Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The inheritance of polymorphic shell characters in partula (gastropoda).

HE land snails of the genus Partula display a rich and varied series of polymorphisms. The species, about 100 in number, which make up the genus are distributed on the “high” volcanic islands of the Pacific from the Marianas in the west to the Marquesas and Austral Islands in the east. Most of the species are confined to single islands; but within their limited distributions, they have developed an extraordinary degree of polymorphism. Present knowledge of the variation within species of Partula is based largely on the work of PROFESSOR H. E. CRAMPTON. In three large monographs he described the composition of populations inhabiting Tahiti (1 916), the Marianas (1 925) , and Moorea (1932). Almost all of the species include several color forms and one or more patterns of banding of the shell. In many instances parallel series of forms are found in different species. As one of the first scientists in the United States to appreciate the importance of Mendel’s work, PROFESSOR CRAMPTON was interested throughout his life in the problem of the relative importance of the effects of heredity and environment. He adduced evidence from his studies on Partula that variation is not produced directly by environmental influence but is the result of essentially random mutation. Moreover, although he believed in the importance of orthodox Darwinian selection, CRAMPTON (1928) considered the varieties of shell pattern and color in Partula to be “indifferent characters”, unaffected by selection. To account for the spread of such characters, he invoked the processes of recurrent mutation and migration (CRAMPTON 1932). Since the publication of CRAMPTON’S data, the polymorphism in Partula has been discussed as a possible example of random variation resulting from genetic drift (pro: HUXLEY 1942; con: CAIN and SHEPPARD 1950; FORD 1964). CRAMPTON’S arguments for a genetic basis for the polymorphism rested largely on his population data. While it is true that he obtained some information from the dissection of individuals containing embryonic snails, the scoring of most characters in utero is unreliable. CRAMPTON certainly intended to undertake the breeding of Partula in the laboratory (CRAMPTON 1929), but the work was not carried out. In this paper we are reporting data which confirm the genetic basis of some of the principal forms of Partula taeniata Morch and P. suturalis Pfeiffer. Hence we consider it appropriate to dedicate our results to the memory of PROFESSOR H. E. CRAMPTON.
Dispersive diffusion of hydrogen in a-Si:H: Influence of the film deposition temperature.

We have measured by the method of elastic-recoil detection analysis the dispersion parameter {alpha} of hydrogen diffusion in undoped {ital a}-Si:H. We find that a lowering of the deposition temperature of the films increases the value of {alpha}. This variation can also be clearly correlated with the increase of the initial concentration of weakly bound hydrogen, which is expected to reflect the disorder of the microstructure. These results will certainly contribute to the elucidation of the dispersive character of the diffusion of hydrogen in the different types of amorphous silicon.
Zur Kreditklemme: Ein Vergleich zwischen Japan

pans, ware dies eine substanzielle Beeintrachtigung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Weiterhin sind die zur Verfugung stehenden Instrumente zur Stabilisierung in Deutschland geringer. Durch die Maastricht-Kriterien sind der Fiskalpolitik Grenzen gesetzt, und die EZB wird nicht, wie die Bank of Japan, die Zinsen auf null setzen konnen (oder wollen), um Investitionen zu fordern (vgl. Sinn und Reutter 2000). Ein Vergleich der beiden Lander und eine Analyse des Kreditmarktes ist daher trotz des Grosenunterschiedes des Problems sinnvoll.
Fermeture du canal artériel par voie percutanée : analyse de l’expérience grenobloise sur les onze dernières années

Objectif : Evaluer les resultats des fermetures du canal arteriel (CA) realisees par voie percutanee au CHU de Grenoble. Materiel et methodes : Analyse retrospective des procedures de catheterisme realisee entre janvier 2005 et fevrier 2016, ayant pour objectif la fermeture d’un CA. Ont ete etudies: les resultats (reussite du geste, type de prothese, shunt residuel, complications) et la dosimetrie (temps de scopie en minutes et produit dose surface (PDS) par tranche d’âge). Resultats : 76 procedures ont ete realisees. L’âge moyen des patients etait de 5.6 ans, le poids moyen de 17.8 kg et le sex ratio de 2.5 filles pour 1 garcon. 30% des patients avaient des antecedents de prematurite, 18% des malformations associees et 29% des symptomes d’insuffisance cardiaque. Une prothese a ete mise en place dans 70 cas (92%) : 17 coils avant 2010 et 53 protheses Amplatz®. 6 echecs de fermeture : 1 deja ferme, 1 large opere secondairement, 4 petits non franchissables. Apres mise en place d’une prothese, l’occlusion complete du CA etait obtenue dans 81% des cas a J1, 90% a 1 mois et 97% a 8 mois. Le temps de scopie moyen etait de 12 min. Les PDS medians en mGy.cm2 etaient de 3767, 3180, 6950, 10325 et 28047 pour les tranches d’âge 15 ans respectivement. Toutes ces medianes sont inferieures ou egales aux resultats d’une grande cohorte americaine. Aucun deces ou effet indesirable majeur n’est a deplorer. Quatre patients ont presente des complications precoces (5%). Conclusion : La procedure etudiee donne de bons resultats avec un faible taux de complications et des niveaux d’irradiation inferieurs ou egaux aux donnees de la litterature.
The Role of Peritoneal Fibrosis in Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a serious complication of long-term continuous peritoneal dialysis therapy. The progression of EPS has been classified into four stages by Kawanishi and colleagues: pre-EPS, and the inflammatory, encapsulating, and ileus stages. The key issue is how to diagnose EPS early enough to allow for curative treatment. In this article, we review the mechanisms of peritoneal fibrosis, especially from the perspective of collagen synthesis, and the potential role of that fibrosis in the pathogenesis of EPS.
A Resolution/Tableaux Algorithm for Projective Approximations in IPC

We present an algorithm, based both on semantic tableaux and resolution, which is able to check the projectivity (exactness) of a formula in intuitionistic propositional calculus. Suitably iterated, it also computes projective approximations, thus providing best E-unifiers for the equational theory of Heyting algebras. Applications to admissible inference rules are immediate.
Malignant pleural effusion: from bench to bedside

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common but serious condition that is related with poor quality of life, morbidity and mortality. Its incidence and associated healthcare costs are rising and its management remains palliative, with median survival ranging from 3 to 12 months. During the last decade there has been significant progress in unravelling the pathophysiology of MPE, as well as its diagnostics, imaging, and management. Nowadays, formerly bed-ridden patients are genotyped, phenotyped, and treated on an ambulatory basis. This article attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of current advances in MPE from bench to bedside. In addition, it highlights unanswered questions in current clinical practice and suggests future directions for basic and clinical research in the field. This review provides up to date knowledge for malignant pleural effusion covering aspects from bench to bedside http://ow.ly/10w7vN
Localization of beta adrenergic receptors, and effects of noradrenaline and cyclic nucleotides on action potentials, ionic currents and tension in mammalian cardiac muscle

1. Isoprenaline and noradrenaline were applied iontophoretically to cardiac Purkinje fibres. Intracellular application of the drugs had no effect, while extracellular application of the same amounts of charge caused acceleration of pace‐maker activity and a shift of the plateau level of the action potential. These results indicate that β‐adrenergic receptors are located at the outside of the cardiac cell membrane.
Passively Mode-Locked Ytterbium-Doped Fiber Laser Based on SnS2 as Saturable Absorber

In this letter, tin disulfide (SnS2) nanosheets were employed as saturable absorber for obtaining passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser. A SnS2-PVA film was fabricated by incorporating the SnS2 nanosheets with the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Based on the SnS2-PVA film as saturable absorber, passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser at a central wavelength of 1062.66 nm was achieved. The 3-dB bandwidth, pulse width, pulse repetition rate, and maximum average output power were 8.63 nm, 656 ps, 39.33 MHz, and 2.23 mW, respectively. The results exhibit that SnS2 has excellent saturable absorption properties, which are equivalent to the reported two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (WS2, MoS2) and will have wide potential applications in the field of ultrafast photonics.
A statistical approach to landmine detection using broadband electromagnetic induction data

The response of time-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors, which have been used almost exclusively for landmine detection, is related to the amount of metal present in the object and its distance from the sensor. Unluckily, there is often a significant amount of metallic clutter in the environment that also induces an EMI response. Consequently, EMI sensors employing detection, algorithms based solely on metal content suffer from large false alarm rates. To mitigate this false alarm problem for mines with substantial metal content, statistical algorithms have been developed that exploit models of the underlying physics. In such models it is commonly assumed that the soil has a negligible effect on the sensor response, thus the object is modeled in "free space. " We report on studies that were performed to test, the hypotheses that for broadband EMI sensors: 1) soil cannot be modeled as free space when the buried object has low metal content and 2) advanced signal processing algorithms can be applied to reduce the false alarm rates. Our results show that soil cannot be modeled as free space and that when modeling soil correctly our advanced algorithms reduced the false alarm probability by up to a factor of 10 in blind tests.
Correction: Splenocytes Seed Bone Marrow of Myeloablated Mice: Implication for Atherosclerosis

to correct errors in the order of the figures. The publisher apologizes for the errors. Please download this article again to view the correct version. The originally published, uncorrected article and the republished, corrected article are provided here for reference. open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Proteolytic Activation of the 1918 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin

ABSTRACT Proteolytic activation of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein is indispensable for influenza virus infectivity, and the tissue expression of the responsible cellular proteases impacts viral tropism and pathogenicity. The HA protein critically contributes to the exceptionally high pathogenicity of the 1918 influenza virus, but the mechanisms underlying cleavage activation of the 1918 HA have not been characterized. The neuraminidase (NA) protein of the 1918 influenza virus allows trypsin-independent growth in canine kidney cells (MDCK). However, it is at present unknown if the 1918 NA, like the NA of the closely related strain A/WSN/33, facilitates HA cleavage activation by recruiting the proprotease plasminogen. Moreover, it is not known which pulmonary proteases activate the 1918 HA. We provide evidence that NA-dependent, trypsin-independent cleavage activation of the 1918 HA is cell line dependent and most likely plasminogen independent since the 1918 NA failed to recruit plasminogen and neither exogenous plasminogen nor the presence of the A/WSN/33 NA promoted efficient cleavage of the 1918 HA. The transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS4 was found to be expressed in lung tissue and was shown to cleave the 1918 HA. Accordingly, coexpression of the 1918 HA with TMPRSS4 or the previously identified HA-processing protease TMPRSS2 allowed trypsin-independent infection by pseuodotypes bearing the 1918 HA, indicating that these proteases might support 1918 influenza virus spread in the lung. In summary, we show that the previously reported 1918 NA-dependent spread of the 1918 influenza virus is a cell line-dependent phenomenon and is not due to plasminogen recruitment by the 1918 NA. Moreover, we provide evidence that TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 activate the 1918 HA by cleavage and therefore may promote viral spread in lung tissue.
Local Carrier Recovery Acceleration in Quantum Well Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

Based on the concept of local carrier density, intraband carrier dynamic characteristics of quantum well (QW) semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are theoretically investigated. In our numerical model, electron energy relaxation processes via electron-polar optical phonon interactions are also calculated. It is found that, the electron wave function and the subband energy separation have significant effects on electron energy relaxation rate, especially when the subband energy separation between state |1 〉 and |2 〉 is nearly the same as the longitudinal optical phonon energy, the electron energy relaxation rate in SOAs can be maximized. Finally, for comparison, we analyze the intraband effects in three different SOA samples. The effects of QW designs of SOAs on local carrier density recovery time have been discussed. The recovery time can be reduced to 700 fs from 1.5 ps when the optimized SOA sample is chosen.
Modeling of distortion compensation ineffectivity in filters for nonactive power

This paper evaluates the error in compensation due to two main limitations. The first limitation is the lagging of the compensation reference caused by the sampling and processing due to digital signal processing equipment. The second limitation is the di/dt capability of the switching converter. Models are derived to evaluate the error due to these two limitations, as well as the percentage contribution to the total ineffectivity of compensation. Experimental results confirm that the mentioned limitation that has the most detrimental effect on compensation can easily be determined with the use of the models derived in this paper.
Electrical model analysis & measurement of TSV to TSV coupling capacitance

In order to achieve high density and high performance package, Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) technology had been developed; TSVs provide a short distance and low loss structure between different stack layers. Due to the low TSVs' yield impacting the final product significantly, the suitable test method of TSVs within the process is vital to avoid products with the fault during the mass production. By virtue of the inherent capacitive characteristics, it could be detected the faulty TSVs with little area overhead for the circuit under testing. In this paper, we presented an analysis for electrical model and measurement of TSVs' coupling capacitance by different pitches. Also, we proposed the single-side test architecture and the probe technique for TSV testing. The final modeled and measured results show that this testing technique could be practically applied to the process of TSVs formation.
Meeting the Electronic Health Record "Meaningful Use" Criterion for the HL7 Infobutton Standard Using OpenInfobutton and the Librarian Infobutton Tailoring Environment (LITE)

Infobuttons are clinical decision support tools that use information about the clinical context (institution, user, patient) in which an information need arises to provide direct access to relevant information from knowledge resources. Two freely available resources make infobutton implementation possible for virtually any EHR system. OpenInfobutton is an HL7-compliant system that accepts context parameters from an EHR and, using its knowledge base of resources and information needs, generates a set of links that direct the user to relevant information. The Librarian Infobutton Tailoring Environment (LITE) is a second system that allows institutional librarians to specify which resources should be selected in a given context by OpenInfobutton. This paper describes the steps needed to use LITE to customize OpenInfobutton and to integrate OpenInfobutton into an EHR.
Complication Rates of Diagnostic Angiography Performed by Vascular Surgeons

The objective of this study was to compare the complication rates of diagnostic angiography performed by vascular surgeons to those previously published by interventional radiologists. From May 1999 through August 2000, 3 board-certified vascular surgeons performed 224 endovascular procedures in a modern endovascular suite. Of these 224 procedures, 144 were diagnostic angiographies. A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify periprocedural complications of these angiographies. The patients were classified into 3 groups according to the indication for angiography, and the major and overall complication rates were tabulated. The complication rates for the initial 25 and subsequent 119 arteriographies were compared to evaluate the presence of a learning curve. Thirty-eight percent of angiographies were performed to define aneurysmal anatomy (type I), 51% to define peripheral arterial stenosis or occlusion (type II), and 12% to assess symptomatic carotid artery disease or mesenteric ischemia (type III). The major complication rates for these 3 types were 0%, 2.7%, and 5.9%, respectively, and showed no statistical difference (Fischer's exact test) compared to published rates of 0.7%, 2.9%, and 9.1%. Major complications included an external iliac artery dissection, a cerebral air embolus, and a deep venous thrombosis. The overall major complication rate was 2.1%, which compares to published rates of 1.9-2.9%. The major complication rates for the initial 25 and final 119 were 8% and 0.8%, respectively. Vascular surgeons can perform diagnostic angiography with acceptable complication rates. The complication rate is reduced with angiographic experience.
Hair dye use and risk of fatal cancers in U.S. women.

BACKGROUND Permanent hair dyes are used by about one third of adult American women. Several epidemiologic studies associate hair dye use with increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. In one study, risk increased with more prolonged exposure to darker, more concentrated, permanent dyes. PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to examine the relationship between hair dye use and development of certain cancers associated with hair dye use in previous studies. METHODS We examined prospectively the relationship between the use of permanent hair dyes and selected fatal cancers in 573,369 women. The participants provided information in 1982 on the frequency and duration of hair dye use and the color of hair dye used. Death rates were measured through 1989. Relative risks (RRs) were computed with subjects who had not used hair dyes serving as the referent group, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated on the basis of approximate-variance formulas. RESULTS Women who had ever used permanent hair dyes showed decreased risk of all fatal cancers combined (RR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.89-0.98) and of urinary system cancers (RR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.49-0.87) and no increase in risk of any type of hematopoietic cancer. Women who had used black hair dyes for 20 years (0.6% of women hair dyers) or more had increased risk of fatal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR = 4.37; 95% CI = 1.3-15.2) and multiple myeloma (RR = 4.39; 95% CI = 1.1-18.3). These positive findings are based on three cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and two cases of multiple myeloma. We found no relationship between use of permanent hair dyes and fatal cancers of the mouth, breast, lung, bladder, or cervix, areas that were of interest as the result of earlier studies. CONCLUSIONS Women using permanent hair dyes are not generally at increased risk of fatal cancer. Women with prolonged use of dark, particularly black, hair dyes may have increased risk of fatal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma, but these women are a small fraction of hair dye users. Nonetheless, the removal of carcinogens from hair dyes and appropriate labeling of hair-coloring products would help reduce this potential risk.
G1/S cell cycle arrest provoked in human T cells by antibody to CD26

CD26 is T cell costimulatory molecule with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) enzyme activity located in its extracellular region. The expression of CD26 is enhanced after activation of T cells, while it is preferentially expressed on a subset of CD4+ memory T cells in the resting state. In this paper, we demonstrate that binding of the soluble anti‐CD26 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1F7 inhibits human T‐cell growth and proliferation in both CD26‐transfected Jurkat T‐cell lines and human T‐cell clones by inducing G1/S arrest, which is associated with enhancement of p21Cip1 expression. This effect depends on the DPPIV enzyme activity of the CD26 molecule. Moreover, we show that expression of p21Cip1 after treatment with the anti‐CD26 mAb 1F7 appears to be induced through activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. These data thus suggest that anti‐CD26 treatment may have potential use in the clinical setting involving activated T cell dysregulation, including autoimmune disorders and graft‐vs.‐host disease.
High current density — Long life cathodes for high frequency applications

Sintered tungsten wire cathodes offer the promise of high current density operation with very long life time. The fabrication technique provides controlled porosity for diffusion of barium and oxygen to the emission surface for work function reduction. The diffusion rate can be controlled depending on the current emission density requirement. The barium mixture is contained in a reservoir to provide extremely long lifetimes. This presentation will review the fabrication process and present the latest test results.