Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of pattern of some common infections in children one month to five years of age

Background: Understanding the causes of child mortality provides important public health insights. Globally 6.9 million deaths in children under-5 occurred in 2011. The objective of the present study was to study the pattern of some common infections in children one month to five years of ageMethods: Observational descriptive study was conducted at Department of Paediatric from July 2012 to June 2013 among 368 randomly selected children. Standard diagnostic criteria for Respiratory tract infection, Diarrhea, Tuberculosis, Urinary tract infection, Malaria, Enteric fever, Measles, Pyoderma, Parasitic infections was followed for all children.Results: Respiratory tract infection and Diarrhea occurred most frequently in 7 to 24 month of child that was 82 (51.9%) and 53 (58.2%), respectively. Stool examination in Parasitic infestation showed that Amoeba 1 (7.1%), Giardia 1 (7.1%), Ascariasis 6 (42%), and Hookworms were 6 (42%) in total of 14 cases. Anemia was present in URI, Tuberculosis, Malaria, and Parasitic infestation with mean hemoglobin (Hb) ranges from 8.6 to 9.2. Mantoux showed that 20 (87%) cases had mantoux > 10 mm. Malarial species found were Vivax (16, 66.7%). Respiratory tract infection occurred mostly in winter season.Conclusions: Most common infections in children 1 month to 5 years of age was Respiratory tract infection followed by diarrhea, enteric fever, malaria, tuberculosis, urinary tract infection, parasitic infection, measles and pyoderma.
Cross-sectional and prospective follow-up study to detect early signs of cardiac dysfunction in obesity: protocol of the CARDIOBESE study

Introduction In view of the increasing occurrence of both obesity and heart failure, a growing overlap of these two clinical entities in the near future is expected. Significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiological consequences of obesity for the cardiovascular system have been made over the past two decades. However, to optimise management and treatment of obesity patients, further research is required to improve early identification of cardiac dysfunction in obesity and to gain insight in the underlying pathophysiology. The CARdiac Dysfunction In OBesity – Early Signs Evaluation (CARDIOBESE) study has been designed to address these issues. Methods and analysis CARDIOBESE is a cross-sectional multicentre study of 100 obesity patients scheduled for bariatric surgery (body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m2) without known cardiovascular disease, and 50 age-matched and gender-matched non-obese controls (BMI <30 kg/m2). Echocardiography, blood and urine biomarkers and Holter monitoring will be used to identify parameters that are able to show cardiac dysfunction at a very early stage in obesity patients (primary objective). Furthermore, a prospective follow-up study of obesity patients before and 1 year after bariatric surgery will be done to gain insight in the pathophysiology of obesity causing cardiac dysfunction (secondary objective). Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee Toetsingscommissie Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Rotterdam e.o. (TWOR). Inclusion of patients and controls is almost complete. Analyses of the investigations are currently being performed, and dissemination through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations is expected from the first quarter of 2019. By identifying early markers of cardiac dysfunction in obesity, and by understanding the underlying pathophysiology of the abnormalities of these markers, the CARDIOBESE study may provide guidance for risk stratification, monitoring and treatment strategies for obesity patients.
Effect of low-dose X-rays on the liver of whole-body irradiated rats

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of whole-body low-dose radiation (10 cGy of 6 MV x-rays) given prior to a challenging dose of 2 Gy x-rays on adaptive response in the liver of rats Material and methods: Rats were either irradiated with 10 cGy, 2 Gy or 10 cGy 24 h prior to 2 Gy (10 cGy–2 Gy irradiated). Liver samples were analyzed for apoptosis, caspase-3, Bcl-2, by flow cytometry. DNA damage was determined by alkaline comet assay. The protein damage, lipid damage, and expression of endogenous antioxidants, Il-1β, Il-6, and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. Results: An increase in apoptosis paralleled with increase in DNA damage and expression of Il-1β, Il-6, and TNF-α, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation were detected in all irradiated groups. The irradiated rats with 10 cGy–2 Gy and the 2 Gy-irradiated showed the highest effect. The increase in oxidative damage of protein and lipid was accompanied with depletion of endogenous antioxidants. In all cases, the10 cGy–2 Gy irradiated group showed similar or higher effect than the 2 Gy-irradiated group. Conclusions: Under the present experimental conditions, There is no evidence that 10 cGy-irradiation protected the liver cells against a subsequent higher dose. The significant effect of 10 cGy-irradiation emphasizes the low-dose radiation-associated risk.
A Review of Demographic Trends for Texas and the United States

This article provides a review of current and future demographic trends for Texas and the nation including the ongoing discrepancy between enrollment and retention/completion. Students entering postsecondary education embody Amer- ica’s growing diversity in language, ethnicity, age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, ability, and socioeconomic status. Demographic research findings support the importance of the role played by developmental educators in continuing to address the changing needs of students. Recommendations include the need for K-12 and postsecondary developmental educators to continue collaborating on college readiness initiatives, academic support services including career pathway advising, better alignment between 2- and 4-year institutions, developing cultural competence, and continuing research to improve support of underserved and diverse student populations.
CE: Addressing Food Insecurity in Vulnerable Populations.

: Food insecurity affects people of all ages, in every area in which nurses work or volunteer. The U.S. Department of Agriculture describes food insecurity as the lack of "consistent, dependable access to adequate food for active, healthy living. " The health effects of food insecurity include, but are not limited to, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, low birth weight, depression, and anxiety. Food insecurity is associated with single parenthood, low socioeconomic status, having three or more children, having low educational attainment, being a member of a racial or ethnic minority, renting a home, living in a city, and having a disabled household member. Veterans and military families; college students; members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community; and immigrants have also been identified as at elevated risk. The American Academy of Pediatrics, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, and AARP have called for innovative programs and universal screening tools to identify those who are experiencing or are at risk for food insecurity and connect them to available resources. In addition to screening patients for food insecurity and intervening on their behalf, nurses play a vital role in advocating for food-insecure families and supporting community involvement.
Cost–utility and value‐of‐information analysis of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

A recent systematic review found early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) to be safe and to shorten total hospital stay compared with delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) for acute cholecystitis. The cost‐effectiveness of ELC versus DLC for acute cholecystitis is unknown.
Brain networks' functional connectivity separates aphasic deficits in stroke

Objective To investigate whether different language deficits are distinguished by the relative strengths of their association with the functional connectivity (FC) at rest of the language network (LN) and cingulo-opercular network (CON) after aphasic stroke. Methods In a group of patients with acute stroke and left-hemisphere damage, we identified 3 distinct, yet correlated, clusters of deficits including comprehension/lexical semantic, grapheme-phoneme knowledge, and verbal executive functions. We computed partial correlations in which the contributions of a behavioral cluster and network FC of no interest were statistically regressed out. Results We observed a double dissociation such that impairment of grapheme-phoneme knowledge was more associated with lower FC of the LN within the left hemisphere than lower FC of the CON, whereas verbal executive deficits were more related to lower FC of the CON than the LN in the left hemisphere. Furthermore, the specific association between language deficits and FC was independent of the amount of structural damage to the LN and CON. Conclusion These findings indicate that after a left-hemisphere lesion, the type of language impairment is related to the abnormal pattern of correlated activity in different networks. Accordingly, they extend the concept of a neuropsychological double dissociation from structural damage to functional network abnormalities. Finally, current results strongly argue in favor of the behavioral specificity of intrinsic brain activity after focal structural damage.
Oil degradation and biosurfactant production by the deep sea bacterium Dietzia maris As-13-3

Recent investigations of extreme environments have revealed numerous bioactive natural products. However, biosurfactant-producing strains from deep sea extreme environment are largely unknown. Here, we show that Dietzia maris As-13-3 isolated from deep sea hydrothermal field could produce di-rhamnolipid as biosurfactant. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the purified di-rhamnolipid was determined to be 120 mgL−1, and it lowered the surface tension of water from 74 ± 0.2 to 38 ± 0.2 mN m−1. Further, the alkane metabolic pathway-related genes and di-rhamnolipid biosynthesis-related genes were also analyzed by the sequencing genome of D. maris As-13-3 and quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), respectively. Q-PCR analysis showed that all these genes were induced by n-Tetradecane, n-Hexadecane, and pristane. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report about the complete pathway of the di-rhamnolipid synthesis process in the genus Dietzia. Thus, our study provided the insights into Dietzia in respects of oil degradation and biosurfactant production, and will help to evaluate the potential of Dietzia in marine oil removal.
Untapped Resources: 10- to 13-Year-Old Primary Schoolchildren’s Views on Additional Physical Activity in the School Setting: A Focus Group Study

Schools are considered ideal venues to promote physical activity (PA) in children. However, a knowledge gap exists on how to adequately integrate PA into the school day and in particular, on the preferences of children regarding additional PA in school. Therefore, the aim of our qualitative study was to gain comprehensive insight into 10–13-year-old primary schoolchildren’s perspectives on how to increase PA in the school setting. We conducted nine focus groups (32 girls and 20 boys) with children attending the final two grades of primary school in the Netherlands. We used inductive thematic analysis to analyze the data. The results showed that children were enthusiastic about additional PA in school. Children suggested various ways to increase PA, including more time for PA in the existing curriculum, e.g., physical education (PE), recess, and occasional activities, such as field trips or sports days; school playground adaptation; improving the content of PE; and implementing short PA breaks and physically active academic lessons. Children emphasized variation and being given a voice in their PA participation as a prerequisite to keep PA enjoyable and interesting in the long term. Finally, children mentioned the role of the teacher and making efforts to accommodate all children and their different preferences as important. Children have concrete ideas, acknowledging the challenges that accompany integrating additional PA in school. We therefore recommend actively involving children in efforts to increase school-based PA and to make “additional PA in school” a shared project of teachers and students.
Clinical and genetic associations of renal function and diabetic kidney disease in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study

Objectives Within the Emirati population, risk factors and genetic predisposition to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have not yet been investigated. The aim of this research was to determine potential clinical, laboratory and reported genetic loci as risk factors for DKD. Research design and methods Four hundred and ninety unrelated Emirati nationals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were recruited with and without DKD, and clinical and laboratory data were obtained. Following adjustments for possible confounders, a logistic regression model was developed to test the associations of 63 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 43 genetic loci with DKD (145 patients with DKD and 265 without DKD). Linear regression models, adjusted for age and gender, were then used to study the genetic associations of five renal function traits, including 83 SNPs with albumin-to-creatinine ratio, 92 SNPs with vitamin D (25-OH cholecalciferol), 288 SNPs with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 363 SNPs with serum creatinine and 73 SNPs with blood urea. Results Patients with DKD, as compared with those without the disease, were mostly men (52%vs38% for controls), older (67vs59 years) and had significant rates of hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Furthermore, patients with DKD had T2DM for a longer duration of time (16vs10 years), which in an additive manner was the single factor that significantly contributed to the development of DKD (p=0.02, OR=3.12, 95% CI 1.21 to 8.02). Among the replicated associations of the genetic loci with different renal function traits, the most notable included SHROOM3 with levels of serum creatinine, eGFR and DKD (Padjusted=0.04, OR=1.46); CASR, GC and CYP2R1 with vitamin D levels; as well as WDR72 with serum creatinine and eGFR levels. Conclusions Associations were found between several genetic loci and risk markers for DKD, which may influence kidney function traits and DKD in a population of Arab ancestry.
Securing Highly-Sensitive Information in Smart Mobile Devices through Difficult-to-Mimic and Single-Time Usage Analytics

The ability of smart devices to recognize their owners or valid users gains attention with the advent of widespread highly sensitive usage of these devices such as storing secret and personal information. Unlike the existing techniques, in this paper, we propose a very lightweight single-time user identification technique that can ensure a unique authentication by presenting a system near-to-impossible to breach for intruders. Here, we have conducted a thorough study over single-time usage data collected from 33 users. The study reveals several new findings, which in turn, leads us to a novel solution exploiting a new machine learning technique. Our evaluation confirms that the proposed solution operates with only 5% False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and only 6% False Rejection Rate (FRR) over the data collected from 33 users. We further evaluate the performance through comparing its performance with some existing machine learning techniques. Finally, we perform a real implementation of our proposed solution as a mobile application to conduct a rigorous user evaluation over 27 participants using three different devices in order to show how the solution works in practical situations. Outcomes of the user evaluation demonstrate as low as 0% FAR after letting intruders to mimic the actual user, which ensures extremely low probability of being breached. Moreover, we let 2 users to continuously use our application over 25 days in different states during their operation. Outcomes of this evaluation demonstrate as low as 1% FRR confirming the usability of our technique in long-term usage.
The effect on prognosis of postoperative CA 19-9 level in patients with pancreatic cancer.

To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Kinsella et al in which they suggested that resection margin status and postoperative CA 19-9 levels were prognostic factors for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. In this study, both positive surgical margins and higher CA 19-9 levels after surgery were also predictive factors for development of distant metastasis. In English literature, there are a number of studies in which positive surgical margin is reported as prognostic and predictive factor for distant metastasis in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. But, it is still unclear whether elevated postoperative CA 19-9 levels have effect on prognosis. The presented study showed that hazard ratio is 4.54 for more than 70 U/mL serum CA 19-9 levels after surgery. But, we think that the results of the study must be reinterpreted. In this study, postoperative CA 19-9 levels may be higher in patients with positive surgical margins. Thus, an interaction between postoperative CA 19-9 levels and surgery positive margins may develop. A number of studies showed that serum CA 19-9 level was an independent predictor of recurrence and survival after resection and its levels were correlated with tumor burden and metastatic disease. Another study suggested that preoperative CA 19-9 adjusted to the serum bilirubin value was more reasonable in evaluating prognosis of pancreatic cancer. To date, a certain cutoff point is not described that displays the predictive level of serum CA 19-9. Furthermore, combined preoperative CEA and CA 19-9 levels are more suitable for assessing resectability in patients with pancreatic cancer. Answers of questions as to whether CA 19-9 must be measured preoperative or postoperative and whether CA 19-9 is used alone or combined with CEA levels, are unclear. We think that the statistical assessment is the most important limitation of this study. The sample size of the study is insufficient to perform multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis requires large samples to be accurate. Some authors recommend that a minimum of 20 cases per predictor should be used for an accurately interpreted multivariate analysis. In presented study, although 75 patients were evaluated, 11 variables were used for multivariate analysis. We believe that this problem may affect the results of presented study, and therefore there is need to reinterpret the results.
IP3 receptors – lessons from analyses ex cellula

ABSTRACT Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are widely expressed intracellular channels that release Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We review how studies of IP3Rs removed from their intracellular environment (‘ex cellula’), alongside similar analyses of ryanodine receptors, have contributed to understanding IP3R behaviour. Analyses of permeabilized cells have demonstrated that the ER is the major intracellular Ca2+ store, and that IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from this store. Radioligand binding confirmed that the 4,5-phosphates of IP3 are essential for activating IP3Rs, and facilitated IP3R purification and cloning, which paved the way for structural analyses. Reconstitution of IP3Rs into lipid bilayers and patch-clamp recording from the nuclear envelope have established that IP3Rs have a large conductance and select weakly between Ca2+ and other cations. Structural analyses are now revealing how IP3 binding to the N-terminus of the tetrameric IP3R opens the pore ∼7 nm away from the IP3-binding core (IBC). Communication between the IBC and pore passes through a nexus of interleaved domains contributed by structures associated with the pore and cytosolic domains, which together contribute to a Ca2+-binding site. These structural analyses provide evidence to support the suggestion that IP3 gates IP3Rs by first stimulating Ca2+ binding, which leads to pore opening and Ca2+ release. Summary: IP3 receptors are widely expressed intracellular Ca2+ channels. We review recent progress in understanding how IP3 and Ca2+ together control opening of the pore of the channel.
Receptor tyrosine kinase MET as potential target of multi‐kinase inhibitor and radiosensitizer sorafenib in HNSCC

The multi‐kinase inhibitor sorafenib displays antitumoral effects in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, the targeted kinases are unknown. Here we aimed to identify those kinases to determine the mechanism of sorafenib‐mediated effects and establish candidate biomarkers for patient stratification.
Determining the digestible lysine requirement of 22‐ to 47‐week‐old Lohmann laying hens using an increasing protein titration methodology

ABSTRACT A laying hen trial was conducted from 22 to 47 wk of age to determine the digestible lysine (DLYS) requirement of laying hens by using an increasing CP titration method. A total of 896 Lohmann LSL‐Lite caged layers (22 wk of age) were allotted to 8 dietary treatments and each treatment had 8 replications of 14 hens. The first 7 experimental diets initially contained DLYS levels increasing from 0.565 to 0.980% with respective protein levels increasing from 13.8 to 21.7%. Dietary treatment 8 was a control diet which was calculated to contain 18.6% CP and 0.807% DLYS. These DLYS levels were reduced from 0.468 to 0.845% for diets 1 to 7 (0.688% for diet 8) at week 12 so that greater differences in production parameters could be obtained. Increasing DLYS levels had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed efficiency. However, DLYS levels had no significant effect on egg component measurements such as percentage of yolk, white, and solids. Broken line regression, maximum of the quadratic polynomial (QP max) regression, and the intercept of the broken line and QP regressions were used to estimate the DLYS requirement. Broken line regression yielded the lowest requirement and QP max regression yielded the highest, with the intercept of the broken line and QP regressions yielding an intermediate requirement estimate. The DLYS requirements were consistently lower for egg production than for egg mass and feed efficiency. For egg mass and feed efficiency, DLYS requirements were 655 and 690, 817 and 866, and 706 and 778 mg/hen/d for the broken line, QP max, and the intercept of the broken line and QP regressions, respectively.
Photoplethysmography in dogs and cats: a selection of alternative measurement sites for a pet monitor

Objective: Photoplethysmography (PPG) is an increasingly popular health and well-being tool for monitoring heart rate and oxygen saturation. Due to the pigmentation and hairiness of dogs and cats, a pulse oximeter is routinely placed solely on the tongue. As this approach is feasible only for pet monitor use during surgical procedures, we investigate PPG signal quality on several other measurement sites that would be better tolerated by conscious animals. Approach: Acquired PPG signals are analyzed by four signal quality indices: mean baseline, signal power, kurtosis, and tolerance score. Main results: In dogs, the metacarpus and tail can be substituted for oral pulse oximeter placement since both measurement sites exhibited high PPG signal kurtosis and were considered well-tolerated. In cats, the digit could be used with some limitations. Significance: Pet monitors with pulse oximeter probes adjusted to promising measurement sites could enable veterinarians and owners to monitor animals when fully awake.