Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diurnal export and carbon economy in an expanding source leaf of cucumber at contrasting source and sink temperature.

Effects of contrasting temperatures of an expanding leaf (source) and of remaining plant parts (sink) on diurnal export and distribution of carbon were studied in seedlings of Cucumis sativus L. , cv. Farbio. The time course of the rate of export was calculated by measuring simultaneously the exchange of 14CO2 and the amount of 14C in the source leaf by means of a Geiger-Muller detector using a steady-state labelling technique. In all treatments average export rate during the night (16 h) was maximally 50% of the average rate during the 8-h day. Temperature affected the diurnal course of export via the source leaf and the sink in different ways. At a source leaf temperature of 25 or 30°C export stopped 12 h after start of the night, whereas at 20°C export continued throughout the night. However, the total amount of carbon exported during a 24 h cycle, expressed as a proportion of the amount of carbon assimilated, was the same at source leaf temperatures of 20 or 30°C. Thus source leaf temperature did not affect the distribution of assimilates between source and sink, in contrast to sink temperature. After 24 h at a sink temperature of 30°C, 20% more 14C was exported to plant parts below the source leaf than with a sink temperature of 20°C, at the expense of carbon remaining in the source. During the day less starch and more structural dry matter was formed at a source leaf temperature of 30°C than at 20°C. After a complete day/night cycle, however, there was no difference between the treatments. Starch was the primary carbon source during the night, and the decline in the rate of export coincided with the depletion of starch. Thus the decline in the rate of export at a source leaf temperature of 25 or 30°C at 12 h after the start of the night was due to the depletion of starch at that time. Similarly, at 20°C export could continue until the end of the night as the starch degradation supplied assimilates during the whole night.
Filipino Teachers’ Attitude Towards Technology — Its Determinants and Association With Technology Integration Practice

Technology in education has various challenges. However, limited empirical attention has been bestowed to determining whether teachers, who are at the heart of innovation in classroom instruction, have a favorable attitude towards technology. This study describes the attitude of Filipino teachers towards technology, including their determinants and association with technology integration practice. Data were collected from a randomly-selected sample of 150 teachers who responded to a survey instrument adapted from the tools of Ventakesh and Davis (2000) and of Florida’s Center for Instructional Technology (2005). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 and AMOS version 20. Results suggest that the teachers surveyed have a favorable attitude towards technology. Moreover, the confirmatory factor analysis reveals that the grade level assignment of the teachers is significantly associated with their attitude towards technology (β=-.12, p=.05). In addition, results of the structural equation model revealed that only the perceived ease of use of technology significantly associates with technology integration practice of the teachers (β=0.75, p<.001 and β=0.59, p<.001). There is a need for large-scale surveys to obtain definitive findings on the topic. However, if the present evidence is an indication, the positive attitude among Filipino teachers will bode well for their application and integration of technology into their teaching activities.
Chapter 8: Information transfer and communication with SBAR during daily ward rounds on surgical wards

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the completeness and structure of information transfer between nurses and physicians during the daily ward rounds on surgical wards after the introduction of the SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation)-communication tool. Methods: The SBAR-tool was adjusted and implemented for use in participating surgical wards in three Dutch hospitals. An observation protocol was developed to observe the use of the SBAR-structure during daily ward rounds and the process during the rounds. Monthly observations on each ward were conducted by study researchers in real-time from September 2008 until September 2009. Results: In total, 43 daily rounds were observed in which 729 patients were discussed by the care professionals participating in the rounds. The rounds were usually led by physicians and the role of the nurses was relatively limited. The observations showed substantial variation between wards in the time to discuss a patient and the tasks performed during the rounds. The Situation was discussed for 86.9% of the patients, the Background for 77.0%, the Safety Concerns as part of the Assessment for 77.6% and the Recommendations/ actions for 87.2% of the patients. The specific timeframe for a required action was addressed for 33.7% of patients and for 5.7% actions were reported back for confirmation. Conclusions: Many SBAR-items were often included in the patient discussions during the daily ward rounds, except for timing and confirmation of required actions. Including these items is important but changing usual practice requires a more elaborate process than only introducing SBAR and should involve the nurses and physicians from the ward.
Cointegration Tests Using Instrumental Variables with an Example of the U.K. Demand for Money

In this paper, we propose new cointegration tests based on stationary instrumental variables in a single equation model as well as in a system of equations. An important property of our tests is that the asymptotic distribution is standard normal or chi-square. As such, the asymptotic distribution of the IV tests does not depend on the number of the regressors, differing deterministic terms, structural changes, and even statinary covariates. Thus, our IV cointegration tests have operating advantages in the presence of nuisance parameters. Moreover, we show that including stationary covariates increases considerably the power of the tests without affecting size. We illustrate the use of the tests by examining the demand for money in the U.K. JEL Classification: C12, C15, C22
Explaining welfare state preferences in dualized societies

Explaining social policy preferences has become a key topic in comparative politics. Labor market risk affects these preferences, but does dualization generate preference divides between labor market insiders and outsiders? The literature fundamentally disagrees on this question, because of different assumptions regarding the relevant locus of preference formation: political economy scholars answer in the affirmative, since they focus on employment vulnerability and preferences of individuals, while authors adopting a more sociologist perspective argue that household effects obliterate insider-outsider divides. Using a new continuous measure of ‘outsiderness’ and data from the European Social Survey, we show that labor market vulnerability explains social policy preferences, even if we control for the partner’s vulnerability. The household situation does matter, but its effect is limited: for most individuals’ preference formation, their own labor market risk prevails over the effect of their partners’ risk. More importantly even, the household effect is conditional on gender. Our findings have far-reaching implications for the politicization of insider-outsider divides. Acknowledgments: This article benefited from funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation (research grant n° 100017_131994/1). Previous versions have been presented at the Conference of Europeanists 2010 in Montréal, at the Oxford/Sciences Po joint doctoral seminar “The Dynamics of Politics and Inequalities” 2011, at the ECPR Joint sessions 2013 and at the political science staff colloquium at the University of Geneva. We would like to thank Marius Busemeyer, Achim Goerres, Peter Hall, Simon Hug, Torben Iversen, Philip Manow, Georg Picot, Jonas Pontusson as well as the participants of these conferences for helpful comments and suggestions. 1 Center for Comparative and International Studies CIS, University of Zurich, Switzerland silja.haeusermann@ipz.uzh. ch 2 Center for Comparative and International Studies CIS, University of Zurich, Switzerland kurer@ipz.uzh. ch 3 Center for Social Policy, Bremen University, Germany hanna.schwander@zes.uni-bremen.de
Intrauterine Development of the Bovine Fetus in Relation to Milk Yield in Guernsey Cattle

Summary This paper presents a study of advanced registry Guernsey records to determine the effect of carrying the calf on the milk yield of the mother during that pregnancy. The data show that the carrying of the calf is slight but significant drain on the mother's milk producing capacity amounting to from 400 to 600 pounds of milk with an energy value of about 125 to 200 therms. The carrying of the fetus has no influence on the butter-fat percentage.
Conservation biogeography of large Mediterranean islands. Butterfly impoverishment, conservation priorities and inferences for an ecologica “island paradigm”

Conservation biogeography is considered the Cinderella of biological conservation. Nevertheless biogeography provides the basis for establishing species distributions over space and time, therefore conservation priorities among areas and individual species. We demonstrate that there is no need to simplify analyses by using subsets of species (rare species, endemics) as surrogates. In doing so, we apply strict biogeographical techniques to determine butterfly impoverishment on three of the west Mediterranean's largest islands (Sardinia, Corsica and Sicily). The analyses performed on species, both collectively and individually, reveal that regional species richness in the Mediterranean zone can be largely predicted by latitude, altitude and latitudinal range (maximum minus minimum latitude), but that Sardinia and Corsica have clearly impoverished faunas. Logistic regression at individual species level demonstrates that several species, predicted to be present in these islands on the basis of their continental distributions, are actually absent. When compared with species that are present in these islands, such missing species are disclosed as having ecological traits which reduce their colonization capability. Probabilities of occurrence are calculated for each species on each island; they reflect the potential for each butterfly species to migrate to and colonise each island, and can be considered as a measure of conservation value. As such, species present on islands but having low immigration probabilities are predicted to represent isolated populations from the mainland that are unlikely to re-colonize the islands in the case of extinction. Island endemic species and races are shown to have lower occurrence probabilities compared to widespread species occurring on islands and illustrate the usefulness of occurrence probabilities for identifying isolated populations in need of conservation attention.
Prediction of the Concentration of Dissolved Oxygen in Running Water by Employing A Random Forest Machine Learning Technique

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key indicator in the study of the ecological health of rivers. Modeling DO is a major challenge due to complex interactions among various process components of it. Considering the vital importance of it in water bodies, the accurate prediction of DO is a critical issue in ecosystem management. Given the intricacy of the current process-based water quality models, a data-driven model could be an effective alternative tool. In this study, a random forest machine learning technique is employed to predict the DO level by identifying its major drivers. Time-series of half-hourly water quality data, spanning from 2007 to 2019, for the South Branch Potomac River near Springfield, WV, are obtained from the United States Geological Survey database. Key drivers are identified, and models are formulated for different scenarios of input variables. The model is calibrated for each input scenario using 80% of the data. Water temperature and pH are found to be the most influential predictors of DO. However, satisfactory model performance is achieved by considering water temperature, pH, and specific conductance as input variables. The model validation is made by predicting DO concentrations for the remaining 20% of the data. The comparison with the traditional multiple linear regression method shows that the random forest model performs significantly better. The study insights are, therefore, expected to be useful to estimate stream/river DO levels at various sites with a minimum number of predictors and help build a sturdy framework for ecosystem health management across an environmental gradient.
Random matrices and determinantal processes

The aim of this work is to explain some connections between random matrices and determinantal processes. First we consider the eigenvalue distributions of the classical Gaussian random matrices ensembles. Of particular interest is the distribution of their largest eigenvalue in the limit of large matrices. For the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble, GUE, it is known as GUE Tracy-Widom distribution [31] and appears in a lot of different models in combinatorics [3], growth models [10, 25, 13, 27], equilibrium statistical mechanics [7], and in non-colliding random walks or Brownian particles [21, 15]. Secondly we introduce the determinantal processes, which are point processes which n-point correlation functions are given by a determinants of a kernel of an integral operator. It turns out that the eigenvalue distribution of the GUE random matrices is a determinantal process which kernel has a particular structure. This is the reason why the GUE Tracy-Widom distribution appears in a lot of models which are not related with random matrices.
SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE WHITE SEPIOLITE KNOWN AS PIPESTONE FROM ESKİS EHİR, TURKEY

Various physicochemical characteristics of a sepiolite sample from the Eskis ehir area, Turkey, were investigated to help in making predictions about possible uses of the material. The sample was examined by chemical analysis (CA), thermal analysis (DTA/TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, particle-size analysis (PSA), linear dilatometry (LD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury porosimetry (Hg-Por.), and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption (N2-AD) techniques. The CA and XRD data indicated that the sepiolite contains only 6% dolomite by mass. The XRD patterns showed that sepiolite anhydride, enstatite, diopside, and opal-CT form upon heating the sepiolite above 600, 800, 900, and 1200oC, respectively. The maximum rate of endothermic changes in the DTA and TGA curves were observed at 82, 287, and 491oC, corresponding to the loss of external, zeolitic, and bound water from the sepiolite, respectively. Dehydroxylation and recrystallization of the sepiolite were fastest at 845oC and 862oC, respectively. The LD curve indicated that the shrinkage began at 800oC and reached 4.0% at 1000oC. The proportion of particles with diameters of <2 mm, and the external surface area of the long-term (24 h) water-treated sepiolite were determined by PSA as 79% by volume, and 8 mg , respectively. The SEM view revealed discrete bundles of sepiolite fibers of various lengths. The specific surface area found from adsorption data was 316 mg . The specific micro-, meso-, macro-, and total-pore volumes obtained from the combination of Hg-Por. and N2-AD results were 0.16, 0.21, 0.45, and 0.82 cm g , respectively. The average macropore and micro-mesopore radii in the sepiolite were estimated (using the Hg-Por. and N2-AD data) to be 35 and 2.4 nm, respectively. Key Words—Porosity, Sepiolite, Surface Area, Thermal Analysis, X-ray Diffraction.
A NIME Of The Times: Developing an Outward-Looking Political Agenda For This Community

So far, NIME research has been mostly inward-looking, ded-icated to divulging and studying our own work and hav-ing limited engagement with trends outside our community. Though musical instruments as cultural artefacts are inherently political, we have so far not suﬃciently engaged with confronting these themes in our own research. In this paper we argue that we should consider how our work is also political, and begin to develop a clear political agenda that includes social, ethical, and cultural considerations through which to consider not only our own musical instruments, but also those not created by us. Failing to do so would re-sult in an unintentional but tacit acceptance and support of such ideologies. We explore one item to be included in this political agenda: the recent trend in music technology of “democratising music”, which carries implicit political ideologies grounded in techno-solutionism. We conclude with a number of recommendations for stimulating community-wide discussion on these themes in the hope that this leads to the development of an outward-facing perspective that fully engages with political topics.
Naturalization of Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) in Utah

The history of naturalization of Russian olive, Elaeagnus angustifolia L. , in Utah is presented. During the first half of this century Russian olive became a common species in cultivation in Utah cities. By 1924 the tree was becoming established in nature in central Utah. Naturalization has been most evident during the last two decades. At present Russian olive is a conspicuous part of the vegetation in the valleys of central and northern Utah. The histories of naturalization of the plant in other western states are similar to that in Utah.
Valor nutritivo da forragem e produção animal em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha

The objectives of this work were to evaluate animal production and its relationship with pasture characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cultivars Marandu, Xaraes and Piata. The experiment had a randomized complete block design, with three treatments and two replicates. Two-ha paddocks were divided into two and submitted to alternated grazing, with 28 days of grazing and 28 days of rest. Three tester steers were kept in each paddock; additional steers were placed in each paddock by the put and take technique, to assure post grazing residues of about 3 Mg ha-1 of dry matter. The pastures were sampled monthly to estimate the nutritive value of the forage. The animals were weighted, and the stocking rate was adjusted twice a week. Despite the lower average daily gain (ADG), in the cv. Xaraes pasture, the stocking rate was greater, which resulted in greater productivity, in comparison with cvs. Marandu and Piata. The pasture with cv. Piata had the highest ADG. These results indicate that cvs. Xaraes and Piata are new alternatives for Cerrado pastures. The choice of the forage cultivar should fit the animal and production system targets.
Phenotypic homogeneity of two intertidal snails across a wave exposure gradient in South Australia

Abstract Dislodgement by the large drag forces imparted by breaking waves is an important cause of mortality for intertidal snails. The risk of drag-induced dislodgement can be reduced with: (1) a smaller shell of lower maximum projected surface area (MPSA); (2) a streamlined shell shape characterized by a squatter shell; and/or (3) greater adhesive strength attained through a larger foot area or increased foot tenacity. Snails on exposed coasts tend to express traits that increase dislodgement resistance. Such habitat-specific differences could result from direct selection against poorly adapted phenotypes on exposed shores but may reflect gastropod adaptation to high wave action achieved through phenotypic plasticity or genetic polymorphism. With this in mind, we examined the size, shape and adhesive strength of populations of two gastropod species, Austrocochlea constricta (Lamarck) and Nerita atramentosa (Reeve), from two adjacent shores representing extremes in wave exposure. Over a 5 day period, maximum wave forces were more than 10 times greater on the exposed than sheltered shore. Size–frequency distributions indicate that a predator consuming snails within the 1.3–1.8 cm length range regulates sheltered shore populations of both snail species. Although morphological scaling considerations suggest that drag forces should not place physical limits on the size of these gastropods, exposed shore populations of both snails were small relative to the maximum size documented for these species. Therefore, selective forces at the exposed site might favour smaller individuals with increased access to microhabitat refuges. Unexpectedly, however, neither snail species exhibited between-shore differences in shape, foot area or foot tenacity, which are likely to have adaptive explanations. Hence, it is possible that these snails are incapable of adaptive developmental responses to high wave action. Instead, the homogeneous and wave-exposed nature of Australia's southern coastline may have favoured the evolution of generalist strategies in these species.
Technologies/systems for different manure and organic waste treatment options REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF AMMONIA FROM LIQUID SWINE MANURE AND POULTRY LITTER USING GAS PERMEABLE MEMBRANES

New waste management methods are needed that can protect the environment and allow manure management to switch back to a recycling view of manure handling (Martinez et al., 2009). One of the largest environmental concerns associated with livestock and poultry production is the loss of ammonia gas (NH3) from the manure (Aneja et al., 2001, Paerl, 1997). The Research Triangle Institute International (RTI, 2003) estimated the monetized economic benefits to North Carolina households of changes in environmental quality resulting from the generalized adoption of alternative waste technologies (2,300 swine operations). Results indicated that adoption of technologies that provides a 50% reduction of NH3 emissions account for an estimated benefit of $190 million/year in avoided human health impacts (RTI, 2003). Similarly, volatilization of NH3 inside poultry barns often results in an excessive accumulation of NH3 in air, which can negatively affect the health of both workers and birds (Ritz et al., 2004). Although increased ventilation can lower the NH3 in poultry houses to safe levels, it is expensive due to energy costs during winter months (Moore et al., 1995). Conservation and recovery of nitrogen (N) is also important in animal agriculture because of the high cost of commercial NH3 fertilizers. Thus, there is major interest from producers and the public on implementing best control technologies that would abate NH3 emissions from confined livestock and poultry operations by capturing and recovering N. We investigated the use of gas-permeable membranes as components of new processes to capture and recover ammonia from liquid manures as well as from the air in poultry houses and other livestock installations. Gas permeable membranes have been used in biomedical engineering applications in membrane oxygenator devices to imitate the function of the lungs in cardiopulmonary bypass and longer term life support, to add oxygen to, and to remove carbon dioxide from the blood (Gaylor, 1988).