Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algunas fronteras de la Ley integral conta la violencia de género: jurisdicción de menores y mediación

espanolDespues de mas de 10 anos desde la publicacion de la Ley Organica de proteccion Integral contra la violencia de genero, Ley Organica 1/2004, son valiosos los resultados obtenidos, no solo a nivel judicial sino desde el punto de vista social, siendo esto asi la puesta en practica de dicha regulacion unida a las reflexiones acerca de su aplicabilidad a las cuestiones que de hecho se plantean han hecho aflorar algunas cuestiones problematicas que pueden suponer una quiebra de la citada efectividad de la ley. Sobre dos cuestiones puntuales trata el presente trabajo: la aplicabilidad de la Ley Organica 1/2004 a la violencia de genero ejercida por menores de edad penal, que estan sujetos a la llamada Jurisdiccion de menores, y por otro lado la estricta prohibicion de la LOPJ en torno al uso de la mediacion en los supuestos de violencia de genero. EnglishThe Spanish legislation on gender-based violence has gone over a long way through the past 10 years. Clearly, the development has been significant and with a valuable and practical efficiency. However, the years elapsed during its life have shown some issues regarding its enforcement. In this report, we focus on two of these issues: the fact that the mediation is not allowed in this area and the protection of victims attacked by a minor.
Immune Response of Galleria mellonella against Human Fungal Pathogens

In many aspects, the immune response against pathogens in insects is similar to the innate immunity in mammals. This has caused a strong interest in the scientific community for the use of this model in research of host⁻pathogen interactions. In recent years, the use of Galleria mellonella larvae, an insect belonging to the Lepidoptera order, has emerged as an excellent model to study the virulence of human pathogens. It is a model that offers many advantages; for example, it is easy to handle and establish in every laboratory, the larvae have a low cost, and they tolerate a wide range of temperatures, including human temperature 37 °C. The immune response of G. mellonella is innate and is divided into a cellular component (hemocytes) and humoral component (antimicrobial peptides, lytic enzymes, and peptides and melanin) that work together against different intruders. It has been shown that the immune response of this insect has a great specificity and has the ability to distinguish between different classes of microorganisms. In this review, we delve into the different components of the innate immune response of Galleria mellonella, and how these components manifest in the infection of fungal pathogens including Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Histoplasma capsulatum.
Prenatal Oral Health Care and Early Childhood Caries Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Despite the advancement of early childhood caries (ECC) prediction and treatment, ECC remains a significant public health burden in need of more effective preventive strategies. Pregnancy is an ideal period to promote ECC prevention given the profound influence of maternal oral health and behaviors on children’s oral health. However, studies have shown debatable results with respect to the effectiveness of ECC prevention by means of prenatal intervention. Therefore, this study systematically reviewed the scientific evidence relating to the association between prenatal oral health care, ECC incidence, and Streptococcus mutans carriage in children. Five studies (3 randomized control trials, 1 prospective cohort study, and 1 nested case-control study) were included for qualitative assessment. Tested prenatal oral health care included providing fluoride supplements, oral examinations/cleanings, oral health education, dental treatment referrals, and xylitol gum chewing. Four studies that assessed ECC incidence reduction were included in meta-analysis using an unconditional generalized linear mixed effects model with random study effects and age as a covariate. The estimated odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals suggested a protective effect of prenatal oral health care against ECC onset before 4 years of age: 0.12 (0.02, 0.77) at 1 year of age, 0.18 (0.05, 0.63) at 2 years of age, 0.25 (0.09, 0.64) at 3 years of age, and 0.35 (0.12, 1.00) at 4 years of age. Children’s S. mutans carriage was also significantly reduced in the intervention group. Future studies should consider testing strategies that restore an expectant mother’s oral health to a disease-free state during pregnancy.
High-Resolution Fast Ultrasound Imaging With Adaptive-Lag Filtered Delay-Multiply-and-Sum Beamforming and Multiline Acquisition

Multiline acquisition (MLA) is a well-established method for a high-frame-rate cardiac ultrasound imaging, which is commonly used in conjunction with delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming. The block-like artifacts that occur secondary to the use of MLA can be reduced using interpolation of the data acquired from adjacent transmitted beams—a method called synthetic transmit beamforming (STB). A recently proposed filtered delay-multiply-and-sum (F-DMAS) is a novel beamforming method, based on modified autocorrelation of the aperture data, which provides superior contrast resolution compared to the DAS beamforming. In this study, we demonstrate that a combination of the F-DMAS with the STB compensated MLA results in superior contrast as compared to both DAS beamformed STB and DAS beamformed single-line acquisition. Moreover, we propose a novel formulation for adaptive-lag F-DMAS that outperforms both DAS and F-DMAS in terms of contrast and lateral resolutions. The results are demonstrated in tissue-mimicking phantom and in human cardiac data.
Integration of Genetic Testing and Pathology for the Diagnosis of Adults with FSGS.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES FSGS and nephrotic syndrome studies have shown that single gene causes are more likely to be found in pediatric cases than adults. Consequently, many studies have examined limited gene panels in largely pediatric cohorts. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Whole-exome sequencing was performed in adults with FSGS diagnosed between 1976 and 2017 in the Toronto GN Registry. An expanded panel of 109 genes linked to FSGS, glomerular basement membrane abnormalities, as well as causes of pediatric ESKD including congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and nephronophthisis, were examined. RESULTS The cohort was composed of 193 individuals from 179 families. Nearly half (49%) developed ESKD at a mean age of 47±17 years. The genetic diagnostic rate was 11%. Of definitely pathogenic variants, 55% were in COL4A (A3/A4/A5), 40% were in podocyte genes, and 5% were in CAKUT genes. Many, but not all individuals with COL4A definitely pathogenic variants had some evidence of glomerular basement membrane abnormalities. The estimated mean survival/age of kidney failure for individuals with COL4A definitely pathogenic variants was 58 years (95% confidence interval, 49 to 69), far later than what has been reported in the literature. Likely pathogenic variants were identified in an additional 9% of the cohort, with most in COL4A. Correlation with glomerular basement membrane morphology suggested a causal role for at least some of these likely pathogenic variants. CONCLUSIONS Even with an expanded gene panel, we find that COL4A disorders are the leading monogenic cause in adults diagnosed with FSGS. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2019_01_15_CJASNPodcast_19_02_. mp3.
A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging

SUMMARY: Magnetic particle imaging is an emerging tomographic technique with the potential for simultaneous high-resolution, high-sensitivity, and real-time imaging. Magnetic particle imaging is based on the unique behavior of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles modeled by the Langevin theory, with the ability to track and quantify nanoparticle concentrations without tissue background noise. It is a promising new imaging technique for multiple applications, including vascular and perfusion imaging, oncology imaging, cell tracking, inflammation imaging, and trauma imaging. In particular, many neuroimaging applications may be enabled and enhanced with magnetic particle imaging. In this review, we will provide an overview of magnetic particle imaging principles and implementation, current applications, promising neuroimaging applications, and practical considerations.
A collection of barcoded natural isolates of Saccharomyces paradoxus to study microbial evolutionary ecology

While the use of barcoded collections of laboratory microorganisms and the development of barcode‐based cell tracking are rapidly developing in genetics and genomics research, tools to track natural populations are still lacking. The yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus is an emergent microbial model in ecology and evolution. More than five allopatric and sympatric lineages have been identified and hundreds of strains have been isolated for this species, allowing to assess the impact of natural diversity on complex traits. We constructed a collection of 550 barcoded and traceable strains of S. paradoxus, including all three North American lineages SpB, SpC, and SpC*. These strains are diploid, many have their genome fully sequenced and are barcoded with a unique 20 bp sequence that allows their identification and quantification. This yeast collection is functional for competitive experiments in pools as the barcodes allow to measure each lineage's and individual strains’ fitness in common conditions. We used this tool to demonstrate that in the tested conditions, there are extensive genotype‐by‐environment interactions for fitness among S. paradoxus strains, which reveals complex evolutionary potential in variable environments. This barcoded collection provides a valuable resource for ecological genomics studies that will allow gaining a better understanding of S. paradoxus evolution and fitness‐related traits.
Standard work-up of the low-risk kidney transplant candidate: a European expert survey of the ERA-EDTA Developing Education Science and Care for Renal Transplantation in European States Working Group.

Background Existing guidelines on the evaluation and preparation of recipients for kidney transplantation target the entire spectrum of patients with end-stage renal disease. Within the ERA-EDTA Developing Education Science and Care for Renal Transplantation in European States (DESCARTES) Working Group, it was proposed that in a subset of relatively young patients (<40 years) without significant comorbidities (such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease), the work-up for transplantation could be restricted to a small set of tests. Methods Aiming for agreement between transplant centres across Europe, we surveyed the opinion of 80 transplant professionals from 11 European states on the composition of a minimal work-up. Results We show that there is a wide agreement among European experts that the work-up for kidney transplantation of the low-risk candidate, as opposed to the standard risk candidate, could include a limited number of investigations. However, there is some disagreement regarding the small number of diagnostic procedures, which is related to geographical location within Europe and the professional background of respondents. Conclusions Based on the results of the survey, published guidelines and expert meetings by the DESCARTES Working Group, we have formulated a proposal for the work-up of low-risk kidney transplant candidates.
Reshapable hydrogel tissue expander for ridge augmentation: Results of a series of successive insertions at the same intraoral site.

BACKGROUND Oral mucosa expansion before ridge augmentation is a procedure to reduce soft tissue exposure and to improve bone graft density and volume after augmentation. This study explored a novel, shapeable hydrogel tissue expander (HTE) in intraoral sites that had undergone previous expansion and surgery. METHODS Nine beagle dogs had all premolar teeth extracted and adjacent alveolar bone reduced. After at least 3 months healing hydrogels were placed at 4 sites in each dog: maxilla and mandible, right and left. After 6 weeks of expansion, the hydrogels were removed and measured for volume expansion and physical condition. Punch biopsies were taken of the expanded oral mucosa. After 3 months, a second hydrogel insertion was performed at each of the same sites. After this second expansion cycle, volume and hydrogel condition were recorded. Three dogs received ultrasound imaging of the hydrogels during the second expansion. Necropsy specimens were taken of both expanded and non-expanded oral mucosa. RESULTS Within 2 weeks after HTE insertion in both first and second insertions, blood flow returned to the pre-insertion level. The first and second insertions resulted in linear oral mucosa gain of 8.13 mm, and 6.44 mm, respectively. First and second insertion hydrogels erupted from 4% of the first expansion sites, and 3% of the second expansion sites. There was no directional migration of the expanding hydrogel at any site. Histology found little inflammatory reaction to any hydrogel implant. CONCLUSION Oral mucosa can be consistently and successfully expanded before bone graft for ridge augmentation even at sites with a history of prior surgeries.
Different Relationship Between Systolic Blood Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion in Subjects With and Without Hypertension

Although there is an increasing agreement that hypertension is associated with cerebrovascular compromise, relationships between blood pressure (BP) and cerebral blood flow are not fully understood. It is not known what BP level, and consequently what therapeutic goal, is optimal for brain perfusion. Moreover, there is limited data on how BP affects hippocampal perfusion, a structure critically involved in memory. We conducted a cross-sectional (n=445) and longitudinal (n=185) study of adults and elderly without dementia or clinically apparent stroke, who underwent clinical examination and brain perfusion assessment (age 69.2±7.5 years, 62% women, 45% hypertensive). Linear models were used to test baseline BP-blood flow relationship and to examine how changes in BP influence changes in perfusion. In the entire group, systolic BP (SBP) was negatively related to cortical (&bgr;=−0.13, P=0.005) and hippocampal blood flow (&bgr;=-0.12, P=0.01). Notably, this negative relationship was apparent already in subjects without hypertension. Hypertensive subjects showed a quadratic relationship between SBP and hippocampal blood flow (&bgr;=−1.55, P=0.03): Perfusion was the highest in subjects with mid-range SBP around 125 mm Hg. Longitudinally, in hypertensive subjects perfusion increased with increased SBP at low baseline SBP but increased with decreased SBP at high baseline SBP. Cortical and hippocampal perfusion decrease with increasing SBP across the entire BP spectrum. However, in hypertension, there seems to be a window of mid-range SBP which maximizes perfusion.
What is the Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition? A Changing Ecosystem across Age, Environment, Diet, and Diseases

Each individual is provided with a unique gut microbiota profile that plays many specific functions in host nutrient metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against pathogens. Gut microbiota are composed of different bacteria species taxonomically classified by genus, family, order, and phyla. Each human’s gut microbiota are shaped in early life as their composition depends on infant transitions (birth gestational date, type of delivery, methods of milk feeding, weaning period) and external factors such as antibiotic use. These personal and healthy core native microbiota remain relatively stable in adulthood but differ between individuals due to enterotypes, body mass index (BMI) level, exercise frequency, lifestyle, and cultural and dietary habits. Accordingly, there is not a unique optimal gut microbiota composition since it is different for each individual. However, a healthy host–microorganism balance must be respected in order to optimally perform metabolic and immune functions and prevent disease development. This review will provide an overview of the studies that focus on gut microbiota balances in the same individual and between individuals and highlight the close mutualistic relationship between gut microbiota variations and diseases. Indeed, dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated not only with intestinal disorders but also with numerous extra-intestinal diseases such as metabolic and neurological disorders. Understanding the cause or consequence of these gut microbiota balances in health and disease and how to maintain or restore a healthy gut microbiota composition should be useful in developing promising therapeutic interventions.
Extracellular vesicles can act as a potent immunomodulators of human microglial cells

Functional impairments of microglia have been recently associated with several neurological conditions. Therefore, modulation of anti‐inflammatory and phagocytic properties of microglial cells could represent a novel therapeutic approach. In the present study, we investigated the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem cells from the dental pulp of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) on the inflammatory response and functional properties of immortalized human microglial cells. NFκB reporter assays demonstrated that EVs suppressed LPS‐induced activation of NFκB signalling pathway in human microglial cells. The effect was similar to that obtained with anti‐TLR4 blocking antibody. We also show that EVs differentially affected phagocytic activity of unpolarized (M0) and polarized (M1 and M2) microglial cells. EVs induced significant upregulation of phagocytic activity in M0 cells (by 39%), slight decrease in M1 cells, and moderate increase (by 21%) in M2 cells. The Seahorse XF Glycolysis Stress Test revealed that EVs induced an immediate and sustained increase of glycolytic activity in M0, M1, and M2 cells. Interestingly, EVs acted in an inverse dose‐dependent manner. These findings indicate that EVs can induce glycolytic reprogramming of unpolarized and polarized human microglial cells. In conclusion, our pilot study demonstrates that EVs derived from SHEDs can act as a potent immunomodulators of human microglial cells. These findings could be potentially exploited for the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting neuroinflammatory microglia.
Increasing Iron Status through Dietary Supplementation in Iron-Depleted, Sedentary Women Increases Endurance Performance at Both Near-Maximal and Submaximal Exercise Intensities.

BACKGROUND Iron deficiency persists as the most common micronutrient deficiency globally, despite having known detrimental effects on physical performance. Although iron supplementation and aerobic exercise have been examined individually and are known to improve physical performance, the impact of simultaneous iron supplementation and aerobic training remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the individual and combined effects of iron supplementation and aerobic training on improving maximal and submaximal physical performance in iron-depleted, nonanemic (IDNA) women. We hypothesized that women receiving iron would improve their endurance performance but not their estimated maximal oxygen consumption (eVO2max). METHODS Seventy-three sedentary, previously untrained IDNA (serum ferritin <25 µg/L and hemoglobin >110 g/L) women aged 18-26 y with a body mass index (kg/m2) of 17-25 participated in a double-blind, 8-wk, randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design including iron supplementation (42 mg elemental Fe/d) or placebo and aerobic exercise training (5 d/wk for 25 min at 75-85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate) or no training. Linear models were used to examine relations between training, supplement, and changes in the primary outcomes of observed maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and eVO2max and ventilatory threshold (absolute oxygen consumption and percentage of maximum). Re-evaluation of a published meta-analysis was used to compare effects of iron supplementation on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and VO2peak. RESULTS There were significant training-by-supplement interactions for VO2peak, volume of oxygen consumption at the ventilatory threshold, and the percentage of eVO2max where the threshold occurred, with the iron-untrained group performing better than the placebo-untrained group. There was no beneficial effect of iron supplementation for VO2max (mean difference: 0.53; 95% CI: -0.75, 1.81; P = 0.42), but a significant benefit was observed for VO2peak (mean difference: 1.87; 95% CI: 0.15, 3.60; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Iron supplementation increases endurance performance at submaximal and maximal (VO2peak) exercise intensities in IDNA women. However, increasing iron status does not increase eVO2max. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03002090.
MHY440, a Novel Topoisomerase Ι Inhibitor, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis via a ROS-Dependent DNA Damage Signaling Pathway in AGS Human Gastric Cancer Cells

We investigated the antitumor activity and action mechanism of MHY440 in AGS human gastric cancer cells. MHY440 inhibited topoisomerase (Topo) Ι activity and was associated with a DNA damage response signaling pathway. It exhibited a stronger anti-proliferative effect on AGS cells relative to Hs27 human foreskin fibroblast cells, and this effect was both time- and concentration-dependent. MHY440 also increased cell arrest in the G2/M phase by decreasing cyclin B1, Cdc2, and Cdc25c, and upregulating p53 and p73. MHY440 induced AGS cell apoptosis through the upregulation of Fas-L, Fas, and Bax as well as the proteolysis of BH3 interacting-domain death agonist and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. It also contributed to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The apoptotic cell death induced by MHY440 was inhibited by pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, indicating that apoptosis was caspase-dependent. Moreover, the apoptotic effect of MHY440 was reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent, as evidenced by the inhibition of MHY440-induced PARP cleavage and ROS generation via N-acetylcysteine-induced ROS scavenging. Taken together, MHY440 showed anticancer effects by inhibiting Topo I, regulating the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis through caspase activation, and generating ROS, suggesting that MHY440 has considerable potential as a therapeutic agent for human gastric cancer.