Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prescription Stimulants Are “A Okay”: Applying Neutralization Theory to College Students’ Nonmedical Prescription Stimulant Use

Abstract Objective: National college health data indicate that prescription stimulants are the most widely misused prescription drugs among college students, with 9% admitting to nonmedical use within the past year.1 Although motivations for the nonmedical use of these drugs have been explored, scant attention has been paid to justifications for nonmedical use. This article fills that gap by expounding upon the justifications students incite to defend their nonmedical use of these drugs. Participants: Seventy-six college students from a large, public northwestern university. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted during the 2010–2011 academic year. Results: Inductive analysis uncovered social learning theories of crime/deviance, more specifically, Sykes and Matza's neutralization theory2 as helping to inform justifications for nonmedical stimulant use. This theory was modified to better encompass the justifications that students employed. Conclusion: Justifications for use must become a more central part of the conversation surrounding nonmedical stimulant use among the college population.
Short-Term Prospective Effects of Impulsivity on Binge Drinking: Mediation by Positive and Negative Drinking Consequences

Abstract. Objective: Although the association of impulsivity with diverse alcohol outcomes has been documented, the mechanisms by which impulsivity predicts drinking over time remain to be fully characterized. The authors examined whether positive drinking consequences, but not negative drinking consequences, mediated the association between impulsivity and subsequent binge drinking, over and above prior binge drinking. Participants: Participants were 171 college students. Methods: Participants completed 2 online surveys with an average interval of 68 days between assessments at Time 1 (September to October 2012) and Time 2 (November to December 2012). Results: Path analysis showed that, among 5 facets of impulsivity, the effect of sensation seeking on subsequent binge drinking was completely mediated by prior positive consequences. No mediating effects of negative consequences were found. Conclusions: Prior experience of positive drinking consequences may serve as one of the risk pathways by which sensation seeking shapes binge drinking over time. Personalized intervention strategies may utilize information about students’ impulsivity facets to address their binge drinking and alcohol-related consequences.
Is There a Role for Arnica and Bromelain in Prevention of Post-Procedure Ecchymosis or Edema? A Systematic Review of the Literature

BACKGROUND The management of postprocedure skin care is of significant interest to dermatologists and other physicians. Ecchymosis and edema are common temporary postprocedure unwanted effects. Two botanically-derived products, arnica and bromelain, are used internationally by physicians to limit ecchymosis and edema that occur secondary to cosmetic, laser, and surgical skin procedures. OBJECTIVE The authors review the published literature and provide evidence-based recommendations on arnica and bromelain for prevention and treatment of postprocedure ecchymosis and edema. METHODS AND MATERIALS A search of the computerized bibliographic databases Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINAHL was performed on March 23, 2015. The key terms used were “arnica,” and “bromelain. ” RESULTS This review contains clinical trials that evaluated prevention and/or treatment of postprocedure ecchymosis or edema with oral arnica (11), topical arnica (2), and oral bromelain (7). No studies on topical bromelain were found. Clinical trials on arnica and bromelain have demonstrated mixed results. Some randomized controlled trials reported improvement postprocedure with arnica (4/13) and bromelain (5/7). CONCLUSION Based upon published studies, there is insufficient data to support use of arnica and bromelain post procedure, and the authors recommend additional research to determine the efficacy and safety of arnica and bromelain to prevent and/or treat ecchymosis and edema in patients.
Review of randomised controlled trials of Internet interventions for mental disorders and related conditions

Self-help Internet interventions have the potential to enable consumers to play a central role in managing their own health. This paper contains a systematic review of 15 randomised controlled trials of the effectiveness of self-help Internet interventions for mental disorders and related conditions. Conditions addressed by the interventions included: depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, headache, eating disorder and encopresis. Most interventions were reported to be effective in reducing risk factors or improving symptoms, although many of the studies had methodological limitations. Three of the interventions that reported positive outcomes are available without charge to the public.
In college and in recovery: Reasons for joining a Collegiate Recovery Program

ABSTRACT Objective: Collegiate Recovery Programs (CRPs), a campus-based peer support model for students recovering from substance abuse problems, grew exponentially in the past decade, yet remain unexplored. Methods: This mixed-methods study examines students' reasons for CRP enrollment to guide academic institutions and referral sources. Students (N = 486) from the 29 CRPs nationwide operating in 2012 completed an online survey in 2013. Results: Students were somewhat older than traditional age (mean age = 26). Now sober for 3 years (mean), they had experienced severe dependence on multiple substances. One third reported they would not be in college were it not for a CRP, and 20% would not be at their current institution. Top reasons for joining a CRP were the need for same-age peer recovery support and wanting to “do college sober,” recognizing that college life challenges sobriety. Conclusions: CRPs appear to meet their mission of allowing recovering students to pursue educational goals in “an abstinence hostile environment. ” Findings emphasize the need for more institutions to address the support needs of students in recovery.
The Importance of Holotranscobalamin Measurement

The Importance of Holotranscobalamin Measurement Clinically significant vitamin B12 deficiency can occur even with total vitamin B12 levels apparently within normal range. There is an indeterminate zone between approximately 154 and 300 pmol/L of vitamin B12 where there is likely misclassification of B12 status if relying on total serum B12. The aim of the present study was to assess the usefulness of holotranscobalamin in diagnosis of B12 deficiency. Blood samples were collected and subjected to assays for vitamin B12 and holotranscobalamin. We examined the levels of holotranscobalamin in 32 subjects (n=32, f=18, m=14) with vitamin B12 values within interval 154-300 pmol/L. These subjects were compared with control group with vitamin B12>300 pmol/L (n=31, f=17, m=14). 25% of subjects with vitamin B12 of 154 to 300 pmol/L had low levels of holotranscobalamin. Holotranscobalamin levels of patients with vitamin B12 of 154 to 300 pmol/L were significantly lower than those of control subjects (38.55 ± 23.0 vs. 61.35 ± 31.81 pmol/L, p<0.01). The obtained results also show a positive significant relationship between levels of holotranscobalamin and vitamin B12 (r=0.53, p<0.01). In conclusion, holotranscobalamin is a better indicator of early vitamin B12 deficiency than total serum cobalamins and it is a useful tool in the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency.
Characteristics of university students who mix alcohol and energy drinks

ABSTRACT Objective: Research has identified correlates (eg, drug use, risky sex, smoking) of using alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AMEDs). Few studies have investigated common mental health-related concerns (eg, depression, sleep). Participants: Alcohol-using college students (n = 380 never used AMEDs, n = 180 used AMEDs) were recruited in the study during the fall 2011 semester. Methods: The study examined demographics, substance use, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems in association with AMED use. Results: Multivariable logistic regression indicated that alcohol use severity (AOR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.14+1.34), drug use severity (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.04–1.39), depressive symptoms (AOR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01–1.12), and smoking (AOR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.22–3.68) were independently associated with AMED use; sleep problems were non-significant. Conclusions: Administrators may consider policies regarding energy drink availability on campus, and campus health personnel may increase screening and education surrounding AMED use to reduce risks among students.
Facial Treatment Preferences Among Aesthetically Oriented Men

BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data describing male attitudes toward age-related changes to their facial features and associated preferences for prioritizing treatment. METHODS Injectable-naive but aesthetically oriented men aged 30 to 65 participated in an online study (N = 600). Respondents indicated how concerned they were by the appearance of 15 age-related facial features, and the Maximum Difference scaling system was used to explore which features were most likely to be prioritized for treatment. The correlation between the features of most concern and the areas of treatment priority was assessed. Other aspects regarding the male perspective on aesthetic procedures, such as awareness, motivating factors, and barriers, also were explored. RESULTS Crow's feet and tear troughs were rated as the most likely to be treated first (80% of first preferences) followed by forehead lines (74%), double chin (70%), and glabellar lines (60%). The areas of most concern in order were tear troughs, double chin, crow's feet, and forehead lines. There was a strong correlation between the features of most concern and the areas of treatment priority (r2 = 0.81). CONCLUSION The periorbital areas, in particular crow's feet and tear troughs, are of most concern and likely to be prioritized for treatment among aesthetically oriented men.
Bystander programs addressing sexual violence on college campuses: A systematic review and meta-analysis of program outcomes and delivery methods

ABSTRACT Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of bystander programs that address sexual violence on college campuses. Program effects on student attitudes/beliefs and bystander behavior were examined. Durability of program outcomes and the influence of program-delivery methods (e.g., facilitator-led programs vs. video, online or poster campaign programs) and program-parameters (e.g., program length) were also evaluated. Methods: Twenty-four studies met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, and 207 separate results from these studies were coded. Results: Students who participated in a bystander program, compared to those who had not, had more pro-social attitudes/beliefs about sexual violence and intervening to prevent it, and engaged in more bystander behavior. Program effects diminished over time, but meaningful changes persisted for at least three months following program delivery. Longer programs had greater effects than shorter programs on attitudes/beliefs. Conclusions: Bystander programs can be a valuable addition to colleges' violence prevention efforts.
In vivo reflectance‐mode confocal microscopy in clinical dermatology and cosmetology

In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non‐invasive imaging tool that allows real‐time visualization of cells and structures in living skin with near histological resolution. RCM has been used for the assessment of benign and malignant lesions, showing great potential for applications in basic skin research and clinical dermatology. RCM also reveals dynamic changes in the skin over time and in response to specific stimuli, like ultraviolet exposure, which makes it a promising tool in cosmetology, as it allows repetitive sampling without biopsy collection, causing no further damage to the areas under investigation. This review summarizes the latest advances in RCM, and its applications in the characterization of both normal and pathological skin.
Dihydrogen bonding: donor-acceptor bonding (AH...HX) versus the H2 molecule (A-H2-X).

Dihydrogen bonds (DHBs) play a role in, among others, crystal packing, organometallic reaction mechanisms, and potential hydrogen-storage materials. In this work we have analyzed the central H-H bond in linear H(4), LiH.HX, BH(4)(-). HX, and AlH(4)(-). HX complexes with various X by using the quantitative molecular orbital model contained in Kohn-Sham density functional theory at the BP86/TZ2P level of theory. First, we address the questions of if and how one can distinguish, in principle, between a H.H donor-acceptor DHB and the formation of an H(2) molecule by using the simple H(4) model system. The results of these analyses have been used to gain an understanding of the bonding in more realistic model systems (some of which have been studied experimentally), and how this differs from the bonding in H(4).
Reevaluating whether attention is drawn to figures

4 Target locations: • On convex (figure) & on concave (ground) • Above & below fixation If automatic should generalize to convexity Test Familiarity Hypothesis (Low Spatiotemporal Uncertainty) Explore role of familiarity & spatial & temporal uncertainty in Nelson & Palmer’s (2007) results 1) Is attention automatically drawn to familiar figures? 2) Do observers strategically attend to familiar regions when uncertain re location and timing of target?
Foreign body reaction to anorganic bovine bone and autogenous bone with platelet-rich plasma in guided bone regeneration.

BACKGROUND Guided bone regeneration is frequently performed to augment deficient alveolar ridges. Although many materials may be used for these procedures, the outcome is usually predictable. In this report, we present an unusual reaction to a frequently used commercially available xenograft material. METHODS A 36-year-old African American male was referred for restoration of edentulous space #8. Examination confirmed a ridge inadequate for implant placement without augmentation. A staged approach was chosen, with augmentation by a mixture of autogenous bone and anorganic bovine bone with platelet-rich plasma and a bioabsorbable collagen membrane. Healing was uneventful, although after 4 months, upon flap reflection, no regenerated hard tissue was found. The tissue at the site was submitted for histology, and the site was regrafted with an allograft/xenograft mixture and covered by a bioabsorbable collagen membrane. Wound healing was uneventful, and a histologic core was obtained at implant placement 5 months later. RESULTS The initial histologic specimen consisted of a fibrous connective tissue matrix supporting islands of the anorganic bovine bone. The majority of the graft material demonstrated an intimate association with multinucleated foreign body-type giant cells. The histologic core obtained at the second procedure consisted of trabeculae of viable lamellar bone and associated fibrous connective tissue without a significant inflammatory cell infiltrate. Scattered particles of anorganic bovine bone were present, but no foreign body-type giant cells were identified. CONCLUSION Failure of commonly used materials for guided bone regeneration is rare; however, different batches of materials may elicit varying immune responses in the recipient.
The presence and predictors of complicated grief symptoms in perinatally bereaved mothers from a bereavement support organization

ABSTRACT The present study investigated the presence and possible predictors of complicated grief symptoms in perinatally bereaved mothers (N = 121) up to 5 years postbereavement. The presence of complicated grief scores in the clinical range was 12.4%, which is higher than in many other bereaved populations, and the presence of other living children may protect against the development of complicated grief symptoms. The majority of the women were able to negotiate a perinatal loss without developing complicated grief; however, there remains an important group of women who up to 5 years later score in the clinical range for complicated grief symptoms.
Identificación y distribución de los murciélagos vampiros del Perú

A dichotomous key is presented to differentiate the main groups of Peruvian bats, including the three species of vampire bats: Desmodus rotundus, Diphylla ecaudata and Diaemus youngi. This information is complemented with an update of the distribution of vampire bats by political departments and ecorregions of Peru.
Human parvovirus B19 infection causing discrepant prenatal findings and outcome in monochorionic diamniotic twins

Abstract Monochorionic (MC) twins are characterized by prenatal intertwin placental anastomoses, which can lead to twin oligo-polyhydramnios sequence (TOPS) or twin anemia-polycytemia sequence (TAPS). Symptoms of both TOPS and TAPS may interfere with symptoms of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection. We describe here the course of an MC twin pregnancy with prenatal B19V infection and intrauterine death of one twin. Both the antenatal and postnatal diagnoses of B19V infection require a detailed approach including serology, DNA analysis, and specific fetopathologic investigation.
Hypothalamic Deep-Brain Stimulation: Target and Potential Mechanism for the Treatment of Cluster Headache

Recently, functional imaging data have underscored the crucial role of the hypothalamus in trigemino-autonomic headaches, a group of severe primary headaches. This prompted the application of hypothalamic deep-brain stimulation (DBS), with the intention to preventing cluster headache (CH) attacks in selected severe therapy-refractory cases. To date, a total of 50 operated intractable CH patients, one patient with short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing and three with atypical facial pain, have been reported. However, it is not apparent why the spontaneous bursts of activation in the inferior posterior hypothalamus result in excruciating head pain, whereas continuous electrical stimulation of the identical area is able to prevent these attacks. Recently, this issue has been addressed by examining 10 operated chronic CH patients, using H2 15O-positron emission tomography and alternately switching the hypothalamic stimulator on and off. The stimulation-induced activation in the ipsilateral posterior inferior hypothalamic grey (the site of the stimulator tip) as well as activation and de-activation in several cerebral structures belonging to neuronal circuits usually activated in pain transmission. These data argue against an unspecific antinociceptive effect or pure inhibition of hypothalamic activity as the mode of action of hypothalamic DBS and suggest functional modulation of the pain-processing network.
One-year survival of extremely preterm infants after active perinatal care in Sweden.

CONTEXT Up-to-date information on infant survival after extremely preterm birth is needed for assessing perinatal care services, clinical guidelines, and parental counseling. OBJECTIVE To determine the 1-year survival in all infants born before 27 gestational weeks in Sweden during 2004-2007. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Population-based prospective observational study of extremely preterm infants (707 live-born and 304 stillbirths) born to 887 mothers in 904 deliveries (102 multiple births) in all obstetric and neonatal units in Sweden from April 1, 2004, to March 31, 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Infant survival to 365 days and survival without major neonatal morbidity (intraventricular hemorrhage grade >2, retinopathy of prematurity stage >2, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Associations between perinatal interventions and survival. RESULTS The incidence of extreme prematurity was 3.3 per 1000 infants. Overall perinatal mortality was 45% (from 93% at 22 weeks to 24% at 26 weeks), with 30% stillbirths, including 6.5% intrapartum deaths. Of live-born infants, 91% were admitted to neonatal intensive care and 70% survived to 1 year of age (95% confidence interval [CI], 67%-73%). The Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26 weeks were 9.8% (95% CI, 4%-23%), 53% (95% CI, 44%-63%), 67% (95% CI, 59%-75%), 82% (95% CI, 76%-87%), and 85% (95% CI, 81%-90%), respectively. Lower risk of infant death was associated with tocolytic treatment (adjusted for gestational age odds ratio [OR], 0.43; 95% CI, 0.36-0.52), antenatal corticosteroids (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24-0.81), surfactant treatment within 2 hours after birth (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.71), and birth at a level III hospital (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32-0.75). Among 1-year survivors, 45% had no major neonatal morbidity. CONCLUSION During 2004 to 2007, 1-year survival of infants born alive at 22 to 26 weeks of gestation in Sweden was 70% and ranged from 9.8% at 22 weeks to 85% at 26 weeks.
Racial Residential Segregation and Preterm Birth: Built Environment as a Mediator

Background: Racial residential segregation has been associated with preterm birth. Few studies have examined mediating pathways, in part because, with binary outcomes, indirect effects estimated from multiplicative models generally lack causal interpretation. We develop a method to estimate additive-scale natural direct and indirect effects from logistic regression. We then evaluate whether segregation operates through poor-quality built environment to affect preterm birth. Methods: To estimate natural direct and indirect effects, we derive risk differences from logistic regression coefficients. Birth records (2000–2008) for Durham, North Carolina, were linked to neighborhood-level measures of racial isolation and a composite construct of poor-quality built environment. We decomposed the total effect of racial isolation on preterm birth into direct and indirect effects. Results: The adjusted total effect of an interquartile increase in racial isolation on preterm birth was an extra 27 preterm events per 1000 births (risk difference = 0.027 [95% confidence interval = 0.007 to 0.047]). With poor-quality built environment held at the level it would take under isolation at the 25th percentile, the direct effect of an interquartile increase in isolation was 0.022 (−0.001 to 0.042). Poor-quality built environment accounted for 35% (11% to 65%) of the total effect. Conclusion: Our methodology facilitates the estimation of additive-scale natural effects with binary outcomes. In this study, the total effect of racial segregation on preterm birth was partially mediated by poor-quality built environment.