Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Single and Two-Photon Absorption for Laser Characterization of Single-Event Upsets in SOI SRAMs

The laser pulse energy thresholds for single-event upset measured by single photon and two photon absorption are measured and compared for Sandia SRAMs and DPSRAMs, and IBM 45-nm SRAMs for devices with and without the back substrate removed. These results are also compared to heavy-ion results taken on the same devices. Sandia SRAM data taken on different test dates resulted in considerably different TPA laser pulse energy thresholds even though the TPA system was calibrated using standard techniques each test date. These differences are believed to be due to changes in laser spot size. This shows that it is imperative to develop a calibration procedure that monitors all relevant laser parameters if TPA is to be used as a routine quantitative tool. Removing the back substrate makes a very large difference in TPA laser pulse energy threshold. This large difference is likely due to either displacement currents generated in the back substrate by TPA and/or nonlinear optical effects which can reduce the laser pulse irradiance in the active region. Nevertheless, the mechanism does not appear to affect the qualitative nature of TPA measurements. Both SPA and TPA laser measurements were used to estimate the heavy-ion threshold LETs of the Sandia DPSRAMs and 45-nm IBM SRAMs. Both SPA and TPA overestimated the heavy-ion threshold LET of the IBM 45-nm SRAMs (likely due to the large laser spot size compared to the size of the SRAM cell), but reasonably estimated the threshold LETs of the Sandia DPSRAMs. For the first time, TPA laser pulse energy (squared) is directly compared to SPA laser pulse energy at threshold. There is reasonable quantitative agreement between the charge required to induce upsets by TPA and SPA with the back substrate removed.
Innervation of the rabbit cardiac ventricles

The rabbit is widely used in experimental cardiac physiology, but the neuroanatomy of the rabbit heart remains insufficiently examined. This study aimed to ascertain the architecture of the intrinsic nerve plexus in the walls and septum of rabbit cardiac ventricles. In 51 rabbit hearts, a combined approach involving: (i) histochemical acetylcholinesterase staining of intrinsic neural structures in total cardiac ventricles; (ii) immunofluorescent labelling of intrinsic nerves, nerve fibres (NFs) and neuronal somata (NS); and (iii) transmission electron microscopy of intrinsic ventricular nerves and NFs was used.
Sustaining “Meaningful Use” of Health Information Technology in Low-Resource Practices

PURPOSE The implementation of electronic health records (EHRs) has been extensively studied, but their maintenance once implemented has not. The Regional Extension Center (REC) program provides implementation assistance to priority practices—those with limited financial, technical, and organizational resources—but the assistance is time limited. Our objective was to identify potential barriers to maintenance of meaningful use of EHRs in priority primary care practices using a qualitative observational study for federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) and priority practices in Michigan. METHODS We conducted cognitive task analysis (CTA) interviews and direct observations of health information technology implementation in FQHCs. In addition, we conducted semistructured interviews with implementation specialists serving priority practices to detect emergent themes relevant to maintenance. RESULTS Maintaining EHR technology will require ongoing expert technical support indefinitely beyond implementation to address upgrades and security needs. Maintaining meaningful use for quality improvement will require ongoing support for leadership and change management. Priority practices not associated with larger systems lack access to the necessary technical expertise, financial resources, and leverage with vendors to continue alone. Rural priority practices are particularly challenged, because expertise is often not available locally. CONCLUSIONS Priority practices, especially in rural areas, are at high risk for falling on the wrong side of a “digital divide” as payers and regulators enact increasing expectations for EHR use and information management. For those without affiliation to maintain the necessary expert staff, ongoing support will be needed for those practices to remain viable.
SCREENING FOR BID RIGGING—DOES IT WORK?

This paper proposes a method to detect bid-rigging by applying mutually reinforcing screens to a road construction procurement data set from Switzerland in which no prior information about collusion was available. The screening method is particularly suited to deal with the problem of partial collusion, i.e. collusion which does not involve all firms and/or all contracts in a specific data set, implying that many of the classical markers discussed in the corresponding literature will fail to identify bid-rigging. In addition to presenting a new screen for collusion, it is shown how benchmarks and the combination of different screens may be used to identify subsets of suspicious contracts and firms in a data set. The discussed screening method succeeds in isolating a group of “suspicious” firms exhibiting the characteristics of a local bid-rigging cartel operating with cover bids and a – more or less pronounced – bid rotation scheme. Based on these findings the Swiss Competition Commission (ComCo) decided to open an investigation.
Effect of White Kwao Extract (Pueraria mirifica) on in vitro Development and Implantation Rate of Mouse Embryo

The White Kwao (Pueraria mirifica), a potent phytoestrogenic medicinal plant, has long been use in Thailand as a traditional folkmedicine. However, no scientific information of the direct effect of White Kwao on the development of mammalian embryo was available. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of White Kwao extract on the in vitro development and implantation rate of mouse embryos. This study was designed into two experiments. In the first experiment, the two-cell stage mouse embryos were collected from the oviduct of superovulated mature female mice, and randomly cultured in three different media, the M16, M16 supplemented with 0. 52μg esthinylestradiol-17β, and M16 supplemented with 10 mg/ml White Kwao extract. The culture was incubated in CO2 incubator at 37 C . After the embryos were cultivated, the developments of embryos were observed every 24 hours for 5 days. The development rate of embryos from the two-cell stage to blastocyst stage in the media was with White Kwao was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the control group (68.50% versus 43.50%) but did not differ from the positive control group (68.50% versus 57.66%). In the second experiment, hatched blastocysts, which obtained from three different media, were differently labeled the nuclei with two polynucleotide-specific fluorochromes, the propidium iodide (PI) and the bisbenzimide. The results showed that the number of trophectoderm cells in the blastocysts that cultivated in the media with White Kwao did not significantly differ from the control (80.00 versus 70 cells) and the positive control group (80.00 versus 112.50 cells). The average number of inner cell mass in the White Kwao treated group did not significantly differ from the control group (20.50 versus 16.00 cells) and the positive control group (20.50 versus 20.50 cells). The total cell number including the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass of the individual hatched blastocyst was evaluated. The cell number in the blastocysts obtained from the media with the White Kwao did not significantly differ from the control (94.25 + 9.50 versus 92.33 + 4.05) and the positive control group (94.25 + 9.50 versus 110.33 + 9.16). The results demonstrated that the White Kwao treatment group did have a stimulating effect on the in vitro development of mouse embryos. The exact mechanism that White Kwao stimulated mouse embryo development is not known. The suspect mechanism may in a manner similar to the mechanism that of estrogen stimulated the development of the mouse embryos. Futher studies are needed to transfer the blastocyst into the endometrium of pseudopreagnancy mice to evaluate the effect of White Kwao on implantation Keywords—White Kwao (Pueraria Mirifica), blastocyst. Sansani Rungrattawatchai is the lecturer at College of Nursing and Health, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Dusit Bangkok 10300, Thailand (corresponding author to provide phone: +66-082-499-6035; fax: +6602 16
Effects of inspiratory muscle training in cystic fibrosis: a systematic review

Objective: We performed a systematic review to determine the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity, dyspnoea and quality of life for adolescents and adults living with cystic fibrosis. Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL electronic databases were searched up to January 2008. Review methods: We performed a systematic review using the methodology outlined in the Cochrane Collaboration protocol. Articles were included if: (1) participants were adolescents or adults with cystic fibrosis (>13 years of age); (2) an IMT group was compared to a sham IMT, no intervention or other intervention group; (3) the study used a randomized controlled trial or cross-over design; and (4) it was published in English. Data were abstracted and methodological quality was assessed independently by two reviewers. Results: The search strategy yielded 36 articles, of which two met the inclusion criteria. Both studies used a targeted or threshold device for IMT. Meta-analyses were limited to forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), which showed no difference in effect between the IMT group and the sham and/or control group. Individual study results were inconclusive for improvement in inspiratory muscle strength. One study demonstrated improvement in inspiratory muscle endurance. Conclusion: The benefit of IMT in adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis for outcomes of inspiratory muscle function is supported by weak evidence. Its impact on exercise capacity, dyspnoea and quality of life is not clear. Future research should investigate the characteristics of the subgroup of people with cystic fibrosis that might benefit most from IMT.
Service Firms: Interdependence of External and Internal Marketing Strategies

Investigates the marketing concept and where it can be found, plus the difference in eras and thoughts. Posits that there are three points to the rationale and examines these in detail. Part one looks at how stakeholders can be considered a ‘market’; the second part looks at how traditional marketing must take into account its internal aspect to succeed externally; part three describes interdependence existing between external and internal ‘constituencies’. Aims to make marketing practitioners more aware of the real degree of freedom left to them by the internal structures and to show some ways in which they can broaden this. Concludes that the fact is that marketing practitioners spend more and more time in internal action, especially in service companies and that ultimately internal marketing expresses the power which marketers use to control internal participants in their external strategy.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSITIVE QUANTITATIVE COMPETITIVE PCR ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DNA

Accurate and rapid diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) disease in immunocompromised patients has remained as a challenge. Quantitative competitive PCR (QC-PCR) methods for detection of HCMV in these individuals have improved the positive and negative predictive values of PCR for diagnosis of HCMV disease. In this study we used QC-PCR assay, using a co-amplified DNA standard, to quantitate the HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) gene in different samples. A DNA internal standard (IS) was designed by replacing HCMV primer binding site at 5' ends of primers that amplifies a 156-bp fragment of lambda genome, and a 200 bp amplicon was produced. Two DNA fragments of 257 bp wild type and 200-bp (IS) were co-amplified with the same oligonucleotide primer sets, analyzed by gel electrophoresis and used for construction of a standard curve. From this, the copy number of the gB gene present in different samples could be determined. Co-amplification with 1,000 copies of IS, allowed quantitation of 10-100,000 of HCMV DNA in a single PCR. This rapid assay avoids using radioactive components and other less efficient quantitative systems. It has the potential for early identification of patients at high risk of development of HCMV disease, and is useful for
rpoB Mutations in Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated in Italy

ABSTRACT Mutations of rpoB associated with rifampin resistance were studied in 37 multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in Italy. At least one mutated codon was found in each MDR strain. It was always a single-base substitution leading to an amino acid change. Nine differentrpoB alleles, three of which had not been reported before, were found. The relative frequencies of specific mutations in this sample were different from those previously reported from different geographical areas, since 22 strains (59.5%) carried the mutated codon TTG in position 531 (Ser→Leu) and 11 (29.7%) had GAC in position 526 (His→Asp).
Consumer Choice Criteria in Retail Bank Selection

Consumers do not select their main bank in a particularly conscious fashion; results of a survey of 558 Swedish bank customers and 53 bank branch managers indicated that for a third of respondents the choice was random. However, bank location, availability of loans, and payment of salary through a certain bank are reasons for choice, as is the influence of parents' choices. Choice is most probably a result of a match between bank image and consumer interests.
A Top-N Algorithm-based Personalized Learning Recommendation System for Digital Library

The digital library brings convenience, but meanwhile, it also brings the problems of overloaded information and over-diversified forms,thus search becomes difficult. Personalized Learning Recommendation System is the key to solve the problems, and suitable for the situation with user diversification and demand diversification. With the System, users spend the least time and energy in accurately finding the information they need, where efficiency is improved to the greatest extent. The research conclusion of personalized learning recommendation system based on Top-N algorithm is based on the calculation of the experimental results from the analysis of the related theory and technology based on Top-N algorithm.
The Dreams Plan: A Blupoint Strategy for e‐Education Provision in South Africa

Since 2004, the government of South Africa has issued a number of white papers calling for the development of a national e‐education strategy. A recent study published in this journal (Mooketsi & Chigona, 2014) suggests that the current e‐education strategy is not working for many communities in South Africa. This paper presents an alternative e‐education strategy for South Africa known as the DREAMs plan (Digital Resources for Education And Mobility). The DREAMs plan proposes the following three conjectures. First, offline platforms are more important than online platforms for building a sustainable SA e‐education strategy. Second, mobile technologies are more important than non‐mobile technologies for building a sustainable SA e‐education strategy. Third, sideloading cultures are more important than downloading cultures for building a sustainable SA e‐education strategy. The paper finishes with some final thoughts on the place of dreaming and dreamers in the wider development agenda.
THE INFLUENCE OF AUDIT FEE, AUDIT TIME BUDGET PRESSURE AND PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT ATTITUDE ON THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT DYSFUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOR AND IT'S IMPLICATION ON AUDIT QUALITY SURVEY ON "SMALL" SCALE PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM'S IN JAVA

The fierce competition among public accounting firm encourages competitive biddings which lead “fee war” that effect the audit fee. It consequently brings implications to the audit time budget pressure that will cause public accountants dysfunctional behavior and attitude in performing the public accountant duties which results in poor audit quality. Objects of study are the audit fee, audit time budget pressure, public accountant’s attitude, public accountants dysfunctional, and audit quality. The research methods used on this case is descriptive –verificative methods. Research type is applied research. The data were obtained through survey techniques by distributing questionnaires to 167 public accounting firms small scale in Java and examined by structural equation model. The result showed that there were a significant effect of the audit fees, audit time budget pressure to public accountant’s attitude. The audit time budget pressure and public accountant’s attitude also had significant effects on public accountant dysfunctional behavior and its can implicate the increase of audit quality
The effect of inhalational anaesthetics on the microtubular system in Actinosphaerium nucleofilum.

Six different anaesthetic agents were found to cause reversible collapse of the axopods of Actinosphaerium nucleofilum. The effect occurred at concentrations proportional to those required to anaesthetize man. Electron microscopy showed dispersal of the microtubular system and disaggregation of the microtubules of the axonemes, and expanded microtubules without interlinkage were seen in the related heliozoon Actinophrys sol under treatment with halothane. In both genera there was a rapid reassembly during the recovery period. Diethyl ether, an inhalational anaesthetic with a particularly large molecule, was ineffective except at relatively very high concentrations, and with this agent cytolysis often occurred with little or no shorten ing of axopods.
Expanding the boundaries of beginning farmer training and program development: A review of contemporary initiatives to cultivate a new generation of American farmers

Beginning farmer training and program develop­ment in United States is one of the most significant yet poorly understood areas of agriculture, food system, and community development research and practice. This article offers a review of the social context in forming recent beginning farmer educa­tional programming in order to shed light on its develop­ment, purpose, and future trajectory. We provide several illustrations of best practices to support our main point that adult agricultural education for beginning farmers is taking on new forms and patterns to support and sustain a new generation of famers. As such it is vitalizing new opportunities to generate and exchange informa­tion and knowledge for sustainable agriculture. While these examples appear promising, the article concludes with recommendations for researchers and practi­tioners to expand the boundaries of what constitutes meaningful education for beginning farmers who are interested in sustainable food system models and practices.
Updated Reported Distribution of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the United States, 1995–2016

Abstract Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) are potential vectors of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses in the United States. A Zika virus outbreak in Florida in the summer of 2016, driven by Ae. aegypti and resulting in > 200 locally acquired cases of human illness, underscored the need for up-to-date information on the geographic distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the United States. In early 2016, we conducted a survey and literature review to compile county records for presence of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the United States from 1995 to 2016. Surveillance for these vectors was intensified across the United States during the summer and fall of 2016. At the end of 2016, we therefore conducted a follow-up survey of mosquito control agencies, university researchers, and state and local health departments to document new collection records for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The repeated survey at the end of the year added Ae. aegypti collection records from 38 new counties and Ae. albopictus collection records from 127 new counties, representing a 21 and 10 percent increase, respectively, in the number of counties with reported presence of these mosquitoes compared with the previous report. Moreover, through our updated survey, 40 and 183 counties, respectively, added additional years of collection records for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from 1995 to 2016. Our findings underscore the continued need for systematic surveillance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.
Spatial Planning Interventions and their Implications on Conservation of Urban Green Spaces

Urban green spaces are quite important in enhancing the urban environment and the aesthetic quality of city life. This research attempts to give proposals for improving the quality of urban green spaces in Kisumu city. The objective of the study was to analyze spatial planning interventions and their implications on conservation of urban green spaces. Data, which was qualitative, was collected from published documents, observation and questionnaires. Content Analysis was used to analyze this objective. The study found out that the multiplicity of laws and regulations, as well as multiple institutions, are the major impediments to the planning and building sector. The absence of a national land use and urban policy has also resulted in haphazard developments that are incompatible and not well served with infrastructural services. The study recommends that a supportive legislative and administrative framework should be put in place; a supportive authoritative body should be established to exhibit strict adherence to physical planning laws at all times; and a single inter-ministerial agency should be made responsible for urban affairs.
Efficacy of a herd-specific vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus to prevent post-partum mastitis in dairy heifers.

A placebo-controlled field study was performed to evaluate the effect of a herd-specific vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus on intramammary infection (IMI), somatic cell count (SCC) and clinical mastitis. Three hundred and twenty-one heifers were assigned to two groups. Heifers in the vaccination group (n = 164) were vaccinated twice, i.e. 5 and 2 weeks before their expected calving date. Animals of the control group (n = 157) received the same treatment with a placebo containing no bacterial antigen. Quarter milk samples were collected immediately after parturition prior to the first machine milking, 3-4 weeks after calving and before the onset of treatment in animals with signs of clinical mastitis during the first 3 months after calving. For comparison of SCC the data from the monthly milk test records were evaluated. The prevalence of S. aureus in quarter milk samples taken at calving and 3-4 weeks post-partum did not differ significantly between the vaccine and control group. Incidence of clinical mastitis during the first 3 months after calving and the prevalence of S. aureus in quarter milk samples taken before the onset of treatment did not differ significantly between the groups. The SCC was lower in vaccinated than in control heifers. However, the difference was only significant on the third milk test day. Regarding prevalence of IMI with S. aureus and incidence of clinical mastitis the use of a herd-specific vaccine against S. aureus did not prove to be efficient on this farm.