Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of power swing blocking functions of line protective relays for a near scenario of the Uruguayan system

During normal operation of an electrical power system, there will be some conditions like faults or other disturbances which may cause loss of synchronism between areas. When loss of synchronism takes place, asynchronous areas should be separated to avoid equipment damaged or extensive outages. This paper describes the assessment of the protection system of a part of the Uruguayan power system. The focus is on the incorporation of a big consumer with generation capacity. The involved added apparent power generation is about 10% of the maximum historical Uruguayan load. The article describes a set of studies on the protective system associated to transmission lines feeding the new consumer. Particular attention is paid to blocking power swing functions of the involved relays. Power system simulations and relay tests have been performed, to evaluate the performance of the relays under power swing conditions. The foreknowledge makes possible to avoid undesired operation.
John Henryism and blood pressure among Nigerian civil servants.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Among urban Nigerian civil servants, higher socioeconomic status is related to increased blood pressure. In the United States, the relation between increased blood pressure and low socioeconomic status or low level of education has been found to be potentiated by high effort active coping (John Henryism) among African-Americans. Thus, the potentiating effect of high effort active coping as measured by the John Henryism Active Coping Scale, on socioeconomic status, as measured by job grade, was considered in relation to blood pressure in a Nigerian civil servant population. DESIGN: The influence of John Henryism on the association between educational level or socioeconomic status and increased blood pressure was examined during a comprehensive blood pressure survey. John Henryism refers to a strong behavioural predisposition to actively cope with psychosocial environmental stressors. SETTING: Benin City, Nigeria. PARTICIPANTS: Nigerian civil servant sample of 658 adults, aged 20 to 65 years. MAIN RESULTS: Among those with high John Henryism scores of upper socioeconomic status, whether measured by education level or job grade, there was a trend toward higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, adjusted for age and body mass index, in men and women, though not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: This trend is consistent with recent findings of increased blood pressure among women and African-Americans with high John Henryism and high status jobs.
Effects of Spatially Localized and Dispersed Patterns of Feed Distribution on the Growth, Size Dispersion and Feed Conversion Ratio of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

The effects of spatially localized and spatially dispersed feeding patterns on the growth, size distribution and feed conversion ratio of the African catfish were investigated. Two groups of fish with an initial weight of 82.16 - 4.80 and 82.40 - 3.90 g were subjected to point source and scatter feeding patterns, respectively, for 2 months. Scatter fed fish reached a final mean weight of 192.69 - 6.60 g while the mean final weight of point source fed fish was 169.67 - 6.80 g ( P 0.05). However, the final size distribution curve for the scatter fed group showed a more symmetrical pattern with the bulk of the fish clustering about the mean.
Evaluation of Delphinium Cultivars for Resistance to Powdery Mildew

Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe aquilegiae var. ranunculi is one of the major diseases affecting field-grown delphiniums (Delphinium spp.). Two lath house and two field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate nine delphinium cultivars for resistance to the disease. ‘Blue Bird’, ‘King Arthur’, ‘Cameliard’, and ‘Galahad’ were consistently more resistant [0–1.1 disease severity (ds) on a 0–5 scale] than ‘Casa Blanca’, ‘Blue Shadow’, ‘Belladona’, and ‘Bellamosum’ (2.9–5.0 ds). ‘Oriental Blue’ was moderately resistant (0–3.3 ds). Spearman’s coefficients of rank correlation were significant for all pairs of experiments (0.70 £ rs £ 0.98; P £ 0.0354) except for the 2003–04 field experiments (rs = 0.66; P = 0.0525). Pearson correlation coefficients between experiments (0.86 £ r £ 0.99) were highly significant (P £ 0.0027). Disease severity values from lath house evaluations were almost identical to those from field evaluations.
Cefuroxime: Human Pharmacokinetics

Single doses of cefuroxime, a new parenteral cephalosporin, were given to 44 normal male subjects. Doses of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 g were given intramuscularly to 33 volunteers. Mean peak serum concentrations of 14.8, 25.7, 34.6, and 40.0 μg/ml were assayed at 29 to 45 min, and measurable levels were present 8 h after the 0.5-g and higher doses. Single intravenous bolus doses of 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 g were given to nine volunteers, and mean levels of 39, 66, and 99 μg/ml were assayed at 3 min. The antibiotic has a mean ultimate serum half-life of 70 min, a mean serum protein binding of 33%, a metabolic stability of greater than 95%, an apparent distribution volume of 11.1 to 15.8 liters/1.73 m2 depending on dose, and a mean urinary recovery of at least 95% for all parenteral doses. The cefuroxime/creatinine clearance ratios for all volunteers indicated that 43 to 54% of the antibiotic is secreted through the kidney tubules, and this was confirmed in some volunteers who received probenecid simultaneously. The injections by both routes were well tolerated, and the slight pain experienced after intramuscular injection disappeared within a few minutes. Physical and laboratory investigations in the volunteers showed that administration of cefuroxime had had no adverse effects. There was no evidence of absorption after oral administration.
Molecular components of the endoderm specification pathway in Xenopus tropicalis

Xenopus laevis has been instrumental in elucidating a conserved molecular pathway that regulates vertebrate endoderm specification. However, loss‐of‐function analysis is required to resolve the precise function of the genes involved. For such analysis, antisense oligos and possibly forward genetics are likely to be more effective in the diploid species Xenopus tropicalis than in the pseudotetraploid Xenopus laevis. Here we have isolated most of the tropicalis genes in the endoderm specification pathway, specifically, tVegT, tMixer, tMix, tBix, tGata6, tSox17α, tSox17β, tFoxA1, tHex, and tCerberus, which lack the redundant copies that are found in laevis. In situ hybridization analysis has revealed identical expression patterns between the orthologous tropicalis and laevis endoderm genes, thus suggesting conserved genetic functions. Furthermore, we noted that the smaller tropicalis embryos gave better probe penetration than in laevis whole‐mount in situ hybridizations—allowing us to visualize transcripts in the deep endoderm in tropicalis, which is difficult in laevis. This study illustrates how an entire genetic pathway can be quickly transferred from laevis to tropicalis due to high sequence conservation between the sister species and the large number of tropicalis‐expressed sequence tags that are now available. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Use of Propofol for Sedation in Medical Thoracoscopy

Introduction: Propofol has been shown to be a safe for sedation during flexible bronchoscopy, but data for its use in medical thoracoscopy is limited. Aims and objectives: We initiated a multicentre randomized study, aiming to compare both the safety and adequacy of medical thoracoscopy performed with two different conscious sedation regimens (midazolam/fentanyl vs. propofol/fentanyl) administered by a non-specialist anaesthetist. Methods: Either propofol or midazolam was given in boluses. Fentanyl was used in all. Procedure time, complications and patient discomfort were defined and documented. The adequacy of the sedation according to the endoscopist and recovery time were measured. Results: We enrolled 38 patients (67.5±11.9 years, 23 males), with 18 patients randomised to propofol and 20 to midazolam. We observed no differences in procedure time (37.6 vs. 36.2 min, p = 0.57), recovery time (20.1 vs. 20.8 min, p=0.86), adequacy of sedation as perceived by the endoscopist (p=0.73). There were, however, 10 adverse events observed in the propofol group compared to 4 in the midazolam group (p = 0.04). Adverse events in the propofol group included desaturation responsive to supplementary oxygen (n=6), desaturation requiring temporary bag valve ventilation (n = 1), hypotension requiring intravenous fluid resuscitation (n=2) and the need to abort the procedure (n=1); compared to the midazolam group which included desaturation responsive to supplementary oxygen (n=3) and hypotension not requiring intervention (n=1). Conclusion: Propofol is not the drug of choice for sedation during medical thoracoscopy, given the increased risk of complications.
Quality of health care. Part 3: improving the quality of care.

Quality of care is making a comeback. After more than two decades of preoccupation with the costs of health care, more attention is being devoted to quality. But much of the attention is coming from unlikely sources — organizations more often associated with efforts to reduce costs. Employers are talking about the quality of health care.1,2 Managed-care companies and insurers talk about it.3,4 Data touted as measures of quality are increasingly appearing in newspaper and magazine articles.5–7 The Health Care Financing Administration and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) have called for a more .
Association of estrogen levels with neuropsychological performance in women with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine the relationship of estrogen levels with psychiatric symptoms and neuropsychological function in female patients with schizophrenia. METHOD Psychiatric symptoms were assessed and average estrogen and progesterone levels from four consecutive weekly blood samples were measured in 22 female inpatients with schizophrenia who were also administered a neuropsychological battery. RESULTS There were strong positive correlations between average estrogen level and cognitive function, especially measures of global cognitive function, verbal and spatial declarative memory, and perceptual-motor speed. Correlations of hormone levels with psychiatric symptoms were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Higher estrogen levels in female patients with schizophrenia are associated with better cognitive ability. These results may have implications for potential treatment of cognitive dysfunction with adjunctive estrogen in female patients with schizophrenia.
Preventing adverse drug events in hospital practice: an overview

Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality in hospital practice. The precise frequency is unknown, but studies give an incidence number ranging from 2 until 52 ADEs per 100 patients. There are many different methods for definition, causality assessment, severity classification and detection which make it difficult to compare the different studies. A substantial part (in some studies up to 70%) of ADEs can be prevented and it is important to, besides their detection, focus on the prevention of these ADEs. In this literature review we give an overview of methods for preventing ADEs. There are many different tools with different impact on a particular part of the distribution system which has the potential to prevent ADEs. A multifaceted approach is needed. Two interesting strategies of prevention, pharmacist participation on ward rounds and computerised physician order entry with clinical decision support systems (CDSS), are highlighted. Moreover, two promising CDSS are discussed in more detail, namely computer‐based monitoring systems and information systems which link laboratory and pharmacy data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Escherichia coli serogroup O111 includes several clones of diarrheagenic strains with different virulence properties

Genetic variation among isolates of Escherichia coli O111 obtained mostly from patients with diarrhea in Brazil was assessed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis to characterize chromosomal genotypes and by gene probes and adherence assays to characterize virulence properties. Among the 152 isolates, we resolved 16 distinct electrophoretic types (ETs), which differed on average at 40% of the enzyme loci. We identified four major bacterial O111 clones of different disease classes: ET 12, which includes the bulk of the enteropathogenic E. coli strains, typically showing localized adherence and intimate attachment in tissue culture assays; ET 1, which includes strains with a different set of virulence markers; ET 9, which includes strains that show intimate attachment but lack localized adherence and Shiga-like toxin genes; and ET 8, which includes strains that are Shiga-like toxin producers and have the corresponding traits of enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Enteroaggregative strains constituted ET 10 and also occurred in ET 1. Isolates of the major clones were found in South and North America and matched in ET and virulence factors to previously described diarrheagenic clones that are widely disseminated in the human population. Because the major clones are genetically distantly related and exhibit different combinations of virulence factors, we hypothesize that they have distinct mechanisms of pathogenesis. The results indicate that genetic divergence of bacteria with the O111 antigen, as measured by allelic variation in enzyme loci, is accompanied by divergence in virulence properties of clones so that identification and classification of pathogenic E. coli strains cannot be based solely on serotyping or a single virulence factor.
Novel oral anticoagulants in the management of coronary artery disease

Despite advances in interventional and pharmacologic therapy, survivors of myocardial infarction remain at an increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular events. Initial pharmacological management includes both platelet inhibition and parenteral anticoagulation, whereas long-term pharmacological therapy relies on antiplatelet therapy for prevention of thrombotic complications. Biomarkers showing ongoing thrombin generation after acute coronary syndromes suggest that anticoagulants may provide additional benefit in reducing cardiovascular events. We review the pharmacokinetics of novel anticoagulants, clinical trial results, the role of monitoring, and future directions for the use of novel oral anticoagulants in the treatment of coronary artery disease. Clinical trials have shown that long-term use of oral anticoagulants decreases the risk of cardiovascular events, but they do so at a cost of an increased risk of bleeding. Future studies will need to identify optimal treatment combinations for selected patients and conditions that address both the appropriate combination of therapy and the appropriate dosage of each agent when used in combination.
Calmodulin effects on steroids‐regulated plasma membrane calcium pump activity

It is now generally accepted that non‐genomic steroids action precedes their genomic effects by modulation of intracellular signaling pathways within seconds after application. Ca2+ is a very potent and ubiquitous ion in all cells, and its concentration is precisely regulated. The most sensitive on Ca2+ increase is ATP‐consuming plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA). The enzyme is coded by four genes, but isoforms diversity was detected in excitable and non‐excitable cells. It is the only ion pump stimulated directly by calmodulin (CaM). We examined the role of PMCA isoforms composition and CaM effect in regulation of Ca2+ uptake by estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), pregnenolone (PREG), and their sulfates in a concentration range from 10−9 to 10−6 M, using the membranes from rat cortical synaptosomes, differentiated PC12 cells, and human erythrocytes. In excitable membranes with full set of PMCAs steroids apparently increased Ca2+ uptake, although to a variable extent. In most of the cases, CaM decreased transport by 30–40% below controls. Erythrocyte PMCA was regulated by the steroids somewhat differently than excitable cells. CaM strongly increased the potency for Ca2+ extrusion in membranes incubated with 17‐β‐estradiol and PREG. Our results indicated that steroids may sufficiently control cytoplasmic calcium concentration within physiological and therapeutic range. The response depended on the cell type, PMCA isoforms expression profile, CaM presence, and the steroids structure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutritional evaluation of some forage plants from Harboi rangeland, Kalat, Pakistan.

The proximate composition and cell wall analysis of some fodder species from Harboi rangeland, Kalat, Balochistan was conducted at three phenological stages. It was concluded that grasses generally had more DM, CF, carbohydrates, NFE, NDF, ADF and hemicelluloses than shrubs while shrubs were generally high in ash, CP, EE, N, GE, ADL contents than grasses. There were insignificant differences in TDN, DE and ME between grasses and shrubs. Generally DM, CF, NDF, ADF, ADL, carbohydrate and hemicellulose contents increased with the maturity of plants; while ash, CP, EE, N and ME declined with maturity of plants. Some parameters like NFE, GE, DE and TDN did not differ among various phenological stages. The nutritive quality of forage decreased with the advancement of phenological growth stages in all analyzed plants. Across all the grazing seasons the forage for sheep and goats was generally deficient in most of the nutrients required for growth and maintenance. It is concluded that the poor livestock productivity in Harboi rangeland is partially due to insufficient amount of available poor quality forage that requires attention of the range mangers to improve the habitat and livestock breeds.
A new core loss model for rectangular AC voltages

For most power converters, the voltage waveforms on the inductors or transformers are rectangular or composed of rectangular shapes. The waveform will have an impact on the value of the core loss. An accurate model is required in order to predict the core loss under such excitations and assist the design trade-offs. The most popular core loss models now are the modified Steinmetz equation (MSE), and the improved generalized Steinmetz equation (iGSE). However, the measurement data shows these models don't give accurate prediction under certain waveforms. A new model named rectangular extension of Steinmetz equation (RESE) is proposed to improve the accuracy for the core loss under rectangular AC voltages by employing a parameter γ, which is strongly related to material and frequency. Several ferrite materials are characterized and modeled with this new parameter for rectangular voltage excitation.
Burst Priority Scheduling with FDL Reassignment in Optical Burst Switch Network

The paper proposes a new burst priority scheduling scheme with fiber delay line (FDL) reassignment (BPS-FR) for optical burst switch (OBS) network. The BPS-FR scheme allows the high-priority burst to preempt the low-priority one and further the longer high-priority bursts to preempt the shorter ones. Also it reschedules the replaced bursts, either the shorter high-priority bursts or low-priority bursts, by using FDL. Simulation results show that the BPS-FR scheme improves the average dropping probability of system (low-priority bursts) about by 43% (75%) over the preemptive latest available unused channel with void filling scheme
The Advanced Study of Silicon Photomultiplier

The advanced study of new photo detector Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) is presented. SiPM consists of many (∼103 mm−2) silicon micro pixels, which are independent photon micro counters working in limited Geiger mode with a gain of 106. The SiPM output signal is a sum of the signals from a number of pixels fired by photons. The main features of SiPM are: low excess noise factor, the photon detection efficiency at the level of vacuum PMT, low bias voltage (∼24V). The timing of the SiPM is about 30 ps for 10 photoelectrons. The possibilities of SiPM applications based on experimental tests are demonstrated: sci fiber readout, scintillator-shifter system readout, possible application for hadron calorimeters.
Maternal responses to difficult food request scenarios: Relationships with feeding style and child unhealthy snack intake

This study sought to identify parent-feeding behaviours in real-life difficult feeding situations through the use of a set of scenarios. These were then used to examine links between parent feeding and child snack intake. Mothers of children aged 2–7 years (n = 611) completed an online survey containing five snack food request scenarios, two commonly used parent-feeding scales (Restriction and Covert Control), and reported on their child’s snack intake. Results showed that parent-feeding styles (restrictive or covert) translated into specific behaviours in response to the scenarios. These parent behaviours predicted children’s intake of unhealthy snack food over and above the feeding style.
Subjective Ratings of Beauty and Aesthetics: Correlations With Statistical Image Properties in Western Oil Paintings

For centuries, oil paintings have been a major segment of the visual arts. The JenAesthetics data set consists of a large number of high-quality images of oil paintings of Western provenance from different art periods. With this database, we studied the relationship between objective image measures and subjective evaluations of the images, especially evaluations on aesthetics (defined as artistic value) and beauty (defined as individual liking). The objective measures represented low-level statistical image properties that have been associated with aesthetic value in previous research. Subjective rating scores on aesthetics and beauty correlated not only with each other but also with different combinations of the objective measures. Furthermore, we found that paintings from different art periods vary with regard to the objective measures, that is, they exhibit specific patterns of statistical image properties. In addition, clusters of participants preferred different combinations of these properties. In conclusion, the results of the present study provide evidence that statistical image properties vary between art periods and subject matters and, in addition, they correlate with the subjective evaluation of paintings by the participants.
A Survey on Security for Smartphone Device

The technological advancements in mobile connectivity services such as GPRS, GSM, 3G, 4G, Blue-tooth, WiMAX, and Wi-Fi made mobile phones a necessary component of our daily lives. Also, mobile phones have become smart which let the users perform routine tasks on the go. However, this rapid increase in technology and tremendous usage of the smartphones make them vulnerable to malware and other security breaching attacks. This diverse range of mobile connectivity services, device software platforms, and standards make it critical to look at the holistic picture of the current developments in smartphone security research. In this paper, our contribution is twofold. Firstly, we review the threats, vulnerabilities, attacks and their solutions over the period of 2010-2015 with a special focus on smartphones. Attacks are categorized into two types, i.e., old attack and new attacks. With this categorization, we aim to provide an easy and concise view of different attacks and the possible solutions to improve smartphone security. Secondly, we critically analyze our findings and estimate the market growth of different operating systems for the smartphone in coming years. Furthermore, we estimate the malware growth and forecast the world in 2020.