Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual Activities of Plant cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase and Its Roles in Gibberellin Signaling and Salt Stress[OPEN]

Plant cGMP-dependent protein kinase has both kinase and phosphatase activities and regulates the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of the GAMYB transcription factor, modulating gibberellin signaling. Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is an important regulator in eukaryotes, and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) plays a key role in perceiving cellular cGMP in diverse physiological processes in animals. However, the molecular identity, property, and function of PKG in plants remain elusive. In this study, we have identified PKG from plants and characterized its role in mediating the gibberellin (GA) response in rice (Oryza sativa). PKGs from plants are structurally unique with an additional type 2C protein phosphatase domain. Rice PKG possesses both protein kinase and phosphatase activities, and cGMP stimulates its kinase activity but inhibits its phosphatase activity. One of PKG’s targets is GAMYB, a transcription factor in GA signaling, and the dual activities of PKG catalyze the reversible phosphorylation of GAMYB at Ser6 and modulate the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of GAMYB in response to GA. Loss of PKG impeded the nuclear localization of GAMYB and abolished GAMYB function in the GA response, leading to defects in GA-induced seed germination, internode elongation, and pollen viability. In addition to GAMYB, PKG has multiple potential targets and thus has broad effects, particularly in the salt stress response.
Narrow Leaf21, Encoding Ribosomal Protein RPS3A, Controls Leaf Development in Rice.

Leaf morphology influences photosynthesis, transpiration and ultimately crop yield. However, the molecular mechanism of leaf development is still not fully understood. Here, we identified and characterized the narrow leaf21 (nal21) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa), showing a significant reduction in leaf width, leaf length and plant height, and increased tiller number. Microscopic observation revealed defects in the vascular system and reduced epidermal cell size and number in the nal21 leaf blade. Map-based cloning revealed that NAL21 encodes a ribosomal small subunit protein RPS3A. Ribosome-targeting antibiotics resistance assay and ribosome profiling showed a significant reduction in the free 40S ribosome subunit in the nal21 mutant. The nal21 mutant showed aberrant auxin responses in which multiple auxin response factors (ARFs) harboring upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in their 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) were repressed at the translational level. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3A (OsWOX3A) gene, a key transcription factor involved in leaf blade lateral outgrowth, is also under the translational regulation by RPS3A. Transformation with modified OsARF11, OsARF16 and OsWOX3A genomic DNA lacking uORFs rescued the narrow leaf phenotype of nal21 to a better extent than transformation with their native genomic DNA, implying that RPS3A could regulate translation of ARFs and WOX3A through uORFs. Our results demonstrate that proper translational regulation of key factors involved in leaf development is essential to maintain normal leaf morphology.
Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of Alumina over Activated Carbon Electrodes Enabling a Stable 4 V Supercapacitor Operation

Abstract Designing high voltage (>3 V) and stable electrochemical supercapacitors with low self‐discharge is desirable for the applications in modern electronic devices. This work demonstrates a 4 V symmetric supercapacitor with stabilized cycling performance through atomic layer deposition (ALD) of alumina (Al2O3) on the surface of activated carbon (AC). The 20‐cycle ALD Al2O3 coated AC delivers 84 % capacitance retention after 1000 charge/discharge cycles under 4 V, contrary to the bare AC cells having only 48 % retention. The extended cycling life is associated with the thickened Stern layer and suppressed oxygen functional group. The self‐discharge data also show that the Al2O3 coating enables AC cells to maintain 53 % of charge retention after 12 h, which is more than twice higher than that of bare AC cells under the same test protocol of 4 V charging. The curve fitting analysis reveals that ALD coating induced slow self‐discharge dominated by ion diffusion mechanism, thus enhancing the AC surface energy.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety Outcomes of Edoxaban in 8040 Women Versus 13 065 Men With Atrial Fibrillation in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Trial

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Female sex is an independent risk factor for stroke and systemic embolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety profile of edoxaban in women versus men. Methods: The ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial (Effective Anticoagulation with Factor Xa Next Generation in Atrial Fibrillation-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 48) randomly assigned 21 105 patients (8040 women) with atrial fibrillation and CHADS2 score ≥2 either to a higher-dose edoxaban regimen, a lower-dose edoxaban regimen, or warfarin. The primary end points of the trial were the composite of stroke or systemic embolic events (efficacy), and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis–defined major bleeding (safety). Results: In comparison with men, women were older, had lower body weight, were more likely to have hypertension and renal dysfunction, but less likely to smoke, drink alcohol, or have diabetes or coronary artery disease. Pretreatment endogenous factor Xa activity was significantly higher in women than in men (92.5% versus 86.1%, P<0.001). Treatment with edoxaban in women resulted in greater peak edoxaban concentration and inhibition of endogenous factor Xa in comparison with men, resulting in similar endogenous factor Xa activity between the sexes 2 to 4 hours after dose. Treatment with higher-dose edoxaban regimen (versus warfarin) resulted in similar reduction in the risk of stroke/systemic embolic events (women: hazard ratio [HR], 0.87 [0.69–1.11], men: HR, 0.87 [0.71–1.06]; P-interaction=0.97) and major bleeding (women: HR, 0.74 [0.59–0.92], men: HR, 0.84 [0.72–0.99]; P-interaction=0.34) in women and men. However, women assigned to higher-dose edoxaban regimen experienced greater reductions in hemorrhagic stroke (HR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.15–0.59] versus HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.46–1.06]), intracranial bleeding (HR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.10–0.39] versus HR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.44–0.89]), and life-threatening or fatal bleeding (HR, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.15–0.42] versus HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.54–0.96]) than men (each P-interaction<0.05). Conclusions: Despite many differences in baseline characteristics between women and men and higher baseline endogenous factor Xa levels in women, the intensity of anticoagulation achieved with edoxaban between the sexes was similar. Treatment with higher-dose edoxaban regimen resulted in an even greater reduction in hemorrhagic stroke and several serious bleeding outcomes in women than in men, whereas the efficacy profile was similar between sexes.
Light-induced pyroelectric property of self-powered photodetectors based on all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots

All-inorganic cesium lead bromine (CsPbBr3) perovskites quantum dots (QDs) are one of the most photoelectric materials due to their high absorption coefficient, pronounced quantum-size effect, tunable optical property. Here, a self-powered PD based on all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskites QDs is fabricated and demonstrated. The light-induced pyroelectric effect is utilized to modulate the optoelectronic processes without the external power supply. The working mechanism of the PD is carefully investigated upon 532 nm laser illumination and the minimum recognizable response time of the self-powered PD is 1.5 μs, which are faster than those of most previously reported wurtzite nanostructure PDs. Meanwhile, the frequency and temperature independence of the self-powered PD are experimented and summarized. The self-powered PD with high performance is expected to have extensive applications in solar cell, energy harvesting, resistive random access memory.
Molecular Imprinting in Cross‐Linked Materials with the Aid of Molecular Templates— A Way towards Artificial Antibodies

Can binding sites be produced in organic or inorganic polymers—similar to those in antibodies—which are able to recognize molecules and which may have catalytic action? In this article we review a method, analogous to a mechanism of antibody formation proposed earlier, by which in the presence of interacting monomers a cross-linked polymer is formed around a molecule that acts as a template. After removal of the template, an imprint containing functional groups capable of chemical interaction remains in the polymer. The shape of the imprint and the arrangement of the functional groups are complementary to the structure of the template. If chiral templates are used, the success of the imprinting process can be assessed by the ability of the polymer to resolve the racemate of the template molecule. Through optimization of the process has led to chromatographic separation factors of α = 4–8, and to base line separations. There is also great interest in the surface imprinting of solid materials and monolayers. In all cases, the structure of the polymeric matrix in the imprinted materials and the function of the binding groups are of crucial importance. The mechanisms of imprinting and molecular recognition of substrates are by now well understood. A large number of potential applications for this class materials are being intensively developed, for example in the chromatogrphic resolution of recemates, and as artificial antibodies, chemosensors, and selective catalysts. The use of similarly produced materials as enzyme models is also of great interest.
The ATG4 protease integrates redox and stress signals to regulate autophagy.

Autophagy is a highly conserved degradative pathway that ensures cellular homeostasis through the removal of damaged or useless intracellular components including proteins, membranes or even entire organelles. A main hallmark of autophagy is the biogenesis of autophagosomes, double membrane vesicles that engulf and transport to the vacuole the material to be degraded and recycled. The formation of autophagosomes responds to integrated signals produced as consequence of metabolic reactions or different types of stress and is mediated by the coordinated action of core autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. ATG4 is a key Cys-protease with a dual function in both ATG8 lipidation and free ATG8 recycling whose balance is crucial for proper biogenesis of the autophagosome. ATG4 is conserved in the green lineage and its regulation by different post-translational modifications has been reported in the model systems Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Arabidopsis thaliana. In this review, we discuss the major role of ATG4 in the integration of stress and redox signals that regulate autophagy in algae and plants.
Clinical Characteristics and In-Hospital Outcomes of Varying Definitions of Minor Stroke

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: A variety of definitions for minor stroke have been proposed. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of minor stroke defined as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤5 versus ≤3. Methods: We retrieved acute ischemic stroke patients with NIHSS score ≤5 in the CSCA study (China Stroke Center Alliance) between August 2015 and 2019. In-hospital clinical outcomes including all-cause mortality, stroke, and myocardial infarction were compared between the NIHSS score ≤5 and NIHSS score ≤3 groups using absolute standardized differences (ASD). Results: A total of 1 006 798 patients were registered in the CSCA program from 1476 hospitals, 472 352 patients had NIHSS score ≤5, of whom 356 314 patients had NIHSS score ≤3. The in-hospital composite events of death, myocardial infarction, or recurrent stroke were not significantly different between the NIHSS score ≤5 and NIHSS score ≤3 groups (5.6% [26 346/472 352] versus 5.2% [18 682/356 314]; ASD, 1.8). The in-hospital all-cause mortality (0.1% [443/472 352] versus 0.1% [255/356 314]; ASD, <0.01), recurrent ischemic stroke (5.3% [25 026/472 352] versus 5.0% [17 777/356 314]; ASD, 1.4), and hemorrhagic stroke (0.5% [2151/472 352] versus 0.4% [1475/356 314]; ASD, 1.5) were not significantly different between both the NIHSS score ≤5 and NIHSS score ≤3 groups. Conclusions: Our large-scale study identified that minor stroke using NIHSS scores ≤5 and ≤3 as the definition was comparable with each other regarding in-hospital all-cause mortality, recurrent stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. This observation may be useful for future comparison studies and clinical trial design.
Day‐to‐day associations between sleep characteristics and affect in community dwelling adults

Despite the high co‐occurrence of sleep and mood disturbances, day‐to‐day associations between sleep characteristics (sleep duration, continuity, and timing) and dimensions of mood (positive affect and negative affect) remain unclear. The present study aimed to test whether there is a daily, bidirectional association between these sleep characteristics and affective states, while addressing methodological limitations in the extant literature by using actiography and ecological momentary assessment methods. Participants were community dwelling, midlife adults (aged 30–54 years, N = 462, 47% male) drawn from the Adult Health and Behavior Project‐Phase 2 study. Participants’ sleep patterns were assessed with actiography over a 7‐day monitoring period, and on 4 of those days, participants completed an ecological momentary assessment protocol that included hourly assessments of positive affect and negative affect during their wake intervals. Using hierarchical linear modelling, we tested whether participants’ sleep characteristics on a given night predicted next‐day affect and vice versa. We also explored whether nocturnal sleep characteristics would differentially associate with affect at different times of day (morning, afternoon, and evening) while controlling for multiple health behaviours. We found that when participants reported higher positive affect on a given day, they slept later that night (B = 0.22, p = .010). Although we found no other statistically significant associations in our primary analyses (all p > .05), we found several sleep–affect associations specific to time of day (B ranges: 0.01–0.18, all p ≤ .02), which warrants further study. Overall, our findings suggest that healthy adults may be resilient to daily fluctuations in their sleep and mood.
Association between maternal country of birth and preterm birth: A population-based register study of 910,752 deliveries

Aims: The aim of this study was to analyse associations between maternal country of birth and preterm birth among women giving birth in Norway. Methods: A population-based register study was conducted employing official national databases in Norway. All singleton births, with neonates without major anomalies, between 1999 and 2014 were included (N=910,752). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) for extremely preterm birth (<28 weeks gestation), very preterm birth (28–33 weeks gestation) and late preterm birth (34–36 weeks gestation) by maternal country of birth. We conducted multivariable regression analyses, adjusting for maternal, obstetric and socio-economic confounders. Results: For extremely preterm births (0.4% of the study population), women with an unknown country of birth (adjusted OR (aOR)=3.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.26–4.22) and women born in sub-Saharan Africa (aOR=1.66; CI 1.40–1.96) had the highest ORs compared to Norwegian-born women. For very preterm births (1.2% of the study population), women with an unknown country of birth (aOR=1.72; CI 1.36–2.18) and women born in South Asia (aOR=1.48; CI 1.31–1.66) had the highest ORs. For late preterm births (3.8% of the study population), women born in East Asia Pacific/Oceania (aOR=1.33; CI 1.25–1.41) and South Asia (aOR=1.30; CI 1.21–1.39) had the highest ORs. Conclusions: After adjusting for maternal, obstetric and socio-economic risk factors, maternal country of birth remained significantly associated with preterm birth. Women with an unknown country of birth and women born in sub-Saharan Africa were found to be at increased risk of extremely preterm birth.
Postoperative Telehealth Visits Reduce Emergency Department Visits and 30-Day Readmissions in Elective Thoracic Surgery Patients

ABSTRACT Background: Preventing postoperative 30-day readmissions requires an investment in patient care. The use of postdischarge telehealth visits to prevent potential adverse events or hospital visits has been shown in previous studies. Purpose: We aim to determine the impact of postoperative telehealth visits (PTV) on reducing emergency department visits (EDV) and readmissions within 30 days postdischarge (30DR). Methods: All elective thoracic surgery patients opted-in or opted-out of PTV. Postoperative telehealth visits assessed patients' overall health status and addressed patient concerns. Patients were also seen at their postoperative clinic follow-up. Emergency department visits and 30DR were recorded. Results: Three hundred fourty-one patients were included—295 and 46 patients opted-in and opted-out of PTV. Opting-out of PTV, being discharged with chest tubes or drains, and the inability to perform activities of daily living at their postoperative follow-up were associated with increased EDV (OR = 8.7, 5.3, 6.3; p ≤ .05) and 30DR (OR = 5.1, 6.3, 7.1; p ≤ .05). Conclusion: Postoperative telehealth visits were able to reduce EDV and 30DR in our study, although further studies establishing the range of interventions that can be feasibly provided remotely should be performed to identify limitations of these PTV. Implications: Telehealth could be used postoperatively to reduce EDV and 30DR, improving quality and cost-effectiveness of healthcare delivery to patients.
Medicinal plants: Treasure for antiviral drug discovery

The pandemic of viral diseases like novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) prompted the scientific world to examine antiviral bioactive compounds rather than nucleic acid analogous, protease inhibitors, or other toxic synthetic molecules. The emerging viral infections significantly associated with 2019‐nCoV have challenged humanity's survival. Further, there is a constant emergence of new resistant viral strains that demand novel antiviral agents with fewer side effects and cell toxicity. Despite significant progress made in immunization and regenerative medicine, numerous viruses still lack prophylactic vaccines and specific antiviral treatments that are so often influenced by the generation of viral escape mutants. Of importance, medicinal herbs offer a wide variety of therapeutic antiviral chemotypes that can inhibit viral replication by preventing viral adsorption, adhering to cell receptors, inhibiting virus penetration in the host cell, and competing for pathways of activation of intracellular signals. The present review will comprehensively summarize the promising antiviral activities of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules. Furthermore, it will elucidate their mechanism of action and possible implications in the treatment/prevention of viral diseases even when their mechanism of action is not fully understood, which could serve as the base for the future development of novel or complementary antiviral treatments.
Grandmothers — a neglected family resource for saving newborn lives

Across the globe, the well-being of newborns is significantly influenced by the knowledge and practices of family members, yet global health policies and interventions primarily focus on strengthening health services to save newborn lives. Predominant approaches to promote newborn survival in non-western cultures across the Global South are based on a western, nuclear family model and ignore the roles of caregivers within wider family systems, whose attitudes and practices are determined by culturally prescribed strategies. In this paper, I review evidence of a neglected facet of newborn care, the role and influence of senior women or grandmothers. Based on a family systems frame, I reviewed research from numerous settings in Africa, Asia and Latin America that provides insight into family roles related to newborn care, specifically of grandmothers. I identified primarily published studies which provide evidence of grandmothers’ role as culturally designated and influential newborn advisors to young mothers and direct caregivers. Research from all three continents reveals that grandmothers play similar core roles in newborn care while their culturally specific practices vary. This review supports two main conclusions. First, future newborn research should be conceptualised within a family systems framework that reflects the structure and dynamics of non-western collectivist cultures. Second, newborn interventions should aim not only to strengthen health services but also influential family caregivers, particularly grandmothers and the indigenous social support networks of which they are a part, in order to improve family-level newborn practices and save newborn lives.
Mixed Solutions of Surfactant and Hydrophobically Modified Polymer. Controlling Viscosity with Micellar Size

The viscosity of mixtures of a hydrophobically modified cellulose polymer (HMHEC) and surfactants in aqueous solution was determined as a function of the concentration of mixed micelles. It was shown that, in solutions of low viscosity where the ratio between polymer hydrophobic tails and mixed micelles is low, a high viscosity can be recovered by increasing the surfactant aggregation number in the mixed micelles. The surfactant aggregation number of the mixed micelles was increased by adding either a screening electrolyte or an oppositely charged surfactant to solutions containing the hydrophobically modified polymer and an ionic surfactant. Time-resolved fluorescence quenching (TRFQ) was used to investigate the size of the mixed micelles.
Dermal Regeneration Template and Staged Skin Grafting for Extirpative Scalp Wound Reconstruction: A 14-Year Experience

Objective Dermal regeneration template and staged split-thickness skin grafting may mitigate the need for flap coverage of postoncologic scalp defects. This technique has been studied previously in small case series. We examine the effect of risk factors, surgical technique, irradiation, and dressing modalities on reconstructive outcomes in a highly comorbid patient cohort. Study Design Retrospective review. Setting Academic medical center. Methods Full- and partial-thickness extirpative scalp wounds reconstructed with dermal regeneration template and staged skin grafting were reviewed over a 14-year period. Stage 1 consisted of template application following burr craniectomy in cases lacking periosteum. Stage 2 consisted of skin grafting. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was variably used to support adherence. Results In total, 102 patients were analyzed (average age 74, mean follow-up 18 months). Eighty-one percent were American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 or 4. Defect size averaged 56 cm2. Average skin graft take was 94.5% in full-thickness wounds. Seven patients failed this method. Preoperative scalp irradiation was associated with major complication and delayed graft healing. Comorbidities, wound size, and burring were not associated with complication. Patients were more likely to heal with NPWT compared to bolster (hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% CI 1.01-2.77; P = .046). Time between stages was 6.6 days shorter when NPWT was applied (P < .001). Conclusion Dermal template and staged skin grafting is a reliable option for postcancer scalp reconstruction in poor flap candidates. Radiotherapy is associated with adverse outcomes. Negative pressure wound therapy simplifies postoperative wound care regimens and may accelerate healing.