Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon Isotope Effects on the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Reaction and Their Importance for Relative Carbon-13 Depletion in Lipids

A method has been developed for the positional "C isotope analysis of pyruvate and acetate by stepwise quantitative degradation. On its base, the kinetic isotope effects on the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction (enzymes from Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for both of the carbon atoms involved in the bond scission (double isotope effect determination) and on C-3 of pyruvate have been determined. The experimental k12/k13 values with the enzyme from E. coli on C-1 and C-2 of pyruvate are 1.0093 f 0.0007 and 1.0213 f 0.0017, respectively, and, with the enzyme from s. cerevisiae, the values are 1.0238 f 0.0013 and 1.0254 f 0.0016, respectively. A secondary isotope effect of 1.0031 f 0.0009 on C-3 (CH3group) was found with both enzymes. The size of the isotope on C-1 indicates that decarboxylation is more rate-determining with the yeast enzyme than with the enzyme from E. coli, although it is not the entirely rate-limiting step in the overall reaction sequence. Assuming appropriate values for the intrinsic isotope effect on the decarboxylation step ( k3) and the equilibrium isotope effect on the reversible substrate binding (kl, k2), one can calculate values for the partitioning factor R (k3/k2: E. coli enzyme 4.67, S. cerevisiae enzyme 1.14) and the intrinsic isotope effects related to the carbonyl-C (kl/k'l = 1.019; k3/k'3 = 1.033). The isotope fractionation at C-2 of pyruvate gives strong evidence that the well known relative carbon13 depletion in lipids from biological material is mainly caused by the isotope effect on the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction. In addition, our results indicate an alternating "C abundance in fatty acids, that has already been verified in some cases.
Diphenyl Ether Non‐Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Excellent Potency Against Resistant Mutant Viruses and Promising Pharmacokinetic Properties

Non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are part of the preferred treatment regimens for individuals infected with HIV. These NNRTI‐based regimens are efficacious, but the most popular NNRTIs have a low genetic barrier to resistance and have been associated with adverse events. There is therefore still a need for efficacious antiviral medicines that facilitate patient adherence and allow durable suppression of viral replication. As part of an extensive program targeted toward the discovery of NNRTIs that have favorable pharmacokinetic properties, good potency against NNRTI‐resistant viruses, and a high genetic barrier to drug resistance, we focused on the optimization of a series of diaryl ether NNRTIs. In the course of this effort, we employed molecular modeling to design a new set of NNRTIs that that are active against wild‐type HIV and key NNRTI‐resistant mutant viruses. The structure–activity relationships observed in this series of compounds provide insight into the structural features required for NNRTIs that inhibit the replication of a wide range of mutant viruses. Selected compounds have promising pharmacokinetic profiles.
Subtractive hybridisation screen identifies sexually dimorphic gene expression in the embryonic mouse gonad

The sex of most mammals is determined by the action of SRY. Its presence initiates testis formation resulting in male differentiation, its absence results in ovary formation and female differentiation. We have used suppression subtraction hybridisation between 12.0–12.5 days postcoitum (dpc) mouse testes and ovaries to identify genes that potentially lie within the Sry pathway. Normalised urogenital ridge libraries comprising 8,352 clones were differentially screened with subtracted probes. A total of 272 candidate cDNAs were tested for qualitative differential expression and localisation by whole mount in situ hybridisation; germ cell‐dependent or ‐independent expression was further resolved using busulfan. Fifty‐four genes were identified that showed higher expression in the testis than the ovary. One novel gene may be a candidate for interactions with WT1, based on its localisation to Sertoli cells and map position (16q24.3). genesis 37:84–90, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Reading and/or Spelling Disorders in Children and Adolescents.

BACKGROUND 3-11% of children and adolescents suffer from a reading andor spelling disorder. Their poor written-language skills markedly impair their scholastic performance and are often associated with other mental disorders. A great deal of uncertainty still surrounds the question of the appropriate methods of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS We systematically searched for pertinent publications in databases and literature reference lists, summarized the evidence in six tables, and examined some of it in a meta-analysis. Recommendations were developed in a consensus conference. RESULTS A reading and/or spelling disorder should only be diagnosed if performance in these areas is below average. It should be determined whether an attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorder, or disorder of arithmetical skills is also present. Reading and spelling performance should be reinforced with systematic instruction about letter-sound and sound-letter correspondences, letter-syllable-morpheme synthesis, and sound-syllablemorpheme analysis (g' = 0.32) (recommendation grade A). Spelling ability responds best to spelling-rule training (recommendation grade A). Irlen lenses, visual and/or auditory perceptual training, hemispheric stimulation, piracetam, and prism spectacles should not be used (recommendation grade A). CONCLUSION Evidence- and consensus-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of reading and/or spelling disorders in children and adolescents are now available for the first time. Reading and spelling abilities should be systematically and comprehensively reinforced, and potential comorbid disorders should be sought and treated appropriately. The efficacy of many treatments now in use has not been documented; if they are to be used in the future, they must be tested in randomized, controlled trials. For adult sufferers, adequate diagnostic instruments and therapeutic methods are not yet available.
Effect of salcatonin given intranasally on early postmenopausal bone loss.

OBJECTIVE--To study the effect of salmon calcitonin (salcatonin) given intranasally on calcium and bone metabolism in early postmenopausal women. DESIGN--Double blind, placebo controlled, randomised group comparison. SETTING--Outpatient clinic for research into osteoporosis. SUBJECTS--52 Healthy women who had had a natural menopause two and a half to five years previously. INTERVENTIONS--The 52 women were allocated randomly to two years of treatment with either salcatonin 100IU given intranasally (n = 26) or placebo (n = 26). Both groups received a calcium supplement of 500 mg daily. Seven of the women receiving salcatonin and six of those receiving placebo left the study before its end. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Bone mineral content in the spine, the total skeleton, and the forearms after two years of treatment. RESULTS--Bone mineral content in the spine was significantly higher in the women who had received salcatonin than in those who had received placebo both after one year and after two years of treatment. After one year the difference was 3.8% (95% confidence interval 0.0 to 7.6%) and after two years it was 8.2% (3.8 to 12.6%). In contrast, the bone mineral content in the distal and proximal forearms and in the total skeleton declined similarly in both groups by about 2% each year, and after two years of treatment the differences between the groups were not significant. Biochemical estimates of bone turnover were not affected by salcatonin. CONCLUSION--The results suggest that salcatonin given intranasally in the dose used prevents bone loss in the spine of early post menopausal women but does not affect the peripheral skeleton.
A Kaposi ’ s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded Ortholog of MicroRNA miR-155 Induces Human Splenic B-Cell Expansion in NOD / LtSz-scid IL 2 R null Mice †

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that function as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a B-cell-tropic virus associated with KS and B-cell lymphomas, encodes 12 miRNA genes that are highly expressed in these tumor cells. One viral miRNA, miR-K12-11, shares 100% seed sequence homology with hsa-miR-155, an oncogenic human miRNA that functions as a key regulator of hematopoiesis and B-cell differentiation. So far, in vitro studies have shown that both miRNAs can regulate a common set of cellular target genes, suggesting that miR-K12-11 may mimic miR-155 function. To comparatively study miR-K12-11 and miR-155 function in vivo, we used a foamy virus vector to express the miRNAs in human hematopoietic progenitors and performed immune reconstitutions in NOD/LtSz-scid IL2R null mice. We found that ectopic expression of miR-K12-11 or miR-155 leads to a significant expansion of the CD19 B-cell population in the spleen. Subsequent quantitative PCR analyses of these splenic B cells revealed that C/EBP , a transcriptional regulator of interleukin-6 that is linked to B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, is downregulated when either miR-K12-11 or miR-155 is ectopically expressed. In addition, inhibition of miR-K12-11 function using antagomirs in KSHV-infected human primary effusion lymphoma B cells resulted in derepression of C/EBP transcript levels. This in vivo study validates miR-K12-11 as a functional ortholog of miR-155 in the context of hematopoiesis and suggests a novel mechanism by which KSHV miR-K12-11 induces splenic B-cell expansion and potentially KSHV-associated lymphomagenesis by targeting C/EBP .
Design and Implementation of Sequential Counters Using Reversible Logic Gates with Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

: This work presents all optical reversible implementation of sequential counters using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switches. With the advancements in semiconductor technology, there has been an increased emphasis in low-power design techniques over the last few decades. Reversible computing has been proposed by several researchers as a possible alternative to address the energy dissipation problem. Several implementation alternatives for reversible logic circuits have also been explored in recent years, like adiabatic logic, nuclear magnetic resonance, optical computing, etc. Recently researchers have proposed implementations of various reversible logic circuits in the all-optical computing domain. Most of these works are based on semiconductor optical ampliﬁer (SOA) based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), which provides desirable features like low power, fast switching and ease of fabrication. All the designs are implemented using minimum number of MZI switches and garbage outputs. This design ensures improved optical costs in reversible realization of all the counter circuits. The theoretical model is simulated to verify the functionality of the circuits. Design complexity of all the proposed memory elements has been analysed.
Novel SOI-Specific circuit form high-speed radiation-hardened memories

In all of th seven main memory components, the use of the novel SOI-specific sense amplifiers, memory-cells, and logic gates, envinced exceptionally speedy operations. This made possible fabrication and tests of complete memories which feature 2.2 GHz operational speed, 10-12 error/bit/day and 1 Mrad total dose hardness. The SOI memories can indeed provide substantially faster operations than their best bulk counterparts do.
indoo.rs CaLibre - Unsupervised database free RSSI calibration indoor navigation

Mobile indoor navigation systems, such as those provided by indoo.rs, often use WiFi or Bluetooth RSSI fingerprint maps, as this approach works on most mobile devices. Because of device and antenna characteristics, not all devices report the RSSI for a given input. Therefore, it is difficult to combine data from multiple devices. In the indoo.rs SLAM Crowd Engine, which is used to create the radio maps used for indoor navigation, this is a serious problem, as it fuses pseudonymous navigating user data from arbitrary devices.
Two‐stage spectral preconditioners for iterative eigensolvers

In this paper, we present preconditioning techniques to accelerate the convergence of Krylov solvers at each step of an Inexact Newton's method for the computation of the leftmost eigenpairs of large and sparse symmetric positive definite matrices arising in large‐scale scientific computations. We propose a two‐stage spectral preconditioning strategy: The first stage produces a very rough approximation of a number of the leftmost eigenvectors. The second stage uses these approximations as starting vectors and also to construct the tuned preconditioner from an initial inverse approximation of the coefficient matrix, as proposed by Martínez. In the framework of the Implicitly Restarted Lanczos method. The action of this spectral preconditioner results in clustering a number of the eigenvalues of the preconditioned matrices close to one. We also study the combination of this approach with a BFGS‐style updating of the proposed spectral preconditioner as described by Bergamaschi and Martínez. Extensive numerical testing on a set of representative large SPD matrices gives evidence of the acceleration provided by these spectral preconditioners.
Inhibition of superoxide production and chemotaxis by methotrexate in neutrophils primed by TNF‐α or LPS

Abstract: We have demonstrated recently that methotrexate (MTX) inhibits superoxide generation and chemotaxis induced by N‐formylmethionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) in neutrophils primed by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G–CSF). To extend these observations, we examined the in vitro effect of MTX on fMLP‐stimulated superoxide generation and chemotaxis in neutrophils primed by either tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MTX inhibited superoxide generation and chemotaxis more efficiently in TNF‐α‐or LPS‐primed neutrophils than in unprimed neutrophils. When either hypoxanthine or guanosine was added to the culture medium, the effects of MTX were partially counteracted. Furthermore, MTX caused a significant inhibition of both superoxide production induced by phorbol 12‐myristate‐13‐acetate and chemotaxis induced by interleukin 8 in G‐CSF‐primed neutrophils. These results may support the hypothesis that neutrophils primed by different stimuli are more susceptible to the inhibitory effects of MTX on superoxide generation and chemotaxis irrespective of chemoattractants. Such an effect can be partly attributed to the perturbation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis.
GCN5 and p300 share essential functions during early embryogenesis

Previous studies revealed that deletion of genes encoding the histone acetyltransferases GCN5, p300, or CBP results in embryonic lethality in mice. PCAF and GCN5 physically interact with p300 and CBP in vitro. To determine whether these two groups of histone acetyltransferases interact functionally in vivo, we created mice lacking one or more alleles of p300, GCN5, or PCAF. As expected, we found that mice heterozygous for any single null allele are viable. The majority of GCN5+/−p300+/− mice also survive to adulthood with no apparent abnormalities. However, ∼25% of these mice die before birth. These embryos are developmentally stunted and exhibit increased apoptosis compared with wild‐type or single GCN5+/− or p300+/− littermates at embryonic day 8.5. In contrast, no abnormalities were observed in PCAF−/− p300+/− mice. Of interest, we find that p300 protein levels vary in different mouse genetic backgrounds, which likely contributes to the incomplete penetrance of the abnormal phenotype of GCN5+/− p300+/− mice. Our data indicate that p300 cooperates specifically with GCN5 to provide essential functions during early embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 233:1337–1347, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance of Earth Station Antennas Located in a Clutter Environment

Until fairly recently satellite earth stations antenna were located in open sites and so any performance degradation due to clutter was negligible. However, the growing demand of satellite communication services has resulted in a need for more ground stations, which are often located in compact urban sites. Moreover once an urban site is chosen there is strong economic and urban planning pressure to place as many earth station antennas on that site as possible. This means that clutter resulting from nearby buildings as well as other earth stations can become a serious problem, degrading the antenna pattern such that it can be outside the allowed specification of a given satellite operator. We report here an efficient technique to analyze the performance of an earth station antenna located in a clutter environment.
Cross-genome knowledge-based expression data fusion

This paper presents the web tool XGENE.ORG which facilitates the integration of gene expression measurements with background genomic information, in particular the gene ontology and KEGG pathways. The novelty of the proposed data fusion is in the introduction of working units at different levels of generality acting as sample features, replacing the commonly used gene units, consequently allowing for cross-genome (multi-platform) expression data analysis. The integration of different microarray platforms contributes to the robustness of knowledge extracted when single-platform samples are rare and facilitates inference of biological knowledge not constrained to single organisms.
Analysis and Performance Evaluation of 1-bit Full Adder Using Different Topologies

An adder is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers and it plays an important role in today’s digital world. In processors and other kinds of computing devices, Adders are used in the arithmetic logic units. They are also utilized in other parts of the processors for calculating addresses, table indices, increment and decrement operations and other similar operations because it is the basic building block of on-chip libraries. Also, it can be used for the construction of many number representations and it is a trivial to modify an adder into an adder-subtractor. Full adder reduces circuit complexity and can be integrated in the calculators for addition and subtraction operations. At DSP oriented system and at networking side full adder is used mostly. Full adders can be cascaded (e.g.: ripple carry adder) easily so that one can make a cascade to add any number of bits that form the word-width of a system. In recent years, low power circuit design has been encountered as a major issue in VLSI design areas. This paper focuses on the Performance evaluation of 1-bit full adder for low power in CMOS technology using three different topologies as Static or Conventional CMOS, Gate Diffusion Input (GDI), and Hybridizing PTL (Pass Transistor Logic) techniques. This paper describes comparison of these three topologies of 1-bit full adder based on area, delay, power consumption and transistor count. Simulations are done using NgSPICE and MICROWIND DSCH tool. Keywords— CMOS Technology, Full Adder, Conventional or static logic, GDI logic, PTL, Hybridizing PTL, NMOS, PMOS, Pull up and pull down transistors, Multiplexer, sleep transistor, Xor gate, Xnor gate, SPICE, MICROWIND.
Autonomous Decisional High-level Planning for UAVs-based Forest-fire Localization

This paper addresses the problem of forest-fire localization using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Due to the fast deployment of UAVs, it is practical to use them. In forest fires, usually the area to explore is unknown. Thus, existing studies use an automatic or semi-automatic exploration strategy following a zig-zag sweep pattern or expanding spiral search pattern. However, such an approach is not optimal in terms of exploration time since the mission execution and achievement in an unknown environment requires autonomous vehicle decision and control. This paper presents an enhanced approach for the fire localization mission via a decisional strategy considering a probabilistic model that uses the temperature to estimate the distance towards the forest fire. The UAV optimizes its trajectory according to the state of the forest-fire knowledge by using a map to represent its knowledge and updates it at each exploration step. We show in this paper that our planning and control methodology for forest-fire localization is efficient. Simulation results are carried out to evaluate the feasibility of the generated paths by the proposed methodology.
Developing a Transition Parser for the Arabic Language

One of the most important Characteristics of the Arabic language is the exhaustive undertaking. Thus, analyzing Arabic sentences is difficult because of the length of sentences and the numerous structural complexities. This research aims at developing an Arabic parser and lexicon. A lexicon has been developed with the goal of analyzing and extracting the attributes of Arabic words. The parser was written by using a top–down algorithm parsing technique with recursive transition network. Then, the parser has been evaluated against real sentences and the outcomes were satisfactory.
C3 proactivator (C3PA) as an acute phase reactant.

C3PA levels were measured sequentially in four patients prior to and following general anaesthesia and surgery, and in twenty patients with active inflammatory diseases. Elevated levels (+70% and +60%, respectively) were observed in both patient groups, indicating that C3PA is a potent acute phase reactant. Peak levels were seen 4 days following surgery, 1–2 days after the peak of the C-reactive protein response. C3PA, along with C1s, were the complement proteins which of those tested showed the greatest elevation during the acute phase response. We conclude that the serum C3PA level should be interpreted with consideration of its role as an acute phase reactant.
Activation and proliferation of follicular dendritic cell-like cells by activated T lymphocytes.

Follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like cell lines (HK cells) from human tonsils were established to investigate the functional role of FDC in the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles. Although HK cells exhibited CD21, CD23, DRC-1, CD40, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and HJ2 that were expressed on human tonsilar FDC at early stages of establishment, they lost DRC-1, CD21, and CD23 within 3 days of culture. Morphologic and functional characterization studies suggest that HK cells are quite distinct from fibroblasts. The growth requirement of HK cells is different from the previously reported FDC-like cell lines. Functionally, these cells bound B cells but not T cells, and supported B cell proliferation. The culture supernatants of HK cells had costimulatory activity on the proliferation of anti-mu- or anti-CD40-activated B cells, and the activity dramatically increased after 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate stimulation. Interestingly, anti-CD3 Ab activated T cell bound to HK cells, inducing the phenotypic changes and the growth of HK cells. The T-HK cell interactions not only involve the well known adhesion ligand/receptor pathways (VLA-4/VCAM-1 and LFA-1/ICAM-1), but also involve CD40-CD40 ligand as shown by inhibitory effect of soluble CD40 (CD40.Fc). The cellular interactions between T and HK cells and cytokine production suggest that activated T cells not only stimulate resting B cells directly, but also support B cell maturation indirectly by stimulating the development of FDC. Hence HK cells may be useful in identifying the surface molecules and cytokines of FDC involved in the GC formation.