Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional and therapeutic properties of camel and human milks

Camel and human milk samples (twenty individuals’ samples each) were analysed for fat, total protein (casein, whey protein), lactose, minerals as well as vitamins; B1, B2, niacin and C. Meanwhile, amino and fatty acid compositions and, antimicrobial factors namely; lysozyme (LZ), lactoferrin (LF) and total immunoglobulins (Igs) were determined. Results indicated that camel milk contained higher fat, protein (especially casein), ash, Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Fe, and Cu but lower in whey protein, lactose and Zn than human milk. Vitamins C and niacin were higher in camel milk than human milk. Camel milk proteins contained satisfactory balance of essential amino acids. The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids was 0.93 and 1.07 in camel and human milk proteins, respectively. Camel milk was characterized by higher ratio of Igs but lower in both LZ and LF than human milk. General pattern of camel milk fatty acids indicated that short chain fatty acids (C4 –C12) were present in very small amount, but higher than in human milk fat. On the contrary the concentration of C14:0, C16:1 and C18:0are relatively high in camel’s milk fat as compared to human milk fat. Appreciable amounts of essential fatty acids were present in camel milk. It can be concluded that camel milk can be considered as a good food of high nutritive and therapeutic applications. Meanwhile, the high content of antimicrobial agents in camel milk may explain its potential as an antiviral activity specially against diarrhea-causing viruses. Key words: Human milk composition, camel milk composition, nutrition, lysozme, lactoferin, immunoglobulins, gel electrophoresis.
MRSA and MSSA: The Mechanism of Methicillin Resistance and the Influence of Methicillin Resistance on Biofilm Phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), which is one of the most common causes of indwelling device–associated, nosocomial, and community-acquired infections, can produce biofilm as a virulence factor. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) that is resistant to β-lactam antibiotics causes life-threatening infections. Biofilm producer strains of S. aureus that causes indwelling device–associated infections resist to antimicrobials and immune system. The combination of methicillin resistance and the ability of biofilm formation of S. aureus makes treatment difficult. Methicillin resistance of S. aureus can affect biofilm phenotype of S. aureus ; the mec A gene of MRSA increases biofilm production by inactivating accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum sensing regulator system, which is a two-component regulator system of virulence factor production. The aim of this review is to determine virulence factors of S. aureus , resistance mechanisms of methicillin, and the influence of methicillin resistance on biofilm phenotype of S. aureus .
Improving training impact through effective follow‐up: techniques and their application

Purpose – This paper aims to describe a variety of cost‐effective methods that employers can use to support training activities and promote the transfer of skills and knowledge to the workplace. These techniques work to positively impact the workplace environment through peer and supervisory support.Design/methodology/approach – The application of action plans, performance assessment, peer meetings, supervisory consultations, and technical support is illustrated in two case examples.Findings – Follow‐up activities resulted in improved transfer and had positive quantitative and qualitative effects on operations and firm performance.Practical implications – Billions of dollars are spent annually by organisations on employee training and management development. It is important that managers implement procedures that encourage transfer of learning in order to achieve greater training impact. The techniques discussed have wide application and significant effects on trainee motivation and workplace environment .
On Short Sums Involving Fourier Coefficients of Maass Forms

We study sums of Hecke eigenvalues of Hecke-Maass cusp forms for the group $\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb Z)$, with general $n\geq 3$, over certain short intervals under the assumption of the generalised Lindel\"of hypothesis and a slightly stronger upper bound concerning the exponent towards the Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture that is currently known. In particular, in this case we evaluate the second moment of the sums in question asymptotically.
Goal setting in recovery: families where a parent has a mental illness or a dual diagnosis

Goal setting is an important element within mental health recovery models; however, parenting and children are rarely recognized in such approaches. This study outlines a family recovery planning model where a parent has a mental health or dual substance and mental health problem. The differences between family types (parent with a mental illness or parent with dual diagnosis) and family members (parent and children) are illustrated in terms of goals across 11 domains. There were a total of 33 parents and 50 children from 10 mental illness and 10 dual diagnosis families. Education and specifically mental health knowledge are important goals across all families and appear especially important for children whose parent has a dual diagnosis. Specific goals and achievement levels for each type of family and parents and children are also outlined. Clear areas for action by clinicians and family members are indicated by this study.
Desertification in the Sahel: a reinterpretation of a reinterpretation

In semiarid regions the ratio of annual net primary production to precipitation, rain‐use efficiency (RUE), has been used as an index of desertification. In a recent publication ( Hein & de Ridder, 2006 ) it was proposed that an incorrect understanding of the relationship between RUE and rainfall has led to a misinterpretation of the satellite record of desertification in the African Sahel. Here, we examine this suggestion and show that, contrary to Hein and de Ridder's statement, satellite studies of Sahelian RUE have reported increases, decreases, and constant values since 1981. Furthermore, we find that data do not support their proposal that RUE increases with rainfall, even in nondegraded areas. Hence we reject their corollary, that constant RUE is prima facie evidence of desertification. The fundamental difficulty with the use of RUE for detection of desertification remains, that is the difficulty of estimation of the RUE for nondegraded land at a regional scale.
Some like it cold: the relationship between thermal tolerance and mitochondrial genotype in an invasive population of the European green crab, Carcinus maenas

Hybrid zones provide natural laboratories to study how specific genes, and interactions among genes, may influence fitness. On the east coast of North America, two separate populations of the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) have been introduced in the last two centuries. An early invasion from Southern Europe colonized New England around 1800, and was followed by a second invasion from Northern Europe to Nova Scotia in the early 1980s (Roman 2006). As these populations hybridize, new combinations of genes potentially adapted to different ends of a thermal spectrum are created in a hybrid zone. To test the hypothesis that mitochondrial and nuclear genes have effects on thermal tolerance, I measured response to cold stress in crabs collected from locations between southern Maine and northern Nova Scotia, and then genotyped the mitochondrial CO1 gene and two nuclear SNPs. Three mitochondrial haplotypes, originally from Northern Europe, had a strong effect on the ability of crabs to right themselves at a temperature of 4.5oC. Crabs carrying these three haplotypes were 20% more likely to right compared to crabs carrying the haplotype from Southern Europe. The two nuclear SNPs, which were derived from transcriptome sequencing and were strong outliers between Northern and Southern European C. maenas populations, had no effect on righting response at low temperature. These results add C. maenas to the short list of ectotherms in which mitochondrial variation affects thermal tolerance, and suggests that natural selection is shaping the structure of the hybrid zone between the northern and southern populations This discovery of linkage between mitochondrial genotype and thermal tolerance also provides potential insight into the patterns of expansion for invasive populations of C. maenas around the world.
Predicting traffic through artificial neural networks

The transmission of multimedia content is growing exponentially in the current generations, all people who use the internet consume these multimedia services daily such as streaming music like Spotify or Deezer and others as videos on either Netflix, Youtube, Vimeo, etcetera . There is a large number of users who demand these services, which results in certain problems such as performance, congestion, security and quality in services. From this was created this paper, which is focused on the search for solutions to these problems. Various solutions are proposed on the protocol most used in the world of telecommunications 'TCP', in order to attack each of the various problems, such as the use of congestion control algorithms (Vendo, Reno, Cubic, H-TCP, etc.), performance algorithms (Slow Start), security (TLS) and the use of QoS methodologies. Each of the solutions were worked very similarly to the cascade methodology by means of scenarios, where a zero scenario was created or the one that is natively (Default), from this it began to work the other 1196 Andrés Felipe Luque Calderón et al. solutions in ascending way (Scenario 1), security (scenario 2) and QoS (scenario 3). In this way, we obtain a single 'Ideal' scenario, which condenses a set of techniques and methodologies, which allow obtaining transmissions with a very good performance and efficiency to meet the needs demanded by the current networks. After obtaining this great scenario, the creation of an RNA containing the modeling of the created a scenario is carried out and, in this way, making predictions of the traffic that are defined as network characteristics, techniques and methodologies that will be used. All this process to conclude in an RNA that is able to predict the traffic on a network. The results obtained are very close to the real ones and with the appropriate behavior with average error of 4%.
Should We Teach Entrepreneurship In An Engineering School? Reflections and Recommendations

The question of integrating entrepreneurship programs in higher education has largely been debated during the latest years. The benefits of this education are today well recognized by schools, universities and politics as well. The personal acquisitions related to entrepreneurship education are considered as significant mainly to differentiate the students and allow them to develop new abilities that were not considered by traditional education. Following a study of two years in a Moroccan engineering school, this article offers a general view of the results of a pilot experience of an entrepreneurship program as well as a digest of the conclusions related to the advantages, difficulties and recommendations for entrepreneurship education within this environment. This paper has two objectives: from one hand is to give a general overview of the conducted study's concluding remarks; and from another hand, to share our reflection about the subject of introducing an EEP (Entrepreneurship Education Program) in an engineering school in Morocco.
A paradigm sensitive perspective on the ranking of accounting journals: A web-based survey approach

This paper reports the results of a web-based study of the perceptions of accounting journals in Australasia. Journal ranking studies have generally adopted citation techniques or used academics’ perceptions as the basis for assessing journal quality. Our research contributes to the existing literature by conducting a survey of academics in Australasia using a web-based instrument. The analysis indicates that the perceptions of the so-called “elite” accounting journals have become unsettled. The research highlights the emergence of more recent, alternative paradigm journals (CPA and AAAJ) as both highly ranking.
Electrochemical Sensing of Nitric Oxide on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene-Modified Electrode

Graphene-modified electrode was prepared through electrochemically reducing graphene oxide on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode in PBS solution. The as-prepared electrode owns higher stability and stronger catalytic activity towards the oxidation of nitric oxide (NO). At the electrode, an oxidation peak of NO can be observed at about 1.05 V (versus Ag/AgCl), and the electrode reaction of NO is controlled by diffusion process. Under the optimum conditions, the peak currents are dependent linearly on NO concentrations in the range from 7.2×10−7 to 7.84×10−5 M with a limit of detection of 2.0×10−7 M. The response time of the as-prepared electrode to NO is less than 3 s, and the sensitivity is about 299.1 μA/mM, revealing that the electrode can be used as an excellent sensor for the determination of NO. With further modification of Nafion, the determination is free from the interference of nitrite and some other biological substances. This investigation provides an alternate way for the determination of NO.
Comparison of turbulence measurements and simulations of the low-temperature plasma in the torsatron TJ-K

A toroidal low-temperature plasma is used for comparative turbulence studies. Measurements are carried out with Langmuir probe arrays in the entire plasma cross section. The data are closely compared with drift-Alfvén turbulence simulations. Although the parameters in a low-temperature plasma are very different from those in fusion plasmas, the dimensionless parameters governing the drift-wave physics are comparable. Hence this study can also give insight into high-temperature plasma turbulence. In order to identify relevant characteristic signatures of different turbulence-driving mechanisms, simulations were carried out for a wide range of plasma parameters. The simulation results are compared with first measurements.
Diel, seasonal and ontogenetic variations in the vertical distributions of four marine copepods

Diel and seasonal vana t~ons in the vertical d is tnbut~ons of Calanus finmarchicus Metr jd~a longa M lucens and C h ~ r ~ d l u s armatus in Malangen, northern Norway, were determined from F e b ~ uary until December 1992 The vertical behav~our differed among the species and among the ditterent stages of a single species The vertical distnbution of C hnmarchlcus was dom~na ted by seasonal rather than d ~ e l vertical migra t~on, and this species was found in surface waters during the spring phytoplankton bloom (March to May) and at the bottom of the fjord in the fall and wlnter Melrldla spp were generally cons~stent d ~ e l vertical mlgrators However M longa usually stayed deeper and had a larger migration dmplltude than M lucens M longa was more deeply dlstrlbuted In the w ~ n t e r than d u r ~ n g the summer while M lucens showed no such seasonal trend The vertical behaviour of C d ~ m a t u s was related to the seasonal change In day length and diel ver t~cal ~nlgratlon was strong In periods of large dayh igh t contrast (spring and autumn) but ceased d u r ~ n g the pe r~ods of m ~ d n ~ g h t sun and wlnter darkness Duiing the summer C armatus stayed deep both day and night D ~ e l vertlcal behav~our in young stages of all 4 species was weak or undetectable by the s a m p l ~ n g method used Younger stages of C finn~archlcus and Metr ld~a spp remained higher in the water column, tvhile the opposite was observed In C armatus While seasonal vana t~ons in vertical behaviour a r e related to vana t~ons in food and light condltlons ~ n t e r and intraspecific differences may be due to life h~story diet and suscept~bil~ t y to predation K E Y WORDS: Zooplankton . Copepods . Vertlcal d i s t r~bu t~on . Vert~cal m~grat ion Fjords . Northern Norway
Cotton Aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) and Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) Efficiency of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Potyvirus (ZYMV) transmission on Squash Plants At Fayoum Governorate.

Zucchiniyellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is an important non- persistent virus causing high squashproduction losses in Egypt. Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicaeSulazer insects have high efficiency of ZYMV transmission from infected squashplants to healthy ones in Egypt,in advance of their rapid spreading. ZYMV was isolated fromnaturally infected squash plants collected from two locations (Sennoris &Fayoum), at Fayoum governorate. Virus identification was done byserological tests (ELISA) using four different antiserums. Virus wastransmitted to healthy squash plants by mechanical transmission and by using thetwo aphid insects. Fecundity and life span of two aphids andforms (alate and apterous) were studied. ELISA test had relay that the viruswas ZYMV. Typical symptoms of virus were observed by mechanical and aphidinsect's inoculation,yellowmosaic, necrosis, leaf curling, blisters stunting, deformation, reduction inleaf size and knobbed fruits (sever malformation). Fecundity and life span ofAphis gossypii were higher than thoseof Myzus persicae on infectedsquash plantscompared with healthy, respectively.The reducing aphid insects population isrecommended in order to decreasing losses caused by ZYMV infection (as theirability of transmission), in addition of removing the infected plantscontinuously which considered as a source if virus inoculum
Retaining Literature in the Indonesian ELT Curriculum

This article presents serious independent arguments why literature needs to be retained in the Indonesian ELT (English Language Teaching) curriculum. In general, ELT curriculum nowadays seems to neglect the importance of literature since the introduction of the communicative approach. Three aspects are presented in connection with why the notion may need immediate application: (1) literature brings many advantages to Indonesian ELT learners; (2) literature can be used to teach critical thinking skills; and (3) critical thinking can be used to promote tolerance. This article is developed based on mainly the ideas of literature teaching proposed by Collie and Slater (1987), Lazar (1993), and Ghosn (2002). Hence, critical thinking and tolerance are values not getting serious attention in educational processes in this country even though these values have been included in the National educational objectives for Indonesia.
Settlement of the gregarious tube worm Hydroides dianthus (Polychaeta: Serpulidae). II. Testing the desperate larva hypothesis

We have documented patterns of gregarious and nongregarious settlement among the larvae of the gregarious tube worm Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873) and shown that larvae do not exhibit decreased substratum-specificity throughout a prolonged planktonic period regardless of prior exposure to experimental substrata. Previous investigations with barnacles and polychaetes have suggested that the colonization of new substrata occurs because larvae become less discrimi- nating as they age, i.e. that they become 'desperate' to settle after searching unsuccessfully for con- specifics for some period of time. This hypothesis, first proposed by Knight-Jones & Wilson, is based on an energetic model in which non-feeding (lecithotrophic) larvae continue to search for specific substrata as long as their energetic reserves allow, but begin to accept sub-optimal habitat rather than exhaust their reserves and die without metamorphosing. Here, we examined whether it is pos- sible to induce decreased substratum-specificity among competent larvae of the gregarious tube worm H. dianthus, which has feeding (planktotrophic) larvae. We show that neither altered feeding regimes nor larval starvation lead to decreased substratum-specificity among competent larvae; although larvae maintained at lower food concentrations take longer to reach competency, the qual- itative patterns of settlement on biofilm and conspecifics is unaltered by feeding regime. Further- more, starving competent larvae results in a loss of competency rather than larval desperation. Lar- vae belonging to different size classes ( 127 µm) showed similar patterns of settlement, and differences among sibling cultures with different mean larval sizes resulted from a decrease in the proportion of larvae settling in response to conspecifics rather than an increase in the proportion settling in response to biofilm. We examined a number of obvious life-his- tory characters for correlations with the tendency for larvae to settle nongregariously, and found that although a variety of life-history traits showed significant correlations, only the total number of eggs spawned by a dam was significantly correlated with the proportion of larvae settling in response to biofilm (r 2 = 0.19), and the slope of this relationship was negative. These results are again diametric to predictions of the desperate larva hypothesis, and indicate that larval desperation is unlikely to be a general explanation for the initiation of monospecific aggregations of fouling marine invertebrates.
The maximum number of systoles for genus two Riemann surfaces with abelian differentials

In this article, we provide bounds on systoles associated to a holomorphic $1$-form $\omega$ on a Riemann surface $X$. In particular, we show that if $X$ has genus two, then, up to homotopy, there are at most $10$ systolic loops on $(X,\omega)$ and, moreover, that this bound is realized by a unique translation surface up to homothety. For general genus $g$ and a holomorphic 1-form $\omega$ with one zero, we provide the optimal upper bound, $6g-3$, on the number of homotopy classes of systoles. If, in addition, $X$ is hyperelliptic, then we prove that the optimal upper bound is $6g-5$.
A Bidirectional Relationship between Smoking and HIV in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

Background: The potential effect of smoking on HIV and response to antiretroviral therapy has been explored. Yet, the interactions between smoking and HIV, particularly, the impact of antiretroviral (ARTs) to variability in biochemical markers of cigarette smoking is currently unknown. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted to determine interactions between smoking and HIV, the impact of antiretroviral, and the variability in the biochemical markers of cigarette smoke exposure. Four hundred and twenty people living with HIV (PLWH) were recruited into 4 equal groups based on HIV and smoking status. Findings: Half of the participants were smokers. Analyses confirmed that smokers had higher viral loads compared to non-smokers. Unsurprisingly, cotinine levels between ART and non-ART recipients tended to differ (233 ± 22 vs. non-ART=200 ± 36 ng/ml, p=0.09). Females with irregular menstrual cycles exhibited higher cotinine levels (410 ± 85 vs. 202 ± 32 ng/ml, p=0.02). Multivariate analyses confirmed that ARTs, females with irregular cycles, and number of packs predict cotinine levels. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify a plausible interaction between HIV medication and nicotine metabolism. However, findings agree with the concept that both are metabolized by the CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 enzyme system.