Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evolution of life compared to computers: Coincidences, similarities or logic? A simple way to understand the phylogenetic incongruence

Overview: “Recent studies involving whole genome comparisons (phylogenomics) have shown that living creatures and computers function much more similarly than one might imagine based on a superficial analysis. These results suggest that the separate evolution of the two systems had similar processes in which exchange of information was decisive in the speed with which the diversity and complexity of both systems increased. From this perspective we can easily discuss phylogenetic incongruence in a concise and simple way. ”
Smart Engineering of Genetic Resources for Enhanced Salinity Tolerance in Crop Plants

ABSTRACT Salinity is a consistent factor of crop productivity loss in the world and in particular arid and semi-arid areas where the soil salinity and saline water are major problems. Plants employ various mechanisms to cope with salinity stress and activate an array of stress-responsive genes to counteract the salinity-induced osmotic and ionic stresses. Genetic improvement for salinity tolerance is challenging, and thus progress attained over the several decades has been far less than anticipated. The generation of an explosion of knowledge and technology related to genetics and genomics over the last few decades is promising in providing powerful tools for future development of salinity-tolerant cultivars. Despite a major progress in defining the underlying mechanisms of salinity tolerance, there are still major challenges to be overcome in translating and integrating the resultant information at the molecular level into plant-breeding practices. Various approaches have been suggested to improve the efficiency of plant breeding for increasing plant productivity under saline environments. In this context, breeding for salinity tolerance in crops largely depends upon the availability of genetic resources of tolerance, reliable screening techniques, identification of genetic components of tolerance, and successful genetic manipulation of desired genetic backgrounds. The efficiency of selection and breeding in the stressful environments can be improved through marker-assisted selection. To date, this is almost exclusively applied to major genes, but this requires to be extended to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling complex traits such as salinity tolerance to greatly enhance the impact. Moreover, methodologies for high-throughput genotyping, and the development of an array of “functional” markers can be much supportive. The introduction of novel genes or alteration in the expression patterns of the existing genes through the generation of transgenic plants can also be employed to overcome the limits in classical plant breeding. The introgression of wild halophytic attribute genes facilitated by genetic engineering is an alternative approach to bypass interspecific hybridization barriers, which will stimulate breakthrough in the future agriculture. The molecular dissection of salinity-tolerance trait, accompanying the classical quantitative genetics, is a substantial progress in updating tools and methods for the manipulation of plant genomes. Methods of gene discovery such as identification of candidate genes, QTL cloning, linkage and association mapping, and functional genomics such as identification of transcripts and proteins involved in salinity tolerance are necessary to manipulate the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex phenotype of salinity tolerance. Some of the challenges and opportunities have also been addressed in the present review with a particular emphasis on molecular breeding approaches to be employed in combination with other crop improvement strategies to develop salinity-tolerant cultivars.
Romina and Cristina: Two New Strawberry Cultivars with High Sensorial and Nutritional Values

ABSTRACT The two cultivars (Romina and Cristina) recently released from the Marche Polytechnic University (Ancona, Italy) strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) breeding program, show high adaptability to non-fumigated soil. Furthermore, ‘Romina’ showed very early ripening, conic or bi-conic fruit shape, good taste with high sweetness, high firmness and shelf life, and high vitamin C and folate contents. ‘Cristina’ showed very late ripening, high productivity, large fruit of conical shape, good taste, and high vitamin C and folate contents. The European Union patents of ‘Romina’ and ‘Cristina’ have been transferred to the United States, and nursery production has begun following United States rules to determine future market interest.
Efficacy of fenbendazole in the treatment of experimental Giardia infection in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of fenbendazole as a treatment for Giardia sp. ANIMALS 10 male and 10 female commercial-source Beagles. PROCEDURE The experiment was conducted in 2 replicates. Dogs considered free of Giardia infection on the basis of results of 3 consecutive negative fecal examinations were experimentally infected with approximately 1,000 Giardia cysts isolated from dog feces. After verification of infection, the dogs were allocated to 2 groups (treated and untreated) and were housed in separate rooms. Treated dogs received 50 mg of fenbendazole/kg of body weight, p.o. , daily, for 3 days. After treatment on the third day, treated dogs were removed from their runs, shampooed, rinsed with disinfectant, and returned to disinfected runs. Fecal samples were collected from all dogs 12 times during the next 25 days. RESULTS Giardia cysts were found in the feces of every untreated dog during all or part of the test period. Nine of 10 treated dogs did not have Giardia cysts in any fecal sample examined; the other dog had a positive result on a single sample in the third week after treatment. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Fenbendazole, at the nematocidal label dosage, is an effective drug for treatment of Giardia infection in dogs.
TRP Channels: TRPM4 and TRPM5

Cloning, Distribution, and Structure of TRPM4 and TRPM5 204 Ion Permeability, Unitary Properties, and Specific Blockers of TRPM4 and TRPM5 204 Sensitivity of TRPM4 and TRPM5 to Intracellular Ca 2 + 205 Activation of TRPM4 and TRPM5 by Voltage 206 Regulation of TRPM4 and TRPM5 by PIP 2 207 Function of TRPM4 and TRPM5 208 References 210
Harnessing the lymphocyte meta-phenotype to optimize adoptive cell therapy

There is an urgent need for reliable effective therapy for patients with metastatic sarcoma. Approaches that manipulate the immune system have shown promise for patients with advanced, widely disseminated malignancies. One of these approaches is adoptive cell therapy (ACT), where tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are isolated from the tumor, expanded ex vivo, and then transferred back to the patient. This approach has shown great promise in melanoma, leading to an objective response in approximately half of treated patients [14]. Standard protocols involve characterization of TIL populations with respect to adaptive CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, but neglect the possible role of the innate lymphoid repertoire. Due to toxicity and the high cost associated with ACT, the IFN-γ release assay is currently used as a proxy to identify suitable TIL isolates for ACT. Efforts in TIL-ACT for sarcoma, which are pre-clinical and pioneered at Moffitt Cancer Center, have shown that only a minority of the TIL cultures show tumor specific activity in ex vivo IFN-γ assays. Surprisingly, internal melanoma trial data reveal a lack of correlation between IFN-γ assay and clinical outcomes, highlighting the need for a more reliable proxy. We hypothesize the existence of a predictable TIL meta-phenotype that leads to optimal tumor response. Here, we describe preliminary efforts to integrate prospective and existing patient data with mathematical models to optimize the TIL meta-phenotype prior to re-injection.
Detection of CMV Virus Using Two Methods: Real- Time-PCR and Cytochemical Staining in Immune- Compromised Individuals

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a member of the family herpes viruses and early recognition of the importance of this virus is quite a lot of people are having is immunodeficiency, because of this, reason the extent of clinical protests infection to this virus in these patients, due reduced levels of their immune, the aim of this study was to detect the CMV virus quickly and check the accuracy of the two methods of Real-time PCR and cytochemical in immunocompromised people for HCMV defects. METHODS: 100 blood samples were collected from immunocompromised persons in Tehran. Real-time PCR and cytochemical staining two methods for the detection of HCMV was used. The first method is based on the Taq Man and second method was based is based on the characterization of the cell morphological identification. RESULTS: Those who PCR test results was positive, 40werecase (36%). Whereas, this number in of Cytochemical a total of 35 were cases (21 percent). It was also found that the maximum prevalence in the summer season (34%) and minimum its abundance belong to the autumn season (22%) is. However, a significant relationship was no observed between the prevalence of HCMV and the season. CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that with greater accuracy Real-time PCR able to recognize HCMV infection in individuals is the immunocompromised. but cytochemical stains method can be used along with this method for the final confirmation and very increase the accuracy of diagnosis, Was also found that the highest rate of HCMV infection either latent or active form, is the related to the fall season, but this association were not
Modelling cross-species feed intake responses to thermal stress

SUMMARY The objectives of the current study were to compare and model feed intake responses to ambient temperature across species and to assess opportunities to use cross-species (CS) data to parameterize models when species-specific (SS) data were limited. Literature searches were conducted to identify studies reporting intake during thermal stress compared with thermoneutral (TN) conditions. The resulting data set comprised 614 treatment means from 108 studies on livestock responses to thermal stress. An analysis of variance was conducted with the CS data set to identify the effects of species, temperature and species by temperature interactions on intake as (fractional feed intake; FFI). Four models were derived from the CS data set and root mean squared prediction error (RMSPE) and concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) of these models were compared with models of the same form derived from SS data sets. Models used explanatory variables for (1) duration of exposure; (2) mean temperature; (3) minimum and maximum temperatures; or (4) difference between minimum and maximum temperatures. An additional model accounting for temperature and stage of production was derived from the SS data. Analysis of variance demonstrated that the species by temperature interaction did not have a significant effect on FFI. Across species, intake decreased with temperature. Notably, all species demonstrated a constant decrease in intake across the TN zone indicating the previous assumption of constant intake during thermoneutrality may be not fully valid. When compared on a SS basis, SS-derived models had marginally lower RMSPE and higher CCC when compared with models derived from the CS data sets. The model fit with production data had the lowest RMSPE and highest CCC within the study. When compared over temperature ranges with minimal data available in some species (e.g., cold stress), using CS models often resulted in decreased RMSPE and improved CCC when compared with SS models. Although fitting models based on SS data allows for incorporating unique covariates, like level of production, fitting responses based on CS data can help to improve model estimates when knowledge gaps exist.
Development of late leaf spot and rust resistant backcross lines in Jl 24 variety of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

A marker assisted backcross breeding (MABC) programme was undertaken in an elite but foliar disease susceptible variety of groundnut, JL 24 for developing backcross lines using the donor, GPDB 4 by employing late leaf spot (LLS) and rust resistance-linked markers. Backcrossing and selfing resulted in the development of BC1F4, BC2F3 and BC3F3 generations. Evaluation of the backcross lines could identify JG4_81 and JG4_43 from BC1F4, and JG2–3_14 from BC2F3 as superior lines for disease resistance and productivity. A BC3F2 plant (JG_18) was homozygous at LLS and rust resistance-linked marker loci (IPAHM103, GM2301 and pPGPseq8D09) and 30 background markers loci. JG_18 had 87% background genome similarity with JL 24. When advanced to BC3F3, JG_18 showed resistance to both LLS and rust when compared to JL 24, while it was on par with JL 24 for the productivity traits. Currently, JG4_81, JG4_43, JG2–3_14 and JG_18 are under field evaluation for variety development.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the emperor dragonfly Anax imperator LEACH, 1815 (Odonata : Aeshnidae) via NGS sequencing

Abstract Here we report the complete mitochondrial genome of the emperor dragonfly, Anax imperator (Odonata: Aeshnidae) as the first of its genus. Data were generated via next generation sequencing (NGS) and assembled using an iterative approach. The typical metazoan set of 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes) was detected in the same gene order as in other odonate mitogenomes. However, only three intergenic spacer regions are present in A. imperator lacking the distinct s5 spacer, which was regarded as informative feature of the odonate suborder Anisoptera (dragonflies) but absent in Zygoptera (damselflies). With 16,087 bp, it is the longest anisopteran mitogenome to date, mainly due to the long A + T-rich control region of 1291 bp.
EVALUATION OF IN­VITRO CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF IPOMOEA BATATAS

The ethanolic extract of Ipomoea batatas was evaluated for its in vitro cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. The extract showed potent cytotoxic activity in trypan blue dye exclusion method using DLA cell lines with EC50 value of 305µg/ml and exhibited a dose dependent decrease in cell count for all the concentrations tested. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical method. The extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity with an EC50 of 36. 5µg/ml.
SHORT COMMUNICATION Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis ,a n emerging bacterial pathogen affecting cultured red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in Thailand

Systemic visceral granuloma in cultured tilapia(Oreochromis spp.) was ﬁrst discovered in Taiwanin 1992 and the causative agent was presump-tively identiﬁed as an unculturable Rickettsia-likeorganism (RLO) (Chen, Tung, Chen, Tsai, Wang,Chen, Lin & Adams 1994; Chern & Chao 1994). Other cases with identical clinical signs were laterreported in both freshwater and marine ﬁsh as Pi-scirickettsiosis-like syndrome (PLOs) (Mauel M Colquhoun & Duodu2011). Recently, Francisella noatunensis subsp. ori-entalis (Fno) and Francisella noatunensis subsp. noa-tunensis (Fnn) have been identiﬁed as etiologicalagents of francisellosis in warm and cold waterﬁsh respectively (Mikalsen & Colquhoun 2009; Ot-tem, Nylund, Karlsbakk, Friis-Moller & Kamaishi2009). Both subspecies can cause multiple whitenodules (granulomas) in several internal organssuch as kidney, spleen, liver, gastrointestinal walls,and gills (Birkbeck et al. 2011; Colquhoun D Soto, Illanes, Hilchie, Morales,Sunyakumthorn, Hawke, Goodwin, Riggs, Yanong,Pouder, Francis-Floyd, Arauz, Bogdanovic C threeline grunt (Parapristipoma trilineatum,Thunberg, 1793) in Japan (Kamaishi, Fukuda, Ni-shiyama, Kawakami, Matsuyama, Yoshinaga O hybrid striped bass (Morone chrys-ops 9 M. saxatilis) in the United States (Ostland,Stannard, Creek, Hedrick, Ferguson, Carlberg W ornamental cichlid (11 differ-ent species) in Taiwan (Hsieh, Wu, Tung & Tsai2007); and Indo-Paciﬁc reef ﬁsh (6 different spe-cies) imported into the United States (Camus, Dill,Mcdermott, Clauss, Berliner, Boylan & Soto 2013)(Fig. 1). Fnn has been reported in Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua L.) in southwest Norway, westcoast of Sweden, southern North Sea, Celtic Sea(Olsen, Mikalsen, Rode, Alfjorden, Hoel, Straum-Lie, Haldorsen & Colquhoun 2006; Zerihun, Feist,
Definition of prostaglandin-sensitive arterial constrictor systems.

: The effects of a number of prostaglandins on the systemic arterial circulations of the sheep, pig, dog, cat, rabbit and rat have been investigated. It is suggested that all of the species may possess, in addition to a PGE2-sensitive dilator system, a PGD2-sensitive constrictor system, and that 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo PGD2 is a potent and selective agonist on this system. The dog and the pig also have an endoperoxide-sensitive constrictor system activated by the 11,9-(epoxymethano) analogue of PGH2 and, of particular note, ICI 79939 and its 11-oxo analogue. These latter substances also contract the rabbit aorta strip and the guinea pig tracheal chain and aggregate human platelets. A number of PGF2alpha analogues show certain other distinctive cardiovascular actions.
Lipolysis, lipid peroxidation and texture of Serrano ham processed under different ripening temperature conditions

Summary Lipolysis, lipid peroxidation, texture and rancid taste were investigated in Serrano hams processed under low, medium and high ripening temperature conditions (RTC) for 15 months. Medium RTC hams showed the highest contents of saturated and monounsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) from month 5 to 15 and of polyunsaturated FFAs from month 7 to 12. The primary peroxidation index decreased during ripening in all hams, with higher levels for low RTC hams from month 5 onwards. Contrarily, the secondary peroxidation index increased during ripening in all hams, with higher levels for medium RTC hams from month 7 onwards. Texture parameters varied significantly among ham muscles. Shear force increased during ripening in all hams, with higher values for medium RTC hams, whereas cutting force was not influenced by RTC or ripening time. Rancid taste scarcely developed during ripening and was not affected by RTC.
New Records of Liverworts and Hornworts from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Abstract The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (5775 m) it is the highest peak of Colombia and the highest coastal mountain in the world. Liverworts and hornworts of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta have been relatively little studied. In this paper a considerable number of new species records from the Sierra Nevada are presented with brief notes on morphology, distribution and habitat of the taxa. Ten species and the genus Notothylas Sull. (2 spp.) are new to Colombia. The Asiatic Metzgeria lindbergii Schiffn. (= M. saxbyi Pearson, syn. nov.) is shown to be a pantropical species and is newly recorded from Africa and the New World. The lectotypification of Radula xalapensis Nees & Mont. is discussed.
[The effect of space flight on metabolism: the results of biochemical research in rat experiments on the Kosmos biosatellites].

: Cosmos biosatellites research program was the unique possibility to study the metabolic features influenced by space flight factors. Based on the existing ideas about relationships between some metabolic responses, the state of metabolism and the systems of its control in the rats flown in space was evaluated to differentiate the processes occurred in microgravity, possibly under effect of this factor and during first postflight hours. The biochemical results of studying the rats exposed to space environments during 7, 14, 18.5 and 19.5 days and sacrificed 4-11 h after landing (Cosmos-782, -936, -1129, -1667, -2044 flight) are used. The major portion of data are in line with understanding that after landing when the microgravity-adapted rats again return to 1-g environments they display an acute stress reaction. A postflight stress reaction is manifested itself in a specific way as compared to adequate and well studied model of acute and chronic stress and dictates subsequent metabolic changes. Postflight together with the acute stressful and progressing readaptation shifts the metabolic signs of previous adaptation to microgravity are shown up. In the absence of engineering feasibility to control or record the state of metabolism inflight it can only presupposed what metabolic status is typical of the animals in space environments and that its development is triggered by a decreased secretion of the biologically active growth hormone. This concept is confirmed by the postflight data.
Synaptogenesis in the dorsal raphe nucleus of rat medulla oblongata in serotonin deficiency

The purpose of the present study was to examine the synaptogenesis in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in Wistar rats (n = 8-10 for each time point) in the end of prenatal (days 19 and 20) and early postnatal (days 5 and 20) periods, and to determine the role of serotonin in the formation of synaptic contacts during this period of development. It is shown that at prenatal dayl9 neuropil started to develop in DRN -d, DRN -v and DRN -1 in control (intact) animals, while the synaptic contacts appeared on cell processes. At prenatal day20 synaptic contacts were detected for the first time on neuronal cell body surface. The density of synaptophysin-positive granules on both the cell processes in the neuropil, and neuronal cell bodies was sharply and considerably increased by postnatal day 5. Subsequently, until postnatal day 20, the augmentation of their density was insignificant. Serotonin deficiency in a second half of prenatal development, induced by a single injection of parachlorophenylalanine to female rats at gestational day 16 resulted in a significant delay of synaptogenesis in DRN of their offspring in both prenatal and early postnatal periods. With the increase of postnatal age the density synaptic contacts was unequally augmented in various parts of DRN: in DNR-d it approached the control level, while in DRN-v and DRN-1 it remained significantly reduced. The results received suggest serotonin participation in synaptogenesis in DRN.
Habitat Use and Association of Native and Nonnative Fishes in the

Habitat use and associations of native and nonnative fish species in secondary channels of the San Juan River, New Mexico and Utah were investigated. Most species and age classes within species (larvae, juveniles, subadults, and adults) used low velocity habitats with silt substrata. Discriminant function analysis revealed broad overlap in habitat use among species, with a trend of older age classes occurring in deeper habitats with faster current velocities. Overall, discriminant function analysis was able to correctly classify species and age classes, based on habitat use, 23.4% of the time. Native juvenile fishes exhibited the greatest interspecific association with nonnative fishes, whereas adult and subadult native fishes showed the least. Depending on the availability of resources, overlap in habitat use may result in negative interactions among native and nonnative fishes.
Functional recovery following critical illness in children: the "Wee-cover" Pilot Study

目的 确定开展以评估危重症患儿功能恢复情况及预测因子为目的的纵向前瞻性研究的可行性。 设计 前瞻性试点研究 场所 加拿大哈密尔顿麦克马斯特儿童医院的PICU 对象 入组标准包括年龄12个月～17岁，至少1个脏器损害，入PICU 48 h内存在行动受限或需卧床，以及PICU住院时间≥48 h。 排除曾于NICU住院，筛查时运动功能良好或能维持基本功能，存在英语交流障碍及之前已入组的患儿。 测量方法 主要结果为可行性，定义为参与者筛选并入组合格患儿及完成研究步骤和测量结果的能力。 次要结果包括基线、3个月和6个月的功能状态、PICU内患病率及病死率。 采用儿科功能障碍评估量表(pediatric evaluation of disability inventory)及儿童和青少年参与及环境量表(participation and environment measure for children and youth)衡量患儿功能状态。 主要结果 2012年10月至2013年4月间共入组33例患儿，同意研究率85%，3个月随访率93%，6个月随访率71%。 研究人员可完成研究步骤及测量结果，证实远期纵向研究可行。 危重症影响患儿功能状态，功能恢复受基础健康或功能状态水平及疾病严重性影响。 结论 需进行纵向研究以了解危重患儿病后功能恢复过程。 本研究提出了可能影响此过程的相关因素，并介绍了旨在评估此类患儿功能恢复情况的大规模多中心研究的方法学、观察指标及适宜样本量。