Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation and Ingestion Timing: Does It Matter?

Abstract Siegler, JC, Marshall, PWM, Bray, J, and Towlson, C. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation and ingestion timing: Does it matter? J Strength Cond Res 26(7): 1953–1958, 2012—Although a considerable amount of literature exists on the ergogenic potential of ingesting sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) before short-term, high-intensity exercise, very little exists on optimal loading times before exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of NaHCO3 supplementation timing on repeated sprint ability (RSA). Eight men completed 3 (randomized and counterbalanced) trials of ten 10-second sprints separated by 50 seconds of active recovery (1:5 work-to-rest) on a nonmotorized treadmill. Before each trial, the subjects ingested 0.3 g·kg−1 body weight of NaHCO3 at 60 (H1), 120 (H2), or 180 (H3) minutes before exercise. Additionally, the subjects were assessed for any side effects (gastrointestinal [GI] discomfort) from the NaHCO3 ingestion via a visual analog scale (VAS). Blood buffering was assessed using a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, whereas repeated sprint performance and GI discomfort were assessed via a 1-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Blood-buffering capacity was not different at preexercise times ( [millimoles per liter] H1: 30.2 ± 0.4, H2: 30.9 ± 0.6, H3: 31.2 ± 0.6; p > 0.74). Average speed, average power, and total distance covered progressively declined over the 10 sprints; however, there was no difference between conditions (p > 0.22). The incidence of GI discomfort was significantly higher (p < 0.05) from preingestion at all time points with the exception of 180 minutes, whereas severity was only different between 90 and 180 minutes. Ingestion times (between 60 and 180 minutes) did not influence the blood buffering or the ergogenic potential of NaHCO3 as assessed by RSA. However, VAS scores indicated that at 180 minutes postingestion, an individual is less prone to experiencing significant GI discomfort.
Stochastic consensus over weighted directed networks

We examine the consensus problem for a group of agents that communicate via a stochastic information network. Communication between agents is modeled as a weighted directed random graph that switches periodically. The existence of any edge is probabilistic, and independent from the existence of any other edge. We further allow each edge to be weighted differently. Sufficient conditions for asymptotic almost sure consensus are presented for the case of positive weights, and for the case of arbitrary weights.
A fast, flexible, positive and negative adaptive body-bias generator in 28nm FDSOI

This work demonstrates a fully-integrated, compact body-bias generator (BBG) with a fine voltage step and sub-100ns response time for use in process and voltage compensation as well as dynamic energy optimization. The generator is implemented in 28nm UTBB FDSOI, using only 1.0V core and 1.8V IO voltage inputs. A modular design enables easy integration into target mobile SoCs, scalable to power domains of any size. The fine resolution (5mV Vth), 100ns full-scale and 5ns incremental step response, low power (<;10μW), and 1.2% area overhead enable fine-grained adaptive body-biasing (ABB). The ability to dynamically track a target frequency within 1% for 200mV of VCORE change is demonstrated experimentally.
Functional Synergies of Neck Muscles Innervated by Single Medial Vestibulospinal Axons a

Head position control is an ideal paradigm for studying how the central nervous system (CNS) interacts to stabilize a multidimensional motor system. Head movement signals detected by the semicircular canals are mediated through vestibulocollic pathways that link each of the three semicircular canals to a set of neck muscles. For tasks necessitating compensatory head movements, the CNS will program muscles to respond in a specific spatial combination rather than to generate an infinite variety of muscle contraction patterns. Stimulation of individual semicircular canals produces canal-specific head movement. The plane of the head movement produced by canal stimulation parallels that of the stimulated canal; they are almost coplanar. ' Therefore, a signal from each semicircular canal must be distributed to a proper set of neck muscles to induce compensatory head movement in the same plane as the plane of the stimulated canal. Obviously a given motor control signal may be economically distributed by a single neuron with divergent branches to multiple target sites that participate in cocontraction of muscles to produce a purposeful movement. Only a little information is available concerning the divergent properties of vestibulospinal (VS) neurons, although the convergence of different inputs onto single neurons has been extensively analyzed in the vestibulocollic system. This study was performed to characterize the divergent properties of single medial vestibulospinal tract (MVST) axons in the upper cervical cord, using the method of intraaxonal staining with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The results show that single MVST neurons have multiple axon collaterals and innervate a functional set of multiple motor nuclei of the neck musculature. This divergent projection of the MVST neurons to multiple neck muscles strongly suggests that they implement a canal-dependent head movement synergy.
Ventilation of the Glacial Deep Pacific Ocean

Measurements of the age difference between coexisting benthic and planktic foraminifera from western equatorial Pacific deep-sea cores suggest that during peak glacial time the radiocarbon age of water at 2-kilometers depth was no greater than that of today. These results make unlikely suggestions that a slowdown in deep-ocean ventilation was responsible for a sizable fraction of the increase of the ratio of carbon-14 (14C) to carbon in the atmosphere and surface ocean during glacial time. Comparison of 14C ages for coexisting wood and planktic foraminifera from the same site suggests that the atmosphere to surface ocean 14C to C ratio difference was not substantially different from today's.
The effects of Aminophylline on clinical recovery and bispectral index in patients anesthetized with total intravenous anaesthesia

Objective: Aminophylline, which is clinically used as a bronchodilator, antagonizes the action of adenosine, so it can be used to shorten the recovery time after general anesthesia. Therefore, we wanted to test the hypothesis that the administration of aminophylline leads to an increase in bispectral index (BIS) and clinical recovery in patients anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Methods: Ninety two patients who were scheduled for elective inguinal herniorrhaphy were enrolled in this study. All patients were premedicated with midazolam and morphine. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg /kg and remifentanil 2.5 µg/kg without muscle relaxant. For maintenance of anesthesia we used propofol 100µg/kg/min, remifentanil 0. 2µg/kg/min and 100% oxygen with stable BIS readings in the range 40-60. After skin closure, aminophylline 4mg/ kg was given to Group A and an equivalent volume of normal saline to Group P. BIS values, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and End tidal CO2(ETco2) were determined. Time to eye opening, extubation time and response to command were measured. Results : There were no significant differences in SpO2, ETco2 and anesthesia time. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were found to be statistically higher (p<0.001) in Group A. Time to eye opening, hand grip and extubation were significantly shorter (p<0.001) in Group A. Bispectral index scores were significantly higher in group A. Conclusions: Injection of aminophylline at emergence time led to significant increase in BIS and shortening recovery time from anesthesia.
Regulation of Colorectal Carcinoma Stemness, Growth, and Metastasis by an miR-200c-Sox2–Negative Feedback Loop Mechanism

Purpose: To elucidate a novel mechanism of miR-200c in the regulation of stemness, growth, and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Experimental Design: Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to quantify miR-200c expression in CRC cell lines and tissues. A luciferase assay was adopted for the target evaluation. The functional effects of miR-200c in CRC cells were assessed by its forced or inhibited expression using lentiviruses. Results: MiR-200c was statistically lower in CRC clinical specimens and highly metastatic CRC cell lines compared with their counterparts. Sox2 was validated as a target for miR-200c. The knockdown of miR-200c significantly enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion in CRC cell lines, whereas the upregulation of miR-200c exhibited an inverse effect. Moreover, rescue of Sox2 expression could abolish the effect of the upregulation of miR-200c. In addition, the reduction of miR-200c increased the expression of CRC stem cell markers and the sphere-forming capacity of CRC cell lines. Further study has shown that miR-200c and Sox2 reciprocally control their expression through a feedback loop. MiR-200c suppresses the expression of Sox2 to block the activity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–AKT pathway. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that miR-200c regulates Sox2 expression through a feedback loop and is associated with CRC stemness, growth, and metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 20(10); 2631–42. ©2014 AACR.
Japanese politeness in the work of

0. Introduction This paper originates in a re-examination of the Japanese literature on Linguistic Politeness, at a time when an exhaustive and final answer to the question of what Politeness really is seems as elusive as it has ever been. Japanese works on Japanese linguistics remain virtually unknown to the nonJapanese-speaking public, a fact motivated more by the lack of translations than intrinsic scholarly value. While the idea of discussing Linguistic Politeness without reference to one of the languages in which its structure and use are most sophisticated rightly sounds implausible, it is a fact that a good century of Japanese writings on the topic remain accessible only to the Japanese speaking public. Interestingly, the contribution of two Japanese linguists to the general debate on Politeness I am referring here to Sachiko Ide’s (1989) and Yoshiko Matsumoto’s (1988, 1989, 1993) works has been instrumental in the re-appraisal of the practically absolute dominion of the field by Brown and Levinson’s theoretical framework (see Pizziconi, 2003). Had such contributions not been delivered in English, they would hardly have achieved the same impact on the global arena. Such widely known Japanese scholarship in English, however, has clearly not developed in a vacuum. Data from Japanese language have contributed enormously to the whole debate on politeness, and Japanese scholarship has been able to provide fertile avenues of investigation. Widening our perspective on the Japanese approaches to the study of Politeness is the first reason for a translation of Fujio Minami’s work. The second reason has to do with Minami’s own particular view of Honorifics, i.e. attempting to conceive Honorifics in a more subtle, and in essence more ‘flexible’ way than had been proposed before. Previous classifications had left major traditional categories and the widely accepted but cumbersome notions of Deference, Humility, Courtesy, etc. substantially unmodified, and differed only in terms of minor taxonomic variations. His original conception is qualitatively different. Minami’s starting point is that all types of honorifics always involve an evaluation and a judgment. On this basis he re-analyses all the traditional categories. He also reformulates the classic notions of
Comparing Responses to Horticultural-Based and Traditional Activities in Dementia Care Programs

Engaging persons with dementia in meaningful activities supports well-being; however, care staff are challenged to implement age- and ability-appropriate activities in a group setting. We compared a randomly assigned treatment group, who received horticultural therapy-based (HT-based) programming to a comparison group, who engaged in traditional activities (TA) programming, on engagement and affect. Horticultural therapy-based programming was implemented twice weekly at 4 treatment sites for 6 weeks, while regular TA were observed at comparison sites. Results revealed no differences between groups on affective domains. Levels of adaptive behavior differed between the groups, with the treatment group demonstrating higher levels of active, passive, and other engagement and the comparison group demonstrating higher levels of self-engagement. Our results highlight the value of HT-based programs and the importance of simultaneously capturing participants’ affective and behavioral responses. Theoretical and practical considerations about the facilitation of and context in which the programming occurs are discussed.
Continuation of the ESH-CHL-SHOT trial after publication of the SPRINT: rationale for further study on blood pressure targets of antihypertensive treatment after stroke.

Alberto Zanchetti, Lisheng Liu, Giuseppe Mancia, Gianfranco Parati, Guido Grassi, Marco Stramba-Badiale, Vincenzo Silani, Grzegorz Bilo, Giovanni Corrao, Antonella Zambon, Lorenza Scotti, Xinhua Zhang, Ting Rui Guan, Yuqing Zhang, Xuezhong Zhang, Eivind Berge, Josep Redon, Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Anna Dominiczak, Peter Nilsson, Margus Viigimaa, Stéphane Laurent, Enrico Agabiti-Rosei, Zhaosu Wu, Dingliang Zhu, José Luis Rodicio, Luis Miguel Ruilope, Nieves Martell-Claros, Fernando Pinto Roland E. Schmieder, Michel Burnier, Maciej Banach, Renata Cifkova, Csaba Farsang, Alexandra Konradi, Irina Lazareva, Yuriy Sirenko, Maria Dorobantu, Arman Postadzhiyan, Rok Accetto, Bojan Jelakovic, Dragan Lovic, Athanasios J. Manolis, Philippos Stylianou, Dror Dicker, Gangzhi Wei, Chengbin Xu, Hengge Xie, Antonio Coca, John O’Brien, Gary Ford, on behalf of the ESH-CHL-SHOT trial investigators
[Relationship between uteroplacental blood flow and of intra-abdominal hypertension in pregnant women].

UNLABELLED RESEARCH AND OBJECTIVE: Identification of relationship between intra-abdominal pressure and uteroplacental blood flow MATERIALS AND METHODS 90 second trimester women (20-24 weeks) were examined. An assessment of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was carried out by "Unometerabdopressure" system through a bladder. Doppler imaging with resistance index in uterine arteries (RIUA) and umbilical cord arteries (UCA) assessment was carried out to evaluate uteroplacental blood flow. We calculated indicator (1) that characterize extent uteroplacental blood flow compensation degree. Pregnancy course and birth results were studied. RESULTS It is established that uteroplacental blood flow disturbances during 2nd trimester of pregnancy are closely connected with IAP level. RIUA and I data are assessment criteria of chronic intra-abdominal hypertension compensation degree in pregnant women. Obstetric and perinatal complications frequency is closely connected with IAP value. IAP and uteroplacental blood flow data are important parameters which can be received with use of noninvasive techniques.
Intracranial metyrapone stimulates CRF‐ACTH axis in the teleost, Clarias batrachus: possible role of neurosteroids

INTRACRANIAL administration of metyrapone, a blocker of the enzyme 11 -β-hydroxylase, which is essential for the biosynthesis of corticosteroids, resulted in profound stimulation of the nucleus preopticus and the CRF- ACTH axis in the teleost, Clarias batrachus. It is suggested that the putative blockade of the neurosteroid biosynthesis following metyrapone might be responsible for this action. The present study for the first time uncovers the possibility of inhibitory regulation of the CRF-ACTH axis by metyrapone sensitive neurosteroids.
THE ENDOTHRIX TRICHOPHYTA: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE SIMILARITY OF THE CLINICAL DISEASE CAUSED BY T. TONSURANS AND T. YIOLACEUM *

INVESTIGATION of cases of tinea capitis among the white population of ]S"ew South Wales, and more recently of South Australia, has confirmed that Microsporum canis is the most frequent cause of tinea capitis in Australia. I t was the cause of 445 out of 484 cases of tinea capitis among the white people studied during the years 1952-1960. However, cases of tinea capitis among aborigines and part-aborigines were almost exclusively endothrix in type. In fact, only one case with signs of tinea capitis due to M. canis was seen among part-aborigines, although M. canis was grown twice from the heads of partaboriginal children while they were under treatment for endothrix infections. In South Australia endothrix tinea is very common among part-aborigines, and 154 cases have been diagnosed among the 256 aborigines and part-aborigines examined. TriciiopTiyton tonsurans has been recognized as an important pathogen in Australia since Munro first wrote on this subject in 1907 and his findings were confirmed by Paul in Sydney in 1916 and by Priestley in Townsville in 1917. At the time the author's study began, T. violaceum had not been mentioned in the Australian medical literature. Durie (1956) did isolate one specimen in Sydney during the period 1953 to 1955, and the author studied a culture taken from a Greek migrant chUd who was under treatment at the Eoyal Alexandra Hospital for Children in Sydney in 1953. One of the most interesting results of this cultural study of tinea capitis has been the demonstration of an endemic focus of T. violaceum among the part-aboriginal population of South Australia (Donald, 1959a). This fungus will probably prove to be endemic in other areas, and recently Morton (1960) recorded its isolation from an aborigiaal child in a Melbourne hospital. An analysis of the clinical features of endothrix tinea capitis in 196 patients has lead to the conclusion that the clinical differences between the infections caused by T. tonsurans and T. violaceum have been overstated. Endothrix tinea capitis commonly showed multiple areas of scalp involvement ; the size of these areas varied from punctiform scales containing two or three broken hairs to rounded or irregular plaques two or three centimetres in diameter. On plaques of aU dimensions two features were characteristic : the squamous desquamation which varied in quantity, and the broken hairs which varied greatly iii number. The scalp lesions were most commonly indolent and non-infiammatory. Broken hairs measuring from one to two millimetres in length may be seen projecting above the scalp as in microsporum infections, but they were not a typical feature and in many cases the number of infected and broken hairs was not suflficient to cause a distinct " ringworm " appearance.
Correlation analysis of visual field thresholds and scanning laser ophthalmoscopic optic nerve head measurements in glaucoma

In a cross‐sectional study of 50 consecutive primary open‐angle glaucoma cases, full threshold 30‐2 visual fields on Humphrey Visual Field Analyser were correlated to stereometric parameters obtained using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (HRT II). The strength of linear correlation between the stereometric parameters and visual thresholds was used to generate a correspondence map between the optic disc and the visual field. Rim/disc area ratio and cup/disc area ratio correlated with the visual thresholds at the highest number of points in the visual fields. Thresholds at superior hemifield locations correlated best with the rim/disc area ratio and cup/disc area ratio in the inferonasal sector and the ones in the inferior hemifield correlated best with the rim/disc area ratio and cup/disc area ratio in the superotemporal sector. Optic disc parameters correlated better with inferior field locations and non‐edge points than superior field locations and edge points. The data indicate that rim/disc area ratio and cup/disc area ratio measurements on HRT II have a good correlation with visual field damage seen on automated visual fields.
New components of protein folding in extracytoplasmic compartments of Escherichia coli SurA, FkpA and Skp/OmpH

A global search for extracytoplasmic folding catalysts in Escherichia coli was undertaken using different genetic systems that produce unstable or misfolded proteins in the periplasm. The extent of misfolding was monitored by the increased activity of the σE regulon that is specifically induced by misfolded proteins in the periplasm. Using multicopy libraries, we cloned two genes, surA and fkpA, that decreased the σE‐dependent response constitutively induced by misfolded proteins. According to their sequences and their biochemical activities, SurA and FkpA belong to two different peptidyl prolyl isomerase (PPI) families. Interestingly, surA was also selected as a multicopy suppressor of a defined htrM (rfaD) null mutation. Such mutants produce a defective lipopolysaccharide that is unable to protect outer membrane proteins from degradation during folding. The SurA multicopy suppression effect in htrM (rfaD) mutant bacteria was directly associated with its ability to catalyse the folding of outer membrane proteins immediately after export. Finally, Tn10 insertions were isolated, which led to an increased activity of the σE regulon. Such insertions were mapped to the dsb genes encoding catalysts of the protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) family, as well as to the surA, fkpA and ompH/skpgenes. We propose that these three proteins (SurA, FkpA and OmpH/Skp) play an active role either as folding catalysts or as chaperones in extracytoplasmic compartments.
What Malaysian women believe about Viagra: a qualitative inquiry

This paper highlights women's perceptions of sildenafil citrate (Viagra®, Pfizer). It is based on a qualitative study on perceptions of erectile dysfunction in the Malaysian multicultural society. Six focus groups were conducted, consisting of 69 women, aged between 40 and 70 years, recruited from the general public and who had given informed consent. The findings revealed that the women were aware of erectile dysfunction and Viagra. Due to their concern about the negative aspects of Viagra, the Chinese and Malay traditional methods of treatment were commonly mentioned. The women from three ethnic groups viewed the possibility of their husband starting to take Viagra with lots of suspicion, mistrust and fear. They would prefer their husband discussing with them the issue of resorting to taking Viagra. The Chinese and Indian women perceived that if a man takes Viagra, it will boost his ego and he will feel more manly. Indian women felt that a man taking Viagra is proof of his love for his wife. The Malay women felt that a man would be ashamed and have a low self-esteem if he were to resort to taking Viagra. Although Viagra is meant for the male, understanding of women's perception of it is beneficial for a couple's sexual relationship.
The Perception of English Modals among Arab Language Learners

This paper aims at investigating the acquisition of English modality among Arab learners of English as a foreign language. Specifically, the study limits itself to the perception of modal verbs as a means of expressing modality. The productive use of modal verbs were analyzed by examining written texts made by 26 fourth-year students majoring in Applied English at the University of Jordan. Moreover, the meaning and function of modal verbs were investigated by asking the subjects to explicitly determine them in given sentences. The subjects were also asked to translate these sentences into their native language in an attempt to investigate the effect of the native language on the perception of modality. The study concludes that there is a gap in the use of English modal verbs as a way of expressing modality. It was found that the differences between Arabic and English modality seems to play an integral role in the misperception of English modality among Arab learners. Other factors, like teaching methods, seem to widen the gap.