Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary structure of c‐kit: relationship with the CSF‐1/PDGF receptor kinase family–oncogenic activation of v‐kit involves deletion of extracellular domain and C terminus.

The protein kinase domains of v‐kit, the oncogene of the acute transforming feline retrovirus HZ4‐FeSV (HZ4‐feline sarcoma virus), CSF‐1R (macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor) and PDGFR (platelet derived growth factor receptor) display extensive homology. Because of the close structural relationship of v‐kit, CSF‐1R and PDGFR we predicted that c‐kit would encode a protein kinase transmembrane receptor (Besmer et al., 1986a; Yarden et al., 1986). We have now determined the primary structure of murine c‐kit from a DNA clone isolated from a brain cDNA library. The nucleotide sequence of the c‐kit cDNA predicts a 975 amino acid protein product with a calculated mol. wt of 109.001 kd. It contains an N‐terminal signal peptide, a transmembrane domain (residues 519‐543) and in the C‐terminal half the v‐kit homologous sequences (residues 558‐925). c‐kit therefore contains the features which are characteristic of a transmembrane receptor kinase. Comparison of c‐kit, CSF‐1R and PDGFR revealed a unique structural relationship of these receptor kinases suggesting a common evolutionary origin. The outer cellular domain of c‐kit was shown to be related to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The sites of expression of c‐kit in normal tissue predict a function in the brain and in hematopoietic cells. N‐terminal sequences which include the extracellular domain and the transmembrane domain as well as 50 amino acids from the C‐terminus of c‐kit are deleted in v‐kit. These structural alterations are likely determinants of the oncogenic activation of v‐kit. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sequence Analysis of the Candida albicans ADE2 Gene and Physical Separation of the Two Functionally Distinct Domains of the Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole Carboxylase

An ADE2 genomic clone from the pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans, was isolated by complementation of an Escherichia coli purK mutant and the gene was analysed by DNA sequencing. A 1707 bp open reading frame was identified encoding a polypeptide of 569 amino acids with significant homology to all the known yeast ADE2 genes. Sequence homology to both the E. coli purE and purK genes suggests that the C. albicans ADE2 gene is the result of an evolutionary fusion. The amino‐acid sequence comparison showed that the N‐terminal domain of the Ade2 protein has a 52·5% identity to PurK, whereas the C‐terminal domain has a distinct 64·3% identity to PurE. In order to establish the functional relationship of these two regions, deletion mutants of the Ade2 protein were prepared by recombinant expression of the functional domains, which were tested by complementation of their respective E. coli auxotrophs. The sequence described in this paper has been deposited in the EMBL data library under the Accession Number U69606. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Record Infrared Internal Quantum Efficiency in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells With Dielectric/Metal Rear Reflectors

Inserting a dielectric between the absorber and rear metal electrode of a solar cell increases rear internal reflectance by both limiting the transmission cone and suppressing the plasmonic absorption of light arriving outside of the cone. We fabricate rear reflectors with low-refractive-index magnesium fluoride (MgF2) as the dielectric, and with local electrical contacts through the MgF2 layer. These MgF2/metal reflectors are introduced into amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells in place of the usual transparent conductive oxide/metal reflector. An MgF2/Ag reflector yields an average rear internal reflectance of greater than 99.5% and an infrared internal quantum efficiency that exceeds that of the world-record UNSW PERL cell. An MgF2/Al reflector performs nearly as well, enabling an efficiency of 21.3% and a short-circuit current density of nearly 38 mA/cm2 in a silicon heterojunction solar cell without silver or indium tin oxide at the rear.
Internal Control Quality and Underinvestment under the Perspective of Corporate Life Cycle

This study examines the impact of internal control quality on corporate underinvestment from the perspective of dynamic development at different stages of life cycle, based on the sample of Chinese listed companies. I show that: at the growing stage, corporate underinvestment is mainly caused by financing constraints, at the maturity stage and recession stage, corporate underinvestment is caused by financing constraints and different kinds of agency conflicts. I also find that at different stages of life cycle, the impact of internal control quality on underinvestment is different. At the growing stage，the impact of internal control quality on underinvestment is not significant, at the maturity stage, high quality internal control can inhibit underinvestment significantly, at the recession stage, only in non state-owned company, internal control can inhibit underinvestment significantly, in state-owned company, the relationship is not significant.
Thrombospondin 1, a mediator of the antiangiogenic effects of low-dose metronomic chemotherapy

Chemotherapeutic drugs chronically administered to tumor-bearing mice, using a frequent schedule at doses substantially lower than the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) (i.e., metronomic dosing), can cause sustained and potent antiangiogenic effects by targeting the endothelial cells of newly growing tumor blood vessels. These effects appear to occur in the absence of an increase in the severity of side effects caused by destruction of other cell types normally sensitive to MTD chemotherapy, suggesting a marked and selective sensitivity of activated endothelial cells, the basis of which is unknown. Here we report that protracted exposure of endothelial cells in vitro to low concentrations of several different anticancer agents, including microtubule inhibitors and an alkylating agent, caused marked induction of gene and protein expression of TSP-1, a potent and endothelial-specific inhibitor of angiogenesis. Increases in circulating TSP-1 were also detected in the plasma of human tumor-bearing severe combined immunodeficient mice treated with metronomic low-dose cyclophosphamide. Most importantly, the antiangiogenic and antitumor effects of low-dose continuous cyclophosphamide were lost in TSP-1-null C57BL/6 mice, whereas, in contrast, these effects were retained by using a MTD schedule of the same drug. Taken together, the results implicate TSP-1 as a secondary mediator of the antiangiogenic effects of at least some low-dose metronomic chemotherapy regimens.
Innovation The Attackers Advantage

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A hybrid credibility-based fuzzy multiple objective optimisation to differential pricing and inventory policies with arbitrage consideration

In most markets, price differentiation mechanisms enable manufacturers to offer different prices for their products or services in different customer segments; however, the perfect price discrimination is usually impossible for manufacturers. The importance of accounting for uncertainty in such environments spurs an interest to develop appropriate decision-making tools to deal with uncertain and ill-defined parameters in joint pricing and lot-sizing problems. This paper proposes a hybrid bi-objective credibility-based fuzzy optimisation model including both quantitative and qualitative objectives to cope with these issues. Taking marketing and lot-sizing decisions into account simultaneously, the model aims to maximise the total profit of manufacturer and to improve service aspects of retailing simultaneously to set different prices with arbitrage consideration. After applying appropriate strategies to defuzzify the original model, the resulting non-linear multi-objective crisp model is then solved by a fuzzy goal programming method. An efficient stochastic search procedure using particle swarm optimisation is also proposed to solve the non-linear crisp model.
Influence of hormone replacement therapy on graft patency after femoropopliteal bypass grafting.

OBJECTIVE Thromboembolic events are more frequent in women with established cardiovascular disease who are receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The effect of HRT on the outcome of women undergoing infrainguinal bypass grafting is unknown. The purpose of this study was to estimate the influence of risk factors, in particular HRT, on the outcome of women undergoing femoropopliteal bypass grafting. METHODS During a 5-year period (between 1993 and 1998), 131 femoropopliteal bypass graft procedures were performed in 106 women. The criteria prepared by the Ad Hoc Committee on Reporting Standards (Society for Vascular Surgery/North American Chapter of the International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery) were followed. Both univariate (Kaplan-Meier method) and multivariate analyses (Cox proportional hazards model) were used to determine the association among preoperative variables, graft patency, limb salvage, and survival. RESULTS The average age of the patients was 66.4 years; 26% of the patients were receiving HRT. Indications for femoropopliteal bypass grafting were limb salvage (80%) and disabling claudication (20%). Autogenous vein was used in 48% of procedures, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in 49%, and PTFE-vein composite grafts in 3%. Distal popliteal anastomosis was above the knee in 52% and below the knee in 48%. Overall primary patency rate was 81% at 1 year, 65% at 3 years, and 56% at 5 years. Primary patency rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 75%, 45%, and 23%, respectively, for HRT users and 84%, 72%, and 65%, respectively, for nonusers of HRT. Overall, cumulative 1- and 5-year limb salvage results were 96% and 92%, respectively, and long-term survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 96%, 86% and 74%, respectively. With univariate and Cox regression analyses, HRT was identified as the only independent predictor of reduced primary graft patency (Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, P =.004; relative risk, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-4.8). Women receiving HRT who underwent a procedure with PTFE had the lowest primary graft patency rates (relative risk, 3.4; 95% CI, 1. 5-7.8; P =.006). CONCLUSIONS Women undergoing femoropopliteal bypass graft procedures who are receiving HRT have significantly reduced primary graft patency rates. The risk of graft failure increases when prosthetic materials are used.
Investigation of switched-capacitorized DC/DC converters

Switched capacitor DC/DC converters are new prototype of DC/DC Conversion technology. Since switched capacitor can be integrated into a power IC chip, consequently, these converters have small size and high power density. Switched capacitor can be used in voltage-lift technique to construct DC/DC converters. The clue is that for the converters operating in discontinuous input current mode (DICM) the switched capacitors can be charged during the input current discontinuous period. The switched capacitors are charged to the source voltage during the switch-off period. They will join the conversion operation during switch-on period, and the stored energy in them will be delivered through further elements to the load. These converters are called switched-capacitorized DC/DC converters. Simulation and experimental results are provided for verification of this design.
RIBONUCLEIC ACID OF CHLORAMPHENICOL-TREATED SHIGELLA FLEXNERI.

SUMMARY: Resting organisms of Shigella flexneri serotype 3 are able to synthesize soluble and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the presence of chloram-phenicol. The antibiotic stimulates the synthesis of soluble RNA but has no apparent effect on ribosomal RNA production. In contrast, chlortetracycline, which also suppresses formation of protein, stimulates soluble RNA synthesis and inhibits ribosomal RNA synthesis. The soluble RNA of the chloramphenicol-treated organisms possesses amino acid accepting activity comparable to that of the soluble RNA of untreated organisms. The findings indicate that chloramphenicol does not promote the synthesis of biologically inactive soluble RNA. The stimulation of soluble RNA synthesis appears to be the result, rather than the cause, of the inhibition of protein production by the antibiotic.
Mathematical Notation in Formal Specification: Too Difficult for the Masses?

The phrase "not much mathematics required" can imply a variety of skill levels. When this phrase is applied to computer scientists, software engineers, and clients in the area of formal specification, the word "much" can be widely misinterpreted with disastrous consequences. A small experiment in reading specifications revealed that students already trained in discrete mathematics and the specification notation performed very poorly; much worse than could reasonably be expected if formal methods proponents are to be believed.
BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION: A Clinicopathologic Case Report

The eyes of a 72-year-old woman with a history of two branch retinal vein occlusions involving the left eye, were obtained postmortem and studied histopathologically. Prior to her death, she had been enrolled in the multicentered, prospective, randomized clinical trial on branch vein occlusion and treated with peripheral argon laser photoco-agulation for disc neovascularization. Routine fluorescein angiograms and fundus photographs were available for clinical correlation. Despite photocoagulation, the patient had frequent recurrent episodes of vitreous hemorrhage. On histologic examination, both venous occlusions were found at arteriovenous crossings and associated with moderately sclerotic retinal arterioles. One occlusion was recanalized. Retinal inner ischemic atrophy was observed distal to the site of both venous occlusions and corresponded to areas of nonperfusion. Cystoid macular edema was not present. Three areas of neovascularization were found; one at the optic nerve head, one at the peripapillary retina, and one at the fovea. It is likely the patient's repeated vitreous hemorrhages were from one or all three areas of neovascularization demonstrated histopathologically. RETINA 7:252–259, 1987.
THE IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON BRAND EQUITY IN PUBLIC ROAD TRANSPORT: A CASE OF ZIMBABWE UNITED PASSENGERS COMPANY

The research study was carried out to evaluate The Impact of Service Quality on Brand Equity in Public Road Transport a Case of Zimbabwe United Passengers Company. ZUPCO is undoubtedly facing a tough time and is losing credibility with travelling publics. There is need for ZUPCO to shake of its image of perceived poor management, poor maintenance of fleet and generally being unreliable interms of willingness to help it stakeholders and provide prompt services. It is against this background the research sort to find out the impact of service tangibles on brand awareness, to ascertain the impact of service reliability on brand perceptions and to find out the impact of service assurance on brand loyalty. Literature from different scholars was reviewed and discussed to get an appreciation of the impact of service quality on brand equity in the service industry in general and in public road transport. The study adopted a combination of exploratory and causal research designs. Chi-Square was used to test the statistical significance of the research findings. The research study had a target population of 500 respondents and a sample size of 100 respondents. The sample size was made up of 55 customers (cross border travellers), 40 employees and 5 managers. Stratified random sampling, judgemental sampling and convenience sampling techniques were used to select respondents to participate in the research. Questionnaires and interviews were used as key research instruments to collect data. The study revealed that there are statistically significant positive relationships between the following, service tangibles and brand awareness, service reliability and brand perceptions, service assurance and brand loyalty. It was therefore concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between service quality and brand equity in public road transport. The research recommended ZUPCO to continuously improve and develop a culture a quality within the organization. Improve its physical facilities appearance and offer a service that is in line with customer preferences and tastes in order to offer a service that travellersâ€™ considers value for money.
Piggy-Back Exporting, Intermediation, and the Distributional Gains from Trade in Agricultural Markets

Abstract. This paper investigates the distributional gains from changes in agricultural world prices in developing economies. Agricultural markets in developing countries are rarely perfectly competitive. The market structure is characterized by a large number of small farmers who typically sell their produce to one or few big companies with significant monopsony or oligopsony power. We provide a flexible theoretical framework that captures this market structure and allow us to investigate how international trade affects the incomes of small farmers, agribusiness and intermediaries in developing countries.
Study of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae F1FO‐ATPase ε‐subunit

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae F1FO‐ATPase ε‐subunit (61 residues) was synthesized by the solid‐phase peptide approach under both acidic and basic strategies. Only the latter strategy allowed us to obtain a pure ε‐subunit. The strong propensity of the protein to produce few soluble dimeric species depending on pH has been proved by size‐exclusion chromatography, electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. A circular dichroism study showed that an aqueous solution containing 30% trifluoroethanol or 200 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate is required for helical folding. In both solvents at acidic pH, the ε‐subunit is soluble and monomeric. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of 12-Week Concurrent High-Intensity Interval Strength and Endurance Training Program on Physical Performance in Healthy Older People

Abstract García-Pinillos, F, Laredo-Aguilera, JA, Muñoz-Jiménez, M, and Latorre-Román, PA. Effects of 12-week concurrent high-intensity interval strength and endurance training program on physical performance in healthy older people. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1445–1452, 2019—This study aimed to analyze the effect of 12-week low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT)-based concurrent training program on body composition, upper- and lower-body muscle strength, mobility, and balance in older adults, as well as to compare it with a low-moderate–intensity continuous training. Ninety active older adults were randomly assigned to experimental group (EG, n = 47) and control group (CG, n = 43). Body composition and physical functioning were assessed before (pretest) and after (posttest) a 12-week intervention. A 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test for an interaction between training program and groups. The time × group interaction revealed no significant between-group differences at pretest (p ≥ 0.05). The group × time interaction showed significant improvements for the EG in body composition parameters (p ⩽ 0.05) and physical functioning (muscle strength: p < 0.001; mobility: p < 0.001; and balance: p ⩽ 0.05); whereas the CG remained unchanged (p ≥ 0.05). This HIIT-based concurrent training program led to greater improvements in body composition, muscle strength, mobility, and balance in healthy older people than a regular low-moderate–intensity continuous training, despite the reduction in overall training volume.
The challenge of multidrug resistance: the treatment of gram-negative rod infections.

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria are an increasing problem worldwide. Treatment of these microorganisms is a challenge because resistance limits dramatically therapeutic options. In this review, we discuss data of in vitro susceptibility and clinical studies of possible agents for the management of these infections. Currently, published data are limited, and there are no randomized clinical trials involving the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative rods. For imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. , most studied options are polymyxins and sulbactam. No newer antimicrobials active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa are available or under investigation. Tigecycline presents a broad spectrum of activity in vitro but has been studied mainly as treatment of community-acquired infections, as has ertapenem. They are potential options against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and tigecycline may be useful in treating Acinetobacter infections.
Comparison of five biochemical markers of bone resorption in multiple myeloma: elevated pre‐treatment levels of S‐ICTP and U‐Ntx are predictive for early progression of the bone disease during standard chemotherapy

Summary. Increased osteoclastic bone resorption is the major causal factor of bone disease in multiple myeloma. Recently, non‐invasive methods have been developed for the estimation of bone resorptive activity. To evaluate the biological sensitivity and clinical usefulness of five biochemical assays for measuring the C‐terminal telopeptide of collagen I (ICTP) in serum (β‐Crosslaps ELISA and ICTP radioimmunoassay) and urinary creatinine‐adjusted excretions of pyridinoline (PYR), deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and N‐terminal telopeptide of collagen I (Ntx), we performed a study of 34 consecutive newly diagnosed myeloma patients. Serum and morning‐fasting, second‐void urine samples were taken before the start of treatment. In total, 40 age‐ and sex‐adjusted healthy individuals served as controls. Results were expressed as Z‐scores. All test variables were highly significantly elevated in the patients (P < 0·001). Serum (S)‐ICTP was elevated (Z‐score > 2) in most patients (85%) and showed significantly higher Z‐score values than the other markers. S‐ICTP remained more sensitive than the urinary assays when patients with impaired renal function were excluded from analysis. S‐ICTP and the urinary metabolites correlated significantly with skeletal morbidity. S‐β‐Crosslaps correlated with the bone morbidity only when patients with renal insufficiency were excluded from the analysis. High levels of S‐ICTP and urinary (U)‐Ntx correlated with an increased risk for early progression of bone lesions during standard melphalan–prednisolone treatment. U‐Ntx and S‐ICTP are sensitive tools for estimating the increased bone resorption in multiple myeloma and are clinically useful for identifying patients with increased risk of early progression of bone disease.