Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brainstem cconnections of the macula lagenae in the chicken

The macula lagenae, an otolithic hair‐cell organ with probable vestibular function, lies close to the apical end of the avian auditory hair‐cell epithelium, the papilla basilaris. In an earlier study in the pigeon in which lesioning techniques were used, Boord and Rasmussen ([1963] J. Comp.Neurol. 120:463–473] reported finding a projection of lagenar fibers to parts of the cochlear nuclei (nucleus magnocellularis and nucleus angularis). Subsequent to this report, it has been generally assumed that at least part of the cochlear nuclei has a vestibular or a combined vestibular‐auditory function.
The Chromatin Regulator Brpf 1 Regulates Embryo Development and Cell Proliferation *

Linya You, Kezhi Yan, Jinfeng Zou , Hong Zhao, Nicholas R. Bertos, Morag Park**, Edwin Wang , and Xiang-Jiao Yang** From the The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, and **McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
Geriatric Education for Surgical Residents: Identifying a Major Need

This study evaluated a program designed to test and enhance residents’ knowledge of geriatrics. A 2-year prospective interventional trial was conducted. Surgical residents underwent pretesting (pre) in three areas: polypharmacy, delirium, and end of life. They then received educational materials and completed a posttest within 1 month and a patient simulation examination graded by a physician observer and the patient on his or her satisfaction. Forty-nine residents (51% interns, 55% general surgery residents) participated. Seventy per cent had no prior geriatrics education. Test scores significantly improved from pretest to posttest (12.9 ± 3.1 vs 13.78 ± 3.12, P = 0.01). The scores were consistently better on poly topics and consistently worse on end-of-life topics: pretest per cent correct: polypharmacy 60, end of life 46, P = 0.007; posttest percent correct: polypharmacy 63, end of life 49, P = 0.0014. By Pearson correlation, the pretest and posttest scores did not correlate with either the observer (R = -0.16, P = 0.27 pre, R = -0.08, P = 0.59 post) or subscores (R = -0.27, P = 0.11 pre, R = -0.13, P = 0.45 post), although the observer and subscore correlated with each other (R = 0.35, P = 0.036). Performance was poor and did not correlate with better patient care by simulation. Other options for geriatric education need to be considered and evaluated.
Conformal bluetooth antenna for the watch-type wireless communication device application

A promising conformal Bluetooth monopole antenna in the watch-type wireless device has been proposed. The proposed antenna is short-circuited to an upper ground plane mounted above the system ground plane. Results have indicated that, with the proposed arrangement, the radiation efficiency can reach about 50% over the band with the presence of the user's forearm. In addition, the antenna shows a low profile of 4 mm only, and the thickness of the wireless device can be about 10 mm only, which makes it very promising and attractive to be worn around the user's wrist or forearm for practical applications.
What they didn't tell you about knowledge management

Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd what they didn t tell you about knowledge management to read.
Biomechanical Property of a Newly Designed Assembly Locking Compression Plate: Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

In this study, we developed and validated a refined three-dimensional finite element model of middle femoral comminuted fracture to compare the biomechanical stability after two kinds of plate fixation: a newly designed assembly locking compression plate (NALCP) and a locking compression plate (LCP). CT data of a male volunteer was converted to middle femoral comminuted fracture finite element analysis model. The fracture was fixated by NALCP and LCP. Stress distributions were observed. Under slow walking load and torsion load, the stress distribution tendency of the two plates was roughly uniform. The anterolateral femur was the tension stress area, and the bone block shifted toward the anterolateral femur. Maximum stress was found on the lateral border of the number 5 countersink of the plate. Under a slow walking load, the NALCP maximum stress was 2.160e+03 MPa and the LCP was 8.561e+02 MPa. Under torsion load, the NALCP maximum stress was 2.260e+03 MPa and the LCP was 6.813e+02 MPa. Based on those results of finite element analysis, the NALCP can provide adequate mechanical stability for comminuted fractures, which would help fixate the bone block and promote bone healing.
Stochastic Volatility in Underlyings and Downside Risk of Derivative Portfolios

We carry out a Monte-Carlo simulation of the downside risk of a standard derivative portfolio as a function of a change in stochastic volatility of the underlyings. We find that the reduction in downside risk for most loss levels becomes statistically significant only for very high volatility reversion levels. Those levels are hardly found in practice, and they lead to mild reductions of downside risk. The paper illustrates the counter-intuitive property that the common selection of underlyings with low fluctuations in volatility does not significantly reduce the downside risk of derivative portfolios, whereas it severely narrows down the set of tradable assets.
The Study of Resource Allocation among Software Development Phases: An Economics-Based Approach

This paper presents an economics-based approach for studying the problem of resource allocation among software development phases. Our approach is structured along two parallel axes: theoretical and empirical.We developed a general economic model for analyzing the allocation problem as a constrained profit maximization problem. The model, based on a novel concept of software production function, considers the effects of different allocations of development resources on output measures of the resulting software product. An empirical environment for evaluating and refining the model is presented, and a first exploratory study for characterizing the model's components and developers' resource allocation decisions is described. The findings illustrate how the model can be applied and validate its underlying assumptions and usability. Future quantitative empirical studies can refine and substantiate various aspects of the proposed model and ultimately improve the productivity of software development processes.
Cerebral neurocytoma. A new subset of benign neuronal tumors of the cerebrum

Three cases of patients with unusual neuronal tumors in the cerebral hemisphere are reported. All were associated with long‐standing epileptic seizures. Computed tomography disclosed low‐density lesions without contrast enhancement, which were interpreted as either arachnoid cysts or a cerebral infarction at initial diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging scans, however, revealed the lesions to be solid tumors. At surgery, the tumors were found to be relatively well demarcated, soft, and gelatinous. Histologically, all tumors were composed of small uniform stellate cells, which proliferated in a loose myxoid fibrillary matrix and resembled either oligodendroglial or astrocytic tumors. Ultrastructurally, however, all tumors showed neuronal differentiation, including numerous clear and occasional dense‐core vesicles, microtubules, and a number of synapses.
Heterogeneity among Isolates of Vibrio vulnificus Recovered from Eels (Anguilla anguilla) in Denmark

ABSTRACT The findings of this study demonstrate that Vibrio vulnificus isolates recovered from diseased eels in Denmark are heterogeneous as shown by O serovars, capsule types, ribotyping, phage typing, and plasmid profiling. The study includes 85 V. vulnificus isolates isolated from the gills, intestinal contents, mucus, spleen, and kidneys of eels during five disease outbreaks on two Danish eel farms from 1995 to 1997, along with a collection of 12V. vulnificus reference strains. The results showed that more than one serovar may be capable of causing disease in eels and that these isolates are genetically heterogenous as shown by ribotyping. Ribotyping also showed that the same isolates may persist in an eel farm and cause recurrent outbreaks. Phage typing did not correlate with ribotyping or serotyping. However, we observed that 26 of 28 isolates, which were not susceptible to any of the phages, showed the same ribotype, O serovar, and capsule type. This suggests that these isolates may possess features that make them resistant to lysis by the phages used in this study. Ninety-three of 97 isolates harbored between one and three high-molecular-weight plasmids which previously had been suggested to be associated with eel virulence. The subdivision of V. vulnificus into two biotypes based on the indole reaction can no longer be supported, since 82 of 97 isolates in this study were indole positive, and a subdivision into serovars appears to be more correct.
Polar diketopyrrolopyrrole-imidazolium salts as selective probes for staining mitochondria in two-photon fluorescence microscopy.

Three rationally designed polar derivatives of diketopyrrolopyrrole consisting of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium cationic units and benzene, thiophene, or furan rings as π spacers were synthesized and thoroughly studied. The obtained salts are soluble in polar organic solvents and show satisfactory solubility in water, which makes them suitable for the applications in bioimaging. Photophysical measurements revealed that the obtained derivatives are characterized by strong absorption and good fluorescence quantum yields. The corresponding two-photon properties were also examined and showed that the synthesized salts exhibit large two-photon absorption cross-sections reaching 4000 GM (GM=Goeppert-Mayer unit, 1 GM=10(-50) cm(4) s photon(-1) ) and very high two-photon brightness values exceeding 2000 GM. It was demonstrated that these salts can be safely applied in two-photon fluorescence microscopy for selective staining of mitochondria in living cells.
Antagonism of Innate Immunity by Paramyxovirus Accessory Proteins

Paramyxovirinae, a subfamily of Paramyxoviridae, are negative strand RNA viruses comprised of many important human and animal pathogens, which share a high degree of genetic and structural homology. The accessory proteins expressed from the P/V/C gene are major factors in the pathogenicity of the viruses, because of their ability to abrogate various facets of type I interferon (IFN) induction and signaling. Most of the paramyxoviruses exhibit a commonality in their ability to antagonize innate immunity by blocking IFN induction and the Jak/STAT pathway. However, the manner in which the accessory proteins inhibit the pathway differs among viruses. Similarly, there are variations in the capability of the viruses to counteract intracellular detectors (RNA helicases, mda-5 and RIG-I). Furthermore, a functional specificity in the antagonism of the IFN response has been reported, suggesting that specificity in the circumvention of innate immunity restricts viral host range. Available evidence indicates that paramyxoviruses employ specific strategies to antagonize the IFN response of their specific hosts, which is one of the major factors that determine viral pathogenicity and host range.
Patterns of Initial Recurrence in Completely Resected Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Objective:To review recurrence patterns in completely resected gastric adenocarcinoma. Summary Background Data:Despite improvements in the surgical treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma, recurrence rates remain high in patients with advanced stage disease. Understanding the timing and patterns of recurrence is essential to develop effective adjuvant treatment strategies. Methods:A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained gastric cancer database was carried out. The timing and pattern of recurrence were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors predictive of recurrence patterns. Results:From July 1985 through June 2000, 1172 patients underwent an R0 resection. Of these, 496 (42%) had recurrence and complete data on recurrence could be obtained in 367 patients (74%). Among the documented recurrences, 79% were detected within 2 years of operation. Locoregional sites were involved as any part of the recurrence pattern in 199 patients (54%). Distant sites were involved as any part of the recurrence in 188 patients (51%) and peritoneal recurrence was detected as any part of the recurrence in 108 patients (29%). On multivariate analysis, peritoneal recurrence was associated with female gender, advanced T-stage, and distal and diffuse type tumors; locoregional recurrence was associated with male gender and proximal location; distant recurrence was associated with proximal location, early T stage, and intestinal type tumors. The median time to death from the time of recurrence was 6 months. Conclusions:Recurrence after complete resection of gastric adenocarcinoma usually occurs within 2 years and is rapidly fatal. Patterns of recurrence are variable and may be associated with specific clinicopathologic factors.
Information and Control in Ventures & Alliances ∗

This paper develops a theory of control as a signal of congruence of objectives, and applies it to financial contracting between an investor and a privately informed entrepreneur. We show that formal investor control is (i) increasing in the information asymmetries ex ante, (ii) increasing in the uncertainty surrounding the venture ex post, (iii) decreasing in the entrepreneur’s resources, and (iv) increasing in the entrepreneur’s incentive conflict. In contrast, real investor control that is, actual investor interference is decreasing in information asymmetries. Control rights are further such that control shifts to the investor in bad states of nature.
Refining the shallow slip deficit

Geodetic slip inversions for three major (M_w > 7) strike-slip earthquakes (1992 Landers, 1999 Hector Mine and 2010 El Mayor–Cucapah) show a 15–60 per cent reduction in slip near the surface (depth < 2 km) relative to the slip at deeper depths (4–6 km). This significant difference between surface coseismic slip and slip at depth has been termed the shallow slip deficit (SSD). The large magnitude of this deficit has been an enigma since it cannot be explained by shallow creep during the interseismic period or by triggered slip from nearby earthquakes. One potential explanation for the SSD is that the previous geodetic inversions lack data coverage close to surface rupture such that the shallow portions of the slip models are poorly resolved and generally underestimated. In this study, we improve the static coseismic slip inversion for these three earthquakes, especially at shallow depths, by: (1) including data capturing the near-fault deformation from optical imagery and SAR azimuth offsets; (2) refining the interferometric synthetic aperture radar processing with non-boxcar phase filtering, model-dependent range corrections, more complete phase unwrapping by SNAPHU (Statistical Non-linear Approach for Phase Unwrapping) assuming a maximum discontinuity and an on-fault correlation mask; (3) using more detailed, geologically constrained fault geometries and (4) incorporating additional campaign global positioning system (GPS) data. The refined slip models result in much smaller SSDs of 3–19 per cent. We suspect that the remaining minor SSD for these earthquakes likely reflects a combination of our elastic model's inability to fully account for near-surface deformation, which will render our estimates of shallow slip minima, and potentially small amounts of interseismic fault creep or triggered slip, which could ‘make up’ a small percentages of the coseismic SSD during the interseismic period. Our results indicate that it is imperative that slip inversions include accurate measurements of near-fault surface deformation to reliably constrain spatial patterns of slip during major strike-slip earthquakes.
Cerebellar outflow lesions: A comparison of movement deficits resulting from lesions at the levels of the cerebellum and thalamus

Previous work has shown that lesions in the lateral cerebellum involving the dentate nucleus impair both reaching and pinching movements in humans and monkeys. This study addressed the question of whether disruption of the cerebellar‐thalamo‐cortical pathway at the level of the thalamus would produce behavioral deficits similar to those seen after dentate damage. We compared the performance of both reaching and pinching movements in patients with lateral cerebellar lesions and in patients with discrete lesions of the ventrolateral thalamus. The patients with thalamic lesions had minimal or no sensory loss and no corticospinal signs, suggesting that the abnormal movements were due to disruption of the cerebellar projection to the thalamus. We found that lesions of the ventrolateral thalamus resulted in impaired pinching movements, but remarkably normal reaching movements with the exception of a slight tremor. This is in contrast to the profound pinching and reaching impairments of patients with lateral cerebellar lesions involving the dentate nucleus. Implications about the functional organization of cerebellar output are discussed.
Separation of glutathione S-transferase activities with epoxides from the mouse liver h-protein, a major polycyclic hydrocarbon-binding protein.

The C3H mouse liver h-protein is a cytoplasmic protein to which metabolites of carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons bind covalently following i.p. injection. It has a number of physical properties similar to those of the glutathione S-transferases (EC 2.5.1.18). These properties include molecular weight (40,000), number of subunits (2), basic isoelectric point around 8.0, sedimentation coefficient (3.5S), and subcellular localization. In this communication, we have shown that glutathione S-transferase activities with 1,2-epoxy(3-p-nitrophenoxy)propane and benz[a]anthracene 5,6-oxide as substrates were separated from the h-protein on carboxymethylcellulose and isoelectrofocusing columns. The purification of the mouse h-protein as a [3H]-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene conjugate or as the free form is also described.
Death receptor signals to the mitochondria

Apoptosis is the best-characterized form of programmed cell death (PCD) and is of fundamental importance in tissue homeostasis. In mammalian systems, there are two major pathways that are involved in the initiation of apoptosis: the “extrinsic” death receptor pathway and the “intrinsic” mitochondrial pathway. Although these pathways act independently to initiate the death machinery in some cellular systems, in many cell types, including numerous tumor cells, there is delicate coordination and cross talk between the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which leads to the activation of the executioner caspase cascade. Additionally, there appears to be a fine balance between the caspase-mediated arm of death receptor signaling that engages mitochondria and the caspase-independent arm that promotes vacuole proliferation in many cells. Here, we review our current knowledge about the layers of complexity that are posed by the interactions between death receptor-induced pathways and how they influence mitochondria to regulate cellular life and death decisions.
NETWORK LAYER MOBILITY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT

In heterogeneous environment, mobility management represents the basis for providing seamless connectivity to users roaming between various access networks. Several network layer mobility management protocols have been and still are being developed. Each solution provides a specific functionality and requires operations of particular network entities. This paper surveys key protocols for providing network layer mobility support, possibilities of their improvements, as well as functionality achieved by combining them. Ključne reči: Handover, HetNets, mobile IP, mobility management, network layer.
Health-related quality of life in relation to gender and age in couples planning IVF treatment.

BACKGROUND Specific subgroups of people planning IVF might be at risk of having more psychological or health-related problems. Identification of subgroups at risk may better enable allocation of appropriate counselling. METHODS A group of 425 men and 447 women planning to undergo IVF treatment filled out a questionnaire. Four domains of health-related quality of life were measured, namely perceived emotional, physical, cognitive and social functioning. RESULTS Young men and women (aged 21-30 years) planning IVF had more short-term social and emotional problems than people of the same age group in the general population. No substantial differences were found in cognitive and physical functioning for all age groups of men nor women planning IVF compared with the general population. A high level of irrational parenthood cognitions substantially accounted for a less optimal score on all the different domains of quality of life. These cognitions ('needing a child in order to live a happy life') were especially prevalent among younger women. CONCLUSIONS Patients with high levels of irrational parenthood cognitions are at risk of a less optimal quality of life. A short cognitive counselling therapy is advised for patients with high levels of these cognitions.
Bronchial Involvement in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

It is probable that the lung is one of the commonest sites of involvement by sarcoidosis. In spite of the rapidly growing literature on the subject there is scanty mention of the disease affecting bronchi. This can be attributed to the fact that routine bronchoscopic and bronchial biopsy investigations have not been carried out in pulmonary sarcoidosis. In the study described in this paper an attempt was made to find out the frequency of bronchial disease in pulmonary sarcoidosis and to assess the value of bronchoscopic biopsy as a diagnostic procedure. The cases investigated complied with the definition of the U.S. National Research Council as quoted by Ricker and Clark (1949). All had histological evidence of epithelioid cell tubercles without central caseation (non-caseating tubercles) and with or without Langhans type giant cells. At the same time no tubercle bacilli could be grown from cultures of the sputum or cultures of lymph node tissue and no tubercle bacilli were seen on histology.