect on the ssv7-l mutant strain, complementing the salt sensitivity and enhancing its growth on YPDA media supplemented with 1.5M salt. Further analysis of growth curves indicated that pMLY38 did not enhance the growth of ssv7-l. Subsequent sequencing indicated that pMLY38 contained the SSV7 gene. However, an open reading frame (ORFl) was detected downstream of SSV7 and the sequence was analysed. A gene disruption of ORFl indicated that it was not an essential gene. Computer analysis of the DNA sequence showed that it encoded a 310 amino acid protein which has a highly acidic C-terminal end. Searches of the data bases showed limited homology to SCYKL202W1 and Nucleolar Transcription Factor 1, the significance of which is unknown. Characterisation of ssv 16 strains indicated cells with class B vacuoles. Immunoprecipitation results showed the mutants also secrete large quantities of CPY. They also display a semi-dominant phenotype for CPY mis-sorting. In the mutant/wild type diploid CPY continues to be secreted indicating that the mutant phenotype is not completely suppressed by the wild type gene. Cloning of SSV16 isolated the previously sequenced gene, SISl. A study of the growth curves, secretion of CPY and chromosome mapping of SSV16 failed to ascertain whether SISl is identical to SSV16.Immunofluorescence of the ssv 17-101 strains indicated that it belongs to a small group of mutants defective in vacuole segregation. Four transformation methods were employed in order to clone SSVl 7 via complementation from a gene bank. Difficulties encountered with these methods resulted in a chromosome mapping technique being employed to locate the gene. This placed the SSV17 gene on chromosome XIV. Attempts to narrow down the position on the chromosome by meiotic mapping were unsuccessful. Information that a VACl homologue was present on chromosome XIV led to its cloning by PGR in order to determine if it complemented the ssvl7-101 mutation.
The Case of Hellmuth in The Autistic Psychopathy – Suffering from Cushing Syndrome?

Autism spectrum disorders are increasingly linked to an altered endocrine metabolism and it was hypothesized that any disturbances in Hypothalamus-Pituitary adrenal gland axis respectively steroid hormone metabolism is reflected in the habitus of affected autistic individuals. One case described by Hans Asperger [1] was Hellmuth – at the time of description an 11-year-old boy – for whom strong indicators concerning an endocrine pathology can be found. If comparing with Cushing syndrome remarkable similarities can be identified. Weak bones would be in line with a glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis or even rachitis with involvement of thyroid and parathyroid glands. Interestingly, Hellmuth was treated with thyroid and hypothalamus hormones not having substantial effects. He was described having a face with hanging chops and with a small head remembering of a microcephalus, which can be further interpreted as signs of a typical Cushing Habitus. Laboratory parameters are missing, but the clinical signs are relatively straight forward, and an endocrinology involvement was explicitly mentioned by Hans Asperger [1]. Probably, hormones from different classes’ glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens were involved. Furthermore, mentioned sleep disturbances are in line with a dysregulation of Melatonin Stimulating Hormone on pineal gland level and the abnormal diet might be a result of a dysregulation of Insulin and Glucagon homeostasis in line with a general endocrine dysregulation in this autistic individual suffering from Asperger Syndrome. These metabolites are characterized through cholesterol as precursor allowing to suggest that all steroids are involved in autism. A link between cholesterol, vitamin D, and steroid hormones which subsequently impacts on the development of at least some cases of autism have already been suggested.
Evaluation of the costs of managing cutaneous adverse drug reactions to first-line TB therapy in South African TB patients

xvii 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Rationale and justification for research . 4 1.2 Objectives of the study . 4 1.3 The research questions . 5 1.4 Thesis outline . 5 2. LITERATURE REVIEW . 6 2.1 Epidemiology of Tuberculosis . 6 2.2 Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis . 8 2.3 Relationship between HIV and Tuberculosis . 9 2.4 Diagnosing Tuberculosis . 10 2.5 Treatment of drug-sensitive Tuberculosis . 12 2.6 Treating Tuberculosis in the context of HIV . 13 2.7 Drug related toxicities. 16 2.7. 1 ADR related to TB therapy . 16 2.7. 2 ADR related to ART . 21 2.7. 3 Drug-drug interactions between TB therapy and ART . 22 2.7. 4 IRIS as a confounder in the diagnosis of ADR . 23 2.8 Management of TB drug associated toxicities . 23 2.9 Principles of rechallenge of first-line TB Therapy . 24
BOOK REVIEW

Abstract IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF FULL-SERVICE RETAIL SEAFOOD DISTRIBUTORS. M. G. Haby, R. J. Midget, T. E. Rippen, and C. W. Coale Jr. College Station, TX, USA. Texas Sea Grant College Program, 1999, 165 pages. $39.95. Reviewed by Keith W. Gates.
Children’s Own Time Use and its Effect on Skill Formation

ABSTRACT Using time use data from a longitudinal survey (covering Ethiopia, India, and Vietnam), the present study examines how the amount of time children spend on different activities impacts their acquisition of cognitive and noncognitive skills. Modelling the skill formation production function of children and extending the set of inputs to include the child’s own time inputs, the study finds that child involvement in work activities (paid or nonpaid) are associated with a reduction in both cognitive and noncognitive achievements. The results imply an indirect adverse effect of child work on skill development through the reduction of hours of study.
Differences between clinicians and researchers in assessing risk of violence in forensic psychiatric patients

Do clinicians and researchers differ in their violence risk assessment of the same patient? In this study, the Dutch version of the HCR-20 was coded by two independent researchers and two independent clinicians (treatment supervisor and group leader) for 60 patients admitted to a Dutch forensic psychiatric hospital. The aim of the study was threefold: (1) to establish the interrater reliability of the Dutch HCR-20; (2) to gain insight into differences between researchers and clinicians in coding the HCR-20; and (3) to examine the relationship between clinicians' feelings towards their patients and their risk judgment. Overall, the interrater reliability of the HCR-20 was good. The group leaders gave significantly lower HCR-20 scores than the researchers. There were no significant differences between the mean HCR-20 scores of treatment supervisors and researchers, but there was a significant difference in the interpretation of the scores: treatment supervisors had more ‘low risk’ judgments than researchers. Furthermore, it was found that feelings of clinicians towards their patients were associated with their risk judgment. Feelings of being controlled and manipulated by the patient were related to higher HCR-20 scores, whereas positive feelings (helpful, happy, relaxed) were related to lower risk judgments.
Molecular investigation of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of dinoflagellate paralytic shellfish toxins

Dinoflagellate species such as Gymnodinium catenatum, Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium catenella produce potent neurotoxins, the causative agents of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP). Molecular genetic research on these species is complicated by factors such as their symbiotic association with bacteria, unusual chromosome structure, tough cellulose cell walls (Alexandrium), and large amount of genomic and repetitive DNA. Little is known about how, where and when PSP toxins (PSTs) are synthesised. The basic precursors of the PST molecule(s) have been hypothesised, but no genes coding for toxin production have been definitively identified. The application of molecular methods to study armoured and unarmoured marine dinoflagellates was assessed and techniques successfully refined, including DNA and RNA isolation, flow cytometry, primer design, PCR, quantitative real time PCR, molecular cloning and sequence analysis. Methods for detecting intra- and extra-cellular bacteria were examined, including fluorescence in situ hybridisation, light microscopy, agar plating and PCR. Prolonged antibiotic treatment of G. catenatum, A. minutum and A. catenella cultures reduced bacterial load but resulted in poor growth and cell death of dinoflagellates. Close bacterial associations with dinoflagellates may have an important and as yet poorly understood role in dinoflagellate health and toxicity. A dinoflagellate (eukaryotic) origin of candidate PST genes was confirmed by development of methods to isolate polyadenylated RNA not contaminated with prokaryotic (bacterial) genes. This technique was also crucial for gene expression studies. Production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is catalysed by the enzyme SAM synthetase, which is encoded by Sam. This enzyme is involved in many cellular metabolic processes, including the biosynthesis of PSTs. Sam was characterised for the first time in toxic dinoflagellates, with multiple copies of Sam present in individual strains. The most frequently identified copy of Sam was highly conserved between dinoflagellates, but dissimilar to Sam sequences from non-dinoflagellates. Two other candidate PST genes, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (Sahh) and methionine aminopeptidase (Map), previously identified in the PSP dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense were cloned in A. catenella. Toxin dynamics and expression of Sam, Sahh and Map were examined concurrently over the cell division cycle in A. catenella. The toxin profile was constant over the cell cycle but cellular toxin content decreased during division, suggesting that toxin was partitioned in dividing cells. Expression of Map and Sahh appeared to follow a similar pattern to rate of endocellular toxin production throughout the cell cycle. Positive toxin production occurred in the absence of light, suggesting that light was not a direct trigger for toxin production. The molecular techniques developed and sequence information and knowledge of cellular toxin dynamics gained will facilitate further characterisation of novel dinoflagellate genes.
Isoequilibrium and free energy relationships in complex formation equilibria between Ag(I) and thiocarbonyl ligands in oxygenated solvent media

Abstract The standard enthalpy and entropy changes for the stepwise and overall complex formation homogeneous equilibria between Ag(I) and thiocarbonyl ligands or for the single reactions (series of reactions) in H2O, CH3OH (MeOH), C2H5OH (EtOH), C3H7OH (n-PrOH), CH3CHOHCH3 (Is-PrOH), and CH3COCH3 (Ac) are linearly correlated (corr. coeff. R > 0.9). The intercepts of the ∆H − ∆S regression straight lines ∆H = ∆Hres − τ ∆S depend on both solvent and number of coordinated ligands (hereafter coordination level) in the coordination sphere of the substrate AgLn. The slopes τ = d∆H/d∆S (hereafter susceptivities/sensitivities) depend only on solvent. Robust and sound hard solvent parameter scales, founded on solute–solute soft–soft interactions, can be set up on ∆Hres and/or τ bases. At 25 °C, the transfer standard free energies for the overall complex formation reactions at the single coordination levels n = 1, 2, or 3 between the various solvents are uncorrelated. When considered as unique set with n = 1, 2, and 3, the results linearly correlated (0.85 ≤ R ≤ 0.97) with slope ≈ 1 and intercepts depending on the actual couple of solvent media. The enthalpy(entropy) changes are uncorrelated.
Analyzing HIV/AIDS and Alcohol and Other Drug Use as a Social Problem

Most prevention and intervention activities directed toward HIV/AIDS and alcohol and other drug use separately as well as the combining of the two (e.g., those who are both HIV/AIDS and using alcohol and other drugs) comes in the form of specific, individualized therapies without consideration of social influences that may have a greater impact on this population. Approaching this social problem from the narrowed view of individualized, micro solutions disregards the larger social conditions that affect or perhaps even are at the root of the problem. This paper analyzes the social problem of HIV/AIDS and alcohol and other drug abuse using three sociological perspectives—social construction theory, ethnomethodology, and conflict theory—informing the reader of the broader influences accompanying this problem.
Debates

Any state’s foreign policy, including America’s, is constrained by a complex combination of external and domestic factors, which constitute the sources upon which the political classes elaborate their international and domestic strategies. Foreign policy per se is, or should be, the balanced refinement, political aesthetic and combined diplomatic projection of four fundamental components: the economic, the military, the ideological and the juridical/legal. Each component is relatively autonomous from the other, a fact that enables both an independent development of its ramifications (e.g. ‘economic diplomacy’, ‘defence diplomacy’, ‘coercive diplomacy’ and so on) and, if need be, a robust projection of integrated power, accompanied by an attempt to incorporate all four elements. This is basically what Carl Von Klauzewitz meant by his famous ‘war is the continuation of politics by other means’. It is the weakness and/or lack (of combination) of the four main components of foreign policy that make non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other non-state organizations (e.g. the UN)—albeit successful in some humanitarian issues, charitable work and light peace-keeping—unable to project influence as coherently and dynamically as the modern state does. It is also interesting to note that the last two components, the ideological and juridical/legal, have somewhat to be a distorted image of reality, inasmuch as they were formed by the dominant classes in order to be manipulated by them and to legitimize actions based on their self-interests. ‘The task of political hegemony’, Terry Eagleton wrote back in 1990, ‘is to produce the very forms of subjecthood which will form the basis of political unity’. Law and ideology are, in the last analysis, reified commodities that tend to ‘regulate’ reality in order to mystify the real profile of forces operating along the lines of national and class interests. At times, the forms of law available happen not to satisfy these specific interests. Therefore, those who make the laws are often those who fail to abide by them.
Conhecimento do diabetes tipo 2 e relação com o comportamento de adesão ao tratamento

O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipo 2 pode ser prevenido e controlado desde que a pessoa faca algumas adaptacoes em seu estilo de vida. O conhecimento do paciente frente a doenca pode contribuir com a baixa adesao ao tratamento, ou seja, nao seguir as recomendacoes passadas pela equipe de saude. O objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar o conhecimento do participante sobre o DM tipo 2 e comportamento de adesao ao tratamento. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com cinco diabeticos que responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Apos realizada uma analise de conteudo observou-se que a comunicacao do diagnostico nao foi considerada fator de nao adesao. Os participantes conseguiram promover mudancas em costumes cristalizados ha algum tempo sem alto custo de resposta e apresentaram comportamento de adesao para autocuidado, por exemplo: exercicios fisicos e uso de medicacao. Em contrapartida, observou-se baixa adesao para seguir dieta alimentar prescrita por profissional de saude.
Transfer Agents, Knowledge Authority, and Indices of Regulatory Quality: A Comparative Analysis of the World Bank and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Abstract In the past two decades, international organizations have been designing and promoting transnational benchmarks for evaluating the quality of governance. The World Bank and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have been competing in devising and legitimizing indices across policy areas. Previous studies have demonstrated how international organizations can influence national governments by means of governance indices. However, a comparative analysis is still missing of the choices international organizations have made in establishing their own indices of good governance. By focusing on regulatory reform, this paper attempts to fill this gap. It first sets a framework to compare the different types of authority that organizations can pursue through benchmarking. It then applies this framework to the specific case of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Bank, to examine how they differ in their conceptions of and use of policy benchmarking.
APS’AALOOKE LED DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM

The primary objective of this proposed program is to decrease the burden of diabetes mellitus type II among the Crow Indian tribe members in Montana by preventing the progression of prediabetes to diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus (DMII), is a debilitating disease that contributes to increased morbidity and mortality, in addition to billions of healthcare costs annually. In the United States, minority populations carry a higher burden of DMII, however American Indians have the highest prevalence of all. In fact, American Indians are 2.4 times more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes than white people. In Montana, the Crow Indian tribe carries a disproportionately large percentage of diabetes compared to the rest of the state. We plan to implement an adapted version of the evidence-based Diabetes Prevention Program within the Indian Health Services Infrastructure on the Crow Reservation. The DPP is a primary prevention program that has shown effectiveness in decreasing risk for DMII among a wide range of populations with prediabetes. The program’s goals include eating less fat and fewer calories and exercising at least 150 minutes per week in order to achieve a weight loss of at least 7% of each participant’s body weight. This weight loss translates to a decrease in risk for DMII; the original study demonstrated a 58% reduction in risk for DMII. Utilizing the Montana state based DPP network, the Little Big Horn College will work with IHS providers to refer eligible prediabetes patients to the 12 month long lifestyle modification program coached by trained community health workers. The DPP sessions will be offered by 3 lifestyle coaches in 3 different sites within the reservation. Process and outcome evaluation will measure fidelity, adaptations, biometric variables and psychosocial effects of the program. Through partnerships with various community organizations and tribal leaders, this program has the potential to increase community capacity and empowerment, as well decrease the overall burden of DMII and its health and economic costs to the Crow tribe.
EARLY STAGE OF FIBROMYALGIC PAIN IN ADULTS TREATED WITH GABAPENTIN AT KOSHI ZONAL HOSPITAL

Introduction: Early stage of fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by generalized body ache, fatigue, restlessness sleep, impaired cognitive and anxiety with unknown etiology. The definite diagnosis and treatment for fibromyalgia are not cl ear, but medications and alternative treatment can help to alleviate or cure early stage of fibrom yalgia, among the medications one is gabapentin. Objective: Evaluation of Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) of fibromyalgia by treating with gabapentin at Koshi Zonal Hospital from May 2016 to March 2018. Methodology : In this cross-sectional study, 50 patients were sel cted who had already taken more than two times non-steroid anti-inflammatory d ugs (NSAIDS) but pain was not relived and those patients were treated with gabapentin(100 mg to 300mg) for eight weeks in early stage of fibromyalgia for evaluating pain score in NPRS a nd complications by using Microsoft Excel Programme. Results: Out of 50 patients, 39 patients had good response , mean age 25.2 (range18-30 years), 37 female patients, mean female age 25.41 years (ra nge 18-30 years), 13 male patients, mean male age 24.62 years (range 18-30 years), mean dura tion of illness 5.18 weeks ( 4-6 weeks). Conclusion: Patients who were taking gabapentin displayed sig nificant reduction in pain, better sleep, and less fatigue as well as fewer complicati ons.
Genome Analysis In Plant Pathogenic Streptomyces

It is broadly accepted that recombination affects the core-genome of several bacterial groups, playing an important role in their evolution. The Streptomyces genus contains a small core-genome but relatively large pan-genome. The core-genome contains the essential genes that define the Streptomyces genus. In this study we use sequence analysis and phylogenetic approaches to investigate the impact of recombination on the core-genome of Streptomyces. Our results indicate that at least 38% of the core-genome has been affected by recombination. Surprisingly, recombination events within the core-genome affect even informational genes, such as those coding for elongation factors and ribosomal proteins. Our genomic analysis provides important information about the role of recombination in the evolution of the genus Streptomyces.
Improving Engagement and Retention in Adult Care Settings for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Questioning (LGBTQ) Youth Living with HIV: Recommendations for Health Care Providers

Whether transitioning out of a pediatric/adolescent care setting, or moving directly from the point of diagnosis into adult care, youth living with HIV are entering a system that is not set up to meet their needs. This can have an adverse impact on adherence to medication, treatment for opportunistic infections, and secondary transmission. The situation is further complicated for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning (LGBTQ) youth with HIV who face a multitude of psychosocial and structural barriers due to their sexual orientation or gender identity. Engaging and retaining HIV positive LGBTQ youth in adult care is critical to their survival and to wider prevention efforts, yet many fail to initiate or remain in care. Health and social service providers play a pivotal role in overcoming these challenges. This paper provides a broad overview of the barriers to engaging and retaining HIV positive LGBTQ youth in adult care settings, with particular focus on youth that were infected via behavioral means. Key strategies for overcoming those challenges are then shared. Institutional and environmental solutions include addressing institutional stigma, strengthening the knowledge and capacity of health providers to work with this population, creating a youth friendly environment, and solving access issues. Patient-care oriented solutions include improving the patient-provider relationship, offering developmentally sensitive comprehensive services, and directly involving youth in the healthcare setting.