Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Exercise Training on Salivary Immunoglobulin A and Cortisol Responses to Maximal Exercise

The salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and cortisol responses to maximal exercise were examined in 24 adult males (X +/- SD; 22.1 +/- 3.0 yrs) before and after 10 weeks of run training. The subjects performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (CON; n = 5), low intensity training (LO; n = 8), or high intensity training (HI; n = 11). Following the ten weeks of training, the subjects performed a second maximal treadmill test. Saliva samples were collected before, as well as immediately and 1 hr following each of the maximal treadmill tests and were analyzed for s-IgA and salivary cortisol. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the LO and HI groups but remained unchanged in the CON group. The s-IgA levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) immediately post-exercise but returned to pre-exercise levels by one hour recovery. In addition, s-IgA and cortisol levels were not significantly (p > 0.05) correlated at any of the sampling times. These findings indicated that the s-IgA response to maximal exercise was unaffected by moderate (70% of VO2 max) to heavy (86% of VO2max) training (designed to develop cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy non-athletic adults) and independent of salivary cortisol.
An Empirical Analysis on the Multi-factors Model of Innovation Performance——Based on Internal and External Networks Perspective

Based on the logical relationship this paper examined between network competence and innovation performance,we introduce internal network validity and cooperation governance forms as moderators and tested the internal and external impact of network on innovation performance.The results found that firm network competence and intrafirm network validity both have significantly,positively effect on innovation performance.The intrafirm network validity also positively adjust the relationship between firm network competence and innovation performance,while cooperation governance forms have no conditioning effect,although they have a positive impact on the latter.In addition,firm size differently affects external network competence and intrafirml network validity.
Savanna woody vegetation classification – now in 3-D

Question The co-existence of woody plants and grasses characterize savannas, with the horizontal and vertical spatial arrangement of trees creating a heterogeneous biotic environment. To understand the influence of biogeophysical drivers on the spatial patterns of 3-D structure of woody vegetation, these patterns need to be explained over large areas to capture the context. Is there a spatially explicit, ecologically meaningful way to capture the patterns and context of 3-D woody vegetation structure? Location Classification development and testing sites: landscapes in Bushbuckridge Municipality, Sabi Sand Wildtuin and Kruger National Park, Mpumalanga province, north-east South Africa. Methods The aforementioned structural classification approach requires appropriate 3-D and spatially explicit remote sensing data. A LiDAR-based canopy height model (CHM) and volumetric pixel (voxel) data from the Carnegie Airborne Observatory Alpha system were used to create the structural classification. First, we segmented the CHM images using multi-threshold and multi-resolution image segmentation techniques, and classified the image segments into four height classes, namely shrub (1–3 m), low tree (3–6 m), high tree (6–10 m) or tall tree (>10 m). A hierarchical a priori approach was used to develop classification criteria. The following metrics were calculated for 0.25-ha grid cells based on the cover and spatial arrangement of the four height classes: canopy cover, sub-canopy cover, canopy layers, Simpson's diversity index and cohesion. Top of canopy vegetation was classified using each metric at the 0.25-ha scale, with canopy cover being the primary classification metric. Subsequently, individual layers identified within the canopy were classified using the voxel data. We use a code system for describing classes to ensure standardization between different regions; a more traditional naming system may be used in addition for interpretation. Conclusion This system provides a more comprehensive classification of the horizontal and vertical structural diversity of savannas compared to the traditional vegetation classification systems. The description of multi-layers within the canopy should allow for a sensitive change detection method. The classification can be used in many current focus areas, including habitat suitability mapping for biodiversity conservation, strategic adaptive management and monitoring land-cover change.
Identifying Innovators in Consumer Product Markets

Describes the use of a short, valid, reliable self‐report scale to measure consumer innovativeness. Suitable for mail questionnaire or personal interview, this six‐item, Likert‐type scale enables marketers and researchers to identify accurately the potential earliest buyers in a specific product‐market category. Used a survey of 135 adult women to show how the scale performs by giving valuable insights into the fashionable clothing market.
Third generation of retailer brands - retailer expectations and consumer response

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how well grocery stores' motives to implement private labels (create margins and customer perceived brand value, compete with market leading brands, develop store image, enhance store loyalty) are realized, through exploring consumers' attitudes, preferences and behaviour.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on the case of Sweden and interviews with the primary grocery purchaser in 300 households who have visited an ICA store (a Swedish supermarket chain) within a time period of the previous 30 days before the interview.Findings – The study shows that there is a correlation between perceived quality and the price customers are willing to pay for private label products. Results also show that there is a strong correlation between perceived value of private label products in specific categories and the stores' overall product variety image. The study further supports the assumption that store loyalty is influenced by the perceived value of th.
A Strategic Investigation of the Determinants of Wine Consumption in China

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine consumer characteristics, buying behaviour, and the factors that influence the Chinese wine consumer.Design/methodology/approach – The study applies qualitative and quantitative methodology, together with a literature review and a strategic environmental scan of the Chinese wine market and consumer behavior.Findings – Consumer education, wine‐related activities, channels of communication, taste, country of origin, quality, and price rank are found to be important factors influencing the buying and consumption behavior of Chinese consumers.Research limitations/implications – Results suggest that there is a need for stakeholders to develop and implement informational and educational marketing strategies to educate and inform consumers in ways that reflect their needs and expectations according to demographic characteristics.Practical implications – The challenge for the stakeholders will be to: penetrate this emerging market to establish presence and captu.
A manufacturer moving upstream: triadic collaboration for service delivery

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore servitization in the context of the service supply chain, particularly the effects of the relationship between the subsystem supplier and the end user on the supplier's as well as on the supply chain's ability to provide industrial services. In addition, it aims to present a solution to overcome the challenges of lack of this relationship.Design/methodology/approach – A case study incorporating an explorative design science approach identifies a theoretically novel and practically relevant problem in the field of service supply chain management. The study combines empirical data collection; systematic conceptualization of means and ends; evaluation of proposed solutions in iterative‐ and action‐oriented cycles; and theoretical explanation of the observed phenomena and outcomes.Findings – By establishing a triadic operational model with an integrator and end user, the subsystem supplier can servitize within a supply chain in which the end user relationship .
Modeling the autistic cell: iPSCs recapitulate developmental principles of syndromic and nonsyndromic ASD

The opportunity to model autism spectrum disorders (ASD) through generation of patient‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is currently an emerging topic. Wide‐scale research of altered brain circuits in syndromic ASD, including Rett Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, Angelman's Syndrome and sporadic Schizophrenia, was made possible through animal models. However, possibly due to species differences, and to the possible contribution of epigenetics in the pathophysiology of these diseases, animal models fail to recapitulate many aspects of ASD. With the advent of iPSCs technology, 3D cultures of patient‐derived cells are being used to study complex neuronal phenotypes, including both syndromic and nonsyndromic ASD. Here, we review recent advances in using iPSCs to study various aspects of the ASD neuropathology, with emphasis on the efforts to create in vitro model systems for syndromic and nonsyndromic ASD. We summarize the main cellular activity phenotypes and aberrant genetic interaction networks that were found in iPSC‐derived neurons of syndromic and nonsyndromic autistic patients.
A New Strategy for Dealing With Social Loafers on the Group Project

Professors often give members of a group project the same grade or they use peer evaluations to provide individualized grades. Unfortunately, both these methods have shortcomings. This article describes the segment manager method (SMM), a method for assigning individualized grades on the group project that does not rely on peer evaluations. A quasi-experiment is described where marketing research students are graded in groups either with peer evaluations (the control group) or with the SMM (the treatment group). Students participating in the quasi-experiment were more likely to prefer the SMM over the approach that uses peer evaluations. Moreover, when the SMM is compared with the peer evaluations approach, the SMM appears to be more likely to generate individualized grades on the group project that reflect each student’s academic ability, to deter social loafing, to increase scores on the group project, and to increase scores on an exam that is heavily loaded with project material. Recommendations for future users of the SMM are offered.
Ultra low-power low-noise transimpedance amplifier for MEMS-based reference oscillators

A transimpedance amplifier (TIA) has been designed in a 130 nm CMOS technology node to serve as a sustaining amplifier for a MEMS-based oscillator. A regulated cascode (RGC) configuration is used at the input stage to reduce the impact of the input parasitic capacitance on the TIA bandwidth as well as to minimize loading effects on the Q-factor of the resonator. In typical conditions, the TIA achieves a mid-band gain of 112.5 dBΩ and a 3 dB bandwidth of 239 MHz, while dissipating only 360 μW from a 1.2V supply. A linear RLC model of a MEMS wine-glass disk resonator resonating at 20 MHz with a Q-factor of 104 is used to validate the TIA. The post layout simulations show a phase noise below -125 dBc/Hz at a 1 kHz offset and a noise floor of -131.9 dBc/Hz.
Monounsaturated versus polyunsaturated dietary fat and serum lipids. A meta-analysis.

The objective of this study was to examine whether oils high in monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats have a differential effect on serum lipid levels, using a meta-analytical approach. Fourteen studies (1983 through 1994) were identified that met six inclusion criteria, the primary criterion being that a study have at least two intervention diets that varied in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat content but were otherwise similar in total fat, saturated fat, fiber, and dietary cholesterol. Seven studies included a comparable high-saturated fat diet. Standardized effect sizes observed treatment difference in mean end-point lipid levels, divided by the pooled (SD) were calculated for individual studies, then individual effect sizes were pooled. The results indicated no significant differences in total, LDL, or HDL cholesterol levels when oils high in monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats were compared directly. Triglyceride levels were modestly but consistently lower on the diets high in polyunsaturated fats (P = .05). Replacement of saturated fat with either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat led to significant decreases in total and LDL cholesterol (P < .001), and the pooled effect sizes were comparable for either type of unsaturate (effect sizes ranged from -0.64 to -0.68, ie, roughly a decrease of 0.65 mmol/L [25 mg/dL] relative to the high-saturated fat diets). Neither type of unsaturated fat significantly changed HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels relative to the high-saturated fat diets. In conclusion, the evidence from this meta-analysis strongly indicates there is no significant difference in LDL or HDL cholesterol levels when oils high in either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats are exchanged in the diet. Any dietary recommendations for the use of one in preference to the other should be based on outcomes other than serum cholesterol levels.
Gestational diabetes mellitus: Non-insulin management

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates a substantial number of pregnancies. There is consensus that in patients of GDM, excellent blood glucose control, with diet and, when necessary, oral hypoglycemics and insulin results in improved perinatal outcomes, and appreciably reduces the probability of serious neonatal morbidity compared with routine prenatal care. Goals of metabolic management of a pregnancy complicated with GDM have to balance the needs of a healthy pregnancy with the requirements to control glucose level. Medical nutrition therapy is the cornerstone of therapy for women with GDM. Surveillance with daily self-monitoring of blood glucose has been found to help guide management in a much better way than blood glucose checking in labs and clinics, which tends to be less frequent. Historically, insulin has been the therapeutic agent of choice for controlling hyperglycemia in pregnant women. However, difficulty in medication administration with multiple daily injections, potential for hypoglycemia, and increase in appetite and weight make this therapeutic option cumbersome for many pregnant patients. Use of oral hypogycemic agents (OHAs) in pregnancy has opened new vistas for GDM management. At present, there is a growing acceptance of glyburide (glibenclamide) use as the primary therapy for GDM. Glyburide and metformin have been found to be safe, effective and economical for the treatment of gestational diabetes. Insulin, however, still has an important role to play in GDM. GDM is a window of opportunity, which needs to be seized, for prevention of diabetes in future life. Goal of our educational programs should be not only to improve pregnancy outcomes but also to promote healthy lifestyle changes for the mother that will last long after delivery. Team effort on part of obstetricians and endocrinologists is required to make “the diabetes capital of the world” into “the diabetes care capital of the world”.
Dissociation of function between the dorsal and the ventral hippocampus in spatial learning abilities of the rat: a within‐subject, within‐task comparison of reference and working spatial memory

Lesions restricted to the dorsal, but not the ventral, hippocampus severely impair the formation of spatial memory. This dissociation was first demonstrated using the water maze task. The present study investigated whether the dorsal and the ventral hippocampus are involved differentially in spatial reference and spatial working memory using a four‐baited/four‐unbaited version of the eight‐arm radial maze task. This test allows the concurrent evaluation of reference and working memory with respect to the same set of spatial cues, and thereby enables a within‐subjects within‐task comparison between the two forms of memory functions. Rats with N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid‐induced excitotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus, ventral hippocampus or both were compared with sham and unoperated controls. We showed that dorsal lesions were as effective as complete lesions in severely disrupting both reference and working spatial memory, whereas rats with ventral lesions performed at a level comparable with controls. These results lend further support to the existence of a functional dissociation between the dorsal and the ventral hippocampus, with the former being preferentially involved in spatial learning.
Future directions in knee replacement

Abstract The use of artificial joints for the treatment of osteoarthritis is expected to expand considerably over the next decade. While newer technologies can offer yet further improvements in total knee systems, implementation will be strongly affected by the need to satisfy apparently competing requirements. Patients expect quicker rehabilitation, improved performance, and lifelong durability; on the other hand, economic constraints require a reduction in cost for each procedure, as well as early intervention and preventative measures, while there is increased pressure from health care systems to use evidence-based medicine as the standard of choice for implants and techniques. The success of a knee replacement depends on the design itself, the surgical technique, the rehabilitation, and, not least, the patient. The major goal of the implant design can be redefined as a restoration of normal knee mechanics, whether by maximum preservation of tissues, or by guiding surfaces that replace their function. Surgical technique needs to be less invasive but achieve optimal patient-specific alignment and soft tissue balancing. Rehabilitation procedures must achieve the expectations of realistic patients. Testing and evaluation methods need to be upgraded for enhanced predictability. This paper discusses current trends and future possibilities to address this expansive scope of design criteria.
Cytoskeleton and Chromatin Reorganization in Horse Oocytes Following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: Patterns Associated with Normal and Defective Fertilization

Abstract Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is the method of choice for fertilizing horse oocytes in vitro. Nevertheless, for reasons that are not yet clear, embryo development rates are low. The aims of this study were to examine cytoskeletal and chromatin reorganization in horse oocytes fertilized by ICSI or activated parthenogenetically. Additional oocytes were injected with a sperm labeled with a mitochondrion-specific vital dye to help identify the contribution of the sperm to zygotic structures, in particular the centrosome. Oocytes were fixed at set intervals after sperm injection and examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In unfertilized oocytes, microtubules were present only in the metaphase-arrested second meiotic spindle and the first polar body. After sperm injection, an aster of microtubules formed adjacent to the sperm head and subsequently enlarged such that at the time of pronucleus migration and apposition it filled the entire cytoplasm. During syngamy, the microtubule matrix reorganized to form a mitotic spindle on which the chromatin of both parents aligned. Finally, after nuclear and cellular cleavage were complete, the microtubule asters dispersed into the interphase daughter cells. Sham injection induced parthenogenetic activation of 76% of oocytes, marked by the formation of multiple cytoplasmic microtubular foci that later developed into a dense microtubule network surrounding the female pronucleus. The finding that a parthenote alone can produce a microtubule aster, whereas the aster invariably forms at the base of the sperm head during normal fertilization, indicates that both gametes contribute to the formation of the zygotic centrosome in the horse. Finally, 25% of sperm-injected oocytes failed to complete fertilization, mostly due to absence of oocyte activation (65%), which was often accompanied by failure of sperm decondensation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that union of the parental genomes in horse zygotes is accompanied by a series of integrated cytoskeleton-mediated events, failure of which results in developmental arrest.
The Influence of Market Orientation on E-Business Innovation and Performance: The Role of the Top Management Team

There is a general belief that a firm's market orientation can lead to innovativeness and positive performance outcomes. In this research, we attempt to build upon previous research in the market orientation and innovation literatures and examine how the behavior of the top management team can influence the aforementioned relationships as well as several dimensions of performance. Employing a multigroup approach in structural equation modeling, we demonstrate the moderating role of the top management team's involvement with the technology innovation. In addition to finding support for the relationships grounded in previous theory, our findings suggest that having top management "champion" the technology innovation initiatives is crucial for successful results.