Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aero-engine bearing fault diagnosis model based on optimizing cost-sensitive support vector machine

Due to the particularity of the aero-engine bearing and the limitation of the test conditions, it is difficult to get enough fault class sample data and the misclassification cost that misjudge fault sample to normal sample is higher than the opposite misjudgment, therefore the diagnosis of aero-engine bearing belongs to the typical small sample problem which is also unbalance. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed an optimizing cost-sensitive support vector machine (CS-SVM) model. The proposed method is based on cost-sensitive support vector machine. The improved genetic immune particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to select the best regularized constants C+, C-, and kernel function parameter g. This paper use the optimizing CS-SVM proposed to train and predict the bearing vibration signals. The experimental results showed that the CS-SVM can effectively deal with unbalanced small fault class sample in aero-bearing fault diagnosis, it can also improve the diagnosis accuracy of the fault class sample.
Semantic Formulations in SBVR

Business rules are generally expressed in natural language, although some rules are at times illustrated graphically. SBVR is not a logic language for restating business rules in some other language that business people don’t use. Rather, SBVR provides a means for describing the structure of the meaning of rules expressed in the natural language that business people use. SBVR calls this “semantic formulation”. Semantic formulations are not expressions or statements. They are structures that make up meaning. SBVR provides a vocabulary for describing them. Using SBVR, the meaning of a definition or statement is communicated as facts about the semantic formulation of the meaning, not as a restatement of the meaning in a formal language.
A Binary Model on the Basis of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm in Order to Solve the Problem of Knapsack 1-0

Though imperialist competitive algorithm is repeatedly utilized to solve different problems, its discrete binary model has been ignored. A discrete method is offered in this article according to Imperialist competitive algorithm to solve the problem of knapsack 1-0. Resulted outcomes of utilizing this method represent the ability of this algorithm in solving such problems. In order to evaluate the efficiency of it, this method is compared with some heuristic algorithms such as Genetic algorithm, Particles swarm optimization, Ant colony system, Tabu search, and simulated annealing. Discrete binary Imperialist competitive algorithm offered better suggestive responses in all of mentioned tests. Results cleared that this algorithm performs around 30% better than other compared methods.
A new classification for female genital tract fistula

Neglected prolonged obstructed labour is the most common cause of genital tract fistulae worldwide. Pressure necrosis of soft pelvic tissues occurs between the impacted fetal presenting part and the bony maternal pelvis. Other obstetric reasons for genital tract fistulae include vaginal trauma and laceration from instrumental deliveries or spontaneous vaginal deliveries, from Caesarean sections, symphysiotomies and destructive procedures. It is estimated (probably an underestimation) that over 100 000 new cases of fistulae occur each year and current United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) data indicates that currently, genital tract fistulae affect at least 2 million women world-wide. In developed countries, over 90% of genital tract fistulae occur following pelvic surgery. Urinary tract injury complicates 1% of all gynaecological procedures and Caesarean sections and the incidence of genitourinary fistula following all hysterectomies is 0.8/1000. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for the woman with a genital tract fistula. The rate of successful closure is over 85% in experienced hands but there has been a tendency to focus on the surgical closure of the fistula as the successful outcome measure rather than function following surgery. Successful surgical closure of the defect should be called ‘anatomical closure’ rather than ‘cure’, because it is clear many women suffer from ongoing pelvic organ, sexual and psychological dysfunction.
Microangiography and Vascular Permeability of the Subependymal Matrix in the Premature Infant

SUMMARY: The microvascular architecture of the subependymal matrix in premature infants was studied with microangiography and benzidine stains. This revealed that the subependymal matrix is the end zone or the border zone between cerebral arteries and the collection zone of the deep cerebral veins. Focal hypoxic changes of this subependymal matrix may occur in hypoxemia and ischemia because of the characteristic architecture. The vascular permeability of these vessels was studied in rabbits using three different molecular weights of FITC-dextran. Vascular permeability was increased in the subependymal matrix by hypoxia and especially by hypoxia associated with an increased venous pressure. These findings may be related to the pathogenesis of subependymal hemorrhage in prematurity.
Advantages and disadvantages of physiological assessment for next generation control room design

We propose using non-obtrusive physiological assessment (e.g., eye tracking,) to assess human information processing errors (e.g., loss of vigilance) and limitations (e.g., workload) for advanced energy systems early in the design process. This physiological approach for assessing risk will circumvent many limitations of current risk methodologies such as subjective rating (e.g., rater’s biases) and performance modeling (e.g., risk assessment is scripted and is based upon the individual modeler’s judgment). Key uses will be to evaluate (early in the design process) novel control room equipment and configurations as well as newly developed automated systems that will inevitably place a high information load on operators. The physiological risk assessment tool will allow better precision in pinpointing problematic design issues and will provide a “real-time” assessment of risk. Furthermore, this physiological approach would extend the state-of-the-art of human reliability methods from a “static” measure to more “dynamic. ” This paper will discuss a broad range of the current popular online performance gauges as well as its advantages and disadvantages for use in next generation control room.
Atrial ultrastructure in patients with fixed intra-atrial block.

This study describes ultrastructural changes seen in the right atria of ten patients with fixed intra-atrial block (FIAB) (P wave duration of 120 msec or more during sinus rhythm). The tissue, which was obtained by biopsy at the time of open heart surgery, is compared to that of three patients with normal right atrial morphology. One sample of left atrial tissue from a rheumatic subject is also described. The ultrastructural changes observed in the right atria of patients with P wave durations of 140 msec or more were much more extensive than in the patients with FIAB and P wave durations of 120–130 msec. These longer delays in intra-atrial conduction may be due to extensive disturbances at the level of the ordinary working atrial myocardium, while the lesser degrees of block may simply be due to sluggish conduction through the anterior internodal tract, as is suggested by the data on intermittent intra-atrial block.
Impact of Glycemic Control on Survival of Diabetic Patients on Chronic Regular Hemodialysis

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the impact of glycemic control during regular hemodialysis on the survival of diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a longitudinal observational study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 114 diabetic CKD patients on hemodialysis at Inoue Hospital (Suita, Japan) were surveyed from May 1995 to December 2002 (survey period 45.5 ± 29.3 [means ± SD] months). All subjects were categorized into three groups by mean HbA1c (A1C) level during the 3-month period on hemodialysis preceding entry, as follows: good (A1C <6.5%, 5.7 ± 0.4%, n = 34), fair (6.5 ≤ A1C < 8.0%, 7.2 ± 0.4%, n = 39), and poor (A1C ≥8.0%, 9.2 ± 0.9%, n = 41) A1C groups. RESULTS—There were no significant differences in age at entry, initiation of hemodialysis, duration of hemodialysis, blood pressure, cardiothoracic ratio, serum creatinine level, or hemoglobin level among the three groups. The cumulative survival of the poor A1C group during the survey was significantly lower than that of the fair and good A1C groups as determined by Kaplan-Meier estimation (P = 0.041, log-rank test). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, both poor A1C group (hazard ratio 2.889, P = 0.010) and mean A1C (1.260 per 1.0%, P = 0.003) were significant predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS—In diabetic CKD patients on regular hemodialysis, poor glycemic control is an independent predictor of prognosis. This finding indicates the importance of careful management of glycemic control even after initiation of hemodialysis.
Frequency and relevance of acute peritraumatic pulmonary thrombus diagnosed by computed tomographic imaging in combat casualties

BACKGROUND Posttraumatic pulmonary embolism is historically diagnosed after clinical deterioration within the first week after injury. An increasing prevalence of immediate and asymptomatic pulmonary embolism have been reported in civilian and military trauma, termed hereafter as acute peritraumatic pulmonary thrombus (APPT). The objective of this study was to define the frequency of APPT diagnosed by computed tomographic (CT) imaging in wartime casualties. An additional objective was to identify factors, which may be associated with this radiographic finding METHODS A 1-year retrospective cohort analysis conducted using the US and UK Joint Theater Trauma Registries performed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for the diagnosis of APPT in casualties admitted to Bastion Hospital, Afghanistan. APPT imaging characteristics were collected, and demographics, injury severity and mechanism, and risk factors were included in the analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with APPT. RESULTS APPT was found in 66 (9.3%) of 708 consecutive trauma admissions, which received a CT chest with intravenous contrast as part of their initial evaluation. Diagnosis of APPT at the time of injury was made in 23 patients (3.2%), while thrombus was detected in 43 additional patients (6.1%) at the time of reexamination of CT images. Of the APPTs, 47% (n = 31) were central, 38% (n = 25) were segmental, and 15% (n = 10) were subsegmental. Forty-seven percent (n = 31) had bilateral APPT. Logistic regression found presence of deep venous thrombosis on admission (odds ratio, 5.75; 95% confidence interval, 2.44–13.58; p < 0.0001) and traumatic amputation (odds ratio, 2.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–5.85; p = 0.030) to be independently associated with APPT. All APPTs were felt to be incidental and likely would not have required interventions such as anticoagulation or vena caval interruption. CONCLUSION This report is the first to characterize acute, peritraumatic pulmonary thrombus in combat injured. Nearly 1 in 10 patients with severe wartime injury has findings of pulmonary thrombus on CT imaging, although many instances require repeat examination of initial images to identify the clot. APPT is a phenomenon of severe injury and associated with deep venous thrombosis and lower-extremity traumatic amputation. Additional study is needed to characterize the natural history of peritraumatic pulmonary thrombus and the indications for anticoagulation or vena cava filter devices. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic and prognostic study, level III.
Guidelines for International Breast Health and Cancer Control – Implementation Supplement to Cancer Breast Cancer Prevention in Countries With Diverse Resources

2 Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women globally, and it affects more than 1 million women worldwide each year. It is a preventable disease in part, and primary care providers and public health programs play a key role in providing cancer preventive care. There are several health behaviors that may reduce the risk of breast cancer, including prolonged lactation; regular physical activity; avoiding overweight, obesity, and lifetime weight gain; avoiding excess alcohol intake; avoiding prolonged use of exogenous hormone therapy; and avoiding excessive radiation. These behaviors, although they have not been proven in clinical trials to reduce risk, are likely to be beneficial; information on them can be provided as a prevention strategy in countries of diverse means, although the methods of information delivery and follow-up will depend on financial and personnel resources. Many of these health behaviors can reduce the risk for other chronic diseases and, thus, may be of great interest for general public health. In high resource level countries, additional prevention methods are available for high-risk women, including selective estrogen response modulators and, for women at very high risk, bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and bilateral oophorectomy. Most women can benefit from advice and preventive care for reducing their risk for breast cancer. Cancer 2008;113(8 suppl):2325–30. 2008 American Cancer Society.
Developments in high performance photodiodes

As the current handling - bandwidth product of a single photodiode comprised of lattice matched In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As/InP material reaches a practical limit, we explore new lattice mismatched material system of In<sub>0.72</sub>Ga<sub>0.28</sub>As/InAsP/InP as a path-forward technology to increase this key parameter.
Authors’ response: metformin and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma—a study focused on anti-diabetic agents

We thank Singh et al 1 for their letter commenting on our recent paper.2 The authors briefly summarised current evidence regarding the chemopreventive effects of statins on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and noted the lack of analyses on the role of statins in HCC in our study. We agree that the use of statins was found to be associated with a reduced risk of HCC according to previous studies.2 However, not only statins but also non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, thiazolidinediones, antiviral agents, etc, were all reported to be associated with a lower …
Axial and parity anomalies and vacuum charge: A direct approach.

We study the axial and parity anomalies in Abelian gauge theories using the direct yet intuitive approach of counting the relative number of states of one chirality with respect to the other. A fundamental gauge-invariant quantity, the determinantal ratio, is introduced for this purpose. We find that the number of states is conserved and that the gauge fields differentially phase shift states of opposite chirality at infinite energies. This implies a relative flow of states at very large energies which must be compensated by a rearrangement of the density of states at finite energies. We then derive a sum rule which yields two alternative formulas for the index of a Dirac operator. One expresses the index in terms of its high-energy behavior, and the other in terms of the low-energy properties; these are the ''zero modes'' of definite chirality. Two examples are worked out in detail to clarify our general result. The physics of the axial anomaly is shown to translate into that of the parity anomaly in 2+1 dimensions, in which parity and chirality have interchanged roles. We also analyze the vacuum charge in regard to its high- and low-energy origin. The possibility of spectral flow is formulated andmore » briefly discussed. In short, we provide a physical interpretation of certain mathematical indices, relate them to an extended version of Levinson's theorem of potential scattering, and simplify their evaluation. « less
Dihydrotestosterone and testosterone throughout the life span of Czech men.

OBJECTIVE The dihydrotestosterone:testosterone ratio seems to be an important factor in the expression of androgenic activity, especially in the prostate and pilosebaceous unit. Whereas the decline of testosterone (T) in aging men is well known, controversial data can be found in literature concerning the age dependence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels. Data from the database of the Institute of Endocrinology served as the basis for the definition of the life span curve for the ratio dihydrotestosterone : testosterone. METHODS The results of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone obtained immunoassays from 10 251 male patients were used in the construction of the curve. RESULTS The data show that after a peak of DHT:T in infancy and a subsequent decrease in puberty, the ratio of both androgens remains practically without change from approx. 20 years of age till old age. CONCLUSION High DHT:T ratio in infancy decreases at puberty and throughout the entire reproductive period of life this ration remains practically constant.
Control of cardiovascular risk in black Africans with type 2 diabetes in Senegal

Introduction Morbidity and mortality from diabetes are compounded by associated cardiovascular risk factors. For this reason, taking care of these risk factors is a public health goal. In this study we evaluated the level of control of cardiovascular risk factors in black Africans with type 2 diabetes in Senegal. Methods Between March 2007 and July 2008, we recruited type 2 diabetes patients from outpatient care in a specialised hospital in Senegal. Data were collected on a survey form designed for this purpose. An electrocardiogram and laboratory examinations were also performed. The level of control of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors were assessed, as recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Results A total of 318 type 2 diabetes subjects (237 women) were recruited. The average age was 58.2 ± 9.2 years (40–85). The mean duration of diabetes was 6.9 ± 5.9 years. The average glycaemic level was 1.4 ± 0.5 g/l and glycated haemoglobin was 7.6 ± 3.2%. The average length of patient follow up was 6.7 ± 6.1 years with a single annual consultation; 63.2% of the patients were on an insulin + biguanide combination, with good diabetes control (HbA1c < 7%) in 25% of cases. Antihypertensive drugs were prescribed in 28.1% of hypertensive patients. More than half (51.9%) of these hypertensive patients were treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Their blood pressure was well controlled (< 130/85 mmHg) in 5.4% of the hypertensive patients (10/185). The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol goal was achieved in 18.5% of cases (5/27). Conclusion This study shows that the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is higher among black Africans suffering from type 2 diabetes. The control of these factors was not optimal in our study.
Generalized Reed-Muller codes over Galois rings

A Galois ring may be considered as a common generalization of a finite field and a prime power integer residue ring. The generalized Reed-Muller codes over finite fields were introduced by Kasami et al. and the generalized Reed-Muller codes over prime power integer residue rings were constructed by M. Bhaintwal and S. K. Wasan. In this paper, we give an unifying approach for these constructions.
On the Decaying Utility of News Recommendation Models

For how long will a recommendation model provide adequate recommendations? The answer to this question depends on the kind of model, its underlying data, and the domain among other factors. We analyse four types of models in the news domain on how their predictive performances change. Our observations show that replacing or updating models is necessary to maintain high predictive performance. The evaluation suggests that an exponential decay model describes the changing predictive performance accurately.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Aggregation Indicate That Amyloid β Oligomerization and Fibrillization Pathways Are Independent and Distinct*

Alzheimer disease is characterized by the abnormal aggregation of amyloid β peptide into extracellular fibrillar deposits known as amyloid plaques. Soluble oligomers have been observed at early time points preceding fibril formation, and these oligomers have been implicated as the primary pathological species rather than the mature fibrils. A significant issue that remains to be resolved is whether amyloid oligomers are an obligate intermediate on the pathway to fibril formation or represent an alternate assembly pathway that may or may not lead to fiber formation. To determine whether amyloid β oligomers are obligate intermediates in the fibrillization pathway, we characterized the mechanism of action of amyloid β aggregation inhibitors in terms of oligomer and fibril formation. Based on their effects, the small molecules segregated into three distinct classes: compounds that inhibit oligomerization but not fibrillization, compounds that inhibit fibrillization but not oligomerization, and compounds that inhibit both. Several compounds selectively inhibited oligomerization at substoichiometric concentrations relative to amyloid β monomer, with some active in the low nanomolar range. These results indicate that oligomers are not an obligate intermediate in the fibril formation pathway. In addition, these data suggest that small molecule inhibitors are useful for clarifying the mechanisms underlying protein aggregation and may represent potential therapeutic agents that target fundamental disease mechanisms.
Fertiilsuse säilitamine noortel vähihaigetel

Pahaloomulistesse kasvajatesse haigestumus suureneb vanusega, kuid paljudel juhtudel diagnoositakse vahktobi ka noortel. Spetsiifiline vahiravi (kirurgiline, kiiritus- ja keemiaravi) ning kasvaja ise voivad pohjustada viljatust. Fertiilsuse tagamine on elukvaliteedi sailitamise vaga oluline osa ning seetottu tuleb patsientidele tutvustada ja soovitada viljakust sailitavaid meetodeid enne vahiravi alustamist. Tunnustatud meetoditeks on sperma kulmutamine meestel ning ootsuutide ja embruode kulmutamine naistel, reproduktiivelundite kaitsevarjestamine kiiritusravi eel, kirurgiline ovaariumide transpositsioon ning konservatiivne gunekoloogiline kirurgiline ravi, nagu trahhelektoomia. Eksperimentaalseteks meetoditeks on ovaariumide ja testiste koe kulmutamine ning reimplantatsioon. Fertiilsuse sailitamise voimalusi kasutatakse noortel vahihaigetel suhtelist harva, seetottu on teadmised kaugtulemuste kohta veel vahesed.Eesti Arst 2014; 93(7):418–422