Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Informationsbedürfnis und Mediengebrauch während des Golfkrieges

Der Widerspruch zwischen maßloser Medienpräsenz und gleichzeitig lückenloser Zensur während des Golfkrieges verwickelte die Öffentlichkeit in eine Situation, die alle Definitionsmerkmale der Doppelbindung auf­ weist: infolge ihres Informationsmonopols bestand eine intensive Abhän­ gigkeit von den Medien, die es besonders wichtig machte, deren Mitteilun­ gen genau zu verstehen, um angemessen darauf reagieren zu können. Mit dem Anspruch, realitätshaltige Informationen zu liefern, bei gleichzeitiger Mitteilung, daß diese Informationen infolge der Zensur unglaubwürdig seien, übermittelten die Medien jedoch zwei widersprüchliche Botschaften, zu denen man wegen des Mangels an unabhängigen Informationsquellen nicht Stellung beziehen, sich aber infolge der Allgegenwart des Krieges auch nicht aus der Situation zurückziehen konnte (vgl. Kempf, 1991a). Untersuchungen über die Langzeitwirkungen psychologischer Folter haben gezeigt, daß die Zerstörung der Bezugssysteme durch Doppelbindungen einen Prozeß der Dehumanisierung bewirkt, zu dessen Symptomen u.a. se­ lektive Unaufmerksamkeit, ausweichender Skeptizismus und paranoide Ab­ wehrhaltungen gehören, welche die Fähigkeit klar zu denken beeinträchti­ gen und für das Leid anderer unempfanglich machen (vgl. Samayoa, 1987; Martfn-Bar6, 1991). Unsere Arbeitshypothese lautet, daß die Methoden der psychologischen Einflußnahme, welche den Medienalltag während des Golfkrieges prägten, nicht nur enge strukturelle Verwandschaft mit den Methoden des psychologischen Terrors aufweisen, sondern daß sie daher (zwar in abgeschwächter Form) auch strukturell die seIben Folgen zeitigen (vgl. Palmbach & Kempf, 1992). Diese Folgen sollten mithilfe einer Frage­ bogenstudie untersucht werden, welche die Autoren 9 Monate nach Kriegs­ ende an Studierenden der Universität Konstanz durchgeführt haben (vgl. ReiOlann & Kempf, 1993).
Influence of composite resin consistency and placement technique on proximal contact tightness of Class II restorations.

PURPOSE To investigate the influence of composite resin consistency and placement technique on proximal contact tightness of Class II composite resin restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A manikin model (KaVo Dental) was used with an artificial first molar in which a standardized MO preparation was ground. This preparation was duplicated 360 times. Cavities were restored using Clearfil Photo Bond (Kuraray) combined with one of three composite resins of different consistencies: a low-viscosity (X-Flow, Dentsply), a medium-viscosity (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray) and a high-viscosity composite (Tetric Ceram HB, Ivoclar Vivadent). Each composite was combined with 6 different matrix systems and separation techniques (n = 20). Groups 1 and 2: precontoured metal circumferential matrix (KerrHawe 1101-c) in a Tofflemire retainer combined either with hand instrument (OptraContact, Ivoclar Vivadent) or separation ring (Composi-Tight Gold, Garrison Dental Solutions). Group 3: pre-contoured metal sectional matrix (Lite-Flex, Danville Materials) with separation ring. Groups 4 and 5: pre-contoured metal circumferential dead-soft matrix (Adapt SuperCap, KerrHawe) with or without separation ring. Group 6: flat metal circumferential matrix (OptraMatrix, Ivoclar Vivadent) in a Tofflemire-retainer with hand instrument (OptraContact). Proximal contact tightness was measured using the Tooth Pressure Meter (University of Technology, Delft). To determine the effect of experimental variables on the proximal contact tightness, a multiple linear regression model was constructed. RESULTS Measurements in group 6 were not possible; therefore, this group was excluded. The use of medium- or high-viscosity instead of a low-viscosity composite resin resulted in statistically significantly tighter proximal contacts (p < 0.01). The use of a separation ring resulted in a large, statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in contact tightness, while the use of a hand instrument resulted in a small, statistically significant increase of contact tightness (p = 0.017). No statistically significant differences were found when a dead-soft matrix or a sectional matrix was used instead of a Tofflemire (p = 0.159, p = 0.261, resp.). CONCLUSION Use of a separation ring when restoring a Class II composite resin restoration has a greater influence on the obtained proximal contact tightness compared to the influence of the consistency of the composite resin.
Fault diagnosis for sparsely interconnected multiprocessor systems

The authors present a general approach to fault diagnosis that is widely applicable and requires only a limited number of connections among units. Each unit in the system forms a private opinion on the status of each of its neighboring units based on duplication of jobs and comparison of job results over time. A diagnosis algorithm that consists of simply taking a majority vote among the neighbors of a unit to determine the status of that unit is then executed. The performance of this simple majority-vote diagnosis algorithm is analyzed using a probabilistic model for the faults in the system. It is shown that with high probability, for systems composed of n units, the algorithm will correctly identify the status of all units when each unit is connected to O(log n) other units. It is also shown that the algorithm works with high probability in a class of systems in which the average number of neighbors of a unit is constant. The results indicate that fault diagnosis can in fact be achieved quite simply in multiprocessor systems containing a low to moderate number of testing conditions. <<ETX>>
Torque Improvement of Dual Three-Phase Permanent-Magnet Machine With Third-Harmonic Current Injection

This paper presents dual three-phase permanent magnet (PM) machines utilizing third-harmonic back electromotive force (EMF) and current to improve the output torque, but the torque ripple remains almost similar. The feasibility and practical issues of dual three-phase machines with third-harmonic EMF and current are first discussed, and the output torque is analytically derived. Furthermore, the optimal value of the third harmonic injected into a current waveform for maximum torque improvement is also analytically derived and validated by finite-element analysis (FEA) with the consideration of the constraints of both the peak and root-mean-square currents. For feasible dual three-phase PM machines, torque characteristics, including the average torque and the torque ripple, are compared without and with third-order harmonic injection. It is found that, for a dual three-phase machine without third-harmonic back EMF, the optimal third harmonic into the current is 1/6 of the fundamental current, and the average torque with the current having the optimal third harmonic injected can be improved by 15%. However, for the dual three-phase PM machines with third-harmonic back EMF, the optimal third harmonic into the current is dependent on the ratio of the third-harmonic back EMF to the fundamental back EMF, and the interaction of the third-harmonic current and the third-harmonic EMF results in the further improvement of the output torque. Finally, the experiments on a prototype are given to verify both the analytical and FEA methods.
Low-Cost GPS/INS Integrated Land-Vehicular Navigation System for Harsh Environments Using Hybrid Mamdani AFIS/KF Model

Nowadays, GPS (global positioning system) receivers are aided by INS (inertial navigation systems) to achieve more precision and stability in land-vehicular navigation. KF (Kalman filter) is a conventional method which is used for the navigation system to estimate the navigational parameters, when INS measurements are fused with GPS data. However, new generation of INS, which relies on MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) based low-cost IMUs (inertial measurement units) for the land navigation systems, decreases the accuracy and the robustness of navigation system due to their inherent errors. This paper provides a new method for fusing the low-cost IMU and GPS measurements. The proposed method is based on KF aided by AFIS (adaptive fuzzy inference systems) as a promising solution to overcome the mentioned problems. The results of this study show the efficiency of the proposed method to reduce the navigation system errors in comparison with KF alone.
Identification of a transcriptionally compromised allele ofc-MYC in a North American family

Editor—Chromosomal translocations that target c-MYC at 8q24 are found in all Burkitt's lymphomas (BL), AIDS related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS-NHL), mouse plasmacytomas (PCTs), in many examples of diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL), and in multiple myeloma (MM). Indications are that c-MYC is under strict control and when deregulated results in unchecked cellular proliferation and hyperplasia. Non-random chromosomal translocations found such as t(8;14), t(8;22), or t(2;8) in these lymphoid neoplasias places c-MYC under the control of strong immunoglobulin enhancers, which leads to overexpression.1 ,2 In addition, c-MYC is amplified in many tumours including breast, prostate, gastrointestinal, ovarian, MM, myeloid leukaemia, and melanoma suggesting that the overall transcriptional level is probably a key transforming element associated with c-MYC . 3 Besides genetic lesions, other epigenetic factors such as activation of growth factor receptors may also lead to constitutive expression of c-MYC . Thus, considerable efforts have been made systematically to identify the c-MYC transcriptional apparatus (promoters and enhancers) in an effort to control c-MYC expression. While c-MYC transcription potentially initiates from one of three promoters, P0, P1, and P2 which reside in the exon 1 region, the P2 promoter normally accounts for 75-90% of cytoplasmic c-MYC RNAs. To date, more than 20 transcription factors have been found to reside in the proximity of exon 1 of c-MYC. 1 Actually, c-MYC was one of the first genes to exhibit transcriptional blockage. RNA polymerase II initiation complexes were shown to pause on P2 before activation.4-6 Upon chromosomal translocation, the insertion of IG enhancer elements renders a shift in promoter usage from P2 towards P1 and loss …
CS 380 L Project Writeup : Distributed Completion Service

Task parallelism is difficult to implement in a distributed setting due to machine unreliability and communication latency. HTCondor, an existing distributed computation framework, is insufficient for addressing these shortcomings. In this report, we present a high level abstraction built on top of HTCondor called the Distributed Completion Service (DCS). The DCS uses multiple different methods to improve upon reliability and latency. Experiment results reveal DCS’s ability to scale and demonstrate a reduction in latency when compared to just using HTCondor alone.
On the active sites of proteases. Cleavage of peptide bonds involving D-alanine residues by carboxypeptidase A.

The degree of Stereospecificity exhibited by carboxypeptidase A is dependent on the structural features of the substrate employed. Carboxypeptidase A can effectively split the C-terminal d-alanine residue from peptides that are strongly bound to the enzyme through interactions distant from the catalytic center (in subsites S2 and S3). From studies using strongly interacting substrates it may be concluded that carboxypeptidase A shows a higher degree of stereospecificity toward the penultimate amino acid residue than toward the C-terminal residue.
Single-Image Dehazing via Optimal Transmission Map Under Scene Priors

The challenge of single-image dehazing mainly comes from double uncertainty of scene radiance and scene transmission. Most existing methods focus on restoring the visibility of hazy images and tend to derive a rough estimate of scene transmission. Unlike previous work, in this paper we advocate the significance of accurate transmission estimation and recast our problem as deriving the optimal transmission map directly from the haze model under two scene priors. We introduce theoretic and heuristic bounds of scene transmission to guide the optimum and show that the proposed theoretic bound happens to justify the well-known dark channel prior of haze-free images. With the constraints on the solution space, we then incorporate two scene priors, including locally consistent scene radiance and context-aware scene transmission, to formulate a constrained minimization problem and solve it by quadratic programming. The global optimality is guaranteed. Simulations on synthetic data set quantitatively verify the accuracy and show that the transmission map successfully captures fine-grained depth boundaries. Experimental results on color/gray-level images demonstrate that our method outperforms most state of the arts in terms of both accurate transmission maps and realistic haze-free images.
[Nitrogenous content in parenteral nutrition: a four-year experience in a general hospital. Critically-ill patient specificity].

INTRODUCTION There have been several studies focusing on caloric intake during the last years, while protein content relevance has been underestimated. Some recent evidence has shown that protein deficiency has also an impact on patient outcomes. We have studied the nitrogen (N) content in parenteral nutrition (PN) bags administered to adult patients in a Spanish tertiary level hospital for four years. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients who received parenteral nutrition in the general ward and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were recorded. Caloric and protein content were registered and adjusted to weight and length of stay. Data were compared among three group of patients: those in the general ward, those in the ICU and those requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). The one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used after checking data normality and homoscedasticity. RESULTS There was an increase in the mean g N/stay year after year (p < 0.01) from 14 to 15.5 g, with a decrease in non-protein caloric content (p < 0.001) from 111.6 to 101.8 kcal/g N. The range was established from 4.1 to 32.6 g. PN diets with ≥ 18 g N% ranged from 12.8% (2010) to 19.6% (2013). There were significant differences among the groups when comparing the variable g N/stay (p < 0.0001): 13.5 general ward vs15.9 ICU patients vs17.6 ICU with RRT, also when referring to adjusted weight. CONCLUSIONS According to most recent recommendations nitrogen has been provided in higher amounts than previously, especially in critical care patients with RRT.
Relaxation Problems Involving Second-Order Differential Inclusions

We present relaxation problems in control theory for the second-order differential inclusions, with four boundary conditions, a.e. on ; and, with boundary conditions, a.e. on , where , and is a multifunction from to the nonempty compact convex subsets of . We have results that improve earlier theorems.
Systematic Investigation of Antioxidant Activity of Egg White Protein Hydrolysates Obtained by Pepsin

Antioxidative activity of protein hydrolysates from egg white hydrolyzed by Pepsin with different Degrees of Hydrolysis (DHs) was investigated. As the DH increased from 6.47 to 18.22%, the antioxidative activity of Egg White Protein Hydrolysates (EWPHs) first increased and then decreased, except for the reducing power of EWPHs. The EWPHs with DH 16.93% showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (96.07±3.84%), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (36.82±1.46%), superoxide anion scavenging activity (67.72±2.51%) and inhibitory activity of tea oil autoxidation (62.68±2.32%) compared to other EWPHs. At DH 18.22%, the EWPHs exhibited the strongest reducing power (0.34±0.014). The results revealed that antioxidative activity of protein hydrolysates from egg white was determined by the DH. According to the experimental results, the EWPHs have potential for use as a natural antioxidant for food preservation.
RIG‐I mediates nonsegmented negative‐sense RNA virus‐induced inflammatory immune responses of primary human astrocytes

While astrocytes produce key inflammatory mediators following exposure to neurotropic nonsegmented negative‐sense RNA viruses such as rabies virus and measles virus, the mechanisms by which resident central nervous system (CNS) cells perceive such viral challenges have not been defined. Recently, several cytosolic DExD/H box RNA helicases including retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I) have been described that function as intracellular sensors of replicative RNA viruses. Here, we demonstrate that primary human astrocytes constitutively express RIG‐I and show that such expression is elevated following exposure to a model neurotropic RNA virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Evidence for the functional nature of RIG‐I expression in these cells comes from the observation that this molecule associates with its downstream effector molecule, interferon promoter stimulator‐1, following VSV infection and from the finding that a specific ligand for RIG‐I elicits astrocyte immune responses. Importantly, RIG‐I knockdown significantly reduces inflammatory cytokine production by VSV‐infected astrocytes and inhibits the production of soluble neurotoxic mediators by these cells. These findings directly implicate RIG‐I in the initiation of inflammatory immune responses by human glial cells and provide a potential mechanism underlying the neuronal cell death associated with acute viral CNS infections. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decoding Viral Infection by Ribosome Profiling

ABSTRACT Ribosome profiling is an emerging technique that uses deep sequencing to monitor translation in live cells. Studies using ribosome profiling have already provided novel insights into the identities and amounts of the proteins being produced in cells, as well as novel insights into the mechanism of protein synthesis and translation regulation. Application of ribosome profiling to cells infected with human cytomegalovirus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus revealed unanticipated complexity in the coding capacity of herpesviruses. Here, I discuss these results and how the application of ribosome profiling to cells infected with other viruses can reveal novel insights into the process of infection.
Interactive Art: Digital Entities and the Audience Experience

Giving computers the ability to communicate in a humanlike manner is a major area of research in robotics and artificial intelligence. Examples include humanoid robots, chatbots and embodied conversational agents that interact with humans using natural conversation. As human-computer interface designers strive to make computers more user-friendly, we are increasingly seeing the computer take on a humanlike personality in the form of digital entities and simulated virtual personas, offering new and seductive possibilities for encounters between humans and digital others.
When Endowments and Opportunities Don't Match: Understanding Chronic Poverty

Attempts to understand the causes of chronic poverty have largely centred on the concept of the poverty trap. In this perspective, the main focus is on the paucity of initial wealth or endowments, which under certain plausible conditions can create a trap from which a poor person will find it hard to escape without help from outside. While acknowledging the value of insights gained from this perspective, this paper proposes to draw attention to a different perspective that can also prove useful in both understanding the causes of chronic poverty and looking for its solution. Instead of focusing on the level or the magnitude of endowments possessed by the poor, this new perspective focuses on the structure or composition of endowments. The crucial insight offered by this perspective is that chronic poverty can arise not just from low level of endowments but also from a mismatch between the structure of endowments possessed by the poor and the structure of opportunities open to them. This paper is an attempt to elaborate on this insight and to draw out some of its implications, especially its implication for the relationship between growth and poverty.
Platelets interact with Coxsackieviruses B and have a critical role in the pathogenesis of virus‐induced myocarditis

To further understand the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of viral infections we explored platelet interaction with Coxsackieviruses B (CVB) 1 and 3. CVB is a group of viruses that cause the majority of human enterovirus‐related viral myocarditis; their receptor (CAR) is expressed on the platelet surface and there is a well‐characterized CVB3‐induced myocarditis murine model.
THE CHROMATIC ABERRATION ADJUSTMENT IN LASER OPTOMETRY

Abstract— The issues involved in designing chromatic aberration corrections in laser optometry are reviewed. There is considerable disagreement regarding both the magnitude of human eye chromatic aberration and the value that should be assumed for the reference wavelength. Also important are the observer's accommodative state, target luminance wavelength, laser wavelength, intersubject dioptric variations, and several other factors. The appropriate solution for most experiments appears to be to report no chromatic aberration adjustment at all; rather, the investigator should provide basic technical information from which interested readers can make their own corrections, depending on the assumptions of importance to them.
Efficient ultra-high-voltage controller-based complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor switched-capacitor DC-DC converter for radio-frequency micro-electro-mechanical systems switch actuation

Achieving wireless connectivity in ever smaller, lower power portable devices with increasing number of features and better radio-frequency (RF) performance is becoming difficult to fulfill through existing RF front-end technology. RF micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) switch technology, which has significantly better RF characteristics than conventional technology and has near-zero power consumption, is one of the emerging solutions for next generation RF front-ends. However, to achieve satisfactory RF MEMS device performance, it is often necessary to have an actuating circuitry to generate high direct current (DC) voltages for device actuation with low power consumption. In this study, the authors present an RF MEMS switch controller based on a switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converter in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology. In this design, novel design techniques for a higher output voltage and lower power consumption in a smaller die area are proposed. The authors demonstrate the design of the high-voltage (HV) SC DC-DC converter by using low-voltage transistors and address reliability issues in the design. Through the proposed design techniques, the SC DC-DC converter achieves more than 25% higher boosted voltage compared to converters that use HV transistors. The proposed design provides 40% power reduction through the charge recycling circuit. Moreover, the SC DC-DC converter achieves 45% smaller than the area of the conventional converter.