Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I on Milk Protein Gene Expression and Nutrient Uptake and Cell Proliferation in Clonal Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

The overall objective of this research was to further understand the mechanism by which growth hormone (GH) stimulates milk production in cattle. Three studies were conducted toward this objective. In the first study, the effects of GH and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a major mediator of GH action in vivo, on cell proliferation, nutrient transport, and milk protein gene expression in bovine mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T cells were determined. GH increased (P < 0.01) expression of four major milk protein genes in MAC-T cells transfected with GHR expression plasmid. Cotransfection analyses indicated that GH also stimulated (P < 0.01) luciferase reporter gene expression from the promoters of the four milk protein genes in MAC-T cells. These findings together with the fact that GHR mRNA and protein are expressed in the epithelial cells of the bovine mammary gland suggest that GH may directly stimulate milk protein gene expression in the mammary gland. This study also showed that IGF-I increased the proliferation (P < 0.01) and amino acid transport (P < 0.05) in MAC-T cells. Because GH is known to stimulate IGF-I production in animals, IGF-I-mediated mammary epithelial cell proliferation and amino acid uptake may be additional mechanisms by which GH increases milk
Fungal Molecular Systematics

The fungi comprise both members of the kingdom Fungi as we now recognize it (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and Chytridiomycota) and fungal-like protists such as the Oomycota and the cellular and acellular slime molds (Myxomycota and Acrasiomycota). Treating this admittedly polyphyletic assemblage as a group is useful because these organisms often fill rather similar roles within ecosystems, and they have traditionally been studied almost exclusively by mycologists and plant pathologists. Throughout this review, Fungi will refer to the Kingdom, fungi to the organisms studied by mycologists. The fungi, as thus defined, are of great importance for the following reasons: (a) They are the primary decomposers in all terrestrial ecosystems; (b) they are important symbiotic associates of vascular plants both in mutualistic and parasitic relationships; (c) they constitute the overwhelming majority of plant pathogens and as such have a tremendous eco-
Behavior of Accumulated Assets and Sources of Funding

Behavior of asset accumulation or wealth accumulation becomes an important issue to study because it has the potential for aggregate and global financial imbalances. Economic theory explains that the accumulation of assets as a function to improve welfare in the context of business processes, has implications for the welfare of stakeholders, if the process of asset accumulation occurs due to sales growth, saving and investment, all three will not interact. To discuss this matter, research has been carried out on the manufacturing sub-sector in Indonesia Stock Exchange with pooling data for 2014-2018 and 342 samples. The results showed that sales growth, debt to equity ratio, and changes in equity had a positive effect on asset accumulation, while saving behavior as measured by marginal propensity to save had no effect on asset accumulation, and interestingly, asset turnover had a negative effect on asset accumulation as an indication that investment growth is not matched by an increase in income, meaning that the level of asset productivity is relatively low. This finding implies that asset growth does not make it more productive in generating sales growth, meaning that the accumulation of assets occurs due to an external funding mechanism and an increase in equity compared to a mechanism of growth, saving and investment.
Detection of L-Cysteine Using Silver Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide Immobilized Tapered SMS Optical Fiber Structure

A label-free highly sensitive tapered Single-Mode-Multimode-Single-Mode (TSMS) structure-based optical fiber sensors (OFSs) is presented in this study for the detection of L-cysteine (L-Cys). Well studied biocompatible nanomaterials (NMs) including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) were synthesized and immobilized over the surface of the sensing probe using self-assembly method. Configurations involving the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomena proposed in the work are investigated in detail. Further, a comparative study with tapered multimode fiber (TMMF) OFSs and pioneering investigations on previously reported sensors in this area over the last few years (notable advances only) is also presented in this study. The characterization of NMs and sensing probe are observed using in house high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) facilities. The proposed method improves the performance of the L-Cys in various fronts, namely: (i) sensitivity, (ii) linearity range, (iii) correlation coefficient, and (iv) limit of detection (LoD). The calibration curve is found to be linear over the range of 10nM to1 mM with an LoD of $63.25~\mu \text{M}$ and sensitivity of 7.0 nm/mM for the proposed TSMS/AgNPs/GO/OFSs.
Native Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Abundance and Diversity in North Georgia Apple Orchards Throughout the 2010 Growing Season (March to October)

Abstract Bees play a key role in agriculture, directly affecting the production of over one-third of the human food supply. Apis mellifera (Honey Bee), the chief pollinator used in commercial agriculture, has been in decline. Reliance on a single species for the pollination of a significant portion of commercial agriculture can be dangerous. One alternative to using Honey Bees as the main commercial pollinator is native bees. In this study, we document native bee species diversity and abundance throughout the 2010 growing season (March through October) at 4 North Georgia Malus domestica (Apple) orchards. The 4 study sites included 2 large-scale orchards (Mercier Orchards and Hillside Orchards) and 2 small-scale orchards (Mountain View Orchards and Tiger Mountain Orchards). A comprehensive sampling methodology using pan-traps, vane-traps, malaise traps, and sweep-netting was performed at each orchard on 8 separate collection days. A total of 1817 bees were identified to species. These bees comprised 128 species in 28 genera in 5 families. Several native bee species were quite common and widespread at all 4 orchards. These native bee species included: Andrena crataegi, A. perplexa, Lasioglossum imitatum, L. pilosum, and Xylocopa virginica (Eastern Carpenter Bee). Andrena crataegi was identified as the best native bee candidate for Apple pollination in North Georgia due to its abundance, wide-spread distribution in Georgia Apple orchards, and its life-history characteristics.
System-Centric Computation Energy Efficiency for Distributed NOMA-Based MEC Networks

Energy-efficient communication is one of the most pertaining issues in realizing mobile edge computing (MEC) networks. How to effectively use non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to realize energy efficient MEC networks has been of high interest and calls for in-depth study. In particular, there has been yet no work to study the energy efficient communication scheme from system perspective in this area. In this work, we focus on the design of a system-centric computation energy efficiency (EE) scheme in a NOMA-based MEC network. The system computation EE is maximized by jointly optimizing the computing frequencies of the MEC server and the local users, the offloading time, the transmit powers of local users, as well as the execution time for the local users and the MEC server. Employing the fractional programming theory and introducing auxiliary variables, we develop an efficient Dinkelbach-based iterative scheme to tackle the formulated non-linear fractional programming problem. For obtaining instrumental insights, we further derive closed-form expressions for the partial solutions based on Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. Simulation results are provided to verify the quick convergence of the proposed iterative algorithm, to obtain insights, as well as to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed resource allocation scheme in terms of the system computation EE by comparing it with benchmark schemes.
GENE EXPRESSIONS IN HUMAN PROSTATE LNCAP XENOGRAFTS: EFFECTS OF ALPHA- TOCOPHERYL SUCCINATE ( -TOS) AND DIETARY SOYBEAN OIL

Alpha-tocopheryl succinate (D-TOS) inhibits human prostate cancer growth in vitro. This study aims to assess similar results in vivo. BALB/c nude mice (8 weeks old, n = 42) were subcutaneously inoculated with 1×10 6 LNCaP cells and randomly assigned to four dietary groups; 7% or 20% soybean oil diet with or without D -TOS treatment. Three weeks after inoculation, mice received intraperitoneal injections of D -TOS (100 mg/ kg body weight) in sesame seed oil (SSO) everyday for two weeks; controls received SSO injections. Tumor volumes were recorded weekly. A two-way ANCOVA was used to detect differences in target gene expressions. Alpha-tocopheryl succinate treatment significantly down regulated androgen receptor (AR) and PSA expressions, whereas, transforming growth factor-E (TGF-E), Fas- receptor (Fas-R), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expressions were upregulated by the high-fat diet (20% fat), versus control mRNA. In this novel study, D -TOS was shown to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent, with significant inhibitory effects on human prostate LNCaP xenograft growth.
Qualitative Plankton Diversity of Two Carp Culture Ageing Ponds of LNMU Campus Darbhanga, India

Plankton diversity is an important criteria for assessment of the water quality. In this study we tried to assess the plankton species diversity in two ponds of LNMU, Campus Darbhanga viz. Anandbag pond and Manokamna Temple pond. Plankton diversity of both ponds were recorded from January 2018 to June 2018. A total three classes of phytoplankton and Zooplankton were recorded which contain 18 phytoplankton species and 14 Zooplankton species from both ponds. Out of which 9 species of phytoplankton and 11 species of Zooplankton were common in both ponds. Anandbag pond alone had 12 species of phytoplankton and 12 species of Zooplankton. Manokamna Temple pond had 15 species of phytoplankton and 13 species of zooplankton. Manokamna Temple pond was rich in phytoplankton as well as Zooplankton. A pivotal relationship was observed between phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity.
A PCB PLANAR GROUND RADIATION ANTENNA WITH SMALL RESONANT HOLE

Nowadays, compact terminal is one of the general requirements of modern wireless communication systems. The size of antenna limits further reduction of the structure size. To reduce size, a compact planar antenna based on Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is presented in this paper. This antenna has a new small-scale radiation coupling structure with a small hole and a matching element. This structure makes the ground structure of the circuit become an effective radiator through resonant coupling. This compact design avoids an independent big size radiator and the coupling structure over one quarter wavelength. Meanwhile, it can make the circuit have a good antenna matching effect at specific frequency by adjusting the lumped capacitance. Through the simulation and experiment, the design of antenna in 2.4 GHz ISM band is verified. The measurement results show that the antenna has 1.82 dBi gain and 151◦ beamwidth. It can be used in the compact wireless communication devices with advantages of low profile, adjustable frequency, and compact size.
THE MODAL EXPANSION THEORY APPLIED TO 3-D METAMATERIAL WAVEGUIDES CHARACTERIZATION

— In this article, the Modal Expansion Theory (MET) is applied to 3-D metamaterial waveguides. The equivalent surface impedances of the metamaterial are computed thanks to an open software: GetDP, based on a 3-D Finite-Element-Method (FEM). This program is called during the MET algorithm, which allows considering the frequency and incidence angle dependency of the surface impedances of the metamaterial to compute the dispersion diagrams and the field cartography. To validate the dispersion diagrams obtained with this technique, another FEM commercial software (HFSS) is used as a reference.
The Political Economy of Inequality in Chile and Mexico: Two Tales of Neoliberalism

This article offers a historical and econometric study on the determinants of functional income inequality in Chile and Mexico between 1980-2011. This is the first study on the determinants of the labour share in developing economies using single-country analysis that covers the historical period before 1990. We find robust evidence that government consumption is a positive driver of the respective wage shares. Since Chile has experienced persistent cuts in government welfare as opposed to Mexico, fiscal austerity is a fundamental explanation for its falling wage share. Private debt is the second most important explanation for why wage shares have fallen in Chile. We find no evidence of this channel in the Mexican case. However, globalisation has exposed Mexicoâ€™s labour-intensive industries to wage competition and this lowers its wage share. In contrast, Chileâ€™s commodity exports and wage share have benefitted from trade globalisation. These comparative results demonstrate the importance of country-level studies as each countryâ€™s historical evolution and varied implementation of neoliberalism can tell unique distributional stories and provide more accurate policy insights for an inclusive growth strategy.
Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Dual-Transformer-Based Full-Bridge Converter With Current Doubler Rectifier

A novel dual-transformer-based full-bridge (DT-FB) converter with a current doubler rectifier (CDR), which can solve the drawbacks of existing FB converters, is proposed in this article. In the primary side of the proposed converter, two switching legs, two transformers, and two blocking capacitors form two half-bridge inverters. The secondary side composes of two output filter inductors and four power diodes, which connect with the form of the CDR. By employing this structure, a wide range of zero-voltage switching for leading-leg and zero-current switching for lagging-leg can be achieved. In the proposed converter, the output power is shared by two small-sized transformers and inductors instead of large-sized ones, which contributes to the improvement of power density and efficiency. Compared with the traditional FB converter, the proposed converter can obtain higher voltage gain, better rectified voltage, and lower current ripple. The operation principle, theoretical analysis, and design considerations of the proposed converter are described in this article. A prototype with 300–380 V input and 100 V/ 10 A output is designed and tested to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
A Low-Jitter and Low-Reference-Spur Ring-VCO- Based Injection-Locked Clock Multiplier Using a Triple-Point Background Calibrator

This work presents a low-jitter, low-reference-spur ring voltage-controlled oscillator (ring VCO)-based injection-locked clock multiplier (ILCM). Since the proposed triple-point frequency/phase/slope calibrator (TP-FPSC) can accurately remove the three root causes of the frequency errors of ILCMs (i.e., frequency drift, phase offset, and slope modulation), the ILCM of this work is able to achieve a low-level-reference spur. In addition, the calibrating loop for the frequency drift of the TP-FPSC offers an additional suppression to the in-band phase noise of the output signal. This capability of the TP-FPSC and the naturally wide bandwidth of the injection-locking mechanism allows the ILCM to achieve a very low-RMS jitter. The ILCM was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology. The measured reference spur and RMS jitter of the 2.4-GHz output signal were −72 dBc and 140 fs, respectively, both of which are the best among the state-of-the-art ILCMs. The active silicon area was 0.055 mm2, and the power consumption was 11.0 mW.
Spectral Quasilinearization Method for Solution of Convective Heating Condition

This article aims to implement the spectral quasilinearization method to examine the impact of a second-order slip flow and convective heating on boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid over an extensible surface. The mathematical modeling of the flow problem is obtained by taking into consideration the weight of leading parameters. Similarity conversions are employed in converting the leading partial differential equations to non-linear high-order ordinary differential equations. These equations were numerically computed using a spectral quasilinearization method for different values of the main parameters. The interesting numerical outcomes are attained for the flow variables, as well as the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and Sherwood number. The results designate that the skin friction coefficient $C_f$ falls as the values of slip parameter $\gamma$ rise, it improves as the values of $\delta$ boost. Both the local Nusselt number, $\theta'(0)$ , and Sherwood number, $\phi'(0)$, drop as both Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters increase. A comparison of the spectral quasilinerization method (SQLM) with the bvp4c method is conducted and an excellent agreement in their output is observed.
Improving Presence in Real-time Architectural Visualization

Abstract Architectural visualization is based on diverse content that utilizes virtual structures and environments, such as those in games or movies, along with fundamental values conveyed through visual design communication. This requires an extremely high level of presence owing to characteristics of information delivered via independent real-time configured tangible media. This study aims to improve presence in real-time architectural visualization content and proposes detailed production-process guidelines. To this end, factors necessary for presence improvement were first analyzed. Findings thereof were subsequently used as a basis for proposing realistic expression principles suitable for a real-time environment.
A Heuristic Algorithm for the Reconstruction and Extraction of Defect Shape Features in Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing

The first step to quantifying complex defects is knowing its geometry, shape, and orientation. This is evidently challenging in electromagnetic nondestructive testing (ENDT), especially for subsurface complex defect detection, in cases where no information about defect or material is known or given. In this article, we propose a heuristic approach for the visualization, verification, and validation of complex defects in magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing. This method is based on MFL experiment using magneto-optical images (MOIs) that are obtained from four different magnetization patterns. Using the proposed magnetization patterns, images of complex defect are captured with the aid of a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, based on the interaction of magnetic field distribution and detected defects, from different angles and directions. An enhanced ant colony algorithm (EACA) is then used to reconstruct complex defect shapes from captured images using a mean image approach. The reconstructed image (mean image) reveals the defect shape with high precision for which the EACA is able to extract important defect features such as specific edges that might be hidden or blurred. This approach based on results has proved to provide promising solution to visually verifying complex defects in MFL, leading to a more simplified and faster way to characterize these defects as compared with conventional methods, using their shapes and orientation.
Egg-Mass Variability and Differential Parasitism of Choristoneura parallela (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by Endemic Trichogramma minutum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Abstract The fireworm Choristoneura parallela (Robinson) is a major pest in New Jersey cranberry bogs where it produces two generations each year. Eggs are laid in compact, single-layered masses of a few to >300 eggs on the leaves of various plant species, and are parasitized by the endemic generalist egg parasite, Trichogramma minutum Riley. In preparation for an augmentative biological control program using T. minutum, we assessed egg-mass variability and parasitism rates in a series of unmanipulated field populations. We examined 193,950 eggs from 1,789 egg masses on 17 plant species, which represented 12 samples taken from three bogs (one sample per generation per bog each year for 2 yr). Egg-mass size, shape, and density (number of eggs per unit area within masses) differed across samples and plant species. Egg masses on narrow-leafed species (e.g., redroot, swamp candles, and grasses) tended to be longer and narrower than those on broad-leafed species (e.g., brier, red maple, leatherleaf, marsh Saint John’s wort, and marsh fern). Relatively few eggs per mass on certain plant species (e.g., marsh fern) indicate possible host preferences, whereas unusually high (e.g., grasses, sweet pepperbush) or low (e.g., marsh fern) densities indicate additional host plant influences on egg mass structure. Overall, T. minutum parasitized 4,309 eggs (2.2%) from 271 egg masses (15.1%) on 12 plant species, which included the 11 most common fireworm host plants. Parasitism rates for egg masses varied from 1.6 to 44.9% across samples, and only 11 parasitized masses were completely parasitized (4.1%). Parasitized masses had fewer eggs and lower density than nonparasitized masses, but did not differ in length, width, area, or circumference. T. minutum exhibited an apparent preference for masses on sweet pepperbush and marsh Saint John’s wort over those on leatherleaf. This preference was not fully explained by egg number or density, and might be associated with other differences among egg masses or host plants. These results indicate potentially complex tritrophic interactions that could have important implications for the development, monitoring, and success of biological control programs.
Parallel Plate Cavity Mode Suppression by Miniaturized 2.5-D Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure for Low Frequency Microwave Circuit

A 2.5-D miniaturized substrate integrated electromagnetic bandgap (SI-EBG) is proposed for parallel plate cavity mode suppression for the low frequency microwave circuit packaging. The proposed 2.5-D SI-EBG unit cell consists of a circular patch and four via arrays. In this 2.5-D SI-EBG unit cell, via arrays are introduced to increase the capacitance and the inductance of the unit cell, which contributes to lower cavity mode suppression cutoff frequency. Dispersion diagram and mode analysis of the unit cell are given to explain its working mechanism. The electric size of the unit cell is reduced to $0.107{l} _{0}\times 0.107{l}_{0}\times 0.038{l}_{0}$ , and its stopband fractional bandwidth (FBW) is 42%. Finally, an experimental prototype of such miniaturized SI-EBG packaging structure is fabricated by PCB technique for a microstrip meander line to demonstrate its cavity mode suppression performance.