Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tendncia secular da doena respiratria na infncia na cidade de So Paulo (1984-1996)

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalencia e a distribuicao social da doenca respiratoria na infância, estabelecer a tendencia secular dessa enfermidade e analisar sua determinacao, com base nos dados coletados por dois inqueritos domiciliares realizados na cidade de Sao Paulo, SP, em 1984/85 e em 1995/96. METODOS: Os inqueritos estudaram amostras probabilisticas da populacao residente na cidade com idades entre zero e 59 meses (1.016 em 1984/85 e 1.280 em 1995/96). Nos dois inqueritos estimou-se a prevalencia instantânea da doenca respiratoria alta (acima da epiglote) e da doenca respiratoria baixa com e sem chiado a ausculta pulmonar. A ocorrencia da doenca respiratoria foi aferida por exames clinicos realizados em dias aleatorios, nos proprios domicilios das criancas, por medicos pediatras devidamente treinados e padronizados quanto ao diagnostico da doenca. Os exames clinicos incluiam a anamnese do dia, antecedentes de doenca respiratoria e o exame fisico completo da crianca, incluindo inspecao da orofaringe, otoscopia e ausculta pulmonar. Nos dois inqueritos, os exames foram distribuidos ao longo de um periodo de cerca de 12 meses, de modo a garantir uma varredura uniforme das varias areas da cidade ao longo das quatro estacoes. O estudo da distribuicao social da doenca respiratoria levou em conta tercis da renda familiar per capita em cada um dos inqueritos. A estrategia analitica para estudar os determinantes da evolucao da prevalencia da doenca na populacao empregou modelos hierarquicos de causalidade, analises multivariadas de regressao e procedimentos analogos aos utilizados para calcular riscos atribuiveis populacionais. RESULTADOS/CONCLUSOES: Houve entre os inqueritos aumentos expressivos na prevalencia instantânea da doenca respiratoria alta (de 22,2% para 38,8%) e da doenca respiratoria baixa sem e com chiado (de 6,0% para 10,0% e de 0,8% para 2,8%, respectivamente). No caso da doenca alta e da doenca baixa sem chiado, o aumento e generalizado nos varios estratos sociais, o que nao altera, no periodo, a situacao discretamente menos favoravel dos estratos de menor renda. No caso da doenca baixa com chiado, o aumento se restringe aos estratos de renda baixa e intermediaria, sendo particularmente intenso no estrato de menor renda, o que determina o surgimento de uma forte relacao inversa entre a doenca e a renda familiar. Mudancas positivas em determinantes distais das doencas respiratorias (renda familiar e escolaridade materna) e em variaveis relacionadas a salubridade das moradias justificariam declinio modesto e nao aumento das doencas respiratorias na cidade. O aumento na frequencia a creches, observado no periodo, poderia contrabalancar o efeito positivo das melhorias em variaveis socioeconomicas e ambientais, mas nao seria suficiente para justificar o aumento das doencas respiratorias na cidade.
Electronic Communities of Care - Measuring the Benefits

Collaborative technologies including web, mobile applications, social media and smart devices are driving new models of healthcare where providers and consumers can connect together in virtual communities that facilitate real-time communications and encourage consumers to take a greater role in the management of their health. As technology enabled care models evolve, it will become imperative for program researchers and evaluators to quantify their impacts and to answer the many efficiency and effectiveness questions that different stakeholders are likely to pose. The primary aim of this study was to develop a framework that would enable the health and socio-economic benefits of technology enabled health care (e-Healthcare) models to be evaluated from the perspectives of providers, recipients and funders. To achieve this aim, a multi-dimensional framework, incorporating Information Systems and Health Economics theory, was developed and refined through input from multiple case studies. These studies included an Australian Research Council (ARC) case using Health technologies to minimise unnecessary hospitalisation of elderly patients; an Australian E-Health Research Centre (EHRC) case using Tele-Health to deliver cardiac rehabilitation services; and a regional Australian care collaboration case involving multiple care providers from different disciplines. In each of these cases, the positive impacts of e-Healthcare models were clearly evident, with outcomes including increased access to services, increased participation, better health outcomes, improved safety and quality and more costeffective use of resources. The learnings from this study are many, including that even where it can be clearly demonstrated that the e-Healthcare model can provide significant benefits and is a preferred choice by users that this does not guarantee its continued operation and main stream uptake. This study will contribute to the literature by providing a framework and methodologies for evaluating and comparing the benefits and costs of service-Healthcare models. It will also assist researchers to better understand how the level of collaboration between providers and with recipients impacts on care outcomes and the delivery of sustainable care, in an increasingly ageing society.
Temporomandibular disorders, facial pain and headache following motor vehicle accidents.

Temporomandibular disorders are known to be a possible sequela of motor vehicle accidents, particularly when flexion-extension injury occurs. This paper recognizes the relationship between cervical injury and dysfunction, and temporomandibular dysfunction and headache. The literature related to motor vehicle accidents, whiplash injury, and temporomandibular dysfunction is reviewed, and the etiology, prognosis and management of the trauma associated with head and neck pain and dysfunction are presented. Language: en
VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS EDUCATION THROUGH INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGIES

The problem for developing a TTS (text-to-speech) is a very active field of research. As the Human-Computer Interfaces (HCI) come of age, the need for a more ergonomic and natural interface than the current one (keyboard, mouse, etc.) is being constantly felt. Talking of natural interfaces, what comes to mind, is sound (speech) and sight (vision). These form the basis of many intelligent systems research like robotics. Moreover, speech can also serve as an excellent interface for visually impaired , or people with motor neuron disorders. In this paper we attempt at developing a TTS system for Albanian Language. A lot of commercial systems are available for many foreign languages (mostly English), but there is yet to be a competitive system available for Albanian language. Although the task of building very high quality, unlimited vocabulary text-to-speech (TTS) system is still a difficult one, with many open research questions, we believe the building of reasonable quality voices for many tasks can serve our needs. Here we have worked with standard Albanian, the most commonly spoken. We hope to easily extend the system to other languages, since there are a lot of underlying similarities between languages. Albanian language being highly phonetic, result in simple letter-to-sound rules. We used the standard concatenative synthesis. The main problem faced by us was to make the synthesized speech sound natural. We investigated the reasons for the mechanical sounding speech and developed different synthesis models to overcome some of those problems. Moreover, we implemented some standard and also novel intonation and duration modification algorithms, which can be incorporated into the TTS at a later stage. Our main achievement was reasonably legible speech with an unlimited vocabulary. The following paper presents a brief overview of the main text-to-speech synthesis problem and its subproblems, and the initial work done in building a TTS for Albanian.
Evaluation2 – Evaluating the national evaluation system in South Africa: What has been achieved in the first 5 years?

Background: South Africa has pioneered national evaluation systems (NESs) along with Canada, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Uganda and Benin. South Africa’s National Evaluation Policy Framework (NEPF) was approved by Cabinet in November 2011. An evaluation of the NES started in September 2016.Objectives: The purpose of the evaluation was to assess whether the NES had had an impact on the programmes and policies evaluated, the departments involved and other key stakeholders; and to determine how the system needs to be strengthened.Method: The evaluation used a theory-based approach, including international benchmarking, five national and four provincial case studies, 112 key informant interviews, a survey with 86 responses and a cost-benefit analysis of a sample of evaluations.Results: Since 2011, 67 national evaluations have been completed or are underway within the NES, covering over $10 billion of government expenditure. Seven of South Africa’s nine provinces have provincial evaluation plans and 68 of 155 national and provincial departments have departmental evaluation plans. Hence, the system has spread widely but there are issues of quality and the time it takes to do evaluations. It was difficult to assess use but from the case studies it did appear that instrumental and process use were widespread. There appears to be a high return on evaluations of between R7 and R10 per rand invested.Conclusion: The NES evaluation recommendations on strengthening the system ranged from legislation to strengthen the mandate, greater resources for the NES, strengthening capacity development, communication and the tracking of use.
Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Among Clemson University Student-Athletes

Participants in this study were 95 Clemson University student-athletes who were currently on the varsity men’s and women’s soccer, tennis, track and field, and swimming and diving who completed a survey on nutrition knowledge and attitudes. The mean total point score on the survey was 17.48 + 1.71. The mean score on knowledge questions on the survey was 11.59 + 3.14 or 46.3%. Females had a slightly higher mean score (12.3+ 3.03 or 49.2%) than males (10.9 + 3.13 or 43.6%) on the knowledge questions. The mean score on attitude questions was 5.89+ 1.67 or 58.9%. Females had a slightly higher mean score (6.19 + 1.53 or 61.9%) than the males (5.60 + 1.76 or 56%) on the attitude questions. A multiple regression analysis for impact of sport, gender, class rank, previous nutrition course, and eating situation on total score on the survey gave an overall R of 0.174 (F= 3.75, p= 0.004). There was no significant unique effect of class rank (p = 0.084), sport (p= 0.079), and eating situation (p= 0.079) for this model. The unique effect of gender (p= 0.003) and taking a nutrition course (p= 0.036) were statistically significant. Even though the proposed model was statistically significant, it did not adequately predict performance on the survey. The model predicted that females were to score 2.5 points higher on the survey than males and that those who reported taking a nutrition course in the past were to score 1.7 points lower than those who had not taken a nutrition course. This most likely reflects the relatively small number who reported having taken a nutrition course. Additional studies should include additional attitude questions and further define the role of nutrition education on knowledge and attitudes of student-athletes.
MARQUEURS SEROLOGIQUES DU VIRUS DE L'HEPATITE B ET DU VIRUS VIH DANS LA ZONE SEMI-RURALE ET RURALE CONGOLAISE

Les sérums ont été testés en VIH (Enzygnost Behring (HIV 1+2), les positifs et douteux confirmés en western blot (New Lav Blot 1 Diagnostic Pasteur). Toutes les personnes trouvées VIH+ et leurs témoins appariés par sexe, âge et village ont été testés pour le marqueur du virus de l’hépatite B Ag HBS; La recherche des marqueurs Ag Hbe et anti-HBe a été e ffectuée chez les porteurs de l’antigène HBS (gamme Monolisa HBV Diagnostic Pasteur).
Palena, Quitralco y Melimoyu: Intentos fallidos de colonización en el litoral de la Región de Aysén (1889-1983)

espanolEl siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer los resultados preliminares de una investigacion que busca estudiar las colonizaciones fallidas en los sectores de Bajo Palena o Isla de Los Leones (1889), Quitralco (1950) y el ultimo intento llevado a cabo en las cercanias del volcan Melimoyu (1983). Al ahondar en sus fracasos y desaciertos, es posible encontrar una serie de factores o elementos en comun, los cuales provocaron la desercion de sus colonos y el abandono de sus incipientes asentamientos. EnglishThe objective of the following research is publishing the preliminary results of an investigation which pretends to study the failed colonization to the subsequent areas: Bajo Palena or Isla de Los Leones (1889), Quitralco (1950) and the last attempt carried out in Melimoyu volcano surroundings (1983). When analyzing deeply the failures and mistakes, it is possible to find out a number of factors and elements, which caused the settlers desertion and the abandonment of the incipient settlements.
Fatigue, shift work characteristics, and occupational injury and illness in emergency medical services

The relationship between work scheduling, fatigue, and risk of injury and illness among Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workers is not well understood. Evidence in other settings suggests that work duration contributes to fatigue and increases the risk of accidents and occupational injuries. Rates of occupational injury are high. Extended shifts and overtime hours are common. Workers often report fatigue and poor sleep quality. Evidence is needed to inform policy-making and promote safety. Shift schedules and occupational injury and illness reports were obtained for 14 EMS agencies over a three-year period. The cohort contained 966,082 shifts, 4,382 employees, and 950 total injuries. Analyses examined the association between shift length, weekly work hours, crewmember familiarity, and occupational injury and illness. An increased risk of occupational injury and illness was hypothesized for individual shifts >8 hours and ≥48 weekly work hours. The proposed mechanism for increased risk was on-shift fatigue. A systematic literature review was performed to better understand differences in prior estimates of fatigue in EMS by methodologic approach. Risk of occupational injury and illness was increased for shifts >8 & ≤12 hours (RR 1.43; 95% CI 1.04-1.97), shifts >12 & ≤16 hours (RR 1.82; 95% CI 1.17-2.82), and shifts >16 and ≤24 hours (RR 2.29; 95% CI 1.52-3.46), compared to shifts ≤8 hours in duration. There was no increase in risk of occupational illness or injury with increasing weekly work hours. Crewmember familiarity was not associated with the outcome. Nightshift work was protective. Shift length is associated with occupational injury and illness in this cohort. As shift length increases, the risk of workplace injury and illness increases. These findings are based on observational data and are not generalizable to all EMS agencies. Evidence should be used to justify comprehensive prospective study. These projects are significant to public health. Calls for research were addressed from the National Occupational Research Agenda and the National EMS Advisory Council, government bodies who identified gaps in the knowledge of these issues. These data may serve as a foundation for future studies to inform decision-making at EMS agencies nationally and protect the health of the EMS workforce.
How does a hospital website branding have positive effects of patients visiting and hospital recruitment?

Background: Medical institutions use websites for practical purposes such as patient education and information provision. Smartphone penetration established the website as the most useful tool for information retrieval. Therefore, adapted rather than conventional website management is demanded by smartphone users for extensive dispatch of information. Social marketing, which is commonly used as an intervention strategy in global health, provides adequate information. A decision-making process based on exposure to information is the key to a good strategy. We aim to show how the behavior of a person (new patient or job applicant) could be changed through a website branding strategy of regular updates. Methods: Since November 2015, we increased the number of pages of a website of a certain hospital by regular website updates. This study forecasted the monthly website log, number of new patients, and job applicants. Google Analytics was used to obtain, store, and maintain website usage data for the period of November 2014 to October 2016. The website was updated every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday since November 2015. The 19 departments updated their information more than once a month. The update contents consisted of symptoms of illness, illness mechanisms, lifestyle advice, diagnosis processes, each department’s education program, and the welfare of employees. The achievement or underachievement of the conversion was distributed to website visitors. Results: The website log for each parameter increased monthly during the intervention period. The monthly average for new patients was 97 prior to the intervention, and increased to 121 during the intervention (i.e., an increase of 1.25 times). The proportion of job applications via the hospital website increased from 10.9% prior to the intervention to 27.8% during the intervention. The successful applicant rate increased significantly during the intervention. Furthermore, the visit duration per web page increased during the intervention period, and the number of page views per session decreased. Conclusions: This study indicates that novel website branding, through regular updates and aggressive information dissemination, contributed to more new patients and job applicants. This vertical communication can positively influence established human behavior by increasing reach and effectiveness, thus establishing the consumers as partners.
Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) and S100A12 in inflammatory arthritis : clinical and epidemiological studies of rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis

Rheumatoidand psoriatic arthritis (RA and PsA) are the two most prevalent inflammatory joint diseases in Caucasian. Different biomarkers in peripheral blood may contribute in the diagnostic and prognostic process, as well as in assessing the disease activity of the individual patient. The concentration of the leukocyte protein complex calprotectin (S100A8/A9) is increased in inflamed joints and in peripheral blood of patients with various inflammatory diseases. S100A12 is another S100 protein that more recently has been described as a proinflammatory protein in arthritis. Disease manifestations and prognosis in RA and PsA have both articular and non-articular aspects, and these should be adressed during treatment of the patients. The risk of cardiovascular disease is increased in RA, and to a lesser extent in PsA. Supplementation with fish oil has modest beneficial effects in RA both for arthritis and collateral health. The overall aim of the study was to investigate calprotectin and S100A12 as biomarkers of disease activity or distinct clinical features in patients with either RA or PsA. In addition, we wanted to estimate the prevalence of PsA in our population and to explore effects of short-term oral supplementation with seal oil. We found a prevalence of PsA in the county of Hordaland equivalent to 1.95 per 1000. If given a prevalence of psoriasis at 1.4%, this corresponds to a PsA prevalence among psoriatics of 14%. The levels of calprotectin were elevated in stool samples from patients with PsA, suggesting asymptomatic psoriatic enteropathy. In a clinical trial with seal oil to patients with PsA we found improvement in subjective measures and a significant shift in the fatty acid composition in peripheral blood, toward a putative antiinflammatory profile. We found that both calprotectin and S100A12 levels in serum correlate with disease activity parameters in RA. High levels of S100A12 were detected in patients with RA, as well as new conformational states of this protein. The S100 proteins did not perform better than CRP as inflammatory
Regulation of dendritic cell function by Dectin-1.

Innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed on dendritic cells (DC) link direct recognition of pathogens to initiation of T cell responses. Here I describe evidence that Dectin-1 is a novel pattern recognition receptor involved the activation of dendritic cells by the yeast cell wall preparation, zymosan. Zymosan contains ligands for the known PRR Toll-like Receptor-2 (TLR2). Interestingly, recent work in macrophages has implicated the p-glucan receptor Dectin-1 in zymosan recognition. This thesis demonstrates that Dectin-1 can function as a PRR independently of the Toll-like Receptor system to induce DC cytokine production (IL-2, IL-10) and Notch-ligand upregulation (Jagged-1). My work has helped determine that Dectin-1 can signal via a novel HemlTAM motif to the tyrosine kinase Syk. DC stimulated with zymosan upregulate IL-10, IL-2 and Jagged-1 in a Syk-dependent manner. Indeed, IL-10 and Jagged-1 induction is independent of TLR-mediated recognition of zymosan. In addition, zymosan induced ERK activation is entirely dependent on signalling through Syk and is independent of TLR signalling. I demonstrate that this ERK activation is necessary for the induction of IL-2 and IL-10 in response to zymosan. Finally I present preliminary findings on how the unusual cytokine signature of zymosan-stimulated DCs may bias Thl and Thl7 differentiation induced in vitro.
Competencias del perfil del administrador

Este estudio, de tipo descriptivo transversal, presenta un análisis estadístico comparativo que se realizó con estudiantes de último año del área administrativa en tres universidades mexicanas. El objetivo de la investigación fue comprobar las competencias profesionales que desarrolló el estudiantado según perfil de egreso y modalidad aplicada (presencial, mixta o virtual), para diferenciar las competencias que fortalecen su perfil de egreso y cuáles deben ser potenciadas. El instrumento empleado para examinar las competencias se estructuró tomando en consideración preguntas que reproducen el proceso de toma de decisiones y el contexto que tienen que enfrentar los administradores. Los resultados evidencian, independientemente de la modalidad educativa, niveles de apreciación cercanos al avanzado en competencias básicas, transversales y específicas. Resaltaron indicadores favorables en el trabajo en equipo y la necesidad de potenciar la competencia de elaboración de proyectos. Se advierten diferencias significativas en estudiantes de la modalidad virtual con respecto a otras modalidades.