Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethnicity and obesity: why are some people more vulnerable?

Obesity is a global problem that affects all ethnic groups and managing it is a major challenge. In developing countries obesity coexists with under- weight. BMI is the most widely used measure of obesity. World Health Organization cut-off values of BMI ≥25 or ≥30 kg/m 2 for over weight and obesity, respectively, have been used worldwide for several years to assess the prevalence of obesity of varying degrees. The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in the world is to be found
HIGH SENSITIVITY C REACTIVE PROTEIN AS A NOVEL MARKER FOR AIRWAY INFLAMMATION AND STEROID RESPONSIVENESS IN ASTHMATIC CHILDREN

Results: In the three groups of asthmatics serum hs-CRP concentrations were significantly higher than in controls. serum hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled asthma than in the two groups with controlled disease. Hs-CRP correlated negatively with FEV1% and positively with sputum eosinophil % in the three groups of asthmatics with very high significant correlation in group C . Hs-CRP correlated positively with neutrophil % in ICS treated asthmatics but it was highly significant in uncontrolled asthmatic group. Conclusion: Serum hs-CRP levels are significantly correlated to the airway inflammatory markers in asthmatic children. Hs-CRP may point to a novel marker for indirect detection and monitoring of airway inflammation, disease severity, and response to steroid treatment in asthmatic children.
Impact of a Higher Radiation Dose on Local Control and Survival in Breast-Conserving Therapy of Early Breast Cancer: 10-Year Results of the Randomized Boost Versus No Boost EORTC 22881-10882 Trial

Purpose To investigate the long-term impact of a boost radiation dose of 16 Gy on local control, fibrosis, and overall survival for patients with stage I and II breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving therapy. Patients and Methods A total of 5,318 patients with microscopically complete excision followed by whole-breast irradiation of 50 Gy were randomly assigned to receive either a boost dose of 16 Gy (2,661 patients) or no boost dose (2,657 patients), with a median follow-up of 10.8 years. Results The median age was 55 years. Local recurrence was reported as the first treatment failure in 278 patients with no boost versus 165 patients with boost; at 10 years, the cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 10.2% versus 6.2% for the no boost and the boost group, respectively (P < .0001). The hazard ratio of local recurrence was 0.59 (0.46 to 0.76) in favor of the boost, with no statistically significant interaction per age group. The absolute risk reduction at 10 years per age group was the largest.
Knowledge and awareness of Tuberculosis among Students of University of Kassala, Sudan

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem worldwide, as one third of the world population is infected with M. tuberculosis . It is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality and a major public health concern in Sudan. Objectives: to determine the awareness and knowledge of tuberculosis among students. Methods: Cross- sectional study was conducted among 395 students from different faculties of University of Kasasala. Self-administered pretested questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: A total of 395 students responded to the questionnaire, 185(46.8%) were male and 210 (53.2%) were female. The overall view of the study is the poor knowledge of TB regarding the infectious agent 107(27.1%), Curability 58(14.7%), the period of treatment 58(14.7%) preventive measure and BCG as TB vaccine 64(16.2%). However, they were knowledgeable about the communicability 364(92.2%). Moreover the students were unaware of mode of transmission (91.2%) and the symptoms of TB (94.7%). Students understood that cough more than three weeks is the signs of TB 228(57.7%) and it is the route of transmission 320(81.0%). Conclusion: The findings highlighted poor knowledge and lack of awareness among students regarding the important aspects of TB. So intensive health education programs are required and included in the curriculum of faculties so as to contribute in the development of the community. Key words: Knowledge, awareness, Tuberculosis
Pickard's Manual Of Operative Dentistry

PART I - DISEASES, DISORDERS, DIAGNOSES, DECISIONS, AND DESIGN 1. Why restore teeth? 2. Making clinical decisions 3. Principles of cavity design and preparation PART II - TREATMENT TECHNIQUES 4. The operator and the environment 5. Instruments and handpieces 6. Bonding to tooth structure 7. Treatment of pit and fissure caries 8. Treatment of approximal caries in posterior teeth 9. Treatment of smooth surface caries, erosion - abrasion lesions, and enamel hypolasia 10. Treatment of approximal caries, trauma, developmental disorders and discoloration in anterior teeth 11. Indirect cast metal, porcelain and composite intracoronal restorations PART III - MONITORING AND MAINTENANCE 12. The long-term management of patients with restored dentitions
Analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Plantago major L.

This study aimed to validate the pharmacological effects of Plantago major L. , a medicinal plant used to decrease pain and inflammation. The aqueous extract (AE) was prepared from the dried ground leaves. Pretreatment with AE (1 g/kg, p.o.) decreased writhing induced by acetic acid in mice, but it did not change the tail flick responses to heat nociceptive stimuli. In rats, AE (1 g/kg, p.o.) reduced the paw edema and pleurisy induced by carrageenin, but it did not alter the paw edema induced by dextran. The effect of AE on the carrageenin inflammatory responses was more intense than that obtained on the ear edema induced by croton oil in mice. In addition, daily treatment with AE (1 g/kg/day during 8 days, p.o.) inhibited the exudative process induced by croton oil injected into the air pouch of rats. The results indicate that the aqueous extract of Plantago major is endowed with effective antiinflammatory and analgesic activities.
Sodium Aurothiomalate Alleviates Carrageenan-induced paw Edema by Suppressing Serotonin Systhesis in Rat Brain

Gold compounds, comprising elemental Au (I) and a sulfurcontaining ligand, have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and gold compounds have been reported to improve clinical conditions in a majority of patients (Champion et al., 1990; Ernestam et al., 2003). Although its mode of anti-rheumatic action is not clearly understood, gold is selectively concentrated within inflamed synovial tissues, and gold-rich deposits are formed in synovial macrophages during chrysotherapy (Grahame et al., 1974; Ghadially et al., 1976; Vernon-Roberts et al., 1976; Nakamura and Igarashi, 1977). Aurothiomalate is one of the gold compounds. Previous studies have shown that administration of aurothiomalate reduces accumulation of inflammatory monocytes and macrophages in the RA synovial membranes, and significantly inhibits interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expressions in these cells (Yanni et al., 1994). In cultured human monocytes and mouse macrophages, a lipid-soluble gold compound, auranofin, (1-thioD-glucopyranose 2,3,4,6-tetraaceto-S)-(triethylphosphine) gold (I), inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of IL-1 and TNF (Bondeson, 1997). The inhibitory effect of auranofin appeared by reducing mRNA level of these cytokines, suggesting that it blocks some steps in the signal pathways for the transcriptional activation of IL-1 and TNF genes (Bondeson and Sundler, 1995). Based on these results, various metal compounds including gold thiolates have been shown to inhibit the binding of nuclear factorSodium Aurothiomalate Alleviates Carrageenan-induced Paw Edema by Suppressing Serotonin Synthesis in Rat Brain
Assessment of vertically-resolved PM10 from mobile lidar observations

We investigate in this study the vertical PM10 distributions from mobile measurements carried out from locations along the Paris Peripherique (highly trafficked beltway around Paris), examine distinctions in terms of aerosol concentrations between the outlying regions of Paris and the inner city and eventually discuss the influence of aerosol sources, meteorology, and dynamics on the retrieved PM10 distributions. To achieve these purposes, we combine in situ surface measurements with active remote sensing observations obtained from a great number of research programs in Paris area since 1999. Two approaches, devoted to the conversion of vertical profiles of lidar-derived extinction coefficients into PM10, have been set up. A very good agreement is found between the theoretical and empirical methods with a discrepancy of 3%. Hence, specific extinction cross-sections at 355 nm are provided with a reasonable relative uncertainty lower than 12% for urban (4.5 m2 g−1) and periurban (5.9 m2 g−1) aersols, lower than 26% for rural (7.1 m2 g−1) aerosols, biomass burning (2.6 m2 g−1) and dust (1.1 m2 g−1) aerosols The high spatial and temporal resolutions of the mobile lidar (respectively 1.5 m and 1 min) enable to follow the spatiotemporal variability of various layers trapping aerosols in the troposphere. Appropriate specific extinction cross-sections are applied in each layer detected in the vertical heterogeneities from the lidar profiles. The standard deviation (rms) between lidar-derived PM10 at 200 m above ground and surface network stations measurements Correspondence to: J.-C. Raut (jean-christophe.raut@latmos.ipsl.fr) was ∼14μg m−3. This difference is particularly ascribed to a decorrelation of mass concentrations in the first meters of the boundary layer, as highlighted through multiangular lidar observations. Lidar signals can be used to follow mass concentrations with an uncertainty lower than 25% above urban areas and provide useful information on PM10 peak forecasting that affect air quality.
HEALTH PROMOTION PRACTICES AND CANCER SCREENING IN OLDER ADULTS OF URMIA

The world population is aging. Health promoting behavior gains more importance when people live longer. The purpose of this study was to examine health promotion behaviors and cancer screening in older adults in Urmia. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 242 participants above 60 years old. The participants were selected based on purposive sampling method. Data questionnaire included demographic characteristics, number of chronic diseases, physical health status, mental health, health promotion and cancer screening. Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to consider the factors that influenced health promotion activities in these individuals. Results: The mean age of participants was 36/8±67/69. Among the primary health promotion activities (exercise, reducing cholesterol and low salt diet, high fiber), low-salt diet was the most adhered (64.4% of subjects). Among cancer screening practices including mammography, Pap smear, prostate examination, fecal occult blood testing and skin examination, the most practiced was occult blood testing (27.7% of subjects). Multiple regression analysis showed that occupation, education level, mental health, age and gender influenced conducting health promotion practices. Conclusion: Except low salt intake and reducing diet cholesterol, other health promotion activities are far from the acceptable range. Public education for families about the benefits of health promoting behavior and availability of clinics and lab services may encourage older adults to engage in health promotion activities.
Increased Folding Complexity of the Left Temporal Pole in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Introduction Converging histological and radiological data suggest neurodevelopmental abnormalities may play a role in the pathogenesis of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Gross morphological evaluation of medial temporal lobe structures has identified unusual shape and positioning of the hippocampus in TLE patients (1). However, the anatomical extent of potential neurodevelopmental changes in TLE remains largely unknown. Cortical folding is thought to result from mechanical and tension-based processes including the establishment of axonal cortico-cortical connections during fetal growth (2,3). Automated measures of cortical surface curvature allow direct measurement of changes in gyral folding at every vertex on the brain surface, and may offer a sensitive index of cortical neurodevelopmental changes. Very few studies have investigated cortical complexity changes in TLE, and employed only visual ratings or poorly localised indices of whole-brain or lobar-level complexity. Using surface-based methods of cortical curvature sensitive to focal changes in gyrification, we tested whether: (i) TLE is associated with abnormal cortical folding (ii) cortical complexity relates to hippocampal positioning, and (iii) changes in gyrification impact on epilepsy surgery outcome.
Lower extremity stiffness modulation : effect of impact load of a landing task from different drop heights : original research article

Background: The characteristics of stiffness resulting from increased impact loads dropped from various heights are still uncertain. Aim: This study aimed to examine lower extremity stiffness regulation at various impact loads, and the relationship between lower extremity stiffness and the impact load. Methods: Twenty male subjects were recruited from a university's physical education department. Each subject performed a landing task from drop heights of 40, 60, and 80cm (DL40, DL60, and DL80) respectively. Leg stiffness, joint stiffness, peak vertical ground reaction force, time to peak vertical ground reaction force, loading rate, and peak proximal tibia anterior shear force were measured. Correlations of leg stiffness and joint stiffness with peak vertical ground reaction force, time to peak vertical ground reaction force, loading rate, and peak proximal tibia anterior shear force during the drop landing task were assessed. Results: The study found that increased impact load from DL40 to DL60 reduced leg stiffness, but the peak vertical ground reaction force, time to peak vertical ground reaction force, and loading rate were unchanged. When the impact load increased from DL60 to DL80, leg stiffness no longer decreased, and the knee joint stiffness increased significantly. Meanwhile, the peak vertical ground reaction force and loading rate increased significantly, and the vertical ground reaction force peaked earlier than with DL40 and DL60. Further, knee joint stiffness was significantly correlated with the peak proximal tibia anterior shear force. Conclusions: Reduced leg stiffness with increasing impact load may decrease the risk of future lower extremity injury. A significant increase in knee joint stiffness at DL80 increases the risk of knee joint injury, especially injury of the ACL.
TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Background: Heart rate variability is a non-invasive predictive marker of ventricular arrhythmias. Heart rate variability quantifies autonomic nervous system which underlies development of ventricular arrhythmias. Reduced heart rate variability is an indicator of high risk for ventricular arrhythmogenesis. Patients with coronary artery disease may develop ventricular arrhythmias which may lead to sudden cardiac death. Current study was planned to carry out time domain analysis of heart rate variability in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: Forty patients having coronary artery disease with at least one stenotic lesion of greater than 70% of the vessel lumen were included. Patients with diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, structural heart diseases and bundle branch block were excluded. DMS 300 4A Holter monitors were used to obtain long-term 12-lead digital ECG recordings. CardioScan premium luxury software was used for analysis of heart rate variability. Results: The mean values of heart rate variability in patients were SDNN (102.15Â±3.66 ms), SDNNi (45.83Â±11.09 ms), SDANN (90.45Â±24.66 ms), RMSSD (24.98Â±7.26 ms) and pNN50 (6.88Â±6.12 ms). On comparison with normal reference values there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in all parameters except RMSSD (p=0.145). SDNN was decreased in 38 (88%), SDANN in 36 (83%), SDNNi in 28 (70%), RMSSD in 27 (68%) and pNN50 in 25 (63%) patients. The difference between frequency of patients with decreased heart rate variability was statistically significant (p<0.05) except pNN50 (p=0.155). Conclusion: Heart rate variability decreases significantly in patients with coronary artery disease as compared to normal reference values taken from healthy individuals. Pak J Physiol 2014;10(1-2):21â€“4
Simulated aquatic animal disease outbreaks: a tool for improving responses to emergencies.

Summary Simulated disease outbreaks are vital tools for preparing administrative and functional responses to emergencies. Three aquatic emergency response exercises conducted in Australia are summarised. The prinicipal lesson learned from these exercises was the need for coordination, improved communication and a whole-of-government approach. An enhanced understanding of the legislative instruments required for a response, insights into human factors such as staff rostering, training, counselling and provision of assistance packages were also obtained. Developing a sense of overconfidence about preparedness arrangements (as a result of having tested specific, planned scenarios) must be avoided. Emergencies occur infrequently and erratically; conducting exercises is a vital component of planning processes that ensure that responses to emergency events are effective.
Disparity In The Perceptions Of Trainers', Graduates' And Supervisors' On Employability Skills Of Agricultural Science Teachers In Nigerian Secondary Schools.

The purpose of this study was to determine the disparity in the perception of the graduates, trainers and supervisors on the employability skills of graduates teaching Agriculture science in secondary schools. Two research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. The design of this study was a survey research design. The area for this study was Bauchi and Gombe States of Nigeria. The population for this study includes all Agriculture Education graduates teaching Agric Science in secondary schools, their supervisors and trainers. Stratified purposive sampling was used to select 50 graduates, 25 supervisors each from Gombe and Bauchi states and 17 trainers, totalling 167 respondents. The instrument was a structured questionnaire which was validated and pilot tested to obtain the reliability coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) of 0.98. Data collected was analyzed using AMOS 18 statistical packages for windows. Findings of this study revealed that there was no significant difference between the perception of graduates, supervisors and trainers on the importance of employability skills need by the graduate to be successful in teaching Agricultural Science in Secondary School but there was a significant difference in their perception of competence, with trainers contributing more to the difference. It is recommended that all the employability skills be retained or included in the University Agriculture Education curriculum. Agricultural Education being a vocational course, students should be given the opportunity to apply the science they have learned in their course. That means more “hands-on” should be incorporate in the classroom teaching. Keywords:Disparity In Perception, Graduates And Supervisor, Skills Of Agricultural Science, Teachers
Human Papillomavirus and Cancer - Immunological Consequences of MHC Class I Down-Regulation

Submitted 18 Dec 2014; Accepted 17 Jan 2015; Published 20 Feb 2015 Few studies have been conducted on the causative factors associated with the development of cancer. Infection by high risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been implicated as causative agents in a variety of cancers. HPV is capable of evading immune system and establishing persistent infections. Prolonged infection and lesion maintenance are associated with higher risk of neoplastic progression. Hence, curtailing the ability of the virus to escape host immunosurveillance should reduce this risk by accelerating resolution of infection and lesion progression. One of the potential effectors of HPV escape from host immunosurveillance is the E5 oncoprotein, which we have shown to down-regulate surface major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I), without apparent effect on non-classical MHC. These effects would interfere with both cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing of the virally infected cells, and with the natural killer (NK) cell illumination of infected cells. In this review we address mechanisms of immunomodulation by papillomavirus and discuss our current findings on the association of HPV and cancers.
Useful markers to predict the risk of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis is the local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow, usually caused by bacteria and fungi. It can be induced by trauma, surgery, by direct extension from a nearby infection or via the blood stream. The present work involves the estimation of total antioxidant status, Phosphodiesterase level and the activity of Super oxide dismutase in diabetic and nondiabetic osteomyelitic patients. This study involved 100 osteomyelitic patients with and without diabetes diagnosed at Thejaswini hospital, Mangalore and 100 healthy individuals. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected and used for the estimation of Biochemical parameters. There is a significant increase (p=0.0001) in serum Phosphodiesterase level, whereas the Total antioxidant and Superoxide dismutase declines significantly (p=0.0001 and (p=0.0002) in both non diabetic and diabetic osteomyelitis compared to normal subjects. Diabetes mellitus causes not only hyperglycaemia but oxidative stress, resulting mainly enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. Total antioxidant, SOD and phosphodiesterase are the useful markers to assess the diabetic Osteomyelitis.
INSUFICIENCIA RENAL AGUDA

Habitualmente se habla de insuficiencia, injuria, lesión, fracaso o falla renal aguda como una solo entidad, sin embargo, estos términos encierran la historia de la definición de esta patología. Se prefiere el uso de los tres primeros en vista de que consideran a la alteración renal desde etapas más tempranas. No existe un acuerdo de la definición de la insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA). Generalmente se habla de la misma como una disminución rápida en la función de los riñones (el tiempo varía según el criterio pero suele considerarse máximo hasta7 días), que se caracteriza por la reducción de la tasa del filtrado glomerular y se presenta con oliguria y elevación de la creatinina sérica. La insuficiencia renal aguda es un síndrome con múltiples etiologías, común y potencialmente tratable y prevenible, su aparición, incluso en grados leves, se ve asociada con una mayor morbimortalidad. Pese a su alta prevalencia y a sus implicaciones clínicas esta falta de claridad en su concepto ha hecho que su incidencia varíe considerablemente en los reportes realizados.
Hypoglycaemic effects of aqueous extract of gynura procumbens

Summary The present study investigates the effect of oral administration of the aqueous extract of Gynura procumbens on blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. However, the mechanism of its action is still not known. Hence, in vivo and in vitro studies were carried out to study the role of G. procumbens on blood glucose lowering effect. In in vivo studies, single administrations of aqueous extract 1g/kg b.w. to 16-h fasted streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats reduced the mean blood glucose level at hour 2, 5, 6, 7 (P 0.05) in both normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. The activity of G. procumbens was also tested on RIN-5F cell line, clonal pancreatic β-cells. It was found that the extract did not produce a stimulation of insulin secretion. Taken together, these findings indicate that the hypoglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of G. procumbens leaves involves an extra-pancreatic action and not due to its insulinotropic activity.