Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building TALAA, a Free General and Categorized Arabic Corpus

Arabic natural language processing (ANLP) has gained increasing interest over the last decade. However, the development of ANLP tools depends on the availability of large corpora. It turns out unfortunately that the scientific community has a deficit in large and varied Arabic corpora, especially ones that are freely accessible. With the Internet continuing its exponential growth, Arabic Internet content has also been following the trend, yielding large amounts of textual data available through different Arabic websites. This paper describes the TALAA corpus, a voluminous general Arabic corpus, built from daily Arabic newspaper websites. The corpus is a collection of more than 14 million words with 15,891,729 tokens contained in 57,827 different articles. A part of the TALAA corpus has been tagged to construct an annotated Arabic corpus of about 7000 tokens, the POS-tagger used containing a set of 58 detailed tags. The annotated corpus was manually checked by two human experts. The methodology used to construct TALAA is presented and various metrics are applied to it, showing the usefulness of the corpus. The corpus can be made available to the scientific community upon authorisation.
Neural-net-based direct adaptive control for a class of nonlinear plants

A direct adaptive control algorithm is presented for a class of nonlinear plants. No restriction has been imposed on the plant structure. The only condition the plant must satisfy is that the instantaneous input-output gain be positive. An artificial neural network (ANN)-based nonlinear controller structure has been employed. In line with the gain scheduling principle, however, the controller also has a pseudolinear time-varying structure with the parameters being the functions of the operating point. Simulation studies are also presented to validate the theoretical findings.
The natural history of mental disorder in old age.

1. The case records of 450 patients were studied and classified into five previously defined diagnostic groups: Affective Psychosis, Senile Psychosis, Late Paraphrenia, Acute Confusion and Arteriosclerotic Psychosis. Affective Psychosis accounted for over half the cases in the total material. Follow up studies showed that at six months and two years after admission each of the five disorders is characterized by a distinctive pattern of outcome as described by the proportion of patients dead, in hospital and out of hospital. 2. Examination of differences in pattern of outcome between specific groups provides strong confirmation for hypotheses suggesting that affective psychosis, late paraphrenia and acute confusion were each entities largely independent of the two main causes of progressive dementia in old age: senile and arteriosclerotic psychosis. The relevant differences between the groups were largely independent of differences in age distribution. 3. There is some evidence to suggest that the findings may have a bearing upon the problems of old age mental disorder faced by hospitals in other parts of this country. 4. The overlap between the senile-arteriosclerotic group on the one hand and the affective paraphrenic group on the other was relatively small. But if all kinds of affective disturbance are reckoned, their incidence in arteriosclerotic psychosis is greater than is likely to be accountable in terms of fortuitous coincidence. 5. Problems for further study are discussed. Investigations into the differences between and within the groups might lead to the identification of factors of practical or aetiological significance.
ROTEX-the first remotely controlled robot in space

In April 1993 for the first time in the history of space flight, a small multisensory robot performed a number of prototype tasks on-board a spacecraft (spacelab D2 on shuttle COLUMBIA) in different operational modes that are feasible today, namely preprogrammed remotely controlled operations by the astronauts using a control ball and a stereo TV-monitor, as well as remotely controlled from ground via the human operator and machine intelligence. In these operational modes the robot successfully closed and opened connector plugs (bayonet closure), assembled structures from single parts and captured a free-floating object. Several key technologies have made this space robot technology experiment ROTEX a big success: multisensory gripper technology, local (shared autonomy) sensory feedback control concepts, and the powerful delay-compensating 3D-graphics simulation (predictive simulation) in the telerobotic ground station. This paper focusses on the tele-sensor-programming approach and the predictive simulation used for remote ground control. <<ETX>>
The Upstream Region of the Rpe65 Gene Confers Retinal Pigment Epithelium-specific Expression in Vivo and in Vitro and Contains Critical Octamer and E-box Binding Sites*

RPE65 is essential for all-trans- to 11-cis-retinoid isomerization, the hallmark reaction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here, we identify regulatory elements in the Rpe65 gene and demonstrate their functional relevance to Rpe65 gene expression. We show that the 5′ flanking region of the mouse Rpe65 gene, like the human gene, lacks a canonical TATA box and consensus GC and CAAT boxes. The mouse and human genes do share several cis-acting elements, including an octamer, a nuclear factor one (NFI) site, and two E-box sites, suggesting a conserved mode of regulation. A mouseRpe65 promoter/β-galactosidase transgene containing bases –655 to +52 (TR4) of the mouse 5′ flanking region was sufficient to direct high RPE-specific expression in transgenic mice, whereas shorter fragments (–297 to +52 or –188 to +52) generated only background activity. Furthermore, transient transfection of analogous TR4/luciferase constructs also directed high reporter activity in the human RPE cell line D407 but weak activity in the non-RPE cell lines HeLa, HepG2, and HS27. Functional binding of potential transcription factors to the octamer sequence, AP-4, and NFI sites was demonstrated by directed mutagenesis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and cross-linking. Mutations of these sites abolished binding and corresponding transcriptional activity and indicated that octamer and E-box transcription factors synergistically regulate the RPE65 promoter function. Thus, we have identified the regulatory region in theRpe65 gene that accounts for tissue-specific expression in the RPE and found that octamer and E-box transcription factors play a critical role in the transcriptional regulation of theRpe65 gene.
JNK and STAT3 signaling pathways converge on Akt-mediated phosphorylation of EZH2 in bronchial epithelial cells induced by arsenic

The molecular mechanisms by which arsenic (As3+) causes human cancers remain to be fully elucidated. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of polycomb-repressive complexes 2 (PRC2) that promotes trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3, leading to altered expression of tumor suppressors or oncogenes. In the present study, we determined the effect of As3+ on EZH2 phosphorylation and the signaling pathways important for As3+-induced EZH2 phosphorylation in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. The involvement of kinases in As3+-induced EZH2 phosphorylation was validated by siRNA-based gene silencing. The data showed that As3+ can induce phosphorylation of EZH2 at serine 21 in human bronchial epithelial cells and that the phosphorylation of EZH2 requires an As3+-activated signaling cascade from JNK and STAT3 to Akt. Transfection of the cells with siRNA specific for JNK1 revealed that JNK silencing reduced serine727 phosphorylation of STAT3, Akt activation and EZH2 phosphorylation, suggesting that JNK is the upstream kinase involved in As3+-induced EZH2 phosphorylation. Because As3+ is capable of inducing miRNA-21 (miR-21), a STAT3-regulated miRNA that represses protein translation of PTEN or Spry2, we also tested the role of STAT3 and miR-21 in As3+-induced EZH2 phosphorylation. Ectopic overexpression of miR-21 promoted Akt activation and phosphorylation of EZH2, whereas inhibiting miR-21 by transfecting the cells with anti-miR-21 inhibited Akt activation and EZH2 phosphorylation. Taken together, these results demonstrate a contribution of the JNK, STAT3 and Akt signaling axis to As3+-induced EZH2 phosphorylation. Importantly, these findings may reveal new molecular mechanisms underlying As3+-induced carcinogenesis.
Enhanced Catabolite Repression in Escherichia coli by Growth on Combined Substrates

Catabolite repression of 3-galactosidase formation in Escherichia coli ML30 is readily observed when cultures are grown aerobically in media containing glucose or gluconate as carbon and energy sources. If cultures growing exponentially under these conditions are transferred to an anaerobic environment, catabolite repression is temporarily abolished (M. Cohn and K. Horibata, J. Bacteriol. 78:624,1959; W. J. Dobrogosz, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 100:553, 1965). The results presented in this report show that the transition from aerobiosis to anaerobiosis does not completely abolish repression if the cultures are grown in medium containing a combination of glucose and gluconate. All procedures used in these experiments were essentially identical to those described elsewhere (W. J. Dobrogosz, Biochim, Biophys. Acta 100:553, 1965). As shown in Fig. 1, cultures growing on either glu-
Different effects of nasal and bronchial glucocorticosteroid administration on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Disorders of the upper respiratory tract, particularly allergic rhinitis, are commonly associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The latter may be due to postnasal drip or to mediator or chemotactic factors into the lower airways that either directly alter airway reactivity or cause airway inflammation. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of an identical dose of nasal or bronchial corticosteroid administration on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis. Eleven patients were studied. All of them were judged atopic on the basis of positive skin tests to common allergens. During control, spirometry, flow-volume curves, and specific airway conductance (SGaw) were measured. Bronchial challenges were then performed with increasing concentrations of carbachol, and dose-response curves were constructed. The concentration of carbachol that decreased SGaw by 35% from baseline (PD35) was determined by interpolating from the dose-response curve. Control measurements were repeated at 1-wk intervals to ensure that PD35 was stable in all the patients. Then the patients received for 2 wk, in a double-blind randomized crossover fashion, a topical administration of either an aerosol of 400 micrograms of beclamethasone dipropionate (B) into the nose (100 micrograms four times per day) or into the bronchi. During each trial period, identical sprays of placebo were used, the latter being administered into the nose when B was administered into the bronchi and vice versa. Measurements were then performed after 2 wk of intranasal administration and after 2 wk of intrabronchial administration. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Second Generation and the Use of the Internet: Communication and Friendship Structures of Young Turks in Vienna, Austria

How does new media and technology influence migrants and their children? Based on a sample population of young Austrians of Turkish descent, this research project links questions of identity creation and social networks of the second generation with the controversial discourse about the potential usefulness and risks of new media and technologies. i We investigate the Internet use of members of the second generation whose background is working-class differentiating between the consumption of information and entertainment technology and active involvement and creative work through gaming. Focusing on identity formation and friendship structures, our findings point to education as the key distinction between the young Austrians of Turkish descent who regularly engage online in creative high-threshold activities and those who use the Internet for low-threshold consumption purposes only.
Control for high momentary torque from vector-controlled induction machines

This paper assesses short-term induction motor torque capabilities and investigates field-weakening strategies to provide high momentary torque via vector controllers. Scalar controllers reduce voltage below the base speed to avoid magnetic saturation and do not completely utilize the available dc bus voltage. Vector controllers achieve decoupled control of torque and flux, and can use available dc bus voltage below the base speed without saturating the machine. Compared to maximum torque-per-ampere control, the study aimed to maximize momentary torque limited only by the dc bus voltage. Results for vector controllers show that field-oriented-controlled induction motor drives provide the highest peak torque capability at low speeds, whereas direct torque-controlled drives provide higher peak torque at high speeds. For the test machine, these controllers are shown to support up to 2.5 times the breakdown torque below a critical speed.
Mitochondrial factors in the utilization of sugars in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Cytoplasmic petite mutants, spontaneous and induced, show various patterns of ability υ. inability to utilize the sugars galactose, α-methylglucoside and maltose, depending on the strain from which they were isolated. Petites recombine and segregate their different sugar deficiencies among vegetative diploid progeny when crossed, indicating mitochondrial control. Crosses between petites and wild-type further indicate that mitochondrial factors may be interacting with nuclear factors in a complex regulatory system.
Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning Based on Different Epicardial Branching Patterns of the Left Coronary Artery in the Rabbit Heart

The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of increasing numbers of preconditioning cycles on the different branching patterns (bifurcation/trifurcation) of the coronary artery in the rabbit heart. Fifty-six NZW rabbits were assigned to a bifurcation group and subjected to 0, 1, 3, 5, or 7 (B0, B1, B3, B5, or B7 subgroup, respectively) cycles of preconditioning (PC) (5 min of regional ischemia plus 10 min of reperfusion/cycle) and this was followed by 45 min of sustained ischemia and 72 h of reperfusion; 16 rabbits were assigned to a trifurcation group and subjected to 0, 1, 3, or 5 (T0, T1, T3, or T5 subgroup, respectively) cycles of PC. The ratio of necrotic zone (NZ) to ischemic zone (IZ) was calculated. The bifurcation group showed higher mortality (28.6%) than the trifurcation group (0%). The volume of the ischemic zone (expressed as a percentage of volume of the left ventricle) and the volume of the necrotic zone were larger in the bifurcation group than in the trifurcation group. The ratio of the necrotic zone to the ischemic zone was significantly lower in the B5 and B7 subgroups than in the B0, B1, and B3 subgroups. In the trifurcation group, the ratio of the necrotic zone to the ischemic zone showed a diminishing tendency in the subgroups as the PC cycle number increased, but without statistical significance. Thus, in the trifurcation pattern of the rabbit coronary artery there could be little effect on preconditioning, but in the bifurcation pattern the number of preconditioning is recommended to be 5 to 7 cycles. In this regard, different branching patterns of the epicardial branching of the rabbit coronary artery should be considered when interpreting experimental results on ischemic preconditioning.
Enriching User Reviews Through An Opinion Extraction System

a de opiniones, contenidos generados por usuarios Abstract: Web sites based on User-Generated Content (UGC) have a potentially valuable applicability in a number of elds. In this work we carry out a study of the usefulness of these systems from the point of view of detecting the perception expressed by users about services or items. We have compiled and analyzed opin- ions shared by users on TripAdvisor focusing on two aspects: the structured and the unstructured data. We perform a quantitative and a qualitative analysis of the information extracted by an opinion extraction system from our dataset, being the last one especially interesting since it provides valuable knowledge about the strong and weak points of hotels according to user perceptions, going beyond the struc- tured data. Finally, we provide a study on the complementarity of the knowledge extracted from both, the textual opinions and the structured data, observing a no- ticeable increment of the amount of information available with the conjunction of both sources.
Yoga may improve asthma symptoms, Cochrane review finds

A Cochrane review has concluded that yoga “probably” improves quality of life and symptoms in people who have asthma. However, its effects on lung function and the use of medicines remain uncertain. The Cochrane researchers found 15 randomised controlled trials that looked at yoga and asthma, including 1048 men and women in total.1 Most of the trials were conducted in India, Europe, or the United States. Most of the participants had mild to moderate asthma lasting …
Pharmacological effects of extracts from Valeriana adscendens Trel. II. Effects on GABA uptake and amino acids

Methanolic and aqueous extracts from Valeriana adscendens (Valerianaceae), that previously demonstrated neuroleptic‐like properties, were studied for their effects on GABA uptake and amino acid neurotransmitter levels. The methanolic estract showed a significant effect in inhibiting GABA uptake and in decreasing the intracellular content of amino acid neurotransmitters in crude synaptosomes of rat. The data obtained could explain the neuroleptic activity of methanolic extract of the plant and confirm its traditional use. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subtle progesterone rise in the single-dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (cetrorelix) stimulation protocol in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles

A subtle rise in serum progesterone during the late follicular phase in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles is a frequent event that can decrease implantation and pregnancy rates in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocols that use a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and effect of the subtle progesterone rise during COH with single-dose GnRH antagonist in combination with clomiphene citrate (CC) and human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) in IVF or ICSI cycles. Ninety-five women undergoing COH with CC, hMG and a single 2.5 mg dose of the GnRH antagonist, cetrorelix, were enrolled in the study. Patients were grouped according to serum progesterone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (P < 1.2 ng/ml or P ≥ 1.2 ng/ml). The incidence of a subtle progesterone rise was 54.7% (52/95). The group with P ≥ 1.2 ng/ml had significantly higher serum levels of luteinizing hormone (p = 0.002) and estradiol (p < 0.001) on the day of hCG injection than the group with P < 1.2 ng/ml, and more oocytes were retrieved (p = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in fertilization, clinical pregnancy or implantation rate between the two groups. In conclusion, a subtle progesterone rise during the late follicular phase is common but not associated with pregnancy outcome.
Theoretical Model Describing the Relationship between the Number of Tackles in Which A Player Engages, Tackle Injury Risk and Tackle Performance.

The tackle is a physical contest between opposing players contending for territory and ball possession. During an 80 minute rugby union match, a player will physically engage in the tackle contest, whether as a ball-carrier or tackler, between 10 to 35 times depending on the position of the player (Deutsch et al., 2007; Quarrie and Hopkins, 2008). During a match, tight forwards (position numbers 1-5, who primarily compete in the set phases such scrums and lineouts) engage in the tackle approximately 10-25 times, loose forwards (position numbers 6-8, who mainly competes for possession of the ball at rucks and assist the tight forwards in set pieces) are involved in 25-35 tackles, inside backs (position numbers 9,10,12,13, whose key responsibility is to execute tactics and distribute the ball) competes in 20-25 tackles, and outside backs (position numbers 11,14,15, who are typically quicker and expected to run into open spaces to cross the advantage line and score points) engage in 10-15 tackles (Deutsch et al., 2007; Quarrie and Hopkins, 2008). It follows that a player requires a high level of skill, physical tolerance and resistance to fatigue to repeatedly engage safely and effectively in the tackle. Understanding the physical demands of a tackle is important with many applications. Examples of these applications include the design and development of proper training drills and equipment, planning and management of training and recovery between training sessions and matches. Also, a better understanding of the physical demands contributes to the implementation of strategies designed to reduce the risk of injury and enables replicating the event in the laboratory for research Recently, methods to estimate the magnitude of impact (energy distributed between ball-carrier and tackler upon contact) in real match tackle contests have been developed to further our understanding of the physical demands of the tackle contest (Hendricks et al., 2014). The physical demand of the tackle was determined by calculating the amount of energy distributed between the ball-carrier and tackler upon contact. This excess of energy may cause muscle damage and injury to the mus-culoskeletal system (Takarada, 2003). The estimated magnitudes of impact ranged from 902 joules (J) to 7608 J for front-on tackles, and 595 J to 6209 J for side-on tackles (Hendricks et al. 2014). Repeated exposure to these physical collisions during training and matches, and over a long competitive season may influence the injury risk profile and longevity of a player, and if …
Invasive pneumococcal infection in South and West England

Variation in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease across South and West England, in 1995, was measured through a survey of microbiology laboratories. A 100% response rate was achieved. The incidence by laboratory varied between 5·2 and 20·4 per 100000 catchment population (P<0·001). Adjusting for pneumococcal vaccine uptake rate in over 65 year olds, hospital admission rates, blood culture system used and for the age and sex structure of the population, did not account for this variation. When blood culture sampling rates were included in a logistic regression model, the variation between laboratories was much less and of lower statistical significance (P=0·019). Higher rates of blood culture sampling were associated with a higher incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease. Consistently high sampling should be encouraged because a higher diagnostic rate should result in more selective prescribing of antibiotics, and secondly because improved ascertainment of severe pneumococcal infections is a prerequisite for the evaluation of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.