Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Empirical Studies on Effort-Aware Security Vulnerability Prediction Methods

Security vulnerability prediction (SVP) can identify potential vulnerable modules in advance and then help developers to allocate most of the test resources to these modules. To evaluate the performance of different SVP methods, we should take the security audit and code inspection into account and then consider effort-aware performance measures (such as $ACC$ and $P_{\rm opt}$). However, to the best of our knowledge, the effectiveness of different SVP methods has not been thoroughly investigated in terms of effort-aware performance measures. In this article, we consider 48 different SVP methods, of which 36 are supervised methods and 12 are unsupervised methods. For the supervised methods, we consider 34 software-metric-based methods and two text-mining-based methods. For the software-metric-based methods, in addition to a large number of classification methods, we also consider four state-of-the-art methods (i.e., EALR, OneWay, CBS, and MULTI) proposed in recent effort-aware just-in-time defect prediction studies. For text-mining-based methods, we consider the Bag-of-Word model and the term-frequency-inverse-document-frequency model. For the unsupervised methods, all the modules are ranked in the ascendent order based on a specific metric. Since 12 software metrics are considered when measuring extracted modules, there are 12 different unsupervised methods. To the best of our knowledge, over 40 SVP methods have not been considered in previous SVP studies. In our large-scale empirical studies, we use three real open-source web applications written in PHP as benchmark. These three web applications include 3466 modules and 223 vulnerabilities in total. We evaluate these SVP methods both in the within-project SVP scenario and the cross-project SVP scenario. Empirical results show that two unsupervised methods [i.e., lines of code (LOC) and Halstead's volume (HV)] and four recently proposed state-of-the-art supervised methods (i.e., MULTI, OneWay, CBS, and EALR) can achieve better performance than the other methods in terms of effort-aware performance measures. Then, we analyze the reasons why these six methods can achieve better performance. For example, when using 20% of the entire efforts, we find that these six methods always require more modules to be inspected, especially for unsupervised methods LOC and HV. Finally, from the view of practical vulnerability localization, we find that all the unsupervised methods and the OneWay method have high false alarms before finding the first vulnerable module. This may have an impact on developers’ confidence and tolerance, and supervised methods (especially MULTI and text-mining-based methods) are preferred.
The Effects of Real-Time Visual Performance Feedback Using a Tier Approach for Increasing Behavior Specific Praise on Teachers

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iii DEDICATION . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . ix CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION . 1 Teacher Praise . 3 Rates of Praise. 5 Outcomes of Praise . 6 Behavioral Consultation. 8 Performance Feedback . 11 Real Time Performance Feedback . 15 Real-Time Visual Performance Feedback . 19 Purpose . 22 CHAPTER IIMETHODS . 23 Participants and Setting. 23 Students . 24 Materials . 24 vi MotivAider . 24 Wireless Screen Sharing Software (IPad) . 24 Behavior Intervention Rating Scale (BIRS) . 25 Consultation Acceptability and Satisfaction Scale (CASS). 25 Dependent Measures and Data Collection Procedures . 26 Experimental Design and Data Analysis . 27 Procedures . 28 Screening. 28 Baseline Phase A. 29 Teacher Training—Delayed Performance Feedback . 29 Intervention Phase B: Delayed performance Feedback . 30 Teacher Training—Visual Performance Feedback . 30 Intervention Phase C: Real-Time Visual Performance Feedback. 31 Interobserver Agreement, Procedural Integrity, and Treatment Integrity . 32 CHAPTER III – RESULTS . 36 Teacher 1 . 36 Teacher 2 . 37 Teacher 3 . 38 Social Validity . 45 CASS. 45 vii BIRS . 45 CHAPTER IVDISCUSSION . 47 Research Questions . 47 Research Question 1 and 2 . 47 Limitations and Future Directions . 49 Conclusion . 50
Men's self-perceptions of masculinity in response to acquired illness or injury and subsequent changes in occupational roles.

ix Chapter One – Introduction and Background to Study . 1 Background. 3 Occupation . 3 Occupational roles. 4 Masculinity . 5 Masculinity in New Zealand . 7 Men’s Health and Disability Profile . 8 Health and Disability in the New Zealand Context . 9 Health and disability system. 9 Accident Compensation Corporation. 10 Work and Income New Zealand. 11 My Interest. 11 Summary. 13 Chapter 2 Literature Review . 14 Method . 14 Results . 15 The male body. 15 Sport and disability. 18 Virility and sexual function. 21 Inability to protect and financially provide. 24 Fathering and the domestic sphere . 26
Evaluating the performance of InGaN/GaN multi-quantum-well solar cells operated at elevated temperatures via DC and small-signal AC analysis

InGaN/GaN multi-quantum-well (MQW) solar cells are investigated with temperature-dependent DC and AC analysis, and the effects of differing QW number and thickness are determined. The carrier transport is shown to be dominated by thermionic emission rather than tunneling at elevated temperature but limited by recombination outside the depletion region. Temperature-dependent AC parameters of the III-N MQW devices in high-level injection are determined through a refined AC circuit model of the device. It is shown that the use of AC small-signal analysis and its ability to extract stored charge in the QWs, the comparison of built-in potential to VOC, and other solar cell critical values allows a device designer insight not possible via DC analysis alone. This critical data suggests that the number of QWs and total depletion volume needs to be matched to the operational temperature of a given high temperature solar cell.
Evaluation of a Culturally Tailored Smoking Prevention Program for Asian American Youth

Abstract This study evaluated the effectiveness of a culturally tailored smoking prevention program for Asian American youth (Youth-PASS). A field-tested questionnaire was used to solicit information from participants on knowledge, attitudes and behaviors associated with tobacco and tobacco use, as well as satisfaction with prevention program content and style of presentation. Pretest and posttest paired data (n = 161) were collected and analyzed. Posttest results revealed a significant increase it, mean scores for knowledge related to tobacco use (4.1, p INTRODUCTION American youth represent a subset of the U.S. population that is highly susceptible to tobacco industry advertising and to peer pressure, hence are at highest risk of acquiring the smoking habit early in life and of becoming rapidly addicted to nicotine (Pierce & Gilpen, 1996). Age and early addiction to nicotine represent a critical health issue to public health officials and the agencies whose mission is to protect the health of children and adolescents. According to the results of a school-based survey of students in grades 6-12 conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2000, 23% of students surveyed "currently use any form of tobacco", 18% "currently smoke cigarettes", 15% "currently use some other form of tobacco" (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000b). A report by the American Osteopathic Association (2002) noted that 3,000 young people become regular tobacco users on a daily basis, and one-third of these will die from smoking-related diseases. Data from the Monitoring the Future Project indicated that the prevalence of cigarette smoking among high school students nationwide increased substantially during the first half of the last decade. Between 1991 and 1994, smoking among 8th graders increased from 14.3% to 18.6%, and among 10th graders, 12th graders, and college freshmen from 20.8% to 25.4%, 28.3% to 31.2%, and 9% to 12.5%, respectively, an average increase of over 3.8% for all student groups (Lloyd et al., 2002). Asian adolescent smoking behavior is also on the rise and depending on gender and ethnic subgroup, ranges from 14% to 28% (CDC, 1999, 2000a, 2000c; Chen & Hawks, 1995; Ma et al., 2003; Mermelstein, 1999; U.S. DHHS, 1998; SAMHSA, 1998; Wiecha, 1996). The male prevalence rate has been reported to be 17.9% (CDC, 2000a). Initiation to smoking early in life and early addiction to nicotine ensures a steady flow of lifetime smokers for the cigarette industry. Nearly 90% of adult smokers in the U.S. started smoking before age 18 (Elders, Perry, Eriksen, & Giovino, 1994). Addiction to smoking and nicotine is highly unlikely among those youth who abstain from smoking while in school and who graduate without acquiring the behavior (CDC, 1994a). Many young smokers are of the opinion that smoking and nicotine are not habit forming, hence are easy to relinquish; most are unaware of the severe dependency that nicotine can engender among the young (Pierce & Gilpen, 1996). …
UPPER LIMB JOINTS AND MOTIONS SAMPLING SYSTEM USING KINECT CAMERA

The needs of research on human posture and its joint-motion relationships are important. Providing a real-time postural measurement tool has attracted the attention of many human postural-related researchers. This study has developed and performed a validation analysis on a new innovative system for sampling and finding the angles of motions of each posture with its related joints using Kinect camera. The validation investigated the static and dynamic accuracy analyses by comparing to a Jamar goniometer and ErgoFellow system. The results showed that Mean Absolute Errors of Kinect in static and dynamic motions are 15.12% and 45.33% respectively. It is concluded that the postural measurement system developed by this study requires further improvements.
Slang feature extraction by analysing topic change on social media

Recently, the authors often see words such as youth slang, neologism and Internet slang on social networking sites (SNSs) that are not registered on dictionaries. Since the documents posted to SNSs include a lot of fresh information, they are thought to be useful for collecting information. It is important to analyse these words (hereinafter referred to as ‘slang’) and capture their features for the improvement of the accuracy of automatic information collection. This study aims to analyse what features can be observed in slang by focusing on the topic. They construct topic models from document groups including target slang on Twitter by latent Dirichlet allocation. With the models, they chronologically the analyse change of topics during a certain period of time to find out the difference in the features between slang and general words. Then, they propose a slang classification method based on the change of features.
Definición de procedimientos para fabricar honeypots IoT basados en criterios de búsqueda

Resumen—Con la revolución tecnológica que ha supuesto la Internet de las Cosas (Internet of Things, IoT) se han presentado escenarios donde la preocupación por la seguridad en dicho entorno es cada vez más relevante. Están comenzando a surgir vulnerabilidades en varios dispositivos, y los sistemas trampa son una excelente manera de lidiar con este problema. En este trabajo se analizan soluciones para honeypots en el entorno IoT (y en otros que se puedan adaptar) para sentar las bases de una metodologı́a que permita el despliegue de honeypots IoT.
Bayesian Graph Selection Consistency For Decomposable Graphs

Gaussian graphical models are a popular tool to learn the dependence structure in the form of a graph among variables of interest. Bayesian methods have gained in popularity in the last two decades due to their ability to simultaneously learn the covariance and the graph and characterize uncertainty in the selection. For scalability of the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms, decomposability is commonly imposed on the graph space. A wide variety of graphical conjugate priors are proposed jointly on the covariance matrix and the graph with improved algorithms to search along the space of decomposable graphs, rendering the methods extremely popular in the context of multivariate dependence modeling. {\it An open problem} in Bayesian decomposable structure learning is whether the posterior distribution is able to select the true graph asymptotically when the dimension of the variables increases with the sample size. In this article, we explore specific conditions on the true precision matrix and the graph which results in an affirmative answer to this question using a commonly used hyper-inverse Wishart prior on the covariance matrix and a suitable complexity prior on the graph space. In absence of structural sparsity assumptions, our strong selection consistency holds in a high dimensional setting where $p = O(n^{\alpha})$ for $\alpha < 1/3$. In addition, we show when the likelihood is misspecified, i.e. when the true graph is non-decomposable, the posterior distribution on the graph concentrates on a set of graphs that are minimal triangulations of the true graph.
Detection and Elimination of Wormhole Attacks in a MANET

—Wormhole attacks in Mobile ad hoc networks is impermeable to traditional security measures. The attack can be launched regardless of the MAC, routing, or security protocol used in the network. Two or more malicious nodes in conspiracy usually perform the wormhole attack. Two malicious nodes at different locations send received routing messages to each other via a secrete channel. In this way, although the two malicious nodes are located far from each other, they appear to be within one-hop communications range. Wormhole nodes can successfully execute such attacks without compromising any computer, and are inevitable even though some ad hoc wireless networks provide authenticity and confidentiality protection. Practically all widespread security extensions are proposed for popular routing protocols but they do not alleviate wormhole attacks. However, since wormhole attack such a severe thread to MANET security. In this situation wormhole attack methodology presented is motivated by WARP and the same procedure and terminology is used but slight modification In this work wormhole attack is detected and eliminated by simply modifying AODV routing protocol and its performance is measured.
The Whole Nine Months and Then Some

Abstract Having a baby is one of life's greatest changes, causing even the most knowledgeable health care consumers to ask many questions about pregnancy, birth, and infant health. The Internet offers many resources for prospective and new parents from many different types of sites. This article describes the most useful sites in the following categories: medical megasites-huge repositories of health information for consumers; pregnancy and parenting sites; and pediatric sites; plus specialized sites on infertility, locating a practitioner, prenatal testing, pregnancy complications, breastfeeding, postpartum depression, pregnancy loss, and more.
KAJIAN PENCEMARAN AIR TANAH OLEH LINDI DI SEKITAR TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR SAMPAH AIR DINGIN KOTA PADANG

Tempat pembuangan akhir Air Dingin Kota Padang operasionalnya menggunakan sistem Open damping. Terdapat perumahan penduduk pada radius 200 m dari TPA yang menjadikan air sumur dangkal sebagai sumber air utama dan perlu dilakukan permodelan menggunakan model Domenico and Scwartz untuk mengetahui sejauh mana penyebaran lindi pada air tanah. Parameter yang di simulasi meliputi Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Timbal (Pb) dan Besi (Fe). Dari hasil pengukuran lindi TPA melebihi baku mutu Kep. No. 51/MENLH/I0/1995 Fe 5,4 mg/L, Pb 0,85 mg/L dan COD 3400 mg/L . Pengukuran kontaminan pada sumur warga di lakukan pada 3 sumur dengan jarak 300, 600 dan 900 meter dari TPA searah aliran air tanah. Hasil pengukuran parameter pada sumur warga menunjukan nilai COD yang tinggi. Simulasi Fe dan Pb yang berasal dari lindi telah menyebar ± 175 m dari TPA mengikuti aliran air tanah. Penyebaran kontaminan COD mencapai ± 40 m arah longitudinal dan ± 200 m arah transversal. Prediksi Pencemaran Fe dan Pb pada air tanah terjadi 93 tahun yang akan datang dan mencapai jarak 312 meter dari TPA. Sedangkan konsentrasi COD mengalami fase steady state pada jarak 40 meter dari TPA.Tingginya nilai kontaminan COD yang terukur pada sumur warga di sekitar TPA Air Dingin Padang bukan disebabkan oleh pencemaran lindi TPA, namun disebabkan faktor lain seperti kandungan COD yang tinggi pada air tanah di sekitar lokasi TPA.
Real-Time Simulation and Rendering of 3D Fluids

Physically based animation of fluids such as smoke, water, and fire provides some of the most stunning visuals in computer graphics, but it has historically been the domain of high-quality offline rendering due to great computational cost. In this chapter we show not only how these effects can be simulated and rendered in real time, as Figure 30-1 demonstrates, but also how they can be seamlessly integrated into real-time applications. Physically based effects have already changed the way interactive environments are designed. But fluids open the doors to an even larger world of design possibilities.
Eliittilukioiden vaikutukset yliopisto-opintojen aloittamiseen ja koulutusalan valintaan

Kansainvälisten vertailujen mukaan peruskoulujen väliset erot oppimistuloksissa ovat olleet Suomessa vähäisiä, vaikkakin viime vuosina ne ovat kasvaneet. Sen sijaan toisen asteen koulutuksessa ja varsinkin lukioissa koulujen välillä on ollut jo pitkään isoja oppilaspohjaa ja oppimistuloksia koskevia eroja. Nämä erot korostuvat varsinkin isoimmissa kaupungeissa, joissa kilpailtujen ja suosittujen lukioiden sisäänpääsyrajat muodostuvat hyvin korkeiksi. Kutsumme tällaisia hyvin korkean sisäänpääsyrajan lukioita eliittilukioiksi. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on tutkia eliittilukioiden vaikutusta yliopisto-opintojen aloittamiseen ja opintoalan valintaan. Tarkasteltavaksi on valittu viisi lukiota, joiden yleislinjojen keskiarvorajat ovat olleet pääkaupunkiseudun korkeimpia vuosina 2000–2008. Lukiot ovat Etelä-Tapio lan lukio, Helsingin normaalilyseon lukio (Norssi), Helsingin yliopiston Viikin normaalikoulun lukio (Viikki), Mäkelänrinteen lukio (Märsky) ja Ressun lukio. Aikaisemman tutkimuksen perusteella tarkastelemillamme eliittilukioilla ei ole vaikutusta ylioppilaskirjoitusten arvosanoihin (Tervonen & al. 2017). Kyseiset lukiot voivat kuitenkin tuottaa opiskelijoilleen hyötyjä, jotka eivät näy ylioppilaskirjoitusten arvosanoissa. Yksi tällainen mahdollinen hyöty on se, että eliittilukiossa opiskellut saattaa päästä todennäköisemmin yliopistoon tai muuhun korkeakouluun kuin eliittilukion ulkopuolelle jäänyt. Tässä tapauksessa kyse voisi olla siitä, että eliittilukioissa opitaan esimerkiksi yliopiston pääsykokeissa hyödyttäviä taitoja. Lisäksi eliittilukiossa opiskelu saattaa esimerkiksi johtaa muissa lukioissa opiskelevien valintoja kunnianhimoisempiin alavalintoihin jatko-opinnoissa.
Clinical features and prognostic factors of breast cancer in Jordan

Objective: To analyze the clinical presentation and outcome of Jordanian patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Data from 184 patients registered and treated at different Royal Medical Services Hospitals in Jordan from January 2002 to December 2005 were analyzed. The variables noted included age, site, lymph nodes status, grade and type of the breast cancer found. Results: The median age was 52.5 years and 54% patients were pre-menopausal. Ninety-six per cent patients presented with a lump and majority (86.4%) had a lump size > two cm. Stage 1 was found in 7.6%, Stage 2 in 60.3% and Stage 3 in 32.1% patients. Right breast was involved in 50.5%, left breast in 48.9% and one case had a bilateral involvement. Most patients were prescribed Tamoxifen for 5 years. Conclusions: Many patients with breast cancer presented in late stages with large lumps. Thus, breast cancer prognosis in Jordan remains poor primarily due to late diagnosis. (Rawal Med J 2007;32:50-52)
Corrigendum: Thermal neutron scattering cross sections of 238U and 235U in the γ phase (2018 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 30 415401)

The development of metallic, low-enrichment uranium fuels requires accurate prediction of their neutron transport properties and reactivity parameters, which in turn require thermal neutron scattering data. Accurate prediction of thermal neutron scattering data, including thermal cross sections, requires knowledge of the phonon scattering properties of the medium, but such matrix binding effects in next-generation fuels such as U – Mo, U – Zr, and U – Si are typically neglected because these effects are often difficult to measure or calculate. Using molecular dynamics simulations with previously published interatomic potentials, we calculate the phonon dispersion relations and phonon densities of states for 235 U and 238 U in the α and γ phases. The performance of these potentials was evaluated using published ab initio simulation data and inelastic neutron scattering data. The phonon densities of states obtained by each potential were then utilized to calculate the thermal neutron scattering cross sections of 235 U and 238 U at 1113 K using the NJOY program. The resulting thermal neutron scattering cross sections are assessed by comparison to data obtained from available experimental densities of states. The cross sections generated show how the addition of binding effects decreases the cross section by up to a factor of six over the free-atom model. A definite effect on reactivity is also demonstrated by the use of these thermal libraries on a simple core model. As a consequence, the cross sections generated in this work provide a better description of the true cross section than the free-atom data currently available. We also discuss the sensitivity of the thermal scattering cross sections to the phonon density of states.
Brain-Computer Interface Application in Robotic Gripper Control

In robotics research, the electroencephalograph (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) as a control input has been used in designing prosthesis, wheelchairs and virtual navigation. The paper presents the research work on BCI development that communicates between an operator and a robotic gripping device. The control of a BCI robotic hand is broken down into two main subsystems. The first subsystem acquires a signal from the brain through the Emotiv EPOC EEG headset, extracts features and translates them into an input to the control system. The second subsystem incorporates kinematics and feedback from sensors, to control the multiple degrees of freedom used in the gripping device depending on the action specified by the higher-level BCI control. The BCI is trained to filter and extract features relating to the different hand motions from the data sets. Machine learning is used in conjunction with data filtering, feature extraction, and feature classification techniques to create a more accurate and personalized BCI hand control system. The system analyzes the EEG data, compares with the EEG data patterns from previous attempts. The test results demonstrate the movement functions of the gripper using the BCI, and the success rate for each function are presented in this paper.