Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed Training Across the World

Traditional synchronous distributed training is performed inside a cluster since it requires high bandwidth and low latency network ( e.g . 25Gb Ethernet or Inﬁni-band). However, in many application scenarios, training data are often distributed across many geographic locations , where physical distance is long and latency is high. Traditional synchronous distributed training cannot scale well under such limited network conditions. In this work, we aim to scale distributed learning under high-latency network . To achieve this, we propose D elayed and T emporally S parse (DTS) update that enables synchronous training to tolerate extreme network conditions without compromising accuracy. We benchmark our algorithms on servers deployed across three continents in the world: London (Europe), Tokyo (Asia), Oregon (North America) and Ohio (North America). Under such challenging settings, DTS achieves 90 × speedup over traditional methods without loss of accuracy on ImageNet.
Availability of Health Care Service Information on Internet: A Study of Vijayapura city

An attempt is made in this paper to provide an overview of the availability of health care service information on the Internet based on a study of websites of health service providers. Health information is one of the most frequently sought on the Internet. Internet Information technologies herald a major change in the dissemination of health and medical information, with the promise of transferring knowledge from health professionals to the general public. Accessibility to online clinical and health information is essential for better health outcomes. There are currently several websites and search engines that provide health care service information. But qualitatively the information provided by them is not satisfactory. On the other hand its usage is also in question due to various factors. Furthermore, there is a need for practitioners in the Vijayapura city health sector to take an active position in providing timely and context-relevant information to the growing need for online health information. The study concludes that it is an opportunity for information professionals to take a lead position in regulating and ensuring the availability of health-related information, especially that related to local health services. Such efforts will also complement existing initiatives aimed at improving active participation of the Vijayapura city people in promoting and sustaining healthy practices
Lay perceptions and illness experiences of people with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia: a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Background: Understanding perceptions and experiences of people with diabetes is important before establishing effective interventions. Previous research indicates that socio-cultural characteristics influence people’s views about diabetes. Objective: This study aimed at understanding diabetes from the perspective of people with diabetes in the Indonesian cultural context. Methods: Six focus group discussions involving 45 people with diabetes were conducted in East Nusa Tenggara and West Sumatera. The discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim in their original language, translated into English, and analysed for common themes. Results: This study showed that participants tried to understand diabetes based on their personal experiences. They also saw the disease in a broader context of cultural identity and changes in their cultural environment. In coping with the disease, three strategies were identified: seeing it as beyond their control, normalising their condition, and resignation to God. People who used the first and second methods of coping tended to have a more negative response to diabetes treatment. People with strong religious beliefs coped more positively with diabetes. Conclusions: People with diabetes conceptualised the disease into their own narratives. These lay concepts influenced their strategies of coping and their behaviours in managing the disease. Understanding people’s lay perceptions and experiences are important to develop personalised strategies of diabetes management that may influence people’s responses to their disease and treatment.
Detection of enterohaemorrhagic E. Coli O157: H7 from beef and chevon sold in and around Puducherry

Food borne illnesses have major social and economic impacts. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the bacterial organism cause food borne illness in human beings. This study was conducted to detect the presence of E. coli O157: H7 from beef and chevon sold in Puducherry as per the standard procedure. A total of 115 meat samples (beef – 55 and chevon 60) were collected from different retail meat shops in and around Puducherry. Out of 115 samples, 16 samples (13.91 per cent) were positive for E. coli O157: H7 by conventional methods. This isolates were further subjected to PCR. Out of 16 isolates 14 (87.5 per cent) isolates were showing presence of stx2 gene. After the PCR confirmation that 14 isolates were subjected to the antibiogram and biofilm production assay. The antibiotic resistance profiling of the E. coli O157: H7 isolates does not show high resistance. In biofilm production assay by CRA plate method out of 14 isolates, 8 (57.14 per cent) isolates were positive for biofilm production This can be a major concern as microorganisms can be associated with chronic and recurrent human infections. This study clearly indicates the need for proper handling and processing of meat especially beef. It is also important that at household level proper hygienic measures should be taken to avoid cross contamination.
Surveillance of invasive in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Argentina 1994–2007: Changes in serotype distribution, serotype coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and antibiotic resistance

Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae is a prevalent cause of invasive diseases in children, justifying continuous surveillance programs such as by the SIREVA group (Pan American Health Organization). The aim of this study was to determine the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children < 6 years old, the serotype coverage of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 7-valent (PCV7), 10-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13), and antibiotic resistance, from 1994 to 2007. During this period, 2205 invasive S. pneumoniae were included in the study. Although 49 different capsular types were identified, 12 serotypes accounted for 86% of all isolates. These were prevalent throughout the study period with serotype 14 predominating. Penicillin non-susceptible S. pneumoniae was detected in 33.2% of all isolates. The coverage of PCV7, PCV10 and PCV13 from 2004 to 2007 for children < 2 years old was 51.7%, 72.4% and 84.5%, respectively. The data demonstrates a decline in serotype 14, and an increase in serotypes 1 and 19A in the study period. Resistance to penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreased, while resistance to erythromycin increased. These results demonstrate the need for the introduction of a conjugate pneumococcal vaccine and continuing surveillance to monitor changes in serotypes distribution and antimicrobial resistance.
Frequency of Diabetes Foot Ulcer and Related Factors Among Adult Diabetic Patients in the Diabetes Center of Kerman, Iran

Background: Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) as one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus has serious outcomes such as infection, foot amputation, low quality of life, and premature death. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the DFU prevalence and its related factors among diabetic patients. Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study included adult diabetic patients in the Diabetes Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The data were recorded in a questionnaire using patients’ medical records, interviews with them, and physical examination. The collected data were imported to SPSS version 22 software and analyzed. Results: Of 400 diabetic patients enrolled in the study, 69% (n = 276) were female. The mean (± SD) of their age was 57.1 (± 11.9) years and 72% (n = 288) were younger than 65. The frequency of DFU during the total course of the disease and its annual prevalence were 17.3% (n = 69) and 11.8% (n = 49) among diabetic patients, respectively. More than one-third (37.7%) of the DFU patients and 6.6% of all the patients were admitted to a hospital due to DFU. Major or minor amputation was performed for 14.5% (n = 10) of the total DFU patients and 2.5% of the total patients. Having diabetes-related complications was determined as the strongest predictor of DFU (OR = 7.016, 95% CI = 2.67 - 18.38), followed by smoking (OR = 3. 80, 95% CI = 2.06 - 6.99) and age over 64 years (OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 1.299 - 10.568). Conclusions: The frequency of DFU was high among diabetic patients attending the Diabetes Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Also, hospital admission and foot amputation due to DFU had a considerable frequency. Therefore, there is a crucial need to improve the quality of foot care services and emphasize foot self-care as essential components of diabetes self-management at all levels of the health service delivery system to decrease the risk of DFU.
A Public Health Ethics Analysis of Consent as a Least Restrictive Alternative for Newborn Screening in Ontario

A Public Health Ethics Analysis of Consent as a Least Restrictive Alternative for Newborn Screening in Ontario Erica Jean Sutton Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Public Health Sciences Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto 2013 Background: Public health ethics (PHE) is a theoretical lens used to analyze public health initiatives. PHE strives to find a balance between achieving population health goals and promoting individual liberty. To reach this balance PHE scholars encourage the use of least restrictive alternatives. However, least restrictive approaches are often taken for granted as presumed goods and their ability to protect individual liberty and the common good is often assumed. I examine this presumption through an examination of informed consent – implied and express – for newborn screening (NBS) in Ontario. Methods: I conducted an exploratory qualitative case study to understand how 57 individuals involved in the lobbying, development, and implementation of expanded NBS in Ontario perceive consent policy for NBS. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data transformation was descriptive, analytic, interpretive, and applied. Findings: Participants described their attitudes towards informed consent for NBS. PHE principles of least restrictive alternatives, effectiveness, autonomy, and social justice were key themes within implied consent data. Participants appreciated implied consent’s capacity to achieve high screening uptake, yet doubted its ability to generate informed decisions. Regarding express consent, participants introduced a host of concerns – interpreted as harmcausing – perceived to threaten NBS’s public health goals and individual autonomy. I applied the practice of consent to a PHE framework as a mechanism through which to consider consent policy for NBS in a way that moves towards achieving a balance between fulfilling public health goals and respecting individual rights and freedoms. Conclusion: What participants in advisory capacities (and those to whom they turn for input) think about consent for NBS arguably influences their recommendations to the government. Challenging informed consent as a presumed good and submitting the practice of consent to the same ethical scrutiny as the NBS program itself legitimates the concerns of those wary of consent, illuminates the perceived benefits and risks of consent, and creates an opportunity to mitigate risks before implementing or adjusting consent policy. Treating the practice of consent as an intervention in theory could work to ensure that the ideals reflected in the concept of consent are realized in NBS practice.
The relation of gender and geometry to left ventricular structure and functions in a newly presenting hypertensive population in Nigeria

Background: Studies differ on the influence of gender and geometry on the functions of left ventricle (LV). We report the relation of abnormal geometry and gender to LV structure and functions in an African population. Materials and Methods: A total of 156 consecutive newly presenting hypertensives comprising 53% females were enrolled into the study. All participants underwent full clinical evaluation, and echocardiographic examination was performed according to the American Society of echocardiography recommendation. Using LV mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness, 145 subjects with complete echocardiographic parameters were divided into four LV geometric patterns; normal, concentric remodelling (CR), eccentric hypertrophy, and concentric hypertrophy. Results: The mean age of the hypertensive subjects was 59.5 (12.3) years. The mean age and blood pressure (BP) indices were comparable across the gender. While males were taller, females were heavier and had wider waist and hip circumferences. Men had larger left atrium, aortic root diameter, aortic valvular opening, LV dimensions, and LVM compared with females. LV systolic and diastolic functions were similar. More than half of the subjects had abnormal geometry with CR prevalent. The subjects with concentric hypertrophy were the youngest (P = 0.036) and had the highest mean diastolic BP (P = 0.037). There was no significant gender influence on the distribution of geometry pattern. Left Atrial diameter and LV dimensions except posterior wall thickness at diastole were significantly larger in eccentric hypertrophy when compared with other groups (P = 0.0001). LV ejection fraction was lowest among subjects with eccentric hypertrophy. Diastolic function parameters were comparable among the groups. Conclusion: The study showed that more than half of the study subjects had abnormal geometry even at the presentation. Abnormal geometry probably affects LV systolic function more than the diastolic filling patterns. Prompt management may alter the prognostic effect of abnormal geometry among the study group.
Data Mining with R: An Applied Study

Purpose – The aim of this study is to analyze different classification algorithms with R programming and to determine the accuracy rates. It also encourages the use of the R program by giving readers the opportunity to experiment.Method – For the purposes mentioned above, different data sets were obtained from the UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository (2019), which was suitable for classification. After preparing data set and R program for data mining, performance evaluation was made with classification algorithms (J48, Random Forest, Naive Bayes). The 'accuracy' criterion was taken into consideration when interpreting the results.Results – At the end of the study, the accuracy rates were determined for three data sets. Looking at the "wine" data, the performance of all three algorithms is quite successful. The results of the other two data sets (lenses and liver) are parallel. Only the ‘liver’ dataset gave a slightly lower accuracy than expected with the Naive Bayes algorithm (0.55). Conclusion – In this study, performance comparison of algorithms has been made within the scope of data mining with R program. The accuracy rate was taken as a criterion. All codes are given with their outputs in order to be an example especially for young researchers or students. It is thought that this study can be a source for other researchers, will encourage the use of R and the researchers or students will try new papers by trying the codes.Recommendations – In subsequent studies, a similar study can be done by developing the given codes. Or how to make classification analysis in R with different algorithms can be examined.
Compromiso pulmonar en la enfermedad hepática: una actualización

Liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world; it is associated with multiple organ involvement. In the lung, three clinical conditions are described; these conditions include, Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS), which is due to a oxygenation defect by the development of pulmonary vascular dilatation. Portopulmonary (HPP) hypertension, it’s mediated by an imbalance between vasodilator and vasoconstrictor agents leading to an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure and finally the Hydrothorax Liver (HH), that is the least prevalent condition, it’s based on anatomical diaphragm abnormalities, with or without ascites. The presence of SHP or HPP is an independent predictor of mortality, highlighting its importance in the eligibility of patients for orthotopic liver transplantation as a curative measure.
Web-based training needs of agricultural professionals in tertiary institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria

This study assessed the web-based training needs of agricultural professionals in tertiary institutions in Rivers State; it identified their socio-demographic characteristics, determined their web-based training needs and ascertained the benefits of web-based training to these agricultural professionals. The study also determined the availability of computers and other web-based training facilities and identified the factors affecting the application of web-based training by the respondents. Ninety structured questionnaires for data collection were administered to randomly selected agricultural professionals in three universities in Rivers State. However, only 83 of these questionnaires were recovered and analysed. Analyses were done using simple percentages and mean scores. The hypothesis was tested using chi-square technique. Findings from the study revealed that a higher percentage (36.1%) were in the age range of 25-34 years, male (66.3%) agricultural professionals were more than the female, 73.5% were married and were all specialized in different areas of agriculture. Among the web-based training needs of agricultural professionals were; how to type documents, browse on the internet, set data in spread sheet. The benefit of web-based training were to facilitate communication with researchers (M=3.60), improve access to agricultural knowledge (M=3.75), conduct field surveys (M=3.12) and access to new knowledge and technologies (M=3.75). Factors limiting the application and benefits of web-based training for agricultural professionals were identified to include lack of computer facilities (m=3.58), high cost of operation (M =3.33) and inadequate electronic power (M=3.70). Therefore the study recommended that prices of computers and cost of operation of web-based facilities should be subsidized by government.
36 Together to care

Introduction Although many care homes are committed to providing good quality end of life care, in reality a significant number of Nursing Home (NH) residents die in hospital after emergency admission hours or days before their death. To provide more coordinated services for dying people and their families, the hospice in partnership with a NH developed a six month project with the NH providing 2 palliative care beds and in return for a comprehensive training package in end of life care. Research aim Assess the impact of the educational intervention on NH staff and therefore their confidence and competence in caring for residents at the end of life. Methods A longitudinal mixed method approach using 3 methods at baseline, 3 and 6 months: 1. A survey to all NH staff incorporating a self-efficacy palliative care scale (SEPC) to rate confidence on a 10 point Likert scale (Mason and Ellershaw, 2004). 2. Pre and post intervention semi-structured interviews with the staff participating in the T2C educational intervention. 3. Focus group of hospice staff 6 months post T2C educational intervention. Results At 6 months confidence increased and was sustained in all aspects of end of life care but most markedly in communication and symptom control. Confidence decreased in NH staff not undertaking the education intervention indicating work to do in peer learning. Conclusion A palliative care educational intervention can increase confidence and competence in NH staff to care for residents in a NH so reduce risk of unplanned hospital admission. Reference . Mason, S. Ellershaw, J. Assessing undergraduate palliative care education: validity and reliability of two scales examining perceived efficacy and outcome expectancies in palliative care. Medical Education2004;38:1103–1110
Desarrollo de un guía virtual conversacional para museos en un entorno inmersivo de realidad virtual y aumentada

The use of conversational virtual agents, as a type of intelligent interaction interfaces, is increasingly in different areas of application. One of these areas is the tourism sector, where these agents act as touristic guides able to provide more detailed and personalized information according to the interests of the tourists. This article describes the initial stages in the development of a conversational virtual agent that will act as a guide for the visitors in a museum. In particular, the design of the mechanism to generate the emotional behavior in the virtual agent during the interaction with the user is presented. A difference with similar works is that the proposed virtual guide will be located in an immersive environment of virtual and augmented reality. This will allow to evaluate if the interaction in this type of environments improves the user’s
Research on location detection of railway track spike based on neural network

The spike is an important link between the sleeper and the track. It plays a vital role in the quality of the railway and the safe operation of the train. At present, in railway engineering, the position of spike can be obtained by adjusting the parameters of magnetic sensor and repeated measurement tests. This method is simple but requires a large amount of labour cost, so this research attempts to make the “automatic guidance computer system” of the tamping vehicle automatically detect the distance from the iron rail nail according to the driving position of the tamping vehicle by using the BP neural network and the VGG19 neural network, thereby improving the maintenance rate of railway lines and reduced labour cost have laid the foundation for a grand blueprint for unmanned tamping vehicle.
Association Between Cellphone Overuse and Depression Among Medical College Students in Hamadan, West of Iran

Background: Its contact the main reason for the use of mobile phones is especially students living in dormitories. As well as students to communicate in cyber space than in real space of communication are interested, this can threaten their mental health. Objectives: The current study aimed at exploring the amount of mobile phone overuse and determining the association between mobile phone overuse and depression among medical college students in Hamadan, West of Iran. Methods: The current cross sectional study was conducted through the stratified sampling method on 300 students residing in dormitories of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire including demographic characteristics, the cellphone overuse scale (COS), and the Beck depression inventory. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16 using the linear regression analysis, independent t test, and one-way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that 45% of the students use their mobile phone for 3 to 6 hours per day; 32% had excessive use of cellphone. Similarly, 22% of participants had minor depression and 20.7% of the students had moderate depression. Also, the results showed that cellphone overuse significantly promoted depression (ß = 0.351, P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to the obtained results, excessive users of cellphones were more depressed. It seems that living in student dormitories provides better conditions for mental disorders. Therefore, it seems necessary to consider the psychological problems of dormitory students.