Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensory changes in liquid milk during storage and the effect on consumer acceptance

The acceptance of dairy products by consumers is generally determined by the product's sensory characteristics. These characteristics are a result of various changes in the product and the surrounding environment. The purpose of this paper is to report on a detailed sensory and consumer investigation of the changes in liquid skimmed milk held over an eight day period at three different storage temperatures: 1°C, 5°C and 10°C. Results of an objective sensory profile and subsequent data analysis revealed that sensory changes in milk could be described and quantified, clearly indicating the product's shelf-life profile. Product acceptability as perceived by consumers was undertaken on a subset of samples, illustrating the points at which consumers noticed significant changes. Overall, as the samples went through their shelf-life at the higher temperature they became less acceptable. The final part of the experiment used statistical modelling procedures to interpret and understand the data. As expected, it was shown that products became more stale during storage, and that temperature of storage affected the rate of staling, this being most marked at the higher temperature. Staleness was related to the attributes vegetable, sour, cardboard, chalky and mouthcoating.
â€œMy name is Matshepo â€¦ Mother of Hopeâ€: Examining Hope amid the First-Year Experience

Student affairs practitioners have essential roles to play in assisting students in concretising a sense of hope. However, more research is needed to explore the role of hope amongst university students during the first-year experience. This article reports on a mixed methods study that explored hope in the context of the first-year experience. The quantitative phase of the study explored the relationships between hope, flourishing, psychological distress, and academic achievement amongst a sample of 296 first-year South African university students (mean age = 20.70, SD = 1.30, female = 63%). Statistical analyses revealed significant relationships between the constructs assessed. Students who reported high scores on hope also obtained higher academic marks compared to participants who reported lower scores on the same construct. The qualitative phase of the study explored differences in conceptions of hope between participants (N = 28, age-range 18‑22) who reported high versus low scores on a quantitative measure of hope. Two qualitative themes emerged, namely the trichotomy of hope, and hope-based generalised resistance resources. The findings indicate that students who present with high levels of hope may be more inclined to pursue academic goals and experience a sense of well‑being. Implications for student support are discussed, and the importance of promoting realistic hope amid the first-year experience is highlighted.
Introduction to 3D Planning in Orthognatic Surgery. 3D Simulation of Orthognatic Surgery Using Dolphin Imaging 3D® Software

SOUHRN Předmět sdělení: V posledních letech dochází k rozvoji a pronikání 3D technologií do mnoha medicínských oborů. Stomatologie, ortodoncie a čelistní chirurgie nejsou výjimkou. Prověřené metody plánování ortognátních operací, jako jsou operace na sádrových modelech či 2D simulace, jsou považovány za „zlatý standard“ a vedou k osvědčeným výsledkům. Ovšem i tyto metody mají své hranice a omezení. Trojrozměrné (3D) prostředí přináší do plánování další, třetí rozměr, čímž se obraz přibližuje reálnému světu. To nám rozšiřuje možnosti např. při diagnostice některých asymetrií a umožňuje přesnější plánování ortognátních operací. Využívá přitom moderních 3D zobrazovacích metod, jako jsou Cone Beam CT, stereofotogrammetrie či digitální modely zubních oblouků. Vzájemnou registrací (překrytím) zhotovených 3D snímků (3D modelů) vznikne virtuální 3D model pacienta. Tento model dokonale zobrazuje obličejový skelet (Cone Beam CT), měkké tkáně obličeje (stereofotogrammetrický snímek) a zubní oblouky (digitální modely), někdy také označovaný jako tzv. triáda. Ve specializovaných počítačových programech, jako je např. Dolphin Imaging 3D 11.7® (Dolphin Imaging, Chatsworth, USA), provedeme na tomto virtuálním modelu 3D simulaci ortognátní operace. Cílem tohoto článku je prezentovat tuto relativně novou metodu plánování ortognátních operací a zároveň i 3D zobrazovací metody, které jsou k 3D plánování využívány a dále popsat jednotlivé kroky při vlastní 3D simulaci ortognátní operace v počítačovém programu Dolphin Imaging 3D®. Klíčová slova: ortognátní chirurgie – ortodoncie – 3D simulace – Cone Beam CT – obličejový sken – digitální ortodontické modely
Biomechanical Effect of Various Tibial Bearing Materials in Uni-Compartmental Knee Arthroplasty Using Finite Element Analysis

This paper aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of tibial bearing materials, from ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and carbon-fiber-reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (CFR-PEEK). The studies were conducted based on a validated finite element model. The geometry of the intact knee model was developed from computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the left knee joint of a 37-year-old healthy male volunteer. Three different loading conditions, related to the loads applied in the experimental research, were applied to this study for model predictions and validation. The contact stress in the other compartments was under normal walking conditions. Also, stresses on five regions of the tibia bone were analyzed under normal walking conditions. The lowest contact stress between the lateral meniscus and tibial cartilage was achieved in the order of the use of CFR-PEEK, PEEK, and UHMWPE tibial bearings. Moreover, CFR-PEEK and PEEK tibial bearings indicated lower and greater stresses on cortical and trabecular bones, respectively, compared to the UHMWPE tibial bearing. These results show that CFR-PEEK can be used as a tibial bearing material as an alternative to UHMWPE, and such a change in the material may be a good method for reducing potential anteromedial pain.
The potential of circulating tumor DNA to use as a molecular marker to screen and diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review

Now a day’s molecular characterization of individual patients’ tumor cells is becoming instantly important for early detection and effective treatment of the disease. The idea of applying liquid biopsy technologies for early diagnosis of cancer through the specific and sensitive determination of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) among circulating free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma is a relatively recent approach with considerable promise, but also presented with great challenges. Ongoing advancement in the field has shown that ctDNA has huge potential to serve as a biomarker for early detection and precision treatment as well as prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As ctDNA in HCC patients harbors the molecular characteristics of HCC tumor cells, ctDNA analysis in the blood of HCC patients might be an adequate and non-intrusive approach for locating tumors, disease prediction, and treatment. In the sight of this fact, this review tried to sum up and discuss the surveillance of HCC, the origins and molecular characteristics of molecular markers of hepatocellular carcinoma, the current status, and the potentials of ctDNA as a marker for HCC surveillance and early detection. Moreover, this review also describes the major tumor-specific genetic modifications in ctDNA, such as DNA methylation, microsatellite alterations, point mutations, chromosomal rearrangements. Finally, the challenges associated with the clinical use of ctDNA for HCC detection are also discussed. © This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Gene Variability in Immunoregulatory Factors in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus

SOUHRN Úvod a cíl studie: Genetické predispozice hrají významnou roli v etiopatogenezi jak chronické parodontitidy (CP), tak i diabetes mellitus (DM), mezi kterými existuje reciproční vztah. U obou chorob jsou za kandidátní považovány geny pro imunoregulační faktory, k nimž se řadí signální peptidy zvané cytokiny. Cílem naší studie bylo analyzovat polymorfismy ve vybraných cytokinech, konkrétně v interleukin-1 (IL-1) genovém klasteru a v IL-6 genu, u pacientů s CP s/bez DM a porovnat je se zdravou populací. Metodika: Do studie případů a kontrol (tzv. case-control study) jsme zařadili celkem 590 osob: 226 zdravých; 248 pacientů pouze s CP, 36 pacientů s CP i DM 1. typu (T1DM), 80 pacientů s CP a DM 2. typu (T2DM). Pro genotypizaci jsme využili postupů založených na polymerázové řetězové reakci (PCR) a následné restrikční analýze. Výsledky: Frekvence alel a genotypů sledovaných polymorfismů ve vybraných cytokinech, kromě varianty v IL-1B genu se mezi skupinami pacientů a zdravými jedinci statisticky významně nelišily. V IL-1 genovém klastru jsme však nalezli protektivní haplotyp u CP a haplotypy zvyšující riziko rozvoje CP u pacientů s T2DM i s T1DM. Rovněž v genu pro IL-6 jsme prokázali signifikantní rozdíl ve frekvenci haplotypu GGG mezi pacienty s CP a zdravými jedinci. Závěr: Naše výsledky naznačují, že na rozdíl od analýz jednotlivých polymorfismů různé haplotypy v IL-1 genovém klasteru i v promotoru genu pro IL-6 mohou ovlivňovat riziko rozvoje CP u pacientů s/bez DM v české populaci. Domníváme se, že stanovení haplotypů má, oproti sledování jednotlivých alelických a genotypových frekvencí, lepší výpovědní hodnotu a měla by mu být dána při genetické analýze komplexních nemocí přednost. Klíčová slova: parodontitida – diabetes mellitus – genová variabilita – cytokiny – interleukiny
Effects of Donor Ion Doping on the Orientation and Ferroelectric Properties of Bismuth Titanate Thin Films

Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric thin films, Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) and donor (V5+, W6+, and Nb5+)-doped BTO (BTV, BTW, and BTN) were prepared on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates by a sol–gel method. We investigated the doping effects of donor ions on the grain orientation and the electrical properties. Donor ions which substituted for Ti4+ ions in pseudoperovskite layers of BTO decreased the c-axis orientation and increased the remanent polarization (2Pr). The fatigue resistances of donor-doped thin films were shown to be superior to that of BTO, and the leakage currents were decreased by approximately 1 order of magnitude compared with BTO. The improvements of electrical properties with donor doping in BTO could be attributed to the changes in grain orientation and space charge density in the thin films.
Transport costs and their impact on the expansion of cities and agglomerations

Costs as a component that represents the decision-making factor for each individual or company, we are meet every day. This article focuses on transport costs that have an impact on urban sprawl, reverting to the source of the individual's transportation target and changing the choice of transfer decision-making with respect to transport costs. Habits how to move from one place to another, in greatly affects the means of transport used by the individual. It is this factor, how to positively influence a passenger to replace individual car traffic for another mode of transport by means of transport costs this article will be dealt with. The degree of automotive has a rising character over the year. It is precisely a tool for helping to partially eliminate the negative impact of individual car traffic on society and city expanses are transport costs.
The Relationship Between Mortality Markers and All-cause Mortality in Left Main Coronary Disease with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between all-cause mortality and markers of hematological mortality in post-procedure follow-up of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to severe left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease. Patients and Methods: Between January 2015 and August 2019, a retrospective cohort study was performed based on the data of 166 consecutive patients (43 females, 123 males) who were diagnosed with severe LMCA disease as a result of coronary angiography performed in our clinic. The study population was followed median 631.00 (270.75-1172.00) days, was divided into two groups as deceased (group 1, n= 42, 25.3%) and living (group 2, n= 124, 74.6%). Results: Fasting blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), uric acid, C-reactive Protein (CRP)/Albumin ratio, leukocyte, neutrophil, erythrocyte distribution width percentage (RDW) values were found to be higher (p< 0.05) and triglyceride, total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit values were lower in the deceased group (p< 0.05). In logistic regression analysis, statistical significance of all of these parameters disappeared. Conclusion: Advanced age, presence of chronic renal failure (CRF), FBS, BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, uric acid, CRP/Albumin ratio, leukocyte, and neutrophil height may be helpful in determining increased mortality risk after percutaneous LMCA interventions.
Angiotensin Ii Type 1 (at1) Receptor Blockade Enhances the L‐NAME‐Induced Vasoconstriction in Rat Submandibular Gland

The vasoregulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) and angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors in the circulation of the submandibular gland (SMG) of rats was studied. The glandular blood flow was determined by means of laser Doppler flowmetry and rubidium isotope technique. The data obtained by these two methods correlated well (r= 0.77; P < 0.01). The AT1 receptor antagonist candesartan (0.5 mg kg−1, I.V.) reduced the vascular resistance in the SMG by 37% (P < 0.05). By contrast, the NO synthase blocker L‐NAME (15 mg kg−1, I.V.) significantly increased vascular resistance in the SMG both in candesartan‐treated (P < 0.001) and non‐treated (P < 0.001) animals. The increase in resistance was greater (P < 0.05) after previous blockade of AT1 receptors. These findings suggest that the AT1 receptors have an important role in the vasoregulation of the SMG in the rat. As a result of AT1 blockade, NO‐dependent tone of glandular vessels may be enhanced significantly.
A review of the textile wastewater treatment technologies with special focus on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane separation and integrated AOP-membrane processes

The current work presents a review of some recent studies focussing on the treatment of textile wastewater using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane separation and the integrated AOP-membrane process. The textile industry is the most water-intensive industry and discharges a wide variety of pollutants with widely varying values into its effluents, which among other factors, depend on the wet processes undertaken at certain textile industry, the geographical location of the industry, the substrates involved, and the processing conditions used. The application of homogeneous and heterogeneous AOPs for treating textile wastewater has been reviewed. Unlike homogeneous AOPs, heterogeneous AOPs use transition metal-based catalysts, produce higher kinetics in shorter treatment times, and generate a lesser amount of sludge. However, the techno-economic optimization of these catalysts in both the homogeneous and heterogeneous AOPs is a key direction for further research work. On the other hand, membranes have shown better performances than the conventional treatment processes, produce lesser byproducts, and have been found to be a suitable integration option to have a more robust treatment process employing both the AOPs and membrane separations. However, more work is needed to enhance the throughput, anti-fouling properties and large-scale module design of these membranes. Based upon a handful of studies focussing on the use of integrated AOP-membrane separation processes to treat wastewater, various process configurations were proposed for future engineering design. Key challenges hindering the development of such integrated process concepts have been presented, which could work as a reference for future research and development.
Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing Diclofenac Using the Ion-Gelation Method

2 Background: Chitosan-based nanoparticle systems have gained wide interest, mainly for their biocompatibility, biodegradability and mucoadhesive properties. Objectives: The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate diclofenac-loaded chitosan nanoparticles based on the ionotropic gelation method. Materials and Methods: Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles containing diclofenac was prepared using the ionotropic gelation method. Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) was used as a polyanion in this process. The effect of some parameters on particle size and drug loading efficiency was evaluated. Results: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photographs exhibited typical spherical shape of particles. The mean particle size was within 129 - 166 nm and was affected by homogenization, CS/TPP ratio, CS/drug ratio and pH of medium. The maximum drug loading efficiency was estimated as 65.43 ± 7.03% with CS/drug ratio of 10:1. This value tended to decrease by enhancement of drug proportion in the formulations. Differential scanning calorimetry data confirmed the formation of polyelectrolyte complex of TPP and chitosan. Drug release profile in phosphate buffer solutions (pH 6.8, 7.4) showed initial burst effect followed by a slower release pattern. However, release of diclofenac in the acidic medium was negligible. Conclusions: Diclofenac-loaded nanoparticles based on properties of chitosan gelation could delay the release of drugs in the stomach and be further evaluated for the enteric delivery of diclofenac.
A Discovery-Based Friedel-Crafts Acylation Experiment: Student-Designed Experimental Procedure

A discovery-based Friedel–Crafts acylation experiment that includes a student-designed procedure, spectroscopic analysis of an unknown aromatic product, and molecular modeling is described. Students design the synthetic procedure and workup for the acylation of an unknown aromatic starting material in an instructor-guided classroom discussion that integrates concepts from the first semester of organic lab into a new context. The reaction proceeds in 50–85% isolated yield following a simple extractive workup. 1H NMR spectroscopy is used to identify the para-substituted acetophenone product, which leads to the identification of the starting material. Semi-empirical calculations are performed on molecular models of the ortho- and para-substituted acetophenone isomers to assess the thermodynamic stability of each, providing an explanation for the lack of ortho isomer in the reaction.
Protective Roles of Brassinolide on Tomato Seedlings under Drought Stress

Tomato(Lycopersicum esculentum L.) was used to study the role of 24-epibrassinolide (24- EBL) in protection from drought stress. In this experiment, when the third leaf of tomato plants appeared, 24-epibrassinolide was sprayed at 0.01 and 1 µM concentrations for 3 days alternately. Then three levels of drought stress (control, 3 and 5 days withholding water) were applied. Thereafter, Analysis was conducted on the contents of leaf dry and fresh weight, water content, chlorophylls, reduced and total carbohydrates, ethylene and the leakage of electrolyte. Also the activities of lypoxygenase (LOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and SOD isozymes expression levels in leaves. The result showed that Reduction in weight, chlorophylls, reduced and total carbohydrates content in drought condition probably due to the effect of drought on chlorophyll synthesis and degradation and in turn on photosynthesis . Also drought-induced increase in lypoxygenase activity caused an increase in ion leakage. However, alleviation in ion leakage, lypoxygenase activity and ethylene production in plants treated with concentration of 24-EBL under drought stress was observed. This could be because of the positive effect BR on stability membrane. Under the drought treatment, application of BR significantly increased leaf weight and water, the contents of chlorophyll and carbohydrates, and the activity of SOD and the expression of SOD isozymes in the leaves. Therefore, probably our results showed that 24-EBL could decline oxidative damage caused by drought stress and that BR plays an important role in protection of tomato plants from drought stress by enhancing the activities or expression level of protective enzymes in the leaves.
Sequential Model for Mapping Compound Emotions in Indonesian Sentences

This research proposes mapping Indonesian sentences with single and multiple structures into emotion classes based on a multi-label classification process. The result of this research can apply in various fields, including the development of facial expressions in virtual character animation. Applications in other fields are facial expression analysis, human-computer interaction systems, and other virtual facial character system applications. In previous research, the classification process used for emotion mapping was usually based only on the frequency of occurrence of adjectives. The resulting emotion classes are less representative of sentence semantics. In this research, the proposed sequential model can take into account the semantics of the sentence so that the results of the classification process are more natural and representative of the semantics of the sentence. The method used for the emotion mapping process is multi-label text classification with continuous values between 0-1. This research produces the tolerant-method that utilizes the error value to deliver accuracy in the model evaluation process. The tolerant-method converts the predicted-label, which has an error value less than or equal to the error-tolerant value, to the actual-label for better accuracy. The model used in the classification process is a sequential model, including one-dimensional Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) and bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The CNN model generates feature maps of each input in a partial way. Meanwhile, bidirectional LSTM captures information from input data in two directions. Experiments were performed using test data on Indonesian sentences. Based on the experimental results, bidirectional LSTM can produce an accuracy of 91% in the 8: 2 data portion and error-tolerant of 0.09. Keywords : Sequential Model, Mapping Compound Emotions, Sentence Semantics, Indonesian Sentences
Modeling vapor liquid equilibrium of ionic liquids + gas binary systems at high pressure with cubic equations of state

Ionic liquids (IL) have been described as novel environmentally benign solvents because of their remarkable characteristics. Numerous applications of these solvents continue to grow at an exponential rate. In this work, high pressure vapor liquid equilibria for 17 different IL + gas binary systems were modeled at different temperatures with Peng-Robinson (PR) and Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equations of state, combined with the van der Waals mixing rule with two binary interaction parameters (vdW-2). The experimental data were taken from the literature. The optimum binary interaction parameters were estimated by minimization of an objective function based on the average absolute relative deviation of liquid and vapor phases, using the modified Simplex algorithm. The solubilities of all gases studied in this work decrease as the temperature increases and increase with increasing pressure. The correlated results were highly satisfactory, with average absolute relative deviations of 2.10% and 2.25% for PR-vdW-2 and SRK-vdW-2, respectively.