Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SeaSonal abundance and biting activity of Anopheles Aconitus (diptera: culicidae) in chiang Mai, northern thailand

The seasonal abundance and nocturnal biting activity of Anopheles aconitus, a secondary vector of malaria in Thailand, were investigated from January 2005 to February 2006. Seasonal changes in abundance were mainly influenced by monthly rainfall, with a major peak occurring from August to November. This species preferred to bite animals rather than humans, and favored biting humans outdoors rather than indoors. The biting activity was highest at dusk and/or in the evening, but was low throughout the remaining night-hours. A unimodal pattern of biting, with a peak occurring at 06:00-08:00 pm was seen in An. aconitus. The overall parous rate was 51.19% (35.85-75.00%). During peak abundance (August to November), a parous rate ranging from 42.86 to 61.57 was observed. Of 1,198 dissected specimen stomachs, 0.17% (2/1,198) were found to be infected with oocysts. No sporozoites were detected in any of the 1,198 specimen salivary glands.
Sarcobataceae - a new family of Caryophyllales.

A review of the discovery and early descriptions of Sarcobatus as well as of its taxonomic history is presented. Studies of the form and size of sieve-element plastids in the order Caryophyllales reveal significant differences between Sarcobatus (so far in Chenopodiaceae) and the majority of the Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae clade (i.e., suborder Chenopodiineae). The presence of P3cfform sieve-element plastids and concomitant absence of chenopod-specific P3f-form plastids reinforce other evidence, in particular from chloroplast DNA sequencing, to make appear Sarcobatus quite distinct from the Chenopodiineae clade and suggest that its proper place is in the vicinity of the Phytolaccaceae and Nyctaginaceae. Therefore, Sarcobatus is segregated as a new family, Sarcobataceae.
Morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) and Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Control with Glyphosate and 2,4-DB Mixtures in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1

Abstract: Glyphosate effectively controls most weeds in glyphosate-resistant soybean. However, it is sometimes only marginally effective on Ipomoea spp. A field experiment was conducted at five locations in North Carolina to determine the effects of mixing 2,4-DB with glyphosate on Ipomoea spp. control and on soybean injury and yield. The isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g ai/ha controlled mixtures of tall morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, and red morningglory at least 96% at two locations. Mixing the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-DB at 35 g ae/ha with glyphosate did not increase control but reduced soybean yield 6%. At two other locations, 2,4-DB increased control of tall morningglory and a mixture of entireleaf morningglory and ivyleaf morningglory 13 to 22% when mixed with glyphosate at 560 g/ha, but not when mixed with glyphosate at 840 or 1,120 g/ha. Soybean yield was reduced 31% at one location and was unaffected at the other. At the fifth location, 2,4-DB increased control of tall morningglory 25, 11, and 7% when mixed with glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g/ha, respectively. Soybean yield was increased 15%. In separate field experiments, glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g/ha controlled large crabgrass at least 99%. Mixing 2,4-DB at 35 g/ha with glyphosate did not affect control. In the greenhouse, mixing 2,4-DB at 35, 70, 140, or 280 g/ha with glyphosate at 70 to 560 g/ha did not affect large crabgrass control by glyphosate. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; 2,4-DB; entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray #3 IPOHG; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. # IPOHE; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA; red morningglory, Ipomoea coccinea L. # IPOCC; tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth # PHBPU; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hartz 5566 RR’. Additional index words: Herbicide combinations, herbicide interactions, herbicide-resistant crops. Abbreviations: WAT, weeks after treatment.
Loss of efficacy of subsequent nonsurgical therapy after primary treatment failure in pediatric low‐grade glioma patients—Report from the German SIOP‐LGG 2004 cohort

First‐line treatment of pediatric low‐grade glioma using surgery, radio‐ or chemotherapy fails in a relevant proportion of patients. We analyzed efficacy of subsequent surgical and nonsurgical therapies of the German cohort of the SIOP‐LGG 2004 study (2004‐2012, 1558 registered patients; median age at diagnosis 7.6 years, median observation time 9.2 years, overall survival 98%/96% at 5/10 years, 15% neurofibromatosis type 1 [NF1]). During follow‐up, 1078/1558 patients remained observed without (n = 217), with 1 (n = 707), 2 (n = 124) or 3 to 6 (n = 30) tumor volume reductions; 480/1558 had 1 (n = 332), 2 (n = 80), 3 or more (n = 68) nonsurgical treatment‐lines, accompanied by up to 4 tumor‐reductive surgeries in 215/480; 265/480 patients never underwent any neurosurgical tumor volume reduction (163/265 optic pathway glioma). Patients with progressing tumors after first‐line adjuvant treatment were at increased risk of suffering further progressions. Risk factors were young age (<1 year) at start of treatment, tumor dissemination or progression within 18 months after start of chemotherapy. Progression‐free survival rates declined with subsequent treatment‐lines, yet remaining higher for patients with NF1. In non‐NF1‐associated tumors, vinblastine monotherapy vs platinum‐based chemotherapy was noticeably less effective when used as second‐line treatment. Yet, for the entire cohort, results did not favor a certain sequence of specific treatment options. Rather, all can be aligned as a portfolio of choices which need careful balancing of risks and benefits. Future molecular data may predict long‐term tumor biology.
Phytochemicals and Enzyme Inhibitory Capacities of the Methanolic Extracts from the Italian Apple Cultivar Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini

The phytochemical profile of the methanolic extracts (pulp and peel) obtained from two dehydration methods (drying and freeze-lyophilization) of the traditional Italian apple Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini, as well as their inhibitory properties against some biological enzymes (α-glucosidase, lipase, monoamine oxidase A, tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase) were assessed in this study. HPLC-DAD-MS technique was used for the determination of polyphenolic and triterpenic compounds. The determination of the enzymes inhibitory effect was made through spectrophotometric techniques. The peel extracts were richer in bioactive compounds than the pulp. In this regard, the extracts from freeze-lyophilization displayed higher levels of flavan-3-ols, flavonol glycosides and dihydrochalcones. However, the extracts obtained from dried material displayed a stronger enzyme inhibition. Notably, the peel extracts showed a higher activity than the pulp ones, especially in terms of α-glucosidase whereby some samples exerted a similar enzymatic inhibition than acarbose (100% inhibition) at high concentrations (1 mg/mL). These results encourage thus further studies on this traditional Italian apple as a potential source of nutraceuticals helpful to prevent the insurgence of some pathologies.
Nutritional Potential of the Leaves and Seeds of Black Nightshade- Solanum nigrum L. Var virginicum from Afikpo-Nigeria

The nutritional potential of the leaves and seeds of Solanum nigrum L. Var virginicum was assessed by determining proximate and phytochemical composition. Results indicate protein content of the leaves and seed as 24.90% and 17.63% respectively. Other findings are ash 10.18% and 8.05%, crude fibre, 6.81% and 6.29 and carbohydrate, 53.51 and 55.85% for the leaves and seed respectively. Mineral analysis revealed the order Mg>K>Ca>Fe>Na>Mn>Zn in the leaves and Mg>K>Fe>Ca>Na>Mn>Zn in the seeds. Phosphorus and sulphur levels were 75.22 and 8.55 mg/100g in the leaves and 62.50 and 14.48, g/100g in the seeds. Vitamin content indicate the order vit C>vit B,>Folic acid>Vit E>Vit A in both the leaves and seeds. Phytochemical analysis revealed high oxalate, phenol but low sterol content in the studied plant materials. Cyanide levels were higher in the leaves compared to the seeds. These results suggest that S. nigrum L. Var virginicum to be nutritive despite the presence of some anti-nutritive components like oxalate.
The early Triassic rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni and the interrelationships of basal archosauromorph reptiles

Restudy of the unique diapsid reptile Mesosuchus browni Watson, from the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone (late Early Triassic to early Middle Triassic) of the Burgersdorp Formation (Tarkastad Subgroup; Beaufort Group) of South Africa, confirms that it is the most plesiomorphic known member of the Rhynchosauria. A new phylogenetic analysis of basal taxa of Archosauromorpha indicates that Choristodera falls outside of the Sauria, Prolacertiformes is a paraphyletic taxon with Prolacerta sharing a more recent common ancestor with Archosauriformes than with any other clade, Megalancosaurus and Drepanosaurus are sister taxa in the clade Drepanosauridae within Archosauromorpha, and are the sister group to the clade Tanystropheidae composed of Tanystropheus , Macrocnemus , and Langobardisaurus . Combination of the phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs and their known stratigraphic ranges reveals significant gaps in the fossil records of Late Permian and Triassic diapsids. Extensions of the temporal ranges of several lineages of diapsids into the Late Permian suggests that more groups of terrestrial reptiles survived the end-Permian mass extinction than thought previously.
Influence of the Drying Technique of Silica Gels on the Enzymatic Activity of Encapsulated Lipase

Recent studies by Reetz et al. (Reetz, M.T., Zonta, A. and Simpelkamp, J. (1996a) Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 49, 527-534) have shown that the catalytic activity of lipase encapsulated in sol-gel materials, in esterification reactions, depends on many parameters such as the presence of hydrophobic groups grafted on the gel network and of an organic component in the gel network. In the present study, we have examined the effect of the gel pore texture which can be modified by varying the drying technique, for a given silica precursor composition and hydrolysis-condensation procedure. For a given mixture of two silane precursors, propyltri-methoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane, we compared the effects of the presence or absence of an organic component such as polyvinyl alcohol, in combination with drying either by evaporation which leads to the formation of xerogels, or by supercritical drying in CO2 which leads to the formation of aerogels. For this last technique, the exchange of liquid is also an important step and its effect on the enzyme activity has been examined. The gel pore texture was characterized by nitrogen absorption according to the Brunauer Emmett and Teller method. The catalytic activities of the materials were compared in the esterification of lauric acid by 1-octanol.
Effects of Marital Status on Prognosis in Women with Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast: A Real-World 1: 1 Propensity-Matched Study

Background The effects of marital status on infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast cancer (IDC) have not been studied in detail. This study investigated the impact of marital status on IDC patients. Material/Methods SEER databases were searched from 2010 to 2015 for subjects who were married, divorced, single, and widowed. The influence of marital status on breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) of IDC patients was investigated through multivariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis. To prevent bias, propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed. Results The 5-year OS was 89.6%in married patients, 84.9% in divorced patients, 83.5% in single patients, and 71.3% in widowed patients (p<0.001). The 5-year BCSS were 92.9%, 90.2%, 87.6%, and 86.4%, respectively (p<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that marriage was a protective factor for patients with IDC in terms of OS (divorced: HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.21–1.32; p<0.001; single: HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.31–1.42; p<0.001; widowed: HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.36–1.48; p<0.001) and BCSS (divorced: HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09–1.21; p<0.001; single: HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.21–1.33; p<0.001; widowed: HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.25–1.40; p<0.001). Following subgroup and PSM analysis, married patients were shown to have better OS and BCSS as opposed to divorced, single, or widowed patients. Conclusions We identify marital status as a predictor of survival in those with IDC. Widowed patients showed the highest mortality risk.
Immunological importance of the second gut segment of carp.III.Systemic and/or mucosal immune responses after immunization with soluble or particulate antigen

Mucosal and systemic (serum) immune responses were studied after oral, anal or intramuscular (i.m.) immunization with particulate (Vibrio anguillarum) or soluble (ferritin) antigen. Antigen specific antibodies were found by ELISA in skin mucus after repeated oral or anal administration of bacteria, but not after immunization with ferritin. Daily feeding with bacteria did not give detectable antibodies in serum, while regular oral administration of ferritin resulted in an increase of specific antibodies during the first 3 weeks. From that time immunosuppression was observed, as the antibody titre decreased despite the continued ferritin feeding. Immunosuppression was also found after a second anal intubation or i.m. injection with ferritin, independent of the route of priming (i.m. or anal). On the contrary, a second anal intubation of bacteria resulted in a secondary serum response. These results combined with those reported in Parts I and II of the study indicate an important immunological role for the second gut segment. Because mucosal as well as serum responses can be obtained by anal immunization with bacteria, the significance for oral vaccination is discussed.
Graph Tracer Method: Simultaneous Identification of Segmented Vascular True Vessels From Retinal Replica

Identification of retinal blood vessels morphology reflects the heart disease like hypertension, coronary heart disease etc. The contingency of the retinal vessels helps to detect the cardiovascular condition of human body. The aim of this paper is to find the optimal path of the true vessels from the segmented vessel graph. The major challenges in this identification are crossover and bifurcation that leads to ambiguity when one vessel is tracked on a one-at-a-time basis. To avoid this, the vessel tracking, vessel segmentation and vessel identification are preformed simultaneously. Hence the complete vessel of the retina is determined.
Food and Feeding Habits of Some Bats from Turkey

Food habits data were obtained from 26 species of bats from Turkey. Barbastella barbastellus, Myotis capaccinii, M. mystacinus, Plecotus auritus, P. austriacus, P. kolombatovici, P. macrobullaris, and Rhinolophus euryale were primarily moth feeders. Eptesicus bottae, E. serotinus, Myotis myotis, and Taphozous nudiventris fed heavily on beetles. Myotis aurascens and, M. brandtii fed heavily on Diptera. Myotis blythii and Tadarida teniotis were tentatively classified as cricket feeders at least in Turkey. Hypsugo savii, Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis emarginatus, M. nattereri, Pipistrellus kuhlii, P. pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. hipposideros, and R. mehelyi preyed on a variety of insects and may be treated as generalists. In 17 species, the foods found paralleled those previously reported in the literature, but in nine (some with notably small samples) they did not. These are apparently the first data on the food of Plecotus macrobullaris, P. kolombatovici, M. schreibersii, and M. aurascens.
Avian species richness in Tropical South America

The most extensive biomes of tropical South America, in particular the Amazonian Forest, are the richest in total number of bird species and number of endemic species. On the other hand, relative diversity of species and endemic species (number of species per 10,000 km2 of biome) is highest in areally restricted and/or isolated biomes like the Pacific Colombian‐Ecuadorian Forest, the Andean Montane Forest and the Pantepui Montane Forest. Local species richness is highest in Amazonia, especially in upper Amazonia where 400 to 430 forest bird species (over 500 species, if water‐birds and migrants are included) occur at individual localities. Very high species richness characterizes also the avifaunas of the forests which extend, from upper Amazonia, far eastward in the hilly country both to the north and to the south of the central Amazon Valley. By contrast, local species diversity is considerably reduced in central Amazonia. The avifaunas at individual Amazonian localities are five to six times richer in .
The lichen flora of Sable Island, Nova Scotia: its past, present and likely future status

Abstract This paper reports the first detailed study of lichens on Sable Island since the pioneering study of John Macoun in 1899 who recorded 27 taxa in his publications. The present survey carried out in 2007, revealed that 39 macrolichens and 42 crusts now colonize sand, bone, lignum and cement substrata. The annotated checklist which includes current and former records contains 62 macrolichens and 46 crustose species plus seven lichen parasymbionts. Specimens have been deposited in the Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History, Halifax (nspm) and in the Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa (canl). The changes in the lichen flora, and the possible reasons for them, that have occurred over the past 20 years and since the first survey in 1899, are discussed. Speculations on the future of the present lichen flora on Sable Island are also made.
Chlorogenic and quinic acids in sunflower meal

Chlorogenic and quinic acids were isolated from the kernel of sunflower seed by column chromatography and identified by paper chromatography. Ultra-violet and infra-red spectra of the above acids were compared with those of pure preparations. The contents of both acids in the kernel and hull of sunflower seeds were determined and the conversion of chlorogenic acid into quinic acid at temperatures of 100° and 135° was followed. During storage of sunflower meal re-synthesis of chlorogenic acid was observed. Effects of isolates of chlorogenic and quinic acids on α-amylase, trypsin and lipase activity were detected.
Autumn Herbivory by White-Tailed Deer and Nutrient Loss in Planted Seedlings

ABSTRACT White-tailed deer in the agricultural Midwest are limited during fall and winter to areas of combined food and cover, usually remnant forests in a matrix of agriculture. During this period, tree seedlings may be at higher risk to herbivory because herbaceous and agricultural foods are unavailable and deer are concentrated in forest patches. We monitored planted swamp white oak seedlings to examine how autumnal herbivory affected nutrient loss and survival. Herbivory during this season resulted in significant losses of nitrogen and phosphorous stored within the stem, with nitrogen stores significantly reduced throughout the seedling's tissues. Nutrient loss due to deer herbivory has the potential to prevent seedlings from reaching reproductive maturity, altering future successional paths and affecting forest composition. To alleviate herbivory pressure, forested refuges may benefit from hunting or sharpshooting, with treatments coinciding with peak crop harvest activity.
Isolation and characterization of synthetic detergentdegraders from wastewater

The biodegradability of the principal component of synthetic detergent products known as linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) has been contentious, hence the need to evaluate its primary biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms in wastewater ecosystem. The native microbial consortium of a wastewater ecosystem found to utilize detergent components were characterized using standard and conventional methods. The organisms identified were Enterococcus majodoratus, Klebsiella liquefasciens, Enterobacter liquefasciens, Klebsiella aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans, Staphylococcus albus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus sp. , Klebsiella oxytoca, Brevibacterium sp. , Myceliophthora thermophila, Geomyces sp. , Alternaria alternata, Verticillium alboatrum, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus oryzae. Alkaline pH and mesophilic temperature range (33.9 – 34.3oC) was found to be supportive of the metabolic activities of the detergent-degraders in the tropical wastewater ecosystem. The bacterial detergent-degraders were more of gram-negative than gram-positive. Fungal detergent-degrader activities were abruptly terminated as the pH shifted to the alkaline range probably due to production of alkaline intermediates. The biodegradation of the synthetic detergent components that occurs in wastewaters, sewage treatment plants and in the ultimate open-water receiving ecosystems is primarily the result of microbial activities.
Towards TRAIL to silencing of SMURF and NEDD4: FLIP is flopped -

Objective Prostate cancer is a multifactorial anomaly that arises and exacerbates because of miscellaneous key mediators instrumental in disease aggressiveness. Heterogeneity of the disease offers stumbling blocks in standardization of therapeutic interventions. TRAIL is an endogenous key mediator that has central role in killing neoplastic cells and sparing innocent cells. However this ligand also undergoes a downregulation in prostate carcinogenesis. In this particular study we hypothesized whether abrogation of negative regulators of TGF signaling potentiates the expression of TRAIL or not. Materials and methods In this particular study we have used androgen sensitive prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) and treated it with TGF. TGF treatment was also given to LNCaP cell line. RNA interference technique was used to unfold the correlation betweeen TGF signaling and TRAIL expression in the LNCaP cell line. The results were analyzed by RT PCR. Results We have treated the TGF treated cell line with siRNA of NEDD4 and SMURF. There was a successful blockade of both genes at transcriptional level as evidenced by RT PCR study. Simultaneously there was remarkable upregulation in the expression of TRAIL. Another interesting observation was that TGF treatment triggered expression of TRAIL and this activity shifted to a robust activation after abrogation of negative regulators of TGF signal transduction. Conclusion In this study, we show that TRAIL expression is upregulated upon exposure of LNCaP cell lines to TGF-β and that TRAIL is a major contributor to apoptosis mediated by TGF-β. Consistent with the interpretations it is obvious that NEDD4 and SMURF are the major proteins involved in the deviation of core biological systems and combinatorial blockade of these genes by rational drug design or alternatively, drugging negative regulators of TGF pathway might offer exciting avenues in translational oncology
Effectiveness and Importance of Pollinators to the Star Cactus (Astrophytum asterias)

Abstract Astrophytum asterias (star cactus) is an obligate outcrosser that does not reproduce vegetatively, so all reproduction is the result of inter-plant transfer of pollen by insects. By measuring seed set resulting from single pollinator visits, we evaluated effectiveness (mean seed set per visit) and importance of pollinator (effectiveness times frequency of visitation) of insects visiting flowers of A. asterias. Results indicate that the most common visitor, Macrotera lobata, is a relatively ineffective pollinator, while the less common Diadasia rinconis is the most effective and important pollinator. Two behavioral variables (duration of visit, whether or not visitors landed on the stigma) were assessed as possible predictors of fruit set. While duration of visit was not predictive of fruit set, there was a positive correlation between fruit set and the proportion of visits a visitor landed on the stigma when entering the flower.