Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clonidine and or adrenaline decrease lignocaine plasma peak concentration after epidural injection.

Clonidine is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist increasingly used in combination with lignocaine for spinal or epidural anaesthesia because of a prolonged analgesic effect. Life adrenaline, it may decrease lignocaine peak concentration (Cmax), thus leading to decreased toxicity. However, the effects of clonidine on resorption of lignocaine into the systemic circulation from the epidural space remain to be established. We studied the pharmacokinetics of lignocaine after epidural injection of lignocaine with or without clonidine, adrenaline and both drugs. Total body clearance and apparent volume of distribution were similar in the four groups, but the maximum observed concentration (Cmax) was markedly increased in the plain solution group as compared with the other groups; (plain lignocaine: 7.15 +/- 2.04 micrograms ml-1, lignocaine + adrenaline: 3.11 +/- 136 micrograms ml-1, lignocaine + clonidine: 4.48 +/- 1.26 micrograms ml-1, lignocaine + adrenaline + clonidine: 4.06 +/- 1.42 micrograms ml-1 [mean +/- s.d.]). Our results show that, clonidine decreases lignocaine Cmax to the same extent as adrenaline.
Prenatal detection of severe right ventricular outflow tract obstruction: pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary atresia.

We reviewed the prenatal echocardiograms and clinical outcomes of 12 fetuses with severe valvar pulmonary stenosis (six cases) or pulmonary atresia (six cases), to identify in utero echocardiographic features associated with severe right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The mean age at initial prenatal study was 25 :1: 6 weeks of gestation. The echocardiographic appearance of the four chamber view, the right ventricular outflow tract, and the pulmonary arteries were similar for severe pul· monary stenosis and pulmonary atTesia. The four chamber view was abnormal in all 12 cases. Right atrial dilation, with or without tricuspid regurgita· tion, was a common feature of severe pulmonary stenosis (six patients) and pulmonary atresla (four patients). In two fetuses with pulmonary atresia and significant right ventricular hypoplasia, a large atrial
Mll2 is required for H3K4 trimethylation on bivalent promoters in embryonic stem cells, whereas Mll1 is redundant

Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) at the promoters of actively transcribed genes is a universal epigenetic mark and a key product of Trithorax group action. Here, we show that Mll2, one of the six Set1/Trithorax-type H3K4 methyltransferases in mammals, is required for trimethylation of bivalent promoters in mouse embryonic stem cells. Mll2 is bound to bivalent promoters but also to most active promoters, which do not require Mll2 for H3K4me3 or mRNA expression. By contrast, the Set1 complex (Set1C) subunit Cxxc1 is primarily bound to active but not bivalent promoters. This indicates that bivalent promoters rely on Mll2 for H3K4me3 whereas active promoters have more than one bound H3K4 methyltransferase, including Set1C. Removal of Mll1, sister to Mll2, had almost no effect on any promoter unless Mll2 was also removed, indicating functional backup between these enzymes. Except for a subset, loss of H3K4me3 on bivalent promoters did not prevent responsiveness to retinoic acid, thereby arguing against a priming model for bivalency. In contrast, we propose that Mll2 is the pioneer trimethyltransferase for promoter definition in the naïve epigenome and that Polycomb group action on bivalent promoters blocks the premature establishment of active, Set1C-bound, promoters.
Platelet-activating factor does not stimulate cAMP formation from immature forms of freshly isolated leukaemic blasts

To the Editor,PAF is a phospholipid mediator that sparks off awide range of immunoregulatory actions on maturehaematopoietic cells [1]. Intracellular and nuclearPAF-receptors (PAF-R) are reported [2–5]. Theybelong to the G-protein-coupled family. Studieshighlight the presence of PAF-R transcripts innormal haematopoietic CD34
Determination of ovulation by ultrasound examination and its relation to the LH-peak in heifers.

Summary In 8 heifers the ovaries were examined by ultrasonography every fourth hour during and after oestrus to determine the time of ovulation. Blood samples were taken every second hour during prooestrus and oestrus for determination of the LH-peak. Four animals were followed during one oestrus period and 4 animals during 2. The LH-peak occurred a few hours (mean 7.4 h) after the onset of oestrus. The intervals between onset of oestrus and ovulation and between LH-peak and ovulation were 32.3 and 24.9 h, respectively. There were only small differences in the interval between LH-peak and ovulation among animals (range 22–28 h) and also between the 2 observations on the same animal. On 4 occasions (3 heifers) 2 follicles ≥ 1.0 cm were seen in the ovaries during prooestrus and oestrus. This caused an increase in the length of the prooestrus period. Zusammenfassung Bestimmung der Ovulation mittels Ultraschall und ihre Beziehung zum LH-Gipfel bei Kalbinnen: Zur Bestimmung der Ovulation wurden bei 8 Kalbinnen die Ovarien wahrend und nach dem Ostrus in viertelstundigem Abstand mittels Ultraschall untersucht. Ferner wurden alle 2 Stunden wahrend und nach dem Ostrus Blutproben zur Ermittlung des LH-Gipfels gewonnen. Vier Tiere wurden wahrend einer Brunstperiode und vier Tiere wahrend zwei Brunstperioden entsprechend untersucht. Der LH-Gipfel trat einige Stunden (im Mittel 7,4 h) nach Beginn des Ostrus auf. Der Abstand zwischen Ostrusbeginn und Ovulation sowie Beginn des LH-Gipfels und Ovulation betrug 32,3 bzw. 24,9 h. Es ergaben sich bei den einzelnen Tieren nur geringe Unterschiede bezuglich des Abstandes zwischen LH-Gipfel und Ovulation. Analoges gilt fur 2 Beobachtungen am gleichen Tier. In 4 Fallen (3 Tiere) wurden 2 Follikel ≥ 1,0 cm an den Ovarien wahrend des Proostrus und Ostrus festgestellt. Dies war mit einer Zunahme der Lange des Proostrus vergesellschaftet.
Human-robot interaction as a tool to evaluate and quantify motor imitation behavior in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have difficulties engaging in imitation behavior. Available clinical tests that evaluate imitation rely on subjective observation and categorical “yes” or “no” data. We describe the development of a method to quantify imitation using a robot, kinematic data and a Dynamic Time Warping algorithm. A realistic-looking robot performed movements such as “waving hello/goodbye”, “good job fist bump” and encouraged children with ASD and controls to imitate it. Preliminary results show that children with ASD interact positively with the robot and the DTW similarity measure may serve as both a meaningful and objective tool for evaluating the quality of imitation behavior.
22 q 11 . 2 microduplication in a family with recurrent fetal congenital heart disease

People carrying a 22q11.2 microduplication display a phenotype varying from normal to severely affected. We report a phenotypically normal female presented with a fetus having a severe congenital heart defect with ventricular septal defect, tricuspid atresia, patent ductus arteriosus and interrupted aortic arch. The pregnant woman had a history of overall three consecutive aberrant pregnancies with tetralogy of Fallot. Standard G-banding karyotype analysis of the parents and the actual pregnancywere normal, while array comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH) analysis revealed a 22q11.2 microduplicationwithin the fetus’ genome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and short tandem repeat polymorphism (STRP) tests indicated the affected fetus inherited the interstitial 22q11.2 microduplication from the mother. High-resolution oligonucleotide microarray analysis showed this microduplication is located in the common 3 Mb 22q11.2 deletion region between positions 17.298 Mb and 20.246 Mb with a length of 2.948 Mb. This report demonstrates the remarkable intrafamilial variability of a 22q11.2 microduplication phenotype. The 22q11.2microduplication carried by one of the healthy parents hasmost likely contributed to the recurrent fetal heart defects. 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Generation and metabolism of bioactive sphingosine‐1‐phosphate

Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lysosphingophospholipid that has been implicated in the regulation of vital biological processes. Abundant evidence indicates that S1P acts as both an intracellular messenger and an extracellular ligand for a family of five specific G protein‐coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs). Cellular levels of S1P are tightly regulated in a spatio‐temporal manner through its synthesis catalyzed by sphingosine kinases (SphKs) and degradation by S1P lyase (SPL) and specific S1P phosphohydrolases. Over the past decade, the identification and cloning of genes encoding S1P metabolizing enzymes has increased rapidly. Overexpression and deletion of these enzymes has provided important insights into the intracellular and the “inside‐out” functions of S1P. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of S1P metabolizing enzymes, their enzymatic properties, and their roles in the control of cellular functions by S1P. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urease-positive bacteriuria and obstruction of long-term urinary catheters

Long-term urethral catheterization (greater than or equal to 30 days), a management technique for urinary incontinence, results in polymicrobial bacteriuria. We frequently found urease-producing bacteria: of 1,135 weekly urine specimens from 32 long-term-catheterized patients, 86% had urease-positive bacterial species at greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/ml. The most common species were Proteus mirabilis and Morganella morganii, each found in over half the specimens. P. mirabilis, but not other urease-positive species, was significantly associated with the 67 obstructions observed in 23 patients. M. morganii had a more complex association and in some way may protect the catheter from obstruction.
The follow-up results with sustained virologic response in chronic hepatitis C patients in Şanlıurfa / Turkey

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate sustained virological response (SVR) after treatment and factors that influence SVR among patients treated for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Materials and methods: The study was conducted in patients with CHC between April 2007 and March 2011, who had achieved SVR following treatment. They were treated with PEG IFN-α and ribavirin. Patients, whose end of treatment responses were obtained without a SVR, received a second course of treatment. Results: A total of 124 patients, 61 female (49.2%) were enrolled in the study. The distribution of genotypes was: 102 patients with genotype 1 (82.3%) and 22 with genotype 2 (17.7%). SVR was achieved in 78 patients (62.9%) (67 during the first course and 11 in the second) were followed up for a mean duration of 18.4±8.5 months. Positive predictive factors on SVR were female gender (P=0.01), low initial viral load (P=0.01), early virological response (EVR) development (P<0.001) and infection with genotype 2 (P<0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, there was no recurrence of HCV infection beyond follow-up of 24 months in any of the patients who obtained SVR. Female gender, low initial viral load, development of EVR and infection with genotype 2 was determined to have a positive impact on SVR. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 2(1): 14-20
Adverse effects of fish oil.

To the Editor . — Fisher et al 1 in their article on n-3 fatty acids and cellular aspects of atherogenesis suggest that urgent trials of n-3 fatty acid supplementation are needed to assess their effects on atherosclerotic disease. While epidemiological studies 2,3 have documented a reduced incidence of ischemic heart disease in populations with a high intake of n-3 fatty acids, there is also an unexplained increased incidence of stroke. 2,3 Apart from a high incidence of unpleasant side effects in patients taking fish oil supplements, clinical 4 and laboratory studies 5 have shown evidence of raised blood pressure in groups taking omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. In addition, recent epidemiological evidence has shown an increased incidence and prevalence of hypertensive related diseases 3 in the same type of population in whom there is a low incidence of ischemic heart disease. While the theoretical benefits of n-3 fatty acid supplementation are
Contextual effects of noise on vocalization encoding in primary auditory cortex.

Robust auditory perception plays a pivotal function for processing behaviorally relevant sounds, particularly with distractions from the environment. The neuronal coding enabling this ability, however, is still not well understood. In this study, we recorded single-unit activity from the primary auditory cortex (A1) of awake marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) while delivering conspecific vocalizations degraded by two different background noises: broadband white noise and vocalization babble. Noise effects on neural representation of target vocalizations were quantified by measuring the responses' similarity to those elicited by natural vocalizations as a function of signal-to-noise ratio. A clustering approach was used to describe the range of response profiles by reducing the population responses to a summary of four response classes (robust, balanced, insensitive, and brittle) under both noise conditions. This clustering approach revealed that, on average, approximately two-thirds of the neurons change their response class when encountering different noises. Therefore, the distortion induced by one particular masking background in single-unit responses is not necessarily predictable from that induced by another, suggesting the low likelihood of a unique group of noise-invariant neurons across different background conditions in A1. Regarding noise influence on neural activities, the brittle response group showed addition of spiking activity both within and between phrases of vocalizations relative to clean vocalizations, whereas the other groups generally showed spiking activity suppression within phrases, and the alteration between phrases was noise dependent. Overall, the variable single-unit responses, yet consistent response types, imply that primate A1 performs scene analysis through the collective activity of multiple neurons. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The understanding of where and how auditory scene analysis is accomplished is of broad interest to neuroscientists. In this paper, we systematically investigated neuronal coding of multiple vocalizations degraded by two distinct noises at various signal-to-noise ratios in nonhuman primates. In the process, we uncovered heterogeneity of single-unit representations for different auditory scenes yet homogeneity of responses across the population.
Assessment of adaptive functioning in huntington's disease

The Huntington's Disease Activities of Daily Living (HD–ADL) scale is a 17‐item informant‐completed instrument for rating adaptive functioning in Huntington's disease (HD) patients. To assess the reliability and clinical correlates of the HD–ADL, it was administered along with the Mini‐Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Quantified Neurological Exam (QNE) to 93 HD patients. The HD‐ADL has high internal consistency (coefficient alpha = 0.91). Principal components factor analysis of the HD‐ADL revealed four factors (General Functioning, Domestic Activities, Home Upkeep, and Family Relationships) accounting for 72% of the total variance. MMSE score, motor impairment score, and duration of disease were the best predictors of HD‐ADL score. Similar results were obtained in an independent replication sample of patients. The HD‐ADL scores correlate with Shoulson and Fahn's total functional capacity (TFC) index (r = −0.89). The HD‐ADL scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing adaptive function in HD patients.
Left-Handedness based Bandpass Filter Design for RFID UHF-Band applications

This paper presents the design of a size-reduced bandpass filter working in the UHF band. To minimize the overall size of the component, the concept of Left-Handedness is adopted and combined with Right-handed lines for using the resonators a lot less than a quarter-wavelength. In addition to the basic metamaterial theory, the inverters are included and implemented. This design method is validated by the physical realization as well as rigorous simulations.
Endocytosis by lymphocytes of complexes of anti-Ig with membrane-bound Ig.

Spleen lymphocytes that were incubated at low temperatures with fluorescent or 125I-labeled anti-Ig showed Ig molecules throughout the membrane as evidenced by immunofluorescence or electron microscopic autoradiographs. Incubation of these lymphocytes at 37°C resulted in the rapid endocytosis of the membrane anti-Ig-Ig complex.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA PRESENÇA SOCIAL EM CURSO A DISTÂNCIA DE CAPACITAÇÃO DOCENTE PARA EAD

Este artigo visa pesquisar caracteristicas da presenca social em um curso de capacitacao docente, na modalidade a distância. Quatro instâncias de avaliacao foram realizadas, por pesquisa online, ao final da primeira etapa do curso: atuacao pessoal, conteudos, experiencias de aprendizagem e aprendizagem em rede. Objetivou-se com o resultado que alem de poder reconhecer as caracteristicas da presenca social no processo estabelecido, tambem foi permitido observar que os estudantes da capacitacao docente avaliaram positivamente a experiencia de se apresentar no processo partindo do papel discente. Como referencia para realizar desta analise, foi utilizada a Matriz Padrao de escala da presenca social, desenvolvida por Kim (2011). Conclui-se que a presenca social e um fator importante para entender a percepcao do aluno sobre a sua aprendizagem e satisfacao com o Curso, nesta modalidade de ensino, sendo um norteador de novas acoes no planejamento da disciplina ou do Curso.
A Novel 2-Oxoacid-Dependent Dioxygenase Involved in the Formation of the Goiterogenic 2-Hydroxybut-3-enyl Glucosinolate and Generalist Insect Resistance in Arabidopsis[C][W][OA]

Glucosinolates are secondary metabolites found almost exclusively in the order Brassicales. They are synthesized from a variety of amino acids and can have numerous side chain modifications that control biological function. We investigated the biosynthesis of 2-hydroxybut-3-enyl glucosinolate, which has biological activities including toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans, inhibition of seed germination, induction of goiter disease in mammals, and production of bitter flavors in Brassica vegetable crops. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions contain three different patterns of 2-hydroxybut-3-enyl glucosinolate accumulation (present in leaves and seeds, seeds only, or absent) corresponding to three different alleles at a single locus, GSL-OH. Fine-scale mapping of the GSL-OH locus identified a 2-oxoacid-dependent dioxygenase encoded by At2g25450 required for the formation of both 2R- and 2S-2-hydroxybut-3-enyl glucosinolate from the precursor 3-butenyl glucosinolate precursor. Naturally occurring null mutations and T-DNA insertional mutations in At2g25450 exhibit a complete absence of 2-hydroxybut-3-enyl glucosinolate accumulation. Analysis of herbivory by the generalist lepidopteran Trichoplusia ni showed that production of 2-hydroxybut-3-enyl glucosinolate provides increased resistance. These results show that At2g25450 is necessary for the hydroxylation of but-3-enyl glucosinolate to 2-hydroxybut-3-enyl glucosinolate in planta and that this metabolite increases resistance to generalist herbivory.
Skew cyclic displacements and decompositions of inverse matrix for an innovative structure matrix

In this paper, we study mainly on a class of column upper-minus-lower (CUML) Toeplitz matrices without standard Toeplitz structure, which are “ similar” to the Toeplitz matrices. Their (−1,−1)-cyclic displacements coincide with cyclic displacement of some standard Toeplitz matrices. We obtain the formula on representation for the inverses of CUML Toeplitz matrices in the form of sums of products of (−1, 1)-circulants and (1,−1)-circulants factor by constructing the corresponding displacement of the matrices. In addition, based on the relation between CUML Toeplitz matrices and CUML Hankel matrices, the inverse formula of CUML Hankel matrices can also be obtained. c ©2017 All rights reserved.
The cost of cryptography: Is low budget possible?

Ambient intelligence, the future internet, smart dust, all lead to the immersion of electronics in the human environment. E-health applications are one example: patients will carry intelligent sensors and actuators which are wireless connected to monitoring devices and health professionals. All these applications carry heavy security and privacy risks. Strong authentication is needed such that the correct medical doses can be administered or that the settings of brain stimulants cannot be modified. On top, these devices have typically an extremely limited power, energy and area budget. So, the question is: can we provide secure implementations of cryptographic algorithms for these next generation applications? Cost can be expressed in memory footprint or gate count, number of clock cycles or time budget, power and energy budgets. On top, making implementations secure against physical attacks has an extra cost. In this presentation, we will discuss the implementation cost of several cryptographic algorithms, including public key, secret key and hash examples. We will indicate future directions in this field.
Explosive outbursts in children with Tourette's disorder.

OBJECTIVE Sudden, explosive outbursts of behavior occur in some children with Tourette's disorder (TD). The etiology of these symptoms is unknown. This study investigated the relationship between explosive outbursts, TD, and its comorbid disorders. METHOD Tic type and severity and the presence of specific comorbid disorders were compared in 37 children with TD and explosive outbursts and 31 children with TD who did not have such symptoms. RESULTS Children with TD and explosive outbursts were more likely to demonstrate significant comorbid conditions, particularly attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. Tic type and severity did not appear related to the presence of explosive outbursts. A highly significant relationship was demonstrated between the number of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and explosive outbursts. CONCLUSIONS Explosive outbursts in children with TD resemble intermittent explosive disorder and may reflect dysregulation of diverse domains of brain function. The presence of such symptoms should alert the clinician to underlying comorbid conditions.