Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enclave tourism versus agritourism: the economic debate

The approaches to tourism development vary in different settings. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the conversation on the relative economic advantages of enclave and agritourism in a small island context. This study explicitly discusses these two forms of tourism in the island of Mauritius where tourism is a key pillar of the local economy. This study uses a novel format where stakeholder perspectives are reviewed based on a simulated debate between two sets of advocates. The debate arguments rely on a grounded methodology where in-depth interviews were conducted to gather the opinions of three substantial groups of stakeholders: notably, government officials, business interests and local community members. The multi-faceted arguments are built on the identified local concerns and perspectives and provide a forum for the voices of diverse participants from the tourism world of Mauritius. The format offers a rich, realistic set of arguments exploring the economic merits of both forms of tourism in a specific setting. Five main themes influence the economic support for tourism development: certainty of tourism income, scale of tourism development, employment, regional disparity and the challenge of change.
Management of co-morbid anxiety and alcohol disorders: parallel treatment of disorders.

Co-morbid alcohol-related disorders and anxiety disorders have been found to occur in alcohol treatment populations, anxiety treatment populations and the general community. People suffering from co-occurring alcohol-related and anxiety disorders are more prone to relapse to alcohol abuse, and more likely to re-enter the treatment system for either disorder than sufferers of either disorder without a co-morbid disorder. To review the current state of the management of this disorder, evidence of the prevalence of this co-morbid condition in clinical and community populations is examined, then the theoretical mechanisms that might explain this connection are reviewed. A comparison of the few treatment studies of co-morbid alcohol and anxiety disorders shows a limited number of pharmacological treatment trials and no psychotherapy outcome trials. This review shows that it is no longer sustainable to conceptualize co-morbidity of alcohol and anxiety disorders as a unitary concept, i.e. lumping alcohol-related and anxiety disorders as one global condition, but as separate distinct combinations of particular anxiety disorders, e.g. alcohol dependence and panic disorder, alcohol dependence and generalize anxiety disorder. The recommended treatment approach, supported by the evidence, is to offer separate and parallel therapy for the alcohol-related and anxiety disorder, until empirical evidence from treatment outcome studies suggest otherwise. There is an urgent need to conduct treatment outcome research for the subtypes of co-morbid alcohol and anxiety disorders.
早期评估NPM1突变阳性急性髓系白血病患者残留白血病水平的预后意义

目的 探讨NPM1突变阳性急性髓系白血病（AML）患者化疗后早期微小残留病（MRD）水平与预后的关系。 方法 回顾性分析137例初治成人伴NPM1基因主要突变（A、B、D突变）AML患者的治疗结果，以及化疗后早期时间点MRD（NPM1突变转录本）水平对预后的影响。 结果 在137例患者中，男67例（48.9%），中位年龄49（16~67）岁，染色体正常核型107例（78.1%），FLT3-ITD突变阳性57例（41.6%），初诊时NPM1基因突变转录本中位水平84.1%（4.1%~509.9%）。 在134例可评估的患者中，115例（85.8%）最终获完全缓解（CR）。 多因素分析显示，WBC<100×109/L（OR=0.3，95% CI 0.1~0.9，P=0.027）和初始诱导治疗为“IA10”方案（OR=0.3，95% CI 0.1~0.8，P=0.015）是获得CR的有利因素。 在108例可评估的CR患者中，存活患者中位随访24（2~91）个月，3年无病生存（DFS）和总生存（OS）率分别为48.0%和63. 9%。 多因素分析显示，FLT3-ITD突变阳性（HR=3.2，95% CI 1.6~6.7，P=0.002）、巩固治疗2个疗程后MRD高水平（NPM1突变转录本水平较治疗前下降<3个对数级，HR=23.2，95% CI 7.0~76.6，P<0.001）、未接受异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）（HR=2.6，95% CI 1.0~6.6，P=0.045）是影响患者DFS的不利因素；MRD在首次获得CR时高水平（NPM1突变转录本水平下降<2个对数级，HR=2.5，95% CI 1.0~6.1，P=0.040）和巩固治疗2个疗程后高水平（HR=4.5，95% CI 2.0~10.3，P<0.001）是影响患者OS的不利因素。 进一步分析78例接受化疗（或自体移植）的CR患者，3年DFS和OS率分别为39. 7%和59. 1%，FLT3-ITD突变阳性和巩固治疗2个疗程后MRD高水平是独立影响患者DFS（HR=3.5，95% CI 1.6~7.6，P=0.002和HR=8.9，95% CI 3.8~20.7，P<0.001）和OS（HR=2.7，95% CI 1.1~6.9，P=0. 036和HR=3.1，95% CI 1.2~8.0，P=0.021）的共同不利因素，此外，首次获得CR时MRD高水平（HR=3.1，95% CI 1.2~8.0，P=0.022）也是影响患者OS的不利因素。 结论 在NPM1突变阳性AML患者中，伴有FLT3-ITD突变和化疗后早期MRD高水平预示不良预后。
Binocular depth from surfaces versus volumes.

Subjects were asked to compare the relative depths of two binocular targets embedded in different random dot stereogram backgrounds. The disparities of the background points were either randomized, corresponding to a scattering of points within a volume, or arranged according to a sawtooth (triangle-wave) disparity profile (i.e., a set of slanted planar surfaces separated by sharp depth discontinuities). When the targets were embedded in the random volume, their depths were perceived in accordance with their relative disparities. But when the target points were embedded in the sawtooth surfaces their depths were systematically misperceived in a manner predicted by the incorrect depth interpretation of the background points. Rather than seeing a sawtooth pattern, the background points resembled a staircase in depth, and the targets, which appeared embedded in different steps, were misjudged in depth accordingly. The effect suggests a distinction between the depth processing of isolated binocular features and those associated with continuous surfaces.
Use of image analysis in DC inclined plane tracking tests of nano and micro composites

Leakage current magnitude is used as one of the failure criteria in the tracking and erosion test IEC 60587. The 3rd harmonic is also often used to identify periods of arcing activity. This technique is not available for the equivalent dc test. This paper presents the use of a machine vision camera alongside measurements of leakage current to identify discharge activity during dc testing and so enable determination of arc intermittency. This simple image processing technique is shown to add significant value to the existing leakage current analysis techniques and can provide an understanding of the process of degradation and its dependence on voltage polarity. Tests are reported on a commercial silicone rubber compound, a micro-filled epoxy resin, and the same epoxy resin system with nano particle fillers at 5% by weight. It is shown that the technique is applicable to this wide range of materials. It is also shown that changes to the performance of the epoxy compound by the addition of nano filler is due to more than just improving discharge resistance, reported elsewhere. The wettability of the samples is seen to be important, controlling moisture flow during a test. For this reason, in the case of the top electrode being positive, the nano filled material failed the test earlier than the standard material, with reduced erosion but increased leakage current.
Test-retest variability of multifocal visual evoked potential and SITA standard perimetry in glaucoma.

PURPOSE To investigate the test-retest variability of multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) and threshold perimetry in glaucoma, and to examine the relationship between the two techniques. METHODS Data were recorded using the AccuMap mfVEP and SITA standard program of the Humphrey Field Analyzer. Data were obtained twice within a 4-week period from both eyes of 74 patients with varying amounts of glaucomatous visual field loss. The number of defective test locations (those falling beyond a given probability value of being normal) were calculated for mfVEP and SITA, using databases incorporated within the instruments software. Reliability measures and test times were recorded along with patient test preference. RESULTS Both tests showed a large degree of test-retest variability in the number of defective test locations (95% limits of agreement for mfVEP and SITA being 13.39 and 9.88, respectively). A "fair to moderate" degree of spatial agreement was found between mfVEP and SITA. The number of mfVEP defective locations was dependent on the signal amplitude. No relationship was found between test-retest variability and the reliability indices for either test. The mean time taken to perform mfVEP and SITA standard was 33 and 20 minutes, respectively, and 73 of the 74 patients preferred the mfVEP test. CONCLUSIONS Test-retest variability was found to be slightly greater for mfVEP. The processing of mfVEP signals needs to be changed to remove the relationship between the number of defective locations and signal amplitude. The majority of patients preferred mfVEP to conventional perimetry although mfVEP takes longer to perform.
Risk factors in the HIV population Traditional CKD

Alessia Bertoldi1, Elisa De Crignis2*, Anna Miserocchi1,5*, Isabella Bon1, Giuseppina Musumeci1, Serena Longo1, Vanessa D’Urbano1, Gaetano La Manna3, Leonardo Calza4, Maria Carla Re1 1Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy; 2Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 3Clinics of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy; 4Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy; 5Research Group for Industrial Applications of Plasmas, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna; *These authors contributed equally to this work
Evidence for a Circadian Rhythm of Susceptibility to Retinal Light Damage†,¶

Abstract This study investigated a possible circadian rhythm of light damage susceptibility in photoreceptors of both cyclic light-reared and dark-reared rats. A single exposure to intense green light was administered, beginning either in the early light period, the late light period or the dark period. In some animals exposed in the dark period, the synthetic antioxidant dimethylthiourea was administered before or after the onset of intense light exposure. Retinas were examined either immediately after exposure or after 2 weeks of recovery in darkness. Rod outer segment length and outer nuclear layer thickness measurements were used to assess light damage, along with qualitative analysis of swelling and disruption of the outer retinal layers. In all animals, retinal light damage was the most severe when intense light exposure began during the dark period. However, this severe damage was significantly reduced by pretreatment with the antioxidant. In a separate set of unexposed animals, fluctuations in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone concentrations followed the same time course, regardless of the light regime during rearing. Our data support the notion of a circadian rhythm of light damage susceptibility that peaks in the dark period and yet can be modulated by the exogenous administration of an antioxidant.
Do we truly see what we think we see? The role of cognitive bias in pathological interpretation

In the histomorphological grading of prostate carcinoma, pathologists have regularly assigned comparable scores for the architectural Gleason and the now‐obsolete nuclear World Health Organization (WHO) grading systems. Although both systems demonstrate good correspondence between grade and survival, they are based on fundamentally different biological criteria. We tested the hypothesis that this apparent concurrence between the two grading systems originates from an interpretation bias in the minds of diagnostic pathologists, rather than reflecting a biological reality. Three pathologists graded 178 prostatectomy specimens, assigning Gleason and WHO scores on glass slides and on digital images of nuclei isolated out of their architectural context. The results were analysed with respect to interdependencies among the grading systems, to tumour recurrence (PSA relapse > 0.1 ng/ml at 48 months) and robust nuclear morphometry, as assessed by computer‐assisted image analysis. WHO and Gleason grades were strongly correlated (r = 0.82) and demonstrated identical prognostic power. However, WHO grades correlated poorly with nuclear morphology (r = 0.19). Grading of nuclei isolated out of their architectural context significantly improved accuracy for nuclear morphology (r = 0.55), but the prognostic power was virtually lost. In conclusion, the architectural organization of a tumour, which the pathologist cannot avoid noticing during initial slide viewing at low magnification, unwittingly influences the subsequent nuclear grade assignment. In our study, the prognostic power of the WHO grading system was dependent on visual assessment of tumour growth pattern. We demonstrate for the first time the influence a cognitive bias can have in the generation of an error in diagnostic pathology and highlight a considerable problem in histopathological tumour grading. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical characteristics of systemic sclerosis patients with digital ulcers in China.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical characteristics of SSc patients with DUs in China. METHODS The data of 267 consecutive SSc patients based on the EUSTAR DATABASE from Peking Union Medical College Hospital from February 2009 to March 2012 were prospectively collected. The patients with DUs were compared to those without DUs. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients (29.6%) had DUs out of 267 SSc patients analysed. There were significant differences between patients with and without DU based on sex (female/male: 65/14 vs. 174/14), age of onset of SSc (32.3±11.7 vs. 40.4±12.6 y), age of onset of Raynaud's phenomenon (31.8±12.3 vs. 38.7±12.2) (p<0.05). In addition, there was a higher rate of diffuse SSc, gastrointestinal involvement, (especially esophageal involvement), and pericardial effusion, higher mRodnan score, and more anti-scl70 antibody positivity in patients with DU (p<0.05). A multivariate analysis identified anti-Scl70 antibody positivity, gastrointestinal involvement and a younger age at disease onset as three risk factors for developing DUs in SSc patients. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of DUs in Chinese SSc patients is frequent. It is possible that SSc patients with DUs were influenced by the disease earlier in life, which should be detected early for effective intervention.
The Design of Ultra Low Power CMOS CGLNA in Nanometer Technology

In this paper, an ultra low power CMOS common gate LNA (CGLNA) with a capacitive cross-coupled (CCC) gm boosting scheme is designed and analysed. The technique described has been employed in literature to reduce the noise figure (NF). In this work we have extended the concept for low voltage operation along with improving NF and also for significant reduction in current consumption. A gm boosted CCCCGLNA is implemented in 90nm CMOS technology. It has a gain of 9.9dB and a noise figure of 0.87dB at 2.4GHz ISM band and consumes less power (0.5mw) from 0.6V supply voltage. The designed gm boosted CCC-CGLNA is suitable for low power application in CMOS technologies.
A cooperative multi-agent platform for invention based on ontology and patent document analysis

We propose a cooperative multi-agent platform to support the invention process based on the patent document analysis. It helps industrial knowledge managers to retrieve and analyze existing patent documents and extract structure information from patents with the aid of ontology and natural language processing techniques. It allows the invention process to be carried out through the cooperation and coordination among software agents delegated by the various domain experts in the complex industrial R&D environment. Furthermore, it integrates the patent document analysis with the inventive problem solving method known as TRIZ method that can suggest invention directions based on the heuristics or principles to resolve the contradictions among design objectives and engineering parameters. We chose the patent invention for Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) as our case study. However, the platform and techniques could be extended to most cooperative invention domains.
Association of boiled and filtered coffee with incidence of first nonfatal myocardial infarction: the SHEEP and the VHEEP study

Abstract. Hammar N, Andersson T, Alfredsson L, Reuterwall C, Nilsson T, Hallqvist J, Knutsson A, Ahlbom A (Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm Center of Public Health, Stockholm, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Västernorrland County Council, Sundsvall, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Norrland University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden) Association of boiled and filtered coffee with incidence of first nonfatal myocardial infarction: the SHEEP and the VHEEP study. J Intern Med 2003; 253: 653–659.
Neural Correlates of Modality-specific Spatial Extinction

Sites of lesions responsible for visual, tactile, and/or motor extinction have not been clearly identified. We sought to determine the frequency of extinction in various modalities immediately after acute ischemic stroke, the rate of co-occurrence of extinction across modalities, and areas of infarct and/or hypoperfusion associated with each modality of extinction. A total of 148 patients with right supratentorial stroke were studied. In Study 1, 88 patients without hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, or visual field cuts were tested within 24 hours of onset for visual, tactile, and motor extinction, and underwent magnetic resonance diffusion and perfusion imaging. Associations between modality of extinction and areas of neural dysfunction (hypoperfusion/infarct) were identified. Of the 88 patients, 19 had only tactile extinction, 8 had only visual extinction, 12 had only motor extinction, 14 had extinction in two or more modalities, and 35 had no extinction. Tactile extinction was associated with neural dysfunction in the inferior parietal lobule; visual extinction was associated with dysfunction in the visual association cortex; and motor extinction was associated with neural dysfunction in the superior temporal gyrus. In Study 2, data from 60 patients who were excluded from Study 1 because of motor deficits were analyzed in the same way to determine whether frontal lesions contributed to visual or tactile extinction. Results again demonstrated that tactile extinction is associated with inferior parietal dysfunction, and visual extinction is associated with dysfunction of the visual association cortex. Potential accounts of the results, based on the hemisphere rivalry model of extinction and the limited attentional capacity model, are considered.
The effects of prolonged ketamine-xylazine intravenous infusion on arterial blood pH, blood gases, mean arterial blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature and reflexes in the rabbit.

The prolonged and safe maintenance of general anesthesia in rabbits with commonly used injectable agents is difficult. Protracted, stable anesthesia with short recovery time has been described in humans using continuous intravenous infusion of ketamine with or without sedatives, muscle relaxants and paralytics. This study evaluated the anesthetic plane achieved and respiratory and cardiovascular effects produced with a ketamine-xylazine intravenous infusion in New Zealand White rabbits. Ten female rabbits were anesthetized with intramuscularly administered ketamine hydrochloride (35 mg/kg) and xylazine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg) after the preanesthetic, baseline measurements of arterial blood pO2, pCO2 and pH and heart and respiratory rates were recorded. The above parameters as well as mean arterial blood pressure, righting, palpebral, pedal, and jaw reflexes were monitored ten minutes after the intramuscularly administered dosage and throughout 4 hours of infusion. Results showed moderate hypotension (21.2% deviation from normal, p less than 0.008) and profound hypoxemia (45% deviation from baseline, p less than 0.001) 10 minutes after the intramuscularly administered induction dosage. Then, the 4 hour infusion of ketamine (1 mg/minute) and xylazine (0.1 mg/minute) was started. Hypotension progressed (49.1% deviation from normal, p less than 0.008), but hypoxemia and hypercarbemia gradually improved with no resultant change (p greater than 0.1) in arterial pH. There was no significant change (p greater than 0.1) in respiratory rate but varying qualities of respiration were observed. Both mean arterial pO2 and pCO2 values returned to baseline within 20 minutes after completion of infusion. Heart rate and rectal temperature remained stable during the trial. The righting reflex was abolished in all rabbits throughout the study. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors and arterial stiffness in young adults: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project

Objectives This study aimed to investigate whether the clustering of the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with stiffness of central and peripheral arterial segments; whether these associations are similar in men and women; and whether insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation mediate any such associations. Background Increased arterial stiffness may explain, at least in part, the increased cardiovascular and diabetes risk associated with the MetS. However, the mechanisms linking the MetS to an increased arterial stiffness are incompletely understood, and gender differences may exist. Methods Cross-sectional analyses of data on 313 young men and women (mean age 23 years) from the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project. Subjects were categorized according to the number of traits of the MetS; in addition a continuous MetS score was calculated. Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) in three arterial segments using a non-invasive optical method. Results The prevalence of the MetS was similar for men (10.6%) and women (10.5%). After adjustment for potential confounders and other cardiovascular risk factors, PWV of the three arterial segments investigated increased with increasing traits of the MetS in women only. Women with the MetS, as compared to those without risk factors of the syndrome, had greater PWV of the aorto-iliac (+14.0%, P = 0.016), the aorto-radial (+13.2%, P = 0.010) and aorto-dorsalis pedis (+11.8%, P = 0.011) segments. A great deal (up to 75%) of the association between the MetS and aortic–iliac PWV was mediated by heart rate, inflammation markers [C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen] and insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], whereas these variables did not explain much of the association between the MetS and PWV of the peripheral segments. Conclusions Young women with the MetS show increased stiffness of peripheral and central arteries, a mechanism that may explain their increased cardiovascular risk. Low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and sympathetic activation explain much of the adverse impact of the MetS on central, but not peripheral, arterial stiffness.
A Management, Leadership, and Board Road Map to Transforming Care for Patients

&NA; Over the last decade I have studied 115 healthcare organizations in 11 countries, examining them from the boardroom to the patient bedside. In that time, I have observed one critical element missing from just about every facility: a set of standards that could reliably produce zero‐defect care for patients. This lack of standards is largely rooted in the Sloan management approach, a top‐down management and leadership structure that is void of standardized accountability. This article offers an alternative approach: management by process—an operating system that engages frontline staff in decisions and imposes standards and processes on the act of managing. Organizations that have adopted management by process have seen quality improve and costs decrease because the people closest to the work are expected to identify problems and solve them. Also detailed are the leadership behaviors required for an organization to successfully implement the management‐by‐process operating system and the board of trustees’ role in supporting the transformation.