Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Passive scalar decay laws in isotropic turbulence: Prandtl number effects

The passive scalar dynamics in a freely decaying turbulent flow is studied. The classical framework of homogeneous isotropic turbulence without forcing is considered. Both low and high Reynolds number regimes are investigated for very small and very large Prandtl numbers. The long time behaviours of integrated quantities such as the scalar variance or the scalar dissipation rate are analysed by considering that the decay follows power laws. This study addresses three major topics. First, the Comte-Bellot and Corrsin (CBC) dimensional analysis for the temporal decay exponents is extended to the case of a passive scalar when the permanence of large eddies is broken. Secondly, using numerical simulations based on an eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) model, the time evolution of integrated quantities is accurately determined for a wide range of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. These simulations show that, whatever the values of the Reynolds and the Prandtl numbers are, the decay follows an algebraic law with an exponent very close to the value predicted by the CBC theory. Finally, the initial position of the scalar integral scale $L_{T}$ has no influence on the asymptotic values of the decay exponents, and an analytical law predicting the relative positions of the kinetic and scalar spectra peaks is derived.
Effects of frond length on diverse gastropod assemblages in coralline turf

Habitat mimics were used to investigate the role of coralline algal frond length in determining spatial patterns in diverse gastropod assemblages on a rocky shore near Sydney, Australia. Frond length represents the vertical scale component of habitat structure, which is rarely experimentally manipulated. Length of fronds did not explain differences between gastropod assemblages at different tidal heights or among patches of turf separated by tens of metres in mid-shore areas. In contrast, changes in frond length caused large differences in the structure of gastropod assemblages in low-shore areas. Contrary to previous studies, the total abundance and diversity of gastropods was greater in turf with short fronds than with long fronds. Possible mechanisms for this negative relationship are discussed. Overall, the vertical scale component of habitat structure can have strong effects on associated faunal assemblages, but the magnitude of these effects depend heavily on local environmental conditions (e.g. different tidal heights).
Enumeration and identification of lactic microflora in Algerian goats’ milk

A total of 153 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Algerian goats’ milk. The strains were identified according to morphological, biochemical and physiological criteria, as well as the use of the API system and SDS-PAGE technique. Identification of the isolates revealed the presence of six genera: Enterococcus (41.82%), Lactobacillus (29.40), Lactococcus (19.60%), Leuconostoc (4.57%), Streptococcus thermophilus (3.26%) and Pediococcus (1.30%). The predominant strains belong to Enterococcus faecium (24 isolates), Enterococcus durans (22 isolates), Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (25 isolates), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (9 isolates) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (7 isolates).
Multiplication with Fourier Optics Simulating 16-Bit Modular Multiplication

Though optical computing has been unable to compete with CMOS technology in mainstream computing, its natural capacity for computing Fourier transforms gives it an advantage in convolution-type problems. This may make optics a viable approach in post-Moore‘s era computing. This paper presents an optical approach to one suitable yet nontrivial problem: modular multiplication. We first explore the mathematical details of performing a basic optical convolution using lenses and masks. Then we discuss a simulation tool developed by the authors to explore some design considerations for an optical convolution circuit. Finally, we layout an algorithm for performing Montgomery modular multiplication in an optical system along with simulation results for an all-optical implementation. The proposed approach presents an extremely energy efficient solution to computing 16-bit modular multiplication without the need for analog-digital conversions in intermediate steps.
Strongly autonomous interconnections and stabilization of 2D behaviors

In this paper we study linear discrete two‐dimensional systems in the behavioral context where control is viewed as interconnection. Within this framework the natural concept of regular interconnection has been introduced by J.C. Willems. Here we investigate regular interconnections that yield finite dimensional behaviors using tools previously developed to analyze almost implementation problems. We prove that when a finite dimensional (sub‐) behavior can be achieved from a given behavior by regular interconnection then the controllable part of the original behavior is rectifiable, moreover, in this case all the other sub‐behaviors are almost regularly implementable. We apply these results to characterize all stabilizable behaviors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Species-specific impacts of grazing amphipods in an eelgrass-bed community

Small, grazing invertebrates often benefit seagrasses by cropping their epiphytic algal competitors. Yet predictive relations between grazer abundance and seagrass performance are elu- sive, in significant part because of poorly understood diversity in mesograzer feeding biology. We conducted experiments in eelgrass Zostera marina microcosms to explore how differences in feeding between 2 common grazing amphipod taxa affected accumulation and species composition of epi- phytes on eelgrass, as well as amphipod population growth, competition and production, over a 4-week period in summer. Gammarus mucronatus and ampithoids (a mixture of Cymadusa compta and Ampithoe longimana) were stocked, singly and in combination, along with a grazer-free control treatment. Amphipod population growth rates indicated that the 2 taxa competed for a common lim- iting resource, presumably periphyton, which was essentially eliminated in all grazer treatments. Final abundances of both amphipod taxa were 53 to 68% lower in treatments where the other grazer was present than in single-species grazer treatments. A common carrying capacity was also indicated by the nearly identical final biomass of amphipods across treatments, despite 2-fold variation in ini- tial amphipod densities. These results support the hypothesis that the 2 amphipod taxa are roughly equivalent in terms of resource requirements and production rates. Despite this equivalence, subtle differences in diet breadth between amphipod taxa translated into substantial differences in biomass and composition of the fouling assemblage among treatments. Whereas grazer-free eelgrass became heavily fouled with periphyton and tunicates, eelgrass exposed to G. mucronatus alone was over- grown by the red alga Polysiphonia harveyi, which reached a biomass equal to the total fouling mass of grazer-free controls. P. harveyi was nearly absent from all other treatments. In contrast, eelgrass with ampithoids was virtually devoid of all fouling material. Thus, similar mesograzer species can have markedly different impacts on fouling assemblages, and these occur despite strong similarity in grazer energetics and primary food sources. Our results may help to reconcile evidence of diet over- lap and diffuse competition among mesograzer species with the different feeding preferences and community impacts shown for several mesograzers in experimental studies.
A review on genetic studies in sturgeons and their trade control in China

Summary Eight native species of Acipenseriformes mainly inhabit three geographical regions in China: the Yangtze system, the Amur system and the Xinjiang area. All sturgeon populations in China have suffered from various anthropogenic impacts, pushing them to rarity or extirpation in most of their historical range. Sturgeon aquaculture in China has become popular since 1998 with eleven species and hybrids presently being cultured. In this paper, we firstly review the development and current status of aquaculture with sturgeons and paddlefish in China. Secondly, we present some of the main conclusions that can be drawn from previous conservation genetic and phylogenetic studies in native sturgeon species. The sturgeon trade control in China is also reported in this review. Considering the outcome of all previous studies, we conclude, firstly, in sturgeon aquaculture, capture breeding program is the key to establish a sustainable sturgeon culture industry in China, which will also help sturgeon conservation. Secondly, in conservation genetics, the influence of restocking and release programmes on native populations need to be assessed much more comprehensively in order to avoid admixture and hybridization among genetically different spawning stocks. This holds especially for Chinese sturgeon and Amur sturgeon. Thirdly, in trade control, considering the current endangered status of this species, catch quotas should be based on the results of scientific investigations rather than on official statistics of harvest records. Finally, species identification methods based on the combination of mitochondrial and nuclear markers are still unsufficiently developed in China and in need of rapid attention. They are the first step in structuring and implementing a successful conservation programme and provide the necessary tools for effective international trade control.
Economic policy alternatives and inflation in Russia

Alternative economic policies have been one of the most popular topics of debate among Russian politicians and economists for nearly 10 years and their logic has remained practically unchanged for the whole of the past decade, when these issues became the subject of open and heated political discussion. The government claims that its policy is the only possible one and accuses its opponents of adventurism, while the opposition strongly attacks this policy and promises a radical change of course should it come to power. This was the case during the final period of the Soviet Union's existence, and subsequent events proved that Ryzhkov's claim that there was no alternative to his economic course was—to put it mildly—greatly exaggerated. Events took a similar course in post-reform Russia as well. True, in the latter there might seem to be more ground for the 'no alternative' claim—the replacement of Gaidar with Chernomyrdin, contrary to expectations, did not bring about a change in course but resulted in the waste of two years (1993—94), during which the government hesitated and waited until the autumn 1994 crisis forced the Prime Minister to choose the path of consistent implementation of Gaidar's 1991-92 ideas. This episode can be seen as a confirmation that alternative economic policies do exist. It also, however, brings up the question of the extent to which alternative courses are possible, of the room for manoeuvre in the event of political victory by those forces (communists and/or nationalists) who are today proclaiming their intentions to radically review the economic and political orientation of the country. When answering this question we should not confine ourselves to political slogans and radical opposition platforms (though they cannot be completely ignored either). We should look at theoretically acceptable and practically feasible alternative economic policies, i.e. alternative policies that take into account the inertia of the economic system, on the one hand, and the presence of real social groups with an interest in this or that course of development, on the other. This article therefore aims at analysing realistic (i.e. those which could in principle be implemented) economic policy alternatives in Russia. We shall also look at the logic of stabilisation measures under different alternatives, and particularly at the problem of inflation, as the focus of economic policy debates to-day. ' This is true from both the general economic point of view (the inflation rate is the most important factor in the stability or instability of the economy) and the point of view of the balance of interests of different social groups. Indeed, inflationary processes are no more than processes of redistribution of financial resources among different groups of economic agents. Thus the inflation rate to-day is not only and
Isosymmetric pressure‐induced bonding increase changes compression behavior of clinopyroxenes across jadeite‐aegirine solid solution in subduction zones

Pyroxenes are among the most important minerals of Earth's crust and upper mantle and play significant role in controlling subduction at convergent margins. In this study, synchrotron‐based single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments were carried out on a natural aegirine [NaFe3+Si2O6] sample at ambient temperature and high pressures to 60 GPa, simulating conditions within the coldest part of a subduction zone consisting of old lithosphere. The diffraction data reveal no obvious sign of structural phase transition in aegirine within this pressure range; however, several relevant structural parameter trends change noticeably at approximately 24 GPa, indicating the presence of the previously predicted isosymmetric bonding change, related to increase of coordination number of Na+ at M2 site. The pressure‐volume data, fit with third‐order Birch‐Murnaghan (BM3) equation of state over the whole pressure range, yields KT0 = 126(2) GPa and K′T0 = 3.3(1), while separate BM3 fits performed for the 0–24.0 GPa and 29.9–60.4 GPa pressure ranges give KT0 = 118(3) GPa, K′T0 = 4.2(3) and KT0 = 133(2) GPa, K′T0 = 3.0(1), suggesting that the structure stiffens as a result of the new bond formation. Aegirine exhibits strong anisotropic compression with unit strain axial ratios ε1:ε2:ε3 = 1.00:2.44:1.64. Structural refinements reveal that NaO8 polyhedron is the most compressible and SiO4 tetrahedron has the lowest compressibility. The consequence of bonding transition is that the compressional behavior of aegirine below ~24 GPa and above that pressure is quite different, with likely consequences for relevant thermodynamic parameters and ion diffusion coefficients.
Title What can we learn from good foreign language lea rners ? A qualitative study in the Japanese forei gn language context

This article reports on a qualitative study conducted in the Japanese foreign language (FL) context about good foreign language learners, in which the author analyzes the strategy use reported in 67 books on ‘‘how I have learned a foreign language. ’’ Results suggest that there are strategies especially favored in the Japanese FL context and that the use of some strategies seems to be closely connected to specific stages of learning. Some research implications are also discussed.
Universal features of price formation in financial markets: perspectives from deep learning

Using a large-scale Deep Learning approach applied to a high-frequency database containing billions of market quotes and transactions for US equities, we uncover nonparametric evidence for the existence of a universal and stationary relation between order flow history and the direction of price moves. The universal price formation model exhibits a remarkably stable out-of-sample accuracy across a wide range of stocks and time periods. Interestingly, these results also hold for stocks which are not part of the training sample, showing that the relations captured by the model are universal and not asset-specific. The universal model—trained on data from all stocks—outperforms asset-specific models trained on time series of any given stock. This weighs in favor of pooling together financial data from various stocks, rather than designing asset- or sector-specific models, as is currently commonly done. Standard data normalizations based on volatility, price level or average spread, or partitioning the training data into sectors or categories such as large/small tick stocks, do not improve training results. On the other hand, inclusion of price and order flow history over many past observations improves forecast accuracy, indicating that there is path-dependence in price dynamics.
Assessment of Biofilm Production and Antibiotic Pattern in E. faecium and E. faecalis isolated from Some UTI Iraqi Patients

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) comprise one of the largest classes of infections occurring in both hospital and community (Peleg and Hooper, 2010; Broeren et al., 2011). UTI are classified as uncomplicated or complicated (Stamm et al., 2001). Uncomplicated UTIs occur in sexually active healthy female patients with structurally and functionally normalurinary tracts. Complicated UTIs are those that are associated with comorbid conditions that prolong the need for treatment or increase the chances for therapeutic failure. These conditions include abnormalities of the urinary tract that impede urine flow, the existence of a foreign body (e.g., indwelling catheter, stone), or infection with multidrug resistant pathogens (Hooton, 2000; Stapleton, 2003). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 11 (2016) pp. 161-172 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Assessment of supplier selection for critical items in public organisations of Abu Dhabi

This study examines supplier selection using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The primary objective of this study is to find the best procurement criteria addressing critical items in government organisations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The paper includes a thorough review of the literature on current best practices in procurement and supplier selection, focusing on addressing challenges faced by procurement professionals in public organisations during supplier selection. The study will contribute a new practical model for supplier selection based on the AHP method, and the proposed model will employ new proposed stakeholders' interest factors in selection and is customised for needs of public organisations working in the UAE business environment.
Global gravitational instabilities in discs with infall

Gravitational instability plays an important role in drivi ng gas accretion in massive protostellar discs. Particularly strong is the global gravita tional instability, which arises when the disc mass is of order 0.1 of the mass of the central star and has a characteristic spatial scale much greater than the disc’s vertical scale-height. In this paper we use three-dimensional numerical hydrodynamics to study the development of gravitational instabilities in a disc which is embedded in a dense, gaseous envelope. We find that global g ravitational instabilities are the dominant mode of angular momentum transport in the disc with infall, in contrast to otherwise identical isolated discs. The accretion torques cre ated by low-order, global modes of the gravitational instability in a disc subject to infall ar e larger by a factor of several than an isolated disc of the same mass. We show that this global gravitational instability is driven by the strong vertical shear at the interface between the disc a nd the envelope, and suggest that this process may be an important means of driving accretion on to young stars.
The importance of contrail ice formation for mitigating the climate impact of aviation

Aircraft contrails and the cirrus clouds arising from them contribute substantially to aviation‐induced climate forcing. The share of aviation in anthropogenic climate change can be reduced by avoiding contrail cirrus formation. The mitigation potential of altering the contrail formation stage is explored using a microphysical model to show how reductions in soot particle number emissions from jet engines, reductions in mean soot particle size, and a decrease in the supersaturation of aircraft exhaust plumes substantially lowers the optical depth of young contrails thereby decreasing the occurrence, lifetime, and radiative impact of contrail cirrus. The improved scientific understanding of initial ice formation processes allows atmospheric effects of mitigation options related to contrail cirrus to be investigated in unprecedented detail, especially those associated with the use of alternative aviation fuels. This study will enable a leap forward toward more reliable simulations addressing global climatic effects of contrail‐induced cloudiness.
Generalization Bound for Multiple Source Domain Adaptation

While domain adaptation has been actively researched, most algorithms focus on the single-source-single-target adaptation setting. In this paper we propose new generalization bounds and algorithms under both classification and regression settings for unsupervised multiple source domain adaptation. Our theoretical analysis naturally leads to an efficient learning strategy using adversarial neural networks: we show how to interpret it as learning feature representations that are invariant to the multiple domain shifts while still being discriminative for the learning task. To this end, we propose multisource domain adversarial networks (MDAN) that approach domain adaptation by optimizing task-adaptive generalization bounds. To demonstrate the effectiveness of MDAN, we conduct extensive experiments showing superior adaptation performance on both classification and regression problems: sentiment analysis, digit classification, and vehicle counting.
Antioxidant activity of Eclipta alba extract

Eclipta alba (Asteraceae) is used traditionally in ayurvedic system of medicine in India for the treatment of liver diseases and also used as a liver tonic. In vitro antioxidant activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eclipta alba was evaluated by studying superoxide radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, nitrous oxide radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing ability and Fe+2 chelating ability using standard procedure. Identification and quantification of the wedelolactone, one of the active constituents of the Eclipta alba plant extract, was carried out by HPLC analysis. Result of the present study indicates that the Eclipta alba extract shows high amount of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and ascorbic acid contents. Hydroalcoholic extract of Eclipta alba effectively scavenged free radicals at all different concentrations and showed potent antioxidant potency and effects were in a dose-dependent manner. Eclipta alba extract possess potent antioxidative properties.
Motives for Semantic Borrowing and Calquing from Old Chinese into Japanese

This presentation examines the metalinguistic motives behind semantic borrowing and calquing from Old Chinese into Japanese. Traditionally, semantic loans and calques are said to derive from homonymy and synonymy between the donor and recipient languages; however, in Japanese, no homonymy and oftentimes little synonymy are observed between the two languages. Instead, semantic loans and calques are believed to arise from prescribed translation practices such as kundoku, the word-by-word rendering of Chinese texts into Japanese, and kun-yomi, the ascribing of Japanese native words to Chinese characters. This practice of prescribed translation plays a crucial role in the historical development of Japanese.