Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The water consumption of energy production: an international comparison

Producing energy resources requires significant quantities of fresh water. As an energy sector changes or expands, the mix of technologies deployed to produce fuels and electricity determines the associated burden on regional water resources. Many reports have identified the water consumption of various energy production technologies. This paper synthesizes and expands upon this previous work by exploring the geographic distribution of water use by national energy portfolios. By defining and calculating an indicator to compare the water consumption of energy production for over 150 countries, we estimate that approximately 52 billion cubic meters of fresh water is consumed annually for global energy production. Further, in consolidating the data, it became clear that both the quality of the data and global reporting standards should be improved to track this important variable at the global scale. By introducing a consistent indicator to empirically assess coupled water–energy systems, it is hoped that this research will provide greater visibility into the magnitude of water use for energy production at the national and global scales.
Effect of Drechslera graminea on total soluble proteins and defense enzymes of barley

Barley phylloplane is seriously colonized by Drechslera graminea, the causal agent of leaf stripe disease in the hos. The present study involved the elucidation of alterations induced in the protein content of the host due to Drechslera infection. Naturally growing barley plants were obtained from fields and Drechslera graminea was isolated and identified from diseased plants’ leaves. After identification and preparation of the pure culture, the pathogen was inoculated on plants grown under aseptic and controlled laboratory conditions. Changes in the total soluble cytoplasmic proteins and defense enzymes of the host such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX), phenylalanine lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) were observed up to 5 h after inoculation. The results demonstrated a significant effect of the pathogen on the cytoplasmic protein expression of the host as well as in its defense system.
Fiber intake Inconsistently Alters Gut Hormone Levels in Humans Following Acute or Chronic Intake

Diet composition affects the release of gut hormones involved in the regulation of appetite and energy intake. While some research suggests high fiber foods cause greater satiety than low fiber foods, few studies have measured gut hormone levels as a mechanism by which fiber may influence appetite. A review of the literature was conducted to better understand the effect of fiber on gut hormone concentrations in humans, which specific focus on peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, cholecystokinin, and ghrelin. Considerable variation was found in study design, population, fiber type and level. Few studies reported a significant effect of fiber on gut hormone levels, and data suggest caloric load may have a more significant influence on gut hormone release. While it is possible that circulating gut hormones are not the mechanism by which fibers influence satiety, it is also possible that variability in study design prevents definitive conclusions around this relationship.
Coarse-scale population structure of pathogenic Armillaria species in a mixed-conifer forest in the Blue Mountains of northeast Oregon

The coarse-scale population structure of pathogenic Armillaria (Fr.) Staude species was determined on approximately 16 100 ha of relatively dry, mixed-conifer forest in the Blue Mountains of northeast Oregon. Sampling of recently dead or live, symptomatic conifers produced 112 isolates of Armillaria from six tree species. Armillaria species identifications done by using a polymerase chain reaction based diagnostic and diploiddiploid pairings produced identical results: 108 of the isolates were Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink and four were North American Biological Species X (NABS X). Five genets of A. ostoyae and one of NABS X were identified through the use of somatic incompatibility pairings among the putatively diploid isolates. Armillaria ostoyae genet sizes were approximately 20, 95, 195, 260, and 965 ha; cumulative colonization of the study area was at least 9.5%. The maximum distance between isolates from the 965-ha A. ostoyae genet was approximately 3810 m, and use of three estimates of A. os.
Center of a quantum affine algebra at the critical level

We construct central elements in a completion of the quantum affine algebra at the critical level c=-g from the universal R-matrix (g being the dual Coxeter number of the corresponding simple Lie algebra), using the method of Reshetikhin and Semenov-Tian-Shansky. This construction defines an action of the Grothendieck algebra of the category of finite-dimensional representations of the quantum affine algebra on any module over this algebra from category O with c=-g. We explain the connection between the central elements and transfer matrices in statistical mechanics. In the quasiclassical approximation this connection was explained by Feigin, E.Frenkel, and Reshetikhin in hep-th 9402022, and it was mentioned that one could generalize it to the quantum case to get Bethe vectors for transfer matrices. Using this connection, we prove that the central elements (for all finite dimensional representations) applied to the highest weight vector of a generic Verma module at the critical level generate the whole space of singular vectors in this module. We also compute the first term of the quasiclassical expansion of the central elements near q=1, and show that it always gives the Sugawara current with a certain coefficient.
EXPRESSION AND ORGANIZATION OF GEOGRAPHIC SPATIAL RELATIONS BASED ON TOPIC MAPS

Abstract. Spatial Relation is one of the important components of Geographical Information Science and Spatial Database. There have been lots of researches on Spatial Relation and many different spatial relations have been proposed. The relationships among these spatial relations such as hierarchy and so on are complex and this brings some difficulties to the applications and teaching of these spatial relations. This paper summaries some common spatial relations, extracts the topic types, association types, resource types of these spatial relations using the technology of Topic Maps, and builds many different relationships among these spatial relations. Finally, this paper utilizes Java and Ontopia to build a topic map among these common spatial relations, forms a complex knowledge network of spatial relations, and realizes the effective management and retrieval of spatial relations.
Estimating the probability of forecasted events

The article elaborates a method for estimating the probabilities of occurrence of prognosticated events in future. On the basis of the data from the previous periods about prognosticating the relevant events, as well as the data about the trends observed at present, two matrices are formed, the product of which is the matrix for the prognosis errors committed by the individual or the expert. The article shows that the vector for probabilities of the prognosticated events is the eigenvector of the prognosis error matrix, which corresponds to its single eigenvalue. Application of the elaborated method is shown on the definite example for forecasting demand of new products.
GENETIC PATERNITY TEST FOR PIGLETS GENERATED BY HETEROSPERMIC CERVICAL AND POST-CERVICAL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

A inseminacao artificial intra-uterina (IAIC) com reduzida concentracao de espermatozoides por dose permite que o semen de um menor numero de reprodutores seja usado em um maior numero de femeas. Porem, o uso frequente de pools de semen de dois ou mais machos na inseminacao heterospermica pode mascarar o baixo desempenho de alguns reprodutores. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o desempenho reprodutivo da IAIU com a inseminacao artificial intracervical (IAIC), usando amostras heterospermicas de semen, em condicoes de rotina de campo e atraves de teste de paternidade. A IAIC foi feita com 3,0 x 109 espermatozoides/85mL e a IAIU foi feita com 1,5 x 109 espermatozoides/60mL, ambas em grupos de 150 femeas. A IAIU apresentou taxas menores (P 0,05) entre IAIC (13,7 ± 0,3) e IAIU (13,0 ± 0,3), mas foi mais alto nas femeas de segundo parto do que nas com 3-5 partos (P<0,05). O teste de paternidade usou nove microssatelites para a genotipagem de 25 leitegadas, totalizando 300 leitoes, havendo exclusao de paternidade somente em 95 leitoes, o que nao permitiu diferenciacao entre os machos, dentro das tecnicas de IA. Palavras-Chave: Inseminacao artificial intra-uterina, teste de paternidade, microssatelites, suinos.
What is the Value of Tissue Chips

An increasing pressure, exerted on the one hand through ever increasing costs for the development of new drugs, and on the other hand by the public, that stipulates animal free research, has led to the development of more and more sophisticated in vitro test systems. Among them, special attention has to be turned on tissue chips since they have got an enormous potential with regard to being developed to true organ- on-chip or even mouse-on-chip-systems due to the organotypic behaviour of the cells, at least to some respects. The replacement of animal experimentation has been payed great attention to, at the latest since the introduction of the 3R-concept by Russel and Burch [1] and the 4R-principle by Banks [2]. The problems with animal experiments are tackled in different ways, like e.g. computer simulation studies, and micro dosing, but most notably by the development of appropriate in vitro-systems.
21 Dal Lago

For a set of 16 magnetic cloud events measured at 1 AU we investigated the magnetic field and plasma parameters in order to characterize the pressure differences between the structure and the environment. The asymmetry profile of the magnetic cloud field strength seems to be related to the magnetic pressure difference between the front and the rear medium, possibly by a compression process.
Lexikalische Fehler in Deutsch als Drittsprache. Translexikalischer Einfluss auf drei Ebenen der mentalen Repräsentation: 2340

Une analyse d'erreurs menee en allemand L3 avec des locuteurs espagnols ayant de tres bonnes connaissances en anglais a permis de mettre en relief des erreurs de sens, de syntaxe et de forme. Ces types d'erreurs sont interpretes comme des indices de l'effet de l'influence translexicale sur trois niveaux de representation : un niveau conceptuel, un syntaxique et un formel. L'influence translexicale agit a partir de la L1 sur la L3, a l'interieur meme de la L3, et, comme c'est le cas dans cette etude, a partir de la L2 sur la L3. Ces donnees permettent d'appuyer un modele de l'acquisition du lexique, selon lequel l'apprenant utilise de nouveaux mots a l'aide de strategies parasites, qui consistent a utiliser toute ressemblance avec des connaissances lexicales deja representees
Risk Premium, Liquidity Premium, and Expectations Hypothesis in the Treasury Bill Market

This paper examines whether the risk premium and the liquidity premium play an important role in explaining excess holding period return and whether two components can explain the empirical failure of expectations hypothesis. The paper finds from the study of U.S. Treasury Bill rates that the risk premium and the liquidity premium are important in explaining excess holding period return. However, the expectations hypothesis is not salvaged under the maintained hypothesis concerning the liquidity premium and risk premium although two premiums improve the forecastability of yield spread. The paper attributes the results to the possibility that the difference between the relative bid-ask spread of T-bill rates is not accurate measure for the time-varying liquidity.
Quality assessment of 3D building data by 3D surface matching

This is a cooperative work between the Chair of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing of ETH Zurich and the Research department of Ordnance Survey, called “Quality Assessment of 3D Building Data”. The project aims to derive methods to calculate metrics for the quantitative evaluation of 3D building models, which are assumed to be basic elements of a given 3D city model. The developed metrics should respond to customer (of Ordnance Survey) requirements and should be independent of the method of data capture. The input model (3D building data) is co-registered to the verification data using a 3D surface matching method. The 3D surface matching evaluates the Euclidean distances between the verification and input data sets. The Euclidean distances give appropriate metrics for the 3D model quality. The proposed method can favourably address the following quality criteria: reference system accuracy, positional accuracy and completeness. * Corresponding author.
No two reefs are created equal: fine-scale population structure in the threatened coral species Acropora palmata and A. cervicornis

The population structures of the zooxanthellate corals Acropora palmata and A. cervi- cornis were used as a proxy to estimate genetic connectivity between reefs of Puerto Rico. Sequences of the mitochondrial control region were recovered from geographically adjacent and distant reefs inhabited by A. palmata (n = 220) and A. cervicornis (n = 124). Both species exhibited low levels of mitochondrial nucleotide diversity, a common observation for scleractinian corals. Analysis of molec- ular variance based on coral colonies collected from 26 reefs of 6 localities suggested that significant population structure exists even between neighboring reefs (A. palmata, ΦST = 0.0863, p < 0.00098; A. cervicornis, ΦST = 0.1237, p < 0.00587). When all samples from Puerto Rico were combined and compared to samples from Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas, the pairwise genetic distances were also significant. Evidence for population structure in A. cervicornis was much stronger when introgressed and native alleles were used in combination rather than alone: A. cervicornis from Mona Island was significantly different compared to La Parguera and the Bahamas, but not to Desecheo Island. Recov- ery of Acropora in ecological time might rely on the survival and sexual reproduction of local popu- lations rather than replenishment from distant reefs because of the population subdivision observed at fine geographic scales.
Comparative study of demand driven routing protocols over mobile ad-hoc networks

In this paper, we present a comparative study in a MANET environment. MANET is specifically characterized by high mobility of network nodes and frequent changes of direct visibility. High dynamicity affects the design and implementation of distributed applications by significantly increasing their complexity, to consider not only routing and node configuration issues, but also the possible mobility of software components and the loss of direct connectivity during service provisioning. In this work, we estimate and compare the performance of on demand driven routing protocols (reactive) - Guided at requirement (counteractive) for ad-hoc networks. We use the file transfer protocol to measure the performance of our model. The protocol provides file downloading from a dynamically discovered service component available in a MANET locality, even if the server moves during file transfer.
Seabird responses to fluctuating prey availability in the eastern Bering Sea

Walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma are important prey of piscivorous seablrds at offshore breeding colonies in the southeastern Bering Sea. The reproductive success of kittiwakes Rissa spp. is related to the abundance of juvenile pollock. It is proposed that poor pollock recruitment in recent years, as determ~ned by fisheries surveys, led to persistent kittiwake breeding failures in 1981-84. Declines in numbers of k~ttiwakes and other piscivorous seabirds at 2 colonies also may be related to the decline in pollock abundance. In contrast, planktivorous seabirds, which possibly compete with juvenile pollock for zooplankton, particularly copepods, might benefit from a low abundance of pollock. A conceptual model of food limitation and trophic interactions at several levels in the offshore pelagic food web of the eastern Bering Sea can be developed by relating relations between seabirds and their prey to ( l ) the high grazing efficiency of the herbivorous zooplankton community, which is dominated by large calanoid copepods, (2) estimates of a high annual loss of copepods, presumably to vertebrates, and (3) regional carbon budgets. The possibility that populations of several species respond to changes in pollock abundance should be considered in management decisions for the commercial pollock fishery
Discrete models of dislocations and their motion in cubic crystals

A discrete model describing defects in crystal lattices and having the standard linear anisotropic elasticity as its continuum limit is proposed. The main ingredients entering the model are the elastic stiffness constants of the material and a dimensionless periodic function that restores the translation invariance of the crystal and influences the Peierls stress. Explicit expressions are given for crystals with cubic symmetry: sc (simple cubic), fcc, and bcc. Numerical simulations of this model with conservative or damped dynamics illustrate static and moving-edge and screw dislocations, and describe their cores and profiles. Dislocation loops and dipoles are also numerically observed. Cracks can be created and propagated by applying a sufficient load to a dipole formed by two edge dislocations.
A hybrid approach based on SERVQUAL and fuzzy TOPSIS for evaluating banking service quality

Article history: Received December 10, 2014 Received in revised format: March 2, 2015 Accepted April 15, 2015 Available online April 16 2015 Quality of services in banking industry plays essential role in measuring the performance of banks. As customer awareness increases on the services offered by banks, expectations from service quality increases too. Presently, managers of banks use different financial factors such as deposits, credits, etc. to rank their banks. This paper uses SERVQUAL technique to measure customer satisfaction for 14 branches of a bank in city of Kermanshah, Iran. The study first statistically shows that customer satisfaction was not the same for all these banks and then using analytical hierarchy process and The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) ranks these branches using five components of SERVQUAL method; namely tangibles, reliability, assurance, responsiveness and empathy. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 5 © 201
A Study In Use Of Technology In Distance Education And On Line Learning

With the advent of the Internet online/distance education gaining popularity, everyday more and more colleges are introducing new online courses. Computer and telecommunication technological advances have provided alternatives to the traditional classroom setting. Technology and interaction software are the basic blocks of the online courses. While distance education and online learning overcome many barriers and allow learners and educators many new opportunities over the traditional education, it also introduces many shortcomings and challenges.
Relationship Between Chronic Inflammation and Cancer: Interleukin-1β Overexpression Induces Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Oncogenic Kras Mice

Chronic pancreatitis is an established risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development. Polymorphisms in the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene interleukin 1β (IL-1β), as well as high IL-1β or low IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) serum levels, are associated to worse prognosis in PDAC patients. To characterize the role of IL-1β in pancreatic tumorigenesis, we generated a transgenic mouse model bearing KRASG12D mutation combined to chronic inflammation induced by pancreatic overexpression of human IL-1β (KC-IL-1β). We found that IL-1β overexpression induced PDAC onset in 6 out of 13 KRASG12D bearing animals (46%), with a median overall survival of 10.5 months, compared to only 1 out of 13 mice carrying KRASG12D mutation alone (KC)(7.7% p= 0.02). In primary pancreatic KRASG12D organoid cultures, IL-1β exposure increased the number of spheroids and induced gene expression changes consistent with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), as shown by increased expression of vimentin, Zeb1, Snail. All these changes were counteracted using a recombinant human IL-1receptor antagonist (IL1-RA). Consistently, immuno-histochemical analysis confirmed that in KC-IL-1β tumor epithelial cells and metastasis were strongly positive for vimentin. The relevance of these findings was confirmed in human PDAC, showing higher IL-1 receptor I (IL1-RI) and vimentin expression in tumor tissue compared with adjacent normal pancreas. Regarding the mechanism involved in EMT activation, IL-1β exposure was found to induce an up-regulation of ribosome biogenesis rate, with consequent down-regulation of p53 protein expression which has been shown to be responsible for EMT changes. The finding that IL-1β/IL1-RI inflammatory pathway stimulates acinar cell proliferation and promotes EMT provides the rationale for a therapeutic strategy based on IL-1β receptor blockade to counteract inflammation-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis
Sense Unity Game Engine Think Act RAIN Visual Sensor RAIN Audio Sensor FSM RAIN Behavior Tree Navigation Mesh Waypoint Patrol Artificial Intelligence

Augmented Reality (AR) has introduced new forms of interaction and presentation in mobile applications. Mobile games have also taken the advantages of this technology to implement novel techniques for interaction between players and game objects. This paper aims to study the effect of AR technology on the sense of immersion and quality of experience in mobile games. In particular, we compare Virtual Reality (VR) camera with AR camera in terms of enhancing the sense of immersion and quality of experience in mobile games. A comprehensive user study is performed to find if there is a significant difference in the sense of immersion between the players using these different cameras. We also analyze how the quality of experience is affected by this
Presentation preference : Either Topic : Chemical Sensors TiO 2 Nanorod-based Photoelectrochemical Sensor for Alzheimer ' s Disease Detection

In this research. TiO2 nanorods was fabricated on FTO/glass as electrode for the immobilized of Alzheimer’s disease antibody by using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). Then, cyclic voltammetry method was used to test the current response to Alzheimer’s disease peptide. The result shows that biggest change of current could nearly 2 μA. The light on/off cycle of illumination by LED with different wavelength was performed in Faraday cage to evaluate the photo response. With illumination by wavelength of 470 nm could have an acceptable photocurrent, which could have less damage to biorelated spices comparing to UV illumination. 15% increases of current could be achieved by this illumination on TiO2 nanorod. , which is proven for larger signal for Alzheimer’s disease detection.
The Learning Curve and Durable-Goods Production

We investigate the effect of a learning curve on the production of durable goods by examining a durable-goods monopolist in a two-period model. If the monopolist faces a learning curve, the model shows that the equilibrium quantity of the first- (second-) period products will be smaller (larger) than if there were no learning curve. Consequently, in cases where the original production cost is sufficiently large, the presence of a learning curve drives down total profits.