Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Visual Soil Disturbance on Eight Commercially Thinned Sites in Northeastern Washington

in the Fritz Timber Sale, Colville National Forest. Equipment trails, mostly designated, accounted for about 25 percent of the total area. The cut-to-length harvester and forwarder combination with 130-foot trail spacing produced the least visual disturbance. Leaving slash on trails appeared to reduce displacement and rutting. Rehabilitation of trails, landings, and temporary roads could move seven of the eight units toward compliance with regional standards for detrimental disturbance. Validation of these regional standards is needed to determine the effects of soil disturbance on soil productive capacity.
Current developments in (Malaria) mosquito protective methods: A review paper

The mosquito vector spread a variety of diseases. It is responsible for several million deaths and hundreds of millions of cases every year and has an adverse effect on public health. There are different types of mosquitoes which bite at different times of the day and spread different viruses. The paper highlights the causes of malaria and their prevention methods in detail. Malaria is a major health problem for children and pregnant women. It has been highlighted as a major cause of death for children below age of five years. More than two-thirds of all malaria deaths occurs in children below age of five years. In India, malaria has been a problem for centuries. India has the highest number of morbidity and mortality rates of malaria after Africa. A number of protective and preventive methods/techniques are adopted against this vector. A common method of preventing mosquito bite(s) is the use of repellents of synthetic and natural origin. The merits and demerits of synthetic and the natural mosquito repellents have been critically assessed. Malaria is preventable and not supposed to be a deadly disease if treatment is available, which is not the case for many of the underdeveloped areas. These regions bear a disproportionate burden of the disease, mainly due to non-adoption of prevention measures. Microencapsulation is one of the techniques to extend the longevity of the repellents used for prevention of mosquito bites. The review briefly assess the various aspects of microencapsulation technique in the mosquito-repellent fabric domain. There is a need for increased research and development of (natural and synthetic) mosquito-repellents.
Vegetation on nesting sand and its effect to existence of nest of pig-nosed turtle in Kaimana, Papua

Triantoro RGN, Yuliana S. 2017. Vegetation on nesting sand and its effect to existence of nest of pig-nosed turtle in Kaimana, Papua. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 3: 287-293. Wetland regions in Papua have various species of turtles that potential to be developed. One of the potential turtles in Papua is pig-nosed turtle (Carretochelys insculpta). This species is a protected species in Indonesia and naturally dispersed only in the southern region of Papua. The population of pig-nosed turtle in wild has been facing pressure due to the activities of harvesting eggs from natural nests and the illegal trade on the hatchlings. Another threat related to the success of nesting is predicted come from the vegetation presence on the nesting sand. The aims of this study were to determine the species of vegetation on nesting sand and its relation to the presence of nest of pig-nosed turtle. The method of survey and observation were applied to collect data and information about the vegetation and the nest of pig-nosed turtle on Jeprey and Omba rivers in Kaimana, Papua. The results showed that it was found nesting sands of pig-nosed turtle with vegetation as many as 3 locations from 10 locations in Jeprey River and two locations from 9 locations of nesting sands in Omba River. The total numbers of plant species found in all of locations were 30 species from 20 families. The highest number of vegetation was found at first nesting sand in Jeprey River and second nesting sand in Ombra River, each of 14 species from 9 families. Ninth nesting sand in Jeprey River has the fewest number of vegetation (7 species from 7 families). The species of Anthocephalus chinensis is a species that can be found throughout vegetatednesting sand locations in both rivers. The similarity index was 0,389 indicates that the similarity of vegetation in nesting sand between both locations is low. The highest number of nests was found on nesting sand with vegetation in Jeprey River, while in Omba River the highest number of nest was found on nesting sand without vegetation. Some species of vegetation needed to be considered related to the effect on the nesting habitat of pig-nosed turtle, i.e. Mimosa pudica and Merremia peltata, which already have a status as an invasive alien species (IAS) globally.
Mathematical Model for the Serengeti Ecosystem under Weather Variations

Very few ecological studies have modeled Population Dynamics of the Serengeti Ecosystem under variable weather conditions. This paper seeks to analyze and forecast the trends of the Population Dynamics of the migratory ungulates of the Serengeti Ecosystem, under consistent monthly rainfalls and under varying rainfalls, when there is Climate Change. To get the Population Dynamics, we formulated a model of five Ordinary Differential Equations for: Vegetation biomass, Herbivores, Lions, Cheetahs and Crocodiles. For analysis of the model data, we used the Least Mean Square method. We found that in general, as the Vegetation volume grows logistically yearly, the Herbivores population decreases and as a result the populations of the Lions, the Cheetahs and the Crocodiles also decrease.
Process Heat Transfer

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Unbounded Binary Search Method for Fast-tracking Maximum Power Point of Photovoltaic Modules

A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system with fast-tracked time and high power efficiency is presented in this paper. The proposed MPPT system uses an unbounded binary search (UBS) algorithm that continuously tracks the maximum power point (MPP) with a binary system to follow the MPP under rapid–weather-change conditions. The proposed algorithm can decide the correct direction of the MPPT system while comparing the previous power point with the present power point. And then, by fixing the MPP until finding the next MPP, there is no oscillation of voltage MPP, which maximizes the overall power efficiency of the photovoltaic module. With these advantages, this proposed UBS is able to detect the MPP more effectively. This MPPT system is based on a boost converter with a micro-control unit to control analog-to-digital converters and pulse width modulation. Analysis of this work and experimental results show that the proposed UBS MPPT provides fast, accurate tracking with no oscillation in situations where weather rapidly changes and shadow is caused by all sorts of things. The tracking time is reduced by 87.3% and 66.1% under dynamic-state and steady-state operation, respectively, as compared with the conventional 7-bit perturb and observe technique.
The Pre‐Obduction to Post‐Obduction Evolution of the Sivas Ophiolite (Turkey) and Implications for the Precollisional History of Eastern Anatolia

The Anatolian block preserves remnants of Tethyan oceanic basins consumed by north dipping subduction zones until the Late Cretaceous prior to Paleogene collision. The Sivas Basin, which belongs to the Maastrichtian to Cenozoic Central Anatolian basins, is located in a key position limited to the north and the south by respectively the Pontides and Tauride ophiolitic bodies and to the west by the Kırşehir block. This study focuses on the southern margin of the Sivas Basin, where an obducted ophiolite is capped by Maastrichtian‐Paleocene sediments. We present new field observations, with U‐Pb zircon dating on magmatic rocks and geochemical analyses to (1) unravel the pre‐obduction nature and origin of the ophiolitic basement and (2) describe the post‐obduction tectonosedimentary evolution. The pre‐obduction evolution shows that (i) the Sivas ophiolite is characterized by serpentinized peridotites, with minor magmatic intrusions, (ii) the top of the serpentinized mantle is characterized by a cataclastic deformation with ophicalcites interpreted as an extensional detachment fault, (iii) the U‐Pb zircon dating of two magmatic intrusions yield age of 91.49 ± 0.8 Ma and 72.7 ± 0.5 Ma, and (iv) petrological and geochemical data show that the magmatic intrusions were affected by hydrothermal metamorphism. These data suggest that the Sivas ophiolite may have recorded forearc hyperextension in frame of a Late Cretaceous suprasubduction zone. The post‐obduction evolution is characterized by the deposition of a Maastrichtian‐Paleocene carbonate platform on the ophiolite, followed by clastic sediments containing reworked ophiolitic and Tauride Mesozoic clasts.
Survival at the Summits: Amphibian Responses to Thermal Extremes, Disease, and Rapid Climate Change in the High Tropical Andes

Stable isotopes of water (δO and δH) are useful tools for understanding past climates, as well as for investigating hydrologic and climatic variability in the present. Since the first tropical ice cores were collected from the Quelccaya Ice Cap in the Cordillera Vilcanota, southern Peru, a great deal of information has been generated on the isotopic composition of precipitation and ice in the central Andes. However, measurements of stable isotopes in surface waters in tropical high mountain environments remain scarce. We examined the stable isotope composition of ponds, precipitation and glacial meltwater at high elevations in the Peruvian Andes to examine how δO and δH stable isotope values and d-excess vary in space and through time. We found a δO – δH relationship in precipitation that supports previous findings from the Central Andes. We document O enrichment of 5.6‰ in snowpack in the dry season compared to the wet season. We found that precipitation from the 2015-2016 El Niño was enriched in heavy isotopes by 4.7‰ for δO and 36.1‰ for δH. Surface ponds were strongly affected by evaporative enrichment in the dry season. Some semi-permanent ponds remain depleted in O in the dry season, indicating an incoming source of O-depleted water. Since the primary source of isotopically depleted water is glacial meltwater, these ponds will likely reduce in size or disappear as glacial retreat continues, thereby threatening the
Feature Extraction and Pattern Classification Based on Bayesian Decision Boundaries

The implementation of a pattern recognition system requires solutions to some basic problems: data acquisition, feature extraction and pattern classification. In this paper a novel and efficient approaches for feature extraction for pattern classification using neural networks is proposed. The method search for the minimum amount of features necessary for solving a given pattern classification problem based on the structure of an adequately trained MLP network. Experimentally we show that all informative discriminating features can be obtained from decision boundaries specified by the MLP network.
House-scale Renewable Energy System Sizing in Liverpool

Renewable energy technology such as solar thermal, PV, and wind have been developed to be building integrated. This exercise is aimed to sizing those three renewable energy systems for a typical house in the UK, specifically Liverpool. The methodologies used in this exercise are load evaluation, resource assessment, and finally sizing the systems. The results from all of sizing calculation show that there will be 6 evacuated tube collectors with 6m2 area, 14 PV modules with 20.7 m2 area, and 1 wind turbine with 2.5 rotor diameter. The renewable energy systems for electricity sized are predicted to cover 78.47% of the electricity load with PV contribution as many as 54.5% and the rest 24% is covered by wind turbine.
The Inference and Identification Models for Textual Entailment

This article firstly presents an inference model that consists of a knowledge base of entailment patterns along with a set of inference rules and related probability estimations,which approximates the textual entailment relationship and predicates whether an entailment holds for a given text-hypothesis pair.Then it introduces some methods of learning the inference rules and entailment patterns and their probability,including learning from a single or parallel/comparable corpus,or from the web.Finally,it describes the recognizing entailment models which based on lexical probability,e.g.lexical entailment probability models and lexical reference matching models,and the syntax and semantics driven models,e.g.the models based on the matching the dependency tree nodes or predicate-argument structures between a given text-hypothesis pair.
BBS Community Structure in Institutions of Higher Learning and Affecting factors of Information Communication

By making an analysis on the information communication mode in the network virtual community using mainly the society network matrix analysis method,the article sums up basic characteristics of the group of the virtual community,and at the same time makes a verification analysis on how these characteristics affect the CMC information transmission in the virtual community and presents means and countermeasures to control information communication.
Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Change on Hydrology of the Catchment: The Case of Upper Ribb Catchment, Lake Tana Sub Basin, Ethiopia

Land use/land cover dynamics has been recognized as one of the factors responsible for altering the hydrologic response of watersheds. Various extent of water resources projects planning and implementation will require knowledge of these changes on catchment hydrology. This study assesses the impact of land use and land cover change effects on stream flow using SWAT model in Upper Ribb Catchment. The analysis of stream flow was done for three different years of 1973, 1995 and 2016 using SWAT model. During the study period of over 43 years (1973 – 2016) stream flow was increased to 6.143m 3 /s due to an increase of cultivated land by 29.947%. Model calibration and validation for stream flow were done at Upper Ribb gauging station. The performance of the model was also checked at this station. Both the monthly calibration and validation results showed good match between measured and simulated stream flow data with the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 0.85, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.824 for the calibration, and R 2 of 0.829 and NSE of 0.814 of the validation period. Keywords : Upper Ribb, Catchment, SWAT, stream flow. DOI : 10.7176/JEES/9-6-02 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
Surface wave analysis: improving the accuracy of the shear-wave velocity profile through the efficient joint acquisition and Full Velocity Spectrum (FVS) analysis of Rayleigh and Love waves

ABSTRACT Surface wave propagation can be exploited to investigate subsurface conditions in terms of shear wave velocities in a number of possible applications (geotechnical site characterisation, seismic-risk assessment, crustal studies and non-destructive testing). Nowadays, one of the most common methods adopted to analyse the dispersion of surface waves is based on the determination of the Rayleigh wave frequency-dependent phase velocities obtained from multichannel active data. The obtained values represent the dispersion curve, which is inverted to determine the vertical shear-wave velocity (VS) profile. After briefly recalling some fundamental facts and problems regarding surface wave propagation and analysis, we present the Full Velocity Spectrum (FVS) approach which here is used to jointly invert the velocity spectra of the Rayleigh and Love waves acquired by means of a set of horizontal geophones only (Rayleigh waves are in fact analysed while considering their radial component). It is shown that for non-trivial data sets for which modal dispersion curves cannot be soundly extracted, the joint FVS approach may represent an efficient way to properly analyse the data, thus eventually obtaining a robust VS profile free from significant ambiguities that would otherwise inevitably affect the results obtained by following the ordinary approach based on the modal dispersion curve(s) of just one component.
Antennas for Small Mobile Terminals

This work investigates the variation in the Mean Effective Gain (MEG) for a large number of test persons in order to find how much the difference in anatomy and persons who wear glasses etc. changes the MEG (i.e. the received signal power with respect to a reference). The evaluation was carried out in a typical GSM-1800 urban micro cell with the base station located outdoor approximately 700m from the mobile. The mobile was located in office like environments. Peak variations in the MEG among different persons of more than 10 dB were found and the difference between “no person present” and a person present is on the average 3 dB for a directive patch antenna, 6dB for a whip antenna and 10 dB for a helical antenna.
Ionic Liquids In Synthesis

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On the definition of Sobolev and BV spaces into metric spaces and the trace problem.

The purpose of this paper is to relate two notions of Sobolev and BV spaces into metric spaces, due to Korevaar and Schoen on the one hand, and Jost on the other hand. We prove that these two notions coincide and define the same p-energies. We review also other definitions, due to Ambrosio (for BV maps into metric spaces), Reshetnyak and finally to the notion of Newtonian-Sobolev spaces. These last approaches define the same Sobolev (or BV) spaces, but with a different energy, which does not extend the standard Dirichlet energy. We also prove a characterization of Sobolev spaces in the spirit of Bourgain, Brezis and Mironescu in terms of "limit" of the space W^{s,p} as s → 1, 0 < s < 1, and finally following the approach proposed by Nguyen. We also establish the regularity of traces of maps in W^{s,p} (0 < s ≤ 1 < sp).
A unified data set of airborne cloud remote sensing using the HALO Microwave Package (HAMP)

Abstract. Cloud properties and their environmental conditions were observed during four aircraft campaigns over the North Atlantic on 37 flights. The Halo Microwave Package (HAMP) was deployed on the German research aircraft HALO (High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft) during these four campaigns. HAMP comprises microwave radiometers with 26 channels in the frequency range between 20 and 183 GHz and a 35 GHz cloud radar. The four campaigns took place between December 2013 and October 2016 out of Barbados and Iceland. Measured situations cover a wide range of conditions including the dry and wet season over the tropical Atlantic and the cold and warm sectors of midlatitude cyclones. The data set we present here contains measurements of the radar reflectivity factor and linear depolarization ratio from cloud radar, brightness temperatures from microwave radiometers and atmospheric profiles from dropsondes. It represents a unique combination of active and passive microwave remote sensing measurements and 525 in situ-measured dropsonde profiles. The data from these different instruments are quality controlled and unified into one common format for easy combination of data and joint analysis. The data are available from the CERA database for the four campaigns individually (https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/HALO_measurements_1, https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/HALO_measurements_2, https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/HALO_measurements_3, https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/HALO_measurements_4). This data set allows for analyses to gain insight into cloud properties and the atmospheric state in remote regions over the tropical and midlatitude Atlantic. In this paper, we describe the four campaigns, the data and the quality control applied to the data.
Characterization Of Reactor Composition For Development Of In-situ Sensing Technology For A Novel Biological Process

The project aims at to enable nitrogen removal using an Anammox granular sludge technique to mainstream wastewater treatment, which could result in reducing treatment aeration costs by 50%, space requirements by 75% and operating costs by 30% compared to conventional treatment processes. Anammox technology is currently effectively applied only in the side-stream because mainstream wastewater has low temperature and low concentration of ammonium, conditions where Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria (NOB) competes with Anammox bacteria for NO2 . Ammoniumoxidizing Archaea (AOA) were found to have high affinity for NH4 , much higher than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and therefore could be able to successfully outcompete NOB in mainstream conditions. The Winkler Lab at the University of Washington is combining AOA with Anammox bacteria to enable Anammox processes in the mainstream, however reactor stabilization at target mainstream conditions requires innovation in online sensing. This thesis lays the groundwork for development of a sensing strategy to maintain the reactor condition optimal for growth of the target microbial (AOA/Anammox) community (ammonia concentrations down to 10μM). This requires understanding reactor chemistry and response patterns for commercial sensors under these conditions. Samples were taken from the test reactor and were measured for concentration of Na, K, Mg, Ca using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The concentrations were evaluated on the basis of their interdependence and their statistical distributions. Using these trends a set of 50 synthetic samples was generated to be analyzed using ion selective electrode sensors (nominally responsive to Na, K, Ca, NH4 , Cl and NO3 ) which are also installed in the UW lab reactor . Ammonium concentrations were uniformly distributed between 10-40μM (target operating conditions). The synthetic samples were also measured for their pH and conductivity. It was determined that inclusion of carbonates in the creation of synthetic samples (rather than assuming atmospheric equilibration) was critical for achieving target pH. Outputs of these analyses provide a training dataset for use in machine learning approaches for online sensor design.
Structured Learning from Cheap Data

This chapter contains sections titled: 12.1 Introduction, 12.2 Running Example: Structured Learning for Cell Tracking, 12.3 Strategy I: Structured Learning from Partial Annotations, 12.4 Strategy II: Structured Data Retrieval via Active Learning, 12.5 Strategy III: Structured Transfer Learning, 12.6 Discussion and Conclusions, 12.7 References