Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circulating tumor DNA: an important tool in precision medicine for lymphoma

ABSTRACT Introduction: The presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was demonstrated years ago in solid tumors and represents a promising technology for the non-invasive management of cancers. In the case of Hodgkin’s lymphomas (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL), idiotype specific tumor markers are too cumbersome for general use, but recent studies have demonstrated the presence of ctDNA easily extractable from plasma, making it possible to reveal molecular profiles similar to the primary tumor. Areas covered: In this review, the authors present the concept of liquid biopsy, the latest in technological advances enabling the simple, rapid and reproducible analysis of ctDNA in patients with lymphomas. The authors summarize the results that have demonstrated the clinical pertinence of this tool in establishing diagnostic and prognostic stratification and allowing minimal residual disease (MRD) follow-up in patients with HL and NHL, with a special focus on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Expert commentary: ctDNA analysis as the main tool to quantify somatic mutations, represents a major technological leap in the non-invasive management of lymphomas. At the dawn of the era of personalized medicine, this technology enables follow-up and treatment adaptation in real time, as well as early detection of refractory or relapsed diseases and resistance to therapeutics.
Critical transitions in malaria transmission models are consistently generated by superinfection

The history of infectious disease modelling essentially begins with the papers by Ross on malaria [1–5]. These models assume that the dynamics of malaria can most simply be characterized by two equations that describe the prevalence of malaria in the human and mosquito hosts. This structure has formed the central core of models for malaria and most other vector-borne diseases for the last century with occasional additions acknowledging important aetiological details. We partially add to this tradition by describing a malaria model that provides for vital dynamics in the vector and the possibility of super-infection in the human host; reinfection of asymptomatic hosts before they have cleared a prior infection. These key features of malaria aetiology create the potential for break points in the prevalence of infected hosts, sudden transitions that seem to characterize malaria’s response to control in different locations. We show that this potential for critical transitions is a general and underappreciated feature of any model for vector borne diseases with incomplete immunity and asymptomatic patients, including the canonical Ross-McDonald model. Ignoring these details of the host’s immune response to infection can potentially lead to serious misunderstanding in the interpretation of malaria distribution patterns and the design of control schemes for other vector-borne diseases.
Reviewing the oral carcinogenic process: key genetic events, growth factors and molecular signaling pathways

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN) represents the sixth most common cancer and may involve the oral cavity (OSCC) as well as the larynx and pharynx, resulting in high mortality (5year survival rate is approximately 50%) despite molecular and therapeutical advances (Parkin et al., 2005). Although genetic predisposition, tobacco, alcohol, betel nuts use and Human Papilloma Viruses (HPV) infection are well recognized risk factors, the lack of established markers for early detection of OSCC in precancerous dysplastic lesions and the limited response to chemotherapy does not allow improvement of overall prognosis (Bagan & Scully, 2008). In fact, the mapping of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the malignant progression of OSCC is incomplete (Kim & Califano, 2004) and the exact turning point for the oral epithelium remains to be clarified. Current data support the hypothesis that neoplastic cells derive from the clonal expansion of a single (somatic epithelial) stem cell or de-differentiated epithelial tumorigenous cells with newly acquired self-renewal capacity (Lobo et al., 2007). The accumulated genetic and epigenetic alterations (i.e. decreased function or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, activation of oncogenes, modifications of intracellular molecular pathways) and the abnormal influence of growth factors in the cell cycle cause dysregulation and switching towards a neoplastic cell phe— REVIEW ARTICLE —
Transitions of spatial planning in Ireland: moving from a localised to a strategic national and regional approach

ABSTRACT Major policy or paradigm shifts to more sustainable development paths present political, economic and social challenges. In Ireland, the experiences of other European states have been used to shift what was a localised development-led planning system towards the incorporation of national and strategic approaches. The transition is from a land-use planning approach with a market-led emphasis based on a local plan making function with regulatory controls. This paper explores the process, factors and inherent difficulties involved in moving from a localized to more integrated and strategic approaches and examines experiences to date.
Effect of tillage on cotton aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae), pathogenic fungi, and predators in south central Georgia cotton fields

Two species of fungi, Neozygites fresenii Nowakowski (Batko) and Pandora neoaphidis Remaudiere and Hennebert (Humber), pathogens of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, were studied in 12 south central Georgia cotton fields under conservation or conventional tillage in 2003 and 2004. Aphids and ants on cotton plants were enumerated in both years, and aphid predators (coccinellids, lacewings, and spiders) were counted in 2004. Plant sampling began the first week of June and continued for 16 wks in 2003 and for 14 wks in 2004. Numbers of aphids on cotton plants increased until the first week of July and declined thereafter. More aphids were present on plants in 2004 than in 2003 for the first 9 wks of sampling, but did not differ thereafter. More aphids were present on plants under conservation tillage than under conventional tillage only between weeks 3-8. Pandora neoaphidis was detected in aphids in mid-March by monitoring with pan traps on field margins. Neozygites fresenii, in contrast, was not observed until 18 June 2003 and 16 June 2004, and peaked simultaneously with the aphid population and then declined. The incidence of P. neoaphidis was less than that of N. fresenii, but peaked simultaneously with it in the first week of July. Ants, primarily the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, occurred in larger numbers in fields under conservation tillage than under conventional tillage, apparently because of greater disruption of soil and weed habitat under conventional tillage. In both tillage types, coccinellids peaked early in the season and lacewings late in the season, with larger numbers of coccinellids present in fields under conservation tillage. Although there was a sharp peak in lacewing numbers late in the season under conservation tillage, overall lacewing numbers were not different under the 2 types of management. Spider numbers increased gradually throughout the growing season, with only slightly higher numbers present under conservation tillage. The effects of different tillage methods were more evident on the aphids and their predators than on the fungal pathogens.
Effect of Prehospital Crushed Prasugrel Tablets in Patients With ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Planned for Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The Randomized COMPARE CRUSH Trial.

BACKGROUND Early treatment with a potent oral platelet P2Y12 inhibitor is recommended in patients presenting with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction scheduled to undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). The impact on coronary reperfusion of crushed P2Y12 inhibitor tablets, which lead to more prompt and potent platelet inhibition, is unknown. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled, multicenter trial in the Netherlands, enrolling patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction scheduled to undergo pPCI. Patients were randomly allocated to receive in the ambulance, before transfer, a 60-mg loading dose of prasugrel either as crushed or integral tablets. The independent primary end points were thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 3 flow in the infarct-related artery at initial coronary angiography, and complete (≥70%) ST-segment resolution 1 hour after pPCI. The safety end points were TIMI major and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥3 bleedings. Secondary end points included platelet reactivity and ischemic outcomes. RESULTS A total of 727 patients were assigned to either crushed or integral tablets of prasugrel loading dose. The median time from study treatment to wire-crossing during pPCI was 57 (47-70) minutes. The primary end point TIMI 3 flow in the infarct-related artery before pPCI occurred in 31.0% in the crushed group versus 32.7% in the integral group (odds ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.65-1.30], P=0.64). Complete ST-segment resolution 1 hour after pPCI was present in 59.9% in the crushed group versus 57.3% in the integral group (odds ratio, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.78-1.58], P=0.55). Platelet reactivity at the beginning of pPCI, measured as P2Y12 reactivity unit, differed significantly between groups (crushed, 192 [132-245] versus integral, 227 [184-254], P≤0.01). TIMI major and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥3 bleeding occurred in 0% in the crushed group versus 0.8% in the integral group, and in 0.3% in the crushed group versus 1.1% in the integral group, respectively. There were no differences observed between groups regarding ischemic events at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS Prehospital administration of crushed prasugrel tablets does not improve TIMI 3 flow in the infarct-related artery before pPCI or complete ST-segment resolution 1 h after pPCI in patients presenting with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction scheduled for pPCI. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov; Unique identifier: NCT03296540.
A comparative study of wind damage to the leaves of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplantanus L.).

Wind damage to the leaves of Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and Sycamore (Acer pseudoplantanus L.) was assessed on 15 trees of each species growing together at the same site, about 5 km from the coast in Co. Londonderry, at the end of the growing season in September, 1986. 99.2% of all leaves of Sycamore and 88.8% of all leaves of Ash showed some degree of wind damage. The mean area of damage for all the sycamore leaves was 2-41% whilst that for Ash was significantly lower at 1.38%. The damage to Sycamore leaves consisted of a combination of discoloured areas, lesions, tears and actual loss of lamina area whilst damage to the Ash leaves was largely confined to the leaflet tips which were either dead or missing. It is suggested that in the case of Ash the damage was the result of excessive drying-out of the leaflet tips whilst for Sycamore the damage seemed to be the result of abrasion with adjacent leaves and twigs. Regression analysis established that there was a positive relationship between percentage damage and leaf area in Sycamore but the relationship for Ash was not significant.
Capturing Marketing Information to Fuel Growth

Marketing is the functional area primarily responsible for driving the organic growth of a firm. In the age of digital marketing and big data, marketers are inundated with increasingly rich data from an ever-expanding array of sources. Such data may help marketers generate insights about customers and competitors. One fundamental question remains: How can marketers wrestle massive flows of existing and nascent data resources into coherent, effective growth strategies? Against such a backdrop, the Marketing Science Institute has made “capturing information to fuel growth” a top research priority. The authors begin by discussing the streetlight effect—an overreliance on readily available data due to ease of measurement and application—as contributing to the disconnect between marketing data growth and firm growth. They then use the customer equity framework to structure the discussion of six areas where they see substantial undertapped opportunities: incorporating social network and biometric data in customer acquisition, trend and competitive interaction data in customer development, and unstructured and causal data in customer retention. The authors highlight challenges that obstruct firms from realizing such data-driven growth opportunities and how future research may help overcome those challenges.
First report of the mitochondrial DNA sequences of Chukchi Charr (Salvelinus andriashevi, Salmonidae)

Abstract Three mitochondrial DNA regions were sequenced in two individuals of the Chukchi charr Salvelinus andriashevi from Lake Istihed (Chukotka): the entire gene sequences of cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase-1, and control region. The low level of sequence divergence detected between the sequences suggests that S. andriashevi is probably an isolated population of the Taranetz charr S. taranetzi. The genealogy of mtDNA haplotypes confirms the phylogenetic closeness of S. andriashevi, S. taranetzi, Salvelinus sp. 4 (Lake Nachikinskoe), S. krogiusae (Lake Dal’nee), S. boganidae and S. elgyticus (Lake Elgygytgyn), and S. a. erythrinus (NWT).
IoT Based Smart Parking System Using Deep Long Short Memory Network

Traffic congestion is one of the most notable urban transport problems, as it causes high energy consumption and air pollution. Unavailability of free parking spaces is one of the major reasons for traffic jams. Congestion and parking are interrelated because searching for a free parking spot creates additional delays and increase local circulation. In the center of large cities, 10% of the traffic circulation is due to cruising, as drivers nearly spend 20 min searching for free parking space. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a parking space availability prediction system that can inform the drivers in advance about the location-wise, day-wise, and hour-wise occupancy of parking lots. In this paper, we proposed a framework based on a deep long short term memory network to predict the availability of parking space with the integration of Internet of Things (IoT), cloud technology, and sensor networks. We use the Birmingham parking sensors dataset to evaluate the performance of deep long short term memory networks. Three types of experiments are performed to predict the availability of free parking space which is based on location, days of a week, and working hours of a day. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art prediction models.
New Approaches to Irrigation Scheduling of Vegetables

Using evapotranspiration (ET) data for scheduling irrigations on vegetable farms is challenging due to imprecise crop coefficients, time consuming computations, and the need to simultaneously manage many fields. Meanwhile, the adoption of soil moisture monitoring in vegetables has historically been limited by sensor accuracy and cost, as well as labor required for installation, removal, and collection of readings. With recent improvements in sensor technology, public weather-station networks, satellite and aerial imaging, wireless communications, and cloud computing, many of the difficulties in using ET data and soil moisture sensors for irrigation scheduling of vegetables can now be addressed. Web and smartphone applications have been developed that automate many of the calculations involved in ET-based irrigation scheduling. Soil moisture sensor data can be collected through wireless networks and accessed using web browser or smartphone apps. Energy balance methods of crop ET estimation, such as eddy covariance and Bowen ratio, provide research options for further developing and evaluating crop coefficient guidelines of vegetables, while recent advancements in surface renewal instrumentation have led to a relatively low-cost tool for monitoring crop water requirement in commercial farms. Remote sensing of crops using satellite, manned aircraft, and UAV platforms may also provide useful tools for vegetable growers to evaluate crop development, plant stress, water consumption, and irrigation system performance.
A basis for flow modelling

Abstract Reduced-order models are often sought to efficiently represent key dynamical phenomena present among the broad range of temporal and spatial scales associated with unsteady and turbulent flow problems. Linear ‘input–output’ approaches and resolvent analyses reveal that important information about the most dangerous (most amplified) disturbances and the corresponding fluctuation response can be found with knowledge only of the base flow, or the turbulent mean field. In the work by Padovan et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 900, 2020, A14), an important advance is made with regards to flows which have a periodically time-varying base flow, for example during unsteady vortex shedding from a body. By forming a harmonic resolvent relative to this base flow, limitations associated with the traditional linear resolvent are overcome to determine efficient bases for modelling of limit cycle flows and reveal novel information about key triadic (resonant) interactions.
Developing a Rural Tourism Destination Brand Framework from the Perspective of a Relationship-Based Approach

The aim of this paper is to develop a destination brand framework for rural tourism destination. Bario a rural community in Sarawak (Borneo) in Malaysia was chosen as a study context. The choice of Bario over other pre-selected rural destinations is because of its unique remote destination. The primary data collection method for this paper was the in-depth interview with 48 participants; this was supplemented by participant observation and documentary evidence. From the perspective of relationship-based approach adopted in this paper, the findings out-line three components for a theoretical construction of rural tourism destination brand framework that comprise tourism destination appeals, branding strategies, and stakeholders ’ roles. Findings also indicate that the development of rural tourism destination brand should be from the bottom-up, where community-driven strategies can be most effectively delegated to the local leadership system and community ’ s association. Implications for practice and host community well-being are discussed in detail.
A Hospital Based Study of Association of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria with Autologous Serum Skin Test

Introduction: Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU), is spontaneous occurrence of wheals for more than 6 weeks. CSU patients with autoreactivity as indicated by positive Autologous Serum Skin Test (ASST) have severe disease requiring higher doses of antihistamines and even immunomodulatory agents. Objective: The objective of this study was to observe the association between CSU and ASST. Materials and Methods: Over a period of one year, 104 CSU patients were enrolled in the study. Autologous serum skin test was done using 0.05 ml of patient’s serum, with 0.05 ml of histamine as positive control and normal saline as negative control. Prevalence of positive ASST in CSU patients was determined. Clinical and demographic characteristics were compared in both ASST positive and negative patients. Results: The ASST was positive in 68 patients (65.4%). Mean age ± SD of the patients in ASST positive group was 33.78 ± 14.38 years versus 35.64 ± 14.47 years in ASST negative group (p=0.533). Male: Female ratio in ASST group was 1:2.7 versus 1:1.1 in ASST negative group (p=0.033). Patients with positive ASST had significantly longer duration of wheals (p=0.002), generalized distribution (p=0.020) and high rmean urticaria activity score, 4.66 versus 3.28 in ASST negative patients, p<0.001. Angioedema was more common in ASST positive patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion: ASST was significantly positive in CSU patients and more common in females. ASST positive patients had more severe clinical manifestations and it can be a simple test to detect severe form of CSU.
Neuraldecipher – reverse-engineering extended-connectivity fingerprints (ECFPs) to their molecular structures

Protecting molecular structures from disclosure against external parties is of great relevance for industrial and private associations, such as pharmaceutical companies. Within the framework of external collaborations, it is common to exchange datasets by encoding the molecular structures into descriptors. Molecular fingerprints such as the extended-connectivity fingerprints (ECFPs) are frequently used for such an exchange, because they typically perform well on quantitative structure–activity relationship tasks. ECFPs are often considered to be non-invertible due to the way they are computed. In this paper, we present a fast reverse-engineering method to deduce the molecular structure given revealed ECFPs. Our method includes the Neuraldecipher, a neural network model that predicts a compact vector representation of compounds, given ECFPs. We then utilize another pre-trained model to retrieve the molecular structure as SMILES representation. We demonstrate that our method is able to reconstruct molecular structures to some extent, and improves, when ECFPs with larger fingerprint sizes are revealed. For example, given ECFP count vectors of length 4096, we are able to correctly deduce up to 69% of molecular structures on a validation set (112 K unique samples) with our method.
Non-Standalone 5G NR Fiber-Wireless System Using FSO and Fiber-Optics Fronthauls

The fifth-generation of mobile networks (5G) claims for a radio access network (RAN) update in order to support the enormous incoming wireless data traffic. In this context, we experimentally evaluate two distinct hybrid architectures applied to 5G New Radio (NR) FiWi systems based on different optical fronthaul approaches. The first architecture operates in non-standalone (NSA) mode, defined by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP), for simultaneously transmitting 4G and 5G technologies through an unique FiWi system. The three considered waveforms are as follows: a filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM) signal at 778 MHz with 10 MHz bandwidth from our 5G flexible-waveform transceiver; a long-term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) signal with five 20 MHz sub-bands centralized at 2.24 GHz; a 5G NR signal at 2.35 GHz with 100 MHz bandwidth. On the other side, the second architecture employs radio over fiber (RoF), free space optics (FSO), and wireless technologies converged into a heterogeneous network (HetNet). The additional multi-standard and multiband optical-wireless network is based on a 10-MHz bandwidth F-OFDM signal at 788 MHz, a 100-MHz bandwidth 5G NR signal at 3.5 GHz, and a 400-MHz bandwidth M-QAM signal at 26 GHz. Throughput up to 3 and 1.4 Gbps are demonstrated for RoF/FSO and RoF/FSO/Wireless transmission, respectively.