Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complementary use of motion-activated cameras and unbaited wire snares for DNA sampling reveals diel and seasonal activity patterns of brown bears ( Ursus arctos ) foraging on adult sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka )

The seasonal and diel movements of predators to take advantage of shifts in prey availability are fundamental elements of their foraging ecology, and also have consequences for the prey populations. In this study, we used complementary noninvasive techniques (motion-activated cameras and hair snares) to investigate seasonal and diel activity of brown bears (Ursus arctos L., 1758) along six proximate streams supporting spawning populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) in southwestern Alaska. Camera records over 3 years showed a rapid increase in bear activity around the time salmon arrived in the streams, with differences among streams corresponding to differences in salmon phenology. Bears were active throughout the day and night, but there were clear crepuscular peaks when camera data were pooled. When wire snares (to collect hair samples) were paired with cameras, the data showed similar seasonal patterns, but each technique detected bears missed by the other. Roughly equal numbers of bears left hair but no camera image, and images but no hair, at paired sites. Taken together, the results indicated a close correspondence between bear activity and salmon timing, differences in diel timing among streams, and the complementarity of data obtained by motion-activated cameras and hair snares.
Adapt-N Outperforms Grower-Selected Nitrogen Rates in Northeast and Midwestern United States Strip Trials

Agronomy Journa l • Volume 108 , I s sue 4 • 2016 Global consumption of nitrogen (N)-based fertilizers has risen substantially in the last few decades and is expected to continue to increase due to projected global population growth (Erisman et al., 2008; Foley et al., 2011; Galloway et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2015). Application of N fertilizer use in excess of crop demand can have an adverse eff ect on the environment; this eff ect has been well documented (Gruber and Galloway, 2008; Vitousek et al., 1997). Nitrogen losses through leaching (Andraski et al., 2000; van Es et al., 2002) and runoff (David et al., 2010) aff ect groundwater aquifers (Böhlke, 2002; Gu et al., 2013) and aquatic biota in downstream streams and estuaries (Carpenter et al., 1998; Diaz and Rosenberg, 2008). Nitrogen losses through denitrifi cation can result in increased emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) (McSwiney and Robertson, 2005), a potent greenhouse gas for which agriculture is the main anthropogenic source (Smith et al., 2008). Altogether, increased anthropogenic N fl uxes into the environment have a signifi cant economic cost for society (Dodds et al., 2009; Sutton et al., 2011), which is largely externalized from the production economics; that is, farmers and retailers have limited economic incentives to reduce environmental N losses unless they can be coupled to higher profi ts. Maize (Zea mays L.) accounts for 27% of the US crop land area (USDA–NASS, 2015a) and receives on average the highest N rate among the major fi eld crops (157 kg ha-1) (USDA–ERS, 2015a). Maize N management in the United States is oft en relatively ineffi cient: N recovery effi ciency (the proportion of applied N taken up by the crop) is estimated to be 37% (Cassman et al., 2002) but can be as high as 67% for split N applications on irrigated maize (Wortmann et al., 2011). One of the factors leading to excess agricultural N application is that soil N is spatially and temporally variable (Kitchen et al., 2010; Scharf et al., 2005; van Es et al., 2007b). Th erefore, defi ning a location-specifi c economically optimum N rate (EONR) (i.e., the N rate at which further increase in N is no longer economical) is challenging. Th e EONR is aff ected by multiple resource and productionrelated factors, including the timing and rate of precipitation events during the early growing season (Tremblay et al., 2012; van Es et al., 2007b), the timing of N application (Dinnes et al., 2002), N mineralization from soil organic matter, carry-over N Adapt-N Outperforms Grower-Selected Nitrogen Rates in Northeast and Midwestern United States Strip Trials
Model Predictive Control of a Swiss Office Building

The research project OptiControl (www.opticontrol.ethz.ch) deals with the development of novel, predictive control strategies for buildings. The strategies are tested on a fully occupied, well instrumented typical Swiss office building. This work presents our experience with the application of Model Predictive Control (MPC). The application of novel rule-based control (RBC) strategies on the same building is presented in a companion paper (Integrated Predictive Rule-Based Control of a Swiss Office Building). Here we describe, first, the implementation and key aspects of model predictive building control. Second, we report on our experience with running the MPC controller on the building for three months. Third, we compare the controller’s performance in terms of comfort compliance and energy use to the previously installed industry standard RBC strategy using whole-year simulations with the EnergyPlus software. The experimental data show that the MPC operated reliably and successfully satisfied comfort constraints during a period of three months in summer. The simulation study suggests a superior control performance with respect to the original control strategy.
Photosynthesis in Lichen: Light Reactions and Protective Mechanisms

Lichens are symbiotic associations (holobionts) established between fungi (mycobionts) and certain groups of cyanobacteria or unicellular green algae (photobionts). This symbiotic association has been essential in establishing the colonization of terrestrial and consequently dry habitats. About 44 genera of algae and cyanobacteria have been reported as lichen photobionts. Due to the uncertain taxonomy of many of these photobionts, these numbers were considered as approximations only. Ahmadjian (1993) estimates that only 25 genera were typical lichen photobionts. The most common cyanobionts are Nostoc, Scytonema, Stigonema, Gloeocapsa, and Calothrix, in order of frequency (Budel, 1992). Green algal photobionts include Asterochloris, Trebouxia, Trentepohlia, Coccomyxa, and Dictyochloropsis (Gartner, 1992). These authors assessed that more than 50% of all lichen species are associated with Trebouxia and Asterochloris species. However, this is just estimation since in only 2% of the described lichen species the photobiont genus is reported (Tschermak-Woess, 1989), mostly by the difficulties to isolate and then characterize the algae from the lichen thalli. Lichens are well known for their slow growth and longevity. Their radial growth is measured in millimetres per year (Hale, 1973), while individual lichens live for hundreds or even thousands of years. It is assumed that in lichens the photobiont population is under mycobiont control. Lichenologists have proposed some control mechanisms such as, cell division inhibitors (Honegger, 1987), phytohormones (Backor & Hudak, 1999) or nutrients competition (Crittenden et al., 1994; Schofield et al., 2003). Similar to plants, all lichens photosynthesise. They need light to provide energy to make their own matter. More specifically, the algae in the lichen produce carbohydrates and the fungi take those carbohydrates to grow and reproduce. The amount of light intensity needed for optimal lichen growth varies widely among species. The optimum light intensity range of most algal photobionts in axenic cultures is very low, between 16-27 μmol m-2 s-1. If the response of cultured photobionts to light is similar to that of the natural forms (lichen), then there must be additional mechanisms protecting the algae in the lichen that are not developed under culture conditions. Pigments and crystal of secondary metabolites in the
Improvement of transdermal delivery of sumatriptan succinate using novel water emulsion patch or self-dissolving microneedle array , and their in vitro and in vivo characterizations

2 INTRODUCTION.6 CHAPTER 1 DEVELOPMENT OF A TRANSDERMAL WATER EMULSION PATCH SYSTEM INCORPORATING SS.10 1.1. Materials.11 1.2. Fabrication of SS-incorporated patches.11 1.3. Determination of SS contents in SS-incorporated patches.13 1.4. Measurement of adhesion properties of SS-incorporated patches.14 1.5. In vitro transdermal permeation of SS from SS-incorporated patches.15 1.6. Assessment of rat skin barrier disruption after application of SS-incorporated patches via TEWL values.18 1.7. In vivo transdermal absorption of SS from SS-incorporated patches.20 1.8. Discussion.24 CHAPTER 2 DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL SELF-DISSOLVING MN LOADED WITH SS.28 2.1. Materials.29 2.2. Fabrication of sodium hyaluronate MNs.29 2.3. Improvement of transdermal delivery of SS from SS-loaded MNs.31 2.4. Measurement of mechanical failure force and hygroscopy of SS-loaded MNs.36 2.5. Estimation of skin penetration capacity of SS-loaded MNs.40 2.6. In vitro release of SS from SS-loaded MNs.41 2.7. Evaluation of dissolution of SS-loaded MNs following inserting into rat skin.42 2.8. Assessment of skin barrier disruption after application of SS-loaded MNs via TEWL values.43 2.9. Skin primary irritation after application of SS-loaded MNs to rat.45 2.10. Recovery of micropores created by insertion of MNs into rat skin.46 2.11. In vivo transdermal absorption of SS from SS-loaded MNs.48 2.12. Discussion.52 COMPARISONS BETWEEN WATER EMULSION PATCH AND SELF-DISSOLVING MN.58 CONCLUSIONS.59 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.60 REFERENCES.61 PUBLISHED PAPERS.70
Improving Image Quality of a Color Infrared Digital Camera Mounted on a Small UAV Platform: An Iterative Active Learning Experience

Dr. Abhijit Nagchaudhuri is currently a Professor in the Department of Engineering and Aviation Sciences at University of Maryland Eastern Shore. He is a member American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME), American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) and, American Society for Agricultural and Biological Engineers(ASABE) and is actively involved in teaching and research in the fields of (i) robotics and mechatronics, (ii)remote sensing and precision agriculture, and,(iii) biofuels and renewable energy. He has published more than 70 refereed articles in journals and conference proceedings. Dr. Nagchaudhuri received his baccalaureate degree from Jadavpur University in Kolkata, India with honors in Mechanical Engineering. Thereafter, he worked in a multinational industry for a little over three years before joining Tulane University as a graduate student in the fall of 1987. He received master’s degree from Tulane University in 1989 and doctoral degree from Duke University 1992.
Physical demands of playing position within English Premier League academy soccer

Physical demands of Soccer competition vary between playing positions. Previous research investigated total, and high-speed distances, with limited research into acceleration demands of competition. Research investigating speed and acceleration demands have utilised arbitrary thresholds, overlooking the individual nature of athlete locomotion. The current investigation was the first utilising individual speed and acceleration thresholds, investigating the relative intensity of activities. Relationship between match outcome and physical outputs were also investigated. GPS data from 44 professional matches was collected using 10-Hz GPS and 100-Hz accelerometer devices. 343 observations were divided by playing position, and match result, with differences in GPS metrics analysed. Central midfielders produced the highest total distances, and moderate-intensity acceleration distances ( p 0.05). In addition to differing tactical and technical roles, Soccer playing positions have specific physical demands associated. Current results allow overload of individual training intensities relative to competition. No relationships were evident between GPS metrics and match outcome, suggesting Soccer success is the result of superior technical and tactical strategies.
Physico-chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil

4 Abstract: Oil was extracted from Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) seeds collected from Enugu, South- East Nigeria and evaluate its physico-chemical and antioxidant properties in comparism to palm oil. M. oleifera seeds gave oil yield of 41.47%. Refractive index, melting point ( C) and acid value (mg KOH g ) of o -1
Detecting Misinformation in Twitter using Text Analytics

The Online Social networking sites has transformed the mode of communication between people and offered them to interact steadfast. Social networking sites enable the users to build, exchange the post, images and videos in an effective environment. Twitter is one such social networking site that enlarged in last few years. It is an online service which enable the user to tweet and retweet. It is commonly used to share realistic content such as news, events and credible information. These online services prompts or encourage the incredible post to propagate, which in turn lead to recognize the misinformation. This paper explores the detection of misinformation in twitter using credible level of the post and also to discern the source for incredible post. The proposed methodology allot the monitors to delineate about the post retain the credible level of the post. Each post are compared with the associated press tweets to identify the misinformation. This provides a quality of credible information to the user.
Elasticity in Graph Analytics? A Benchmarking Framework for Elastic Graph Processing

Graphs are a natural fit for modeling concepts used in solving diverse problems in science, commerce, engineering, and governance. Responding to the diversity of graph data and algorithms, many parallel and distributed graph-processing systems exist. However, until now these platforms use a static model of deployment: they only run on a pre-defined set of machines. This raises many conceptual and pragmatic issues, including misfit with the highly dynamic nature of graph processing, and could lead to resource waste and high operational costs. In contrast, in this work we explore the benefits and drawbacks of the dynamic model of deployment. Building a three-layer benchmarking framework for assessing elasticity in graph analytics, we conduct an in-depth elasticity study of distributed graph processing. Our framework is composed of state-of-the-art workloads, autoscalers, and metrics, derived from the LDBC Graphalytics benchmark and SPEC RG Cloud Group's elasticity metrics. We uncover the benefits and cost of elasticity in graph processing: while elasticity allows for fine-grained resource management, and does not degrade application performance, we find that graph workloads are sensitive to data migration while leasing or releasing resources. Moreover, we identify non-trivial interactions between scaling policies and graph workloads, which add an extra level of complexity to resource management and scheduling for graph processing.
The Stakeholder Perspective 1

The word “stakeholder” dates back to the beginning of the eighteenth century, meaning the person who was entrusted with the stakes of bettors, and, then, who was holding all the bets placed on a game or a race, and who was paying the money to the winners: therefore, the first stakeholder was a “holder of interests”. In addition, “stake” may mean a post placed in the ground, either representing the concept of a strong support, or representing the boundaries that define an interest: in fact, it is believed that the first modern meaning of stakeholders is "those groups without whose support the organization would cease to exist" (Stanford University Research Center,1963), while in the first text on the theory of stakeholders (Freeman, 1984), the definition of stakeholder was "a stakeholder in an organization is any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization's objectives". Ten years later (Freeman, 1994), the concept of generated value was added too, and stakeholders were defined as “participants in the human process of joint value creation".
The Effects of Remittances on Output Per Worker in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Production Function Approach

This paper uses a production function to examine the channels through which remittances affect output per worker in 31 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries from 1980-2010. We find that remittances directly increase output per worker if complemented with education. The indirect effects vary with the economic characteristics of the recipient nations: while remittances have increased human capital among the low-income nations, among the upper-middle-income nations, they have mostly increased total factor productivity, but are still inversely related to factor inputs among the lower-middle-income nations of SSA. Finally, remittances are more effective when institutional risk is reducing.
No Enemies Needed: Cotton Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Directly Benefit from Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Tending

ABSTRACT Honeydew is a carbohydrate-rich solution excreted by phloem-feeding insects such as aphids. Ants often consume this substance and, in return, protect aphids from natural enemies. This indirect benefit of ant-aphid mutualisms to aphids (reduced predation) has been examined extensively. Few studies, however, have quantified the direct benefits that aphids may gain from the mutualism. We conducted greenhouse experiments to estimate the direct benefits that cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), receive from their mutualistic relationship with red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta (Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). We compared population growth and alate production between ant-tended and untended aphid colonies in the absence of natural enemies. We found strong evidence that cotton aphids receive direct benefits from their relationship with fire ants. After 12 days, aphid colonies with tending ants were 46% larger than their non-tended counterparts. Alate production, however, was not affected by ant tending, suggesting that a reduction in dispersal did not explain the ant effect on aphid population growth. We hypothesize that the increase in aphid population size results from altered feeding behaviors in the presence of ants. This study suggests that there may be constant selection for this mutualism even in the absence of aphid natural enemies because aphids gain direct benefits.
Topical Sentence Embedding for Query Focused Document Summarization

Distributed vector representation for sentences have been utilized in summarization area, since it simpliﬁes semantic cosine calculation between sentence to sentence as well as sentence to document. Many extension works have been done to incorporate latent topics and word embedding, however, few of them assign sentences with explicit topics. Besides, much sentence embedding framework follows the same spirit of prediction task about a word in the sentence, which omits the sentence-to-sentence coherence. To address these problems, we proposed a novel sentence embedding framework to collaborate the current sentence representation, word-based content and topic assignment of the sentence to predict the next sentence representation. The experiments on summarization tasks show our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
ORIGINALNI NAUČNI RAD STUNTING , UNDERWEIGHT AND OVERWEIGHT : A MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEM AMONG CHILDREN UNDER 3 YEARS OF AGE IN URBAN AREAS OF WEST BENGAL , INDIA

Background: Malnutrition is still highly pervasive in developing countries, and pre-school age children may be a particular high-risk population. However, nutritional status of this group is poorly documented, particularly in urban areas. Aims: To assess the stunting, underweight, thinness and overweight in urban Bengalee pre-school age children. Methods: A total of 1060 children aged 1-3 years who attended the immunisation clinic of Midnapore District Red Cross Hospital of West Bengal, India during three years were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of underweight and stunting in pre-school age children were assessed using the SD classification based on the 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standards. The BMI classification was also used to assess thinness, overweight and obesity. Results: Mean anthropometric variables were significantly higher among the boys than girls (p≤ 0.05). The results showed that the prevalence of undernutrition, particularly stunting (50.9%), was much higher than underweight (28.6%). The prevalence of underweight was more pronounced among boys. Conversely, girls tended to be more stunted than boys. The study revealed that approximately 14.4% of pre-school age children were overweight and that boys (16.6%) exhibited more overweight compared to girls (11.8%). The study also indicated the co-occurrence of stunting and overweight among the participants. Conclusions: The present study emphasised that malnutrition is a growing public health issue, regardless of as stunting and overweight were highly prevalent among the Bengalee pre-school age children in urban areas of West Bengal.
Effect of dietary crude protein, lysine level and amino acid balance on performance of broilers 0 to 18 days of age.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Crude Protein (CP), lysine and amino acid balance in male broiler diets on performance (weight gain and feed conversion, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio). Five test diet series were used: 1) the 23% CP diet; 2) the 21% CP diet; 3) the 21% CP diet plus additional amino acids (21.68% total CP) to provide at least as much of the essential amino acids as present in the 23% CP diet; 4) the 19% CP diet and 5) the 19% CP diet plus additional amino acids (20.31% total CP) to provide at least as much of the essential amino acids as present in the 23% CP diet. For each of the five test diets series, additional Lys was added to provide total Lys levels of 1.10, 1.15, 1.20, 1.25, 1.30, 1.35 and 1.40%. This resulted in a total of 35 final experimental treatments in a 5 x 7 factorial arrangement. Each treatment was fed to 6 replicate pens of 6 male broilers in electrically heated battery brooders from 1-18 days of age. Birds fed the low-protein diets (21%) supplemented with EAAs (21.68% total CP) showed significantly the highest BW and best FCR and FE. There were no significant differences in BW between birds fed control diet (23%) and 19% CP or 19% plus EAAs (20.31% total CP) and 21% CP. FC and PER were significantly affected by dietary protein levels. FCR and FE were significantly improved and BW increased significantly by increasing dietary lysine levels up to 1.25%. An interactions of CP with or without EAAs with dietary lysine level were significant for BW. FCR, FE, FC and PER not significantly influenced by interaction. Thus, our results suggest that maximum body weight could be obtained with a 21% low-CP plus EAA supplementation which was the same as that of the chicks fed high protein diet (23% CP). Optimum dietary lysine level for performance was affected by dietary protein level and amino acid balance.