Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Voice-Controlled Search User Interfaces for Young Users

ABSTRACT Children need advanced support during web search or relatedinteractions with computer systems. At this point, a voice-controlled search engine offers different beneﬁts. Childrenwho have difﬁculties in writing will not make spelling er-rors using a voice control. Voice control is a natural inputmethod and is supposed to be easier to use for children thana keyboard or mouse. To integrate a suitable voice controlinto search engines, it is necessary to understand the chil-dren’s behavior. Therefore, we investigate children’s speechpatterns and interaction tactics during a web search using avoice-controlled search engine. A user study in form of aWizard-of-Oz-Experiment was conducted and we found outthat children are motivated to use voice-controlled search en-gines. However, voice control in combination with touch in-teractions should be possible as well. Furthermore, the anal-ysis of the speech patterns suggests that it is possible to builda speech recognition program. The results of this study canserve as fundamentals to develop voice-controlled search di-alogues for young users.
Trabecular Bone Mineral and Calculated Structure of Human Bone Specimens Scanned by Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography: Relation to Biomechanical Properties

The relationship of cortical bone mineral density (BMD), and geometry to bone strength has been well documented. In this study, we used peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) to acquire trabecular BMD and high‐resolution images of trabeculae from specimens to determine their relationship with biomechanical properties. Fifty‐eight human cubic trabecular bone specimens, including 26 from the vertebral bodies, were scanned in water and air. Trabecular structure was quantitated using software developed with Advanced Visual Systems interfaced on a Sun/Sparc Workstation. BMD was also obtained using a whole‐body computerized tomography scanner (QCT). Nondestructive testing of the specimens was performed to assess their elastic modulus. QCT and pQCT measurements of BMD of specimens in water were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.95, p < 0.0001), with a slope (0.96) statistically not significantly different from 1. Strong correlations were found between pQCT measurements of specimens in water and in air, for BMD (r2 = 0.96, p < 0.0001), and for apparent trabecular structural parameters (r2 = 0.89–0.93, p < 0.0001). Correlations were moderate between BMD and apparent trabecular structural parameters (r2 = 0.37–0.64, p < 0.0001). Precision as coefficient of variation (CV) and standardized coefficient of variation (SCV) for these measurements was < 5%. For the vertebral specimens, the correlation was higher between elastic modulus and BMD (r2 = 0.76, p < 0.0001) than between elastic modulus and apparent trabecular structural parameters (r2 = 0.58–0.72, p < 0.0001), while the addition of apparent trabecular nodes and branches to BMD in a multivariate regression model significantly increased the correlation with the elastic modulus (r2 = 0.86, p < 0.01). Thus, pQCT can comparably and reproducibly measure trabecular bone mineral in water or air, and trabecular structure can be quantitated from pQCT images. The combination of volumetric BMD with trabecular structural parameters rather than either alone improves the prediction of biomechanical properties. Such a noninvasive approach may be useful for the preclinical study of osteoporosis.
Increased Intestinal Permeability Correlates with Gastrointestinal Toxicity among Formulations of the Fluorouracil Analogue Tegafur in Rats

Background: S-1 is a new antitumor agent which was developed based on biochemical modulation of fluorouracil. S-1 consists of tegafur (FT), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), and potassium oxonate (Oxo) in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1. S-1 has been reported to enhance therapeutic effects and to reduce the gastrointestinal toxicity as compared with 5-fluorouracil. In this study performed in rats, S-1 was used to assess the relationship between gastrointestinal mucosal toxicity and changes in intestinal barrier function. Methods: Fifteen rats were equally divided into three groups: group A (untreated controls), group B (FT and CDHP mixture), and group C (FT and CDHP in combination with Oxo). The animals in groups B and C received equitoxic doses of the drugs in their food for 14 consecutive days. The intestinal permeability was determined on the basis of the urinary recovery of orally administered lactulose and mannitol (L/M). Injury to the small intestines was evaluated by light microscopy. The cell surface expression of CD44 was evaluated immunohistochemically. Results: Recovery of L/M in urine (expressed as a fraction of the dose administered) was 0.15 ± (SE) 0.08, 0.23 ± 0.13, and 0.09 ± 0.04 in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The intestinal permeability in group B was significantly higher than that in group C (p < 0.05). Treatment with FT and CDHP (groups B and C) induced injury to the small intestine and decreased expression of CD44 within the intestinal mucosa, but the extent of damage was reduced by coadministration of Oxo (group C). Conclusion: This experimental study suggested that the gastrointestinal toxicity resulting from administration of anticancer drugs is accompanied by an impaired gut barrier function measurable as an increase in intestinal permeability to L/M.
Hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche physiologique ou pathologique : Intérêt d’une approche multiparamétrique

Introduction : Le diagnostic de cardiomyopathie hypertrophique (CMH) est difficile chez l’athlete. En effet, le remodelage physiologique induit par l’entrainement physique intense entraine des modifications electriques et morphologiques qui peuvent mimer une cardiomyopathie. Or il est indispensable de poser le diagnostic de cardiomyopathie avec certitude chez un athlete. Ne pas contre-indiquer un athlete avec une cardiomyopathie l’expose a un risque de mort subite, mais poser un diagnostic par exces l’expose a de lourdes repercussions tant professionnelles que sociales. Methodes : (1) Nous avons cherche a ameliorer les criteres ECG actuels de detection de cardiomyopathie chez l’athlete a partir d’une cohorte multicentrique d’athletes et de CMH. (2) Nous avons cherche a determiner quel bilan complementaire realiser en cas d’anomalie ECG par un suivi longitudinal d’athletes avec ondes T negatives. (3) Nous avons essaye de mieux caracteriser le phenotype des athletes atteints de CMH par rapport aux CMH sedentaires dans une cohorte multicentrique. (4) Nous avons tente de determiner si l’utilisation des nouvelles techniques d’imagerie de deformation myocardique permettait d’ameliorer la pertinence diagnostique et pronostique en cas de CMH dans une cohorte de CMH et d’athletes rennais. Resultats : Nous avons propose une nouvelle classification ECG permettant de mieux identifier les athletes avec modifications ECG non pathologiques sans diminuer pour autant la capacite a detecter les CMH. En cas d’ondes T negatives chez l’athlete, nous avons demontre qu’il etait indispensable de realiser une IRM myocardique. En effet l’echocardiographie peut etre prise en defaut dans pres de 35% des cas. Neanmoins, les criteres diagnostiques actuels de CMH peuvent etre pris en defaut; en effet les athletes avec une CMH ont un phenotype different des CMH sedentaires avec une meilleure fonction systolique, notamment longitudinale, et diastolique. L’evaluation de la fonction longitudinale a l’effort et l’evaluation de la dispersion mecanique sont des parametres qui semblent prometteurs en terme de diagnostic. En effet l’alteration la fonction longitudinale semble etre en lien avec la fibrose myocardique. L’echocardiographie d’effort, notamment la presence d’une insuffisance mitrale a l’effort, semble etre un facteur pronostic important dans les CMH. Conclusions : les travaux realises ont permis de developper des outils pour mieux differencier une hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche (HVG) pathologique d’une HVG physiologique mais egalement pour mieux caracteriser cette HVG et determiner avec plus de precision le pronostic des CMH .
Integrating Biological and Social Values When Prioritizing Places for Biodiversity Conservation

The consideration of information on social values in conjunction with biological data is critical for achieving both socially acceptable and scientifically defensible conservation planning outcomes. However, the influence of social values on spatial conservation priorities has received limited attention and is poorly understood. We present an approach that incorporates quantitative data on social values for conservation and social preferences for development into spatial conservation planning. We undertook a public participation GIS survey to spatially represent social values and development preferences and used species distribution models for 7 threatened fauna species to represent biological values. These spatially explicit data were simultaneously included in the conservation planning software Zonation to examine how conservation priorities changed with the inclusion of social data. Integrating spatially explicit information about social values and development preferences with biological data produced prioritizations that differed spatially from the solution based on only biological data. However, the integrated solutions protected a similar proportion of the species’ distributions, indicating that Zonation effectively combined the biological and social data to produce socially feasible conservation solutions of approximately equivalent biological value. We were able to identify areas of the landscape where synergies and conflicts between different value sets are likely to occur. Identification of these synergies and conflicts will allow decision makers to target communication strategies to specific areas and ensure effective community engagement and positive conservation outcomes.
Chapter 6: Cell and cell system responses: Heterogeneity of radiation sensitivity of hemopoietic stem cell subsets

Immature hemopoietic cells are heterogeneous with respect to repopulating capacity following exposure to ionizing radiation, growth factor receptor and surface marker phenotype as well as cycling state. In the present paper, the evidence from studies in subhuman primates and mice is reviewed, which demonstrates that the heterogeneity of immature stem cells is also reflected by a differential sensitivity to radiation, the most immature stem cells with long‐term repopulating capacity being less sensitive to radiation than assumed on the basis of 50% lethal dose (LD50) data, and the radiation sensitivity of immature hemopoietic cells measured by the spleen‐colony test. In addition, these immature cells appear to have a considerable repair capacity. These findings have a direct bearing on future strategies for the treatment of patients after accidental exposure to ionizing radiation, either by transplantation of (subsets of) stem cells or by administration of a specific combination of hemopoietic growth factors.
Stackable All-Oxide-Based Nonvolatile Memory With $ \hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$ Antifuse and $\hbox{p-CuO}_{x}/ \hbox{n-InZnO}_{x}$ Diode

We developed all-oxide-based nonvolatile memory for low-cost, high-density, and high-performance one-time field-programmable (OTP) memories compared with Si-based antifuse memory using antifuse technologies over a glass substrate. The oxide OTP memory employed the p-CuO/InZnO<sub>x</sub> diode as the switching element of the memory cell and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for the antifuse as the storage node of the memory cell. The memory cell is programmed from the breakdown of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> by applying a program voltage bias that is about 4.5 V. The OTP memory cells show large on/off ratio of about 10<sup>6</sup> and small current distributions at programmed and unprogrammed states resulting from the perfect uniformity of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin film before and after breakdown. It also showed a fast programming speed of about 20 ns.
Standards Maturity Variance Regarding the TCP MD5 Signature Option (RFC 2385) and the BGP-4 Specification

The IETF Standards Process requires that all normative references for a document be at the same or higher level of standardization. RFC 2026 section 9.1 allows the IESG to grant a variance to the standard practices of the IETF. This document explains why the IESG is considering doing so for the revised version of the BGP-4 specification, which refers normatively to RFC 2385, "Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5 Signature Option". RFC 2385 will remain at the Proposed Standard level. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
Self-Distributing Software Updates through Epidemic Dissemination

Peer-to-peer systems have recently received tremendous amount of popularity in both research and commercial endeavors. This paper argues for the systematic exploration of a hybrid of centralized and peer-to-peer system design. We give an example application of peer-to-peer architecture to an inherently centralized service and show how this application raises an interesting research question in the field of epidemic information dissemination. We propose a previously unexplored push mechanism for the distribution of updates for system software that exists in millions of copies.
Criptografía Basada en Atributos

Con el progreso constante de las tecnologias digitales, se produce un rapido incremento de la informacion confidencial que debe gestionarse de manera correcta. La criptografia ofrece herramientas seguras y eficientes para asegurar autenticidad, integridad y confidencialidad en el mundo de la informacion digital. Sin embargo, la criptografia habitual considera un escenario concreto de comunicacion entre dos usuarios, un emisor y un receptor. Este escenario no cubre algunas de las situaciones practicas que pueden aparecer en aplicaciones reales. Por eso, se estan desarrollando nuevas tecnicas criptograficas para hacer frente a estos nuevos escenarios. Un ejemplo es la criptografia basada en atributos, que fue introducida en 2005. En este trabajo hablaremos sobre este nuevo concepto: que es, que aplicaciones tiene, que protocolos concretos se han propuesto, que resultados hemos obtenido en la UPC, que puntos quedan por resolver, etc.
Qualitative Simulation with Answer Set Programming

Qualitative Simulation (QSIM) reasons about the behaviour of dynamic physical systems as they evolve over time. The system is represented by a coarse qualitative model rather than precise numerical models. However, for large complex domains, such as robotics for Urban Search and Rescue, existing QSIM implementations are inefficient. ASPQSIM is a novel formulation of the QSIM algorithm in Answer Set Programming that takes advantage of the similarities between qualitative simulation and constraint satisfaction problems. ASPQSIM is compared against an existing QSIM implementation on a variety of domains that demonstrate ASPQSIM provides a significant improvement in efficiency especially on complex domains, and producing simulations in domains that are not solvable by the procedural implementation.
Targeting sclerostin as potential treatment of osteoporosis

In recent years, study of rare bone diseases has led to the identification of signalling pathways that regulate bone formation and provided targets for the development of novel therapeutic agents to stimulate bone formation in patients with osteoporosis. Studies of two bone sclerosing dysplasias, sclerosteosis and van Buchem disease led to the identification of sclerostin, a negative regulator of bone formation. Sclerostin binds to LRP5/6 and inhibits Wnt signalling, but its precise molecular mechanism of action is not yet known. Its expression is restricted in the skeleton to osteocytes and is modified by mechanical loading and parathyroid hormone treatment. Sclerostin deficiency reproduces the findings of the human diseases in mice, while sclerostin excess leads to bone loss and reduced bone strength. An antibody to sclerostin increased bone formation dramatically at all bone envelopes in ovariectomised rats and intact monkeys, without affecting bone resorption and improved bone strength. In initial human studies, a single injection of the antibody to postmenopausal women increased serum P1NP and transiently decreased serum CTX. Clinical phase II studies with this antibody are currently underway.
Multimodalité et plasticité des interfaces homme-machine en informatique ambiante : concepts et espaces de conception

Cet article presente deux proprietes cles des interfaces hommemachine (IHM) et leur role en informatique ambiante : la multimodalite et la plasticite des IHM. Nous en proposons des definitions, de meme des espaces de conception permettant de comprendre la nature de ces notions et d'identifier et comparer des solutions de maniere rationnelle. Nous montrons comment la multimodalite participe a la plasticite des IHM.
Characteristics of Compressive Stress Distribution in High-Strength Concrete

Concrete in the compression zone is subjected to a stress distribution, called the stress block, that follows the stress-strain relationship of a concrete cylinder tested in axial compression. This paper describes fundamental characteristics of the compressive stress distribution in the compression zone of flexural members with concrete compressive strengths up to 18 ksi (124 MPa). A total of 21 plain concrete specimens were subjected to combined flexure and axial compression up to failure. The main variable considered was the strength of concrete that ranged from 10.4 to 16 ksi (71.7 to 110.3 MPa). Each specimen was subjected to two independent loads with a specific configuration to induce maximum compressive strain at one face and zero strain at the opposite. The measured stress-strain curves and stress block parameters were compiled with the data found in the literature. The results were used to develop recommended revisions for the load and resistance factor design specifications to extend their current limitation of 10 ksi (69 MPa) for concrete compressive strength up to 18 ksi (124 MPa). The assumption that plane sections remain plane after deformation is found to be valid for concrete compressive strengths up to 18 ksi (124 MPa). The ultimate concrete compressive strain values of 0.003 for design by the current code provision and a Poisson ratio of 0.2, as used in the current code provision, is acceptable for concrete compressive strengths up to 18 ksi. The test results indicate that the stress block parameter should be reduced when concrete compressive strength exceeds 10 ksi (69 MPa).
Comparative study on bus-coding schemes and improvement on SINV coding

Reducing the number of transitions between successive words is an efficient way to reduce the power consumption. Several coding schemes like Bus-Invert (BI), Bus-Shift (BS) and Shift-Invert (SINV) have been used in order to minimize power. In this paper, an improved Circular Shift-Invert (CSINV) coding scheme is proposed where the circular shifting of data is considered instead of just a 1-bit left or right shift. The proposed scheme in comparison to other reported schemes performs better in saving power and does not need additional control bits than BS. Simulation results in the Cadence environment show an average power saving of 5% in comparison with BI and regular SINV schemes for higher bus widths.
Communication Networks Proxy caching algorithms and implementation for time-shifted TV services

The increasing popularity of multimedia streaming applications introduces new challenges in content distribution networks (CDNs). Streaming services such as Video on Demand (VoD) or digital television over the Internet (IPTV) are very bandwidth-intensive and cannot tolerate the high start-up delays and poor loss properties of today's Internet. To solve these problems, caching (the initial segment of) popular streams at proxies could be envisaged. This paper presents a novel caching algorithm and architecture for time-shifted television (tsTV) and its implementation, using the IETF's Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP). The algorithm uses sliding caching windows with sizes depending on content popularity and/or distance metrics. The caches can work in stand-alone mode as well as in co-operative mode. This paper shows that the network load can already be reduced considerably using small diskless caches, especially when using co-operative caching. A prototype implementation is detailed and evaluated through performance measurements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dyslexia and the Life Course

The life stories of adults diagnosed with dyslexia as children were examined, with emphasis on the related emotional experiences. The life story method of narrative analysis was used to compare and analyze the accounts of 12 participants who were interviewed extensively. The findings indicated that self-esteem problems may emerge by early childhood as individuals contend with aspects of their learning disabilities that interfere with typical development. By school age, all participants noted self-esteem problems when they experienced struggles or failures in school, which could feel traumatic. Testing and diagnosis improved self-esteem when conducted in a relevant manner that led to adaptation. The central plots of the participants' lives were characterized by the interplay between the functional challenges of their learning disabilities and the related self-esteem issues. Compensation involved the individual's areas of competence and the resources within the environment. Niches in late adolescence and young adulthood held potential to dramatically improve compensation. Participants generally exhibited four ways of life in adulthood and an added sense of emotional insecurity. Each attempted to integrate lifelong emotional experiences related to living with diagnosed dyslexia.
Pharmacotherapy of gastroparesis

Gastroparesis is a relatively common and often disabling condition that is characterized by a broad range of clinical presentation ranging from dyspeptic symptoms to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, malnutrition, frequent hospitalizations and incapacitation. The treatment of gastroparetic symptoms can be challenging to the gastroenterologist and the intensity of therapy varies with the physician's knowledge. Hence the determination that a patient is refractory to ‘standard medical therapy’ is an assessment that is subspeciality-based and could differ around the world depending on medications available. In this article, we review the use of available prokinetics, antiemetic agents, the approach for analgesia in the context of gastroparesis, and also discuss potential and evolving pharmacotherapies. The progress has been relatively limited as far as availability of new medications for gastroparesis is concerned; however, active research in developing newer prokinetics holds great promise for the future of management of this challenging entity.
Development of Chinese science and technology intermediaries and their integration into the open innovation paradigm

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