Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor dormancy in bone

Bone marrow is a common site of metastasis for a number of tumor types, including breast, prostate, and lung cancer, but the mechanisms controlling tumor dormancy in bone are poorly understood. In breast cancer, while advances in drug development, screening practices, and surgical techniques have dramatically improved survival rates in recent decades, metastatic recurrence in the bone remains common and can develop years or decades after elimination of the primary tumor.
Lapatinib promotes ovarian cancer cell apoptosis through mROS-HtrA2/Omi pathways

Mitochondria play a pivotal role in regulating the viability of cancer cells. The role of lapatinib in cancer is poorly understood. This study investigated the downstream response to mitochondrial fragmentation using lapatinib to activate mitochondria. In this study cell viability was measured by MTT and LDH leakage assays. Apoptosis was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Annexin V/PI staining. Mitochondrial fragmentation was measured by qPCR and protein expression was detected by Western blot. Results showed that lapatinib increased ovarian cancer cell apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells via triggering mitochondrial fragmentation. Subsequently, mitochondrial fragmentation increased ROS production and facilitated HtrA2/Omi liberation from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm which inturn activated caspase-dependent cell apoptosis. The present results identified the mROS-HtrA2/Omi axis as a novel signaling pathway that is activated by mitochondrial fragmentation and promotes ovarian cancer cell apoptosis with lapatinib treatment.
Population development of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in vineyards of Çanakkale Province

Kanadi noktali sirke sinegi, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) dunyada meyve uretim alanlarinda uzumsu ve cekirdekli meyvelerin onemli istilaci zararlilarindan biridir. Bu calisma ile 2014 ve 2017 yillari arasinda Canakkale ilindeki uzum baglarinda D. suzukii ’nin populasyon gelisiminin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Orneklemeler 2014-2017 yillari arasinda yem tuzaklari kullanilarak haftada bir olacak sekilde yurutulmustur. Tuzaklardan toplanan D. suzukii erkek ve disi bireylerinin sayilari haftalik olarak sayilarak kaydedilmistir. Uc yil boyunca, D. suzukii populasyonu eylul ayinda ortaya cikmaya baslamis ve subat ayinda sonlanmistir. 2014-2015 ornekleme periyodunda D. suzukii populasyonu, 29 Kasim ve 13 Aralik 2014 tarihlerinde toplam 153 erkek ve disi birey ile en yuksek yogunluga ulasmistir. 2015-2016 ve 2016-2017 ornekleme doneminde, 12 Aralik ve 4 Aralik tarihlerinde sirasi ile toplam 103 ve 142 birey olarak d populasyonun tepe noktasina ulastigi saptanmistir. Bu calismalar sonucunda D. suzukii ’ nin populasyonunun Canakkale ilinde kasim sonu ile aralik aylarinda en yuksek noktaya ulastigini gostermistir. Canakkale ili bag alanlarinda D. suzukii ’nin mucadele zamani hakkinda bir fikir vermesi acisindan bu sonuclar oldukca onemlidir.
Race and Ethnicity in Black Congressional Representation: The Case of US Foreign Policy Towards Africa

Abstract Intra-racial diversity among black Americans provides unique opportunities for students of congressional representation. Studies of representation often conflate slavery descendant African Americans who identify mainly based on race, and African immigrants who identify based on ethnicity as well as race, so it’s important to determine to what extent legislators substantively represent both. Drawing on conceptions of racial consciousness, linked fate, and the diversity infrastructure thesis, we focus on the legislative activity of individual legislators, race-based caucuses (e.g. the Congressional Black Caucus) and ethnic/nationality-based ones (e.g. the Ethiopian Caucus) to determine their substantive representation of black Americans regarding US-Africa foreign policy issues. Statistical analysis of the 110th–111th Congresses reveals that African and Asian American legislators manifest greater substantive representation, suggesting that descriptive representation is sufficient but not necessary for substantive representation. Also, being a member from a state with a large African immigrant population is positively associated with substantive representation. In addition, the presence of African American legislators on African ethnic-based caucuses has the greatest impact on its substantive representation, indicating that African American racial consciousness has the greatest impact on the substantive representation of African immigrants at the caucus level.
Catalytic Hydrogen Production from Methane: A Review on Recent Progress and Prospect

Natural gas (Methane) is currently the primary source of catalytic hydrogen production, accounting for three quarters of the annual global dedicated hydrogen production (about 70 M tons). Steam–methane reforming (SMR) is the currently used industrial process for hydrogen production. However, the SMR process suffers with insufficient catalytic activity, low long-term stability, and excessive energy input, mostly due to the handling of large amount of CO2 coproduced. With the demand for anticipated hydrogen production to reach 122.5 M tons in 2024, novel and upgraded catalytic processes are desired for more effective utilization of precious natural resources. In this review, we summarized the major descriptors of catalyst and reaction engineering of the SMR process and compared the SMR process with its derivative technologies, such as dry reforming with CO2 (DRM), partial oxidation with O2, autothermal reforming with H2O and O2. Finally, we discussed the new progresses of methane conversion: direct decomposition to hydrogen and solid carbon and selective oxidation in mild conditions to hydrogen containing liquid organics (i.e., methanol, formic acid, and acetic acid), which serve as alternative hydrogen carriers. We hope this review will help to achieve a whole picture of catalytic hydrogen production from methane.
The Effects of Temperature Stress on the Bovine Pituitary-Adrenal-Ovarian Axis: An In-Vitro Study.

The effect of temperature stress on profiles of LH and FSH from pitui­ tary cells; aldosterone, progesterone, cortisol and corticosterone from adrenocortical cells; and estradiol and progesterone from granulosa cells were evaluated using bovine anterior pituitary, adrenocortical and granulosa cells in primary cultures. Cells were grown to confluency in a 37°C humidified incubator containing 95% 02 and 5% C02. Upon reaching confluency, half of the wells were assigned to 40°C incubation temperature while the other half remained at 37°C. The 37°C tempera­ ture represented control conditions whereas 40°C represented heat stress. Various biological . substances, that have been reported to alter hormone production, were added primarily to determine interac­ tions with incubation temperature. The effect of temperature on LH release by unstimulated pituitary cells, after 24 hr at the higher incubation temperature, varied from one of no effect to lower LH secretion. The 40°C incubation tempera­ ture decreased the LH response to GnRH stimulation. Levels of LH stored in the cells were not consistently related to incubation tempe­ ratures. LH concentration in the media was lower for 3-endorphin treatment at 40°C than at 37°C. This difference was more evident when GNRH and estradiol were added to the media. No FSH was detected in the incubation media with the assay available. Thus, it appears that heat stress decreases the responsiveness of the gonadotrophs to GnRH stimulation.
An Analytical Method to Calculate Groundwater Released From an Aquitard Undergoing Nonlinear Consolidation

The estimation of groundwater released from aquitards is important for the groundwater resource management. In this study, a governing equation of drawdown variation within the aquitard, which undergoes nonlinear consolidation, was obtained based on the consolidation theory of Gibson et al. (1967, https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1967.17.3.261). Then, analytical solutions of drawdown variations within an aquitard were derived for a single aquifer underlying an aquitard, as well as for the case when there are aquifers above and below an aquitard. Drawdown solutions were obtained for both the cases when there was a sudden hydraulic head decline in the confined aquifer(s). The characteristics of the groundwater dynamics and water balance in the aquitard have been analyzed with the analytical solution. A laboratory experiment was conducted to verify the analytical solution, and a type‐curve fitting method was presented to calculate the aquitard's hydraulic parameters. Our study revealed that the cumulative water released from the aquitard predicted by Gibson's theory (1967) is less than that obtained through Terzaghi's theory (1943). Groundwater released from the aquitard increases with increasing compression index, aquitard thickness, and drawdown of the adjacent aquifer, and with decreasing initial void ratio and initial effective stress. The time for the drawdown to reach steady state increases with increasing compression index, initial void ratio, and aquitard thickness, and with decreasing initial effective stress and hydraulic conductivity.
A second‐order space–time accurate scheme for nonlinear diffusion equation with general capacity term

A fully implicit finite difference (FIFD) scheme with second‐order space–time accuracy is studied for a nonlinear diffusion equation with general capacity term. A new reasoning procedure is introduced to overcome difficulties caused by the nonlinearity of the capacity term and the diffusion operator in the theoretical analysis. The existence of the FIFD solution is investigated at first which plays an important role in the analysis. It is established by choosing a new test function to bound the solution and its temporal and spatial difference quotients in suitable norms in the fixed point arguments, which is different from the traditional way. Based on these bounds, other fundamental properties of the scheme are rigorously analyzed consequently. It shows that the scheme is uniquely solvable, unconditionally stable, and convergent with second‐order space–time accuracy in L∞(L2) and L∞(H1) norms. The theoretical analysis adapts to both one‐ and multidimensional problems, and can be extended to schemes with first‐order time accuracy. Numerical tests are provided to verify the theoretical results and highlight the high accuracy of the second‐order space–time accurate scheme. The reasoning techniques can be extended to a broad family of discrete schemes for nonlinear problems with capacity terms.
Detection of Tetracycline and Oxytetracycline Resistant Bacteria and Genes in Effluent Water of Zoological Garden, Sri Lanka

The treatment of bacterial infections is increasingly complicated due to development of resistance to antimicrobial agents. The present study records, occurrence of tetracycline (TET) and oxytetracycline (OTC) resistance bacteria in the effluent waste water of Zoological garden, Sri Lanka. Moreover, corresponding antibiotics resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were screened.Four bacterial strains which were resistant to both TET and OTC were isolated by enrichment culture method following standard pour plate. Different concentrations of OTC and TET (0 900 ppm) were used to detect Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of isolated bacteria using standard pour plate and 96 well plate methods. Chromosomal DNA of the bacterial isolates was extracted and the presence of resistance genes (tetA, tet M, tet S) were identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Isolated bacterial strains were identified as Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus arlettae by 16S rRNA sequencing. The MICs of the A. junii (OTC=480ppm, TET= 540ppm), A. calcoaceticus (OTC= 540ppm, TET= 660ppm), S. aureus (OTC =780ppm, TET= 840ppm), and S. arlettae (OTC= 600ppm, TET= 540ppm) were detected respectively. It was identified that S. aureus bear tetA, tet S and tet M genes where tet A gene was detected fromA. junii, A. calcoaceticus. The resistant genes of tet M and tet S were detected in S. arlettae. Acinetobacter strains were commonly known for transmitting antibiotic resistance genes which are associated with urinary tract infections, pneumonia and wound infections. Thus, the finding of the present study shows the contamination status of antibiotics in the environment and it would lead to develop antibiotic resistance in most of the pathogenic bacteria. KeywordsA. junii, A. calcoaceticus, S. arlettae, S. aureus, Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline, antibiotic resistance, Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC)
To launder or not to launder: are there positive effects for the economies of countries who launder money?

This paper empirically examines corporate money laundering/gambling activities from a financial perspective – the impact of money laundering/gambling on firms’ financial performance. We specifically address whether the firms associated with money laundering suffer any short or long-term effects on their financial performance following the pubic release of money laundering activities. Our findings suggest that the firms that engage in money laundering/gambling activities perform better after the relative news of their money laundering becomes public (all countries except Canada).
Vermiculture in animal farming: A review on the biological and nonbiological risks related to earthworms in animal feed

Abstract Earthworms are part of natural diet of some farm animals such as poultry. They are a protein source. Unfortunately, earthworms can accumulate some toxic substances occurring in the soil and animals can be contaminated through feed containing these earthworms. The biological and nonbiological risks related to earthworms depend on the type of substrates through which they live. Earthworms are usually contaminated in polluted soil by various types of toxic and poisonous substance. The most common toxic compounds are heavy metals, pesticides and microbial toxins, which can lead to toxic or poisonous contamination of earthworms and then animals, such as poultry, fish and swine, through feeding. This risk cannot be identified in earthworm body without its destruction. But according to toxic substance targeted, there are many ways of risks detection, in soil, earthworms and animals. To protect farm animals, different technics are available. To limit heavy metal contamination, soil should be analyzed before collecting earthworms. Many treatments are available. By heating at 80°C for 2–4 h, microorganisms can be destroyed. Nevertheless, this technique needs to be adapted with certain types of bacteria whose enterotoxin withstands temperatures of 100°C for 30 min, or more. To limit all these risks, the use of earthworms reared from vermiculture can help to prevent contamination of poultry through feeding.
Investing in Ex Ante Regulation: Evidence from Pharmaceutical Patent Examination

We explore how the Patent Office may improve the quality of issued patents on "secondary" drug features by giving examiners more time to review drug-patent applications. Our findings suggest that current time allocations are causing examiners to issue low quality secondary patents on the margin. To assess the merits of expanding ex ante scrutiny of drug-patent applications at the agency, we set forth estimates of the various gains and losses associated with giving examiners more time, including reduced downstream litigation costs and added personnel expenses, along with both the static gains and dynamic innovation losses associated with earlier generic entry.
What’s in Your Gamma? Activation of The Ventral Fronto-Parietal Attentional Network in Response to Distracting Sounds

Auditory attention operates through top-down (TD) and bottom-up (BU) mechanisms that are supported by dorsal and ventral brain networks, respectively, with the main overlap in the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC). A good TD/BU balance is essential to be both task-efficient and aware of our environment, yet it is rarely investigated. Oscillatory activity is a novel method to probe the attentional dynamics with evidence that gamma activity (>30Hz) could signal BU processing and thus would be a good candidate to support the activation of the ventral BU network. MEG data were collected from 21 young adults performing the Competitive Attention Task which enables simultaneous investigation of BU and TD attentional mechanisms. Distracting sounds elicited an increase in gamma activity in regions of the BU ventral network. TD attention modulated these gamma responses in regions of the inhibitory cognitive control system: the medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. Finally, distracting-sound-induced gamma activity was synchronous between the auditory cortices and several distant brain regions, notably the lPFC. We provide novel insight into the role of gamma activity (1) in supporting the activation of the BU ventral network, and (2) in subtending the TD/BU attention balance in the prefrontal cortex.
Full-Matrix Phase Shift Migration Method for Transcranial Ultrasonic Imaging

A spectrum-domain method, called full-matrix phase shift migration (FM-PSM), is presented for transcranial ultrasound phase correction and imaging with ideal synthetic aperture focusing technology. The simulated data obtained using the pseudospectral time-domain method are used to evaluate the feasibility of the method. The experimental data measured from a 3-D printed skull phantom are used to evaluate the algorithm performance in terms of resolution, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and eccentricity comparing with the classical ray-tracing delay and sum (DAS) method. In wire imaging experiment, FM-PSM has a lateral resolution of 0.22 mm and ray-tracing DAS has a lateral resolution of 0.24 mm measured at −6-dB drop using a transducer with a center frequency of 6.25 MHz. In cylinder imaging experiment, FM-PSM has a CNR of 2.14 and ray-tracing DAS has a CNR of 1.82, which illustrates about 17% improvement. For a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${J}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-element array and an output image with pixels <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${M} \times {N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (lateral <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> axial), the computational cost of the DAS is of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${O}{(}{J} \times {M}^{{2}}\times {N}^{{2}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; on the contrary, it reduces to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${O}{(}{J} \times {M} \times {N}^{{2}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with the proposed FM-PSM. The results suggest that FM-PSM is an efficiency method for transcranial ultrasonic imaging.
PRIVACY-PRESERVATION METHODS IN BIG DATA ANALYTICS: A CASE STUDY OF TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES IN GHANA

The quantity of data obtained by numerous organizations about individuals is continuously rising. The big dimensional data are often included in data diversity sources.Mostly, data of this kind are stored in a table arrangement and involves data of raw content. Storing confidential data is a necessary task that needs a lot of awareness if the organizations associated with data are to allow the publication of data for different analyses and study purposes. Multiple attacks on privacy are connected with recording and attribute associated attacks. Many researchers and academicians have suggested preservation methods such as l-diversity, t-closeness, K-anonymity, etc. to protect the publication of individual's private data. This paper mainly focused on Preservation Techniques in Big Data Analytics: A Case study of Telecommunication companies in Ghana. The study employed multiple regression methods in analyzing the data, acquired through a closed ended questionnaire.The result revealed that all various Privacy Preservation Methods used by Telecommunications in Ghana have an important contribution to the Protection of data privacy. The result also showed a strong and positive correlation between privacy-preservation , techniques and user characteristics employed in the study since the multiple regression results explained are over 96%, and the significant level was 0.03788. We recommend that more attention should be put on these techniques to improve the privacy terms and conditions.
The Trend Distribution and Temporal Pattern Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic using GIS framework in Malaysia

Currently, the most severe infectious disease was the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in all countries in 2019 and 2020. At the end of December 2019, in Wuhan, China, there was an international cluster of cases involving Novel Coronavirus pneumonia (SARS-COV-2). The worldwide number of active cases and deaths is rising, especially in the top countries such as the United States (U.S), Brazil, and India. In Malaysia, these cases of COVID-19 have significantly decreased the number of active infections and deaths in May and June 2020. COVID-19 has had a significant effect on human life, socio-economic growth, and public relation. It is aimed at senior groups and individuals with various health conditions such as cancer, respiratory problems, diabetes, hypertension, and heart-related issues. The World Health Organization (WHO) has formally declared COVID-19 as an international emergency case. As a result, Kuala Lumpur was the most affected state in Malaysia as of 12 July 2020, followed by Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, and Johor. Regardless of the infection chain ratio, the favorable cases in each affected state of Malaysia are rising every day. The Malaysian Government attempted to split the infection chain ratio affected by COVID-19 via the lockdown definition. The research aims to use GIS software to analyze COVID-19's spatial trend distribution and temporal pattern analysis for human health. Geographic information systems (GIS) technologies have played a significant role in spatial information, spatial tracking of confirmed cases, active case, death, and discharge cases, and predicting the magnitude of the spread. Monitoring, evaluating, and planning using geospatial analysis are essential for controlling the spread of COVID-19 within the country.
Growth of Interface Region in 2D Wet Foam

This study investigates the evolution of different grain boundaries in two-dimensional wet foam (2D) together with the width and the roughness of the interface. The foam around the boundaries coarsened and became disordered. The level of the disorder increased with time over a range and is consistent with the results from previous studies on relatively ordered soap froths. Although the misorientation angle comprising the grain boundaries did not affect the evolution of the foam, the nature of the system boundaries had a significant effect on the degree of the disorder along the grain boundaries. This result is in good agreement with earlier published simulation results.