Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mortality in a large population-based cohort of patients with drug-treated diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES This paper presents detailed cause-specific data about excess mortality among diabetic persons in Finland, by age and sex. METHODS Five-year follow-up data on the Finnish population aged 30 through 74 years were analyzed. During these 5 years, 11,215 persons with diabetes and 102,843 persons without diabetes died. The diabetic population was defined as people who were entitled to free medication for diabetes at the beginning of the follow-up period, that is, at the end of 1980. RESULTS The relative mortality of persons with drug-treated diabetes compared with nondiabetic persons was higher among women (3.4) than among men (2.4). Almost three quarters of the mortality excess was due to circulatory diseases. For most other causes of death, too, diabetic persons had higher than average mortality. The exceptions were lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and alcohol poisoning. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes is a general risk factor for untimely death and makes a significant contribution to overall national death rates, particularly for circulatory diseases. Lower than average mortality from smoking-related diseases and alcohol poisoning, however, warrant optimism about the effects of health education among diabetic persons.
Reduction of two-dimensional dilute Ising spin glasses

The recently proposed reduction method is applied to the Edwards-Anderson model on bond-diluted square lattices. In combination with a graph-theoretical matching algorithm, this allows us to calculate numerically exact ground states of large systems. Low-temperature domain-wall excitations are studied to determine the stiffness exponent y2. A value of y2 = �0.2813 is found, consistent with previous results obtained on undiluted lattices. This comparison demonstrates the validity of the reduction method for bond-diluted spin systems and provides strong support for similar studies proclaiming accurate results for stiffness exponents in dimensions d =3, … ,7.
Case report: four donors with granulocyte-specific or HLA class I antibodies implicated in a case of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

A 54-year-old female patient with a history of chronic liver disease and portal hypertension was admitted for an elective cholecystectomy. Preoperative evaluation revealed a prolonged prothrombin time of 17.4 seconds (control 12 to 15.5 seconds). Six units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) were prescribed after failure of correction of the coagulopathy with intravenous vitamin K (10 mgs). During infusion of the fifth unit of FFP, the patient became acutely dyspneic. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed marked hypoxemia (PO2 6.58 kPa) and the chest X-ray showed new diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates. The patient remained hypoxemic with unstable oxygen saturations over the following 7 days, during which time she required 60 to 100 percent oxygen administered by face mask. Intravenous methylprednisolone (200 mgs) was given for 5 days. Mechanical ventilation was not required. The lung infiltrates gradually cleared over 3 to 4 days and the patient showed clinical improvement after 1 week. Four of the donors of the implicated units of plasma were female and all had a history of pregnancy. Two donors had HLA class I antibodies and two had granulocytespecific antibodies detectable in their serum. In crossmatch studies, granulocyte-reactive antibodies from two donors bound to granulocytes from the patient, which suggested that these antibodies were clinically relevant. These clinical and serologic findings support a diagnosis of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Immunohematology 2001;17:117–121.
Cats and Toxoplasma: Implications for Public Health

Cats are popular as pets worldwide because they are easy to care for and provide companionship that enriches the lives of human beings. Little attention has been focused on their potential to contaminate the environment with zoonotic pathogens. One such pathogen, the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, rarely causes clinical manifestations in cats or immunocompetent humans; however, it can have serious adverse effects on human foetuses and immunocompromised patients. Many human infections are believed to be acquired from eating undercooked or raw meat, such as pork and lamb ( Tenter et al. Int. J. Parasitol., 30, 2000, 1217 ; Dubey et al. J. Parasitol. 91, 2005, 1082 ). However, the prevalence of T. gondii infection in human populations that do not consume meat or eat it well‐cooked suggests that the acquisition of infection from the environment, via oocysts in soil, water or on uncooked vegetables, is also important ( Rawal. Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 53, 1959, 61 ; Roghmann et al. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 60, 1999, 790 ; Chacin‐Bonilla et al. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 65, 2001, 131 ). In the past 20 years, two changes occurred that significantly increased the size of the cat population in the USA. Pet cat ownership grew from 50 million to 90 million animals, and animal welfare activists created feeding stations for abandoned and free‐roaming cats. As many cat owners allow their cats to deposit faeces outside and cats maintained in colonies always defecate outside, ample opportunity exists for T. gondii oocysts to enter the environment and be transmitted to humans. Prevention efforts should focus on educating cat owners about the importance of collecting cat faeces in litter boxes, spaying owned cats to reduce overpopulation, reducing the numbers of feral cats and promoting rigorous hand hygiene after gardening or soil contact.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, mismatch repair, and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer based on different locations.

AIM to examine the protein expression negative (PEN) of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC), Mismatch Repair (MMR), and Microsatellite Instability (MSI) status of colorectal cancer (CRC), and establish a comparison of those molecular characteristics in CRC location among Indonesian patients in Adam Malik Hospital, Pirngadi Hospital, and other hospitals within the network of Faculty of Medicine University of Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia. METHODS this prospective study was conducted from April to December 2012. Fresh tissues were obtained from colorectal tumor patients. The APC-PEN, MMR (MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, MSH6)-PEN, were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and MSI by PCR using 5 microsatellite markers (BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, D17S250), as independent variables. The tumour locations as dependent variables were divided into proximal colon (caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon); distal colon (splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid) and rectum. The comparative study were done by bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS there were 77 cases of colorectal adenocarsinoma. MMR-PEN was found in 54 of 77 (70.1%). MLH1-PEN was different between distal colon and rectal cancer (p=0.008); MSH6-PEN was different between proximal colon and rectal cancer (p= 0.020). Multivariate analysis showed: MLH1-PEN was related to cancer location (p=0.006) with OR 0.12 (95% CI 0.026-0.547). It had 0.12 times probability to be found in distal than rectum. MLH1-PEN had 10 times higher probability to be found in proximal than in distal (p=0.037). MSH6-PEN was related to the location (p=0.026) with OR 0.165 (95% CI 0.034-0.803), and had 0.165 times probability to be found in proximal than rectum; and 11 times higher probability in distal than proximal colon (p=0.043). APC-PEN was related to the location (p=0.020), with OR 6.897 (95% CI 1.359-34.995), and 6.89 times higher probability in distal than in rectum, with other variables controlled. MSI-H was found in 29 of 77 (37.7%) and MSI-L/MSS in 48 (62.3%). The proportion of MSI-H displayed a tendency to occur in proximal rather than in distal colon or rectal cancer. CONCLUSION the underlying carcinogenic pathway or molecular background differs according to the cancer locations of CRC patients in this region. MLH1-PEN was prominent in proximal colon cancer, MSH6-PEN in distal colon and rectal cancer, and APC-PEN in distal colon respectively.
AMIODARONE FOR RESUSCITATION AFTER OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST DUE TO VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

A BSTRACT Background Whether antiarrhythmic drugs improve the rate of successful resuscitation after outof-hospital cardiac arrest has not been determined in randomized clinical trials. Methods We conducted a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study of intravenous amiodarone in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Patients who had cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation (or pulseless ventricular tachycardia) and who had not been resuscitated after receiving three or more precordial shocks were randomly assigned to receive 300 mg of intravenous amiodarone (246 patients) or placebo (258 patients). Results The treatment groups had similar clinical profiles. There was no significant difference between the amiodarone and placebo groups in the mean (±SD) duration of the resuscitation attempt (42±16 and 43±16 minutes, respectively), the number of shocks delivered (4±3 and 6±5), or the proportion of patients who required additional antiarrhythmic drugs after the administration of the study drug (66 percent and 73 percent). More patients in the amiodarone group than in the placebo group had hypotension (59 percent vs. 48 percent, P=0.04) or bradycardia (41 percent vs. 25 percent, P=0.004) after receiving the study drug. Recipients of amiodarone were more likely to survive to be admitted to the hospital (44 percent, vs. 34 percent of the placebo group; P=0.03). The benefit of amiodarone was consistent among all subgroups and at all times of drug administration. The adjusted odds ratio for survival to admission to the hospital in the amiodarone group as compared with the placebo group was 1.6 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.4; P=0.02). The trial did not have sufficient statistical power to detect differences in survival to hospital discharge, which differed only slightly between the two groups. Conclusions In patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to refractory ventricular arrhythmias, treatment with amiodarone resulted in a higher rate of survival to hospital admission. Whether this benefit extends to survival to discharge from the hospital merits further investigation. (N Engl J Med 1999; 341:871-8.)
Water jet technology using at orthopaedic surgery

Subject review The paper deals with potential uses of water jet technology and its modification for cutting of bone tissue and bio-materials. It summarises the present state of the art, defines problems from the technological and surgical point of view in order to increase the quality of treated clients. The paper represents an overview and the first step towards using water jet technique in orthopaedic surgery, during dissintegration of interface between bone and femoral stem.
Intolerance to food additives – does it exist?

‘Food intolerance’ is often confused with a range of adverse symptoms which may be coincidental to ingestion of food. ‘Food intolerance’ is defined as a reaction in which symptoms must be objectively reproducible and not known to involve an immunological mechanism. A more precise term is non‐allergic food hypersensitivity, which contrasts with food allergies which are due to an immunological mechanism. Some children will experience food reactions to food additives. Reported symptoms range from urticaria/angioedema to hyperactive behaviours. While parents/carers report that over one fifth of children experience of food reaction, only 1 in 20 of these are confirmed to have a non‐allergic food hypersensitivity on testing.
Average charges for coronary artery bypass grafts and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties, 1995.

In 1995 the average charge for a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) among 1,643 patients age 30 and over was $44,820. This charge was more than twice that for 3,569 patients undergoing a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)-$20,370. The Middle Atlantic area reported the highest average charge for a CABG (18 percent above the norm) due mainly to the high charge in Pennsylvania, which was 37 percent higher than the national average. Each of the four regions west of the Mississippi River had higher than average charges for both revascularization procedures. The lowest charge for a CABG was reported in West Virginia-36 percent below the average and less than half the Pennsylvania charge Arizona, California and Illinois had the highest average PTCA charges, each 20 percent or more above that for the U.S. The lowest PTCA charge was reported in Ohio ($14,680), 28 percent lower than the U.S. average and 42 percent lower than in Arizona Hospital charges accounted for 73 percent of the total CABG charge and 77 percent of the PTCA total. Physician charges were the highest in New York and New Jersey for CABGs (each 31 percent above the average) and the lowest in Colorado (37 percent below). For PTCAs, the physicians' fees were the highest in Indiana, Connecticut and New York (between 18 and 21 percent above the norm) and lowest in Washington (25 percent below). CABG patients remained hospitalized for 8.32 days, more than twice the number of days for the PTCA (3.86 days).
Intra- and Intermolecular Band Dispersion in an Organic Crystal

The high crystallinity of many inorganic materials allows their band structures to be determined through angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Similar studies of conjugated organic molecules of interest in optoelectronics are often hampered by difficulties in growing well-ordered and well-oriented crystals or films. We have grown crystalline films of uniaxially oriented sexiphenyl molecules and obtained ARPES data. Supported by density-functional calculations, we show that, in the direction parallel to the principal molecular axis, a quasi–one-dimensional band structure of a system of well-defined finite size develops out of individual molecular orbitals. In contrast, perpendicular to the molecules, the band structure reflects the periodicity of the molecular crystal, and continuous bands with a large dispersion were observed.
A Universal Dependencies Treebank for Marathi

This paper describes the creation of a free and open-source dependency treebank for Marathi, the first open-source treebank for Marathi following the Universal Dependencies (UD) syntactic annotation scheme. In the paper, we describe some of the syntactic and morphological phenomena in the language that required special analysis, and how they fit into the UD guidelines. We also evaluate the parsing results for three popular dependency parsers on our treebank
Error-related electrocorticographic activity in humans during continuous movements

Brain–machine interface (BMI) devices make errors in decoding. Detecting these errors online from neuronal activity can improve BMI performance by modifying the decoding algorithm and by correcting the errors made. Here, we study the neuronal correlates of two different types of errors which can both be employed in BMI: (i) the execution error, due to inaccurate decoding of the subjects’ movement intention; (ii) the outcome error, due to not achieving the goal of the movement. We demonstrate that, in electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings from the surface of the human brain, strong error-related neural responses (ERNRs) for both types of errors can be observed. ERNRs were present in the low and high frequency components of the ECoG signals, with both signal components carrying partially independent information. Moreover, the observed ERNRs can be used to discriminate between error types, with high accuracy (≥83%) obtained already from single electrode signals. We found ERNRs in multiple cortical areas, including motor and somatosensory cortex. As the motor cortex is the primary target area for recording control signals for a BMI, an adaptive motor BMI utilizing these error signals may not require additional electrode implants in other brain areas.
Heroic Memory: Remembering the Details of Others' Heroism in the Aftermath of a Traumatic Public Event Can Foster Our Own Prosocial Response

Humans, while not wholly altruistic, will often come together to selflessly support and provide aid to others in need. To date, little attention has been paid to how memory for such positive events in the aftermath of a traumatic event can influence subsequent behavior. The current study examined how the way in which people represent and remember helping events immediately following the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing related to their tendency to support Boston-related charities in the following months. People who recalled helping-related events in greater detail reported engaging in more helping behaviors in the following months. The relation between memory narratives and reports of helping behavior six months later has important implications for future work investigating the role of memory-based mechanisms in citizens’ decisions to provide aid in times of collective need. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An inverted FL antenna for dual-frequency operation

An inverted FL antenna (InvFLA) is analyzed to obtain dual-frequency operation at 2.45 and 5.2 GHz (wireless LAN system frequencies). The InvFLA is composed of inverted FL elements, a parasitic element, and a ground plate, where these lie in the same plane, i.e., the structure is a card-type structure having a co-planar ground plate. The antenna height above the ground plate is very small: 5.5 mm=0.045 wavelength at 2.45 GHz. The analysis shows that the InvFLA has a 4.1% bandwidth around 2.45 GHz and a 31.8% bandwidth around 5.2 GHz, both for a VSWR=2 criterion. The gain is calculated to be 0.9 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 1.7 dBi at 5.2 GHz, with a small gain variation in each of the VSWR bands.
Antarctic temperatures over the past two centuries from ice cores

We present a reconstruction of Antarctic mean surface temperatures over the past two centuries based on water stable isotope records from high‐resolution, precisely dated ice cores. Both instrumental and reconstructed temperatures indicate large interannual to decadal scale variability, with the dominant pattern being anti‐phase anomalies between the main Antarctic continent and the Antarctic Peninsula region. Comparative analysis of the instrumental Southern Hemisphere (SH) mean temperature record and the reconstruction suggests that at longer timescales, temperatures over the Antarctic continent vary in phase with the SH mean. Our reconstruction suggests that Antarctic temperatures have increased by about 0.2°C since the late nineteenth century. The variability and the long‐term trends are strongly modulated by the SH Annular Mode in the atmospheric circulation.
Is resistance futile? How global agri-food attempts to co-opt the alternatives

Most Alternative Agri-Food Networks (AAFNs) have been developed to counter the mainstream agri-food network dominated by huge multinational corporations. They have attempted to challenge the mainstream network on grounds of sustainability, nutritional value, local control, fair trade and the like. However, they have largely ignored the capacity of the mainstream to absorb, mimic, re-package and otherwise co-opt the goals of the various AAFNs. Without an understanding of those processes, AAFNs become merely marketing tests for the next wave of mainstream food products. In this paper I examine how the mainstream is maintained and coopts approaches developed initially by AAFNs. One can distinguish five components to this approach to mainstream network management: First, the de facto Tripartite Standards Regime of standards, certifications and accreditations, designed by the major actors, governs the entire network. Conformity is enforced through systems of audit that extend from the behavior of CEOs to janitors, from farm supply companies to farmers to processors to retailers. Second, assembly line technologies initially developed in animal slaughtering but perfected by Ford a century ago have been extended to much of the agrifood chain. Hence, poultry processors and fast food restaurants now share the same technical approach to production. Third, the mainstream has created a New Taylorism, in which something akin to time and motion studies has been extended to all occupations. The professions are no longer excepted. Fourth, Big Data, made possible by advances in information technologies, now permits all of this to become real by making it possible to monitor everyone and everything in real time. Finally, the mainstream agrifood companies have developed a variety of tactics for co-opting, incorporating and subverting alternative agri-food movements. In conclusion, I argue that only by understanding these tactics can AAFNs transform the current food regime.
Human‐Carnivore Conflict and Perspectives on Carnivore Management Worldwide

Abstract: Carnivore conservation depends on the sociopolitical landscape as much as the biological landscape. Changing political attitudes and views of nature have shifted the goals of carnivore management from those based on fear and narrow economic interests to those based on a better understanding of ecosystem function and adaptive management. In parallel, aesthetic and scientific arguments against lethal control techniques are encouraging the development of nonlethal approaches to carnivore management. We anticipate greater success in modifying the manner and frequency with which the activities of humans and domestic animals intersect with those of carnivores. Success should permit carnivore populations to persist for decades despite human population growth and modification of habitat.
A case of early-onset obesity, hypocortisolism, and skin pigmentation problem due to a novel homozygous mutation in the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in an Indian boy

Abstract Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is the polypeptide precursor of several biologically active melanocortin peptides that have important roles in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis, adrenal steroidogenesis, melanocyte stimulation, and immune modulation. Mutation of the POMC gene has been associated with adrenal insufficiency, early-onset obesity, and red hair pigmentation. We describe an Indian boy with secondary hypocortisolism, hyperphagia, early-onset obesity, and skin pigmentation problem. Genetics analysis revealed a novel homozygous mutation in the POMC gene (p.Arg86Term). The boy also had central hypothyroidism in addition to the secondary hypocortisolism. Genetics analysis for the POMC gene should be considered in patients with secondary hypocortisolism, early-onset obesity, and pigmentary problems.
The Use of Quantum Cascade Lasers as Local Oscillator for Heterodyne Detection of THz Radiation

Many investigations in the fields of astronomy and earth observation use heterodyne detection of emission/absorption of far infrared (THz) radiation to monitor a variety of molecular species. For space borne observatories solid state THz sources as a local oscillator (LO) to pump SIS or HEB mixers are highly demanded. Until now, the highest frequency solid state LO, developed for the ESA Herschel Space Telescope, operates at 1.9 THz. Recently, Quantum Cascade Lasers working in the THz region have been developed. We will describe the properties of these very small sources, relevant for operation as LO, and show preliminary results pumping a HEB mixer.