Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatigue, sleep restriction, and performance in automobile drivers: a controlled study in a natural environment.

OBJECTIVES To test the neurobehavioral consequences of sleep restriction combined with fatigue from long-distance driving (1000 Km/600 miles). DESIGN Counterbalanced study involving 3 experimental conditions: laboratory after controlled habitual sleep (8.5 hours), driving after controlled habitual sleep (8.5 hours) (Road 1), and driving after reduced sleep (2 hours) (Road 2). SETTING Sleep laboratory and open French highway. PARTICIPANTS 10 male participants (mean age 22 years, range 18-24 years, mean driving distance per year 15000 Km/9000 miles) free of sleep disorders. MEASUREMENTS Simple reaction time, prospective self-assessment of performance, and instantaneous fatigue and sleepiness ratings measured at 2-hour intervals. RESULTS A two-way repeated ANOVA with time of day and condition indicated a significant main effect for time of day (p < 0.05). The interaction between the two factors (condition * time of day) was also significant (p < 0.05). The effects of time of day were significant only in the condition of driving after sleep restriction, (p < 0.05). Under sleep restriction, some drivers presented an increase of 650 milliseconds compared to the laboratory condition, representing an increase of 23 meters in breaking distance at a speed of 75 miles per hour. Correlation analyses showed a significant linear correlation between self-assessment and reaction time in the laboratory condition (r = -0.58, p < 0.01) but not in the road conditions. Self-ratings during the breaks showed a significant increase in instantaneous self-rated fatigue and sleepiness between Road 1 and Road 2 conditions (Wilcoxon's test, Z = - 6.47, p < 0.0001 and Z = - 6.26, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Sleep restriction combined with fatigue significantly affects reaction time. The lack of correspondence between reaction time and prospective self-evaluation of performance suggests that self-monitoring in real conditions is poorly reliable.
Maintenance of the corpus luteum of early pregnancy in the ewe. I. Luteotropic properties of embryonic homogenates.

Experiments were carried out to examine the Iuteotropic properties of embryonic homogenates in ewes. Homogenates prepared from embryos collected 14-15 days postcoitum were infused into the uterine lumen of cycling ewes (n = 4) from Days 12 through 18 postestrus. Four control ewes received isotonic saline only. Embryonic homogenate, infused at a rate of 3 embryonic equivalents/24 h, prolonged the lifespan of corpora lutea through Day 18 postestrus. Mean serum progesterone levels on Days 16, 17 and 18 were 2.2 ± 0.5 ng/ml (±SEM), 2.0 ± 0.4 ng/ml and 1.6 ± 0.4 ng/ml in the treatment group and 0.33 ± 0.29 ng/ml 0.04 ± 0.01 ng/ml and 0.06 ± 0.01 ng/mI in the control group. Luteal weights on Day 18 were 626 ± 22 mg in the treatment group and 194 ± 46 mg in the control group. To determine if the luteotropic property of embryonic homogenate was due to the presence of Ll-I or prolactin-like molecules, we examined embryonic protein in sensitive radioreceptor assays for these hormones. However, 100 pg of embryonic protein had no activity in either the LH-hCG or prolactin radioreceptor assay. In a second study, 100 pg of embryonic protein had no effect on synthesis of progesterone or cAMP in dispersed ovine luteal cells, either alone or in combination with LH and/or prolactin. Synthesis of both progesterone and cAMP could be stimulated in these cells by NIH-LH-S19. The data indicate that homogenates of 14-15-day-old embryos are capable of prolonging luteal function when infused into the uterine lumen, but the effect does not appear to be exerted via an LH or prolactin-like molecule.
DERMACENTOR ( INDOCENTOR ) TAIWANENSIS ( ACARI : IXODOIDEA : IXODIDAE ) : IDENTITY OF MALE AND FEMALE 1 2

~D*rmactntor (Indocentor) taiwantnm of Taiwan and southern islands of Japan, where it parasitizes chiefly the Wild Pig, is redescribed and illustrattd from study of 230 adult specimens and comparative study of more than 18,000 specimens constituting the Oriental subgenus Indocentor. This distinctive species is easily recognized by the short, closely spaced coxa I spurs that are joined anteriorly in each sex; 3-5 spurs on male coxa IV; female external genitalia moderately large, broadly V-shaped, blunt apically; and characteristic scutal ornamentation pattern of each sex. W" j,' ■ . * ^' v. J ■ L ' As a step in revising the Oriental subgenus Indocentor Schulze of the genus Dermacentor Koch (Wassef & Hoogstraal 1983, 1984a,b; Hoogstraal & Wassef 1984, 1985a,b; Hoogstraal et ai. 1986), we redescribe and illustrate the male and female of Z). (7.) taiwanensis Sugimoto from 220 adult specimens from Taiwan and 10 adult specimens from southern Japan. Host and distribution data for adults and Imnatures are reported separately (Hoogstraal et al. 1986). The larva and nymph of this taxon were described and illustrated by Kitaoka &: Suzuki (1981). Dermacentor {I. ) taiwanensis is the only Indocentor species represented in our numerous collections of ticks from Taiwan wildlife and livestock and is the only species of the genus Dermacentor recorded from the Taiwan Wild Pig, Sus scrofa taivanus Swinhoe. Dermacentor (Indocentor) taiwanensis Sugimoto
HYPOXIA , PROPRANOLOL AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION 1173

The oxygen stores of the body are limited, and the margin of safety during hypoxia is small. Hypoxia causes acidosis and the release of catecholamines from peripheral nerve endings and the adrenal glands (Von Euler and Lishajko, 1963; Hatcher and Jennings, 1966; Nahas et al., 1967). Increases in the concentrations of circulating catecholamines increase further the demand for oxygen and perpetuate the downhill spiral. (J-Adrenergic antagonists compete for catecholamine receptor sites, and in normoxic patients—both with and without coronary artery disease—propranolol has been shown to inhibit stress-induced ischaemia by reducing myocardial oxygen consumption (Wolfson and Gorlin, 1969). Propranolol stabilizes cell membranes (Davis and Temte, 1968), and this protective effect may improve oxygen utilization and cell viability during hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to quantitate the effects of severe hypoxia on whole body oxygen consumption and oxygen utilization, and to determine whether propranolol, by altering these effects, might increase the margin of safety during hypoxia.
Production , Manufacturing and Logistics A variable neighborhood decomposition search method for supply chain management planning problems

Few models have been developed for the integrated planning and scheduling of the inventory, production and distribution functions. In this paper, we consider a three-stage supply chain, for which a sustainable inventory–production–distribution plan over a multi-period horizon is constructed. The associated program takes the form of a general mixed-integer program, for which the sole reliance upon exact methods is shown to be insufficient. We use a solution algorithm based on the variable neighborhood decomposition search metaheuristics, that can be seen as a stagewise exploration of increasingly large neighborhoods. The stages are related to the decomposition scheme, i.e., the order on which integrality conditions are restored. Within each stage, a sequence of neighborhoods is defined relying on the variable neighborhood search metaheuristics, while the exploration of the successive neighborhoods is performed using a branch-and-bound algorithm. The methodology is validated through its application to a problem faced by a large supply chain. Empirical results show that (i) the methodology performs best when the decomposition scheme accounts for the possibility of resources bottleneck, (ii) the primary source of savings originates from the distribution function and (iii) congestion must be defined with respect to the availability of the distribution resources at the periods with high requirements. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Optimization of perimeter gated SPADs in a standard CMOS process

Perimeter gated single photon avalanche diodes (PGSPADs) in standard CMOS processes have increased breakdown voltages and improved dark count rates. These devices use a polysilicon gate to reduce the premature breakdown of the device. This work characterizes the variation in PGSPAD noise (dark count rate) and breakdown voltage as a function of applied gate voltages for varying device shape, size, and junction type. Eight different PGSPADs were designed and fabricated in standard 0. 5μm 2 poly, 3 metal CMOS process. Our study showed the size of the device has negligible effect on the breakdown voltage of the device. The dark count rate for a circular shaped device is higher than a square shaped device but the effect of excess bias on the noise of the circular shaped device is less. Using a psub/n-well junction instead of an n-well/p+ junction increased the breakdown voltage. The effects of five factors: the size, the shape, the type of junction, the excess bias voltage and the gate voltage were investigated in this work.
The use of the expansion of gases in a centrifugal field as cooling process.

The design of a vortex tube of good efficiency in which the expansion of a gas in a centrifugal field produces cold is described. The important variables in construction and operation are discussed and data for several tubes under various operating conditions are given. Low pressure gas, 2 to 11 atmospheres, enters the tube and two streams of air, one hot and the other cold, emerge at nearly atmospheric pressure. The cold stream may be as much as 68°C below inlet temperatures. Efficiencies and applications are discussed.
The Highway Movement, 1916-1935

OF frontiers there is no end. It is still true, nearly two centuries after the farm frontiers of the Atlantic tidewater began to cut into the Piedmont, that now and then some "new custom" sweeps across the continent, leaving behind its cutting edge a new environment and marking a new stage in American development. With one of these frontiers, latest but certainly not the last, this inquiry is concerned. It is one which, between two great wars, has come alive, passed through its initial phases, and settled down as other frontiers have settled down into operating institutions. It is the frontier of gas and concrete and of a highway system binding an area of continental dimensions into a unit for the first time in history. There have been three major spreads of communication on an ocean-toocean basis in the United States, all having the common tendency to lessen the sharpness of sectional differences, to build up the national interest, and to shade the autonomy of the states. Each, in its setting of time and technology, has had its peculiar characteristics and has made its special contribution to American development. The latest of the three built for the United States a quarter of a million miles of modern highways, selected for their binding qualities from the more than three million miles of road which the survey shows upon the map. More than either of its predecessors, this third spread has upset the national equilibrium. The nation as a whole has been part and parcel of it and its necessary consequence has been to open the sections and break down state lines. Its immediate predecessor, the frontier of the railroads, completed its pioneer work about i888. And half a century earlier the frontier of the dirt road, the covered wagon, the trails, and the long overland journey tested the footways of the buffalo and the Indian and enriched the American vocabulary with the place names of the Pacific. There were few uncertainties about the basic topography of the continent when John Charles Fremont made his map of the Far West in I842-I844, and became "Pathfinder" for all time. But it was within his decade of exploration and advertisement that the trails to the Pacific were tied to the trails from the Atlantic and that the long-distance overland journey became an ordinary American phenomenon.
Multiple Roles of Biosurfactants in Structural Biofilm Development by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Recent studies have indicated that biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa play a role both in maintaining channels between multicellular structures in biofilms and in dispersal of cells from biofilms. Through the use of flow cell technology and enhanced confocal laser scanning microscopy, we have obtained results which suggest that the biosurfactants produced by P. aeruginosa play additional roles in structural biofilm development. We present genetic evidence that during biofilm development by P. aeruginosa, biosurfactants promote microcolony formation in the initial phase and facilitate migration-dependent structural development in the later phase. P. aeruginosa rhlA mutants, deficient in synthesis of biosurfactants, were not capable of forming microcolonies in the initial phase of biofilm formation. Experiments involving two-color-coded mixed-strain biofilms showed that P. aeruginosa rhlA mutants were defective in migration-dependent development of mushroom-shaped multicellular structures in the later phase of biofilm formation. Experiments involving three-color-coded mixed-strain P. aeruginosa biofilms demonstrated that the wild-type and rhlA and pilA mutant strains formed distinct subpopulations on top of each other dependent on their ability to migrate and produce biosurfactants.
A novel low-profile circularly polarized antenna with low angle coverage

In this work, we present the design of a low-profile circularly polarized antenna with a wide beam-width for low-angle coverage. The antenna consists of two parts: a dielectrically loaded short circuited quadrifilar helical antenna locates at the center, with its four ports terminated by 58 ohm impedance each. Additionally, four monopoles with 90° phase progression are placed around the helix, and sections of Archimedean spiral are used to topload the monopoles. The designed antenna has a peak gain of approximately 3dB and its 3dB beam width is 150°. The axial ratio of the antenna is less than 3 in the entire upper hemisphere over a wide frequency band, and its bandwidth is 18%.
Gene expression and secretion of cytokines and cytokine receptors from highly purified CD56+ natural killer cells stimulated with interleukin‐2, interleukin‐7 and interleukin‐12

Interleukin (IL)‐2 IL‐7 and IL‐12 stimulate the generation of lymphokine‐activated killer activity and proliferation in natural killer (NK) cells by different mechanisms. In this study, we have compared the ability of IL‐2, IL‐7 and IL‐12 to induce expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors both at the gene and protein level. IL‐2 and IL‐12 stimulated the CD56+ NK cells to release significant amounts of soluble p55 and p75 tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), whereas less amounts of soluble TNFR were detected in IL‐7‐stimulated cultures. The p55 and p75 TNFR mRNA were expressed in resting NK cells, and no further induction was observed after cytokine‐stimulation. Compared to the effects of IL‐2, IL‐7 induced lower, but substantial levels of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) mRNA, and IL‐7 was a more potent GM‐CSF‐inducing stimulus than IL‐12. IL‐12 induced higher levels of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) mRNA than did IL‐2, and IL‐7 only weakly influenced the IFN‐γ expression. In accordance with the mRNA studies, IL‐7 induced the secretion of high amounts of GM‐CSF and no or low levels of IFN‐γ, whereas high amounts of IFN‐γ and low levels of GM‐CSF were detected in supernatants from IL‐12‐stimulated NK cells. In conclusion, IL‐2, IL‐7 and IL‐12 differentially regulate expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors both at the gene and protein level.
Medic for the millennium: the U.S. Army 91W health care specialist.

The new millennium challenges the Army Medical Department to provide good care in a variety of circumstances from peacetime to operations other than war to combat. To provide care in this broad variety of missions, the Army Medical Department needs flexible providers. The new 91W health care specialist enlisted medic is designed to meet this need. By coupling skills in emergency care, evacuation, medical force protection, and primary care with certification in emergency medical technology, the 91W initiative will fill the needs of the Army now and into the new millennium.
Global sequencing approach for characterizing the molecular background of hereditary iron disorders.

BACKGROUND New genetic forms of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) or hereditary hyperferritinemia (HF) have been identified over the last few years, and abnormalities of various genes may interact in a single patient. This study aimed to develop a rapid automated method for sequencing the main genes involved. METHODS We used a standard 96-well microplate with a single PCR condition in an adaptation of the SCAIP (single-condition amplification with internal primer) method to sequence the HFE (hemochromatosis), HAMP (hepcidin antimicrobial peptide), HFE2/HJV [hemochromatosis type 2 (juvenile)], SLC40A1 (ferroportin), and TFR2 (transferrin receptor 2) genes, and the 5' untranslated region of the FTL (ferritin, light polypeptide) gene. To further simplify the method, we adjusted PCR conditions to avoid the use of an internal primer and applied this single-condition amplification method to 38 selected, unrelated patients. We tailored the genetic investigation according to the clinical picture, with the patients falling into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of patients with hyperferritinemia and high transferrin saturation (TS) (classic adult and juvenile HH forms, groups 1A and 1B, respectively), and group 2 consisted of patients with hyperferritinemia and low, typical, or slightly increased TS, with or without iron overload (groups 2A and 2B, respectively). RESULTS With this strategy we identified single-gene and multigene abnormalities, including 6 previously undescribed abnormalities in HFE (c.794dupA), HFE2 (c.-89-4dupT), and SLC40A1 (c.262A>G, c.533G>A, c.1468G>A, and c.-59_-45del). CONCLUSION This method is a simple approach for investigating hereditary iron overload or HF and allows rapid evaluation of patients.
From permission to the precision marketing

Internet has transformed the world over the past decades and has established itself as a vehicle for communication and transaction. The creation of new ways, new tools and strategies for the phenomenon of electronic communication was a (re)evolution to which no field of human activity was immune. The digital implementation of business has forced the update very concepts and definitions, especially those of advertising and marketing. This paper focuses specifically on one of the formats of online advertising and marketing, deepening the concept of the newsletter as a communication tool. The central objective of the study is to identify a set of characteristics of and e-mail marketing campaigns. The conclusions emphasize among other characteristics: the relevance of content, the introduction of incentives; message personalization; concern about privacy, the preference of an appropriate frequency of contact, checking the message against spam filters and the adoption of HTML as a main format.
Simpson's Paradox and the Impact of Different DNMT3A Mutations on Outcome in Younger Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of DNMT3A mutations on outcome in younger patients with cytogenetic intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Diagnostic samples from 914 patients (97% < 60 years old) were screened for mutations in DNMT3A exons 13 to 23. Clinical outcome was evaluated according to presence or absence of a mutation and stratified according to type of mutation (R882, non-R882 missense, or truncation). RESULTS DNMT3A mutations (DNMT3A(MUT)) were identified in 272 patients (30%) and associated with a poorer prognosis than wild-type DNMT3A, but the difference was only seen when the results were stratified according to NPM1 genotype. This example of Simpson's paradox results from the high coincidence of DNMT3A and NPM1 mutations (80% of patients with DNMT3A(MUT) had NPM1 mutations), where the two mutations have opposing prognostic impact. In the stratified analyses, relapse in patients with DNMT3A(MUT) was higher (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.72; P = .01), and overall survival was lower (hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.87; P = .002). The impact of DNMT3A(MUT) did not differ according to NPM1 genotype (test for heterogeneity: relapse, P = .4; overall survival, P = .9). Further analysis according to the type of DNMT3A mutation indicated that outcome was comparable in patients with R882 and non-R882 missense mutants, whereas in those with truncation mutants, it was comparable to wild-type DNMT3A. CONCLUSION These data confirm that presence of a DNMT3A mutation should be considered as a poor-risk prognostic factor, irrespective of the NPM1 genotype, and suggest that further consideration should be given to the type of DNMT3A mutation.
Allosteric Inhibitors against HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase: Design and Synthesis of MKC-442 Analogues Having an Ω-Functionalized Acyclic Structure

Based on X-ray crystallographic analysis of MKC-442/human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) complex, analogues in which the N1-substituent is replaced with ω-functionalized alkyl groups were designed to improve the affinity for the enzyme. Synthesis of these compounds was carried out starting from MKC-442 by a sequence of reactions (N3-protection, removal of N1-ethoxymethyl group, alkylation, and N3-deprotection). The compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV activity. Structure–activity relationships are discussed in terms of the possible interaction with the enzyme.
Channel condition ARQ rate control for real-time wireless video under buffer constraints

Many emerging applications involve real-time packet video transmission over noisy wireless networks. To ensure reliable video transmission, an automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme is used for repairing packet loss over a channel by retransmitting corrupted packets. However, an ARQ resolves the problem of packet loss at the expense of varying an effective channel rate as well as introducing extra latency. These properties increase the difficulty of rate control for real-time wireless video when the buffer overflow and underflow are taken into account. Therefore, we propose a novel ARQ-based rate control scheme, called "channel condition ARQ rate control" by using embedded coding to design an efficient retransmission policy for wireless video. This scheme achieves both maximal channel utilization and smooth video quality perceived at an end-host, which has a low implementation complexity under buffer constraints. We have conducted extensive simulations to verify the efficiency and robustness of the proposed scheme.