Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A survey on tag recommendation methods

Tags (keywords freely assigned by users to describe web content) have become highly popular on Web 2.0 applications, because of the strong stimuli and easiness for users to create and describe their own content. This increase in tag popularity has led to a vast literature on tag recommendation methods. These methods aim at assisting users in the tagging process, possibly increasing the quality of the generated tags and, consequently, improving the quality of the information retrieval (IR) services that rely on tags as data sources. Regardless of the numerous and diversified previous studies on tag recommendation, to our knowledge, no previous work has summarized and organized them into a single survey article. In this article, we propose a taxonomy for tag recommendation methods, classifying them according to the target of the recommendations, their objectives, exploited data sources, and underlying techniques. Moreover, we provide a critical overview of these methods, pointing out their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we describe the main open challenges related to the field, such as tag ambiguity, cold start, and evaluation issues.
Molecular Cloning, Biochemical Characterization, and Partial Protective Immunity of the Heme-Binding Glutathione S-Transferases from the Human Hookworm Necator americanus

ABSTRACT Hookworm glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are critical for parasite blood feeding and survival and represent potential targets for vaccination. Three cDNAs, each encoding a full-length GST protein from the human hookworm Necator americanus (and designated Na-GST-1, Na-GST-2, and Na-GST-3, respectively) were isolated from cDNA based on their sequence similarity to Ac-GST-1, a GST from the dog hookworm Ancylostoma caninum. The open reading frames of the three N. americanus GSTs each contain 206 amino acids with 51% to 69% sequence identity between each other and Ac-GST-1. Sequence alignment with GSTs from other organisms shows that the three Na-GSTs belong to a nematode-specific nu-class GST family. All three Na-GSTs, when expressed in Pichia pastoris, exhibited low lipid peroxidase and glutathione-conjugating enzymatic activities but high heme-binding capacities, and they may be involved in the detoxification and/or transport of heme. In two separate vaccine trials, recombinant Na-GST-1 formulated with Alhydrogel elicited 32 and 39% reductions in adult hookworm burdens (P < 0.05) following N. americanus larval challenge relative to the results for a group immunized with Alhydrogel alone. In contrast, no protection was observed in vaccine trials with Na-GST-2 or Na-GST-3. On the basis of these and other preclinical data, Na-GST-1 is under possible consideration for further vaccine development.
A new current control of High Instantaneous Power Impulse Converter

This paper presents a new control algorithm of High Instantaneous Power Impulse Converter (HIPIC). HIPIC is characterized by high power in megawatt range delivered to the output in very short time. A new algorithm allows fast rising of output current to the set value and a proper peak current control during the impulse by using two types of controllers: hysteresis and PID. Moreover capacitor voltage change compensation (CCVC) has been introduced because high power impulse causes significant discharge of capacitors in this system. Additionally, interleave of switching for parallel transistor yields an improvement of the output peak current control. Thanks to all of those features the output current control response is accurate, fast in range of few microseconds and it allows operation in very dynamic conditions. The output current is almost rectangular in shape.
Oligomerization of glycolipid-anchored and soluble forms of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein

The vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein forms noncovalently linked trimers in the endoplasmic reticulum before being transported to the Golgi apparatus. The experiments reported here were designed to determine if the extracellular domain of the glycoprotein contains structural information sufficient to direct trimer formation. To accomplish this, we generated a construct encoding G protein with the normal transmembrane and anchor sequences replaced with the sequence encoding 53 C-terminal amino acids from the Thy-1.1 glycoprotein. We show here that these sequences were able to specify glycolipid addition to the truncated G protein, probably after cleavage of 31 amino acids derived from Thy-1.1. The glycolipid-anchored G protein formed trimers and was expressed on the cell surface in a form that could be cleaved by phosphoinositol-specific phospholipase C. However, the rate of transport was reduced, compared with that of wild-type G protein. A second form of the G protein was generated by deletion of only the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. This mutant protein also formed trimers with relatively high efficiency and was secreted slowly from cells.
Immunogenic, cellular, and angiogenic drivers of tumor dormancy‐a melanoma view

In tumor cells, the ability to maintain viability over long time periods without proliferation is referred to as a state of dormancy. Maintenance of dormancy is controlled by numerous cellular and environmental factors, from immune surveillance and tumor–stroma interaction to intracellular signaling. Interference of dormancy (to an ‘awaken’ state) is associated with reduced response to therapy, resulting in relapse or in metastatic burst. Thus, maintaining a dormant state should prolong therapeutic responses and delay metastasis. Technical obstacles in studying tumor dormancy have limited our understanding of underlying mechanisms and hampered our ability to target dormant cells. In this review, we summarize the progress of research in the field of immunogenic, angiogenic, and cellular dormancy in diverse malignancies with particular attention to our current understanding in melanoma.
The phonological voicing contrast in Czech: an EPG study of phonated and whispered fricatives

Czech represents a language with a high correlation between phonological and phonetic voicing, but the perception of the voicing contrast is supported by other phonetic correlates. We employed electropalatography (EPG) to investigate the articulatory correlates of the voicing contrast in phonated and whispered speech. Eight subjects read short sentences and VCV sequences with alveolar/postalveolar fricatives as target sounds. The results revealed significant differences in the contact patterns of fortis (voiceless) and lenis (voiced) fricatives in phonated speech but the differences diminished in whisper. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to general phonetic theory.
Poly-GrETEL: Cross-Lingual Example-based Querying of Syntactic Constructions

We present Poly-GrETEL, an online tool which enables syntactic querying in parallel treebanks, based on the monolingual GrETEL environment. We provide online access to the Europarl parallel treebank for Dutch and English, allowing users to query the treebank using either an XPath expression or an example sentence in order to look for similar constructions. We provide automatic alignments between the nodes. By combining example-based query functionality with node alignments, we limit the need for users to be familiar with the query language and the structure of the trees in the source and target language, thus facilitating the use of parallel corpora for comparative linguistics and translation studies.
Analysis of Seizure Onset on the Basis of Wideband EEG Recordings

Summary: Seventy‐five seizure onsets recorded with depth electrodes in the frequency band from 0.1 to 70 Hz were analyzed in 19 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. It was shown that 89% of low‐voltage fast‐type seizures contained an initial slow wave, whereas hypersynchronous‐type seizures did not show an initial slow wave. Voltage depth profile analysis illustrated that the peak amplitude of the initial slow‐wave onset was in white matter, whereas the peak amplitude of hypersynchronous onset was in deep temporal areas (hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, or amygdala). The difference in voltage depth profiles suggests that these two types of seizure onsets have different mechanisms of generation. The absence of phase reversal of the initial slow wave in white matter or at the border of deep temporal areas indicates a possible nonneuronal mechanism of generation.
An incremental approach to reachability analysis of distributed programs

We present an incremental approach to reachability analysis of distributed programs with synchronous communication and mailbox naming. Each process in a distributed program can be modeled as a communicating finite state machine (CFSM). A set of CFSMs is organized into a hierarchy. We present an algorithm that, for a given hierarchy of a set M of CFSMs, incrementally composes and reduces subsets of CFSMs in M. This incremental reachability analysis guarantees the detection of global deadlocks. We provide an algorithm for selecting a hierarchy for a set of CFSMs and show an incremental analysis of the gas station problem. <<ETX>>
Estrogen and hearing: a summary of recent investigations

Is the female sex steroid estrogen the key to preserved hearing in the aging human? This question remains unanswered, but hearing loss is more profound in elderly males than females. There are also well-known sex differences in the auditory brainstem response (ABR), i.e. women have shorter latencies than men. Moreover, menopausal women who are administered hormone replacement therapy have slightly better hearing than those who are not, and women with Turner's syndrome (45,X), who are biologically estrogen-deficient, show longer ABR latencies and early presbyacusis. These findings are also supported by animal experiments. When boosted with estrogen or testosterone the non-reproductive female midshipman fish alters its inner ear auditory mechanism so that it can hear the male's hum-like call. If estrogen receptor β is knocked out in mice, severe progressive hearing loss occurs, leading to early deafness. In apparent contradiction to these findings, there have been case reports suggesting that hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptive use can lead to hearing loss, but of another type, namely acute sudden deafness. Such contradictory aspects of the action of estrogen are commonly found and may spring from the fact that there are two estrogen receptors, α and β, both of which are present in the inner ear of mice, rats and humans. Knowing how sex steroids can alter hearing ability may give important clues as to how estrogen can preserve hearing in humans. In this review we present a summary of current knowledge about hearing and estrogen.
Azithromycin Prevents Recurrence of Severe Trichiasis Following Trichiasis Surgery: STAR Trial

Purpose: Trichiasis, the potentially visually disabling result of chronic trachoma, is a leading cause of blindness world wide. Surgery can repair trichiasis, but recurrence of severe trichiasis (lashes touching the cornea) following surgery is likely to have immediate vision threatening consequences. Azithromycin use post-surgery appeared to be beneficial against recurrences but there were a mix of severe, moderate, and mild trichiasis; the specific effect on prevention of severe, vision-threatening recurrence is unknown. This randomized, clinical trial determined if treating trichiasis surgical patients with oral azithromycin compared to usual care (topical tetracycline) resulted in a reduction in severe recurrence of trichiasis to one year. Methods: In a rural, trachoma hyperendemic district in Ethiopia, 1452 trichiasis patients age 18 or older presenting for surgery were randomly allocated to azithromycin, single 1 gram dose, versus topical tetracycline twice per day for six weeks. The outcome was recurrent severe trichiasis, defined as lashes touching the cornea, or more than 5 lashes touching the globe, to one year. Results: Patients randomized to receive azithromycin had significantly fewer severe recurrences, 4.2/100 person years overall, compared to those randomized to topical tetracycline, 7.9/100 person years (p < 0.01). Conclusions: A single dose of azithromycin has been shown to reduce severe post-surgical trichiasis recurrence rates to one year and should become standard post surgical treatment.
Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: Risk Factors for Major Morbidity and Mortality

BACKGROUND:Bilateral total knee arthroplasty (BTKA) performed during the same hospitalization carries increased risk for morbidity and mortality compared with the unilateral approach. However, no evidence-based stratifications to identify patients at risk for major morbidity and mortality are available. Our objective was to determine the incidence and patient-related risk factors for major morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing BTKA. METHODS:Nationwide Inpatient Survey data collected for the years 1998 to 2007 were analyzed and cases of elective BTKA procedures were included. Patient demographics, including comorbidities, were analyzed and frequencies of mortality and major complications were computed. Subsequently, a multivariate analysis was conducted to determine independent risk factors for major morbidity and mortality. RESULTS:Included were 42,003 database entries, representing an estimated 206,573 elective BTKAs. The incidence of major in-hospital complications and mortality was 9.5%. Risk factors for adverse outcome included advanced age (odds ratios [ORs] for age groups 65–74 and >75 years were 1.88 [confidence interval, CI: 1.72, 2.05] and 2.66 [CI: 2.42, 2.92], respectively, compared with the 45–65 years group), male gender (OR: 1.54 [CI: 1.44, 1.66]), and a number of comorbidities. The presence of congestive heart failure (OR: 5.55 [CI: 4.81, 6.39]) and pulmonary hypertension (OR: 4.10 [CI: 2.72, 6.10]) were the most significant risk factors associated with increased odds for adverse outcome. CONCLUSIONS:We identified patient-related risk factors for major morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing BTKA. Our data can be used to aid in the selection of patients for this procedure.
Unfair Treatment and Trait Anger in Relation to Nighttime Ambulatory Blood Pressure in African American and White Adolescents

Objective: To determine if ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) at night relative to day ABP among adolescents is influenced by unfair treatment and trait anger, and whether these associations are stronger in African Americans and adolescents from lower socioeconomic status (SES) families and neighborhoods. Methods: A total of 189 healthy white and African American adolescents (ages = 14–16 years, standard deviation = 0.62, 50% female) completed 2 days and 1 night of ABP monitoring and unfair treatment and trait anger questionnaires. SES was measured using 1) parental education and 2) a composite neighborhood SES score based on U.S. Census tract data for neighborhood poverty and education. The night/day ABP ratio was calculated by dividing the night ABP mean (readings from the self-reported bedtime of each participant through 5 AM) by the day ABP mean (8:30 AM until self-reported bedtime). Results: Higher trait anger was associated with a higher night/day diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ratio in the full sample, B = 0.003, SE = 0.001, t = 2.20, p = . 03. A significant interaction effect for Race × Unfair Treatment on the night/day DBP ratio, B = 0.01, SE = 0.003, t = 3.17, p = . 002, followed by post hoc tests indicated that greater unfair treatment was associated with a higher night/day DBP ratio among African Americans, B = 0.006, SE = 0.002, t = 2.56, p = . 01. Further, among African American adolescents living in lower SES neighborhoods, greater unfair treatment predicted a higher night/day DBP ratio, B = 0.008, SE = 0.003, t = 3.15, p = . 002, and higher trait anger scores predicted a higher night/day DBP ratio, B = 0.008, SE = 0.002, t = 3.19, p = . 002. Conclusions: Trait anger may be a factor leading to elevated nighttime DBP in both African Americans and whites. Unfair treatment and trait anger are important predictors of elevated night/day ABP ratios among African American adolescents living in lower SES neighborhoods. These factors may contribute to the onset of hypertension in African Americans at a younger age. ABP = ambulatory blood pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; CVD = cardiovascular disease; SES = socioeconomic status.
Hierarchical coding of motion vector fields

Image sequences are mostly coded by motion compensated predictive coding. The motion vector field to be transmitted as side information is typically predictive coded. In this paper a new approach is presented for coding of motion vector fields at low bit rates (<64 kbit/s) more efficiently by applying a pyramid decomposition, which is encoded using zero-trees. The embedded coding of the pyramid allows for progressive transmission of the motion vectors and is well suited for source adaptive channel coding.
Capital Levels and Risk-Taking Propensity in Financial Institutions

Regulators dedicate much attention to a financial institution’s option to default, i.e. the option that distressed ﬁnancial institutions have to transfer losses to their creditors. It is generally recognized that the existence of this option provides intermediaries with a powerful incentive to keep ﬁrm capital close to the minimal requirement. We argue, however, that undercapitalization harms proﬁtable growth opportunities, i.e. the institution’s franchise value. Indeed, the capitalization of a financial institution will be ultimately driven by the net impact of capital levels on the default option and the franchise value. By considering the impact of the default option, our work complements and extends, within a simple Black-Scholes framework, the model used by Froot and Stein (1998) in the context of banks and by Froot (2007) in the context of insurance.
Changes in the mRNA Levels of Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels in Human Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: We measured mRNA levels of delayed rectifier potassium channels in human atrial tissue to investigate the mechanism of the shortening of the atrial effective refractory period and the loss of rate-adaptive shortening of the atrial effective refractory period in human atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results: A total of 34 patients undergoing open heart surgery were included. Atrial tissue was obtained from the right atrial free wall, right atrial appendage, left atrial free wall and left atrial appendage, respectively. The mRNA amounts of KVLQT1 (IKs), minK (β-subunit of IKs), HERG (IKr), and KV1.5 (IKur) were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and normalized to the mRNA amount of GAPDH. We found that the mRNA levels of KV1.5, HERG and KVLQT1 were all significantly decreased in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation for more than 3 months. In contrast, the mRNA level of minK was significantly increased in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation for more than 3 months. We further showed that these changes were independent of the underlying cardiac disease, atrial filling pressure, gender and age. We also found that there was no spatial dispersion of mRNA levels among the four atrial sampling sites. Conclusions: Because the decrease in potassium currents results in a prolonged action potential, the shortening of the atrial effective refractory period in atrial fibrillation should be attributed to other factors. However, the decrease in IKs might contribute, at least in part, to the loss of rate-adaptive shortening of the atrial refractory period.
Radiation sensitivity of XOR topologies in multigate technologies under voltage variability

Integrated Circuits are becoming more susceptible to numerous effects due to the reduction of its robustness to externai noise. Additionally, the increase of uncertainty degree related to the many sources of variation in the manufacturing process contributes to the reliability issues. This work is aimed at presenting a comparative analysis of radiation sensitivity of different XOR implementations using two multigate devices: double-gate FinFET and Trigate. Trigate-based circuits have shown to be more robust than FinFET with improvement percentage from 6,2% up to 12,6% in the threshold LET. Further, voltage fluctuation can reduce the threshold LET up to 20,8%, increasing the susceptibility of the analyzed circuits.
rlsm: R package for least squares Monte Carlo

This short paper briefly describes the implementation of the least squares Monte Carlo method in the rlsm package. This package provides users with an easy manner to experiment with the large amount of R regression tools on any regression basis and reward functions. This package also computes lower and upper bounds for the true value function via duality methods.
Do Autoantibodies to Sperm Reduce Fecundity? A Mini‐Review in Historical Perspective

PROBLEM: The paradox that early studies of antisperm antibodies in men showed a strong correlation between titers of circulating antibodies (essentially immunoglobulin [Ig] G) and reduction in conception rates, whereas more recent studies have indicated that the antifertility effect is mainly (or exclusively? ) associated with IgA antibodies, impairing sperm migration through cervical mucus, was studied.
Fasting Hyperglycemia and Insulin Resistance in Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps

OBJECTIVES: To investigate fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and insulin–like growth factor 1 in patients with or without colorectal polyps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated fasting glucose, insulin, insulin–like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), lipid profile and glucose tolerance test in 103 patients undergoing colonoscopy (52 normal and 53 with Adenomatous polyps). We also estimated homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student T-test and Chi-square test. For all tests a P value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean of waist circumference (P < 0.01), waist to hip ratio (P < 0.01), fasting serum glucose (P < 0.05), total cholesterol (P < 0.05), and LDL (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in patients with adenomatous polyps. The mean of HDL was significantly lower in patients with adenomatous polyps (P < 0.01). There was no relation between fasting serum insulin, IGF-1 and glucose tolerance test with adenomatous polyps. Hence HOMA-IR was higher in patients with adenomatous polyps (2.9 ± 2.6 vs. 2.82 ± 2.1), this difference was not significant statistically. CONCLUSION: Fasting hyperglycemia could be a risk factor to adenomatous polyps’ development. Although this study did not show any relation between insulin resistance index