Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional End-to-End Modeling and Analysis for Graphene-Enabled Terahertz Band Communications

Terahertz (0.1–10 THz) band communication is envisioned as a key technology to satisfy the increasing demand for ultra-high-speed wireless links. In this paper, a 3-D end-to-end model in the THz band is developed that includes the graphene-based reflectarray antenna response and the 3-D multipath propagation phenomena. In particular, the architecture of a graphene-based reflectarray antenna is investigated, and the 3-D radiation pattern is modeled. Moreover, a 3-D THz channel model based on ray tracing techniques is developed as a superposition of the line-of-sight (LoS), reflected, and scattered paths. By using the developed end-to-end model, an in-depth analysis on the 3-D channel characteristics is carried out. Specifically, the gain at the main beam of the graphene-based reflectarray antenna is 18 dB, and the 3-dB beamwidths in the elevation and the azimuth planes are <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $10^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. The use of the reflectarray leads to a decrease of the delay spread from 1.23 to 0.099 ns, which suggests that the resulting coherence bandwidth reaches 2 GHz. Moreover, the root mean square (rms) angular spread in the elevation plane is less than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.12^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>, which is one tenth of that without beamforming. Furthermore, the wideband channel capacity at THz frequencies is characterized, which can be enhanced with a larger transmit power, a lower operating frequency, a larger bandwidth, and a higher beamforming gain. Finally, the beamforming gain enabled by the reflectarray antenna is compromised at the cost of the strict beam alignment, and the deviation needs to be smaller than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The provided analysis and the channel physical parameters lay out the foundation and are particularly useful for realizing reliable and efficient ultra-high-speed wireless communications in the THz band.
SAND WITH CRUSHED SEASHELLS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE STRENGTH OF MORTAR AND CONCRETE USED IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

The majority of UAE cities are located close to the sea and it is more economical to obtain the sand from the seashore which contains a large amount of sea shells. This study experimentally investigates the effect of crushed sea shells that exists in the sand used in the construction work in UAE on the mechanical properties of both mortar and concrete in terms of compressive and flexural strengths. Four different percentages of sea shells have been investigated by using sieve analysis of the raw sand (29%, 14%, 4%, 0%) and then used to prepare the standard mortar and concrete cubes and beams. 48 concrete cubes, 24 concrete beams, 48 mortar cubes and 48 mortar beams have been prepared for testing purposes . Results revealed that there was a slight decrement in the compressive strength of standard concrete and mortar cubes prepared using raw sand containing 29% sea shells comparing to cubes made with sand removing all exists sea shells 0%. On the other hand, the flexural strength of concrete and mortar beams was slightly higher for beams made with sand containing 29% crushed sea shells comparing to beams made using 0% sea shells in the sand. All recorded results are for samples loaded until failure after curing 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The only exception was for the concrete beams as results are for samples loaded until failure after curing 3, 7 and 28 days. This research work recommends using the marine sand in UAE without any considerations of having the crushed sea shells; since the existence of the sea shells has no significant effect on the compressive strength of concrete and it can slightly improve the flexural strength of both mortar and concrete.
The Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Ameliorates High-fat Induced Cognitive Decline in Tauopathy Model Mice

Vascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are associated with the increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. One of the common T2DM medications, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, have a minimum risk for hypoglycemia and have recently been suggested to ameliorate β-amyloid pathology. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on cognitive function and tau pathology. Thus, we investigated whether inhibiting DPP-4 affects tau pathology and cognition in a mouse model of tauopathy with hyperglycemia. Male mice overexpressing the P301S mutant human microtubule-associated protein tau gene (PS19) were fed either a low or high-fat diet. PS19 mice were then administered either linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, or vehicle, from 6 weeks to 8 months of age. Linagliptin-treated mice exhibited higher levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 and decreased fasting blood glucose, compared with the vehicle-treated mice at 8 months. Linagliptin treatment significantly restored spatial reference memory and increased cerebral blood flow without affecting phosphorylation levels of tau or endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the brain. Linagliptin may ameliorate HFD-induced cognitive worsening in tauopathy, at least partially, by increasing cerebral perfusion via the eNOS-independent pathway.
Structural analysis of Cytochrome P450 BM3 mutant M11 in complex with dithiothreitol

The bacterial Cytochrome P450 (CYP) BM3 (CYP102A1) is one of the most active CYP isoforms. BM3 mutants can serve as a model for human drug-metabolizing CYPs and/or as biocatalyst for selective formation of drug metabolites. Hence, molecular and computational biologists have in the last two decades shown strong interest in the discovery and design of novel BM3 variants with optimized activity and selectivity for substrate conversion. This led e.g. to the discovery of mutant M11 that is able to metabolize a variety of drugs and drug-like compounds with relatively high activity. In order to further improve our understanding of CYP binding and reactions, we performed a co-crystallization study of mutant M11 and report here the three-dimensional structure M11 in complex with dithiothreitol (DTT) at a resolution of 2.16 Å. The structure shows that DTT can coordinate to the Fe atom in the heme group. UV/Vis spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation studies underline this finding and as first structure of the CYP BM3 mutant M11 in complex with a ligand, it offers a basis for structure-based design of novel mutants.
Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia: A Case Report

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign fibro-osseous bone disease of unknown etiology and uncertain pathogenesis. When bone maturation is completed, indicating the occurence of stabilization is a strong evidence of mechanism. The lesion frequently affects the craniofacial skeleton. The maxilla is affected twice comparing mandible and occurs more frequently in the posterior area. In this case, a 16 year-old female patient is presented who was diagnosed as having maxillofacial fibrous dysplasia.
Exploiting the Legacy of the Arbovirus Hunters

In recent years, it has become evident that a generational gap has developed in the community of arbovirus research. This apparent gap is due to the dis-investment of training for the next generation of arbovirologists, which threatens to derail the rich history of virus discovery, field epidemiology, and understanding of the richness of diversity that surrounds us. On the other hand, new technologies have resulted in an explosion of virus discovery that is constantly redefining the virosphere and the evolutionary relationships between viruses. This paradox presents new challenges that may have immediate and disastrous consequences for public health when yet to be discovered arboviruses emerge. In this review we endeavor to bridge this gap by providing a historical context for the work being conducted today and provide continuity between the generations. To this end, we will provide a narrative of the thrill of scientific discovery and excitement and the challenges lying ahead.
Investigation of the Mechanism by Which Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 LAT Sequences Modulate Preferential Establishment of Latent Infection in Mouse Trigeminal Ganglia

ABSTRACT We previously demonstrated that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) preferentially establishes latent infection in monoclonal antibody (MAb) A5-positive ganglionic neurons and that a 2.8-kb portion of the HSV-1 genome, corresponding to the 5′ end of the LAT (latency-associated transcript) coding region, is responsible for this phenotype (38, 65). In the current study we carried out further genetic mapping of this latency phenotype and investigated some of the mechanisms that might be responsible. Studies with the chimeric virus HSV-1 17syn+/LAT2, an HSV-1 virus engineered to express HSV-2 LAT, demonstrated that this virus exhibited an HSV-2 latency phenotype, preferentially establishing latency in MAb KH10-positive neurons. This result is complementary to that previously described for the chimeric virus HSV-2 333/LAT1 and indicate that the HSV-1 latency phenotype can be changed to that of HSV-2 by substitution of a 2.8-kb piece of complementary viral DNA. Sequential studies in which we evaluated the pattern of HSV-1 latent infection of the mouse trigeminal ganglion following ocular inoculation with viruses with deletions of functional thymidine kinase, glycoprotein E, ICP0, and US9 protein demonstrate that preferential establishment of HSV-1 latent infection in A5-positive neurons is not a consequence of (i) differential access of HSV-1 to A5-positive neurons,(ii) differential cell-to-cell spread of HSV-1 to A5-positive neurons, (iii) differential “round-trip” spread of HSV-1 to A5-positive neurons, or (iv) expression of ICP0. Additional mapping studies with the HSV-1 LAT deletion viruses dLAT371, 17ΔSty, and 17Δ348 indicate that most of the LAT 5′ exon is not required for HSV-1 to preferentially establish latent infection in A5-positive neurons.
Adaptive impedance matching performance of MIMO terminals with different bandwidth and isolation properties in realistic user scenarios

Using the metric of channel capacity, three dual-antenna multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) terminals with adaptive impedance matching were evaluated at LTE Band 13 in four different user scenarios using simulation. Each of the three terminals is equipped with a slot-monopole antenna and a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). The slot monopole is fixed at one edge of the chassis, whereas the location of the PIFA differs among the terminals to provide different bandwidth and isolation characteristics in free space (FS). The results show that adaptive matching leads to an average capacity gain of up to 24% at the center frequency, favoring the terminal with the smallest antenna bandwidth and the largest isolation. However, the maximum capacity gain from adaptive matching decreases to 15.7% when averaged over the entire system bandwidth. Moreover, the terminal with moderate antenna bandwidth and isolation offers the best overall absolute capacity performance under different user scenarios, indicating a design tradeoff. These results highlight important design considerations for MIMO terminals with adaptive impedance matching.
Factors influencing response to strabismus surgery.

The editors of theArchivesand Kushner et al 1 are to be congratulated on their courage in publishing an article that presents new data and data analysis refuting a previous conclusion published by these authors in theArchives. 2 The publication of this article is also unusual because it includes so much in the way of negative results from reasonable attempts to find additional useful parameters to improve the design and success rates of horizontal strabismus surgery. My purpose in writing is to offer verification of these negative results. In 1986 in theArchives, 3 I published an exponential dose-response curve based on the surgical results of bilateral medial rectus recessions performed on a group of 68 children with acquired esotropia. Like Kushner et al, I found that the prediction of response to strabismus surgery was not improved significantly with the inclusion of age and/or preoperative refractive error beyond
Novel targets for the treatment of relapsing multiple myeloma

ABSTRACT Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the high tendency to relapse and develop drug resistance. Areas covered: This review focused on the main novel targets identified to design drugs for the treatment of relapsing MM patients. CD38 and SLAMF7 are the main surface molecules leading to the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recently approved for the treatment of relapsing MM patients. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a suitable target for antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T cell engager mAbs and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells. Moreover, the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD)-1/PD-Ligand (PD-L1) expression profile by MM cells and their microenvironment and the use of immune checkpoints inhibitors in MM patients are reported. Finally, the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC), B cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 family proteins and the nuclear transport protein exportin 1 (XPO1) as novel targets are also underlined. The clinical results of the new inhibitors in relapsing MM patients are discussed. Expert opinion: CD38, SLAMF7, and BCMA are the main targets for different immunotherapeutic approaches. Selective inhibitors of HDAC6, BCL-2, and XPO1 are new promising compounds under clinical investigation in relapsing MM patients.
observer-based decentralised fuzzy control design for nonlinear interconnected systems: an application to vehicle dynamics

ABSTRACT In this study, a decentralised output learning control strategy for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems is studied. Based on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy (TS) model to approximate the considered interconnected nonlinear systems, a decentralised observer-based control scheme is designed to override the external disturbances such that the performance is achieved. The appealing attributes of this approach include: (1) the closed-loop system exhibits a robustness against nonlinear interconnections and external disturbance, (2) by one-step procedure, the gain matrices of observer and controller are obtained on a single step. In simulation results, the controller design is evaluated on the steering stability of a car where the nonlinear model describes the side slip, roll and yaw motions of the automotive vehicle equipped with four-wheel-steering and active suspension.
Matrix Metalloproteinases System and Types of Fibrosis in Rat Heart during Late Pregnancy and Postpartum

Background and objectives: Cardiac remodeling in pregnancy and postpartum is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in cardiac fibrosis (pericardial, perivascular, and interstitial), as well as the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9) and their inhibitors (Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1 and TIMP-4) during late pregnancy and postpartum in rat left ventricle. Materials and Methods: Female Sprague–Dawley rats were used for this study. Rats were divided three groups: non-pregnant, late pregnancy, and postpartum. The heart was weighed and cardiac fibrosis was studied by conventional histological procedures. The expression and transcript level of target proteins were evaluated using immunoblot techniques and quantitative PCR. Results: The experiments showed an increase of perivascular, pericardial, and interstitial fibrosis in heart during pregnancy and its reversion in postpartum. Moreover, in late pregnancy, MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 metalloproteinases were downregulated and TIMP-1 and TIMP-4 were upregulated in left ventricle. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the metalloproteinases system is involved in the cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling during pregnancy and its reversion in postpartum, this improves the knowledge of the adaptive cardiac remodeling in response to a blood volume overload present during pregnancy.
Peak movement and collision demands of professional rugby league competition

ABSTRACT To quantify the peak movement and contact demands of National Rugby League (NRL) and European Super League (ESL) competition players were tracked during 10 NRL (166 files) and 10 ESL (143 files) matches using microtechnology devices. The peak 1- to 5-min periods were then calculated for average match speed (m·min−1), and acceleration (m·s−2) when 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 collisions per min occurred. Linear mixed effect models and Cohen’s effect size statistic (± 90%CI) were used to determine the differences in movement profiles when collisions occurred. Compared to no collision periods, as frequency of collisions per minute increased, there were progressive reductions in running speed for most positional groups. The addition of 1 or more collisions per min resulted in average effect size reductions in match speed of −0.14 for NRL forwards, −0.89 for NRL backs, −0.48 for ESL forwards, and −2.41 for ESL backs. ESL forwards had the highest frequency of peak periods involving 3 or more collisions per min, 22% of all periods, followed by NRL forwards (14%), NRL backs (10%) and ESL backs (8%). This study highlights the peak movement and collision demands of professional rugby league competition and allows practitioners to develop training drills that reflect worst case scenarios.
Effects of carbon nanotubes and derivatives of graphene oxide on soil bacterial diversity

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and ammonia-functionalized graphene oxide (aGO), are nanomaterials that possess varied and useful properties. However, following their use, their release into the environment is inevitable. While CNTs have been shown to influence soil bacterial diversity, albeit at very high concentration, the effects of rGO have only been examined using pure bacterial cultures, and those of aGO are unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of CNTs, rGO and aGO, at three time points (7, 14 and 30 days), and over a range of concentrations (1 ng, 1 µg and 1 mg kg dry soil-1), on soil bacterial diversity using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Graphite was included to facilitate comparisons with a similar and naturally occurring carbon material, while the inclusion of GO allowed the effects of GO modification to be isolated. Bacterial community composition, but not alpha diversity, was altered by all treatments except the low GO, low rGO and high aGO treatments on day 14 only. In all cases, the nanomaterials led to shifts in community composition that were of similar magnitude to those induced by graphite and GO, albeit with differences in the taxa affected. Our study highlights that nanocarbon materials can induce changes in soil bacterial diversity, even at doses that are environmentally realistic.
Deep stacking network with coarse features for hyperspectral image classification

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification attracts increasing attentions in remote sensing community for its academic significance and potential wide applications. Although most of used existing “intelligent” methods extracting the features of original hyperspectral data are based on shallow-layer networks such as neural network (NN) and support vector machine (SVM) for its simplicity in realization, two deep neural networks (DNN), i.e. the deep convolutional network (DCN) and the deep belief network (DBN), have been used for HSI classifications with improved performance, as deep learning recently achieves great success for its ability in deep feature extraction and representations. In this paper, another DNN, a deep stacking network (DSN) based approach with coarse features for hyperspectral image classification is proposed, as its advantages over shadow networks and other deep models in its simplicity and batch-mode learning — not requiring stochastic gradient descent that other DNNs require. In this approach, the inputs to the DSN are coarse features, i.e. coarse spectral features by band reduction, coarse spatial features extracted by PCA from original HSI, or combination of both. The fine deeper features in the hyperspectral data are gradually obtained by employing the nonlinear activation function on the hidden layer nodes of each module, which is different from the current DSN that usually uses linear weights between hidden layer to output layer. A closed limit on its node's input — output is also exerted. The theoretical analysis and experimental results with AVIRIS hyperspectral image have shown that, (1) the proposed DSN approach achieves improved classification performance compared with shadow networks, (2) the new DSN approach with both the coarse spectral feature and coarse spatial feature has higher classification accuracy compared to that with either only, (3) this study has insight of necessity to develop new deep neural network for HSI classification from direct HSI data.
Identifying novel anti-osteoporosis leads with a chemotype-assembly approach.

In this paper, we propose a chemotype-assembly approach for ligand-based drug discovery (LBDD). With this new approach, we identified 12 chemotypes and derived 18 major chemotype assembly rules from 245 known anti-osteoporosis compounds. Then, we selected 19 compounds from an in-house compound library using chemotype-assembly approach for anti-osteoporosis assays, which resulted in 13 hits. Based on structural features in these 13 compounds, we synthesized 50 possible anti-osteoporosis compounds from the anti-osteoporosis chemotypes by means of click chemistry techniques and discovered a compound (10a, IC50 = 2 nM) with nanomolar activity. This work may provide a new rational approach for ligand-based drug discovery.
Beef cattle fecal microbiota response to toxic tall fescue grazing 1

Tall fescue, the predominant Southeastern United States cool season forage grass, 22 frequently becomes infected with an ergot alkaloid-producing toxic endophyte, Epichloë 23 coenophialum . Consumption of endophyte-infected fescue results in fescue toxicosis (FT), a 24 condition that lowers beef cow productivity. Limited data on the influence of ergot alkaloids on 25 rumen fermentation profiles or ruminal bacteria that could degrade the ergot alkaloids are 26 available, but how FT influences the grazing bovine fecal microbiota, or what role fecal 27 microbiota might play in FT etiology, and associated production losses, has yet to be 28 investigated. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples from weaned Angus 29 steers grazing toxic (n = 6; E+) or non-toxic (n = 6; Max-Q) tall fescue before, 1, 2, 14, and 28 30 days post-pasture assignment. Bacteria in the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla comprised 31 90% of the Max-Q and E+ steer fecal microbiota throughout the trial. Early decreases in the 32 Erysipelotrichaceae family and delayed increases of the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae 33 families were among the major effects of E+ grazing. E+ also increased the abundances within 34 the Planctomycetes , Chloroflexi , and Proteobacteria phyla and the Clostridiaceae family. 35 Multiple operational taxonomic units classified to the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae 36 were correlated negatively with weight gains (lower in E+) and positively with respiration rates 37 (increased by E+). These data provide insights into how E+ grazing alters the Angus steer 38 microbiota and the relationship of fecal microbiota dynamics with FT. understanding of bovine fescue toxicosis in a real-world grazing production setting and provides 45 a starting point for identifying easy-to-access fecal bacteria that could serve as potential 46 biomarkers of animal productivity and/or FT severity for tall fescue grazing livestock. 47 microbiota of beef cattle grazing toxic, ergot alkaloid-producing endophyte-infected tall fescue.