Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Kendall's Process

LetZ1, ? , Znbe a random sample of sizen? 2 from ad-variate continuous distribution functionH, and letVi, nstand for the proportion of observationsZj,j? i, such thatZj? Zicomponentwise. The purpose of this paper is to examine the limiting behavior of the empirical distribution functionKnderived from the (dependent) pseudo-observationsVi, n. This random quantity is a natural nonparametric estimator ofK, the distribution function of the random variableV=H(Z), whose expectation is an affine transformation of the population version of Kendall's tau in the cased=2. Since the sample version of? is related in the same way to the mean ofKn, Genest and Rivest (1993,J. Amer. Statist. Assoc.) suggested thatformula]be referred to as Kendall's process. Weak regularity conditions onKandHare found under which this centered process is asymptotically Gaussian, and an explicit expression for its limiting covariance function is given. These conditions, which are fairly easy to check, are seen to apply to large classes of multivariate distributions.
Bioinformatic Approaches Used in Modelling Human Tremor

Bioinformatics is a field of information technology concerning the storage, retrieval, analysis, visualization, prediction and analysis of sets of data with biological or clinical significance. Tremor is a common movement disorder, for which pharmacological and neurophysiological models have been developed these last 3 decades, and which is at the frontier of biology, health sciences and computer technologies. Recently, new biomechanical modelling approaches of tremor have been proposed, based upon ambulatory systems and body area networks (BAN). Use of digital signal process- ing (DSP) techniques taking into account the non-linearity and non stationarity features of tremor time-series is reviewed in the present article. In particular, algorithms for instantaneous assessments of oscillations and direct online cancellations have been suggested. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the tremor detection algorithms, as well as prediction tools. In addition, promising models based upon neural networks, conductance studies and brain neurotransmitters are un- der development. These models will allow the accurate simulation of the behaviour of limbs. Their impact is outlined. The field of tremor research represents an excellent application of bioinformatics in medicine and rehabilitation.
What factors contribute to income inequality in India and Brazil

This thesis studies the main factors that influence income inequality in two emerging economies, namely India and Brazil. The four main drivers identified are spatial inequality, large and persistent informal economy, wide gaps in educational level among individuals and government re distributive policies. They all prove to be shaping the level of income inequality. In particular, government redistributive policies have contributed very much to the decrease of inequality in Brazil, while regional imbalances represent the principal cause for the increase in income inequality in India.
InSAR: an introduction Feature

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a mature technology that has given birth to Interferometry SAR (InSAR). Comparing phase differences between two or more SAR images separated either by time or space makes it is possible to look at the world in three-dimensions. InSAR has many practical and academic applications ranging from measuring surface deformation to monitoring geomorphic processes. Using InSAR, for example, scientists have been able to precisely measure the after-effects of earthquakes, and to map glacial flow and ocean currents. In the industrial sector InSAR has been already been applied to the monitoring of mine sites and landslides – and has potential value in any area wherever natural displacement hazards exist.
Health Reform, Population Policy and Child Nutritional Status in China

This paper examines the determinants of child nutritional status in seven provinces of China during the 1990s, focusing specifically on the role of two areas of public policy, namely health system reforms and the one child policy. The empirical relationship between income and nutritional status, and the extent to which that relationship is mediated by access to quality healthcare and being an only-child, is investigated using ordinary least squares, random effects, fixed effects, and instrumental variables models. In the preferred model - a fixed effects model where income is instrumented - the author find that being an only-child increases height-for-age z-scores by 0.119 of a standard deviation. The magnitude of this effect is found to be largely gender and income neutral. By contrast, access to quality healthcare and income is not found to be significantly associated with improved nutritional status in the preferred model. Data are drawn from four waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey.
Phosphorus-limited bacterioplankton growth in the Sargasso Sea

Oceanic central gyres cover large areas of the earth and contribute significantly to global productivity. Oceanic phytoplankton production is believed to be Limited by nitrogen (N) in central gyres and iron (Fe) in high-nutrient low-chlorophyll regions. Bacterioplankton have been less studied but are believed to be limited by organic carbon. We report here that bacterioplankton in the Sargasso Sea were phosphorus (P) limited on cruises in 1992 and 1993. This assertion is supported by measurements of high dissolved and particulate N:P and C:P ratios, high alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphate uptake rates, and bacterioplankton growth rate responses In bioassays where inorganic P was added. Particulate C:P ratios were always higher than the Redfield ratio (106:l) and occasionally greater than 400:l. N:P ratios were 75:l and 46:l on 2 cruises and tlme-series data indicated that ratios were always greater than 24:l over nearly a 2 yr span. Phosphate concentrations were extremely low in the euphotic zone (< 10 nM) and biomass-normalized alkaline phosphatase activities indicated moderate to severe P limitation, with most severe lunitation occurring in the spring. Bioassays indicated that heterotrophic bacteria may be P limited in the northwestern Sargasso Sea, especially in the spring. Limitation by P and not dissolved organic carbon may explain why dissolved organic carbon accumulates in the water column at that time.
Machine Learning Algorithms Dramatically Improve the Accuracy and Timeto Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolisms

Acute pulmonary embolism is a common diagnostic challenge across the all hospitals in the US. Diagnosis can be delayed due to a number of variables including, but not limited to, the diagnostic time in medical imaging. The presented algorithm offers a solution to such delays by allowing treating physicians an accurate preliminary report. This gained time advantage should translate into a faster treatment response by the ED team. Moreover, the algorithm is designed to accurately depict pulmonary artery and veins and accounts for respiratory artifact during scan acquisition. As second and third pass search is initiated, the algorithm continues to “learn” upon the subsequent pass. Hence, each application is produces greater diagnostic accuracy. We hope this abstract clearly outlines how the latest developments in machine learning algorithms can aid in diagnostic fidelity of acute embolic events.
Insights from stakeholders of five residential smart grid pilot projects in the Netherlands

This paper presents insights and perceptions of stakeholders involved in the development and implementation of residential smart grid pilot projects in the Netherlands, adding to the limited information that is currently available in this area, while expectations about the potential benefits of smart grids are high. The main research questions of this study are: (1) How have some typical residential smart grid pilots in the Netherlands been set up? (2) Which stakeholders are involved in these pilots in the year 2014? (3) What are their views and perceptions with regards to the development and performance of residential smart grids? and (4) What do these stakeholders think about the products and services that may support an active participation of end-users in a smart energy home? To obtain information, we evaluated five residential smart grid pilot projects where smart energy products and services have been implemented. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine stakeholders involved in these projects. The Strategic Niche management framework was used to identify the present state of development and implementation of smart grid pilots. Our study shows that in the Netherlands residential smart grid pilots have been set-up and funded mainly by the government and grid operators. Other stakeholders involved include energy suppliers, end-users (as an energy cooperative or individual household), product and service suppliers, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) companies, and knowledge institutes. Currently a technology-push approach exists which barely includes an integrated approach towards smart grids products and services development. To the opinion of the interviewed stakeholders, current products and services offered in residential smart grid pilots are functionally attractive, but often too technically complex for the understanding of end-users. Hence, the general view held by respondents is that end-users should be the starting point in the development of smart grid products and services at the residential areas.
Accumulation of the betaine and ectoine in osmotic stress adaptation of biocontrol agents against Fusarium verticillioides in maize

The aims of this study was to examine the effect of the osmotic (NaCl) water stress on, growth and accumulation of endogenous compatible solutes of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Microbacterium oleovorans, biocontrol agents against Fusarium verticillioides. Triptic soya broth media were modified ionically to 0.99; 0.98; 0.97 and 0.96 aw with NaCl. The endogenous contents of the intracellular compatible solutes glycine-betaine and ectoine were quantified. Cells grown under ionic solute stress showed accumulation of significant amounts of both amino acids in all treatments. The growth rate of F. verticillioides was decreased significantly by interaction with B. amyloliquefaciens and M. oleovorans physiologically adapted at 0.96 aw. This study have demonstrated the ability to synthesize betaine and ectoine under high-osmolality conditions of B. amyloliquefaciens and M. oleovorans cells. Such ecophysiological manipulation, especially to water stress, may increase the potential for biological control of F. verticillioides at field under wider aw conditions.
c06-10-0683(6) MacKown.indd

In the southern Great Plains, dryland doublecropping soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] after winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) could provide quality summer forage, partially offset mineral fertilizer N applied to winter wheat, and lessen soil erosion. Waiting for wheat grain to mature, however, delays soybean planting and subjects growth to dry and hot conditions. Planting soybean after a hay crop of wheat was investigated to determine the feasibility of the system as a source of livestock feeds and N uptake by both crops. Twelve treatment combinations of two wheat fertilizer N levels (0 and 112 kg N ha−1) and six summer management treatments (fallow: conventional and no-till; soybean: grazed, cut for hay, green manure, and mulch) were arranged in strips across four replications. Soybean biomass ranged from 1.35 to 1.90 Mg ha−1 when soybean grazing and harvest occurred at seed fi ll, and crude protein ranged from 129 to 220 g kg−1 resulting in a 3-yr average N uptake of 44 kg ha−1. Within each N fertilizer level, average wheat forage yields were not different, but yield increased 29% with N fertilizer and crude protein was inversely related to yield. Double-cropped soybean failed to offer any yield-enhancing N benefi t to wheat or enhance soil N and C content after 3 yr, even when used as a green manure. Unless a producer is willing to accept the low productivity of soybean as a double crop with wheat, the feasibility of this dryland double-crop forage system is limited. C.T. MacKown and S.C. Rao, USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Lab. , 7207 W. Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK 73036; J.J. Heitholt, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 17360 Coit Rd., Dallas, TX 75252. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specifi c information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Received 25 Oct. 2006. *Corresponding author (Charles.MacKown@ars.usda.gov). Abbreviations: CT, conventional tillage; MG, maturity group; NT, no tillage. Published in Crop Sci. 47:1652–1660 (2007). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2006.10. 0683 © Crop Science Society of America 677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Published online July 30, 2007
Sexuality across the life course

I The Biopsychosocial Perspective1 Eros and Caritas: A Biopsychosocial Approach to Human Sexuality and Reproduction, Alice S. Rossi II Sexual Diversity: History, Culture, and Lifestyle 2 Human Sexuality, Life Histories, and Evolutionary Biology, Jane B. Lancaster 3 Attitudes toward Sexual Permissiveness: Trends, Correlates, and Behavioral Connections, Tom W. Smith 4 Sexuality among African-American Women, Claire Sterk-Elifson 5 African-American Male Sexuality through the Early Life Course, Benjamin P. Bowser 6 Single Worlds and Homosexual Lifestyles: Patterns of Sexuality and Intimacy, Martha R. Fowlkes III Sexuality at Selected Phases of the Life Course 7 Getting Started on Sexual Behavior, J. Richard Udry and Benjamin C. Campbell 8 Changing Lives, Changing Genres: Teenage Girls' Narratives about Sex and Romance, Sharon Thompson 9 Sexuality, Marriage, and Well-Being: The Middle Years, John N. Edwards and Alan Booth 10 Age-Related Variation in Sexual Activity and Interest in Normal Men: Results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, John B. McKinlay and Henry A. Feldman 11 Sex and Sexuality in Later Life Stages, Judith A. Levy IV Selected Health Issues 12 Impact of Chronic Disease and Medication on Sexual Functioning, Raul C. Schiavi 13 Sexual Problems and Therapies: A Quarter Century of Developments and Changes, Richard Green 14 Sexual Offending and Victimization: A Life Course Perspective, Richard J. Gelles and Glenn Wolfner
Sustained swimming abilities of the late pelagic stages of coral reef fishes

The sustained swimming abilities of the late pelagic stages of 9 families of reef fishes were measured at 13.5 cm S ' There was a 25-fold difference in abilities among the families. Acanthurid juveniles swam on average for 194 3 h, covering the equivalent of 94.4 km. In comparison nemipterids swam for only 7.4 h, the equivalent of 3.6 km. The distances covered by other taxa ranged from 8 3 to 62.2 km. Among the families swimming ability was related to size and age but this relationship explained little of the variation present (R2 = 0.403). Our results demonstrate that the pelagic stages of reef fishes are competent swimmers and capable of actively modifying their dispersal. This has direct implicat~ons on the replenishment of reef fish populations, especially with respect to mechanisms for self-seeding and maintenance of regional biogeographical patterns.
(Local-) community for global challenges: carbon conversations, transition towns and governmental elisions

This article addresses the narrowing interpretation of community when governmentalised: that of community's elision with local. First it surveys five broad academic and policy interpretations of the community implied in low carbon transitions. These demonstrate the persistence of community's broad and open-ended polysemy today. Second it looks more closely at the role community plays in UK environmental governance today, including specific evidence from two such government-funded community initiatives used to meet global environmental challenges: Transition Towns and Carbon Conversations. Third it provides a critique of community governance-beyond-the-state. It argues that community used to “jump scales” in response to global challenges like climate change, is often at its most narrow: local and governmentalised. Doing so helps contextualise the governmentalisation of (local-) community in UK environmental governance. Often it is localised in order to delegate (perceived) agency and responsibility onto in.
Ultrafast imaging interferometry at femtosecond-laser-excited surfaces

�2 rad and amplitude changes 1% with micrometer spatial resolution 1 m. Interferograms are processed using a 2D-Fourier transform algorithm. We discuss the image formation and the physical interpretation of the measured interferograms. The technique is applied to measure transient changes of a GaAs surface irradiated with intense femtosecond laser pulses with fluences near the ablation threshold. © 2006 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 000.2170, 100.2650, 110.2990, 120.5050, 180.3170, 320.7100.
The Bellagio Initiative The Future of Philanthropy and Development in the Pursuit of Human Wellbeing Commissioned Paper Poverty in Middle-Income Countries

This paper describes a shift in the global distribution of poverty from low-income countries (LICs) to middle-income countries (MICs) and how the role of external development actors (such as ‘traditional donors’ – meaning OECD DAC donors and philanthropic foundations and international NGOs) – might have to change to meet the challenges that this new distribution of poverty represents. The paper argues that, if we accept the proposition that most of the world’s extreme poor already live in largely non-poor countries, in order to meet their own objectives of reducing poverty, external actors will need to find new configurations of relationships (or they could decide poverty in MICs is not their problem and focus on LICs). If they do remain concerned with extreme poverty, external actors will need to continue work in the new MICs, because most of the world’s poor people live in such countries, but they will need a greater focus on issues of equity/inclusion/exclusion; working with advocacy groups and civil society on issues such as public spending priorities but with great sensitivity to the politics of doing so and recognising that development is very much ‘beyond traditional aid’ (meaning beyond international resource transfers). Global Public Goods (GPGs), innovative finance mechanisms and other ‘beyond traditional aid’ modalities will be areas where MIC governments, traditional donors and philanthropic foundations can work together, and the policy coherence, in areas such as trade, of traditional donors will be more important to MIC governments than aid flows. All of this will place far more importance on external actors understanding the political dimensions of development.
Integrated display and communication of information towards stakeholders. NAMIBIE: an application for the integrated management of the Thau lagoon and its watershed

NAMIBIE (a French acronym for I ntegrated Multimedia Navigator Within Coastal Environment Data Bases) is a specific tool which first concept has been established by Ifremer and has been developed by an association between research in the field of coastal environment, innovation in the field of new information and communication technologies and services in the field of coastal integrated management and impact studies. The objectives of this tool i s to facilitate research, direct access and d isplay of relevant multimedia coastal integrated data and information according to an interactive, widely opened and play-full interface. The principles are based upon the fact that sustainable decision making needs an optimised understanding of coastal processes and better consultation between actors. In this purpose the development of the tool has considered that the end user should and could be free to look after the data and the information he needs for a particular site or environment of interest and for a specific ICZM question according to easy navigation interfaces. That is why the NAMIBIE concept is based upon : - a c oherent 3D representation o f the coasts (i.e. from watersheds to continental shelf and deep sea), which consider a coherent DEM from land to sea and textural representation of the environment by using satellite imagery textural displays, - a 3D navigator which allows the user to fly or dive over and within the c oastal environment of interest, - a multimedia database (text, graphs, image, maps, geographic objects, modelling results…) specific to the territory of interest, - an interactive interface which helps in finding relevant information associated to specific questions The technologies used include VRML data format, integration o f standard GIS format (shp, grid, img) within the navigator, integration and display of modelling data. The production chain is realised in C++ and Java Scripts allow dialogue between web pages and 3D windows. Applications are presented on the coasts of the Languedoc Roussillon region and the Thau lagoon area (French mediterranean border) in the framework of ICZM problematics.