Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Step-Up Interleaved dc–dc Converter With Asymmetric Voltage Multiplier Cell and Coupled Inductor

In this article, a novel high step-up interleaved dc–dc converter is presented, which is composed of an interleaved structure, an asymmetric voltage multiplier cell (AVMC), and a passive lossless clamped circuit. Compared to the classical interleaved boost converter, the proposed converter has a higher voltage gain owing to the employment of the AVMC and the coupled inductor. In addition, the input current ripple is limited to low values with the help of the interleaved structure, which gives more lifetime to the input power source. The voltage stresses of main switches are substantially low so that the MOSFETs with low voltage rate and ON-resistance ( $R_{\textrm {DS}(\mathrm{ON})} $ ) can be used. In addition, the voltage stresses and the reverse recovery problems of diodes are improved dramatically. Moreover, the zero current switching (ZCS) turn-on of switches and the ZCS turn-off of the clamp diodes are realized to reduce the switching losses. The leakage inductor energy is recycled and the voltage spikes are improved greatly by the passive lossless clamped circuit so that the efficiency can be upgraded further. Finally, a 400-W, 40-V-input, 400-V-output prototype is established to demonstrate the performance of this converter. The highest efficiency is about 97.3% and the full-load efficiency is approximately 97%.
Microscopy Study of the Morphology of Carbonized ZIF-67 Tailored by CTAB

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used in gas storage, catalysis, biomedical and electrochemical studies [1]. Among them, the carbonized ZIF-67 exhibits excellent performance in catalytic oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) [2], and the addition of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) has a great influence on its ORR performance. Therefore, it is crucial to study the relationship between the structure and performance of the carbonized ZIF-67 with the addition of CTAB. In this study, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) is employed to investigate effects of CTAB on the morphology and electrocatalytic properties of carbonized ZIF-67. In a typical experiment, 1.43 g of Co(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and 3.24 g of 2-methylimidazole were dissolved in 50 mL methanol with or without 0.2 g/L CTAB in the solution. Then, the solution was mixed under magnetic stirring for 20 min and stood at 30  C for 24 h. Solid product was separated by centrifugation and washed with methanol for three times, followed by vacuum drying at 40  C for 48 h. The as-prepared ZIF-67 above was carbonized under N 2 atmosphere at 600  C for 3 h with a heating rate of 2  C/min and naturally cooled down to room temperature. The morphology of ZIF-67 and carbonized products was characterized by FESEM (JSM-6700F, JEOL), and electrochemical tests were conducted at a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE-3A, ALS Co.) on a CHI760D electrochemical work station with Ag/AgCl as reference electrode and Pt wire electrode. As shown in Figure1, urchin-like carbon material is obtained from
Three dimensional diaphragm simulation model for the relationship of the tension, pressure and shape

Weakness of inspiratory muscles is a major cause of respiratory failure. There are many clinical circumstances in which it may occur. The diaphragm is a major respiratory muscle. It has been difficult to quantify its shape, curvature and length. To solve this question, a three dimensional diaphragm equation was derived on the, assumption that the diaphragm is only attached at its periphery to the rib cage and the abdomen is filled with fluid. Computer programs were developed to fit the equation to the diaphragm contours obtained from plane X rays. The results indicate that the ratio of transdiaphragmatic pressure to the surface tension of the diaphragm is relatively independent of lung volume, which supports the previous finding that the force-length relation is a more important geometric factor in diaphragm mechanics. Comparing the diaphragm contour of the normal person to two patients with ascites, it is suggested that the ascites patients have higher transdiaphragmatic pressure than normal patients. THREE DIMENSIONAL DIAPHRAGM SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE TENSION, PRESSURE AND SHAPE
A Modified Constitutive Model for the Description of the Flow Behavior of the Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al Alloy during Hot Plastic Deformation

The hot deformation behavior of the aerospace Ti-10-2-3 alloy was investigated by isothermal compression tests at temperatures of 740 to 820 °C and strain rates of 0.0005 to 10 s−1. The results show that the studied alloy is extremely sensitive to deformation parameters, like the temperature and strain rate. The temperature mainly affects the magnitude of flow stress at larger strains, while the strain rate not only affects the value of flow stress but also the shape of the flow curves. At low strain rates, the flow stress increases with strain, followed by a broad peak and then remains almost constant. At high strain rates, the flow curves exhibit a hardening to a sharp peak at small strains, followed by a rapid dropping to a plateau caused by dynamic softening. In order to describe such flow behavior, a constitutive model considering the effect of deformation parameters was developed as an extension of an existing constitutive model. The modified constitutive model (MC) was obtained based on the original constitutive model (OC) by introducing a new parameter to compensate for the error between the experimental data and predicted values. Compared to the original model, the developed model provides a better description of the flow behavior of Ti-10-2-3 alloy at elevated temperatures over the specified deformation domain.
A Rain Simulator to Examine Green Roof and Soil Moisture Sensor Performance

Green roof technology plays a large role managing stormwater runoff in urban areas, where impervious surfaces cause substantial amounts of stormwater runoff to enter combined sewer systems. If the stormwater flow exceeds the capacity of treatment plants, this often results in the discharge of raw sewage into nearby bodies of water. Green roofs can reduce the occurrence of raw sewage discharge by decreasing the amount of mixed wastewater and stormwater flowing into combined sewers. Engineers and designers are looking for ways to improve the performance of green roofs and to understand parameters such as field capacity and time to onset of runoff. A better understanding of field capacity could be used to test hydrologic models that predict how much water a green roof could store under different conditions and to estimate how much runoff could be reduced. In this project, a drip-type rain simulator is used to estimate field capacity of a plot of soil and sedum taken from the green roof on the Onondaga County Convention Center in Syracuse, NY. Three soil moisture sensors placed into the plot are used with different rain intensities to track the increase in soil water content during rain and the decrease following the end of the rain. The experimental results show that the field capacity of the Convention Center green roof is about 0.081 mwater / msoil. This value is lower than expected and additional testing is underway. It is also shown that as rain intensity increases, time to onset of runoff decreases. With additional experiments to be conducted in Summer 2018, results of this work can be used by engineers to design and install green roofs with field capacities that complement average rain intensities and peak rain intensities and effectively reduce runoff.
Ultra‐Stretchable Porous Fiber‐Shaped Strain Sensor with Exponential Response in Full Sensing Range and Excellent Anti‐Interference Ability toward Buckling, Torsion, Temperature, and Humidity

As a crucial element for wearable devices, high‐performance strain sensors have been spotlighted as an ideal strategy to develop machine‐human interfaces and healthcare systems. It still remains a huge challenge to construct flexible strain sensors with equational response in a broad range. Herein, highly stretchable multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)–decorated thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibers with a porous microstructure are produced through a scalable and facile strategy by wet‐spinning and ultra‐sonication. The fiber is composed of pure TPU fibers with MWCNTs decorated on the surface. The porous fiber is then assembled as a strain sensor. Interestingly, the effective MWCNTs distribution on the TPU fiber enables exponential sensing over the whole strain range. The sensor possesses a high gauge factor (GF, 102 at 300% strain), very large workable sensing range (300% strain), excellent durability (10 000 cycles), light weight (0.85 g cm−3), and fast response (200 ms). The as‐prepared strain sensor exhibits excellent insensitive properties toward buckling, torsion, temperature, and humidity stimuli. Based on the high sensing performance, the fiber‐shaped strain sensor detects human movements precisely by directly attaching to skin or embedding in garments, demonstrating huge potential in human–machine interfaces, health monitoring application, etc.
Annual Movement Patterns and Microhabitat Use of Two Anaxyrus Species in the Southeastern Coastal Plain

Amphibian populations have declined precipitously in recent decades, and effective management plans are needed to combat this ongoing decline. However, most amphibian management plans tend to be extremely generalized, and little research has explored speciesspecific responses of amphibians to microhabitat or climatic variables. Using a relatively novel tracking method, I examine the annual microhabitat and movement of two Anaxyrus species (A. americanus and A. fowleri), one of which has suffered population declines, for the purpose of informing management practices regarding these species. My study found large differences in microhabitat use between the two species. A. americanus primarily utilize microhabitats associated with forest, while A. fowleri utilize a variety of microhabitats, some of which are never used by A. americanus. Additionally, A. fowleri are more mobile and cover more distance on average than A. americanus, though both species tend to move greater distances at higher temperatures, higher cumulative 3-day rainfall, and earlier in the year. Overall, my results indicate the need for management practices that are tailored to conserve species-specific habitat requirements.
Establishing the Conditions for Stable Extrusion of Melt Spun Polyacrylonitrile with Water Based Plasticizers

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber is one of the most important synthetic fibers in the world because it is a precursor to carbon fiber. Compared to the traditional solution spinning process, the melting spinning process of PAN is less costly and can further reduce the price of PAN fiber. This dissertation is concerned with the objective of establishment of conditions (temperature, plasticizer type, and plasticizer composition) that a PAN copolymer is able to be stable melt spun with water based plasticizers. More specifically, PAN/water/acetonitrile (70/15/15) mixture is considered as reference sample in this study because it was proposed in a BASF patent in which it was claimed it could be stably melt spun. We are looking for a more benign plasticizer so that the use of acetonitrile can be avoided and PAN can still be stably melt spun. To achieve this objective, the first step is to measure the melting point (Tm) of PAN copolymer with various plasticizers and compositions by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate the Tm of PAN copolymer can be reduced to around 160 C with water only as a plasticizer, which is lower than the degradation temperature of PAN (180 C). Moreover, using a water/ethanol mixture and water/acetonitrile as plasticizers can further reduce the melting point of PAN to 150 C and 135 C, respectively. The second step is conducting rheological measurements on the PAN/plasticizers mixture. A pressure chamber was designed and attached to the capillary rheometer in order to prevent the foaming and evaporation of plasticizers during the viscosity experiments. Both steady-shear and time-dependent viscosity measurements were conducted. The rheological measurement results indicate that PAN can keep stable for more than 120 minutes with all plasticizers under 170 C, and it starts to degrade in 60 minutes at 180 C, except samples plasticized with 30 wt% of water (which keep stable for 120 minutes as well). The steady-shear viscosity results indicate the shear-thinning behavior is observed for the PAN/plasticizer mixtures at a temperature ranging from 170 C to 190 C and provide the fundamental viscosity data which can be applied to the extrusion process. In conclusion, the rheological measurements show PAN/Water (70/30 wt%) at 180 C and PAN/EtOH/Water (70/15/15) at 170 C are two potential systems for carrying out the PAN melt spinning process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken for the reference state and potential conditions. These images show that the copolymer strands have more and larger voids when plasticized with water only compared to those plasticized with water/acetonitrile and water/ethanol mixture. In this case, PAN/EtOH/Water (70/15/15) at 170 C is considered to be the most benign system for that PAN melt spinning. Establishing the Conditions for Stable Extrusion of Melt Spun Polyacrylonitrile with Water Based Plasticizer
Predicting Notable Radical Scavenging Sites of Gnetin C Using Density Functional Theory

We have been investigating the scavenging activity of gnetin C theoretically in the molecular level. In this work, we perform density functional based calculations to predict the possible site of gnetin C for free radical scavenging activity. The water solvent effect is considered as polarizable continuum model. All possible scavenging sites have been evaluated by obtaining the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) for one hydrogen atom abstraction. The results demonstrate that O-H bonds generally have lower BDE relative to C-H bonds of gnetin C. We also find that C-H bonds in 5-membered heterocyclic ring have exceptionally lower BDE. This could be additional possible sites for gnetin C to scavenge more free radicals in addition to hydroxyl groups.
Effect of moisture uptake on flax-reinforced composite laminates: influence on dynamic and quasi-static properties

This study proposes to investigate the effect of moisture uptake on a wide spectrum of mechanical behaviours of unidirectional flax fibre-reinforced epoxy laminates. It includes tensile monotonic and fatigue testing. Results show that UD flax-epoxy composites, when exposed to hygrothermal conditioning at 70°C and 85% RH, exhibit a diffusion kinetic which follows a one dimensional Fickian behaviour. The mass uptake at equilibrium is approximately 3.3 % and the diffusion coefficient 6.5 10-6 m2.s-1. Water vapour sorption is shown to induce a significant change in the shape of the tensile stress-strain curve. Contrary to all expectations, water saturation does not degrade the monotonic tensile strength of such a
Climate model bias correction for nonstationary conditions

In most of the climate change impact assessment studies, climate model bias is considered to be stationary between the control and scenario periods. Few methods are found in the literature that addresses the issue of nonstationarity in correcting the bias. To overcome the shortcomings reported in these approaches, three new methods of bias correction (NBC_μ, NBC_σ, and NBC_bs) are presented. The methods are improvised versions of previous techniques relying on distribution mapping. The methods are tested using split sample approach over 50-year historical period for nine climate stations in Ontario, using six regional climate models. The average bias reduction improvement by new methods, in mean daily and monthly precipitation, was found to be 73.9%, 74.3%, and 77.4%, respectively, higher than that obtained by the previous methods (eQM 67.7% and CNCDFm_NP 64.1%). Thus, the methods are found to be more effective in accounting for nonstationarity in the model bias.
A Study of Vertical Structures and Microphysical Characteristics of Different Convective Cloud-Precipitation Types Using Ka-Band Millimeter Wave Radar Measurements

Millimeter wave cloud radar (MMCR) is one of the primary instruments employed to observe cloud–precipitation. With appropriate data processing, measurements of the Doppler spectra, spectral moments, and retrievals can be used to study the physical processes of cloud–precipitation. This study mainly analyzed the vertical structures and microphysical characteristics of different kinds of convective cloud–precipitation in South China during the pre-flood season using a vertical pointing Ka-band MMCR. Four kinds of convection, namely, multi-cell, isolated-cell, convective–stratiform mixed, and warm-cell convection, are discussed herein. The results show that the multi-cell and convective–stratiform mixed convections had similar vertical structures, and experienced nearly the same microphysical processes in terms of particle phase change, particle size distribution, hydrometeor growth, and breaking. A forward pattern was proposed to specifically characterize the vertical structure and provide radar spectra models reflecting the different microphysical and dynamic features and variations in different parts of the cloud body. Vertical air motion played key roles in the microphysical processes of the isolated- and warm-cell convections, and deeply affected the ground rainfall properties. Stronger, thicker, and slanted updrafts caused heavier showers with stronger rain rates and groups of larger raindrops. The microphysical parameters for the warm-cell cloud–precipitation were retrieved from the radar data and further compared with the ground-measured results from a disdrometer. The comparisons indicated that the radar retrievals were basically reliable; however, the radar signal weakening caused biases to some extent, especially for the particle number concentration. Note that the differences in sensitivity and detectable height of the two instruments also contributed to the compared deviation.
Clinical Decision Support Systems Question and Answering

A question answering system to help clinical practitioners in a cardiovascular healthcare environment to interface clinical decision support systems can be built by using an extended discourse representation structure, CIDERS, and an ontology framework, Ontology for General Clinical Practice. CIDERS is an extension of the well-known DRT (discourse representation theory) structures, intending to go beyond single text representation to embrace the general clinical history of a given patient represented in an ontology. The Ontology for General Clinical Practice improves the currently available state-of-the-art ontologies for medical science and for the cardiovascular specialty. The chapter shows the scientific and philosophical reasons of its present dual structure with a deeply expressive (SHOIN) terminological base (TBox) and a highly computable (EL++) assertions knowledge base (ABox). To be able to use the current reasoning techniques and methodologies, the authors made a thorough inventory of biomedical ontologies currently available in OWL2 format.
Iris Segmentation Based on Ellipse Detection for Gaze Tracking System

This paper propose a novel algorithm to detect the center and boundary of iris in face images of low resolution for gaze tracking system. The algorithm localizes the eye accurately by face alignments and uses convolution to detect the approximate pixel of the iris center which can determines the iris region. After thresholding and a series of morphological processing, the boundary and precise center of iris is detected via ellipse detection. The experiment shows good result on different kinds of people looking into different directions on Columbia Gaze Data Set.
Corporate dominance in open source ecosystems: a case study of OpenStack

Corporate participation plays an increasing role in Open Source Software (OSS) development. Unlike volunteers in OSS projects, companies are driven by business objectives. To pursue corporate interests, companies may try to dominate the development direction of OSS projects. One company's domination in OSS may 'crowd out' other contributors, changing the nature of the project, and jeopardizing the sustainability of the OSS ecosystem. Prior studies of corporate involvement in OSS have primarily focused on predominately positive aspects such as business strategies, contribution models, and collaboration patterns. However, there is a scarcity of research on the potential drawbacks of corporate engagement. In this paper, we investigate corporate dominance in OSS ecosystems. We draw on the field of Economics and quantify company domination using a dominance measure; we investigate the prevalence, patterns, and impact of domination in the evolution of the OpenStack ecosystem. We find evidence of company domination in over 73% of the repositories in OpenStack, and approximately 25% of companies dominate one or more repositories per version. We identify five patterns of corporate dominance: Early incubation, Full-time hosting, Growing domination, Occasional domination, and Last remaining. We find that domination has a significantly negative relationship with the survival probability of OSS projects. This study provides insights for building sustainable relationships between companies and the OSS ecosystems in which they seek to get involved.
API + code = better code summary? insights from an exploratory study

Automatic code summarization techniques aid in program comprehension by generating a natural language summary from source code. Recent research in this area has seen significant developments from basic Seq2Seq models to different flavors of transformer models, which try to encode the structural components of the source code using various input representations. Apart from the source code itself, components used in source code, such as API knowledge, have previously been helpful in code summarization using recurrent neural networks (RNN). So, in this article, along with source code and its structure, we explore the importance of APIs in improving the performance of code summarization models. Our model uses a transformer-based architecture containing two encoders for two input modules, source code and API sequences, and a joint decoder to generate summaries combining the outputs of two encoders. We experimented with our proposed model on a dataset of java projects collected from GitHub containing around 87K triplets. The experiments show our model outperforms most of the existing RNN-based approaches, but the overall performance does not improve compared with the state-of-the-art approach using transformers. Thus, the results show that although API information is helpful for code summarization, we see immense scope for further research focusing on improving models and leveraging additional API knowledge for code summarization.