Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperamylasemia following the trans-sphenoidal resection of pituitary tumor: can propofol-remifentanil TIVA cause postoperative hyperamylasemia? −A case report−

The trans-sphenoidal resection of a recurred pituitary tumor was performed in a 42 years old man under general anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. Neither massive bleeding nor hypotension was observed intraoperatively, but bradycardia was sustained over five hours. The patient did not suffer from hypertriglyceridemia and there was no evidence of drug toxicity or vigorous intervention during the surgery, however hyperamylasemia was observed one day after the surgery. It is presumed that vagal stimulation by propofol and remifentanil infusion might induce bradycardia and abnormal pancreatic enzyme secretion consequently. (Anesth Pain Med 2011; 6: ∼
VARIATIONS IN MICROARRAY BASED GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING: IDENTIFYING SOURCES AND IMPROVING RESULTS

Two major issues hinder the application of microarray based gene expression profiling in clinical laboratories as a diagnostic or prognostic tool. The first issue is the sheer volume and high-dimensionality of gene expression data from microarray experiments, which require advanced algorithms to extract meaningful gene expression patterns that correlate with biological impact. The second issue is the substantial amount of variation in microarray gene expression data, which impairs the performance of analysis method and makes sharing or integrating microarray data very difficult. Variations can be introduced by all possible sources including the DNA microarray technology itself and the experimental procedures. Many of these variations have not been characterized, measured, or linked to the sources. In the first part of this dissertation, a decision tree learning method was demonstrated to perform as well as more popularly accepted classification methods in partitioning cancer samples with microarray data. More importantly, results demonstrate that variation introduced into microarray data by tissue sampling and tissue handling compromised the performance of classification methods. In the second part of this dissertation, variations introduced by the T7 based in vitro transcription labeling methods were investigated in detail. Results demonstrated that individual amplification methods significantly biased gene expression data even though the methods compared in this study were all derivatives of the T7 RNA polymerase based in vitro transcription labeling approach. Variations observed can be partially explained by the number of biotinylated nucleotides used for labeling and the incubation time of the in vitro transcription experiments. These variations can generate discordant gene expression results even using the same RNA samples and cannot be corrected by post experiment analysis including advanced normalization techniques. Studies in this dissertation stress the concept that experimental and analytical methods must work together. This dissertation also emphasizes the importance of standardizing the DNA microarray technology and experimental procedures in order to optimize gene expression analysis and create quality standards compatible with the clinical application of this technology. These findings should be taken into account especially when comparing data from different platforms, and in standardizing protocols for clinical applications in pathology.
Correlation between resilience and social support and anxiety in obstetric nurses

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between psychological resilience and social support and anxiety in obstetric nurses and to provide theoretical basis for improving the mental health of obstetric nurses. Methods In this study, 190 obstetric nurses were included, using the general information questionnaire and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Social Support Rating Scale, and survey of Self-evaluation of Anxiety Scale. Results There are differences in the type of work and the score of psychological resilience (P<0.05), obstetric nurses’ resilience score was 65.58±10.65; self-rating anxiety score of obstetric nurses was 36.89±6.87; and social support score of obstetric nurses was 44.37±7.86. The psychological elasticity score and anxiety were negatively related (P<0.01), whereas the resilience score and total score of social support were positively related (P<0.01). Conclusions Obstetric nurses have many responsibilities and stress. Nursing managers should focus on obstetric nurses’ mental health, lighten the obstetric nurses’ anxiety, and thus improve their mental flexibility and optimize the quality of nursing service better, with more passion into work.
Multistate Markov model for predicting the natural
disease progression of type 2 diabetes based on
hemoglobin A1c

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a common non-communicable disease, especially in developing countries like India, posing a huge economic burden on the family and nation as a whole. It is a chronic metabolic disorder in which prevalence has been increasing steadily all over the world. In studies of many chronic medical conditions, the health status of a patient may be characterized using a finite number of disease states. The multi-state Markov model is a useful way to describe states of a disease over time. In this research article, we have illustrated the usefulness of multistate Markov models in the analysis of follow-up of diabetes. The valuable information provided by the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test has rendered it as a reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes. Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to assess the importance and significance of HbA1c as a useful disease marker for type 2 diabetes by using a three-state Markov model. Patients and Methods: A total of 246 type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study. These patients are classified in different states on the basis of their available baseline value of HbA1c. HbA1c repeated after every 1 year for consecutive four years. Based on ranges of HbA1c, three transient states (4 ≤ HbA1C ≤ 5.6, 5.7 ≤ HbA1C ≤ 6.4 and HbA1C ≥ 6.5%) have been defined. Additionally, transition intensities, transition probabilities, mean sojourn time in each state and also expected state specific survival time have been assessed. All the statistical analysis has been performed using the msm package in R software. Results: The mean age of patients at diagnosis was 26.12 years (SD=7.60), ranging from 10 to 49 years. The estimates of transition intensities reveal that a patient in state 1 is 16.4 (0.82/0.05) times more likely to move to state 2 than to move to diabetic state. Similarly, a patient in pre-diabetic is 7.5 (2.34/0.31) times more likely to move to diabetic state as compared to normal state. Additionally, once a patient is in a diabetic state there is 79% chances of remaining in a diabetic state as compared to 4% and 17% of moving to normal or pre-diabetic state, this implies that a patient who once in the diabetic state is difficult to move to a normal or pre-diabetic state. Conclusion: The estimated total length of time spent in each state is forecasted to be four months in normal state, five months in pre-diabetic state and 39 months in diabetic state. Hence, it has been concluded that, once the patient enters the diabetic state (HbA1c>6.4), the chances of getting back to normal or pre-diabetic state are very small.
The Relationship Between Quality of Life and Cardiovascular Self-Efficacy in Patients with Heart Failure: A Descriptive Correlation Study

Background: Cardiac insufficiency is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world and affects quality of life more than other chronic diseases. Cardiac self-efficacy can be considered for improving the quality of life of patients with this disease. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between quality of life and cardiac self-efficacy in patients with heart failure. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was performed on 227 patients with heart failure who referred to the cardiac clinics of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences affiliated hospitals, Iran, 2016-17. Sampling was done in a simple random way. The data gathering tool was comprised of three parts: demographic data questionnaire, Sullivan cardiac self-efficacy questionnaire, and Quality of Life questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean score of self-efficacy was 58.45 ± 25.92 and the mean score of satisfaction and importance of quality of life was 69.73 ± 18.72 and 82.76 ± 15.46, respectively. The results of this study showed that the importance of quality of life and satisfaction with quality of life are related to cardiac self-efficacy (P < 0.001). Pearson correlation coefficients showed a direct correlation between the scores of quality of life dimensions and the score of cardiac self-efficacy (in all cases, P < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a positive and significant relationship between quality of life and cardiovascular self-efficacy in patients with heart failure.
Myasthenia gravis hos hund

Myasthenia gravis ar en sjukdom som drabbar den neuromuskulara overforingen. Den forekommer i tva former: kongenital (medfodd) och forvarvad. Kongenital myasthenia gravis beror pa en defekt i acetylkolinreceptorn (AChR), som orsakas av olika mutationer. Forvarvad myasthenia gravis ar en immun-medierad sjukdom, dar autoantikroppar bildas mot AChR eller andra proteiner i neuromuskulara ”junctions”. Sjukdomen resulterar i muskelsvaghet och muskeltrotthet. Myasthenia gravis kan drabba bade manniskor och andra djurslag. Hos hund rapporterades det forsta fallet av forvarvad myasthenia gravis ar 1961. Denna litteraturstudie inriktar sig pa att besvara fragestallningen kring vad som orsakar myasthenia gravis hos hund och de bakomliggande immunologiska mekanismerna, samt hur prognos och behandling ser ut idag vid forvarvad myasthenia gravis. Den kongenitala formen av myasthenia gravis framtrader vid 6–12 veckors alder och forekommer mer frekvent hos vissa hundraser, exempelvis jack russell terrier och springer spaniel. Sjukdomen orsakas av olika genmutationer vilket leder till defekta AChR. Den vanligaste formen av myasthenia gravis ar den forvarvade som ar en autoimmun sjukdom. Autoantikroppar bildas i tymus och riktar sig mot olika proteinstrukturer i neuromuskulara ”junctions”. AChR ar den vanligaste och mest studerade proteinstrukturen som det bildas autoantikroppar mot. Autoantikroppar kan paverka AChR pa tre satt: genom att oka degenerationen av receptorerna, blockera inbindning till receptorn och/eller genom att trigga en komplement-medierad skada via den klassiska vagen. Det finns manga teorier om vad som initierar och bibehaller det autoimmuna tillstandet. Det har bland annat rapporterats att T-regulatoriska celler forlorar en del av sin suppressiva formaga och att T-hjalpar typ 17 celler overuttrycker IL-17 vilket leder till att den inflammatoriska processen bibehalls. Hos bade manniska och hund finns en tydlig koppling mellan forandringar i tymus och myasthenia gravis. Mekanismen bakom forandringen ar inte klarlagd och anses ha ett komplext ursprung. Det finns nagra troliga teorier: en generell dysfunktion i immunsystemet som resulterar i en forlust av sjalvtolerans, antikroppsbildning mot neurofilamenten hos myoida celler och/eller molekylar-mimicry. Hos hyperplastisk tymus eller tymom associerad med human myasthenia gravis har det upptackts strukturella och molekylara forandringar. Det uppkommer ektopiska germinalcentra och nya karl, inklusive hog endotel venoler. Det kan vara svart att diagnosticera myasthenia gravis pa grund av att sjukdomen kommer i manga olika former, drabbar olika aldrar och ger olika symtom. Det finns inga specifika tester och manga differentialdiagnoser att ta hansyn till. Mer forskning kring behandling av hundar med forvarvad myasthenia gravis behovs for att kunna ge hundar en optimal behandling och oka overlevnadsgraden.
Causes of diabetic ketoacidosis in children with long-term type 1 diabetes

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complex disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism as well as water-electrolyte and acid-base balance due to sudden and profound insulin deficiency. It is one of the most dangerous complications of diabetes type 1 (T1D). Aim of the study: The study aimed to analyse the causes of DKA in patients chronically ill with T1D. Material and methods: Records from all 41 hospitalisations (34 patients: 21 females, 13 male; seven hospitalised twice) at the Clinic of Paediatrics, Diabetology, and Endocrinology of the University Clinical Centre in Gdansk in the years 2015–2017 were retrospectively analysed. The average age of the patients was 14 8/12 ±3 years. Results: The average duration of diabetes was seven years. In 78% of cases patients were treated with multiple daily dose injections, others with insulin pump. In 44% of cases mild ketoacidosis with pH above 7.2, in 12% moderate, in 34% severe, and in 10% ketoacidosis with pH below 7.0 was diagnosed. Average duration of fluid and intravenous insulin therapy was 30 hours. The most common reasons for ketoacidosis were: self-control errors (98%), omission of insulin doses (78%), and infections (37%). Among patients treated with insulin pump 22% indicated pump failure. In the studied group 34% of patients had psychological disorders; half of them were treated by psychiatrists. In the studied group the average HbA1c level was 11.25 ±2.7%. Previous HbA1c levels were 10.3%, which confirms chronically inappropriate metabolic control in the analysed group. Most of the patients regularly visited a diabetes outpatient clinic, 27% irregularly, and 5% did not apply for control visit during the previous years. Conclusions: Self-control errors leading to chronic hyperglycaemias, irregular visits to a diabetology outpatient clinic, and breaks in insulin therapy were the most common causes of ketoacidosis in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes. Most of the patients were teenagers a few years after diagnosis of diabetes with coincidence of psychological and psychiatric disorders.
Recording of Electrooculography in Epileptic Patients with Sodium Valproate treatment

Aim: Valproate Sodium is a medication used to treat symptoms of epileptic patients. This drug is having certain side effects on visual system. The purpose of this research is to check the visual system, mainly retina of these patients using electrooculography (EOG). Method: Thirty epileptic patients prescribed for sodium valproate treatment were selected for the purpose of present study. EOG was recorded in total population. Arden index (AI) was measured in patients group. Same procedure was repeated for the normal group. The results obtained in two groups were compared to check for statistically difference in two groups. Results: The two group’s i. e. case and control were matched demographically from age, sex and visual acuity point of view. The AI was 2.26 ± 0.62 and 2.18 ± 0.59 in case and control groups respectively. The difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: From the results of present study it can be concluded that valproate sodium affect the retinal pigment epithelium layer of retina which can be proved by electrooculography
Nutritional and anti-nutritional contents of alternative plant feed ingredients for fish feed formulation

The present study evaluates the importance of plant materials as alternative feed ingredients for fish feed preparation. Commonly available plant materials i.e., sweet potato leaf meal, banana leaf meal, soybean leaf meal, salvinia leaf meal, papaw leaf meal, gliricidia leaf meal, habarala leaf meal and jack seed powder were subjected to proximate analysis and mineral analysis. Anti-nutrients such as saponin, phytic acid, cyanide and tannin were also analyzed. The crude protein content of the ingredients was ranged from 9.66 to 29.32 g/ 100 g and the crude lipid contents were recorded as 0.8 to 11.6 g/100 g. Crude fiber contents were between 2.2 and 53.05 g/100 g and ash contents ranged from 5.21 to 19.24 g/100 g. The ingredients had trace amounts of Na, K and P which ranged between 0.49 to 2.71 g/100 g. All the tested ingredients contained saponin (0.79 to 5.58 g/100 g), phytic acid (0.07 to 0.81 g/100 g), cyanide (10.82 to 24.17 mg/100 g) and tannin (2.19 to 9.04 g/100 g). The present study revealed that above ingredients contained nutrients in appreciable amounts and anti- nutrients in low levels and could be used for fish feed preparation. Further studies are needed to find the effect of those ingredients on fish growth.
An ontogenetic series and population histology of the ceratopsid dinosaur Einiosaurus procurvicornis

Histologic studies have been utilized in paleontology to determine rates of growth for several dinosaur taxa, but members of the otherwise relatively well-known family Ceratopsidae have largely been excluded. A monodominant bonebed containing remains of the centrosaurine ceratopsid Einiosaurus procurvicornis Sampson 1995, ranging from juveniles to putative adults, has been found in the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of northwestern Montana. This bonebed represents a drought-induced assemblage, and is hypothesized to represent a single population. The full available range of sizes of tibiae (N = 16) were sectioned and bone histology examined. Tissue types and degrees of remodeling are discussed, and growth lines are used to determine ages at time of death of the individuals. The rate of growth for Einiosaurus peaks at about 3-5 years of age, at which time growth slows, suggesting that this may be the age that reproductive maturity is reached. The nature of the bone tissue suggests that growth in Einiosaurus is still relatively rapid in even the largest specimens, indicating that a fully adult tibia has not been recovered from the studied bonebed, and this bonebed is biased toward juveniles and subadults. Since the bonebed is a snapshot of a standing herd, population dynamics of Einiosaurus, such as survivorship and behavior, are assessed. This information on growth dynamics and life histories of a species has implications for future taxonomic resolution and morphometric studies of ceratopsid dinosaurs, and marks the first study on population histology of a large-bodied herbivorous dinosaur.
Effective Lifestyles for a Healthy Life above Forty Years

Life is a process of observing, experiencing and performing the characteristics of life which include; feeding/nutrition, growth, excretion, irritability, movement, respiration, reproduction and ultimately, death. It is easier to explain the act of living than to explain life itself. We experience the characteristics of life on daily basis except one (Death) which we experience once in a life time. Funny as it may, but obvious, people are scared of death and often times, do not want/pray to experience it. However, death is part of the events that define life; hence, all living organisms die in order to complete their life journey. Health is a state of general mental, physical, psychological, social and economic wellbeing of an individual. Therefore, health of an individual is measured by the quality of life he/she lives and how useful the individual is to the society.
Hydration status of portuguese elderly: results from the Nutrition UP 65 Study

Objective: To evaluate the 24 hours hydration status (EH) in a sample of Portuguese elderly and quantify the association between EH and sociodemographic factors. Participants and Methods: This study is part of the Nutrition UP 65, a crosssectional observational study, which includes a sample of 1500 Portuguese elderly aged 65 or older, representative at age, sex, education level and regional area. Data collection was performed between December 2015 and June 2016. Sociodemographic information was collected by interview. Volume, osmolality and creatinine were measured by one 24 hour urinary collection. Of the 1500 participants, 1318 were eligible for the present analysis. Free Water Reserve (FWR) was calculated, which allowed to classify the participants according to EH as euhydrated or hypohydrated/at risk of hypohydration. Results: The majority of the participants were classified as euhydrated (83.7%). The prevalence of hypohydration/risk of hypohydration was higher in males (23.6% vs.10.9% in females, p <0.001). The mean (± standard deviation) of FWR was 571.8 ml/day (± 490.6) in women and 412.1 ml/day (± 510.0) in men (p = 0.127). Higher prevalence of hypohydration/risk of hypohydration was observed in women with 5 to 11 years of schooling and in the ones that collected the urine sample in spring/summer and in men married/in common-law marriage. Conclusions: About one in four men and one in ten women were classified as hypohydrated or at risk of hypohydration. Preventive measures to increase water intake in this age range must be considered.
Untersuchungen zur Rolle von Mastzellen bei chronischen entzündlichen und reparativen Prozessen im Gastrointestinaltrakt von Katzen mit Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The aim of this study was to investigate the horizontal and vertical distribution of mast cells in the tunica mucosa and tela submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract based on their protease content and their histochemical properties in healthy controls and cats with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). For this investigation formalin fixed and paraffin embedded full-thickness biopsies of the gastrointestinal tract of 24 cats with IBD and 11 healthy cats were used. Mast cells were phenotyped and quantified based on their heparin, chymase or tryptase content. Regarding all IBD cases higher counts of mast cells with chymase (MCC) especially in the inflamed intestinal regions were found, whereas in unaffected areas increased numbers of mast cells bearing tryptase (MCT) were detected. Variable distribution pattern of different mast cell subtypes were also determined in distinct IBD forms. In cats with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis or enterocolitis (LPE/LPEC) more MCT and more MCC were identified than in controls. They were mainly located in the inflamed intestinal areas. Whereas in cats with eosinophilic gastroenterocolitis or enterocolitis (EGEC/EEC) the highest quantity of MCC in comparison to all the other IBD forms was found, only rare numbers of MCT could be detected. In contrast to investigations of other feline tissues no double-labelled chymase and tryptase bearing mast cells (MCCT) could be found in the intestines with the conducted staining method. Furthermore, in the stomach a demonstration of mast cells bearing chymase or tryptase was not possible. In fibrotic conditions a decrease of MCC and mast cells containing heparin was detected in effected regions, while MCT increased in all areas. The increase of MCT in unaffected areas was higher than in fibrotic regions. The results of this study indicate a pivotal influence of the micro milieu on the expression of distinct mast cell subtypes. MCC seems to be expressed under T-helper-cell type 2 (TH2) conditions, especially in EGEC/EEC, whereas the expression of MCT is more likely depended on a T-helper-cell type 1 (TH1) cytokine spectrum, e.g. in LPE/LPEC. In fibrotic conditions mast cells maybe are pivotal for the containment of the inflammatory process because of their antiinflammatory properties. The discovery of a special distribution pattern of mast cells in the mucosal respectively submucosal layer potentially represents a tissue dependent variability of their function. Either they might express special surface receptors, which induce a selective proliferation of one subtype or there might be different cytokine milieus in the intestinal layers, which maybe influence the expression of the mast cell proteases. The results of this study suggest that mast cells can change their protease and mediator content dependent on the cytokine milieu of different tissues. The results of this study confirm the essential role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of feline IBD.