Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Changing Face of Chronic Illness Management in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study of Underlying Influences and Unintended Outcomes

PURPOSE Recently, there has been dramatic increase in the diagnosis and pharmaceutical management of common chronic illnesses. Using qualitative data collected in primary care clinics, we assessed how these trends play out in clinical care. METHODS This qualitative study focused on management of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in 44 primary care clinics in Michigan and was based on interviews with 58 clinicians and 70 of their patients, and observations of 107 clinical consultations. We assessed clinicians’ treatment strategies and discussions of factors influencing treatment decisions, and patients’ understandings and experiences in managing these illnesses. RESULTS Clinicians focused on helping patients achieve test results recommended by national guidelines, and most reported combining 2 or more medications per condition to reach targets. Medication selection and management was the central focus of the consultations we observed. Polypharmacy was common among patients, with more than one-half taking 5 or more medications. Patient interviews indicated that heavy reliance on pharmaceuticals presents challenges to patient well-being, including financial costs and experiences of adverse health effects. CONCLUSIONS Factors promoting heavy use of pharmaceuticals include lower diagnostic and treatment thresholds, clinician-auditing and reward systems, and the prescribing cascade, whereby more medications are prescribed to control the effects of already-prescribed medications. We present a conceptual model, the inverse benefit law, to provide insight into the impact of pharmaceutical marketing efforts on the observed trends. We make recommendations about limiting the influence of the pharmaceutical industry on clinical practice, toward improving the well-being of patients with chronic illness.
SH2B1 and IRSp53 Proteins Promote the Formation of Dendrites and Dendritic Branches*

Background: Filopodium formation is a prerequisite for neurite initiation. Results: SH2B1 interacts with IRSp53 and promotes neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons. Conclusion: SH2B1-IRSp53 complexes promote filopodium formation, neurite initiation, and neurite branching. Significance: These results suggest that SH2B1 may regulate the formation of filopodia required for many cellular functions. SH2B1 is an adaptor protein known to enhance neurite outgrowth. In this study, we provide evidence suggesting that the SH2B1 level is increased during in vitro culture of hippocampal neurons, and the β isoform (SH2B1β) is the predominant isoform. The fact that formation of filopodia is prerequisite for neurite initiation suggests that SH2B1 may regulate filopodium formation and thus neurite initiation. To investigate whether SH2B1 may regulate filopodium formation, the effect of SH2B1 and a membrane and actin regulator, IRSp53 (insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate p53), is investigated. Overexpressing both SH2B1β and IRSp53 significantly enhances filopodium formation, neurite outgrowth, and branching. Both in vivo and in vitro data show that SH2B1 interacts with IRSp53 in hippocampal neurons. This interaction depends on the N-terminal proline-rich domains of SH2B1. In addition, SH2B1 and IRSp53 co-localize at the plasma membrane, and their levels increase in the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction of developing neurons. These findings suggest that SH2B1-IRSp53 complexes promote the formation of filopodia, neurite initiation, and neuronal branching.
Regard sur les dimensions sous-jacentes dans les épreuves de conscience morphologique

Malgre l’importance de la conscience morphologique pour le, developpement d’habiletes de haut niveau indispensables au succes, scolaire (Apel, Diehm et Apel, 2013; Kieffer et al. 2016; Tighe et, Schatschneider; 2016), il y a une reelle confusion dans la litterature sur le, plan de la mesure de ce construit, en ce sens que les tâches utilisees pour le, circonscrire font intervenir des habiletes d’ordre cognitif et linguistique, extr emement variees (Deacon, Parrila et Kirby, 2008). En nous basant sur, les epreuves traditionnellement utilisees pour mesurer la conscience, morphologique, nous avons construit six tâches qui mobilisent a la fois des, unites (morphemes flexionnel ou derivationnel), des operations,(suppression ou ajout) et des types de controle (implicites ou explicites),divers (Apel, 2014). Nos donnees ont ete recoltees aupres d’enfants, quebecois et francais de 8 a 10 ans. Les resultats, issus d’analyses, factorielles confirmatoires (AFC), mettent en relief l’importance du type, d’operations cognitives effectuees comme facteur permettant de, discriminer les epreuves entre elles.
A virtual reality learning environment providing access to digital museums

VR-LEARNERS (Virtual Learning Environment for Network of Advanced Multimedia Resource Centers, Museums and Schools) is a European project that aims at developing an educational application based on collaborative virtual environment (CVE) technology and providing access to digital exhibits of European museums. The project was initiated in January 1998 and the paper presents an overview of the project objectives, the technical approach, findings of the user requirement research activity as well as the design specification approach.
Cloud Computing Brokering Service: A Trust Framework Service Level Agreements: An Analytical Study in Progress

The paper highlights existing research voids in defining and designing binding and enforceable service level agreements (SLA) between three actors in the cloud computing framework defined by NIST - the cloud brokers, the cloud consumers and the cloud providers. The paper presents a techno-managerial perspective to the issue of how cloud brokers would handle service provisioning and whether binding service level agreements would be useful tools for the NIST cloud framework to function. A template constituent framework is also recommended as part of this ongoing study.
Extinction risk in a temporally correlated fluctuating environment.

Usually extinction risk due to environmental stochasticity is estimated under the assumption of white environmental noise. This holds for a sufficiently short correlation time tauc of the fluctuations compared to the internal time scale of population growth r-1 (tauc/r-1<<1). Using a time-discrete simulation model we investigate when the white noise approximation is misleading. Environmental fluctuations are related to fluctuations of the birth and death rates of the species and the temporal correlation of these fluctuations (coloured noise) is described by a first-order autoregressive process. We found that extinction risk increases rapidly with correlation time tauc if the strength of noise is large. In this case the white noise approximation underestimates extinction risk essentially unless temporal correlation is very small (tauc/r-1<<0.1). Extinction risk increases only slowly with correlation time if the strength of noise is small. Then the white noise approximation may be used even for stronger temporal correlations (tauc/r-1>/=0.1). Thus, the estimation of extinction risk on the basis of white or coloured noise must be justified by time scale and strength of the fluctuations. Especially for species that are sensitive to environmental fluctuations the applicability of the white noise approximation should be carefully checked.
HACER INVESTIGACIÓN EN TIEMPOS DE CRISIS SOCIAL

Cuando estamos inmersos en momentos de crisis social, es habitual pensar que solo debemos de hablar acerca de los efectos que esta crisis tiene sobre nuestros ambitos no solo personal sino tambien profesional. Emocionalmente nos podemos sentir estresados, ansiosos y deprimidos al estar en un estado de incertidumbre de vernos en el mismo lugar, a pesar de querer hacer y/o vivir algo diferente. Esta desesperanza que aprendemos al tratar de hacer algo por cambiar la situacion y no encontrar una solucion, la podemos combatir "haciendo" algo por nosotros mismos, trabajando en funcion a un objetivo que nos lleve a que animicamente podamos sentirnos mejor y en especial, que nos ayude a controlar nuestros pensamientos centrados en una crisis en donde una sola persona no es suficiente para modificar una realidad en donde todos estamos viviendo. Al referirme a trabajar, me refiero a que no dejemos a un lado aquello que como profesionales nos define y nos motiva; quienes estamos en el mundo de la investigacion, no debemos de olvidar que es un trabajo que reconforta, al poder brindar o colaborar con un grano de arena en la contribucion del conocimiento cientifico en nuestros respectivos campos profesionales. Constituye una herramienta muy util para incluso, ser reconocidos y con eso poder salir de la misma crisis que podemos vivir personalmente. Asi como es un instrumento con el que podemos motivar a otros a sumarse a seguirnos en este mismo camino. No limitemos nuestro dia a dia a solo hablar de la crisis social en la que estamos, tratemos de recordar nuestros gustos por mostrar al mundo lo que sabemos y en especial, lo que somos capaces de hacer. Aprovecha los canales que te permitan ser escuchado y valorado como investigador cientifico y en especial si eres un investigador clinico, dado que tu trabajo tiene una simbiosis con tu actividad profesional diaria, que se traduce en la puesta en practica de todas tus habilidades y conocimientos para poder brindar bienestar a tus pacientes. Las revistas cientificas son el aliado que quieres y estan presente para acompanarte a salir de la crisis. Cada uno de nosotros, somos responsables de consolidar el conocimiento cientifico en estos tiempos, sigamos todos trabajando. ESCUCHAR RESUMEN DEL ARTICULO
Waitress quadcopter explores how to serve drinks by reinforcement learning

Versatility of unmanned aerial vehicles has paved the way for drones to be employed in a broad class of tasks from aerial photography to search and rescue, or even emergency medical service such as delivering defibrillator for heart attack victims. Such multi-functionality has sparked an enormous research area which is full of eminently innovative ideas for the smart nations. In this work, a quadcopter drone is used as a waitress to deliver drinks from the bar top, right to customers' tables in a pub. As every inexperienced apprentice, it goes through an educational process in order to learn how to serve drinks to fulfill the expectations of the customers. In the proposed reinforcement learning algorithm, the agent uses the evaluative feedback from the customers as reward and adapts its actions accordingly. Simulation studies demonstrate the comparative results for different action-selection policies under fairly subjective feedback conditions for different types of customers.
Bacteriocins: Promising Natural Antimicrobials

Bacteriocins are described as ribosomally synthesized small poly peptides that exert antimicrobial effects against closely or non-closely related bacteria. The major producer group for bacteriocins is lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that contain a great variety of microorganisms described as “generally recognized as safe (GRAS)” by the US Food and Drug Administration. Due to this accredited safety potency of their origin and the wide-range effectiveness on pathogenic or spoilage bacteria, bacteriocins have attracted great research interest as natural antimicrobial agents, thereby allowing the design of new technologies for combating microbial pathogens in many industrial applications. For example, bacteriocins play a crucial role in maintaining the food safety and several bacteriocin preparations are commercially available for wide-range applications in the industry.
From the Implicit to Aporia: the specificities of the Caster Semenya case as a "discursive moment"

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. From the Implicit to Aporia: the specificities of the Caster Semenya case as a ”discursive moment” Aurélie Olivesi
Una propuesta digital para el entrenamiento en estrategias de comprensión lectora

Diversas investigaciones coinciden en que los estudiantes tienen multiples dificultades para resolver las tareas de lectura y escritura en la universidad, tanto en el ingreso como a lo largo de las carreras. En este sentido, se ha senalado la importancia de entrenar en estrategias de comprension lectora. Asi, sobre la base de dos propuestas centradas en el entrenamiento de este tipo de estrategias,hemos elaboradouna serie de materiales y ejercicios interactivos - impartidos en Moodle - como forma de repaso para el Primer Parcial del Taller de Lectoescritura, materia obligatoria para el ingreso a la Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (Buenos Aires, Argentina). En el presente articulo, comparamos el desempeno de los estudiantes en dos de las ejercitaciones orientadas a la comprension: en la primera, hemos realizado preguntas queinvolucraban el uso de diferentes estrategias discusivas (especificamente, macroestructurales, microestructurales, proposicionales y lexicas); en la segunda, incluimos las mismas preguntas, pero, antes de cada una, hemos anadido un ejercicio, disenado segun la propuesta denominada "autoexplicacion" (selfexplanation), con el objeto de favorecer el uso por parte de los estudiantes de las estrategias mencionadas. El analisis permitio sugerir que la autoexplicacion mejoraria la elaboracion de una representacion textual aun cuando las autoexplicaciones no sean necesariamente correctas. Por otra parte, el trabajo permite una reflexion sobre la importancia y el alcance de los cuestionarios Moodle para el abordaje de la comprension textual.
Studies on tetrodotoxin resistant action potentials in denervated skeletal muscle.

In this study it is shown that action potential generation in rat, mouse and cat muscles is blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX, 10-6 M) but that the chronically denervated muscles of these species are partially resistant to TTX. In denervated rat muscles the development of the TTX resistant action potential during the first four days of denervation is paralleled by the spread of extrajunctional cholinergic sensitivity. However, the extrajunctional cholinergic receptor and the TTX resistant action potential can be selectively blocked by drugs, indicating that the action potential site and the cholinergic receptor are not identical structures. Denervated muscles are also partially resistant to saxitoxin, although less so than to TTX.
ANISOTROPIC- MAGNETORESISTANCE INTEGRATED SENSORS

In this paper. a short overview is presented of the most widely used types of solid state magnetic sensor. These sensors are applied in many areas, such as the measurement of magnetic fields and in compasses, angle/position sensors and current sensing. Hall effect, AMR (Anisotropic Magnetorestance-effect) and GMR (Giant Magnetoresistance-effect) sensors are the most frequently used. In spite of the later appearance of the GMR structures, AMR sensors are still preferred in cases when high sensitivity, flexibility of design and compatibility with standard microelectronics technology are needed. A description of the basic mechanisms of the normal AMR effect and of the so-called "barber pole" effect is presented, and some of the main problems that have to be solved when designing and producing AMR devices are underlined. A model is proposed for the estimation of the effectiveness of real barber pole structures. Experimental results are reported and discussed, concerning the design and production of single-stripe resistors and barber pole bridges, based on a technology with magnetization after annealing. Conclusions are drawn about the compatibility of this technology with CMOS technology.
Progress and Challenges in Vaccine development Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (ETEC)-Associated porcine Post- Weaning Diarrhoea (PWD)

Porcine Post-Weaning Diarrhea (PWD) continues to be one of the most important swine diseases worldwide. Entero toxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are the primary cause of PWD. The key virulence factors of ETEC in PWD are bacterial fimbrial adhesins and enterotoxins. Adhesions mediate ETEC bacteria initial attachment to pig epithelial cells and subsequent colonization at pig small intestines. Enterotoxins including heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxin (ST) disrupt fluid homeostasis in small intestinal epithelial cells to cause electrolyte-rich fluid hyper-secretion and diarrhea. Currently there are no effective prevention measures to protect weaned pigs against PWD. Vaccination would be the most practical and effective prevention approach, and vaccines inducing anti-adhesion immunity to block ETEC attachment and colonization and also antitoxin immunity to neutralize enterotoxicity are considered optimal against ETEC-associated PWD. Although progress has been made in past decades in developing effective vaccines against PWD, challenges continue to exist due to the disease complexity and immunological heterogeneity among ETEC strains. Recent progress in using safe toxoid antigens, toxoid fusion antigens and MEFA (multiepitope fusion antigen) approach to develop multivalent vaccines for broad protection, however, shows promising in developing new vaccines for effective protection against ETEC-associated PWD.
Serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are inversely associated with the number and migratory activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in apparently healthy subjects.

OBJECTIVES Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to participate in the process of vascular repair, thus playing a protective role against cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is known that atherosclerotic risk factors could affect EPC number and function. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis as well. However, as far as we know, there is no report to show the relationship between serum AGE levels and circulating EPCs in humans. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether serum level of AGEs was associated with EPC number and functions in apparently healthy subjects, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Apparently healthy volunteers (34.6 ± 6.9 years old, 40 males and 8 females) who were not on any medications underwent a complete history and physical examination, determination of blood chemistries, including AGEs, and number, differentiation and migratory activity of circulating EPCs. RESULTS Serum AGEs levels were 9.20 ± 1.85 U/mL. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that serum levels of AGEs and smoking were independently correlated with reduced number of EPCs. Further, female, AGEs, and reduced HDL-cholesterol levels were independently associated with impaired migratory activity of circulating EPCs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated for the first time that the serum level of AGEs was one of the independent correlates of decreased cell number and impaired migratory activity of circulating EPCs in apparently healthy subjects. Our present observations suggest that even in young healthy subjects, serum level of AGEs may be a biomarker that could predict the progression of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events.
Prevalence and pathogenesis of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Influence of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α treatment

Background Anemia is a common complication of inflammatory bowel disease, but its epidemiology may be changing due to earlier diagnosis and improved treatments. We investigated the prevalence and pathogenesis of anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Design and Methods In a cross-sectional study 263 out-patients with inflammatory bowel disease (165 with Crohn’s disease, 98 with ulcerative colitis) were investigated. The influence of time from diagnosis, disease activity, inflammation and the status of iron and hematinic vitamins on the level of hemoglobin and prevalence of anemia were evaluated. In a second group of 27 patients with Crohn’s disease, undergoing anti-tumor necrosis factor-α treatment with infliximab because of refractory or fistulizing disease, we determined the effects of infliximab on disease activity, hemoglobin, serum erythropoietin levels, iron status and inflammation. Results In all, 104 of the 263 patients with inflammatory bowel disease were anemic. Age, gender and azathioprine treatment had no influence on anemia. The prevalence of anemia was highest at diagnosis (65%), decreased during the first 4 years after disease onset, and was stable thereafter. Active disease was associated with higher rates of anemia. At diagnosis most anemic patients had anemia of chronic disease; during follow-up iron deficiency and multifactorial forms of anemia became more prevalent. Eighteen of 27 patients undergoing treatment with infliximab were anemic; most of them had anemia of chronic disease. Infliximab reduced disease activity and improved anemia in 12 patients. This was mediated by an increased production of erythropoietin for the degree of anemia. In vitro infliximab increased the growth of erythroid progenitors from the peripheral blood of patients with active disease. Conclusions Anemia is a common problem in out-patients with inflammatory bowel disease; the prevalence and severity of anemia are related to the activity of the bowel disorder. The pathogenesis of anemia changes during the course of the disease, with anemia of chronic disease having a major role at diagnosis and iron deficiency and multifactorial forms of anemia during follow-up. In patients requiring anti-tumor necrosis factor-α treatment, response to therapy improves erythropoiesis.
The prenatal development of the mouse eye

The development of the eye has been studied in mouse embryos from the ninth day through the nineteenth day of gestation. The tissue was fixed in aldehydes, post‐osmicated and embedded in Epon. The entire eye was sectioned and studied under the light microscope. The development of the eye in the prenatal period is described as having seven stages. In the first stage, the close contact of the optic vesicle with the surface ectoderm is observed. The retinal disc and lens placode begins to form. The second stage shows the invagination of the optic vesicle and the contraction of the margin of the lens pit. In the third stage, the optic cup differentiates into an outer pigment epithelium and an inner retinal layer. The cells of the posterior lens wall start to elongate. During the fourth stage, the cavity of the lens vesicle is completely obliterated by primary lens fibers and the inner neuroblastic layer of the retina is formed with nerve fibers being traced from its cells to the optic stalk. The fifth stage is dominated by the appearance of lids, cornea and optic nerve, the formation of the anterior chamber and the consolidation of the intraocular portion of the embryonic vascular system. In the sixth stage, the eyelids fuse and the anterior margin of the optic cup begins to grow actively. In the last prenatal stage, the third neuron layer of the retina begins to differentiate. The iris and the folds of the ciliary body can be detected.