Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polypores (Basidiomycota) from Qin Mts. in Shaanxi Province, Central China

133 species of polypores were identified based mostly on collections from Qin Mts. of southern Shaanxi Province, central China. A checklist of the polypores with substrate and collecting data is supplied. Two new species, Polyporus rhododendri Y.C. Dai & H.S. Yuan and Postia qinensis Y.C. Dai & Y.L. Wei, are described and illustrated. The former is an elegant species growing on Rhododendron, and it has almost sessile basidiocarps; microscopically it is characterized by fusiform basidiospores. The latter is characterized by white, soft, resupinate to effused-reflexed basidiocarps, abundant gloeocystidia, cylindric to slightly allantoid basidiospores.
Increases in aboveground biomass and leaf area 85 years after drainage in a bog

Climate change scenarios suggest that northern peatlands could become drier. To address the type and magnitude of vegetation change associated with persistent drying, we studied changes in biomass and leaf area index following drainage 85 years previously of a bog, using destructive sampling, allometric relationships, and optical measurements. Our results show a 10-fold increase in aboveground biomass between the reference site and the most severely drained site, resulting from the growth of a tree layer. The total leaf biomass increased slightly as a result of drainage, thus an increase in woody biomass was the main cause of the increase in aboveground biomass. Leaf area index approximately tripled in sites where trees grew. Sphagnum L. moss biomass decreased from 120 g·m−2 at the reference site (20% of all aboveground biomass) to 8 g·m−2 under the tree canopy (<1% of all aboveground biomass). The percentage of deciduous shrubs increased from 3% of the total shrub biomass in the reference site to 72% in the most severely drained site. Our results show that lowering the water table of a bog can have a profound effect on vegetation but the net effect of these changes on the role of the peatland as a carbon sink remains difficult to assess.
Two-Round Diagnosability Measures for Multiprocessor Systems

In a multiprocessor system, as a key measure index for evaluating its reliability, diagnosability has attracted lots of attentions. Traditional diagnosability and conditional diagnosability have already been widely discussed. However, the existing diagnosability measures are not sufficiently comprehensive to address a large number of faulty nodes in a system. This article introduces a novel concept of diagnosability, called two-round diagnosability, which means that all faulty nodes can be identified by at most a one-round replacement (repairing the faulty nodes). The characterization of two-round t-diagnosable systems is provided; moreover, several important properties are also presented. Based on the abovementioned theories, for the n-dimensional hypercube Qn, we show that its two-round diagnosability is n2+n/2, which is n+1/2 times its classic diagnosability. Furthermore, a fault diagnosis algorithm is proposed to identify each node in the system under the PMC model. For Qn, we prove that the proposed algorithm is the time complexity of On2n.
Vegetative Architecture of Elaeocarpus hookerianus. Transition from Juvenile to Adult

Elaeocarpus hookerianus Raoul is a profoundly heteroblastic tree native to New Zealand. We describe and quantify changes in leaf morphology and anatomy, and in branching pattern at dierent levels of insertion. Discrete juvenile, adolescent and adult phases were identified. The divaricating juvenile bore small leaves with thin laminae and an anatomy typical of shade-plants. Juveniles had dense canopies, many thin horizontal and vertical axes, wide branch angles and highly variable branching patterns. Adolescents had larger leaves, fewer horizontal axes on a single, leading vertical axis, and a more consistent branching pattern. Adults were arborescent, producing the largest, most dierentiated leaves on the stoutest and longest horizontal branches. Data indicate a three-phased strategy for: (a) providing responsive, energy-ecient shoot systems under low-light regimes; (b) growing rapidly to the forest canopy; and (c) exploiting for the forest canopy environment. # 1997 Annals of Botany Company
Improving the Performance of Dry Based Electrodes for P300 brain-computer interfaces

We present a performance comparison of gel and dry based electrode caps for use with the P300 speller system, and investigate the potential for a data-driven dynamic data collection algorithm to compensate for the lower signal-to-noise ratio of P300 responses recorded via dry electrode systems. In static data collection, performance with a dry electrode system resulted in a substantial loss in performance. Using dynamic data collection, this loss in performance was reduced; however, dynamic data collection did not fully compensate for the lower SNR. Additional work is likely needed to further improve the performance of dry electrode systems.
Multilevel Inverter Modulation Scheme for Grid Connected Wind Turbines

The design of a multilevel D-STATCOM inverter for small to mid-size (10–20kW) permanent-magnet wind or solar installations. The proposed inverter can actively regulate the reactive power on individual feeder lines at a programmable output while providing the variable output power of the renewable energy source. The aim is to provide utilities with distributive control of VAR compensation and power factor correction on feeder lines. The designed inverter utilizes a 5level hybrid-clamped multilevel voltage-source converter topology and uses the optimized harmonic stepped waveform technique for harmonic elimination. The topology allows for the separation of active and reactive power control and the ability to operate under any load conditions. The aim of the work is to design a new type of inverter with FACTS capabilities to provide utilities with more knowledge about the distribution systems, specifically on end points. MMC has a modular design based on identical converter cells which make it a suitable choice for highlevel applications. Wind turbine installation and purchase are handled under three different payment scenarios paid in full up front, paid through a second mortgage, or paid as part of a first mortgage. The simulations are obtained by MATLAB/SIMULINK. Keywords—Multi-level Inverter, Modular Multi-level Converter (MMC), STATCOM.
The Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Plantlets as Affected by Hydroponic Solution pH and EC, Light, and CO2

In vitro nodal cuttings of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) 'Atlanticʼ and 'Russet Burbankʼ from bioreactor cul- ture were hydroponically cultured for 28 days using a deep fl ow technique (DFT) system. The response of plant growth and photosynthesis to different levels of solution electrical conductivity (EC; 0.08, 0.15, 0.22 and 0.36 S·cm-1) and pH (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) were studied. The best growth, characters of shoot length, total shoot and root fresh and dry weight, were obtained in nutrient solution of pH 6.0 and EC 0.15 S·cm-1 for 'Atlanticʼ, while pH 7.0 and EC 0.15 S·cm-1 were found to be best for 'Russet Burbankʼ. Plantlet growth was reduced by low solution pH (3.0) and high EC level (0.36 S·cm-1). Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were also found to be affected by EC levels. Down regulation of photosynthesis, as indicated by chlorophyll fl uorescence results, were observed when potato plantlets were cultured under nutrient solution of higher EC level. Plantlet growth and photosynthetic rate increased as photosynthetic photon fl ux (PPF) levels increased from 50 to 250 ∝mol·m-2·s-1. Particularly, increasing PPF level had a more distinctive effect on plantlet growth than CO2 enrichment condition. It was apparent from this study that nutrient solution of pH 6.0 and 0.15 S·cm-1 EC in combination with high PPF level (250 ∝mol·m-2·s-1) were suitable for hydroponic culture of potato plantlets as it would maximize net photosynthetic rate, and achieve the highest growth rates. Plant tissue culture techniques have revolutionized plant propa- gation. Plants are micropropagated at the commercial level but the method is still costly, and handicapped because current in vitro procedures for acclimatization are still unsatisfactory in providing quality transplants for greenhouse or fi eld (Ziv, 1995). The structure and function of micropropagated plants, as affected by various culture conditions unique to the in vitro environment, determines their ability to make the transition to the ex vitro environment. Plants grown in small culture containers are exposed to high levels of inorganic and organic nutrients, high relative humidity, elevated carbohydrate and growth regulator levels, low irradiance and limited CO2 and O2 exchanges. These factors contribute to high proliferation rates, but also interfere with acclimatization and transplanting stages, and cause low survival rates ex vitro. By modifying in vitro microenvironmental conditions (increas- ing photosynthetic photon fl ux, CO2 enrichment, number of air exchanges, etc.), a micropropagated plantʼs ability to survive
COMPETITION LAW COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS AS INTERNAL SIGNALING DEVICES

Cartel profitability depends on expected fines impo sed by an authority. A manager informed about cartel profitability can use compliance programs as signals to prevent an uninformed employee from anticompetitive behavior. Signals can be (i) d irect investments in compliance programs or (ii) indirect investments in personal commitment to comp liance (tone-at-the-top ). In a separating equilibrium, compliance investments coordinate agen t's behavior efficiently for the firm: Cartelize if it pays off and compete otherwise. The authority can deter collusion without errors by increasing fines. Cartels that hurt consumers and the firm can only emerge outside of separating equilibria. Separating equilibria are more likely to exist if i nvestment costs are not too high and in case (ii) b y increasing profit-related bonuses. We analyze perso nal cartel fines in a repeated version of the game. While personal punishments for managers can h inder coordination on law conform behavior, punishing employees deters collusion.
End User and Expert Perceptions of Threats and Potential Countermeasures

Experts often design security and privacy technology with specific use cases and threat models in mind. In practice however, end users are not aware of these threats and potential countermeasures. Furthermore, mis-conceptions about the benefits and limitations of security and privacy technology inhibit large-scale adoption by end users. In this paper, we address this challenge and contribute a qualitative study on end users’ and security experts’ perceptions of threat models and potential countermeasures. We follow an inductive research approach to explore perceptions and mental models of both security experts and end users. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 8 security experts and 13 end users. Our results suggest that in contrast to security experts, end users neglect acquaintances and friends as attackers in their threat models. Our findings highlight that experts value technical countermeasures whereas end users try to implement trust-based defensive methods.
Female role stereotypes in print advertising Identifying associations with magazine and product categories

Purpose – The purpose of this study is three-fold: to provide recent evidence in the UK on the frequency of appearance of female role portrayals in print advertisements; to compare female role stereotypes across magazine types; and to explore the interface between female role stereotypes and product categories. Design/methodology/approach – An integrative approach to content analysis was used in order to analyze advertising communication in print media. The sample consisted of n 1⁄4 3,830 advertisements published in ten high circulation UK magazines. Findings – The study indicates that women in UK magazine advertisements are mainly portrayed in decorative roles; and that female role stereotypes vary significantly across magazine types. The findings also suggest that there is an association between product categories and female role stereotypes. Practical implications – The study highlights the need for the advertising industry in the UK to adjust its communication practices to the changing role of women in society. Originality/value – The study extends research in the area of female role stereotypes in print advertising by considering the frequency of female role portrayals across different magazine types; and investigating the association between product categories and female role stereotypes.
Comparison of Different Lexical Resources With Respect to the Tip-of-the-Tongue Problem

Language production is largely a matter of words which, in the case of access problems, can be searched for in an external resource (lexicon, thesaurus). When accessing the resource, the user provides her momentarily available knowledge concerning the target and the resource-powered system responds with the best guess(es) it can make given this input. As tip-of-the-tongue studies have shown, people always have some knowledge concerning the target (meaning fragments, number of syllables, .) even if its precise or complete form is eluding them. We will show here how to tap on this knowledge to build a resource likely to help authors (speakers/writers) to overcome the Tip-of-the-Tongue (ToT) problem. Yet, before doing so we need a better understanding of the various kinds of knowledge people have when looking for a word. To this end, we asked crowd workers to provide some cues to describe a given target and to specify then how each one of them relates to it, in the hope that this could help others to find the elusive word. Next, we checked how well a given search strategy worked when being applied to differently built lexical networks. The results showed quite dramatic differences, which is not really surprising. After all, different networks are built for different purposes; hence each one of them is more or less well suited for a given task. What was more surprising though is the fact that the relational information given by the users did not allow us to find the elusive Manuscript received 5 April 2020; Revised version received 28 May 2020; Accepted 5 June 2020 Journal of Cognitive Science 21-2:193-252, 2020 ©2020 Institute for Cognitive Science, Seoul National University 194 Michael Zock, Chris Biemann word in WordNet more easily than without relying on this information.
Production of Cellulolytic Enzymes

For the conversion of plant biomass into various bioproducts, a significant bottleneck is enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses to soluble sugars. These sugars are then metabolized through various natural or engineered pathways toward products of interest. The success of projected biorefinery processes depend to a large extent on the economics of hydrolytic enzyme production. Presently, mesophilic fungal strains
Alternative protein sources to soybean meal in pig diets

Soybean meal is a widely available feed for farm animals, rich in protein (440-500 g kg -1 ). It has high biological value and digestibility, and considerable energy content. Unfortunately, in recent years, soybean meal has become so expensive that other vegetable feedstuffs are urgently sought after by nutritionists and feed industries. The dietary inclusion of other oil seed meals in order to reduce reliance on imported soybean meal, such as sunflower meal (240-440 g kg -1 crude protein) or rapeseed meal (310-370 g kg -1 crude protein) in pig diets can provide opportunities for diversifying the feedstuff matrix by using home-grown feedstuffs, which can result in the reduction of the feeding cost without negatively affecting the performance of the animals or the meat quality. Such alternative feeds may replace soybean meal partially or entirely in swine rations, especially in the growing and finishing periods. Moreover, there are other protein sources which could be used in swine nutrition, such as cottonseed meal, flaxseed meal, peas and faba beans. In addition, algae which have high quality proteins may be considered as a non-conventional source of proteins in pig diets, comparable to soybean meal. The above mentioned feedstuffs seem to be promising materials for pig nutrition, as well as the protection of the environment by lowering the carbon footprint production.
Influence of different levels of n-3 supplemented (fish oil) diet on performance, carcass quality and fat status in broilers

An experiment was conducted to evaluate fish oil as n-3 fatty acids source on some performance, carcass and serum parameters in broilers. One-day old Ross strain male broiler chickens (n = 120) were randomly arranged in four dietary treatments (0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 percent fish oil), with three replicates for each treatment. Mean live weight and feed intake at the end of starting, growing and finishing periods in fourth treatment was lower than other treatments. All treatments containing fish oil significantly decreased feed conversion ratio compared to control treatment. There were no significant differences on percent of carcass to live weight and abdominal fat percentage to carcass weight in T2, T3 and T4, but there were significant differences between control diet and the others. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-c and VLDL-c concentrations were significantly reduced by fish oil treatments than the control diet, but serum HDL-c concentrations were significantly increased by using of diets containing fish oil. The results of this experiment indicated that dietary supplementation of fish oil improved feed conversion ratio, carcass quality and HDL-c concentration in serum, but it decreased serum triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-c and VLDL-c concentrations in serum of broiler chickens.
Optimization design for the SSVEP brain-computer interface (BCI) system

In this paper, we present a optimized steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) brain-computer interface (BCI) system to enhance the information transfer rate (ITR). First, to increase the number of available items, a two-step paradigm was employed, called row/column (RC) paradigm. Second, to improve accuracy, a new signal processing method (called CCA-RV) and a real-time feedback mechanism were designed. Finally, a ﬁxed optimal approaches for setting the optimal stimulus duration was implemented to reach a reasonable online spelling speed. The experimental results with six subjects suggest that the CCA-RV method and the real-time feedback eﬀectively increased accuracy comparing with CCA and without real-time feedback, respectively. Additionally, the ﬁxed optimal approach achieved reasonable online spelling performance.
Functional Safety in Automotive Electronics

With the increasing functionality and complexity of automotive electronics more risks of safety are introduced. It is necessary to perform the functional safety process throughout the safety lifecycle. In addition, the release of functional safety standard ISO 26262 also makes safety an important requirement of the design and implementation process for automotive electronics products. This paper presents a functional safety analysis approach in automotive electronics. It includes the whole product life cycle: concept, implementation, verification and validation, and all related aspects such as management, culture and product. With this approach automotive electronics can perform functional safety successfully.
Echo State Networks for Brain Computer Interface Classiﬁcation

Echo state networks are good candidates for use as classiﬁers in brain computer interfaces. They can also be used to explore the data to some extent by manipulating their training. In this paper similar results were achieved to those in the Brain Computer Inter-face Competition IV in classifying four-class movements from magnetoencephalography.
Effect of stunning method, carcase chilling temperature and filleting time on the texture of turkey breast meat

Abstract 1. Three hundred and sixty turkeys comprising 16 week‐old stags (medium stags), 22 week‐old stags (large stags) or 52 week‐old hens (hens) were stunned with either argon‐induced anoxia, 30% carbon dioxide in argon with 2% residual oxygen (gas mixture) or electric current and the carcases were processed under commercial conditions. The carcases were chilled at either 16°C or 3°C using a commercial immersion chiller and the carcases were held in a cold room (3°C). 2. Breast muscles (pectoralis major) were filleted at either 2, 3, 5 or 18 h post‐mortem, and pH and muscle temperature were measured at the time of filleting for the medium and large stags. The breast fillets removed soon after killing were stored at 3°C until transported to the laboratory. 3. All the breast fillets were cooked to an internal muscle temperature of 85°C and their texture was measured instrumentally. The fillets were weighed before and after cooking to determine the proportional cooking loss. 4. The results showed that, fo.
Conflicting interests of plants and the natural enemies of herbivores.

In the literature there is a persistent temptation to accept at face value the hypothesis that plants manipulate the natural enemies of their herbivores. This hypothesis has received a lot of attention both theoretically and in reductionist laboratory experiments, but evidence that plants actually benefit from the active attraction of natural enemies in the field is virtually absent. Especially for parasitoids the validity of this 'evolutionary enlistment hypothesis' should be questioned. In this paper we discuss conditions that may select for active attraction by plants of the third trophic level and formulate a number of questions that should be answered before we can accept this hypothesis.
Architecture design of a context-aware recommender system in the tourism domain

Great diversity of tourist attractions and large amount of data available on the Internet and its ever-increasing trend have posed many problems for tourists in finding the desired information at the right time, so that finding the data tailored to their needs has turned into a complex and time-consuming process. To address these challenges, we propose a context-aware travel-package recommender system to help the tourists in the selection of tourist attractions to suit their interests, and to save the needed time for decision-making. The constraint satisfaction problem solving is used to consider the constraints of the tourists in proposing travel packages. Finally, the proposed system tries to recommend a personalized travel package to the tourist by taking advantage of contextual information such as time and place of travel, tourism interest and budget and duration of travel. The proposed system is implemented in the form of an android-based software for mobile devices. For evaluating the system, the “usage prediction” for short, medium and long travels are investigated. We have used 12 tourists for evaluation of the proposed system, and the results of the implementation of the system shows the high values of precision and recall criteria.