Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends, biases and effectiveness in reported conservation interventions

SUMMARY The journal Conservation Evidence was launched just over ten years ago and here we review the trends and biases in the studies published between 2004 and March 2014; 246 papers describing 439 conservation interventions in 35 countries. The aim of the journal is to provide a format for practitioners to publish the results of their work. This seems to have been achieved as over 70% of the 609 authors were practitioners. As well as publishing the results of successful interventions, the journal encourages authors to report interventions that were unsuccessful and this was the case for almost a third (31%) of all those published. These results provide especially valuable information to practitioners. Studies published in the first few years tended to be carried out in the UK, but this bias has reduced over time, with at least 60% of papers from overseas in recent years. There continues to be a high rate of male authorship, which is likely to be a symptom of wider scale gender imbalances in conservation amongst both academics and practitioners. The majority of papers submitted to and published in
Physical activity: Prescription in health care and relationship to different health measures

Background: Physical inactivity is one of the major modifiable risk factors, contributing to the global burden of disease. Thus, reducing physical inactivity is of importance for global health. Worldwide, different methods designed to improve physical activity (PA) behaviour in patients, have been developed, including physical activity on prescription (PAP) in Sweden. Aim: The overall aim of the present thesis was to analyse the association between self-reported leisure time physical activity level and health measures and to study the efficacy of the Swedish method of physical activity on prescription in terms of long-term effects and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Another aim was to analyse health economy and cost-effectiveness of two different variations of the Swedish PAP-method, offering different degrees of support. The studies included in this thesis offered the opportunity to explore the usability of a single-item question to measure physical activity in different contexts. Method: Three study populations were included in this thesis. The first study included a random sample of 3,588 adults that answered a questionnaire and collected blood samples. The second study included 3,114 individuals in a working population that received two questionnaires regarding life style, work-related factors and psychosocial health two years apart. In the PAP-study 144 patients and 54 reference patients were included. All received four questionnaires concerning PA and HRQL (SF-36). Cost-effectiveness was estimated from SF-6D derived from SF-36. Results: The simple physical activity assessment question showed associations with other cardiovascular risk factors and was associated with stress-related mental illness at follow up. Furthermore, there was significant change in the level of PA following PAP at six and 12 months and HRQL, extending to 24 months. The health economic study supported the more supportive framework in this setting, despite being more costly. Conclusion: The single item question measuring self-reported physical activity level seem to be a valid and feasible tool to assess risk in adults, including working population and patient populations. The efficacy of the Swedish PAP model is further established by the results of the present thesis, showing both long-term effects and cost effectiveness.
Research on Pair Learning Method and Pattern Based on Pair Programming

Pair programming is an agile practice that supports two people working together locally or remotely to complete a programming task. Based on the cooperative learning theory, this paper puts forward the concept of pair learning and explains the method of pair learning from the aspects of pedagogy, psychology and game theory. We use the model that two individuals make up a pair and two pairs make up a large group. Based on the distributed pair system XPairtise, we carry out experiments and analyze the effect of different combination of characters, gender, ability and so on. Keywords—pair learning; cooperative learning; pair learning method
Particulate Matter and Number Concentrations of Particles Larger than 0.25 µm in the Urban Atmosphere of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

We investigated the temporal variation of PM and aerosol particle number concentration (TC, D_p 0.25-32 µm) during year 2012 in Jeddah city. We focused on the daily patterns, wind sector analysis, and the effect of ambient conditions. The daily median values of the PM_(10) rarely exceeded 200 µg/m^3. The PM_(2.5) and PM_1 concentrations showed similar temporal variation with fraction of 39.5% and 19.3% of the PM_(10), respectively. The daily median values of the TC were generally below 500 cm^(-3) but showed three distinguished peaks (as high as 950 cm^(-3)) occurred during late September-early November, which was during the time of the Hajj season. These peaks were also observable in the PM_(2.5) and PM_1. The PM_(10) daily pattern on workdays and Thursdays were similar with a pronounced peak as high as 90 µg/m^3 during the morning time. The PM_(2.5) and PM_1 daily patterns were also similar to those of the PM_(10), especially on Thursdays and workdays, but with lower concentrations. The TC daily pattern was almost the same on all days showing high concentrations (between 150 and 200 cm^(-3)) during the first half of the day. The daily patterns of the TC were similar to those of the PM_1, especially on Workdays and Fridays. The emissions from the industrial city (located in the south of Jeddah) are the main source of PM in Jeddah. During the sea breeze that occurred in the afternoon accompanied low concentrations of PM and TC concentrations. The PM concentrations showed the famous U-shape with respect to the wind speed, whereas the TC was around 150 cm^(-3) when the wind speed was over 3 m/s. In general, the TC had a different behaviour with respect to the other ambient conditions than that of the PM concentrations, especially PM_(10).
Effect of Solvents and Extraction Methods on Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Defatted Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) Seeds

Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) seeds contain bioactive compounds with medicinal properties. This study aimed to determine a suitable solvent and extraction technique for recovery of important compounds, namely, trypsin inhibitors, saponins, and phenolics. The antioxidant capacity and total solids of derived extracts were also measured. Water with conventional extraction method gave the highest value of trypsin inhibitor activity (118.45 ± 4.90 mg trypsin g−1) while water-saturated n-butanol and methanol extracts were characterized by their highest content of saponins (40.75 ± 0.31 and 38.80 ± 2.82 mg AE g−1, respectively). Aqueous extract with microwave assistance achieved the highest phenolics (3.18 ± 0.04 mg GAE g−1). As a measure of antioxidant capacity, the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assay gave highest value to the aqueous microwave extract (23.56 ± 0.82 μmol TE g−1) while the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay gave highest values to water-saturated n-butanol and 70% ethanol extracts (5.25 ± 0.04 and 4.71 ± 0.39 μmol TE g−1, respectively). The total solids value was highest using water with microwave assistance (141.5 g kg−1) while ultrasound treatment did not improve any extractions. Therefore, trypsin inhibitors are suitably recovered using water while water-saturated n-butanol or methanol is for saponins, both using a conventional method. Microwave extraction is suitable for phenolics recovery. These conditions are recommended for an efficient recovery of bioactive compounds from defatted Gac seeds.
The effect of feedback on children’s metacognitive judgments: a heuristic account

ABSTRACT In three experiments, we investigated whether the feedback effect on the accuracy of children’s metacognitive judgments results from an improvement in monitoring processes or the use of the Anchoring-and-Adjustment heuristic. Experiment 1 revealed that adding feedback increased the accuracy of young children’s (aged 4, 6, and 8 years) memory prediction. In Experiment 2, the influence of an external anchor on children’s metacognitive judgment was established. Finally, in Experiment 3, two memory tasks that differed in terms of difficulty were administered. Participants were randomly assigned to an anchoring (high/low/no anchor) and a feedback (feedback/no feedback) condition. Results demonstrated that children in the feedback condition adjusted their predictions toward the feedback, regardless of the task’s difficulty. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that external information provided by feedback is used as an anchor for judgment. This interpretation is strengthened by the correlation found between the two scores computed to assess participants’ susceptibility to anchoring and feedback effects, which indicates that children who are more sensitive to the anchoring effect are also more sensitive to the feedback effect.
An Empirical Study on Customers’ Satisfaction of Third-Party Logistics Services (3PLS)

With the rapid growth of third-party logistics (3PL) in the global logistics industry, it is important to gain further insight into customers' satisfaction of third-party logistics services (3PLS). This study proposes a conceptual model that delineates the determinants of consumers' perceived service quality, as well as the effects of perceived service quality and customer expectation on customers' satisfaction for third-party logistics services (3PLS). To test the model, structural equation modeling is employed to analyze data collected from 152 respondents in Chinese logistics companies. This research provides a theoretical foundation for academics and also practical guidelines for logistics service providers in dealing with third-party logistics service aspects.
Effects of Lead on ATPases in Tissues of Freshwater Fish ( Oreochromis niloticus ) in Differing Calcium Levels

The aim of the present study was to investigate the response of ATPases in tissues of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus following exposure to Pb in differing Ca levels. Fish were exposed to Pb in water containing 15 (conductivity of 161.0±10.7 μS/cm), 30 (conductivity of 242.0±9.50 μS/cm), and 60 (conductivity of 395.2±40.2 μS/cm) mg Ca/L. Experiments were conducted using two Pb exposure protocols, naming acute (48 h, 20 μM Pb) and chronic (14 d, 10 μM Pb). Following the exposures, Na/K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase activities in the gill and intestine, and Ca-ATPase activity in the muscle were measured. In acute exposure, Ca exposures alone caused significant increases in ATPase activities. Combined exposures of Ca and Pb caused significant increases in ATPase activities at the lowest Ca concentration, but almost all ATPase activities significantly decreased at the highest Ca concentration. In chronic exposures, Ca exposures alone caused a few significant alterations in ATPase activities, clear trend being a decrease in Na/K-ATPase activity. In combined exposures, there were only significant increases in ATPase activities at the lowest Ca concentration. Gill Na/K-ATPase was found to be the most sensitive enzyme compared to ATPases in the other tissues. Data emphasized that Ca concentration of water is an important parameter in assessment of acute or chronic metal toxicity, especially when ATPases are concerned and should be taken into account in evaluations of biomarkers in metal contaminated waters.
Epilepsy Treatment and Nutritional Intervention

Epilepsy is the most common chronic brain condition with epileptiform neuronal discharg‐ es, characterized by recurrent unproved seizures with at least two and at least 24 hrs apart. Epileptiform patterns in electroencephalogram (EEG) should confirm the diagnosis. It is the most expensive chronic neurological brain disorder in Europe (Andlin-Sobocki et al. 2005; Majkowski and Majkowska-Zwolińska, 2010). According to the World Health Organisa‐ tion and the World Bank, the costs of epilepsy constitutes 0.5% of all diseases (Leonardi and Ustrun, 2002).
Acetaminophen, the Active Ingredient of Tylenol, Protects against Peroxynitrite-Induced DNA Damage: A Chemiluminometric and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometric Study

This study investigated the hypothesis that acetaminophen at pharmacologically relevant concentrations may act as a protector against peroxynitrite toxicity. Our results showed that acetaminophen inhibited SIN-1 (a peroxynitrite generator)-induced DNA cleavage in a concentration-dependent manner in an in vitro model. With bicarbonate-enhanced luminol-dependent chemiluminometry, we further showed a nearly complete blockage of peroxynitrite-derived chemiluminescence by acetaminophen at 25‒100 µM with minimal effects on SIN-1-mediated oxygen consumption, suggesting acetaminophen as a potent scavenger of peroxynitrite. Electron spin resonance spectrometry in combination with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N -oxide (DMPO)-spin-trapping supported the ability of acetaminophen at high concentrations to diminish the production of a free radical species (likely hydroxyl radical) from SIN-1. Fenton chemistry-based DMPO-spin trapping further demonstrated the hydroxyl radical-scavenging capacity of acetaminophen. Collectively, the results of this study for the first time revealed the potential of acetaminophen to protect against peroxyitrite toxicity, which may have important implications in neuroprotection associated with the use of this popular analgesic and antipyretic drug.
Un printemps arabe ? L’émulation protestataire et ses limites

L’expression « printemps arabe » s’est imposee comme allant de soi pour designer un processus d’emulation protestataire sans precedent dans la region. La metaphore doit beaucoup a la facilite journalistique. Toutefois le questionnement necessaire du « printemps arabe » ne saurait s’en tenir a ce type de considerations. Il se rapporte tout a la fois aux limites de l’emulation protestataire et a celles de notre propre savoir. Nul n’avait prevu la « revolution tunisienne », pas plus que ses repliques en egypte et dans d’autres pays arabes. L’elan protestataire s’est diffuse, sans toutefois emprunter partout les memes formes, ni revetir la meme intensite, ni surtout produire les memes effets. Il ressort de l’ensemble une marge d’indetermination, dont l’elucidation passe par l’examen de trois ordres de problemes, etroitement lies mais analytiquement distincts : les ambiguites du label « revolution », la surprise produite par des evenements tenus apres coup pour ineluctables, les effets de demonstration et de contexte dans le cycle de protestation. Les elements de reponse avances dans l’article se deploient a partir des notions de crise de legitimation comme critere de differenciation parmi les « revolutions arabes », d’ignorance pluraliste au regard de l’opacite des preferences des acteurs en situation autoritaire et enfin d’apprentissage des gouvernants par rapport a leurs modes de prevention et de gestion des crises de legitimation.
Design Rework Prediction in Concurrent Design Environment: Current Trends and Future Research Directions

This paper aims to present state-of-the-art and formulate future research areas on design rework in concurrent design environment. Related literatures are analysed to extract the key factors which impact design rework. Design rework occurs due to changes from upstream design activities and/or by feedbacks from downstream design activities. Design rework is considered as negative iteration; therefore, value in design activities will be increased if design rework is reduced. Set-based concurrent engineering is proposed as an alternative design approach to mitigate design rework risk, however, duplication effort for designing set of artefacts are still needed to consider before selecting set-based concurrent engineering in design activities.
Explaining Variations in Public Acceptability of Road Pricing Schemes

The literature on acceptability of road pricing schemes is reviewed, and a number of limitations of that research are identified. In particular, little evidence is found of the differences between users and non-users and the effects of scheme design and level of charge. A stated preference survey was conducted in two UK cities to provide evidence on these issues. Charging was found to be more acceptable to non-users, those who perceived pollution and congestion to be very serious, those who considered current conditions unacceptable, and those who judged road pricing to be effective. It proved possible to identify design combinations, for both cities, which would be voted for by a majority. © 2005 LSE and the University of Bath
Potential Use of Organic- and Hard-Rock Mine Wastes on Aided Phytostabilization of Large-Scale Mine Tailings under Semiarid Mediterranean Climatic Conditions: Short-Term Field Study

The study evaluated the efficacy of organic- and hard-rock mine waste type materials on aided phytostabilization of Cu mine tailings under semiarid Mediterranean conditions in order to promote integrated waste management practices at local levels and to rehabilitate large-scale (from 300 to 3,000 ha) postoperative tailings storage facilities (TSFs). A field trial with 13 treatments was established on a TSF to test the efficacy of six waste-type locally available amendments (grape and olive residues, biosolids, goat manure, sediments from irrigation canals, and rubble from Cu-oxide lixiviation piles) during early phases of site rehabilitation. Results showed that, even though an interesting range of waste-type materials were tested, biosolids (100 t ha-1 dry weight, d.w.) and grape residues (200 t ha-1 d.w.), either alone or mixed, were the most suitable organic amendments when incorporated into tailings to a depth of 20 cm. Incorporation of both rubble from Cu-oxide lixiviation piles and goat manure into upper tailings also had effective results. All these treatments improved chemical and microbiological properties of tailings and lead to a significant increase in plant yield after three years from trial establishment. Longer-term evaluations are, however required to evaluate self sustainability of created systems without further incorporation of amendments.
The determinants of health care demand in Uganda: The case study of Lira District, Northern Uganda

The study investigated the price and non-price factors that affect health care demand in rural Uganda using household data from Lira district in northern Uganda, which is the poorest region. The government had introduced the user-fee scheme as a strategy for supplementing government budgets to improve health care delivery systems. The results suggested that the demand for government heath care services was negatively and significantly influenced by the user-fees and drug unavailability. A simulation analysis suggested that an increase in medical charges (user-fees) leads to a fall in demand for government health facilities but increases the demand for both private health facilities and self-medication. Controlling for drugs availability, the demand for government health facilities falls when drugs are not available while demand for private health facilities rises. The policy implication is that government should be able to put resources from things like debt relief to stocking the drugs in public health facilities while the internally generated tax revenues could be utilized to provide free health services especially to the poor. In the long run, the policy option of a social health insurance scheme may be explored.
Multielement stable resonators containing a variable lens

A unified formulation for the analysis of linear stable resonators containing a lens of variable focal length, which represents the rod of a solid-state laser, and other intracavity optical systems is presented. The stability, the mode spot sizes, the dynamical stability, and the misalignment sensitivity are investigated, and general properties that are valid for any resonator are derived. Some important practical consequences for resonator design are discussed.
Knowledge, Action and Pro-environmental Behaviour

This article begins by clarifying and discussing the concept of 'pro-environmental behaviour', which (implicitly) constitutes the central concept--or aim--of environmental education in the article. This is followed by a discussion of the concept of knowledge per se and its position in working with environmental problems. These two concepts require further refinement if research efforts are to make a contribution to the development of environmental education. A few examples and conceptual models will be proposed to clarify the discussion. Finally, comments and suggestions are offered for an elaboration of the model proposed by Kollmuss and Agyeman. This present article primarily draws on research and insights into environmental education in schools. Furthermore, the article primarily explores work with environmental problems in Danish schools and focuses on the general pedagogical dimensions of work done in schools in order to relate these directly to issues discussed by Kollmuss and Agyeman.
HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER: AN UPDATED REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE bY

This paper presents an updated review of the empirical literature which examines multimodal forms of treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Multimodal treatment typically involves some combination of psychostimulant medication, behavior modification, and cognitive training. Results of studies were grouped into three categories: medication plus behavior modification, medication plus cognitive training, and other treatment combinations. Studies most often used clinical outpatient populations, and interventions were implemented by clinicians, parents, and/or teachers. Findings indicate that: (1) for many children, stimulant medication, along or in combination with behavior modification and/or cognitive training, appears to improve behavior at home and school and contribute to improvements in academic achievement; (2) behavior modification appears to be effective in improving children's behavior in the specific situations where it is utilized, but when combined with stimulant medication does not appear to add additional benefit beyond that offered by the medication; (3) cognitive training does not appear to significantly improve the behavior of ADHD children; and (4) for some children, combining a low does of stimulant medication with a behavior modification intervention appears to facilitate the same level of behavior improvement as a high does of stimulant medication alone. (Contains 38 references.) (CR) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** MULTIMODAL TREATMENT OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER: AN UPDATED REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE A Doctoral Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of the Rosemead School of Psychology Biola University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Psychology bY William J. Maier August, 1998 SY COPY tvaium 2 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement ED CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY