Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Convergence or Divergence between European HRM and American HRM

American HRM has shareholder perspective, and European HRM has stakeholder perspective. This creates divergence between HRM of both markets. This divergence makes social context important in European HRM. European HRM aims to protect interests of society; therefore, there is involvement of social partners in European HRM. American HRM aims to protect interests of shareholders in firms. Thus, American HRM is performance-oriented. Divergence may appear due to economic system difference between two markets. USA has liberal market economy view, and EU has coordinated market economy view, and EU is regulated economy. Thus, firms are autonomous in American HRM due to liberal market view. EU firms are restricted in HRM due to social awareness of regulated economy. However, firms are becoming deregulated in EU economy similar to USA economy. There is debate in academic literature, if there is European HRM or HRM in Europe. European firms apply European HRM recently. European HRM covers American HRM and social partners. Social variables make European HRM divergent from American HRM. European firms are adopting firm performance orientation in HRM. This makes European HRM convergent with American HRM.
Hierarchical 3D-torus interconnection network

Three dimensional (3D) stacked implementation has been proposed as a new technology for massively parallel computers. However, two major limitations have hindered the progress in this direction: the technology of vertical interconnects and the cost in terms of area for these vertical interconnects. Each vertical interconnect requires 300 /spl mu/m/spl times/300 /spl mu/m area, thus liberal is prohibited. Clearly, an interconnection philosophy which minimizes these vertical links can contribute to the success of a 3D implementation. A hierarchical 3D-torus network, called H3D-torus has been proposed to reduce the number of vertical links in 3D stacked implementation but keeping good network feature. This paper addresses the architectural details of the H3D-torus network, and explores aspects such as the network diameter, the peak number of vertical links, and VLSI layout area for the H3D-torus network as well as for several commonly used networks for parallel computers.
Idraparinux and liver enzymes: observations from the PERSIST trial

A potential influence of idraparinux – a synthetic analogue of the pentasaccharide sequence in heparins – on plasma liver enzyme levels was analysed in 37 patients suffering from deep vein thrombosis and participating in the PERSIST trial. Plasma gamma-glutamyl-transferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were determined prior to enoxaparin treatment (screening), prior to randomization (baseline) and once weekly during the 12-week treatment period. Patients were initially treated with weight-adjusted enoxaparin for 4–7 days and then randomized to either idraparinux (2.5, 5, 7.5 or 10 mg) or warfarin. Gamma-glutamyl-transferase was significantly increased after administration of enoxaparin at the baseline visit (P = 0.004) and in week 2 (P = 0.009) to return to screening levels in week 3 for the remaining study period (all P > 0.05). Aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.001) were significantly increased at the baseline visit and returned to screening values at week 2 for the remaining study period (all P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean values of plasma liver enzymes of the four idraparinux groups and the warfarin group in all 13 measurements. We concluded that idraparinux in contrast to enoxaparin does not increase plasma liver enzymes significantly.
Successful Management of Pregnancy in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pregnancy in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a high risk. We successfully managed a pregnancy in a patient with SLE-PAH. A 31-year-old pregnant woman with SLE-PAH had worsening PAH and SLE flare-up during pregnancy and a sudden increase in pulmonary arterial pressure after delivery. SLE-PAH was controlled by continuous intravenous epoprostenol and inhaled nitric oxide therapy combined with high-dose corticosteroids under close hemodynamic monitoring. Women with SLE-PAH should avoid pregnancy. However, in case of a similar event, we recommend our case as a good reference for improving the outcome of pregnancy with SLE-PAH.
An Empirical Research on the Impact of Personal Traits and Social Environment on Entrepreneurial Behavior

With an empirical research method, this thesis investigates the impact of personal traits and social environment on entrepreneurial behavior through the analysis of interview recordings of 26 entrepreneurs from China and France. It leads to the conclusion that social environment has a stronger impact on entrepreneurial behavior than that of personal traits. Finally, on the basis of this conclusion, the thesis also puts forward several suggestions to improve the social environment for starting an enterprise in China
Global Liquidity, Risk Premiums and Growth Opportunities

This paper constructs new indicators of liquidity for equity, bond and money markets in major advanced and emerging market countries, documents their evolution and comovements, and assesses the extent to which such measures are determinants of selected spreads and proxy measures of countries' growth opportunities. Three main results obtain. First, there is evidence of an historical increase in market liquidity since the early 1990s, in part as a result of advances in international financial integration, but markets have been increasingly exposed to global systemic liquidity shocks. Second, liquidity indicators appear to be important determinants of bond spreads in advanced economies and EMBI spreads in emerging markets. Third, improvements in market liquidity have significant real effects, as liquidity indicators have a significant positive impact on proxy measures of countries' growth opportunities.
A tool to manage low quality datasets

Nowadays in the world of Soft Computing there is a new challenge which consists of working with low quality data. To test the techniques that are designed in this area, there is the need for repositories of low quality datasets. Currently we can find various data mining techniques that are designed to handle some kind of low quality data. But, as far as we get our knowledge, it has not yet designed a software tool focused on the creation/management of low quality datasets that will help us to create repositories to facilitate the testing and comparison of the above techniques. We present in this paper a software tool which can create/manage low quality data. Even if a technique doesn't manage low quality data, the tool permits to transform the low quality data by other data that technique can manage.
Foreign direct investment : a behavioural finance approach

The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of corporate decision making regarding foreign direct investments (FDI) by applying two behavioural finance concepts, home bias and herding, to the analysis of FDI flows. I contribute to the literature by empirically testing for home bias and herding in an FDI context using a very broad panel dataset. I also contribute by examining the country policy implications of home bias on FDI flows between two countries by estimating the probability of an FDI relationship between two countries. In addition, I contribute by providing a generality of the results at a global, regional and country levels. The analysis in this thesis is conducted on a large panel dataset of the FDI inflows and outflows of 30 OECD member countries with their FDI partners, across 25 years in a bilateral country pair format which is a novel application of this dataset for the purpose of studying home bias and herding in FDI. The findings in this thesis confirm that there is an overall home country bias that is demonstrated through the preference for direct investments in places with greater physical, institutional and cultural proximity to the investor country. These general findings of home bias are observed and confirmed across different data segments: regional and country levels, across time and across different income country groups. I do not find that the effects of home bias have disappeared or diminished across time or at different geographic locations. Herding is another behavioural finance concept which is considered in the context of FDI outflows. Direct investors tend to herd around a perceived world or a regional leader when considering investments in faraway places and when they do not have the familiarity factors in common with an FDI partner country. Finally, by increasing the institutional and cultural familiarity, countries can significantly increase the probability that they will get a direct investment from a country with which they might not otherwise be having an FDI relationship.
Biological function of ‘pathogenesis‐related’ proteins: four PR proteins of tobacco have 1,3‐β‐glucanase activity

Three of the ten acidic ‘pathogenesis‐related’ (PR) proteins known to accumulate in Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun NN reacting hypersensitively to tobacco mosaic virus, namely −O, −N and −2, have been shown to have 1,3‐β‐glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) activity. By using sera raised against each protein purified to homogeneity close serological relationships have been demonstrated between the three proteins. The same specific sera cross‐reacted with a basic protein which is also a 1,3‐β‐glucanase induced by virus infection and which can be considered as a new basic pathogenesis‐related protein of tobacco. Protein PR‐O and the basic 1,3‐β‐glucanase display about the same specific enzymatic activity, i.e. 50‐fold and 250‐fold higher than specific activities of proteins PR‐N and −2 respectively.
Reduced-Dose CHOP Therapy for Elderly Patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

While CHOP therapy is effective for malignant lymphoma, the optimum schedule for elderly patients remains controversial. The present study investigated the usefulness of reduced-dose CHOP therapy for elderly patients. Previously untreated patients aged 65 years or older with intermediate to high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were given up to 6 courses of reduced-dose CHOP therapy at 3-week intervals. Group A patients were given 5/6 of the standard dose and Group B received 7/12 of the standard dose. Filgrastim was administered when the white blood cell count fell below 2,000/μL. Fifty-seven patients were evaluable and the scheduled therapy was completed in 37. For patients aged from 65 to 79 years and for patients older than 80 years, the complete response rate was 79.5% and 46.2%, overall 3-year survival was 58.2% and 30.4%, and event-free 3-year survival was 49.3% and 44.4%, respectively. Major toxicities (× grade 3) included leukopenia in 42 patients and documented infection in 7 patients. Grade 3 cardiac plus renal failure, grade 3 peritonitis due to small bowel perforation, and grade 3 liver dysfunction occurred in 1 patient each. One patient died of toxicity (grade 4 hematological toxicity and pneumonia). In conclusion, it seems that in the elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, response to reduced-dose (5/6 dose) CHOP therapy is comparable to that for standard CHOP in younger adults, mainly because of improved dose-intensity.
Centralised fusion over unreliable networks

This article considers a centralised data fusion system, in which the measurements of the local sensors are time-stamped, and then transmitted through the network to the fusion centre. The system will suffer measurements delay or loss due to the unreliability of the network. Based on the Kalman filter and information filter in a single channel, a centralised data fusion algorithm with buffers is proposed to solve this problem. A probabilistic metric to evaluate the performance of the system is presented. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Un protocole de routage \`a basse consommation d'\'energie selon l'approche de clustering pour les r\'eseaux de capteurs sans fils

In this paper we propose a new routing protocol with low energy consumption for wireless sensor networks based on the clustering approach. Our protocol is based on a strategy which aims at providing a more equitable exploitation of the selected nodes (cluster-heads) energy by distributing their load of the managed sensors during the clustering process. In order to save the energy dissipated while transmitting sensed data to the base station, the multi-hops routing strategy is used to arrange the communication of the data between cluster-heads nodes. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed protocol decreases the energy consumption and prolongs the network lifetime.
Turnover of managers in Russian privatized enterprises: A survey of evidence

This article is one of the first surveys on the turnover of senior managers in privatized enterprises in Russia. Its basic premise is that a radical change in the managing teams of these enterprises was necessary in the 1990s in order to enhance their restructuring and improve their performance. The article discusses the economic mechanisms that underlie managerial turnover in the developed economies and draws attention to the specifics of the transition economy of Russia that decreased its intensity. The determinants of managerial succession are discussed in a separate section. A review of empirical evidence on the managerial turnover in Russia indicates a low speed of this process, especially at the start of the transition period. At the same time there are signs that the turnover has been governed by the same forces as in the developed economies. In particular, there is a link between the replacement of managers and their performance. The strength of this relationship determines the quality of enterprise management and governance to a large extent; further improvements in this field require a greater transparency of companies and better protection of property rights.
Update on cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis

Purpose of reviewThere have recently been fewer publications describing novel cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. In the present review we focus on cytokines not previously implicated in contributing to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Recent findingsThe detection of IL-17 and factors that drive the differentiation and expansion of ThIL-17 cells, particularly in mouse models, clearly place IL-17 as a potential therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis. The emergence of other novel cytokines, notably IL-20 and IL-22, is of interest, not least by displaying proinflammatory effects particularly on fibroblasts – in contrast to their family member IL-10, the most potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. IL-32 is also of interest, with proinflammatory effects both on myeloid and nonmyeloid cells. SummaryIt is unclear whether the novel cytokines described in the present review will influence clinical practise. The involvement of IL-17 in murine arthritis may not translate as effectively to human arthritis – the ultimate test is a clinical trial in humans. The lack of efficacy of a recent anti-MCP-1/CCL-2 trial in rheumatoid arthritis highlights this dilemma. Finally, while technological advances including microarray analysis have broadened the scope for cytokine detection in rheumatoid arthritis, these methods have yet to translate to therapy in the clinic.
Międzynarodowy rynek instrumentów transferu ryzyka kredytowego

Transfer ryzyka kredytowego nie jest zjawiskiem nowym. Instrumenty s∏u ̋àce zabezpieczaniu przed ryzykiem kredytowym, takie jak gwarancje finansowe czy umowy ubezpieczenia, towarzyszà uczestnikom rynku kredytowego od wielu lat. Jednak ̋e w ostatnich latach dzi ́ki pojawieniu si ́ derywatów kredytowych znacznie wzros∏a skala zawieranych transakcji, transferujàcych ryzyko kredytowe. O ile wszystkie tradycyjne instrumenty zabezpieczajàce przed ryzykiem kredytowym sà umowami dostosowanymi do konkretnych uwarunkowaƒ i wymagaƒ stron transakcji, niejako „szytymi na miar ́” (ang. tailor made), o tyle w przypadku derywatów kredytowych, a szczególnie swapu odmowy zap∏aty kredytu, mo ̋na mówiç o mi ́dzynarodowym rynku transferu ryzyka kredytowego. Transfer ryzyka kredytowego jest procesem, w których jeden z podmiotów, zwany przerzucajàcym ryzyko kredytowe, przenosi ryzyko kredytowe na inny podmiot, zwany przejmujàcym ryzyko kredytowe. Przerzucenie ryzyka kredytowego jest dokonywane poprzez zawarcie umowy, niezale ̋nie od tego, jakiego instrumentu do niego si ́ u ̋yje. Przerzucajàcy ryzyko w zale ̋noÊci od rodzaju instrumentu zastosowanego do transferu jest nazywany: kupujàcym zabezpieczenie, beneficjentem, ubezpieczanym. Przejmujàcy ryzyko kredytowe mo ̋e byç nazywany: sprzedajàcym zabezpieczenie, gwarantem, ubezpieczycielem. Transfer ryzyka stosujà podmioty odczuwajàce potrzeb ́ sterowania ryzykiem kredytowym, a precyzyjnie mówiàc jego kszta∏towania (Borys, 1996), które mo ̋e polegaç zarówno na przejmowaniu, jak i na przenoszeniu ryzyka1. Dla przebiegu ca∏ego procesu konieczne jest istnienie odpowiednich narz ́dzi, które nazwa si ́ instrumentami transferu ryzyka kredytowego. Rynki instrumentów transferu ryzyka kredytowego mo ̋na zdefiniowaç jako miejsca, w których odbywa si ́ transfer ryzyka kredytowego, a wi ́c dochodzi do spotkania popytu na instrumenty transferu ryzyka kredytowego i ich poda ̋y. Intencjà autorki tego artyku∏u jest odpowiedê na nast ́pujàce pytania: – jakie instrumenty umo ̋liwiajà transfer ryzyka kredytowego? – jakie podmioty przerzucajà ryzyko kredytowe i jakie sà tego motywy? – jakie podmioty przejmujà ryzyko kredytowe i czym jest to uwarunkowane? – jakie rodzaje ryzyka pojawiajà si ́ w zwiàzku w wykorzystaniem instrumentów transferu ryzyka kredytowego? – czy rynki instrumentów transferu ryzyka kredytowego zagra ̋ajà stabilnoÊci systemu finansowego? W pierwszej cz ́Êci artyku∏u przedstawiono typologi ́ instrumentów transferu ryzyka kredytowego i charakterystyk ́ rynku instrumentów transferu ryzyka kredytowego. Nast ́pnie przedstawiono struktur ́ podmiotowà tego rynku. W kolejnej cz ́Êci przeanalizowano mo ̋liwe ryzyko pojawiajàce si ́ w zwiàzku z transferem ryzyka kredytowego i zagro ̋enia dla funkcjonowania tego rynku i systemu finansowego.
Protection of marmoset monkeys against EAE by treatment with a murine antibody blocking CD40 (mu5D12)

CD40‐CD40 ligand interactions are crucial to cognate interactions between T cells, B cells and antigen‐presenting cells (APC), and contribute to non‐antigen‐specific effector functions of APC in inflammatory disorders. Here we demonstrate that functional blockade of CD40 with an antagonist mouse anti‐human CD40 monoclonal antibody (mAb mu5D12) effectively prevents clinical expression of chronic demyelinating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in outbred marmoset monkeys, a preclinical model of multiple sclerosis. Anti‐CD40 mAb interfered with development of clinical symptoms of marmoset EAE during the treatment period, even when treatment was started several weeks after T cell priming. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated inflammatory activity in the brain at initiation of antibody treatment, confirming that treatment interfered with the disease process. Access of therapeutic anti‐CD40 to potential sites of action, the secondary lymphoid organs and the brain white matter lesions, was visualized in situ. The present data are the first to demonstrate the clinical potential of blocking APC and effector cell functions using murine antagonist anti‐CD40 mAb in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Management of androgen-independent prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND Although androgen withdrawal can control prostate cancer for long periods in many patients, controversy exists regarding management when the tumor becomes androgen independent. Several options are now available. METHODS A review of the pertinent literature of the last 20 years was conducted to provide guidance in defining and managing hormone-refractory prostate cancer. RESULTS Stage D prostate cancer can be subclassified to correlate tumor biology with disease stage. Secondary hormone manipulations may induce responses in patients after failure of initial androgen suppression, and chemotherapy with docetaxel has prolonged survival in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). The weight of evidence supports the maintenance of castrate levels of testosterone in metastatic AIPC. Bisphosphonates decrease skeletal complications. CONCLUSIONS Secondary hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and bisphosphonate therapy may provide benefits for selected patients. Correlation of disease stage with biologic characteristics of the tumor and host facilitates proper choices of interventions. Docetaxel-based chemotherapy regimens should be considered for first-line treatment of patients with progressive metastatic AIPC.
Marketing Researcher Ethical Sensitivity: Conceptualization, Measurement, and Exploratory Investigation

Theoretical models of marketing ethics propose that people first must perceive the presence of an ethical issue before the process of ethical decision making can begin. Through the concept of ethical sensitivity, the authors explore why some marketing researchers and not others recognize and ascribe importance to the ethical content in their decision situations. The authors examine two rival definitions of ethical sensitivity and develop a measurement procedure capable of discriminating between them. The procedure then is tested on two populations (marketing students and marketing research practitioners), and several determinants of ethical sensitivity are investigated. Results indicate that the two definitions of ethical sensitivity are empirically equivalent. Furthermore, results show that the ethical sensitivity of marketing researchers is a positive function of organizational socialization and perspective taking, but a negative function of relativism and formal training in ethics.
Adaptive beamforming algorithms for wireless link layer multicasting

The proliferation of mobile applications and services involving group communications has increased the need for efficient wireless multicasting solutions in next generation broadband access networks. The availability of antenna arrays at the base stations makes adaptive beamforming especially attractive for multicasting; with beamforming, the received signal strength at the clients can be significantly improved. However, the problem of designing optimal transmit beamformers for multicast applications is challenging, mainly due to its non-convex nature. In this work, we design efficient transmit beamformers for wireless link layer multicasting where instantaneous channel state information is available at the transmitter. In addressing the non-convexity of the problem, we design non-iterative, near-optimal beamforming algorithms based on the optimality conditions derived from its Lagrangian formulation. We show that for real channels, e.g, where Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) is used, the optimal solution can be obtained. To address the effectiveness of the proposed solution for the complex channel, we also derive an upper bound on the multicast rate based on the dual formulation of the problem. Evaluations reveal that our algorithms deliver a performance that is close to the upper bound, while significantly improving the multicast rate over state of the art solutions.