Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study of Body Size and Breast Cancer in Black Women

The relation of body mass index (BMI) and weight gain to breast cancer risk is complex, and little information is available on Black women, among whom the prevalence of obesity is high. We assessed BMI and weight gain in relation to breast cancer risk in prospective data from the Black Women's Health Study. In 1995, 59,000 African American women enrolled in the Black Women's Health Study by completing mailed questionnaires. Data on anthropometric factors were obtained at baseline and every 2 years afterwards. In 10 years of follow-up, 1,062 incident cases of breast cancer occurred. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. BMI at age 18 years of ≥25 relative to <20 was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer among both premenopausal women (IRR, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.98) and postmenopausal women (IRR, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.81). There was an inverse association of current BMI with premenopausal breast cancer but no association with postmenopausal breast cancer, either overall or among never-users of hormone therapy. Weight gain was not associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk. In analyses restricted to breast cancers that were estrogen and progesterone receptor positive, IRRs for current BMI and weight gain were elevated but not statistically significant. The findings indicate that being overweight at age 18 years is associated with a reduced risk of both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer in African American women. Understanding the reasons for the association may help elucidate the pathways through which adolescent exposures influence breast cancer risk. The lack of association of obesity with receptor-negative tumors in postmenopausal African American women may partially explain why breast cancer incidence in older Black women is not high relative to other ethnic groups in spite of the high prevalence of obesity in Black women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(9):1795–802)
Characterization of an Interferon-stimulated Response Element (ISRE) in the Il23a Promoter*

We have demonstrated previously that IFN-γ plays a protective role in the initiation of chronic intestinal inflammation through attenuation of Toll-like receptor-mediated IL-23 induction in macrophages. Here, an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) is identified in a region of conserved nucleotide sequences in the Il23a promoter. This ISRE mediated, in part, Il23a promoter induction by LPS and inhibition of LPS-induced activity by IFN-γ. LPS and IFN-γ recruit interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) to the Il23a ISRE in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). Functionally, IRF-1 is a negative regulator of Il23a in LPS-stimulated BMMs. IRF-1−/− BMMs demonstrated enhanced LPS-induced Il23a expression compared with WT BMMs. Moreover, IRF-1 deficiency resulted in prolonged occupancy of RelA on the Il23a promoter. Consequently, IRF-1−/− mice were more susceptible to colonic injury by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, and IL-10/IRF-1 double-deficient (IL-10/IRF-1−/−) mice demonstrated more severe colonic inflammation compared with IL-10−/− mice. The severity of colitis in both models correlated with increased colonic IL-23. CD11b+ lamina propria mononuclear cells, comprising predominantly macrophages, were identified as the major source of IL-23 in colitis-prone mice. Basal and heat-killed Escherichia coli-stimulated levels of Il23a were increased in IL-10/IRF-1−/− compared with WT and IL-10−/− colonic CD11b+ lamina propria mononuclear cells. In conclusion, these experiments characterize IRF-ISRE interactions on the Il23a promoter, which have in vivo relevance as a homeostatic checkpoint in chronic intestinal inflammation.
The Ets Factor Etv1 Interacts with Tpit Protein for Pituitary Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) Gene Transcription*

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is expressed in two lineages of the pituitary, the anterior lobe corticotrophs and the intermediate lobe melanotrophs. POMC expression in these two lineages is highly dependent on the cell-restricted transcription factor Tpit. As Tpit intervenes relatively late in differentiation of those lineages, we have been searching for other transcription factors that may participate in their gene expression program. On the basis of similarity with the Tpit expression profile, we identified Ets variant gene 1 (Etv1/Er81) as a putative POMC transcription factor. Using Etv1-lacZ knockin mice, we describe preferential Etv1 expression in pituitary POMC cells and also in posterior lobe pituicytes. We further show that Etv1 enhances POMC transcription on its own and in synergy with Tpit. The Ets-binding site located within the Tpit/Pitx regulatory element is necessary for Etv1 activity in POMC-expressing AtT-20 cells but dispensable for synergy with Tpit. Etv1 and Tpit interact together in coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Furthermore, Etv1 is present at the POMC promoter, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of Etv1 in AtT-20 cells produces a significant decrease in POMC expression. Etv1 knockout pituitaries show normal POMC cell distribution and normal POMC mRNA abundance, suggesting compensation by other factors. The coordinate expression of Etv1 with POMC cell differentiation and its interaction with the highly cell-restricted Tpit factor indicate that Etv1 participates in a combinatorial code for pituitary cell-specific gene expression.
A gateway for linking local area networks and X.25 networks

This paper describes the hardware and software architecture of a gateway between an Ethernet-style local area network called Strathnet and an X.25 packet switched network (British Telecom's PSS). The hardware is based on a Motorola 68000 processor using the VME bus, and peripheral boards based on an 8-bit 68120/1 processor for the local network and the X.25 interfaces. The software is layered from the low-level executive, through the three X.25 levels and the transport layer, and through the corresponding layers on the local network side, to the bridging software itself. Both hardware and software are designed so that the system can be a general-purpose gateway: for example, the local area network peripheral board could be replaced by a ring type interface, and the software within the local network layers could similarly be replaced.
Psychological benefits of virtual reality for patients in rehabilitation therapy.

CONTEXT Whether virtual rehabilitation is beneficial has not been determined. OBJECTIVE To investigate the psychological benefits of virtual reality in rehabilitation. DESIGN An experimental group underwent therapy with a virtual-reality-based exercise bike, and a control group underwent the therapy without virtual-reality equipment. SETTING Hospital laboratory. PATIENTS 30 patients suffering from spinal-cord injury. INTERVENTION A designed rehabilitation therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Endurance, Borg's rating-of-perceived-exertion scale, the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List (AD-ACL), and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire. RESULTS The differences between the experimental and control groups were significant for AD-ACL calmness and tension. CONCLUSION A virtual-reality-based rehabilitation program can ease patients' tension and induce calm.
Advanced Evasion Techniques: Weapon of Mass Destruction or Absolute Dud?

© 2010 Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. or its affiliates. This publication may not be reproduced or distributed in any form without Gartner's prior written permission. The information contained in this publication has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Gartner disclaims all warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of such information and shall have no liability for errors, omissions or inadequacies in such information. This publication consists of the opinions of Gartner's research organization and should not be construed as statements of fact. The opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. Although Gartner research may include a discussion of related legal issues, Gartner does not provide legal advice or services and its research should not be construed or used as such. Gartner is a public company, and its shareholders may include firms and funds that have financial interests in entities covered in Gartner research. Gartner's Board of Directors may include senior managers of these firms or funds. Gartner research is produced independently by its research organization without input or influence from these firms, funds or their managers. For further information on the independence and integrity of Gartner research, see "Guiding Principles on Independence and Objectivity" on its website, http://www.gartner. com/technology/about/ombudsman/omb_guide2. jsp Advanced Evasion Techniques: Weapon of Mass Destruction or Absolute Dud?
Business Visualization Applications

Three-dimensional computer graphics can be extremely expressive. With the correct approach to a layout's visual design, people can quickly and easily comprehend large amounts of information. You can convey far more information in 3D than with 2D bar charts, or rows and columns of numbers. This article provides examples of information visualization applications in several industries, including the capital markets, retail banking, manufacturing, and consumer product goods. These examples help show what it means to put abstract information in 3D and what benefits result.
The TRAIL to an anti-cancer agent.

ell death receptors such as Fas/APO1/CD95 or the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor#1 (TNFR1) are potent inducers of apoptosis once overexpressed or engaged by their respective ligands Fas or Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) (see 1 and 2 for review). As systemic agents for cancer therapy, however, Fas and TNF have major limitations that have kept them out of the clinical armamentarium, namely side effects due to their lack of specificity for killing cancer cells. The TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an exciting newcomer because it appears to specifically kill transformed and cancer cells but not normal cells (Fig. 1). Clues as to why TRAIL does not kill normal cells began to surface in 1997 when two TRAIL decoy receptors (TRID, Truncated Intracellular Domain, and TRUNDD, Truncated Death Domain) were cloned. These decoys were found to be expressed more on normal as compared to cancer cells and suggested to bind and compete away TRAIL from binding its two proapoptotic signaling receptors (DR4 and KILLER/DR5). Because of its promise, work has rapidly progressed to determine the feasibility and potential safety of bringing TRAIL into clinical trials. In the February 1999 issue of Nature Medicine, the group at Immunex Corporation led by David H.Lynch presents evidence for the safety and potential efficacy of TRAIL therapy against breast cancer in a Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model. They generated a recombinant molecule that has a modified leucine zipper (LZ) fused to either murine or human TRAIL (LZ-TRAIL). The leucine zipper permits trimerization of the soluble TRAIL cytokine which is believed to enhance its biological effects. In cell culture, the human LZ-TRAIL had no toxicity towards human mammary epithelial cells, human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells, normal human lung fibroblasts, or human skeletal muscle cells while demonstrating toxicity towards MDA-231 mammary adenocarcinoma cells at concentrations greater than 10 ng/ml LZ-TRAIL. Interestingly, LZ-TRAIL displayed a similar toxicity towards normal human astrocytes in culture. Intravenous injection of 200 μg of human LZ-TRAIL had no reported toxicity up to 24 h as assessed by observation and hematoxylin and eosin staining of liver and brain, whereas mice that received 50 μg of human LZ-CD95L (leucine zipper-Fas ligand fusion protein) were moribund within 55 min due to massive hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis and hemorrhage. Systemic administration of LZ-TRAIL twice daily for 10 days after intraperitoneal inoculation of CB17-SCID mice with 10 million MDA-231 breast cancer cells prolonged survival (all control mice were dead by 40–50 days whereas in C
Central Fatigue in Sports and Daily Exercises. A Magnetic Stimulation Study

Previous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies showed exercise-induced depression of motor evoked potentials (MEP). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in MEP size and central motor conduction time (CMCT) after various kinds of exercise of daily life and sports. Changes of both central and peripheral motor conduction were recorded immediately after predominantly aerobic (climbing stairs and jogging) and anaerobic (press-ups, dumb-bell holding, and 400 m-run) exercise. Strength exercise resulted in a significant decrease of MEP amplitudes. Exhausting press-ups reduced the mean MEP amplitude by 33% as compared to pre-exercise value, exhausting dumb-bell holding reduced the mean MEP amplitude by 66%. Aerobic exercises (climbing 600 steps and jogging 50 minutes) did not significantly change MEP amplitudes. The compound motor action potentials (registered after supramaximal peripheral electrical stimulation) remained unchanged after each paradigm. CMCT was not significantly altered by any of the exercises under investigation. Peripheral motor conduction time (PMCT) was slightly lengthened by 4% after isometric dumb-bell holding. PMCT and total motor conduction time were decreased after aerobic exercises, probably due to an increase of temperature of the lower extremities. In conclusion, TMS is a suitable technique for objective evaluation of central fatigue. The present study is the first to show its possible use in sports medicine, indicating that only exhaustive or strength exercises result in reduced MEPs.
The Emergent Malignant Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome

We thank Drs Esquinas and BaHamman for their thoughtful letter. The purpose of our article was 2-fold. First, to describe the features of the malignant obesity hypoventilation syndrome (MOHS), emphasizing that this is a multisystem disease. Our second objective was to highlight that this disorder is underappreciated and frequently misdiagnosed. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) was classically described as Pickwickian syndrome in a case report by Burwell, in 1956. This patient resembled a character depicted by Dickens in his story, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, because both were obese with excessive hypersomnolence. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is currently defined as the presence of awake hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg) in the obese patient (body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m) after other causes that could account for awake hypoventilation, such as lung or neuromuscular disease, have been excluded (normal PaCO2 is 35-45 mmHg). While sleep-related breathing disorders are common in patients with OHS, this is not a defining feature. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is distinguished from the overlap syndrome which is the term used to describe the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and OSA. Defined criteria to quantify the severity of OHS do not exist in the literature. Cabrera-Lacalzada and Diaz-Lobato have proposed grading patients with OHS as mild, moderate, or severe based on 5 factors, namely, PaCO2, PaO2, BMI, apnea–hypopnea index, and complications/comorbidities. While useful for describing the severity of OHS, this classification does not adequately incorporate the features of MOHS. We would therefore consider MOHS to be a subset of patients with severe OHS. Drs Esquinas and BaHamman correctly note that polysomnography (PSG) had been previously performed in less than half of our patients. Most of our patients had been misdiagnosed with COPD; this may partly have accounted for their inadequate diagnostic workup. However, it needs to be acknowledged that in the United States, medical insurance carriers do not reimburse PSG for inpatients (patients are required to be discharged from an acute care hospital and then subsequently admitted to a sleep facility as an outpatient). Due to this bizarre administrative problem, it is difficult to obtain a PSG in our patients with MOHS, many of whom do not leave the hospital for long enough to undergo a PSG or fail to return for their PSG. Furthermore, the lack of medical insurance compounds the problem.
Co-isolation of extracellular vesicles and high-density lipoproteins using density gradient ultracentrifugation

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate intercellular communication by carrying bioactive molecules such as proteins, messenger RNA, and micro (mi)RNAs. Recently, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) isolated from human plasma were also reported to transport miRNA to other cells. HDL, when isolated from human plasma, ranges in density between 1.063 and 1.21 g/mL, which grossly overlap with the reported density of EVs. Consequently, HDL and EV will be co-isolated when using density gradient ultracentrifugation. Thus, more stringent isolation/separation procedures of EV and HDL are essential to know their relative contribution to the pool of circulating bioactive molecules.
DNA Replication Timing.

Patterns of replication within eukaryotic genomes correlate with gene expression, chromatin structure, and genome evolution. Recent advances in genome-scale mapping of replication kinetics have allowed these correlations to be explored in many species, cell types, and growth conditions, and these large data sets have allowed quantitative and computational analyses. One striking new correlation to emerge from these analyses is between replication timing and the three-dimensional structure of chromosomes. This correlation, which is significantly stronger than with any single histone modification or chromosome-binding protein, suggests that replication timing is controlled at the level of chromosomal domains. This conclusion dove tails with parallel work on the heterogeneity of origin firing and the competition between origins for limiting activators to suggest a model in which the stochastic probability of individual origin firing is modulated by chromosomal domain structure to produce patterns of replication. Whether these patterns have inherent biological functions or simply reflect higher-order genome structure is an open question.
Millennials, Social Networking, and Trust

Trust in exchanges is an important concept in business and has become of topic of some interest in e-commerce. Substantial work has been done on how institutional mechanisms, technology, wordof-mouth, and numerous other variables affect trust in a website and potential customers’ willingness to conduct business there. This study continues that line of research by considering how the millennial generation perceives the trustworthiness of three types of online sites: a retailer, an auction site, and a social networking site. Little work has been done on whether social network sites have more or less trust than other types of websites and what aspects of trust are affected. Given the broad trend toward utilizing these social network sites for commercial purposes, it makes sense to assess how targeted users view and interact with them. This study presents preliminary data on all of these issues, suggesting that there do appear to be differences between social network sites and more traditional online vendors.
A Robot System for Pruning Grape Vines

This paper describes a robot system for the automatic pruning of grape vines. A mobile platform straddles the row of vines, and it images them with trinocular stereo cameras as it moves. A computer vision system builds a three‐dimensional (3D) model of the vines, an artificial intelligence (AI) system decides which canes to prune, and a six degree‐of‐freedom robot arm makes the required cuts. The system is demonstrated cutting vines in the vineyard. The main contributions of this paper are the computer vision system that builds 3D vine models, and the test of the complete‐integrated system. The vine models capture the structure of the plants so that the AI system can decide where to prune, and they are accurate enough that the robot arm can reach the required cuts. Vine models are reconstructed by matching features between images, triangulating feature matches to give a 3D model, then optimizing the model and the robot's trajectory jointly (incremental bundle adjustment). Trajectories are estimated online at 0.25 m/s, and they have errors below 1% when modeling a 96 m row of 59 vines. Pruning each vine requires the robot arm to cut an average of 8.4 canes. A collision‐free trajectory for the arm is planned in intervals of 1.5 s/vine with a rapidly exploring random tree motion planner. The total time to prune one vine is 2 min in field trials, which is similar to human pruners, and it could be greatly reduced with a faster arm. Trials also show that the long chain of interdependent components limits reliability. A commercially feasible pruning robot should stop and prune each vine in turn.
Improving the Quality of Knowledge Levels Through Maturity Model in SME of Services

The aim of the paper is to show possibility of using knowledge management maturity model (KMMM) for knowledge processes assessment. As a support tool for increasing quality of the knowledge processes can be used mainly PDCA cycle and Kolb's learning cycle. PDCA cycle ensures creation of new knowledge and Kolb's cycle ensures improving the quality of existing knowledge. ISO 9001 standard can provide documentation of knowledge. Important is perception management knowledge like never-ending and continuously improving process. JEL Classification Code: E220.
HUBUNGAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DENGAN KINERJA USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH DI MALAYSIA

This research is intended to measure an influence between the implementation ofAccounting Information System (AIS) in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) inMalaysia and effectiveness of performance in SMEs. All of this research is based ona survey conducted by empirical evidence that has been done in the Small andMedium Enterprises in select in Malaysia base on criteria in sample method.Moreover, to achieve the aims of this study, the framework or some hypothesis havedeveloped in accordance with previous research and literature review. Finding in thisresearch got the same result with previous researches that have positive relationsbetween the AIS and effectiveness performance of SMEs in Malaysia. For theconclusion, this research proved that SMEs has implemented AIS show a betterperformance, especially in the decision making process, internal control, and qualityof financial report. This Research has implications for Small and MediumEnterprises, literature, academic and non-academic and also for study in the future. Key work: Accounting Information System and Organization Performance