Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mixing and Chemical Ozone Loss during and after the Antarctic Polar Vortex Major Warming in September 2002

Abstract The 3D version of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLAMS) is used to study the transport of CH4 and O3 in the Antarctic stratosphere between 1 September and 30 November 2002, that is, over the time period when unprecedented major stratospheric warming in late September split the polar vortex into two parts. The isentropic and cross-isentropic velocities in CLAMS are derived from ECMWF winds and heating/cooling rates calculated with a radiation module. The irreversible part of transport, that is, mixing, is driven by the local horizontal strain and vertical shear rates with mixing parameters deduced from in situ observations. The CH4 distribution after the vortex split shows a completely different behavior above and below 600 K. Above this potential temperature level, until the beginning of November, a significant part of vortex air is transported into the midlatitudes up to 40°S. The lifetime of the vortex remnants formed after the vortex split decreases with the altitude with v.
Natural hybridization between cultivated poplars and their wild relatives: evidence and consequences for native poplar populations

L'introgression et le flux de genes d'especes domestiquees vers les especes sauvages peuvent avoir un role determinant sur la dynamique des populations naturelles. Les objectifs de cette revue sont de faire le point de cette problematique chez les peupliers, a partir de donnees bibliographiques et de donnees recentes sur l'introgression et l'hybridation chez les especes du genre Populus. Dans un premier temps, nous preciserons concepts et terminologie avant de presenter des exemples d'hybridations naturelles ou d'origine anthropogenique entre especes autochtones et introduites. Nous decrirons ensuite les barrieres reproductives qui peuvent limiter les flux de genes entre especes. Enfin, nous discuterons des possibles consequences de l'hybridation et suggererons des strategies de conservation pour les populations naturelles menacees.
The Effect of Emotional Labor of College Administrative Service Workers on Job Attitudes: Mediating Effect of Emotional Labor on Trust and Organizational Commitment

Service providers working for a service organization are asked to express such positive emotions as joy, pleasure, and politeness required at the organizational level rather than their natural emotions they are experiencing at the moment. They cannot express their emotion they are actually going through and accordingly, their level of emotional labor and emotional dissonance influence on their job commitment and trust toward their organization. This study thus set out to investigate the effects of leading variables of emotional labor on the level of emotional labor and the impact of emotional labor on organizational trust and organizational commitment with a subject group of college administrative staffs. Three underlying factors such as job stress, intimacy, and professionalism were identified as the determinants of emotional labor. Based on the conceptual background and our research questions, five research hypotheses and the proposed research model regarding the effects of emotional labor on organizational commitment and trust were developed. We also tried to include the moderating effects of work environment and gender of service providers on the research model. Given those findings, this study offers theoretical implication that confirms the negative results of emotional labor. Unlike many different studies on emotional labor from the traditional perspective of service, this study offers a practical implication by expanding and applying it to the field of college administrative service, which is an area where service providers are in the different working environment from the traditional company work environment. Finally, the managerial implications and the limitations of the study were also discussed.
TLR8 increased both the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy human volunteers and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in supernatant from the PBMC-UCMSCs co-culture system. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are now widely used in clinical cell-based therapy due to their characteristics of low immunogenicity, multiple differentiation potency and the capability to modulate immune responses. However, accumulated research has indicated the absence of engrafted MSCs because of the increased immunogenicity of MSCs. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential for the innate immune response and regulating the biological function of MSCs. The present study used human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) and activated the TLR8 pathway of UCMSCs to study the role of TLR8 in mediating the immune status of UCMSCs. The results demonstrated that the activation of TLR8 increased both the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy human volunteers and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in supernatant from the PBMC-UCMSCs co-culture system. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that the TLR8 agonist increased the expression of many co‐stimulatory molecules and pro‐inflammatory genes, and flow cytometry indicated that activation of the TLR8 agonist increased co-stimulation protein levels but reduced specific surface markers, as confirmed by the part loss of stemness of UCMSCs. Finally, TLR8 increased osteocyte differentiation but had no effect on chondrocyte and adipocyte differentiation. The current study indicated the implication to TLR8 as regulators of the immunogenicity of UCMSCs.
HIGHLY SELECTIVE LOSSY DUAL-BAND BANDSTOP FILTER SYNTHESIS AND DESIGN BASED ON PREDISTORTION HYBRID DUAL-BAND ELLIPTIC REFECTION FUNCTION

This paper demonstrates a new class of highly selective bandstop filter based on cascading two identical lossy hybrid dual-band bandstop filters of low resonator Q factor. Each filter is synthesized based on multi-stage predistortion reflection mode technique. To demonstrate the approach, 4th order hybrid dual-band elliptic filter network which is a product of elliptic lowpass and highpass network functions has been predistorted and synthesized with low calculated Q factor. The lossy dual-band bandstop filters are fabricated and realized on microstrip planar structure. Both theoretical and experimental results clearly show good agreements with two stopband rejections up to 35 dB for one stage and 50 dB for two stages with passband loss of more than 10 dB.
Purchasing power parity: Evidence of long memory processes and fractional integration

Article history: Received December 10, 2014 Received in revised format: March 2, 2015 Accepted March 2, 2015 Available online March 2 2015 The Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theory, which serves as a key to the determination of several models of exchange rates, suggests a long-term relationship between exchange rates and relative prices. It states that the price levels in all the countries are the same when measured in terms of a single currency. The purpose of this study is to model the behavior of the exchange rates of five partner countries of Tunisia, namely, (Germany, the United States, France, Italy, the UK, Morocco and Libya) relative to its fundamentals over the period 1990-1999. Beyond the traditional linear cointegration, we use the approaches based on fractional cointegration. We are trying to discriminate between the adjustment dynamics with long memory (but linear) and a dynamics of a short memory (nonlinear). Given the important role of the exchange rates in the successful experience of open economies, we are interested, in this work, in analyzing the dynamics of the exchange rates in the long run. The econometric results obtained through the GPH tests, make us consider the PPP as an event in the long run if significant short-term deviations from the PPP cannot exist. Therefore, the analysis of the fractional cointegration makes the deviations, regarding equilibrium, follow a slightly integrated process and therefore capture a much wider group of research parity or mean-reverting behavior. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 5 © 201
A Study of Primary School Teachers’ and Turkish Language Teachers’ Anxiety about Tablet PC Assisted Teaching

Many educational institutions use a number of technologies in classrooms to promote the effectiveness of learning activities. In recent years, tablet PCs have become the primary of these technologies. Tablet PCs in particular play an important role in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the process of learning and teaching. In order to reveal this effect of tablet PCs on learning-teaching and to ensure that tablet PCs are used effectively by teachers, development of favorable attitudes by teachers towards computers and elimination of anxiety about using these devices are of utmost importance. The purpose of this study is to determine primary school and Turkish teachers’ anxiety level about using tablet PCs in the process of learning and teaching. To this end, the anxiety scale for tablet PC assisted teaching developed by the researcher was administrated to the teachers. In order to determine the teachers’ anxiety level about using tablet PC in teaching, cross-sectional survey technique was used in the research. According to the results of the research, Turkish teachers’ anxiety level about teaching with tablet PC was found to be higher than that of primary school teachers. Also, in both branches of teaching, females have higher anxiety level about teaching with tablet PC than males. The findings of the research suggest that teachers should be provided with adequate training in using tablet PCs and integration of tablet PCs into educational activities, and that the technical infrastructure should be arranged accordingly.
Lung Lesion Segmentation Using Gaussian Filter and Discrete Wavelet Transform

Lung cancer is the growth of a tumour, referred to as a nodule that arises from cells covering the airways of the respiratory arrangement. Effective detection of lung cancer at premature stages enables any cure options, and reduce risk of insidious surgery and increased continued existence rate. Recently, image processing techniques are extensively used in different medical areas for lung tumour image improvement in early detection and cure stages. This is due to the importance of the time factor of discovering the abnormality issues in target images. The developed system is mainly an algorithm combining different image processing techniques such as filtering, erosion, discrete wavelets transform, and thresholding. However, the main aim of this work is to investigate the effectiveness of different filters along with different types of discrete wavelets toward an accurate segmentation of a lung tumour in a CT image. The experimental results of the developed system show that the use of Gaussian filter with the Haar wavelets is the best for such segmentation task.
'Dispossession': time, motion and depictive regimes.

Patrick Maynard offers the term ‘frameworks’ to describe techniques for organising depictions “that can precede the drawing of any individual objects”. With regard specifically to drawing in the comics register, Groensteen identified ‘quadrillage’ (gridding) as “an operation (or at least a stage of reflection that is not always incarnated) that intervenes very early in the process of elaboration in comics”, which “operates as a primary repartition of the narrative material. ”
The extreme profitability of the UK tobacco market and the rationale for a new tobacco levy

The profitability of the tobacco industry is now topical as the current UK government, and the main opposition Labour party, have both outlined plans for a levy on the UK tobacco industry. The basic idea is that the industry should explicitly pay more towards the costs their products impose upon society and which are currently born by all taxpayers. Implicit within this idea is that the industry is earning significant profits from which a fuller contribution could be made towards the societal costs engendered. Thus, in this report we seek to examine the current profitability of the UK market and comment upon the different possibilities that exist for such a levy since the details are not yet fixed. To that end, in section A of this report we explore the profitability of the UK tobacco market during the last five years, and then in Section B we comment upon the possibilities that exist for such a tobacco levy and how the industry might make a larger financial contribution. Finally our conclusions are presented in Section C.
Elevated ambient PM10 levels affecting respiratory health of schoolchildren in Chiang Mai, Thailand

The health effects from exposure to particulate air pollution during the dry season (February-March) in northern Thailand, a longstanding problem, have become particularly acute since 2007. Although several studies have reported the effect of ambient PM 10 levels on airway oxidative stress and pulmonary function among respiratory disease patients, few studies have focused on healthy children, especially in Thailand. We conducted a prospective follow-up study to assess the respiratory health among schoolchildren exposed to different levels of ambient PM 10 by comparing exhaled malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and pulmonary function indices. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples were obtained from individual participants. MDA in EBC has been proposed as a biomarker of airway oxidative stress. The participants were 54 healthy schoolchildren with median (min-max) age of 11 (10-12) years old from a pri- mary school in Chiang Mai City, Thailand. Questionnaires and EBC samples were collected twice, in the rainy season (July 2011, low PM 10 level) and the dry season (March 2012, high PM 10 level). It required about 10 minutes to collect EBC samples of 1-3 mL from individual participants, using an EBC-collect- ing apparatus that was modified specifically for this research from a standard hospital-use apparatus. MDA concentration in EBC was analyzed using HPLC- UV detection. Trained public health personnel performed the pulmonary function tests. The median of exhaled MDA concentrations in the rainy and dry seasons was 0.17 and 0.22 µM, respectively. Mean ± SD of forced expiratory volume in one-second/forced vital capacity ratios (FEV 1 /FVC) in the rainy and dry seasons was 94.6 ± 4.4 and 91.3 ± 4.7 percent predicted, respectively. Exhaled MDA concentration significantly increased and the FEV 1 /FVC ratio significantly decreased in the dry season (p<0.05). This results shows that elevated ambient
OPTIMIZING OBJECT-BASED CLASSIFICATION IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS USING VERY HIGH RESOLUTION GEOEYE-1 IMAGERY

Abstract. The latest breed of very high resolution (VHR) commercial satellites opens new possibilities for cartographic and remote sensing applications. In fact, one of the most common applications of remote sensing images is the extraction of land cover information for digital image base maps by means of classification techniques. When VHR satellite images are used, an object-based classification strategy can potentially improve classification accuracy compared to pixel based classification. The aim of this work is to carry out an accuracy assessment test on the classification accuracy in urban environments using pansharpened and panchromatic GeoEye-1 orthoimages. In this work, the influence on object-based supervised classification accuracy is evaluated with regard to the sets of image object (IO) features used for classification of the land cover classes selected. For the classification phase the nearest neighbour classifier and the eCognition v. 8 software were used, using seven sets of IO features, including texture, geometry and the principal layer values features. The IOs were attained by eCognition using a multiresolution segmentation approach that is a bottom-up regionmerging technique starting with one-pixel. Four different sets or repetitions of training samples, always representing a 10% for each classes were extracted from IOs while the remaining objects were used for accuracy validation. A statistical test was carried out in order to strengthen the conclusions. An overall accuracy of 79.4% was attained with the panchromatic, red, blue, green and near infrared (NIR) bands from the panchromatic and pansharpened orthoimages, the brightness computed for the red, blue, green and infrared bands, the Maximum Difference, a mean of soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and, finally the normalized Digital Surface Model or Object Model (nDSM), computed from LiDAR data. For buildings classification, nDSM was the most important feature attaining producer and user accuracies of around 95%. On the other hand, for the class "vegetation", SAVI was the most significant feature, obtaining accuracies close to 90%.
Designing a next-generation waveguide by geometry

Planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) have broad application in areas ranging from space to telecommunications to sensing. For example, PLC technology can be used in optical true-time delays for phased array antennas. These delays make possible a simpler, less-expensive control system and improved performance that could benefit wireless communication in space and air.1 PLCs also have utility in integrated-optic network components, such as optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs). 2 These devices help achieve high system functionality in fiber-to-thehome networks. Finally, PLC techniques can be used for optical sensors and emerging visible applications, since they enable integration of mode filters, interferometric principles, and other optical functions required for compact, highly sensitive and selective devices. Figure 1 gives an overview of optical integration technologies. Integrating functions has several advantages over discrete solutions. Lower costs, mass production, stability, and form factor (footprint area and volume) are all well-known drivers for integration. Achieving integration in the field of optics will require meeting a number of specifications. First, to ensure tight bends and consequently small structures, the technology must offer high contrast in refractive index between the light-guiding layer and the surroundings. Second, there must be a way of correcting for additional losses owing to the greater number of functions. Third, because polarization is so important, there must be a way to control it. Finally, transparency for a large range of wavelengths is essential to guarantee the maximum flexibility required of an industrial standard for integration. We have developed the TriPleX waveguide technology, which is capable of meeting these requirements. It consists of alternating layers of silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) formed by CMOS-compatible low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). TriPleX is fully transparent for wavelengths Figure 1. Examples of optical integration: (from left to right) optical beam forming for phased array antennas, microring resonator filter for R-OADMs, and spiral waveguide for optical sensor. R-OADMs: Reconfigurable OADMs.
The Importance of Pre-commitment in International Environmental Agreements

In the face of transboundary pollution externalities, cooperation in regulatory efforts between countries is required to move the economy towards the efficient outcome. Existing research in this field concludes that such cooperation is unlikely to occur because of the free-rider problem. This paper introduces the institution of international treaties and shows that a cooperative outcome supported by a treaty is sustainable. One effective treaty structure requires countries to reduce their pollution levels by a common percentage from the non-cooperative benchmark level, but only if all countries sign it. Under such a treaty arrangement, welfare improvements are generally significant.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REVIEW

As a consequence of extremely competitive markets, companies must endeavor to reveal a picture of themselves as highly socially responsible enterprises. The increasing academic interest in Corporate Social Responsibility has led the development of a set of definitions regarding the concept. Nowadays, extant literature presents substantial evidence that CSR activities can play a significant role in enhancing a firm‟s value (Mahfuja, 2013). In this scenario, the following paper examines the broad progress of the ideas behind the concept though its origins and evolution in a country focus approach, practices implementation and literature available from different authors over the time. Also, we outline a set of core elements that many scholars associate this term with and finally we develop a special focus towards the stakeholders approach among all theories available on this matter.
Investigation on the Quality of Aspirin Tablets Manufactured in Different Countries, by Applying The Methods Used in Pharmaceutical Technology

Because of its easy availability, cheapness, low toxicity and the less side effects, it is the most commonly used of all analgesics (1, 2, 3, 4). It is reported that serious gastric effects and side effects as tinnutus and sensitivity are observed in patients who have been using aspirin for a long time. The mechanism of bleeding in gastrointestinal tract after administration of an aspirin tablet is quite complicated. The more often occurance of bleeding and erosion after administration of an aspirin tablet, observed in gastrointestinal tract in patients, who have low pH, are attributed to the stomach HC1. Even with the analgesic doses, aspirin inhibits the platelet function in the body and extends the bleeding time (2, 3, 5).
Responses to Rapid Social Change: Populist Religion in the Philippines

Introduction Recent publications with titles such as “Christianity Re-Born: The Global Expansion of Evangelicalism in the Twentieth Century,”1 “The Next Christendom. The Coming of Global Christianity”2 and “Charismatic Christianity as a Global Culture” 3 reflect the fact that Christianity in its Evangelical and Pentecostal/Charismatic version is gaining ground worldwide. According to the World Christian Encyclopedia, these strands of Christianity accounted for 4.5 percent of all Christians in the mid-1970s and for 11.8 percent in 1995. The greatest increase in Pentecostals/Charismatics and, to a lesser extent, Evangelicals has taken place in Africa and Latin America. In Africa the percentage of Pentecostals/Charismatics rose from 4.8 percent of the population in the mid-1970s to 15.9 percent in 1995. The share of Evangelicals increased during the same period from 4.6 percent to 8.8 percent. The figures for Latin America are equally impressive: Pentecostals/ Charismatics multiplied from 4.4 percent in mid-1970 to 27.1 percent in 1995 and Evangelicals doubled from 3.4 to 7.6 percent. In Asia the success story is one of Pentecostal/Charismatic Christianity, as its share rose from 0.5 percent in the mid-1970s to 3.6 percent in 1995, while the Evangelicals remained virtually unchanged at 0.5 and 0.8 percent, respectively.4