Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transformer-less Common-Ground Inverter With Reduced Components

This paper a proposes a five-level transformer-less inverter based on common-ground-type topology is presented. In the common-ground-type utility neutral is directly tied with negative terminal of dc source, leads to the short-circuiting of PV-to-ground parasitic capacitance. Hence it solves variable common mode voltage and leakage current issues. Additionally, this topology has the inherent voltage boosting ability based on the principle of switched/auxiliary capacitor. A simplified logic gate-based PWM strategy and control algorithm is developed to maintain the voltage across auxiliary capacitor. A laboratory prototype is developed which proves the feasibility and merits of proposed inverter topology are presented.
Lifetime Analysis of Photovoltaic Inverter Based on Geographical Site of Installation

The location of installation of PV inverters dictates the input solar energy and hence, the power processed by them. The different processed powers and ambient temperatures are expected to change the thermal loading which affects the lifetime of PV inverters. For techno-economical analysis of PV installation and accurate warranty predictions, it is essential to conduct the reliability study of solar PV inverter for the specific site of installation. In this paper, a geographical location-based lifetime study of PV inverter topologies is carried out. The five-year long mission profiles of six-distinct geographical locations with different climatic conditions are considered. Four popularly employed transformerless PV inverter circuit topologies are selected for the analysis. The key contributions of this paper are, (i) it provides guidelines for the selection of inverter topology at the location of installation, (ii) it suggests a methodology for the lifetime comparison of power semiconductor devices within the topology for different locations.
Solution‐processable exfoliated zeolite nanosheets purified by density gradient centrifugation

Highly crystalline exfoliated MFI-nanosheets can pave the way for large-scale deployment of sub-500-nm zeolite membranes due to their processing and packing advantages. Exfoliated MFI-nanosheets prepared by melt compounding contain a large amount of polymer and unexfoliated particles which are detrimental to the fabrication of ultrathin zeolite membranes. Complete removal of polystyrene from the nanosheet suspension in toluene is demonstrated by centrifugation of the suspension across chlorobenzene as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Rate-zonal centrifugation in a nonlinear density gradient fractionated exfoliated MFI-nanosheets from unexfoliated particles. The purified nanosheets were highly crystalline as indicated by high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and electron diffraction (ED). Coating of purified MFI-nanosheets on a smooth α-alumina support, fabricated by filtration of α-alumina suspension, led to a compact, b-oriented, 80-nm-thick film. A mild hydrothermal treatment of the film led to a 200-nm-thick membrane, which demonstrated molecular sieving properties. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3458–3467, 2013
The Cardless and Cashless Future: The Rise of Mobile Payment

Mobile Payment, fast becoming a competitive alternative to existing payment channels, raises opportunities and challenges for public policies and corporate strategies. Our research aims to identify the distinct impact of Mobile Payment on the payment market by studying consumers’ adoption decisions and migration from incumbent channels. The core of our research is 2.6 billion records of an entire city’s five-year transactions in public transportation from all five payment channels. Particularly with its multi-channel setting, we can distinguish the impact of Mobile Payment from an arbitrary new channel’s distortion in the payment market. Starting with a causal inference design – DID, we confirm that the introduction of Mobile Payment draws consumers away from the incumbent channels and that a promotion magnifies this migration flow. To estimate the unique impact of Mobile Payment, we turn to aggregate demand estimation models that estimate within-channel and cross-channel price elasticity. Compared to a regular card-based channel, we find that consumers are more responsive to Mobile Payment promotion and are less likely to leave after the promotion ends. Hence with each round of promotion, Mobile Payment can steadily increase its market share by attracting customers from the incumbent channels. Tracing the transactions with unique consumer IDs, we further explore how the distinct impacts of Mobile Payment vary with consumption purposes and consumer characteristics. To turn our findings into practical applications, we use counterfactual analysis to explore regulators’ and merchants’ channel portfolio management and optimal promotion strategies for the Mobile Payment channel.
Oportunidades de capacitação de profissionais para atender as exigências da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados

O presente trabalho tem como finalidade a apresentacao da identificacao e aproveitamento de uma oportunidade de negocios surgida com a implementacao do Regulamento Geral sobre Protecao de Dados na Uniao Europeia e da Lei Geral de Protecao de Dados (LGPD), legislacao equivalente no Brasil em 2018: a oferta de capacitacao e certificacao de Data Protection Officer (DPO), profissionais especializados e responsaveis pelo cumprimento das exigencias dessa legislacao nas corporacoes. Por meio de um relato tecnico e apresentado o processo decisorio do empreendedor, desde o diagnostico, identificacao das alternativas, seguido do modelo de negocios, com treinamentos abertos e turmas corporativas. O trabalho por fim analisa o processo decisorio do empreendedor, que encontra respaldo na teoria do effectuation, ao apresentar as bases para seu comportamento, apos implementada a solucao, os resultados preliminares sinalizam que a estrategia foi acertada, embora alguns ajustes no modelo precisarao ser realizados para adequacao de algumas novas demandas identificadas.
ADAPTACIÓN DE LA OBSERVACIÓN FENOLÓGICA DE AEMET A LAS RECOMENDACIONES DE LA ACCIÓN COST725 Y LA OMM

La fenologia es una ciencia fenomenologica es decir, trata de los fenomenos naturales que “aparecen” o se “manifiestan”. Con el paso del tiempo el termino se fue centrando en la descripcion de los fenomenos estacionales de tipo biologico al abandonar esta disciplina, en gran medida, la estacionalidad abiotica observada en la naturaleza. Asi, en la actualidad se puede definir la Fenologia como la ciencia que estudia los fenomenos biologicos que se presentan periodicamente acomodados a ritmos estacionales y que tienen relacion con el clima y con el curso anual del tiempo atmosferico en un determinado lugar (de Cara, 2006a). Se trata de una ciencia descriptiva y observacional que requiere un metodo de campo preciso para la toma de datos. Estos datos son de interes en agrometeorologia, climatologia local-regional y para estudios de cambio climatico (Menzel, 2002; Mestre y de Cara, 2009). Se han descrito cambios significativos en los fenomenos biologicos, y en la distribucion de especies y animales en muchos ecosistemas de todo el mundo (Parmesan, 2006), constituyendo la Fenologia una de las herramientas mejor documentadas en el estudio del calentamiento global, del cambio climatico y de su impacto en los ecosistemas. Esto se ha plasmado en el impulso y la creacion de nuevas redes fenologicas a nivel mundial. Por otro lado, dado que la respuesta fenologica es una adaptacion filogenetica al clima y a los cambios estacionales del ambiente, asi como una acomodacion morfofisiologica a la evolucion de las condiciones meteorologicas (de Cara, 2006a), las redes de observacion fenologica han sido y estan siendo gestionadas en muchos paises por los servicios nacionales de meteorologia (Koch y col., 2009a).
N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase Activity in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid: Characterization and Response to Ozone Exposure

AbstractN-Acetyl-β-±-glucosaminidase (NAGA) activity in cell-free bronchoalveolar fluid of Fischer 344 rats was characterized in terms of assay reliability, pH response, stability, and activity relative to that in serum and the cellular fraction of the fluid. A linear relationship was observed between the volume of lavage fluid sample in the assay and the measured activity at 8 mM substrate (4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-±-glucosaminide) concentration, with no evidence of interference by lavage components. The stability of the enzyme activity in the cell-free lavage fluid over a 24-h incubation at 37±C and neutral pH was intermediate between that seen for serum (lowest stability) and lavage cells (highest stability). However, all three fractions showed an initial rapid inactivation of NAGA activity, with about 50% loss in activity after 5 h of incubation. Exposure of rats to 0.8 ppm ozone for 6 h, on a single day or 4 consecutive days, resulted in a twofold increase in total protein and NAGA activity in lavage.
Organic Solar Cells with Hydrogenated In-Doped ZnO Replacing Sn-Doped In2O3 as Transparent Electrode

Hydrogenated In-doped ZnO (IZO:H) anodic films grown at different ratios (R) of hydrogen to argon were deposited at a low processing temperature of 100 °C on a glass substrate by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering for photovoltaic cells. Even at a low substrate temperature, the transparent electrode showed an average optical transmittance of 88% in the visible range and a reduced resistivity of less than 3.5×10-3 Ω·cm. The organic photovoltaic cells with an IZO:H (R=0.08) electrode achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency (η) of 0.53%, which is as good as the values of the control device fabricated on a commercial ITO electrode (η=0.48%). This indicates that the efficiency of the organic photovoltaic cells is critically affected by the injection of hydrogen gas during the deposition of IZO:H. The high quality IZO:H film developed herein is promising as an alternative to conventional ITO film.
Validity of Wrist-Wearable Activity Devices for Estimating Physical Activity in Adolescents: Comparative Study

Background The rapid advancements in science and technology of wrist-wearable activity devices offer considerable potential for clinical applications. Self-monitoring of physical activity (PA) with activity devices is helpful to improve the PA levels of adolescents. However, knowing the accuracy of activity devices in adolescents is necessary to identify current levels of PA and assess the effectiveness of intervention programs designed to increase PA. Objective The study aimed to determine the validity of the 11 commercially available wrist-wearable activity devices for monitoring total steps and total 24-hour total energy expenditure (TEE) in healthy adolescents under simulated free-living conditions. Methods Nineteen (10 male and 9 female) participants aged 14 to 18 years performed a 24-hour activity cycle in a metabolic chamber. Each participant simultaneously wore 11 commercial wrist-wearable activity devices (Mi Band 2 [XiaoMi], B2 [Huawei], Bong 2s [Meizu], Amazfit [Huamei], Flex [Fitbit], UP3 [Jawbone], Shine 2 [Misfit], GOLiFE Care-X [GoYourLife], Pulse O2 [Withings], Vivofit [Garmin], and Loop [Polar Electro]) and one research-based triaxial accelerometer (GT3X+ [ActiGraph]). Criterion measures were total EE from the metabolic chamber (mcTEE) and total steps from the GT3X+ (AGsteps). Results Pearson correlation coefficients r for 24-hour TEE ranged from . 78 (Shine 2, Amazfit) to . 96 (Loop) and for steps ranged from 0.20 (GOLiFE) to 0.57 (Vivofit). Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) for TEE ranged from 5.7% (Mi Band 2) to 26.4% (Amazfit) and for steps ranged from 14.2% (Bong 2s) to 27.6% (Loop). TEE estimates from the Mi Band 2, UP3, Vivofit, and Bong 2s were equivalent to mcTEE. Total steps from the Bong 2s were equivalent to AGsteps. Conclusions Overall, the Bong 2s had the best accuracy for estimating TEE and total steps under simulated free-living conditions. Further research is needed to examine the validity of these devices in different types of physical activities under real-world conditions.
Fluorescence of Prodan and Laurdan in AOT/Heptane/Water Microemulsions: Partitioning of the Probes and Characterization of Microenvironments†

The partitioning of laurdan and prodan between the external solvent and the microaggregates in AOT/heptane/water water-in-oil microemulsions has been measured. We have also evaluated the dependence of the fluorescence spectra (as determined by the generalized polarization, GP) with the water content of the microemulsion and the characteristics of the emission and excitation GP spectra in order to assess the properties of the average microenvironments sensed by the microaggregate-bound probes. Partition constants (K, molar concentration units) were evaluated from the change in fluorescence intensity (at a fixed probe concentration) with the AOT concentration (at fixed W = (water)/(AOT) values). For W values ≥10, a value K = 1.0 ± 0.2 M-1 was obatined, both for laurdan and prodan. This result indicates that neither the length of the probe hydrophobic tail nor the size of the water pool significantly modifies the affinity of the probe for the microaggregates. Even lower values of K were obtained at lower W v.
Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutrophication: A Symposium Overview

Phosphorus in runoff from agricultural land is an important component of nonpoint-source pollution and can accelerate eutrophication of lakes and streams. Long-term land application of P as fertilizer and animal wastes has resulted in elevated levels of soil P in many locations in the USA. Problems with soils high in P are often aggravated by the proximity of many of these areas to P-sensitive water bodies, such as the Great Lakes, Chesapeake and Delaware Bays, Lake Okeechobee, and the Everglades. This paper provides a brief overview of the issues and options related to management of agricultural P that were discussed at a special symposium titled, “Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutrophication,” held at the November 1996 American Society of Agronomy annual meetings. Topics discussed at the symposium and reviewed here included the role of P in eutrophication; identification of P-sensitive water bodies; P transport mechanisms; chemical forms and fate of P; identification of P source areas; modeling of P transport; water quality criteria; and management of soil and manure P, off-farm P inputs, and P transport processes.
El padecer como diagnóstico de la enfermedad

Introduccion: La vivencias emocionales de las enfermedades y su cuidado reciben atencion insuficiente en las condiciones actuales de una medicina altamente biologicista. Objetivo: Profundizar en el concepto del padecer como componente del diagnostico con enfoque psicosocial en clinica. Metodos: Se realizo una busqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y Lilacs utilizando las palabras claves: padecer; afectacion; enfermedad, illness, sickness, disease . Desarrollo: El diagnostico medico se centra en la entidad nosologica que representa alteraciones estructurales y funcionales. La afectacion se vincula a la vida de relaciones sociales del enfermo en la que supone determinado grado de invalidez y en el padecer, el cual es una expresion de la dimension psicologica cuya complejidad se centra en la respuesta afectiva identificable por las emociones y sentimientos. El padecer tiene un caracter individual segun los rasgos de personalidad, la biografia del paciente, las caracteristicas de su enfermedad (aguda o cronica), el contexto en el que surge y se desarrolla el problema de salud y las cualidades del proceso de atencion. El afrontamiento del padecer del paciente puede verse mejor desde una vision alostatica. Conclusiones: El padecer de las enfermedades, tambien conocido como cuadro interno de la enfermedad, tiene como centro la respuesta emocional pero no se limita a ella. Exige conocer al enfermo como persona y su red de apoyo con vistas a facilitarle una respuesta adaptativa beneficiosa a su nueva condicion.
Bipolar anodization enables the fabrication of controlled arrays of TiO2 nanotube gradients

We report here a new concept, the use of bipolar electrochemistry, which allows the rapid and wireless growth of self-assembled TiO2 NT layers that consist of highly defined and controllable gradients in NT length and diameter. The gradient height and slope can be easily tailored with the time of electrolysis and the applied electric field, respectively. As this technique allows obtaining in one run a wide range of self-ordered TiO2 NT dimensions, it provides the basis for rapid screening of TiO2 NT properties. In two examples, we show how these gradient arrays can be used to screen for an optimized photocurrent response from TiO2 NT based devices such as dye-sensitized solar cells.
Fabrication of ultra thin anodic aluminium oxide membranes by low anodization voltages

Formation of ultrathin anodised aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes with high aspect ratio by Al anodization in sulphuric and oxalic acids at low potentials was investigated. Low anodization potentials ensure slow electrochemical reaction speeds and formation of AAO membranes with pore diameter and thickness below 20 nm and 70 nm respectively. Minimum time necessary for formation of continuous AAO membranes was determined. AAO membrane pore surface was covered with polymer Paraloid B72TM to transport it to the selected substrate. The fabricated ultra thin AAO membranes could be used to fabricate nanodot arrays on different surfaces.
Distributed Leadership and Teachers’ Affective Commitment in International Schools

This study determines the effects of distributed leadership on teachers’ affective commitment using a partial least square structural equation modelling approach. Using a population of 652 teachers from 10 international schools in Kuala Lumpur, a sample size of 242 was selected using stratified random sampling. However, only 200 questionnaires were used in the analysis. Findings of the study showed that quality and distribution of leadership function, cooperation within the leadership team and teacher participation in decision-making were significantly related to teacher affective commitment but not quality and distribution of supervision. These four dimensions were able to explain 77.3% of variance in teacher affective commitment. These findings confirmed the importance of distributing leadership to ensure teachers continue to be committed to attain the school goals. Future studies involving a wider range of teacher population and comparison between local and expatriate teachers should be carried out to gain more insights of school leadership in the international schools in Malaysia.
Short-term effects of salinity reduction and drainage on salt-marsh biogeochemical cycling andSpartina (cordgrass production

To assess the biogeochemical effects of tidal restrictions on salt-marsh sulfur cycling and plant growth, cores of short-formSpartina alterniflora peat were desalinated and kept either waterlogged or drained in greenhouse microcosms. Changes in netSpartina production, and porewater and solid phase chemistry of treated cores were compared to natural conditions in the field collection site over a 21-mo period. Net production among treatments increased significantly in drained and waterlogged peat compared to field conditions during the first growing season. Constantly high sulfide in waterlogged cores accompanied reduced plant growth. Aeration invigorated growth in draimed cores but led to oxidization of sulfide minerals and to lowered pH. During the second growing season, growth declined in the drained treatment, probably because of acidification and decreased dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Results are pertinent to the success of current wetland protection and restoration activities in the coastal zone.
Comparison of Steroid Hormone Concentrations in Domestic and Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plants

Influent and effluent samples originating from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (treating hospital wastewater and domestic wastewater, Belgium) have been analyzed in order to estimate their steroid hormone content. The natural estrogens estrone (E1), 17β -estradiol (E2), and the synthetic 17α -ethinylestradiol (EE2) together with other steroid hormones progesterone (P) and testosterone (T) metabolites were detected in these samples. The hormone concentrations in both the hospital and the domestic WWTP samples were not significantly different and ranged from 100 ng P/L. E2 was detected once at a concentration of 17 ng∕L . In the domestic WWTP which comprises a conventional activated sludge treatment in parallel with a membrane bioreactor, no differences in estrogen removal efficiency could be observed for both treatments. In comparison to chemical analysis data, the Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) appears to underest.
Indexes for Classification of Populations According to the Intensity of Cancer Diseases

Kachiashvilia KJabc* and Kachiashvilid JKd aProfessor, Faculty of Informatics and Control Systems, Georgian Technical University, 77, st. Kostava, Tbilisi, 380160, Georgia, bSenior Scientific Worker, I. Vekua Institute of Applied Mathe ma tics, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia cSenior Scientific Worker, Muskhelishvili Institute of Computational Mathematics, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia dMagistracy student, Faculty of Informatics and Control Systems, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Energy Storage and Reuse in Negative Capacitance

In this article, we analyze how a ferroelectric (FE) acts as a rechargeable energy storage medium which stores, releases, and retrieves energy, and helps the gate achieve a desired charge density with reduced energy (voltage) from the external gate drive. During transistor turn-on, the FE releases energy, while the whole system is absorbing energy, and during turn-off, the FE retrieves energy, while the whole system is releasing energy. Capacitor energy is analyzed using two different approaches: static material free energy integrals and transient circuit power integrals. The two results agree within 1%. Energy analysis is also performed for a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor structure for two gate lengths, 20 nm and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, in an inverter circuit. At 2-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gate length, the values of energy match under these two different approaches with less than a 6% difference. The difference is larger in the 20-nm gate length case due to larger parasitic capacitances, such as gate-to-drain and gate-to-source capacitance, affecting the transient circuit analysis. Even so, most of the energy storage and retrieval benefit is retained even in small size negative capacitance transistors.
Surface Enrichment of Ag Atoms in Au/Ag Alloy Nanoparticles Revealed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of 2,6-Dimethylphenyl Isocyanide

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide (2,6-DMPI) has been investigated with Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles as the adsorbing substrate. UV/visible spectra suggest the formation of alloy nanoparticles is taking place, in conformity with the mole fractions of gold and silver used initially in preparing the alloy sols; according to transmission electron microscopic images, the alloy sols are composed of spherical particles with diameters of ∼35 nm irrespective of their composition, from pure Ag to pure Au nanoparticles. We have confirmed that the SERS spectral feature of 2,6-DMPI on pure Ag is distinctly different from that on pure Au. Furthermore, the SERS spectral feature of 2,6-DMPI on Au/Ag alloy particles, even with a nominal composition of 95% Au and 5% Ag (Au0.95Ag0.05), is the same as that on pure Ag. The present observation supports our previous contention that the outermost layers of the Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles are highly enriched in Ag atoms compared with their inte.