Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postnatal cranial growth of Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus)

Abstract The short-nosed Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) is the fifth largest member of Delphinidae, but is one of the least studied dolphin species. We studied the postnatal ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of the skull of Risso’s dolphin by applying linear bivariate and multivariate analyses of allometry and discussing our findings in a comparative and functional framework. Comparing a representative of the Globicephalinae subfamily (a typically short-nosed group) with previously studied cetaceans belonging to different families is important for evaluating variations in the growth of splanchnocranium and neurocranium in cetaceans. Results of bivariate and multivariate approaches were mostly similar. The trophic apparatus showed positive allometry or isometry, whereas negative allometry was observed in neurochranial components and in width of external nares. We detected sexual dimorphism in the growth pattern of cranial variables related to trophic functions, suggesting slight differences in the mechanics of the trophic apparatus. Our results indicate a very low degree of sexual dimorphism in skull growth compared with other dolphins with most dimorphic growth rates favoring females; this result can be related to the earlier acquisition of an optimal performance in females, which is important for reproductive requirements. The growth of the splanchnocranium, and especially of those characters associated with the trophic function, exhibits a pattern of higher growth rate than neurochranial components, regardless of the short face of G. griseus.
Supplemental Data Coherence and Timing of Cell Cycle Start Examined at Single-Cell Resolution

A Leica DMIRE2 inverted fluorescent microscope fitted with a Ludl motorized XY stage and contained within a Solent Scientific incubation chamber was controlled by a Visual Basic program integrated with Image Pro Plus. Cells growing exponentially in synthetic liquid medium were seeded onto thin low-melt agarose slabs in the same medium. A typical time-lapse experiment was limited by cell stacking effects to between six and nine hours. Four different positions with potentially different strains and culture conditions could be followed simultaneously. Cells grown under time-lapse conditions, but without illumination for fluorescence detection, showed exponential growth throughout the course of image acquisition although at a reproducibly slower rate than cells grown in liquid media at 30°C (101 minutes vs. 89 minutes) (Figure S1A). We don’t know if this delay is caused by special aspects of the physical setup, or to inherent differences in growth rates in liquid versus solid media. Detection of GFP fluorescence was by 1.5 seconds illumination with a 100 W short arc mercury lamp type 103 W/2. Illumination was passed through a Chroma neutral density filter ND 2.0 allowing 1% transmission and Chroma EGFP filter set #41001 with a peak excitation wavelength of 480nm and peak emission at 535nm. Illumination every 3 min (standard for these experiments) had no appreciable effect on the ~100 min doubling time (Figure S1A). (Doubling the exposure time to three seconds increased doubling time by 20%). Mother and daughter cycle times were unaffected by illumination, based on mother bud to second mother bud or to first daughter bud times (Figure S1B). Thus it appears that the illumination used in these studies was not inducing significant toxicity or perturbations of cell cycle timing. We do note sporadic occurrence of long cell cycle delays, which may be caused by DNA damage from illumination; these events do not contribute significantly to our quantitative or qualitative results. Nuclear localization of the Msn2 transcription factor occurs in response to stress, including stress from intense illumination (Jacquet et al., 2003). As an independent test of whether our microscopic conditions induce stress, we examined a strain expressing Msn2-GFP under time-lapse conditions, with illuminations of 0.5, 1.5 or 4.5 seconds. High illumination-induced stress was shown to yield 30
Marphysa (Eunicidae, polychaete, Annelida) species of the Sanguinea-group from Australia, with comments on pseudo-cryptic species

The genus Marphysa is widely collected for bait by recreational fishermen in Australia, and yet the number of species remains unresolved. A new species is described together with additional information on a previously described species. This study reveals that while species of Marphysa superficially resemble one another, detailed studies on the distribution of different types of chaetae along the body, together with molecular studies, uncover species which may co-occur. Correct identification is critical for management of these largely intertidal species. This study also highlights the increasing awareness of the presence of pseudo-cryptic species in polychaetes.
Regulation of telomere length and its maintenance in the absence of telomerase in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Telomeres are ribo-nucleoprotein structures that cap the end of linear chromosomes protecting them from nucleolytic degradation. In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, telomeres are maintained by telomerase and a network of over 300 telomere length maintenance genes. Loss of telomerase leads to progressive shortening of telomeres and eventually cellular senescence. However, a few cells can undergo RAD52 dependent recombination to elongate telomeres and become ‘survivors’. Survivors can be of two major types; Type I and Type II, characterized by amplification of the subtelomeric Y’ repeats or the telomeric TG1-3 repeats respectively. In this study, I have demonstrated that in addition to the genetic components, initial telomere length and the timing of senescence are essential factors that influence telomerase negative survival. Longer initial telomere lengths favour Type II survivor pathway, lead to increased efficiency of recovery from crisis and higher overall frequency of survivor formation. Furthermore, longer initial telomeres increased the proportion of Type II and Type II-like survivors in the absence of RAD59, a gene generally required for Type II survival. Early senescence was induced from a single critically short telomere in a telomerase negative cell population and led to higher proportion of Type II survivors. Contrary to previous assumptions, the increased proportion of Type II survivors observed was independent to the telomere length at the time of senescence. Genetic variants that regulate telomere lengths were explored via inter-cross QTL (iQTL) Multipool analysis using parents from two independent inbred natural populations of S. cerevisiae. Seven candidate genes with known telomere function were identified, with the most prominent QTLs being EST2 and STN1. Five intervals containing genes with no prior association to telomere length regulation were also identified. This study demonstrated the sensitivity of the i-QTL Multipool method in determining novel genetic variants regulating telomere length even with a small sample size.
Engraulisoma taeniatum Castro, 1981 (Characiformes: Characidae): range extension with new records in the rio Madeira basin, Rondônia and Amazonas states, Brazil

Engraulisoma taeniatum is a rare fish recorded in few collections around the world. In Brazil E. taeniatum was only known from the rio Paraguay drainage according to the available scientific literature. Herein the geographic range of the species in the Brazilian territory is extended to tributaries of the rio Madeira basin in the States of Rondonia and Amazonas.
Role of PTCH in Cancer and Development

Studies of molecular basis of hereditary syndromes that involve both cancer predisposition and birth defects may help understand the relationship between neoplasia and development. The PTCH-gene, a human homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene patched, is the gene responsible for Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCCS) or Gorlin syndrome, and is a tumor suppressor as well, at least for basocellular carcinomas of the skin (BCCs). Gorlin syndrome patients develop severe tumores (BCCs in particular) and multiple developmental defects, among which keratocysts of the jaws are most often. Materials and methods: DNA from parients peripheral blood leukocytes and matched tumor tissue were used in LOH (Loss of heterozigosity) studies, with polymorphic markers ( D9S196, D9S287, D9S180, D9 S127) and PTCH primers (exons 3, 6, 8, 13, 15, 16) in SSCP (single strand conformational polymorphism) studies. Results: We examined a series of chromosome 9q polymorphisms in tumorous (BCCs and ovarian fibroma) and non-tumorous (jaw cyst) samples from both Gorlin syndrome patients and sporadic cases and detected loss of heterozigosity (LOH) in PTCH region. In Gorlin syndrome cases we found that the cyst lining of jaws lost the normal copy of the PTCH region while retaining the mutant copy. We also found LOH in some sporadic jaw cysts. While is generally recognized for keratocysts, our recent LOH findings seem to indicate that PTCH inactivation might also be responsible for follicular cysts. Conclusion: We searched for LOH in jaw cysts not only in order to test the hypothesis that anomalies in Gorlin syndrome might arise through a two-hit mechanism, but also in order to examine possible involvement of PTCH in formation of various jaw cysts unrelated to Gorlin syndrome. More generally, we looked for indications of PTCH role in manifestations which were not typical for NBCCS in order to contribute to delineation of the hedgehog/patched pathway.
Signalling detection of DNA damage induced by low doses of ionizing radiation in human lymphocytes

Etude du lien entre radiosensibilite clinique d’un patient et de ses lymphocytes irradies in vitro dans le but de faire un test predictif de la radiosensibilite individuelle. La radiosensibilite clinique est quantifiee par les effets secondaires d’une radiotherapie et la sensibilite cellulaire est mesuree grâce a la cinetique d’apparition/disparition des doubles cassures de l’ADN radio-induites (marquees par des foyers gamma-H2AX). Pour rendre ce protocole utilisable en application clinique, on a ameliore la viabilite de l'echantillon et augmente la vitesse d’analyse. Enfin, nous nous sommes concentres sur la reponse a des faibles doses dans un autre contexte: la reponse radio-adaptative. Elle est caracterisee par une reponse cellulaire, a une forte dose d’exposition, moins importante lorsqu’elle est precedee par l’exposition a une faible dose. Ce type de reponse a ete observe pour le taux de translocations dans les lymphocytes CD4-positifs mais pas pour la signalisation gamma-H2AX.
LABs Responsible for Enhancing Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Gene Transference

ABSTRACT: Probiotics are gram positive organisms considered beneficial for combating with various pathogens. Most of them are antibiotic resistant, giving an idea that they may be carrier of r-plasmids. Our aim of the study was to determine the proportion of LABs that associate with r-gene transference as well as in boosting up antibiotic susceptibility range. For that we isolated probiotic cultures of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Leuconostoc from milk sample, and checked the susceptibility pattern of isolated probiotics and pathogens (test organisms) against carbepenem. Results showed all LABs are resistant, while most of the pure test organisms were sensitive, after that these pathogens were treated with Labs coated disc that was prepared by the Kirby Bauer method. These LAB treated organisms were again checked with carbepenem to check the susceptibility pattern, this whole protocol was carried out on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) plate. According to our results test organisms treated with Streptococcus and Lactobacillus species occurred with a 20% and 1% of resistivity, while organisms treated with Leuconostoc species enhanced the sensitivity 66% and streptococcus 1%, whereas Lactobacillus did not show any change in antibiotic spectrum.
Endothelial regeneration. III. Time course of intimal changes after small defined injury to rat aortic endothelium.

: The response to injury of the intima of the rat aorta was studied using a nylon monofilament to produce small, defined areas of endothelial denudation. A row of endothelial cells, three to five cells wide, was removed by pulling the tip of the filament along the length of the aorta. Platelet adhered to the exposed subendothelium. After 48 hours, this wound was covered by replicating endothelial cells which were densely packed together. This increased density remained over the site of injury for at least 4 weeks. A circular injury denuded a zone one to two endothelial cells wide. This wound was repopulated by endothelial cells within 8 hours without cell replication. No intimal thickening occurred in the vessels after either injury.
Expression and clinical significance of dicer in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues and cells

Objective To investigate the relationship between Dicer expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis by detecting the expression of Dicer in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues and cells.Methods The expression of Dicer in tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry.Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to investigate Dicer expression in QBC939 and HIBEpic cells.The relationship between Dicer expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.A Kaplan-Maier analysis was performed to analyze the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) after radical surgical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Results When compared to control,Dicer was significantly down-regulated in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues (P＜0.05) and in QBC939 (P＜0.05). The expression of Dicer was higher in well differentiated adenocarcinoma than poorly and moderately differentiated tumours. Univariate analysis showed low expression of Dicer protein was significantly correlated with short disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after radical surgical resection (P＜0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that the expression of Dicer was the most important factor for predicting prognosis after radical surgical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (P＜0.05). Conclusions Dicer could be used as a prognostic marker for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Key words: Dicer; Hilar cholangiocarcinoma; Clinicopathological characteristic; Prognosis
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF IODINE IN POULTRY FOR ITS DEFICIENCY OR EXCESS IN THE DIET

The article is a generalization of the literature on the impact fn the iodine om a birds, depending on the amount in the diet. In particular, we show that lack of iodine in the body of animals with food and water leads to metabolic disorders, the development of organs and body systems, weakening the function of the reproductive organs and the body's resistance to infection, resulting disruption of the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency is characterized by the development of secondary immunodeficiency, which manifests a high propensity to disease. This weak immune response correlated with impaired thyroid function. The absorption of bioelements may affect the availability of natural feed goitrogenes. However, it is shown that an excess of cobalt, iron, boron, manganese poultry diets may correlate with the biosynthesis of thyroid and promote the development of endemic goiter. Noted features integrated application of iodine with other trace elements, as well as the need for admission with food vitamin A. From the standpoint of modern scientific research proved that the metabolism of iodine and selenium are closely related and can affect each other manifestations of deficiency of essential bioelements. Shown that excess of iodine in laying hens, reduced their egg production and average egg weight in breeding poultry hatching degrade the quality of the eggs. Permanent, but reduced vitellogenesis that continues for a period of excess consumption of iodine and inhibiting ovulation is associated with the formation of progesterone violation largest follicle, resulting in blocked signal for preovulatory allocation of luteinizing hormone, which leads to the cessation of egg. Excess iodine in the diet inhibits puberty young male and female birds. Thus, there is a reverse chronological relationship between feeding forages with high iodine content and the expected time of puberty. According to a toxic level of iodine in the diet, the liver bird aminotransferase increased activity and blood – alkaline phosphatase, decreased phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Thus, the deficit and surplus iodine leads to metabolic disorders, reproductive functions of animals and birds and lost productivity.
Female Mating Preference and Reproductive Success in Eastern Bluebirds: Interacting Effects of Plumage Coloration and Genetic Compatibility

76 Introduction . 77 viii Methods . 78 Results . 82 Discussion . 84 Acknowledgements . 88 References . 89 Chapter 5. Egg Viability in Relation to Laying Sequence and Incubation Behavior in Eastern Bluebirds . 100 Abstract . 10
CHAPTER 1:Biosensor Technology and the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory – Issue of Signal Interference from the Biological Matrix

This chapter discusses the potential use of biosensor technology in the clinical biochemistry laboratory. Various relevant key aspects of biosensor technology are introduced such as the chemistry of attachment of probes to device surfaces and a summary of the main categories of sensors based on electrochemistry, acoustic-wave physics and optical science. Important performance characteristics of typical clinical measurements are appraised with examples being presented. Following this discussion, the relevant issues of device selectivity, sensitivity, dynamic range and calibration with respect to target concentration, and possibility for label-free operation are evaluated. A critical issue for potential clinical measurement is the mandatory requirement for devices to function in biological fluids and matrices, with avoidance of signal interference caused by nonspecific surface adoption. Solutions for the latter problem are summarized. The chapter closes with a look at the possible features of biosensor technology that could be employed in the clinical biochemistry laboratory.
Membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase activity in the brain of CA II-deficient mice

Summary Membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity is of importance for transepithelial transport of ions and fluid. His- tochemical studies have indicated its presence in the brain, but the data are difficult to evaluate because of interference from cytoplasmic CA isozymes, of which CA II is the predominant one. CA II-deficient mice offer a possibility to study the location of membrane-associated CA-activity, without interference from CA II. The location of CA activity in the brain of CA II-deficient and normal mice was studied by the cobalt-phosphate histochemical method, and that of CA I, CA II and CA III by an immuno- cytochemical method. The brains of both types of mice lacked cytoplasmic isozymes CA I and CA III, and the CA II-deficient mice also lacked CA II. In the normal mice, oligodendrocytes and choroid epithelium stained for CA II in the cytoplasm. In nor- mal and CA (II)D-mice there was an intense membrane associated histochemical CA activity in neuronal processes. Neuronal perikarya were not stained. Endothelial membranes of brain capillaries showed strong histochemical CA-activity. Choroid epithelial cells had histochemical CA activity in the cytoplasm and along apical and baso-lateral cell membranes. The results suggest that membrane-associated CA-activity found along neuronal processes probably modulates pH of the extracellular fluid and thus neuronal activity. CA II and the membrane-associated CA of choroidal epithelium are probably involved in the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid.
Glossy-bellied racer snake Platyceps ventromaculatus (Gray, 1834) (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae): new locality record in Delhi National Capital Region (NCR), India

This paper extends the distribution of glossy bellied racer ( Platyceps ventromaculatus ) to about 250 km North East straight line aerial distance from its closest known distribution site. (Sikar in Rajasthan) Two live uncollected (1 male, 1 female) sub adults specimens were collected in Delhi NCR (28°38’59” N 77°10’12” E); mensural, meristic and colour pattern data were recorded and the snakes released in the same habitat. It’s presence in a developed Metropolis like Delhi NCR may indicate its synurbic abilities.
Adenovirus Infection in Mauritius Kestrels

Two similar highly fatal disease outbreaks occurred a year apart in separate populations of captive Mauritius kestrels (Falco punctatus) housed at the same raptor center. Sudden death was associated with few premonitory signs, but hemorrhagic diarrhea was sometimes observed. Con- sistent gross pathologic findings included hepatosplenomegaly and petechial hemorrhages through- out the gastrointestinal tract, which contained hemorrhagic fecal material. Histopathologic exami- nation identified systemic necrotizing vasculitis and hepatitis associated with numerous intranuclear inclusion bodies. Adenovirus particles were subsequently detected in infected hepatocytes by elec- tron microscopy. An adenovirus was isolated from the liver and spleen of a representative dead Mauritius kestrel, as well as from turkey poults and 1-day-old domestic fowl chicks that had been fed to the kestrels at the time of the first and second outbreaks, respectively.
Prussian blue nanoparticles possess potential anti-inflammatory properties via scavenging reactive oxygen species

Iron-based nanomaterials are thought to be cytotoxic in recent researches due to the mechanism that they can produce hydroxyl radical (•OH) in cells via Fenton reaction. However, we found Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) possess reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability due to their peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), super-oxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities and affinity for •OH. We theorized the multienzyme-like activities of PBNPs were caused by their abundant redox potentials in different forms: Prussian White (PW), Prussian blue (PB), Berlin Green (BG) and Prussian Yellow (PY), what makes them admirable electron transporters. The reported PBNPs show anti-inflammation ability in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell and animal inflammation research endeavors.
Neurohumoral shifts in brain tumor patients

The metabolism of acetylcholine and sympatheticoadrenal substances was studied in patients with cerebral tumors. A significant increase in the content of acetylcholine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid with a simultaneous decrease in the content of inhibitors and sympatheticoadrenal substances were established. A direct dependence between the degree of intracranial hypertension and the level of acetylcholine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid was revealed. Disorders of the metabolism of biologically active substances and their role in the pathogenesis of edema of the brain substantiate pathogenetically the inclusion of cholinolytic and sympathicotonic drugs in the symptomatic treatment of patients with cerebral tumors.