Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of medium composition and sludge removal on the production, composition, and architecture of thermophilic (55 degrees C) acetate-utilizing granules from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

A thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor degrading acetate was started by applying published methods (W. M. Wiegant and A. W. A. de Man, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 28:718-77, 1986) for production of granules dominated by Methanothrix spp. The reactor was inoculated with thermophilic digested sludge. No granules were observed during the first 7 months of start-up of the UASB reactor. However, after the concentrations of potassium, phosphate, ammonium, and magnesium in the medium were gradually increased, granules developed, indicating that there was a critical concentration of one or more of the ions required for production of granules from the starting material. After several years of stable operation, the effect of removing 60% of the granular sludge was investigated. Immunologic qualitative and quantitative studies showed that removal of the granular sludge resulted in an increase in the number of the predominant methanogens, antigenically related to Methanosarcina thermophila TM-1 and Methanosarcina mazeii S-6, and Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum delta H and GC1. These changes were accompanied by modifications of the microanatomy of the granules, as demonstrated histochemically and immunohistochemically. The results indicated that different catabolic pathways dominated in different regions of the granules, i.e., acetate oxidation in the middle of the granules, where there is a low acetate concentration, and an aceticlastic reaction in the outer surfaces, with a high acetate concentration. The results also showed that removal of granules from a UASB reactor which has been under steady-state operation for a long period can improve the reactor's performance via formation of denser and larger granules with improved microbial activities.
Comparative post-harvest behaviour of traditional and virus-resistant Muchamiel tomatoes.

BACKGROUND Nowadays, organoleptic quality is the primary objective for almost all tomato breeding programmes. In this study, post-harvest behaviour of a breeding line with genetic resistance to important viruses (tomato mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus) has been compared with the original traditional landrace (Muchamiel). The breeding line has been obtained by backcrossing, introgressing three resistance genes but aiming to keep the quality characteristics of the traditional variety. Tomatoes were picked at random and stored at 10 degrees C for 13 days. Quality analyses were made in both tomato samples: weight loss, colour, respiration rate, ethylene production, maturity index, instrumental hardness and sensory evaluation with trained panel. RESULTS Fruits of the breeding line were characterized by higher hardness even with a higher maturity index. Results of sensory tests were in agreement with instrumental measurements. Organoleptic quality of Muchamiel virus-resistant tomatoes was at least as high as that of traditional tomatoes, reaching the best scores in odour and aroma at the 13th storage day. CONCLUSION Although a long time has been required to develop the breeding line, results indicate that organoleptic fruit quality has been recovered through backcrossing, confirming the success of the breeding programme.
A new discussion of the cutaneous vascular reactivity in sensitive skin: A sub‐group of SS?

Sensitive skin (SS) seems not to be a one‐dimensional condition and many scholars concentrate on skin barrier disruption or sensorineural change, but few focus on its increased vascular reactivity. This study explored the possibility of using the different selection methods and measurement methods to verify a high vascular reactivity in SS without an impaired cutaneous barrier function.
Robust Tumbling Target Reconstruction through Fusion of Vision and LIDAR for Autonomous Rendezvous and Docking On-Orbit

A preliminary framework for 3D tumbling target reconstruction through fusion of vision and line-scanning LIDAR data is outlined. The utility of using both vision and LIDAR for on-orbit target reconstruction is first presented. The technical approach, including a new camera-LIDAR Structure from Motion (SfM) framework, is next detailed, though this technical framework remains in development. Preliminary results indicate that the method holds potential to perform well, though there remains significant development work ahead to make this a viable, robust solution.
Systematic Review for the 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Objective— To review the literature systematically and perform meta-analyses to address these questions: 1) Is there evidence that self-measured blood pressure (BP) without other augmentation is superior to office-based measurement of BP for achieving better BP control or for preventing adverse clinical outcomes that are related to elevated BP? 2) What is the optimal target for BP lowering during antihypertensive therapy in adults? 3) In adults with hypertension, how do various antihypertensive drug classes differ in their benefits and harms compared with each other as first-line therapy? Methods— Electronic literature searches were performed by Doctor Evidence, a global medical evidence software and services company, across PubMed and EMBASE from 1966 to 2015 using key words and relevant subject headings for randomized controlled trials that met eligibility criteria defined for each question. We performed analyses using traditional frequentist statistical and Bayesian approaches, including random-effects Bayesian network meta-analyses. Results— Our results suggest that: 1) There is a modest but significant improvement in systolic BP in randomized controlled trials of self-measured BP versus usual care at 6 but not 12 months, and for selected patients and their providers self-measured BP may be a helpful adjunct to routine office care. 2) systolic BP lowering to a target of <130 mm Hg may reduce the risk of several important outcomes including risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and major cardiovascular events. No class of medications (ie, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, or beta blockers) was significantly better than thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics as a first-line therapy for any outcome.
Consumer Analysis for Increasing Occupancy Rates of Tourism Hotel

Tourism is a sector that plays an important role in the economic growth of Indonesia. Bandung as the capital of West Java province is known as the city with diverse tourism potential, both in the attractiveness of the city and surrounding natural beauty. DHR is a three stars resort hotel in the city with a strategic location. As a three stars resort hotel, DHR has been experiencing occupancy rate problems, consequently, it cannot often reach the set targets, both during high season and low season. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors of hotel performance that influences consumer staying back decision in the future. Questionnaires have been distributed to hotel guests to gather information regarding their interest and the performance assessment of the hotel services and facilities, and staying back decision in the future. Discriminant Analysis and Hypothesis Testing are used to determine which hotel performance variables will directly affect consumer staying back decision. The result of this study provide marketing strategy that should be implemented by the hotel management in order to increase its occupancy rate.
Women on Board and its Impact on Performance: Evidence from Microfinance Sector

Abstract The board of directors is the most imperative facet of corporate governance for any corporation as it is responsible for approving financial decisions, policy formulation as well as strategic decisions. Consequently, their composition is a solemn issue for the company at all times. Recent years have evidenced a steep amplify in the board diversity by enhancing the representation of women in corporate leadership. Diverse boards with individuals having different background perhaps tends to be more innovative and make better decisions. It could enhance the boards’ functioning, sharpen strength and bring a more diverse perspective. Meanwhile, the participation of women in decision-making is one of the most divergent factors which has been given a push in the form of law with enactment of The Company Act, 2013. Thus, this study mainly illustrates the relevance of women in microfinance and empirically examines the association between participation of women on board and in senior management with the performance of microfinance industry, using a sample of 50 Non-banking Financial Companies–Microfinance Institutions (NBFC–MFIs). It is evident that there is a positive and significant impact of women as board members with the financial performance and of senior management with social performance in context to Indian MFIs. Thus, it is suggested that MFIs should think about the femininity on board and in senior management to improve financial viability and social performance to achieve sustainable growth.
Taxonomy of information and communication technology system innovations adopted by small and medium sized enterprises

Tiivistelmä Väitöskirjan painopiste on teoreettisen innovaatioluokittelun rakentamisessa. Tietojärjestelmät nähdään organisaation innovaatioina, joita yritykset soveltavat osaamisensa mukaisesti omaan toimintaansa. Tausta-aineistona on lähes 60 tuotannollisen yrityksen haastattelut, joista merkittävä osa on kerätty yhteistyössä Suomen Teknologiateollisuus ry:n kanssa. Syntynyt luokittelu täydentää aikaisempia tietojenkäsittelyn ja liikkeenjohdon innovaatiomalleja. Se korostaa erityisesti verkostoitumisen roolia, mutta kiinnittää huomiota myös innovaatioiden kokeiluun sekä tapauksiin, joissa tietotekniikka ei tuo kilpailuetua.
Spinal sensory neurons express multiple sodium channel alpha-subunit mRNAs.

The expression of sodium channel alpha-, beta 1- and beta 2-subunit mRNAs was examined in adult rat DRG neurons in dissociated culture at 1 day in vitro and within sections of intact ganglia by in situ hybridization and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results demonstrate that sodium channel alpha-subunit mRNAs are differentially expressed in small (< 25 microns diam), medium (25-45 microns diam.) and large (> 45 microns diam.) cultured DRG neurons at 1 day in vitro (div). Sodium channel mRNA I is expressed at higher levels in large neurons than small DRG neurons, while sodium channel mRNA II is variably expressed, with most cells lacking or exhibiting low levels of detectable signal of these mRNAs and limited numbers of neurons with moderate expression levels. DRG neurons generally exhibit negligible or low levels of hybridization signal for sodium channel mRNA III. Sodium channel mRNAs Na6 and NaG show similar patterns of expression, with most large and many medium DRG neurons exhibiting high levels of expression. The mRNA for the rat cognate of human sodium channel hNE-Na is detected in virtually every DRG neuron; most cells in all size classes exhibit moderate or high levels of hNE-Na expression. Sodium channel SNS mRNA is expressed in all size classes of DRG neurons, but shows greater expression in small and medium DRG neurons than in large neurons. The mRNA for the rat cognate of mouse sodium channel mNa 2.3 is not detected, or is detected at low levels, in most DRG neurons, regardless of size, although moderate expression is detected in some neurons. Sodium channel beta 1- and beta 2-subunit mRNAs exhibit similar expression patterns; they are detected in most DRG neurons, although the level of expression tends to be greater in large neurons than in small neurons. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization of intact adult DRG showed a similar pattern of expression of sodium channel mRNAs to that observed in DRG neurons in vitro. These results demonstrate that adult DRG neurons express multiple sodium channel mRNAs in vitro and in situ and suggest a molecular basis for the biophysical heterogeneity of sodium currents observed in these cells.
Drafting guidelines for the withholding or withdrawing of life sustaining treatment in critically ill children and neonates

In 1997, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) published a framework for practice on the withholding or withdrawing of life sustaining treatment. Based on sound ethical and legal principles, the purpose of the document was to oVer guidance for those faced with diYcult treatment decisions that could not be resolved by appeal to scientific fact alone. 1 Unsurprisingly, the RCPCH document has attracted both acclaim and some criticism for its general objectives and specific conclusions. 23 Any attempt to provide such guidance might be interpreted as applying unnecessary constraints to clinical practice. Furthermore,such documents can be criticised as being too general to be useful, stigmatising to some individuals or groups, and striking the wrong balance between law and morality. Although these criticisms have some validity, questions such as those dealt with by the RCPCH document and others cannot simply be left to the moral values of individual clinicians or their (possibly mistaken) interpretation of the law. 4 Some considered advice—informed by appropriate collective multidisciplinary deliberation—is imperative. It seems likely, therefore, that other groups will wish to provide guidance or advice on ethicolegal matters. Here, we examine some of the problems they may face by considering the kind of guidance that is required, the appropriateness of standards set, the role of the law, and the relation between guidelines and the law. Determining the kind of guidance that is required Many professionals want reasonably specific but not prescriptive guidance. Ethico-legal codes of professional practice, although emphasising communication skills, ethical behaviour, treating patients with dignity, and outlining legal boundaries of acceptable practice, 56
Commitment to Priorities

Imperative sentences can be used to perform a range of speech acts, some of which are intuitively “stronger” than others. We can distinguish several different pragmatic features related to judgments of imperative strength, including speaker authority and whether or not the imperative allows an inference to a strong or weak modal declarative. Building on the observation that such features are sometimes tied to the utterance’s intonation, this paper argues for an extension to imperatives of Gunlogson’s (2001) theory of rising and falling intonation in declaratives. Within the framework of dynamic pragmatics, this analysis states that the initial discourse effect of imperatives can vary depending on whether it concerns the speaker’s discourse commitments, the addressee’s commitments, r the interlocutors’ mutual commitments.
Organization Improvisational Capabilities and Configurations of firm Performance in a Highly Turbulent Environment

This dissertation intends to examine 1) nature of organization improvisational capabilities and 2) some possible configurations for firm performance in a highly turbulent environment, i.e., e-commerce. Motivated by the observation of the dynamics of digital business ecosystem and to answer calls from IS, strategy and management fields, the first research question is to examine an organizational level capability that organizations use to respond to unexpected problems and turbulences. To gain understanding of organization improvisational capabilities, a scale development project was conducted. An essential goal of scale development is to create a valid measure of an underlying construct. A thorough literature review of improvisation and organization improvisational capabilities was completed. A definition of organization improvisational capabilities is formed to provide some basic and direct information for scholars and managers. One of the results of this review was the discovery of dimensions of improvisational capabilities that helped drive the development of a measurement scale for this latent construct. A robust measure of improvisational capabilities is developed and empirically tested. The result from the OIC scale development plays an important part for the second research question, which is to explore some possible combinations of elements for firm performance. Based on empirical field data, this dissertation sets out to investigate possible
Using IP Cores in Synchronous Languages

Synchronous programs offer comfortable statements for preemption, which allow statements to abort or suspend other statements. However, while these preemption statements can be used to conveniently describe complex control behaviors in a concise, but yet precise way, they impose very difficult problems for the modular synthesis of systems. For this reason, the integration and re-use of already pre-compiled IP cores has so far only been possible in two restricted variants: either by calls to instantaneous procedures of the host language or by calls to asynchronous tasks of the host language. The first variant is restricted to combinational circuits, and the second variant breaks the synchronous design
Immunomodulation Effects and Clinical Evidence of Apheresis in Renal Diseases

Abstract: This article overviews the immunomodulation effects and clinical evidence of apheresis in renal diseases, in particular primary and secondary glomerulonephritis. A considerable permeability factor(s) derived from circulating T cells is speculated to have a crucial role in the proteinuria of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Plasma exchange (PE), immunoadsorption using Protein A sepharose cartridges, low‐density lipoprotein apheresis and lymphocyte apheresis (LCAP) were tried to remove such factors or pathogenic T cells. Other glomerular diseases induced by specific antibodies such as antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and immune‐complexes such as lupus nephritis were also treated with PE, double filtration plasma apheresis, IAPP and LCAP. Many reports suggested that apheresis might have beneficial immunomodulation effects for the treatment of glomerular diseases; however, the recommendations based on evidence from small cohorts remain at low‐level in most.
Secretion of Secondary Metabolites by ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Plant Cell Suspension Cultures1

The substrate specificity of the yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR)-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is extended to plant secondary metabolites of the tropane alkaloid family. Functional analysis of yeast PDR5 genes in transgenic tobacco ( Nicotiana
Social media as a resource in SMEs’ sales process

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of social media (SM) adoption in upgrading and innovating selling processes by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) facing complex and rapidly changing market scenarios. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this goal, the paper undertakes an exploratory case study of Gamma, a mechanical company, by actively using SM to start and open a new market. The case-study is analyzed through the industrial marketing and purchasing (IMP) approach, which emphasizes the role of interaction and the interdependencies of resources. Findings The adoption of SM resources helped Gamma to tap into new markets and thus survive and face the downturn of its original market. SM displayed its effects in combination with other resources: a simple and not expensive machinery, capable human resources, effective production and logistical resources. SM represented a strategic resource to implement an effective business networking effort. Originality/value This paper provides novel empirical evidence and conceptual development over the role of SM as a resource in SMEs’ sales processes, using the IMP perspective on combination and development of resources.
XBRL from audit companies' perspective

The main objective of this study is to find out how XBRL will affect big audit companies. Purpose is to find out first of all, why audit companies are involved in developing XBRL and secondly, what are the main outcomes of XBRL for these companies. Also, the value-added of XBRL for other information process participants from audit companies’ perspective is discussed. The specific point of view of audit companies in relation to XBRL is little researched in the past and thus, there is no ready-made theory to be tested. Instead, theoretical part presents previous research that suggests and helps to understand potential implications of XBRL for audit companies. In addition, theory about effective capital markets and information efficiency is utilized. The study is exploratory in nature as audit companies’ point of view in relation to XBRL has not received much attention in the literature so far. Qualitative data was gathered through semistructured interviews with professionals from audit companies that represent different countries and knowledge areas. Interviewees’ answers to the first research question, what are the underlying reasons for audit companies to be involved in developing XBRL, revealed that audit companies are involved in developing XBRL because of the reputational gains. They also need to understand XBRL well in order to be able to provide assurance on XBRL documents and consulting services for their clients. As XBRL is predicted to change financial reporting practices, it is perceived to be natural for audit companies to be involved in its development. To be involved in innovations was also considered important. Related to the second research question, to whom is XBRL mainly developed for and its value-added for information process participants, the interviewees saw that XBRL benefits mostly authorities and users of financial information such as analysts. Answering the third research question, what are the main outcomes of XBRL for audit companies, requires that four background factors are taken into account. First factor is whether reporting in XBRL is made mandatory or not in a given country. Without a mandate, XBRL is not likely to have great implications for any function. Second, for what purposes XBRL is used (for example filing financial statements, tax filings or supervisory reporting) determines which functions are affected by it. For example, banks use XBRL and they may need consulting and risk services offered by audit companies. Third, the history and structure of audit firms differ which means that same aspects of XBRL are dealt with in different functions. Lastly, the characteristics of the reporting firm have to be considered. If companies choose to implement XBRL deeper into their accounting systems, then they must have effective internal controls and it also enables more effective way to analyze information.