Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precise Measurements on the Absolute Localization Accuracy of TerraSAR-X on the Base of Far-Distributed Test Sites

Space-borne SAR is known for its ability to provide weather and time of day independent observation of the earth’s surface and measurement of relative shifts based on the carrier phase (SAR interferometry). In contrast, our objective is the absolute pixel localization of a SAR image. Our previous studies demonstrated the unprece-dented localization accuracy of the German SAR satellites TerraSAR-X (TSX-1) and TanDEM-X (TDX-1) at the centimeter level on the base of a repeat-pass measurement series. Now, in the next stage of our project, the world-wide reproducibility of these results and possible angular dependencies shall be investigated.
Soft Tissue Injuries in Hungarian and Austrian Clinical Diagnostic Reports

Abstract Introduction: In addition to providing first aid, primary treating doctors are required to describe and register injuries acquired in accidents and assaults. They should do this with the highest possible accuracy, as this official document is often the only documentary evidence of soft tissue injuries in case a lawsuit is filed later. Characteristics of injuries may disappear faster with the healing process of the soft tissue, making it impossible for forensic experts to deduce the weapon involved. Consequently, terminological accuracy is a prerequisite for the appropriate reconstruction of the type and severity of injuries. This study aims at analysing reports on soft tissue injuries in Hungary and Austria from the terminological point of view. It is meant to reveal inaccuracies in the use of noun phrases impairing objective and accurate forensic assessment. Material and method: A corpus-based analysis was conducted on 200 Medical Diagnostic Reports (MDRs) from Hungary and Austria (100 from each country) with the linguistic software WordSmith 5.0. Results were processed in Microsoft Excel and demonstrated in graphs. Results: The analysis showed that terminology describing soft tissue injuries is not consistent. Comparatively few characteristics of injuries were recorded in both sub-corpuses. Due to inconsistent use of terms and missing characteristics, 17 % of the Hungarian and 18% of the Austrian MDRs were not completely assessable by forensic experts. Conclusions: Describing injuries for legal purposes needs standardisation.
HIV/AIDS, Stigma and Children: A Literature Review

Children and the hiv/aids pandemic, children and hiv/aids-related stigma, methodology definitions - defining stigma, layered stigma, defining 'children', should researchers focus on children orphaned by aids? , why we need to stop focusing on orphans, conclusion the hiv/aids pandemic, stigma and children - understanding the key research areas, hypothesis 1 - hiv/aids-related stigma and discrimination exacerbates the negative effects of the pandemic on children, hypothesis 2 - hiv/aids-related stigma towards children is framed within different social discourses, hypothesis 3 - children stigmatise each other, hypothesis 4 - children experience stigma differently depending on their stage of emotional and cognitive development, conclusion recommendations - recommendations for research, research questions, choosing appropriate research methods, recommendations for interventions, conclusion conclusions - hypothesis 1 - hiv/aids-related stigma exacerbates the negative effects of the pandemic on children and their support systems, hypothesis 2 - hiv/aids-related stigma towards children is framed within different social discourses, hypothesis 3 - children stigmatise each other, hypothesis 4 - children experience hiv/aids-related stigma differently depending on their stage of emotional and cognitive development, what new research is needed? , what are the implications for interventions? , references.
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Exercise

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a dimeric protein found throughout the brain, promotes the survival of nerve cells by playing a role in the growth, maturation, and maintenance of cells [1]. Along with supporting the survival of existing neurons, BDNF encourages differentiation and growth of new neurons and synapses [2,3]. In the brain the hippocampus, cortex, and basal forebrain, which are vital to learning, memory, and higher thinking, are all locations where BDNF is active [4]. A number of stimuli have been found to increase BDNF gene regulation including light in the visual cortex, osmotic in the hypothalamus, electrical in the hippocampus, and exercise in the hippocampus [5].
Learning from Weakly-Labeled Clinical Data for Automatic Thyroid Nodule Classification in Ultrasound Images

This paper proposes a semi-supervised learning method based on weakly-labeled data to automatically classify ultrasound (US) thyroid nodules. Key to our new approach is the unification of multi-instance learning (MIL) with deep learning. Benefiting from that, our method can directly use off-the-shelf clinical data, which involves no labels to indicate nodule classes. To this end, we take the US images of a patient as a bag, and take the corresponding pathology report as the bag label. Specifically, we first propose a bag generating method, wherein the detected thyroid nodules are considered as instances corresponding to certain bag. After that, we design an effective EM algorithm to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) for nodule classification. We conduct extensive experiments and comprehensive evaluations on different datasets, and all the experiments confirm that, our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art MIL algorithms, which exhibits great potential in clinical applications.
Mating Behavior and Sexual Isolation in the Drosophila Virilis Species Group

The mating behavior of fourteen strains of the D. virilis group, representing two or more strains each of D. virilis, D. americana americana, D. americana texana, and D. novamexicana, when studied by direct observation, appears to be identical in all qualitative aspects although quantitative differences can be detected. The sexual isolation that occurs between the various strains is due to the interaction of two elements of the mating behavior, i.e., courtship discrimination and sexual drive. Both sexes exhibit these two elements in their mating behavior. Within the group of strains studied, courtship discrimination is mainly but not exclusively the function of the males, while both the males and females display high sexual drive. In the interstrain crosses, the degree of sexual isolation appears to be randomly distributed. Males of D. novamexicana display increased courtship discrimination toward those females farthest derived (geographically) from them. D. americana texana males show no consistent courtship discrimination toward females from any area. D. virilis males discriminate against all females except their own. In general the females of all species accept most frequently the overtures of those males that court most often and persistently. In the intra-strain crosses a definite balance exists between the two components of the sexual behavior of the males and females, and is of such a nature that it appears to be of adaptive value in ensuring copulations. Sexual isolation, on the basis of the data from this study, appears to have originated as either genetic drift within small populations, or responses to selection for local ecotypes, or both.
Galactic globular and open cluster fiducial sequences in the Pan-STARRS1 photometric system

We present the fiducial sequences of a sample of Galactic star clusters in the five bands of the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) photometric system (gP1, rP1, iP1, zP1, and yP1). These empirical sequences – which include the red giant and sub-giant branches, the main sequence, and the horizontal branch – were defined from deep colour–magnitude diagrams reaching below the oldest main-sequence turn-offs of 13 globular and 3 old open clusters covering a wide range of metallicities ( − 2.4 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ +0.4). We find excellent agreement for the nine clusters in common with previous studies in similar photometric systems when transformed to the PS1 system. Because the photometric and spectroscopic properties of these stellar populations are accurately known, the fiducials provide a solid basis for the interpretation of observations in the PS1 system, as well as valuable constraints to improve the empirical colour–Teff relations.
Surface Functionalization and Imaging Using Monolayers and Surface-Grafted Polymer Layers

A method of surface functionalization of ceramics with monolayers and surface grafted polymer layers is described. A phenylsilane monolayer is created on the substrate's oxide surface by using phenyltrichlorosilane as the silane coupling agent. To control the formation of the monolayer and ensure the growth of a dense, homogeneous layer, the ceramic surface is first dried and then a controlled amount of water is adsorbed onto it, and a hindered organic base is added to the phenyltrichlorosilane solution to absorb acid generated in the reaction of the silane coupling agent with hydroxyl groups on the ceramic surface. This procedure results in dense homogeneous phenylsilane monolayers on a variety of surfaces, including silicon, Pt/PtO, and quartz. These layers can now be functionalized by addition of triflic acid, which removes the phenyl ring as benzene, and introduction of a nucleophile. Monolayers of −C⋮CH, −OCH2CF3, [(OCH2CH2)2O], −OCH2CF2CF3, and −O(CH2)6NH2 were generated in this fashion, all proving.
Multiple Overlapping Genetic Codes Profoundly Reduce the Probability of Beneficial Mutation

There is growing evidence that much of the DNA in higher genomes is poly-functional, with the same nucleotide contributing to more than one type of code. Such poly-functional DNA should logically be multiply-constrained in terms of the probability of sequence improvement via random mutation. We describe a model of this relationship, which relates the degree of poly-functionality and the degree of constraint on mutational improvement. We show that: a) the probability of beneficial mutation is inversely related to the degree that a sequence is already optimized for a given code; b) the probability of beneficial mutation drastically diminishes as the number of overlapping codes increases. The growing evidence for a high degree of optimization in biological systems, and the growing evidence for multiple levels of poly-functionality within DNA, both suggest that mutations that are unambiguously beneficial must be especially rare. The theoretical scarcity of beneficial mutations is compounded by the fact that most of the beneficial mutations that do arise should confer extremely small increments of improvement in terms of total biological function. This makes such mutations invisible to natural selection. Beneficial mutations that are below a population’s selection threshold are effectively neutral in terms of selection, and so should be entirely unproductive from an evolutionary perspective. We conclude that beneficial mutations that are unambiguous (not deleterious at any level), and useful (subject to natural selection), should be extremely rare.
SWAN: Stitched Wi-Fi ANtennas

This paper presents our experience in designing, implementing, testing, and applying a general-purpose antenna extension solution with commodity Wi-Fi. The proposed solution, SWAN, builds an array of stitched antennas extended from the radio chains of commodity Wi-Fi. SWAN has low hardware cost and provides easy-to-use interfaces embedded in the Linux kernel. Two application cases for wireless sensing and communication are presented that proves the usefulness of the solution. SWAN is able to provide over 3× performance improvement on Wi-Fi azimuth estimation and localization and over 30% improvement on Wi-Fi throughput over original Wi-Fi AP with three fixed antennas.
Techreport for GERBIL 1 . 2 . 2V 1

Since the initial release of GERBIL, we added four tasks to the list of available experiment types. First, we supported the OKE Challenge 2015 [9] by adding the first and second task, i.e, named entity recognition, typing and linking as well as entity type annotation (cf. CETUS [13]), to GERBIL’s experiments types. Here, we also integrated a hierarchical f-measure for the evaluation of the new typing task. The challenge requirements led to the introduction of the new concept of sub-tasks. Thus, users are now able to analyze whether the linking or the recognition step of an annotator caused the most problems. Second, we directly derived two tasks, namely Entity Recognition and Entity Typing from the two tasks above. In addition, GERBIL now contains improved diagnostic capabilities such as the possibility for runtime measurements. Moreover, we added the calculation of correlations of dataset features and annotator performance as well as different measures for better analysis of the annotator performance, such as the distinction between entities known to a knowledge base or emerging entities [4]. We removed the separation between Sa2KB and A2KB as well as between Sc2KB and C2KB. The usage of confidence scores is not a part of the A2KB and C2KB experiments. If an annotator adds confidence scores to its annotations, GERBIL searches a threshold that optimizes the micro F1-score.
HETEROGENEITY NEUROCHEMISTRY IN CINGULATE CORTEX IN ADULTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS:

Abnormal functional responses and reductions in functional connectivity associated with functional abnormalities of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is one of the most consistent findings in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the significance of such findings for the pathophysiology of autism is unclear. In this study, we investigated cellular neurochemistry with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (1H-MRS) in both, anterior (ACC) and posterior (PCC) cingulate cortices, brain regions associated, with networks sub serving alerting and executive control of attention in patients with ASD. Compared to typical development (TD) group, the ASD group showed significantly higher N-acetyl-aspartate/choline (NAA/Cho) ratio in PCC and demonstrated the metabolic differences between anterior and posterior cingulated cortices as a contribution to the pathogenesis of autism. Furthermore, provide the first direct evidence of the relationship between abnormal metabolic activity and posterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in ASD. CARMEN DOLORES JIMENEZ-ESPINOZA, FRANCISCO MARCANO, JOSE LUIS GONZALEZ-MORA
Optimal elastic source wavefield reconstruction

Reverse time migration (RTM) is capable of producing seismic images of complex geology by correlating extrapolated source and receiver wavefields. RTM is commonly regarded as a memory intensive operation because the source and receiver are not synchronous, which fundamentally require wavefield storage. Many methods are proposed to manipulate the source wavefield efficiently, such as storing the wavefield in the boundary layer followed by its reconstruction as necessary. However, the memory requirement is still considerably voluminous due to the need to save at least several layers around the computational zone. By using the integral solution of the representation theorem enclosing the computational volume, we can reduce the boundary storage to a single layer and still precisely extrapolate the wavefield back into the volume. Building on this idea, we propose the reconstruction of the source wavefield for elastic RTM and waveform inversion from a single layer of the boundary enclosing the computational domain. This reduces the memory and the computational requirements, which is especially important for large-scale 3D experiments. Numerical example demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed method to successfully reconstruct the source wavefield from a single boundary layer without lessening the ability produce accurate representations of the subsurface of arbitrary anisotropy and heterogeneity.
Assessment of Susceptibility, Pharmacodynamics, and Therapeutic Response for Interpretation of Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Vitro Activity in the Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains an important pathogen. Our purpose was to determine the minimum inhibitory con-centration (MIC) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters predicting a positive response to therapy with piperacil-lin-tazobactam. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed at 3 centers. Data were recorded to assess age, type of disease, renal function, weight (body mass), MIC, antimicrobial treatment, and clinical outcome. Success was response to piperacillin-tazobactam alone, or in combination with another active agent; failure was lack of response. Of 78 eva-luable patients, 63 responded (7 UTI; 56 non-UTI) and 15 did not; 26 responding received combination therapy and 37 monotherapy. Piperacillin-tazobactam treatment was successful in 53 of 63 of non-UTI disease with a MIC of ≤64/4 μg/mL, but in only 3 of 7 with a MIC of >64/4 μg/mL (P = 0.023); overall 9 of 10 infections by strains with MICs = 32 - 64 μg/mL had a successful outcome. Piperacillin estimated time above MIC at 20% separated those responding from those that did not (P = 0.019).
A Note on Tail Triviality for Determinantal Point Processes

We give a very short proof that determinantal point processes have a trivial tail $\sigma$-field. This conjecture of the author has been proved by Osada and Osada as well as by Bufetov, Qiu, and Shamov. The former set of authors relied on the earlier result of the present author that the conjecture held in the discrete case, as does the present short proof.
Potential future fisheries yields in shelf waters: a model study of the effects of climate change and ocean acidification

Abstract. We applied a coupled marine water column model to three sites in the North Sea. The three sites represent different hydrodynamic regimes and are thus representative of a wider area. The model consists of a hydro-biogeochemical model (GOTM-ERSEM-BFM) coupled one way upwards to a size-structured model representing pelagic predators and detritivores (Blanchard et al., 2009). Thus, bottom-up pressures like changing abiotic environment (climate change, chemical cycling) will have an impact on fish biomass across the size spectrum. Here, we studied three different impacts of future conditions on fish yield: climatic impacts (medium emission scenario), abiotic ocean acidification impacts (reduced pelagic nitrification), and biotic ocean acidification impacts (reduced detritivore growth rate). The three impacts were studied separately and combined, and results showed that sites within different hydrodynamic regimes can respond very differently. The seasonally stratified site showed an increase in fish yields (occurring in winter and spring), with acidification effects of the same order of magnitude as climatic effects. The permanently mixed site also showed an increase in fish yield (increase in summer, decrease in winter), due to climatic effects moderated by acidification impacts. The third site, which is characterised by large inter-annual variability in thermal stratification duration, showed a decline in fish yields (occurring in winter) due to decline in the benthic system which forms an important carbon pathway at this site. All sites displayed a shift towards a more pelagic-oriented system.
Induced strain mechanism of current collapse in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors

Gated transmission line model pattern measurements of the transient current–voltage characteristics of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) and metal–oxide–semiconductor HFETs were made to develop a phenomenological model for current collapse. Our measurements show that, under pulsed gate bias, the current collapse results from increased source–gate and gate–drain resistances but not from the channel resistance under the gate. We propose a model linking this increase in series resistances (and, therefore, the current collapse) to a decrease in piezoelectric charge resulting from the gate bias-induced nonuniform strain in the AlGaN barrier layer.
A Framework for Real-Time Physical Human-Robot Interaction using Hand Gestures

A physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI) framework is proposed using vision and force sensors for a two-way object hand-over task. Kinect v2 is integrated with the state-of-the-art 2D skeleton extraction library namely Openpose to obtain a 3D skeleton of the human operator. A robust and rotation invariant (in the coronal plane) hand gesture recognition system is developed by exploiting a convolutional neural network. This network is trained such that the gestures can be recognized without the need to pre-process the RGB hand images at run time. This work establishes a firm basis for the robot control using hand-gestures. This will be extended for the development of intelligent human intention detection in pHRI scenarios to efficiently recognize a variety of static as well as dynamic gestures.
Why Non-Pharmacological Prescribing of Antibiotics?

BACKGROUND: Concern has increased worldwide with regard to the over-prescribing of antibiotics, as well as the fact that more bacteria strains are developing resistance to antibiotics. According to research, a great deal of this use is for what has been called “nonpharmacological” reasons. The reduction of unnecessary antibiotic use and exploration of the reasons for ”irrational prescribing” has become a public health priority. OBJECTIVE: To study the reasons cited by Icelandic general practitioners for their “nonpharmacological” prescribing of antibiotics. DESIGN: A qualitative interview-study with research dialogues guided by the Vancouver School of doing phenomenology. SETTING: General practice. PARTICIPANTS: 16 general practitioners: 11 in the maximum variety sample and 5 in the theoretical sample. RESULTS: The most important reasons for prescribing antibiotics in situations with low pharmacological indications (non-pharmacological prescribing) were an unstable doctorpatient relationship due to lack of continuity of care, patient pressure in a stress-loaded society, the doctor’s personal characteristics, particularly zeal and readiness to serve, and finally, the insecurity and uncertainty of the doctor who falls back upon the prescription as a coping strategy in a difficult situation. CONCLUSION: The causes of non-pharmacological prescribing of antibiotics are highly varied, and relational factors in the interplay between the doctor and the patient are often a key factor. Therefore, it is of great importance for the general practitioner to know the patient and to become better equipped to resist patient pressure, in order to avoid the need to use the prescription as a coping strategy. Continuity of medical care and a stable doctorpatient relationship may be seen as the core concepts in this study and the most important task for the GPs is to promote the patients’ trust.