Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Casper: Debugging Null Dereferences with Ghosts and Causality Traces

Fixing a software error requires understanding its root cause. In this paper, we introduce "causality traces", crafted execution traces augmented with the information needed to reconstruct the causal chain from the root cause of a bug to an execution error. We propose an approach and a tool, called Casper, for dynamically constructing causality traces for null dereference errors. The core idea of Casper is to inject special values, called "ghosts", into the execution stream to construct the causality trace at runtime. We evaluate our contribution by providing and assessing the causality traces of 14 real null dereference bugs collected over six large, popular open-source projects. Over this data set, Casper builds a causality trace in less than 5 seconds.
Latent tree structure learning for cross-document coreference resolution

Cross Document Coreference Resolution (CDCR) is the problem of learning which mentions, coming from several different documents, correspond to the same entity. This thesis approaches the CDCR problem by first turning it into a structure learning problem. A latent tree structure, in which leaves correspond to observed mentions and internal nodes correspond to latent sub-entities, is learned. A greedy clustering heuristic can then be used to select subtrees from the learned tree structure as entities. As with other structure learning problems, it is prudent to envoke Occam's razor and perform regularization to obtain the simplest hypothesis. When the state space consists of tree structures, we can impose a bias on the possible structure. Different aspects of tree structure (i.e. number of edges, depth of the leaves, etc.) can be penalized in these models to improve the generalization of thes models. This thesis draws upon these ideas to provide a new model for CDCR. To learn parameters, we implement a parameter estimation algorithm based on existing stochastic gradient-descent based algorithms and show how to further tune regularization parameters. The latent tree structure is then learned using MCMC inference. We show how structural regularization plays a critical role in the inference procedure. Finally, we empirically show that our model out-performs previous work, without using a sophisticated set of features. Thesis Supervisor: Leslie P. Kaelbling Title: Panasonic Professor of Computer Science and Engineering
Workflow-centric research objects: First class citizens in scholarly discourse.

A workflow-centric research object bundles a workflow, the provenance of the results obtained by its enactment, other digital objects that are relevant for the experiment (papers, datasets, etc.), and annotations that semantically describe all these objects. In this paper, we propose a model to specify workflow-centric research objects, and show how the model can be grounded using semantic technologies and existing vocabularies, in particular the Object Reuse and Exchange (ORE) model and the Annotation Ontology (AO). We describe the life-cycle of a research object, which resembles the life-cycle of a scientific experiment.
Atlas of the Rabbit Brain and Spinal Cord

We may not be able to make you love reading, but atlas of the rabbit brain and spinal cord pdf will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.
Information visualization: perception for design by Colin Ware

Most designers know that yellow text presented against a blue background reads clearly and easily, but how many can explain why, and what really are the best ways to help others and ourselves clearly see key patterns in a bunch of data? When we use software, access a website, or view business or scientific graphics, our understanding is greatly enhanced or impeded by the way the information is presented. This book explores the art and science of why we see objects the way we do. Based on the science of perception and vision, the author presents the key principles at work for a wide range of applications--resulting in visualization of improved clarity, utility, and persuasiveness. The book offers practical guidelines that can be applied by anyone: interaction designers, graphic designers of all kinds (including web designers), data miners, and financial analysts. Complete update of the recognized source in industry, research, and academic for applicable guidance on information visualizing. Includes the latest research and state of the art information on multimedia presentation. More than 160 explicit design guidelines based on vision science. A new final chapter that explains the process of visual thinking and how visualizations help us to think about problems. Packed with over 400 informative full color illustrations, which are key to understanding of the subject. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Foundations for an Applied Science of Data Visualization Chapter 2. The Environment, Optics, Resolution, and the Display Chapter 3. Lightness, Brightness, Contrast and Constancy Chapter 4. Color Chapter 5. Visual Salience and Finding Information Chapter 6. Static and Moving Patterns Chapter 7. Space Perception Chapter 8. Visual Objects and Data Objects Chapter 9. Images, Narrative, and Gestures for Explanation Chapter 10. Interacting with Visualizations Chapter 11. Visual Thinking Processes
Analysis of a pml method applied to computation of resonances in open systems and acoustic scattering problems

Analysis of a PML Method Applied to Computation of Resonances in Open Systems and Acoustic Scattering Problems. (August 2009) Seungil Kim, B.S., Seoul National University; M.S., Seoul National University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Joseph E. Pasciak We consider computation of resonances in open systems and acoustic scattering problems. These problems are posed on an unbounded domain and domain truncation is required for the numerical computation. In this paper, a perfectly matched layer (PML) technique is proposed for computation of solutions to the unbounded domain problems. For resonance problems, resonance functions are characterized as improper eigenfunction (non-zero solutions of the eigenvalue problem which are not square integrable) of the Helmholtz equation on an unbounded domain. We shall see that the application of the spherical PML converts the resonance problem to a standard eigenvalue problem on the infinite domain. Then, the goal will be to approximate the eigenvalues first by replacing the infinite domain by a finite computational domain with a convenient boundary condition and second by applying finite elements to the truncated problem. As approximation of eigenvalues of problems on a bounded domain is classical [12], we will focus on the convergence of eigenvalues of the (continuous) PML truncated problem to those of the infinite PML problem. Also, it will be shown that the domain truncation does not produce spurious eigenvalues provided that the size of computational domain is sufficiently large. The spherical PML technique has been successfully applied for approximation of scattered waves [13]. We develop an analysis for the case of a Cartesian PML
Comparative study of License Plate Recognition

License Plate Recognition (LPR) is the most interesting and challenging area of research due to its importance to a wide range of commercial application. It is known that the number plates differ in shape and size. License plate recognition (LPR) is an image processing technology used to extract vehicle information from their license plates. There are three modules in license plate recognition system. 1) Detection 2) Character segmentation 3) Character recognition. There are many techniques for license plate detection, each having its own advantages and drawbacks. The basic step of license plate detection is localization of number plate. This paper compares morphological method, histogram based method and mathematical morphology methods of license plate detection. Character segmentation is done by using connected component and thresholding method. Character recognition is done by template matching method. The aim of this paper is to study and evaluates some of the most important license plate recognition algorithms. Keywords— License plate localization, Morphological operation, Character segmentation, License plate recognition.
Multimodality and the future of Personal Assistants

The purpose of this thesis is twofold. Firstly, as it is essential to appreciate the different modalities involved in Human to Human or Human to Machine communication, the thesis starts with an overview of the basic Human and Machine communication theories before introducing the related Multimodality theory and progressing to present the Personal Assistant Model. Secondly with regard to multimodality specifically, the thesis continues to forecast the evolution paths that Personal Assistant (PA) will likely take. By choosing the Delphi Method to research the possible PAs evolution, many interviews were conducted individually with experts and these interviews were analyzed and organized according to the method’s approach. The interview outcomes are presented, which in turn help to form the conclusion of the thesis on the likely future of Personal Assistants. The main finding is that the PAs need to be more intelligent in the future and the means to achieve more intelligence may be to incorporate multimodality in the future PAs. The conclusion of the study is that the future PAs are likely to appear in smart home environments or in help desk functions in the banking and finance sector.
Peer Response in Second Language Writing Classrooms

Peer response in which students work together to provide feedback on one another's writing in both written and oral formats through active engagement with each other's progress over multiple drafts, has been discussed in L2 writing literature since the early 1980s. While peer response activities have now become a common feature of L2 writing instruction, much of the research in peer response studies presents conflicting data. There is a need for a comprehensive survey of it in an effort to help teachers sort out what may or may not be useful to them in the classroom. "Peer Response in Second Language Writing Classrooms" was written to fill that void. "Peer Response in Second Language Writing Classrooms" will provide teachers with practical guidelines for making peer response effective in the classroom and will offer a theoretical grounding on the purposes and importance of peer review, or feedback, as it relates to current writing instruction pedagogy.
A Comment on Language Is a Complex Adaptive System: Position Paper

Language has a fundamentally social function. Processes of human interaction along with domain-general cognitive processes shape the structure and knowledge of language. Recent research in the cognitive sciences has demonstrated that patterns of use strongly affect how language is acquired, is used, and changes. These processes are not independent of one another but are facets of the same complex adaptive system (CAS). Language as a CAS involves the following key features: The system consists of multiple agents (the speakers in the speech community) interacting with one another.
From Facebook To Folsom Prison Blues: How Banning Laptops In The Classroom Made Me A Better Law School Teacher

This article reports on the recent scientific research, as well as summarizing the data collected by the author, on the use of laptops in the classroom. In addition, the author discusses how implementing a no-laptop policy was the genesis of a more contemplative approach to teaching. The article describes the author's adoption of a variety of teaching techniques, based on learning theory and findings about good teaching, in order to meet the legitimate student needs for a laptop, while creating a laptop-free classroom environment. Because of the continued controversy over laptops in the classroom, and the broader discourse concerning the deficiencies in legal education found in the Carnegie Foundation's report, Educating Lawyers: Preparations for the Profession of Law (2007) and the results of the Law School Survey of Student Engagement, this article shifts the debate about laptops in the classroom to a discussion that addresses the changes in law school teaching, which are necessary in educating more competent and skilled attorneys.
Book Reviews : People and Computers: The Impacts of Computing on End Users in Organizations

Social scientists seeking empirical knowledge of the effects of computer use in organizations continue to rely on the findings of the University of California, Irvine's Urban Information Systems Project. Danziger and Kraemer's book is one result of that project and a recent addition to the CORPS (Computing, Organizations, Policy, and Society) monograph series, which promises to have a major impact on the sociology of computing literature. Their research includes a detailed 1975 survey of computer use in the governments of all large U.S. cities and counties, supplemented by systematic field studies of 42 municipal governments and 50 additional exploratory case studies chosen for their particular interest. Besides being a model of clearly designed and presented survey research, this book transcends many of survey research's limitations by incorporating direct observation, in-depth interview material, and the authors' considerable personal experience with computing in organizations. Despite its quantitative focus, this is a remarkably readable book of interest to readers concerned with the qualitative dimensions of computer use. It would also be suitable for students in a graduate or advanced undergraduate class.
Edge preservation evaluation of digital speckle filters

This paper makes three contributions. It clarifies the definition of edge preservation in SAR images. The definition of edge preservation is important for edge preservation evaluation of digital speckle filters. Only if the definition of edge preservation is reasonable, can the edge preservation evaluation be successfully performed. Second, an algorithm to evaluate edge preservation of digital speckle filters is proposed. Third, we analyze the reason why the enhanced Lee, enhanced Frost, gamma, and Kuan filters cannot effectively preserve edges. The main contribution in this paper is that we clarified the difference between edge preservation and edge point preservation. It is important to develop new methods to reduce speckle in SAR images, which can successfully preserve edges in smoothed images.
Design of petroleum company's metadata and an effective knowledge mapping methodology

Success of information flow depends on intelligent datastorage and its management in a multi-disciplinaryenvironment. Multi-dimensional data entities, data typesand ambiguous semantics, often pose uncertainty andinconsistency in data retrieval from volumes of petroleumdata sources. In our approach, conceptual schemas andsub-schemas have been described based on variousoperational functions of the petroleum industry. Theseschemas are integrated, to ensure their consistency andvalidity, so that the information retrieved from anintegrated metadata (in the form of a data warehouse)structure derives its authenticity from its implementation.The data integration process validating the petroleummetadata has been demonstrated for one of the Gulfoffshore basins for an effective knowledge mapping andinterpreting it successfully for the derivation of usefulgeological knowledge. Warehoused data are used formining data patterns, trends and correlations amongknowledge-base data attributes that led to interpretation ofinteresting geological features. These technologies appearto be more amenable for exploration of more petroleumresources in the mature gulf basins.
Clustering of Microarray Data to Identify Enriched Go Terms of Genes in Severe Asthma Dataset using Gene Enrichment Analy

Objective: The main objective of the research paper is to identify gene enrichment analysis of clustered genes from asthma microarray dataset that are clustered using k-means clustering algorithm. The enrichment analysis is used to assign biological meaning to some group of genes and in this paper the gene enrichment analysis is done using Gene Ontology terms. Method: The proposed research work consists of two-fold task: clustering gene expression profile using K-Means clustering algorithm; conducting Gene Enrichment Analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) to identify the enriched GO terms in each cluster with respect to specific set of Molecular Functions, Biological Processes and Cellular Components; Gene Ontology is used to provide external validation for the clusters to determine if the genes in a cluster belong to the specific functionalities. The most significant or enriched GO terms are extracted based on P-Value metric and the most enriched GO terms are visualized for genes in each cluster by using graph. Finding: The asthma microarray dataset contains 41,000 genes and out of that only 9,425 genes are considered for clustering process after preprocessing task. The series of preprocessing tasks certainly helpful to improve and predicts the accurate results. The experimental result of the research work produces the 3 sets of clusters and the first cluster set with 4 clusters have the number of genes 1720, 2636, 2458 and 2611 respectively. Similarly, the other two cluster sets numbers of genes are identified. The gene enrichment analysis is conducted for each cluster in the cluster set based on top most significant molecular functions GO terms enriched in each cluster. The most significant GO terms have been identified based on the P-value metric and associations among top most significant GO terms are visualized in each cluster.
ALGORITMOS DE PROCESAMIENTO DE IMÁGENES SATELITALES CON TRANFORMADA HOUGH IMAGE PROCESSING ALGORITHMS FOR SATELLITE WITH HOUGH TRANSFORM

La segmentacion es uno de los pilares del tratamiento digital de imagenesque involucra un conjunto de tecnicas con el objetivo de mejorarla calidad o facilitar la busqueda de informacion; multiples procesos sonllevados a cabo dentro de ese marco, utilizados actualmente en el desarrollode la vision artifi cial. El grupo de investigacion DIGITI, dela Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas (Colombia), se hainteresado en incorporar caracteristicas tolerantes a cierto nivel dedistorsion que, en defi nitiva, proporcionen robustez en los resultadosinvestigados sobre imagenes, por tal motivo, el presente articulodescribe la implementacion de un modelo de analisis para imagenessatelitales de la malla vial usando la Transformada Hough, tecnicaque requiere mucho tiempo de computacion para conseguir resultadosoptimos, pero que entre otras ventajas, permite subdividir elespacio parametrico en celdas acumuladoras, creando un plano independientepara ello, por lo que se convierte en un metodo robustofrente al ruido, dotado de procesos estadisticos para el analisis de laimagenes.
Robust Hierarchical Framework for Image Classification via Sparse Representation

The sparse representation-based classification algorithm has been used for human face recognition.But an image database was restricted to human frontal faces with only slight illumination and expression changes.Cropping and normalization of the face needs to be done beforehand.This paper uses a sparse representation-based algorithm for generic image classification with some intra-class variations and background clutter.A hierarchical framework based on the sparse representation is developed which flexibly combines different global and local features.Experiments with the hierarchical framework on 25 object categories selected from the Caltech101 dataset show that exploiting the advantage of local features with the hierarchical framework improves the classification performance and that the framework is robust to image occlusions,background clutter,and viewpoint changes.
parallel computing and its evolution

In February 1985 the Intel Corporation announced the iPSC@, a computer of a new structure, called a hypercube architecture, with the potential to surpass the fastest supercomputers at a fraction of the cost. The machine is based on a project called the Cosmic Cube headed by Chuck Seitz at Caltech [3]. It consists of 2n processor boards connected by a special high-speed network. (Intel currently offers machines for n = 5, 6, or 7.) The network connects processors as if they were on the corners of a cube in n-space (hence the name, " hyper-cube "), which means that each processor is directly connected to n others and that the longest path between any two processors spans n links. A 128-processor machine is expected to sustain a processing rate of 10 MFLOPS (million floating-point operations per second) for the fastest algorithms; this is roughly one-fifteenth the sustained rate of the fastest real programs on the Cray X-MP-2X@ at one-twentieth the cost. (The maximal instantaneous speed of the Cray X-MP, in excess of 600 MFLOPS, is not sustained by real programs.) In early spring 1986 Floating Point Systems announced a hyper-cube supercomputer whose initial configuration consists of 4 cabinets , called teseracts, of 16 nodes each. Each node is an Inmos Cor-iPSC is a trademark of Intel Corporation.
Pixel density: Recognizing characters in Saudi License Plates

In this paper character recognition in Saudi Automobile License Plates is described. Due to special properties of Saudi license plates, simpler procedures as compared to the ones used for Lebanese plates have been developed. A limited character set for recognition enables the development of smaller recognition trees. The process relies on processing pixels along vertical and horizontal lines taken across the character. The developed procedure was applied to different characters taken from real license plates and the recognition rate was 100% for characters supported by the algorithm. Uniformly distributed pseudo-random noise was added to simulate error in the image. The algorithm was proven to work even in cases in which the characters were extremely degraded by noise.
Kroppskommunikation - uttrycks- och innehållsdimensioner

Visuellt eller taktilt uppfattad kommunikation med hjalp av kroppsrorelser intar en central plats i mansklig kommunikation. Troligen ar kroppskommunikation bade fylogenetiskt och ontogenetiskt primar i forhallande till andra former for mansklig kommunikation och darmed sammankopplad med sadana arkaiska skikt i vart vasen som det limbiska systemet och det autonoma nervsystemet. Fran saval biologisk som psykologisk och social synpunkt ar darfor mansklig kroppskommunikation val vard att intressera sig for.