Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Emotion Recognition System

This paper discusses the application of feature extraction of facial expressions with combination of neural network for the recognition of different facial emotions (happy, sad, angry, fear, surprised, neutral etc.). Humans are capable of producing thousands of facial actions during communication that vary in complexity, intensity, and meaning. This paper analyses the limitations with existing system Emotion recognition using brain activity. In this paper by using an existing simulator I have achieved 97 percent accurate results and it is easy and simplest way than Emotion recognition using brain activity system. Purposed system depends upon human face as we know face also reflects the human brain activities or emotions. In this paper neural network has been used for better results. In the end of paper comparisons of existing Human Emotion Recognition System has been made with new one.
Evaluation of Complex Harmonic Signals From Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Particle Imaging

We evaluated the complex harmonic signals from magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for magnetic particle imaging (MPI). We measured the complex harmonic signals from Resovist MNPs, one of the candidates for an MPI tracer, when only an ac excitation field and both the ac and the dc excitation fields were applied. To evaluate the complex harmonic magnetization spectra, we performed a numerical simulation accounting for the distributions of magnetic moments, anisotropy energy barriers, and hydrodynamic sizes of MNPs in the sample. The simulation results agreed well with experimentally obtained amplitude of the harmonic signals. The simulation results of the phase lag, which was caused by the finite relaxation time, agreed with the experiments for low harmonic numbers. The phase lag deviation between them became significant for higher harmonic numbers. For quantitative evaluation of the phase lag for higher harmonic numbers, a more accurate estimation of the Néel relaxation time is required.
Evidence for non-infiltrative cardiomyopathy in acute leukaemia and lymphoma. A clinical and echocardiographic study.

Left ventricular function was assessed with echocardiography in 27 normal subjects and in 38 patients with acute leukaemia and lymphoma. Eighteen patients in the leukaemia-lymphoma group (47%) had left ventricular dysfunction before chemotherapy as suggested by a significantly (P < 0.001) abnormal end-systolic dimension and a low fractional shortening. Cardiac failure developed in 12 patients (32%): 3 patients with preleukaemia, 3 with acute myeloid leukaemia, and 1 with Hodgkin's disease had heart failure before cytotoxic therapy and 5 others developed it within 3 to 24 weeks after 75 to 920 mg daunorubicin. Cardiac failure in 5 of the 7 pre-daunorubicin cases was well controlled while all the 5 patients who developed left ventricular failure after daunorubicin died. In 3 of these the heart failure was the only cause of death. Necropsy in 4 patients showed no leukaenmic infiltration ofthe myocardium. Sequential echocardiograms showed a deterioration in left ventricular function during the first 6 months and a steady improvement in patients who lived longer than 9 months. This study shows that 47 per cent ofpatients with acute leukaenaia and lymphoma have non-infiltrative cardiomyopathy which is unrelated to drugs,andasignificantproportionof thesedevelopheartfailure.This cardiomyopathy does not appear to be reversible though patients who survive longer than 9 months show
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Gene ORF57 Is Essential for Infectious Virion Production

ABSTRACT The ORF57 gene of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes a nuclear protein expressed during the lytic phase of KSHV replication. An ORF57 homolog is present in all known human herpesviruses and many animal herpesviruses. Many of these proteins have been demonstrated to have essential transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory functions. ORF57 enhances expression of reporter genes posttranscriptionally in vitro and may synergize with transcription factors to enhance gene transcription. However, the biologic role of ORF57 in KSHV replication has not been established. In this study, we demonstrate that ORF57 is essential for productive KSHV lytic replication by constructing a recombinant KSHV in which ORF57 expression has been specifically inactivated. The ORF57-null KSHV recombinant was unable to produce virion progeny or fully express several other lytic KSHV genes except when ORF57 was provided in trans. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) homolog of ORF57, SM, was unable to rescue lytic KSHV virion production, although EBV SM does enhance KSHV lytic gene expression from the ORF57-null mutant. Conversely, ORF57 did not rescue an SM-null recombinant EBV, indicating the existence of virus-specific functions for the ORF57 family of genes.
Hypothalamic control of adrenocorticotropin secretion: advances since the discovery of 41-residue corticotropin-releasing factor.

IN THE 25 yrs after the first demonstration of CRF in hypothalamic tissue (1, 2), research on CRF progressed along two major lines of experimentation. In the context of a functional anatomical approach, researchers sought to elucidate the hypothalamic organization of neurons that produce CRF and control the secretion of ACTH (for reviews see Refs. 3–5). The second major trend was the quest for the isolation and chemical characterization of the hypothalamic CRF principle (for reviews see Refs. 6–8). It was the discovery of 41-amino acid residue CRF (CRF-41) by Vale and co-workers (9) which provided the missing link between the two major paths of investigation. Aided by decades of expertise accumulated in laboratories throughout the world, workers finally having the right stuff at hand rapidly established CRF-41 as a major physiological mediator of the hypothalamic control of ACTH secretion (for reviews see Refs. 10–12). However, it soon became evident that CRF-41 is not the sole hypothalamic neurohormone i.
Craniofacial cephalometric morphology in 6-year-old children with isolated cleft lip, isolated submucous cleft palate, and combined cleft lip and submucous cleft palate

One hundred and twenty-one cleft children (67 with isolated cleft lip (CL), 32 with isolated submucous cleft palate (SMCP), and 22 with combined cleft lip and submucous cleft palate (CL + SMCP)) were compared retrospectively from lateral cephalograms taken at a mean age of 6.2 years (range 5.5–7.9). None of the children had had their palates repaired or been operated on to treat velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). The children with CL + SMCP and CL had similar morphology. They had greater maxillary length, greater maxillary and mandibular prominence, less vertical growth pattern, less deep nasopharyngeal airways, and thinner upper lips than those with isolated SMCP. After 6 years of age one patient with CL + SMCP, none with CL, and 16 with SMCP needed operations for VPI. This small series suggests that children with CL + SMCP and SMCP have different morphology. Although CL + SMCP is a combination of two types of clefts, it seems to be associated with similar morphology to CL.
Pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer currently carries with it a poor prognosis. This is, in part, due to the fact that early stage disease is relatively symptom-free. Most cases are therefore diagnosed at later stages. Without active treatment the median survival length is around 3 to 5 months which extends to around 11 to 15 months with proper treatment . Due to the generally late diagnoses, more than 80% of the cancers are not treatable via surgery. Although diagnosis methods are becoming more advanced every year, the American Cancer Society estimates that in the year 2018, 55,440 people will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and there will be 44,330 deaths. These statistics make pancreatic cancer the 4th overall cause of cancer related deaths in the U.S.
Heart Rate Variability Indexes as a Marker of Chronic Adaptation in Athletes: A Systematic Review

Regular exercise promotes functional and structural changes in the central and peripheral mechanisms of the cardiovascular system. Heart rate variability (HRV) measurement provides a sensitive indicator of the autonomic balance. However, because of the diversity of methods and variables used, the results are difficult to compare in the sports sciences. Since the protocol (supine, sitting, or standing position) and measure (time or frequency domain) are not well defined, the aim of this study is to investigate the HRV measures that better indicates the chronic adaptations of physical exercise in athletes.
Altered patterns of T cell migration through lymph nodes and skin following antigen challenge

Antigen challenge has profound effects on a regional lymph node (LN); it leads to an increase in blood flow to the node, and a marked increase in lymphocyte output through the efferent lymphatics. We used the isolated LN model developed in the sheep to see if antigen challenge in a LN resembled inflammation in peripheral tissues. Following stimulation with an antigen (purified protein derivative of tuberculin), lymphocyte output from the LN showed the typical periods of “lymphocyte shutdown” and “recruitment”. The shutdown phase, when cell numbers in efferent lymph dropped by ∼80%, affected almost exclusively the naive‐type (adhesion10, L‐selectin+) T cell population. The large increase in T cell traffic through the node during the recuitment phase was mostly due to CD4+ memory‐type T cells and, moreover, the majority of these T cells were L‐selectin−, indicating that these cells were crossing from the blood by a molecular mechanism other than L‐selectin interaction with its ligand, the “lymph node vascular addressin” (MECA‐79). Examination of LN high endothelial venules revealed the presence of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), an endothelial adhesion molecule which has been reported to bind preferentially memory‐type T cells in inflammatory lesions. Within the skin, antigen challenge also induced the rapid expression of VCAM‐1 on vascular endothelium. It was purely memory‐type T cells (β1−, L‐selectin+/−) that collected in lymph draining from this tissue. However within chronically inflamed skin, the MECA‐79 determinant appeared on vascular endothelium, and a small proportion of T cells draining from chronically inflamed skin were of naive‐type. The present results illustrate that there are similarities in the cellular and molecular events that characterize antigen stimulation of a LN and inflammation in a peripheral tissue.
Training in Carotid Artery Stenting: Do Carotid Simulation Systems Really Help?

Virtual reality (VR) simulations have long been used for training in aviation and other professions. High-fidelity endovascular procedure simulators are now available, providing procedure simulations with real-time interactions; two-dimensional graphic displays of angiographic anatomy; mechanical interfaces with guidewires, sheaths, and catheters that provide some degree of haptic feedback; modeling of physiologic and pharmacology responses; and other features. Simulators have been incorporated into training programs for physicians learning carotid artery stenting (CAS). For the first time, US Food and Drug Administration approval of a new device (CAS systems) has included a requirement for physician training that incorporates the use of VR simulators. Early experience has shown that simulation is well accepted by trainees, performance on simulators improves with training and practice, and simulation prior to first performing endovascular procedures can improve clinical performance. Specific to CAS, the value of education programs using simulators appears to be tangible as trained but inexperienced CAS operators have clinical results comparable to those of physicians with extensive CAS experience.
Genetic differences detected by comparative genomic hybridization in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas from different tumor sites: construction of oncogenetic trees for tumor progression

For a better understanding of genetic alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we applied comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in the analysis of 75 HNSCCs, comprised of 18 pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (PSCCs), 23 laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs), and 34 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). The three subgroups of HNSCC showed significant differences in genetic alteration patterns. Overall, PSCC and LSCC had more copy number aberrations (CNAs) per tumor than did OSCC. Apparent differing patterns of high‐level amplification were also observed. The smallest recurrent chromosomal regions of high‐level amplification (≥15% of cases) were 7q22, 8q24.1, and 11q12–13 in PSCC and 3q26.1–29 in OSCC. According to single frequency and combined frequencies of CNAs, we concluded that the most important chromosomal events for progression of head and neck cancer were +3q, +5p, +8q, and −3p for all subgroups of HNSCC; additionally, +7q, +17q, −9p, and −13q for PSCC; +7p, +9q, +11q12–13, +14q, and +17q for LSCC; and +1p and +11q12–13 for OSCC. To identify further important genetic alterations and the relationships among the alterations, we constructed oncogenetic tree models for tumor progression of HNSCC from CGH data using branching and distance‐based tree models. The tree models predicted that: (1) +3q21–29 was the most important early chromosomal event, and −3p, which occurred after +3q21–29, was also an important chromosomal event for all subsites of HNSCC; (2) +8q is the second most important early chromosomal event; (3) there may be at least three subgroups of HNSCC: one characterized by −3p, −9p, +7p, and −13q; another by +5p, +9qter, and +17p; and the other by +8q and +18p. These results suggest that different chromosomal aberrations may play a role in the initiation and/or progression of different subgroups of HNSCC. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How Can Safety Nets Contribute to Economic Growth?

The paper provides an up-to date and selective review of the literature on how social safety nets contribute to growth. The evidence is carefully chosen to show how safety nets have the potential to overcome constraints on growth linked to market failures, and is organized into 4 distinct pathways: i) encouraging asset accumulation by changing incentives and by addressing imperfections in financial markets caused by constraints in obtaining credit, and from information asymmetries; overcoming such failures helps households to invest into their human capital or productive assets; ii) failures in insurance markets especially in low income setting; safety nets are assisting in managing risk both ex post and ex ante; iii) safety nets are overcoming failure to create assets and other local economy complementary factors to household-level investments; iv) safety nets are shown to relax political constraints on policy. Safety nets have a dual objective of directly alleviating poverty through transfers to the poor and of triggering higher growth for the poor. However, the trade-off between the dual objectives of equity and growth is not eliminated by the potential for productive safety nets; this remains critical for designing social policies.
Cytogenetic findings in six posterior uveal melanomas: Involvement of chromosomes 3, 6, and 8

Six posterior uveal melanomas were karyotyped after short‐term culture. One had a normal chromosome complement; the remaining five had limited chromosome changes. Involvement of chromosomes 1 and 6 was noted in two and four cases, respectively, and three ciliary body tumours demonstrated both monosomy 3 and i(8q).
Evaluating counseling outcome on adherence to prophylaxis and follow-up after sexual HIV-risk exposure: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is recommended for the management of sexual HIV-risk exposure. However, a high percentage of exposed patients discontinue both their 28-day prophylaxis course before 15 days and HIV testing follow-up before M3. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a counseling intervention in enhancing both adherence to PEP and HIV testing follow-up. Methods. Between 1 June 2004 and 31 December 2005, 54 patients exposed to sexual HIV-risk exposure were included in a multicenter, prospective, controlled, randomized trial, comparing a group receiving a counseling intervention in addition to traditional medical management (intervention group (IG), n=28) vs. a control group (CG, n=26). Patients in the IG received interactive counseling interventions focused on adherence to PEP and to HIV testing follow-up, led by specially trained nurses. The main outcome measures were proportion of patients achieving 100% adherence to PEP as evaluated on D15 by a self-completed patient questionnaire and on HIV testing on D45 and M3. Results. Groups were well balanced at baseline for age, sex, and circumstances of exposure. The proportion of 100% adherent patients to PEP was significantly higher in the IG compared to the CG (54% vs. 23%, p=0.036). Patients in the IG were more likely to complete the HIV testing follow-up at D45 (86% vs. 54%, p=0.023) and M3 (68% vs. 38%, p=0.056). Conclusions. This study suggests the effectiveness of a counseling program to enhance adherence to both PEP and HIV testing follow-up after sexual exposure.
Plasma leakage through glomerular basement membrane ruptures triggers the proliferation of parietal epithelial cells and crescent formation in non‐inflammatory glomerular injury

Glomerular crescents are most common in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis but also occur in non‐inflammatory chronic glomerulopathies; thus, factors other than inflammation should trigger crescent formation, eg vascular damage and plasma leakage. Here we report that Alport nephropathy in Col4A3‐deficient Sv129 mice is complicated by diffuse and global crescent formation in which proliferating parietal epithelial cells are the predominant cell type. Laminin staining and transmission and acellular scanning electron microscopy of acellular glomeruli documented disruptions and progressive disintegration of the glomerular basement membrane in Col4A3‐deficient mice. FITC‐dextran perfusion further revealed vascular leakage from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's space, further documented by fibrin deposits in the segmental crescents. Its pathogenic role was validated by showing that the fibrinolytic activity of recombinant urokinase partially prevented crescent formation. In addition, in vitro studies confirmed an additional mitogenic potential of serum on murine and human parietal epithelial cells. Furthermore, loss of parietal cell polarity and unpolarized secretion of extracellular matrix components were evident within fibrocellular crescents. Among 665 human Alport nephropathy biopsies, crescent formation was noted in 0.4%. We conclude that glomerular vascular injury and GBM breaks cause plasma leakage which triggers a wound healing programme involving the proliferation of parietal cells and their loss of polarity. This process can trigger cellular and fibrocellular crescent formation even in the absence of cellular inflammation and rupture of the Bowman's capsule. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dysmenorrhea among Siriraj nurses; prevalence, quality of life, and knowledge of management.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea, impact on daily activity, quality of life, and knowledge of management among Siriraj nurses. SUBJECTS Four hundred ninety three female nurses in the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand MATERIAL AND METHOD A cross-sectional descriptive study was done at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire (32 items) and a Short form-36. The questionnaire included demographic data, menstrual pattern, age at dysmenorrhea, severity of dysmenorrhea, pain score, impact of dysmenorrhea on daily activity, and method and knowledge of medications to treat dysmenorrhea. Evaluation of the quality of life using short form-36 questionnaire was also asked. RESULTS The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 70.2%. The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe dysmenorrhea was 29.6%, 38.9%, and 1.6% respectively. Dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with age of participants, amount of menses, and the family history of dysmenorrhea. Nurses who had moderate to severe dysmenorrhea reported the impact on daily activities as limited sport activity (93%), limited social activity (66%), affected their concentration (81%), and absenteeism from work (16.5%). The mean total score of short form-36 in moderate and severe dysmenorrhea group was 69.9, significantly lower than mild and no dysmenorrhea group (75.2). Eighty-one percent and 68% of nurses with moderate and severe dysmenorrhea used paracetamol and mefenamic acid for pain relief respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of dysmenorrhea among nurses was high and it had a negative impact on daily activities and quality of life. Most of the subjects knew that paracetamol and mefenamic acid can relieve dysmenorrhea. The hospital administrators should be concerned with this problem in nurses working in their hospital.
Lenalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma.

PURPOSE The pharmacology, clinical use, adverse effects, dosage and administration, and cost of lenalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) are reviewed. SUMMARY Lenalidomide is an analogue of thalidomide and has been shown to be more potent than thalidomide in the stimulation of T-cell, interleukin-2, and interferon-gamma production. Both drugs have direct cytotoxic effects on myeloma cells and are capable of inducing apoptosis. They are also capable of reducing angiogenesis through the inhibition of the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Inhibition of VEGF leads to alterations in the microvasculature of the bone marrow environment and inhibits myeloma cell growth and proliferation. Unlike thalidomide, lenalidomide has almost no sedative or constipative properties and induces only minimal neurotoxicity; however, there is concern about lenalidomide's teratogenic potential. Phase I, II, and III trials have been carried out with lenalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory MM, and the drug has shown impressive response rates in relapsed disease. The combination of lenalidomide and dexamethasone has shown superior patient survival. Lenalidomide's efficacy in newly diagnosed MM is currently being studied. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were found to be the most common grade 3 or higher toxicities. Rates of these toxicities varied among trials and may have been affected by the setting in which lenalidomide was used (i.e., relapsed or refractory disease versus newly diagnosed MM). CONCLUSION Lenalidomide, a thalidomide analogue, has produced good results when used with dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory MM. Lenalidomide is associated with hematologic toxicities, and participation in a restricted-distribution program is required of prescribers, pharmacies, and patients because of the drug's teratogenic potential.
Plant water status monitoring with THz QTDS

We demonstrate how water status measurements on plants can be performed using terahertz quasi time domain spectroscopy (THz QTDS). Compared with conventional THz TDS, this approach enables much more cost-efficient measurement setups and thus brings the technology closer to it's application in the field. Exemplary data is obtained from examining the drought stress response of rye and soy.