Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Behavioral Studies of Vulnerability to Drug Abuse. Proceedings of a meeting. August 2-3, 1994.

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT This monograph is based on the papers from a technical review " Laboratory Behavioral Studies of Vulnerability to Drug Abuse " held on August 2-3, 1994. The review meeting was sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published material as noted in the text. Further reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder's permission is required. All other material in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. Opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official policy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein.
Adolescent Brain Development and Animal Models

Abstract: Research examining brain development during adolescence is escalating rapidly along multiple dimensions, as illustrated by the remarkable diversity of trans‐disciplinary work shown in this symposium. Ontogenetic transitions characteristics of adolescence are common among mammalian species. Although no other species demonstrates the full complexity of brain and behavioral function seen in human adolescents, adolescence appears to be a highly conserved developmental stage, its characteristics sculpted to meet common evolutionary pressures that include the avoidance of inbreeding at this time of sexual emergence. Numerous similarities are found between human adolescents and adolescents of other species in terms of developmental history and genetic constraints, as well as neurobehavioral and physiological characteristics. These similarities provide face and construct validity to support use of animal models as tools for the study of adolescence and the unique opportunities and vulnerabilities afforded by this developmental transition.
Régulation directe par les protéines G hétérotrimériques des canaux calciques neuronaux activés par le potentiel électrique de membrane

Les canaux calciques neuronaux actives par le potentiel electrique de membrane (VGCCs) representent une des voies majeures d'entree du calcium dans la cellule nerveuse, ou ils participent activement aux processus moleculaires de la transmission synaptique. De ce fait, leur activite est finement regulee, afin de garantir une parfaite coordination entre le flux calcique et les processus cellulaires qui lui sont associes. Aussi, les recepteurs couples aux proteines G heterotrimeriques (RCPGs) occupent un role central dans le retrocontrole negatif de l'activite des VGCCs suite a la liberation de neuromediateurs. Cette regulation, directe et spatialement delimitee, est conduite par le dimere Gβγ, dont la fixation sur differents determinants structuraux de la sous-unite Cav2.x conduit a l'inhibition drastique du courant calcique (regulation "ON"), independamment de la presence d'une sous-unite β. Le decrochage du dimere Gβγ, en reponse a l'activation du canal, reverse cette inhibition, et induit un ensemble de modifications phenotypiques apparentes de l'activite du canal (regulation "OFF"). Aussi, nous avons mis en evidence que la notion de "reluctance", decrite par le shift depolarisant de la courbe d'activation du canal, communement accepte comme un caractere de la regulation "ON", ne traduit en definitive qu'une caracteristique particuliere de la regulation "OFF". En revanche, la fixation du dimere Gβγ sur la sous-unite Cav2.x, est a l'origine d'un ralentissement de la cinetique d'inactivation du canal, et represente un caractere nouveau de la regulation "ON". Enfin, nous avons caracterise l'implication majeure de l'inactivation rapide du canal, dans le caractere "OFF" de cette regulation. L'inactivation se presente comme un catalyseur du decrochage du dimere Gβγ, et delimite une fenetre temporelle durant laquelle le processus peut avoir lieu. Ensemble, ces resultats permettent une meilleure comprehension des mecanismes moleculaires a la base de la regulation directe de l'activite synaptique par les recepteurs couples aux proteines G heterotrimeriques.
SUKUK : TEORI DAN IMPLEMENTASI

Abstrak Sukuk is one of the most innovative products in the development of contemporary Islamic financial system. Sukuk growth of 84% per year when analyzed in the 2001 until 2007. Discussion of sukuk increasingly attracted the attention of academics and professional practitioners. Thus, the discussion paper will discuss in more depth theoretically about sukuk and implementation. The discussion on the definition of sukuk in etymology and terminology, history of the development of sukuk, Islamic legal basis of the sukuk, sukuk investment types, the development potential of sukuk in Indonesia, mechanism of profit sharing investment securities, as well as the difference between Sukuk and Bonds. Keywords: Investments, sukuk, bonds, and Islamic finance.
Interpolating Wavelets and Adaptive Finite Difference Schemes for Solving Maxwell's Equations: The Effects of Gridding

In this paper, we discuss the use of the sparse point representation (SPR) methodology for adaptive finite-difference simulations in computational electromagnetics. The principle of the SPR method is to represent the solution only through those point values indicated by the significant wavelet coefficients, which are used as local regularity indicators. Recently, two kinds of SPR schemes have been considered for solving Maxwell's equations: 1) staggered grids in the time-space domain are used for the discretization of the magnetic and electrical fields, as in the finite-differences time-domain (FDTD) scheme and 2) nonstaggered grids are used in combination with Runge-Kutta ODE solvers. In both cases, 1-D simulations of the SPR method leads to sparse grids that adapt in space to the local smoothness of the fields, and, at the same time, track the evolution of the fields over time with substantial gain in memory and computational speed. However, in the latter case, we found spurious oscillations in the simulations. Therefore, before extending the implementation of the SPR method to higher dimensions, we wanted to evaluate which of these two SPR strategies is more convenient. After a careful theoretical analysis of stability and numerical dispersion comparing the schemes in staggered and nonstaggered grids, we conclude that schemes for staggered grids seem to be preferable from the dispersion viewpoint, especially for low-order schemes and coarse grids. However, by adapting the grid density and increasing the order, SPR schemes for nonstaggered grids also show good performance. In our experiments, no spurious oscillations were detected. We observed that, for a given accuracy, the adaptive scheme on a nonstaggered grid requires less computational effort. Since the use of nonstaggered grids increases the stability range and facilitates the implementation of adaptive strategies, we believe that the SPR method in nonstaggered grids has a very good potential for computational electromagnetics
Sistema endokannabinoidearen funtzio periferikoak

Kannabinoideen ezagupena izugarri handitu da azken urteetan. Animaliaereduetan eta in vitro sistemetan egindako ikerketek argi utzi dute sistema kannabinoidea neuromodulatzaile garrantzitsuenetakoa dela, izan ere, 1 motako kannabinoide-hartzailea (CB1) G proteinei loturiko hartzailerik ugariena da nerbio-sistema zentralean. Hala ere, ezin daiteke ahaztu nerbio-sistema zentralaz gain beste ehun periferikoetan sistema kannabinoidearen eragina.
Increased Efficiency of Silicon Light-Emitting Device in Standard Si-CMOS Technology

Light emission has been observed from silicon devices in the reverse avalanche mode. Compared with Si-diode light-emitting device (LED) (a two-terminal device), Si-pMOSFET LED (a three-terminal device) in which the optical emission power emitted from the device is controlled by the insulated-gate terminal's voltage Vg has been discussed. Being similar to Si-diode LED, Si-pMOSFET LED can also be monolithically integrated into optical-electro integrated circuit that is fully compatible with the silicon CMOS process technology. Light emission efficiency enhancement observed at lower electric driving power in the Si-pMOSFET LED is presented, and the reverse-biased junction configuration of the silicon LED emit light in a broad spectrum from 450 to 800 nm with characteristic peaks around ~650 nm.
βhCG and PAPP-A in First Trimester: Predictive Factors for Preeclampsia?

Objective. The aim of our study was to investigate a possible correlation between the expression of the placenta-secreted hormones, β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (βhCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), during the first trimester screening and the development of preeclampsia. Methods. A total of 155 patients between 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation were enrolled in this study. PAPP-A and βhCG levels were measured using the KRYPTOR® system. Results. The serum levels of βhCG were significantly higher in pregnancies which subsequently developed preeclampsia. The PAPP-A concentration did not differ significantly in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia than in uncomplicated pregnancies. Conclusion. These results might contribute to developing new tests in the prediction of preeclampsia.
Evaluation of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in benign and malignant ovarian masses.

PURPOSE To evaluate serum ICAM-1 levels preoperatively in patients with ovarian masses. METHODS Estimation by ELISA assay in 101 women with pelvic tumours and 16 healthy controls was performed. Correlations of sICAM-1 levels with CA-125, Tumour Volume Index, morphological score and pathological findings were studied. RESULTS Fifty-one ovarian tumours were malignant, five were borderline and 45 benign. Mean levels of sICAM-1 were respectively, 311.1 +/- 182.9 ng/ml, 172.6 +/- 40.1 ng/ml, 241.8 +/- 74.1 ng/ml and 195.6 +/- 68.7 ng/ml for controls. The area under ROC curve for sICAM-1 was 0.72 (95% CI 0.58-0.82), the cut-off 250 ng/ml, corresponding to 81.3% sensitivity and 52.9% specificity. Serum ICAM-1 correlated with morphological score (r = 0.51, p < 0.001), but not with FIGO stage, tumour grade, Tumour Volume Index and CA-125. CONCLUSION sICAM-1 concentrations are higher in patients with malignant tumours, but poorly correlate with clinical status. The clinical use alone in ovarian malignancy detection and tumour differentiation seems to have limited application. Combinations of CA-125 and sICAM-1 could improve the test characteristics.
Sex differences of odontometrical indexes crowns of molars

Modern reconstructive methods of dentistry (stopping, restoration, and prosthetics with different types of orthopedic constructions) require detailed examination of the anatomical structure of the teeth crowns, especially examination of the knowledge about the relief of masticatory surface. That is why, we conducted a detailed examination of the features of odontoglyphics of molars, according to the sex and determination the odontometrical teeth indices of the citizens of Ternopil region. To achieve the goals, we use the following research methods, such as odontological, odontometrical, and statistical. According to the odontometrical indices of the sizes of the crowns of the molars, women’s processes of reduction are reflected more than men’s. Sex differences of the crown sizes are specially defined on the second upper and second lower molars. In the result of the conducted researches, it was found and theoretically confirmed racial identity of Ternopil and Ternopil region citizens, and it was given the characteristics of the differences of odontometrical indices of molar crowns of males and females. The lore of these characteristics plays a great role in the clinic of prosthetic dentistry.
Influence of Leadership Styles on Employees' Commitment to Service Quality

Leadership style plays an important role in influencing the employees of any organization and this research study is focused on three star hotel employees in Tamilnadu. The study was made with conceptual model famed by Ronald clark (2009). The study has the following objectives: to analyze the impact of participative and empowering styles of leadership qualities on frontline ECSQ; to assess the relationship among employees’ attributes and to analyze the mediating role of participative and empowering leadership styles on MCSQ and the employees’ role clarity; to assess the mediating role of participative and empowering leadership styles on commitment to service quality by management and the employees’ shared customer oriented values and to access the mediating role of participative and empowering leadership styles on MCSQ and the employees’ job satisfaction. Based on the objectives fourteen hypotheses have been framed to test the significance of the influence of the leadership styles with employees’ job satisfaction, role clarity and shared customer oriented values. Two sets of questionnaires based on standard scales were used in the study, one for managers of the hotels and other for the front line employees of the hotel. Boot strapping was performed to obtain the statistical significance of path coefficients using a t-test. The indirect and total effects were measured using Smart PLS. Sobels`s test was performed for mediation analysis. The findings of the research are (i) participative leadership style is found to be the more suitable style of leadership for Hotel managers since it has significant influence of employees attributes of satisfaction in job, clarity in role shared values. Besides the other findings are also presented.
Global transcriptome and sequenome analysis of formalin‐fixed salivary epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma specimens

Diverse microarray and sequencing technologies have been widely used to characterize molecular changes in malignant epithelial cells in salivary neoplasms. Such gene expression studies to identify markers and targets in tumor cells are, however, compromised by the cellular heterogeneity of these tumors and by the difficulties to accrue matching controls representing normal salivary glands. Seventeen samples of primary salivary epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma along with tissue from six normal major salivary glands were microdissected from paraffin‐embedded tissue. Pools of RNA from highly enriched preparations of these cell types were subjected to expression profiling using a whole‐transcriptome shotgun sequencing experiment. In parallel, extracted genomic DNA was used for the 50 gene hotspot panel sequenome. KRAS mutations in three patients (18%), NRAS mutations in one patient (6%), but no HRAS, MET, PIK3CA, or BRAF mutations. Using strict and conservative criteria, 220 differentially expressed transcripts were found, with 36% up‐ and 64% downregulated. The transcripts were annotated using NCBI Entrez Gene, and computationally analyzed with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis program. From these significantly changed expressions, the analysis identified 26 cancer‐related transcripts and 16 transcripts related to mitochondrial dysfunction overlapping with three cancer‐related genes. These 220 differentially expressed genes including microRNAs provide here a sufficiently large set to specifically define epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma and to identify novel and potentially important targets for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of this cancer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organisational ambidexterity and firm performance: burning research questions for marketing scholars

ABSTRACT Organisational ambidexterity is an important topic in management research having grown meteorically over the past 17 years. Yet, very few studies in marketing examine organisational ambidexterity. Where studies do exist, seldom do they do justice to its theoretical richness and complexity. This complexity is a significant hurdle for scholars and managers alike, but theory and practice on organisational ambidexterity can benefit substantively from the input of scholars outside the realm of management. This paper provides scholars and managers with a detailed analyses, documentary and corpus of reference material documenting the development, definition, theoretical assumptions and conceptual treatment, measurement and empirical findings to do with organisational ambidexterity. Drawing on this detailed analysis, the paper identifies the burning research questions marketing scholars should give urgent attention to advance theory and practice on organisational ambidexterity.
ECG Denoising by Sparse Wavelet Shrinkage

Noise removal of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal has always been a subject of great study. A novel sparse wavelet shrinkage method is proposed based on maximum likelihood estimation for ECG signal corrupted with Gaussian noise. The method utilizes the prior information on the probability density of the data. The features and shrinkage parameters are estimated directly from the data. Noisy ECG signal collected from clinic recording is processed using the method. The results show that on contrast with traditional methods, the novel wavelet shrinkage method can achieve the optimal denoising of the ECG signal.
The widespread occurrence of tRNA‐derived fragments in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Short RNAs derived from the cleavage of tRNA molecules are observed in most organisms. Their occurrence seems to be induced by stress conditions, but still little is known about their biogenesis and functions. We find that the recovery of tRNA fragments depends on the RNA isolation method. Using an optimized RNA extraction protocol and northern blot hybridization technique, we show that the tRNA‐derived fragments in yeast are widespread in 12 different growth conditions. We did not observe significant stress‐dependent changes in the amounts of tRNA fragments pool. Instead, we show the differential processing of almost all individual tRNAs. We also provide evidence that 3′‐part‐derived tRNA fragments are as abundant as the 5′‐ one in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The resulting set of S. cerevisiae tRNA fragments provides a robust basis for further experimental studies on biological functions of tRFs.
Potassium Channel Allele Modulates Chronic Pain Experience

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a complex disorder that often causes physical and psychological symptoms. While acute pain promotes healing of damaged tissue, chronic pain is caused by long-term maladaptive changes that result in hyperexcitability of pain-signaling neurons. Potassium channels have recently been implicated in pain syndromes because they largely determine the characteristics for cell activation. The gene KCNS1 encodes for a potassium channel alpha subunit, and a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in this gene was recently correlated with more severe chronic neuropathic pain. Therefore, this study explores the effects of this KCNS1 SNP on the symptomology of chronic musculoskeletal pain and response to treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or an educational control condition (EDU). The sample included 201 participants with chronic musculoskeletal pain who provided saliva samples from which their DNA was extracted, amplified, and sequenced to determine each participant’s KCNS1 genotype. Participants answered questionnaires measuring physical pain symptoms and psychological suffering at baseline and again following three months of treatment. At baseline, those homozygous for the Val mutation were found to have reduced catastrophizing, lower total pain experience, and greater mental functioning compared to their Val/Ile and Ile/Ile counterparts. Interestingly, all participants improved to the same level of physical and psychological functioning after both treatments regardless of genotype, with greater improvements seen in CBT compared to EDU for all genotypes. Additionally, Ile/Ile individuals tended to improve more in psychological domains, whereas Val/Ile individuals improved more physically. This suggests that KCNS1 genotypic variation can alter the symptomology of chronic musculoskeletal pain and that CBT is an effective chronic pain treatment regardless of KCNS1 genotype. KCNS1 MODULATES CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN 3
Évaluation et validation de l'intérêt des règles d'association

Resume. La recherche de regles d'association interessantes est un theme privilegie de l'extraction des connaissances a partir des donnees. Les algorithmes du type Apriori fondes sur le support et la con ance des regles ont apporte une solution elegante au probleme de l'extraction de regles, mais ils produisent une trop grande masse de regles, selectionnant certaines regles sans interet et ignorant des regles interessantes. Il faut disposer d'autre mesures venant completer le support et la con ance. Dans cet article, nous passons en revue les principales mesures proposees dans la litterature et nous proposons des criteres pour les evaluer. Nous suggerons ensuite une methode de validation qui utilise les outils de la theorie de l'apprentissage statistique, notamment la VC-dimension. Face au grand nombre de mesures et a la multitude de regles candidates, l'interet de ces outils est de permettre la construction de bornes uniformes non asymptotiques pour toutes les regles et toutes les mesures simultanement.
Immunohistochemical Characterization of Multinucleated Giant Cells in the Brain of a Japanese AIDS Patient

In an autopsy case of a 35 year old Japanese hemophiliac with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), many multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) were observed throughout the central nervous system. Immunohistochemically, MGCs possessed surface and cytoplasmic macrophage antigens expressed in the late stage of differentiation indicating them to be macrophages in the terminal stage of differentiation. Fine nuclear extensions connecting one nucleus (or lobe) to another were often observed in the MGCs. This feature was interpreted as multilobulation and considered to be a morphological characteristic of MGCs in AIDS encephalopathy. Similarity between MGCs in AIDS encephalopathy and highly lobulated lymphocytes in adult T cell leukemia is discussed.