Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A taxonomic revision of Metarhizium based on a phylogenetic analysis of rDNA sequence data

The taxonomy of Metarhizium has been reassessed using sequence data and RAPD patterns from 123 isolates recognised as M. anisopliae, M. flavoviride or M. album. A high level of genetic diversity was found which was best resolved at the species/variety level by sequence data from the ITS and 28S rDNA D3 regions. RAPD patterns correlated closely with the sequence data and revealed a much greater degree of diversity useful for distinguishing strains within a variety. Ten distinct clades were revealed by the cladogram based on the combined sequence data set. Several major evolutionary lines were revealed, but the taxonomic relationships at the base of the tree are poorly resolved. The data support the monopoly of the M. anisopliae group, and recognise four clades within it. Two correspond with M. anisopliae var. anisopliae and M. anisopliae var. majus. The other two are described as new varieties based on their distinctive ITS sequence data: M. anisopliae var. lepidiotum and M. anisopliae var. acridum vars nov. M. album, M. flavoviride var. flavoviride and M. flavoviride var. minus are recognised and redefined according to ITS sequence data. Three clades represent two new varieties, M. flavoviride var. novazealandicum and M. flavoviride var. pemphigum vars nov., based on their distinct ITS sequence data. The third, with two isolates, has not been named pending further data.
The novel coronavirus and its possible treatment by vaccines, therapeutics and drug delivery systems: Current status and future perspectives

In the mid-end of December 2019, several cases of pneumonia outbreak of unknown cause and etiology were identified in Wuhan City of Hubei province in China, a city with a population of over 11 million. Till date(April 2020) around 1,051,635 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) and 56,985 confirmed deaths have been reported according to COVID-19 Situation Report – 75 by WHO. On 7th January 2020, the causative agent was iden-tified and named consequently as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coron-avirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) from throat swab samples. Later, on 12th January 2020, this coro-navirus was named as 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by World Health Organization (WHO) and in 11th February 2020,it has been declared the epidemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 as Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) as it is spreading rapidly from its origin in Wuhan City to the rest of the world. In this context, the current review provides a landscape of the novel Corona Virus including its origin, transmission, epidemiology, drugs and vaccines in clinical trials for better understanding to the reads and peoples the status and future perspectives of this pandemic disease.
Methods and Factors That Affect the Measurement of Egg Shell Quality

Abstract Egg shell breakage accounts for a loss of 7 to 8% of the total eggs laid. Because shell breakage is related to egg shell strength, numerous methods have been developed to measure shell strength in relation to egg breakage. These methods can be divided into those that measure shell strength indirectly and those that measure directly. Egg specific gravity, nondestructive deformation, and beta backscatter are examples of indirect methods and quasi-static compression fracture, impact fracture, and puncture force are examples of direct measurements. A major advantage with indirect methods is that multiple measurements of shell strength may be taken on the same egg and the egg may be subsequently hatched, whereas with the direct methods the shell is fractured during the measurement. Factors known to influence the measurement of shell strength include the temperature of eggs, the length of time between oviposition and measurements, the sequence in which indirect measurements are taken, the compression rate and response time of recording equipment used to measure deformation, compression fracture and puncture force, the configuration and roughness of the surfaces of the measuring equipment that contact the egg shell, the deformation within the measuring equipment, and possibly the moisture content of the shell. Details of these factors should be reported with shell strength data. In general, there is a moderate relationship (r
Evaluation of fatty acid and mineral profiles and bioaccessibility of diosgenin in different types of Peruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp)

The present work aimed to study the bioaccessibility of diosgenin, fatty acid and mineral profile in different types of Peruvian maca ( Lepidium meyenii Walp). Analyzes of minerals, fatty acids, saponins and bioaccessibility of diosgenin were performed. For minerals the values were detected: commercial litter (MC) 490.65mg / 100g of Ca, 1472.65mg / 100g of K, in red litter (MV) 1478.25mg / 100g of K and 670.25mg / 100g of Ca, yellow yellow (MA) 875.65mg / 100g Ca, 1215.25mg / 100g K. The highest concentrations of fatty acids were related to the unsaturated portion. % oleic acid in the red stretcher. Regarding the saponin and diosgenin content, the commercial litter presented the highest contents 250.33mg / 100g for saponins, and 340. 56µg / ml for diosgenin. These results emphasize the importance of the consumption of this nutrient-rich vegetable with effective action on human metabolism (p <0.05).
Multiple Mechanisms of Pyrethroid Resistance in the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.)

Abstract Pyrethroid-resistant German cockroaches known as the Village Green strain were compared to a susceptible (Orlando Normal) strain in respect to possible mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Male adults of the resistant strain weighed 15% more than susceptible roaches of the same cumulative age from adult eclosion. Based on the topical application of different concentrations of permethrin, the KD 50 for resistant roaches was 20-times greater than that for susceptible insects. Reduced penetration of [ 14 C]permethrin was observed in resistant insects during 24 hr after treatment along with increased in vivo metabolism as compared with susceptible controls. The cytochrome P450 content and monooxygenase activity when measured with methoxyresorufin and benzo[ a ]pyrene was elevated in resistant roaches by as much as 6.9-fold but no difference was found with benzphetamine. The glutathione transferase activity was also increased (1.6-fold with chlorodinitrobenzene) and elevated esterase activity was detected with the substrates, 1-naphthyl acetate (1.7-fold) and p -nitrophenyl acetate (2.1-fold). Using isoelectric focusing, a novel E 2 esterase was identified in resistant cockroaches not found in the susceptible population. E 2 may be partly responsible for the increased esterase activity observed in resistant roaches. Increased esterase activity toward p -nitrophenyl acetate was used to develop a kinetic, diagnostic assay that could rapidly discriminate resistant from susceptible individuals.
Research on Ideological and Political Education Reform in Colleges and Universities in the Context of Enhance Morality Foster Talents

the Teaching of Ideological and Political Courses in Colleges and Universities Plays an Important Role in the Cause of Colleges and Universities, and Actively Responds to the State's Implementation of the Educational Concept of “Educating People First and Moral Education First”. the Combination of Learning and Thinking Plays an Irreplaceable and Special Role in the Realization of the Fundamental Task of Higher Education, Namely, the Enhancement of Higher Education. It Emphasizes That Higher Education, While Imparting Knowledge and Cultivating Skills, Should Highlight Students' Subjective Consciousness and Define the Direction of Higher Education Reform and Development and Talent Cultivation in China under the New Situation. Adhere to “Enhance Morality Foster Talents” as the Central Link of Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities, Improve Political Standing, Strengthen Missions, Enrich Education Content, Expand Work Platforms, and Continuously Promote the New Situation of the Development of Ideological and Political Work in China's Universities. Face Problems Such as Poor Educational Results during Development with a Positive Attitude. Guided by the Concept of Enhancement Morality Foster Talents, China's Universities Will Export More Talents with Comprehensive Qualities to Meet the Needs of Society for the Country and Society.
Construction of Team Effectiveness Model Based on Paternalistic Leadership Style and Team Member Interaction

In the era of knowledge economy, the teamwork model has become the mainstream of the times, and the team effectiveness has been increasingly concerned by enterprises. Leadership style and team member interaction are the main factors affecting team effectiveness. Based on the paternalistic leadership style and team members' interactions, this paper constructs a new management model of team effectiveness, and studies two types of paternalistic leadership: benevolent leadership and authoritative leadership, and studies two types of team members' interactions: fact-oriented and emotional orientation. This paper studies their respective mechanisms of influence on team effectiveness, and explored the team effectiveness improvement strategies under different team modes, and the transition paths between different team models, and proposed a new suggestion for improving team effectiveness.
Comparison of Long-Term Organic and Conventional Crop–Livestock Systems on a Previously Nutrient-Depleted Soil in Sweden

An 18-yr field study was performed to compare organic and conventional cropping on a highly P and K depleted soil in southern Sweden that had not received any inorganic fertilizers (or pesticides) since the mid-1940s. The major management differences between the systems were (i) growth of legumes every second year and use of legumes as cover crops in the organic rotation; (ii) application of P in the organic system at higher rates than for the conventional system; (iii) exclusion of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) from the organic system but inclusion of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.); (iv) frequent mechanical weeding in the organic system; and (v) use of solid manure in the organic and liquid manure in the conventional system. Concentrations of soil-exchangeable P increased more after application of large amounts of basic slag and apatite in the organic system than after application of P fertilizers in the conventional system. Organic systems, which rely mainly on legumes for their N supply, will acidify soils faster than systems with fewer legumes in rotation. Crop yields were, on average, 50% less and weed biomass was greater (1-3 Mg dry matter ha -1 ) in the organic system than in the conventional system. Nitrogen was identified as the main yield-limiting nutrient for organically grown crops. Despite this, and even with use of cover crops, N leaching was not reduced by organic farming. Soil carbon (C) concentrations decreased in both systems, but less so in the organic system due to higher C inputs and lower soil pH values. Still, organic farming seems not be an option for sequestering C in soil in Sweden. After adjusting the two systems to the same boundary conditions for an unbiased modeling comparison, the C input is =60% higher in the conventional system than the organic system. The agronomic efficiency of N was 9 to 10 kg grain yield kg -1 N in the organic system compared with 16-18 kg grain yield kg -1 in the conventional system. The long-term use efficiency of P was lower in the organic system (7%) than in the conventional system (36%). These results show that yield and soil fertility are superior in conventional cropping systems under cold-temperate conditions.
Human evolution at the Matuyama‐Brunhes boundary

The cranial morphology of fossil hominids between the end of the Early Pleistocene and the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene provides crucial evidence to understand the distribution in time and space of the genus Homo. This evidence is critical for evaluating the competing models regarding diversity within our genus. The debate focuses on two alternative hypotheses, one basically anagenetic and the other cladogenetic. The first suggests that morphological change is so diffused, slow, and steady that it is meaningless to apply species names to segments of a single lineage. The second is that the morphological variation observed in the fossil record can best be described as a number of distinct species that are not connected in a linear ancestor‐descendant sequence. Today much more fossil evidence is available than was in the past to test these alternative hypotheses, as well as intermediate variants. Special attention must be paid to Africa because this is the most probable continental homeland for both the origin of the genus Homo (around 2.5–2 Ma), 1 as well as the site, two million or so years later, of the emergence of the species H. sapiens. 2 However, the African fossil record is very poorly represented between 1 Ma and 600 ka. Europe furnishes recent discoveries in this time range around the Matuyama‐Brunhes chron boundary (780,000 years ago), a period for which, at present, we have no noteworthy fossil evidence in Africa or the Levant. Two penecontemporaneous sources of European fossil evidence, the Ceprano calvaria (Italy) 3 and the TD6 fossil assemblage of Atapuerca (Spain) 4 are thus of great interest for testing hypotheses about human evolution in the fundamental time span bracketed between the late Early and the Middle Pleistocene. This paper is based on a phenetic approach to cranial variation aimed at reviewing the Early‐to‐Middle Pleistocene trajectories of human evolution. The focus of the paper is on neither the origin nor the end of the story of the genus Homo, but rather its chronological and phylogenetic core. Elucidation of the evolutionary events that happened around 780 ka during the transition from the Early to Middle Pleistocene is one of the new frontiers for human paleontology, and is critical for understanding the processes that ultimately led to the origin of H. sapiens.
Contribuição de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares nativos no estabelecimento de Aristida setifolia Kunth em áreas degradadas do cerrado

Para estudar a dinâmica de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (MA) nativos, em solo de cerrado natural e de tres areas degradadas, foram efetuadas avaliacoes quantitativa e qualitativa desses fungos, nos periodos seco e chuvoso. Nessa avaliacao incluiram-se parcelas experimentais, em uma das areas degradadas, com calcario, turfa natural e torta de mamona. Em casa de vegetacao conduziram-se dois experimentos para avaliar a contribuicao desses fungos no estabelecimento da graminea pioneira Aristida setifolia Kunth. No primeiro, utilizaram-se substratos das quatro areas, esterilizados a vapor e ao natural; no segundo, foram utilizados substratos da area experimental esterilizados, com e sem aplicacao de mistura de tres fungos MA nativos. No campo, a densidade aparente nas areas degradadas foi superior a do cerrado natural, e todas apresentaram alta acidez e baixa fertilidade. Os fungos MA ocorreram em todas as areas; houve maior numero de esporos e especies no periodo chuvoso. Em casa de vegetacao, os fungos MA nativos promoveram aumentos significativos na materia seca da graminea. Nao houve efeitos significativos do calcario e dos insumos orgânicos no crescimento das plantas sem inoculacao dos fungos MA. Entretanto, com a inoculacao, ocorreu acrescimo significativo no crescimento da graminea e diferenciacao e maximizacao nos efeitos desses insumos.
Small Sample Set Inshore Ship Detection From VHR Optical Remote Sensing Images Based on Structured Sparse Representation

Inshore ship detection from very high resolution (VHR) optical remote sensing images has been playing a critical role in various civil and military applications. However, it brings up an important challenge, which is difficult to complete effective and robust feature extraction when valid inshore ship training sample acquired is limited, and the severe imbalance problem exists of positive and negative samples. In order to tackle the abovementioned difficulties, the structured sparse representation model (SSRM) is proposed to achieve inshore ship detection in more effectively and robustly way by circumstances of the small sample set. Here, SSRM has two steps that include inshore ship region proposal (RP) and orientation prediction (OP). Related to the RP process, the error matrix embedded in SSRM not only prevents to build the high-dimension background subdictionary and imbalance problem of positive and negative samples, but also achieves an effective intraclass robustness description of inshore ships and background. For the OP stage, the low-rank constraint of common sharing atoms in SSRM can make inshore ship direction be extracted by their sparse coding. In addition, based on RP and OP guidance, the proposed comprehensive structure voting can achieve an accurate contour detection of inshore ships. Finally, several experimental results employ that Google Earth service, HRSC 2016, and DOTA datasets proved the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that proposed inshore ship detection method can provide approximately 83.7% Recall and 72.3% Precision by using only over 100 positive training samples, which outperforms the state of the art methods.
Impact of Mass–Size Parameterizations of Frozen Hydrometeors on Microphysical Retrievals: Evaluation by Matching Radar to In Situ Observations from GCPEx and OLYMPEx

This article illustrates how multifrequency radar observations can refine the mass–size parameterization of frozen hydrometeors in scattering models and improve the correlation between the radar observations and in situ measurements of microphysical properties of ice and snow. The data presented in this article were collected during the GPM Cold Season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) (2012) and Olympic Mountain Experiment (OLYMPEx) (2015) field campaigns, where the true mass–size relationship was not measured. Starting from size and shape distributions of ice particles measured in situ, scattering models are used to simulate an ensemble of reflectivity factors for various assumed mass–size parameterizations (MSP) of the power-law type. This ensemble is then collocated to airborne and ground-based radar observations, and the MSPs are refined by retaining only those that reproduce the radar observations to a prescribed level of accuracy. A versatile “retrieval dashboard” is built to jointly analyze the optimal MSPs and associated retrievals. The analysis shows that the optimality of an MSP depends on the physical assumptions made in the scattering simulators. This work confirms also the existence of a relationship between parameters of the optimal MSPs. Through the MSP optimization, the retrievals of ice water contentMand mean diameterDmseem robust to the change in meteorological regime (between GCPEx and OLYMPEx); whereas the retrieval of the diameter spreadSmseems more campaign dependent.
Canadians and their forest: Development of the National Forest Strategy

Canada's forest has evolved since the retreat of the last ice age, over a period of about 10 000 years. The forest has been modified by humans over much of this time, beginning with Aboriginal peoples' use of fire. Since the arrival of European colonists in the 16th century, use of the forest has been based on a changing series of policies and practices, leaving 94% of the original forest. Over the past 25 years, extensive public processes have led to a series of national forest strategies, each reflecting the evolving importance that Canadians hold for their forest. Key words: forest history, policy development, national forest strategy, Canada Forest Accord, sustained yield, sustainable forest management.
Nuevas citas y ampliación de la distribución conocida de Ropalóceros en la Comunidad Valenciana y provincia de Teruel

The authors summarize data for 18 species of Rhopalocera to complete knowledge of their distribution and biology in Comunidad Valenciana and Teruel province. These species have been selected for two reasons: 1) Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758), Erebia meolans (de Prunner, 1798), Polyommatus (Meleageria) daphnis (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775), Laeosopis roboris (Esper, 1789), Nordmannia acaciae (Fabricius, 1787) and Plebeius hespericus (Rambur, 1839) are new records for Comunidad Valenciana and 2) Euchloe belemia (Esper, 1800), Pieris mannii (Mayer, 1851), Zegris eupheme (Esper, 1804), Colotis evagore (Klug, 1829), Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus 1758), Erebia epistygne (Hubner, 1819), Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758), Libythea celtis (Laicharting, 1782), Glaucopsyche (Iolana) iolas (Ochsenheimer, 1816), Scolitantides orion (Pallas, 1771), Neozephyrus quercus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Plebeius (Aricia) morronensis Ribbe, 1910, for these species, known distribution is considerably extended and interesting data about their biology are provided.
New Study of the Stability of Fluid Flow in a Porous Channel under Effects of Magnetic Field and Radiation

In this research, we presented a study of the stability of flow systems and heat transfer in horizontal channels under the influence of the vertical magnetic field as well as thermal radiation where we built a mathematical model and put the partial differential equations that control the model and we analyze these equations after transformation into non-dimensional equations into two parts: the first unsteady state equations and second steady state equations, hence analyze the stability on the unsteady state equations. It’s noticed that the increase of Reynolds number Re causes the increase to unstable probability of the system. But the increase of Schmidt number has an effect on the system towards unstable, as well as the increase of grash of number makes the system stable. Finally, the increase of wave number k has a positive effect towards stable.
Pollen ontogeny linked to tapetal cell maturation in Impatiens parviflora (Balsaminaceae)

Abstract Microsporogenesis in Impatiens parviflora was studied with special attention to the mode of exine deposition and tapetum development. Our results are based on light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopic observations of developing anthers of I. parviflora, from the microspore mother cell stage to anther dehiscence. In I. parviflora, the secretory tapetal cell layer is extended into the sporogenous tissue forming protrusions. The tapetal cytoplasm undergoes considerable changes during all stages of microsporogenesis such as fluctuations in volume densities of endoplasmic reticulum and plastids, occasional presence of two nuclei and the occurrence of a single very pronounced lipid droplet, which are indications that the tapetal cells are subject to cycles of different metabolic activity. Microsporogenesis in I. parviflora is simultaneous. Mature pollen is oblate, medium sized, 4-colpate, with a duplicolumellate reticulate sexine ornamentation. Anther dehiscence of I. parviflora involves accumulation of raphides in septal cells and the formation of a network of threads that retains and stabilises the pollen mass. The extreme sensitivity of Impatiens pollen to acetolysis can be explained by the loosely organised, tubular architecture of the intermingled foot layer/endexine.