Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in the chemistry of soil solution and acetic‐acid extractable P following different types of freeze/thaw episodes

Summary Freezing significantly influences the amount and chemical form of extractable soil phosphorus and, therefore, has important consequences regarding plant nutrient availability. Much of the current evidence relies on field-based observations and tends to be rather contradictory. The present work reports the specific effects various freezing episodes have on phosphorus availability. Experimental treatments included the freezing rate and the time soil remained frozen together with the number of freezelthaw cycles. These laboratory incubations used two soils, an iron humus podzol and a peaty podzol, sub-samples of which were equilibrated at three different soil-moisture contents. Concentrations of phosphorus in soil solutions and acetic acid extracts (Ac-P) were measured. Freezing had the greatest effect on the organic (Op) horizon of the peaty podzol, where the amounts of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and Ac-P increased from 0.58 to 3.21 and from 11.8 to 19.3 mg P kg-l, respectively. TDP in soil solution was subdivided into three broad categories, dissolved (molybdate) reactive (MRP), organic (DOP) and condensed (DCP). The rather variable effect that freezelthaw episodes had on these fractions highlighted the problems associated with attributing the ‘freezing effect’ to any single process.
Spatial heterogeneity of soil properties and its mapping with apparent electrical conductivity

The site-specific cultivation as part of the precision-agriculture concept is more and more introduced into practical farming. However, soil information is often not available in a spatial resolution intrinsically needed for precision farming or other site-specific soil use and management purposes. One approach to obtain spatially high-resolution soil data is the non-invasive measurement of the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). In this study, we recorded the ECa on three fields with an EM38 (Geonics, Canada). The ECa data were compared with (1) ground truth data obtained by conventional drilling, (2) traditional soil maps (large scale, <1:5,000), (3) the growth and yield of corn. The temporal variability of the ECa due to varying soil moisture and temperature was taken into account by repeated measurements of the same fields and subsequent averaging of the EC a values. Significant correlations (r 2 = 0.76) were found between the mean weighted clay content (0-1.5 m) and the EC a . Furthermore, in soils with differently textured layers, EC a was used to estimate the thickness of the uppermost loess layer. A comparison of EC a and large-scale soil maps reveals some pros and cons of EC a measurements. The main advantages of EC a recordings are the high spatial resolution in combination with low efforts. Yet, the EC a signal is no direct measure for a soil type or unit. Depending on the variability of substrates and layering, the EC a pattern can be a precise indicator for the spatial distribution of different soils. A strong conformity of the spatial variability of plant growth (derived from orthophotos and yield maps) and EC a patterns within a field indicates that the EC a signal per se-without conversion to traditional soil parameters-integrates the effects of various soil variables that govern soil fertility. Altogether, EC a surveys can be a powerful tool to facilitate and improve conventional soil mapping.
[Cross-Informant Agreement Between Parent-Reported and Adolescent Self-Reported Quality of Life in children with externalising symptoms].

BACKGROUND It is well-known phenomena both in clinical practice and research, that there is a discrepancy between the parents' and children's report about children's Quality of Life (QoL). The purpose of our research was to examine the differences in self and caregiver's proxy report of child's QoL. We also compared mothers', fathers' and other caregivers' reports of children's QoL. METHODS Patients with externalizing symptoms in their history, aged 13-18 years were selected from the Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Hospital and Outpatient Clinic. We used the Inventory of Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents (QL), parent and children version to measure the children's QoL. We used F-factor analysis (Principal Component Analysis and direct oblimin rotation) and t-tests for data analysis. RESULTS Altogether 138 caregiver-child dyads filled the QL. The adolescents mean age was 14.47 years (SD=.40). Seventy-four mothers, 37 fathers and 27 other caregivers were included into our study. The caregivers' ratings were settled sorted into three factors, the adolescents' ratings were settled sorted into two factors. We found significant differences between mothers, fathers and other caregivers' ratings in the following domains of QoL: school, loneliness, peer relations, physical health, mental health and problem/illness. The caregivers evaluated adolescents' QoL more positively then the adolescents did (t=761, df=139, p<0,0001). CONCLUSIONS The caregivers and their children's reported different domains of QoL as problematic. Therefore, it is important to gain information from several sources about the adolescent's QoL.
SALT TOLERANCE IN SEEDLINGS OF THE MANGROVE CYNOMETRA IRIPA KOSTEL

Present paper describes the growth and ion contents from seedlings of the mangrove Cynometra iripa Kostel. over a range of salinity, using Nacl and Na 2 SO 4 as the major ion in a soil culture. The seedlings of C. iripa grew well at salinity levels up to 0.1M NaCl and 0.1M Na 2 SO 4 . Growth was inhibited at salinity levels above 0.2M NaCl and 0.2M Na 2 SO 4 . Chloride decreased in Na 2 SO 4 treated seedlings. Proline accumulation was found to be increased with salinity in both treatments. Higher activities of catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were noticed in seedlings. Effect of Cl salinity is more prominent than that of SO 4 salinity. Chlorophylls, carotenoids, TAN, polyphenol and free amino acids contents are decreased after critical concentration 0.1M NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 .
Récupération de biomolécules d’origine aquatique en vue d’une valorisation comme ingrédients fonctionnels dans les domaines alimentaire et pharmaceutique

Le present travail s’inscrit dans le cadre general de la valorisation biotechnologique de produits et coproduits de la peche. Il a pour principal objectif l’obtention de biomolecules a haute valeur ajoutee a usage alimentaire et nutraceutique a partir des produits et coproduits de la crevette rose du large (Parapenaeus longirostris) et du barbeau (Barbus callensis). Cette etude se divise en deux chapitres distincts : Le premier chapitre est consacre a la mise au point des procedes enzymatique et chimique pour l’obtention de carotenoides a partir des coproduits de crevettes. Plus particulierement, ce chapitre concerne l’extraction, la purification et la caracterisation de l’astaxanthine a partir des coproduits de la crevette rose du large (P. longirostris). Les activites antioxydantes et antiproliferatives in vitro et l’activite antidiabetique in vivo ont ete etudiees. Dans le deuxieme chapitre, nous presentons l’apport d’une technique analytique pour l’obtention de biopeptides antibacteriens et anti-dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV qui repose en general sur l’hydrolyse enzymatique controlee de proteines, suivie de methodes systematiques de fractionnement, de purification et de tests biologiques. Les masses moleculaires ainsi que les sequences des peptides purifies ont ete determinees par spectrometrie de masse et par spectrometrie de masse en tandem.
Spontaneous Resolution by Stirred Crystallization

It does not take long for a beginning chemist to develop a naive trust in predictions based on probability. Unlike a physician, who deals with a handful of cases, or an epidemiologist, who deals with hundreds of thousands, a chemist has the luxury of dealing with samples that contain more than lo2’ molecules. For such large samples, predictions based on probability verge on certainty. Chemists are not disturbed that quantum mechanics precludes strict determinism in the behavior of an individual molecule, because it supplies reliable probabilities, and for macroscopic chemical samples molecular probability amounts to collective determinism. A chemist who has difficulty repeating a literature experiment may attribute the problem to unobserved or unreported differences in procedure or materials, or to error in measurement, but not to sampling error. The precise reproducibility from experiment to experiment that is the hallmark of good chemistry depends on having samples with enormous numbers of molecules. Because of their training, chemists are particularly intrigued by phenomena that seem improbable. Several such cases involve chirality. A familiar and profound example is the occurrence in nature of only one enantiomer of complex biological molecules. How did living systems become resolved? Does biological handedness result from some weak interaction that provided a tiny evolutionary bias in favor of one set of enantiomers, or from one single molecular event that occurred at random but was destined to become a sort of molecular “Adam” by being multiplied into the whole kingdom of living things? Crystallization provides a more homely example of curious statistics involving chirality. Although growth of a macroscopic crystal involves a large number of molecular events, formation of the original nucleus occurs but once per crystal. It is not uncommon for a solution to deposit only one crystal. Even if 100 or 1000 crystals grow, the number of nucleation events is small by chemical standards, and they differ from most chemical phenomena in that they can often be counted individually as well as measured collectively. Recently, Dilip Kondepudi et al. of Wake Forest University (USA) have reported results from counting chiral crystals that provide new insights into the mechanism of nucleation. “] Their interest in the role of competition and autocatalysis in breaking chiral symmetry in the biosphere,L2’ led Kondepudi et al. to repeat 19th Century work by Kipping and Pope on the crystallization of NaCIO, . I3] This salt is particularly well suited for such experimentation because aqueous solutions of its achiral ions produce beautiful rectangular prisms in the chiral cubic space group P2,3. Since the individual ions are achiral, they can join either enantiomeric
Oxy-amphibole equilibria in Ti-bearing calcic amphiboles: Experimental investigation and petrologic implications for mantle-derived amphiboles

Abstract An experimental study was carried out to investigate the equilibrium between Fe oxy-component and hydroxy-component in Ti-bearing calcic amphiboles, as described in the dehydrogenation/oxidation reaction Fe2+ + OH- = Fe3+ + O2- + 1/2 H2, for which the equilibrium constant (K) can be expressed as where □ = H-vacancy on the O3 anion position, Φ is the activity coeficient term, and Kx represents the thermodynamic mole fraction term (i.e., the K expressed as mole fractions rather than activities). The variation in Kx was quantified experimentally by annealing experiments on amphiboles of two different compositions: a mantle-derived kaersutite from Greenland, and a crustal pargasite from the Tschicoma Formation from the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, volcanic complex. The conditions of the experiments ranged from 700.1000 °C, 1.10 kbar, and fH2 from that of the HM to GM solid buffer assemblages. The results, combined with similar data for a titanian pargasite from Vulcanʼs Throne, Arizona (Popp et al. 1995a), define the variation in log Kx as a function of T, P, and amphibole composition as given by the equation: If the T, P, and amphibole composition are known, values of log Kx calculated from the equation predict the equilibrium logfH2 of any experiment to within ~0.1 to 0.3 log units. It is assumed that a similar uncertainty in log fH2 would also to apply to the conditions of formation of natural amphiboles in the same composition range. If log fO₂ at the time of equilibration can be estimated independently for natural samples (e.g., mantle-derived amphiboles), the H2O activity also can be estimated. An alternate approach for estimating H2O activity from amphibole-bearing mantle rocks is to use a variety of H2O-buffering equilibria among end-member components in olivine, two-pyroxenes, amphibole, and other phases: e.g., 2 tr +2 fo = 5 en + 4 di + 2 H2O. A self-consistent thermodynamic database (THERMOCALC, Holland and Powell 1990) can be used to determine the aH₂O of such univariant H2O-buffering equilibria as a function of P and T. A mantle amphibole assemblage from Dish Hill (sample DH101-E, McGuire et al. 1991) was used to calculate aH₂O using the two different methods. The mean value of log aH₂O determined from seven different dehydration reactions is . 1.70, with a 1σ range of ±0.50. That range of water activity is in good agreement with the value of log aH₂O = . 1.90 ± 0.3 obtained using the dehydrogenation/oxidation equilibrium, along with an estimate of log fO₂. The use of xenolith amphiboles to infer values of aH₂O in the mantle requires that the H content of the amphibole does not change significantly during ascent or eruption. Changes in H content have significantly different effects on the dehydration and dehydrogenation equilibria, such that, comparison of the aH₂O estimates from the two different methods may permit quantification of H loss.
Recent Progress in Metal Borohydrides for Hydrogen Storage

The prerequisite for widespread use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is the development of new materials that can safely store it at high gravimetric and volumetric densities. Metal borohydrides M(BH4)n (n is the valence of metal M), in particular, have high hydrogen density, and are therefore regarded as one such potential hydrogen storage material. For fuel cell vehicles, the goal for on-board storage systems is to achieve reversible store at high density but moderate temperature and hydrogen pressure. To this end, a large amount of effort has been devoted to improvements in their thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. This review provides an overview of recent research activity on various M(BH4)n, with a focus on the fundamental dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation properties and on providing guidance for material design in terms of tailoring thermodynamics and promoting kinetics for hydrogen storage.
Chiral liquid crystalline thiols for preparation of polybutadiene diols

New chiral thiols possessing biphenyl and phenyl moieties as well as ester linkage groups in the molecular core have been synthesised and grafted on polybutadiene diol backbones. The resulting diols possess OH end groups that enable the possibility for preparation of ordered liquid crystal networks. The mesomorphic properties of the synthesised thiols and resulting diols have been studied by polarising optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Chiral thiols as well as the resulting side‐chain diols exhibit liquid crystalline behaviour, with a very broad paraelectric smectic A phase. The effects of side‐chain structure of the ester thiols and density of grafting of the polybutadiene diols on mesomorphic properties were determined and are discussed.
Effect of hormone therapy on fertility and plasma minerals profile in repeat breeding GIR cows.

This study was carried out on 24 repeat breeding cows of Gir breed divided at random in to four groups, 6 animals in each. Animals of Group I were treated with single i/m injection of 0.02 mg buserelin acetate and Group II with single i/m injection of 1500 IU hCG immediately after natural breeding, while animals of Group III were administered with 500 mg of hydroxy-progesterone caproate on day 6 of natural breeding and those of Group IV bred without any treatment served as control. Blood plasma samples were collected on day 0 (oestrus) and then at weekly interval up to 6 weeks post-breeding/treatment and were stored at −20°C. The first service conception rates obtained following 3 treatments were 50.00, 83.33 and 50.00%, respectively, with an overall mean of 61.11%. These were significantly higher (P<0.01) than that (16.66%) obtained in untreated control group. The overall mean values of plasma calcium, inorganic phosphorus, Ca:P ratio and magnesium were 11.918±0.159 mg/dl, 8.193± 0.123 mg/dl, 1.516±0.032 and 1.818±0.028 mEq/L without significant differences between weeks or between conceived and non-conceived groups, except magnesium, the level (mEq/L) of which in GnRH treated group (2.341±0.047) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in hCG and Progesterone treated groups (1.731 ±0.023 and 1.620±0.021). The overall mean values of trace elements, viz., zinc, iron, copper and manganese were 1.549±0.008, 2.119±0.023, 0.779±0.005 and 0.090±0.001 ppm, respectively. The values of zinc and copper were significantly (P<0.05) higher in all three treated groups as compared to control group. The values were significantly higher (P<0.01) in conceived group as compared to nonconceived group for all four elements, and varied significantly between weeks for copper and manganese. Overall, the hormonal therapy, especially hCG, was found highly effective in solving repeat breeding problem in Gir cows, though it did not influence the plasma mineral profile.
Visible Light Activity of Nitrogen-Doped TiO2 Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition

This article demonstrates that a visible light active N-doped TiO 2 film can be fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with titanium chloride and ammonia water as the precursors. A 1.60 atom % N-doping anatase TiO 2 film has been successfully grown on an n + -silicon substrate. The ratio of substitutional N doping to the total N doping as high as 70% is achieved that extends the long-wavelength cutoff of TiO 2 to 550 nm. Results from the analysis of incident photon-to-current efficiency and potential-dependent photocurrent density suggest that the visible light activity of ALD N-doped TiO 2 films can be further improved by reducing the carrier recombination rate and increasing optical absorption efficiency. © 2008 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2968951] All rights reserved.
Plasma detachment mechanisms in a magnetic nozzle

An axisymmetric model of the supersonic expansion of a collisionless, totally ionizedplasma in a divergent magnetic nozzle and the DIMAGNO simulation code are beingused to study the plasma detachment from the guiding magnetic eld, taking into accountthe e ects of the induced magnetic eld generated by the plasma electric currents. Theazimuthal electric currents carried by the plasma from the discharge chamber or createdwithin the nozzle are the central feature for both thrust generation and plasma detachment.These currents are mainly electronic and have a globally diamagnetic character, as theirinduced eld lowers the total eld around the axis and increases nozzle divergence rate.This paper focuses on the role of the plasma-generated magnetic eld and the detachmentissue, particularized for the case of a helicon thruster (although conclusions extracted hereinmight be easily generalizable to other thruster types). A viable alternative detachmentmechanism based on plasma self-demagnetization is investigated.
Ecosystem and physiological controls over methane production in northern wetlands

Peat chemistry appears to exert primary control over methane production rates in the Canadian Northern Wetlands Study (NOWES) area. We determined laboratory methane production rate potentials in anaerobic slurries of samples collected from a transect of sites through the NOWES study area. We related methane production rates to indicators of resistance to microbial decay (peat C:N and lignin:N ratios) and experimentally manipulated substrate availability for methanogenesis using ethanol (EtOH) and plant litter. We also determined responses of methane production to pH and temperature. Methane production potentials declined along the gradient of sites from high rates in the coastal fens to low rates in the interior bogs and were generally highest in surface layers. Strong relationships between CH 4nproduction potentials and peat chemistry suggested that methanogenesis was limited by fermentation rates. Methane production at ambient pH responded strongly to substrate additions in the circumneutral fens with narrow lignin:N and C:N ratios (pCH 4/pEtOH = 0.9n2.3mg g m1) and weakly in the acidic bogs with wide C:N and lignin:N ratios (pCH 4/pEtOH = m0.04n0.02 mg g m1). Observed Q 10nvalues ranged from 1.7 to 4.7 and generally increased with increasing substrate availability, suggesting that fermentation rates were limiting. Titration experiments generally demonstrated inhibition of methanogenesis by lownpH. Our results suggest that the low rates of methane emission observed in interior bogs during NOWES likely resulted fromnpH and substrate quality limitation of the fermentation step in methane production and thus reflect intrinsically low methane production potentials. Low methane emission rates observed during NOWES will likely be observed in other northern wetland regions with similar vegetation chemistry.
An eco-friendly wood adhesive from soy protein and lignin: performance properties

The aim of this study was to improve the water resistance of a soybean meal-based adhesive with a low-cost lignin-based resin (LR). The LR could react with active groups on the protein molecules and itself to form a cross-linking and interpenetrating network, which improved the water resistance of the resultant adhesive. In addition, adding LR increased the thermal stability of the cured adhesive, forming a cross-linked protein molecule-based structure, and created a smooth surface with fewer holes and cracks to prevent moisture intrusion, which further improved the water resistance of the resultant adhesive. Using LR also resulted in an appropriate viscosity which benefited adhesive distribution during the plywood hot press process and formed a stronger interlock with wood, thus creating good wet shear strength of the resultant plywood. Incorporating 10 wt% LR effectively improved the wet shear strength of the resultant plywood by 200% to 1.05 MPa, which met interior-use plywood bond strength requirement. The resultant adhesive had a solid content of 32.65% and viscosity of 499 400 mPa s, which were acceptable for industrial application in plywood fabrication.
Evaluation of the nutritional composition, sensory and physical properties of a potential weaning food from locally available food materials - breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and soybean (Glycine max).

A potential weaning diet was developed from locally available least expensive food items, using local processing methods. The supplement mixtures were breadfruit and soybean. The ingredients were mixed at different ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 and 50:50% of breadfruit and soy flour, respectively. The results of a proximate analysis of the supplements showed that their protein content accounted for 7.82–20.92%, that of carbohydrates – for 53.36–75.42%, and that of fat – for 6.77–16.30%, whereas energy values ranged from 1654.3 to 1864.0 KJ/100 g, and that they contained appreciable quantities of P, Zn, Fe, Mg, Ca, K and Na. The bulk density generally decreased with increasing SB supplementation. SBF 1 had the lowest (0.361 g/mL) while SBF 5 had the highest (0.425 g/mL) values of that parameter. SBF 1 had the highest water absorption capacity (WAC) (490 mL/g) and SBF 5 had the lowest value of that parameter (310 mL/g). The results demonstrate that at 40% soy flour supplementation, the meal could meet satisfactorily the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for children of 1 to 3 years of age and that it has tolerably low antinutrients level.