Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A REVISION OF THE GENUS ARCHIDENDRON F. MUELL. (MIMOSACEAE)

1. The present paper is the author's second revision of the genus Archidendron. The validity of the genus is briefly discussed. 2. The genus has its centre of speciation in New Guinea. The number of species treated is 31, not counting a few insufficiently known species. A key is given to the species and varieties, which are described. 3. The following are new species or varieties: Archidendron affine De Wit, A. calliandrum De Wit, A. dies-Christi De Wit, A. nervosum De Wit, A. parviflorum var. longipes De Wit, and A. trifoliolatum De Wit. 4. New combinations are: Archidendron gogolense (K. Schum. & Laut.) De Wit (basonym: Hansemannia gogolense K. Schum. & Laut.) and A.lucyi var. schleohterii (Harms) De Wit (basonym: Archidendron schlechterii Harms).
Toxicity at the cellular level of artificial synthetic flavorings

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of artificial synthetic flavoring agents Cookie and Tutti-frutti. To this end, root meristem cells of Allium cepa L. were exposed to these substances in exposure times of 24 and 48 hours using individual doses of 0.3; 0.6 and 0.9 mL and doses combined as follows: 0.3 mL + 0.3 mL; 0.6 mL and 0.9 mL + 0.6 mL + 0.9 mL. After applying the treatments, root meristems were fixed, hydrolyzed, stained and analyzed a total of 5,000 cells using an optical microscope to evaluate each dose and combined treatment. All three doses of Cookie flavoring and combined treatments significantly inhibited cell division of the tissue studied. Doses of Tutti-Frutti caused no change in cell division rate. In addition, doses of both flavorings and treatments combining these solutions induced cell aberrations in a significant number of cells to the A. cepa system. Therefore, under these analytical conditions, Cookie flavoring and combined doses were cytotoxic and genotoxic, and Tutti-Frutti flavoring, although non-cytotoxic, demonstrated genotoxic action.
The Role Of TKS5 SH3 Domains In Invadopodia Development And Activity

One mechanism by which cancer cells metastasize is through the formation of actin-rich structures called invadopodia. Tks5 is a Src tyrosine kinase substrate and scaffolding protein necessary for invadopodia formation and associated extracellular matrix-remodeling activity. The purpose of this study is to appreciate how the five, protein binding SH3 domains of Tks5 impact its function. Here, Tks5 SH3 domain mutants were introduced into cancer cells to study invadopodia development and activity. Mutant Tks5 constructs were introduced into LNCaP cells to study effects on extracellular matrix degradation based on a microscopic in situ zymography assay. Then, mutant Tks5 constructs were introduced into invadopodia-competent Src-transformed fibroblasts in order to observe their localization by immunofluorescent microscopy. Tks5 constructs with mutations in any of the first three SH3 domains result in an enhancement of invadopodia activity in LNCaP cells while mis-localizing to lipid-rich endosomes in Src-transformed cells and inhibiting their ability to form invadopodia. The loss of invadopodia formation was attributed to a retention of Src kinase in perinuclear endosomes. Current experimentation is focused on elucidating the mechanisms behind the observed results with particular focus on the putative intra and intermolecular Tks5 interactions that would drive the invasive/metastatic behavior of cancer cells.
Reclassification of 21 Presumptive Canine Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (PNST) Using a Literature-Based Immunohistochemical Panel

Abstract The aim of this study was to re-evaluate archived samples of canine soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) morphologically consistent with peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs). In each case, an immunohistochemical panel was applied, including α-SMA, calponin, desmin, S-100, GFAP, NSE and Olig2, in order to assess whether the phenotype was consistent with the tumor histological appearance. Additionally, the expression of EGFR, a marker with potential therapeutic implications in malignant PNSTs, was evaluated. Twenty-one tumors were included. Fourteen cases (66.7%) were positive for one or more muscular markers and were reclassified as perivascular tumors (PWTs). A positive labeling for S-100 was observed in one tumor (4.8%), thus classifi ed as PNST. The other 6 tumors were generically classified as poorly differentiated STSs. No unique histopathological feature was observed within the three groups. NSE and Olig2 labeling was aspecific and not useful for diagnostic purposes. GFAP was negative in all cases. Six cases (28.6%) were positive for EGFR, including the PNST. Even after the application of a wide immunohistochemical panel, distinguishing between PNSTs and PWTs remains a challenge. Finally, a subgroup of cases cannot be classified based on light microscopy alone.
Time of day Heat Stress Response in Arabidopsis thaliana

DUAN, JIAQI. Time of day Heat Stress Response in Arabidopsis thaliana. (Under the Guidance of Dr. Colleen Doherty.) Abiotic stress presents a great threat to plant and crop health, and is one of the contributors to reduction in agricultural production. Heat stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that can inhibit normal plant growth and function. The circadian clock is an essential mechanism that regulates many major biochemical processes in higher order organisms including plants. There has been evidence to suggest that the circadian clock regulates abiotic stresses such as drought, cold and UVB in plants. Therefore, I examined how time of day modulates heat stress by comparing at the transcriptional profile in response to heat stress at two times of day in Arabidopsis thaliana using RNA sequencing analysis. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that many genes were activated by moderate heat stress in a time of day dependent manner, and generated different transcriptional expression patterns. Many genes known to respond to heat shock showed a response to heat both in the morning and at night, such as MBF1c. Those genes also included the majority of the heat shock proteins (HSPs) and other stress related proteins. Many of them had higher response in the morning to a different degree. There were also HSP genes that responded only to heat in the morning, such as the small HSP genes HSP21, HSP20, HSP18.2 and HSP17.6. Some of the heat shock proteins also had higher response at night to heat, such as HsfA7B and HSP40. Based on the results from RNA sequencing, the time of day did have an effect on how plants responded to heat stress. Plants responded to heat stress generated three major distinct transcriptional profiles. Some heat stress genes, particular the small HSP genes were gated in the morning. Some genes responded to heat stress at both times, with variation of levels at either dawn or dusk. Other genes seemed to be more gated towards evening. This experiment provided insight into how time of day affects plant responses to heat stress, and generated some preliminary evidences showing heat stress in Arabidopsis plants was time of day sensitive. Time of day Heat Stress Response in Arabidopsis thaliana
Seasonal dynamics and life cycle of Heterotrissocladius marcidus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in high altitude lakes (High Tatra Mts, Slovakia)

Abstract We estimated the seasonal dynamics and life cycle of the chironomid Heterotrissocladius marcidus (Walker, 1856) in three alpine lakes in the High Tatra Mountains (Central Europe). H. marcidus had univoltine cycle in all lakes surveyed and seasonal changes of density showed an early summer and an autumn peak interrupted by a mid-summer decline of larval abundance. Our results indicate that phenology of H. marcidus is sensitive to thermal regime and local differences in lake water temperature can lead to differences of the life history within the same population
Using a ‘network of practice’ approach to match grazing decision-support system design with farmer practice

The use of pasture measurement tools and decision-support systems (DSS) for grazing management remains limited on New Zealand dairy farms. However, effective use of such tools provides opportunities to optimise pasture grown and pasture harvested. The present study used a mixed-method qualitative research approach to investigate pasture data and technology use for grazing decision making, through interviews and workshops with farmers, rural professionals, commercial software developers and a panel of farming-system specialists. Results suggest that different drivers for use of pasture data and DSS exist between farm owner-operators and corporate farming operations. Larger multi-farm businesses are collecting pasture data for use at a governance level as well as for operational decision making. Understanding the seasonal influences on decision making, and incorporating major regional differences such as pasture growth rates and impact of irrigation use, provides guidance on how to better match DSS to farmer practice. Study participants identified a need for greater integration of software tools to connect in-paddock data capture with real-time feedback. Also, data integration is needed to enable the transfer of information across different platforms for corporate farming operations. Rural professionals used commercial grazing DSS products, but also constructed their own spreadsheets to enable functionality and reporting not available in the DSS products. The research highlighted a need for farmer-orientated tools that are flexible to incorporate differences in user goals, decision making, mobility and desired outputs. Key attributes identified were seasonality, simplicity, ability to trial before purchase, flexibility in application, scalability to match farm systems, and integration with other tools. Future research and design of DSS tools requires a focus on co-creation with farmers, to merge scientific and practical knowledge.
Wetland Restoration in the Mitigation Context

County, Arizona. University of Arizona Agricultura1 Experiment Station Technical Bulletin Number 87, Tucson, Arizona USA. Thacker, G. L. and J. Cox. In press. How to establish a permanent vegetation cover on farmland. Pima County Cooperative Extension, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Tilman, D. 1986. Nitrogen-limited growth in plants from different successional stages. Ecology 67: 555-563. Turner, R. M. 1974 . Map showing vegetation in the Phoenix area, Arizona. Map 1-845-I. Miscellaneous Investigations Series 1:250,000. United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA.
Nutritional Effect of Alpha-Linolenic Acid on Honey Bee Colony Development (Apis Mellifera L.)

Abstract Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), influences honey bee feed intake and longevity. The objective of this study was to research the effect of six dietary ALA levels on the growth and development of Apis mellifera ligustica colonies. In the early spring, a total of 36 honey bee colonies of equal size and queen quality were randomly allocated into 6 groups. The six groups of honey bees were fed a basal diet with supplementation of ALA levels at 0 (group A), 2 (group B), 4 (group C), 6 (group D), 8 (group E), and 10% (group F). In this study, there were significant effects of pollen substitute ALA levels on the feeding amounts of the bee colony, colony population, sealed brood amount, and weight of newly emerged workers (P<0.05). The workers’ midgut Lipase (LPS) activity of group C was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P<0.01). The worker bees in groups B, C, and D had significantly longer lifespans than those in the other groups (P<0.05). However, when the diets had ALA concentrations of more than 6%, the mortality of the honey bees increased (P<0.01). These results indicate that ALA levels of 2 ~ 4% of the pollen substitute were optimal for maintaining the highest reproductive performance and the digestion and absorption of fatty acids in honey bees during the period of spring multiplication. Additionally, ALA levels of 2 ~ 6% of the pollen substitute, improved worker bee longevity.
Internalisation mechanisms of the endoderm during gastrulation in the zebrafish embryo

During development, cells are progressively separated into distinct territories, delimited by embryonic boundaries. The first segregation event occurs during gastrulation, when the embryo is organised in three germ-layers, the ectoderm, the mesoderm and the endoderm. The molecular and cellular mechanisms ensuring this segregation have not yet been elucidated. During my PhD thesis, I have focused on the endoderm internalisation in the zebrafish embryo. Based on in vitro results, it has been suggested that germ-layer progenitors would be segregated by a passive cell sorting. Combining cell transplantation, live confocal microscopy and functional analyses, I have shown that endodermal cell internalisation actually results from an active migration process dependent on Rac1 and its effector Arp2/3, a direct regulator of actin. Strikingly, endodermal cells are not attracted to their internal destination but rather appear to migrate out of their neighbouring cells. This process is dependent on the Wnt/PCP pathway and N-cadherin. Furthermore, N-cadherin is sufficient to trigger the internalisation of ectodermal cells, without affecting their fate. Overall, these results lead to a new model of germ-layer formation, in which endodermal cells actively migrate out of the epiblast to reach their internal position.
Mechanisms of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by organic arsenic derivative S-dimethylarsino-glutathione (SGLU ; ZIO-101).

ZIO-101 is organic arsenic with similar anti-leukemia activity to arsenic trioxide (ATO) but much less toxicity. Consequently, ZIO-101 can be given at substantially higher doses than ATO and may be active in more diverse cancers than ATO. The precise anti-cancer mechanism of ZIO-101 is unknown: ZIO-101 increases intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in dose dependent manner, resulting in apoptosis of leukemic cells. Modifying intracellular ROS levels alters the ability of ZIO-101 to induce apoptosis. We focused on the 2 most important intracellular ROS generators, mitochondria and NADPH oxidase. Cells were treated with ZIO-101 and NADPH oxidase expression levels, membrane translocation and interactions of subunits were studied. Effects of modified NADPH oxidase levels on ZIO-101-induced ROS production were studied (diphenyleneiodonium [DPI], a specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, and SiRNA technique were used to inhibit enzyme function, while bryostatin-1, a specific activator of NADPH oxidase, was used to increase enzyme function). Mitochondrial DNA-depleted HL60 Rho-0 cells were also used to evaluate mitochondrial input to ROS-generation. Our data show that ZIO-101 activates NADPH oxidase. A low concentration of ZIO-101 (1uM) requires 14 h to significantly increase intracellular ROS levels and kill leukemic cell. This effect is strongly inhibited by DPI-pretreatment and is also seen in P47-SiRNA transfected HL60 cells. On the other hand, this A higher dose of ZIO-101 (4uM) increases ROS levels more rapidly (2-6 h). This early increase is not inhibited by DPI-pretreatment or SiRNA transfection. A 14 h but not 2-6 h increase in ROS is detectable in Rho-0 HL60 cells. These data indicate dose-dependent mechanisms of ZIO-101 induction of ROS: (1) 1uM ZIO-101 induces NADPH oxidase activity which results in ROS production detectable at 14 h ; there is no mitochondrial component ; (2) 4uM ZIO-101 disrupts mitochondrial function resulting in an earlier increase in ROS levels and subsequent apoptosis. effect is significantly enhanced in cells that have increased enzyme function. ROS-production in Rho-0 HL60 cells is unaffected by these interventions.
The abundance and composition of crabs (Decapoda) in Uta Ewa brackish water, Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria

Study on the abundance and composition of crabs in Uta Ewa brackish water was carried out between January and May 2012 at two sampling stations. The physicochemical parameters of the water were measured in situ using standard methods according to APHA (1998). Crabs species were collected at two sampling stations using square lift net trap, while at low tide, crab species were collected by hand-picking at random and preserved in a chest box for identification. Air and Water temperature ranges from 27.9-31.6 o C and 28.2-28.9 o C respectively, while Dissolved Oxygen and Salinity were between 3.28-4.09 mg/L and 7.5-12.9 ppt respectively. The results of the physicochemical parameters were within limits of the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agencies for aquatic life. A total of 107 crabs were collected from the two sampling stations. Goniopsis pelii was the most abundant in Station 1 accounting for 57.9%, followed by Callinectes amnicola 26.3%, while in Station 2, Callinectes amnicola was the most abundant accounting for 46.6% of the percentage abundance. Station 2 had the highest Shannon diversity index of 1.22, while Station 1 had 1.15. The abundance and composition of crab species in the study areas is an indication that the area is an important ecological zone for benthos macroinvertebrates conservation. Keywords : Uta Ewa, Brackish Water, Physicochemical Parameters, Abundance, Composition, Crab species,
Systematics of Diplodactylus (Squamata: Diplodactylidae) from the south-western Australian biodiversity hotspot: redefinition of D. polyophthalmus and the description of two new species

The Australian gecko genus Diplodactylus is characterised by morphologically similar but genetically divergent lineages and taxa. Recent molecular analysis indicated the presence of an undescribed Diplodactylus from the Geraldton Sandplain on the western coast of Australia, and a relatively deep divergence between populations of D. polyophthalmus on the Swan Coastal Plain (around Perth) and the Darling Range (inland and south of Perth). Here we present a more detailed investigation of genetic and morphological variation among these forms. The two genetically divergent populations of D. polyophthalmus do not differ appreciably in morphology but differ in dorsal colouration and ecology. Since the lectotype of D. polyophthalmus was collected from ‘Champion Bay’ (near Geraldton) and is in agreement with specimens collected from there, we redescribe this species and restrict its range to the coastal sandplain from Perth to Eneabba. The Darling Range population, regarded as typical D. polyophthalmus since Storr’s 1979 ressurrection, differs in that it is consistently darker with a rusty-brown colouration and occurs on hard surfaces such as laterite. As the lectotype of D. polyophthalmus refers to the coastal sandplain form, we describe the Darling Range form as a new species, D. lateroides sp. nov. Genetic and morphological evidence also confi rmed the existance of a highly divergent lineage that forms a polytomy with D. capensis and D. granariensis. This lineage, here described as Diplodactylus nebulosus sp. nov., has a restricted range, occurring from near Geraldton in the north to Mt Lesueur ~200 km to the south. Like its close genetic relatives, the new species has enlarged labial and supranasal scales, making it relatively easy to distinguish from the regionally sympatric D. ornatus and D. polyophthalmus. The conservation status of some species of Diplodactylus in south-western Australia need to be carefully considered, especially southern populations of the redefi ned D. polyophthalmus.
Spectral quality of photo-selective shade nettings improves antioxidants and overall quality in selected fresh produce after postharvest storage

ABSTRACT Growing vegetables under shade nets is currently becoming popular in summer to provide protection from high intensities of light. High temperatures and light quality affect postharvest quality and storage life of vegetables. Photo-selective shade netting technology is an emerging agro-technological concept that aims at the improvement of crop quality by the modification of spectral light and provides physical protection of the crop. Incorporation of various light-dispersive and reflective chromatic additives in the photo-selective nets is responsible for the modification of spectral quality, especially in the UV 200–400 nm, visible (400–700 nm), or far-red (FR; also known as “near infrared”; 705–740 nm) in the infrared region of the spectral region. Altered light-quality changes under the photo-selective nets were shown to improve the accumulation of phytochemicals and aroma compounds, and ultimately, the growth, yield, and quality of the selected vegetables such as tomatoes, sweet peppers, lettuce, and aromatic herbs. The postharvest quality of fresh produce is also influenced by environmental conditions such as light, average temperature, minimum temperature, and day-night temperature differences. During production, light quality under the photo-selective shade nets had a positive effect on the quality parameters and phytochemical content in fresh produce after postharvest storage. The review includes the use of photo-selective netting in protected agriculture as a preharvest tool to improve aroma volatiles, antioxidants, and overall quality of fresh produce after postharvest storage.
Understanding the phenylpropanoid pathway for agronomical and nutritional improvement of mungbean

ABSTRACT The phenylpropanoid pathway is an important diversified secondary or specialised metabolic route. It gives rise to various metabolites that regulate plant growth, metabolism, and plant–environment interactions. Genetic manipulations of the phenylpropanoid pathway have even improved the agronomy and nutritional status of plants. Irrespective of such explorations, this pathway has not been vastly investigated in legumes to date. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is the most commonly produced leguminous crop of Asia. It is an important source of plant protein that has been recommended over several animal proteins. Dry mungbean seeds as well as sprouts are a rich source of phenylpropanoids. Mungbean sprouts possess increased protein bioavailability and have higher antioxidant potential than dry seeds. The polyphenolic derivatives of the phenylpropanoid pathway in mungbean are responsible for their antioxidant potential. Hence, from this perspective, the present article reviews the agronomic and biochemical traits of mungbean with an emphasis on the phenylpropanoid pathway and derived metabolites.
Male and female gametophyte development of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.)

'Berel' is a blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea) cultivar selected in Russia. In this work we describe the development of the anther wall, tapetum and male and female gametophytes of 'Bere' by utilizing microscopy. Microspores after meiosis finally turned into three-cell mature pollen grains. Tapetal layers of blue honeysuckle belong to amoeboid tapetum, which initiates dissolution when microspores formed after meiosis, continues to decompose during the formation of binuclear pollen grains, and is basically absorbed in the stage of binuclear or three-nucleus pollen grains; at the same time, the middle layer disappears and exine is thickened and fiberized. Each nucellus only differentiates one archesporial cell. The female gametophyte is a polygonum-type embryo sac. Usually 20 ovules can be found in each ovary. Ovules in the middle part of the ovary need 9 days to develop from macrospore mother cell stage to mature embryo sac stage.