Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using high quality clinical databases to complement the results of randomised controlled trials: the case of recombinant human activated protein C

Understanding the generalisability (or applicability) of the results of randomised controlled trials in typical clinical practice remains one of the key methodological challenges to achieving a more scientific basis for health care.1 Little effort is made to use a scientific approach to assess generalisability, document the use of a new intervention systematically, or determine whether the trials' results are replicated in real life, either in the original patient groups studied or in other patients who receive the intervention. To explore these issues, we use a case study to describe the practical difficulties that exist for policymakers and clinicians in interpreting the results of a randomised controlled trial evaluating recombinant human activated protein C, a new drug for treating severe sepsis in intensive care patients. We suggest how an existing, high quality, clinical database could provide information on the generalisability of the trial results and on the likely financial consequences of the drug's introduction, and how it could be used to monitor the diffusion and effectiveness of the drug in typical clinical practice. #### Summary points Randomised controlled trials may be performed in atypical settings with atypical patients, making it difficult to assess the generalisability of the results High quality clinical databases could be used to facilitate this assessment and to provide evidence of clinical effectiveness in typical clinical practice The case for using a high quality clinical database in the assessment of recombinant human activated protein C, a new drug for treating severe sepsis in intensive care patients, provides an important topical example Evidence based medicine has focused on understanding the factors affecting the internal validity of randomised controlled trials but has paid far less attention to their generalisability. This is reflected in the many instruments for assessing the quality of trials, which concentrate predominantly on identifying factors that may challenge internal …
Trasplante autólogo de progenitores hematopoyéticos (TAPH) en linfoma folicular (FL). Un análisis de muy largo seguimiento de los pacientes incluidos en el registro español Geltamo centrado en su eficacia y en la posibilidad de curación

Los pacientes con LF presentan un curso clinico indolente y una supervivencia relativamente prolongada, sin embargo el LF continua considerandose una enfermedad incurable con los tratamientos convencionales y la recaida de los pacientes es la norma, alcanzando en las sucesivas recaidas un menor numero de respuestas y de menor duracion. Los enfermos con LF de alto riesgo intensificados con TAPH pueden alcanzar remisiones prolongadas, pero el mejor momento para dicho procedimiento es controvertido. Los enfermos trasplantados en primera remision han demostrado un beneficio en la Supervivencia Libre de Progresion (SLP) en comparacion con los tratados con la terapia convencional o con la inmunoquimioterapia. Sin embargo, ningun estudio randomizado (ER) ha demostrado todavia un beneficio en la Supervivencia Global (SG). No obstante, la mediana de seguimiento de los estudios fase III que evaluan el papel del TAPH es insuficiente para obtener beneficios en terminos de SG. El unico ER disponible que evalua el rol del TAPH en pacientes con LF trasplantados en 2a RC demuestra un beneficio en la SLP y la SG en comparacion con la terapia convencional y ha sido confirmado en varios estudios retrospectivos con largos seguimientos.
De novo Stage IV breast cancer: Breast conserving resection of the primary tumor?

Multiple retrospective reviews completed over the past decade suggest a survival advantage with resection of the intact primary tumor in women with metastatic breast cancer. However, these reviews are not without bias, and recently completed randomized trials do not support a significant survival benefit, although local control benefits may exist. Completion of ongoing trials is needed to reach a definitive conclusion regarding the merit of primary tumor resection for local control and survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:51–57. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Circadian Body Temperature in Chronic Schizophrenia

Summary The 24-hour oral temperatures of 51 chronic schizophrenic patients, 19 non-schizophrenic chronic psychiatric patients and 14 non-patients have been measured and compared. The chronic schizophrenics have an earlier peak temperature and differ significantly from the other groups. Compared with the non-schizophrenic patients their hourly mean temperatures reach significantly higher levels in the morning. Compared with the non-patients their mean temperatures fall to significantly lower levels in the evening after 5.00 pm.
Central adrenergic receptors

In the last 35 years, œand /3-adrenoceptors have been further subdivided into œl and a2 (Langer, 1977; Starke and Langer, 1979, Starke, 1980; for reviews) and /31 and ~32 (Lands et al., 1967), and examined using numerous approaches. Definitions may be: pharmacological (for example, from receptor binding studies), physiological (for example, growth hormone [GH] responses to a2 agonist infusion), or anatomical (for example presynaptic postsynaptic or extrajunctional). Ultimately, these subdivisions may be defined biochemically in terms of the specific proteins involved. Adrenoceptors are intrinsic membrane proteins which have been purified to homogeneity by a combination of affinity chromatography, size exclusion and reverse phase HPLC. The /31 and 02-adrenoceptor subtypes which have been purified from mammalian lung have been shown to have a molecular weight of 60-65 kdal (Shorr et al., 1985). These two receptors appear to have some structural similarity since cross-reactivity is obtained with monoclonal antibodies directed
Response of blood lipids to exercise training alone or combined with dietary intervention.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to review the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on blood lipids and assess dose-response relationships and diet interactions. METHODS We reviewed papers published over the past three decades pertaining to intervention trials on the effects of > or = 12 wk of AET on blood lipids and lipoprotein outcomes in adult men and women. Included were studies with simultaneous dietary and AET interventions, if they had appropriate comparison groups. Studies were classified by the participants' relative weights expressed as mean BMIs. Information was extracted on baseline characteristics of study subjects, including age, sex, and relative baseline cholesterol levels; details on the training programs; and the responses to training of body weight, VO(2max), and blood total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG). RESULTS We identified 51 studies, 28 of which were randomized controlled trials. AET was generally performed at a moderate to hard intensity, with weekly energy expenditures ranging from 2,090 to >20,000 kJ. A marked inconsistency was observed in responsiveness of blood lipids. The most commonly observed change was an increase in HDL-C (with reductions in TC, LDL-C, and TG less frequently observed). Insufficient data are available to establish dose-response relationships between exercise intensity and volume with lipid changes. The increase in HDL-C with AET was inversely associated with its baseline level (r = -0.462), but no significant associations were found with age, sex, weekly volume of exercise, or with exercise-induced changes in body weight or VO(2max). CONCLUSION Moderate- to hard-intensity AET inconsistently results in an improvement in the blood lipid profile, with the data insufficient to establish dose-response relationships.
Parachlamydia acanthamoeba Is Endosymbiotic or Lytic for Acanthamoeba polyphaga Depending on the Incubation Temperature

Abstract: Parachlamydiaceae are potential emerging pathogens that naturally infect free‐living amoebae. We investigated the affects of incubation temperature on the growth and cytopathic effect of P. acanthamoeba in Acanthamoeba polyphaga. A. polyphaga were infected with P. acanthamoeba and incubated at different temperatures for ten days. Bacterial growth was quantified by real‐time PCR. Cytopathic effects were determined by counting the number of cysts and viable amoebae (unstained with trypan blue) in Nageotte counting chambers. Uninfected amoebae cultures were used as negative control. At 32, 35, and 37°C, we observed a significant decrease in the number of viable A. polyphaga that contrasted with the delayed and smaller decrease in the number of living A. polyphaga observed at 25, 28, and 30°C. Higher incubation temperature, which is associated with amoebal lysis, surprisingly was not associated with increased growth rate. P. acanthamoeba is lytic for A. polyphaga at 32–37°C but endosymbiotic at 25–30°C. This suggests that A. polyphaga may be a reservoir of endosymbionts at the lower temperature of the nasal mucosa, which may be liberated by lysis at higher temperature, for instance, when the amoeba is inhaled and reaches the lower respiratory tract.
Age- and species-specific duration of infection in asymptomatic malaria infections in Papua New Guinea

The burden and duration of asymptomatic malaria infections were measured in residents of the malaria endemic village of Gonoa, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax and P. malariae infections in people aged 4 years to adulthood were compared. Frequent sampling at 3-day intervals for up to 61 days allowed assessment of individual episodes of infection. Statistical assessment of P. falciparum detection revealed a periodicity consistent with synchronous replication of this species over periods up to 27 days. The duration of P. falciparum episodes was longer across all age groups than that of P. vivax and P. malariae. A trend for decreasing duration with age was also noted in data from each species. This was most prominent in P. falciparum infections: median duration in 4-year-olds was > 48 days compared with a median between 9 and 15 days in older children and adults. The results are consistent with the slow acquisition of immunity to antigenically diverse Plasmodium populations and suggest a faster rate of acquisition to P. vivax and P. malariae than to P. falciparum.
Interleukin-4 Receptor–Stat6 Signaling in Murine Infections with a Tissue-Dwelling Nematode Parasite

ABSTRACT Interleukin-4 (IL-4) has been shown to be crucial in parasite expulsion in several gastrointestinal nematode infection models. Data from both epidemiological studies with humans and experimental infections in animals imply a critical role for the type II helper response, dominated by IL-4, in host protection. Here we utilized inbred mice on two distinct backgrounds to document the involvement of IL-4 in the clearance of a primary infection of Brugiafrom the murine host. Our data from infections of IL-4 receptor−/− and Stat6−/− mice further indicate that IL-4 exerts its effects by activating the Stat6 molecule in host target cells, a finding which links clearance requirements of a gastrointestinal tract-dwelling nematode with those of a tissue-dwelling nematode. Additionally, we show that the requirements for IL-4 receptor binding and Stat6 activation extend to accelerated clearance of a secondary infection as well. The data shown here, including analysis of cell populations at the site of infection and infection of immunoglobulin E (IgE)−/− mice, lead us to suggest that deficiencies in eosinophil recruitment and isotype switching to IgE production may be at least partially responsible for slower parasite clearance in the absence of IL-4.
Advances in Lung Cancer and Treatment Research

With the advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy over the last decades, the treatment strategies of lung cancer has been largely changed. In this review, we summarize recent advances in lung cancer and treatment research. We discuss current clinical management, highlight stage-specific therapy approaches, chemotherapy options for advanced-stage of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, along with new agents such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib, and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor crizotinib. We also give an outlook into NSCLC disease biology, focuse on the importance of EGFR activating mutations and the role of the tumor-microenvironment. Finally we summarize the new recommendations in treating small-cell-lung cancer (SCLC).
Asthma and Adherence to Inhaled Corticosteroids: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the cornerstone of maintenance asthma therapy. However, in spite of this, adherence to ICS remains low. The aim of this systematic literature review was to provide an overview of the current knowledge of adherence to ICS, effects of poor adherence, and means to improve adherence. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria: 9 focusing on the level of adherence, 6 focusing on effects of poor adherence, and 7 focusing on interventions to improve adherence. Three of the studies focused on more than one of these end points. The mean level of adherence to ICS was found to be between 22 and 63%, with improvement up to and after an exacerbation. Poor adherence was associated with youth, being African-American, having mild asthma, < 12 y of formal education, and poor communication with the health-care provider, whereas improved adherence was associated with being prescribed fixed-combination therapy (ICS and long-acting β2 agonists). Good adherence was associated with higher FEV1, a lower percentage of eosinophils in sputum, reduction in hospitalizations, less use of oral corticosteroids, and lower mortality rate. Overall, 24% of exacerbations and 60% of asthma-related hospitalizations could be attributed to poor adherence. Most studies have reported an increase in adherence following focused interventions, followed by an improvement in quality of life, symptoms, FEV1, and oral corticosteroid use. However, 2 studies found no difference in health-care utilization, one observed no effect on symptoms, and one observed more symptoms in subjects in the intervention group compared with the control group. Good adherence to ICS in asthma improves outcome but remains low. Interventions to improve adherence show varying results, with most studies reporting an increase in adherence but unfortunately not necessarily an improvement in outcome. Even following successful interventions, adherence remains low. Further research is needed to explore barriers to adherence and interventions for improvement.
An SICL-Excited Wideband Circularly Polarized Cavity-Backed Patch Antenna for IEEE 802.11aj (45 GHz) Applications

A wideband circularly polarized cavity-backed patch antenna excited by substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) is proposed in this letter. The antenna is composed of two corner truncated rectangular patches, two L-shaped patches, a backed cavity, and an I-shaped feed network. The four patches and the feed network generate a circularly polarized radiation pattern in a sequential-rotation method. The backed cavity is used to prevent surface wave and increase the directivity. The achieved bandwidth is 15.5% (41.5 ~ 48.5 GHz). The measured impedance bandwidth is 14.65% (41.7 ~ 48.3 GHz). The peak gain is 8.9 dBi, and the 3-dB gain bandwidth is 17.5% (41.5 ~ 49.5 GHz). The measurements are in agreement with the simulations.
UAV obstacle avoidance using RGB-D system

This work proposes an obstacle avoidance strategy for UAV navigation in indoor environments. The proposal is able to compute the distance among the UAV and the obstacles (which change their position dynamically), and then to select the closest one. When a collision risk is pointed out, the algorithm establish some escape points, whose orientation is aligned tangentially to the obstacle edge or to the UAV normal displacement. Considering that only the desired point is change during the avoidance maneuver, the stability of the whole nonlinear system is demonstrated in the sense of Lyapunov. Information Filter is used to track the 3D positioning of the UAV and the obstacles. Moreover, UAV state variables are given by a Decentralized Information Filter, which fuses information from the Inertial Measurement Unit onboard the aircraft and the depth-camera sensor (RGB-D). The effectiveness of the proposal is demonstrated by simulation results, which take into account the AR.drone rotorcraft dynamic model.
Omnidirectional Dual-Polarized Antenna With Sabre-Like Structure

In this communication, a sabre-like dual-polarized antenna with omnidirectional patterns in the azimuthal plane is presented for low wind drag airborne applications. The proposed antenna consists of a thin cavity for the horizontal polarization and a coplanar waveguide-fed monopole for the vertical polarization. The colocated thin cavity and the monopole construct a compact sabre-like structure with low wind drag, and it is suitable for airborne use. Especially, a hybrid-feeding structure, including a capacitive slot-coupled microstrip line and an inductive probe, is proposed for impedance matching of the thin cavity to provide omnidirectionally horizontal polarization. In order to verify the proposed design, a prototype is fabricated and tested with the dimensions of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$42 \times 29 \times 9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>3</sup>. (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.42\lambda _{0} \times 0.24\lambda _{0} \times 0.07\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength at 2.44 GHz.) The measured −10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidths of the two ports are 2.38–2.51 and 2.28–2.53 GHz. The measured gain variation in the azimuth plane is less than 3.60 and 3.45 dB for horizontal polarization and vertical polarization.
Reactive oxygen species modify human DNA, eliciting a more discriminating antigen for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus

During the development of an ELISA to measure anti‐DNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera, native dsDNA was found not to be the most appropriate antigen to use in ELISA assays for differentiating between SLE patients and those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a disease also associated with circulating serum anti‐DNA antibodies. By modifying the ELISA technique to incorporate human DNA, denatured by reactive oxygen species, to detect anti‐DNA antibodies in SLE sera, results consistently showed an increase in antibody binding when compared with the native antigen; no such trend was observed in the comparable group of RA patients. Using this assay serum anti‐dsDNA antibody levels were measured in a group of 20 controls, 20 RA patients (10 seropositive and 10 seronegative) and 30 SLE patients (15 with clinically active disease, 15 with inactive disease). A comparison with the standard radioimmunoassay used to measure anti‐DNA antibodies for the diagnosis of SLE showed that the ELISA assay using modified DNA performed better than the standard radioimmunoassay offering an improvement in both clinical specificity and sensitivity. The improved method particularly reduced the problem of false‐negative results for SLE patients shown clinically to be either mildly active or inactive.
Expert cooperative robots for highly skilled operations for the factory of the future

Grant Agreement No : 314355 Project Acronym : X-act Project Start Date : 1st October, 2012 Consortium : UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS (LMS) Project Coordinator COMAU SPA (COMAU) SIEMENS INDUSTRY SOFTWARE SAS (SIEMENS-PLM) FUNDACION TEKNIKER (TEKNIKER) FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V (F-IPK) TOFAS TURK OTOMOBIL FABRIKASI ANONIM SIRKETI (TOFAS) ALFA HOGAR S.L. (ALFA) PILZ INDUSTRIEELEKTRONIK SL (PILZ) SIEMENS INDUSTRY SOFTWARE LTD (SIEMENS-IND)
Management of pulmonary toxicity associated with targeted anticancer therapies

Introduction: Targeted anticancer therapies act by interfering with defined molecular entities and/or biologic pathways. Because of their more specific mechanism of action, adverse events (AEs) on healthy tissues are intended to be minimal, resulting in a different toxicity profile from that observed with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pulmonary AEs are rare but potentially life-threatening and it is, therefore, critical to recognize early on and manage appropriately. Areas covered: In this review, we aim to offer an overview of both more frequent and rare pulmonary AEs caused by targeted anticancer therapies and discuss possible treatment algorithms. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor and anti-CD20 therapy will be reviewed, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors, anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. Expert opinion: Novel agents used in the treatment of cancer have specific side-effects, the result of allergic reactions, on-target and off-target effects. Clinical syndromes associated with pulmonary toxicity vary from bronchospasms, hypersensitivity reactions, pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress, lung bleeding, pleural effusion to pneumothorax. Knowledge of risk factors, a high index of suspicion and a complete diagnostic work-up are essential for limiting the risk of these events becoming life threatening. The development of treatment algorithms is extremely helpful in managing these events. It is probable that these toxicities will be even more frequent with the introduction of combination therapies with the obvious challenge of discerning the responsible agent.
Recommendations for approaches to meticillin‐resistant staphylococcal infections of small animals: diagnosis, therapeutic considerations and preventative measures. Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology

BACKGROUND Multiple drug resistance (MDR) in staphylococci, including resistance to the semi-synthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillins such as meticillin, is a problem of global proportions that presents serious challenges to the successful treatment of staphylococcal infections of companion animals. OBJECTIVES The objective of this document is to provide harmonized recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of meticillin-resistant staphylococcal infections in dogs and cats. METHODS The authors served as a Guideline Panel (GP) and reviewed the literature available prior to September 2016. The GP prepared a detailed literature review and made recommendations on selected topics. The World Association of Veterinary Dermatology (WAVD) provided guidance and oversight for this process. A draft of the document was presented at the 8th World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology (May 2016) and was then made available via the World Wide Web to the member organizations of the WAVD for a period of three months. Comments were solicited and posted to the GP electronically. Responses were incorporated by the GP into the final document. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to guidelines for the diagnosis, laboratory reporting, judicious therapy (including restriction of use policies for certain antimicrobial drugs), personal hygiene, and environmental cleaning and disinfection may help to mitigate the progressive development and dissemination of MDR staphylococci.
Hiperplasia condilar: Reporte de un caso tratado mediante condilectomía y cirugía ortognática

* Profesora Titular del Curso de Residencia en Cirugia Maxilofacial del Hospital Regional «1o de Octubre», ISSSTE. ** Cirujano Maxilofacial de Practica Privada. Catedratico de Pregrado en la Facultad de Odontologia de la Universidad Michoacana San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan. *** Cirujano Maxilofacial de Practica Privada, Mexico, D.F. **** Residente de tercer ano del Curso de Cirugia Maxilofacial del Hospital Regional «1o de Octubre», ISSSTE.