Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation management of post-stroke spasticity

Spasticity is a common manifestation of a neurological condition such as stroke and contributes to long-term disability. Spasticity is disordered sensorimotor control that results from damage to upper motor neurons and presents as involuntary activation of muscles that can be intermittent or sustained. The resulting limb deformity and abnormal positioning cause a diverse range of patient-centred problems such as pain; difficulty walking, transferring, feeding or dressing; and can make it difficult for a caregiver to clean the palm or apply a splint. Given the complexity of spasticity related issues, expert opinion is that spasticity management should entail a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program that may be complemented with botulinum toxin treatment. However, there is a paucity of evidence for the efficacy of rehabilitation programs for spasticity management. In this thesis, four studies address current gaps in evidence-based practice. Study 1 is a systematic review of the effectiveness of multidisciplinary rehabilitation following botulinum toxin and other intramuscular treatments for post-stroke spasticity. Despite low-quality evidence that multidisciplinary care lessens impairment and improves active function in the upper limb, the types and intensities of rehabilitation programs that improve patient-centred outcomes remain unknown. No trials to date have explored the effect of multidisciplinary rehabilitation on passive function, caregiver burden, or the individual’s priority goals for treatment. This study identifies gaps in current research relating to methodological rigour, appropriate study designs and meaningful outcome evaluation. Study 2 compares the effectiveness of a high-intensity ambulatory rehabilitation program and a usual care, low-intensity therapy program in improving patient-centred outcomes after botulinum toxin type A treatment. Goal achievement and satisfaction benefits persisted beyond the duration of spasticity reduction in both groups. While patient-centred outcomes were not influenced by the intensity of the ambulatory rehabilitation program, high-intensity therapy was associated with greater upper limb goal attainment. This suggests that intensive
Leptospirosis (Weil Disease)

Leptospirosis is an infectious disorder of animals and humans. It is the most common zoonotic infection in the world. It is easily transmitted from infected animals through their urine, either directly or through infected soil or water. It can cause a self-limiting influenza-like illness or a much more serious disease. It is known as Weil disease, and it can progress to multiorgan failure with the potential for death.
The Effect of Lidocaine Administration during General Anesthesia on Glasgow Prognostic Scores in Breast Cancer Surgery Candidates

Introduction: Intravenous lidocaine has anti-inflammatory role and analgesic properties, and is able to reduce the need for opioids during and after surgery. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of intravenous (IV) lidocaine infusion during general anesthesia on levels of inflammatory factors according to Glasgow prognostic score in breast cancer surgery candidates. Methods: The present study is a randomized clinical trial. 63 patients with breast cancer, who were candidates of mastectomy elective surgery, were included. The patients were allocated to 2 groups using a random numbers table. After inducing anesthesia similarly for all the patients using midazolam 0.02 mg/kg, fentanyl 2-4 μg/kg, propofol 1-2 mg/kg and atracurium 0.5 mg/kg, the first group received 1.5 mg/kg/hr IV lidocaine and in the second group, the same volume of normal saline was infused intravenously. Glasgow prognostic score was calculated before surgery and also 6, 24, and 48 hours and 14 days after surgery. Required data were gathered via a checklist. To statistically analyze the data, SPSS software version 20 was used. To compare qualitative variables, Fisher’s exact test, and to compare means of quantitative data, independent t-test was applied. In addition, for comparing C reactive protein, albumin, and Glasgow prognostic score measures between the 2 groups; generalized mixed model regression analysis was used. Significance level was considered to be p<0.05. Results: A total of 63 women with breast cancer, with the mean age of 49.25 ± 9.32 years, were included. 28 of them were allocated to lidocaine group and 35 were in the control group. Mean age was 48.61 ± 9.26 years in lidocaine group and 49.89 ± 9.38 years in control group (p=0.591). Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups regarding incision size (p=1.000) and duration of surgery (p=0.752). Using mixed model regression analysis and after adjusting the effect of baseline measures of variables, a significant difference was not detected between the groups regarding their Glasgow prognostic score during the follow-up time (p=0.122). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, IV infusion of lidocaine during general anesthesia did not have a significant effect on the level of inflammatory factors according to Glasgow prognostic score in patients who were candidates of breast cancer surgery.
Regulation of Oxidative Imbalances in Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum

Communications between cell organelles are pivotal to resolve cellular stress and dysregulated signaling. The physiological processes inside the cells generates several byproducts that may impose stress to the cells. Indeed, mitochondrial dysfunction during biochemistry of ATP synthesis generates excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may cause cellular aging and disease. The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) associated respiratory complexes are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance in ROS production results in stress to the cells. The mitochondrial anti-oxidant defense system alleviates the oxidative burden through converting reactive radicals into stable molecules. On the other hand, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as a prime site for protein synthesis also generates oxidative stress due to immature protein folding. The ER lumen anchored protein such as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) enzymes catabolize the disulfide bond formation in the newly synthesize proteins, but any perturbation in this process leads to oxidative imbalance in the cells. Notably, the interface of mitochondrial and ER adds a new dimension in the feedback regulation of oxidative stress. This review highlights the role of mitochondria and ER during oxidative stress and the feedback regulation of restoring Ca 2+ balance.
Anthropometry in physical performance and health.

Anthropometry is defined as 'the scientific procedures and processes of acquiring surface anatomical dimensional measurements such as lengths, breadths, girths and skinfolds of the human body by means of specialist equipment' (Stewart 2010). This approach has altered little if at all over the last hundred years, and even in ancient Greece, we hear of systematic body measurement in order to produce statues that were appropriately sized to real individuals. Sculptors would have appreciated that this approach demands painstaking detail, adherence to best practice, and diligence in reducing errors, and few scientists would argue with this. Anthropometry sits within the field of kinanthropometry — 'the academic discipline which involves the use of anthropometric measures in relation to other scientific parameters and/or thematic areas such as human movement, physiology or applied health sciences' (Stewart 2010). However, one of the issues for kinanthropometry, particularly in its applications for physical activity and sport, is that the tools have not advanced in parallel with those of other disciplines such as sports physiology and biomechanics. Researchers, therefore, may be persuaded to think that its relevance is reducing in a contemporary research context. Indeed, for publications in two main research journals, the prevalence of anthropometry as central to research (estimated from key word searches using similar terms) appears to have peaked a generation ago (Olds 2004). But perhaps kinanthropometry is on the verge of a renaissance for two reasons. First, the field has now largely embraced tightly defined standard procedures and error control, the lack of which previously diminished its ability to convince a research community becoming accustomed to more sophisticated methods. Second, recent advances in digital anthropometry, using three-dimensional (3D) body scanning, enable an unprecedented range of new measurement possibilities. These new measures can augment traditional anthropometry, and the combination of manual and digital anthropometry may allow new research questions to be addressed.
An investigation into the effectiveness of functional behavioural assessment based interventions for sleep disturbance in children with Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders (RGND).

13 Chapter 1 . 15 Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Sleep . 15 Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders . 16 Definition. 16 Syndromes diagnosed in study participants. 17 Fragile X syndrome . 17 Prader-Willi syndrome . 18 Challenging Behaviours in People with Rare Genetic Neurodevelopment Disorders . 19 Sleep in children with Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders . 20 The function of sleep. 20 Categories of sleep disturbance. 21 Dyssomnias. 21 Parasomnias. 22 Sleep apnoea/sleep-disordered breathing. 22 Prevalence of sleep problems in RGND. 23 Course of sleep problems in RGND. 23 Causes of sleep problems in children with RGND. 24 Biological factors. 25 Sleep and Fragile X Syndrome. 26 Sleep and Prader-Willi Syndrome. 26 Behavioural factors. 28
Das Mikrobiom als Therapieziel bei funktionellen und chronisch entzündlichen Magen-Darm-Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung Das Mikrobiom spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Krankheitsgeschehen funktioneller sowie chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen (CED). Im Zuge der gesteigerten Aufmerksamkeit für das Mikrobiom wurde nach der Etablierung der Probiotikatherapie in den S3-Leitlinien für Colitis ulcerosa und das Reizdarmsyndrom auch die Therapieform des fäkalen Mikrobiotatransfers wiederentdeckt. Die standardisierte Anwendung im klinischen Alltag für die Indikationen CED und Reizdarmsyndrom ist jedoch noch nicht in Aussicht. Weitere Ansätze mit potenziell positiven Effekten auf das Mikrobiom bieten darüber hinaus Phytotherapeutika. Bei Patienten, die an funktionellen oder chronisch entzündlichen Darmbeschwerden leiden, können diese das Behandlungsspektrum wirkungsvoll ergänzen und erweitern.
Doctor, Ease My Mind! Associations between Cancer Patients’ Emotional Distress and Their Perception of Patient-Centeredness during Oncology Consultations

Objective: To investigate whether perceived patient-centered communication during oncology consultations relates to patient satisfaction and degree of emotional distress following the medical encounter. Methods: 226 cancer patients attending an oncology outpatient clinic completed questionnaires before and after a consultation including the Physician-Patient Relationship Inventory, the brief Profile of Mood States, and the Information satisfaction questionnaire. Results: Patients who perceived the communication during the consultations to be highly patient-centered were more likely to be maximally satisfied with information provided by the oncologist. Additionally, adjusting for pre-consultation distress, as well as sociodemographic, clinical, and consultation-related variables, patients who perceived the oncologist to communicate in a highly patient-centered manner, experienced lower levels of emotional distress after the consultation. Conclusion: Patient-centered communication may be an important quality in oncology as an approach to positively influence patient outcomes, including emotional distress. However, the findings in the present study of an effect of PCC on patient satisfaction and emotional distress are modest, and no firm conclusions can thus be drawn. Practice Implications: Oncology settings may benefit from the positive effects of patient-centered care and physicians should acknowledge the potential of their own relational competence in order to facilitate patient-centered communication.
Simulation and Modelling of a Spatially-Efficient 3D Wireless Power Transfer System for Multi-User Charging

This paper presents the design, modelling and simulation of a wireless power transfer system with improved 3D spatial efficiency. It is shown that a rotational field driven by balanced magnetic coils carrying phase-shifted currents can achieve almost uniform efficiency in 3-D space. Both 2-coil and 3-coil transmitting systems are designed and studied. Effective mutual inductance is proposed to visualize the magnetic fields from a multiple transmitter system, and efficiency distributions are simulated. Different excitation modes including phase-shifted and non-phase-shifted currents are analysed and compared. The results provide an approach to the design and excitation of the 3D multiple-transmitting-coil system.
Effect of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic responses during the propofol induction period, skull-pin application and skin incision in patients under going craniotomy

Objectives The authors of this study hypothesized that dexmedetomidine (DEX) would attenuate hemodynamic changes during the propofol induction period, skull-pin application and skin incision in supratentorial craniotomy, when compared with fentanyl. Methods Thirty patients (18-70 years), who were scheduled for elective intracranial surgery, received infusions of DEX at 1 μg/kg (group D) or fentanyl at 2 μg/kg (group F) before propofolbased anesthesia. Propofol was started at 3.0 μg/mL on a target control syringe pump and titrated to maintain a similar level of sedation by using the Bispectral index in both groups. The hemodynamic variables were recorded continuously and analyzed for the results. Results Overall, the arterial pressures [systolic (Ps), diastolic (Pd) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)] increased after receiving infusion of DEX at 1 μg/kg and were higher than those in patients receiving fentanyl for the whole period of the study. Ps, Pd, and MAP in group F decreased after 2 μg/kg of fentanyl infusion and decreased further through propofol induction, and then increased by responding to endotracheal intubation. Pd and MAP increased in both groups after skull pin fi xation, but with no signifi cant difference from the pre-skull pin fi xation value in each group. Ps, Pd and MAP in both groups did not change much after skin incision, when compared to pre-skin incision values. The induction and total doses of propofol in group D were smaller than those in group F, and group D required less fentanyl intraoperatively when compared to group F, but with no statistical signifi cance. Conclusion DEX at 1 μg/kg was no more effective than fentanyl at 2 μg/kg on blunting hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation, skull-pin fixation, and skin incision in craniotomy patients, even though it helped to stabilize the hemodynamic during propofol induction.
Implicit Bias: An Unconscious Barrier to Family Engagement

This teaching case study illustrates the need to engage all parents in schools as they enhance the community’s cultural capital and cultural wealth. In order to engage parents from various races and ethnicities, educational leaders should understand the role implicit biases play in inhibiting equitable parent participation. In this case study, the author provides a framework to enhance parent engagement. The author also suggests that educational leaders use an instrument to assess their implicit biases and determine the biases held by parents as well. Finally, community cultural wealth is defined and an explanation is provided on how parent participation can enrich it.
Atipični antipsihotici u kliničkoj praksi Atypical Antipsychotics in Clinical Practice

Sažetak Svi su atipični antipsihotici (antipsihotici druge generacije) odobreni za liječenje shizofrenije gdje su pokazali dobre rezultate. Neki su također indicirani u liječenju akutne manije, bipolarnog poremećaja raspoloženja, psihotične agitiranosti itd. Još prije deset godina 70% svih propisanih atipičnih antipsihotika opravdano se rabilo u tzv. off-label indikacijama, tj. u indikacijama u kojima je dokazana učinkovitost, ali lijek nije još prošao proces registracije za tu indikaciju. Atipični antipsihotici kao skupina lijekova nisu u tome posebni jer u medicini, a osobito u psihijatriji ima još puno takvih situacija, npr. sve šira uporaba u osnovi antikonvulzivnih lijekova u stabiliziranju raspoloženja ili u liječenju boli. Risperidon, olanzapin i kvetiapin smatraju se lijekovima prvog izbora u liječenju shizofrenije. To pokazuje klinička praksa u nas i u svijetu. Sve su veća iskustva kliničara sa ziprasidonom i aripiprazolom. Intenzivno se istražuju i novi farmaceutski oblici atipičnih antipsihotika i čini se da nas na tom polju u sljedećem razdoblju čekaju najveće novosti.
Land Titling: A Sine Qua Non for Enhancing Property Taxation

The use of property tax to salvage the recurrent financial insolvency of government at all levels in Nigeria have achieved little success over the years. Concerted efforts to improve this situation have achieved little success. This study therefore investigates the potential of titling at enhancing property taxation in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Data was obtained from the purposive selected areas of Akure and the Ondo State Ministry of Lands and Housing as well as the Ondo State Board of Internal Revenue. Data analysis reveals that 85.5 percent of the residents are without title to their land, while only 11.86 percent of the residents who titled their land paid their ground rents up to date. The difference in the means of the ground rent paid as a form of property tax by residents with titled land and the ground rent anticipated from residents without title to their land is statistically significant at 0.001. Stringent requirements, poor service delivery as well as lack of sensitization on guidelines and procedures to follow are major constraints to titling in the study area. There was a strong negative correlation between titling and property tax. Capacity building in systematic titling project is a worthwhile policy option for improved titling culture in the study area.
The Impact of Peer Assessment on Academic Performance: A Meta-analysis of Control Group Studies

Peer assessment has been the subject of considerable research interest over the last three decades, with numerous educational researchers advocating for the integration of peer assessment into schools and instructional practice. Research synthesis in this area has, however, largely relied on narrative reviews to evaluate the efficacy of peer assessment. Here, we present a meta-analysis (54 studies, k = 141) of experimental and quasi-experimental studies that evaluated the effect of peer assessment on academic performance in primary, secondary, or tertiary students across subjects and domains. An overall small to medium effect of peer assessment on academic performance was found ( g = 0.31, p < .001). The results suggest that peer assessment improves academic performance compared with no assessment ( g = 0.31, p = .004) and teacher assessment ( g = 0.28, p = .007), but was not significantly different in its effect from self-assessment ( g = 0.23, p = .209). Additionally, meta-regressions examined the moderating effects of several feedback and educational characteristics (e.g., online vs offline, frequency, education level). Results suggested that the effectiveness of peer assessment was remarkably robust across a wide range of contexts. These findings provide support for peer assessment as a formative practice and suggest several implications for the implementation of peer assessment into the classroom.
Orbital dimensions of Maharashtrian population a direct measurement study using dry skulls

Introduction: Anatomy of Human Orbit is complex, which plays main character in the assessment of craniofacial complex. The bony orbit which lodges the Eye ball is significant not only for anatomists but also for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, forensic experts, ophthalmic surgeon, and Neurosurgeon. The main objectives of the existent study to specify the common location orbital parameters of the Maharashtrian population. Materials and Methods: 31 dry human skulls were taken for observational study from department of anatomy IIMSR Warudi, Badnapur. All skulls were adult type. The exact age and sexes of the skulls were not known. Those were used for tutorial teaching for medical students. Measurements: The measurements for dimension of orbital cavities were taken with the help of manual Vernier Caliper. Orbital Length: This indicates distance between superior and inferior margin of orbital fossa. Orbital Breadth: Distance between medial and lateral walls of orbital fossa (from frontal process of zygomatic arch to frontal process of maxilla. Orbital Index: Calculated as Orbital length/Orbital Breadth X 100. Measurements were recorded and expressed as Mean± Standard Deviation and range (Min. value – Max. value of each measurement). Results: The results indicate that right orbital length displayed (33.70 ± 1.20 mm) and right orbital Breadth exhibited(38.90 ± 2.20 mm). From these consequences, orbital index was estimated as orbital length/Orbital breadth x 100. A mean orbital index of right side 86.63mm and left side 85.99mm was deduced (Table 1). The assessment of figures from pair of orbits by paired t test shows statistically significant difference in orbital length (p=0.021) and orbital index (p=0.011). Whereas, Orbital breadth has not shown statistically significant difference (p=0.25). Conclusion: This study specifies valuable reference orbital morphometric facts of Maharashtrian population, which are very significant throughout the Maxillofacial Plast
Characteristics of contralateral carcinomas in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

Purpose: According to the ATA and NCCN guidelines (2015, USA), patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) not less than 4 cm, especially for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, are now eligible for lobectomy. However, the incidence of contralateral carcinomas is about 20% in some patients in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, and such patients should receive total thyroidectomy, other than lobectomy. The purpose of this study is to characterize contralateral carcinomas in the patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods: A retrospective study was performed, including 546 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients treated with total thyroidectomy at a single institute were enrolled from January 2008 and December 2014. Patients were divided into two groups based on contralateral. The patients with contralateral microcarcinoma were further investigated regarding the preoperative presence of the contralateral tumor. Results: Contralateral microcarcinoma was found in 26% of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients. Nighty-four (66.2% of them) had a contralateral tumor detected by preoperative ultrasound. In 19 patients (13.4%), fine-needle aspiration biopsy was skipped because the contralateral tumor had benign features. In total, 18 patients (12.6 %) had suspicious features on ultrasound examination. Although 11 patients were not diagnosed with contralateral tumor preoperatively, they were finally diagnosed with contralateral microcarcinoma by postoperative pathology. Conclusions: Contralateral cancer is found more commonly in the patients with large tumors. Therefore, total thyroidectomy may be necessary for patients with multifocal or/and large tumors. 7.7 % of the patients were false negatively diagnosed without contralateral cancer before the tumor biopsy.