Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reappearance of activity in the vestibular neurones of labyrinthectomized guinea‐pigs is not delayed by cycloheximide

1 In mammals, unilateral labyrinthectomy induces an immediate depression of the resting discharges in the neurones of the ipsilateral vestibular nuclei. Later on, a spontaneous restoration of this activity occurs. The aim of the present study was to test the possibility that protein synthesis could be involved in the start of this process in the guinea‐pig. 2 Cycloheximide (CHX), a protein synthesis inhibitor, was injected intramuscularly 1 h before (30 mg kg−1) and 5 h after (15 mg kg−1) labyrinthectomy. 3 In a first group of animals, CHX was found to induce an inhibition of protein synthesis at levels ranging from 71 to 93 % for 9 h after labyrinthectomy. 4 In a second group of alert animals, we studied single unit activity of second‐order vestibular neurones. It was found that, in the 12–16 h post‐labyrinthectomy period, at a time when restoration began in guinea‐pigs not treated with CHX, the discharges in the labyrinthectomized group treated with CHX were not different from those observed in a previous study in labyrinthectomized animals not treated with CHX. 5 We conclude that protein synthesis is not required for the start of restoration of activity in the vestibular neurones deprived of their ipsilateral labyrinthine input.
Nonrandom distribution of MMTV proviral sequences in the mouse genome.

Integrated sequences of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) have been localized in the genomes of five inbred mouse strains (Balb/c, C3H, DBA/2, A.TH, 129-SV) and one mammary tumor cell line (GR). Two major classes of MMTV sequences have been detected in mouse DNA fractions as obtained by Cs2SO4/BAMD (3,6-bis-(acetatomercurimethyl)dioxane) density gradient centrifugation. The first one corresponds to previously described endogenous sequences (Mtv loci), whereas the second one corresponds to endogenous sequences not previously known, and/or recently acquired; in the case of GR cells exogenous sequences may also be present in this class. The genome distribution is somewhat different for the two classes of sequences, the first one being practically only present in the lightest DNA segments of the mouse genome (GC congruent to 38%); the second one being also represented in heavier segments (GC congruent to 43%). This integration pattern suggests that "ancient" endogenous sequences are practically only localized in genome segments of roughly matching composition, whereas exogenous and recently acquired endogenous MMTV sequences may also be present in heavier fractions.
Hearts lacking caveolin-1 develop hypertrophy with normal cardiac substrate metabolism

Long-chain fatty acids (FA) are the primary energy source utilized by the adult heart. However, during pathological cardiac hypertrophy the fetal gene program is reactivated and glucose becomes the major fuel source metabolized by the heart. Herein we describe the metabolic phenotype associated with caveolin-1(Cav1) gene ablation (Cav1ko) in cardiac fibroblast. Cav1, the primary protein component of caveolae in non-muscle cells co-localizes with a number of proteins involved in substrate metabolism, including, FA translocase (CD36) and the insulin receptor. Herein we demonstrate that Cav1ko hearts develop cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction at 5-6mos of age. Surprisingly, we observed an increase in the uptake of Intralipid triglyceride and albumin bound FA by 25% and 47%, respectively, in Cav1ko hearts. Isolated perfused heart studies revealed no significant difference in glucose oxidation and glycolysis, however, we observed a trend toward increased FA oxidation in Cav1ko hearts. Real-time PCR analysis revealed no significant changes in the expression of genes involved in FA and glucose metabolism. We also report myocardial triglyceride, fatty acid and cholesterol levels are significantly reduced in Cav1ko hearts. Microarray gene expression analysis revealed changes in genes that regulate calcium ion and lipid transport as well as a number of genes not previously linked to cardiac hypertrophy. We observed a 4-fold increase in tetraspanin-2 gene expression, a transmembrane protein implicated in regulating intracellular trafficking. Oxysterol binding protein related protein-3, which has been implicated in intracellular lipid synthesis and transport, was increased 3.6-fold. In addition, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 3, and calcyclin gene transcripts were significantly increased in Cav1ko hearts. In summary, targeted loss of Cav1 produces a unique model of cardiac hypertrophy with normal substrate utilization and expression of genes involved in energy metabolism.
Effect of higher dietary vitamin E concentrations on physical and biochemical characteristics of semen in Kadaknath cockerels

1. This experiment was to investigate the effects of increasing dietary vitamin E on physical and biochemical characteristics of semen in Indian reared Kadaknath (KN) cockerels. DL-α-Tocopherol acetate was used as the source of vitamin E. 2. A total of 135 one-day-old male KN chicks were randomly selected and divided into 9 groups with 15 chicks in each group (3 dietary treatments × 3 replicates). 3. The basal diet contained 15 IU (10 mg) vitamin E/kg and the two experimental diets were supplemented with 150 IU (100 mg) and 300 IU (200 mg) vitamin E/kg (diets T2 and T3, respectively). 4. Physical characteristics in terms of semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility and percentage live sperm did not differ significantly, whereas proportion of abnormal and dead spermatozoa were significantly lower and fertility higher in the T2 group. 5. Biochemical characteristics in term of quantities of protein and nitric oxide (NO) did not differ significantly, whereas the quantity of glucose, acid phosphatase (ACP) and vitamin E were significantly higher in the T2 group. 6. In contrast, the quantities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were significantly lower in T2 group and higher in the T1 (control) group. 7. From this study it can be concluded that moderate supplementation of dietary vitamin E may be beneficial for physical and biochemical characteristics of semen in Indian reared KN cock.
Multi-bit fault tolerant design for resistive memories through dynamic partitioning

This work proposes a fault diagnosis methodology intended for resistive memories. Multiple cells of a block may suffer from stuck-at faults during repetitive write operations in resistive memory. It causes serious hindrance to large scale adoption of resistive memory. This issue is addressed through introduction of von Neumann's Cellular Automata (CA). The two single length cycle attractor CA (TACA) and single single length cycle attractor CA (SACA) are synthesized to capture the erroneous bit positions of memory blocks in run time. It ensures the correct retrieval of data and fulfills the requirement of an efficient fault tolerant resistive memory subsystem.
Sentiment and Value*

Dans le cadre du debat sur l'internalisme moral, l'A. etudie le defi que represente pour la these sentimentaliste la dimension rationnelle du jugement evaluatif. Parmi les courants cognitivistes et non-cognitivistes des theories metaethiques de S. Blackburn, A. Gibbard, J. McDowell et D. Wiggins, l'A. montre que toutes ces versions du neosentimentalisme ne parviennent a resoudre le probleme de la definition emotionnelle de la valeur.
Signal transduction pathways involved in melatonin‐induced neuroprotection after focal cerebral ischemia in mice

Abstract: Because of its favorable action profile in humans, melatonin is a particularly interesting candidate as a neuroprotectant in acute ischemic stroke. Until now, the signaling mechanisms mediating melatonin's neuroprotective actions remained essentially uninvestigated. Herein, we examined the effects of melatonin, administered either orally for 9 wk as a stroke prophylactic (4 mg/kg/day) or intraperitoneally immediately after reperfusion onset (4 mg/kg), on the activation of signal transduction pathways in mice submitted to 90 min of intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by 24 hr of reperfusion. In these studies, melatonin significantly reduced ischemic infarct size by ∼30–35%, as compared with animals receiving diluent (sham) treatment, independent of whether the indole was administered prior to or after ischemia. Under both conditions, animals receiving melatonin exhibited elevated phosphorylated Akt levels in their brains, as determined by Western blots. Additionally, phosphorylation levels of mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular‐regulated kinase (ERK)‐1/‐2 and Jun kinase (JNK)‐1/‐2 were increased following prophylactic, but not acute, melatonin treatment. Our data suggest a role of phosphatidyl inositol‐3 kinase/Akt signaling in acute melatonin‐induced neuroprotection, while ERK‐1/‐2 and/or JNK‐1/‐2 rather appear to be involved in melatonin's long‐term effects.
Two approaches for image-processing based high resolution image acquisition

Towards the development of a super high definition image acquisition system, we have proposed an image-processing based approach, i.e. the introduction of image processing techniques into an imaging process. Imaging methods based on this approach can be classified into two main categories: a spatial integration imaging method and a temporal integration imaging method. With regard to the spatial integration imaging method, we have presented previously a method for acquiring an improved-resolution image by integrating multiple images taken simultaneously with multiple cameras with different pixel apertures. In addition to the spatial integration imaging method, aimed at a particular surveillance application, we construct a temporal integration imaging method. Experimental simulations demonstrate that temporal integration imaging is as promising as spatial integration imaging for high resolution imaging. <<ETX>>
Relevance of cohort studies for the study of transplant infectious diseases

Purpose of reviewThe debate on the merits of observational studies as compared with randomized trials is ongoing. We will briefly touch on this subject, and demonstrate the role of cohort studies for the description of infectious disease patterns after transplantation. The potential benefits of cohort studies for the clinical management of patients outside of the expected gain in epidemiological knowledge are reviewed. The newly established Swiss Transplantation Cohort Study and in particular the part focusing on infectious diseases will serve as an illustration. Recent findingsA neglected area of research is the indirect value of large, multicenter cohort studies. These benefits can range from a deepened collaboration to the development of common definitions and guidelines. Unfortunately, very few data exist on the role of such indirect effects on improving quality of patient management. SummaryThis review postulates an important role for cohort studies, which should not be viewed as inferior but complementary to established research tools, in particular randomized trials. Randomized trials remain the least bias-prone method to establish knowledge regarding the significance of diagnostic or therapeutic measures. Cohort studies have the power to reflect a real-world situation and to pinpoint areas of knowledge as well as of uncertainty. Prerequisite is a prospective design requiring a set of inclusive data coupled with the meticulous insistence on data retrieval and quality.
HIPOCALCEMIA SUBCLÍNICA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A IMUNIDADE EM VACAS LEITEIRAS: UMA REVISÃO

A hipocalcemia subclinica e uma doenca bastante frequente nos rebanhos leiteiros e esta relacionada a grandes prejuizos economicos em funcao de que pode predispor ao desenvolvimento de outras doencas como mastite e metrite. O calcio e um dos minerais essenciais para uma variedade de processos fisiologicos no organismo animal, entre os quais a sinalizacao celular e um dos mais importantes. O objetivo desta revisao e destacar a importância do calcio para a vaca leiteira e a importância do calcio intracelular para o adequado funcionamento do sistema imunologico, relacionando-o com enfermidades do periparto. Assim como, demonstrar os mecanismos fisiologicos responsaveis pela manutencao da homeostase e apresentar alguns genes que podem estar relacionados com a hipocalcemia subclinica. Diversos trabalhos evidenciam a estreita relacao entre hipocalcemia subclinica e a imunidade das vacas leiteiras, sendo que estas deplecoes nas concentracoes de calcio tornam o animal mais susceptivel ao desenvolvimento de doencas do periparto.
Traps, morphology and degradation in high efficiency polymer solar cells

Bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJs) based on poly[N-9″-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) can have internal quantum efficiencies approaching 100% but require active layers that are too thin to absorb more than ∼70% of the above bandgap light. [1] In this work, we demonstrate that PCDTBT films contain a high density of hole-traps, which correlate with polymer morphology and are important for BHJ performance.
Human cathelicidin LL‐37 and its derivative IG‐19 regulate interleukin‐32‐induced inflammation

Human cathelicidin LL‐37 protects against infections and endotoxin‐induced inflammation. In a recent study we have shown that IG‐19, an LL‐37‐derived peptide, protects in a murine model of arthritis. Cytokine interleukin‐32 (IL‐32) is elevated and directly associated with the disease severity of inflammatory arthritis. Therefore, in this study we examined the effects of LL‐37 and IG‐19 on IL‐32‐induced responses in human peripheral blood‐derived mononuclear cells (PBMC) and macrophages. We showed that CD14+ monocytes are the primary cells that produce pro‐inflammatory tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) following stimulation of PBMC with IL‐32. We demonstrated that LL‐37 and IG‐19 significantly suppress IL‐32‐induced production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, e.g. TNF‐α and IL‐1β, without altering chemokine production. In contrast, LL‐37 and IG‐19 enhance the production of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐1RA. Further mechanistic studies revealed that LL‐37 and IG‐19 suppress IL‐32‐mediated phosphorylation of Fyn (Y420) Src kinase. In contrast, IL‐32‐mediated phosphorylation of AKT‐1 (T308) and MKP‐1 (S359) is not suppressed by the peptides. LL‐37 and IG‐19 alone induce the phosphorylation of MKP‐1 (S359), which is a known negative regulator of inflammation. Furthermore, the peptides induce the activity of p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, which is known to phosphorylate MKP‐1 (S359). This is the first study to demonstrate the regulation of IL‐32‐induced inflammation by LL‐37 and its derivative peptide IG‐19. The mechanistic results from this study suggest that regulation of immune‐mediated inflammation by these peptides may be controlled by the dual phosphatase MKP‐1. We speculate that LL‐37 and its derivatives may contribute to the control of immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases.
Monoclonal CCR5 antibody for treatment of people with HIV infection.

BACKGROUND A monoclonal CCR5 antibody, PRO 140 (a humanised form of the PA14 antibody), inhibits CCR5-tropic (R5) HIV-1. This may be an effective new treatment for HIV-infected patients, with the potential to address the limitations of currently available therapies. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of PRO 140 for HIV-1-infected patients in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). SEARCH STRATEGY Databases including Cochrane's CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE and ISI Web of Knowledge, online trials registries and other sources were searched. The reference lists of related literature and presentations from major HIV/AIDS conferences were also screened. SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs and quasi-RCTs comparing PRO 140 with placebo or other antiretroviral drugs, or different doses for individuals infected with HIV. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers (L Li and TT Sun) independently screened all retrieved citations and selected relevant citations. Data were extracted independently by two authors (P Zhang and WQ Jia). Any disagreements when selecting studies and extracting data were adjudicated the review mentor (KH Yang). RevMan software was used for statistical analysis based an intention-to-treat analysis. Heterogeneity was examined using the I(2) statistic. I(2) estimates greater than 50% were regarded as moderate or high levels. According to the level of heterogeneity, either fixed or random effects models were used. If significant heterogeneity existed and the reasons could not be found, we reported the results qualitatively. MAIN RESULTS We included 2 trials comparing PRO 140 with placebo in adult patients with HIV infection. Our review indicates that PRO 140 may offer significant dose-dependent HIV-1 RNA suppression with tolerable side effects. PRO 140 2mg/Kg, 5 mg/Kg, 162mg weekly, 324 mg biweekly, 324 mg weekly showed statistically significant differences in the changes of HIV RNA level. Both HIV-1 RNA levels of PRO 140 2mg/Kg, 5mg/Kg on day 10 and PRO 140 162mg weekly, 324 mg biweekly, 324 mg weekly on day 22 were significantly reduced. PRO 140 0.5mg/Kg, 2mg/Kg, 5mg/Kg, 162 mg weekly; 324 mg biweekly; 324 mg weekly demonstrated greater antiviral response. Only PRO 140 324 mg weekly showed more patients with ≦400 copies/mL HIV-1 RNA. Only PRO 140 5 mg/Kg showed greater change in CD4(+) cell count on day 8. Headache, lymphadenopathy, diarrhoea, fatigue, and hypertension were reported to be the most frequent adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Limited evidence from two small trials suggests that PRO 140 might demonstrate potent, dose-dependent, highly significant antiviral activity. The evidence is insufficient, so recommendations cannot yet be made. Larger, longer-term, double-blind RCTs are required to provide conclusive evidence.
Lymph node evaluation and survival after curative resection of colon cancer: systematic review.

BACKGROUND Adequate lymph node evaluation for cancer involvement is important for prognosis and treatment of patients with colon cancer. The number of lymph nodes evaluated may be a measure of quality in colon cancer care and appears to be inadequate in most patients treated for colon cancer. We performed a systematic review of the evidence for the association between lymph node evaluation and oncologic outcomes in patients with colon cancer. METHODS Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and the National Guidelines Clearinghouse databases were searched from January 1, 1990, through June 30, 2006, for studies in which survival data as a function of number of lymph nodes evaluated were available. These studies were evaluated for methodologic quality, design, and data source. A total of 61,371 patients were included. RESULTS Seventeen studies from nine countries were eligible for systematic review, including two secondary analyses of multicenter randomized trials of adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer, five population-based observational studies, and 10 single-institution retrospective cohort studies. Despite heterogeneity in methodology and differences in threshold numbers of lymph nodes evaluated (range = 6-40 lymph nodes), 16 of 17 studies reported that increased survival of patients with stage II colon cancer was associated with increased numbers of lymph nodes evaluated. Four of six studies with data from stage III patients also reported a positive association with survival among patients with stage III colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS The number of lymph nodes evaluated after surgical resection was positively associated with survival of patients with stage II and stage III colon cancer. These results support consideration of the number of lymph nodes evaluated as a measure of the quality of colon cancer care.
What is the Internet learning about you while you are learning about the Internet?

Privacy, confidentiality, and security are largely taken for granted in physicians' offices. However, increasingly, physicians and insurance providers will be obtaining and exchanging information through the sophisticated resources available on the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW, or the Web). Some of these resources will maintain the same privacy experienced in the office of a trusted clinician or in the reading room of a great library, but more often than not, while people are learning from the Web, the Web will be learning about them. The author describes a new type of file used by Web browsers (the “cookies” file) that may enable users to browse the Web more efficiently but that may also compromise the user's privacy. He then discusses exactly how abuses might occur if information obtained through cookies files is misused, particularly by health insurance providers. Finally, he considers privacy and confidentiality issues raised by computer-based medical records, and the role of the health care provider in maintaining confidential and helpful doctor-patient relationships in the face of rapid technological change and the pressures of managed care.
Effect of D-glucose or D-ribose on the Turnover of Glucose in Pancreatectomized Dogs Maintained on a Matched Intraportal Infusion of Insulin

It was found previously that in normal dogs D-glucose or D-(-)-ribose decrease the rate of endogenous (hepatic) glucose production. To investigate whether this effect is due to the release of extra insulin only, or to other factors as well, the following experiments were performed: Endogenousinsulin secretion was replaced by intraportal porcine or canine insulin infusion of 200 μU. /kg. /min. in conscious dogs. Such an insulin infusion commenced at time of removal of the remnant pancreatic autograft was able to maintain unchanged the plasma glucose level and the tracer determined glucose production and utilization. Three main conclusions emerged from this study: (1) Since an infusion of D-(-) -ribose did not affect concentration and turnover rates of glucose, it was concluded that ribose affects glucose metabolism only through an increase of the rate of insulin secretion. (2) The endogenous glucose production did not decrease in response to a glucose infusion at two thirds to twice the basal normal glucose production, even when the concentration of glucose in plasma exceeded 200 mg. /100 ml. It is concluded that the release of extra insulin is indispensable for the regulation of glucose production in the normal dog. (3) The utilization of glucose rose in proportion to its concentration in the plasma in the absence of any change in the rate of insulin supply.