Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Basic and clinical aspects of visceral sensation: transmission in the CNS

Abstract Pain and discomfort are the leading cause for consultative visits to gastroenterologists. Acute pain should be considered a symptom of an underlying disease, thereby serving a physiologically important function. However, many patients experience chronic pain in the absence of potentially harmful stimuli or disorders, turning pain into the primary problem rather than a symptom. Vagal and spinal afferents both contribute to the sensory component of the gut–brain axis. Current evidence suggests that they convey different elements of the complex sensory experience. Spinal afferents play a key role in the discriminatory dimension, while vagal input primarily affects the strong emotional and autonomic reactions to noxious visceral stimuli. Drugs, surgical and non‐pharmacological treatments can target these pathways and provide therapeutic options for patients with chronic visceral pain syndromes.
Vimentin and CK 14 for identification of basal-like phenotype in breast carcinomas : an immunohistochemical study

histochemical criterion to identify basal-like breast carcinomas (BLBC), a molecular subgroup of breast cancer associated with poor prognosis, is the triple negative phenotype along with CK5 and/or EGFR immunoreactivity. However, several putative basal markers have been suggested as alternatives to identify BLBC with more accuracy. Experimental Design: The expression of CK5, EGFR, P-cadherin, CK14, Vimentin and p63 were evaluated in 462 invasive breast carcinomas to determine their sensitivity and specificity for BLBC identification. Results: P-cadherin and CK5 showed higher sensitivity values, while EGFR, Vimentin and CK14 were the most specific markers. The combination of CK5 with P-cadherin, Vimentin or CK14 proved to be a reliable option for distinguishing the basal phenotype, compared to the “gold standard” pair CK5/EGFR. Furthermore, P-cadherin was still able to recognize a large number of putative BLBC among the “unclassified” group (ER-/PR-/HER2-/CK5-/EGFR-). Conclusions: P-cadherin, Vimentin and CK14 can recognize BLBC already identified in triple negative/ CK5 and/or EGFR+ tumors, and due to P-cadherin sensitivity for BLBC identification this marker can reliably recruit a large number of breast carcinomas with basal phenotype among immunohistochemistry triple negative/ CK5 and/or EGFR pool of tumors. Although they need GEP validation, our results can introduce the idea of these markers as additional options in the daily workup of breast pathology laboratories to identify BLBC.
Analytische Modellierung, experimentelle Untersuchungen und dreidimensionale Gitter-Boltzmann Simulation der quasistatischen und instabilen Farbspaltung

In der vorliegenden Dissertation werden Stromungen, wie sie insbesondere bei der Farbspaltung im Druckprozess vorkommen, analytisch, experimentell und mittels dreidimensionalen Gitter-Boltzmann Simulationen untersucht. Dabei wird zwischen quasistatischen und instabilen Prozessen, sowie zwischen der Punktspaltung (Farbspaltung 2.Klasse) und Schichtspaltung (Farbspaltung 1.Klasse) unterschieden. Analytische Untersuchungen der quasistatischen Farbspaltung 2.Klasse erfolgen mittels Methoden der Variationsrechnung, welche auf gewohnliche Differentialgleichungen 1.Ordnung fur die unbekannten Konturkurven der freien Flussigkeitsoberflache fuhren. Da diese Differentialgleichungen i.A. nicht analytisch losbar sind, wird das Problem der quasistatischen Punktspaltung mittels des hier entwickelten Gitter-Boltzmann Verfahrens simuliert. Dabei werden erstmals benetzbare Festkorper in eine dreidimensionale Gitter-Boltzmann Simulation von Zweiphasenstromungen implementiert. Ein experimenteller Vergleich von Simulation und Realitat, anhand der Kombination Teflon-Glyzerin-Teflon, zeigt eine sehr gute Ubereinstimmung. Als mathematisches Modell fur die instabile Farbspaltung dient die sog. Hele-Shaw Zelle. Eine lineare Stabilitatsanalyse der hydrodynamischen Grundgleichungen liefert dabei sowohl ein Stabilitatskriterium, als auch eine dominante Wellenzahl fur sich ausbildende Storungen. Im Fall der instabilen Farbspaltung 2.Klasse wird zusatzlich der Versuch unternommen die Platten der Hele-Shaw Zelle mit einer periodisch strukturierten Oberflache zu versehen, was allerdings zur Folge hat, dass lediglich die ungestorte Stromungsgleichung analytisch losbar bleibt, wahrend die dominante Wellenzahl einer Anfangsstorung nicht zu ermitteln ist. Im Fall der instabilen Farbspaltung 1.Klasse wird das theoretisch ermittelte Stabilitatskriterium (Modell: Hele-Shaw Zelle mit sich offnenden Platten) mittels Druckversuchen uberpruft. Es zeigt sich ein gute qualitative Korrelation zwischen Theorie und Experiment. Nach einer Einfuhrung in die Theorie der Gittergase wird ein Gitter-Boltzmann Verfahren entwickelt, welches eine dreidimensionale Simulation der Schichtspaltung im Spaltauslauf zwischen rotierenden Walzen erlaubt. Die konkreten Simulationsergebnisse zeigen dabei z.B. einen, dem eigentlichen Spaltpunkt vorgelagerten Ruckstromwirbel, welcher auch in realen Versuchen von Van der Bergh beobachtet wurde. Lage und Ausdehnung dieses Wirbels sind dabei von den makroskopischen Stoffgrosen des Fluids (Viskositat, Oberflachenspannung etc.), der Walzengeometrie und Walzengeschwindigkeit abhangig. Die implementierte Grenzflachenenergie zwischen Festkorper und Fluid beeinflusst das Stromungsbild hingegen nicht.
Analysis of ARQ protocols via signal flow graphs

A unified methodology using signal flow graphs is proposed and used to analyze several existing ARQ (automatic repeat request) protocols. The methodology offers a systematic and efficient way of obtaining throughput and delay. It also offers additional advantages in obtaining results such as the mean response time, and in analyzing the ARQ protocols in which the feedback channel is not error-free. >
Association between sleep and blood pressure in midlife: the CARDIA sleep study.

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have reported an association between self-reported short sleep duration and high blood pressure (BP). Our objective was to examine both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between objectively measured sleep and BP. METHODS This study is ancillary to the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study. Blood pressure was measured in 2000 and 2001 and in 2005 and 2006. Sleep was measured twice using wrist actigraphy for 3 consecutive days between 2003 and 2005. Sleep duration and sleep maintenance (a component of sleep quality) were calculated. Analyses included 578 African Americans and whites aged 33 to 45 years at baseline. Outcome measures were systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) levels, 5-year change in BP, and incident hypertension. RESULTS After we excluded the patients who were taking antihypertensive medications and adjusted for age, race, and sex, shorter sleep duration and lower sleep maintenance predicted significantly higher SBP and DBP levels cross-sectionally as well as more adverse changes in SBP and DBP levels over 5 years (all P < .05). Short sleep duration also predicted significantly increased odds of incident hypertension (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.78). Adjustment for 16 additional covariates, including snoring and daytime sleepiness, slightly attenuated the associations between sleep and BP. Sleep duration appeared to mediate the difference between African Americans and whites in DBP change over time (P = .02). CONCLUSION Reduced sleep duration and consolidation predicted higher BP levels and adverse changes in BP, suggesting the need for studies to investigate whether interventions to optimize sleep may reduce BP.
Indoleamine‐mediated reciprocal modulation of on‐centre and off‐centre ganglion cell activity in the retina of the cat.

The effects of applying the indoleamines serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) and 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (MDT) ionophoretically onto cat retinal ganglion cells were studied in the optically intact eye of the cat. Serotonin suppressed both the spontaneous activity and light‐evoked discharge of on‐centre ganglion cells, regardless of the visual stimulus used; on the other hand, it enhanced the activity of off‐centre ganglion cells. MDT produced the opposite effects, i.e. it enhanced the activity of on‐centre ganglion cells but suppressed that of off‐centre ganglion cells. Much of the effect of serotonin on light‐evoked discharge can be attributed to an alteration of maintained discharge. There was no major difference in the way brisk‐sustained (X) and brisk‐transient (Y) cells responded to the application of serotonin and MDT, although the effects of the indoleamines on brisk‐transient (Y) cells were generally weaker than on brisk‐sustained (X) cells. In view of the fact that the action of serotonin is similar to the action of a gain control system, a possible contribution of indoleamine‐accumulating neurones to gain control in the cat retina is discussed.
The discovery of Liangdao man and its implications for the pre-Austronesian homeland

The discovery of Liangdao man ca. 8,000 BP is academically significant. It may provide some clue for the Austronesian origin relating Taiwan and the southeast coast of China. We need interdisciplinary knowledge of archaeology, genetics and linguistics to make any meaningful study of such a case. The most recent genetic study indicates that the Liangdao man seems to be more closely related to modern Formosan natives than to the other peoples in South China and Southeast Asia. Ancient South China was almost exclusively populated by non-Chinese. There is linguistic evidence that the Austroasiatics inhabited the Yangtze delta and parts of the southeast coast during the first half of the first millennium B.C. Some of the Austroasiatic loanwords currently in Chinese in general and in Min are part of the basic vocabulary. This indicates the Chinese and Austroasiatics must have been in close contact for a long period of time before the first millennium B.C. The linguistic evidence for the genetic relationship between Austronesian and Austroasiatics is not very strong, but nevertheless exists. We can postulate that pre-Austronesian split apart from Austroasiatics in the southeast coast of China about 6,000 BP and dispersed to Taiwan to become proto-Austronesians.
New hepatitis C therapies for special patient populations

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has become a curable disease. More than 90% sustained virologic response rates have been obtained with 8–24 weeks of treatment with distinct combinations of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in most registration trials. However, outcomes in real-world patients tend to be lower and treatment of special patient populations is often challenging. Areas covered: We address the treatment of chronic hepatitis C with DAA in major special patient populations, such as HIV-positive persons, transplant recipients, patients with advanced cirrhosis, renal insufficiency, hepatitis B or D coinfection, injection drug users (IDUs) and prior DAA failures. Expert opinion: Drug interactions between DAA and medications given to persons with HIV infection or transplant recipients can result in treatment failure and adverse events. Severe organ dysfunction as in kidney insufficiency or decompensated cirrhosis may lead to DAA overexposure and toxicities. Dysfunctional social circumstances and behavior are associated to poor drug adherence and increased risk for HCV re-infection in active IDUs. Finally, DAA response might be impaired by viral interference in patients with hepatitis B or D coinfection or drug resistance in HCV either at baseline or after prior DAA failures.
Prevalence of physical inactivity and its relation to social class in U.S. adults: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.

PURPOSE This study examines the prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure time in a national representative sample of U.S. adults. METHODS Data were obtained from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted between 1988 and 1994. A total of 18,825 adults aged 20 yr and older participated in a home interview where information about physical activity, education, income, occupation, employment, and labor force participation was obtained. RESULTS The prevalence of physical inactivity among U.S. adults was 23%, with more women (28%) than men (17%) reporting being inactive during their leisure time. Additionally, inactivity is more common among in social class such as persons who are less educated, living below the poverty line, living in households with income below 20,000 dollars, and who are retired. In every category of social class, women experienced a higher prevalence of physical inactivity than men. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that social class is associated with physical inactivity and that more research is needed to better understand the effect that other social and environmental factors have on sedentary behaviors in our society.
Flight simulations of kinodynamic control using the information around a quadrotor

The autonomous control of the quadrotor has received attention. In the previous research, we proposed the kinodynamic control using a harmonic potential field (HPF), which is a method to design a control input by considering kinematic constraints and dynamic constraints simultaneously. However, it was assumed that the environment was already known and the HPF of the environment was prepared in advance. Therefore, in this paper, assume that a final target position is given to the quadrotor and the quadrotor moves by relying on the mounted sensor. It is confirmed, by a simulation using the Matlab, that the proposed method can guide the quadrotor to the target position.
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor upregulates ErbB2 expression on breast cancer cell lines and converts primary resistance to trastuzumab

The recombinant monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has antiproliferative effect on breast cancer (BC) cells with ErbB2 overexpression. We postulated that a mechanism able to modify ErbB2 expression enhances the antitumor effect of trastuzumab. We analyzed whether granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), widely used in adjuvant cancer therapy to alleviate chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity, could influence ErbB2 expression in BC cells and patients. The expression of ErbB2 (Herceptest) was analyzed in four BC cell lines (BT474, SKBR3, ZR75.1, and T47D) treated with G-CSF and in five samples biopsies from BC patients subjected to G-CSF rescue after chemotherapy. The effects of G-CSF and trastuzumab alone or their combination on cell growth and apoptosis were investigated. G-CSF receptor was detected on all cell lines and BC patients. G-CSF induced upregulation of ErbB2 in SKBR3, ZR75, and T47D cells. This modulation was not associated with an increase in tumor cell growth in vitro. Trastuzumab alone inhibited colony formation in soft agar but did not induce apoptosis on BC cells with no or low ErbB2 genomic amplification. The combination of trastuzumab and G-CSF enhanced the inhibition of tumor colony formation and induced apoptosis on these cells. This effect was further increased by G-CSF pretreatment. Five of nine BC patients showed an increase of Herceptest score after G-CSF administration. G-CSF treatment increases ErbB2 expression in vitro and in vivo enhancing the activity of trastuzumab on BC cell lines inducing apoptosis of BC cells with low or no ErbB2 genomic amplification.
Molecular change signal‐to‐noise criteria for interpreting experiments involving exposure of biological systems to weakly interacting electromagnetic fields

We describe an approach to aiding the design and interpretation of experiments involving biological effects of weakly interacting electromagnetic fields that range from steady (dc) to microwave frequencies. We propose that if known biophysical mechanisms cannot account for an inferred, underlying molecular change signal‐to‐noise ratio, (S/N)gen, of a observed result, then there are two interpretation choices: (1) there is an unknown biophysical mechanism with stronger coupling between the field exposure and the ongoing biochemical process, or (2) the experiment is responding to something other than the field exposure. Our approach is based on classical detection theory, the recognition that weakly interacting fields cannot break chemical bonds, and the consequence that such fields can only alter rates of ongoing, metabolically driven biochemical reactions, and transport processes. The approach includes both fundamental chemical noise (molecular shot noise) and other sources of competing chemical change, to be compared quantitatively to the field induced change for the basic case that the field alters a single step in a biochemical network. Consistent with pharmacology and toxicology, we estimate the molecular dose (mass associated with field induced molecular change per mass tissue) resulting from illustrative low frequency field exposures for the biophysical mechanism of voltage gated channels. For perspective, we then consider electric field‐mediated delivery of small molecules across human skin and into individual cells. Specifically, we consider the examples of iontophoretic and electroporative delivery of fentanyl through skin and electroporative delivery of bleomycin into individual cells. The total delivered amount corresponds to a molecular change signal and the delivery variability corresponds to generalized chemical noise. Viewed broadly, biological effects due to nonionizing fields may include animal navigation, medical applications, and environmental hazards. Understanding necessary conditions for such effects can be based on a unified approach: quantitative comparison of the estimated chemical change due to a particular electromagnetic field exposure to that due to competing influences, with both estimates based on a biophysical mechanism model within the context of a model of a biological system. Bioelectromagnetics 26:305–322, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of ice application over the vastus medialis on the activity of quadriceps femoris assessed by muscle function magnetic resonance imaging.

AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ice application for the muscle vastus medialis (VM) on the activation pattern of the quadriceps femoris muscle during repetitive knee extensions using muscle function magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI) technique. METHODS Seven men underwent transverse relaxation time (T2)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (spin echo, TR/TE=1500/25, 80 ms, 10 mm slice thickness and gap) of their right thigh at rest and immediately after isotonic knee extension exercise with 5 sets of 10 repetitions at a load equal to 70% of their 10 repetitions with and without skin cooling. Cooling over surface skin of the VM was carried out for 3 min before and during 60-s of each rest interval between the knee extension exercise. RESULTS The relative change in T2 of the muscle vastus intermedius increased significantly more by skin cooling than the control (p<0.01), but not the muscle rectus femoris (RF), muscle vastus lateralis, and VM. CONCLUSION These results suggest that selective skin cooling combined with repeated muscle contraction facilitates the activation of other synergistic muscles, making this technique useful for activating the agonist muscles expected for injured muscle in training and rehabilitation.
A quantitative, randomized study evaluating three methods of mesenchymal stem cell delivery following myocardial infarction.

AIMS Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), rare bone marrow-derived stem cell precursors of non-haematopoietic tissues, have shown promise in potentially repairing infarcted myocardium. These and similar cell types are being tested clinically, but understanding of delivery and subsequent biodistribution is lacking. This study was designed to quantitatively compare MSC engraftment rates after intravenous (IV), intracoronary (IC), or endocardial (EC) delivery in a porcine myocardial infarction (MI) model. METHODS AND RESULTS Allogeneic, male MSCs were cultured from porcine bone marrow aspirates. Iridium nanoparticles were added during culturing and internalized by the MSCs. An MI was induced in female swine (27-40 kg in size) by prolonged balloon occlusion of the mid-left anterior descending artery. Animals (n = 6 per group) were randomized to one of three delivery methods. Cellular engraftment was determined 14+/-3 days post-delivery by measuring ex-vivo the iridium nanoparticle concentration in the infarct. Confirmation of cellular engraftment utilized both DiI and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) labelling techniques. During MSC infusion, no adverse events were noted. However, following IC infusion, half of the pigs exhibited decreased blood flow distal to the infusion site. At 14 days, the mean number of engrafted cells within the infarct zone was significantly greater (P< or =0.01) following IC infusion than either EC injection or IV infusion and EC engraftment was greater than IV engraftment (P< or =0.01). There was less systemic delivery to the lungs following [EC vs. IV (P = 0.02), EC vs. IC (P = 0.06)]. Both DiI and FISH labelling demonstrated the presence of engrafted male MSCs within the female infarcted tissue. CONCLUSION IC and EC injection of MSCs post-MI resulted in increased engraftment within infarcted tissue when compared with IV infusion, and IC was more efficient than EC. However, IC delivery was also associated with a higher incidence of decreased coronary blood flow. EC delivery into acutely infarcted myocardial tissue was safe and well tolerated and was associated with decreased remote organ engraftment with compared with IC and IV deliveries.
Double line outage detection using phasor angle measurements

Building upon prior research in single outage detection, this work looks at how double line outages can be detected using a combination of pre-outage topology information and real-time phase angle measurements that are typically obtained from phasor measurements units (PMUs). For double line outage detection, there are two key issues which must be addressed: identification of equivalent outages and reduction of the event search space. The existence of indistinguishable outages due to incomplete PMU deployment is proved and a method of recognizing these indistinguishable outages is presented. In addition, methods for reducing the size of the multiple line outage event space are discussed.
SEROTIPIFICACIÓN MOLECULAR DE CEPAS COLOMBIANAS DE Listeria monocytogenes

Algunos de los 14 serotipos de Listeria monocytogenes se han relacionado con virulencia, por lo cual es importante conocer los serotipos predominantes en las cepas Colombianas. Normalmente se utiliza serotipificacion convencional la cual es una tecnica engorrosa, costosa y no es 100% especifica. En este trabajo se utilizo PCR (Reaccion en Cadena de la Polimerasa) Multiplex, con genes de virulencia para la diferenciacion de los serotipos deL.monocytogenes. Se serotipificaron 56 aislamientos de L.monocytogenes de alimentos, serotipificados por metodo convencional. Solo dos aislamientos coincidieron con la serotipificacion convencional, 45 aislamientos fueron serotipo 4b o 4d, 1 aislamiento serotipo 1/2a y 2 aislamientos serotipo 1/2c.La serotipificacion molecular es una tecnica alternativa, de alta especificidad que puede ser implementada en Colombia.