Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYZING QOS BASED STABLE ENERGY AWARE ADHOC ROUTING PROTOCOL WITH DIFFERENT MOBILITY MODELS

A mobile adhoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring infrastructure less network.The emergence of real-time applications such as multimedia services, disaster recovery etc., and the widespread use of wireless and mobile devices has generated the need to provide quality-of-service (QoS) support in MANET. The mobility model represents the realistic behavior of each mobile node in the MANET.In this paper, the performance of QOS based stable energy aware adhoc routing protocol (QSEAAR) is analyzed with various mobility models for Mobile Ad Hoc Network. For high acceptability of routing protocol, analysis of routing protocol in ad hoc network only with random way point mobility model is not sufficient. Here Random Way Point (RWP) Model, Manhattan Grid (MG), Reference Point Group Mobility (RPGM), Gauss-Markov (GM) mobility Model are considered for proper analysis of QSEAAR routing protocol. The simulation of proposed protocol is carried out using network simulator ns-2.35 under Linux platform. KEY TERMS QSEAAR, QoS, RPGM, RWP, GM, IEEE, MAC.
Effect of Truncated AUC Method on Drug Bioequivalence in Humans

The purpose of this study is to investigate the eff ect of using truncated area under the curve AUC) method on the bioequivalence of different drugs in healthy volunt eers. Model drugs used clopidogrel, glimepiride, losartan , carvedilol, carbamazepine, diazepam, donepezil, tra madol and repaglinide. 24 – 38 healthy subjects participa ted in each study using cross over design. Individual disp osition kinetic parameters of areas under plasma concentrat ions (AUC 0-t , AUC 00 ), maximum concentration (C max ) and time to reach maximum concentration (T max ) were calculated by non-compartmental analysis using Kinetica progra m V 4.2 using all data points. In addition, truncated A UC was calculated up to median T max of reference product. No di- rect correlation was shown between study results du e to AUC truncation. The 90 % confidence intervals for l og- transformed AUC 0-t , AUC 00 , and C max were not always in agreement with the 90 % confidence intervals for lo g-trans- formed truncated AUC. More over, the 90 % confidenc e intervals for log-transformed AUC 0-t , AUC 00 passed in all drugs, while those for C max failed in 3 drugs and for trun- cated AUC failed in seven drugs. This indicates tha t C max , AUC 0-t , AUC 00 rather than truncated AUC are more accu- rate to determine formulation differences, which is the goal of bioequivalence studies. It was shown that intra- subject variability is usually higher in truncated AUC as c ompared to variabilities of AUC 0-t , AUC 00 , and Cmax. This rendered the sample size to be in adequate for calculation o f tuncated AUC parameter, which explained the high failure rat e in its limits. These results suggest not using truncat ed AUC to support the bioequivalence of drugs where rapid ab- sorption is of importance as recommended by the dra ft EMEA guideline.
Management of Truncated Data in Speech Transmission Evaluation for Pupils in Classrooms

Speech intelligibility is a subjective performance index defined as the percentage of a message understood correctly. Often the results of speech intelligibility tests would suggest that conditions are acceptable, with Intelligibility Score (IS) of the order of 90% or more, while speech transmission performance may not be satisfactory. Subjective ratings of the Listening Easiness Score (LES), based on a discrete questionnaire, provide an alternative approach. A total of 239 primary school pupils, aged 7 to 11, evenly distributed among the grades, participated in the survey. The objective indicator Speech Transmission Index (STI) was also measured for each test setting in seven different positions in the laboratory classroom used for the test. Both IS and LES are inherently bounded, and their data distributions exhibit a significant accumulation of scores in the upper and lower parts. The resulting truncation problem has been addressed with a method based on the normal probability plot, enabling identification of mathematical models relating IS and LES to STI, as well as the estimation of related uncertainties. IS and LES exhibit substantially similar metrological capabilities, as, for both, model relative uncertainty does not exceed 4% and uncertainties in prediction of new observations are about twice as large.
Approches prédictives pour la stabilisation en temps discret de l'avion planaire à décollage vertical

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Approches prédictives pour la stabilisation en temps discret de l’avion planaire à décollage vertical Nicolas Marchand, Ahmed Chemori, Guylaine Poulin
Hypercalcemia Preceding the Leukemic Transformation of Myelofibrosis

Malignancy is commonly associated with hypercalcemia, but myelofibrosis (MF) leading to hypercalcemia is quite rare and has not been previously well characterized. A 45-year-old woman with a history of essential thrombocytosis was found to have new pancytopenia. Her bone marrow biopsy noted trilineage hypercellularity and markedly increased reticulin fiber stain consistent with post-essential thrombocytosis myelofibrosis. Shortly after discontinuing her hydroxyurea, she was readmitted with bone pain and found to have hypercalcemia. There was no evidence of lytic bone lesions, PTH-rP secretion, hyperparathyroidism, or Vitamin D activation. The bone marrow did have increased numbers of active osteoclasts. Her serum calcium normalized after treatment with IV fluids, pamidronate and calcitonin. Shortly thereafter, her WBC rose to 22 with 2% circulating blasts, but repeat bone marrow biopsy and flow cytometry did not reveal increased blast morphology. Several months later, she presented to an outside hospital and a third bone marrow biopsy revealed leukemic transformation. Hypercalcemia from myelofibrosis has rarely been reported in the literature. The majority of cases of MF related hypercalcemia had bone pain or bone destruction, and the hypercalcemia resolved with osteoclast or mitotic inhibition. These cases demonstrate that the development of hypercalcemia in MF often heralds leukemic transformation, which portends a poor prognosis. List of Abbreviations Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), complete blood count (CBC), essential thrombocytosis (ET), hemoglobin (Hb), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), myelofibrosis (MF), parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), white blood cell (WBC)
Function and Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Acellular Derivatives on Non-Healing Chronic Skin Ulcers

Non-healing chronic skin ulcers are considered a major biological, psychological, and financial burden for both patients and health systems. Multidisciplinary endeavors are required to address this refractory disease, in order to find definitive solutions that lead to improved living conditions. Diabetes, venous stasis, arterial insufficiency, pressure and radiation are common risk factors associated with chronic wounds. Unfortunately, the cured state for these wounds has a high relapse rate, which adversely affects the patient’s quality of life. Nevertheless, advances on regenerative medicine have allowed the development of cell-based therapies that promote wound healing by increasing cell migration and differentiation. Particularly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their acellular derivatives have emerged as an attractive therapeutic agent in various diseases, including chronic skin ulcers, due to their role in immunomodulation and tissue regeneration. In this review discusses the characteristics of MSCs as well as their regenerative properties and their action mechanisms on wound healing. Finally, the perspectives of MSCs and their acellular derivatives in clinical chronic skin ulcer therapy are also explored.
Human Milk Sugars Can Protect Against Food Allergies in Mice

Human Milk Sugars Can Protect Against Food Allergies in Mice • Sugars present in human milk have been previously shown to influence the immune system both directly and indirectly. • A new study finds that two sugars present in human milk can reduce the severity of food allergy symptoms in mice. • The sugars, 2’-fucosyllactose and 6’-siallylactose, modulated the mouse immune system to decrease inflammation and increase tolerance to allergens. • Food allergies affect a substantial proportion of the population, and there are few therapies available. • If the study’s results can be replicated in humans, this could potentially lead to specific milk sugars being used as part of therapies to protect against food allergies.
Identification of a functional point defect in 
SrTiO3

Daesu Lee,1 Hongwei Wang,2 Brenton A. Noesges,3 Thaddeus J. Asel,3 Jinbo Pan,2 Jung-Woo Lee,1 Qimin Yan,2 Leonard J. Brillson,3 Xifan Wu,2 and Chang-Beom Eom1,* 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA 2Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
Effects of different epoxidation methods of soybean oil on the characteristics of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil-co-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer

The effect of the type of epoxidation processes of soybean oil on the characteristics of epoxidized soybean oils (ESOs), acrylated epoxidized soybean oils (AESOs), and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil - poly(methyl metacrylate) copolymers (AESO-co-PMMA) has been investigated. Two epoxidation processes were used: an in situ chemical epoxida- tion using hydrogen peroxide and formic acid, and a chemo-enzymatic epoxidation using 2 enzymes: Novozyme ® 435 (CALB) and a homemade lipase/acyltransferase (CpLIP2). ESOs containing different numbers of epoxide groups/molecule were synthesized. A commercial ESO (Vikoflex ® 7170) was employed and it had the highest number of epoxide groups. Acrylation of ESOs was carried out using acrylic acid, and copolymerized with a methyl methacrylate monomer. The chemo-enzymatic epoxidation produced high acid value, particularly from the CpLIP2 (! 46-48%) and indicated the for- mation of epoxidized free fatty acids. In contrast, the ESO synthesized from the chemical epoxidation showed a very low acid value, < 0.6%. The AESOs synthesized from the CALB-based ESO and the chemical-based ESO showed a similar number of acrylate groups/molecule while that from the CpLIP2-based ESO showed a very low number of acrylate groups because the carboxylic groups from the epoxidized free fatty acids impeded the acrylation reaction. The lower the number of acrylate groups the lower was the crosslink density, the Tg, and the gel content in the AESO-co-PMMA copolymer.
Full-field strain measurement using a two-dimensional Savitzky-Golay digital differentiator in digital image correlation

Many published research works regarding digital image correlation (DIC) have been focused on the improvements of the accuracy of displacement estimation. However, the original displacement fields calculated at discrete locations using DIC are unavoidably contaminated by noises. If the strain fields are directly computed by differentiating the original displacement fields, the noises will be amplified even at a higher level, and the resulting strain fields are untrustworthy. Based on the principle of local least-square fitting using two-dimensional (2D) polynomials, a 2D Savitzky-Golay (SG) digital differentiator is deduced and used to calculate strain fields from the original displacement fields obtained by DIC. The calculation process can be easily implemented by convolving the SG digital differentiator with the estimated displacement fields. Both homogeneous and inhomogeneous deformation images are employed to verify the proposed technique. The calculated strain fields clearly demonstrate that the proposed technique is simple and effective.
Effect of glycemic status on peripheral nerve conduction in lower limbs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases globally. Diabetic neuropathy is the most common & troublesome complication. But exact pathogenesis is not yet known. Comparatively there are few studies showing relation between glycemic status & diabetic neuropathy. Hence present study was conducted, which was aimed to assess the same in lower limbs in type 2 DM. Methods: 60 type 2 diabetes mellitus male patients were selected from diabetic OPD. 30 were having glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 6%-9% (group B), 30 were having HbA1c > 9% (group C). They were compared with age and sex matched 30 normal healthy controls (group A). Conduction velocity and amplitude of bilateral sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) and peroneal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were recorded. Glycated hemoglobin was measured using ion exchange resin method. Results: Group B and group C had significantly lesser means of conduction velocity and amplitude of sural SNAP (p<0.001) and peroneal CMAP (p<0.05) as compared to group A. Hb A1c had statistically significant negative correlation with conduction velocity and amplitude of sural SNAP (p<0.001) as well as peroneal CMAP (p<0.001). Conclusions: This study shows that diabetic patients with higher blood glucose levels are at increased risk of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy in lower limbs worsens with increasing blood glucose levels. Hence stringent action has to be taken at an early stage to control blood glucose levels. Also, patients should be encouraged for regular follow up and strict glycemic control.
Phase Segregation in CdSe / CdTe Based Solar Cells

Thin film polycrystalline CdTe-based solar cells are promising devices for solar applications due to their low production costs and high theoretical efficiency (~30%). However, the highest thin film CdTe laboratory cell efficiency is 21.5%, and the best CdTe module efficiency is 17.5%, which are well below the theoretical efficiency [1]. CdTe solar cell devices typically utilize a p-type CdTe absorber layer junctioned with a thin (~50-100 nm) n-type CdS window layer (~2.4 eV band gap) [2]. A photoactive CdTexS1-x alloy layer forms at the interface region, which could enhance the photocurrent in the long wavelength regime due to bowing effects [3]. However, S diffusion into CdTe is limited due to the large lattice mismatch between CdS and CdTe, and there is not enough S diffusion to be effective in increasing the photocurrent [4]. On the other hand, Se can easily diffuse into the CdTe layer due to the relatively close lattice constants of CdTe and CdSe. Therefore, CdTe solar cell devices have been fabricated with a CdSe (~1.7 eV band gap) window layer to enhance the short-circuit current (JSC) by increasing the photocurrent for long wavelength photons. To optimize the device, CdTe has been grown on 50, 100, 200, and 400 nm CdSe layers. External quantum efficiency (EQE) data for samples grown with CdSe layers between 50 and 200 nm show improved photocurrent in both the short and long wavelength regimes compared to CdS/CdTe devices, which drastically improves the JSC [4]. However, devices with a CdSe layer greater than 400 nm have a significantly reduced photocurrent for short wavelength photons, reducing the JSC. To better understand the role of the CdSe layer and Se diffusion on device performance, a series of atom probe tomography (APT), SEM-based electron beam induced current (EBIC), and STEM EDS measurements were performed on these devices.
Load carriage: Minimising soldier injuries through physical conditioning - A narrative review

Background: With soldiers carrying increasing loads, physical conditioning may provide one means of reducing injuries and increasing the ability to train, maintain and retain soldiers. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review the current literature on physical conditioning for load carriage and present the findings in a manner that will allow physical conditioning practitioners a means of applying them in a conditioning program. Methods: Using key search terms, a literature search of academic databases (both civilian and military) was conducted, with additional relevant literature sought from military and civilian colleagues. Gathered papers were assessed against several key criteria and limited to those relating specifically to physical conditioning and military load carriage. These papers were reviewed to glean key findings in the light of information from additional sources that were employed to contextualise the findings. Results: The search results yielded seven original research papers, one conference paper and four secondary source papers (military reports, journal articles). Conclusions: Research suggests that, while other forms of conditioning may be of a supplemental benefit, an effective load carriage conditioning program will include specific load carriage training conducted between two and four times per month. Loads must be sufficient to elicit a physiological response proportionate to that recommended for cardiovascular and metabolic fitness development, with the duration and distance gradually progressed to levels that meet training and operational needs. While higher intensity training may be of particular value, excessive training volume may increase the risk of both acute and overuse injury risks.
A series of experiments on humour perception and memorization – a case of humour associations and remembering humorous stories

Four experiments with 48 participants were conducted to study humour perception and memorization. A computerized method (FVW) from Vienna Test System was used (Kessler, Pietrzyk & Puhr, 2003), as well as humour associations, the recall of three funny stories, a short text evoking admiration and respect. The research was focused on what was associated with the word “humour” and on the types of the best remembered stories. The results indicated that the participants remembered better concrete rather than abstract stimuli, as well as meaningful rather than meaningless stimuli. The participants remembered well short verbal stimuli. They associated humour mainly with positive meaning, positive emotions (joy, happiness, amusement, satisfaction). The participants remembered better and non-intentionally the verbal stories heard by them that they estimated as the funniest compared to the stories estimated by them as less funny or the sentences provoking other positive emotions (admiration and respect). The funniest estimated stories were relevant to their personal experience, no matter if they contained puns or not. The estimated least funny story also contained puns, but contradicted some social norms related to the appropriate behaviour at the workplace .
Jokes optimise social norms, laughter synchronises social attitudes: an evolutionary hypothesis on the origins of humour

A prominent humour theory suggests that most jokes will violate a subjective moral principle. This paper explores the ramifications of Thomas Veatch’s social violations theory of humour, and hypothesizes that jokes tend to produce four distinct humour emotions, in a sequential manner. The final emotional response to a humorous stimulus involves an aesthetic judgement about the inference of the joke. Humour could therefore be a cognitive-emotional mechanism used to appraise social norms while laughter serves to signal appreciation for the social inferences associated with the joke. It is further proposed that the cognitive-emotional structure of humour implies an evolutionarily adaptive function .
Copker: A Cryptographic Engine Against Cold-Boot Attacks

Cryptosystems are essential for computer and communication security, e.g., RSA or ECDSA in PGP Email clients and AES in full disk encryption. In practice, the cryptographic keys are loaded and stored in RAM as plain-text, and therefore vulnerable to cold-boot attacks exploiting the remanence effect of RAM chips to directly read memory data. To tackle this problem, we propose Copker, a cryptographic engine that implements asymmetric cryptosystems entirely within the CPU, without storing any plain-text sensitive data in RAM. Copker supports the popular asymmetric cryptosystems (i.e., RSA and ECDSA), and deterministic random bit generators (DRBGs) used in ECDSA signing. In its active mode, Copker stores kilobytes of sensitive data, including the private key, the DRBG seed and intermediate states, only in on-chip CPU caches (and registers). Decryption/signing operations are performed without storing any sensitive information in RAM. In the suspend mode, Copker stores symmetrically-encrypted private keys and DRBG seeds in memory, while employs existing solutions to keep the key-encryption key securely in CPU registers. Hence, Copker releases the system resources in the suspend mode. We implement Copker with the support of multiple private keys. With security analyses and intensive experiments, we demonstrate that Copker provides cryptographic services that are secure against cold-boot attacks and introduce reasonable overhead.
Evaluation of Locomotion Techniques for Room-Scale VR: Joystick, Teleportation, and Redirected Walking

Due to its multimodal nature virtual reality technology imposes new challenges, for example, when it comes to navigating through a virtual environment. Joystick-based controls and teleportation techniques support only limited self-motion experiences, however, other techniques such as redirected walking provide promising solutions to enable near-natural walking, while overcoming limits of the physical space. In this article, we report an experiment that analyzed the effects of the three different locomotion techniques, i. e. , (i) joystick-based, (ii) teleportation, and (iii) redirected walking, on the user's cognitive map building of an indoor virtual environment, as well as effectiveness, motion sickness, presence, and user preferences. Our results suggest that redirected walking performs best regarding the user's ability to unconsciously acquire spatial knowledge about the virtual environment. Redirected walking and teleportation were subjectively preferred over joystick by the participants. Furthermore, we found a significant effect of an increased motion sickness for joystick-based navigation. Hence, redirected walking as well as teleportation are locomotion techniques with different benefits and drawbacks, and should be preferred.