Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of allosteric regulation of transglutaminase 2 by GTP

Allosteric regulation is a fundamental mechanism of biological control. Here, we investigated the allosteric mechanism by which GTP inhibits cross-linking activity of transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a multifunctional protein, with postulated roles in receptor signaling, extracellular matrix assembly, and apoptosis. Our findings indicate that at least two components are involved in functionally coupling the allosteric site and active center of TG2, namely (i) GTP binding to mask a conformationally destabilizing switch residue, Arg-579, and to facilitate interdomain interactions that promote adoption of a compact, catalytically inactive conformation and (ii) stabilization of the inactive conformation by an uncommon H bond between a cysteine (Cys-277, an active center residue) and a tyrosine (Tyr-516, a residue located on a loop of the β-barrel 1 domain that harbors the GTP-binding site). Although not essential for GTP-mediated inhibition of cross-linking, this H bond enhances the rate of formation of the inactive conformer.
Identification and Estimation of Auction Model with Two‐Dimensional Unobserved Heterogeneity

This article investigates the empirical importance of allowing for multidimensional sources of unobserved heterogeneity in auction models with private information. It develops the estimation procedure to recover the distribution of private information in the presence of two sources of unobserved heterogeneity. It is shown that this estimation procedure identifies components of the model and produces uniformly consistent estimators of these components. The results of the estimation with highway procurement data indicate that allowing for two‐dimensional unobserved heterogeneity may significantly affect the results of estimation as well as policy‐relevant instruments derived from the estimated distributions of bidders’ costs.
Going East: New Genetic and Archaeological Perspectives on the Modern Human Colonization of Eurasia

The pattern of dispersal of biologically and behaviorally modern human populations from their African origins to the rest of the occupied world between ∼60,000 and 40,000 years ago is at present a topic of lively debate, centering principally on the issue of single versus multiple dispersals. Here I argue that the archaeological and genetic evidence points to a single successful dispersal event, which took genetically and culturally modern populations fairly rapidly across southern and southeastern Asia into Australasia, and with only a secondary and later dispersal into Europe.
Analysis of mechanical properties of doubly salient permanent magnet motor

The doubly salient permanent magnet (DSPM) motor is derived from switched reluctance motor (SRM). But its mechanical property is not same as the SRM due to its structure with permanent magnet material. In this paper, its operational principles are introduced at first. And then the mathematical model about a typical 8/6-pole motor is proposed including such formulas as voltage equation, linkage equation, torque equation and motion equation. At last, the mechanical properties of DSPM motor are deduced from above formulas. Both mathematical consequence and simulation on MATLAB have shown that the DSPM motor possesses soft properties similar to those of the series DC motor.
Attosecond-precision microwave photonics based on ultralow-jitter mode-locked lasers

We present the latest progress in attosecond-precision microwave synthesis, synchronization and remote transfer, based on ultralow-jitter passively mode-locked lasers. First, we show ultralow-noise 10-GHz microwave synthesis from an 80-MHz mode-locked Er-fiber laser with -157 dBc/Hz phase noise at 100-kHz offset frequency. We further show a simple all-fiber-optic stabilization method that enables 0.98-fs (20-fs) absolute timing jitter integrated from 100 Hz (1 Hz) to 10 MHz offset frequency. Second, attosecond-stability synchronization between mode-locked lasers and microwave oscillators is demonstrated. We developed an optical phase detector, named the fiber-loop optical-microwave phase detector (FLOM-PD), that enables direct phase detection between optical pulse train and microwave with attosecond resolution and long-term stability. By using the FLOM-PD, we show 800-attosecond-precision synchronization between an 80-MHz mode-locked Er-fiber laser and a 10-GHz microwave oscillator maintained over 2 hours. Several emerging applications of FLOM-PD, ranging from ultrafast electron diffraction apparatus to fiber-optic sensors, will be also introduced. Finally, we show remote transfer of microwave phase using optical pulse trains generated from mode-locked lasers. A 2.856-GHz microwave signal is transferred over a 2.3-km fiber link with 7×10-19 relative fractional frequency instability. We will further show the recent work in free-space transfer of optical pulse trains for microwave phase distribution.
Diversity Management Competencies of HR Managers

The aim of the paper was to identify the impact of labor force diversity on human resource management in the Russian Federation in the context of political and economic conditions and to propose recommendations which HR practices are effective in making use of diversity by an analysis of the current situation. Paper shows that using of diversity management in HR practice needs tools of competency based management and cross-cultural management. Methodology research includes publication research, an in-depth analysis of semi-structures interviews with human resource managers and consultants, and observation of aspects that cover practices used in diversity management through human resource management. Interviews identify approaches and human resource practices in companies located in the Sverdlovsk region: HR marketing attract foreign workers in the Russian Federation mostly under pressure stemming from minority customers and the diversity market. A study of management practices in organizations of the Sverdlovsk oblast showed that managers have not got competencies in diversity management, but they think, that its true important for managing of divers personnel and they ready for learning and using of diversity management.
Human trks: molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and expression of extracellular domain immunoadhesins

Using molecular cloning techniques, human homologs of the known members of the trk family of neurotrophin receptors have been cloned and sequenced. Overall, there is a high degree of similarity between the human sequences and those from other mammals; however, there are differences in splicing patterns. There are two spliced forms of the extracellular domain of trkC in the human, a finding that has not been described in other species. In contrast, fewer spliced forms were detected of the intracellular domains of human trkB and trkC than has been described in other mammals. Northern analysis and in situ hybridization experiments indicate that the human trks are expressed in a similar pattern to that described in other mammals. Expression of the trk extracellular domains as fusion proteins with IgG heavy chain yields soluble molecules that mimic intact trks in their binding specificity and affinity. These soluble chimeras block the biological activity of their cognate neurotrophin(s) in vitro.
Specification-based Intrusion Detection for home area networks in smart grids

Achievement of the goals of smart grid such as resilience, high power quality, and consumer participation strongly depends on the security of this system. Along with the security measures that should be built into the smart grid from the beginning, appropriate Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) should also be designed. Home area network (HA#) is one of the most vulnerable subsystems within the smart grid, mostly because of its physically insecure environment. In this paper, we present a layered specification-based IDS for HA#. Considering that ZigBee is the dominant technology in future HA#, our IDS is designed to target ZigBee technology; specifically we address the physical and medium access control (MAC) layers. In our IDS the normal behavior of the network is defined through selected specifications that we extract from the IEEE 802.15. 4 standard. Deviations from the defined normal behavior can be a sign of some malicious activities. We further investigate the physical and MAC layer attacks in ZigBee networks and evaluate the performance of our proposed IDS against them. Our IDS provides a good detection capability against known attacks, and since this is an IDS based on anomalous event detection, we expect the same for unknown attacks.
Prophylactic and therapeutic inferior vena cava filters to prevent pulmonary emboli in trauma patients.

HYPOTHESIS Insertion of inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) can prophylactically reduce pulmonary embolism (PE) in trauma patients. DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING Urban, level I trauma center. PATIENTS Two hundred blunt trauma patients undergoing IVCF placement. INTERVENTIONS In 122 patients who had already been diagnosed as having deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (112 patients) and/or PE (22 patients), the insertion of the IVCF was considered "therapeutic. " In 78 patients who had no evidence of DVT or PE but who were considered to be at high risk for a PE, the IVCF was considered "prophylactic. " MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of PE and related mortality and morbidity in therapeutic vs prophylactic IVCFs. RESULTS The number of prophylactic IVCFs inserted increased significantly from only 4% (3/68 cases) from 1991 through 1996, up to 57% (75/132 cases) from 1997 to June 2001. Although the mean +/- SD age (51 +/- 20 years vs 41 +/- 15 years; P<.001) was higher in the therapeutic group, there was no difference in the mean +/- SD Injury Severity Scores (20 +/- 12 vs 21 +/- 11). Therapeutic filters were placed much later after injury (mean +/- SD time, 11 +/- 7 vs 3 +/- 2 days; P<.001). The mortality rate was 11% (13/122 patients) in patients having a therapeutic IVCF, as compared with only 3% (2/78 patients) in those placed prophylactically (P =.07). None of the patients who had placement of a prophylactic IVCF developed subsequent PE. The incidence of PE decreased in all blunt trauma patients from 0.29% before 1997 to 0.15% after January 1, 1997, when 57% of the IVCF inserted were prophylactic (P =.06). CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic IVCFs should be inserted within 48 hours of injury in specific trauma patients at high risk for PE and with contraindications to anticoagulation.
Drug‐specific cyclodextrins with emphasis on sugammadex, the neuromuscular blocker rocuronium and perioperative anaphylaxis: implications for drug allergy

Cyclodextrins, oligosaccharides linked in a circular arrangement around a central cavity, are used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug delivery. Their usefulness depends on their capacity to form a drug inclusion, or host–guest, complex within the cavity. In an attempt to improve the delivery of the widely used neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) rocuronium, a rocuronium inclusion complex was formed with a chemically modified γ‐cyclodextrin. The high binding affinity and specificity of the modified carrier (named sugammadex) for rocuronium (and other aminosteroid NMBDs) led to its use in anaesthesia as an innovative and useful agent for rapid reversal of rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular block by sequestering the drug as an inclusion complex. This, in turn, led to the suggestion that sugammadex might be useful to remove the NMBD from the circulation of patients experiencing rocuronium‐induced anaphylaxis, a suggestion subsequently supported in case reports where traditional treatment had failed. Successful resuscitations suggested that sugammadex might be a valuable new treatment for such intractable cases but, given the inappropriateness of clinical trials, confirmation or refutation will have to await the slow accumulation of results of individual case reports. Important questions related to antibody accessibility of drug allergenic structures on the rocuronium–sugammadex inclusion complex, and the competition between sugammadex and IgE antibodies (both free and cell bound) for rocuronium, also remain and can be investigated in vitro. The sugammadex findings indicate that the use of carrier molecules such as the cyclodextrins to improve drug delivery will sometimes give rise to changed immunologic and allergenic behaviour of some drugs and this will have to be taken into account in preclinical drug safety assessments of drug–carrier complexes. The possibility of encapsulating and removing other allergenic drugs, e.g., penicillins and cephalosporins, in cases of difficult‐to‐reverse anaphylaxis to these drugs is discussed.
Vulvar and vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: findings from the REVIVE (REal Women's VIews of Treatment Options for Menopausal Vaginal ChangEs) survey.

INTRODUCTION Vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) is a chronic medical condition experienced by many postmenopausal women. Symptoms include dyspareunia (pain with intercourse), vaginal dryness, and irritation and may affect sexual activities, relationships, and activities of daily life. AIM The aim of this study is to characterize postmenopausal women's experience with and perception of VVA symptoms, interactions with healthcare professionals (HCPs), and available treatment options. METHODS An online survey was conducted in the United States in women from KnowledgePanel(®) , a 56,000-member probability-selected Internet panel projectable to the overall US population. Altogether, 3,046 postmenopausal women with VVA symptoms (the largest US cohort of recent surveys) responded to questions about their knowledge of VVA, impact of symptoms on their activities, communication with HCPs, and use of available treatments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Percent is calculated as the ratio of response over total responding for each question for all and stratified participants. RESULTS The most common VVA symptoms were dryness (55% of participants), dyspareunia (44%), and irritation (37%). VVA symptoms affected enjoyment of sex in 59% of participants. Additionally, interference with sleep, general enjoyment of life, and temperament were reported by 24%, 23%, and 23% of participants, respectively. Few women attributed symptoms to menopause (24%) or hormonal changes (12%). Of all participants, 56% had ever discussed VVA symptoms with an HCP and 40% currently used VVA-specific topical treatments (vaginal over-the-counter [OTC] products [29%] and vaginal prescription therapies [11%]). Of those who had discussed symptoms with an HCP, 62% used OTC products. Insufficient symptom relief and inconvenience were cited as major limitations of OTC products and concerns about side effects and cancer risk limited use of topical vaginal prescription therapies. CONCLUSIONS VVA symptoms are common in postmenopausal women. Significant barriers to treatment include lack of knowledge about VVA, reluctance to discuss symptoms with HCPs, safety concerns, inconvenience, and inadequate symptom relief from available treatments.
Cooperative localization based on the azimuth angles among multiple UAVs

In view of the potentials and benefits of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in civil and surveillance applications, such as forest fire monitoring and fighting, earthquake and natural disasters monitoring and sensing etc., the cooperative flight of multiple UAVs has been paid more and more attention. Among the applications of multiple UAVs in cooperative flight, fault-tolerant cooperative localization against global positioning system (GPS) signal loss due to GPS receiver malfunction is one of key techniques for various practical applications. The current research on fault-tolerant cooperative localization of UAVs is mainly based on the distance between UAVs. However, cooperative localization based on the azimuth angles between UAVs has not been generally researched so far. This paper aims to solve the problem of fault-tolerant cooperative localization of UAVs by introducing the azimuth angles between UAVs. Firstly, the basic localization model is established and the formulas of localization in two and three dimensional coordinate systems are derived. Then the optimal reference planes are chosen with the principle of minimum horizontal dilution of positioning (HDOP). Kalman filter is applied to decrease the influence of observation errors on localization. Kalman filter and extended Kalman filter are designed against linear and non-linear systems, respectively. Finally, the simulation results indicate that the cooperative localization based on the azimuth angles achieves high localization accuracy.
Is Postural Hypotension a Real Problem with Antihypertensive Medication?

Historically, postural hypotension has been cited as a consideration which might influence the selection of antihypertensive therapy. The common symptoms (dizziness, blackouts, syncope) give cause for concern but they are not attributed to every class of antihypertensive drug. For example, administration of a β-blocker is not generally associated with symptomatic postural hypotension, whereas the α-blocker prazosin was particularly problematical, with a significant and well-recognized risk of first-dose postural effects. Titration from a low starting dose and careful selection/monitoring of patients have been successfully used to circumvent this problem. However, since there is a relatively high incidence of postural hypotensive symptoms in elderly patients in general, it may be a misconception to attribute such symptoms to any particular type of antihypertensive drug. Furthermore, with the newer α1-blockers, such as doxazosin, which have a more gradual onset of action, there is a markedly reduced tendency for postural hypotension to occur. Thus, it is perhaps time to reassess the real significance of iatrogenic postural hypotension in the selection of antihypertensive therapy.
Paranasal Sinus Development in Chronic Sinusitis, Cystic Fibrosis, and Normal Comparison Population: A Computerized Tomography Correlation Study

Chronic sinus disease in patients with and without cystic fibrosis may have an impact on the pattern of paranasal sinus pneumatization. Arrest of pneumatization has been reported in both of these conditions. To assess the development of the paranasal sinuses in relationship to chronic sinusitis and cystic fibrosis (CF), a retrospective review of coronal CT scans of the age-matched patients with no previous sinus disease, patients with chronic sinusitis, and cystic fibrosis patients was conducted. The patients’ ages ranged from 4 to 17 years. The maxillary sinus volume, anteroposterior diameter, and greatest transverse diameter and height were determined using image analysis software after the coronal CT scans were scanned into Macintosh computer. The size of the maxillary sinus increased with advancing age in the control and chronic sinusitis group, but not in the patients with cystic fibrosis. The patients with cystic fibrosis had a statistically significant smaller maxillary sinus size. Approximately 50% of the patients with chronic sinusitis had anatomic anomalies, the most common being paradoxical middle turbinates. The CT scans of CF patients were characterized by uncinate process demineralization and medial displacement of the lateral nasal wall in the middle meatus, and decreased maxillary sinus pneumatization.
Two Protein-tyrosine Phosphatases Inactivate the Osmotic Stress Response Pathway in Yeast by Targeting the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase, Hog1*

Protein phosphatases inactivate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways by dephosphorylating components of the MAPK cascade. Two genes encoding protein-tyrosine phosphatases, PTP2, and a new phosphatase,PTP3, have been isolated in a genetic selection for negative regulators of an osmotic stress response pathway called HOG, for high osmolarity glycerol, in budding yeast. PTP2 and PTP3 were isolated as multicopy suppressors of a severe growth defect due to hyperactivation of the HOG pathway. Phosphatase activity is required for suppression since mutation of the catalytic Cys residue in Ptp2 and Ptp3, destroys suppressor function and biochemical activity. The substrate of these phosphatases is likely to be the MAPK, Hog1. Catalytically inactive Ptp2 and Ptp3 coprecipitate with Hog1 from yeast extracts. In addition, strains lacking PTP2 and PTP3 do not dephosphorylate Hog1-phosphotyrosine as well as wild type. The latter suggests that PTP2 and PTP3 play a role in adaptation. Consistent with this role, osmotic stress induces expression of PTP2 and PTP3 transcripts in a Hog1-dependent manner. Thus Ptp2 and Ptp3 likely act in a negative feedback loop to inactivate Hog1.
Efficient rescue of integrated shuttle vectors from transgenic mice: a model for studying mutations in vivo.

To study gene mutations in different organs and tissues of an experimental animal, we produced transgenic mice harboring bacteriophage lambda shuttle vectors integrated in the genome in a head-to-tail arrangement. As a target for mutagenesis, the selectable bacterial lacZ gene was cloned in the vector. The integrated vectors were rescued from total genomic DNA with high efficiency by in vitro packaging and propagation of the phages in a LacZ- strain of Escherichia coli C. The background mutation frequencies in brain and liver DNA appeared to be low, as was indicated by the absence of colorless plaques among 138,816 and 168,160 phage isolated from brain and liver DNA, respectively. Treatment of adult female transgenic mice with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea resulted in a dose-dependent increase of the frequency of mutated vectors isolated from brain DNA, up to 7.4 x 10(-5) at 250 mg of the alkylating agent per kilogram of body weight. At this dose, in liver DNA of the same mice, mutation frequencies were approximately 3 x 10(-5). DNA sequence analysis of four mutant vectors isolated from brain DNA indicated predominantly G.C----A.T transitions. These results demonstrate the value of this transgenic mouse model in studying gene mutations in vivo. In addition to its use in fundamental research, the system could be used as a sensitive, organ-specific, short-term mutagenicity assay.
Maternal hypoglycemia during pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: maternal and fetal consequences

There is strong evidence that the avoidance of hyperglycemia is essential inoptimizing pregnancy outcome in type 1 diabetes. The price to pay is a striking increase in severe hypoglycemia (SH), defined as episodes requiring help from another person. During type 1 diabetic pregnancy, occurrence rates of SH up to 15 times higher as in the intensively treated group of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) are reported. Blood glucose (BG) treatment targets differ considerably between clinics; some authors advocate lower limits as low as 3.3 mmol/l. Improved glycemic control and/or recurrent hypoglycemia (i.e. BG <3.9 mmol/l) may result in impairment of glucose counterregulatory responses. Also, glucose counterregulation may be altered by pregnancy itself. Short‐acting insulin analogs may help reduce hypoglycemia with preservation of good glycemic control, but their use during pregnancy has yet to be proven safe.