Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The inpatient children: partnership care and family-centered care

A comprehensive concept of health is considered today, inseparable from the family, even more when it is associated with the child for whom the family is clearly a reference. The child is not considered an independent element. By their human condition and also by their specific characteristics, the child is vulnerable and so is the family's responsibility promoting their development. The family however, is the first and most important social unit where the child seeks balance, where it processes its development, acquires autonomy and develops a sense of belonging [1,2]. In this sense, the family plays a decisive role in achieving more and better health, and it increasingly given responsibility to make decisions about the health practices of its members, particularly the children. Everything that happens with a child affects all family members. So nurses should also pay attention to the family and all care thought to the child should be planned around the family [3,4]. The family-centered care has been adopted for children's nursing and it has been considered by research studies to better the care philosophy in pediatric context [5].
Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Communication in Economic Mechanisms

This chapter considers the problem of nding allocations that satisfy certain social goals when economic agents have private information about their preferences. While economists have traditionally considered the problem of providing incentives for agents to fully reveal their preferences, such full revelation is often impractical or undesirable, for several reasons: (1) it may require a prohibitive amount of communication as measured in bits or real numbers, (2) it may be costly for agents to evaluate their complete preferences, and (3) the revealed information may be exploited by the designer or other agents. Thus, we consider the question: What is the minimal information that must be elicited from the agents in order to achieve the goals? Note that the question arises even if agents can be counted on to report truthfully. Segal (2005) shows that for a large class of social problems, any minimally informative way to verify that a given alternative is desirable is equivalent to giving each agent This chapter was prepared for the 9th World Congress of the Econometric Society, London, August 19-24, 2005. I gratefully acknowledge nancial support of the National Science Foundation (grants SES 0214500, 0427770). I also thank my discussant, Roger Myerson, and the participants of too many seminars and conference presentations where some of the research surveyed in the chapter was presented. In particular, I am grateful to Susan Athey, Jonathan Levin, Eric Maskin, Paul Milgrom, Andy Postlewaite, Thomas Sjostrom, and James Jordan for discussions related to this topic. Last but not least, I am indebted to my coauthors Noam Nisan and Ronald Fadel for helping clarify my understanding of the topics discussed in this chapter. yDepartment of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. Email: ilya.segal@stanford.edu
Shigella sonnei plasmids: evidence that a large plasmid is necessary for virulence

Virulent form I Shigella sonnei strains contain a 120-megadalton plasmid that is absent in their form II derivatives, which are always avirulent and devoid of O side chains. In the present study, 165 biochemical and antibiotic traits were assessed, but no experimentally useful phenotype could be associated with this large form I plasmid. Therefore, the form I plasmids of several S. sonnei strains were tagged with the antibiotic resistance transposons Tn3, Tn5, or Tn10. Transposon-tagged form I plasmids were not self-transmissible, but could be mobilized by the plasmid R386. Form II S. sonnei transconjugants for the form I plasmid acquired both virulence and the ability to synthesize form I antigen, establishing that these properties are plasmid mediated. Further studies indicate that this 120-megadalton form I plasmid is physically unstable in any of several host bacteria and suggest that it is a member of the FI incompatibility group. Also, two commonly observed, small plasmids of S. sonnei, of 3.2 and 3.9 megadaltons, were shown to encode either colicin E1 production or resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamide, respectively.
Efficacy and sustainability of a footcare programme in preventing acute attacks of adenolymphangitis in Brugian filariasis

Lymphatic filariasis is associated with considerable disability related to the intensity and frequency of acute adenolymphangitis (ADL) attacks. The global programme for elimination of lymphatic filariasis emphasizes the need to combine transmission control with alleviation of disability. Footcare aimed at the prevention of secondary bacterial infections is the mainstay of disability alleviation programmes. We evaluated the efficacy and sustainability of an unsupervised, personal footcare programme by examining and interviewing 127 patients who had previously participated in a trial that assessed the efficacy of diethylcarbamazine, penicillin and footcare in the prevention of ADL. During the trial period these patients had been educated in footcare and were supervised. During the unsupervised period, which lasted 1 year or longer, 47 patients developed no ADL, and ADL occurred less frequently in 72.5%. Most patients were practising footcare as originally advised, unsupervised and without cost, which proves that such a programme is sustainable and effective.
Identification of a novel cellular target and a co-factor for norovirus infection – B cells & commensal bacteria

Human noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide but research on these important enteric pathogens has long been restricted by their uncultivability. Extensive efforts to infect intestinal epithelial cells with murine and human noroviruses in vitro have been thus far unsuccessful while murine noroviruses efficiently and lytically infect innate immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. We have recently discovered that murine and human noroviruses infect B cells in vitro. The nature of B cell infection was distinct from innate immune cell infection in that mature B cells were infected noncytopathically in contrast to the lytic infection of macrophages and dendritic cells. Human norovirus infection of B cells was facilitated by commensal bacteria expressing an appropriate histo-blood group antigen. Importantly, we used the mouse model of norovirus infection to confirm that Peyer's patch B cells are infected, and that commensal bacteria stimulate infection, in vivo.
A Simple Method to Grow Thermal  ${\rm SiO}_{2}$  Interlayer for High-Performance SPC Poly-Si TFTs Using  ${\rm Al}_{2}{\rm O}_{3}$  Gate Dielectric

A simple method is proposed to grow thermal SiO<sub>2</sub> interlayer when performing solid-phase-crystallized (SPC) process. By employing such interlayer between SPC polycrystalline silicon channel and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> gate dielectric, highperformance SPC thin-film transistors (TFTs) with field effect mobility of 67.80 cm<sup>2</sup>V s<sup>-1</sup> and ON/OFF ratio of 2.31 × 10<sup>8</sup> at V<sub>ds</sub> = -0.1 V are achieved due to the superior interface quality and improved grain boundaries by the incorporation of excess Si interstitials. The TFT with interlayer also exhibits good reliability under negative bias temperature stress test.
Alcohol and depression: a clinical perspective

Sadness, even when intense enough to interfere with functioning, can be seen in a variety of conditions. Affective syndromes developing in the course of treatment with antihypertensive medications, sadness that accompanies various forms of cancer, and periods of sadness observed during the clinical course of schizophrenia might all have different contributory causes, prognoses, and optimal treatments. In that light, intoxication with brain depressants, especially alcohol, can cause clinically relevant changes in mood, with prolonged intoxication likely to induce depressive symptoms that resemble those seen in major depressive disorder. However, as is true of all complex clinical pictures developing in the course of a pre‐existing physiological or psychiatric condition, the depressive symptomatology associated with heavy consumption of alcohol might not have the same causes as independent major depressive disorder, and the symptoms often disappear with abstinence. This paper reports studies documenting the phenomenon of depression in alcoholism, presents an approach for distinguishing between alcohol‐related depressions and independent major depressive disorders, and explores the clinical and research implications of the relationship between alcohol and depression.
HOXA9 is critical in the proliferation, differentiation, and malignancy of leukaemia cells both in vitro and in vivo

Progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanism for acute myeloid leukaemia is of great significance to generate new potential targets for treatment. Recent studies showed that HOXA9, a homeodomain‐containing transcription factor, is commonly deregulated in acute leukaemia. In this study, we elucidated the direct correlation between HoxA9 expression and progression of leukaemia using 2 different types of leukaemia cells HL‐60 and MOLT‐3. The HoxA9 expression level was decreased in leukaemia cells with the treatment of all‐trans retinoic acid or arsenic trioxide (As2O3). Downregulation of HoxA9 could impair the proliferation and promote the leukaemia cell death. HoxA9 silencing also potentiated the differentiation of leukaemia cells, and in vivo studies demonstrated that HoxA9 downregulation could interfere the tumour growth. Interestingly, HoxA9 silencing also led to the alteration in miRNA expression, mediating the promoting effect on the leukaemia cell differentiation. Therefore, this work provided a promising and potentially efficient target to leukaemia treatment, indicating that HoxA9 is likely to be an ideal candidate in the gene therapy against acute myeloid leukaemia. In this study, we elucidated the critical role of HoxA9 in the proliferation and differentiation of leukaemia cells both in vitro and in vivo. The effect of HoxA9 modulation was correlated with the clinical effect of all‐trans retinoic acid and As2O3. Furthermore, HoxA9 also regulated the miRNA expression, controlling the leukaemia cell differentiation. Therefore, this work provided new insights into molecular mechanism underlying the leukaemia treatment, potentially putting forward a brand new target to the gene therapy against leukaemia.
The Sinorhizobium meliloti SyrM Regulon: Effects on Global Gene Expression Are Mediated by syrA and nodD3

ABSTRACT In Sinorhizobium meliloti, three NodD transcriptional regulators activate bacterial nodulation (nod) gene expression. NodD1 and NodD2 require plant compounds to activate nod genes. The NodD3 protein does not require exogenous compounds to activate nod gene expression; instead, another transcriptional regulator, SyrM, activates nodD3 expression. In addition, NodD3 can activate syrM expression. SyrM also activates expression of another gene, syrA, which when overexpressed causes a dramatic increase in exopolysaccharide production. In a previous study, we identified more than 200 genes with altered expression in a strain overexpressing nodD3. In this work, we define the transcriptomes of strains overexpressing syrM or syrA. The syrM, nodD3, and syrA overexpression transcriptomes share similar gene expression changes; analyses imply that nodD3 and syrA are the only targets directly activated by SyrM. We propose that most of the gene expression changes observed when nodD3 is overexpressed are due to NodD3 activation of syrM expression, which in turn stimulates SyrM activation of syrA expression. The subsequent increase in SyrA abundance results in broad changes in gene expression, most likely mediated by the ChvI-ExoS-ExoR regulatory circuit. IMPORTANCE Symbioses with bacteria are prevalent across the animal and plant kingdoms. Our system of study, the rhizobium-legume symbiosis (Sinorhizobium meliloti and Medicago spp.), involves specific host-microbe signaling, differentiation in both partners, and metabolic exchange of bacterial fixed nitrogen for host photosynthate. During this complex developmental process, both bacteria and plants undergo profound changes in gene expression. The S. meliloti SyrM-NodD3-SyrA and ChvI-ExoS-ExoR regulatory circuits affect gene expression and are important for optimal symbiosis. In this study, we defined the transcriptomes of S. meliloti overexpressing SyrM or SyrA. In addition to identifying new targets of the SyrM-NodD3-SyrA regulatory circuit, our work further suggests how it is linked to the ChvI-ExoS-ExoR regulatory circuit.
Advanced Particle Filtering for Airborne Vehicle Tracking in Urban Areas

Individual vehicle trajectories from airborne image sequences provide valuable input for traffic analysis. The main characteristics of the employed camera system are given by a pixel resolution between 4.5 and 12 cm and a frame rate of 2 Hz. Three problems of particle filtering for vehicle tracking are addressed as follows. First, an adaptive motion model is presented, which controls the spreading of the particle cloud in the search space of each vehicle. Second, a spatiotemporal particle guiding approach includes the context of adjacent vehicles into the tracker to increase the stability of the tracker. Third, appearance changes of the vehicles are handled by a template update strategy. An adaptive likelihood function is introduced to balance a flexible and a strict observation model. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation on the image sequences taken from an airplane and an unmanned aerial vehicle demonstrate the improved robustness of the tracker.
Microcirculation and oxidative stress

The microcirculation is a complex and integrated system, transporting oxygen and nutrients to the cells. The key component of this system is the endothelium, contributing to the local balance between pro and anti-inflammatory mediators, hemostatic balance, as well as vascular permeability and cell proliferation. A constant shear stress maintains vascular endothelium homeostasis while perturbed shear stress leads to changes in secretion of vasodilator and vasoconstrictor agents. Increased oxidative stress is a major pathogenetic mechanism of endothelial dysfunction by decreasing NO bioavailability, promoting inflammation and participating in activation of intracellular signals cascade, so influencing ion channels activation, signal transduction pathways, cytoskeleton remodelling, intercellular communication and ultimately gene expression. Targeting the microvascular inflammation and oxidative stress is a fascinating approach for novel therapies in order to decrease morbidity and mortality of chronic and acute diseases.
Recognizing Descriptive Wikipedia Categories for Historical Figures

Wikipedia is a useful knowledge source that benefits many applications in language processing and knowledge representation. An important feature of Wikipedia is that of categories. Wikipedia pages are assigned different categories according to their contents as human-annotated labels which can be used in information retrieval, ad hoc search improvements, entity ranking and tag recommendations. However, important pages are usually assigned too many categories, which makes it difficult to recognize the most important ones that give the best descriptions. In this paper, we propose an approach to recognize the most descriptive Wikipedia categories. We observe that historical figures in a precise category presumably are mutually similar and such categorical coherence could be evaluated via texts or Wikipedia links of corresponding members in the category. We rank descriptive level of Wikipedia categories according to their coherence and our ranking yield an overall agreement of 88.27% compared with human wisdom.
High blood pressure and diabetes mellitus: are all antihypertensive drugs created equal?

OBJECTIVE To analyze the available data to assess the benefits of antihypertensive therapy in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS A MEDLINE search of English-language articles published until June 1999 was undertaken with the use of the terms diabetes mellitus, hypertension or blood pressure, and therapy. Pertinent articles cited in the identified reports were also reviewed. Included were only prospective randomized studies of more than 12 months' duration that evaluated the effect of drug treatment on morbidity and mortality in diabetic hypertensive patients. We estimated the risk associated with combination of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and the effect of treatment on morbidity and mortality. RESULTS The coexistence of diabetes mellitus doubled the risk of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and total mortality in hypertensive patients (approximate relative risk of 1.73-2.77 for cardiovascular events, 2.25-3.66 for cardiovascular mortality, and 1.73-2.18 for total mortality). Intensive blood pressure control to levels lower than 130/85 mm Hg was beneficial in diabetic hypertensive patients. All 4 drug classes-diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and calcium antagonists-were effective in reducing cardiovascular events in diabetic hypertensive patients. In elderly diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension, calcium antagonists reduced the rate of cardiac end points by 63%, stroke by 73%, and total mortality by 55%. In more than 60% of diabetic hypertensive patients, combination therapy was required to control blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Intensive control of blood pressure reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients regardless of whether low-dose diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or calcium antagonists were used as a first-line treatment. A combination of more than 1 drug is frequently required to control blood pressure and may be more beneficial than monotherapy.
Increased Risk of Intestinal Cancer in Crohn's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Cohort Studies

OBJECTIVES:The risk of intestinal malignancy in Crohn's disease (CD) remains uncertain since risk estimates vary worldwide. The global CD population is growing and there is a demand for better knowledge of prognosis of this disease. Hence, the aim of the present study was to conduct a meta-analysis of population-based data on intestinal cancer risk in CD.METHODS:The MEDLINE search engine and abstracts from international conferences were searched for the relevant literature by use of explicit search criteria. All papers fulfilling the strict inclusion criteria were scrutinized for data on population size, time of follow-up, and observed to expected cancer rates. STATA meta-analysis software was used to perform overall pooled risk estimates (standardized incidence ratio (SIR), observed/expected) and meta-regression analyses of the influence of specific variables on SIR.RESULTS:Six papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria and reported SIRs of colorectal cancer (CRC) in CD varying from 0.9 to 2.2. The pooled SIR for CRC was significantly increased (SIR, 1.9; 95% CI 1.4–2.5), as was the risk for colon cancer separately (SIR, 2.5; 95% CI 1.7–3.5). Regarding small bowel cancer, five studies reported SIRs ranging from 3.4 to 66.7, and the overall pooled estimate was 27.1 (95% CI 14.9–49.2). CONCLUSIONS:The present meta-analysis of intestinal cancer risk in CD, based on population-based studies only, revealed an overall increased risk of both CRC and small bowel cancer among patients with CD. However, some of the available data were several decades old, and future studies taking new treatment strategies into account are required.
The Adaptation of Contents for the Creation of Foreign Language Learning Exams for Mobile Devices

This article describes the process of adaptation of online digital contents for the realization of foreign language learning tests through mobile devices. Taking into account the need detected in relation to the quick development of mobile technologies, the development and adaptation of existing online exams for mobile devices will be studied. We will do that by considering the possible navigation limits when using multiplatforms, and the aspects related to the formal and technical conditions which the audiovisual contents shown by the device must fulfil. The existing online language learning tests can be adapted to mobile devices through the programming XHTML language. But, the limitations of navigability in relation to contents and the handling of interaction devices available for users to do the tests must also be considered.
Increased fetal cell microchimerism in high grade breast carcinomas occurring during pregnancy

Pregnancy results in the transfer of stem cells from the fetus to the maternal circulation. These cells are able to migrate and differentiate within various damaged maternal tissues. We recently showed the presence of fetal‐derived cells in human breast carcinomas during pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to reproduce these results in a murine model of “pregnancy‐associated” breast carcinoma. We bred virgin MMTV‐H‐Ras transgenic female mice with male mice transgenic for luciferase under the control of the VEGFR2 promoter. Tumors that developed during or following gestation were analyzed and their nuclear grade classified. Fetal cells were detected by Y chromosome Fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH in 9/9 of breast carcinomas but only in 2 liver controls from the same animals. The number of fetal cells was 20 and 4.9 per million maternal cells in these tissues, respectively (p < 0.05). High grade tumors had significantly more fetal cells (p < 0.05). In vivo imaging of the luciferase signal under control of the VEGFR2 promoter as well as von Willebrand staining did not reveal an endothelial phenotype of fetal cells. Sixty two percent of the fetal cells expressed cytokeratins but were not tumoral. In conclusion, fetal cells—expressing cytokeratin—are always present in murine breast carcinomas associated with gestation. Interestingly, high‐grade tumors contain more fetal cells. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia inpatient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Sir, We report a case of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in‐patient with non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). A 64‐year‐old man presented with complaints of foreign body sensation, redness, and blurring of vision in the right eye of 6 months’ duration. On ocular examination, we noted a gelatinous mass at superior limbus from 3 to 9 o’clock position extending over the cornea and sclera. Brown‐ and black‐pigmented areas were seen over the mass [Fig. 1]. The prominent vessel was seen superiorly with few tributaries. Both eyes had visual acuity of 20/200 with cataractous lens. Intraocular pressure was 18 mmHg. Dilated fundus examination and ultrasonography of the orbit were normal in both eyes.
Influence Of Applied Load On Wafer Bonding In Vacuum

Low temperature direct wafer bonding was performed in vacuum. Different loads were applied during bonding processes. In all cases, the bond strength is above 19 MPa, which is high enough for practical applications. More interestingly, in contrast to the findings by others, we found that the applied load does play a very important role in wafer bonding, the higher the applied load, the lower the bond strength. The bonded wafers were examined by means of scanning acoustic microscope (SAM). It was found that both the bubble size and bubble number increase with an increase in applied load. This phenomenon is contributed to the applied load. High applied force keeps two wafer surfaces in tight contact. If there is any gas trapped during bonding process, such as hydrogen and water molecules, the tight contact prevents them from escaping out of the bonding interfaces, which results in the low bond strength. It also can be explained by one low temperature direct wafer bonding model.