Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptación de las exportaciones españolas del aceite de oliva a la demanda mundial

El sector del aceite de oliva tiene una gran relevancia economica y social en determinadas zonas de la geografia espanola, que concentra mas del 60 por 100 de la superficie total mundial dedicada al olivar para el cultivo de aceituna de almazara y en la que se produce el 46,03 por 100 de todo el aceite de oliva del mundo. El sector viene registrando, ademas, una tendencia creciente en su volumen de produccion final, que se justifica tanto por el aumento de superficie dedicada al olivar que se cifra en mas de 1,3 millones de hectareas, como por las mejoras en los rendimientos de las explotaciones, a partir de las nuevas tecnicas introducidas en la produccion de aceituna y obtencion de aceite durante las ultimas decadas (Mili, S., Rodriguez-Zuniga, M. y Sanz, J.; 1997). Para la campana 2010/2011 el Consejo Oleicola Internacional (COI) estima que la produccion espanola de aceite de oliva alcanza 1,4 millones de toneladas, cifrando el consumo nacional para este mismo periodo en 555.400 toneladas. Las diferencias entre produccion y consumo nacional hacen de la exportacion una estrategia clave para las empresas del sector, a fin de evitar que el exceso de oferta provoque una caida del precio y, con ello, de la remuneracion a los recursos empleados por esta actividad agroindustrial, tal y como ha ocurrido en los ultimos meses de 2011, en los que el precio por kilogramo de aceite de oliva en origen se ha situado por debajo de 2 euros. Colocar en los mercados internacionales una parte creciente de la produccion oleicola nacional, en el sentido de Alonso (1994)1, exige que el sector se enfrente a la decision de elegir posibles ADAPTACION DE LAS EXPORTACIONES ESPANOLAS DEL ACEITE DE OLIVA A LA DEMANDA MUNDIAL Encarnacion Moral Pajares* Juan Ramon Lanzas Molina* Pedro Jesus Cuadros Solas*
Management of Childhood Epilepsy

Purpose of Review: This article outlines a diagnostic and management approach to pediatric seizures and epilepsy syndromes, and delineates pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options.Recent Findings: Progress in tracking of seizures, identifying and addressing medication nonadherence, treatment with novel devices, and clinical decision support algorithms will provide additional management options in the future.Summary: The management of pediatric seizures and epilepsies presents multiple challenges to the clinician because of nonepileptic imitators, evolving classification approaches, clinical presentations, limited clinical trial data for medications, and the toxicities of therapies. While certain pediatric seizures and epilepsy syndromes respond best to certain medications, early identification of pharmacologically resistant patients who may be candidates for epilepsy surgery is important. Alternative treatment options may include ketogenic diet or vagus nerve stimulation.
Dysregulated autophagy in the RPE is associated with increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and AMD

Autophagic dysregulation has been suggested in a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To test whether the autophagy pathway plays a critical role to protect retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells against oxidative stress, we exposed ARPE-19 and primary cultured human RPE cells to both acute (3 and 24 h) and chronic (14 d) oxidative stress and monitored autophagy by western blot, PCR, and autophagosome counts in the presence or absence of autophagy modulators. Acute oxidative stress led to a marked increase in autophagy in the RPE, whereas autophagy was reduced under chronic oxidative stress. Upregulation of autophagy by rapamycin decreased oxidative stress-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or by knockdown of ATG7 or BECN1 increased ROS generation, exacerbated oxidative stress-induced reduction of mitochondrial activity, reduced cell viability, and increased lipofuscin. Examination of control human donor specimens and mice demonstrated an age-related increase in autophagosome numbers and expression of autophagy proteins. However, autophagy proteins, autophagosomes, and autophagy flux were significantly reduced in tissue from human donor AMD eyes and 2 animal models of AMD. In conclusion, our data confirm that autophagy plays an important role in protection of the RPE against oxidative stress and lipofuscin accumulation and that impairment of autophagy is likely to exacerbate oxidative stress and contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD.
Small RNA sequencing profiles of mir-181 and mir-221, the most relevant microRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia

Background/Aims To evaluate and select microRNAs relevant to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis, we analyzed differential microRNA expression by quantitative small RNA next-generation sequencing using duplicate marrow samples from individual AML patients. Methods For this study, we obtained paired marrow samples at two different time points (initial diagnosis and first complete remission status) in patients with AML. Bone marrow microRNAs were profiled by next-generation small RNA sequencing. Quantification of microRNA expression was performed by counting aligned reads to microRNA genes. Results Among 38 samples (32 paired samples from 16 AML patients and 6 normal marrow controls), 27 were eligible for sequencing. Small RNA sequencing showed that 12 microRNAs were selectively expressed at higher levels in AML patients than in normal controls. Among these 12 microRNAs, mir-181, mir-221, and mir-3154 were more highly expressed at initial AML diagnosis as compared to first complete remission. Significant correlations were found between higher expression levels of mir-221, mir-146, and mir-155 and higher marrow blast counts. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that mir-221 and mir-181 are selectively enriched in AML marrow and reflect disease activity. mir-3154 is a novel microRNA that is relevant to AML but needs further validation.
[Study on the risk of HIV transmission by heterosexual contact and the correlation factors].

OBJECTIVE To understand the associated factors on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission via heterosexual contact and to provide evidence for decision-maker for prevention of HIV. METHODS Questionnaire survey was conducted in 250 HIV-positive persons to understand their socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behavior. Meanwhile, 431 persons who had heterosexual contact with the HIV carriers were traced to their HIV infection status. The factors associated with continued HIV transmission were reviewed by case-control analysis. RESULTS Among the 432 persons, 59 were HIV-positive because of heterosexual contact. The secondary attack rate and the growth rate was 13.7% (59/431) and 0.236 (59/250), respectively. The factors associated with the spread of HIV included: the degree of knowledge on HIV/AIDS, psychological reflection after infection, the condition for condom usage among spouses, and regular sexual partners or non regular sexual partners. CONCLUSION The secondary attack rate and the growth rate of HIV transmission by heterosexual contact are high. Improvement of the knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention and control, enhancement of psychological education and promotion of condom usage can reduce the risk for continued HIV transmission.
BK channel β1 subunits regulate airway contraction secondary to M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediated depolarization

Non‐technical summary Parasympathetic nerve activation of M3 and M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors initiates and modulates calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to control airway smooth muscle contraction. Here we investigate M2 acetylcholine receptors that also contribute to contraction through depolarization and recruitment of voltage‐dependent calcium channels (VDCCs). We find that the calcium‐ and voltage‐activated potassium channel (BK channel) and its β1 accessory subunit are important proteins that oppose M2‐mediated contraction of airway smooth muscle. BK channels contribute to a negative baseline membrane voltage from which M2‐mediated depolarization only weakly activates VDCCs. The role of BK β1 to oppose M2 signalling is evidenced by a greater than fourfold increase in the contribution of L‐type VDCCs to contraction that otherwise does not occur with M2 receptor antagonist or with β1 containing BK channels. These findings provide a better understanding of how cholinergic second messenger signalling impinges on voltage‐dependent mechanisms and excitation–contraction coupling of smooth muscle.
Immune cells and cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus: an update

Purpose of reviewSystemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by overactive B cells that differentiate into autoantibody-forming cells, aberrant T cell function that provides help to B cells, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This article reviews recent studies unraveling the complex interplay between cytokines and lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Recent findingsIn systemic lupus erythematosus, T cells are characterized by heightened calcium responses early after activation of their surface receptor. Alterations of the T cell receptor/CD3 complex, namely the substitution of the FcϵRγ for the T cell receptor ζ chain, and increased mitochondrial potentials can account for this ‘overexcitable’ phenotype. At the same time, this heightened calcium signal leads to a block of the transcription of the IL-2 gene, a pivotal cytokine for the immune response. The end result is increased spontaneous apoptosis and decreased activation-induced cell death of T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus that in turn leads to enhanced help to B cells and potentially decreased regulatory function. The B cells, on the other hand, are shown to be directly activated by immune complexes by way of Toll-like receptors independently of T cells. Finally, recent studies have tried to elucidate the role of cytokines such as interferon-α in systemic lupus erythematosus and, following the paradigm of rheumatoid arthritis, to establish targets for treatment. SummaryThe increased apoptosis and aberrant T cell activation coupled with nonspecific activation of B cells lead to the production of auto-antigen: auto-antibody complexes that are the hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus. Future treatments aiming at correcting the intracellular and intercellular signaling abnormalities may prove effective in restoring immune tolerance in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Pasteurella multocida Expresses Two Lipopolysaccharide Glycoforms Simultaneously, but Only a Single Form Is Required for Virulence: Identification of Two Acceptor-Specific Heptosyl I Transferases

ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical virulence determinant in Pasteurella multocida and a major antigen responsible for host protective immunity. In other mucosal pathogens, variation in LPS or lipooligosaccharide structure typically occurs in the outer core oligosaccharide regions due to phase variation. P. multocida elaborates a conserved oligosaccharide extension attached to two different, simultaneously expressed inner core structures, one containing a single phosphorylated 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) residue and the other containing two Kdo residues. We demonstrate that two heptosyltransferases, HptA and HptB, add the first heptose molecule to the Kdo1 residue and that each exclusively recognizes different acceptor molecules. HptA is specific for the glycoform containing a single, phosphorylated Kdo residue (glycoform A), while HptB is specific for the glycoform containing two Kdo residues (glycoform B). In addition, KdkA was identified as a Kdo kinase, required for phosphorylation of the first Kdo molecule. Importantly, virulence data obtained from infected chickens showed that while wild-type P. multocida expresses both LPS glycoforms in vivo, bacterial mutants that produced only glycoform B were fully virulent, demonstrating for the first time that expression of a single LPS form is sufficient for P. multocida survival in vivo. We conclude that the ability of P. multocida to elaborate alternative inner core LPS structures is due to the simultaneous expression of two different heptosyltransferases that add the first heptose residue to the nascent LPS molecule and to the expression of both a bifunctional Kdo transferase and a Kdo kinase, which results in the initial assembly of two inner core structures.
Numerical Experiments for Bioclogging in Porous Media

A mathematical model was developed in this study based on the macroscopic approach to describe bioclogging process in saturated porous media. Bacterial attachment and growth along with formation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from substrate has been incorporated into the model. The model was used to simulate column experimental data for permeability change from literature. Numerical experiments were performed to investigate the effect of biomass growth and attachment on the permeability and porosity. In addition, sensitivity analysis was carried out to examine the influences of key model parameters on the model behavior. The predictive model could successfully fit the experimental data. Simulation results illustrated that relative permeability and porosity of porous media can be altered by the biomass growth and attachment on the solid matrix. Results also indicated that EPS may play a significant role in bioclogging in porous media. Sensitivity analyses showed that permeability and porosity profiles were sensitive to parameters such as maximum utilization rate of substrate and yield coefficient. Even though the bioclogging model presented in this study is not comprehensive, it will help understand the change of porous medium properties due to biomass deposition and growth.
Long-term follow-up of severely atrophic edentulous mandibles reconstructed with short Brånemark implants.

BACKGROUND Oral implant treatment (Brånemark System) of edentulous mandibles has been presented in numerous studies. However, with regard to the severely atrophic lower jaw, no long-term follow-up studies with solely short implants are available. PURPOSE The purpose of the present investigation was to retrospectively follow the long-term treatment outcome of patients with severely resorbed edentulous mandibles being subjected to oral implant placement with short (6-7 mm) Brånemark implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 247 standard (7 mm long, Ø 3.75 mm) and 13 wide (6 mm long, Ø 5 mm) implants were inserted in 49 patients, all of whom exhibited severe resorption of edentate mandibles. Fixed implant-supported prostheses were manufactured for 45 patients, whereas 4 patients received overdentures. The patients were followed for a mean period of 8 years (range, 1-14 yr). RESULTS Seventeen implants failed during the study period (cumulative implant survival rate 95.5% at 5-yr and 92.3% at 10-yr follow-up). Implant-supported constructions were worn continuously throughout the investigation by all study subjects. Marginal bone loss, measured after 1, 5, and 10 years of function, concurred with studies of Brånemark implants placed in more voluminous mandibles. No major clinical or construction complications occurred in the followed patients. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of the present study showed that placement of short Brånemark implants without the use of bone grafting procedures for reconstruction of severely atrophic edentulous mandibles is a highly predictable treatment procedure.
Airway responses to capsaicin in guinea pigs: role of NK-1 and NK-2 neurokinin receptors.

The role of NK-1 and NK-2 receptors on the pulmonary response to capsaicin in guinea pigs was evaluated using intravenous infusion of selective nonpeptide antagonists of NK 1 (CP 96345, 300 nmol/kg, and SR 140333, 300 nmol/kg) and NK-2 (SR 48968, 100 nmol/kg) neurokinin receptors. Maximal values of pulmonary dynamic elastance (Edyn) and pulmonary resistance (RL) after capsaicin infusion were significantly lower in the presence of SR 48968 (p < .005). Morphometric analysis of lungs obtained by quick-freezing showed significant attenuation of airway contraction and peribronchiolar edema formation in the presence of NK-2 antagonist (p < .001). When compared to guinea pigs that received only capsaicin, animals that received SR 140333 or CP 96345 showed lower values of Edyn, RL, airway contraction, and peribronchiolar edema, but only the difference in Edyn values was significant. The combination of NK-1 and NK-2 antagonists was not more effective than NK-2 antagonist alone in attenuating capsaicin effects. The results suggest that airway effects of capsaicin are mainly mediated by activation of NK-2 receptors although NK-1 receptors may also play a role.
Effects of Denosumab on Bone Metabolic Markers and Bone Mineral Density in Patients Treated with Glucocorticoids

Objective We performed a prospective study to determine the efficacy and safety of denosumab on bone metabolic indices and bone mineral density (BMD) in 29 patients receiving long-term glucocorticoids (GCs) who had clinical risk factors for fracture. Methods Among these patients, 16 had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 6 RA, 4 other autoimmune diseases, and 3 renal diseases. All patients received donosumab 60 mg at baseline and 6 months. Serum N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) levels were measured as bone metabolic indices. BMD at the lumbar spine (LSBMD) and femoral neck (FNBMD) were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and expressed as a percentage of the young adult mean (%YAM). Results Denosumab therapy significantly reduced serum NTX and BAP levels from baseline after 12 months (from 19.2 to 13.9 nmol BCE/L; from 11.9 to 9.2 U/L, respectively). In 18 patients treated with bisphosphonates before the start of denosumab therapy, the improvements in the LSBMD and FNBMD values were 1.5%YAM/year and 1.1%YAM/year, respectively. The LSBMD and FNBMD values were both significantly higher 12 months after denosumab therapy (3.5%YAM/year and 3.0%YAM/year, respectively). The LSBMD gain was significantly higher after denosumab therapy than during bisphosphonate therapy. No fractures were observed in any patients during denosumab therapy. Conlusion Denosumab is effective and safe in preventing bone resorption and BMD loss in patients treated with long-term GCs for inflammatory diseases. This is the first study showing a significant increase in not only LSBMD but also FNBMD in GC-induced osteoporosis after denosumab therapy.
Analyse numérique du comportement mécanique d'arbres sous sollicitation aérodynamique turbulente

Tempetes et ouragans causent des degâts considerables dans les forets de plantation du globe, entrainant ainsi des pertes economiques severes. La question de la tenue aerodynamique du systeme aerien de l'arbre est centrale pour determiner les risques de ruine lors de tels evenements. Un modele de dynamique non-lineaire des structures base sur la Methode des Elements Finis a ete developpe afin d'evaluer le comportement mecanique de l'arbre soumis a l'ecoulement atmospherique, de nature turbulente en milieu forestier. L'analyse numerique est necessaire pour apprehender toute la variabilite et la complexite de l'architecture aerienne des arbres. Les oscillations libres de trois jeunes Pins maritimes (Pinus Pinaster Ait. ) sont caracterisees experimentalement et par des simulations numeriques. L'influence de la morphologie des sujets est prise en compte. En outre, le modele est applique a un Epicea de Sitka (Picea Sitchensis) sous forcage aerodynamique. Enfin, la methode des plans d'experience est employee pour identifier les facteurs cles affectant la stabilite d'un Pin maritime soumis a un vent simule. Les parametres etudies sont les caracteristiques geometriques et materielles de la structure. Les resultats mettent en evidence l'aptitude du modele a predire les caracteristiques dynamiques d'arbres reels. Ils confirment de plus l'incidence de l'architecture aerienne sur les mouvements de l'arbre induits par le vent.
Content analysis of cancer blog posts.

OBJECTIVES The efficacy of user-defined subject tagging and software-generated subject tagging for describing and organizing cancer blog contents was explored. METHODS The Technorati search engine was used to search the blogosphere for cancer blog postings generated during a two-month period. Postings were mined for relevant subject concepts, and blogger-defined tags and Text Analysis Portal for Research (TAPoR) software-defined tags were generated for each message. Descriptive data were collected, and the blogger-defined tags were compared with software-generated tags. Three standard vocabularies (Opinion Templates, Basic Resource, and Medical Subject Headings [MeSH] Resource) were used to assign subject terms to the blogs, with results compared for efficacy in information retrieval. RESULTS Descriptive data showed that most of the studied cancer blogs (80%) contained fewer than 500 words each. The numbers of blogger-defined tags per posting (M = 4.49 per posting) were significantly smaller than the TAPoR keywords (M = 23.55 per posting). Both blogger-defined subject tags and software-generated subject tags were often overly broad or overly narrow in focus, producing less than effective search results for those seeking to extract information from cancer blogs. CONCLUSIONS Additional exploration into methods for systematically organizing cancer blog postings is necessary if blogs are to become stable and efficacious information resources for cancer patients, friends, families, or providers.
Coordination properties of a metal chelator clioquinol to Zn(2+) studied by static DFT and ab initio molecular dynamics.

Several lines of evidence supporting the role of metal ions in amyloid aggregation, one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), have turned metal ion chelation into a promising therapeutic treatment. The design of efficient chelating ligands requires proper knowledge of the electronic and molecular structure of the complexes formed, including their hydration properties. Among various potential chelators, clioquinol (5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline, CQH) has been evaluated with relative success in in vitro experiments and even in phase 2 clinical trials. Clioquinol interacts with Zn(ii) to lead to a binary metal/ligand 1 : 2 stoichiometric complex in which the phenolic group of CQH is deprotonated, resulting in Zn(CQ)2 neutral complexes, to which additional water molecules may coordinate. In the present work, the coordinative properties of clioquinol in aqueous solution have been analyzed by means of static, minimal cluster based DFT calculations and explicit solvent ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Results from static calculations accounting for solvent effects by means of polarized continuum models suggest that the preferred metal coordination environment is tetrahedral Zn(CQ)2, whereas ab initio molecular dynamics simulations point to quasi degenerate penta Zn(CQ)2(H2O) and hexa Zn(CQ)2(H2O)2 coordinated complexes. The possible reasons for these discrepant results are discussed.