Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymeric Binders Activated with Sodium Aluminate

Properties and characteristics of sodium silicate activated fly-ash-based geopolymers have been extensively investigated, but the utilization of sodium aluminate activation has received little attention. The present work, therefore, examines the properties of the starting materials and sodium aluminate solutions and their effect on the final material properties and microstructure of fly-ash-based geopolymers. To achieve this, starting sodium aluminate solutions were characterized with ATR-FTIR and 27Al NMR spectroscopies to determine the coordination state of aluminum as a function of solution concentration and [OH]/[Al] ratio. Various fly-ash-based geopolymeric matrixes were synthesized utilizing fly ash, kaolinite, K-feldspar, and slag as the mineral aluminum sources. The matrixes were activated with alkali silicate or alkali aluminate solutions as a function of pH, concentration, and alkali ion (Na+ or K+). FTIR and XRD studies combined with compressive strength tests demonstrated that in certain cases.
Hydrogen Generation for 500 hours by Photoelectrolysis of Water using GaN

We confirmed that GaN photocatalyst with NiO cocatalyst (GaN-NiO) continuously produced hydrogen from water for 500 hours without any extra bias. The GaN-NiO photocatalyst was hardly etched and 184-mL hydrogen gas was produced from the electric charge of 1612 coulombs, the Faradic efficiency of which was 89.2%. The conversion efficiency from incident light energy to hydrogen chemical energy was 0.98% in average for 500 h. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) was 50% at 300 nm and 35% at 350 nm after the experiment, which was much higher than those of other semiconductor-based photocatalysts.
Diagnosis of Type IllHyperlipoproteinemia

Sera of normal subjects and of patients with different typesof hyperlipoproteinemiawere dividedintofive groups accordingto the amountof intermediate lipoproteins in the f3-pre-f3-region after electrophoresis of serum and the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)fraction. These sera were further studied as to the lipid composition of their VLDL and as to the outcome of different diagnostic tests for type Ill hyperlipoproteinemia. Application of the diagnostic methods revealed that the percentage of positive findingsgradually increasedfrom group ito 5. (loup 5 met all the criteria and the patients in this groupwere therefore characterizedas havingtype Ill hyperlipoproteinemia.The patientsin group4, althoughnot meetingall the criteria for type Ill, were nevertheless considered as such, the electrophoretic patternbeingdecisive.The resultssuggestthat two different forms of type III may exist. The results of the methods used for the diagnosis of type Ill hyperlipoproteinemia appeared to be related to the serum concentrations of cholesterolandtriglycerides.During therapy, there are changesin the electrophoretic characteristics of serum and the VLDL-fraction of patients with type Ill hyperlipoproteinemia; polyanion precipitation becomes less frequently positive and the ratios VLDL-cholesterol/serum triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol/VLDL-triglycerides are lowered. These results give a better insight into the value of the different diagnostic criteria used for the diagnosis of type Ill hyperlipoproteinemia. Several methods are used for the diagnosis of type III byperlipoproteinemia. At first, the detection of VLDL’ with fl-mobility on paper electrophoresis was considered to be diagnostic (1). Later, other methods were introduced, based on the abnormal lipid composition of the VLDL, such as the determination of VLDL-chol/VLDL-TG (2) and VLDLchol/serum TG (3). A combined agarose gel electrophoresispolyanion precipitation method was also considered to be diagnostic for type III hyperlipoproteinemia (4). For more precise diagnosis of type III hyperlipoproteinemia, it seemed necessary to standardize the description of the electrophoretic patterns. With application of an improved agarose method, the electrophoretic behavior of the VLDL
Formulating Neem Oil Emulsion as Potent Agrochemicals Using a Binary Emulsifier System

Neem oil is a natural pesticide and has excellent insecticidal properties. Hence, in this study the efforts have been made to formulate the Neem oil emulsions which would be used as agrochemicals. In order to formulate stable Neem oil emulsions, a binary emulsifier system of Hydol-6 (Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Ether-6 moles of ethylene oxids) and Hydol-10 (Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Ether-10 moles of ethylene oxids) were employed. Stability of Neem oil emulsions as a function of concentration of Neem oil, Hydol-6, Hydol-10, the amount of water, homogenization speed, and homogenization time was studied in depth. Apart from this, it was observed that the nature of water also affects the stability of the emulsions. The concentration of Neem oil in the stable emulsions was also found to exhibit the varying effects on the properties like dispersibility, spreading power, and droplet size of the emulsions. Larvasidal effects of stable Neem oil emulsions were examined.
Carbonized Chicken Eggshell Membranes with 3D Architectures as High‐Performance Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

Supercapacitor electrode materials are synthesized by carbonizing a common livestock biowaste in the form of chicken eggshell membranes. The carbonized eggshell membrane (CESM) is a three‐dimensional macroporous carbon film composed of interwoven connected carbon fibers containing around 10 wt% oxygen and 8 wt% nitrogen. Despite a relatively low surface area of 221 m2 g−1, exceptional specific capacitances of 297 F g−1 and 284 F g−1 are achieved in basic and acidic electrolytes, respectively, in a 3‐electrode system. Furthermore, the electrodes demonstrate excellent cycling stability: only 3% capacitance fading is observed after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 4 A g−1. These very attractive electrochemical properties are discussed in the context of the unique structure and chemistry of the material.
Kinetics of Cadmium Release from Soils as Influenced by Organic Acids: Implication in Cadmium Availability

The low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) secreted by plant roots modify the mobility of Cd through formation of soluble complexes in the soil rhizosphere ; the kinetics of Cd release as influenced by organic acids and its impact on Cd bioaccumulation remains to be established. The influence of LMWOAs (10 -3 and 10 -2 M), viz., acetic, citric, oxalic, fumaric, and succinic acids, which are present in the soil rhizosphere, on the kinetics of Cd release from selected soils (Luseland, Waitville, and Jedbergh) of Saskatchewan, Canada, was investigated at 25°C and at an ionic strength of 0.1 M NaNO 3 . It was observed that the Cd release from the soils increased initially up to a reaction period of about 2 h and then slowly decreased with time. With time, the LMWOAs were apparently microbially degraded and the soil solution Cd 2+ , which was transformed from the Cd-LMWOA complexes by microbial degradation, was adsorbed onto the negatively charged soil particles. Increasing amounts of Cd were released from the soils to the soil solution with the renewal of LMWOAs after every 2 h. The short-term (reaction period of 0.25 to 1 h) kinetics of Cd release from the soils was described by a parabolic diffusion kinetic model. The overall diffusion coefficient of the Cd release from the soil and the Cd released by the renewal of LMWOAs followed the same trend as the Cd availability index of the soils : Luseland » Waitville > Jedbergh. Thus, the results presented in this investigation indicate the importance of the kinetics of the Cd release from the soils by the LMWOAs excreted by root exudates in understanding the availability of soil Cd.
Electrical Properties of Moist Limestone Samples In The Frequency Range 1Hz-10 Hz From Abu Rawash Area

The dielectric constant and electrical resistivity of Abu Rawash limestone samples are measured at some different atmospheric relative humidity and room temperature (22C ) in the 0 orders or more of magnitude. Variations in the dielectric constant of the same order can also be obtained. Frequency dependent impedance measurements indicate that the overall electrical response of a rock sample is controlled by one or more of three conduction mechanisms, which can be identified as, (i) conduction through adsorbed water layer on solid surfaces, (ii) conduction through mass transport or diffusion through pore spaces filled with water, and (iii) high frequency (radio frequency and higher) conduction. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) plays the essential role in defining electrical properties of the solid-solution interfaces. Mass transport or diffusion impedance is affected by measuring electrode properties, it may be also called diffusion controlled impedance. It takes place at frequencies lower than the chemical reaction. The high frequency conduction mechanism is controlled by the intrinsic properties of the sample constituents. The dielectric constant and resistivity of moist limestone samples show a great dependence on water content. Study of the effect of water content on the electrical properties of limestone is of great importance in many fields. Electrode effect may be of reasonable effect in the obtained data. A study is made on some limestone samples at different relative humidities to identify the effects of water content, as well as electrode effect. Reasonable electrode effects may be noticed partially at higher water content. A trial is done to minimize such effects or to subtract it. High values of dielectric constant and conductivity were obtained at relatively high water content. The data is represented in the impedance plane to identify the assumed mechanisms that take place within sample-water mixture. Three mechanisms are traced, W arburg (diffusion) impedance, chemical reaction impedance, and bulk material impedance. The first mechanism (Wrburg impedance) takes place at frequencies lower than 500Hz. The second mechanism (chemical reaction impedance) takes place at higher frequencies, but lower than radio frequencies(Husain, S.A., 1983; Macdonald, J.R., 1985), the third mechanism (bulk material impedance) that takes place at radio frequencies and higher, is beyond the scope of this work. The chemical reaction impedance takes place at frequencies lower than the radio frequencies and higher than 100 Hz and depends mainly on the sample nature and water content in pore spaces. It describes electrically the chemical reaction that takes place at water-grain interfaces. The W arburg or mass transport impedance, on the other hand takes place at frequencies lower than that in chemical reaction impedance. It represents diffusion or transport of products from grain interface to the bulk of solution filling pore spaces between grains. In the present work A.C measurements of electrical impedance are made over a frequency range 1-10 Hz. 6
An Optimized Surfactant Formulation for the Remediation of Diesel Oil Polluted Sandy Aquifers

Reduction of hydraulic conductivity during the treatment of hydrocarbon polluted soils by using surfactants may be an inconvenience for a good recovery of the pollutant. The purpose of the present research work is to determine the main factor responsible for this reduction and by the same way to give an application solution to this problem. Experimental studies on sand filled laboratory columns have shown that the reduction of hydraulic conductivity can be due neither to the precipitation of the anionic surfactants in the presence of calcium ions nor to the clay minerals present in small proportion in the porous medium. We point out that this phenomenon is essentially due to the agglomeration of micelles and show that addition of 4 wt % of butyl alcohol under specific conditions contributes to improving both the injectability of the surfactant solution and the efficiency of the treatment. The optimized surfactant formulation, containing a mixture of two commercial surfactants and this cosolvent, palliates the reduction of hydraulic conductivity and decreases the interfacial tension by a factor of 100. As a consequence, after three pore volumes of injected surfactant solution, 85% of the trapped oil is removed compared to 11.4% obtained without cosolvent.
Sol−Gel Derived Urea Cross-Linked Organically Modified Silicates. 1. Room Temperature Mid-Infrared Spectra

Organic−inorganic hybrids prepared by the sol−gel process are investigated by infrared spectroscopy at room temperature. The matrix of the so-called ureasils is a silica network to which oligopolyoxyethylene chains are grafted by means of urea cross-links. The ureasils preparedU(2000), U(900), and U(600)are obtained by reacting three diamines (containing about 40.5, 15.5, and 8.5 oxyethylene units, respectively) with 3-isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane. The mid-infrared spectra of the diamines are examined. The FTIR spectrum of U(2000) shows that the polyether chains of the parent diamine become less ordered upon incorporation into the inorganic backbone. The assignment of the absorption bands originating from the urea moieties in the ureasils is proposed. Spectroscopic data reveal that the number of oxyethylene units present affects dramatically the amide I and amide II bands and indicate that the N−H groups of the urea linkage are involved in hydrogen bonds of different strength. The existence of non-hydr.
Colony-stimulating factor 1-induced STAT1 and STAT3 activation is accompanied by phosphorylation of Tyk2 in macrophages and Tyk2 and JAK1 in fibroblasts

Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) causes the activation of STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factors in bone marrow macrophages (BMM), in the macrophage cell line BAC1.2F5, and in fibroblasts that express the wild-type receptor for CSF-1. Fibroblasts expressing a mutant receptor in which the tyrosine 809 is replaced with phenylalanine do not activate STAT proteins in response to CSF-1. The activation of the STAT proteins in BMM is accompanied by tyrosine phosphorylation of Tyk2. In fibroblasts, the activation of the STAT proteins is accompanied by tyrosine phosphorylation of Tyk2 and JAK1. We propose that these JAK kinases are subjected to very rapid phosphorylation in response to CSF-1, followed by rapid dephosphorylation. Furthermore, we propose that kinases other than JAK kinase may be involved in the phosphorylation of the STAT proteins in response to CSF-1.
MONTMORILLONITE AND VERMICULITE MODIFIED BY N-VINYLCAPROLACTAM AND POLY(N-VINYLCAPROLACTAM) PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION

The N-vinylcaprolactam, NVCL, is a monomer with amphiphilic character. Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), PNVCL, is a non-ionic, water soluble polymer from the poly N-vinylamide group, which has potential use in biological applications. Vermiculite and montmorillonite are naturally occurring clay minerals widely used as nanofillers for polymers. In this study, vermiculite and montmorillonite were modified by NVCL and PNVCL for subsequent use as nanofiller into the poly(N-vinylcaploactam). Amount of monomer or polymer added to the clay mineral was based on cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the each clay. The process of modification was held in ethanol. From the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra can be assumed that clay minerals are successfully modified by NVCL and PNVCL. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns show successful intercalation of clay, because the basal diffraction of each clay mineral showed the shift from 1.256 nm to 1.502 nm in case of montmorillonite with NVCL and from 1.225 nm to 1.492 nm in vermiculite sample intercalated by the same compound. The samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
A memristor emulator as a replacement of a real memristor

In this paper, we propose a memristor emulator that embraces most of features of a real memristor. The important features that a memristor emulator should include are a sufficiently wide range of memristance, bimodal operability of pulse and continuous signal inputs, a long period of nonvolatility, floating operation, operability with other devices, and the ability to be implemented with off-the-shelf devices. The proposed memristor emulator circuit contains all of these features. Specifically, the small variation range of memristance and the nonfloating operation that limit conventional memristor emulators are improved significantly. It is designed to be built with off-the-shelf electronics devices.
An Integrated Hybrid Energy Harvester for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Network Nodes

Profiling environmental parameter using a large number of spatially distributed wireless sensor network (WSN) NODEs is an extensive illustration of advanced modern technologies, but high power requirement for WSN NODEs limits the widespread deployment of these technologies. Currently, WSN NODEs are extensively powered up using batteries, but the battery has limitation of lifetime, power density, and environmental concerns. To overcome this issue, energy harvester (EH) is developed and presented in this paper. Solar-based EH has been identified as the most viable source of energy to be harvested for autonomous WSN NODEs. Besides, a novel chemical-based EH is reported as the potential secondary source for harvesting energy because of its uninterrupted availability. By integrating both solar-based EH and chemical-based EH, a hybrid energy harvester (HEH) is developed to power up WSN NODEs. Experimental results from the real-time deployment shows that, besides supporting the daily operation of WSN NODE and Router, the developed HEH is capable of producing a surplus of 971 mA·hr equivalent energy to be stored inside the storage for NODE and 528.24 mA·hr equivalent energy for Router, which is significantly enough for perpetual operation of autonomous WSN NODEs used in environmental parameter profiling.
Hierarchical Composites of Single/Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Interlinked Flakes from Direct Carbon Deposition on Layered Double Hydroxides

Three‐dimensional hierarchical nanocomposites consisting of one‐dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and two‐dimensional lamellar flakes (such as clay, layered double hydroxides) show unexpected properties for unique applications. To achieve a well‐designed structure with a specific function, the uniform distribution of CNTs into the used matrix is a key issue. Here, it is shown that a hierarchical composite of single/double‐walled CNTs interlinked with two‐dimensional flakes can be constructed via in‐situ CNT growth onto layered double hydroxide (LDH) flakes. Both the wall number and diameter of the CNTs and the composition of the flakes can be easily tuned by changing the proportion of the transition metal in the LDH flakes. Furthermore, a structure with continuously interlinked CNT layers alternating with lamellar flakes is obtained after compression. The hierarchical composite is demonstrated to be an excellent filler for strong polyimide films. This study indicates that LDH is an extraordinary catalyst for the fabrication of hierarchical composites with high‐quality single/double‐walled CNTs. The as‐obtained CNTs/calcined LDHs nanocomposite is a novel structural platform for the design of mechanically robust materials, catalysts, ion‐transportation, energy‐conversion, and other applications.
High-resolution neutron study of vitamin B12 coenzyme at 15 K: solvent structure

The solvent structure of crystalline vitamin B-12 coenzyme, determined from a high-resolution (0.9 Angstrom) neutron data set collected at 15 K, is presented. The study involved the identification of solvent peaks and the formulation of possible solvent networks. The solvent distribution within the crystal can be described in two regions, namely (a) a channel, comprizing statically disordered water molecules and (b) leading into this channel, a region of highly ordered water molecules. The identification of the disordered solvent peaks has enabled the formulation of two main solvent networks per asymmetric unit, with the assistance of criteria used in the analyses of solvent structures in crystal hydrates of small molecules. The two networks comprise 17 water molecules each. A comparison of these solvent networks is made with those identified in a previous study of a crystal of the coenzyme at 279 K. The covalent and hydrogen-bond geometries involving the water molecules of these networks have been analysed and agree well with those found in small molecular crystal hydrates. Furthermore, the analysis of the water structure around apolar groups of the B-12 coenzyme indicates the presence of clathrate-like water structures, as well as short distances which others have identified as C-H.O hydrogen bonds. Short range O.O non-hydrogen-bonded contacts obey known repulsive restriction rules formulated from small-molecule hydrate crystals.
Low‐voltage electron beam lithography

The use of low‐voltage electron beam lithography to reduce proximity effects, improve throughput, and reduce substrate damage caused to underlying materials has been investigated. Various films of PMMA were exposed with a field emission scanning electron microscope adapted with blanking capability and a 16 bit resolution beam control package. The exposure voltages used were from 1 to 15 keV with probe sizes of ≤150 to ≤70 A, respectively. The dose latitude or working dose range was determined for each voltage on film thicknesses of 0.05, 0.18, and 0.38 μm poly(methylmethacrylate). Optimum beam voltage for a particular thickness which maximizes the energy deposited within the resist has been approximated using Monte Carlo modeling and verified experimentally. Atomic force microscopy showed that at lower voltages the dose required to properly expose a feature is relatively low and as beam voltage increases, the dose required to expose a given area increases. This data also verifies the fact that if the expo.
A coupled‐cluster based effective Hamiltonian method for dynamic electric polarizabilities

A coupled‐cluster based approach for calculating dynamic polarizabilities is described. In this procedure, the polarizability is calculated by a strategy that is formally equivalent to a sum over states corresponding to the diagonal representation of a similarity transformed Hamiltonian operator. However, the explicit evaluation of excited state wave functions and energies is avoided. The present treatment is closely related to the equation of motion coupled‐cluster approximation for excited states and offers an accurate approximation to the second derivative of the energy with respect to an applied electric field; the two approaches are equivalent in the limit that the spectrum of states corresponding to the effective Hamiltonian is exact within the basis set. Terms contributing to the second derivative, but neglected in the proposed approach are shown to be insignificant for a representative set of small molecules. The method is applied to calculate the polarizability of benzene at the wavelength of the.