Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of different breeds and gender of cattle on fat and fatty acid content of beef

【Objective】 This study was to investigate the effect of different breeds and gender of cattle on fat and fatty acid content of beef,and to privide evidence for the varietal improvement and fattening. 【Method】 The Ribeye samples of 15 BMY feedlot steers,9 Yunnan cattle(YN,4 female and 5 feedlot steers),6 Shorthorn×Yunnan cattle(SHY) feedlot steers,4 Simmental×Yunnan cattle(SIY) feedlot steers which had been fattened for 12-14 months were collected and sealed in clean fresh frozen bag.Crude fat and fatty acid contents of beef were determined. 【Result】 There were no significant differences(P0.05) for crude fat and fatty acid content of beef between the female cattle and the steers.There were no significant differences(P0.05) for crude fat of beef among the BMY steers,YN steers,SHY steers,SIY steers.Relative content of Myristic acid of beef from the YN steers was significantly lower(P0.05) than that from the SHY steers and SIY steers,but was not significantly different(P0.05) compared with that of the BMY steers.Relative content of Hexa-decanoic acidin of beef from the YN steers was significantly lower(P0.05) than that from the BMY steers,SHY steers and SIY steers.Relative content of Linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids of beef from the BMY steers was significantly higher(P0.01) than that from the SHY steers.Relative content of Linoleic acid of beef from the YN steers was significantly higher(P0.05) than that from the SHY steers. 【Conclusion】 There were no(P0.05) gender differences for the crude fat and fatty acid levels of beef.Breeds only affected Myristic acid,Hexadecanoic acid and Linoleic acid content of beef.There were no(P0.05) breed differences for the other 7 fatty acids of beef.
Experimental study of lipid membranes: lipid domain formation and peptide aggregation.

In the presented work we have attemptted to improve our understanding of the factors which lead to the formation of lipid membrane spatial heterogeneities, caused by mixtures of different lipids and/or transmembrane peptides. The demonstrated microscopic organization of lipid macrodomains in simple two-component lipid bilayers is of primary interest for structural biology where the origins and functions of lipid domains are currently intensively discussed. The phase behavior and structural domain formation approximates cell membrane behavior encountered in a native environment and points the way to an improved understanding of the physico-chemical properties of cell membranes and their associated physiology. In turn, directly observed and quantitatively analyzed peptide aggregation in phosphocholine membranes gives insights into the mechanisms behind protein-lipid interactions, the importance of which for the biological membrane functioning can hardly be overestimated.
Norovirus Infection among Children Under 5 Years of Age In Niger-Delta Zone, Nigeria

Background: Norovirus is now recognized as a major cause of gastroenteritis among children worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Norovirus infection among children that are less than five years of age in Niger-Delta zone, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 263 subjects consisted of 163 children with diarrhea attending Paediat-ric clinics at the Central Hospital, Warri and Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa as well as 100 aged- and sex-matched healthy individuals that served as controls were recruited for this study. Demographic information was obtained through the aid of a well-structured questionnaires. Norovirus was detected by using a rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assay kit (Biopanda reagents, Belfast, United Kingdom). Results: The overall prevalence of Norovirus infection was 15.3%. The prevalence of Norovirus infection was significantly higher in Delta State than in Bayelsa State (22.9 % vs. 6.7%; OR= 3.6615; 95% CI = 1.378, 9.725; P=0.0092). Children that are less than 5 years of age attending day care centers are greatly affected by Norovirus infection (P=0.0044). Also, poor hand hygiene practice was also a significant risk factor for Norovirus infection among study subjects (P=0.0036). Furthermore, secretors were found to have a 1 to 334 fold increased risk of acquiring Norovirus infection in Delta State than in Bayelsa State (OR=19.28, 95% C.I, 1.1102, 334.68, P=0.0422). Conclusion: The need for routine screening for Norovirus infection among children with diarrhea is advocated. Data from this study as well suggests that genetic and environmental factors play a role in Norovirus infection.
Chemo-sensitivity enhancing effects of Shengmai Injection on various chemotherapeutic drugs

Objective To investigate the chemo-sensitivity enhancing effect and its major active mechanism of Shengmai Injection (SMI). Methods MTT assay was used to determine the chemo-sensitivity enhancing activity of SMI combined with various currentused chemotherapeutic drugs. Flow cytometry was conducted to determine the effect of Epirubicin combined with SMI on the cell cycle distribution and apoptotic cell death, and the mRNA expression level of MDR-1 gene was determined by RT-PCR. Results SMI (30 μL/mL) combined with gemcitabine, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and Epirubicin exihibited the potent antiproliferative effects on human lung carcinoma A549, gastric carcinoma SGC-7901, breast carcinoma MCF-7, and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cell lines, respectively. SMI showed the most significant enhancing effects on HepG-2 cells in combination with Epirubicin, and the sensitivity of HepG-2 to Epirubicin was increased by 16 fold. Whereas SMI (30 μL/mL) alone did not affect the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of HepG-2 cells, it enhanced the cellular responses when combined with Epirubincin together with a down-regulated mRNA level of MDR-1 gene. Conclusion SMI combined with the different chemotherapeutic drugs could enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells significantly via down-regulating the mRNA expression level of MDR-1 and the expression of P-glucoprotein with the excretion of drugs.
Effect of HMW-GS 5+10 on Quality Parameters of Strong-gluten Spring Wheat Cultivar Xiaobingmai 33

HMW-GS 5+10 gene was introduced into an extra strong gluten wheat Xiaobingmai 33 by 6 (consecutive) (backcrosses) with biochemical marker assisted selection. The pair of NILs used in this study shared the same genetic background and differed only at the Glu-D1 locus. The data showed that when the protein content was 18% in both lines, gluten index, development time, stability, departure time, valorimeter value, (maximum) resistance and area increased by 3.1 %、76.9%、36.7%、27.9%、10.0%、16.3%、7.7%, (respectively) for (Xiaobingmai) 33 with 5+10 subunit, while compared with Xiaobingmai 33 with 2+12 subunit. But for wet gluten content, water absorption, and (extensibility), Xiaobingmai 33 with 5+10 subunit was (slightly) (lower) than that of Xiaobingmai 33 with 2+12 subunit.
Effect of Farm Yard Manure and Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Spring Wheat under Cold Arid Region, Leh(Ladakh)

The study was undertaken with two levels of FYM (0, 20 t/ha) and six levels of phosphorus (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 kg/ha) to observe the effect on spring wheat under the cold arid region. The significant effect of FYM was found with respect to plant height, ear-length, number of tillers and grain and straw yield of wheat. However, weight of 1000 grain was non significant. The growth parameters, yield and protein content increased with increasing level of phosphorus up to 75 kg P 2O 5/ha.
Deposited in DRO : 21 May 2018 Version of attached le :

Publisher's copyright statement: This is the accepted version of the following article: de Haas, T. , Kruijt, A. Densmore, A.L. (2018). E ects of debrisow magnitude-frequency distribution on avulsions and fan development. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 43(13): 2779-2793, which has been published in nal form at https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4432. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.
Effects of EGCG on regulating NF-κB/p65 induced by TNF-α and on inducing apoptosis

Background and purpose:Anticancer mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)remains unclear.This study was to investigate the effects of EGCG on induction of apoptosis by TNF-α through translocation of NF-κB/p65 into SGC-7901 cellular nucleus.Methods:Hoechst staining method was used to display the apoptosis form of SGC-7901 induced by EGCG.The disposition of NF-κB/p65 was detected by Western blot.The effect of EGCG on induction of apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry(FCM)and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis.Results:Hoechst staining method showed that EGCG could significantly induce apoptosis of SGC-7901.After being exposed to EGCG,the cell nucleus changed to shiver and pallor.After being treated by 10 ng/ml TNF-α at various times(30,60,90 and 120 min),an inductor of regulating NF-κB/p65,the expression of NF-κB/p65 in the cell nucleus increased obviously.It displayed a platform after being treated for 60 minutes.Incubation with 60 μg/ml EGCG at various times(0,12,24,36,48 h)before TNF-α(10 ng/ml,60 min)treatment,the expression of NF-κB/p65 in the cell nucleus decreased in a time-depended manner that reached plateau after treated for 24 h.Being treated with EGCG for 24 h at various concentrations(40,60,80,100 μg/ml)before the TNF-α(10 ng/ml,60 min),the expression of NF-κB/p65 in the cell nucleus decreased in a dose-depended manner.Analysis by flow cytometry showed that the percentages of apoptosis was 3.7% in cells exposed to 10 ng/ml TNF-α,60 min,apoptotic percentage was 16.6% after cells exposed to 60 μg/ml EGCG(24 h)before TNF-α(10 ng/ml,60 min). It could reach to 21.4% after cells were exposed to PDTC(100 μmol/L,30 min,before TNF-α),a suppressor of NF-κB. In DNA agarose gel electrophoresis,"Ladder"bands occurred after the treatment with EGCG(60 μg/ml,24 h)before TNF-α(10 ng/ml,60 min). The "Ladder"bands also occurred after incubation with PDTC(100 μmol/L,30 min)before TNF-α(10 ng/ml,60 min). Conclusions:EGCG could inhibit the translocation of NF-κB/p65's into the cell nucleus induced by TNF-α,and could significantly induce apoptosis through this pathway.
Changes in Milk Composition during Lactation in the Northern Elephant Seal

Elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris, are exceptional mammals in that females fast entirely during nursing while their pups may quadruple in weight over the 28-day suckling period. Obviously, all water and nutrients for both pup and mother must be derived from the females' body reserves. Thus one might anticipate changes in milk composition during nursing which reflect the physiological requirements of both parent and offspring. Milk samples were taken from 20 females in the field at known times in their respective nursing cycles during the 1976-77 breeding season on Año Nuevo Island, California. The milk was analyzed for: percent H₂O, percent protein, percent fat, fatty acid composition, and the presence of reducing sugars. During the first 21 days of lactation, fat and water content of milk changed with mirror-image kinetics; fat rising from approximately 15% to a plateau of approximately 55%, while water content fell from approximately 75% to a constant level of approximately 35%. Plateau values persisted until weaning. Protein content remained fairly constant during lactation, comprising 5%-12% of milk by weight. Fatty acid composition of milk lipids varied little throughout nursing; 16:0, 18: 1, and 20:1 species accounting for ≥70% of total lipid. In all samples reducing sugars were below the detectable limit (0.25%). These results must reflect strong selection pressure for short, intense, and highly efficient nursing regimes in species which fast during lactation, as compared with conventional mammalian nursing strategies.
A Review on Nanosuspensionspromising Drug Delivery Strategy.

Nanotechnology has emerged as a tremendous field in the medicine.Nano refers toparticles size range of 1-1000nm. Nanosuspensions are part of nanotechnology. Many of the drug candidates are exhibiting poor aqueous solubility. Solubility of a drug can be a limiting factor for its formulation into a suitable dosage form and it influences the effectiveness of a drug to a large extent. Nanosuspensions are defined as the sub-micron colloidal dispersions of pure drug particles stabilized by surfactants. Nanosuspensions differ from nanoparticles and solid lipid nanoparticles with respect to the fact that nanoparticles are polymeric colloidal carrier of drugs while SLN (solid-lipid nanoparticle) are lipidic carrier of drugs. Nanosuspensions can be successfully utilized for the delivery of poorly water soluble drug candidates. Formulation of lipophillic drugs into nanosuspensions improves their stability and also enhances their bioavailability significantly. Nanosuspensions have unique advantages for which they have been utilized for the production of dosage forms suitable for administration through oral, parenteral, ocular and pulmonary routes. Nanosuspensions can be manufactured using the ‘Top Down’ or ‘Bottom’s up’ technology and employ a variety of components including surfactants for stability purposes and polymers for sustained release of drug in certain formulations.
Effects of CO2 on leaf conductance and canopy transpiration of greenhouse grown cucumber and tomato

The effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) on stomatal opening and canopy transpiration were investigated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Jessica) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Calypso). Stomatal opening (i.e. leaf conductance, g) was measured with a porometer, and canopy transpiration rate (E) with weighing lysimeters on intact plants in large greenhouses. Regression analysis was applied to account for the effects of radiation, air humidity, leaf temperature and CO2 on g. The effect of CO2 on E, which is primarily through g and secondarily through adjusted air humidity, was investigated by combining the regression equation for g with the Penman-Monteith equation for E. The relative effect of CO2, as calculated with the fitted regression equations, was a decrease of about 4% in g for cucumber and of about 3% for tomato, per 100 μol mol-1 increase in CO2, in the range of about 300 to 1200 μmol mol−1 CO2. The effect of CO2 on E was smaller than on g and the extent of the effect depended on th.
Multi-choice wavelet thresholding based binary classification method

Data mining is one of the most effective statistical methodologies to investigate a variety of problems in areas including pattern recognition, machine learning, bioinformatics, chemometrics, and statistics. In particular, statistically-sophisticated procedures that emphasize on reliability of results and computational efficiency are required for the analysis of high-dimensional data. Optimization principles can play a significant role in the rationalization and validation of specialized data mining procedures. This paper presents a novel methodology which is Multi-Choice Wavelet Thresholding (MCWT) based three-step methodology consists of three processes: perception (dimension reduction), decision (feature ranking), and cognition (model selection). In these steps three concepts known as wavelet thresholding, support vector machines for classification and information complexity are integrated to evaluate learning models. Three published data sets are used to illustrate the proposed methodology. Additionally, performance comparisons with recent and widely applied methods are shown.
Effects of 5′Upstream Region Deletion on Rice Waxy Gene Expression

We have previously demonstratedthat 3. 4 kb (-2118～+1291 bp) sequence located upstream of translationalstart site of rice waxy gene is sufficientto drive the expression of the GUS reporter gene in rice immature embryos.To identify the cis-acting element (s)within the 5' upstream region of therice waxy gene, a series of deletion mutants was constructed by using Exo Ⅲ todigest the waxy promoter from 5' end(Fig. 2 ). Each of the chimeric genesconsisting of these deleted sequences andcoding sequence of beta-glucuronidase(GUS) gene was respectively introduced into rice protoplasts mediated byPEG and the expression of the chimericgene was examined after incubation ofthese protoplastS for 48 h at 26℃The luciferase (LUC) gene was co-introduced in each experiment, and itsexpression evaluated as an internal control. The data showed that the GUS activity decreased as the 5' upstream region was shortened. When the waxypromoter was deleted from -861 bp to-640 bp, the GUS relative activitydramatically decreased. this result implicates that a cis-acting element locatedbetween -861 hp and -640 hp mayplay a regulatory role in the expressionof the rice waxy gene (Fig. 1).
Influence of weather parameters on population dynamics of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in mustard

Population dynamics of L. erysimi and its parasitoid D. rapae was found to be influenced by various weather parameters. Maximum and minimum temperature, average wind speed and bright sunshine hours had significant positive correlation with number of L. erysimi individuals/sampling unit, whereas percent L. erysimi parasitization by D. rapae/sampling unit was positively correlated with maximum and minimum temperature, bright sunshine hours and evaporation. The best fitted power regression equation indicated that up to 85% of variability of L. erysimi population could be explained by weather parameters as compared to 79% of per cent parasitisation of L. erysimi due to D. rapae.
Advances in glycosidation modification of flavonoids

Flavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites produced by plants,most of them show biological activities such as antibacterial,anticancer and antioxidative activities.It is reported that chemical modification of glycosidation maybe improve their biological activities. ,stability and water solubility.Advances in glycosidatiion modification of flavonoids were reviewed in this paper.
Chinstrap and macaroni penguin diet and demography at Nyrøysa, Bouvetøya

Abstract Knowledge regarding interactions between predators and their prey is fundamental for understanding underlying links between climate change and ecosystem responses, including predator demographics, in the Southern Ocean. This study reports data on reproductive performance, total population size and diet composition for macaroni and chinstrap penguins breeding at Nyrøysa on Bouvetøya during the summers of 1996–97, 1998–99, 2000–01 and 2007–08. The breeding populations of these two species at Nyrøysa decreased significantly over the study period, with an 80% decline for chinstraps and a 50% decline for macaroni penguins, despite relatively high levels of chick production. During this period macaroni penguins at this site ate a diverse diet, dominated by myctophid fish and two krill species, whereas chinstrap penguins were Antarctic krill specialists. The population changes are probably primarily due to the expanding Antarctic fur seal population, and also to landslides that are the result of increased melting on the island which have destroyed penguin breeding sites. Additional impacts from global warming of the ocean might also be playing a role and could exacerbate the decline in these penguin populations if krill and other prey are negatively impacted in the future in this region. The local chinstrap penguin population would probably be most heavily affected given its narrow feeding niche and small current population size.
Cloning,temporal expression of a juvenile hormone binding protein gene in Laodelphax striatellus(Fallén)

In this paper,a full-length JHBP cDNA was cloned from Laodelphax striatellus by the combination use of bioinformatics and RACE strategy.The gene was named as LstrJHBP with a GenBank accession number of JF728808.LstrJHBP was 1 514 bp in length,including an ORF encoding 289 amino acids and a 5′UTR of 124 bp and a 3′UTR of 522 bp.The predicted molecular mass and isoelectric point of LstrJHBP were 32 599 and 5.47,respectively.LstrJHBP was assumed to be a cytosolic JHBP,according to signal peptide prediction,amino acid sequence and evolutional analysis with other insect JHBPs.By using quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),the temporal expression profile of LstrJHBP was studied.The results showed that LstrJHBP gene was expressed throughout nymph stage to adult stages,but the expression level was significantly higher in nymph of 4th instar than those of other instars,while expression levels between male and female adults were not significantly different.These results provide basis for the elucidation of the regulation of development and metamorphorsis in L.striatellus.
Succession of the original Castanopsis chinensis-Cryptocarya chinensis-Schima superba community of monsoom evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan Nature Reserve

The monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (MEBF) in Dinghushan Nature Reserve (DNR) has been considered as a zonal vegetation in lower subtropical China, with a history of more than 400 years. Its community structure, species diversity and community dynamics have been studied since 1956, so a lot of data have been well accumulated, which benefits the study on community succession.Based on the data from five-time survey in a 2000m~2 permanent plot of the original Castanopsis chinensis - Cryptocarya chinensis - Schima superba community of MEBF in DNR, the community dynamics of species composition and species diversity in a twenty-year successional process,its future successional tendency and the main factors that influenced the community succession were studied in this paper. The results were showed as follows:(1) Changes of the number of individuals of community demonstrated a “W” shape tendency. (2)Due to insect irruption, the population size of Cryptocarya concinna and Cryptocarya chinensis decreased by 100%, 98.21%,respectively, which led to lose their dominant status,and the number of individuals of the Lauraceae decreased by 95.35%; Similarly, the population size of Castanopsis chinensis and Schima superba decreased with successional processes; Therefore, original community should be renamed as Castanopsis chinensis - Aporosa yunnanensis - Schima superba in 2002. (3) The important value of all Heliophytes in the community fluctuated from 18.87 to 27.73, maximized in 2002. (4) Differences in species composition among commuities increased with the community successional time, but their changes were no obvious within 20 years. (5) Species richness appeared a little fluctuation, and the values of SW index, evenness index and Simpson index of community fluctuated within the ranges of 3.3904～3.5724, 0.6175～0.6540 and 0.1837～0.2477, respectively. The maximum value of SW index occurred in 2002. The changes of SW and evenness indices were similar to that of the number of individuals in the community,but the change of Simpson index was contrary to that of evenness index. Although species composition and species diversity fluctuated slightly, the community still maintained relatively stable. (6) The main factors that influenced community succession and led to community fluctuation might include both natural disturbances (insect irruption, catastrophic weather) and human disturbances (tourism and research activities). (7) The community will approach to a climax in the future, but the opinion that the climax community of Dinghushan characterized by the dominant species of Cryptocarya concinna - Cryptocarya chinensis needs to be further testified.