Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of adjunctive oral irrigation in diabetics.

AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the response of diabetics to scaling and root planing treatment and subgingival oral irrigation as adjunctive therapy. METHOD A total of 52 type 1 and 2 diabetics (mean age 51.3+/-14) with adult periodontitis were randomized to two groups. Treatment included ultrasonic scaling and scaling and root planing in both groups (control and test) plus subgingival water irrigation 2x daily for the test group. Assessments were made prior to and at 6 and 12 weeks after treatment. Parameters measured were modified gingival index (MGI), probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Systemic measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-10, and PGE2), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). RESULTS After treatment, analysis of data showed that both groups had clinical and systemic improvement. The test group had a statistically significant reduction for MGI, PI, and BOP compared to controls (p<0.03) at 12 weeks and for ROS generation at 12 weeks (p<0.012). Unlike controls, systemic analysis of cytokines showed a statistically significant reduction from baseline for IL-1beta at 6 weeks and PGE2 at 6 and 12 weeks (p<0.05) within test group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that scaling and root planing and adjunctive therapy may be of value in establishing a healthy periodontium in diabetics.
SPACE FEELING AND ALTERITY Designing Interactive Media for Engaging Cultural Heritage Applications

For several years I have argued that despite the technical relationship of Virtual Reality (VR) technology to the digital reconstruction or recreation of heritage environments, the latter has major conceptual issues that may not be immediately apparent to VR practitioners. Issues that may be conflated include the possible confusing of cultural presence with social presence, ignorance of the dual nature of hermeneutic richness, attempts to recreate a consistency of textured geometric form rather than afford contextually appropriate interaction which augments useful cultural learning, and the utilization of display and interface technology that does not advance the digital environments as experientially bounded worlds or realms. This paper outlines these issues, and some ongoing projects that hope to improve the user experience design of virtual heritage applications in order to increase both engagement and meaningful learning. 1. Virtual Heritage Is Not Virtual Reality There has been an explosion in virtual heritage conferences this century. In the last year alone, there have been calls for digital cultural heritage or virtual heritage by Graphite, VSMM, New Heritage Forum, VRST, VAST, Archäologie & Computer, and DACH, just to name a few. An outside observer may believe that such academic interest, coupled with recent advances in virtual reality (VR), specifically in virtual environment technology and evaluation, would prepare one for designing a successful virtual heritage environment. Game designers may also be led to believe that games using historical characters, events or settings, may be readily adaptable to virtual heritage. This paper will instead suggest contextual issues that question both assumptions. I suggest features that need investigating include the issue of cultural presence, hermeneutic richness, learning through naturally mapped thematic interaction, experientially bound worlds, augmented information, and non-intrusive evaluation.
Programming the Josephus problem

In an interesting paper [1], Augenstein and Tenenbaum use the Josephus Proble m to illustrate the beneficial effects on the efficiency of a program, o f selecting a data structure which is appropriate to the problem being solved . They develop three solutions, based on an array, list and tree structur e respective of apparently increasing efficiency, but leave any assessment o f this superiority to the intuition of the reader . It is not obvious, therefore , just how much better or worse one method is than another . In this paper, w e provide a rather crude comparison of the methods ; and', more importantly , observe that an analytical solution to the Josephus Problem exists [2]--on e which is particularly amenable to computer evaluation . This is not to detrac t in any way from the truth of their contention that the choice of th e appropriate data structures is essential, nor from the value of the Josephu s Problem as an example of that .
An Examination of Women's Alcohol Use and Partner Victimization Experiences Among Women With Protective Orders

This study examined associations of women's alcohol use with self-reported experiences of male-perpetrated intimate partner violence among a sample of women with protective orders. Participants were 676 women with a protective order against a male intimate partner from three rural areas and one urban area. Multivariate analyses indicated that women's substance use was associated with psychological abuse tactics and severity of physical and sexual victimization in the last year of the relationship. Women's alcohol use was associated with the severity of physical violence within the last year of the relationship, whereas illegal drug use had associations with the number of verbal abuse, degradation and jealousy/control tactics. There was a significant interaction of women's alcohol and drug use with the severity of sexual assault.
MECHANISM BY WHICH CYPROHEPTADINE INHIBITS INSULIN SECRETION

1 Isolated islets of Langerhans from the rat have been used in studies designed to elucidate the mechanism by which cyproheptadine inhibits insulin secretion. 2 d‐Glucose and tolbutamide, both of which require extracellular Ca2+ to produce insulin release, failed to evoke a secretory response from islets pretreated with cyproheptadine. Conversely veratridine, the calcium ionophore A23187 and theophylline, all of which are capable of mobilizing sufficient intracellular Ca2+ to evoke insulin secretion in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, produced similar responses from cyproheptadine pretreated and control islets. 3 Cyproheptadine completely inhibited Ca2+ uptake induced by d‐glucose and high K+o, two agents which depolarize the islet β‐cell membrane, whilst Ca2+ uptake elicited by removal of extracellular Na+ (i.e. Na+‐Ca2+ counter transport) was only slightly reduced. 4 A significant increase in Na+ uptake produced by veratridine was sensitive to tetrodoxin but only partially reduced by cyproheptadine. 5 These results suggest that cyproheptadine inhibits depolarization‐dependent calcium entry into pancreatic β‐cells.
Kevin Chen

The goal of this project was to provide an algorithm to produce an optimized VLSI placement of a circuit using a multi-level quadratic placement scheme of our own choice. We were to select and implement a C++ coarsening/uncoarsening scheme as well as a quadratic initial placement and refinement algorithm. A program (Domino) was provided to generate a detailed placement from our global placement. Our objective was to minimize the total wirelength using the half-perimeter bounding box model as well as the total runtime of our placement scheme. For comparison, we were given seven benchmark circuits on which to run our algorithm as well as the results of Gordian and Domino.
Structure of a novel lipid A obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of Caulobacter crescentus

Caulobacter crescentus CB15 is a dimorphic bacterium that is best known as a prokaryotic model for cell development. However, it is also being exploited in biotechnology, where the crystalline surface (S-layer) protein secretion system has been adapted for heterologous protein display or secretion. Because the S-layer attaches to the cell surface via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and since the LPS represents a potential endotoxin contaminant of recombinant proteins, the lipid A component was examined in detail. LPS was acid hydrolyzed to obtain crude lipid A, which was methylated and purified by HPLC. HPLC peak fractions were analyzed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The structure of the major lipid A of C. crescentus comprised the tetrasaccharide backbone α-D-GalpA-(1→4)-β-D-DAG-(1→6)-α-D-DAG-(1→1)-α-D-GalpA substituted with six fatty acids, and a molecular mass of 1875 (GalpA, galactopyranuronic acid; DAG, 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyglucopyranose). No phosphate residues were detected. The major lipid A component had 12:0[3-O[Δ5-12:1(3-OH)]] and 12:0[3-O(Δ5-12:1)] fatty acyl chains at either the 3′- or the 2′ positions of the distal subunit DAG B, and 12:0(3OH) and 12:0[3,6-(OH) 2] fatty acyl chains at 3- and 2- positions of the reducing end subunit DAG A, respectively. In addition, several other variations in the structure were observed. The LPS was evaluated for TNF-α inducing activity and consistent with its unusual lipid A structure (relative to that of enteric bacteria), the activity was reduced by greater than 100-fold as compared to Escherichia coli ReLPS. This and other evidence suggests the potential application of this lipid A as a vaccine adjuvant or the suitability of Caulobacter displaying antigens for formulation of whole cell vaccines.
Letter to the editor: "a return to the venous return controversy: a visual aid for combatants".

to the editor: I have followed with interest the controversy surrounding the determinants of venous return, specifically the latest contribution by Beard and Feigl ([1][1]) published in the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology ([1][1]–[5][2]). Since this debate has
Evidence that glutamate mediates Axon‐to‐Schwann cell signaling in the squid

High‐frequency stimulation (100 Hz) of isolated giant axons of the small squid Alloteuthis subulata and the large squid Loligo forbesi caused the periaxonal Schwann cell resting potential (Em = ‐40 mV) to hyperpolarize up to 11 mV in direct proportion to train duration and action potential amplitude. In both species, the Schwann cell also hyperpolarized up to 17 m V with the application of L‐glutamate (10−9 to 10−6 M), in a dose‐dependent manner. By contrast, in the presence of 10−8 M d‐tubocurarine (d‐TC) to block the cholinergic component of the Schwann cell response, Schwann cells depolarized 8–9 mV during electrical stimulation of the axon or application of L‐glutamate. In the presence of 10−5 M 2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyrate (2‐APB), the hyperpolarization to glutamate and to axon stimulation was blocked, whereas the cholinergic (carbacholinduced) hyperpolarization was unaffected. In experiments with Alloteuthis, L‐aspartate (10−7 M) also caused a Schwann cell hyperpolarization, but this was not blocked by 2‐APB. In tests with glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists, quisqualate (10−5 M) produced a hyperpolarization blocked by 10−4 M L‐glutamic acid diethylester (GDEE), which also blocked the response to axonal stimulation. Kainic acid (10−4 M) also caused a hyperpolarization, but n‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA; 10−4 M), ibotenate (10−5 M), α‐amino‐3 hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐isoxazole proprionate (AMPA; 10−4M), and isethionate (10−5M) had no effect. The results suggest that glutamate is a mediator of communication between the active axon and its surrounding Schwann cells and, by acting on quisqualate/kainate (i.e., non‐NMDA) glutamate receptors, causes depolarization of the Schwann cell membrane. This depolarization in turn appears to activate cholinergic mechanisms in the Schwann cell that result in a secondary, long‐lasting Schwann cell hyperpolarization. The function of the hyperpolarization is presently not well understood, but a contribution to regulation of the [K+] in the periaxonal microenvironment is proposed.
Métricas para la Evaluación de la Complejidad de Bases de Datos Relacionales

LOS DATOS SUPONEN UNA PARTE FUNDAMENTAL DE LOS SISTEMAS DE INFORMACION. CONSEGUIR CONTROLAR LA COMPLEJIDAD APORTADA POR ELLOS RESULTA, POR TANTO, IMPRESCINDIBLE. UNA FORMA DE REALIZAR ESTE CONTROL ES MEDIANTE LA UTILIZACION DE METRICAS ESPECIFICAS PARA BASES DE DATOS, CAMPO ESTE BASTANTE DESCUIDADO DENTRO DE LA INGENIERIA DEL SOFTWARE. PERO NO SOLAMENTE SE TRATA DE PROPONER METRICAS, ESTAS DEBEN SER SOMETIDAS A PROCESOS DE VERIFICACION FORMAL Y DE VALIDACION EMPIRICA CON EL FIN DE PODER PROBAR SUS CARACTERISTICAS Y UTILIDAD. ESTE ARTICULO PROPONE DISTINTAS METRICAS PARA MEDIR LA COMPLEJIDAD DE LAS BASES DE DATOS RELACIONALES, CARACTERIZANDOLAS EN EL MARCO FORMAL DE (ZUSE, 1998).
PI3‐kinase in concert with Src promotes the S‐phase entry of oestradiol‐stimulated MCF‐7 cells

The p85‐associated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3‐kinase/Akt pathway mediates the oestradiol‐induced S‐phase entry and cyclin D1 promoter activity in MCF‐7 cells. Experiments with Src, p85α and Akt dominant‐negative forms indicate that in oestradiol‐treated cells these signalling effectors target the cyclin D1 promoter. Oestradiol acutely increases PI3‐kinase and Akt activities in MCF‐7 cells. In NIH 3T3 cells expressing ERα, a dominant‐negative p85 suppresses hormone stimulation of Akt. The Src inhibitor, PP1, prevents hormone stimulation of Akt and PI3‐kinase activities in MCF‐7 cells. In turn, stimulation of Src activity is abolished in ERα‐expressing NIH 3T3 fibroblasts by co‐transfection of the dominant‐negative p85α and in MCF‐7 cells by the PI3‐kinase inhibitor, LY294002. These findings indicate a novel reciprocal cross‐talk between PI3‐kinase and Src. Hormone stimulation of MCF‐7 cells rapidly triggers association of ERα with Src and p85. In vitro these proteins are assembled in a ternary complex with a stronger association than that of the binary complexes composed by the same partners. The ternary complex probably favours hormone activation of Src‐ and PI3‐kinase‐dependent pathways, which converge on cell cycle progression.
Clinical outcomes after coronary angiography in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

achieved SVR by IFN-based therapy, which was compatible with their report. In contrast, estimated annual incidence of HCC after SVR in patients who achieved SVR by IFN-free therapy was 0.62%-0.85% (Table 1). Annual incidence of HCC after SVR in patients receiving IFNfree therapy may be more than 2-fold higher than that in those achieving SVR by IFN-based therapy. There will be factors other than age and cirrhosis that can influence incidence of HCC after SVR. The backgrounds of patients with SVR by IFN-based and IFNfree therapies will vary among countries. In addition, it is unclear whether eradication of HCV by these two treatment types will have same impact on suppression of HCC development after SVR. Nonetheless, changes in the backgrounds of patients with SVR in the era of IFN-free therapy may change the incidence of HCC after SVR. Incidence of HCC after SVR may increase in the near future with the use of IFN-free therapy in some countries. Conversely, an analysis of changes in the backgrounds of SVR patients can contribute to the estimation of the incidence of HCC after SVR.
A Proposed Algorithm for Ambiguity Reduction with Computational Immune System in HCSI

the advent of meteorological growth and advancement of computer technologies, things are no more as simple as it was earlier. The Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is concerned with the study, planning, design and uses of the interaction between users and the computers. Till now Artificial Immune System (AIS) is not been deployed for problem solving in HCI. This study proposes to develop a holistic approach using Artificial Immune System (AIS) to design an interactive system in Human Computer Speech Interaction (HCSI) that minimize the barrier between the human's cognitive model of what the users want to accomplish and the computer's understanding of the user's task by integrating techniques or applications to enable an individual to use the advanced technologies in more interactive manner. This paper proposes an algorithm to develop a prototype with minimal space complexities and to build an Artificial Immune System (AIS) in Human Computer Speech Interaction (HCSI) for avoiding the ambiguity occurs during the speech recognition by proposing two new algorithms i.e. String and Synonym Matching Algorithm (SSMA) and String Comparing Algorithm for Ambiguity Reduction (SCAAR) in the system thereby providing a supportive system that can meet the need of its deliberate users. General Terms
Cystic Ovarian Disease and Thyroid Hormones in Dairy Cattle

Ovarian cysts reduce reproductive efficiency on almost every dairy farm in the World. Cystic ovarian disease in cows is usually seen in the first two months post calving. Ovarian cysts are characterized as structures greater than 2.5cm in diameter remaining on an ovary for more than 10 days. Cysts are simply filled with fluid enclosed by membranes like grapes. Since ovarian cysts reduce reproductive efficiency as well as milk production, most dairy farms have very large economic losses.
Review of research on home visiting for pregnant women and parents of young children.

In this paper, David Olds and Harriet Kitzman review the results of the experimental literature concerning the effectiveness of home visiting programs in improving the lives of children and families. Their extensive review concentrates on randomized trials, that is, those most methodologically rigorous studies of all in which families are randomly assigned to two groups, typically to receive either (1) home visiting services (the experimental group) or (2) care as usual (the control group). Olds and Kitzman further focus on just those studies in which the effects of home visiting can be teased apart from the effects of other sorts of services (for example, medical care and child care). Thus, their review does not include some of the studies that are mentioned by other authors (for example, Powell and Weiss) in their articles for this journal issue or described in the Appendix (page 205). Nevertheless, the review is very comprehensive. The authors summarize results of 31 home visiting programs that have focused on preventing preterm delivery and low birth weight; improving the outcomes of infants born preterm or low birth weight; or serving low-income families or families at risk for child maltreatment. Tables 2, 3, and 4 depict the results of studies on outcomes including changes in parental behavior, home environment, child development and behavior, child abuse, rates of preterm and low birth weight births, and health care utilization. The authors conclude that home visiting is a promising approach, but all too often the promise has not been clearly demonstrated. Indeed, results suggest that home visiting programs in the past have benefited some families but not others and have improved some outcomes but not others. Olds and Kitzman suggest that these differences in effectiveness may be the result of several characteristics of the home visiting programs, including their comprehensiveness of purpose and goals, level of staffing, frequency of visits, and the populations they are designed to serve. In general, the authors suggest that programs which are comprehensive in focus, have frequent visits, are staffed by well-trained professionals, and serve families that are initially at elevated risk for poor outcomes are more likely to demonstrate success. The authors conclude that carefully designed home visiting programs should continue to receive support.
ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY AND SPECIES DETECTION PROBABILITY PARAMETERS FOR TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS

Recent, worldwide amphibian declines have highlighted a need for more extensive and rigorous monitoring programs to document species occurrence and detect population change. Abundance estimation methods, such as mark–recapture, are often expensive and impractical for large-scale or long-term amphibian monitoring. We apply a new method to estimate proportion of area occupied using detection/nondetection data from a terrestrial salamander system in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Estimated species-specific detection probabilities were all <1 and varied among seven species and four sampling methods. Time (i.e., sampling occasion) and four large-scale habitat characteristics (previous disturbance history, vegetation type, elevation, and stream presence) were important covariates in estimates of both proportion of area occupied and detection probability. All sampling methods were consistent in their ability to identify important covariates for each salamander species. We believe proportion of area occupie.
Annotation of Pronouns in a Multilingual Corpus of Mandarin Chinese , English and Japanese

A qualitative and quantitative approach was used in this stu dy o examine the distribution of pronouns in three language s, English, Mandarin Chinese and Japanese based on the parallel NTU Mult ilingual Corpus (NTU-MC). The pronouns are annotated with a componential analysis that allows them to be easily linked across languages. A single text (The Adventure of the Speckled Band , short story featuring Sherlock Holmes) in three languages is tagged, an not ted and linked in the corpus. The results show that altho ug English has the highest number of pronouns, Mandarin Chinese has the hig st proportion of contentful pronouns in our corpus. Also, English has more translated counterparts in Mandarin Chinese as compar ed to Japanese. We attributed this to the difference in usage of pronouns in the languages. Deprominalisation, surprisingly, was ev en for both corpora. Findings from this study can shed some li ght concerning translation issues on pronoun usage for learners of the lang uages and also contribute to improving machine translation of pronouns.
ocp-memprof: un profileur mémoire pour OCaml

La recuperation automatique de la memoire est une caracteristique commune des langages de programmation. Elle offre certes au programmeur des garanties de fiabilite, mais, en eloignant ce dernier des details de la gestion de la memoire, elle rend plus difficile la comprehension et, a fortiori, la maitrise des allocations de memoire. Dans ce papier, nous presentons les resultats de nos travaux sur l'analyse du comportement memoire des programmes OCaml. Nous presentons une technique basee sur la modification des en-tetes des blocs permettant de recuperer une information de type partielle sur chaque bloc tout en preservant le meme comportement memoire que le programme original. Ces informations de type sont enrichies ulterieurement par une technique de reconstruction de type par unification. Des algorithmes de graphes peuvent ensuite etre appliques dans le but d'obtenir des informations plus fines. Nous presentons egalement quelques cas d'usage montrant comment l'utilisation de ces techniques a permis d'optimiser plusieurs logiciels tel que Alt-Ergo et Ocsigen.
A low-power 1.85 GHz 32-bit carry lookahead adder using Dual Path All-N-Logic

We have developed Dual Path All-N-logic (DPANL) and applied to 32-bit adder design for higher performance. The speed enhancement is mainly due to reduced capacitance at each evaluation node of dynamic circuits. Post-layout simulation results show that this adder can operate at frequencies up to 1.85 GHz for 0.35 /spl mu/m 1P4M CMOS technology and is 32.4% faster than the adder using all-N-transistor (ANT). It also consumes 29.2% less power than the ANT adder. A 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS chip has been fabricated and tested to verify the functionality and performance of the DPANL adder on silicon.