Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dutch dominant perspective on water; risks and opportunities involved

To implement or continue water management strategies social support is needed. Social support highly depends on people's perspectives on water. However, these perspectives are not static and may change over time leading to changes in social support for strategies. Therefore, sustainable water management strategies should be robust. Robust strategies are able to cope with changing social and environmental developments. Lacking robustness runs the risk of losing social support, which may force policymakers into sudden or expensive measures. We use the Perspectives Method to analyze the present Dutch policy perspective and the dominant perspective on water among Dutch water professionals, by respectively studying the Dutch Delta report and questionnaire outputs and distinguishing between Hierarchical, Egalitarian, Individualistic and Fatalistic perspectives. A comparison between the policy and professional perspective shows similarities and differences. Topics regarding drought, water supply, and waters’ relation to spatial planning need serious reconsideration to guarantee enough present and future social support to implement the measures suggested in the policy report.
Subacute toxicological evaluation of Asiasari radix methanol extract

Asiasari radix, a traditional herbal medicine commonly used to treat various diseases, currently has a lack of information about adverse effects. Safety information of A. radix and its extract is limited to its historical use. The safety of A. radix methanol extract was tested in an oral subacute 28-day toxicity study in both male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at doses of 50, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day. No mortality and significant signs of toxicity were observed in either the control or treated groups of both sexes. There were no significant differences in the body and organ weights or in food and water consumption. Hematological and biochemical parameters showed no changes in either the control or treated groups of both sexes. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. Therefore, methanolic extract of A. radix appears to be safe and nontoxic in these studies, and a no observed adverse effect level in rats is established at 500 mg/kg/day, the highest dose tested.
Decompositions of Symmetry Using Generalized Linear Diagonals-Parameter Symmetry Model and Orthogonality of Test Statistic for Square Contingency Tables

For square contingency tables with ordered categories, the present paper gives several theorems that the symmetry model holds if and only if the generalized linear diagonals-parameter symmetry model for cell probabilities and for cumulative probabilities and the mean nonequality model of row and column variables hold. It also shows the orthogonality of statistic for testing goodness-of-fit of the symmetry model. An example is given.
Topical Testosterone Gel for the Treatment of Male Hypogonadism

Objective: This review describes the current knowledge of biological external testosterone (T) application using dermal products for the treatment of late-onset male hypogonadism (LOH). Methods: An English language search of medical literature using Pubmed was conducted between January of 1984 and March of 2012 using the search term 'testosterone gel'. Special emphasis was given to clinical controlled trials and large case studies. Results: We describe the current knowledge on testosterone replacement therapy using gel applications. A reference search revealed 1567 publications; 44 were clinical studies in human patients with male hypogonadism, 80 were reviews, 27 were case reports, and 9 were retrospective studies. Data from the literature and from 20 clinical studies involving human patients were analyzed since they met the inclusion criteria of testosterone gel administration in hypogonadal males. For the purpose of this review, a total number of 2,378 human patients were studied. Overall, biological T administration resulted in improvement of sexual dysfunction and symptoms of metabolic syndrome and represented an effective and safe treatment option for hypogonadal men. Conclusions: Administration of biological T gel appears to represent a valid alternative treatment option for male hypogonadism with a favorite efficacy and safety profile.
Dynamic Service Scheduling for Workflow Applications in Service Oriented Grid

In the service oriented grid, a grid application can be composed of diverse grid services which may be already deployed on grid sites, and dependencies between these grid services can be described as the workflow graph. Though many grid scheduling methods have been developed, they have been studied based on static heterogeneous computing environment. For this reason, these heuristics cannot be directly applied to grid, which is more dynamic computing environment. Therefore, we develop the dynamic service scheduling method, which support that the workflow applications can be performed effectively in spite of dynamic grid nature. Lastly, we show that our proposed scheduling method outperforms than other conventional scheduling methods through the various experiments.
Placing commercial property in the Australian capital market

Like other developed countries, commercial property in Australia is an important investment asset class. On available data, the extent and composition of investment grade commercial property and associated property investment products can be measured and compared to the wider Australian investment market. As at December 2006, the estimated size of the Australian commercial property investment market is AU$449 billion of which Australian Institutions own approximately AU$178 billion (40%). Due to illiquidity and high value thresholds there are several property investment products which allow investors exposure to local and overseas commercial property. The largest is public equity with Real Estate Investment Trusts AU$136 billion representing close to 10% of the Australian Stockmarket. Next is private equity comprising wholesale property trusts and property syndicates at a combined value of AU$ 69 billion. Debt securities offer an alterative return stream with the AU$71 billion whole commercial property mortgage sector and the emerging AU$12 billion traded debt securities sector. In separating the equity, commercial property and publicly traded debt components, the size of the Australian investment market for these asset classes can be compared to the global equivalent. The total value of the global investment market is AU$152 trillion, and is apportioned equities AU$59 trillion (39%), debt securities AU$84 trillion (55%) and commercial property AU$9 trillion (6%). The Australian market share is 2% of the global investment market, although the percentages range across the different investment sub-markets. The Australian commercial property market accounts for 2.4% of the global property market as there is a significant proportion of Australian investment grade property already owned by institutions. Contact David M. Higgins University of Technology Sydney Po Box 123 Broadway, NSW 2007 Australia Tel: +61 (0) 2 9514 8733 Email: david.higgins@uts.edu. au
11. The Stonehouse survey Cartwright KAV, Stuart JM, Jones DM, Noah ND. Epidemiol Infect 1987; 99: 591–601

The Stonehouse meningitis survey took place in 1986 [1]. The context was a substantial and highly focal outbreak of meningococcal disease affecting the population of southern Gloucestershire and particularly the town of Stroud and its adjacent communities – a population of some 90000 individuals in the west of England. Almost all cases of meningococcal disease were due to a serogroup B, type 15, subtype P1.7,16 sulphonamide-resistant strain that had not been documented in Gloucestershire (and only rarely in the United Kingdom) prior to 1982, the first year of the outbreak. As is often the case at the start of an outbreak of meningococcal disease in a temperate country, the attack rate rose particularly in older children. For the population of Stroud as a whole the meningococcal disease attack rate rose from approximately 1·0 cases per 105 to approximately 8 per 105 population.
Calcium action potentials in retinal bipolar neurons

Patch-clamp and calcium-indicator measurements were used to examine the electrical excitability of large-terminal bipolar neurons from goldfish retina. Large, transient increases in intracellular calcium occurred spontaneously in the synaptic terminal but not in the soma of bipolar neurons. Calcium transients were blocked by hyperpolarization, by external application of calcium-channel blockers, and by the neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate. These observations suggest that calcium action potentials are responsible for the spontaneous increases in intraterminal calcium, which was directly confirmed by electrical recordings of calcium-dependent action potentials in both whole-cell and perforated-patch recordings. We suggest that regenerative depolarization produced by the opening of calcium channels in the synaptic terminal of on-type bipolar neurons represents an amplification mechanism in the high-sensitivity ON pathway in the dark-adapted fish retina.
The diarrhea of travelers. V. Prophylaxis with phthalylsulfathiazole and neomycin sulphate.

Travelers to all lands have suffered attacks of diarrhea. A double-blind study tested the efficacy of 2 antimicrobial drugs in the prevention of tourist diarrhea among 473 American college students in Mexico City. One group of 168 received a lactose placebo, 137 received neomycin sulfate (1 gm. per day), and 168 received phthalylsulfathiazole (2 gm. per day), all under close supervision. Moderate or severe diarrhea occured in 17% (29) of those who took the placebo, 5% (7) of those who took neomycin, and 7% (11) of those who took phthalylsulfathiazole. Among these initially healthy and carefully supervised young persons no untoward reactions were observed, but if these drugs are to he used as prophylactic agents on a larger scale, their administration should be accompanied by similar medical precautions.
Extensiveness of farmers’ buying process of agri-inputs in India: implications for marketing

Purpose - Understanding of the farmers’ buying process is of great economic and strategic relevance for agri-business firms. The purpose of this paper is to explain the extensiveness of the buying process of Indian farmers in their purchase of agri-inputs and discusses its implications for agri-industries. Design/methodology/approach - Four different dimensions of the buying process, namely, buying decision time, number of information sources used, number of evaluated suppliers, and number of conversations with suppliers were used to study the extensiveness of the buying process of the farmers. Responses of 278 farmers were analyzed with the help of mean and frequency distribution, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Findings - Overall, the extensiveness of the buying process for the frequently purchased inputs was less in comparison to that of the infrequently purchased inputs. However, there were differences in the extensiveness of the buying process for the inputs within the same category. Farmers’ characteristics influenced their buying process and the impact was more evident in case of frequently purchased agri-inputs. All the four dimensions of the farmers’ buying process were found to be positively correlated for most of the agri-inputs. Research limitations/implications - The farmers’ buying process varies for different agri-inputs and is dependent on the farmers’ characteristics. Firms can use the findings of the study to develop appropriate marketing strategies to broaden their customers’ base and increase sales. Originality/value - The paper offers an insight into the farmers’ buying process in India and how the farmers behave in different dimensions of the buying process. There are very few studies on the subject carried out in the Indian context.
Health as expanding consciousness.

Health and illness are not opposed, and disease is not an enemy that strikes a victim. Rather, health and disease are synthesized parts of a unitary whole, dialectically fused in an individual and the envir onment. This book offers a vital new approach, focusing on the pattern of the whole and advancing caring as the key moral and professional i mperative for promoting health. Essential for all nursing and health c are educators, practitioners, and students.
Bringing Student Innovations To Market: A Hinman Ceos Success Story

This paper discusses a study of the challenges and opportunities navigated by Anik Singal, a technology entrepreneur, during his senior year with the University of Maryland’s Hinman CEOs Program. The paper examines the process and explores the trials and successes of how this finance major paired university resources with his entrepreneurial mindset to launch a successful Company. With his first-hand account of the key success factors, this study may serve as a model for building new entrepreneurship programs and as a tool to enhance existing entrepreneurship offerings.
Performance of an ITER CS1 model coil conductor under transverse cyclic loading up to 40,000 cycles

The large currents in the cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) destined for the high field magnets in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), cause huge transverse forces on the strands compressing the cable against one side of the conduit. This load causes transverse compressive strain in the strands at the crossovers contacts. Moreover, the strands are also subjected to bending and contact surfaces micro-sliding, which results into friction and anomalous contact resistance versus force behavior. Three Nb/sub 3/Sn central solenoid model coil (CSMC) conductors were tested previously in the Twente Cryogenic Cable Press up to 40 cycles with a transverse peak load of 650 kN/m. This press can transmit a variable (cyclic) transverse force directly to a cable section of 400 mm length at a temperature of 4.2 K (or higher). To explore life-time cycling, we tested a CSMC Nb/sub 3/Sn conductor up to 40,000 cycles. The coupling loss and the associated interstrand resistance between various strands and strand bundles are measured at various loads. The force on the cable and the displacement are monitored in order to determine the effective cable Young's modulus and the mechanical heat generation. Some aspects of strand deformation in CICC's are discussed. The test results are discussed in view of previous press results and data extracted from the ITER model coil tests.
Determinants of consumer retention in cellular industry of Pakistan

Cellular industry of Pakistan has grown many folds in recent years. Many new entrants have also joined the market to reap the potentials of this growing industry. This situation has originated a hyper competition among major cellular service providers in Pakistan. Companies are working hard to introduce more innovative and eye-catching products to attract customers. The companies with large consumer base are striving to reduce their switching costs. However the main concerns of the cellular service providers is to retain the existing customers. This research is designed to find out the determinants of consumer retention in cellular industry of Pakistan. This is an exploratory study based on primary data which was collected from University students of Pakistan. The study found user friendliness, price reasonability and call clarity as strongest determinants of consumer retention in cellular industry of Pakistan. Although the findings of this study are specific to cellular industry in Pakistan, these may be generalized to any other market passing through transitional phase of rapid growth and characterized by low paying capacity of customers. Key words: Customer satisfaction, consumer retention, switching cost, cellular industry, Pakistan.
Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Antagonists Inhibit Replication of HIV-1 in Human Macrophages

Macrophages infected with HIV-1 produce high levels of M-CSF and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α). M-CSF facilitates the growth and differentiation of macrophages, while the chemotactic properties of MIP-1α attract both T lymphocytes and macrophages to the site of HIV infection. Studies described in this work indicate M-CSF may function in an autocrine/paracrine manner to sustain HIV replication, and data suggest possible therapeutic strategies for decreasing viral load following HIV infection. We show that macrophage infection with measles virus or respiratory syncytial virus, in contrast to HIV-1, results in production of MIP-1α, but not M-CSF. Thus, M-CSF appears to be specifically produced upon infection of macrophages with HIV-1. Furthermore, addition of M-CSF antagonists to HIV-1-infected macrophages, including anti-M-CSF monoclonal or polyclonal Abs or soluble M-CSF receptors, dramatically inhibited HIV-1 replication and reduced production of MIP-1α. Our results suggest that biologic antagonists for M-CSF may represent novel strategies for inhibiting the spread of HIV-1 by 1) blocking virus replication in macrophages, 2) reducing recruitment of HIV-susceptible T cells and macrophages by MIP-1α, and 3) preventing the establishment and maintenance of infected macrophages as a reservoir for HIV.
Readability of Patient-Reported Outcome Questionnaires For Use With Persons With Tinnitus

Objectives:The readability of 15 tinnitus-focused, patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires was analyzed. Design:Reading grade levels were analyzed using the Flesch Reading Ease, FOG, and FORCAST formulas as computed by a readability calculations software package. Results:The results of this study demonstrate that the majority of questionnaires exceeded the fifth- to sixth-grade reading levels recommended by health literacy experts regardless of the formula applied. Conclusions:In the demand for standardization of tinnitus assessment tools, developers and clinicians should consider readability as another testable construct, as poor readability may affect both validity and reliability.
Modeling psychopathology structure: a symptom-level analysis of Axis I and II disorders

Background Analyses of co-morbidity patterns among common mental disorders have repeatedly indicated that relationships among disorders can be understood in terms of broad superordinate dimensions. However, these analyses have been based on syndromal-level indicators, which are often heterogeneous, rather than on symptoms, which are presumably more homogeneous. Method Symptom-level exploratory and confirmatory analyses were used to explore the joint hierarchical organization of Axis I and II psychopathology, using data on 8405 individuals from the 2000 British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Results Analyses indicated that 20 identified subordinate dimensions of psychopathology could be organized into four broad superordinate dimensions: Internalizing, Externalizing, Thought Disorder, and Pathological Introversion. Conclusions These results extend existing model frameworks ‘downward’ as well as ‘outward’, by analyzing symptoms rather than diagnoses, and by integrating symptoms from Axis I and II disorders in a common framework. This model demonstrates the importance of hierarchy in psychopathology structure, comprises replicable features of psychopathology structure, and has important implications for understanding the nature and organization of mental disorders.
Large Net Foreign Liabilities of Euro Area Countries

Over recent years, several euro area countries have registered large and persistent net foreign liabilities. This paper examines the risks arising from these external stock imbalances, the prospects for their smooth unwinding and the menu of policy options. The paper demonstrates that external stock imbalances remain a source of vulnerabilities in the (former) programme countries and, to a lesser extent, the euro area countries in central and eastern Europe. The net foreign liabilities of these economies stand at levels that are typically associated with an increased susceptibility to external crises. Mechanical projections indicate that the net foreign liabilities of the (former) programme countries will remain at elevated levels over the next decade despite some gradual adjustments, while those of the central and eastern European (CEE) countries could return to more sustainable levels more quickly. There are also vulnerabilities related to the composition of external positions, most notably the unfavourable debt-equity mix in the (former) programme countries. However, the long maturity of public external debt – which is often owed to official creditors – and, in the CEE countries, the prevalence of stable foreign direct investment should mitigate external sustainability risks. Furthermore, the net payments associated with the external positions of the euro area debtor countries are relatively low at the current juncture, although the burden could increase markedly if euro area interest rates were to normalise again. Against this backdrop, a timely and well-designed policy response would provide critical support to the orderly unwinding of the remaining external stock imbalances in the euro area. An optimal policy mix would consist of measures simultaneously fostering GDP growth and sustainable current account improvements in the debtor economies, in particular reforms aimed at enhancing productivity growth and export performance. JEL Classification: F21, F32, F34, F36, F45
DAPSK schemes for low-complexity OFDM systems

In this paper, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with coherent, incoherent and quasi-coherent demodulation schemes will be considered respectively. Resulting system performance figures will be compared in terms of bit error rate (BER) and hardware complexity. It is well known that non-differential modulation and coherent demodulation techniques have optimum BER performance but lead to a significantly increased system overhead due to pilot signals and system complexity due to channel estimation procedure. This paper describes differential modulation schemes, which do not require any radio channel estimation, and two related incoherent and quasi-coherent demodulation techniques. The resulting BER performance is nearly identical compared with coherent demodulation, but the computation complexity is drastically reduced. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) based experimental system has been developed, which is used for BER performance measurements and system complexity considerations
Answer Extraction System Based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Question Answering (QA) task is still an active area of research in information retrieval. A variety of methods which have been proposed in the literature during the last few decades to solve this task have achieved mixed success. However, such methods developed in the Arabic language are scarce and do not have a good performance record. This is due to the challenges of Arabic language. QA based on Frequently Asked Questions is an important branch of QA in which a question is answered based on pre-answered ones. In this paper, the aim is to build a question answering system that responds to a user inquiry based on pre-answered questions. The proposed approach is based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation. Firstly, the dataset, pairs of questions and associated answers, will be grouped into several clusters of related documents. Next, when a new question to be answered is posed to the system, it,therefore, starts to assign this question to its appropriate cluster, then, use a similarity measure to get the top ten closest possible answers. Preliminary results show that the proposed method is achieving a good level of performance.