Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐22 and intestinal homeostasis: Protective or destructive?

Interleukin (IL)‐22 is a member of IL‐10 family cytokines with various immunologic functions. As its name implies, IL‐22 is known to be secreted mainly by Th22 cells, a recently discovered lineage of CD4+ T cells. Also, Th17, Th1, natural killer cells, γδT cells, and innate immune cells along with some nonlymphoid cells have been confirmed as secondary cellular sources of IL‐22. Different cell types such as bronchial and intestinal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, hepatocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and tubular epithelial cells are affected by IL‐22. Both pathologic and protective roles have been attributed to IL‐22 in maintaining gut homeostasis and inflammation. According to the latest fast‐growing investigations, IL‐22 is significantly involved in various pathologies including allergic diseases, infection, autoimmunity, and cancer development. Regulating gut immune responses, barrier integrity, and inflammation is dependent on a diverse complex of cytokines and mediators which are secreted by mucosal immune cells. Several investigations have been designed to recognize the role of IL‐22 in gastrointestinal immunity. This article tries to discuss the latest knowledge on this issue and clarify the potential of IL‐22 to be used in the future therapeutic approaches of intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer.
Two-Dimensional Plate Theory for the Analysis of Coupling Vibrations in Shear Mode FBARs

The shear mode film bulk acoustic wave resonators (FBARs) have been developed rapidly in recent years due to the increased interest in biosensors. In this article, the mode coupling effects that are unavoidable in real devices are theoretically analyzed and discussed. Mindlin’s approximation method of expanding the displacement fields with power series along the plate thickness direction is employed, and a system of 2-D plate equations is obtained. The accuracy of the plate theory is validated through the comparison of dispersion curves with the results calculated by 3-D exact theory. Free coupling vibrations of the cross-sectional plane of finite-sized shear mode FBAR plates are further studied with the derived 2-D theory. The results in this article show that the presented plate theory is accurate and efficient for the structural analyses of shear mode FBARs. Besides, the selection of aspect ratios can be used to avoid strong mode couplings, which is helpful for device designs.
Structure of the area striata of the cat

The area striata of the cat was thoroughly investigated by Ram6n y Cajal ('22). That study represented the culmination of his long experience in the application of the Golgi method to the analysis of the protoplasmic and axonal plexuses of diverse cortical fields in man, the carnivore and the rodent. In it Cajal recognized the widespread acceptance of the Brodmann ( '06) six layer stratification, which was developed in the interim between his earlier and later communications upon the subject of cortical architecture. He interpolated his observations into the specific adaptation of the Brodmann plan for the area striata. I n 1938 Lorente de N6 gave new emphasis to the Cajal method of analysis by formulating a general structural plan for the sensory cortical fields. This plan embraces Brodmann's six layer stratification and yet is elastic enough to permit its application to the problem of recognizing the homologous elements of like cortical fields in the various mammals. Lorente de N6 ('38) argued that there is a basic architectural arrangement of cortical elements which is recognizable throughout the mammalian species, and that the cortex of the higher mammals differs from that of the lower ones in the multiplication and diversification of the superimposed intercalary circuits. This view offers a new departure in the study of cortical function, for it is evident that if the basic
Antibiotics: A Bibliometric Analysis of Top 100 Classics

Citation frequencies represent the most significant contributions in any respective field. This bibliometric analysis aimed to identify and analyze the 100 most-cited publications in the field of antibiotics and to highlight the trends of research in this field. “All databases” of Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science was used to identify and analyze the 100 publications. The articles were then cross-matched with Scopus and Google Scholar. The frequency of citation ranged from 940 to 11,051 for the Web of Science, 1053 to 10,740 for Scopus, and 1162 to 20,041 for Google Scholar. A total of 513 authors made contributions to the ranked list, and Robert E.W. Hancock contributed in six articles, which made it to the ranked list. Sixty-six scientific contributions originated from the United States of America. Five publications were linked to the University of Manitoba, Canada, that was identified as the educational organization, made the most contributions (n = 5). According to the methodological design, 26 of the most cited works were review-type closely followed by 23 expert opinions/perspectives. Eight articles were published in Nature journal, making it the journal with the most scientific contribution in this field. Correlation analysis between the publication age and citation frequency was found statistically significant (p = 0.012).
A new neuropeptide insect parathyroid hormone iPTH in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum

In the postgenomics era, comparative genomics have advanced the understanding of evolutionary processes of neuropeptidergic signaling systems. The evolutionary origin of many neuropeptidergic signaling systems can be traced date back to early metazoan evolution based on the conserved sequences. Insect parathyroid hormone receptor (iPTHR) was previously described as an ortholog of vertebrate PTHR that has a well-known function in controlling bone remodeling. However, there was no sequence homologous to PTH sequence in insect genomes, leaving the iPTHR as an orphan receptor. Here, we identified the authentic ligand insect PTH (iPTH) for the iPTHR. The taxonomic distribution of iPTHR, which is lacking in Diptera and Lepidoptera, provided a lead for identifying the authentic ligand. We found that a previously described orphan ligand known as PXXXamide (where X is any amino acid) described in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis has a similar taxonomic distribution pattern as iPTHR. Tests of this peptide, iPTH, in functional reporter assays confirmed the interaction of the ligand-receptor pair. Study of a model beetle, Tribolium castaneum, was used to investigate the function of the iPTH signaling system by RNA interference followed by RNA sequencing and phenotyping. The results suggested that the iPTH system is likely involved in the regulation of cuticle formation that culminates with a phenotype of defects in wing exoskeleton maturation at the time of adult eclosion. Moreover, RNAi of iPTHRs also led to significant reductions in egg numbers and hatching rates after parental RNAi.
Robust Estimation of Population Size When Capture Probabilities Vary Among Animals

A model is given for multiple recapture studies on closed populations which allows capture probabilities to vary among individuals. The capture probability of each individual is assumed to be constant over time. Based on this model we give a nonparametric estimation procedure for population size. The estimator involves selecting one of a sequence of estimators which are each linear combinations of the capture frequencies. The individual estimators are derived from the generalized jackknife method. We also give a goodness of fit test for the model's assumption that individual capture probabilities do not change during the study. The robustness of this estimation procedure is investigated with a simulation study. By virtue of this study, and the theoretical nature of the estimator, it is judged to be robust to moderate variations in individual capture probabilities which may occur in commonly used short—term livetrapping studies. See full-text article at JSTOR
Multidisciplinary survey of current and future use of emergency laparotomy risk assessment scores in New Zealand

Risk prediction is an important part of the management of emergency laparotomy (EL) patients. This study aims to investigate the current use of and future directions for EL risk prediction scores. New Zealand members of the Royal Australasian College of Surgery (RACS), Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM) were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. Responses were received from 316 clinicians (45 RACS, 253 ANZCA and 19 CICM), with 73% of them having >10 years’ experience as a consultant. Risk assessment scores were utilised by respondents for approximately 30% of EL cases. The most common EL risk scores used were Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality (P-POSSUM) and American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Programs (ACS-NSQIP). When used, respondents used risk assessment mostly preoperatively (RACS 100%, ANZCA 98% and CICM 78%), although P-POSSUM and ACS-NSQIP scores require intraoperative data (which can only be estimated crudely preoperatively by the clinician). Respondents on average ‘somewhat agreed’ that risk assessment scores should only include preoperative variables. The most common reasons for using P-POSSUM and ACS-NSQIP scores were familiarity and ease of use and availability of online/app calculators. The most important outcomes that the respondents would like to predict were quality of life and 30-day mortality rather than long-term impact from EL. These findings suggest that developing a new score may be required to improve utilisation and help in decision-making. This may require tailoring risk scores specifically for EL, and designing them to predict what is preferred by the clinicians making the decisions.
Early Feeding and Development of the Immune System in Neonatal Poultry

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of early feeding on the development of the immune system in broiler chicks. A hydrated nutritional supplement formulated specifically for the first 2 to 3 days of post-hatch life was provided to the chicks on the day of hatch and the 2 subsequent days. The nutritional content of this supplement was optimized to achieve maximum performance at 6 wk following ad libitum consumption of starter feed and water. Control hatchlings received neither feed nor water. After the initial treatment, all birds were fed the same corn-soy diet ad libitum. Immune development was assessed by measuring bursa weight, biliary immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, appearance of germinal centers in the cecal tonsils, and resistance to an oral challenge with coccidial oocysts. Data indicate that provision of the optimum balance of nutrients immediately after hatch result in heavier bursa weights, earlier appearance of biliary IgA and germinal centers, and an improved resistance to disease challenge.
Ischemic Heart Disease and Heart Failure: Role of Coronary Ion Channels

Heart failure is a complex syndrome responsible for high rates of death and hospitalization. Ischemic heart disease is one of the most frequent causes of heart failure and it is normally attributed to coronary artery disease, defined by the presence of one or more obstructive plaques, which determine a reduced coronary blood flow, causing myocardial ischemia and consequent heart failure. However, coronary obstruction is only an element of a complex pathophysiological process that leads to myocardial ischemia. In the literature, attention paid to the role of microcirculation, in the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease and heart failure, is growing. Coronary microvascular dysfunction determines an inability of coronary circulation to satisfy myocardial metabolic demands, due to the imbalance of coronary blood flow regulatory mechanisms, including ion channels, leading to the development of hypoxia, fibrosis and tissue death, which may determine a loss of myocardial function, even beyond the presence of atherosclerotic epicardial plaques. For this reason, ion channels may represent the link among coronary microvascular dysfunction, ischemic heart disease and consequent heart failure.
Precision Medicine for NSCLC in the Era of Immunotherapy: New Biomarkers to Select the Most Suitable Treatment or the Most Suitable Patient

In recent years, the evolution of treatments has made it possible to significantly improve the outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In particular, while molecular targeted therapies are effective in specific patient sub-groups, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have greatly influenced the outcomes of a large proportion of NSCLC patients. While nivolumab activity was initially assessed irrespective of predictive biomarkers, subsequent pivotal studies involving other PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in pre-treated advanced NSCLC (atezolizumab within the OAK study and pembrolizumab in the Keynote 010 study) reported the first correlations between clinical outcomes and PD-L1 expression. However, PD-L1 could not be sufficient on its own to select patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. Many studies have tried to discover more precise markers that are derived from tumor tissue or from peripheral blood. This review aims to analyze any characteristics of the immunogram that could be used as a predictive biomarker for response to ICIs. Furthermore, we describe the most important genetic alteration that might predict the activity of immunotherapy.
Establishment of authentic HCV replication systems for drug screening

Abstract Although the interferon‐based therapeutics for chronic hepatitis C has improved remarkably over the decades, in some groups of patients the current therapeutic efficacy is far from satisfactory. Although new therapeutics is vigorously sought, the lack of appropriate cell culture systems and small animal models greatly hindered the progress of drug development. By introducing a selection marker into the HCV subgenomes, several successful replicon constructs were established. HCV replicons harboring adaptive mutations confer markedly increased efficiencies of replication. Furthermore, Huh‐7 cells carrying replicon that contained the whole genome were established but these cells were unable to secrete infectious viral particles. By use of SCID mice carrying a plasmogen activator transgene, an animal model carrying a chimeric human liver was established. These mice are permissive for HCV infection and the viral passages can be achieved successfully. However, the accessibility of this system is limited. By use of a molecular screening strategy, a hepatic factor, Sip‐L, is found to be capable of supporting HCV replication in an otherwise non‐permissive cell line. Potentially, this factor may be used to promote the infectivity and replication in other known permissive cell lines. An ex vivo assay using human liver biopsy slices has been established. This method can be used to test new anti‐HCV agents. In conclusion, although much progress has been made, culture cells permissive for highly efficient HCV infection are still lacking. An easily accessible small animal model is still in need. Much effort is still needed to establish an efficient and easily accessible authentic HCV replication system.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Muscle Glycogen in Jingxing Yellow Chicken

Glucose metabolism plays an important role in many normal and pathological physiological processes in the body. The breakdown and synthesis of muscle glycogen provides ATP for muscle activities. A genome-wide association study for muscle glycogen was performed in 474 Jingxing yellow chickens to identify significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions and deletions (INDELs) involved in muscle glycogen metabolism. A total of nine SNPs (p < 1/699341) and three INDELs (p < 1/755733) reached a significant level of potential association. The following results were obtained through a series of analyses, including additive effects and gene function annotation. Two significant SNPs were found in introns 12 and 13 of copine 4 (CPNE4) on chromosome 2. The wild-type and mutant individuals had significant differences in glycogen metabolism at two loci (p < 0.01 for both). Individuals carrying two mutations had increased muscle glycogen content. According to the gene annotation of chromosome 11, there is a significant INDEL in intron 6 of naked cuticle homolog 1 (NKD1). After the INDEL mutation, the glycogen content increased significantly. There was a significant difference between wild-type and mutant individuals (p < 0.01). These mutations likely affecting two genes (CPNE4 and NKD1) may affect glycogen storage in a pleiotropic manner. Gene annotation indicates that CPNE4 and NKD1 may affect the process of glucose metabolism. Our findings contribute to understanding the genetic regulation of muscle glycogen metabolism and provide theoretical support.
Food Advertising to Children in New Zealand: A Critical Review of the Performance of a Self-Regulatory Complaints System Using a Public Health Law Framework

New Zealand has the second highest overweight and obese child population in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). This paper evaluates whether New Zealand’s self-regulatory controls on the advertising of unhealthy food and beverages to children and young people adequately protects children from the exposure to, and power of, such marketing in order to limit its impact on children’s food and beverage preferences. First, an analysis of the relevant New Zealand Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) Codes was conducted, including the ASA Complaints Board and Appeals Board decisions from 2017–2019 to determine the application of the Codes in practice. Second, a public health law framework was applied to the self-regulatory system. Of the 16 complaints assessed, 12 were not upheld, and only one was upheld under the Children and Young People’s Advertising Code (CYPA Code). Three complaints were upheld under the Advertising Standards Code (ASC) but not the CYPA Code. An analysis of the Codes and their interpretation by the Complaints Board found that many facets of the public health law framework were not met. The self-regulatory system does not adequately protect children from the exposure to, and power of, unhealthy food and beverage marketing, and government-led, comprehensive, and enforceable marketing restrictions are required.
Refined Global Analysis of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodoidea: Aleyrodidae) Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase 1 to Identify Species Level Genetic Boundaries

ABSTRACT Identifying species boundaries within morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species complexes is often contentious. For the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodoidea: Aleyrodidae), the lack of a clear understanding about the genetic limits of the numerous genetic groups and biotypes so far identified has resulted in a lack of consistency in the application of the terms, the approaches used to apply them and in our understanding of what genetic structure within B. tabaci means. Our response has been to use mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase one to consider how to clearly and consistently define genetic separation. Using Bayesian phylogenetic analysis and analysis of sequence pairwise divergence we found a considerably higher number of genetic groups than had been previously determined with two breaks in the distribution, one at 11% and another at 3.5%. At >11% divergence, 11 distinct groups were resolved, whereas at >3.5% divergence 24 groups were identified. Consensus sequences for each of these groups were determined and were shown to be useful in the correct assignment of sequences of unknown origin. The 3.5% divergence bound is consistent with species level separations in other insect taxa and suggests that B. tabaci is a cryptic species composed of at least 24 distinct species. We further show that the placement of Bemesia atriplex (Froggatt) within the B. tabaci in group adds further weight to the argument for species level separation within B. tabaci. This new analysis, which constructs consensus sequences and uses these as a standard against which unknown sequences can be compared, provides for the first time a consistent means of identifying the genetic bounds of each species with a high degree of certainty.
Compact and Low-Profile UWB Antenna Based on Graphene-Assembled Films for Wearable Applications

In this article, a graphene-assembled film (GAF)-based compact and low-profile ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) antenna is presented and tested for wearable applications. The highly conductive GAFs (~106 S/m) together with the flexible ceramic substrate ensure the flexibility and robustness of the antenna, which are two main challenges in designing wearable antennas. Two H-shaped slots are introduced on a coplanar-waveguide (CPW) feeding structure to adjust the current distribution and thus improve the antenna bandwidth. The compact GAF antenna with dimensions of 32 × 52 × 0.28 mm3 provides an impedance bandwidth of 60% (4.3–8.0 GHz) in simulation. The UWB characteristics are further confirmed by on-body measurements and show a bending insensitive bandwidth of ~67% (4.1–8.0 GHz), with the maximum gain at 7.45 GHz being 3.9 dBi and 4.1 dBi in its flat state and bent state, respectively. Our results suggest that the proposed antenna functions properly in close proximity to a human body and can sustain repetitive bending, which make it well suited for applications in wearable devices.
Revision of the Genus Sitona (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of North America

North American species of Sitona Germar are reviewed. Eleven species, five introduced from Europe, are recognized. Sitona lineellus (Bonsdorff) is established as the correct name for the widely recognized S. scissifrons Say. Three new species are described: S. desertus and S. tanneri from southern California and S. aquilonius from northern Canada. New synonymies are S. ordinarius Fahraeus, S. occidentalis Casey, S. bryanti Tanner (= S. californius Fahraeus); S. procerus Casey (= S. cylindricollis Fahraeus); and S. margaritosus Casey, S. eximius Casey, S. montanus Casey, S. alternans Casey, S. osculans Casey, S. sparsus Casey (= S. vittatus LeConte). Lectotypes are designated for S. extrusus Casey, S. hispidiceps Casey, S. margaritosus Casey, S. eximius Casey, S. montanus Casey, and S. osculans Casey. All species are described and keyed. Distribution maps are given for more common, widely distributed species. Photographs of elytral vestiture and drawings of the female 8th sternite and the apex of the aedeagus are given for each species. Habitus illustrations are given for S. flavescens, S. hispidulus , and S. californius .
Layer Deﬁnition and Discovery in Multilayer Network Datasets

The real world systems modelled by multilayer networks are frequently characterised by a high level of complexity. Understanding the most suitable definition of layer that can help a user is a significant challenge. Due to the scale of many datasets, even finding the entities and relationships that are of interest to the user is difficult. In this work we describe the issues with working with large multilayer data sources, based on the development of a multilayer network visualization prototype. We present an in-progress prototype and discuss future research directions for creating multilayer networks visualization of data extracted from massive sources.