Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building Research Capacity in Nursing Academia in 2020: Is the Road Less Perilous?

Background Building research capacity in nursing academic units continues to be a challenge. There are a number of external contextual factors and internal factors that influence individual faculty as well as the collective to engage successfully in research. Purpose The overall aim of this opinion article is to provide an overview of the current external and internal, processes and structures, relevant to capacity of nursing faculty to engage in research. Methods To inform the external context, we reviewed national research funding trends for nursing. To inform the internal context, we provided an exemplar of the internal processes and structures designed to support research capacity building within our academic unit. Results Canadian Institutes of Health Research funding trends for research grants led by nurse principal applicants increased between 2010 and 2013, followed by a steady decline. In 2017 to 2018, there were only 24 research grants led by nurse principal applicants. These external challenges coupled with the traditional internal barriers, such as the imbalance between teaching and research time, threaten research capacity for nursing academics. Conclusion Organizational strategies to promote research capacity within academic nursing units are a necessary requirement to move forward.
Trends in the incidence and overall survival of multiple primary cancers in Turkey.

PURPOSE Multiple primary malignant tumors (MPCs) are defined as at least two histologically distinct malignancies in one individual. We aimed to present the risk of developing multiple primary cancers and to give information about the periods and prediction data regarding survival outcome for MPCs. METHODS All patients with MPCs between 1992-2017 were included in this study. Patients were compared in terms of the primary cancer number, age at diagnosis of first primary cancer, gender, time interval after first cancer detected, cancer types seen mostly together, and the rate of MPCs during the years. RESULTS The total number of included patients was 117,139. The proportion of patients with MPCs during the follow-up period was 4.95% (n=5,796). Eighteen percent of the cases were synchronous and 82% metachronous. MPCs were most commonly detected in the gastrointestinal tract and were detected more commonly in men than in women (p<0.001). Patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) (p<0.001) and chemotherapy (CT) (p <0.001) had more MPCs than those who never received RT or CT. Survival in MPCs was worse than in single primary cancers. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 28.1%, and 12.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION We identified approximately 5% MPCs among 117,139 patients in our database. MPCs are more common at 60-69 years in males and at 50-59 years in females. In terms of the risk of MPCs, we should be aware of the cancers that have risk factors, habits, and genetic features commonly affecting primary cancers.
Combination Phototherapy with a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor and a Potent DNA-Binding Bibenzimidazole: Effects in Haematological Cell Lines

Current treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma includes phototherapy, which involves either the use of narrowband ultraviolet B light or in combination with a psoralen photosensitiser. Therapy typically involves administration of the photosensitiser followed by topical exposure to . A different approach is extracorporeal photopheresis, an ex vivo strategy which is used for more advanced stages of disease. Further, histone deacetylase inhibitors are emerging as potent anticancer agents with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and depsipeptide, having received FDA approval for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. We have developed Sens, an extremely potent, DNA minor groove-binding sensitizer for potential use in phototherapy. We have previously demonstrated the extreme photopotency of Sens in human erythroleukemic K562 cells. Here we have extended those studies by investigating the photopotency of Sens in four haematological cell lines, namely, K562, T-cell leukaemic CEM-CCRF, P-glycoprotein overexpressing R100, and transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) cells. In addition, we investigated the effects of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in combination with Sens. Using γH2AX as the endpoint, our findings indicate that Sens-induced phototoxicity in all four of the haematological cell lines. The addition of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid augmented the photopotency of Sens highlighting the potential clinical applicability of combination therapies.
Communication partner training in traumatic brain injury: a UK survey of Speech and Language Therapists’ clinical practice

ABSTRACT Primary objective To explore the clinical practice of communication partner training by Speech and Language Therapists for people with traumatic brain injury in the UK. Study design Online 97-item survey which addressed the practice of training both familiar and unfamiliar communication partners, and barriers and facilitators to implementation informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework. Participants 169 Speech and Language Therapists from private and public settings in the UK. Results While 96% reported training familiar communication partners, only 58% reported training unfamiliar communication partners. Therapists reported providing communication partner training consistent with best practice 43% of the time. Evidence-based published programmes were used by 13.8% and 19.9% of participants for training familiar and unfamiliar partners, respectively. Therapists reported using outcomes for familiar and unfamiliar communication partners 83% and 78% of the time. The most frequently reported barrier was lack of behavioral regulation (e.g., planning). Most frequent perceived facilitators were clinicians wanting to deliver communication partner training and that training was part of therapists’ professional role (social professional role and identity). Conclusions Therapists were motivated to deliver communication partner training but reduced capability affected implementation. Further support to clinicians on outcome measurement with materials to develop workplace systems to monitor implementation is needed.
Effects of bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory and global cognition in older patients with remitted major depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial

To assess the effects of a 10‐day course of bilateral anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on working memory and global cognition in elderly participants with remitted major depressive disorder at 14 days (primary outcome) and 90 days (secondary outcome) post intervention.
Semiochemical‐mediated oviposition behavior by female peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa

The peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Say) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is an important pest of commercial cultivations of peach trees, Prunus persicae (L.) (Rosaceae). Identification of semiochemicals that mediate host selection by adult S. exitiosa may lead to the development of a new earth‐friendly tactic within integrated programs for control of S. exitiosa. Larvae develop in the phloem of peach trees where their feeding stimulates the production of gum frass, a mixture of tree phloem particles, tree sap (gum), and larval feces (frass). We tested the hypothesis that gum‐frass semiochemicals signal a potential host tree, and induce oviposition by female S. exitiosa. In coupled gas chromatographic‐electroantennographic detection analyses of Porapak Q‐collected gum frass volatiles, 21 compounds elicited responses from male or female S. exitiosa antennae. These compounds included four acids, four hydrocarbons, four ketones, three acetates, two aldehydes, γ‐decalactone, conophthorin, 2‐phenylethanol, and 2‐isopropyl‐3‐methoxypyrazine. In dual‐choice laboratory experiments, all groups of compounds, except the acetates, were needed to induce significantly more egg laying by female S. exitiosa on treatment than on unbaited control oviposition sites. By responding to gum frass semiochemicals, female S. exitiosa seem to exploit signals that are complex, detectable, and that reliably indicate a potential host tree for larval development.
Might limiting liquid nicotine concentration result in more toxic electronic cigarette aerosols?

Some jurisdictions have instituted limits on electronic cigarette (ECIG) liquid nicotine concentration, in an effort to control ECIG nicotine yield, and others are considering following suit. Because ECIG nicotine yield is proportional to the product of liquid nicotine concentration (milligram per millilitre) and device power (watts) regulations that limit liquid nicotine concentration may drive users to adopt higher wattage devices to obtain a desired nicotine yield. In this study we investigated, under various hypothetical regulatory limits on ECIG liquid nicotine concentration, a scenario in which a user of a common ECIG device (SMOK TF-N2) seeks to obtain in 15 puffs the nicotine emissions equivalent to one combustible cigarette (ie, 1.8 mg). We measured total aerosol and carbonyl compound (CC) yields in 15 puffs as a function of power (15–80 W) while all else was held constant. The estimated nicotine concentration needed to achieve combustible cigarette-like nicotine yield at each power level was then computed based on the measured liquid consumption. We found that for a constant nicotine yield of 1.8 mg, reducing the liquid nicotine concentration resulted in greater amount of liquid aerosolised (p<0.01) and greater CC emissions (p<0.05). Thus, if users seek a given nicotine yield, regulatory limits on nicotine concentration may have the unintended consequence of increasing exposure to aerosol and respiratory toxicants. This outcome demonstrates that attempting to control ECIG nicotine yield by regulating one factor at a time may have unintended health effects and highlights the need to consider multiple factors and outcomes simultaneously when designing regulations.
Decreased survival of advanced colorectal cancer among patients with chronic cholecystitis: results from two clinical centers.

PURPOSE Chronic cholecystitis is a common inflammatory disease of the gallbladder. It is related with various gastrointestinal tumors, although its pathogenesis is not clear. This study was designed to investigate the association between chronic cholecystitis and the survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We conducted a population-based large-scale retrospective case-control study involving 1094 patients with advanced CRC, 286 patients with cholecystitis, and 808 without. The patients were admitted in two hospitals in China. Data were obtained from a patient survey by professional interviewers in addition to medical records. The statistical significance was estimated by Kaplan-Mayer analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS The chronic cholecystitis group had a shorter survival time than non- cholecystitis group (HR for Nanfang hospital patients 0.638, 95%CI 0.457-0.890, p=0.008; HR for Changzhou No.2 hospital patients 0.583, 95%CI 0.433-0.787, p<0.001). Surgery and chemotherapy could prolong the survival of patients CRC and reduce their mortality (surgery: HR for Nanfang hospital patients 1.638, 95%CI 1.087-2.469, p=0.018; HR for Changzhou No.2 hospital patients 2.137, 95%CI 1.399-3.265, p<0.001; chemotherapy: HR for Nanfang hospital patients 1.766, 95%CI 1.238-2.518, p=0.002; HR for Changzhou No.2 hospital patients 2.616, 95%CI 1.816-3.768. p<0.001). The higher the TNM staging, the shorter the survival time (TNM staging: HR for Nanfang hospital patients 3.912, 95%CI 3.201-4.781, p<0.001; HR for Changzhou No.2 hospital patients 3.907, 95%CI 3.05-5.005, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Cholecystitis was strongly associated with a poor long-term prognosis for patients with CRC. The results suggest that special attention to gallbladder inflammation might be needed during the treatment of CRC.
Elective replacement of peripheral intravenous cannulas in neonates

Background: Newborns admitted to neonatal units often require vascular access. Peripheral intravenous cannulas allow essential medication, fluids, and/or parenteral nutrition to be delivered. Peripheral intravenous cannulas are often associated with complications, such as extravasation, infiltration, phlebitis, leakage, spontaneous dislodgement, and catheter-associated blood stream infection. Methods: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluating standard replacement versus elective replacement (72–96 h) of peripheral intravenous cannula was conducted in a tertiary-level neonatal unit in Melbourne, Australia. The main outcome of this analysis was to assess the risk of combined adverse events associated with elective replacement of peripheral intravenous cannula. A cost analysis of the intervention was also conducted. Results: Combined adverse outcomes noted per infant were 48 (87.27%) in the standard replacement group versus 44 (75.86%) in the elective replacement group (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.71–1.04, p = 0.15). In terms of combined adverse outcome per 1000 intravenous hours, there was a significant risk ratio of 0.81 in the elective group compared with the standard group (95% CI 0.65–0.98, p = 0.04). Gestation (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.58; 95% CI 0.35–0.96, p = 0.03), male gender (AOR 4.65; 95% CI 1.07–20.28, p = 0.04), elective replacement (AOR 0.12; 95% CI 0.03–0.68, p = 0.01), and the total number of re-sites (AOR 27.84; 95% CI 4.61–168.18, p < 0.001) were significant risk factors associated with adverse events. There were also significantly higher costs involved with elective replacement. Conclusion: Elective replacement of peripheral intravenous cannulas was not shown to reduce the risk of combined adverse events. Elective peripheral intravenous cannula replacement also incurred a higher cost.
Arabidopsis Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes UBC7, UBC13, and UBC14 Are Required in Plant Responses to Multiple Stress Conditions

Protein ubiquitination plays important roles in plants, including stress responses. The ubiquitin (Ub) E2 enzymes are required in the transfer of Ub to a substrate and are also important in determining the Ub-chain linkage specificity. However, for many of the 37 E2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, there is currently little or no understanding of their functions. In this study, we investigated three members of an E2 subfamily. The single, double, and triple mutants of UBC7, UBC13, and UBC14 did not show any phenotypic changes under normal conditions, but were more sensitive than the wild-type (WT) plants to multiple stress conditions, suggesting that the three genes are not critical for normal growth, but required in plant stress responses. The severity of the phenotypes increased from single to triple mutants, suggesting that the functions of the three genes are not completely redundant. The three E2s are closely related to the yeast Ubc7 and its homologs in animals and human, which are an important component of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. The stress sensitivity phenotypes of the mutants and shared evolutionary root with the Ubc7 homologs in yeast and metazoans suggest that UBC7, UBC13, and UBC14 may function in the plant ERAD pathway.
Soil salinity and moisture content under non-native Tamarix species

Abstract This study investigated, soil salinity and moisture content under the exotic Tamarix in the Olifants River, South Africa, where they predominantly occur. Soil electro-conductivity (EC) was mapped using the electromagnetic induction (EMI) device (EM38 sensor), in three transects laid along the river from as close to the water source outward towards the bank of the River at 50 m apart. This was supported by three soil EC and moisture measurements from each of the three transects at a soil depth of 0–100 cm at intervals of 10 cm using soil EC meter and Amplitude Domain Reflectometry (ADR) sensor, respectively. The highest salt concertation (3,000 mS/m or 19,500 ppm) was found at a depth of 30–40 cm under the dense Tamarix species. The highest soil moisture (20–40%) was also found at the same depth under the Tamarix, suggesting a hydraulic lift of water to the top 30–40 cm, where the Tamarix fine roots for water absorption occur. It also confirms that the distance from water point and Tamarix plant density affect salt leaching depth and amount of litter decomposition, respectively, which is the main source of salt deposition in soil.
A single case series using visuospatial task interference to reduce the number of visual intrusive memories of trauma with refugees.

The current worldwide refugee crisis has led to an unprecedented increase in migration globally. Due to stigma and language barriers, mental healthcare for refugees is limited. There is a need for novel, scalable psychological interventions. We investigated whether a brief behavioural intervention involving a memory reminder cue and Tetris gameplay on smartphone reduces intrusive memories in refugees using a single case (N = 4) ABAB withdrawal design. The baseline phase (A) included a no-intervention week; the intervention phase (B) included an in person session with the researchers which comprised of the behavioural intervention followed by self-guided use in daily life the following week. All participants reported a decrease in intrusive memories after the intervention, as well as functional improvements (e.g., in concentration). Importantly, participants rated the intervention as feasible and acceptable. As one in-person session was effective in persistent intrusion reduction, ABAB proved not to be the optimal design as intrusions did not rebound in the withdrawal phase. Findings are promising and highlight the need for further evaluation of novel interventions for mental health problems in refugees. This study was prospectively registered in the Clinical Trials Registry, number NCT03760601.
Prognostic Impact of No-Flow Time on 30-Day Neurological Outcomes in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Who Received Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

BACKGROUND How the time sequence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedures is related to clinical outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains unclear. This study examined the impact of the time interval from collapse to start of CPR (no-flow time, NF time) and the time interval from start of CPR to implementation of extracorporeal CPR (ECPR) (low-flow time, LF time) on neurological outcomes.Methods and Results:During the period from 2010 to 2015, we enrolled 85 patients who received ECPR. Fourteen patients (16.5%) showed favorable 30-day neurological recovery. NF time was shorter in the favorable neurological recovery group than in the unfavorable recovery group (1.4±3.0 vs. 5.2±5.8 min, P<0.05), though combined NF+LF times were similar in the 2 groups (50.1±13.2 vs. 55.1±14.8 min, P=0.25). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that pupil diameter at arrival and NF time were independently associated with favorable neurological recovery. The optimal cut-off value of NF time to predict favorable neurological recovery was 5 min (area under curve: 0.70, P<0.05; sensitivity, 85.7%; specificity, 52.1%). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that NF time is a better predictor than NF+LF time for neurological outcomes in OHCA patients who received ECPR, and that start of CPR within 5 min after collapse is crucial for improving neurological outcomes followed by use of ECPR.
Nucleotide sequence of the F plasmid gene srnB that promotes degradation of stable RNA in Escherichia coli

We determined the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment of the F plasmid containing the srnB gene responsible for promotion of stable RNA degradation in Escherichia coli. From the DNA sequence, a possible initiation codon (ATG) was preceded by a possible promoter about 100 bp upstream, and by a Shine-Dalgarno sequence (GAGG) with proper spacing. The ATG was followed by the sequence of a putative polypeptide product and likely translation and transcription termination signals. A possible base-paired stem and loop was detected between the promoter and the initiation codon. This region may participate in the regulation of srnB expression.
The timing of migration within the context of an annual routine

We illustrate how a general technique for finding optimal cyclic routines can be applied to annual routines of migration. We present a schematic model in which there are two locations that differ in terms of food availability. We demonstrate how the model can be used to investigate the factors that determine the timing of migration. Reproductive values emerge from the model rather than being assumed. The form of the relationships between reproductive value and a bird's energy reserves and condition on the completion of the autumn migration is very different from that on the completion of the spring migration. The difference suggests that the timing of migration is more critical in spring than in autumn.
Living donor liver paired exchange: A North American first

Paired organ exchange can be used to circumvent living donor‐recipient ABO incompatibilities. Herein, we present the first case of successful liver paired exchange in North America. This 2‐way swap required 4 simultaneous operations: 2 living donor hepatectomies and 2 living donor liver transplants. A nondirected anonymous living donor gift initiated this domino exchange, alleviating an ABO incompatibility in the other donor‐recipient pair. With careful attention to ethical and logistical issues, paired liver exchange is a feasible option to expand the donor pool for incompatible living liver donor‐recipient pairs.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Can Reduce HCV-RNA without Liver Damage

Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (iCIs) have been used to treat cancers. Once some of the iCIs for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are certified in clinical trials, they are likely be administered to HCC patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the immunopathogenesis of HCV after the administration of iCIs has not been clarified. We experienced a lung cancer patient with HCV infection treated by nivolumab, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody. HCV-RNA gradually decreased after the start of nivolumab treatment. However, no increase in transaminase was observed during the decline of HCV-RNA. It was thought that HCV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were activated by iCIs.
Mutant p53 as an Antigen in Cancer Immunotherapy

The p53 tumor suppressor plays a pivotal role in cancer and infectious disease. Many oncology treatments are now calling on immunotherapy approaches, and scores of studies have investigated the role of p53 antibodies in cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge from the preliminary evidence that suggests a potential role of p53 as an antigen in the adaptive immune response and as a key monitor of the innate immune system, thereby speculating on the idea that mutant p53 antigens serve as a druggable targets in immunotherapy. Except in a few cases, the vast majority of published work on p53 antibodies in cancer patients use wild-type p53 as the antigen to detect these antibodies and it is unclear whether they can recognize p53 mutants carried by cancer patients at all. We envision that an antibody targeting a specific mutant p53 will be effective therapeutically against a cancer carrying the exact same mutant p53. To corroborate such a possibility, a recent study showed that a T cell receptor-like (TCLR) antibody, initially made for a wild-type antigen, was capable of discriminating between mutant p53 and wild-type p53, specifically killing more cancer cells expressing mutant p53 than wild-type p53 in vitro and inhibiting the tumour growth of mice injected with mutant p53 cancer cells than mice with wild-type p53 cancer cells. Thus, novel antibodies targeting mutant p53, but not the wild-type isoform, should be pursued in preclinical and clinical studies.