Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some factors associated with the difference in nutritive value of artificially dried red clover and perennial ryegrass for sheep

1. Three sheep fitted with duodenal re-entrant cannulas and three with large rumen fistulas were given red clover, perennial ryegrass and a 2:1 (w/w) mixture of grass and clover in two Latin square arrangements. Measurements were made of voluntary intake, digestibility, flow of nutrients into the duodenum and the flow of Cr-EDTA marker through the reticulo-rumen. 2. Organic matter (OM) digestibility was similar for the three feeds but the voluntary intake decreased in the order mixture > red clover > perennial ryegrass. There was an increase in the rate of marker flow from the rumen and a decrease in retention time of the same order. Rumen volume did not change significantly. 3. There was a reduction in the mean particle size of rumen contents in the order perennial ryegrass > clover > mixture. The in vitro digestibility of particles decreased with size; the reduction being more rapid for clover than perennial ryegrass. 4. The proportion of ingested digestible OM appearing at the duodenum increased from 18.4% to 26.7% to 30.0% for perennial ryegrass, clover and the mixture respectively. 5. A higher proportion of digestible cellulose and hemicellulose disappeared over the stomach for the perennial ryegrass feed compared to the clover and the mixture but over 96% of water soluble carbohydrates and starch disappeared over the stomach for all three feeds. 6. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen was similar for all three feeds but the proportion of undigested feed N appearing at the duodenum was calculated to be greater by a factor of 1.71 and 2.52 for clover and mixture feeds compared to grass. 7. It was concluded that the higher nutritive value of red clover compared to perennial ryegrass was due to an increased rate of flow of nutrients througth the reticulo-rumen and an increase in the proportion of digestible OM digested post ruminally.
Actitudes de los estudiantes españoles ante la ampliación de los derechos sociales de hijos de inmigrantes: Un análisis de los valores como discurso legitimador

En este articulo se analizan las relaciones entre los valores y las actitudes ante las politicas de accion afirmativa a favor de los hijos de inmigrantes en Espana. En el estudio participaron 110 estudiantes de una universidad publica espanola. Los participantes debian indicar cual era su actitud ante la posible creacion de un sistema de cuotas de acceso a la universidad para hijos de inmigrantes. Los resultados nos llevan a distinguir, por una parte, los discursos estructurados alrededor de los valores de merito y esfuerzo personal, que sirvieron como justifi cacion de las actitudes mas contrarias a un sistema de cuotas para inmigrantes y, por otra, aquellos otros centrados en los valores de igualdad, asociados con posiciones mas ambivalentes.
Screening for and validated quantification of amphetamines and of amphetamine- and piperazine-derived designer drugs in human blood plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

The classical stimulants amphetamine, methamphetamine, ethylamphetamine and the amphetamine-derived designer drugs MDA, MDMA ('ecstasy'), MDEA, BDB and MBDB have been widely abused for a relatively long time. In recent years, a number of newer designer drugs have entered the illicit drug market. 4-Methylthioamphetamine (MTA), p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) and p-methoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) are also derived from amphetamine. Other designer drugs are derived from piperazine, such as benzylpiperazine (BZP), methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (MDBP), trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) and p-methoxyphenylpiperazine (MeOPP). A number of severe or even fatal intoxications involving these newer substances, especially PMA, have been reported. This paper describes a method for screening for and simultaneous quantification of the above-mentioned compounds and the metabolites p-hydroxyamphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine (pholedrine) in human blood plasma. The analytes were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the selected-ion monitoring mode after mixed-mode solid-phase extraction (HCX) and derivatization with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. The method was fully validated according to international guidelines. It was linear from 5 to 1000 micro g l(-1) for all analytes. Data for accuracy and precision were within required limits with the exception of those for MDBP. The limit of quantification was 5 micro g l(-1) for all analytes. The applicability of the assay was proven by analysis of authentic plasma samples and of a certified reference sample. This procedure should also be suitable for confirmation of immunoassay results positive for amphetamines and/or designer drugs of the ecstasy type.
Rapid speaker adaptation using a priori knowledge by eigenspace analysis of MLLR parameters

This paper considers the problem of rapid speaker adaptation in speech recognition. In particular, we exploit an approach based on combination of transformations, which utilizes the concepts of both maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) and eigenvoice adaptation. We analyze three different possible methods to realize the concept, and formulate a fast algorithm of maximum likelihood coefficient estimation for test speakers. It is found that the best approach can properly utilize the a priori knowledge of speaker-independent models in constructing the eigenspace for speaker characteristics, while using MLLR matrices in representing the specific speakers so as to reduce the on-line memory and computation requirement of the adaptation phase. This best approach leads to identical models relative to eigenvoice adaptation that is based on MLLR-adapted speaker models. The experimental results and discussions also provide a good analysis towards integration of the MLLR and eigenvoice approaches.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Promotes Formation of Aerobic Myofibers via the FGF21‐SIRT1‐AMPK‐PGC1α Pathway

Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21) is a pivotal regulator of energy metabolism, which is currently being assessed as a potential drug target for the treatment of insulin‐resistant conditions. However, the cellular mechanisms by which FGF21 affects myogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we explored the function of FGF21 in myogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Our experiments showed for the first time that FGF21 promotes myoblast differentiation and serves as a switch of molecular transformation from anaerobic myofibers to aerobic myofibers via the FGF21‐SIRT1‐AMPK‐PGC1α axis. Furthermore, we employed the Dual‐Luciferase Reporter Assay System and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and demonstrated that MYOD, a major myogenic transcription factor, binds directly to the promoter region of Fgf21, leading to the activation of Fgf21 expression in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Our study revealed a novel mechanism of myogenesis and muscle fiber transformation and indicated that FGF21 serves as a vital regulator of muscle development and important contributor to the pathogenesis of myopathy. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1893–1906, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From Conflict to Co-Operation Challenges of Environmental Peace-Building in the Lower Jordan Valley

iii List of abbreviations . v Introduction . 1 Research questions . 2 Scope and Limitations . 3 Water and Conflict in the Lower Jordan Valley . 4 Historical Contextualization . 6 Early 20th century and Balfour declaration . 8 Second world war, Shoah, creation of Israel and the Nakhba . 9 The Six Days war . 9 Theory And Methods . 11 Theoretical framework . 11 Environmental peacebuilding . 12 Ontology and epistemology . 13 Research Methodology . 13 Ecological status of the Lower Jordan river . 15 The Good Water Neighbors Project . 17 Project overview . 17 The Study area . 18 Applying the theory . 20 Findings . 24 Natural spaces and overgrazing. 24 Garbage issue . 26 No sewage network and treatment . 26 Poor agricultural practices and inefficient agriculture . 27 International high and low politics issues. 29 Conclusions and Discussion . 32 References . 34 Map of the Study Area . 39 The Lower Jordan Valley . 40 Overgrazing in the Sheik Hussein area . 41 Main Water Diversions of the Lower Jordan River . 43
Distributed MPC with time-varying communication network: A density-dependent population games approach

This work addresses distributed control design by using density-dependent population dynamics. Furthermore, stability of the equilibrium point under this proposed class of population dynamics is studied, and the relationship between the equilibrium point of density-dependent population games (DDPG) and the solution of constrained optimization problems is shown. Finally, a distributed predictive control is designed with the proposed density-dependent dynamics, and contemplating a time-varying communication network.
A fully integrated CMOS Hall sensor with a 3.65 /spl mu/T 3/spl sigma/ offset for compass applications

A fully-integrated CMOS Hall sensor suitable for use in compass applications has a 3/spl sigma/ offset spread less than 4.5 /spl mu/T. After artificial aging it drifts less than 250 nT. Using two such sensors, a fully integrated electronically calibrated compass with a stability of 0.5/spl deg/ is realized. The sensor has an analog PWM and a digital RS232/SPI//spl mu/wire interface.
Current understanding of the relationships between obsessive-compulsive disorder and personality disturbance

Purpose of review This article aims to examine the relationships between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and personality disturbance, with a particular focus on the diagnostic, aetiological and treatment implications of these relationships. Recent findings Personality disorders are common in OCD. They interact in various ways and in accordance with a number of the proposed models. The relationship between OCD and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is the most important, but it can be conceptualised in different ways and may vary from one person to another. The most clinically relevant implication of the presence of schizotypal personality disorder in OCD is poor prognosis and treatment outcome of OCD. The findings of the effects of personality disorders on treatment outcome of OCD have been inconsistent for most personality disorders, largely due to poor quality of research. Better understanding of the specific relationships between OCD and personality disturbance should lead to a more tailored treatment approach. Summary Large prospective studies are needed to better understand how various relationships between OCD and specific personality disorders could be conceptualised more soundly. Such studies will also provide the foundation for more effective treatments of OCD patients with co-occurring personality disorders.
Enterococcus faecium-Related Outbreak with Molecular Evidence of Transmission from Pigs to Humans

ABSTRACT Between 24 July and 31 August 1998, thousands of domestic pigs died of hemorrhagic shock in three adjunct counties along the YangZi River in Jiangshu Province, China. From 28 July to 6 September 1998, 40 local farmers (36 males and 4 females, ages 23 to 78 years) were hospitalized with severe illness characterized by high fever, erythematous rash or petechiae, and profound lethargy after contact with sick pigs. Twelve (30%) of these patients died of respiratory failure and shock. Eleven bacterial isolates recovered from 11 blood and cerebrospinal fluid specimens collected from seven patients and two pigs were identified as Enterococcus faecium based on biochemical reactions and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Both pig and human E. faecium isolates displayed indistinguishable antibiotic susceptibility and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. These data strongly suggest the spread of an outbreak of E. faecium-related sepsis from pigs to humans.
Current Advances in the Genetic Basis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abst ract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous and complex disease where both genetic and environmental risk factors are involved. Reviewing the increased familial incidence and increased disease susceptibility demonstrated in twin studies, RA clearly has a genetic component. More evidence for a strong inherited component in RA is supported by association studies of RA with variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, particularly the HLA-DRB1 gene in a wide range of populations. After the discovery of HLA associations, traditional linkage and association studies have identified new RA risk loci. In the last few years, the demonstration of genetic associations through the use of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with a technical capacity to genotype hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a cost-effective manner proceeded to uncover new RA susceptibility genes. We review herein recent progress made in the field of RA genetics. (Turk J Rheumatol 2009; 24: 218-21)
Morphological Variation of Some Floral Features of the Subfamily Pitcairnioideae (Bromeliaceae) and Their Significance in Pollination Biology

Scanning electron and light microscopy observations of wet-preserved flowers of Bromeliaceae subfamily Pitcaimioideae yield new information on the stigma, petal scales, and septal nectaries. Variations of the stigma types are evident among several genera. The gross structural features of the stigma do not indicate definite pollination trends, but the shape of the lobes and papillae indicate a few specific modes. In pitcairnioid genera, petal scales, when functional, may aid in pollination by accumulating the nectar secreted from the ovary, thus facilitating its availability to the pollinator. Nectaries associated with the gynoecia usually display tripartite channels in the ovary septa. Some developmental changes of the channel structure and position of the ovary indicate three probable modes of nectar release from the gynoecia of the pitcairnioids: (1) through lateral grooves or openings, (2) partly through the apical orifices and partly through the dissolved areas of the spetal channels, and (3) exclusively through the apical orifices. Analysis of a wide range of floral features indicates that ornithophily, chiropterophily, and entomophily exist in different Pitcairnioideae lineages.
Nutritional Supplements for Older Adults: Review and Recommendations—Part II

The use of nutritional supplements (NS) with the intention of improving health and delaying age-related chronic disease is a common practice among older adults; however, randomized controlled trials have yielded mixed results regarding the likelihood that these NS provide true health benefits. We reviewed the findings of these studies regarding the effects of NS of folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and omega-3 fatty acids on health outcomes in older adults. Our conclusions include the following: Supplements of the B vitamins folate, B12 and B6 have been studied with regards to primary and secondary prevention of a number of major age-related chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, cognitive decline, and cancer. While there are some encouraging findings with regards to stroke, depression, and macular degeneration (although in only one study in the latter case), there is little evidence of benefit of B vitamin NS for delaying CVD or age-related cognitive changes. In the few cancer-related studies, the evidence of benefit is coupled with concerns about enhancing the growth of existing undiagnosed cancers. In contrast, clear health benefits have been shown with modest increases in consumption of fatty fish or fish oil supplements, including a reduction in the risk of sudden cardiac death. In addition, there is evidence that high dose fish oil supplements may lower serum triglyceride levels.
HLA‐D‐restricted Antigen Activation of Sensitized T Lymphocytes: Studies on the Ability of HLA‐D/DR‐expressing B Lymphocytes to Substitute for Macrophages in Antigen Activation

The proliferative response of sensitized human T lymphocytes to purified protein derivative (PPD) and to trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐conjugated autologous cells in vitro is restricted by self HLA‐D/DR determinants. Here we report that the PPD‐specific response is strictly related to the content of phagocytosing celts (macrophages, M) in the cultures and that an optinal PPD response occurred at a T/M ratio between 10:1 and 5:1. B‐cell‐enriched suspensions, which also express the HLA‐D/DR determinants, were not able to replace the macrophages in this HLA‐D/DR‐restricted response. On the other hand, TNP‐trealed similarly prepared B cells were in most instances effective in inducing a secondary TNP‐specific response of in vitro‐sensitized T cells.
Computational modelling of microwave tumour ablations

Abstract Microwave tissue heating is being increasingly utilised in several medical applications, including focal tumour ablation, cardiac ablation, haemostasis and resection assistance. Computational modelling of microwave ablations is a precise and repeatable technique that can assist with microwave system design, treatment planning and procedural analysis. Advances in coupling temperature and water content to electrical and thermal properties, along with tissue contraction, have led to increasingly accurate computational models. Developments in experimental validation have led to broader acceptability and applicability of these newer models. This review will discuss the basic theory, current trends and future direction of computational modelling of microwave ablations.
Modélisation multi-Agents appliquée aux Phénomènes Spatialisés

Le reseau thematique MAPS «Modelisation multi-Agent appliquee aux Phenomenes Spatialises » propose depuis 2009 des evenements scientifiques ayant pour but de diffuser les pratiques de modelisations multi-agents au sein des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Societe (SHS). Ce collectif pluridisciplinaire de chercheurs, d’enseignants-chercheurs et de doctorants est labellise en tant que ≪ reseau thematique » par le Reseau National des Systemes Complexes (GIS RNSC) et beneficie du soutien du CNRS au titre de la Formation Permanente. Depuis 2009, plusieurs modeles ont ete developpes au cours d'evenements MAPS. Ces modeles ont fait l'objet de fiches pedagogiques detaillees destinees aux communautes educatives et universitaires et en particulier aux enseignants qui souhaiteraient faire decouvrir la modelisation a leurs etudiants, mais aussi a ceux qui envisagent d’approfondir certains aspects avec un public plus averti. Elles sont egalement destinees a tous les curieux qui souhaiteraient decouvrir ce que la modelisation apporte aux SHS, du point de vue heuristique et du point de vue operationnel. Enfin, elles sont aussi des supports pour toutes les personnes qui souhaiteraient diffuser les reflexions scientifiques sur la modelisation et la simulation qui ont preside a la redaction de ces fiches.
Effect of slaughter season and muscle type on the fatty acid composition, including conjugated linoleic acid isomers, and nutritional value of intramuscular fat in organic beef.

BACKGROUND Consumer awareness regarding the intake of beef of organic origin is strongly associated with the beneficial outcomes to human health, the environment and animal welfare. In this paper the effects of slaughter season and muscle type on the fatty acid composition, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomeric profile, total cholesterol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene contents and nutritional quality of intramuscular fat in organic beef (n = 30) are reported for the first time. RESULTS Organic beef showed a very low total lipid content, with seasonal changes in the levels of some fatty acids, CLA isomers, n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, total cholesterol and β-carotene. In addition, differences between longissimus lumborum (relatively red) and semitendinosus (relatively white) muscles were found for many fatty acids, specific CLA contents, many CLA isomers and both PUFA/saturated fatty acid (SFA) and n-6/n-3 ratios. However, in spite of the seasonal and carcass variations, all organic meats analysed had values of beef similar to pasture-fed cattle. CONCLUSION From a nutritional perspective, organic meat from both slaughter seasons seems to have high CLA contents, PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 indices within the recommended values for the human diet. The data indicate that intramuscular fat in organic meat has a high nutritional value throughout the year.
Interaction of Recombinant Norwalk Virus Particles with the 105-Kilodalton Cellular Binding Protein, a Candidate Receptor Molecule for Virus Attachment

ABSTRACT Norwalk virus (NV), responsible for outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis, comprises the species of the genus Norwalk-like viruses in the family Caliciviridae. Although the study of the molecular biology of NV has been hampered by a lack of culture systems or small experimental animal models, virus-like particles (VLPs) generated with recombinant baculoviruses harboring the capsid protein gene of NV provide a useful tool for investigating NV-cell interactions. In this study, the attachment of the recombinant VLPs derived from the Ueno virus (UEV), a strain belonging to the genogroup II NVs, to mammalian and insect cells was examined. Kinetic analyses of the binding of the recombinant VLPs of the UEV (rUEVs) to Caco-2 cells demonstrated that the binding was specific and occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Approximately 7.5% of the prebound rUEVs were internalized into the Caco-2 cells. Enzymatic and chemical modification of Caco-2 cell surface molecules suggested that the binding was directly mediated by a protein-protein interaction. A virus overlay protein-binding assay (VOPBA) indicated that rUEVs appeared to bind to a 105-kDa molecule, designated as the NV attachment (NORVA) protein. Furthermore, the assay indicated that its native conformational structure was indispensable for the binding activity. In Caco-2 cells, the NORVA protein was detected when VOPBA was carried out with the VLPs from Seto and Funabashi viruses, which are serologically different NVs from UEV, used as probes. The binding of rUEVs to NORVA protein was also observed in six mammalian cell lines other than Caco-2. These data suggest that the attachment of NV to mammalian cells is mediated by NORVA protein, which is ubiquitously expressed in the mammalian cells. The present study is the first report on the role of the cellular molecule in the binding of recombinant VLPs of NV.
The homology of Kummer manifolds

The theory of Kummer surfaces is a classical topic in algebraic geometry.1 A generalization to higher dimensions has been given by W. Wirtinger.2 The varieties introduced by Wirtinger may be called Kummer varieties and have algebraic dimension n with 22n ordinary double points. If these double points are desingularized in a standard manner by means of "dilatations," one obtains nonsingular varieties whose underlying manifolds will be called Kummer manifolds of complex dimension n (topological dimension 2n). The question of the torsion of Kummer varieties has been discussed recently by A. Andreotti;3 since this author, however, did not desingularize the varieties under consideration, his results give no answer to the basic question whether they admit nonramified coverings or not. This question will be settled here by showing that the desingularized model mentioned above is simply connected ; moreover, its homology groups will be determined for all dimensions.4 From a purely topological point of view all Kummer manifolds of a given dimension are homeomorphic to one another and may be defined as follows. Let T denote the 2«-dimensional torus (n ^ 2) regarded as the 2w-fold product of the complex numbers of absolute value one with itself. For a subset s of the integers 1, ■ ■ ■ , 2n let p, denote that point of T defined by