Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The development of a portable real-time display of voice source characteristics

The use of real time visual displays by speech and language therapists for the representation of voice source characteristics such as fundamental frequency (F0) and electrolaryngographically (Lx) derived vocal fold closed quotient (CQ) is now well established. This trend has been made possible by the widespread availability of fast computers and dedicated signal processing devices. However, many users of such equipment have expressed a need for a portable, battery operated device displaying F0 and CQ, not only for specific use by the therapist but also for the use by clients outside the usual clinical consultation where appropriate. At the University of York, we have developed a portable hand-held system based on the electrolaryngograph output waveform and a high performance microcontroller chip. The system can display graphically against time measures of f/sub 0/, larynx CQ and a normalised display of individual Lx cycles. The paper describes the development, implementation and basic operation of the voice analyser system.
An Analysis of Relationship between Industry Security Education and Capability: Case Centric on Insider Leakage

국가 상대로 한 국가기밀유출과 더불어 최근 산업 기술유출은 점점 늘어가고 유출의 범위가 기술유출 중심에서 정보통신, 전기전자, 방위산업, 전략물자 불법수출, 외국의 경제 질서교란, 지식재산침해 등 신 경제안보 분야로 다양화되는 추세로 유출 피해는 유출된 기업에 피해를 줄 뿐만 아니라 국가의 이익과 국내 산업 전반에 영향을 끼칠 수 있다. 국가정보원 산업기밀 보호센터 통계에 따르면, 기술유출의 주된 원인은 해킹과 악성코드와 같이 외부에 의한 것뿐 아니라 전 현직직원 등 내부유출이 약 80%를 차지하며, 협력업체 의한 기술유출이 뒤를 이어 금전유혹과 개인의 이익으로 인한 기술유출이 계속해서 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 그러나 그간의 연구들은 핵심자산 유출을 방지하기 위하여 기업의 보안역량을 측정하거나, 관리를 위한 측정지표를 개발하는 연구가 주를 이루고 있었으며, 가장 핵심이 되는 기업구성원들의 보안활동에 대한 기초연구가 미흡한 상황이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 보안 활동에 가장 기초가 되는 보안교육이 기업의 보안역량에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 보안교육은 보안역량에 양(+)의 상관관계를 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 【Current leakage of industrial technologies with revealing state secret against nation is gradually increasing and scope of the spill is diversified from technology-oriented leakage to new economic security sector like information and communication, electrical and electronic, defense industry, illegal export of strategic material, economic order disturbance by foreign country, infringement of intellectual property, etc. So the spill damage can affect not only leaked company but also national interests and entire domestic industry. According to statistics from National Industrial Security Center of National Intelligence Service, a major cause of technology leakage is not only by external things about hacking and malignant code, but internal leakage of former and current employees account for about 80%. And technology leakage due to temptation of money and personal interests followed by technology leakage of subcontractor is steadily increased. Most studies in the field of security have tended to focus on measuring security capability of company in order to prevent leakage core assets or developing measurement Indicators for management rather than security activities of the company members that is most important. Therefore, this study analyzes the effect of most underlying security education in security activities on security capabilities of enterprise. As a result, it indicates that security education have a positive(+) correlation with security capabilities. 】
The biplanar oncoplastic technique case series: a 2-year review.

BACKGROUND Oncoplastic techniques for breast reconstruction following partial mastectomy are now commonly included in the armamentarium of most reconstructive plastic surgeons. These techniques have been frequently used for women with large breast volume and less frequently used form women with small to moderate breast volume. Most women with smaller breast volumes have been typically considered for mastectomy. As an alternative to mastectomy, the biplanar technique was designed and described as an oncoplastic option. The purpose of this manuscript is to review our 2-year experience using this technique in a series of women with small to moderate breast volume. METHODS A retrospective review of patients who underwent oncoplastic surgery from 2011-2012 by the senior authors (RM and MYN) was completed. Ten patients were identified that had the biplanar technique involving glandular tissue rearrangement in conjunction with the immediate placement of a submuscular implant or tissue expander. Patient demographics, perioperative details, and post-operative outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS The mean age and BMI of the ten patients in the study was 56 years (range, 40-68 years) and 24.1 years (range, 20.3-28.6 years) respectively. The mean resection volume was 76.5 g (range, 25-164 g). Eight patients had placement of a permanent implant and two patients had placement of a tissue expander. The average volume of the implanted devices was 138 cc (range, 90-300 cc). In eight patients, a sheet of acellular dermal matrix was used. Immediate biplanar reconstruction was performed in seven patients and a staged-immediate biplanar reconstruction was performed in three patients. Complications included a positive margin on final pathology requiring mastectomy (n=1), infection (n=1), incisional dehiscence following radiation (n=1), and loss of nipple sensation (n=2). Follow-up ranged from 4.5-27 months (mean of 19.5 months). CONCLUSIONS The biplanar oncoplastic technique may represent a valuable option in women with small to moderate breast volumes that choose to have breast conservation therapy (BCT). This technique has demonstrated success with minimizing contour irregularities and maintaining breast volume. Based on our early experience, patient satisfaction is favorable.
IS THE COST OF CAPITAL AN IMPORTANT DETERMINANT OF MARKET PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANKS IN BANGLADESH

This paper empirically estimates the weighted average cost of capital for twenty four commercial banks in Bangladesh that are listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange considering the period between January, 2006 and December, 2008. Attempts are made to examine what kind of relationship exists between cost of capital and stock market returns of private commercial banks in Bangladesh, and to what degree the returns on stocks can be explained by their respective cost of capital for the same period of time. Using statistical measures like, correlation and regression analyses, we find that a strong negative correlation is emerging between the cost of capital of commercial banks and their respective market returns as the capital market in Bangladesh is becoming more vibrant and efficient. The results also show that for the majority of the banks that are listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange the variation in the returns on stocks can be strongly explained by the variation of their respective cost of capital by the end of 2008. Therefore, our findings suggest that banks should try to lower their respective cost of capital in order to increase their market returns.
Hepatorenal Syndrome and Hyponatremia

• Hyponatremia and hepatorenal syndrome are complications that occur in patients with cirrhosis and ascites and represent a stage of “further” decompensation of cirrhosis • Worsened vasodilatation with consequent non-osmotic release of arginine-vasopressin and renal vasoconstriction are the main pathogenic mechanism for hyponatremia and hepatorenal syndrome, respectively • Both hyponatremia and hepatorenal syndrome portend a poor prognosis in the patient with cirrhosis and ascites • Main therapy of hyponatremia consists of AVP receptor antagonists • Main therapy of hepatorenal syndrome consists mainly of vasoconstrictors • Both therapies are considered “bridge’ therapies to liver transplantation
Diversification of Transmission Modes and the Evolution of Mutualism

In order for mutualism to evolve, some force must align the interests of the two interacting partners. Vertical transmission can fill this role, but it is still unknown whether mutualism can be stable when vertically transmitted symbionts can evolve toward horizontal transmission. In this article, we investigate how symbionts’ transmission mode and virulence should evolve, depending on the relationship between these two traits. We show that pathogens that reduce their host’s fecundity can have more complex evolutionary dynamics than those that increase mortality. In some cases, runaway evolution of virulence can drive the host population extinct. In most cases, evolutionary branching results in the differentiation of avirulent, vertically transmitted symbionts from virulent, contagious pathogens. The population of symbionts then becomes polymorphic, and because the least virulent symbionts are the most frequent, the average virulence of symbionts is much lower than it would be in a monomorphic population. When the link between transmission and virulence results from correlated mutational changes and not from fixed constraints, vertically transmitted symbionts do not simply lose virulence; they evolve toward mutualism. We show that the force that stabilizes mutualism in such situations is the competition for transmission between symbionts.
The relationship between strategic purchasing and customer satisfaction within a total quality management environment

Notes that despite a considerable amount of literature on the impact of strategic purchasing and TQM on organizational performance, empirical evidence of the dynamic link is not easy to find. Examination of current literature identifies confusing definitions of strategic purchasing and TQM processes and the relationship to customer satisfaction. Analysis of a large random sample of manufacturing companies in Australia tests the strength of the relationship between strategic purchasing and customer satisfaction. Considering the literature, a conceptual, wider theoretical framework, together with a strategic purchasing construct and strategic purchasing framework are presented. Reports an empirical investigation on the effect of strategic purchasing variables on customer satisfaction. Presents initial results that suggest strategic purchasing may play a role in customer satisfaction and makes recommendations for future research.
Plasma alpha-tocopherol is negatively correlated with hepatocyte apoptosis in chronic hepatitis B patients.

AIM Hepatocyte apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, while at the same time oxidative stress plays an important role in liver cell damage. This prompted us to evaluate the possible relationship between hepatocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress in patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS CHB patients were placed in groups A (ALT >40 IU/L) and B (ALT <or=40 IU/L). Healthy controls were considered as group C (all ALT <or=40 IU/L). Serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined and liver cell apoptosis was evaluated by using terminal deoxynucleotydil transferase-mediated d-UTP biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA did not differ between groups. alpha-Tocopherol was significantly decreased in groups A (p<0.01) and B (p<0.05) when compared with group C and it was negatively correlated with the apoptosis index (r=-0.575, p<0.01). CONCLUSION Only the plasma concentration of alpha-tocopherol rather than the other oxidative stress markers changed significantly in patients with normal alanine aminotransferase levels (ALT <40 IU/L) when compared with healthy controls and correlated significantly with the apoptosis index, suggesting that alpha-tocopherol may be a possible marker to reflect liver cell damage, especially in the absence of serum aminotransferase elevation.
Corporate Governance and the Role and Responsibility of Board of Directors in India with Special Focus on Independent Directors

With the fiasco of Satyam and Sahara in India and the Enron, Worldcom, Permalet, the multinational newspaper group Hollinger Inc. Newyork Stock Exchange and many more debacles in the world, there is a need to pay more attention on the quality of corporate governance. The role and responsibilities of Board of Directors has emerged as an important issue in examining the causes of collapses. This has created much debate on what actually is the role of directors in directing and managing their companies. Though Cadbury Committee on Corporate Governance submitted their report in December 1992 but nothing significant as far as concepts, regulations and their implementations are concerned has changed despite of globalization of businesses and increase in public participation in stock markets. This is the right time to review the role of board of directors and to overhaul the corporate governance in the country.This paper makes a modest attempt to examine the role of boards of directors in light of institutional contingencies and recent best practice governance, guidelines and regulations such as the United Kingdom Higgs Review and the United States Sarbanes-Oxlay Act 2002. Special attention has been paid to discuss the role and responsibility of independent directors and implications for corporate governance innovation. It concludes by posing questions about recent corporate governance transformations and providing suggestions on appropriate roles and responsibilities that should be enshrined to independent directors. In addition to this, a mechanism of how independent directors should be selected has been suggested.
Institutional Relations Social Organizations

The development of modern civilization is characterized by economic space expansion, defined as the social sector, where market mechanisms do not function or do not function efficiently. Therefore an active state participation is required. This participation is aimed at economic balance between demand and supply of public goods. In Russia 60% of GDP is presented by service sector, including the social sector, which is owned mainly by the state. At that the management of this sector is not based on dirigisme but on market mechanisms. The article presents the main results of the historical analysis of economic schools development, dealing with social problems. The need of an institutional base for social management using a systematic approach is substantiated on the basis of comparative analysis. The results of systematic approach implementation propose a social structure in Russia, define the basic institutional relations, some characteristics and the patterns of its development.
Effectiveness of Nurse-Driven Inhaler Education on Inhaler Proficiency and Compliance Among Obstructive Lung Disease Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Background Health education on proper inhaler usage is the most feasible and accessible strategy to increase inhaler effectiveness. Purpose To assess the impact of nurse-driven inhaler education on the compliance and proficiency of using inhalers among inhaler users. Methods This single-center, quasi-experimental study included the implementation of an individualized 60-min educational session on inhalers use. Health education and pretest and posttest outcomes were assessed by the Inhaler Proficiency Schedule and Patient Reported Behaviour tools. Results One hundred and twenty-one participants joined the study. At pretest, participants showed inadequate knowledge of general inhaler use. No previous training had been received by participants and difficulty with use and complications from using the inhalers were reported. At posttest, participants reported improvement in inhaler proficiency scores from 5.72 to 8.60 (t = 17.99, df = 220, p < 0.001). Likewise, they showed a significant reduction towards the noncompliant behaviors from 15.21 to 11.19 (t = 16.388, df = 238, p < 0.001). Conclusions Nurse-driven inhaler education yielded positive outcomes in both inhaler proficiency and compliance. The patients' assessment of using inhalers is crucial to determine the patients' educational deficits.
The Significance of the Relationship between Actinians and Zooxanthellae

1. Actinia equina and Anemonia sulcata are two anemones which respectively lack and possess symbiotic algae. If kept for several months in complete darkness Actinia retains its colour and Anemonia becomes white through loss of its algae. 2. Such alga-free Anemonia will continue to live in a healthy condition if supplied with solid food and sufficient dissolved oxygen. 3. In darkness the oxygen consumption of Actinia is lower than that of either normal or alga-free Anemonia about half that of the latter. 4. In daylight the photosynthetic activity of the algae is more than sufficient to meet the needs of normal Anemonia , so that oxygen is added to the water. 5. The phosphate excretion of Actinia is about half as much as that alga-free Anemonia and the phosphate excretion of neither is appreciable affected by change from darkness to light. 6. In daylight the phosphate excretion of normal Anemonia is less than that of alga-free Anemonia . There is a great reduction of phosphate excretion by normal Anemonia in darkness. 7. Apparently the alga benefits from the association by using the anemone as a source of phosphorus, the extent of phosphate utilization being diminished during photosynthesis. 8. Presumably the Anemonia benefit by insurance against oxygen starvation when isolated in small pools of stagnant water during daylight.
Exploring the Principal Factors Influencing IPOs in the Emerging Growth Enterprise Market of China

A successful IPO is determined by many different factors across listing markets. Identifying the principal factors and satisfying with them are prerequisites for an IPO firm. The purpose of this study is through Principal Factor Analysis to investigate these determinants in the emerging Growth Enterprise Market of China. Based on a sample of the initial 243 IPOs in the market over 2009-2011 period, this study shows the five factors — firms size, profitability, growth rate, IPO volume, and dividend rate are the most significant factors for a successful IPO in the market.
1998 Presidential Address: Our Shrinking Earth

The Academy's membership has been changing. Perhaps the most significant change has been the increase in members who live outside the United States. Non-U.S. membership has been increasing more rapidly than U.S. membership since at least 1980. Figure 1 shows the numbers of U.S. and nonU.S. members since 1980. Throughout the 1980s, U.S. membership was increasing about 5 percent per year, while non-U.S. membership was increasing about 8 percent per year. The increase in U.S. membership decelerated in 1990, and since 1994, the average rate of change has been slightly negative. At the same time, the increase in non-U.S. members rose to 15 percent in 1990 and 1991, and it has averaged over 11 percent since 1991. Obviously, no one knows what the future holds. As the great physicist Niels Bohr is said to have observed, "Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future. " However, by amplifying the recent trends, an extrapolation into the future can help us to appreciate their character. Figure 2 extrapolates the last 5 years. If recent trends continue for only a few more years, more than half of the Academy's members will be living outside the United States. The Academy is becoming an international organization. Growth in non-U.S. membership has not been a result of explicit strategies. It has occurred spontaneously, and not until recently did it even come to the attention of the Academy's Board of Governors. Non-U.S. membership seems to be what Andrew Grove has labeled "Segment O"-a new market that rises unnoticed until it grows rather significant. Basically, the earth is shrinking, and this shrinkage is causing the Academy's world to expand. One cause of this shrinkage has been the development of management schools around the world; over the last two decades, many more nations have come to view management as a topic worthy of distinct study. A second cause of shrinkage has been a decline in air fares; it has become cheaper and cheaper to cross oceans. A third cause is the Internet; our domains for professional interaction have expanded from the colleagues in
Determiners of Consumer Trust Towards Electronic Commerce: An Application to Puerto Rico

Electronic commerce is the new technology that companies use to offer a variety of their products and services at low prices to consumers. Consumers exist that ask just how safe it is to give personal information at the time of making a commercial transaction. This research was geared towards determining possible factors that are most relevant and that affect the consumer’s trust when using electronic commerce and what their perception is related to this. Issues such as, security, privacy, risk, experience using Internet, and the website quality were explored and a Trust model was applied. Two hundred (200) questionnaires were collected a private university. The results showed that significant differences exist among consumers with high and low perceived security, perceived privacy, perceived risks, and the perception of website quality. However, the factor of experience using the Internet showed that no significant difference exists in consumer trust towards electronic commerce. The study suggests that virtual businesses should adopt innovative strategies in their infrastructure.
Customers’ perception of restaurant service quality : evidence from Malaysia / Voon Boo Ho ... [et al.]

Restaurant plays a key role in attracting tourists and hence contributes significantly to a country’s economy. Restaurant service quality should therefore be well managed and sustained to ensure continuous and increased patronage. In this respect, the determinants and consequences of restaurant service quality need to be well understood. This paper presents the customers’ perception of restaurant service quality for a sample of 342 restaurant customers in Malaysia. The results showed that customers were generally satisfied with the service quality, price and variety of food. Reliability received the highest ratings followed by tangibles and responsiveness. Restaurants serving Western cuisine were rated better than the restaurants serving local food. Customer-perceived restaurant service quality was significantly correlated with the customer satisfaction and loyalty. Age and ethnic background did not affect perception of foodservice quality whereas gender influenced perceptions of food variety and overall satisfaction.
Atomic structure of an αβ T cell receptor (TCR) heterodimer in complex with an anti‐TCR Fab fragment derived from a mitogenic antibody

Each T cell receptor (TCR) recognizes a peptide antigen bound to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule via a clonotypic αβ heterodimeric structure (Ti) non‐covalently associated with the monomorphic CD3 signaling components. A crystal structure of an αβ TCR‐anti‐TCR Fab complex shows an Fab fragment derived from the H57 monoclonal antibody (mAb), interacting with the elongated FG loop of the Cβ domain, situated beneath the Vβ domain. This loop, along with the partially exposed ABED β sheet of Cβ, and glycans attached to both Cβ and Cα domains, forms a cavity of sufficient size to accommodate a single non‐glycosylated Ig domain such as the CD3ϵ ectodomain. That this asymmetrically localized site is embedded within the rigid constant domain module has implications for the mechanism of signal transduction in both TCR and pre‐TCR complexes. Furthermore, quaternary structures of TCRs vary significantly even when they bind the same MHC molecule, as manifested by a unique twisting of the V module relative to the C module.