Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins and Human Origin Recognition Complex 2 Protein on Chromatin*

Minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) proteins and the constituents of the origin recognition complex (Orc) are essential components of the eukaryotic replication initiation apparatus. Published evidence strongly suggests that the binding of Mcm proteins to chromatin is contingent upon the prior binding of Orc proteins. Here we use two different approaches to investigate the presence of the human ORC2 protein and of Mcm proteins on chromatin of HeLa cells in various cell cycle phases. First, we mobilized chromatin-bound proteins by micrococcal nuclease and analyzed the resulting digestion products by sucrose gradient centrifugations. Under digestion conditions when Mcm proteins were almost entirely released from chromatin, ORC2 protein was found to be associated with chromatin fragments containing several hundred base pairs of DNA. Second, we used an in vivocross-linking procedure to covalently link Mcm proteins and ORC2 to DNA by short exposure of intact HeLa cells to formaldehyde. Specific immunoprecipitations revealed that cross-linked nucleoprotein fragments carried either Mcm proteins or ORC2 protein, but not both. Based on the lengths of the DNA fragments in immunoprecipitates, we estimate that the distance between chromatin-bound ORC2 protein and chromatin-bound Mcm proteins must be at least 500–1000 base pairs in HeLa cells.
Lack of prognostic significance of the pretreatment labeling and mitotic indices of marrow blasts in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL)

The prognostic significance of the pretreatment growth characteristics of marrow blasts was examined in 37 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) treated with a similar therapeutic regimen. Initial mitotic index (MI) and in vitro 3H‐thymidine labeling index (LI) were broadly distributed showing no correlation to other initial variables, such as age or absolute blast count. No relationship whatsoever was observed between the pretreatment LI, MI and either the likelihood of achieving a complete remission or the remission and survival length. We conclude that the initial growth characteristics of marrow blasts do not play a significant role in predicting the therapeutic response in ANLL; age, modality of therapy and, possibly, the dynamic perturbations of the proliferative activity of the blast cells induced by treatment should be regarded as more reliable prognostic indicators in ANLL.
Denial and Repression

Among the manifold defenses employed by the ego we find certain mechanisms, such as isolation, denial, introjection, projection, which appear to play a far more prominent role in borderline or psychotic patients than in neurotics. Apparently, such patients call upon this type of defense because of a deficient repressive ability of the ego. But this statement does not cover the much more complicated facts. To be sure, these patients do not present an even, firm barrier of repressions with solid countercathectic ego formations which permit only certain id strivings and id derivatives to pass or intrude into the ego. Latent psychotics may have very rigid reaction formations, mostly of a compulsive type. But the latter are very fragile. During treatment we observe that such patients obstinately cling to them in frightening awareness that their potential breakdown might usher in an overt psychosis. As to the nature of their repressions, we are surprised to find that the same patients who are at any moment ready to produce undisguised id material, such as conscious incestuous and homosexual fantasies and the like, may present amnesias covering the most significant and traumatic childhood periods like an iron curtain that cannot be lifted. Their oedipal and preoedipal past i s n r may become-alive in terms of the present, but quite disconnected from their infantile history which cannot be unearthed. For instance, a schizophrenic boy of nineteen would at times develop abundant pregenital and genital incestuous and homo-
Ethanol's actions on cAMP-mediated signaling in cells transfected with type VII adenylyl cyclase.

BACKGROUND Adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity is increased in the presence of ethanol. The magnitude of ethanol's action on AC depends on the isoform of AC expressed in a particular cell type. Type VII AC demonstrates the greatest potentiation of activity in the presence of ethanol, but questions have arisen regarding the effects of pharmacologically relevant (approximately 50 mM) concentrations of ethanol on type VII AC activity. Questions also remain as to whether the potentiation of AC activity by ethanol initiates downstream effects on protein kinase A activity. METHODS HEK293 (human embryonic kidney 293) cells overexpressing type VII AC were used to study the dose-dependent actions of ethanol on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. Studies were performed in the presence and absence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Protein kinase A activity was assessed under conditions similar to those used to measure ethanol's actions on AC. RESULTS A significantly greater percent stimulation of prostaglandin E1-mediated cAMP accumulation was evident in the absence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and Ro 20-1724 than in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors. We also showed that ethanol was not, itself, acting as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The calculated percent stimulation of AC activity by ethanol depended on the baseline levels of cAMP production in the absence of ethanol. In the absence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (or other phosphodiesterase inhibitors), a 50 mM concentration of ethanol produced a 56% increase in prostaglandin E1-stimulated cAMP production in the type VII AC transfected HEK293 cells. This concentration of ethanol also produced a significant activation of protein kinase A beyond that produced by prostaglandin E1 alone. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that, in the presence of a particular isoform of AC, moderately intoxicating concentrations of ethanol will significantly potentiate the transmitter-mediated activation of the cAMP signaling cascade. Activation of this signaling cascade may have important implications for the mechanisms by which ethanol produces intoxication and/or in the mechanisms of neuroadaptation leading to tolerance to, and physical dependence on, ethanol.
C Mixed Triglyceride Breath Test: A Noninvasive Method to Assess Lipase Activity in Children

Background: Results from the C mixed triglyceride (MTG) breath test correlate with duodenal lipase activity in adults. This noninvasive test is a potential screening and diagnostic tool for children with fat malabsorption. The aim of this study was to adapt the methodology of the MTG breath test to study test meals and sampling methods and to define normal values for healthy children of all age groups; premature and full-term infants have similar pancreatic lipase deficiencies. Methods: After parental consent was obtained, 12 premature infants (< 37 weeks gestation and with body weights > 2 kg), 12 full-term infants (1–6 months old), 20 children (3–10 years old), and 20 teenagers (11–17 years old) were tested. All children were thriving well, had no gastrointestinal or respiratory problems, and had not received any medication that contained natural C. For the premature and full-term infants, a formula was prepared that had a low and stable natural C content mixed with 100 mg C-labeled MTG (1,3-distearyl, 2-[Ccarboxyl] octanoyl glycerol) and 1 g polyethylene-glycol 3350. The best accepted test meal for children over 3 years old was a slice of white bread with 5 g butter and 15 g chocolate paste, mixed with 250 mg C-labeled MTG, and a glass of 100 mL whole-fat milk. Children over 3 years old were able to blow through a straw in a vacutainer for collecting the breath samples. In children under 3 years old, expired air was collected by aspirating breath via a nasal prong. Carbon dioxide production was calculated according to weight, age, and sex. Results: For healthy pediatric control participants, the mean values for cumulative excretion of CO2 as a percentage of the administered dose after 6 hours were 23.9 ± 5.2% in premature infants, 31.9 ± 7.7% in full-term infants, 32.5 ± 5.3% in children, and 28.0 ± 5.4% in teenagers. The mean value for healthy adults is 35.6% with a lower reference limit of 22.8%. Conclusions: Age-specific test meals and breath-sampling techniques for the MTG breath test were defined. The mean values for different age groups may serve as guidelines for normal values in the pediatric population. The cumulative values for expired CO2 were above the lower limit for adults, which suggests that preduodenal lipases compensates for pancreatic lipase deficiency in premature and full-term infants. JPGN 32:579–585, 2001.
Solution structure and dynamics of bovine β‐lactoglobulin A

Using heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy, we studied the solution structure and dynamics of bovine β‐lactoglobulin A at pH 2.0 and 45 °C, where the protein exists as a monomeric native state. The monomeric NMR structure, comprising an eight‐stranded continuous antiparallel β‐barrel and one major α‐helix, is similar to the X‐ray dimeric structure obtained at pH 6.2, including βIstrand that forms the dimer interface and loop EF that serves as a lid of the interior hydrophobic hole. {1H}‐15N NOE revealed that βf, βg, and βH strands buried under the major α‐helix are rigid on a pico‐ to nanosecond time scale and also emphasized rapid fluctuations of loops and the N‐ and C‐terminal regions.
Phase II multicenter study of oblimersen sodium, a Bcl‐2 antisense oligonucleotide, in combination with rituximab in patients with recurrent B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma

Oblimersen sodium plus rituximab was evaluated in relapsed/refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients. Oblimersen was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion at a daily dose of 3 mg/kg/d for 7 d on alternate weeks for 3 weeks. Rituximab was given at a weekly dose of 375 mg/m2 for six doses. Patients with stable disease or objective response were allowed to receive a second course of treatment. The overall response rate (ORR) was 42% with 10 complete responses (CR) and eight partial responses (PR). Twelve (28%) patients achieved a minimal response or stable disease. Among the 20 patients with follicular lymphoma the ORR was 60% (eight CR, four PR). Three of the responders were refractory to prior treatment with rituximab, and two of the responses occurred in patients who had failed an autologous stem cell transplant. Median duration of response was 12 months. Most toxicities were low grade and reversible. In conclusion, oblimersen sodium can be safely combined with rituximab. The combination appears to be most beneficial in patients with indolent NHL and warrants further investigation in a large randomized trial.
First characterization of inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) beta-lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains

Two clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, TP 01 and TP 02, presented resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate and were fully susceptible to cephalothin. These strains produced two beta-lactamases, SHV-1 and a TEM enzyme with a pI of 5.2. The previously described changes Arg-244-->Cys and Arg-244-->Ser in IRT-1 and IRT-2 (A. Belaaouaj, C. Lapoumeroulie, M. M. Caniça, G. Vedel, P. Nevot, R. Krishnamoorthy, and G. Paul, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 120:75-80, 1994) were found in TEM enzymes from the TP 01 and TP 02 strains, respectively. This is the first report of inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) in species other than Escherichia coli from the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Psychopathology and psychiatric diagnoses of World War II Pacific theater prisoner of war survivors and combat veterans.

OBJECTIVE This study assessed current and long-term psychological and psychiatric sequelae of war trauma in World War II Pacific theater combat veterans, some of whom had been Japanese prisoners of war (POWs). METHOD A group of 36 POW survivors and a group of 29 combat veterans, all of whom had seen fierce fighting and heavy unit casualties, were compared approximately 40 years later on psychological instruments assessing psychopathology constructs, negative mood states, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and on the computer-administered National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. RESULTS Although similar in personal backgrounds and in having suffered catastrophic war trauma, the two groups differed in the severity and type of psychiatric symptoms and in the occurrence of psychiatric disorders. Anxiety and depressive disorders were common in both groups, but there were differences in the frequency of PTSD diagnoses. Among the POW survivors, 70% fulfilled the criteria for a current diagnosis and 78% for a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD, compared to 18% and 29%, respectively, of the combat veterans. CONCLUSIONS The findings point to the persistent nature of symptoms thought to be residuals of extraordinary stress and the relation between severity of psychiatric sequelae and characteristics of the stressors.
Diffuse Plaques in the Striatum in Alzheimer Disease (AD): Relationship to the Striatal Mosaic and Selected Neuropeptide Markers

Although neuritic and diffuse plaques generally coexist in Alzheimer disease (AD) neocortex, the predominance of diffuse plaques in the striatum prompted us to explore the potential influence of striatal features such as the striatal mosaic on β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. Using double immunohistochemistry with an antibody to Aβ in combination with antibodies to met-enkephalin or somatostatin, we investigated the relationship between diffuse plaques and neuropeptide distribution in the dorsal striatum. This relationship was examined in “pure” AD cases as well as in AD cases with coexisting Parkinson disease (PD) pathology, i.e. nigral degeneration and Lewy bodies at any site (AD+PD). Despite the presence of numerous Aβ-positive diffuse plaques in both groups, the mosaic pattern, as exemplified by met-enkephalin-immunoreactive patches, was preserved. No obvious association was observed between the plaques and met-enkephalin-positive patches or somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the matrix was, however, diminished in AD+PD, most likely reflecting the nigral degeneration in these cases. Overall, these observations suggest that neostriatal Aβ deposition in AD is not influenced by environmental factors associated with the striatal mosaic.
Automatic Problem Generation for Capture-the-Flag Competitions

Computer security games, especially capture-the-flag (CTF) competitions, are growing in popularity. A typical CTF contest presents users with a set of hacking challenges, where correct solutions reveal a text “flag” that can be submitted to a scoring server. In traditional CTF architectures, the problem and the flag are the same across the competition. In this paper we discuss automatic problem generation (APG), where a given challenge is not fixed, but rather can have many different automatically generated problem instances. APG offers players a unique competition experience and can facilitate deliberate practice where problems vary just enough to make sure a user can replicate the solution idea. APG also allows competition administrators the ability to detect when users submit a copied flag from another user to the scoring server. In 2014 we ran a large-scale CTF competition called PicoCTF, where we measured the prevalence of flag sharing. Our results indicate that about 0.8% of flags submitted to AGP problems were copied, with 14% of teams submitting at least one shared flag. In 68% of flag sharing cases, teams went on to eventually solve the problem on their own.
Zooxanthellar Symbionts Shape Host Sponge Trophic Status Through Translocation of Carbon

Sponges belonging to the genus Cliona are common inhabitants of many coral reefs, and as bioeroders, they play an important role in the carbonate cycle of the reef. Several Cliona species maintain intracellular populations of dinoflagellate zooxanthellae (i.e., Symbiodinium spp.), which also form symbioses with a variety of other invertebrates and protists (e.g., corals, molluscs, foraminifera). Unlike the case of coral symbioses, however, almost nothing is known of the metabolic interaction between sponges and their zooxanthella symbionts. To assess this interaction, we performed a tracer experiment to follow C and N in the system, performed a reciprocal transplant experiment, and measured the stable carbon isotope ratio of Cliona spp. with and without zooxanthellae to study the influence of environment on the interaction. We found strong evidence of a transfer of C from zooxanthellae to their sponge hosts but no evidence of a transfer of N from sponge to zooxanthellae. We also saw significant influences of the environment on the metabolism of the sponges. Finally, we observed significant differences in carbon metabolism of sponge species with and without symbionts. These data strongly support hypotheses of metabolic integration between zooxanthellae and their sponge host and extend our understanding of basic aspects of benthic-pelagic coupling in shallow-water marine environments.
Trends in Optimal, Suboptimal, and Questionably Appropriate Receipt of Antenatal Corticosteroid Prophylaxis

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a population-based study to assess rates of optimal, suboptimal, and questionably appropriate administration of antenatal corticosteroid (betamethasone or dexamethasone) use. METHODS: All live births in Nova Scotia, Canada, from 1988 to 2012 were included in the study. Temporal trends in optimal (proportion of live births at 24–34 weeks of gestation exposed to antenatal corticosteroids between 24 hours and 7 days before delivery), suboptimal (proportion of live births at 24–34 weeks of gestation exposed to antenatal corticosteroids less than 24 hours or more than 7 days before delivery), and questionably appropriate exposure to antenatal corticosteroids (proportion of live births 35 weeks of gestation or greater exposed to antenatal corticosteroids) were quantified using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Among 246,459 live births between 1988 and 2012, 2.5% received a partial or a full course of antenatal corticosteroids. The rate of antenatal corticosteroid exposure for neonates born between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation increased from 39.5% in 1988–1992 to 79.3% in 2008–2012, whereas exposure for those born at 33–34 weeks of gestation increased from 14.3 to 49.7%. Optimal antenatal corticosteroid receipt increased from 10% in 1988 to 23% in 2012 (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.6–4.5), suboptimal administration increased from 7 to 34% (OR 6.7, 95% CI 3.9–11.6), and questionably appropriate administration increased from 0.2% in 1988 to 1.7% in 2012 (OR 7.5, 95% CI 4.9–11.3). Of the women who received antenatal corticosteroids in 2012, 52% delivered at 35 weeks of gestation or greater. CONCLUSION: Temporal increases in optimal exposure to antenatal corticosteroids have been matched by increases in suboptimal and questionably appropriate receipt of antenatal corticosteroids, highlighting the need for accurate preterm delivery prognostic models. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
The Study on the Wireless Power Transfer System for Mobile Robots

A wireless power transfer system can attribute to the fields in robot, aviation and space in which lightening the weight of device and improving the movement play an important role. A wireless power transfer system was investigated to overcome the inconvenience of using power cable. Especially a wireless power transfer technology is important element for mobile robots. We proposed the wireless power transfer system of the half-bridge resonant converter with the frequency tracking and optimized power transfer control unit. And the possibility of the application and development system was verified through the experiment with LED loads. Abstract—Wireless Power Transmission (WPT), resonance frequency, protection circuit. LED.Wireless Power Transmission (WPT), resonance frequency, protection circuit. LED.
Getting off the Bench: EEG and HRV Differences Between Starters and Nonstarters

There is a strong interest in what separates top-level performers from those who have yet to achieve the same level, across all performance domains. Advances in psychophysiology give insight into where these differences may lie in the minds and bodies of athletes. The present study compared gymnasts who were selected for the competitive lineup to those who were considered part of the Division I gymnastics beam squad but did not compete. This study compared their initial baselines, their response to heart rate variability and neurofeedback training, and their posttraining levels. Baseline differences existed for self-perception of consistency and confidence. There were no pre or post differences in heart rate variability measures. Sensorimotor rhythm electroencephalography (EEG) biofeedback training was associated with a decline in busy brain waves for the competitors. The competitors also had a lower ratio of intensity (intensity/high alpha) in both the pre- and post-EEG measures.
Emotion-aware system for upper extremity rehabilitation

Immersive and multimodal sensory feedback was implemented to improve neurorehabilitation movement training. A major aspect of feedback is to reflect back the patient's psychophysiological state into the environment, and also to use this as a guidance mechanism as to how events within the virtual environment unfold. The virtual environment was constructed using haptic, visual and acoustic primitives (basic sets of changes applied to the multimodal virtual environment that are expected to change the psychophysiological state of the patient). State transitions between primitives are defined as a response to changes in the user's psychological state and motor performance. The mapping of biomechanical and physiological measurements to motor performance and psychological state and then to changes in action primitives was implemented using a fuzzy-logic system.
Local Subspace Classifier with Transform-Invariance for Image Classification

A family of linear subspace classifiers called local subspace classifier (LSC) outperforms the k-nearest neighbor rule (kNN) and conventional subspace classifiers in handwritten digit classification. However, LSC suffers very high sensitivity to image transformations because it uses projection and the Euclidean distances for classification. In this paper, I present a combination of a local subspace classifier (LSC) and a tangent distance (TD) for improving accuracy of handwritten digit recognition. In this classification rule, we can deal with transform-invariance easily because we are able to use tangent vectors for approximation of transformations. However, we cannot use tangent vectors in other type of images such as color images. Hence, kernel LSC (KLSC) is proposed for incorporating transform-invariance into LSC via kernel mapping. The performance of the proposed methods is verified with the experiments on handwritten digit and color image classification.