Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DCT Domain Video Watermarking - Attack Estimation and Capacity Evaluation

The first difficulty when trying to evaluate with accuracy the video watermarking capacity is the lack of a reliable statistical model for the malicious attacks. The present paper brings into evidence that the attack effects in the DCT domain are stationary and computes the corresponding pdfs. In this respect, an in-depth statistical approach is deployed by combining Gaussian mixture estimation with the probability confidence limits. Further on, these pdfs are involved in capacity computation. The experimental results are obtained on a corpus of 10 video sequences (about 25 minutes each), with heterogeneous content.
Management of HIV infection in adolescents attending inner London HIV services

Increasing numbers of HIV-infected children are now reaching adulthood and young people account for 10% of new HIV diagnosis in the UK each year. This audit of young people attending specialist and generic HIV services in Inner London in 2006 (n=39) highlights the complex medical and psychosocial needs of this patient group: 63% were diagnosed with HIV because of poor health, 39% had received more than three antiretroviral regimens, 21% had resistance to two antiretroviral classes and 32% had significant mental health problems. In addition, 45% reported to be sexually active with poor uptake of contraception other than condoms and frequent non-disclosure of their HIV status to a sexual partner.
Sharing secret using lattice construction

In this paper, a variant of (t, n) threshold secret sharing scheme is realized using a lattice model. Due to the potential quantum attacks in the future, we need to construct a secure channels for transmitting secret shares. Such channels could be modeled by a lattice based public key cryptosystem whose security is based on the worst case hardness of lattice problems. Therefore, we propose a lattice based threshold secret sharing scheme that is compatible with the platform on which the cryptosystem is built. It is shown that the proposed scheme is correct and asymptotically perfect from information theoretic point of view.
Complexity, Public Reporting, and Choice of Doctors

Health care consumers often make choices that are imperfectly informed and inconsistent with their expressed preferences. Past research suggests that these shortcomings become more pronounced as choices become more complex, through either additional options or more performance metrics. But it is unclear why this is true: Consumer choice remains a “black box” that research has scarcely illuminated. In this article, we identify four pathways through which complexity may impair consumer choice. We examine these pathways using data from an experiment in which consumers (hypothetically) selected a primary care physician. Some of the loss of decision quality accompanying more complex choice sets can be explained by consumers’ skills and decision-making style, but even after accounting for these factors, complexity undermines the quality of decision making in ways that cannot be fully explained. We conclude by discussing implications for report designers, sponsors, and policy makers aspiring to promote consumer empowerment and health care quality.
THE EFFECTIVE OF DIFFERENT EXCITATION WAVELENGTHS ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT SPECIES BASED ON FLUORESCENCE LIDAR

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) served as an active technology has been widely used in many field, and it is closely related to excitation wavelength (EW). The objective of this investigation is to discuss the performance of different EWs of LIF LiDAR in identifying plant species. In this study, the 355, 460 and 556 nm lasers were utilized to excite the leaf fluorescence and the fluorescence spectra were measured by using the LIF LiDAR system built in the laboratory. Subsequently, the principal component analysis (PCA) with the help of support vector machine (SVM) was utilized to analyse fluorescence spectra. For the three EWs, the overall identification rates of the six plant species were 80 %, 83.3 % and 90 %. Experimental results demonstrated that 556 nm excitation light source is superior to 355 and 460 nm for the classification of the plant species for the same genus in this study. Thus, an appropriate excitation wavelength should be considered when the LIF LiDAR was utilized in the field of remote sensing based on the LIF technology.
Automatic gesture segmentation based on a predictive event segmentation approach

paper presents preliminary work related to one approach for automatic gesture segmentation. We take a predictive event segmentation approach, according to which events are detected once sensor data departs significantly from an adaptive model-based predictor. During gesture execution, 3D positions of characteristic human joints are collected using a Kinect device. Data set consists of joints from interest, whose trajectories are modelled as Gaussian processes. Based on this data set, a Gaussian process based predictor is adapted and used to detect transitions between gestures. The preliminary results over the collected dataset are encouraging and illustrate the outcome of the approach.
How should chronic hepatitis B virus infection be managed in HIV-hepatitis B virus-coinfected patients not eligible for concomitant antiretroviral therapy?

The adherence to ART in both patients was optimal (100%) along the period analysed. In light of the results of the clinical evolution of the patients and their EFV plasma concentrations, the doses were individualized in order to achieve concentrations within the currently accepted therapeutic range (1–4 mg/l) [6]. The results concerning clinical efficacy, CD4 cell count and viral load, together with the evolution of the plasma concentrations determined in each control, are shown in Fig. 1.
The PVT gene frequently amplifies with MYC in tumor cells

The line of human colon carcinoma cells known as COLO320-DM contains an amplified and abnormal allele of the proto-oncogene MYC (DMMYC). Exon 1 and most of intron 1 of MYC have been displaced from DMMYC by a rearrangement of DNA. The RNA transcribed from DMMYC is a chimera that begins with an ectopic sequence of 176 nucleotides and then continues with exons 2 and 3 of MYC. The template for the ectopic sequence represents exon 1 of a gene known as PVT, which lies 50 kilobase pairs downstream of MYC. We encountered three abnormal configurations of MYC and PVT in the cell lines analyzed here: (i) amplification of the genes, accompanied by insertion of exon 1 and an undetermined additional portion of PVT within intron 1 of MYC to create DMMYC; (ii) selective deletion of exon 1 of PVT from amplified DNA that contains downstream portions of PVT and an intact allele of MYC; and (iii) coamplification of MYC and exon 1 of PVT, but not of downstream portions of PVT. We conclude that part or all of PVT is frequently amplified with MYC and that intron 1 of PVT represents a preferred boundary for amplification affecting MYC.
Theories with models of prescribed cardinalities

The Löwenheim–Skolem theorem states that if a theory has an infinite model it has models of all cardinalities greater than or equal to the cardinality of the language in which the theory is defined. A natural question is what happens if there is a model whose cardinality is less than that of the language. If κ is an infinite cardinal less than the first measurable cardinal and κ < κω, the Rabin–Keiler theorem [1, p. 139] gives an example of a theory which has a model of cardinality κ in which every element is the interpretation of a constant and all other models have cardinality μ ≥ κω. Keisler has also shown that if a theory has a model of cardinality κ it has models of all cardinalities μ ≥ κω. We will show that within the bounds of the above theorems anything can happen. The main result is as follows.
Wireless information transfer with opportunistic energy harvesting

Energy harvesting is a promising solution to prolong the operation of energy-constrained wireless networks. In particular, scavenging energy from ambient radio signals, namely wireless energy harvesting (WEH), has recently drawn significant attention. In this paper, we consider a point-to-point wireless link over the flat-fading channel subject to the time-varying co-channel interference. It is assumed that the receiver has no fixed power supplies and thus needs to replenish energy via WEH from the unintended interference and/or the intended signal sent by the transmitter. We further assume a single-antenna receiver that can only decode information or harvest energy at any given time due to the practical circuit limitation. As a result, it is important to investigate when the receiver should switch between the two modes of information decoding (ID) and energy harvesting (EH), based on the instantaneous channel and interference conditions. In this paper, we derive the optimal mode switching rule at the receiver to achieve various tradeoffs between the minimum transmission outage probability for ID and the maximum average harvested energy for EH, which are characterized by the boundary of a so-called “outage-energy” region. Moreover, for the case when the channel state information (CSI) is known at the transmitter, we investigate the joint optimization of transmit power control and scheduling for information and energy transfer with the receiver's mode switching. Our results provide useful insights to the optimal design of emerging wireless communication systems powered by opportunistic WEH.
ARC1 Is an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase and Promotes the Ubiquitination of Proteins during the Rejection of Self-Incompatible Brassica Pollen Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.009845.

ARC1 is a novel U-box protein required in the Brassica pistil for the rejection of self-incompatible pollen; it functions downstream of the S receptor kinase (SRK). Here, we show that ARC1 has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and contains several motifs that influence its subcellular localization. ARC1 can shuttle between the nucleus, cytosol, and proteasome/COP9 signalosome (CSN) when expressed in tobacco BY-2 suspension-cultured cells. However, ARC1 localization to the proteasome/CSN occurs only in the presence of an active SRK. In the pistil, ubiquitinated protein levels increase specifically with incompatible pollinations, but they do not change in ARC1 antisense-suppressed pistils. In addition, inhibition of the proteasomal proteolytic activity disrupts the self-incompatibility response. We propose that ARC1 promotes the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of compatibility factors in the pistil, which in turn leads to pollen rejection.
202 UHOD Number : 3 Volume : 22 Year : 2012 Occupation and Cancer

Occupational cancer is malignant neoplasm caused by exposures to carcinogenic agents at workplace. It is estimated that one out of every three people will subsequently develop cancer during their lifetime in industrialized countries. Undeveloped countries are also at increasing risk due to transfer of hazardous industries. An occupational cancer does not differ either pathologically or clinically from their counterparts, and treated with the same approaches as similar cancers that are not related to occupational exposures. Whereas, the identification of occupational cancers in public health terms is very important, because all occupational cancers are preventable like other occupational diseases. Physicians generally underestimate the questioning of occupational history of their patients. However, a complete and detailed query of their occupations, and the determination of agents, which they exposed in workplace simply provide us earlier diagnosis, even prevention of occupational cancers. In occupational settings, the most successful measure for the prevention of occupational cancer is the complete removal of known or suspected carcinogenic agents from the workplace. Substitution, changing production process, industrial hygiene practices and education of employees may reduce exposure levels and prevent development of cancer. So that, occupational cancers can be successfully prevented without any harm to industry.
Disruption of Focal Adhesions by Integrin Cytoplasmic Domain-associated Protein-1α*

Regulation of integrin affinity and clustering plays a key role in the control of cell adhesion and migration. The protein ICAP-1α (integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein-1α) binds to the cytoplasmic domain of the β1Aintegrin and controls cell spreading on fibronectin. Here, we demonstrate that, despite its ability to interact with β1A integrin, ICAP-1α is not recruited in focal adhesions, whereas it is colocalized with the integrin at the ruffling edges of the cells. ICAP-1α induced a rapid disruption of focal adhesions, which may result from the ability of ICAP-1α to inhibit the association of β1A integrin with talin, which is crucial for the assembly of these structures. ICAP-1α-mediated dispersion of β1A integrins is not observed with β1D integrins that do not bind ICAP. This strongly suggests that ICAP-1α action depends on a direct interaction between ICAP-1α and the cytoplasmic domain of the β1 chains. Altogether, these results suggest that ICAP-1α plays a key role in cell adhesion by acting as a negative regulator of β1integrin avidity.
Intrusion Detection System Using Kernel FCM Clustering and Bayesian Neural Network

Data safekeeping and security has been a key concern in the rapidly growing computer systems and networks. One of the recent methods for identifying any abnormal activities staging in a computer system is carried out by Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and it forms a significant portion of system defence against attacks. Various methods based on Intrusion Detection Systems have been proposed in recent years. In this paper, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) based on Fuzzy BisectorKernel Fuzzy C-means clustering technique and Bayesian Neural Network is proposed. The system contains two steps namely clustering step and classification step. In clustering step, the input dataset is grouped into clusters with the use of Fuzzy BisectorKernel Fuzzy C-means clustering (FB-KFCM). In the classification step, the centroids from the clusters are taken for training in the Bayesian Neural Network. Subsequently, test data is given to the trained network, which gives the outputs if the data is intruded or not. The proposed technique is implemented by JAVA PROGRAMMING using KDD CUP 99 dataset. The evaluation metric utilized is accuracy and comparative analysis is made to other techniques. The average accuracy value obtained is 93.91which was better than other compared techniques. The high accuracy value shows the efficiency of the proposed technique.
Prostate biopsy grading errors: A sampling problem?

Potential reasons for discordance between the Gleason score in biopsies and surgical specimens are: 1) pathological interpretation bias, and 2) sampling effects. The importance of sampling effects in grading errors was examined in a series where the number of biopsy cores obtained was high. Biopsies were obtained using a technique whereby 18 directed cores were systematically obtained and mapped out within the gland. Gleason scores from biopsies and matched prostatectomy specimens were compared among 28 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer. A pooled database from 10 series (n = 2,687) served as a baseline for comparison in the accuracy of Gleason score grading. With the present biopsy technique, an exact Gleason score match was achieved in 57% of cases, compared with the pooled database (PD) mean of 42% (P = 0.055), and was within 1 point in 93% of cases compared with 78% (PD) (P = 0.029). Upgrading of biopsies was seen in 35% of cases, compared with 43% (PD) (P = 0.19). With respect to Gleason score 7, an exact match was present in 78% of cases, compared with 63% (PD) (P = 0.17), and upgrading was 0%, compared with 20% (PD) (P = 0.07). The data suggest a significant reduction in grade errors by minimizing sampling effects, one that it is of the same order of magnitude as the reduction achieved from consensus pathologic evaluation. In our study, seven patients (25%) would have had their cancers missed altogether with sextant biopsies. Sampling effects may contribute significantly to grading errors in prostate needle biopsies, although a larger study is needed to confirm this. A methodology which adopts a higher number of cores combined with a consensus pathologic evaluation could potentially reduce grading errors substantially. The optimal number of cores remains to be determined in a larger study. Int. J. Cancer (Radiat. Oncol. Invest.) 90, 326–330 (2000). © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imatinib Mesylate in Combination with Other Chemotherapeutic Agents for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Imatinib therapy is an important contribution to the management of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Despite high rates of hematologic and cytogenetic responses to imatinib therapy, the emergence of resistance to imatinib has been recognized as a major problem in the treatment of CML. Experimental and clinical studies suggest that imatinib as a single drug may not be sufficient to eradicate BCR-ABL-positive stem cells. Therefore, whether combinations of imatinib with other agents can increase the length of molecular remission and whether such combinations can prolong survival should be determined by large-scale clinical studies. In this review, we discuss efficacious combinations for future clinical trials. These regimens combine imatinib with conventional chemotherapeutic agents or with inhibitors of other signal transduction molecules that may be preferentially activated in CML cells.
Contribution of Chlorophyll Fluorescence to the Reflectance of Leaves in Stressed Plants as Determined with the VIRAF-Spectrometer

Reflectance spectra allow the early detection of stressors causing differences in pigment content as well as changes of leaf tissue structure and photosynthetic activity. The reflectance decreased with increasing Chl content in greening bean leaves. In stressed leaves, in turn, the reflectance increased with decreasing Chl content. This also caused a shift of the red reflection rise (“red edge”) to shorter wavelengths (“blue shift”) associated with a blue shift of the inflection point of the red edge. The contribution of the red and far-red Chl fluorescence to the reflectance signal at the red edge of the spectrum and the shift of the wavelength position of the inflection point are demonstrated and discussed
Mechanisms of inverse agonism of antipsychotic drugs at the D2 dopamine receptor: use of a mutant D2 dopamine receptor that adopts the activated conformation

The antipsychotic drugs have been shown to be inverse agonists at the D2 dopamine receptor. We have examined the mechanism of this inverse agonism by making mutations in residue T343 in the base of the sixth transmembrane spanning region of the receptor. T343R, T343S and T343K mutant D2 dopamine receptors were made and the T343R mutant characterized in detail. The T343R mutant D2 dopamine receptor exhibits properties of a receptor that resides more in the activated state, namely increased agonist binding affinity (independent of G‐protein coupling and dependent on agonist efficacy), increased agonist potency in functional tests (adenylyl cyclase inhibition) and increased inverse agonist effects. The binding of agonists to the mutant receptor also shows sensitivity to sodium ions, unlike the native receptor, so that isomerization of the receptor to its inactive state may be driven by sodium ions. The binding of inverse agonists to the receptor is, however, unaffected by the mutation. We conclude that inverse agonism at this receptor is not achieved by the inverse agonist binding preferentially to the non‐activated state of the receptor over the activated state. Rather the inverse agonist appears to bind to all forms of the receptor but then renders the receptor inactive.
Digital libraries: what do users want?

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine user suggestions for digital libraries' functionality and features.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted as part of this study, in which users' suggestions for digital libraries were solicited, as well as their ranking opinions on a range of suggested digital library features.Findings – The study revealed that, regardless of users' information technology (IT) backgrounds, their expectations of digital libraries' functionality are the same. However, based on users' previous experiences with digital libraries, their requirements with respect to specific features may change.Practical implications – Involving users in digital library design should be an integral step in the process of building a digital library – in addition to the classic roles of evaluation and testing.Originality/value – In previous digital library user studies, users were involved implicitly (e.g. observed) or explicitly (e.g. diary notes). However, they were never asked t.
Serum Cystatin C Is a Major Predictor of Vancomycin Clearance in a Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Patients with Normal Serum Creatinine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. pISSN 1011-8934 eISSN 1598-6357 Serum Cystatin C Is a Major Predictor of Vancomycin Clearance in a Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Patients with Normal Serum Creatinine Concentrations
Task complexity and sources of task-related information during the observational learning process

Abstract Although research has examined the influence of various sources of task information for skill acquisition during observational learning, the results have been ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to examine sources of information in relation to the type of task. One hundred and twenty participants were randomly assigned to one of two sets of six treatment strategies: (1) all model demonstrations; (2) model demonstrations with physical practice with knowledge of performance; (3) model demonstrations with physical practice without knowledge of performance; (4) physical practice without knowledge of performance; (5) physical practice with knowledge of performance; or (6) verbal instructions only. One set learned a simple version of the task while the other set learned a more complex version. Cognitive representation and performance accuracy (spatial and temporal) were assessed. Results indicate that task type does influence the source of information to facilitate skill acquisition. The simple task benefited from model demonstrations, physical practice with knowledge of performance, or a combination of model demonstrations and practice both with and without knowledge of performance, while the complex version benefited more from a combination of model demonstrations and knowledge of performance practice. The results of this study provide an insight into the ambiguity that exists within the observational learning and motor learning literature regarding the effectiveness of information sources for motor skill acquisition.