Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of three different pastes on remineralization of initial enamel lesion: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE Dental caries in enamel is unique as enamel is both acellular and avascular. Fluoride is one of the most effective remineralizing agents in caries prevention. The purpose of the study was to assess whether nano-hydroxyapatite and CPP-ACP can be used as an alternative to fluoride for remineralization of early carious lesions. STUDY DESIGN Initial artificial carious lesions were prepared in enamel with demineralization solution. The treatment materials used as remineralizing agents were Nano-hydroxyapatite (10%), CPP - ACP (10%), NaF (1000 ppm) and Deionized water (negative control). Surface microhardness (SMH) measurements were performed before/after demineralization and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of pH cycling and the percentage surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR) was calculated. The specimens were then examined by scanning electron microscope. RESULTS Percentage surface microhardness recovery of nano-hydroxyapatite and fluoride was significantly greater than CPP - ACP and negative control. There was no significant difference of %SMHR between n-HA and fluoride at different time periods in the pH cycling. SEM analysis revealed n-HA particles were deposited on the demineralized enamel surface which formed a new surface layer. When observed under SEM CPP - ACP failed to show any significant surface remineralization while surface globular crystal depositions with multiple discrete porosities were evident with fluoride. CONCLUSION It was concluded that nano-hydroxyapatite and fluoride had the potential to remineralize initial enamel lesions. CPP - ACP can be used as an effective adjunct to fluoride therapy but cannot be used as an alternative to fluoride.
Distinct Functions between Toll-Like Receptors 3 and 9 in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells) are key players in the first-line defense against invading organisms such as viruses and bacteria. The interaction between RPE cells and viral or bacterial components is very important for clearance of these organisms. Toll-like receptors are a family of recognition receptors involved in innate immunity. Each TLR acts as a primary sensor of conserved microbial components and drives the induction of specific biological responses. TLR 3 is involved in the recognition of viral components, such as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and poly(I:C), while TLR 9 recognizes viral or bacterial DNA without methylation at CpG motifs. In the present study, we investigated the expression and function of TLR 3 and 9 in RPE cells. PCR analysis revealed expression of genes for TLR 3 and 9 in RPE cells. Expression of TLR 3 and 9 protein was detected in RPE cells by flow cytometry. TLR 3 and 9 showed strong intracellular expression. To detect angiogenetic factors produced by RPE cells, culture supernatant was examined with the Human Angiogenesis Antibody Array, which can simultaneously detect 20 different angiogenetic factors including cytokines, chemokines, soluble cytokine receptors, and growth factors. RPE cells showed high production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein-I (MCP-I). Furthermore, stimulation of RPE cells with the dsRNA analogue poly(I:C) enhanced the secretion of IL-8 and MCP-I, as well as enhancing the expression of junctional adhesion molecule-I (Jam-I) and intracellular adhesion molecule-I (ICAM-I), and promoted the adhesion of monocyte to these cells. In contrast, stimulation with the CpG-DNA motif only enhanced the secretion of IL-8. However, CpG-DNA motif enhanced phagocytosis in RPE cells. These results may indicate that TLR 3 and 9 play a distinct role in the inflammatory response that clears viruses from the retina.
Searching and sharing of information in social networks during the different stages of a trip

There are three phases in the use of online social media by tourists: before, during and after the trip. The aim of this study is to determine what social network users use to find information before and during the trip, the type of information they search, and where they share information. The study also identifies the relationship this has with the trustworthiness social networks provide them, especially distinguishing the social networks managed by the destination organizations. Therefore, we conduct a survey of 800 tourists who are social network users. Results show that social networks are not a major source of information before or during the trip but are very important for sharing contents after the experience, and that the most searched information concerns the main attractions of the destination. Moreover, there is a relationship between the use of social media and their perceived trustworthiness. In this case, for those who use social networks managed by destinations, these give them greater confidence.
Interpersonal Autonomic Physiology: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Interpersonal autonomic physiology is defined as the relationship between people’s physiological dynamics, as indexed by continuous measures of the autonomic nervous system. Findings from this field of study indicate that physiological activity between two or more people can become associated or interdependent, often referred to as physiological synchrony. Physiological synchrony has been found in both new and established relationships across a range of contexts, and it correlates with a number of psychosocial constructs. Given these findings, interpersonal physiological interactions are theorized to be ubiquitous social processes that co-occur with observable behavior. However, this scientific literature is fragmented, making it difficult to evaluate consistency across reports. In an effort to facilitate more standardized scholarly approaches, this systematic review provides a description of existing work in the area and highlights theoretical, methodological, and statistical issues to be addressed in future interpersonal autonomic physiology research.
Sex differences in bipolar disorder: a review of neuroimaging findings and new evidence

Jogia J, Dima D, Frangou S. Sex differences in bipolar disorder: a review of neuroimaging findings and new evidence. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 461–471. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
The chromatin landscape of the casein gene locus

Abstract For several decades, the regulation of casein gene expression by the lactogenic hormones, prolactin and glucocorticoids, has provided an excellent model system in which to study how steroid and peptide hormones regulate gene expression. Early studies of casein gene regulation defined conserved sequence elements in the 5′ flanking region of these genes, including one of which was identified as a γ-interferon activation sequence (GAS). Although this site was thought to interact with a mammary gland-specific factor, purification and cloning of this factor by Bernd Groner and his colleagues revealed it was instead a new member of the signal transducers and activators of transcription family, Stat5, which was expressed in many tissues. The exquisite tissue-specific expression of the casein genes was subsequently shown to depend not on a single transcription factor but on composite response elements that interacted with a number of ubiquitous transcription factors in response to the combinatorial effects of peptide and steroid hormone signaling. More recent studies have defined cooperative effects of prolactin and glucocorticoids as well as antagonistic effects of progesterone on the chromatin structure of both the casein gene proximal promoter region as well as a distal enhancer. Local chromatin modifications as well as long-range interactions facilitated by DNA looping are required for the hormonal regulation of β-casein gene expression. The casein genes are part of a large gene cluster, and the chromatin landscape of the entire cluster is regulated in a tissue-specific and developmental manner. Finally, newly discovered large non coding RNAs, such as the pregnancy-induced non coding RNA (PINC) may play an important role in the epigenetic regulation of mammary gland differentiation.
Modelling of IPO Underpricing in Bangladesh

This study shows the degree of underpricing in initial public offering in Bangladesh and the relationship of underpricing with some company specific and issue specific variables. To measure the degree of underpricing both initial return (IR) and market adjusted initial returns (MAIR) have been used. The study reveals 284% average initial return and 266% average market adjusted return for the first listing day of the IPOs for the period 2007 to 2016. Regression analysis is used to find the relationship between various predictor variables and underpricing. The regression analysis depicts that issue price, oversubscription, market return and size of the firm have significant effect on initial return. Similarly, market adjusted initial return is also influenced by issue price, oversubscription and size of the firm have significant effect over. The study found that issue size, age of the firm, floating percentage of share has very little relationship with underpricing in Bangladesh.
Efficient Specific DNA Binding by p53 Requires both Its Central and C-Terminal Domains as Revealed by Studies with High-Mobility Group 1 Protein

ABSTRACT The nonhistone chromosomal protein high-mobility group 1 protein (HMG-1/HMGB1) can serve as an activator of p53 sequence-specific DNA binding (L. Jayaraman, N. C. Moorthy, K. G. Murthy, J. L. Manley, M. Bustin, and C. Prives, Genes Dev. 12:462-472, 1998). HMGB1 is capable of interacting with DNA in a non-sequence-specific manner and causes a significant bend in the DNA helix. Since p53 requires a significant bend in the target site, we examined whether DNA bending by HMGB1 may be involved in its enhancement of p53 sequence-specific binding. Accordingly, a 66-bp oligonucleonucleotide containing a p53 binding site was locked in a bent conformation by ligating its ends to form a microcircle. Indeed, p53 had a dramatically greater affinity for the microcircle than for the linear 66-bp DNA. Moreover, HMGB1 augmented binding to the linear DNA but not to the microcircle, suggesting that HMGB1 works by providing prebent DNA to p53. p53 contains a central core sequence-specific DNA binding region and a C-terminal region that recognizes various forms of DNA non-sequence specifically. The p53 C terminus has also been shown to serve as an autoinhibitor of core-DNA interactions. Remarkably, although the p53 C terminus inhibited p53 binding to the linear DNA, it was required for the increased affinity of p53 for the microcircle. Thus, depending on the DNA structure, the p53 C terminus can serve as a negative or a positive regulator of p53 binding to the same sequence and length of DNA. We propose that both DNA binding domains of p53 cooperate to recognize sequence and structure in genomic DNA and that HMGB1 can help to provide the optimal DNA structure for p53.
RNA binding protein Musashi‐1 directly targets Msi2 and Erh during early testis germ cell development and interacts with IPO5 upon translocation to the nucleus

Controlled gene regulation during gamete development is vital for maintaining reproductive potential. During the process of gamete development, male germ cells experience extended periods of inactive transcription despite requirements for continued growth and differentiation. Spermatogenesis therefore provides an ideal model to study the effects of posttranscriptional control on gene regulation. During spermatogenesis posttranscriptional regulation is orchestrated by abundantly expressed RNA‐binding proteins. One such group of RNA‐binding proteins is the Musashi family, previously identified as a critical regulator of testis germ cell development and meiosis in Drosophila and also shown to be vital to sperm development and reproductive potential in the mouse. We focus in depth on the role and function of the vertebrate Musashi ortholog Musashi‐1 (MSI1). Through detailed expression studies and utilizing our novel transgenic Msi1 testis‐specific overexpression model, we have identified 2 unique RNA‐binding targets of MSI1 in spermatogonia, Msi2 and Erh, and have demonstrated a role for MSI1 in translational regulation. We have also provided evidence to suggest that nuclear import protein, IPO5, facilitates the nuclear translocation of MSI1 to the transcriptionally silenced XY chromatin domain in meiotic pachytene spermatocytes, resulting in the release of MSI1 RNA‐binding targets. This firmly establishes MSI1 as a master regulator of posttranscriptional control during early spermatogenesis and highlights the significance of the subcellular localization of RNA binding proteins in relation to their function. —Sutherland, J. M. , Sobinoff, A. P., Fraser, B. A. , Redgrove, K. A. , Davidson, T. ‐L. , Siddall, N. A. , Koopman, P., Hime, G. R. , McLaughlin, E. A. RNA binding protein Musashi‐1 directly targets Msi2 and Erh during early testis germ cell development and interacts with IPO5 upon translocation to the nucleus. FASEB J. 29, 2759‐2768 (2015). www.fasebj. org
Cell culture models for reactive gliosis: New perspectives

Reactive gliosis, which occurs in response to any damage or disturbance to the central nervous system, has been recognized for many years, but is still not completely understood. The hallmark is the increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), yet studies in GFAP knockout mice suggest that GFAP may not be required for an astrocyte to become hypertrophic. In this review, we describe a series of tissue culture models that have been established in order to address: 1) the biochemical phenotype of reactive astrocytes; 2) the factor and/or cell responsible for induction of gliosis; 3) the mechanisms by which one might block the induction. These models range from cultures of astrocytes, both neonatal and adult, to co‐cultures of astrocytes with either neurons or microglia, to organ cultures. None is ideal: each addresses a different set of questions, but taken together, they are beginning to provide useful information which should allow a better understanding of the plasticity response of astrocytes to brain injury. J. Neurosci. Res. 51:675–681, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outsourcing in private healthcare organisations: a Greek perspective.

PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to present a study carried out to investigate the extent of outsourcing, the decision-making process, the impact of outsourcing, and the future trend of outsourcing in private healthcare organisations in Greece. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH A survey instrument was designed and mailed to a random sample of 100 private healthcare organisations in Greece. A total of 25 usable questionnaires were received, representing a response rate of 25 percent. The survey instrument focused on the extent to which private healthcare organisations outsource services, the decision-making process for choosing an external service provider, the impact of outsourcing, and the future trend of outsourcing. FINDINGS Private healthcare organisations in Greece outsource a variety of activities. Cost savings, customisation, and customer satisfaction are the main factors affecting the outsourcing decision. The cooperation with a contract service provider has led to an improvement in customer satisfaction and to a cost reduction. Most users are highly satisfied with the performance of these companies and believe that there will be a future increase in the usage of these services. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The paper provides a framework regarding outsourcing in private healthcare organisations. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This research fills the gap in the area of outsourcing in private healthcare organisations in Greece.
High-Density LiDAR Mapping of the Ancient City of Mayapán

A 2013 survey of a 40 square kilometer area surrounding Mayapan, Yucatan, Mexico used high-density LiDAR data to map prehispanic architecture and related natural features. Most of the area is covered by low canopy dense forest vegetation over karstic hilly terrain that impedes full coverage archaeological survey. We used LiDAR at 40 laser points per square meter to generate a bare earth digital elevation model (DEM). Results were evaluated with comparisons to previously mapped areas and with traditional archaeological survey methods for 38 settlement clusters outside of the city wall. Ground checking employed full coverage survey of selected 500 m grid squares, as well as documentation of the chronology and detail of new public and domestic settlement features and cenotes. Results identify the full extent of continued, contemporary Postclassic settlement (A.D. 1150–1450) outside of the city wall to at least 500 meters to the east, north, and west. New data also reveal an extensive modified landscape of terraformed residential hills, rejolladas, and dense settlement dating from Preclassic through Classic Periods. The LiDAR data also allow for the identification of rooms, benches, and stone property walls and lanes within the city.
Reconsidering Hedge Fund Contagion

A widely held view concerning hedge funds is that they act as a negative disruptive force in financial markets due to “contagion. ” Hedge funds are often viewed as culprits in both the 2007–2008 financial crisis and the 2007 quant crisis, for example. The authors evaluate both existing and new evidence of: 1) hedge fund contagion, 2) hedge fund crowding, 3) hedge funds’ role in the 2007–2008 financial crisis, and 4) hedge funds’ role in the August 2007 quant crisis. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the popular press, and most academic work, the authors find little evidence to support the view that hedge fund contagion has widespread negative effects on markets and mispricing.
Experimental verification of fractional order controller's robustness using torsion test bench

Fractional Order Control (FOC) is still an unfamiliar concept. But it is actually a natural generalization of classical Integer Order Control (IOC) theory, in which the orders of controlled systems and/or controllers can be any real numbers including the conventional integer numbers. This generalization provides insight and more flexibility for robust control design. This paper reviews the applications of various FOC approaches including fractional order filter and disturbance observer into the gear backlash vibration control of a torsion test bench, in which a trade-off exists between stability and the strength of vibration suppression. The theoretical analysis and implementation results show FOC's superior robustness against gear backlash nonlinearity and more importantly its possibility of enabling a clear-cut robust control design.
New Media as Power for Eradicating Communication Inequalities in Indonesia

“Bad news is good news,” they say. This is the mantra of journalistic practice, which still trapped in the logic of market-oriented media institution. Until today, Indonesian media system is still driven by capitalistic and political motives of many actors especially media owners and political figures. Their domination in Indonesian media environment results in the colonization of media networks by political networks and vice versa. Controversial statements from and conflicts among political elites are “good” food for the media, which would attract audiences to buy their newspapers, watch their television and click on their sensational headlines that functions as a bait. Mass media public spheres are filled with this type of communication. Good News from Indonesia (GNFI) comes onto the surface of Indonesian media landscape to counter the negativity that the current media system holds. This paper analyzes how GNFI delivers its messages and, as an alternative media, uses its various media platform, most of them are online-based, to balance the inequality of communication about Indonesia.
ON THE MEANS WHEREBY MAMMALS ACHIEVE INCREASED FUNCTIONAL DURABILITY OF THEIR DENTITIONS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LIMITING FACTORS

( I ) Types of solutions available . (2) Increased wear resistance of dental tissues . (3) Increased tooth size . (4) Additional teeth, and a discussion of bilophodonty . , . , (5) Increased tooth height . (6) Combinations of methods . IV. Conclusion . V. Acknowledgements. VI. References . (2) Functional demands, with a note on dental wear
High Overload Pressure Sensor Construct With Polysilicon Nanofilm

A high overload pressure sensor is prepared by surface micromachined technology, and its full scale pressure is 2.5 MPa. The structure of the proposed sensor is based on a seal cavity made by sacrificial layer, a deposition of polysilicon nanofilm acts as piezoresistors on the diaphragm. The stress distribution of the diaphragm of the sensor is simulated by the large displacement static analysis and the nonlinear contact analysis. Due to polysilicon high tensile strength and appropriate cavity height, the sensor full scale output voltage and overload capacity is greatly improved. The measured results indicate that the overpressure of the sensor sample is seven times higher than its full-scale pressure, and its full scale output voltage is 362 mV with a supply voltage of 5 V.
The Recent Growth Resurgence in Africa and Poverty Reduction: The Context and Evidence

While economic growth in Africa has resurged substantially since the mid-to-late 1990s, the amount of poverty reduction seems much less spectacular. Building on other studies, the paper explores the translation of the recent growth to poverty reduction using 1985–2013 PovcalNet (World Bank) data. It assesses the relative abilities of various panel-data methodologies to predict poverty changes based on income-inequality decompositions. Surprisingly, SYSGMM performs substantially worse than Fixed Effects and Random Effects. The analysis is conducted for both the $1.25 and $2.00 poverty lines, and for the ‘spread’ and ‘depth’ of poverty, as well as for the usual popular measure, the headcount ratio. Although income growth appears to be the main force behind poverty reduction in Africa, the decomposition reveals striking differences, across countries and poverty measures, with respect to the relative roles of inequality and income.
Perceived, anticipated and experienced stigma: exploring manifestations and implications for young people’s sexual and reproductive health and access to care in North-Western Tanzania

Abstract Young people – particularly girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa – face significant challenges accessing sexual and reproductive health information and services. These challenges are shaped in part by sociocultural factors, including stigma. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study that explored the micro-level social process of stigma surrounding young people’s sexual and reproductive health in two communities in Tanzania. Respondents described an environment of pervasive stigma surrounding the sexual and reproductive health of unmarried young people. Stigma manifested itself in multiple forms, ranging from verbal harassment and social isolation to physical punishment by families, community members, peers and healthcare providers. Respondents perceived that stigma was a barrier to young people accessing sexual and reproductive health services and identified excessive questioning, scolding and requirements to bring sexual partners or parents to receive services at health facilities as obstacles to accessing care. The pervasiveness and complexities of stigma surrounding young people’s sexual and reproductive health in the two study communities and its potential consequences for health suggest both a need for care in using the term stigma as well as further studies on the feasibility of incorporating stigma-reduction strategies into young people’s sexual and reproductive health programmes.