Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of culture on graphical password image selection and design

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of culture on the cross-cultural design of the recognition-based graphical password (RBG-P) interface as inferred from Chinese and Saudi subjects’ image selections. ,The authors use a between-group design adopted using two groups of participants from China and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to measure the differences caused by the effects of cultures on graphical password image selections. Three hypotheses have been tested in a four-week long study carried out using two questionnaires and an RBG-P webtool designed for images selection. ,The results have indicated that participants are equally biased not only toward their own culture but also depending on their opinions about other cultures. In addition, when creating the password, it has been observed that culture not only influenced the image selection to create the password but also have an effect on the sequence of the images forming the password. ,Appropriately used image selection differences can be used appropriately in cross-cultural designs that will lead to better development of culturally adaptive interfaces that will boost the security posture of RBG-P authentication. ,Some RBG-P interfaces that are produced outside the designer’s culture may suffer the effects of cultural differences. Hence, to incorporate culture in the interface, authentication systems within applications should be flexible by designing images that fit the culture in which the software will be used. To this end, access control interface testing should also be carried out in the environmental and cultural context in which it is will be used. ,This paper provides useful information for international developers who develop cross-cultural usable secure designs. In such environments, the cross-culturally designs may have significant effects on the acceptability and adoption adaptation of the interface to multi-cultural settings.
The ATP content of resting and active muscle

It is quite natural that the question whether ATP is broken down in a muscle twitch, especially in connexion with the contractile phase, has become a rather central point in this discussion. In his introduction A. V. Hill mentioned that at present we do not even know if ATP under any conditions is broken down in the intact muscle. Undoubtedly A. V. Hill has deliberately exaggerated his statement on this point to some degree, probably to apply a kind of shock therapy to the biochemists interested in muscular contraction.
Explaining the Market Acceptance of Artificial Sweeteners in a Developing Country: Evidence from Female Young Adults in Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT This paper examines whether a proposed set of factors explains consumers’ acceptance of artificial food sweeteners in a selected developing country. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted on 938 female respondents aged between 18 and 24 who resided in the three largest cities in Zimbabwe (i.e., Harare, Bulawayo, and Gweru). Data collected in 2019 and 2020 were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The ‘health consciousness’ and ‘preference for natural products’ variables had a significant negative predictive influence on the ‘acceptance of artificial sweeteners’ variable. However, ‘trust in regulators’ had a positive effect on the same outcome variable. Moreover, the ‘negative attitude toward sugars’ variable significantly moderated the relationship between ‘preference for natural products’ and ‘acceptance of artificial sweeteners. ’ These findings have fundamental practical implications related to the marketing of food innovations in Zimbabwe where deceptive marketing strategies continue to threaten consumers’ welfare and affect their receptiveness to new products.
The development of agriculture in the Americas: an ecological perspective.

Agriculture began independently in both North and South America ∼10,000 years before present (YBP), within a few thousand years of the arrival of humans in the Americas. This contrasts with the thousands of years that people were present in the old world before agriculture developed. In this paper, I hypothesize that the drastic extinctions of most large herbivores in the Americas may have accelerated the onset of agriculture in the Americas for three reasons: net primary production (NPP) became available for human utilization, the domestication of wild crop types was more feasible in the absence of megaherbivore competition, and hunting societies became more sedentary as their prey went extinct, the first step towards agriculture. I test these theories by calculating NPP liberated following the megafauna extinctions and find that the availability of NPP and the absence of competitive herbivory were significantly correlated with the timing of the onset of agriculture. The extinction of so many keystone herbivores may have accelerated the development of agriculture in the Americas, with humans essentially filling the empty herbivore niches.
Pathogenicity of three Japanese strains of entomopathogenic fungi against the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii

The pathogenicity of Japanese strains of the entomopathogenic fungi, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Beauveria bassiana and Aschersonia aleyrodis, against the nymphs of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii, was compared with that of strains from foreign commercial products, including P. fumosoroseus, B. bassiana and Verticillium lecanii. With a single dose of 6×108 conidia/ml, the highest mortality was observed for the Japanese strain P. fumosoroseus PF3110, although it did not cause significantly different mortality than the strains from foreign commercial products. The LC50 values of the native strain were determined on various days after inoculation and the LT50 values were determined at different doses. The native strain, P. fumosoroseus PF3110, has potential as a microbial control agent against this whitefly.
Short-term changes in energy allocation by Hemiodontidae fish after the construction of a large reservoir (Lajeado Dam, Tocantins River)

The present study investigated energy allocation patterns in three fish species from the family Hemiodontidae (Argonectes robertsi, Hemiodus microlepis, and Hemiodus unimaculatus), before and after the construction of Lajeado Dam, Tocantins River, Amazon basin. Changes in the use of energy (between somatic and reproductive processes) were indirectly evaluated by means of temporal variations in fish body condition, feeding activity, visceral fat storage, and reproductive effort. Fish were collected from October 1999 to September 2004, in periods that preceded and followed the construction of the dam. We recorded significant changes in all ecological traits for the three analyzed species (for males and females). In general, there was an intense reduction in reproductive activity after river damming, whereas visceral fat and body condition increased consistently. In contrast, there was no clear trend in feeding activity (i.e., stomach weight), with little changes in species diet during the analyzed period. These results indicate that the impoundment changed the energy allocation process between somatic and reproductive activities, since fish started to allocate energy mainly to somatic processes. These changes may have a negative effect on the persistence of populations in Lajeado Reservoir, because improvements in somatic condition will not necessarily translate into increased fitness.
Interacting Effects of Lek Placement, Display Behavior, Ambient Light, and Color Patterns in Three Neotropical Forest-Dwelling Birds

Forests exhibit a mosaic of different spectral environments that arise from forest geometry and weather. If visual signals are used in mate choice, then forest geometry and weather will affect reproductive behavior because the appearance of a visual signal depends on the joint effects of ambient light and the animal's reflectance spectra. We investigated three lekking birds at Nourages field station, French Guiana: Rupicola rupicola, Corapipo gutturalis, and Lepidothrix serena. Conspicuousness is a function of ambient light spectra during displays and the reflectance spectra of color pattern elements of the birds and their visual backgrounds. Each species places its lek and performs its lek displays in only one or two of the available light environments, and some may specialize in the more extreme spectra even within each light environment. The color patterns and behavior of each species maximize its visual contrast during its display and reduce it off the lek or on the lek but not displaying. Each species does this with a different combination of colors and light environments. If this phenomenon is general, then it has important implications for the evolution of color patterns and display behavior.
Nest- and refuge-tree usage by squirrel gliders, Petaurus norfolcensis, in south-east Queensland

The types of nest trees used by squirrel gliders and the tree types available in the environment were compared. Non-eucalypt trees and smooth-barked eucalypts were significantly under-utilised as nest trees, and iron-barked eucalypts and stags were used as nest trees to a greater degree than would be expected from their availability in the environment. Stags used as nest trees could be of a significantly smaller tree diameter than other tree types, whereas smooth-barked trees used as nest trees were of a significantly larger diameter than all other tree types.
Neutrophil Phagocytic Function and Humoral Immune Response with Reference to Ascorbate Supplementation in Aging Humans

Age-associated deficiency of vitamin C contributes to the impaired humoral immune response, which in turn plays a role in the increased risk of illness in old age. Healthy volunteers were given vitamin C supplementation. Neutrophil phagocytic function, complement C3 concentration, and immunoglobulin status were measured at 30, 60, and 90 days. Neutrophil phagocytic function and levels of serum IgG and IgM and leukocytic ascorbate were considerably lower in the aged humans, but these decreases were attenuated by vitamin C supplementation. The level of IgA was not affected by aging. Improved neutrophil phagocytic function and humoral immune response were associated with increased vitamin C status in the aged population and might well contribute to the decreased risk of disease in the aged.
Effects of Yeast-Derived Protein vs Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma Supplementation on Growth Performance, Metabolism and Immune Response of Weanling Piglets

A total of 160 weaned pigs (PIC 327×1050, 7.35±0.50 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: i) control, a basal diet; ii) spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) diet, basal diet containing 4% SDPP; iii) SDPP plus yeast-deprived protein (YP) diet, basal diet containing 2% SDPP and 2% YP; and iv) YP diet, basal diet containing 4% YP. During the first week, average daily feed intake in piglets fed SDPP diet was markedly higher than piglets fed basal diet (+10%, P<0.05) and YP diet (+12%, P<0.05), but incidence of scour was higher than that in piglets fed YP diet. As a result, average daily gain (ADG) in piglets fed SDPP diet was similar to other groups, but ADG in piglets fed SDPP plus YP diet was higher than that in piglets fed basal diet (+13%, P<0.05). Serum levels of urea nitrogen and triglyceride were significantly decreased in piglets fed diet containing SDPP or YP relative to piglets fed basal diet (16˜54% lower, P<0.05). Moreover, feeding YP diet markedly decreased serum levels of cortisol (relative to basal and SDPP plus YP diet, P<0.05) and C-reactive protein (relative to other groups, P<0.05) at d 7 post-weaning. Based on the results of this experiment, SDPP and partially substituting SDPP by YP are beneficial for growth performance of piglets, which may be ascribed to the improved metabolic status and humoral immune response. Moreover, weaning stress-related parameters were profoundly reduced by feeding YP diet.
Response of a shallow‐water sediment system to warming

Effects of predicted global warming (+4°C) on the structure and function of a temperate shallow‐water sediment system were studied for 1.5 months during spring (March–April), using intact sediment in a flow‐through system under close to natural light conditions. Although significant effects from temperature were observed during the entire experimental period, many were rather moderate and probably a combination of both direct and indirect effects. With the exception of an earlier development of floating microalgal mats at raised temperature, dividing the autotrophic compartment into a benthic and pelagic part, autotrophic variables, such as oxygen production, biomass, and species composition of benthic microalgae did not respond to warming. However, uptake of nutrients did increase, strengthening the role of shallow‐water sediments as sinks for inorganic nutrients in spring. As hypothesized, heterotrophic variables (bacterial production, meiofaunal biomass, and dark fluxes of oxygen and total alkalinity) responded more clearly to warming than did autotrophic variables. Warming is generally hypothesized to push ecosystems towards heterotrophy, but there was no support for this in the present study. Although community respiration and anaerobic mineralization increased, the system remained highly autotrophic during the entire experiment due to the photosynthetic activity of benthic microalgae. The presence of a well‐developed benthic microalgal community, already in early spring, appeared to moderate the temperature response. It therefore seems that, in spring, benthic microalgae dampen ecological consequences of global warming in illuminated sediment systems by maintaining the system net autotrophic.
Explicit experimental evidence for the role of mate guarding in minimizing loss of paternity in the Seychelles warbler

Extra–pair copulations (EPCs) (copulations outside the pair bond) resulting in extra–pair fertilizations (EPFs) are widespread in birds. To increase reproductive success, males should not only seek EPCs, but also prevent their females from having EPFs. Male Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) follow their partner closely during the period when these females are most receptive (fertile period). The Seychelles warbler is the first species to offer explicit experimental evidence that mate guarding functions as paternity guarding: in territories where free–living males were induced to stop mate guarding during the pair female's fertile period, the rates of intrusions by other males and successful EPCs (male mounting female) were significantly higher than those observed in the control group and in the absence of mate guarding the frequency of successful EPCs increased significantly with local male density. Male warblers do not assure their paternity through frequent copulations to devalue any sperm from other males: males do not copulate with their partners immediately following a successful EPC obtained by their partners, the frequency of successful within–pair copulations does not increase with the frequency of successful EPCs and females initiate all successful copulations and are capable of resisting copulation attempts.
Networked dynamics of knowledge integration in strategic spatial planning processes: a social network approach

ABSTRACT Planning processes guiding sustainable urban futures are typically complex, non-linear and value-laden, but their knowledge dynamics are still not adequately understood. This paper explores the potential of social network analysis (SNA) as a part of mixed-method approach for analysing the dynamic social context of knowledge integration in planning processes. The empirical study uses detailed longitudinal data of a four-year statutory planning process in the Nordic context, providing a methodological contribution for understanding knowledge integration in planning with visual–analytical methods and actor-relational criteria. Findings provide a new understanding of the actual social realities of planning practice and the further conceptualization of situated process dynamics.
Analysis Factors Affecting
Indonesia Stock Market
(Case Studies on Consumer Goods Index)

This study aims to examine the effect of exchange rate and inflation on the stock market. The exchange rate used is the Rupiah against the US Dollar and the Consumer Price Index as a measure of inflation. While the sector used as a stock market case study is the Consumer Goods Index Sector. The study period during 2010–2017. The method used multiple linear regression with R software. The classic assumption test results show the existence of autocorrelation problems, but can be correcting by the Cochrane-Orcutt method on Eviews after 8 model iterations. The results of multiple linear regression tests showed that the exchange rate has a significant negative effect, while inflation has no significant effect on the Consumer Goods Index.
Interactions between social factors and ovarian development in the European house cricket A cheta domesticus

Several endocrine‐mediated processes in insects are influenced by environmental factors including the density and sex ratio of populations. Effects of grouping on total egg production and rate of vitellogenic ovary development were assessed in virgin Acheta domesticus (L.). Females midway through their last nymphal instar were isolated from a stock population of adults and nymphs of both sexes and maintained in groups or as isolates at 26–27 °C, 70% relative humidity, on a 12L‐12D photoperiod. The number of fully grown oocytes produced during the first 18 days of adult life was lower for animals in groups of 10 or 15 than for isolates, but antennectomy abolished this group effect. By contrast, terminal and penultimate oocyte length and ovary dry weight were greater in 5‐day‐old ♀‐♀ pairs than in isolates. The presence of mature males during the first 21 days of adult life did not affect total egg production. Whether these group effects on cricket ovary development are mediated by the endocrine system is not yet known.
Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activity of Ace Inhibitory Peptides Produced during the Fermentation of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Tempe

Fermentation products are common sources of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides used for hypertension treatment. This research investigated the effect of fermentation time on the ACE inhibitory activity produced during the fermentation of pigeon pea tempe and aimed to determine the optimal fermentation time to obtain pigeon pea tempe with the highest ACE inhibitory activity. Seeds were inoculated with Raprima® (0.02% w/w) containing Rhizopus oligosporus spores and fermented for 0-96 h. Protein pattern, degree of hydrolysis (DH), soluble protein content and ACE inhibitory activity were observed during fermentation. The result from SDS-PAGE shows that protein hydrolysis occurred after 12 h fermentation, marked by the appearance and greater intensity of protein bands with low-molecular-weight (60 kDa). An increase in DH and soluble protein content were detected during the fermentation and reached a maximum of 23.99% and 3.15 mg mL -1 at 96 h fermentation, respectively. The ACE inhibitory activity increased with fermentation time and pigeon pea tempe fermented for 48 h (76.14%) has the highest ACE inhibitory activity with IC 50 values of 0.65 mg mL -1 . It could be concluded that the optimal fermentation time to obtained pigeon pea tempe with the highest ACE inhibitory activity is for 48 h of fermentation.
Factors Influencing the Vertical Distribution of Nematodes in Sediments

ABSTRACT The effects of oxygenation of sediment and the presence of macrobenthic organisms (gammarids, tubificids, and chironomid larvae) on the vertical distribution and species segregation of nematodes were studied in laboratory microcosms with freshwater sediment. The abundance of nematodes was positively affected by oxygenation, particularly in the deep sediment layers. Small nematodes increased in the deeper layers of oxygenated treatment. Macrobenthic animals did not influence abundance or vertical distribution of nematodes but had an impact on nematode community structure. The families Tobrilidae and Monhysteridae dominated the community. In the control treatments the monhysterids were abundant, whereas the importance of tobrilids increased in the treatments with macrobenthic animals.
Group-attention Based Neural Machine Translation

Machine translation is a classic problem in natural language process (NLP). Recent years, the encoder and decoder through an attention mechanism has become a trend. Google proposed a new simple network architecture, the Transformer using attention mechanisms only rather than CNN or RNN in 2017. However, it may lose some important information (e.g., grammatical component, etc) when using attention mechanism for whole sentence.We propose a new brand model based on transformer using Group attention layers and group position embedding. It absorbs the features of Group-CNN combines the algorithm in computer vision (CV) and NLP. The model not only pays more attention to the ingredients (e.g., subject, predicate and adverbial, etc), but also enhances the connection of phrase. It outperforms SofA Transformer in using more syntactic information.
Increased lifetime reproductive success for Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus) males with delayed dispersal

In a crowded environment the natal territory could serve as a haven for young and inexperienced offspring until a breeding vacancy emerges. Delayed dispersal and association with kin could then offer adaptive benefits through an individual fitness gain. Here we report that delayed dispersal is associated with a higher lifetime individual fitness in Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus) males. Sons bred more successfully and had more reproductive events in life when they delayed dispersal. The higher lifetime reproductive success when sons disperse later in life is sufficient to promote postponement of natal dispersal, suggesting that dispersal is delayed due to ecological constraints on access to high–quality habitats. We argue that the maintenance of this variation in the timing of dispersal and reproductive success can be reconciled with non–genetic mechanisms driving dispersal. Social dominance within broods reflecting environmental conditions during growth is such a mechanism.
Light Regulation of Nuclear Photosynthetic Genes in Higher Plants

Light can modulate development and differentiation of the vital photosynthetic organelle, chloroplast, by photomorphogenetic mechanisms involved in regulating transcription of various photosynthetic genes encoded by nuclear genome. The nuclear genes encode majority of proteins involved in photosynthesis. After perception, light signal is transduced via signaling intermediates, which have been identified using various approaches. These signaling components can either directly influence the binding of light regulatory trans-acting factors to cis-acting elements present in a photosynthetic gene promoter or modulate their activity by various means to facilitate transcription in response to light. Some cis-acting elements show a high degree of conservation among photo-responsive nuclear genes in plants and have been designated as light regulatory elements (LREs). The gene regulation seems to involve interplay of several cis-acting elements and regulatory factors. Additional information available about the post-transcriptional mechanisms responsible for light-regulated expression of photosynthetic genes suggests the importance of these levels in regulation biology.