Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
People Don't Use the Shortest Path

Most recent route choice models, following either Random Utility Maximization or rule-based paradigm, require explicit enumeration of feasible routes. The quality of model estimation and prediction is sensitive to the appropriateness of consideration set. However, few empirical studies of revealed route characteristics have been reported in the literature. Such study could also help practitioners and researchers evaluate widely applied shortest path assumptions. This study aims at bridging the gap by evaluating morning commute routes followed by residents at the Twin Cities, Minnesota. Accurate GPS and GIS data were employed to reveal routes people utilized. Findings from this study could also provide guidance for future eff orts in building better travel demand models.
A Typology of Father Parenting in The Migrant Workers Family and Effect on Character of Children

Parenting is a model of interaction between parents and children, which aims to foster the child's character. In general, parenting is done by both parents, especially mothers. However, in families where the mother latches become foreign workers abroad, the responsibility and the implementation of the childcare switch entirely to the father. Typology of a father's parenting is different, thought to be an effect also on differences in the character of their children. This study aimed to get an overview of the typology of father parenting in the family Labor Women, and its influence on the character of their children. Because intends to reveal in depth the social situation, then selected a qualitative approach, in order to describe the reality of the situation at the site of the study. Participants of this study are the father, whose wife was into women workers in Saudi Arabia, along with their children. Data collection techniques, is through observation; deep interview; and literature studies. Data analysis techniques, beginning with data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing / verification. Along with the data collection, performed triangulation of data sources, which is one component of credibility test data in qualitative research. According to the research there appears to be three types of parenting that is owned by the father in the family environment of the female labor force, i.e. Authoritarian parenting; Permissive; and Authoritative. Based on the results of the research can be stated, that the type of parenting a different father would produce children's character is different. It should be used as a reference by the parents in the choice of the typology of parenting that will be applied to children.
Physicochemical Characterization and Phytochemical Screening of Jatropha CurcasL. Seed Oil Cultivated in Tigray Ethiopia

To investigate the potential use of Jatropha curcas L. seed oil, dried Jatropha curcas L. seeds were crushed to release the kernels and oil was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus and the physicochemical characteristics of the oil determined using standard methods. The physico-chemical characteristics showed: oil yield 42.19%, specific gravity 0.93, saponification value 122.49mgKOH/g, iodine value 129.66gI2/100g, acid value 1.38mgKOH/g, free fatty acid value 0.74mgKOH/g and peroxide value 1.55meq/Kg. The phytochemical screening of the oil showed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides, while tannins, flavonoids and phenols were absent. From the determined parameters, Jatropha curcas seed oil may be use as cooking oil and in cosmetics. In addition, the revealed phytochemical suggested that the seeds oil has pharmacological potentialities.
Suicidal patients in a time-perspective

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Detection of ESBL Genes in Salmonlla enteritudis Isolated from Clinical Samples

Salmonella enteric serovar enteritidis is currently the most common serovar causing salmonellosis in human. The incidence of gastrointestinal infections caused by S. enteritidis has increased during the last decade. The aim of this study was to extract ESBL genes from S. enteriditis separated from clinical samples using multiplex PCR. In this study, 29 human fecal samples of Collections microbial Azad University's research were collected. After enrichment and isolation and DNA extraction SipB/C, CmlA/tetR, TEM, PSE-1genes by multiplex PCR were evaluated. A total of 29 clinical samples studied, 6 (68.20%) of the strains were positive for genes SipB / C, CmlA / tetR, TEM specimens were observed. Detection of S. enteritidis strains by molecular methods are very accurate and can be done quickly. Studying these genes in various other sources as well as the antibiotics profile is recommended.
Youth and labour markets in Africa. A critical review of literature

Les jeunes en Afrique sont confrontes a de nombreuses difficultes pour s’integrer dans le marche du travail et pour y trouver un emploi decent et productif. Le chomage des jeunes, qui est substantiellement plus eleve que le chomage global des adultes, a cru au cours de la derniere decennie. En definissant une cible specifique sur le chomage des jeunes dans les Objectifs du Millenaire pour le Developpement, la communaute internationale a reconnu la gravite de la situation. Toutefois, malgre les dramatiques consequences economiques, sociales et politiques des difficultes d’emploi des jeunes africains, peu d’etudes s’interessent specifiquement a cette population. Cette revue de litterature souligne le fait qu’un diagnostic precis concernant l’emploi des jeunes en Afrique base sur des donnees statistiques et une recherche analytique est cruellement necessaire. Comme le montre notre etude, les indicateurs basiques sur le marche du travail manquent ou sont au mieux incomplets en raison du manque d’informations de bases et de problemes methodologiques. Pire, comme l’illustre notre papier, des sources differentes conduisent a des diagnostics opposes concernant le chomage des jeunes et ses tendances. Afin de contribuer a ce diagnostic indispensable, nous presentons de nouveaux resultats bases sur les enquetes 1-2-3 conduites recemment dans 10 pays africains, qui procurent une image coherente et comparable de la situation des marches du travail urbains dans ces pays. Nous soulignons egalement la diversite de la situation de l’emploi des jeunes sur le continent (Afrique australe vs autres pays d’Afrique, pays anglophones vs francophones, etc.). Nous montrons enfin le « biais urbain » de la recherche economique sur ce sujet, du en partie au manque de donnees sur les zones rurales.
The consequences of spatial environmental variability on dispersal and on the spatial distribution of species

5 Introduction and summary 6 Dispersal: definition and causes 6 Complexity of dispersal 8 Consequences of dispersal on species distribution 9 The aim of this thesis 11 When is information on availability of nesting sites important for dispersal? Chapter I 12 Study species and system 14 Does the availability of mates influence the evolution of sex-specific dispersal? Chapter II 16 Influences spatio-temporal variability in host density the spread rate of an ectoparasite? Chapter III 18 Spatial modelling 19 Concluding remarks 20
State-of-the-art Review, Concept Development and Demonstration in Face Detection

Face detection is one of the most significant researchable issues in computer vision. As literature suggests, it is obvious that face detection will keep researchers busy in the years ahead due to its natures of problems, utilities, challenges, commercial applications, market responses, commercial products and firms, market size, growth prospects, limitations of current state of solutions and so on. Without having clear idea of these facts, it is difficult for researchers to come up with novel ideas that solve major problems in face detection. In this paper, scene analysis, feature identification, lighting system conceptualization, algorithm implementation and identifying limitations are included to develop concepts in face detection. This paper also shows how to capture images and features in face detection. As a part of the concept demonstration in face detection, the Viola–Jones algorithm implementation is performed using eclipse compiler. During implementation of the algorithm, we use a cue indicating among all faces the regions of the eyes are darker than the region of the cheek. Although it has some limitations, it can detect face nicely. Finally, a number of important decisions are made which imply that several other cues can be considered in various illumination effects to detect face more optimally.
Master of Statistics: Biostatistics ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF CASE CLASSIFICATION AND VALIDATION ALGORITHMS; AND SAMPLE SIZE ESTIMATION FOR CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS’ VALIDATION By Forsi Nwebim Boeyeo Internal Supervisor: Prof. dr. Ziv SHKEDY External Supervisor: Dr Dominique ROSILLON Submitted i

iii List of Tables.v List of Figures.v 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Objectives . 2 2.0 METHODOLOGY . 3 2.1 Data . 3 2.2 Method of Statistical Analysis . 4 2.2.1 Characteristics of Diagnostic Algorithms . 4 2.2.2. Classification Techniques . 6 2.2.2.1 Random Forests . 7 2.2.2.2 Logistic Regression . 8 2.2. 3 Sample Size Computation . 9 3.0 RESULTS . 11 3.1 Predefined Algorithm . 11 3.2 Random Forests . 12 3.3 Logistic Regression . 14 3.4 Comparison of Algorithms . 17 3.5 Sample Size Computation . 19 4.0 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION . 21 5.0 REFERENCES . 23 6.0 APPENDIX . 25
Accumulation of arsenic during the growing period of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was monitored for the duration of one year, from 2 to 14 months of age (n = 120). The study was performed on a farm with through-running water from the basin of water processing plant in the years 2007 and 2008. During the first months of fish life, we analyzed homogenized samples (n = 12) of rainbow trout bodies. From the 8th month the samples of twelve rainbow trouts were analysed. The total contents of arsenic and arsenobetaine were quantified in muscle, liver, spleen and bile separately. The total arsenic was determined by hydride technique AAS and arsenobetaine by high performance liquid chromatography combined with detection using atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The concentration of arsenic in homogenized body samples grew (P < 0.01) during the first months of life, from the 6 th month of rearing no significant difference was found. The concentration of arsenobetaine in homogenized bodies was low during the first months and from the 6 th month the concentration stayed on invariable level and amounted to 46 ± 6% of total arsenic. The highest concentrations of arsenic and arsenobetaine in tissues ranked in the order muscle, liver, spleen and bile. In summer months the total arsenic in muscle was bonded in the form of arsenobetaine, in winter months the content of arsenobetaine dropped to 50% of total arsenic. The content of arsenic in liver samples remained the same during the entire monitoring, however, the ratio of arsenobetaine content altered. In summer months it reached the maximum 27%, in winter months it dropped to 7% of arsenic. The concentration of arsenic in spleen and bile decreased in winter months, arsenobetaine corresponded to the value assessed in liver. This study proved the effect of the small content of arsenic in feedstuff on accumulation of total arsenic and arsenobetaine in the tissue of rainbow trout during the growing period and season.
Stabilization of Soft Clay Subgrades in Virginia: Phase I Laboratory Study

Many pavement subgrades in Virginia consist of wet, highly plastic clay or other troublesome soils. Such soils can be treated with traditional lime and cement stabilization methods. Alternatives, including lignosulfonates and polymers, are available, but their performance record is mixed and solid engineering data are lacking, which prevents reliable design. The goal of this research was to screen a suite of traditional and non-traditional stabilizers against three Virginia soils that have caused problems during construction or resulted in poor performance in service. The selected stabilizers were: quicklime, hydrated lime, pelletized lime, cement, lignosulfonate, synthetic polymer, magnesium chloride, and a proprietary cementitious stabilizer. A laboratory procedure was developed and applied to three Virginia soils obtained from Northern Virginia, Staunton, and Lynchburg. Key findings from the research include: (1) traditional lime and cement stabilizers were far more effective than liquid stabilizers (lignosulfonate, synthetic polymer, and magnesium chloride) in increasing strength; (2) the liquid stabilizers were ineffective on soils with a high moisture content; (3) the proprietary cementitious stabilizer was more effective in increasing strength than lime for all cases tested but was not as effective as the cement stabilizer; (4) quicklime and hydrated lime increased the workability of the soils although they did not produce strengths comparable to cement; (5) the strength of soils stabilized with cement and the proprietary cementitious stabilizer can be estimated based on the water-amendment ratio of the mixture; and (6) the strength of soils stabilized with lime can be estimated based on a combination of the plasticity index and the water-amendment ratio of the mixture. The benefits of subgrade stabilization are that it improves the strength, stiffness, and durability of soft subgrade soils. Such improvement allows a reduction in the required thickness of overlying pavement courses and/or an increase in pavement life. Quantifying the life cycle cost benefits requires performing pavement design studies based on anticipated traffic levels, desired serviceability, etc. The preferred design method would be a mechanistic design, which requires resilient modulus values for the stabilized subgrade and other pavement layers. Neither resilient modulus testing nor pavement design studies were included in the scope of the work for this project, but they should be included in subsequent phases.
Corporate Mergers and Financial Performance: A New Assessment of Indian Cases

Purpose – It is worth mentioning that mergers and acquisitions (MA conversely, do they improve financial performance in the long‐run? ”Design/methodology/approach – The study applies earnings management approach (event study) to compute average abnormal returns (AAR) around the merger announcement for select Indian M&A cases. Further, accounting ratios are considered to assess the long‐run financial performance. Thereafter, t‐stat is applied for testing the proposed hypotheses. In particular, it has performed a later test to the means of financial ratios and variables for both services and manufacturing sectors in accounting ratios and.
THE USE OF WEATHERING INDICES IN ROCK ART SCIENCE AND ARCHAEOLOGY

Research into the types and processes of rock weathering plays a key role in two areas in the field of rock art studies. First, it is crucial to issues of conservation and preserva- tion. This paper focuses on the second area of interest in weathering phenomena, in provid - ing evidence supporting the efforts of estimating the age of rock art, most especially that of petroglyphs. In this area, weathering is arguably the most promising variable in the 'direct dating' methodology that has been developed in recent decades. The reasons for the failures of alternative dating methods are explored, leading to the proposition that weathering and related features offer the most reliable basis for future work in this field. Some of this new methodology is discussed within the overall context of the considerable difficulties generally experienced in rock art dating. Particular attention is given to the geometry of weathering, which is often most amenable to quantification, including that of the taphonomy of stone tools and rockshelters.
Financial Sector Development and Economic Growth: The Nigeria Experience

The present paper examines the nexus between financial sector development and economic growth in Nigeria accounted for over the period 1981-2011 within a multivariate framework which applies Autoregressive Distribution Lags (ARDL) co-integration techniques. Four alternative measures of financial sector development were used - total liquid liabilities to GDP, total stock market capitalization to GDP, interest rate spread and credit to the private sector to GDP- were employed to capture various financial issues such as financial depth, size, efficiency and activity of the financial sector. Indeed, the long run relationship reveal that one percent increase in credit to private sector to gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, gross fixed capital formation, stock market capitalization to gross domestic product and liquid liabilities to gross domestic product results into 0.0247, 0.084, 0.328, 0.0092 and 0.2491 percent increase in the gross domestic product respectively which was in line with the earlier study carried out by Liang and Reichert (2007), while an inverse relationship exit in relations to interest rate spread. Our results support the view that the extent of financial sector sophistication matters for the benefits of private sector development to translate into more economic growth in Nigeria. In sum, the extent to which the financial sector development ought to have developed have not been accentuated to the best optimum level. Therefore, it is imperative for the government to provide and enhance good business friendly environment which would make the economy to be more attractive and productive.
Simulación Gráfica de Sistemas Oscilatorios no Lineales

espanolEl presente articulo muestra una aplicacion de la programacion grafica en la solucion numerica y simulacion de sistemas osci-latorios no lineales. Se implemento el metodo RK4 para integrar las ecuaciones de movimiento del �Pendulo con punto de suspension forzado por disco� y se desarrollo una interfaz grafica con el software LabVIEW para simular el experimento en el PC. Ademas se obtuvieron graficas de la seccion de Poincare y la transformacion de conjuntos del diagrama de fase. EnglishThe present paper shows an application of graphical programming in the numerical solution and simulation of nonlinear oscillating systems. The RK4 method was implemented to integrate the �Pendulum with forced suspension�s point� motion equations, and a graphical interface was developed by means of the software LabVIEW to simulate the experiment in the PC. In addition we present the obtained graphics of the Poincare�s section and the set´s transformation on the phase dia-gram.
Welfare Comparisons: Sequential Procedures for Heterogeneous Populations

Some analysts use sequential dominance criteria, and others use equivalence scales in combination with non-sequential dominance tests, to make welfare comparisons of joint distributions of income and needs. In this paper we present a new sequential procedure which copes with situations in which sequential dominance fails. We also demonstrate that the recommendations deriving from the sequential approach are valid for distributions of equivalent income whatever equivalence scale the analyst might adopt. Thus the paper marries together the sequential and equivalizing approaches, seen as alternatives in much previous literature. All results are specified in forms which allow for demographic differences in the populations being compared.
PREDICTION OF THE ABILITY OF RECONSTITUTED VOCAL TRACTS OF FOSSILS TO PRODUCE SPEECH

This work is part of a project in a quest of the origin of speech. From classical bony landmarks of the head and jaw used in anthropology, and using a generic model of the vocal tract we attempted to apply the prediction of geometric limits of the vocal tract for modern man to fossils covering a period from 10 ka until 2 Ma (Paleolithic period). We can infer that all the reconstituted vocal tract s could produce the same variety of speech sounds as we can today. But we do not know to what extent they mastered the control skills needed to produce speech.
The Self in the Machine

Social human-robot interaction (HRI) has been widely recognised as one of the major challenges for robotics. This social aspect includes designing robots that embraces various humanlike characteristics regarding robot appearance and behaviour. Few HRI studies, however, address the core goal of human social interaction, i.e. the development of the self. This paper argues that social robots can constitute an illusion or an extension of the human self and should be developed as such. The concept of the self and its meanings for HRI research are here discussed from the symbolic interactionism perspective.
Proposal for a Mutual Conversion Relational Database-Ontology Approach

Whereas ontologies are formal knowledge representations, conveying a shared understanding of a given domain, databases are a mature technology that describes specifications for the storage, retrieval, organization, and processing of data in information systems to ensure data integrity. Ontologies offer the functionality of conceptual modeling while complying with the web constraints regarding publication, querying and annotation, as well as the capacity of formality and reasoning to enable data consistency and checking. Ontologies converted to databases could exploit the maturity of database technologies, and databases converted to ontologies could utilize ontology technologies to be more used in the context of the semantic web. This work aims to propose a generic approach that enables converting a relational database into an ontology and vice versa. A tool based on this approach has been implemented as a proof of a concept.
Staff perceptions of families in rural residential aged care

Abstract: Objective – The aim of the project was to identify staff opinions of working with families rural in residential aged care. Method – Staff from 3 aged care facilities completed and returned a questionnaire on their opinion about working with families and family participation in aged care settings. Results – There was a 46.9% return rate, with 85% of staff reporting that families should be encouraged to participate in the care of their relatives. However, the findings also report 87% of staff perceived that family members were hostile without good reason and 76% report families were angry with aged care workers and undermined their treatment efforts. Conclusions – Family participation in aged care settings is essential for provision of person-centred care practices. The current negative perceptions of families expressed by rural aged care staff requires further research or at a minimum the use of a tool to monitor organisations performance in relations with families. Key Words Aged care, Family participation, Person-centred care, Residential care, Staff/Family relationships