Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Benedict Cumberbatch to Sherlock Holmes: Character Identification in TV series without a Script

The goal of this paper is the automatic identification of characters in TV and feature film material. In contrast to standard approaches to this task, which rely on the weak supervision afforded by transcripts and subtitles, we propose a new method requiring only a cast list. This list is used to obtain images of actors from freely available sources on the web, providing a form of partial supervision for this task. In using images of actors to recognize characters, we make the following three contributions: (i) We demonstrate that an automated semi-supervised learning approach is able to adapt from the actor's face to the character's face, including the face context of the hair; (ii) By building voice models for every character, we provide a bridge between frontal faces (for which there is plenty of actor-level supervision) and profile (for which there is very little or none); and (iii) by combining face context and speaker identification, we are able to identify characters with partially occluded faces and extreme facial poses. Results are presented on the TV series 'Sherlock' and the feature film 'Casablanca'. We achieve the state-of-the-art on the Casablanca benchmark, surpassing previous methods that have used the stronger supervision available from transcripts.
Dynamical density functional theory of gas-liquid nucleation

We present a consistent dynamical nucleation theory based on density functional theory. By considering the properties of stable droplets in closed volumes, the height and shape of the barrier to nucleation are calculated. Contributions from fluctuations in the center of mass of the nucleating cluster are taken into account. Forward and backward rates for cluster dynamics are obtained, and nucleation rates are then evaluated under steady‐state conditions. We test the quantitative effects of several shortcuts to calculating nucleation rates. The predictions of the full theory presented here show very modest changes from those of the simpler nonclassical theory proposed earlier by Oxtoby and co‐workers.
Mechanism of action of DuP 721: inhibition of an early event during initiation of protein synthesis

The mode of action of DuP 721 was investigated. This compound was active primarily against gram-positive bacteria, including multiply resistant strains of staphylococci. Although inactive against wild-type Escherichia coli, DuP 721 did inhibit E. coli when the outer membrane was perturbed by genetic or chemical means. Pulse-labeling studies with E. coli PLB-3252, a membrane-defective strain, showed that DuP 721 inhibited amino acid incorporation into proteins. The 50% inhibitory concentration of DuP 721 for protein synthesis was 3.8 micrograms/ml, but it was greater than 64 micrograms/ml for RNA and DNA syntheses. The direct addition of DuP 721 to cell-free systems did not inhibit any of the reactions of protein synthesis from chain initiation through chain elongation with either synthetic or natural mRNA as template. However, cell extracts prepared from DuP 721 growth-arrested cells were defective in initiation-dependent polypeptide synthesis directed by MS2 bacteriophage RNA. These cell-free extracts were not defective in polypeptide elongation or in fMet-tRNA(fMet)-dependent polypeptide synthesis stimulated by poly(G.U). We conclude, therefore, that DuP 721 exerts its primary action at a step preceding the interaction of fMet-tRNA(fMet) and 30S ribosomal subunits with the initiator codon.
Ultrasound-mediated destruction of contrast agents. Effect of ultrasound intensity, exposure, and frequency.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Although ultrasound contrast microbubbles theoretically could serve as tracers for the noninvasive quantification of blood flow, results have been inconsistent. Accurate quantification may be limited by ultrasound energy-mediated microbubble destruction. This study examined the effect of different ultrasound delivery parameters on microbubble destruction. METHODS Experiments were performed in an in vitro hydraulic perfusion model consisting of a thin-walled rubber tube encased in agar. Ultrasonic parameters tested during different parts of the experiment were (1) intensity, (2) duration, and (3) frequency. Four ultrasound contrast agents: Aerosomes MRX115 (ImaRx Pharmaceuticals Corp., Tucson, AZ), Imagent AF0150 US (Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., San Diego, CA), Levovist (Berlex Laboratories, Wayne, NJ), and Echogen (Sonus Pharmaceuticals, Bothel, WA) were imaged with three different ultrasound systems: ATL Ultramark AM-9 HDI, Vingmed 800 and Hewlett-Packard 2500. RESULTS Microbubble destruction and reductions in reflectivity were noted in all agents tested. Although no significant reductions in counts or reflectivity occurred at 0.3 W/cm2 with any agent, exposure to 25 W/cm2 produced more than 80% reductions in both microbubble counts (P < 0.0001) and reflectivity (P < 0.0001). Declines in reflectivity were increased by longer exposure to ultrasound (P < 0.0001); slower flow through an ultrasound beam (P < 0.0001); continuous, rather than intermittent, imaging (P = 0.0002); use of a higher pulse repetition rate (P < 0.0001); and exposure to 2.5 MHz, rather than 7.5 MHz, ultrasound (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound energy-mediated destruction of contrast microbubbles is a function of many factors, including ultrasound intensity, duration, and frequency. Optimization of ultrasound delivery parameters may be used to maximize or minimize the destruction of ultrasound contrast agents.
Clinical research of postoperative comprehensive rehabilitation in treating brachial plexus injuries

DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20131797 Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai 200040, China (Xu XJ, Zhou JM and Gu YD) Correspondence to: Dr. Zhou Junming, Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China (Tel: 86-21-52889341. Email: zjm2585@163.com) Short communication
High-frequency ultrasound characteristics of 24 iris and iridociliary melanomas: before and after plaque brachytherapy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate size, characteristics, and regression of iris and iridociliary melanomas on high-frequency ultrasound images before and after plaque brachytherapy. METHODS Retrospective review of high-frequency ultrasound characteristics of 24 consecutive iris and iridociliary melanomas before and after radiation therapy. RESULTS The median tumor thickness before radiation therapy was 2.3 mm (range, 1.4-4.3 mm). Nineteen iris melanomas (79%) involved the ciliary body, 18 (75%) involved the iris pigment epithelium, 11 (46%) were club shaped, and 4 (17%) caused disinsertion of the iris root. At a median follow-up of 30 months after plaque brachytherapy, the mean tumor thickness had diminished to 1.2 mm (median, 1.2 mm; range, 0.9-1.9 mm). While all tumors exhibited a reduction in thickness, no tumors showed additional regression after 30 months past treatment. Fourteen tumors (58%) were noted to have increases in internal reflectivity. There was 1 failure of local control (at 6 years), successfully treated by a second application of plaque brachytherapy. CONCLUSION High-frequency ultrasonography revealed unique tumor characteristics, quantified tumor size, and demonstrated tumor response to radiation therapy.
And the Real Butchers, Brewers and Bakers? Towards the Integration of Ethics and Economics

The difficult dialogue between human rights and business shows that neither the adoption of codes of conduct nor the enforcement of legal norms would overcome the supposed incompatibility of ethics and economics. Such a general supposition is the effect of a narrow understanding of economic activities, which in turn is the result of both neoliberal ideology and the traditional externalising approach of economics. I stress the necessity of the integration of ethics and economics, which would require not only the broadening of the economic horizon, but also the redefinition of the status of economic theories. I propose to conceive of this redefinition as a shift of the theoretical allegiance of economic conceptualisations, from the supposedly descriptive natural and social sciences to the discourse of politics.
Applying the Performance Partnership Model to Smoking Cessation

A wide array of partners can be convened around a single measurable outcome, such as driving down smoking prevalence, through the use of an innovative approach called the performance partnership model. This approach has certain key characteristics that make it different from ordinary coalition building, such as following four steps leading to a baseline, a target, an action plan, and an impact measurement plan. It also employs great speed and focus to keep partners engaged, and it has led to demonstrable progress on smoking cessation nationwide.
Diabetes and cognitive decline in a French cohort of patients infected with HIV-1

Objective: We investigated the relationship of diabetes and prediabetes with cognitive performances, assessed through raw test and z scores and according to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) classification in a cohort of individuals infected with HIV. Methods: The ANRS CO3 Aquitaine cohort is a prospective hospital-based cohort of HIV-1–infected patients under routine clinical management in 6 public hospitals in southwestern France. Between 2007 and 2009, an ancillary study consisted of a neuropsychological battery of 10 tests at baseline and 2-year follow-up. The severity of NCI (normal, asymptomatic, mild, HIV dementia) was assessed according to international guidelines. Results: At baseline (400 patients, 33 with prediabetes, 39 with diabetes), in cross-sectional multivariable analyses, patients with diabetes performed significantly worse on 9 neuropsychological tests that assessed memory, executive functions, attention, psychomotor speed, language, and manual dexterity. Participants with prediabetes had worse performances compared with those who had normal glycemia in 5 tests. The longitudinal analysis of the association between glycemia status at baseline and change in cognitive performances over 2-year follow-up (n = 283) suggested that patients with diabetes also showed a slightly higher decline on 5 of the 10 tests, those involving executive functions and memory functioning. Glycemia status at baseline was not significantly associated with NCI severity in cross-sectional (p = 0.44) and longitudinal (p = 0.64) analyses. Conclusions: In this hospital-based cohort of people living with HIV, diabetes, but not the other cardiovascular risk factors, is associated with worse cognitive performances in several cognitive domains and with larger decline in fewer domains over the short term.
A study of Active-Wheel snake robot locomotion gaits

This research aims to study the locomotion of a wheel snake robot in different environments. The wheel snake robot was developed in the form of Active-Wheel Active-Joint to easily create mobile forms for use in variety of different operating conditions. Using the motion by the force of the wheel, waves are created by the robot to generate friction conditions that can propel the robot in the desired direction. In this work we experimented with three types of environment: a flat ground, a slope and a tight corner. The experiment shows that the Active-Wheel Sinusoidal (AWS) gait is the best solution for traveling on a flat ground and a slope. For turning in a tight corner, the robot should use the Active-Joint Active-Wheel (AJAW) gait. By adjusting parameters such as motion shape and motor driving speed, the experiment showed that the L-shape gait with varied drive speed required the smallest turning area compared to other gaits that were tested.
Embryonic Purkinje Cells Grafted on the Surface of the Adult Uninjured Rat Cerebellum Migrate in the Host Parenchyma and Induce Sprouting of Intact Climbing Fibres

By grafting solid pieces of cerebellar anlage onto the surface of the adult rat cerebellum, we have investigated the problem of the interactions between embryonic and adult neurons in an intact brain. A few days after grafting, embryonic astrocytic processes crossed the graft‐host interface and radiated into the recipient molecular layer. Several grafted Purkinje cells also migrated into the host brain along such processes as well as adult Bergmann glia. Adult climbing fibres, labelled by means of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L), sprouted new collateral branches which terminated on embryonic Purkinje cells at both extra‐ and intraparenchymal levels. No sign of activation of host astroglia or microglia was evident in the host cerebellum in relation to these processes. Embryonic Purkinje cells which migrated into the host cerebellum developed an adult‐like morphology. Intraparenchymal grafts of neocortical embryonic tissue induced conspicuous growth of host olivary axons, characterized by a pattern which was different from that observed following cerebellar grafts. By contrast, when neocortical tissue was placed onto the surface of the recipient cerebellum, graft‐host interactions were limited and climbing fibre sprouting was rarely seen. These results show that (i) supernumerary Purkinje cells can penetrate and settle in the adult intact cerebellar cortex, (ii) adult climbing fibres are able to innervate these new targets in the absence of any injury or activation of non‐neuronal cells of the adult brain, and (iii) in the absence of damage to the adult brain, the plasticity of adult olivary axons is specifically elicited and controlled by embryonic Purkinje cells.
Are stem cell niches shared for skin cancers?

Demonstrating the link between normal tissue stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tracing the origins of cancer at the very earliest stages is now a key goal in the treatment of many types of cancer. Linking tumors back to the precise cell of origin has strong implications for our view of tumors and how to treat them. Normal tissue stem cells are capable of both self-renewal and differentiation, the integration of which is essential to tissue maintenance and function. Stem cells may cycle between quiescence or proliferation and self-renewal according to the natural rhythms of the tissue or following various external stimuli (e.g. tissue injury). Neighboring cells and extracellular matrix play a supporting role in maintaining stem cell identity and this microenvironment, or niche, may regulate the transition between stem cell proliferation and quiescence. Interestingly, the stem cell origin model of cancer predicts that cancer stem cells retain certain properties of the tissue stem cell, including unlimited self-renewal, the production of many daughter cells that make up the tumor bulk (i.e. CSCs are very rare within the tumor), cycling through quiescence and active cell division depending on changes in the tumor microenvironment, and creation of new niches during the metastatic process.
Stabilization of Exocytosis by Dynamic F-actin Coating of Zymogen Granules in Pancreatic Acini*

Reorganization of F-actin in the apical region of mouse pancreatic acinar cells during Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of zymogen granules was investigated by two-photon excitation microscopy with intact acini. Granules were rapidly coated with F-actin in response to either agonist stimulation or photolysis of a caged-Ca2+ compound. Such F-actin coating occurred exclusively at the surface of granules undergoing exocytosis and was prevented either by latrunculin-A, which inhibits actin polymerization, or by Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3, which inhibits the small GTPase Rho. Latrunculin-A or exoenzyme C3 also triggered the formation of vacuoles in acinar cells, a characteristic of acute pancreatitis. Stimulation of acini with high concentrations of cholecystokinin, which cause acute pancreatitis in mice, also impaired the F-actin coating of granules and induced vacuole formation. Latrunculin-A reduced the latency to exocytosis but did not affect the total number of exocytic events, suggesting that F-actin slows and further stabilizes exocytosis by facilitating F-actin coating. Rho-dependent F-actin coating of granule membranes thus stabilizes exocytic structures and is necessary for physiological progression of sequetial compound exocytosis in the exocrine pancreas and for prevention of acute pancreatitis.
Web access pattern mining - a new method

An efficient web access pattern mining algorithm, FOL-mine is presented in this paper. The FOL-mine algorithm is based on the projected database of each frequent event and eliminates the need for construction of pattern tree. A data structure, first occurrence list (FOL), is introduced in the proposed algorithm for efficient handling of suffix building. Rebuilding of projection databases is completely eliminated in the new method. Experimental analysis of the algorithms reveals significant performance gain over other web access pattern mining algorithms.
Spin foams as Feynman diagrams

It has been recently shown that a certain non-topological spin foam model can be obtained from the Feynman expansion of a field theory over a group. The field theory defines a natural ``sum over triangulations'', which removes the cut off on the number of degrees of freedom and restores full covariance. The resulting formulation is completely background independent: spacetime emerges as a Feynman diagram, as it did in the old two-dimensional matrix models. We show here that any spin foam model can be obtained from a field theory in this manner. We give the explicit form of the field theory action for an arbitrary spin foam model. In this way, any model can be naturally extended to a sum over triangulations. More precisely, it is extended to a sum over 2-complexes.
Conjugation of Mannose 6-Phosphate-containing Oligosaccharides to Acid α-Glucosidase Improves the Clearance of Glycogen in Pompe Mice*

Clinical studies of enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe disease have indicated that relatively high doses of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA) may be required to reduce the abnormal glycogen storage in cardiac and skeletal muscles. This may be because of inefficient cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR)-mediated endocytosis of the enzyme by the affected target cells. To address this possibility, we examined whether the addition of a high affinity ligand to rhGAA would improve its delivery to these cells. Chemical conjugation of high mannose oligosaccharides harboring mono- and bisphosphorylated mannose 6-phosphates onto rhGAA (neo-rhGAA) significantly improved its uptake characteristics by muscle cells in vitro. Infusion of neo-rhGAA into Pompe mice also resulted in greater delivery of the enzyme to muscle tissues when compared with the unmodified enzyme. Importantly, this increase in enzyme levels was associated with significantly improved clearance of glycogen (∼5-fold) from the affected tissues. These results suggest that CI-MPR-mediated endocytosis of rhGAA is an important pathway by which the enzyme is delivered to the affected lysosomes of Pompe muscle cells. Hence, the generation of rhGAA containing high affinity ligands for the CI-MPR represents a strategy by which the potency of rhGAA and therefore the clinical efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe disease may be improved.
Adaptation of Balance Theories to the Assessment of Sustainable Economic Development of Business Units

The article deals with the category of sustainable development and its application to business units' activities. The essential ideological basis of the article is the need to combine business interests in profit increment, aimed at increasing stability, through extensive use of balance sheet instruments as well.Financial stability still occupies a vital place, despite a growing priority of environmental and social components of sustainable business development. Its analysis requires the use of static and dynamic balance theories. Their practical application calls for an adequate perception of a current financial and economic situation in a specific place and time period. From this perspective, the authors consider it necessary to use a variety of different balance techniques, depending on specific goals, faced by users of accounting information flows.The researchers make a conclusion about the essential priority of business units functioning longer, even at the expense of short-term achievements of a high level of profitability. In this regard, frequent revaluation of assets should be considered ineffective. This makes it objectively necessary to use both static and dynamic balance theories.
Malignancy in unrecognised coeliac disease: a nail in the coffin for mass screening?

Fear of malignancy has been the driver of many of the recommendations and guidelines on the investigation and management of coeliac disease since the malignant complications of coeliac disease were first recognised in the 1960s.1 2 What these early papers variously called reticulum cell sarcoma, intestinal reticulosis or malignant histiocytosis is now labelled as an enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma (EATL). Cases can present acutely with obstruction or perforation, or chronically with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and weight loss, or, if coeliac disease has been previously diagnosed, a clinical relapse after responding to treatment with a gluten-free diet (GFD). It has a poor prognosis, generally following an intractable downhill course, with fewer than 20% surviving for >3 years.3–5 Initial estimates suggested that the relative risk of EATL might be 40–100 times higher than in the general population and that 10% of patients with coeliac disease diagnosed over age 50 would be harbouring a lymphoma.6–8 Furthermore, in one of the most cited papers ever to appear in Gut , Holmes et al reported that the long-term follow-up of a cohort of 210 patients with coeliac disease showed that the risks of developing EATL were much lower in those taking a strict GFD.9 These findings have been widely used to justify the need for a strict GFD, although the term ‘strict’ was not clearly defined in their paper. As larger studies have appeared, based on populations rather than hospital series, …
Identification of Walking Strategies of People With Osteoarthritis of the Knee Using Insole Pressure Sensors

Insole pressure sensors capture the different forces exercised over the different parts of the sole when performing tasks standing up. Using data analysis and machine learning techniques, common patterns and strategies from different users to execute different tasks can be extracted. In this paper, we present the evaluation results of the impact that clinically diagnosed osteoarthritis of the knee at early stages has on insole pressure sensors while walking at normal speeds focusing on the effects caused at points, where knee forces tend to peak for normal users. From the different parts of the foot affected at high knee force moments, the forefoot pressure distribution and the heel to forefoot weight reallocation strategies have shown to provide better correlations with the user’s perceived pain in the knee for OA users with mild knee pain. This paper shows how the time differences and variabilities from two sensors located in the metatarsal zone while walking provide a simple mechanism to detect different strategies used by users suffering OA of the knee from control users with no knee pain. The weight dynamic reallocation at the midfoot, when moving forward from heel to forefoot, has also shown to positively correlate with the perceived knee pain. The major asymmetries between pressure patterns in both feet while walking at normal speeds are also captured. Based on the described features, automatic evaluation self-management rehabilitation tools could be implemented to continuously monitor and provide personalized feedback for OA patients with mild knee pain to facilitate user adherence to individualized OA rehabilitation.