Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathological supply dependence of O2 uptake during bacteremia in dogs.

When systemic delivery of O2 [QO2 = cardiac output X arterial O2 content (CaO2)] is reduced, the systemic O2 extraction ratio [(CaO2-concentration of O2 in venous blood/CaO2] increases until a critical limit is reached below which O2 uptake (VO2) becomes limited by delivery. Many patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome exhibit supply dependence of VO2 even at high levels of QO2, which suggests that a peripheral O2 extraction defect may be present. Since many of these patients also suffer from serious bacterial infection, we tested the hypothesis that bacteremia might produce a similar defect in the ability of tissues to maintain VO2 independent of QO2, as QO2 reduced. The critical O2 delivery (QO2crit) and critical extraction ratio (ERcrit) were compared in a control group of dogs and a group receiving a continuous infusion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5 x 10(7) organisms/min). Dogs were anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated with room air. Systemic QO2 was reduced in stages by hemorrhage as hematocrit was maintained. At each stage, systemic VO2 and QO2 were measured, and the critical point was determined from a plot of VO2 vs. QO2. The mean QO2crit and ERcrit of the bacteremic group (11.4 +/- 2.2 ml.min-1.kg-1 and 0.51 +/- 0.09) were significantly different from control (7.4 +/- 1.2 and 0.71 +/- 0.10) (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that bacterial infection can reduce the ability of peripheral tissues to extract O2 from a limited supply, causing VO2 to become limited by O2 delivery at a stage when a smaller fraction of the delivered O2 has been extracted. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Misdiagnosed patients with bipolar disorder: comorbidities, treatment patterns, and direct treatment costs.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine comorbidities, treatment patterns, and direct treatment costs of patients with bipolar disorder who are misdiagnosed with unipolar depression. METHOD This study is a retrospective analysis of data from the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (CCE) database. Logistic regressions and analyses of variance were used to compare the misdiagnosis cohort to 3 age- and gender-matched comparison cohorts (recognized bipolar, depression, and no psychiatric disorders based on ICD-9-CM criteria) during the year 2000. RESULTS Each cohort had 769 individuals (68.0% female; mean age of roughly 42 years). The misdiagnosis cohort had higher rates of several psychiatric comorbidities than the depression cohort (e.g., personality disorders, alcohol abuse, psychotic disorder) and the bipolar cohort (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder, panic) but a lower rate of psychotic disorders than the bipolar cohort (p < .05). Compared with the bipolar cohort, the misdiagnosis cohort was more likely to receive antidepressants, but less likely to receive anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, or lithium (all p < .001). Antidepressant rates were similar among the misdiagnosis and depression cohorts. Group differences were found in mean annual costs for anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, lithium, antidepressants, and total treatment costs: bipolar (USD $442, $310, $67, $497, $8600); misdiagnosis (USD $221, $185, $20, $704, $8761); depression (USD $70, $74, $5, $657, $7288). CONCLUSION Misdiagnosed bipolar patients received inappropriate and costly treatment regimens involving overuse of antidepressants and underuse of potentially effective medications. Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity suggest one possible strategy for improving recognition of bipolar disorder among patients presenting with depressive symptoms. Patients who present with the observed pattern of comorbidities may benefit from additional screening for bipolar disorder. It is recommended that steps be taken to minimize misdiagnosis in clinical settings.
Temporal coding of envelopes and their interaural delays in the inferior colliculus of the unanesthetized rabbit.

1. The difference in the time of arrival of a sound at the two ears can be used to locate its source along the azimuth. Traditionally, it has been thought that only the on-going interaural temporal disparities (ITDs) produced by sounds of lower frequency (approximately less than 2 kHz) could be used for this purpose. However, ongoing ITDs of low frequency are also produced by envelopes of amplitude-modulated (AM) tones. These ITDs can be detected and used to lateralize complex high-frequency sounds (1, 8, 12, 15, 22, 24, 26). Auditory neurons synchronize to the modulation envelope, but do so at progressively lower modulation frequencies at higher levels of the auditory pathway. Some neurons of the cochlear nucleus synchronize best to frequencies as high as 700 Hz, but those of the inferior colliculus (IC) exhibit their best synchrony below 200 Hz. Even though synchrony to higher modulation frequencies is reduced at higher levels of the auditory pathway, is information about ITDs retained? 2. We answered this question by extracellularly recording the responses of neurons in the IC of the unanesthetized rabbit. We used an unanesthetized preparation because anesthesia alters the responses of neurons in the IC to both monaurally presented tones and ITDs. The unanesthetized rabbit is ideal for auditory research. Recordings can be maintained for long periods, and the acoustic stimulus to each ear can be independently controlled. 3. We studied the responses of 89 units to sinusoidally AM tones presented to the contralateral ear. For each unit, we recorded the response at several modulation frequencies. The degree of phase locking to the envelope at each frequency was measured using the synchronization coefficient. Two measures were used to assess the range of modulation frequencies over which phase locking occurred. The "best AM frequency" was the frequency at which we observed the greatest phase locking. The "highest AM frequency" was the highest frequency at which significant phase locking (0.001 level) was observed. We could not assess synchrony to ipsilateral AM tones directly, because most units did not respond to ipsilateral stimulation. 4. We studied the sensitivity of 63 units to ITDs produced by the envelopes of AM tones. Sensitivity to ITDs was tested by presenting AM tones to the two ears that had the same carrier frequency, but modulation frequencies that differed by 1 Hz. Units that were sensitive to ITDs responded to this stimulus by varying their response rate cyclically at the difference frequency, i.e., 1 Hz. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Generating efficient rigid biped running gaits with calculated take-off velocities

SUMMARY In this paper, an offline algorithm generates gaits for robotic biped running motion. A minimization procedure on a novel objective function produces initial joint velocities for the flight phase given the initial joint angles. These computed initial velocities ensure a reasonable starting point for the constrained dynamic optimization procedure to try and formulate a gait that minimizes energy consumption. The simulated robot runs even on ground and up stairs. Results demonstrate the rigid robot solution has a intuitively satisfying human-like motion with an energy consumption that appears reasonable for a rigid robot.
The Intonation and Signaling of Declarative Questions in Manchego Peninsular Spanish

This paper is an experimental investigation on the tonal structure and phonetic signaling of declarative questions by speakers of Manchego Peninsular Spanish, a dialect of Spanish for which little experimental research on intonation is currently available. Analysis 1 examines the scaling and timing properties of final rises produced by 16 speakers under various pressures of tonal crowding. The quantitative results provide evidence for two contrasting nuclear pitch accent specifications: L* vs. H*. These data are consistent with the findings and analyses of final rises in Dutch, although certain time pressure effects had not been reported in this previous body of research. Analysis 2 provides a phonetic comparison of the two question contours uncovered in Analysis 1 with those of lexically and syntactically identical declarative statements. The findings indicate that speakers differentiate the two question contours from corresponding statement contours in dissimilar fashion and that for the L*H% contour, the terminal rise may be the only F0 signal of its question intent. Some speculation on the possible causes of this variation is offered in conclusion.
Potential of zebrafish for anticancer drug screening

Background: The zebrafish is a powerful vertebrate model organism for large scale genetic and chemical screens. Objective: With the rapid development of cancer modeling in zebrafish, great opportunities exist for chemical screens to find anticancer agents. Methods: Using embryos, pathway screens can be designed based on our knowledge of cancer biology. Anticancer chemical screens using tumor bearing adult zebrafish facilitate preclinical testing. Conclusion: Current developments in improving cancer models and automated imaging technology have the potential of finding novel compounds that disrupt tumor biology.
A Forensic Speaker Identification Study: An Auditory-Acoustic Analysis of Phonetic Features and an Exploration of the ‘Telephone Effect’

This study investigates the formant, fundamental frequency, and speech tempo parameters in a forensic speaker identification setting and whether these are adequate features to use in an auditory-acoustic analysis. Furthermore, the ‘telephone effect’ as described by Künzel (2001) is examined and analysed in terms of whether it applies to the aforementioned phonetic features. A closed set of samples, made up of recordings from the DyViS database, was used in order to determine the adequacy of the chosen parameters and the potential acoustic effect of intercept recordings on the correct identification of a disputed and a non-disputed sample. Measurements of F1, F2, and F3 were taken from between 11 and 26 tokens per speaker for three stressed vowels, along with measurements of the mean and standard deviation of F0, and articulation rate. The results showed that all three parameters proved to be efficient and appropriate for forensic speaker identification practices, but that the articulation rate of the disputed sample was heavily affected by a task-effect. In terms of the intercept recordings, F1 values, especially those of close vowels, were found to be affected, consistent with Künzel’s findings (2001). Mean fundamental frequency values were not altered by the intercept sample, but the standard deviation was, resulting in values twice as high compared to direct recordings.
Collaboration and information sharing in NEC networks

Within a network enabled environment, collaboration between humans is key for making decisions. Increasingly, decision makers have to rely on information provided by other actors within a highly dynamic and distributed battle-space. Social networks facilitate this information exchange between actors. At the same time, networks failing to provide necessary information in combination with a high level of trust can hinder effective communication and collaboration. This paper investigates how analysing different types of network structure can support collaboration and decision-making by using a change prediction method as a way of predicting information propagation between actors within a social network.
Cerebral Activation and Catastrophizing During Pain Anticipation in Patients With Fibromyalgia

Objective: Anticipation of pain influences its cerebral processing and dysfunctional cognitive style like catastrophizing correlates with the severity of pain. Patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) exhibit higher levels of catastrophizing, increased attention to pain, and augmented cerebral pain processing. Therefore, alteration in cerebral processing during anticipation of experimental pain and its relation to catastrophizing are the main focus of the study. Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was acquired during the time of pain anticipation with announcement of its intensity or not in 12 patients with FMS and 14 healthy controls. Within a two-factorial model (factors "group" and "session"), the main effect of group and the interaction effect were tested in a whole-brain analysis. In addition, activation of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) was analyzed in a region-of-interest analysis. Results: Patients with FMS generally displayed greater catastrophizing behavior (p = .003) but not during the anticipation of the experimental pain (p > .16). Furthermore, patients showed greater activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (p = .05), the PAG (p = .04), and the posterior parietal cortex (p = .03) during the anticipation of pain, independent of the pain coping behavior during anticipation. Conclusions: The lack of difference in catastrophizing during the experimental pain suggests independent coping mechanisms during experimental and clinical pain. Regarding the importance of the frontal cortex and the PAG in the descending pain modulation system, it seems reasonable to assume that these functional changes related to the context of stimulus presentation may contribute to central sensitization in FMS.FMS = fibromyalgia syndrome; PAG = periaqueductal gray; DLPFC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; PPC = posterior parietal cortex; PN = prior notification; ACC = anterior cingulate cortex
Provider-Verified HPV Vaccine Coverage among a National Sample of Hispanic Adolescent Females

Background: Hispanic females have the highest cervical cancer incidence rate of any racial or ethnic group in the United States, yet relatively little research has examined human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among this fast-growing population. We examined HPV vaccination among a national sample of Hispanic adolescent females. Methods: We analyzed provider-verified vaccination data from the 2010–2011 National Immunization Survey-Teen for Hispanic females ages 13 to 17 years (n = 2,786). We used weighted logistic regression to identify correlates of HPV vaccine initiation (receipt of one or more doses), completion (receipt of three doses), and follow-through (receipt of three doses among those who initiated the series). Results: HPV vaccine initiation was 60.9%, completion was 36.0%, and follow-through was 59.1%. Initiation and completion were more common among older daughters and those whose parents had received a provider recommendation to vaccinate (all P < 0.05). Completion was less common among daughters who had moved from their birth state (P < 0.05). All vaccination outcomes were less common among daughters without health insurance (all P < 0.05). Vaccination did not differ by parents' preferred language (all P > 0.05), although intent to vaccinate was higher among Spanish-speaking parents (P < 0.01). Spanish-speaking parents were more likely to indicate lack of provider recommendation (20.2% vs. 5.3%) and cost (10.9% vs. 1.8%) as main reasons for not intending to vaccinate (both P < 0.05). Conclusions: Many Hispanic females have not received HPV vaccine. Several factors, including provider recommendation and health insurance, are key correlates of vaccination. Impact: HPV vaccination programs targeting Hispanics are needed and should consider how potential barriers to vaccination may differ by preferred language. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(5); 742–54. ©2014 AACR.
CREU 2016-2017 Final Report: Harvesting Viral Genomes from Sequences of Complex Communities

I) Goals and Purpose While metagnomics has facilitated the sequencing of viral communities inhabiting niches from across the globe, each study uncovering sequences with no recognizable homology to known proteins or genomes. Viral data repositories do not include sufficient representation of the diversity of viruses on Earth. Nevertheless, novel viral species genomes – particularly those in high abundance – have been able to be mined directly from complex community viral metagenomes. Discovery of such viral genomes often relies heavily on manual curation and prior studies have employed a variety of different criteria when sifting through sequencing data. In an effort to provide a comprehensive means of mining for complete viral genomes from complex sequence data sets, we developed the tool virMine. This tool provides an automated solution while maintaining flexibility, allowing researchers to select from a variety of filters.
Low-Let-Induced Radioprotective Mechanisms within a Stochastic Two-Stage Cancer Model

A stochastic two-stage cancer model with clonal expansion was used to investigate the potential impact on human lung cancer incidence of some aspects of the hormesis mechanisms suggested by Feinendegen (Health Phys. 52 663–669, 1987). The model was applied to low doses of low-LET radiation delivered at low dose rates. Non-linear responses arise in the model because radiologically induced adaptations in radical scavenging and DNA repair may reduce the biological consequences of DNA damage formed by endogenous processes and ionizing radiation. Sensitivity studies were conducted to identify critical model inputs and to help define the changes in cellular defense mechanisms necessary to produce a lifetime probability for lung cancer that deviates from a linear no-threshold (LNT) type of response. Our studies suggest that lung cancer risk predictions may be very sensitive to the induction of DNA damage by endogenous processes. For doses comparable to background radiation levels, endogenous DNA damage may account for as much as 50 to 80% of the predicted lung cancers. For an additional lifetime dose of 1 Gy from low-LET radiation, endogenous processes may still account for as much as 20% of the predicted cancers (Fig. 2). When both repair and scavengers are considered as inducible, radiation must enhance DNA repair and radical scavenging in excess of 30 to 40% of the baseline values to produce lifetime probabilities for lung cancer outside the range expected for endogenous processes and background radiation.
Consumer‐based brand equity and country‐of‐origin relationships: Some empirical evidence

– The objective of the present research is to examine the impact of the country of origin of a brand on its consumer‐based equity. , – Brand equity was conceptualized in this paper as a combination of brand awareness, brand associations, perceived quality and attitudinal brand loyalty. A doubly multivariate design was incorporated in a structured questionnaire to collect data via mall intercepts in an Australian capital city. , – Multivariate analysis of variance of the data indicated that consumer‐based brand equity varied according to the country of origin of the brand and product category. This impact of country of origin on brand equity occurred where consumers perceived substantive differences between the countries in terms of their product category‐country associations. , – An important direction for future research would be to examine how the consumer‐based equity of a brand would be affected, if the country of origin were changed from a country with weaker association with the product category to a country with strong association with the product category. The results would be useful to MNCs contemplating international manufacturing. , – Marketing managers operating in the international context must identify the sources of brand equity, and understand the importance of incorporating country of origin into their brand equity measurement. Further, the results suggest that, when a brand offers a variety of product categories, brand managers should monitor and track the brand's consumer‐based equity for each product category. , – The present study is one of the first to empirically examine and confirm the impact of country of origin on the consumer‐based equity of a brand.
TRAFFIC CONGESTION AND SUBURBAN ACTIVITY CENTERS. OVERVIEW OF THE CONFERENCE CHAIRMAN

This paper provides an overview of the conference on traffic congestion and suburban activity centers that was conducted by the Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation and Land Development. The conference addressed two primary questions: "What can be done to relieve suburban congestion, particularly in and near major suburban activity centers? " and "If a major suburban activity center were built from the ground up, what should it look like? ". The consensus was that there is currently no "vision" of a desirable activity center or arrangement of activities and infrastructure in the suburbs. Participants felt that one of the most serious problems in and near suburban activity centers, and in the suburbs themselves, is the relative lack of transportation system capacity. There was a recognition that there is a tremendous diversity of trip purpose at activity centers. A short list of characteristics that help to understand congestion was produced. The list included such characteristics as real versus preceived congestion, change, rate of change, perception of speed, amount of delay, predictability, tolerance of the public for congestion, and the action ignition point, referring to where or when the public comes to the point that they are fed up with the situation. Activities to mitigate suburban congestion were suggested, the important role of the state government was recognized, and research needs were identified.
Fact and Fiction in Implicit Personality Theory

This article reports two studies, where the accuracy of implicit personality theory (IPT) was investigated using on-line behavior counts as well as retrospective frequency estimates as standards of comparison Eight discussion groups, each comprising six members, were videotaped Their act frequencies with respect to 16 types of behavior were judged on-line using two coding schemes, each one being applied by two independent raters Five other judges estimated the act frequencies retrospectively Furthermore, judges revealed their IPT by estimating the conditional likelihood of these types of behavior It turned out that (a) retrospective judges perceive different base rates accurately, (b) the correlations among retrospectively estimated and among on-line recorded act frequencies show high correspondences, (c) IPT accurately mirrors the correlations among retrospectively estimated as well as among on-line recorded act frequencies, and (d) judges do not appropriately consider perceived base rates when estimating conditional probabilities It is concluded that IPT is considerably accurate in those respects that are important for the validity and structural fidelity of personality ratings