Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Multiple Anaerobic Co-Digestions and Related Microbial Community of Molasses with Rice-Alcohol Wastewater

Molasses is a highly dense and refined byproduct produced in the sugarcane industry, and it contains high amounts of degradable compounds. Through bioconversion, these compounds can be transformed into renewable products. However, the involved biological process is negatively influenced by the high chemical oxygen demand (COD) of molasses and ion concentration. The co-digestion of molasses with rice-alcohol wastewater (RAW) was compared with its mono-digestion at an increasing organic loading rate (OLR). Both processes were assessed by detecting the COD removal rate, the methane contents of biogas, and the structure and composition of microbial communities at different stages. Results showed that the co-digestion is stable up to a maximum OLR of 16 g COD L−1 d−1, whereas after the acclimatization phase, the mono-digestion process was disturbed two times, which occurred at a maximum OLR of 9 and 10 g COD L−1 d−1. The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) observed were 2059.66 mg/L and 1896.9 mg/L, which in mono-digestion causes the inhibition at maximum OLRs. In the co-digestion process, the concomitant COD removal rates and methane content recorded was 90.72 ± 0.63% 64.47% ± 0.59% correspondingly. While in the mono-digestion process, high COD removal rate and methane contents observed were 89.29 ± 0.094% and 61.37 ± 1.06% respectively. From the analysis of microbial communities, it has been observed that both the bacterial and archaeal communities respond differently at unlike stages. However, in both processes, Propionibacteriaceae was the most abundant family in the bacterial communities, whereas Methanosaetaceae was abundant in the archaeal communities. From the current study, it has been concluded that that rice-alcohol wastewater could be a good co-substrate for the anaerobic digestion of molasses in terms of COD removal rate and methane contents production, that could integrate molasses into progressive biogas production with high OLR.
Encouraging COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Through Effective Health Communication

Context: Overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic will require most Americans to vaccinate against the virus. Unfortunately, previous research suggests that many Americans plan to refuse a vaccine; thereby jeopardizing collective immunity. We investigate the effectiveness of three different health communication frames hypothesized to increase vaccine intention; emphasizing either 1) personal health risks, 2) economic costs, or 3) collective public health consequences of not vaccinating. Methods: In a large (N = 7,064) and demographically representative survey experiment, we randomly assigned respondents to read pro-vaccine communication materials featuring one of the frames listed above. We also randomly varied the message source (ordinary people vs. medical experts) and availability of information designed the “pre-bunk” potential misinformation about expedited clinical trial safety. Findings: We find that messages emphasizing the personal health risks and collective health consequences of not vaccinating significantly increase Americans’ intentions to vaccinate. These effects are similar in magnitude irrespective of message source, and the inclusion of pre-bunking information. Surprisingly, economic cost frames have no discernible effect on vaccine intention. Additionally, despite sharp partisan polarization in public vaccination intentions, we find that these effects are no different for Democrats, Republicans, and Independents alike. Conclusion: Health communicators hoping to encourage vaccination may be effective by appealing to the use personal and collective health risks of not vaccinating.
POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE

Wildﬁre events are increasingly threatening our lands, cities, and lives. To contrast this phenomenon and to limit its damages, governments around the globe are trying to ﬁnd proper counter-measures, identifying prevention and monitoring as two key factors to reduce wildﬁres impact worldwide. In this work, we propose two deep convolutional neural networks to automatically detect and delineate burned areas from satellite acquisitions, assessing their performances at scale using validated maps of burned areas of historical wildﬁres. We demonstrate that the proposed networks substantially improve the burned area delineation accuracy over conventional methods.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES AND SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF SENNA ALATA, RICINUS COMMUNIS LEAVES AND LANNEA BARTERI STEM BARK EXTRACTS AND THEIR FORMULATION ON PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGUS

ii ACKNOWLEGEDMENT . iii DEDICATION . iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vii LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF FIGURES . xvi CHAPTER ONE . 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Problem Statement and Justification . 2 1.3 Aim . 5 1.4 Objectives . 5 1.5 Significance of the Study . 6 CHAPTER TWO . 7 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 2.1 Medicinal Plants. 7 2.2 Uses of Medicinal Plants . 9 2.3 Ricinus Communis . 10 2.3. 1 Description of Ricinus communis . 10 2.3. 2 Medicinal properties of Ricinus communis . 12 www.udsspace. uds.edu. gh
Large-Area Substrate Bonding With Single-Printing Silver Paste Sintering for Power Modules

Sintered silver with high thermal conductivity and reliability has been considered as a promising substrate bonding solution in power modules. The traditional double printing process is complex, and the second layer of silver paste is too thin to ensure complete wetting. We greatly simplified the sample preparation process by single printing and optimized the sintering process by means of open-face contact drying technology and staged heating method. In this article, the effect of predrying steps and heating rate on the quality of sintered silver joint on large area silver-plated DBC substrate and its mechanism are discussed. The microstructure shows that the samples sintered by the optimized sintering process have no obvious defects, and the sintered silver layer is dense and uniform. In order to evaluate the bonding quality of the whole joint, the sample was cut into 16 small pieces by metallographic cutter, the average shear strength was 55.65 MPa, and the strength distribution between the center and the edge of the sample was uniform. The samples sintered by an optimized sintering process show cohesive failure mode and typical ductile fracture morphology. The energy dispersive spectrum analysis shows that the composition distribution of the sintered silver layer in the center and edge of the sample was relatively uniform, which is consistent with the distribution of shear strength. The scanning electron microscopy image of cross section demonstrated that the porosity of the adhesive layer is 3.08%, which is far lower than that of the traditional double printing process, with good interface bonding and no delamination.
How Can Randomized Routing Protocols Hide Flow Information in Wireless Networks?

Preventing the source-destination network flow information from being disclosed is pivotal for anonymous wireless network applications. However, the advance of network inference, which is able to obtain the flow information without directly measuring it, poses severe challenges towards this goal. Randomized routing is capable of hiding the flow information by injecting substantial errors to the network inference process. In this paper, we systematically study the behavior of randomized routing protocols, and categorize them into three templates, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-random-relay, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-random-neighbor and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-random-path based on their routing behaviors. We propose technical models to characterize these templates in terms of their induced inference errors and their delay costs. We also use simulations to validate the theoretical results. Our work provides the first systematic study on understanding both the benefit and the cost of using randomized routing to hide the flow information in wireless networks.
Ultrasonic bouts of a blind climbing rodent (Typhlomys chapensis): acoustic analysis

ABSTRACT The peculiar acoustic structure of ultrasonic bouts of blind climbing rodents Typhlomys might provide insight on their potential function. We examined 1481 bouts consisting of 1-6 pulses; 49.7% of them were single-pulse bouts. Bout duration and inter-bout interval depended on the number of pulses per bout, whereas period from start of a previous bout to start of the next bout was constant (80.0±2.9 ms). Ultrasonic pulses (540 pulses measured in a subset of 234 bouts) were short (0.68±0.15 ms) sweeps with fundamental frequency slopes from 127.3±6.3 kHz to 64.1±4.6 kHz and peak frequency at 93.3±7.4 kHz, emitted within bouts with inter-pulse periods of 13.03±3.01 ms. Single pulses and start pulses of multi-pulse bouts were lower in frequency than other pulses of the bouts. In contrast, pulse duration was independent on pulse position within bout. Pulses of Typhlomys were reminiscent of echolocation calls of Murina and Myotis bats, but higher in frequency, much shorter, fainter, displayed a convex contour of frequency modulation and only the fundamental frequency band without harmonics and were organized in bouts, that is not characteristic for bat echolocation. Most probably, Typhlomys uses their ultrasonic pulses for call-based orientation during locomotion, including climbing and jumping among bush branches.
Registro de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) presentes en apiarios de Apis mellifera de los Valles Templados de la provincia de Jujuy-Argentina

La presente investigacion se realizo con el proposito de determinar la presencia de diferentes especies de hormigas en colmenas de Apis mellifera L. , y describir la actividad observada mediante el relevamiento de apiarios ubicados en diversas localidades de Valles templados de la provincia de Jujuy. Se colectaron manualmente entre 10-20 individuos aproximadamente de diferentes especies de hormigas en estado adulto e inmaduro presentes en techos y entretapas de colmenas de abejas meliferas, como tambien de hormigueros ubicados en cercanias. Se conservaron en alcohol al 70%. La colecta se realizo en epoca seca y epoca humeda. La identificacion taxonomica se realizo mediante claves establecidas. Las hormigas identificadas fueron Camponotus substitutus, Camponotus mus, Acromyrmex hispidus, Linepithema humile, Crematogaster spp. (Subgenero Orthocrema) y Solenopsis spp. Cinco de estas especies no mostraron ser perjudiciales para las abejas, mientras que en colmenas moribundas por falta de alimento o reinas viejas se observo la intrusion de Solenopsis sp. Se puede concluir que las especies de hormigas identificadas no generaron danos economicos a los apicultores de estas colmenas. El presente trabajo podria ser el punto de partida para estudios relativos al manejo y control de hormigas presentes en colmenas de Apis mellifera L. Se debe continuar con el registro y estudio de estos himenopteros en otras areas apicolas.
Comparative study on allergenic properties of high-oleic and conventional peanuts.

Peanuts are one of the most allergenic foods, and peanut proteins are known to cause the allergic reactions. High oleic peanuts have been associated with the greatly enhanced shelf-life, decreased rancidity of roasted peanuts, a preventive effect against hyperlipidemia, and suppressed lung tumorigenesis induced chemically in mice. In this study, 33 raw peanuts of different varieties purchased from various parts of the world were evaluated and compared with two high-oleic peanuts (SunOleic, Florunner 458) in allergenicity. Identification of peanut allergens from defatted extracts was accomplished by means of sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and by using Western immuno-blotting with sera from peanut-allergic patients. The content of oleic acid was also determined and compared to other fatty acids by using gas chromatography (GC) in order to indicate peanut oil quality. SDS-PAGE revealed that the major peanut allergens known as Ara h 1 (64 kDa), Ara h 2 doublet (17 and 19 kDa), and Ara h 3 fragment (14 kDa) were displayed in all protein extracts. In contrast, only low-oleic peanut (LO) varieties contained the protein band at 36 kDa (Ara h 3/Ara h 4) that did not appear in high-oleic and several normal oleic (NO) varieties. The sensitivity to a 14 kDa protein was found to be higher in one patient than another by using immunoblotting. A substantially increased threshold of sensitivity to high oleic peanuts at least 5 times higher than to other peanuts was confirmed by an oral food challenge test, and thus could provide decreased allergenic sensitization.
Study of the rate of generation of waste from construction in new works in the city of Ribeirao Preto-SP

Abstract: In the construction industry, many waste products are produced most part of the time, because they do not have a correct end, end up causing strong impacts on the environment. To this end, CONAMA Resolution No. 307/2002 and its amendments thereafter determine the guidelines for the management of civil construction waste appropriately. In this context, this article aims, through a quantitative study, to identify the situation of civil construction waste, called here as RCD, in the city of Ribeirao Preto, determining the amount of waste generated through two parameters; licensed areas and volume disposed of at authorized locations, from a generation rate of 183.28 kg/m2, generating 1,112.35 t/day and 561.98 t/day respectively. The work sought to relate the values and obtained a per person generation of 1.24 kg/inhab × day. Thus, the article identified and measured the generation of construction waste in the city of Ribeirao Preto-SP, providing subsidies and information for comparisons with existing bibliography.
Ferroelectric critical size of SnTe nanoribbon and its mechanical strain engineering

We investigate the critical size of ferroelectricity in monolayer tin telluride (SnTe) nanoribbon by using ab initio (first-principles) density functional theory calculations. The edge of SnTe nanoribbon tends to suppress the ferroelectricity and the edge effect ranges within the 4 unit cells (~1.8 nm) from the edge. In nanoribbons, ferroelectric polarizations decrease monotonically with decreasing nanoribbon width. Ferroelectricity finally disappears in nanoribbons with 4 unit-cell width or less. This signifies that the ferroelectric critical size of SnTe nanoribbon is 4 unit cells (1.8 nm) due to the edge effect. However, the ferroelectricity of nanoribbon below the critical width is restored under uniaxial tensile strain along the [100] direction. Thus, the critical width of ferroelectric disappearance can be eliminated by tensile strain. Our results indicate that the lattice width ferroelectric material can be mechanically realized by tensile strain.
Cryopreservation of Preantral Follicles

In mammals, the total number of female germ cells is already established by the time of birth, meaning that no mitosis will take place in oogonias thereafter. Their cryostorage, therefore, depends on ovarian tissue manipulation. As an alternative to mature oocyte cryopreservation, the maintenance of inactive preantral follicles is a remarkable option because (i) their availability in the ovary is greater; (ii) as inactive and small structures, they show less sensitivity to cryoinjury and the toxic effects of cryoprotectants; and (iii) they are present in the gonads at all ages, allowing their retrieval from prepubertal indi- viduals or even immediately postmortem. Nevertheless, some difficulties remain regard ing their in vitro activation and development to the ovulatory stage. For this reason, the best option for their total development is transplantation back to the donor or between species, promoting follicle activation and development. This technique has proved its efficiency and led to several live births in both animals and humans. Since each species has its own particularities in terms of ovarian tissue composition, a number of protocols have been documented, which may be used for either isolated or in situ preantral follicles. frozen-thawed ovarian high reproductive perfor-mance and the need to restrictive
Sumbawa Mare Milk as a Preventive against Inflammation in the Gaster of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Animal Model

| Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is one of the chronic inflammatory diseases that occur in the digestive tract and often attacks older animals. Prolonged inflammation may cause digestive organ damage which is characterized by an increase in proinflammatory cytokines. This study was conducted to determine the preventive effect of Sumbawa mare milk on TNF-α level and the number of inflammatory cells in the gastric organs of IBD induced by indomethacin model animal. 20 rats were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely the negative control group (K-), the positive control group (K +) and the preventive group of Sumbawa mare milk with a volume of 0.5 mL / rat (T1), 1 mL / rat (T2) , and 1.5 mL / rat (T3) for 21 days. Groups K +, T1, T2, T3 were induced with indomethacin single dose (dose: 15 mg / kgBW) to make IBD model animal. The parameters observed in this study were TNF-α expression using the Flowcytometry method and the number of inflammatory cells counted in 5 gaster histopathic field of view. Data analysis of the study results was carried out using one way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) method with a 95% confidence level (p <0.05) and continued with Tukey test. The results showed a decrease in Inflammatory cell numbers in gastric organs in all groups of preventive groups (T1, T2, T3) compared to the positive control group. The T3 group was not significantly different from the Kgroup. This is in line with the decrease in TNF-α level in all preventive groups (T1, T2, T3) which are significantly different from the K + group but not different from the Kgroup. Conclusions of this study indicate the administration of Sumbawa mare milk in animal models can prevent changes in gastric histopathology, reduce inflammation cells infiltration and reduce TNF-α expression The best volume of administration in this study was 1.5 ml / rat per day.
Understanding deformation patterns of rocks and characterizing their relationship to subduction interface processes and rheology at different depths (10-60 km)

Subduction zones are naturally complex systems, with much of their deformation being accommodated along the interface between two tectonic plates. Hence, the physical nature and the rheology of the subduction interface play an important role in the deformation, degree of locking, and slip processes during convergence, as well as large scale subduction dynamics. Over the last two decades, different slip patterns have been recognized by geodetic and seismic techniques, such as slow slip events and episodic tremor and slip, the physics behind which still evade us. Since direct observations along an active subduction interface are not feasible, field examples of exhumed zones can provide important insight into the nature of such transient events. Concurrently, most field outcrops suggest that the subduction interface is rather heterogeneous, comprising different units that deform following various patterns. However, these units are often too small to be resolved in a large-scale geodynamic model and are, therefore, not taken into account in such models. Outcrop-scale numerical experiments can be combined with natural structural observations from outcrops in order to refine the rheologies used in large geodynamic models. Here, methods ranging from field, petrological and geochronological observations on exhumed rocks to outcrop-scale numerical simulations are deployed, in order to investigate the rheology of the plate interface, the deformation mechanisms and the timing of deformation. The European Alps are a great natural laboratory exposing an almost continuous subduction interface allowing for the study of deformation processes from shallow to deeper segments (from ca. 10 km to ca. 45 km depth). Here, a network of fossil subduction plate interfaces preserved in the Central Alps (Val Malenco, N Italy) is used as a proxy to study such processes on subducting continental slices (the Margna and Sella nappes), at depths corresponding to the former brittle-ductile transition. This network of shear zones comprises mostly mylonites and schists but also rare foliated cataclasites, with different generations of micas and garnet locally overgrowing resorbed pre-Alpine cores. Thermodynamic modelling points to peak burial deformation conditions of ∼0.9 GPa and 350◦-400◦C, at ca. 30 km depth. Rb/Sr geochronology on marbles yields an age of 48.9 ± 0.9 Ma, while a wide range of both Rb/Sr and Ar/Ar apparent ages is obtained from deformed orthogneisses and micaschists embracing 87-44 Ma, due to incomplete recrystallization. Based on pressure-temperature, structural and geochronological observations, the studied shear zones last equilibrated at depths downdip of the seismogenic zone in an active subduction zone setting. Fluids contribute to the bulk rheology of this interface by enhancing pressure-solution creep which prevails in the microstructural record. This
ESTIMATIVAS DE ÁREAS DE PLANTIO DE SEMENTES BASEADAS EM PREVISÃO DE
DEMANDA E ANÁLISE DE FATORES CLIMÁTICOS

Este artigo reporta a integração de métodos quantitativos de previsão de demanda, cálculo de capacidade produtiva e agrupamento de fatores climáticos para a estimação de áreas de plantio para produção de sementes. A sistemática visa reduzir os constantes desequilíbrios existentes entre as quantidades produzidas e a real demanda do produto, levando em consideração fatores de difícil controle, como previsões metereológicas. Diana Teixeira Werner
Tolerance of low salinity by larvae in six terrestrial hermit crab species (Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae)

̶ Salinity is an important ecological factor affecting larval survival and development of coastal and estuarine decapod crustaceans. We investigated the low salinity tolerance limits of larvae in the six terrestrial hermit crab species, the coconut crab Birgus latro, and the land hermit crabs Coenobita brevimanus, C. cavipes, C. purpureus, C. rugosus, and C. violascens to infer their early life history strategies. Zoeae and megalopae were exposed to six different salinity levels ranging from 5–30 ppt with intervals of 5 ppt for 24 h, and the median lethal salinity (MLS) was estimated as the salinity at which 50% of test larvae died. The MLS estimates were lowest in the first zoeae, increased during the zoeal stage, and declined in the megalopal stage in all species. Early zoeae and megalopae were euryhaline and later zoeae stenohaline, suggesting that coenobitids exhibit a larval export strategy towards the offshore (oceanic) marine waters. Interspecific variation was evident in the salinity tolerance of the first zoeae, probably reflecting the salinity conditions at the species-specific larval hatching place. In contrast, the low salinity tolerance ability of megalopae did not differ among species, suggesting that coenobitid megalopae might require similar habitats for the settlement and initiation of benthic life.