Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting user intent from search queries using both CNNs and RNNs

Predicting user behaviour on a website is a difficult task, which requires the integration of multiple sources of information, such as geo-location, user profile or web surfing history. In this paper we tackle the problem of predicting the user intent, based on the queries that were used to access a certain webpage. We make no additional assumptions, such as domain detection, device used or location, and only use the word information embedded in the given query. In order to build competitive classifiers, we label a small fraction of the EDI query intent prediction dataset \cite{edi-challenge-dataset}, which is used as ground truth. Then, using various rule-based approaches, we automatically label the rest of the dataset, train the classifiers and evaluate the quality of the automatic labeling on the ground truth dataset. We used both recurrent and convolutional networks as the models, while representing the words in the query with multiple embedding methods.
Altitude, habitat type and herbivore damage interact in their effects on plant population dynamics

Insects represent one of the most abundant groups of herbivores, and many of them have significant impacts on the dynamics of plant populations. As insects are very sensitive to changes in climatic conditions, we hypothesize that their effects on plant population dynamics will depend on climatic conditions. Knowledge of the variation in herbivore effects on plant population dynamics is, however, still rather sparse. We studied population dynamics and herbivore damage at the individual plant level of Salvia nubicola along a wide altitudinal gradient representing a range of climatic conditions. Using integral projection models, we estimated the effect of changes in herbivore pressure on plant populations in different climates and habitat types. Since we recorded large differences in the extent of herbivore damage along the altitudinal gradient, we expected that the performance of plants from different altitudes would be affected to different degrees by herbivores. Indeed, we found that populations from low altitudes were better able to withstand increased herbivore damage, while populations from high altitudes were suppressed by herbivores. However, the pattern described above was evident only in populations from open habitats. In forest habitats, the differences in population dynamics between low and high altitudes were largely diminished. The effects of herbivores on plants from different altitudes were thus largely habitat specific. Our results indicate potential problems for plant populations from high altitudes in open habitats because of increased herbivore damage. However, forest habitats may provide refuges for the plants at these high altitudes.
A Survey On Optimal Tuning Of PID Controller For Buck-Boost converter Using Cuckoo-Search Algorithm

The concept of global warming has become a very big issue due to the rise in the level of consumption of energy. So the increased efficiency rate of consumption of energy is an inevitable factor in our modern society. Many applications is in need of a high efficient system. So inorder to attain high efficiency, commonly dc-dc converters are being used. This paper reveals the study of various dc-dc converters and the controllers which is used to control the dc-c converters for efficient applications. Among the different dc-dc converters, the buck-boost converter is special because it has both step-up and step-down modes. So a study of various buck-boost converters was carried out and the simplest and most efficient with fewer losses was found. A survey on various control technique that can be used for efficient control of the buck-boost converter was done. PID controller technique was deeply studied and different tuning algorithms was analyzed. These algorithms was compared with each other by considering their performance and optimization ability in limited time period.
Residue detection in the large intestine from colonoscopy video using the support vector machine method

As colonoscopy is the gold standard screening test for colorectal cancer, studies of applying image processing to colonoscopy video are increasing. When performing colonoscopy or applying image processing to colonoscopy video, the presence of a residue in the large intestine is a negative affecting factor. In this reason, the colonoscopist evaluates and records the colon cleanliness after performing colonoscopy. However, these assessments can be influenced by the subjectivity of the colonoscopist. In order to quantify the frequency of residues in the large intestine, we applied image processing and machine learning techniques to the digital images obtained from colonoscopy. Support vector machine technique was applied to distinguish informative frames from colonoscopy videos, and to classify residue frames and the others. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were evaluated for five patients.
Application Specific Integrated Gate-Drive Circuit for Driving Self-Oscillating Gallium Nitride & Logic-Level Power Transistors

Wide bandgap power semiconductors are key enablers for increasing the power density of switch-mode power supplies. However, they require new gate drive technologies. This paper examines and characterizes a fabricated gate-driver in a class-E resonant inverter. The gate-driver’s total area of 1.2mm2 includes two high-voltage transistors for gate-driving, integrated complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) gate-drivers, high-speed floating level-shifter and reset circuitry. A prototype printed circuit board (PCB) was designed to assess the implications of an electrostatic discharge (ESD) diode, its parasitic capacitance and package bondwire connections. The parasitic capacitance was estimated using its discharge time from an initial voltage and the capacitance is 56.7 pF. Both bondwires and the diode’s parasitic capacitance is neglegible. The gate-driver’s functional behaviour is validated using a parallel LC resonant tank resembling a self-oscillating gate-drive. Measurements and simulations show the ESD diode clamps the output voltage to a minimum of –2V.
The courses of maternal and paternal depressive and anxiety symptoms during the prenatal period in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort study

Maternal prenatal symptoms of depression and anxiety have been suggested to impose differential effects on later offspring development, depending on their characteristics, such as timing, intensity and persistence. Paternal symptoms have been less investigated. While knowledge on these trajectory characteristics is essential for improved comprehension of prenatal stress, prospective studies including both expecting parents have been scarce. We aim at identifying and comparing the trajectories of prenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms in both parents in a pregnancy cohort design. The sample included 3202 mothers and 2076 fathers who were recruited to the FinnBrain Birth Cohort study (www.finnbrain.fi). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and general anxiety by the anxiety scale of the Symptom Checklist -90 (SCL-90) repeatedly at 14, 24, and 34 gestational weeks. Five differential depressive and four anxiety symptom trajectories were identified across pregnancy both in mothers and in fathers. The trajectories of consistently low depressive or anxiety symptoms were associated with higher educational level in both parents, and with nulliparity and non-smoking during pregnancy in mothers. Parents with consistently high or increasing levels of symptoms had more often prenatal SSRI medication. The congruences between elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms at any point in pregnancy, as well as parental trajectories within families were low. However, in this population-based sample, the self-reported symptom levels of both parents were generally very low. Variance in timing and persistence of parent-reported prenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms is potentially important, while symptom trajectories are very similar in mothers and fathers. These differential symptom trajectories and the significance of their correlates should be acknowledged when studying prenatal stress exposures and the related outcomes in children.
Method of CS-IC Detection in the Grant-Free NOMA System

With the development of mobile communications and the Internet of Things, non-orthogonal multiple access (NO-MA) may be one of the candidates for 5G. In the uplink NOMA system, there are a large number of connected users with multiuser detection, fewer active users and sparse signals in a certain time duration. In this paper, we propose a compressive sensing based multi-user interference cancellation (CS-IC) method to detect the active users and data of the grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access (GF-NOMA) system. It greatly reduces the signaling overhead and control transmission delay, because the active users do not send the active status information to the base station and do not need to interact with the base station in advance. Simulation results show that the proposed CS-IC multiuser detection can obtain much better BLER performance than the IC and MMSE-IC multi-user detection, greatly improving the spectrum efficiency.
Distinctive Nuclear Features of Dinoflagellates with A Particular Focus on Histone and Histone-Replacement Proteins

Dinoflagellates are important eukaryotic microorganisms that play critical roles as producers and grazers, and cause harmful algal blooms. The unusual nuclei of dinoflagellates “dinokaryon” have led researchers to investigate their enigmatic nuclear features. Their nuclei are unusual in terms of their permanently condensed nucleosome-less chromatin, immense genome, low protein to DNA ratio, guanine-cytosine rich methylated DNA, and unique mitosis process. Furthermore, dinoflagellates are the only known group of eukaryotes that apparently lack histone proteins. Over the course of evolution, dinoflagellates have recruited other proteins, e.g., histone-like proteins (HLPs), from bacteria and dinoflagellates/viral nucleoproteins (DVNPs) from viruses as histone substitutes. Expression diversity of these nucleoproteins has greatly influenced the chromatin structure and gene expression regulation in dinoflagellates. Histone replacement proteins (HLPs and DVNPs) are hypothesized to perform a few similar roles as histone proteins do in other eukaryotes, i.e., gene expression regulation and repairing DNA. However, their role in bulk packaging of DNA is not significant as low amounts of proteins are associated with the gigantic genome. This review intends to summarize the discoveries encompassing unique nuclear features of dinoflagellates, particularly focusing on histone and histone replacement proteins. In addition, a comprehensive view of the evolution of dinoflagellate nuclei is presented.
Internal and External Loads in Training Week Before the Competition in U19 High-Level Soccer Players

Abstract Martín-López, Á, Mendes, RS, and Castillo-Rodríguez, A. Internal and external loads in training week before the competition in U19 high-level soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1766–1772, 2021—Nowadays, the information about the load in training sessions (TRs) and the relationship of these TRs with official competition are necessary to gain the sport success in soccer. The aim of this study was to quantify the different loads in TRs according to days before the competition (P-4, P-2, and P-1) on soccer players U19 based on their playing position and their sport success. Twenty-four male Spanish high-level players (age: 16.5 ± 0.5 years; height: 1.69 ± 0.04 m; and body mass: 63.0 ± 6.3 kg) participated in the study. They were grouped according to their playing position: external defenders, internal defenders (ID), external midfielders, internal midfielders (IM), and forwards (FO). To conduct the study, global positioning system technology was used, and a 1-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation were performed. The main results revealed that the highest physical and physiological responses in the TRs were shown by ID, IM, and players without sport success (p < 0.05), and during P-2. In addition, sport success is predicted by the mean heart rate (R2 = 0.33; p < 0.001). As conclusion, players covering central positions in the playing field performed higher physical and physiological demands than players covering exterior or forward positions. Furthermore, physical and physiological responses during the TRs P-2 may be similar to the responses produced in competition match and are notably different depending on the sport success of the soccer player.
Serum Nutrient Levels and Aging Effects on Periodontitis

Periodontal disease damages tissues as a result of dysregulated host responses against the chronic bacterial biofilm insult and approximately 50% of US adults >30 years old exhibit periodontitis. The association of five blood nutrients and periodontitis were evaluated due to our previous findings regarding a potential protective effect for these nutrients in periodontal disease derived from the US population sampled as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004). Data from over 15,000 subjects was analyzed for blood levels of cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, folate, vitamin D, and vitamin E, linked with analysis of the presence and severity of periodontitis. Moderate/severe disease patients had lower cis-β-carotene levels across all racial/ethnic groups and these decreased levels in moderate/severe periodontitis were exacerbated with age. β-cryptoxanthin demonstrated lower levels in severe disease patients across the entire age range in all racial/ethnic groups. Folate differences were evident across the various age groups with consistently lower levels in periodontitis patients >30 years and most pronounced in females. Lower levels of vitamin D were consistently noted across the entire age range of patients with a greater difference seen in females with periodontitis. Finally, an analytical approach to identify interactions among these nutrients related to age and periodontitis showed interactions of vitamin D in females, and folate with race in the population. These findings suggest that improving specific nutrient intake leading to elevated blood levels of a combination of these protective factors may provide a novel strategy to affect the significant increase in periodontitis that occurs with aging.
Fluidically-Tuned Reflection Oscillator at C-Band

A fluidically-tuned reflection-type oscillator using a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator is designed and tested. Frequency tuning is achieved by depositing water droplets along the transmission lines that feed the resonator and the oscillator’s load matching network. Experimental measurements show that the oscillator can be tuned over a 110 MHz band from 5.053 GHz to 4.943 GHz while its phase noise degrades by 1.2 dB from −125.2 dBc/Hz to −124 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset over the band. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to investigate the fluidic tuning of microwave oscillators.
Sclera Recognition by Density Sampling Features Based Vascular Structure Rapid Matching for Identity Identification

In this study, the effective sclera vascular characteristics identification method is developed to recognize the identity through eye images. Firstly, the proposed design uses the improved Daugman algorithm for the iris fast location. Based on the iris circle, the sclera region is quickly segmented through the color information. Next, the vascular features are enhanced by the adaptive histogram equalization and Gabor filtering process. Then the density samples are processed and the feature points are established. The dense scale-invariant feature transform (Dense-SIFT) based vectors are calculated at the neighborhood in each feature point, and the structural vascular feature matching process is enabled. Finally, the random sample consensus (RANSAC) process is applied to increase the matching efficiency, and the optimal match pair meets the corresponding relationship on the geometry, and then the recognition accuracy is improved effectively. By the dual-core PC at 2.83GHz operational frequency, the average processing time is less than 1 second, and the accuracy rate of the proposed system is up to 96%. Both the false acceptance rate (FAR) and the false rejection rate (FRR) are less than 3%.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Control for Photovoltaic Generation Using Quasi-Continuous Sliding Mode Control

This paper proposes a quasi-continuous sliding mode control for maximizing the power production of photo-voltaic generation. The admittance-based maximum power tracking method is used for obtaining a reference and quasi-continuous sliding mode control is used for mitigating the chattering behavior to help Maximum power point tracking performance and its reliability. From simulation study using MATLAB/Simulink, we validated that the proposed method outperforms the previous method.
Integration of Dynamic Voltage Support Capability of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation Systems for Transient Stability Improvement of Power Systems

In this paper, we investigate impact of dynamic voltage support (DVS) capability of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems on the transient stability. First, we investigate the effect of the DVS capability by checking sensitivity coefficients between the reactive power injection and the change in the power output of the synchronous generators. The results show that the DVS capability may deteriorate the transient stability depending on the location of the PV system and the fault. Next, we propose an event-based emergency control system using PV systems. The proposed method selects the PV systems to activate the DVS capability in advance to a fault by checking whether or not the control action by each PV system can decelerates the critical generator in center of inertia reference frame. Numerical examples show that activating the DVS capability of the selected PV systems can further improves the transient stability compared with the case of activating the DVS capability of all the PV systems.
Precoding Aided Generalized Spatial Modulation With an Iterative Greedy Algorithm

This paper divides antennas at the transmitter into several transmit antenna groups (TAGs) and extends the generalized spatial modulation (GSM) idea to a new precoding-aided multiple-input multiple-output system, which is referred to as precoding-aided GSM (PGSM) system. To mitigate the influence caused by correlated channels, we consider the interleaved grouping scheme which leads to a minimum antenna correlation within the same TAG. To select the receive antenna subset with low complexity, we propose an iterative greedy (IG) algorithm that contributes to a maximum equivalent channel gain with low-computational complexity. To reduce the complexity of maximum likelihood (ML) detector, a low complexity IG algorithm-based ML (IG-ML) detector is also derived. Simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) performance gain up to 3.5 dB is obtained by the proposed PGSM with IG-ML detector over the PGSM with an ordered block minimum mean-squared error detector at a given BER of 10−4. It is also shown that the proposed PGSM with the IG-ML detector achieves a similar BER performance in a high signal-to-noise power ratio region compared with that of an ideal precoding for the GSM with an optimal ML detector.
Synchronization of Lur’e-type Nonlinear Systems Over Networks of Linear Dynamical Systems: Lyapunov-based Singular Perturbation Approach

In the usual synchronization problems, the positive constants (or weights) are assigned to the edges of the given graph while the nodes are associated to dynamical systems. In contrast to this, this paper studies the synchronization problem where the edges are also dynamic. In particular, we assign asymptotically stable linear systems to the edges whereas a particular class of Lur'e-type nonlinear systems is associated to the corresponding nodes. Then, the synchronizability of the closed-loop system is analyzed based on the singular perturbation theory. The reduced model of the original system, i.e., the closed-loop system at the quasi-steady-state, corresponds to the Lur'e-type node systems with the edges treated as positive constants as usual, and a sufficient condition for the reduced model to be synchronized is given. Together with this, it is shown that the synchronization of the original singularly perturbed system is reached asymptotically if the reduced model synchronizes and the singular perturbation parameter is sufficiently small.
Quantitative Assessment of rPM6 for Fluorine- and Chlorine-Containing Metal Complexes: Comparison with Experimental, First-Principles, and Other Semiempirical Results

We report a reparameterization of PM6 parameters for fluorine and chlorine using our training set containing transition metal complexes. Spin unrestricted calculations with the resulting rPM6 (UrPM6) were examined quantitatively using two test sets: (i) the description of magnetic interactions in 25 dinuclear metal complexes and (ii) the prediction of barrier heights and reaction energies for epoxidation and fluorination reactions catalyzed by high-valent manganese-oxo species. The conventional UPM6 and UPM7 methods were also evaluated for comparison on the basis of either experimental or computational (the UB3LYP/SVP level) outcomes. The merits of UrPM6 are highlighted by both the test sets. As regards magnetic exchange coupling constants, the UrPM6 method had the smallest mean absolute errors from the experimental data (19 cm−1), followed by UPM7 (119 cm−1) and UPM6 (373 cm−1). For the epoxidation and fluorination reactions, all of the transition state searches were successful using UrPM6, while the success rates obtained by UPM6 and UPM7 were only 50%. The UrPM6-optimized stationary points also agreed well with the reference UB3LYP-optimized geometries. The accuracy for estimating reaction energies was also greatly remedied.
Physiological and pathophysiological roles of hypothalamic astrocytes in metabolism

The role of glial cells, including astrocytes, in metabolic control has received increasing attention in recent years. Although the original interest in these macroglial cells was a result of astrogliosis being observed in the hypothalamus of diet‐induced obese subjects, studies have also focused on how they participate in the physiological control of appetite and energy expenditure. Astrocytes express receptors for numerous hormones, growth factors and neuropeptides. Some functions of astrocytes include transport of nutrients and hormones from the circulation to the brain, storage of glycogen, participation in glucose sensing, synaptic plasticity, uptake and metabolism of neurotransmitters, release of substances to modify neurotransmission, and cytokine production, amongst others. In the hypothalamus, these physiological glial functions impact on neuronal circuits that control systemic metabolism to modify their outputs. The initial response of astrocytes to poor dietary habits and obesity involves activation of neuroprotective mechanisms but, with chronic exposure to these situations, hypothalamic astrocytes participate in the development of some of the damaging secondary effects. The present review discusses not only some of the physiological functions of hypothalamic astrocytes in metabolism, but also their role in the secondary complications of obesity, such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular affectations.