Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased Production and Extraction Efficiency of Triacylglycerides from Microorganisms and an Enhanced Understanding of the Pathways Involved in the Production of Triacylglycerides and Fatty Alcohols

Increased Production and Extraction Efficiency of Triacylglycerides from Microorganisms and an Enhanced Understanding of the Pathways Involved in the Production of Triacylglycerides and Fatty Alcohols by Robert M. Willis, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2013 Major Professor: Dr. Lance C. Seefeldt Department: Chemistry and Biochemistry The continued increase in the demand for fossil fuels combined with their ever dwindling supply has prompted the search for a suitable alternative fuel. The research contained within this dissertation seeks to increase the lipid content of cellular feedstocks, improve extraction efficiencies of lipids, and understand the pathways involved in the production of fatty alcohols and triacylglycerides from microbial feedstocks. As part of this research the diatom, Cheatoceros gracilis, was grown at small and large scale to determine optimal growing conditions. No apparent nutrient stress trigger was required to initiate the accumulation of the biodiesel precursor triacylglyceride, unlike other documented algal strains. A follow-up to this project demonstrated that the microalga C. gracilis may utilize light intensity as a trigger for lipid production.
The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout

PrefaceAcknowledgments1. Introduction2. Homeward Migration of Adults on the Open Ocean3. Migrations in Coastal and Estuarine Waters4. Upriver Migration and Energetics5. Homing and Patterns of Straying6. Mating System and Reproductive Success7. The Ecology of Dead Salmon8. Incubation Rate and Mortality of Embryos9. Alevin Movements, Emergence, and Fry Migrations10. Sockeye Salmon and Trout in Lakes11. Juvenile Salmonids in Streams12. Downstream Migration: To Sea or Not to Sea? 13. Estuarine Residence and Migration14. Marine Migration Patterns15. Survival in the Marine Environment16. Feeding and Growth at Sea17. Age and Size at Maturity18. The Evolution and Structure of Salmon Populations19. The Abundance and Diversity of Pacific Salmon: Past, Present, and FutureReferences CitedIndex
Análisis genómico-funcional de la embriología de Rhodnius prolixus (Ståhl, 1859) (Hemíptera, Reduviidae)

VII Abreviaciones VIII 1 Introduccion general 1 1.1 Los triatominos 1 1.2 Genomica de insectos 2 1.3 Biologia del desarrollo 3 1.3.1 Componentes comunes en el desarrollo embrionario del reino animal. 3 1.3. 2 Desarrollo embrionario de Rhodnius prolixus 4 1.3. 3 Mecanismos de segmentacion 6 1.4 Objetivos 9 2 Materiales y Metodos 10 2.1 Colonia de R. prolixus 10 2.2 Genoteca de ADNc normalizada de R. prolixus. 10 2.2.1 Extraccion de ARN total 10 2.2.2 Produccion de ADNc. 11 2.2.3 Normalizacion de la genoteca de ADNc. 13 2.2.4 Fraccionamiento y clonado 15 2.3 Busqueda de genes de segmentacion 16 2.3.1 Busqueda bioinformatica 16 2.3. 2 Analisis de secuencias. 17 2.3. 3 Validacion de las predicciones por PCR y clonado 18 2.4 Tecnicas embriologicas 19 2.4. 1 Colecta de embriones, diseccion y extraccion de ovariolas. 19 2.4. 2 Hidridacion in situ 19 2.4. 2.1 Sintesis de las sondas de ARN. 20 2.4. 2.2 Tincion de embriones y ovariolas con sondas marcadas con Dig. 20 2.4. 3 ARNi parental. 22 3 Genoteca de ESTs normalizada de R. prolixus. 23 3.1 Introduccion 23 3.1.1 Estrategias y metodos de secuenciacion. 23 3.1.2 Busqueda de similitud y homologia de secuencia 25
CLONING AND TRANSFORMATION OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN(HBsAg) GENE TO TOMATO (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill.)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most serious infectious diseases among human races worldwide. It is estimated that nearly 5% of world population are chronic carriers of HBV. Derivation of the hepatitis B vaccines from yeast and mammalian cells are tedious and expensive, so it can limit the use of these vaccines in developing countries. Biological studies have revealed information that plants are known to act as bioreactors that might successfully be able to offer economical ways for the production and boosting of recombinant proteins. Production of vaccines via plant expression system seems to be effective and promising process which can help to mitigate laborious and cost effects. In this study the appropriate primers were designed concerning highly plant expression sequence at the both sides of HBsAg gene and adequate restriction sites. HBsAg gene was cloned in a plant expression vector; pCAMBIA1304, to deploy constructs which they then were introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 using freeze-thaw procedure and leaf disk technique for transforming into cotyledonary explants of tomato. Transgenic lines were screened and regenerated from selection media containing cephotaxim and hygromycin and CTAB method used to isolated genomic DNA of the transgenic plant. The use of PCR technique and sequencing at the further examination could detect and made a proof of the presence of HBsAg gene in the transgenic plant.
In vitro and Animal Models for Antiviral Therapy in Papillomavirus Infections

The need for antiviral therapies for papillomavirus infections is well recognized but the difficulties of reproducing the infectious cycle of papillomaviruses in vitro has hindered our understanding of virus-cell interactions and the regulation of viral gene expression during permissive growth. Recent advances in understanding the temporal expression and function of papillomavirus proteins has enabled consideration of a targeted approach to papillomavirus chemotherapy and in particular the inhibition of viral replication by targeting the E1 and E2 proteins. There are in vitro culture systems available for the screening of new chemotherapeutic agents, since significant advances have been made with culture systems which promote epithelial differentiation in vitro. However, to date, there are no published data which show that virions generated in vitro can infect keratinocytes and initiate another round of replication in vitro. In vivo animal models are therefore necessary to assess the efficacy of antivirals in preventing and treating viral infection, particularly for the low-risk genital viruses which are on the whole refractory to culture in vitro. Although papillomaviruses affect a wide variety of hosts in a species-specific manner, the animals most useful for modelling papillomavirus infections include the rabbit, ox, mouse, dog, horse, primate and sheep. The ideal animal model should be widely available, easy to house and handle, be large enough to allow for adequate tissue sampling, develop lesions on anatomical sites comparable with those in human diseases and these lesions should be readily accessible for monitoring and ideally should yield large amounts of infectious virus particles for use in both in vivo and in vitro studies. The relative merits of the various papillomavirus animal models available in relation to these criteria are discussed.
Influence of watering on the yield and cracking of cherry, fresh-market and processing tomatoes

Summary This two-year study (1994–95) analyses the effects of different irrigation treatments (using a drip irrigation system and furrow irrigation) and the subsequent varying degrees of soil water tension on both the productive response of tomato and the appearance of fruit cracking. Three cultivars were tested in these experiments: Evita 52®, a cherry tomato, Aguilas®, a fresh-market tomato and Guay®, a processing tomato. The fresh-market cultivar and that of the cherry type were grown in greenhouses using a drip irrigation system. The processing cultivar was grown under a floating cover with furrow irrigation. The irrigation treatments for both years were based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and their values were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ETc for the first year, and 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 ETc for the second year for the cultivars tested in greenhouses with the drip irrigation system. The cultivar grown outdoors received furrow irrigation with the values 0.5 and 1.0 ETc for the first year and 0.4 and 0.8 ETc for the second year. Soil water was measured with tensiometers during the entire treatment period. Higher rates of irrigation increased yields in two of the three cultivars. Longitudinal cracking was the type most frequently observed in these experiments. In both years of the furrow irrigation experiments, the incidence of cracking was high when large fluctuations of the soil matric potential were induced after having maintained high negative values of this parameter during several previous days. In the experiments using drip irrigation, cracking was limited, but increased when high fluctuations in the soil matric potential were induced after having maintained high negative values of matric potential for several previous days, as was the case with furrow irrigation. Differences in cultivar susceptibility to fruit cracking were detected in the experiments. More cracking occurred during periods of higher temperatures.
Recherche et étude des locus contrôlant les caractères à déterminisme génétique complexe (QTL) du palmier a huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. ), par cartographie génétique multiparentale

Une recherche multiparentale de QTL agronomiques a ete realisee etape par etape chez le palmier a huile (E. Guineensis Jacq. ), de la production des marqueurs moleculaires a l’identification des QTL, en vue d’une amelioration genetique de la plante. Un nombre total de 390 marqueurs microsatellite (SSR) a ete developpe chez le palmier a huile. Le polymorphisme SSR a ete caracterise sur l’espece E. Guineensis, mais egalement chez l’espece proche E. Oleifera vers laquelle une transferabilite optimale des marqueurs a ete observee, ainsi que chez 16 autres especes de Palmae dont le cocotier (C. Nucifera). Vingt-six caracteres phenotypiques quantitatifs ont ete etudies au travers d’un plan de croisement de type factoriel complet 2 x 2 impliquant 4 parents issus de 3 fonds genetiques Deli, La Me et Yangambi. Une carte genetique de reference a ete elaboree sur un croisement LM2T x DA10D du plan factoriel, a l’aide de 944 locus (255 SSR, 688 AFLP, locus Sh) distribues sur 16 groupes de liaison correspondant aux 16 paires de chromosomes de la plante. Cette carte de 1735 cM a permis d’echantillonner 253 locus SSR a l’aide desquels une carte genetique consensus du plan factoriel a ete construite. En outre, 2 marqueurs AFLP ont ete identifies a 7 cM et a 11 cM du gene Sh gouvernant le type varietal du fruit chez le palmier a huile, par une analyse de segregation en melange et par cartographie genetique. Un ensemble de 71 QTL de caracteres vegetatifs et de production ont ete identifies sur le plan factoriel 2 x 2, par une analyse CIM a l’aide de 3 types de modele lineaire additif de recherche de QTL, grâce a un logiciel pilote MCQTL Outbred mis au point par l’INRA (France) : modeles d’analyse croisement par croisement, multiparental deconnecte ou multiparental connecte. Une validation des QTL identifies et une integration de l’approche multiparentale sont proposees dans le cadre d’un schema general de selection assistee par marqueurs du palmier a huile dans le contexte du genre Elaeis.
Estimating age and gender in instagram using face recognition: advantages, bias and issues.

Estudos em computacao social frequentemente se utilizam de atributos pessoais dos usuarios de servicos on-line a fim de entender melhor o seu comportamento. Como esses atributos sao muitas vezes indisponiveis para pesquisadores e desenvolvedores, esforcos recentes tem se dedicado a estimalos atraves da combinacao de outras fontes de informacao. Alem de oferecer insights sobre como usuarios se relacionam com plataformas online, tais metodologias de estimacao de atributos tambem podem contribuir na compreensao de quao expostas estao as informacoes do usuario a terceiros. Nesta dissertacao eu proponho estudar o uso de tecnologias de reconhecimento facial para a estimacao do genero e da idade dos usuarios de uma rede social online baseada em imagens, o Instagram. Esta abordagem e inspirada pela crescente riqueza de infor- macoes de dados de imagem em redes sociais on-line, bem como os recentes avancos no reconhecimento facial.
Bacterial 16S-rRNA gene clone library from recent ice stalagmites of scărişoara cave.

ALEXANDRA HILLEBRAND-VOICULESCU, ANDREEA RUSU, CORINA IŢCUŞ, AUREL PERŞOIU, TRAIAN BRAD, MĂDĂLINA-DENISA PASCU, IOAN ARDELEAN, BOGDAN P. ONAC, CRISTINA PURCĂREA* 1 “Emil Racoviţă” Institute of Speleology, Bucharest, Romania 2 Institute of Biology Bucharest, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, Bucharest, Romania 3 “Ştefan cel Mare” University, Suceava, Romania 4 “Emil Racoviţă” Institute of Speleology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 5 University of South Florida, Department of Geology, Tampa, USA
Integrated strategy to control wilt disease of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini (Schlecht) Prasad & Patel

Various fungicides, oilcakes and fertilizers were evaluated at Jaipur (Rajasthan) for themanagement of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini.Trimethyl thiuram disulphide (0.1 g g-1 seeds) was the best fungicide which was on par withpropiconazole, carbendazim and copper oxychloride (0.1 g g-1 seeds) for the control of wilt.The disease incidence was minimum under the soil treatment with neem cake (30 q ha-1)which was on par with sesamum cake (25 q ha-1). Among the chemical and non-chemicalmanures, application of NPK @ 40 kg ha-1 was most suitable to control the disease whichwas on par with Azotobacter @ 40 kg ha-1. The disease incidence was also significantly lowerin plants grown in solarized soil. The yield was significantly higher in all treatments ascompared to control. The highest cost : benefit ratio was obtained (1:40) in thiophanatemethyl treatment followed by carbendazim. Among the combined treatments, minimumdisease incidence was recorded with solarized soil + sesamum cake @ 25 q ha-1 + seed treatmentwith carbendazim @ 0.1 g g-1 seeds followed by solarized soil + sesamum cake @ 25 q ha-1 +Azotobacter @ 40 q ha-1. However, the highest cost : benefit ratio (1:10.6) was obtained withsolarized soil + sesamum cake @ 25 q ha-1 + Azotobacter (biofertilizer) @ 40 kg ha-1. Theintegrated treatments recorded the highest grain yield and low disease incidence over controlas compared to individual application.
Análisis crítico del método de riego por goteo en las condiciones del Uruguay

Con este trabajo se busco aportar informacion objetiva sobre la eficiencia y el ahorro de agua del riego localizado para las condiciones de suelos y clima del Uruguay. En cuanto a la eficiencia, se monitoreo semanalmente el contenido de agua del suelo hasta 1 m de profundidad, en un arbol de citrus regado por goteo. Los resultados muestran que, a pesar de ser un verano extremadamente seco, existieron perdidas de agua por percolacion en profundidad. Aunque no se hizo una cuantificacion de esas perdidas, las mismas eran evidentes. En cuanto al ahorro de agua, se simulo con el modelo WinISAREG el balance hidrico de un cultivo de maiz, utilizando una serie climatica de 33 anos con datos diarios de precipitacion y Evapotranspiracion del cultivo de referencia (ETo), regado con riego localizado, (lamina neta, LN 6 mm) y con riego «tradicional» (LN 42 mm). Haciendo un analisis de frecuencia, se encontro que para cubrir las necesidades en el 50 % de los anos, el metodo «tradicional» requirio 388 mm de riego en la temporada, mientras que el localizado requirio 545 mm (40 % mas). Por cada milimetro de lluvia adicional en la temporada, la necesidad de riego «tradicional» se reduce en 0,44 mm, mientras que en el caso del riego localizado esta reduccion es de solo 0,33 mm. Tambien se presentan datos primarios de compactacion debido al riego por goteo, aumentando la densidad aparente de 1.19 a 1.30 g cm-3. Esta primera evidencia experimental de compactacion debida al riego por goteo, debera ser confirmada o desechada en futuros trabajos.
Safety of botanical and microbial pesticide mixtures to Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effects of botanical (neem, sweet-flag and pongamia) and microbial pesticide mixtures (HaNPV, Bacillus thuringiensis (=Spicturin) and spinosad) on adult mortality and adult emergence of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis . In contact toxicity test, neem + sweet-flag and neem + sweet-flag + pongamia at 0.12 and 0.18 per cent concentrations registered up to 33.89 per cent mortality of adult parasitoids while the same concentrations had 79.58 to 81.00 per cent adult emergence. Experiments with mixtures of microbial pesticides revealed that spinosad at 75 g a. i. /ha and its combination with HaNPV or Spicturin or with both registered cent per cent adult mortality in 24 hours. Also, spinosad or its combinations registered poor adult emergence of this parasitoid, which ranged from 13.08 to 13.83 while HaNPV and Spicturin registered adult emergence of 93.33 and 93.58 per cent. The possibilities of using the botanical mixtures or microbial pesticide mixtures along with this parasitoid are discussed.
Profi-Handbuch Fundraising

Spender finden und binden Direkter Kontakt mit dem Spender ist Voraussetzung für langfristige, steigende Einnahmen. Das Profi-Handbuch Fundraising zeigt, wie Direkt-Kontakte aufgebaut und Spender dauerhaft eingebunden werden. Wie entwerfe ich Neuspender-, wie Folge-Mailings Wie erhöhe ich den Wert der Spende? Was macht den Erfolg von Telefonkampagnen aus? Wie bewahre ich den persönlichen Kontakt? Wann setze ich Hausbesuche ein? Wie funktioniert Online-Fundraising? Was bringt der Einsatz von Social Media? Wie organisiere ich ein Großgönner-Programm? Mit zahlreichen Beispielen, Musterschreiben, Tipps und Checklisten sowie wertvollen Hintergrundinformationen.
Transcriptional Regulation of VEGFA by Unfolded Protein Response Signaling Pathway

The endoplasmic reticulum is the primary organelle in the cell which has the responsibility of properly folding proteins belonging to the secretory pathway. Secretory proteins are essential for a variety of functions within the body like metabolism, growth and survival. Hence, proper folding of the proteins in the ER is absolutely essential to maintain cellular and body function. The environment of the ER is substantially different from that of the cytoplasm and is primed essentially to provide the optimum conditions to fold newly synthesized polypeptides following translation by the ribosomes in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the ER. In order for secretory proteins to fold properly, ER homeostasis must be maintained. ER homeostasis is defined by the dynamic balance between the ER protein load and the ER capacity to process this load. The optimum environment of the ER, or ER homeostasis, can be perturbed by pathological processes such as hypoxia, glucose deprivation, viral infections, environmental toxins, inflammatory cytokines, and mutant protein expression, as well as by physiological processes such as aging. Disruption of ER homeostasis causes accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER. This condition is referred to as ER stress. Cells cope with ER stress by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is initiated by three ER transmembrane proteins: Inositol requiring 1 (IRE1), PKR-like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). These three master regulators sense and interpret protein folding conditions in the ER and translate
Role of the Transcription Factor Sox2 in the Osteogenic Lineage

The Sox2 transcription factor is modified by sumoylation at the K247 position although the addition of SUMO1 and Pias1 promotes the sumoylation of Sox2 at the additional K123 site. The role of sumoylation on Sox2 biological functions was analyzed by comparing the activity of WT and sumoylation mutants on the transcription of the FGF4 gene in HeLa cells and on the downregulation of the Wnt pathwayvin 293T cells. When SUMO1 and PIAS1 promote the sumoylation of WT Sox2, the transcriptional activity of the FGF4 promoter is inhibited showing that Sox2 sumoylation is necessary for the repression function. However, there is no effect of Sox2 sumoylation on β-Catenin activity. Since we were interested in osteoblast differentiation we set up an inducible system for Sox2 in primary osteoblasts. Following Sox2 doxycycline induction, 158 genes were differentially expressed: 120 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated. We annotated as direct Sox2 targets a number of genes involved in osteoblast biology and we further analyzed 3 of them involved in the BMP pathway. The results show that Sox2 regulates the BMP pathway without affecting SMAD phosphorylation, and that Sox2 sumoylation is not necessary for this function. We also found that genes involved in the Hippo pathway were direct Sox2 targets. As the Hippo pathway is activated by Sox2 and Sox2 interacts with the NF2 promoter, we checked the effect of Sox2 on the expression of NF2. We showed that Sox2 down-regulates the transcriptional activity of the NF2 promoter, allowing the transcription of the YAP/TEAD genes in osteoblasts, thus acting as an upstream regulator of the Hippo pathway. We conclude that Sox2 induction in osteoblasts triggers FGF dependent inhibition of the BMP, Wnt and Hippo pathways.
The effects of trophic interactions and spatial competition on algal community composition on Hawaiian coral reefs

Much of coral reef ecology has focused on how human impacts change coral reefs to macroalgal reefs. However, macroalgae may not always be a good indicator of reef decline, especially on reefs with significant sea urchin populations, as found in Kenya and Hawaii. This study tests the effects of trophic interactions (i.e. herbivory by fishes and sea urchins) and spatial competition (between algae and coral) on algal community structure of reefs surrounding two Hawaiian Islands that vary in their level of human impacts. Reef-building organisms (corals and crustose coralline algae) were less abundant and turf algae were more abundant on Maui as compared to Lanai, where human impacts are lower. In contrast to previous studies, we found no evidence that macroalgae increased with human impacts. Instead, low turf and macroalgal abundance were best explained by the interactive effects of coral cover and sea urchin abundance. Fishing sea urchin predators appeared to have cascading effects on the benthic community. The absence of sea urchin predators and high sea urchin densities correspond to a disproportionately high abundance of turf and crustose coralline algae. We propose that high turf algal abundance is a better indicator of reef decline in Hawaii than high macroalgal abundance because turf abundance was highest on reefs with low coral cover and few fish. The results of this study emphasize that understanding changes in community composition are context-dependent and that not all degraded reefs look the same.