Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphor concentration in silicone and its effect on the mechanical and interfacial properties of phosphor-filled silicone

The phenomenon that phosphor particles tend to settle in silicone is widely known. Recent researchers have discussed the effects of phosphor concentration on luminous efficacy of LED packaging. But to produce reliable products, mechanical and interfacial considerations are also essential. In this paper, the mechanical behaviors and interfacial strength of silicone with different levels of phosphor concentration are studied. In our experiments, four groups of silicone samples with different levels of phosphor concentration are prepared and are subjected to the uniaxial tensile loads. The results of tensile tests indicate that, for the same level of phosphor addition, higher phosphor concentration will result in lower tensile strength of the phosphor-filled silicone. SEM cross-section images show that the phosphor particles concentrate in the bottom area of the silicone layer. The fractograph of the material indicates that the crack initiates among the bottom area where phosphor particles settle. Interfacial tests of phosphor-filled silicone and GaN substrate are also conducted. The results demonstrate that phosphor concentration has negative effect on interfacial strength of materials. Therefore, for LED package, uniformly distributed phosphor in silicone is extremely demanded for mechanical and interfacial considerations.
Mathematical Model for Antibiotic Effectiveness

It is known that in any given population of bacteria, a certain percentage can be resistant to one antibiotic or another. Bacterial resistance carried on a plasmid can be transferred from parent to offspring (vertical transfer), as well as from a resistant cell to a non-resistant cell (horizontal transfer). As a result, an antibiotic becomes less effective over time when it is used more often because the percentage of antibiotic resistance increases in the bacterial population being fought. This is often seen in hospitals, where patients’ immune systems are weakened and the usage of antibiotics is higher than normal. A mathematical model is presented that can be used to minimize the rate of horizontal transfer while also minimizing the amount of time that the infected person is sick. Different “patient types” are examined. Shown in the study is how the horizontal transfer rate increases as the patient’s immune system and/or drug efficiency decrease. ABSTRACT
Improving the GPU performance prediction models to design space exploration

Recently, GPUs have also been used plenty in the scientific calculations for high-performance in parallel computing power and low energy consumption. Offering GPU performance prediction models base on Micro-architecture parameters to optimal design in the hardware process of the GPU, has been the subject of prior works. In this article, we defined design space NVIDIA Fermi GPU bigger than the prior similar work and with a 264 minimum size point, and we made performance prediction models by sampling only 45,000 design points from that, and then we offer an efficient search algorithm that carefully explore the design space by helping the performance models. Finally, we compare the our models with models of previous work by the help of this algorithm, and find out, that ,making models by more parameters and levels of values, help to more carefully explore in design space. Also, by analysis the models and results, we analyze the program estimator behavior with respect to micro-architecture parameters. KeywordsDesign Space Exploration, GPU, Microarchitecture, Performance prediction models
Spreading depression in rabbit, cat and monkey.

Rabbits, cats and monkeys show species difference in the consistency and frequency with which spreading depression (SD) can be elicited during the first hours after exposure of the cortex. In the rabbit SD can be produced consistently at 6–10-minute intervals. In most of the preparations of the cat it is also possible to produce a series of SDs when using a longer interval (15–20 min.) between stimulations. Only rarely is it possible to obtain in the monkey a series of SDs even when long intervals are interjected between stimuli. However, the majority of preparations responded at least once with a SD. It has been possible to lead off SD in rabbits and cats with extradural electrodes implanted in the skull 5–7 days earlier. These electrodes were in most instances flush with the dural surface of the skull, resting on the undamaged dura. In the rabbit photo-Metrazol stimulation can produce SD which also has been recorded with the implanted electrodes. Since there is no reason to believe that the cortex in th.
Cardionomics: a new integrative approach for screening cardiotoxicity of drug candidates

Background: Despite the FDA guidelines for studies to be performed to rule out potential cardiac toxicity, many drugs have nevertheless entered the market only to be later withdrawn from the market owing to cardiac toxicity. Cardiac toxicity may result from drugs causing impaired function or death of cardiomyocytes, valvular damage, myocardial ischemia and/or ventricular arrhythmias. Negative cardiovascular events have been implicated in 28% of drug withdrawals in the USA. The significance for patients, regulators and the pharmaceutical industry is immense. Objective: We address whether a more rigorous and integrative approach is needed for cardiovascular safety screening of all new drug candidates. Furthermore, we will present a cardionomics approach that looks at several in vitro and in vivo models that can be applied to all drugs independent of category, therapeutic area or class. Methods: We present examples of drugs demonstrating cardiac toxicity and provide an in-depth review of how calcium homeostasis may be a unifying theme in clinically observed cardiotoxic events. We introduce a cardionomics approach that detects clinical cardiac toxicity early in the drug discovery process, thus, preventing costly late attrition. Conclusion: The consequences of a failure to detect potential cardiovascular safety issues before clinical launch can have an enormous cost for the pharmaceutical industry, when major drugs are withdrawn due to lawsuits as well as loss of time and resources. An integrated cardionomics approach may reduce the risk of drug withdrawals as a result of unexpected clinical cardiac safety issues.
Structure-based Functional Annotation

Despite the generation of a large amount of sequence information over the last decade, more than 40% of well characterized enzymatic functions still lack associated protein sequences. Assigning protein sequences to documented biochemical functions is an interesting challenge. We illustrate here that structural genomics may be a reasonable approach in addressing these questions. We present the crystal structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae YMR099cp, a protein of unknown function. YMR099cp adopts the same fold as galactose mutarotase and shares the same catalytic machinery necessary for the interconversion of the α and β anomers of galactose. The structure revealed the presence in the active site of a sulfate ion attached by an arginine clamp made by the side chain from two strictly conserved arginine residues. This sulfate is ideally positioned to mimic the phosphate group of hexose 6-phosphate. We have subsequently successfully demonstrated that YMR099cp is a hexose-6-phosphate mutarotase with broad substrate specificity. We solved high resolution structures of some substrate enzyme complexes, further confirming our functional hypothesis. The metabolic role of a hexose-6-phosphate mutarotase is discussed. This work illustrates that structural information has been crucial to assign YMR099cp to the orphan EC activity: hexose-phosphate mutarotase.
A Balanced Approach to IT Transformation

The continuous improvement strategies necessary in today's climate of random change mandate that IT organizations transform the way they relate to other business units, deploy new technology, and organize and develop their people. Crafting an individualized transformation program that balances efforts in each of these areas will help IT managers add value to the bottom line while achieving real gains in customer service and productivity.
Maize LAZY1 Mediates Shoot Gravitropism and Inflorescence Development through Regulating Auxin Transport, Auxin Signaling, and Light Response1[C][W]

Map-based cloning of a maize prostrate-growth mutant links gravitropism with inflorescence development through auxin transport, auxin signaling, and response to light. Auxin is a plant hormone that plays key roles in both shoot gravitropism and inflorescence development. However, these two processes appear to be parallel and to be regulated by distinct players. Here, we report that the maize (Zea mays) prostrate stem1 mutant, which is allelic to the classic mutant lazy plant1 (la1), displays prostrate growth with reduced shoot gravitropism and defective inflorescence development. Map-based cloning identified maize ZmLA1 as the functional ortholog of LAZY1 in rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). It has a unique role in inflorescence development and displays enriched expression in reproductive organs such as tassels and ears. Transcription of ZmLA1 responds to auxin and is repressed by light. Furthermore, ZmLA1 physically interacts with a putative auxin transport regulator in the plasma membrane and a putative auxin signaling protein in the nucleus. RNA-SEQ data showed that dozens of auxin transport, auxin response, and light signaling genes were differentially expressed in la1 mutant stems. Therefore, ZmLA1 might mediate the cross talk between shoot gravitropism and inflorescence development by regulating auxin transport, auxin signaling, and probably light response in maize.
INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON NON‐LITERAL LANGUAGE

Non-literal language is also known as figurative language, or tropical language, and includes those devices (or tropes) whose meaning cannot be obtained by direct composition of their constituent words: idiom, metaphor, metonymy, simile, hyperbole, irony, sarcasm, indirect speech acts and implicature, among others. Non-literal language has historically been given scant attention as a research topic in the field of natural language processing (NLP), yet paradoxically, the ubiquity of nonliteral language is also cited as a major stumbling block to truly effective NLP. However, in recent years a community of researchers studying these phenomena has been growing and organizing. This growth led to a successful workshop on computational approaches to non-literal language held at the 12th IJCAI in Sydney, Australia in August 1992 (Fass et a f . 1991). This special issue grew out of that workshop and contains articles by some of the workshop participants plus others.
Impella 5.0 microaxial pump as a right ventricular assist device after surgical treatment of posterior post-infarction ventricular septal defect

The Impella Recover LP 5.0® is an aortic transvalvular microaxial pump designed to unload the left ventricle and to ensure a systemic flow in severe left ventricular dysfunction. We propose a new suggestion for the Impella 5.0 as a temporary right ventricular assist device after the surgical treatment of a posterior post-infarction ventricular septal defect.
Visibility of Ink Dots as Related to Dot Size and Visual Density

The light cyan and light magenta inks are used in some six­ ink inkjet systems to reduce the ink dot visibility and render smooth tones in the highlight image areas. In highlights, it is believed that the drop size and visual density are the two most important design parameters affecting the ink dot visibility. To quantify this functional relationship, a psychophysical experiment was carried out to measure the threshold viewing distance as a function of the visual density for uniform light cyan patches halftoned to about 7% coverage and printed with dots having diameter of around 460, 68, and 54 microns, respectively. 1, 2 By following the work of Parker and his coworkers, a metric (CJ), namely the standard deviation of the perceived lightness divided by the mean perceived lightness, is used to predict the dot visibility of a halftoned pattern of low­ density uniform field. To compute the perceived color appearance attributes of the halftone image, the color visual difference predictor (CVDP) developed previously for the continuous-tone images is employed here. The predicted values of the threshold viewing distance for dot visibility with CJ = 0.0021 is found to agree reasonably well with the measurements. The results show that the parameter CJ is a proper metric for the dot visibility prediction. The model predicted results of the threshold viewing distance as a function of the dot size and its visual density should provide valuable guidance to inkjet system designers in selecting the proper settings for the drop size and ink density.
0.18-μm Light-Harvesting Battery-Assisted Charger–Supply CMOS System

Wireless microsensors in hospitals, factories, and farms can manage and save lives and resources. Although tiny batteries cannot sustain them for long, harvesters can because ambient energy is abundant. Photovoltaic cells are popular in this regard because they output close to 100× more power from solar light than piezoelectric, electrostatic, and thermoelectric generators can from motion and heat. However, since mm cells can only supply μW's of the mW's that microsystems can draw, and light is not always available, battery assistance is necessary. So to supply functions and sustain operation across extended periods, the system should extract maximum ambient power, draw minimal battery assistance, and deliver as much power as possible. The 0.18-μm CMOS harvester presented here does this, draws 10-100 μW from a 3 × 3 × 1 mm3 cell and assistance from a battery to supply a 1-mW load and recharge the battery with excess cell power. The switched-inductor charger supply regulates 1 V within ±25 mV with 73-86% power-conversion efficiency and keeps the cell within 1% of its maximum power point. This way, the cell outputs 100 μW/mm2 from solar light and 1 μW/mm2 from direct indoor light.
Effect of sulfur-containing compounds on anaerobic degradation of cellulose to methane by mixed cultures obtained from sewage sludge

Tests were made to determine the effects of inorganic and organic sulfur sources on the degradation of cellulose to methane in a chemically defined medium with sulfur-poor inoculum prepared from sewage sludge. The results show that a sulfur source of about a 0.85 mM concentration is essential for the degradation of cellulose to CH4. However, the production of CH4 from CO2 and H2 provided in the headspace occurred with 0.1 mM sulfate or sulfide. At a 9 mM concentration, all inorganic sulfur compounds other than sulfate inhibited both cellulose degradation and methane formation, and this inhibition increased in the order thiosulfate less than sulfite less than sulfide less than H2S. It appears that the degradation of cellulose to CH4 in a sulfate-free medium by inoculum maintained in a low-sulfur medium is inhibited because of the lack of availability of sulfur for growth of bacteria and synthesis of cell materials and sulfur-containing cofactors involved in cellulose degradation and methanogenesis. The reduction of methanogenesis by higher levels of sulfate probably occurs as a result of stimulation of reactions converting acetate and H2 to end products other than CH4.
Layout printability optimization using a silicon simulation methodology

The manufacturing complexity at the 90 nm and 65 nm technology nodes severely impacts the design. The traditional use of design rule based verification is no longer a guarantee of high yield once the chip has been manufactured. This paper describes many of the trends behind this phenomenon. A new approach to layout that moves from an abstraction approach to a modeling approach is proposed. In this new methodology, layouts are processed using resolution enhancement techniques and the results are simulated using lithographical models for a specific manufacturing process. The simulation results are used to identify critical regions in the layouts. The layouts are then optimized based on this analysis to improve their printability, manufacturability and yield.
Learning Analytics with Excel in a Blended Learning Course

Παρουσιάζeται μια μeλέτη στη χρήση των πόρων του Moodle και την προσοχή από τους συμμeτέχοντeς σe αυτούς τους πόρους κατά τη διάρκeια του μαθήματος. Eπίσης γίνeται eκμeτάλλeυση αυτής της eυκαιρίας ώστe να καταγραφeί αυτή η προσοχή. Έχουν χρησιμοποιηθeί οι συγκeντρωτικοί πίνακeς ως eργαλeίο στο Microsoft Excel έτσι ώστe να παραχθούν και να απeικονιστούν γραφικά τα αποτeλέσματα. Τα πeδία που eπeξeργάζονται eίναι τα: Quizzes , Assignments και Forums κατά τη διάρκeια eνός μαθήματος μικτής μάθησης διάρκeιας eνός κύκλου, μe αντικeίμeνο το προγραμματισμό σe Scratch. Τα δeδομένα έχουν eξαχθeί από τα log files της βάσης δeδομένων του Moodle. Η απόδοση των συμμeτeχόντων παριστάνeται και η συμμeτοχή τους στους πόρους απeικονίζeται γραφικά. Eπίσης αναλύeται ποιοι πόροι από τους παραπάνω προσπeλαύνονται ταυτόχρονα. Τα αποτeλέσματα μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για την πρόβλeψη της απόδοσης των συμμeτeχόντων και για μια καλύτeρη οργάνωση του μαθήματος και του eκπαιδeυτικού υλικού. Οι διδάσκοντeς μπορούν να παρeμβαίνουν αποτeλeσματικά κατά τη διάρκeια της μαθησιακής διαδικασίας. Το μάθημα απeυθύνeται σe καθηγητές στην πρωτοβάθμια και στην δeυτeροβάθμια eκπαίδeυση.
Endosomal Recycling of the Na+/H+Exchanger NHE3 Isoform Is Regulated by the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway*

The NHE3 isoform of the Na+/H+ exchanger localizes to both the plasmalemmal and endosomal compartments in polarized epithelial and transfected Chinese hamster ovary (AP-1) cells. It is unclear how the distribution of NHE3 between these compartments is regulated. In this study, we examined the potential involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3-K) in regulating the activity and distribution of NHE3, as this lipid kinase has been implicated in modulating vesicular traffic in the endosomal recycling pathway. Wortmannin and LY294002, both potent inhibitors of PI3-K, markedly inhibited NHE3-mediated H+ extrusion across the plasma membrane in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The subcellular distribution of the antiporters was monitored by transfecting epitope-tagged NHE3 into AP-1 cells. In parallel with the inhibition of transport, PI3-K antagonists induced a pronounced loss of NHE3 from the cell surface and its accumulation in an intracellular compartment, as assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Further analysis using cells transfected with antiporters bearing an external epitope tag revealed that the redistribution reflected primarily a decrease in the rate of recycling of intracellular NHE3 to the cell surface. The wortmannin-induced inhibition and redistribution of NHE3 were prevented when cells were incubated at 4 °C, consistent with the known temperature dependence of the endocytic process. These observations demonstrate that NHE3 activity is controlled by dynamic endocytic and recycling events that are modulated by PI3-K.
ToMMI - A Software Library for Multiplatform Tangible Mobile Interaction

In this paper we present ToMMI (TOkens for Multiplatform tangible Mobile Interaction), a software library capable of supporting both tangible and multi-touch interaction on mobile devices. ToMMI exploits 3D printed tokens that can be recognized and tracked on devices equipped with commercial capacitive displays. Results shows that the computational core of ToMMI is lightweight and can extract token information in less than a millisecond. Furthermore, the library has an intuitive interface, which facilitates its use, and it is based on a portable framework that guarantees the deployment of any application based on it on a plethora of different smartphones and tablets. We also report that ToMMI code is available, open source, for the research
Investigating the use of syllable acoustic units for amharic speech recognition

This study investigated the possibility of developing a large vocabulary continuous speech recognizer (LVCSR) for Amharic using the different syllable types V, CV, VC, CVC, VCC and CVCC found in the language as acoustic units. Syllables as longer length acoustic units are able to embed the spectral and temporal dependencies found in speech and thus able to model it well. The recognizer was developed using the Hidden Markov Model as a modeling technique. The result of the experiments shows that syllables are promising units for Amharic LVCSR provided that enough training data is available.
Psychoactive substance use, family context and mental health among Brazilian adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012).

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between the consumption of psychoactive substances (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs) and demographic variables, mental health and family context among school-aged children. METHODS The National Adolescent School-based Health Survey was held with a national sample of 109,104 students. Data regarding demographic variables, family background and mental health were collected. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations of interest. RESULTS Multivariate analyses showed that alcohol consumption was higher among girls, drug experimentation was more frequent among boys and that there was no difference between sexes for smoking. Being younger and mulatto were negatively associated with the use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs. Also negatively associated with such risk behaviors were characteristics of the family context represented by: living with parents, having meals together and parental supervision (when parents know what the child does in their free time). Moreover, characteristics of mental health such as loneliness and insomnia were positively associated with use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs. Not having friends was positively associated with use of tobacco and illicit drugs and negatively associated with alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS The study shows the protective effect of family supervision in the use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs and, on the contrary, the increasing use of substances according to aspects of mental health, such as loneliness, insomnia and the fact of not having friends. The study's findings may support actions from health and education professionals, as well as from the government and families in order to prevent the use of these substances by adolescents.
Aggression Among Psychiatric Inpatients

BACKGROUND: The rate of aggressive acts perpetrated by psychiatric inpatients remains a pressing issue. To date, few studies have distinguished between incident severities. OBJECTIVE: The aims of the current study were to identify rates of inpatient aggression in an inpatient forensic psychiatric facility and describe the severity of the aggression reported for aggressive incidents. DESIGN: All documented acts of aggression at a 1,500-bed forensic hospital between 2009 and 2013 provided data about the time, location, and victims of aggressive acts. In total, 52,109 unique incidents were analyzed. RESULTS: The findings showed an increase in violence rates during meal, medication, and shift change times. Patients (n = 3,436, 62%) were victimized more often than staff members (n = 2,103, 38%). Fall and winter months showed more acts of aggression than summer and spring, but there were no mean differences between severity ratings by season. The results showed that the swing shift saw more severe aggressive incidents than the morning or overnight shifts, p = . 001, and significantly more serious incidents occurred when there were staff members working over time, p = . 050. CONCLUSIONS: The current study reports some key findings about aggression rates with a very large sample and presents some valuable data regarding the severity of aggressive acts.