Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arquitetura foliar de Odontonema strictum (Nees) O. Kuntze (Acanthaceae) em duas condições de luminosidade

Leaf architecture of Odontonema strictum (Nees) O. Kuntze (Acanthaceae) in two light conditions). This study investigated the morphological characteristics that infl uence the foliar architecture of Odontonema strictum, under two light conditions. Branches of 15 individuals from high and low light were collected at the "Centro Politecnico" of the Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR. Leaf angle, leaf area, dried mass, lamina thickness, foliar density, length, diameter, dried mass and volume of the petiole were analyzed. Mean length of the internodes and petioles were greater in low light condition while the remaining traits showed statistically greater mean values in high light condition. The morphological variations observed for O. strictum did not agree with the data described in other studies, under the same conditions. The morphological adjustments and their combined action seem to be determinant of the best leaf architecture pattern on a given light condition, allowing the species expand the exploitation of niches with more resources, especially those with heterogeneous environments related to light conditions.
Full-Scale Distribution System Topology Identification Using Markov Random Field

The identification of the distribution system topology is the key concern in distribution system state estimation and the precondition for its energy management. However, lacking sufficient measurement devices, full-scale identification of entire distribution grid can hardly be achievable in practice. The frequent topology changes in distribution systems impose challenges for topology identification. This paper proposes a novel topology identification method by deeply mining the data obtained from gird terminals and smart meters at end-users premises. The proposed method starts with data processing, followed by nodal correlation analysis and topology modeling based on the Markov Random Field (MRF) method, where the pseudo-likelihood method and L2 regularization theory are introduced to improve the computation efficiency while preventing the over-fitting problem. Then the iterative screening method is developed to generate the distribution system topology of medium/low-voltage distribution systems. Finally, the incremental learning and parallel programming models are proposed to implement the algorithms on single/multi-terminal. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated on IEEE 33-node, IEEE 123-node and actual distribution systems.
Phytophthora infestans in a subtropical region: survival on tomato debris, temporal dynamics of airborne sporangia and alternative hosts

Little is known about inoculum dynamics of late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans in tropical/subtropical areas, particularly in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were to assess (i) the survival of the pathogen on stems, leaflets and tomato fruits, either buried or not in soil; (ii) the pathogenicity of P . infestans to mostly solanaceous plant species commonly found in Brazil that could act as inoculum reservoir; and (iii) the temporal dynamics of airborne sporangia. Phytophthora infestans survived in tomato plant parts for less than 36 days under greenhouse and field conditions. In greenhouse tests, pathogen structures were detected earlier on crop debris kept in dry than in wet soil conditions. Isolates of two clonal lineages of P. infestans , US-1 from tomato, and BR-1 from potato, were inoculated on 43 plant species. In addition to potato and tomato, Petunia × hybrida and Nicotiana benthamiana were susceptible to the pathogen. Airborne inoculum was monitored with Rotorod and Burkard spore traps as well as with tomato and potato trap plants. Sporangia were sampled in most weeks throughout 2004 and in the first two weeks of 2005. Under tropical/subtropical conditions, airborne inoculum is abundant and is more important to late blight epidemics than inoculum from crop debris or alternative hosts.
Movement patterns of lacertid lizards: effects of temperature on speed, pauses and gait in Lacerta vivipara

Lacerta vivipara emerging from their overnight retreat before they had the opportunity to thermorcgulate moved with an alternation of locomotor bursts and pauses. Mean speed during bursts of locomotion fell with decreasing temperature from 3.21 snout-vent lengths (SVL) s -1 at the activity temperature (T act ∼ 33°C) to 0.15 SVL s -1 at 5°C. Between T act and 19°C the reduction was small (Q 10 = 1.12) and statistically not significant; between 19°C and 5°C the change was very much greater (Q 10 = 7.7). The pauses between locomotor bursts increased progressively in duration over the whole range of decreasing temperatures from T act to 5°C, although the change from T act to 23°C was not significant. Gait changed progressively from almost simultaneous movement of contralateral diagonal limbs at T act to independent movement of limbs in the sequence LF, RH, RF, LH at 7°C, with increases in the mean duty factor of individual feet from 0.50 to 0.76 and in the proportion of time for which 3 or 4 feet were in simultaneous contact with the ground from 0 to 0.92.
Avaliação da concentração de proteínas e da atividade de α-galactosidases nos cotilédones e no eixo embrionário de sementes de Dalbergia nigra durante a germinação

This work aimed to quantify the protein content and the α-galactosidase activity in the embryonic axis and in the cotyledons of Dalbergia nigra seeds during the imbibition period. The seeds were submitted to water imbibition during seven days. Biochemical and kinetic characterization of the enzyme were done from samples taken during the imbibition period. The activity of the α-galactosidase increased in the two compartments with the soaking of the seeds, although, the enzyme activity was not detected in the embryonic axis of dry seeds. The difference in the activity of the enzyme between cotyledons and embryonic axis was significant. The pH of maximum activity was 5.5 for the enzyme of both compartments. In the cotyledons the higher activity of the enzyme was obtained at 50 oC. In the embryonic axis the activity was higher at temperatures ranging from 50 to 60 oC. The activity of the α-galactosidase was inhibited by β-mercaptoethanol and CuSO4 in both compartments, while lactose and sodium chloride stimulated the activity in the cotyledons and in the embryonic axis. The values of KM for the enzymes of the embryonic axis and cotyledons were respectively 0.239 and 0.228 mM.
The Lifecycle of the Plant Immune System

Abstract Throughout their life span, plants confront an endless barrage of pathogens and pests. To successfully defend against biotic threats, plants have evolved a complex immune system responsible for surveillance, perception, and the activation of defense. Plant immunity requires multiple signaling processes, the outcome of which vary according to the lifestyle of the invading pathogen(s). In short, these processes require the activation of host perception, the regulation of numerous signaling cascades, and transcriptome reprograming, all of which are highly dynamic in terms of temporal and spatial scales. At the same time, the development of a single immune event is subjective to the development of plant immune system, which is co-regulated by numerous processes, including plant ontogenesis and the host microbiome. In total, insight into each of these processes provides a fuller understanding of the mechanisms that govern plant-pathogen interactions. In this review, we will discuss the “lifecycle” of plant immunity: the development of individual events of defense, including both local and distal processes, as well as the development and regulation of the overall immune system by ontogenesis regulatory genes and environmental microbiota. In total, we will integrate the output of recent discoveries and theories, together with several hypothetical models, to present a dynamic portrait of plant immunity.
Long-Term Storage of Fish Oil Fatty Acids in the Liver, Not Adipose Tissue, in Humans

This study examined fish oil storage using samples from 7 autopsied patients. Four of these seven patients had been under intravenous alimentation for more than 2 months without supplementation of fish oils. Both subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues were rich in n-9 and n-6 fatty acids but poor in the n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. In contrast, fish oil fatty acids were abundant in liver lipids, especially in phospholipids. The absolute amounts of EPA and DHA in total lipids were calculated based on the actual weighed liver and on the estimated total adipose tissue mass. The mean liver EPA and DHA contents were 2.59 and 9.65g, respectively, whereas mean adipose tissue EPA was 0.89g and DHA 2.90g. Thus the absolute fish oil fatty acid content in liver was about 3 times greater than that in the adipose tissue mass. Gas liquid chromatographic chemical-ionization mass spectrometry clearly identified the fish oil fatty acids from the autopsied patients as being the same as authentic standards purified from fish. These findings provide evidence that ingested fish oils are stored in the human liver for more than 2 months.
POSSIBLE OSCILLATORY BEHAVIOR IN P53–MDM2 INTERACTION COMPUTER SIMULATION

Specific activator and repressor transcription factors, which bind to specific regulator DNA sequences, play an important role in gene activity control. Interactions between genes coding such transcription factors should explain the different stable or, sometimes, oscillatory gene activities characteristic for different tissues. A set of models has been built for several systems with interconnected genes and the results of the simulations performed for the p53–mdm2 are here presented and discussed.
Interphase Nuclear Structure and Heterochromatin in Two Species of Corchorus and Their F1 Hybrid

Interphase nuclear structure and heterochromatin were studied in Corchorus olitorius, Corchorus capsularis and their F1 hybrid by HCl-Giemsa and BSG-technique. Nuclear structure was chromocentric in both the parents and the hybrid. Chromocentre numbers in two species of Corchorus and their hybrid were more or less same, which were, however, found to reduce than the expected number of 14. Heterochromatin values yielded by HCl-Giemsa technique were slightly higher than those yielded by BSG treatment. The percentage of heterochromatin in F1 was found to be closer to the male parent. DNA contents were also estimated in both the parents and their hybrid but the relationship between DNA contents and heterochromatin value was not clear.
Effect of defocusing distance on laser powder bed fusion of high strength Al–Cu–Mg–Mn alloy

ABSTRACT The influence of the defocusing distance on melt pool morphology, defect, microstructure and mechanical properties of the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of high strength Al–Cu–Mg–Mn alloy was studied. It is found that because of the different laser energy distribution, the defocusing distance has significant effects on melt pool morphology, defects, microstructure and mechanical properties of the L-PBF parts using same process parameters and laser spot size. When defocusing distance in the range of −3.0 to 0 mm, specimens with cracks, fine grains and keyhole or transition melt mode are obtained. When defocusing distance is positive or −3.0 mm, specimens with no cracks, columnar grains and conduction mode are obtained. The best mechanical properties are obtained when defocusing distance is 1.0 mm in this experiment. This paper provides a novel method for tailoring the microstructure and mechanical properties of L-PBF parts.
Phylogeny of snapdragon species (Antirrhinum; Scrophulariaceae) using non-coding cpDNA sequences

Antirrhinum is an Old World genus of up to 25 perennial taxa, mainly located in the western Mediterranean basin. A molecular analysis of 24 taxa of Antirrhinum was undertaken using cpDNA sequences from the trnT (UGU)-trnL (UAA) 5' exon region. The Kimura two-parameter model was chosen to calculate pairwise nucleotide divergence values between cpDNA sequences, and a bootstrapped neighbor-joining dendrogram was constructed from the nucleotide divergence distance matrix. Eighteen sites were variable across the studied samples and the position of 7 indels, ranging from 1 to 7 bp, was inferred from the sequence alignment. Several trnT-trnL sequences are identical in: some members of subsection Kickxiella (A. subbaeticum, A. valentinum, A. mollisimum, A. charidemi, and A. hispanicum); subsection Antirrhinum (A. australe, A. graniticum, and three subspecies of A. majus); and some species from subsection Kickxiella (A. lopesianum and A. molle) together with subsection Streptosepalum (A. braunblanquetii). Few supp.
Irreversible Qubit-Photon Coupling for the Detection of Itinerant Microwave Photons

Single photon detection is a key resource for sensing at the quantum limit and the enabling technology for measurement based quantum computing. Photon detection at optical frequencies relies on irreversible photo-assisted ionization of various natural materials. However, microwave photons have energies 5 orders of magnitude lower than optical photons, and are therefore ineffective at triggering measurable phenomena at macroscopic scales. Here, we report the observation of a new type of interaction between a single two level system (qubit) and a microwave resonator. These two quantum systems do not interact coherently, instead, they share a common dissipative mechanism to a cold bath: the qubit irreversibly switches to its excited state if and only if a photon enters the resonator. We have used this highly correlated dissipation mechanism to detect itinerant photons impinging on the resonator. This scheme does not require any prior knowledge of the photon waveform nor its arrival time, and dominant decoherence mechanisms do not trigger spurious detection events (dark counts). We demonstrate a detection efficiency of 58% and a record low dark count rate of 1.4 per ms. This work establishes engineered non-linear dissipation as a key-enabling resource for a new class of low-noise non-linear microwave detectors.
Effects of radiation on the fertility of the Ethiopian fruit fly, Dacus ciliatus

The Ethiopian fruit fly, Dacus ciliatus (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a significant pest of cucurbit crops in Asia and Africa and is currently controlled with insecticides. The sterilizing effect of gamma radiation on D. ciliatus adults was investigated to assess the suitability of sterile insect technique (SIT) for use as an alternative, non‐chemical strategy for the control of this pest. Late pupae (48 h before emergence) were irradiated with 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 Gy of gamma rays emitted by a 60Co source. Following emergence, the biological characteristics of the experimental cohorts (including all possible male‐female combinations of irradiated and untreated flies) were recorded. No significant negative effects of irradiation on pupal eclosion or the ability of newly emerged flies to fly were observed. Samples of eggs at reproductive fly‐ages (12‐, 15‐, and 17‐day‐old pairs) were collected and their hatch rates were assessed. At 60 Gy, females were completely sterilized, whereas complete sterilization of the males was observed only at 140 Gy (a small amount of fertility persisted even at 120 Gy). In addition to the above experiments, three fruit infestation trials were conducted with zucchini [Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucurbitaceae)] as the plant host and the pupae produced in those trials were collected and recorded. We observed significant (ca. 10%) infestation following treatment with up to 120 Gy and zero progeny only at 140 Gy, mirroring the egg‐hatch results. Our findings support the feasibility of SIT for the control of D. ciliatus.
Planktonic bloom-forming Cyanobacteria and the eutrophication of lakes and rivers

SUMMARY. 1. Eutrophication of water bodies involves the enrichment of plant nutrients, often followed by significant shifts in the phytoplankton towards Cyanobacteria. When comparing different aquatic systems, even with similar nutrient contents and in the same climatic region, inverse deductions are not valid; i.e. (a) the presence of Cyanobacteria does not necessarily indicate eutrophic conditions, or (b) eutrophic or even poly-trophic conditions do not necessarily support cyanobacterial development. 2. Above a threshold of 10 μg 1−1 total phosphorus, the development of Cyanobacteria can be described by physical factors, such as water column stability. By characterizing different forms of turbulence, the presence or absence of Cyanobacteria in lakes and rivers can be predicted. 3.When the turbulence of the water column is rather low, as it is in sheltered or meromictic lakes, Cyanobacteria can build up dense populations. In nutrient poor systems, species of Oscillatoria and (seldom) Aphanizomenon are dominating. 4.If the turbulence of the water column is high (mixing depth much greater than euphotic depth) or the mixing pattern is irregular, as in slowly flowing or regulated rivers, Cyanobacteria are outcompeted. 5. In the presence of frequent or permanent turbulence, but with mixing depths lower or not much greater than the euphotic zone (as it is the case in shallow, unstratified lakes, mostly eutrophic or even hypertrophic), Cyanobacteria can outgrow normally dominant r-strategists under conditions of low N:P ratios, high water temperatures, pH >9.0 or low light availabilities. 6. If turbulence is comparatively great (10 to $15 m) and stable for a longer period of time, some cyanobacteria are able to adapt. 7. Our statements are discussed on the basis of physiological characteristics.
Energy-Efficient Low-Latency Signed Multiplier for FPGA-Based Hardware Accelerators

Multiplication is one of the most extensively used arithmetic operations in a wide range of applications, such as multimedia processing and artificial neural networks. For such applications, multiplier is one of the major contributors to energy consumption, critical path delay, and resource utilization. These effects get more pronounced in field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based designs. However, most of the state-of-the-art designs are done for ASIC-based systems. Furthermore, a few field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based designs that exist are largely limited to unsigned numbers, which require extra circuits to support signed operations. To overcome these limitations for the FPGA-based implementations of applications utilizing signed numbers, this letter presents an area-optimized, low-latency, and energy-efficient architecture for an accurate signed multiplier. Compared to the Vivado area-optimized multiplier IP, our implementations offer up to 40.0%, 43.0%, and 70.0% reduction in terms of area, latency, and energy, respectively. The RTL implementations of our designs will be released as an open-source library at https://cfaed.tu-dresden.de/pd-downloads.
CNN Based Fault Recognition with Multi-Scale Fusion Attention Mechanism

In geological exploration, seismic data interpretation is very important and its key task is fault detection or recognition. In fact, the accurate recognition of fault shape and distribution plays an important role in oil and gas exploration. With the increasing demand of fault interpretation accuracy in oilfield, traditional manual fault interpretation methods are susceptible to subjective factors of interpreters. With the rapid development of deep learning technique, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has successfully applied to the complicated tasks of image classification. This paper utilizes proposes a CNN based fault recognition framework with a multi-scale fusion attention mechanism. It is demonstrated by the experimental results that our proposed approach is superior to the traditional methods on both the fault interpretation accuracy and efficiency of 3D seismic images, greatly reducing the risk of oil and gas exploration and development. With a GeForce GTX 1080 GPU, the training processing takes about 4 hours and predicts the faults in a 33×33×33 seismic volume using only tens of milliseconds.
Data-driven vibration-based bearing fault diagnosis using non-steady-state training data

Abstract. This paper presents the extension of an empirical study in which a universally applicable fault diagnosis method is used to analyse vibration data of bearings measured with accelerometers. The motivation for extending the previously published results was to provide a profound analysis of the proposed approach with regard to a more feasible training scenario for real applications. For a detailed assessment of the method, data were acquired on two different test beds: a gearbox test bed equipped with various bearings at different health states and an accelerated lifetime (ALT) test bed to degrade a bearing and introduce an operational fault. Features were extracted from the raw data of two different accelerometers and used to monitor the actual health state of the bearings. For that purpose, feature selection and classifier training are performed in a supervised-learning approach. The accuracy is estimated using an independent test dataset. The results of the gearbox test bed data show that the training of the method can be performed with non-steady-state data and that the same feature set can be used for different revolution speeds if a small decrease in accuracy is acceptable. The results of the ALT test bed show that the same features that were identified in the gearbox test start to change significantly when the bearing starts to degrade. Thus, it is possible to observe the identified features for applying predictive maintenance.