Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mesoscale contribution to the long-range offshore transport of organic carbon from the Canary Upwelling System to the open North Atlantic

Abstract. Several studies in upwelling regions have suggested that mesoscale structures, such as eddies and filaments, contribute substantially to the long-range transport of the organic carbon from the nearshore region of production to the offshore region of remineralization. Yet a comprehensive analysis of this mesoscale flux and of its impact across the Canary Upwelling System (CanUS) has not been provided. Here, we fill this gap using simulations with the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) coupled to a Nutrient, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Detritus (NPZD) ecosystem model. We run climatological simulations on an Atlantic telescopic grid with an eddy-resolving resolution in the CanUS. Using both a Reynolds flux decomposition and structure-identification algorithms, we quantify and characterize the organic carbon fluxes driven by filaments and eddies within the upper 100 m and put them in relationship to the total offshore transport. Our analysis reveals that both coastal filaments and eddies enhance the offshore flux of organic carbon, but that their contribution is very different. Upwelling filaments, with their high speeds and high concentrations, transport the organic carbon offshore in a very intense, but coastally confined manner, contributing nearly 80 % to the total flux of organic carbon at 100 km offshore. The filament contribution tapers off quickly to near zero values at 1000 km off the coast, leading to a strong offshore flux divergence that is the main lateral source of organic carbon in the coastal waters up to 1000 km offshore. Some of this divergence is also due to the filaments inducing a substantial vertical subduction of the organic carbon below 100 m. Owing to the temporal persistence and spatial recurrence of filaments, the filament transport largely constitutes a time-mean flux, while the time-varying component, i.e., the turbulent flux, is comparatively small. At distances beyond 500 km from the coast, eddies dominate the mesoscale offshore transport. Although their contribution represents only 20 % of the total offshore flux and its divergence, eddies, especially cyclones, transport organic carbon offshore to distances as great as 2000 km from the coast. The eddy transport largely represents a turbulent flux, but striations in this transport highlight the existence of typical formation spots and recurrent offshore propagation pathways. While they propagate slowly, eddies are an important organic carbon reservoir for the open waters, as they contain, on average, a third of the organic carbon in this region, two thirds of which is found in cyclones. Our analysis confirms the importance of mesoscale processes for the offshore organic carbon transport and the fueling of the heterotrophic activity in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, and highlights the need to consider the mesoscale flux in order to fully resolve the three-dimensionality of the marine organic carbon cycle.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPANIES WITH A HIGHER RISK OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD: FIVE CASE STUDIES

Various characteristics can be observed in the financials and the behaviour of companies engaging in accounting irregularities. This article explores the usefulness of such characteristics by analysing the financial statements of five companies accused of alleged accounting irregularities. The analysis involves quantitative and qualitative analyses for each of the companies, compared to a relevant control sample. The quantitative study consisted of financial statement analyses. The qualitative study involved an analysis of the narrative reports that form part of the published annual report. Nine of the characteristics initially identified were not reliable indicators of accounting irregularities. However, the nine remaining characteristics were positive indicators for the detection of accounting irregularities. Eight additional characteristics, not initially identified, were noted as potential indicators of accounting irregularities.
Modelling & Computations Vol . 02 , No . 01 , 2012 , 1-19 Dual Boundary Element Analysis of Cracked Plates

The dual boundary element method is formulated for the analysis of linear elastic cracked plates. The dual boundary integral equations of the method are the displacement and the traction equations. When these equations are simultaneously applied along the crack boundaries, general crack problems can be solved in a single-region formulation, with both crack boundaries discretized with discontinuous boundary elements. The stress intensity factors evaluation is carried out by the J-integral decomposition method which is applied on a circular path, defined around each crack tip. Examples of geometries with edge, and embedded cracks are analyzed. The accuracy and efficiency of the dual boundary element method and the J-integral make the present formulation ideal for the study of cracked plates.
Challenges Facing a Complementary-systems Approach to Abstract and Episodic Speech Perception

It has been nearly a decade since the publication of Goldinger’s [4] Psych. Review paper in which he presented his episodic theory of lexical access. Moreover, Goldinger’s (and others’) empirical work [3, 14] providing evidence for episodic representations predates the formal presentation of his episodic theory. This is an appropriate time to note how the field has progressed in the past decade with respect to the debate over the nature of lexical representations. As evidenced by the two main papers, the emphasis is no longer on whether there are abstract and/or episodic representations. Instead, the focus is now on the ideal framework that can account for their coexistence. Goldinger’s presentation of a complementary systems (hereafter CS) approach offers a glimpse into the direction that many future investigations of lexical representation may be headed. I discuss some of the challenges facing a CS approach in an effort to stimulate further discussion, and to help provide an impetus for future empirical, theoretical, and modeling studies.
Construction of research articles in the leading interdisciplinary accounting journals

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the construction of articles published in three highly ranked interdisciplinary accounting journals. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on articles published during 2010 in Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal (AAAJ), Accounting, Organizations and Society (AOS) and Critical Perspectives on Accounting (CPA). The authors develop a framework and examine characteristics of the published articles, including the prose. Findings – Based on the construction of accounting academic articles in the highly ranked interdisciplinary journals, the authors introduce a simplified concept of the five distinct major parts of an article, make some taken-for-granted aspects of article construction explicit and conclude that alternatives, if used effectively, can add to the quality of an article. Finally, there is a discussion of, and a reflection on, how the taken-for-granted rules of academic publishing can be challenged. Research limitations/implica.
Correlated Evolution of Leaf Shape and Physiology in the Woody Sonchus Alliance (Asteraceae: Sonchinae) in Macaronesia

The Sonchus alliance represents an oceanic island radiation that includes six genera and 31 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees occurring in diverse habitats ranging from cool, upland cloud forests to hot, dry, exposed cliff faces and coastal deserts. To investigate the role of photosynthetic adaptations during radiation into diverse habitats, we measured leaf morphological and physiological traits and relationships among 15 representative species of the woody Sonchus alliance grown under uniform conditions. Correlated evolution was observed between photosynthesis per mass with leaf size and specific leaf area and between photosynthesis per area with dark respiration per area and stomatal conductance. In general, species from exposed habitats exhibited smaller, more dissected leaves with greater photosynthetic rates compared with those of species native to relatively shaded pine and laurel cloud forest. We also observed that sister taxa in contrasting habitats can develop substantially divergent leaf forms in relatively short evolutionary time. The data serve as a striking example of the role of photosynthetic adaptation in exploiting habitats with contrasting light regimes during rapid evolutionary radiation on isolated oceanic islands.
Nonlinear Ionic Excitations, Dynamic Bound States, and Nonlinear Currents in a One‐dimensional Plasma

We study the role of nonlinear effects in a classical one‐dimensional model of a conducting electron–ion system. In particular we investigate the excitations of strongly nonlinear deformed phonons (cnoidal waves, solitons) on electric currents. We show that in a nonlinear lattice a new type of dynamic bound states of solitons and electrons (“solectrons”) may be formed. In our simulations we use Langevin dynamics with N = 10 ions and periodic boundary conditions. The electron‐ion interaction is modelled by screened Coulomb forces with appropriate cut‐off at small distance; the ion‐ion interaction is approximated by an exponential repulsion. Under the influence of a weak external electrical field, the charged particles and “solectrons” yield a stochastic current in the direction of the field. We study several mechanisms to generate and maintain the “solectrons”. Then we show how the system develops driven ionic solitons moving opposite to the field. Since the extra current driven by the solitons is (nearly) independent on the external field we find a strongly nonlinear current field characteristics corresponding for small fields to a highly conducting state. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Scheduling Jobs with Maintenance Subject to Load-Dependent Duration on a Single Machine

This paper investigates a scheduling problem on a single machine with maintenance, in which the starting time of the maintenance is given in advance but its duration depends on the load of the machine before the maintenance. The goal is to minimize the makespan. We formulate it as an integer programming model and show that it is NP-hard in the ordinary sense. Then, we propose an FPTAS and point out that a special case is polynomial solvable. Finally, we design fast heuristic algorithms to solve the scheduling problem. Numerical experiments are implemented to evaluate the performance of the proposed heuristic algorithms. The results show the proposed heuristic algorithms are effective.
Angiogenesis in breast cancers without lymph node metastasis

Objective: Many studies have been focused on angiogenesis as a possible prognostic factor, recently. In this study, we evaluated microvessel density by CD34 in primary tumors of the patients with lymph node negative breast carcinomas and compared the results with prognostic parameters. Material and Method: 31 patients with invasive breast carcinomas without axillary lymph node metastasis were included in this study. Microvessel density was assessed by CD34 staining in the primary tumor and compared with the tumor type and prognostic parameters such as age, tumor size, nuclear grade, lymphatic vessel invasion, and estrogen and progesteron reseptor status. CD34 staining was evaluated in three areas by x200 magnification. Results: The mean value microvessel density of CD34 staining in the primary tumor was 43 (minimum 19 and maximum 100). There was a significant relationship between microvessel density and progesterone receptor expression. microvessel density was higher in lobular type breast carcinoma. Conclusion: The correlation between progesterone receptor status and microvessel density should be further confirmed by prospective studies. The high microvessel density rate in lobular carcinoma may be attributed to abundance of stromal cells or to the low number of patients.
Aquatic pollution and fish reproduction : a bibliographical review

The present review reveals that most of the extant work on the effect of aquatic pollution on fish reproduction pertain to the changes in percentage gonadal weight and structural changes in the reproductive system in majority of the fishes studied. Effect on hormonal titres and synthesis has been worked out in only few species. From these studies, it is apparent that aquatic pollution retards the reproductive processes in both sexes by impairing the gonadal development, inhibiting the maturation of spermatocytes and oocytes, delaying ovulation, breaking and clumping of yolk material in oocytes and suppressing the synthesis of gonadal steroids via hypothalamo-hypophysial-gonadal axis. Ultrastructural studies are lacking. No fish group, other than teleosts, majority being freshwater, has been attempted so far. Most of the extant work are confined to Channa (Ophiocephalus) punctatus, Heteropneustes fossilis, (Saccobranchus), Sarotherodon (Tilapia) mossambicus, Clarias batrachus and Colisa (Trichogaster) fasciatus.
Analysis and Prediction of Urban Traffic Congestion Based on Big Data

With the rapid development of big data technology, its application has become more and more extensive. The application of big data technology in intelligent transportation systems is the best way to solve traffic congestion in big cities. The paper analyses in detail the main causes of traffic congestion in big cities and the classification and evaluation of traffic congestion. Utilizing the Internet of Things and modern communication technologies, large-scale traffic data and related data based on GPS are acquired, and data analysis is carried out to construct a traffic prediction vehicle prediction model. The forecasting model is used to predict the traffic flow in each direction of traffic intersections at a certain time, predict the possibility of congestion at a certain time at a certain intersection, the traffic flow and congestion probability of a certain section at a certain time, and the travel trajectory and travel habit forecast of pedestrians. At the same time, consider the impact of non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians on traffic congestion. Use forecasting results and real-time traffic information monitoring to solve traffic congestion problems. Combined with traffic control and optimization strategy control for traffic collaborative management, it provides valuable reference for decision-making in metropolitan traffic congestion solutions.
Studies of Particulate System Dynamics in Rotating Drums using Markov Chains

Abstract This work aims to develop an approach to study and capture the collective dynamics of particulate systems, which are important for operation of those processes. The collective dynamics of particles in a horizontal rotating drum are modeled based on a stochastic approach, using the Markov chains operators developed from DEM simulations. Quantitative analysis of the features of collective dynamics, namely dynamic modes of oscillatory behavior and spatial particle distribution of particle movement, are performed based on eigenvalues and singular values analysis of Markov chains operator, respectively. Furthermore, the quantitative measures are shown that it can be linked to the qualitative flow regimes of particulate systems in a horizontal rotating drum.
Comparing the onset of cybersickness using the Oculus Rift and two virtual roller coasters

The uptake of new interface technologies, such as the Oculus Rift, has generated renewed interest in virtual reality. However, the long-standing issue of cybersickness continues to impact on the general use of virtual reality devices, including head mounted displays. This paper contains a discussion of the growing interest, particularly within the gaming and business communities, of virtual reality technologies such as the Oculus Rift. A review of key issues related to cybersickness and their impact on the condition is reported. This includes a discussion of individual, device related and task dependent factors related to cybersickness. We also discuss the underlying theories that are used to explain these conditions and review a number of previous measures, both subjective and objective, that have been used to study cybersickness. We conclude this paper with the outcomes of a preliminary study using the Oculus Rift and comparing two different virtual roller coasters, each with different levels of fidelity. We find that the more realistic roller coaster with higher levels of visual flow has a significantly greater chance of inducing cybersickness. 1
On the medians of gamma distributions and an equation of Ramanujan

For n > 0, let k(n) denote the median of the T(n +1,1) distribution. We prove that n + \ j. We show that the bounds on X(n) imply s log2 < median(Z^) < p. + ±. This proves a conjecture of Chen and Rubin. These inequalities are sharp.
A study to the effect of cobalt-doping on hybrid silica membranes

The focus of this research was to study the effect of cobalt-doping on the structure and performance of hybrid silica membranes made with 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) as precursor. Sols were made with cobalt concentrations between 7 and 28 mol% and varying amounts of nitric acid and measured for particle size and particle size distribution in a dynamic light scattering apparatus. Cobalt concentrations above 16% gave a bimodal particle size distribution, cobalt concentration of 16% and below gave a mono modal size distribution with particles between 7 and 14 nm. Sols with different dilutions were measured for particle size and showed a decrease in measured particle size when de sol was diluted from 0 times to 15 times. When the sols were diluted more than 15 times the distribution became bimodal. XRD experiments were done on 16% and 22% samples calcined at 400°C in a nitrogen environment. No peaks were found, indicating an amorphous structure which suggest that the cobalt was incorporated in the silica matrix or existed in particles with a non crystalline structure. Single gas permeation experiments were done on 16 mol% cobalt concentration membranes of sols that were diluted 6 and 10 times. The gas permeation data of these membrane were compared to a membrane without cobalt doping and turned out to be higher suggesting a more open structure than standard BTESE membranes. Permselectivity turned out to be lower for H2/N2 and H2/CH4 and higher for H2/CO2 for both the six and ten times diluted sols if compared with standard BTESE. From the cobalt-doped membranes only the H2/CH4 permselectivity was close to two times higher for the ten times diluted sol compared to the six times diluted sol indicating that the membrane made of the more diluted sol had less defects.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CREATIVE ACCOUNTING: TWO CONCEPTS STRONGLY CONNECTED? SOME INTERSTING INSIGHTS HIGHLIGHTED BY CONSTRUCTING THE INTERNAL HISTORY OF A LITERATURE

Corporate governance is concerned with the relationships between a business's management and its board of directors, shareholders and lenders and its other stakeholders such as employees, customers, suppliers, and the community in which activates. The connection between this topic and creative accounting was debated in the literature since the latter occurrence is related to the weakness of the first. Our study offers interesting insights into this strong connection by examining the relevant ideas developed previously in the literature with the scope of understanding, reinterpreting and rediscovering from interesting points of view this association in our search for responsibility in the economic environment. By conducting this study we wanted to reinforce the role of literature analyst as an interpreter who contributes meaning to the present state of the art.
Measuring Movement of Incomes

We consider a small set of elementary properties for income movement measures, and show that there is essentially only one measure that satisfies all of these properties: the per capita aggregate change in log-incomes. We demonstrate next that this movement-mobility measure has a number of appealing descriptive and normative properties, and provide a formal generalization of our basic characterization theorem drawing from the related literature on poverty measurement. Finally, we present here an empirical application in which we show by using our new measure that there has been a broad-based increase in income movement in the United States between the 1970s and 1980s. Copyright 1999 by The London School of Economics and Political Science
Rethinking diversity in learning science: The logic of everyday sense‐making

There are many ways to understand the gap in science learning and achievement separating low-income, ethnic minority and linguistic minority children from more economically privileged students. In this article we offer our perspective. First, we discuss in broad strokes how the relationship between everyday and scientific knowledge and ways of knowing has been conceptualized in the field of science education research. We consider two dominant perspectives on this question, one which views the relationship as fundamentally discontinuous and the other which views it as fundamentally continuous. We locate our own work within the latter tradition and propose a framework for understanding the everyday sense-making practices of students from diverse communities as an intellectual resource in science learning and teaching. Two case studies follow in which we elaborate this point of view through analysis of Haitian American and Latino students' talk and activity as they work to understand metamorphosis and experimentation, respectively. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this new conceptualization for research on science learning and teaching. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 529–552, 2001
Handling Innovative People

In innovative environments or departments, where employees must be motivated to pro‐ duce new ideas, products or processes, is critical to consider not only technical skills but soft skills such as communication, leadership, responsibility and teamworking. The result of an innovation team goes beyond the optimum performance that is asked of a standard team, since they usually set ambitious goals that allow to go beyond the cur‐ rent state of the art and this makes the operation of these teams especially delicate. As a result, general considerations about work teams are considered, focusing on the model of Tuckman’s team development sequence and Belbin Theory. Last but no least, a section is dedicated to “what to pay attention to in groups” as a key issue . As a conclusion, the working group can be an effective management tool for companies to solve difficult and complex problems. In the case of innovative profiles, special attention must be paid to the motivations of these people, who are often different from others . The authors have identified all these aspects as key issues to research and they will dedicate the following academic courses to study in detail some specific roles and their implication in successful innovative projects.