Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACQUIRED IMMUNITY TO MIGRATING LARVAE OF ASCARIS SUUM INDUCED IN PIGS BY REPEATED ORAL INOCULATIONS IN INFECTIVE EGGS.

Active immunity against migrating larvae of Ascaris suum developed in specific pathogenfree and conventional pigs following repeated oral inoculations of infective eggs of A. suum. Older pigs developed better immunity; pigs that were 2 weeks old when receiving the first oral inoculations averaged 26,068 larvae in their lungs after challenge compared with 58,926 in controls. Pigs receiving their first inoculation when 6 weeks old averaged 3,462 larvae in their lungs compared with 49,982 in the controls. Pigs developed better immunity when they received more than three egg inoculations. Four-month-old pigs that were exposed briefly to ascaris eggs on the floor of a contaminated room, then later given three additional inoculations, had no larvae in their lungs after challenge while the controls averaged 6,573. Herd pigs that had been exposed to eggs of A. suum since birth were brought to the laboratory and given six additional inoculations ranging from 20,000 to 200,000 eggs. No larvae were found in their lungs compared with an average of 38,132 in lungs of the controls. Serum gamma globulin increased in the pigs as immunity developed. Eosinophilia developed following the second inoculation but did not increase in pigs that appeared to be completely immune. There is a possibility that Ascaris suum infection in pigs can be controlled by immunizing methods such as are used against other swine diseases. Acquired immunity was investigated by Roberts (1934), who fed ascaris eggs to two pigs every day for 100 days. Typical lesions were present at necropsy but no migrating worms were found. He concluded that an immunity had developed. Controlled studies of immunity to A. suum in pigs were impossible until specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs were developed (Young et al., 1955) because infection with ascaris could not be prevented in the experimental animals. Taffs (1958) studied active immunity to migrating larvae of A. suum using SPF pigs that had not been exposed to ascaris eggs prior to the experimental inoculations. The following report confirms the findings of Taffs and the conclusions of Roberts (loc. cit.). MATERIALS AND METHODS SPF pigs were used in three of the experiments reported herein. SPF pigs are delivered by hysterectomy, maintained in individual isolation chambers, and fed a diet of cow's milk fortified with eggs, vitamins, and minerals (Young et al., loc. cit.). They are free of ascariasis and other diseases and lack passive maternal immunity. Pigs in the fourth experiment were from a conventional herd and had been previously exposed to ascaris. The principals and controls of each experiment were of the same age, housed in separate concretefloored rooms, fed and cared for in the same
A new design formulae for feed line dimensions of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna by using equivalent design concept

The designing of rectangular microstrip patch antenna requires classical formulae to calculate. For every new design same formulae are used which is time consuming and lengthy. The Bhatnagar's Postulate gives the idea of transforming one design into another by using normalized thickness H (ratio of height of substrate to guided wavelength) and scaling factor ψ (ratio of the square root of the dielectric constant of the first design to second). But it is limited to patch only. This paper uses the same principle for calculating new formulae for the feed line dimensions. The first antenna design dimensions are calculated by classical formulae and then others are simulated with the new formulae of feed line dimensions, Bhatnagar's Postulate for the patch and the calculations of the first design. This gives very good results.
The School Entry Gap: Socioeconomic, Family, and Health Factors Associated With Children's School Readiness to Learn

Notwithstanding the constant debate in the scientific and policy literature on the precise meaning of school readiness, research consistently demonstrates a wide variation between groups of children resulting in a gap at school entry. Recently, the teacher-completed Early Development Instrument (EDI), a new measure of children's school readiness in 5 developmental areas, was developed, tested, and implemented in Canada. EDI results confirmed the existence of a school entry gap. In this article, we explore factors in 5 areas of risk: socioeconomic status, family structure, child health, parent health, and parent involvement in literacy development. In a series of logistic regressions, we demonstrate that variables in all 5 areas, as well as age and gender, contribute to the gap. Child's suboptimal health, male gender, and coming from a family with low income contribute most strongly to the vulnerability at school entry. As the purpose of a tool like the EDI is primarily to assist in population-level reporting on children's school readiness, the results of our study provide additional and much-needed evidence on the instrument's sensitivity at the individual level, thus paving the way for its use in interpreting children's school readiness in the context of their lives and the communities in which they live.
Parthenogenetic stem cells in postnatal mouse chimeras.

The ability of parthenogenetic (pg) cells to contribute to proliferating stem cell populations of postnatal aggregation chimeras was investigated. Using DNA in situ analysis, pg participation was observed in highly regenerative epithelia of various regions of the gastrointestinal tract, e.g., stomach, duodenum and colon, in the epithelia of tongue and uterus and in the epidermis. Pg cells also contributed to the epithelium of the urinary bladder, which is characterized by a relatively slow cellular turnover. Using a sensitive proliferation marker to determine division rate of pg and normal (wt) cells in tissues of a 24-day-old chimera, no significant differences between pg and fertilized cells were observed. However, in colon and uterus of a pg <==> wt chimera aged 101 days, a significant loss of proliferative capacity of pg cells was found. In the colon, this loss of proliferative potential was accompanied by an altered morphology of pg crypts. In general, they were situated at the periphery of the epithelium and lacked access to the lumen, with consequent cystic enlargement and flattened epithelium. No obvious morphological changes were observed in the pg-derived areas of the uterine epithelium of this chimera. Our results provide evidence that pg cells can persist as proliferating stem cells in various tissues of early postnatal chimeras. They suggest that pg-derived stem cells may cease to proliferate in restricted areas of the gastrointestinal tract and in the uterine epithelium of pg <==> wt chimeras of advanced age. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Co-simulation techniques in assistance systems for process control

The penetration of production systems and common infrastructure with information and communication technologies (ICT) creates new systems, called Smart Grids in energy or Industry 4.0 in production. This offers unprecedented opportunities for flexible and customized production and distribution. However, these complex and interconnected systems need new approaches for operation. Assistance system similar to those known from the automotive sector will support operators in their task to provide a safe, efficient and undisturbed operation of production systems. The paper supports, that more complex functionalities of assistance systems are based on simulation. This paper discusses the question how well co-simulation approaches are suited for this task. Co-simulation is the joint simulation of independent simulators each representing a component or subsystem of the overall system. The modularity of co-simulation reflects the modularity of production systems. It is possible to compose a simulation by using existing models. It is easy to adapt co-simulation to different configurations of production systems or changes in topology. The inherent flexibility of co-simulation makes it possible to cover broad range of requirements regarding, among others, simulation speed and precision. Co-simulation further allows to include models as “black boxes” which can be used to protect intellectual property on the modeled components. However, co-simulation always comes with additional costs for communication. Data exchange between models sets upper bounds for simulation speed. This limits the application of co-simulation: If requirements on calculation speed are very high other approaches like hybrid simulations are more suitable. For very precise simulations parallel simulation may be appropriate.
Ginsenoside metabolite compound K enhances the efficacy of cisplatin in lung cancer cells.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of ginsenoside metabolite compound K (CK) in enhancing the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin against lung cancer cells, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Western blotting and p53 reporter assay were used to assess p53 expression and activity. MTT assay and TUNEL staining were employed to investigate the drug effects on cell growth and apoptosis, respectively. Combination index (CI) was calculated to determine synergism. RESULTS We found that CK could significantly enhance cisplatin-induced p53 expression and activity in two lung cancer cell lines, H460 and A549. Consequently, synergistic inhibition of cell growth was observed when the cells were co-treated with CK and cisplatin compared to single treatment. In addition, the ability of cisplatin in apoptosis induction was similarly synergized by CK. Furthermore, by using p53-null lung cancer cells, we demonstrate that the synergy was p53 dependent. CONCLUSIONS Conventional chemotherapies are often accompanied by development of drug resistance and severe side effects. Novel discoveries of low toxicity compounds to improve the outcome or enhance the efficacy of chemotherapies are of great interest. In the present study, our data provide the first evidence that CK could be potentially used as an agent to synergize the efficacy of cisplatin in lung cancer.
Alternate Promoters and Developmental Modulation of Expression of the Chicken GATA-2 Gene in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells*

We have isolated and characterized the chickenGATA-2 (cGATA-2) gene. We show that, as in the case of some other members of the GATA gene family, the gene is expressed from alternative first exons. One of the resulting mRNAs represents only a minor form of the GATA-2 mRNA in the cells and tissues we analyzed; the other is ubiquitously expressed. We have defined the minimal promoter that controls expression of this most abundant mRNA and that is necessary for full activity in hematopoietic progenitor cells. The activity of this promoter in transient assays is consistent with developmental differences of expression levels in these cells. We identify within the promoter a previously unrecognized extended CCAAT motif essential for its activity. The organization of the cGATA-2 gene, with alternative first exons and a CCAAT box in the proximal promoter, is similar to that recently described for mouse GATA-2, and the proximal promoter also resembles the only promoter so far described in Xenopus. Nonetheless, the roles of the promoters in development and tissue-specific expression are quite different in these organisms, most strikingly in the mouse, which assigns developmental roles to its proximal and distal promoters that are quite different from those in the chicken. We suggest that although the overall organization may remain the same, the role assigned to each promoter varies among organisms. We identify distant upstream regulatory elements in the cGATA-2 gene that modulate expression from the proximal promoter and that may be responsible for this variation.
Increased Fas‐mediated apoptosis in polymorphonuclear cells from HIV‐infected patients

Neutrophils represent an important line of innate host defence against invading microorganisms and their functional detriment during HIV infection, including accelerated spontaneous cell death, has been shown to contribute to AIDS development. Neutrophils are susceptible to apoptosis via Fas and an interaction between Fas and FasL was suggested originally as a mechanism to explain constitutive neutrophil apoptosis. We have explored some intracellular pathways leading to PMN apoptosis from 28 HIV‐infected patients and 24 healthy volunteers. As previously reported, accelerated spontaneous apoptosis was observed in HIV+ patients, but this did not correlate with viral load. Furthermore, an increase in the level of spontaneous apoptosis was detected in neutrophils from HIV‐infected patients following inhibition of ERK, suggesting an impairment of this kinase pathway during the early stages of infection which may contribute to PMN dysfunction. An elevated susceptibility to undergo apoptosis was observed following cross‐linking of Fas, which correlated both with viral load and co‐expression of Fas/FasL surface molecules. Different mechanisms for spontaneous and Fas‐induced apoptosis are proposed which together contribute to the neutropenia and secondary infections observed during the progression to AIDS.
Detecting Android Malware Leveraging Text Semantics of Network Flows

The emergence of malicious apps poses a serious threat to the Android platform. Most types of mobile malware rely on network interface to coordinate operations, steal users’ private information, and launch attack activities. In this paper, we propose an effective and automatic malware detection method using the text semantics of network traffic. In particular, we consider each HTTP flow generated by mobile apps as a text document, which can be processed by natural language processing to extract text-level features. Then, we use the text semantic features of network traffic to develop an effective malware detection model. In an evaluation using 31 706 benign flows and 5258 malicious flows, our method outperforms the existing approaches, and gets an accuracy of 99.15%. We also conduct experiments to verify that the method is effective in detecting newly discovered malware, and requires only a few samples to achieve a good detection result. When the detection model is applied to the real environment to detect unknown applications in the wild, the experimental results show that our method performs significantly better than other popular anti-virus scanners with a detection rate of 54.81%. Our method also reveals certain malware types that can avoid the detection of anti-virus scanners. In addition, we design a detection system on encrypted traffic for bring-your-own-device enterprise network, home network, and 3G/4G mobile network. The detection model is integrated into the system to discover suspicious network behaviors.
Cascade statistical model for nucleon-induced reactions on light nuclei in the energy range 50 MeV-1 GeV.

We present here the first systematic and global analysis of nucleon-induced reactions on {ital A}{lt}30 systems at incident energies of 50 MeV to 1 GeV by means of a cascade-statistical approach. Model simulations are tested against available data from nuclei such as C, N, O, Al, and Si. With one set of inputs provided here, most of the inclusive observables, such as the double differential spectra of light ions and heavy residual nuclei from the dominant channels, can be well reproduced. The model yields absolute cross sections and the calculations are done without any parameter adjustments. Given the success of this simple, classical approach, we reexamine the model in terms of the essential physics such as Pauli principle, Fermi motion, and medium corrections. We interpret the cascade part as a classical simulation of the intermediate multi-particle-hole configurations which dominate multistep-direct and preequilibrium reactions and provide a critical assessment of the microscopic foundation and the range of validity of the model. We also discuss possible extensions of this model to around Fermi energy.
An effect of stretch upon the sodium output from frog muscle

Feng (1932) showed that application of a stretch to a resting frog muscle increased its rate of heat production temporarily. The effect has, recently been further investigated by A. V. Hill (personal communication) who has suggested that it might be accompanied by changes in the rates at which ions move between the muscle and the surroundings. Harris (1953) failed to find any influence of stretch upon the movement of potassium into or from the muscles; the experiments to be described indicate that there is a marked influence upon sodium movement. This different behaviour of the two ions is not altogether surprising, because the accumulation of potassium may be accounted largely on the basis of the action of physical forces, though some chemical combination has also been indicated in tracer experiments (Harris, 1953). On the other hand, there must be some connexion between metabolism and sodium output if the latter is the result of a pump operating so as to keep cell sodium level low.
Cholesterol measured before stroke thrombolysis is not associated with tissue plasminogen activator-related hemorrhagic transformation.

To the Editor: A link between cholesterol level and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (sHT) after ischemic stroke thrombolysis has been recently described.1 This association might be relevant regarding use of statins in the acute stroke field. Bang et al defined sHT as any clinical worsening associated with HT, either major or minor. In that study any sHT appeared in 17 cases (16.4%). Low LDL cholesterol and previous treatment with statins were related to sHT appearance, and after adjusting for covariates low LDL cholesterol (odds ratio, 0.968 …
A fractal physics explanation for acute thrombotic occlusion in an apparently healthy coronary artery

Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital; Iasi-Romania, 1Institute of Cardiovascular Disease “G.I. M. Georgescu”; Iasi-Romania Department of 2Biophysics and Medical Physics, 3Radiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; Iasi-Romania, 4Lasers, Atoms and Molecules Physics Laboratory, University of Science and Technology; Lille-France 5Physics Department, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University; Iasi-Romania, 6Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5; Bucuresti-Romania A fractal physics explanation for acute thrombotic occlusion in an apparently healthy coronary artery
The ability of a matrix to support cell spreading correlates with its ability to promote cell growth (

It has long been recognized that cells require adhesion to a solid substratum in order to proliferate. Non-transformed cells cultured in suspension in the presence of growth factors fail to undergo DNA synthesis (MacPherson and Montagnier, 1964; Benecke et al., 1978), and the loss of ‘anchorage-dependence’ is a hallmark of cell transformation (Stoker et al., 1968; Shin et al., 1975). Several studies have mapped the adhesiondependent step to midto late-G1 (Otsuka and Moskowitz, 1975; Guadagno and Assoian, 1991; Han et al., 1993), but the mechanism by which adhesion regulates the G1/S phase transition remains unclear. The transition from G1 to S phase is an important regulatory point, or checkpoint, in the cell cycle. A well-ordered sequence of molecular events must occur for proper transit through this checkpoint, and inhibition of these events leads to growth arrest at a point in late G1 called the restriction point (R). Members of the cyclin family of proteins, along with cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk), act as important regulators of this and other cell cycle arrest points. The expression of specific cyclin genes is regulated in a cellcycle dependent manner, and when expressed at sufficient levels, cyclins associate with a specific cdk. Complexed cdks are then capable of being phosphorylated and thus activated. This active enzymatic complex in turn phosphorylates a number of regulatory proteins important in cell cycle progression. For example, cyclin D1, expressed in mid-G1, forms a complex with cdk4. Once activated, this cyclin D1/cdk4 complex phosphorylates ligands such as the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein (Sherr, 1994), which regulates the activity of transcription factors. Thus, formation of an active cyclin/cdk complex initiates a cascade of molecular events necessary for proper cell cycle progression. Many lines of evidence suggest that the adhesion dependent signaling event in late G1 may be related to cyclin expression and kinase activity. Cyclin A expression in NRK fibroblasts occurs only in adherent, not suspended, cells, while cyclin D1 appears to be regulated by adhesion in NIH3T3 and Rat1 fibroblasts (Guadagno et al., 1993; Zhu et al., 1996; Resnitzky, 1997). Transformation of NRK fibroblasts with human cyclin A gene bypasses the adhesion requirement at the G1/S border and allows fibroblast proliferation in suspension (Guadagno et al., 1993). However, these studies compared only suspended to fully adherent, spread cells. Growth arrest also occurs on certain adhesive substrates, such as a gel composed of type I collagen (Santhosh and Sudhakaran, 1994) or certain adhesive peptides (Hansen et al., 1994), suggesting that adhesion, per se, may not be sufficient for growth activation. Several studies demonstrate that the physical structure of the 2971 Journal of Cell Science 112, 2971-2981 (1999) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1999 JCS4655
ESEM-BSE coupled with rapid nano-scratching for micro-physicochemical analysis of marine exposed concrete

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortar specimens submerged in sea-water were analysed through environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) in back scattered electron (BSE) mode and nano-scratching. Results from both sets of analysis show the presence of distinct phases associated with aragonite, brucite and cement paste. Phases associated with porosity and aggregates were also distinguishable through the BSE analysis and less defined in the nano-scratch data. This study indicates the powerful nature of coupling BSE image analysis with nano-scratching to obtain information on the quality of concrete. Work is underway to improve the method in order to apply it for better understand on the micro-physicochemical properties of marine exposed concrete.