Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Cluster-Boosted Regression Improve Prediction of Death and Length of Stay in the ICU?

Sharing of personal health information is subject to multiple constraints, which may dissuade some organizations from sharing their data. Summarized deidentified data, such as that derived from <italic>k</italic>-means cluster analysis, is subject to far fewer privacy-related constraints. In this paper, we examine the extent to which analysis of clustered patient types can match predictions made by analyzing the entire dataset at once. After reviewing relevant literature, and explaining how data are summarized in each cluster of similar patients, we compare the results of predicting death, and length of stay (LOS) in the ICU<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref> <fn id="fn1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>ICU: Intensive care unit.
Guidelines for Participation

• Does the LTCF or ALP have a policy that addresses resident/tenant participation in research studies and has it been shared with residents, staff, family members and other relevant parties? Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and assisted living programs (ALPs) are sometimes approached by researchers and other interested parties with requests to recruit residents and tenants as research study participants.
ABE FERMENTATION OF SUGAR IN BRAZIL

A fermentation plant was designed to ferment and process sugar cane juice into acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) in Brazil. The plant was built to handle a feed of 40 tonnes of sugar per hour in 25% solution. The process runs continuously for 32 weeks out of the year, during the cane harvest, for 20 years. The two main steps of the process are the fermentation and the separation of the ABE products into the desired 99.5% product purities. The fermentation section of the plant consists of nine 500,000 gallon fermenters that convert the bulk of the sugar cane into ABE products, as well as two 500,000 gallon fermenters that supply fresh cells to these fermenters and a series of smaller tanks that scale up cell concentrations from a test tube scale to the fermenter sizes used in this project. The separation section of the plant consists of a holding tank to store the ABE products, a gas stripper to remove most of the organics from water, a decanter to further separate the products into a butanol-rich phase and a water-rich phase, molecular sieves to remove the rest of the water from the butanol-rich phase, and two distillation columns to purify the products and prepare them for sale. This design can be deemed a successful one with a 35.67% return on investment and a net present value $118,806,000. Also, the process as a whole was found to be significantly energy positive, with our combustible products having a fuel value of 3.36x108 BTU/hr and our utility inputs being only 2.14x106 BTU/hr. The main reason for our success on these two fronts was the use of a gas stripper and a molecular sieve, which allowed for most of the water in the separation step to be removed without needing to heat it. Disciplines Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering This working paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/cbe_sdr/17 1 Senior Design Report (CBE) University of Pennsylvania Year 2010 ABE Fermentation of Sugar Cane in Brazil Marcelo C. Mansur Maclyn K. O’Donnell University of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania Matthew S. Rehmann Mohammad Zohaib University of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania
Mathematics of Musical Rhythm

In this paper, we analyze the rhythmic structures of several pieces of music. We use two different types of data reduction to reduce the signals, eliminating higher frequency information. Using algorithms written for MATLAB by Sethares and Staley, we identify dominant frequencies and periodicities using the capabilities of the Discrete Fourier Transform and the Periodicity Transform. While both the DFT and PT have certain difficulties, we conclude that each transform provides us with important information. We also touch on other applications of the analysis of rhythm.
Entrepreneurial Business Plan Under Undiversifiable Idiosyncratic Risk

This paper presents an entrepreneurial optimal business plan in which optimal consumption and portfolio rules, and optimal exit strategy for an entrepreneur are jointly determined in the presence of undiversifiable idiosyncratic risk. We find that the entrepreneur is more likely to exit from her risky business as investment opportunity worsens or as her risk aversion coefficient increases or as the idiosyncratic risk increases. When the entrepreneur decumulates wealth, she can achieve a partial hedging effect of a risky portfolio against the business risk by optimally increasing her risky portfolio as the idiosyncratic risk increases. Accordingly, stock market participation is of importance to the entrepreneur for the purpose of risk diversification and a smooth continuation of her risky business.
2 Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Associated with Liver Transplantation in 2011 : Past and Future

Liver transplantation has evolved as the therapy of choice for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, the waiting list for liver transplantation is growing at a fast pace, whereas the number of available organs is not growing at a proportional rate. The potential use of steatotic livers for transplant, one of the most common types of organs from marginal donors, has become a major focus of investigations. However the clinical problem is still unresolved since steatotic livers are more susceptible to ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury and, when used, have poorer outcome than non-steatotic livers. Indeed, the use of steatotic livers for transplantation is associated with increased risk of primary non-function or dysfunction after surgery. Therefore, minimizing the adverse effects of I/R injury could improve outcomes in steatotic liver surgery, increase the number both of suitable transplantation grafts and of patients who successfully recover from liver transplantation.
Identifying Patients at Increased Risk for Unplanned Readmission

Background:Reducing readmissions is a national priority, but many hospitals lack practical tools to identify patients at increased risk of unplanned readmission. Objective:To estimate the association between a composite measure of patient condition at discharge, the Rothman Index (RI), and unplanned readmission within 30 days of discharge. Subjects:Adult medical and surgical patients in a major teaching hospital in 2011. Measures:The RI is a composite measure updated regularly from the electronic medical record based on changes in vital signs, nursing assessments, Braden score, cardiac rhythms, and laboratory test results. We developed 4 categories of RI and tested its association with readmission within 30 days, using logistic regression, adjusted for patient age, sex, insurance status, service assignment (medical or surgical), and primary discharge diagnosis. Results:Sixteen percent of the sample patients (N=2730) had an unplanned readmission within 30 days of discharge. The risk of readmission for a patient in the highest risk category (RI<70) was >1 in 5 while the risk of readmission for patients in the lowest risk category was about 1 in 10. In multivariable analysis, patients with an RI<70 (the highest risk category) or 70–79 (medium risk category) had 2.65 (95% confidence interval, 1.72–4.07) and 2.40 (95% confidence interval, 1.57–3.67) times higher odds of unplanned readmission, respectively, compared with patients in the lowest risk category. Conclusion:Clinicians can use the RI to help target hospital programs and supports to patients at highest risk of readmission.
Adoption with small and medium enterprises

For this project, the student planned on having a project consisting of a questionnaire which would help a small and medium enterprise decode if they were eligible for the cloud and at what cost in some areas. This student planned on having this project reachable to a large audience where they could try out the questionnaire at a time of their choosing. As a result of this project, the student has got a website consisting of information about the cloud, information about the areas which he researched. Most importantly, it consisted of a questionnaire consisting of 4 areas which were back-up, web hosting, customer relationship management and software and development testing. After the questionnaire, the user is then aware if that by a large degree, are suitable to adopt the cloud and in some cases, how much this service will cost them. The student hopes this will benefit businesses in one way or another.
Integrating ELF4 into the circadian system through combined structural and functional studies

The circadian clock is a timekeeping mechanism that enables anticipation of daily environmental changes. In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the circadian system is a multiloop series of interlocked transcription‐translation feedbacks. Several genes have been arranged in these oscillation loops, but the position of the core‐clock gene ELF4 in this network was previously undetermined. ELF4 lacks sequence similarity to known domains, and functional homologs have not yet been identified. Here we show that ELF4 is functionally conserved within a subclade of related sequences, and forms an alpha‐helical homodimer with a likely electrostatic interface that could be structurally modeled. We support this hypothesis by expression analysis of new elf4 hypomorphic alleles. These weak mutants were found to have expression level phenotypes of both morning and evening clock genes, implicating multiple entry points of ELF4 within the multiloop network. This could be mathematically modeled. Furthermore, morning‐expression defects were particular to some elf4 alleles, suggesting predominant ELF4 action just preceding dawn. We provide a new hypothesis about ELF4 in the oscillator—it acts as a homodimer to integrate two arms of the circadian clock.
THE EFFECT OF OWNERSHIP ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STAGE BUS SERVICES IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE

Ownership and control of the urban stage bus industry continues to be an intensively debated topic in both the developed and developing world. Proponents of private sector ownership and free competition argue that such conditions generate an efficient and effective stage bus service. Others promote varying levels of government control and involvement, including ownership, because of market imperfections and a loss in social welfare. Whilst it is impossible to be definitive on the subject from either standpoint, new case study material frequently highlights the effects (both positive and negative) of government or private ownership on the performance of stage bus services in the developing world. This report therefore adds to the debate by discussing the reasons for and objectives of the Government of Zimbabwe's decision in 1988 to invest and participate directly in the provision of urban stage bus services in the major towns and cities of Zimbabwe. The initial effects of this process in Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe, are discussed using operational, financial and service level data from pre Government involvement to the present day. Whilst it is too soon to make a final assessment of Government involvement the trends illustrated allow an interim assessment to be made. (A)
PENGARUH STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT

This study aims to examine the effect of ownership structure on audit quality. The research was done by testing the effect of variable ownership concentrations (OwCon), foreign ownership (ForOwn), institutional ownership (InsOwn), and managerial ownership (ManOwn) on audit quality (AuQua). In addition, this study also used two control variables namely firm size (Size) and leverage (Lev). The population used in this study are all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period of 2011. While the sampling method used was purposive sampling method. Overall, the sample used in this study amounted to 166 companies. From the analysis performed in this study, it can be concluded that the all variable OwCon, ForOwn, InsOwn, and ManOwn significantly influence AuQua. So, from four hypotheses that proposed in this study, all of them are accepted.
Genetic epidemiology of breast cancer

It has been recognized for some time that a family history of breast cancer is associated rather strongly with a woman's own risk of developing the disease. Recent segregation analyses of population‐based data on familial patterns provide evidence for a rare autosomal dominant allele that increases a carrier's susceptibility to breast cancer. The estimated proportion of breast cancer patients who carry this allele declines sharply with age at diagnosis. Empirical estimates of the risk associated with particular patterns of family history of breast cancer indicate the following: (1) having any first‐degree relative with breast cancer increases a woman's risk of breast cancer 1.5–3‐fold, depending on age, (2) having multiple first degree relatives affected is associated with particularly elevated risks, (3) having a second‐degree relative affected increases the risk by approximately 50%, (4) affected family members on the maternal side and the paternal side contribute similarly to the risk, (5) a family history of breast cancer is associated with bilateral disease, and (6) breast cancer in males is associated with breast cancer in female relatives in much the same way as is breast cancer in women.
Validity and reliability of activity measures in African-American girls for GEMS.

PURPOSE To determine the reliability and validity of physical activity monitors and self-report instruments suitable for young African-American girls. METHODS A validation study was conducted by the Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (GEMS) research team to compare an accelerometer with a pedometer and two self-report instruments for assessing physical activity in African-American girls, age 8-9 yr. Girls (N= 68) attended two clinic visits spaced 4 d apart. Each girl wore a MTI/CSA accelerometer (used as the criterion standard for validity) and a pedometer simultaneously for four consecutive days. Girls completed on two occasions a 24-h physical activity checklist of yesterday and usual activities, including sedentary activities (GEMS Activity Questionnaire, GAQ), and a 3-d computerized self-report instrument (Activitygram). RESULTS Girls were (mean +/- SD) 9.0 +/- 0.6 yr old and had a body mass index of 19.4 kg x m. Reliability measured by intraclass correlations (ICC) and Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated for the MTI/CSA (ICC = 0.37, P< 0.0001), pedometer (ICC = 0.08, = 0.094), Activitygram (ICC = 0.24) (P = 0.005), and GAQ for physical (r = 0.80, P< 0.0001) and sedentary (r = 0.3-0.5, P< 0.005) activities. Significant Pearson correlations between the MTI/CSA and the other instruments, as a measure of validity, were observed for the 4-d average pedometer score (r = 0.47, P< 0.0001), 3-d average Activitygram score (r = 0.37, P= 0.002), and the average of the two yesterday and two usual GAQ activity scores for a subset of 18 physical activities questions (r = 0.27, = 0.03; and r = 0.29,P = 0.02, respectively). The MTI/CSA was uncorrelated with single day scores from the three other instruments. CONCLUSION The reliability of the instruments tested was acceptable, except the pedometer. Validity correlations were significant when more than one day was used. Self-report instruments need further development for improved reliability and validity.
The Impacts of Community Telecenters in Rural Colombia

Abstract This paper evaluates the impacts of two community telecenters on their host organizations and on the rural areas they serve. Awareness and use of telecenters by rural households were low, as was users ability to articulate information needs. Significant institutional impacts occurred in the NGOs that hosted the telecenters. The results suggest that sustainable expansion of ICTs in rural areas of developing countries may best be achieved by working through local organizations willing to incorporate the technologies into their work, while striving with the communities they serve to build local capacity to use information and ICTs. Resumen Se evalua el impacto de dos telecentros comunitarios en las organizaciones anfitrionas y en las areas rurales aledanas. El uso de los telecentros por los campesinos es bajo, asi como su habilidad para articular las necesidades de informacion. Los impactos institucionales observados sugieren que la mejor manera de lograr la expansion sostenible de las TICs en las areas rurales de los paises en desarrollo podria ser por medio de organizaciones locales que incorporen las tecnologias ellas mismas y las usen con sus comunidades, construyendo capacidad local para el uso de la informacion y de las TICs.
The Effects of Intensity and Interval Rhythms on the Perception of Auditory and Visual Temporal Patterns

Repeating temporal patterns were presented in the auditory and visual modalities so that: (a) all elements were of equal intensity and were equally spaced in time (uniform presentation); (b) the intensity of one element was increased (accent presentation); or (c) the interval between two elements was increased (pause presentation). Intensity and interval patterning serve to segment the element sequence into repeating patterns. For uniform presentation, pattern organization was by pattern structure, with auditory identification being faster. For pause presentation, organization was by the pauses; both auditory and visual identification were twice as fast as for uniform presentation. For auditory accent presentation, organization was by pattern structure and identification was slower than for uniform presentation. In contrast, the organization of visual accent presentation was by accents and identification was faster than for uniform presentation. These results suggest that complex stimuli, in which elements are patterned along more than one sensory dimension, are perceptually unique and therefore their identification rests on the nature of each modality.
A review on protein–protein interaction network of APE1/Ref‐1 and its associated biological functions

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a classic example of functionally variable protein. Besides its well‐known role in (i) DNA repair of oxidative base damage, APE1 also plays a critical role in (ii) redox regulation of transcription factors controlling gene expression for cell survival pathways, for which it is also known as redox effector factor 1 (Ref‐1), and recent evidences advocates for (iii) coordinated control of other non‐canonical protein–protein interaction(s) responsible for significant biological functions in mammalian cells. The diverse functions of APE1 can be ascribed to its ability to interact with different protein partners, owing to the attainment of unfolded domains during evolution. Association of dysregulation of APE1 with various human pathologies, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegeneration, is attributable to its multifunctional nature, and this makes APE1 a potential therapeutic target. This review covers the important aspects of APE1 in terms of its significant protein–protein interaction(s), and this knowledge is required to understand the onset and development of human pathologies and to design or improve the strategies to target such interactions for treatment and management of various human diseases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Query rewriting using views : a theoretical and practical perspective. (Réécriture de requêtes avec des vues : une perspective théorique et pratique)

In this work, we address the problem of query rewriting using views, by adopting both a theoretical and a pragmatic perspective. In the first and main chapter, we approach the topic of finding all minimal (i.e. with no redundant relational atoms) conjunctive query reformulations for a relational conjunctive query, under constraints expressed as embedded dependencies, including the relationship between the source and the target schemas. We present a novel sound and complete algorithm, the Provenance-Aware Chase & Backchase, that solves the minimal reformulations problem with practically relevant performance. We provide a detailed theoretical characterization of our algorithm. We further present the optimized implementation and the experimental evaluation thereof, and exhibit natural scenarios yielding speed-ups of up to two orders of magnitude between the execution of a best view-based rewriting found by a commercial DBMS and that of a best rewriting found by our algorithm. We generalize the Provenance-Aware Chase & Backchase towards directly finding minimum-cost reformulations for monotonic cost functions, and show the performance improvements this adaptation further enables. With our algorithm, we introduce a novel chase flavour, the Provenance-Aware Chase, which is interesting on its own, as a means of reasoning about the interaction between provenance and constraints. In the second chapter, we move to an XML context and revisit the previous work of Cautis, Deutsch and Onose on the problem of finding XPath query rewritings with a single level of intersection of multiple views. We enrich the analysis of the rewriting problem by showing its links to the problems of DAG-tree equivalence and union-freeness. We refine the rule-based rewriting technique proposed by Cautis, Deutsch and Onose to ensure its polynomial complexity and improve its completeness, and present a range of optimizations on the rewriting procedures, necessary to achieve practical performance. We provide a complete implementation comprising these optimizations and a thorough experimental evaluation thereof, showing the performanceand utility of the polynomial rewriting technique.
Proteome Analysis of the Rice Etioplast

We report an extensive proteome analysis of rice etioplasts, which were highly purified from dark-grown leaves by a novel protocol using Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation. Comparative protein profiling of different cell compartments from leaf tissue demonstrated the purity of the etioplast preparation by the absence of diagnostic marker proteins of other cell compartments. Systematic analysis of the etioplast proteome identified 240 unique proteins that provide new insights into heterotrophic plant metabolism and control of gene expression. They include several new proteins that were not previously known to localize to plastids. The etioplast proteins were compared with proteomes from Arabidopsis chloroplasts and plastid from tobacco Bright Yellow 2 cells. Together with computational structure analyses of proteins without functional annotations, this comparative proteome analysis revealed novel etioplast-specific proteins. These include components of the plastid gene expression machinery such as two RNA helicases, an RNase II-like hydrolytic exonuclease, and a site 2 protease-like metalloprotease all of which were not known previously to localize to the plastid and are indicative for so far unknown regulatory mechanisms of plastid gene expression. All etioplast protein identifications and related data were integrated into a data base that is freely available upon request.
Primary and secondary prevention of heart failure with statins

Statins are effective in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD), a leading cause of heart failure (HF). Secondary analyses from 11 randomized clinical trials of patients with high-risk acute or stable coronary heart disease, but without HF, suggest that statins may prevent new-onset HF or HF-related hospitalization. In persons with established HF, several cohort studies found an approximate 35% relative risk reduction in all-cause mortality. While ongoing randomized clinical trials will help to determine the efficacy of statins in persons with established HF, it is reasonable to consider this class of medications in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia or diabetes mellitus, and who have either developed, or who remain at risk of, HF.