Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instability Induced by Ultraviolet Light in ZnO Thin-Film Transistors

We investigate the electrical properties of ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) under the ultraviolet (UV) light illumination to clarify the device reliability. The ON/OFF current ratio of ZnO TFTs shows an evident reduction due to the creation of UV photo-induced current. This behavior degradation becomes severe for devices exposed to a short-wavelength UV light. The persistent photoconductivity is observed in ZnO TFTs under the UV illumination with a much slower decay for the ON-state than the OFF-state, which is attributed to the reduced recombination under a positive gate bias. The UV light instabilities of ZnO TFTs can be explained on the basis of UV photoexcited oxygen vacancies. A feasible mechanism model is proposed in this paper. These observations and analytical model not only provide useful physical insight into the device behaviors, but also offer basic design guideline for oxide TFTs.
A Business Case for ISP Peering

During the recent economic turmoil, Internet Service Providers are looking for ways to reduce the costs associated with providing Internet services. Chief among their costs is telecommunications costs, the cost of getting traffic to the networks that make up the Internet. Discussions with ISP Peering Coordinators identified Internet Service Provider (ISP) "Peering" as one of the most effective methods of reducing telecommunications costs for ISPs. The ISP Peering Coordinator's job is to establish and effectively manage this interconnection between ISPs. Goals include maximizing efficiency and minimizing the costs of interconnection. As demonstrated in the "Internet Service Providers and Peering " earlier work, this job requires a rare combination of technical and business acumen with good people and negotiating skills. This paper introduces the ISP Peering Coordinators terminology and the tools and analysis typically used. We demonstrate these tools with a specific implementation, and then generalize them in the form of a "Peering Break Even Analysis Graph. " The financial models are included in the appendix so the reader can adjust the cost components to match their environment. This paper presents a business case for Internet Service Provider Peering based on current practices and market prices.
Evaluation of the impact of 2 years of a dosing intervention on canine echinococcosis in the Alay Valley, Kyrgyzstan

SUMMARY Echinococcosis is a re-emerging zoonotic disease in Kyrgyzstan. In 2012, an echinococcosis control scheme was started that included dosing owned dogs in the Alay Valley, Kyrgyzstan with praziquantel. Control programmes require large investments of money and resources; as such it is important to evaluate how well these are meeting their targets. However, problems associated with echinococcosis control schemes include remoteness and semi-nomadic customs of affected communities, and lack of resources. These same problems apply to control scheme evaluations, and quick and easy assessment tools are highly desirable. Lot quality assurance sampling was used to assess the impact of approximately 2 years of echinococcosis control in the Alay valley. A pre-intervention coproELISA prevalence was established, and a 75% threshold for dosing compliance was set based on previous studies. Ten communities were visited in 2013 and 2014, with 18–21 dogs sampled per community, and questionnaires administered to dog owners. After 21 months of control efforts, 8/10 communities showed evidence of reaching the 75% praziquantel dosing target, although only 3/10 showed evidence of a reduction in coproELISA prevalence. This is understandable, since years of sustained control are required to effectively control echinococcosis, and efforts in the Alay valley should be and are being continued.
A Secure Multi-Weighted Keyword Ranking Search on Encrypted Cloud Data

Cloud computing is one of the most increasing one with the increase no. of cloud users. In today’s environment every user wants to store and access their data at any time and at anywhere. Cloud storage system allows users to access their stored data using several virtual machines. Due to this scalable nature, the clouds are vulnerable and possible for several security and privacy issues. In order to provide the privacy and security for the encrypted data, a new framework is proposed. The proposed framework is named as “PASS” (Privacy And Secure data Search”). The proposed PASS framework identifies security and privacy issues in cloud environment. The PASS framework helps to protect the user search privacy and content security over encrypted data. Compared with the existing schemes, the scheme only need to check a small portion of ranked indexes in a results and, thus, greatly reduces the verification cost. The PASS framework consist many algorithms and techniques, which are i) Hidden vector encryption algorithm, this contains the set of processes such as (Setup, Encrypt, KeyGen, indexing and verification) ii). Adaptive Agglomerative Clustering (AAC), this used to group the documents based on its similarity nature. iii) Dynamic Hash Tree with sporadic is used to update the indexing process. This will improve the search efficiency. iv) Bloom filter and bloom search for fast document search, this will adequately helps to handle huge number of clients in the common cloud environment. And the PASS scheme supports different multiweighted keyword semantics over encrypted information and this also verifies the integrity of the order within the search result. The proposed system aims to achieve high security and privacy for cloud data with increased search efficiency, accuracy and time
Secular trends affect timing of emergence of permanent teeth.

OBJECTIVE To examine the expression of possible secular trend in timing of the emergence of permanent teeth in Finnish children over the past few decades, considering the differences between genders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two age groups of Finnish children, one born in 1976-1985 (group 1980) and the other born in 1999-2002 (group 2000), were examined. Group 2000 comprised 483 children (235 girls and 248 boys) aged 6.4 to 8.5 years at the time of the examination, and the same children were examined at the age of 9.0 to 11.8 years. Altogether 405 children could be recalled, 196 girls and 209 boys. For comparison, matching age groups were selected from the group 1980 data (n = 1579), resulting in a sample of 312 children (155 girls and 157 boys) aged 6.4 to 8.5 years and 393 children aged 9.0 to 11.8 years. The emergence stage of each permanent tooth was determined clinically (Grades 0-3), based on which the subjects were furthermore divided according to the emergence stage of the dentition. RESULTS Linear regression models showed that the permanent teeth of the first phase of the mixed dentition erupted earlier in group 2000 than in group 1980, but the teeth of the second phase of the mixed dentition erupted later in group 2000. Girls showed more advanced tooth eruption than boys. CONCLUSION The longer duration of mixed dentition in group 2000 than in group 1980 makes the duration of combined follow-up and active treatment longer, and should be considered in timing of efficient orthodontic treatment.
Design and evaluation of a parallel neighbor algorithm for the disjunctively constrained knapsack problem

We investigate the use of a parallel computing model for solving the disjunctively constrained knapsack problem. This parallel approach is based on a multi‐neighborhood search. In this approach, search threads asynchronously exchange information about the best solutions and use the information to guide the search. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated on the set of the standard benchmark instances. We show encouraging results and compare them to the state‐of‐the‐art solutions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occurrence of Adverse Effects and High Amantadine Concentrations With Influenza Prophylaxis in the Nursing Home

Amantadine, in a dose of 100 mg/day, is recommended for influenza prevention in older nursing home residents. We studied an influenza prevention protocol in a 98‐bed community nursing home (96% female; mean age = 87.4 years). Fifty‐five residents received amantadine when influenza A was confirmed. Although no further influenza cases were diagnosed, 22% experienced adverse events. Dose in mg/kg/day was significantly higher in the group experiencing adverse events (2.24 ± 0.98 vs 1.76 ± 0.35; P < .01). Amantadine concentrations in 32 residents ranged from 128–5,810 ng/mL. Six residents had amantadine concentrations greater than 1,000 ng/mL. Seventy‐eight percent would have qualified for further dose reduction on the basis of estimated creatinine clearance. The results suggest that adverse events may be an important problem with the 100 mg/day dose, and this dose may be excessive for influenza prophylaxis in many nursing home residents.
Quality of raw materials from different regions of Minas Gerais State utilized in ration industry

The present work aimed at evaluating the quality of raw materials destined for animal feed production, as well as the quality of corn produced in different areas of the Minas Gerais State. The study was conducted in a feed mill for poultry, with production capacity of 1,000 t d-1. Samples of corn, soybean, flours, animal meals, and feed, during the year of 2008 were collected for analysis of moisture, acidity, peroxides, crude protein, ethereal extract, and physical classification of the corn for "type". The collection of samples, physical-chemical analysis and classification of corn according to "type" were performed at the Industrial Laboratory and at the Department of Agricultural Engineering of Federal University of Vicosa. It was concluded that: raw materials meet the minimum demands of quality (with regards to physical-chemical and nutritional aspects); the corn grains and some by-products present high indexes of moisture and are subject to microbiological contamination during storage; the corn produced in the different areas of Minas Gerais State can be classified as "type 1" for commercialization.
Distribution of an intravenous injectable nimodipine nanosuspension in mice

The distribution of an intravenous injectable nimodipine nanosuspension with mean particle size of both 300 and 650 nm in mice was systemically investigated compared with that of a nimodipine ethanol formulation (Nimotop) and a nanosuspension coated with Tween‐80. The results showed that the 650‐nm nanoparticles provided significantly higher drug concentrations in the liver, spleen and lungs because of their capture by Kupffer cells in the mononuclear phagocyte system, but lower drug concentrations in the brain compared with Nimotop and smaller nanoparticles. These nanoparticles failed to give increased brain concentrations even when coated with Tween‐80. The 300‐nm nanoparticles could effectively increase drug concentrations in the brain and remarkably reduce drug concentrations in the liver, spleen and lungs, indicating that the nimodipine nanosuspension may be a promising formulation with no ethanol, but the particle size must be small.
Design and Implementation of a Space Environment Simulation Toolbox for Small Satellites

This paper presents a developed toolbox for space environment model in SIMULINK that facilitates development and design of Attitude Determination and Control Systems (ADCS) for a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) spacecraft. The toolbox includes, among others, models of orbit propagators, disturbances, Earth gravity field, Earth magnetic field and eclipse. The structure and facilities within the toolbox are described and exemplified using a student satellite case (AAUSAT-II). The validity of developed models is confirmed by comparing the simulation results with the realistic data obtained from the Danish Orsted satellite.
An ideal averaged model of the C2B converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode

An averaged state-space model of the coupled inductor double boost converter (C2B) operating in discontinuous conduction mode and without considering losses is presented in this paper. Differential equations depend on the time intervals lasted by the interchange of energy between the magnetic elements. Thus, expressions that permit to estimate those values as a function of the averaged states are proposed. A condition to determine the conduction mode of the circuit according to the load current and the duty cycle of the switch is also developed. Finally, transient and steady-state responses given by the model are compared to those obtained by simulating the converter.
Institutional Investor Activism in a Context of Concentrated Ownership and High Private Benefits of Control: The Case of Italy

This is a draft chapter for a forthcoming volume, The Research Handbook on Shareholder Power, edited by Randall Thomas and Jennifer Hill (Cheltenham:Edward Elgar). This chapter describes the experience with activist institutional investors in an apparently unfavorable corporate environment (Italy), commonly depicted as one of concentrated ownership, notoriously inadequate legal protection for minority shareholders and an apparent disregard for their interests by controlling shareholders. We document a non-negligible volume of “core” active institutional investment, together with some idiosyncratic forms of activism (the appointment of “minority” directors on the boards of Italian listed companies). We attempt to evaluate whether what we see is genuine shareholder-value oriented activism or a strategy to engage in a privileged relationship with controlling shareholders, in order to share in private benefits of control extraction. We find no sufficient evidence to support a “dark side” view of shareholder activism, at least as a general explanation. Instead, we provide recent anecdotal evidence of initiatives effectively aimed to curb the extraction of private benefits by dominant shareholders.
Export-Oriented FDI, the Euro, and EU Enlargement

Since 1999, the UK’s share of FDI heading into Europe has declined dramatically, while the Euro-Zone’s share has increased. I argue that the timing of this divergence is not coincidental. The formation of the Euro-Zone has eliminated nominal exchange rate volatility between member-states, increasing export market access intra-union. For source countries outside of Europe, Euro-Zone countries have become more attractive destinations for export-oriented FDI, as operations within the union are insulated from currency fluctuations. As exchange rate volatility between a non-Euro country and local export markets increases, or as the market size of the euro-zone increases, more and more investment will be diverted towards Euro-Zone countries. This theory is tested in two stages using detailed data on the operations of foreign affiliates of US multinationals across seventeen European countries from 1983 – 2004. A host country’s export market access is first estimated with an augmented gravity model. This export series is then included in a dynamic panel with US to host market exchange rate volatility and a range of FDI determinants to explain inflows of FDI from the US to European countries. Potential endogeneity issues are addressed using the Arellano and Bond (1991) GMM procedure. The ability to export from a particular host country has a positive and significant effect on inflows of FDI. Additionally, unobserved features of Euro-Zone membership (beyond the elimination of currency risk) have a positive effect on inflows. A counterfactual experiment sheds light on how much FDI the UK “lost” by not adopting the euro in 1999. Re-estimating the trade and FDI relations under the assumption that the UK had adopted the euro, I estimate that the UK has lost approximately $33 billion (2% of GDP) worth of FDI from the US. Similarly, the flight of FDI to the new EU accession countries has been slowed by these countries staying out of the Euro-Zone. * Department of Economics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. The author would like to thank Bob Chirinko, Elena Pesavento, Zheng Liu, Stefan Krause, Richard Luger, and seminar participants at the Emory University Macro Lunch Series and the Southern Economic Association Conference for their invaluable comments and assistance. Please send any correspondence to the author at hfoad@mail.sdsu. edu or 619-5948495.
A High-Level Thermal Model-Based Task Mapping for CMPs in Dark-Silicon Era

The chip multiprocessor (CMP) thermal issue impacting the system reliability and cooling cost has become a limiting factor for chip scaling and attracted growing attentions in the dark-silicon era. We propose a thermal-aware thread-to-core mapping method for CMPs under the dark-silicon constraint. We first propose a high-level spatial-temporal information-based thermal model to capture the relationship between the mapping result and the system thermal distribution. Then, we develop a thermal-aware mapping algorithm, which can automatically assign threads to proper cores based on the proposed model. Finally, we evaluate our method through simulations. Compared with three other mapping methods, namely, random, network-on-chip (NoC)-sprinting and round-robin, our thermal-priority design decreases the peak temperature by up to 4.31 K while showing good communication performance (34.7% of improvement against random and 50.3% against NoC sprinting, and only 6.3% of degradation against round robin); and our latency-priority design achieves the best communication performance with an improvement up to 62.6% and a satisfactory thermal profile.
A Structural Model of the Term Structure of Credit Spreads with Stochastic Recovery and Contractual Design

This paper presents an alternative modelling of the term structure of the credit spreads under a structural approach. We rely upon the barrier option pricing frameworkto price a corporate zero-coupon bond with a stochastic present value of the recovery consistent with the evidence on the business cycle effects. Stochastic interest rates are therefore introduced through a two-factor model of the term structure of interest rates that impacts the assets value of the firm. Comparative statics with similar models such as Briys and de Varenne [1997] are provided thereafter. The pricing model is then shown to be related to the corporate context of an external funding requirement of an investment project leading to endogenous values of the dividend payout rate and the default threshold value. Finally, the asset volatility, which accounts for much of the credit risk in this class of models, is related to the stock market volatility through a backward use of the model therefore adding to its tractability whiletaking advantage of the liquidity and information dissemination in stock markets.
Inappropriate use of commercial Antinuclear Antibody Testing in a community-based US hospital: a retrospective study

Healthcare providers use antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) to screen and diagnose patients with autoimmune diseases. In the recent years, commercial multiplex ANA kits have emerged as a convenient and fast diagnostic method. Diagnostic testing should follow sequenced algorithms: initial screen followed by specific antibody analysis. Second-level testing as an initial screen for autoimmune disease is inappropriate. We reviewed 68 patients with ANA comprehensive panels over a 6-month period from May 2015 to October 2015. We assessed appropriateness and estimated incurred losses from inappropriate testing. We found 92.6% (63 out of 68) of the ANA comprehensive panel results to be negative. Incurred losses from inappropriate ANA comprehensive panel testing were $66,000. Physicians should become familiar with ANA-sequenced diagnostic algorithms to avoid unnecessary higher level testing.
CXCL12 and CCL20 Play a Significant Role in Mucosal T‐Lymphocyte Adherence to Intestinal Microvessels in Mice

Objective: Although it is known that the chemokines CXCL12 and CCL20 are expressed in the intestine, their contribution to lymphocyte homing has not been investigated in detail. The authors investigated whether the CXCL12‐CXCR4 and CCL20‐CCR6 systems are involved in T lymphocyte–endothelial interaction in microvessels of the small and large intestines.
Evaluation of intranasal vaccine administration and high-dose interferon- α2b therapy for treatment of chronic upper respiratory tract infections in shelter cats

Clinical signs of upper respiratory tract infection can be hard to manage in cats, particularly those in shelters. In this study, clinical data were collected from chronically ill (3–4 weeks’ duration) cats with suspected feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) or feline calicivirus (FCV) infections after administration of one of two novel therapies. Group A cats were administered a commercially available formulation of human interferon-α2b at 10,000 U/kg subcutaneously for 14 days, and group B cats were administered one dose of a FHV-1 and FCV intranasal vaccine. Molecular assays for FHV-1 and FCV were performed on pharyngeal samples, and a number of cytokines were measured in the blood of some cats. A clinical score was determined daily for 14 days, with cats that developed an acceptable response by day 14 returning to the shelter for adoption. Those failing the first treatment protocol were entered into the alternate treatment group. During the first treatment period, 8/13 cats in group A (61.5%) and all 12 cats in group B (100%) had apparent responses. The seven cats positive for nucleic acids of FHV-1 or FCV responded favorably, independent of the treatment group. There were no differences in cytokine levels between cats that responded to therapy or failed therapy. Either protocol assessed here may be beneficial in alleviating chronic clinical signs of suspected feline viral upper respiratory tract disease in some cats that have failed other, more conventional, therapies. The results of this study warrant additional research involving these protocols.
The Influence of Fundamental Factors on Chinese Residential Real Estate Prices: A Unique Data Panel Study

Using a unique set of quarterly residential real estate price data for 12 major Chinese cities during the period from 1999 to 2010, this paper employs both relative measures and well-specified regression models to examine the impact of key fundamental factors on home prices. Our empirical results confirm that per capita GDP growth, average wage rates, land prices, population, and implicit user costs have a significant and positive influence on Chinese residential real estate prices, with land prices and implicit user costs having the greatest impact.
Summarizing Solvation Effects on Antibody Structure and Function

Protein interactions at the atomic-scale are influenced by the solvent microenvironment, playing a role in molecular recognition by modulating a direct relationship between biological (macroscopic solvent) function and effects on protein binding mechanisms. The antibody molecule is a prototypical protein for understanding molecular recognition, binding and evolution in function. The first order biological function of antibodies is to bind to antigens. While a wealth of knowledge accumulated in understanding solvent mediated antibody structure stability, the role of solvent and its relationship to evolution (i.e., affinity maturation or antigen mimicry) and antibody polyspecificity is poorly understood. Recently, we examined how the solvent microenvironment affects antibody flexibility and the molecular interactions that define the recognition of the neolactoseries antigen Lewis Y (LeY), designated tumor-antigen associated with several solid cancers. In particular, we were interested in how antibodies that are close in sequence to antibody germline genes can distinguish glycans considering the effect of solvent microenvironment on the recognition process. Here, we place our results in context of a broader viewpoint of antibody interactions and significance in developing antibody-based therapeutics. Journal of Nature and Science (JNSCI), 3(7):e402, 2017