Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium species copro-antigens in piglets in Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium spp. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. copro-antigens in piglets from Kafanchan, Kaduna Sate, Nigeria. A total of 185 faecal samples from piglets were collected and tested using a commercial kit (Copro-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent AssayTM). An overall prevalence of 16.8% (31/185) was recorded from the study. The prevalence was relatively higher in piglets of age 5 to 6 weeks (17.8%), than age 0 to 4 weeks (15.4%), in male (17.7%) than in female (15.9%), in Land white breed (17.5%) than in Land race breed (12.0%), in piglets managed under semi-intensive (18.7%), than those managed under intensive system (10.9%). There were no statistical significant associations (p>0.05) among the various parameters investigated, however, piglets with diarrhea had higher (34.5%) rate of infection than those without (13.5%) diarrhea and the association was statistically significant (OR = 3.383; 95% CI on OR: 1.385 < OR <8.265, p = 0.007). Among the investigated factors, presence of diarrhea was shown to be a significant factor in the spread of Cryptosporidium infection in piglets. It may be concluded that such a symptom needs to be routinely investigated under the production systems practiced in the study area in view of the economic and public health importance.
Poster Abstract : Sensor Data Collection Using Constructive Interference Flooding

In this paper we propose a flooding-based data collection protocol by taking advantage of constructive interference (CI). Different from conventional approaches for data collection in wireless sensor networks, which are based on unicast forwarding, our protocol is based on CI flooding without any routing topology. We analyze the performance of applying CI to ZigBee under the influence of frequency offset with a GNU Radio simulation. Then we design and implement an initial periodic data collection protocol based on CI flooding, and show that both low power consumption and high reliability can be achieved.
Non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries from modular symmetry in string compactification

Modular symmetry is a symmetry on two dimensional torus T 2 typically considered in string compactification. First, we study the modular symmetry in magnetized D-brane models on T . Zero-modes on T 2 with magnetic flux M = 2 (in a certain unit) are transformed as doublet of S3 with certain identification under the transformation of the modulus. We also study the modular symmetry in heterotic orbifold models. The T /Z4 orbifold model has the same modular symmetry as the magnetized D-brane model with M = 2. Next, we study lepton flavor models with S3 and A4 symmetries from the modular group. We consider S3 model with flavons and A4 models with no flavon. In A4 model, we classify our neutrino models along with type I seesaw model, Weinberg operator model, and the Dirac neutrino model. In the normal hierarchy of neutrino masses, the seesaw model is available by taking account for recent experimental data of neutrino oscillations. In the case of inverted hierarchy, the Dirac neutrino model is consistent with experimental data.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SQUASH GAME

1 Squash is a sport characterized by complex physical, technical and tactical demands. 2 Despite its increased popularity, there is presently no synthesis of the literature 3 pertaining to the performance requirements of squash. As such, it is difficult to 4 generate evidence based guidelines for applied practitioners working with squash 5 athletes. The purposes of this review were to a) identify the most important aspects 6 of squash performance with reference to junior and senior athletes, b) identify and 7 discuss the available methods of assessment of squash performance and c) identify 8 areas where further research efforts are needed so that the performance requirements 9 of the squash game are understood. Critical analysis of literature pertaining to; 10 movement characteristics and time motion analyses, physiological demands, methods 11 of assessing physical qualities, psychological demands and injury epidemiology were 12 conducted. A summary of the physical characteristics of squash athletes of varying 13 ages and playing standards is presented. Time motion analysis studies present 14 consistent information on the game demands. There are limited data on game 15 demands evolution from youth to senior. There appears to be usable testing protocols 16 available for practitioners supporting squash athletes, although further work is needed 17 to determine the applicability of these measures in junior athletes. Furthermore, better 18 controlled studies are required to establish the injury risks associated with squash. 19 20
Case Study of Hotel Taj In The Context of CRM and Customer Retention

To enhance profitability and guest satisfaction and loyalty, the organizations (hotels) should focus on implementing Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies that aim to seek, gather and store the right information, validate and share it throughout the organization . Hotel industry is a highly flourishing, lucrative and competitive market. To compete in such a market, the hotels should focus on maintaining good relations with the customers and satisfying the customers. Increasingly, the organizations are using Customer Relationship Management (CRM) to help boost sales and revenues by focusing on customer retention and customer loyalty. The present research was undertaken to study the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) practices in hotel industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on customer loyalty in the hotel industry. The study was conducted at the Hotel Taj Hotel, New Delhi. The objectives of the study were to determine if (CRM) has an impact on customer retention, to determine if the practice of effective CRM in organizations leads to a long or short term financial impact, to find out the extent or degree to which effective CRM leads to customer satisfaction and to assess if the services provided by the hotel meets the needs and wants of customers. It was found that most of the employees had a positive attitude towards CRM practices and the most common activities undertaken were studying the existing database of the customers and personal counseling. The benefits of CRM are increased customer satisfaction and increased customer retention.
CLICKTIVISM OR SLACTIVISM ? IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT AN D MORAL LICENSING

Online tools provide ample opportunity for individu als to engage in “clicktivism”, i.e., expressing one’s support to social causes and progr ams of social change. Since expressing one’s support in this way is associated with minima l costs and limited tangible benefits, we refer to it as symbolic actions. We build on previo us work on moral dynamics and suggest that engaging in such symbolic (prosocial) actions can undermine individuals’ motivation to perform more substantial prosocial behavior (i.e, b ehavior that requires an investment of time, effort, or money). We propose that impression manag ement explains the effect. In two studies, we find that engaging in symbolic actions leads to a moral licensing effect, but only for individuals high in impression management conce r s, not for individuals low in impression management. We contribute in two ways to previous work on moral dynamics, (1) by showing that moral licensing can occur after sym bolic actions, and (2) by suggesting that impression management can be an alternative explana tion for moral licensing effects. In practical terms this paper suggests that clicktivis m can easily turn into slacktivism. Follow-up research addresses ways to counteract this effect.
QR-CODE BASED NON-REPUDIATION TRANSACTION VERIFICATION SYSTEM

The state-of-the-art methods for securing e-commerce transactions resistant even to compromised client workstation are based on using independent security devices or separate communication channels. These systems either do not support non-repudiation and/or are expensive and thus suitable only for special cases, where such additional costs are justified. In this article a new cheaper transaction verification method, which supports non-repudiation, is described. A cell phone or tablet communicating with the client workstation using qr-codes is used as an independent security device. There are no additional costs for service providers except for initial SW implementation. The proposed method brings better transaction verification to the areas where the usage of current methods is uneconomical.
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) genetic diversity and prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in treatment-naïve adults in Jos, North Central Nigeria

1 AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN), Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. 2 Department of Medicine, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. 3 Department of Family Medicine, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. 4 HIV-R Laboratory, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisian Kisumu, Kenya. 5 National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria. 6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. 7 Department of Paediatrics, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. 8 Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Jos, Nigeria. 9 Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
Valéry Ridde vulnerable populations in Burkina Faso Evaluation of a knowledge transfer strategy from a user fee exemption program for

As part of this special issue contributing to the development of knowledge on vulnerability and health in Africa, this article analyzes one example of a knowledge transfer strategy aimed at improving the use of research results that could help reduce the vulnerability of certain populations. In this case, since September 2008, the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe e.V. (HELP) has conducted a trial of subsidizing 100% of the costs of health care for vulnerable populations in two health districts of Burkina Faso. A scientific partnership was created to produce evidence on the intervention, and a knowledge transfer strategy was developed to promote the use of that evidence by stakeholders (decision-makers, people working in the health system, funding partners, etc.). The results showed that considerable efforts were invested in knowledge transfer activities and that these led to all types of use (instrumental, conceptual, persuasive). However, considerable variation in use was observed from one setting to another. This article presents some lessons to be drawn from this experience. (Global Health Promotion, 2013; 20 Supp. 1: 70–79).
?Low-Tech? Research - Revisited

In recent years, a growing body of literature has convincingly proven the innovativeness of lowand medium-technology (LMT) firms in advanced economies. This paper reviews the main research findings and highlights the unresolved impasse in LMT research between the sectoral and the firm-led perspectives on innovation. To overcome this problem, the paper draws on the concept of technological regimes and outlines four different LMT innovation regimes. These regimes are not identical with LMT sectors but refer to different innovation patterns identified on the firm level.
n updated overview of clinical guidelines for chronic low back pain anagement in primary care

Objectives: In the past decade many countries around the world have produced clinical practice guidelines to assist practitioners in providing a care that is aligned with the best evidence. The aim of this study was to present and compare the most established evidence-based recommendations for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain in primary care derived from current high-quality international guidelines. Methods: Guidelines published or updated since 2002 were selected by searching PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, guidelines databases, and the World Wide Web. The methodological quality of the guidelines was assessed by three authors independently, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Instrument. Guideline recommendations were synthesized into diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that were supported by strong, moderate or weak evidence. Results: Thirteen guidelines were included. In general, the quality was satisfactory. Guidelines had highest scores on clarity and presentation and scope and purpose domains, and lowest scores on applicability. There was a strong consensus among all the guidelines particularly regarding the use of diagnostic triage and the assessment of prognostic factors. Consistent therapeutic recommendations were information, exercise therapy, multidisciplinary treatment, and combined physical and psychological interventions. Conclusion: Compared to previous assessments, the average quality of the guidelines dealing with chronic low back pain has improved. Furthermore, all guidelines are increasingly aligning in providing therapeutic recommendations that are clearly differentiated from those formulated for acute pain. However, there is still a need for improving quality and generating new evidence for this particular condition. nçais © 2011 Société fra
Sleepiness and fatigue after TBI 1 Running head: Sleepiness and fatigue after TBI Sleepiness and fatigue following traumatic brain injury

Objectives: To compare individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to healthy controls (CTLs) on measures of sleepiness, fatigue, and sleep, and explore correlates of sleepiness and fatigue separately for each group. Methods: Participants were 22 adults with moderate/severe TBI (time since injury ≥ 1 year; mean = 53.0 ± 37.1 months) and 22 matched healthy CTLs. They underwent one night of polysomnographic (PSG) recording of their sleep followed the next day by the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT). They also completed a 14-day sleep diary, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). Results: There were no significant group differences on measures of objective (MWT) or subjective (ESS) sleepiness, both groups being quite alert. However, TBI participants reported greater consequences of sleepiness on their general productivity (FOSQ), spent more time in bed at night, and napped more frequently and for a longer time during the day. Subjective fatigue was significantly higher in TBI participants on the general, physical, and mental fatigue MFI subscales. There were no between-group differences on any sleep parameters derived either from PSG or sleep diary. Conclusions: Fatigue appeared to be a more prominent symptom than sleepiness when assessed between 1 and 11 years after TBI. Participants with TBI used compensatory strategies such as increasing time spent in bed and daytime napping in this sample. Future research should document the time course of sleepiness and fatigue after TBI and investigate treatment options.
rekonstruksi gambar dan kompresi gambar. Pengolahan citra digital pada makalah ini difokuskan pada teknik peningkatan kualitas dalam domain spasial, khususnya penggunaan teknik deteksi tepi. Teknik peningkatan citra digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas gambar digital, baik untuk menekankan karakter

Abstrak Penentuan tepi suatu objek dalam pengolahan citra merupakan salah satu bidang pengolahan citra digital yang paling awal dan paling banyak dipelajari. Proses ini sering dijadikan langkah awal dalam segmentasi citra aplikasi, yang bertujuan untuk mengenali benda-benda yang terkandung dalam gambar atau konteks keseluruhan citra. Sedangkan untuk teknik peningkatan kualitas gambar dapat dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu meningkatkan kualitas citra dalam domain spasial dan domain frekuensi. Dalam domain spasial, ada dua macam filter, filter Smoothing dan filter Sharpening. Filter penghalus (Smoothiing) berada pada filter Low-pass yang terdiri dari filter linier (mengambil nilai rata-rata), dan filter Median yang terdiri dari filter non-linear (mengambil median setiap jendela lingkungan). Sedangkan untuk Sharpening filters ada beberapa jenis dan metode, yaitu Roberts, Prewitt dan Sobel (Edge Detection) yaitu filter High-pass. Deteksi tepi pada gambar adalah proses yang akan menghasilkan tepi objek gambar, yang digunakan untuk berbagai tujuan termasuk penggunaan deteksi tepi dalam penggunaannya untuk pengenalan fisik suatu gambar. Tujuan dari teknik peningkatan kualitas gambar ini adalah untuk melakukan pengolahan citra sehingga hasilnya memiliki kualitas citra awal yang relatif lebih baik untuk aplikasi tertentu. Kata kunci: domain spasial, pengolahan citra, pendeteksian tepi gambar.
Macro-plastic litter , a new vector for boreal species dispersal on Svalbard

The 100 km long west coast of Prins Karl Forlandet (westernmost island of Svalbard archipelago) was assessed for the density of macro-plastic litter. The most numerous were fragments of fishing gear (buoys, ropes, nets) followed by various containers, sheets of foil and plastic textiles. The total density was estimated at 14 400 items with a total weight of 18 tonnes of plastic debris on the inspected coastline. The largest objects (fishing boxes, containers) were colonised by barnacles (Semibalanus sp.), gooseneck barnacles (Lepas sp.), blue shells (Mytilus sp.), bryozoans and marine macro-algae. The rafting of groups of adult organisms favours their better biological dispersal compared to larval transport, and is regarded here as the main reason for reappearance of genus Mytilus on Svalbard.
RELIABILITY-BASED APPROACH FOR RESIDUAL LIFE PREDICTION OF BRIDGES SUBJECTED TO EARTHQUAKE DEGRADATION

Structural degradation caused by sudden damaging extreme events (e.g. earthquake) has significant impact on residual life of bridges and ultimately the collapse of bridges. This paper presents a reliability-based approach of a bridge subjected to shock degradation caused by earthquake events. In particular, this study develops a numerical procedure for assessing time dependent probability of failure to estimate the residual life a bridge. Key factors that govern the residual life of a bridge (e.g., damage size caused by earthquake shocks and loss of initial structural capacity) were investigated. The results of study show that both damage size caused by earthquake shocks and loss of initial structural capacity are key factors that govern residual life of a bridge.
Biological characterization of different isolates of Pieris brassicae Granulosis virus

To determine the biological characteristics of different isolates of Pieris brassicae Granulosis virus, bioassays were carried out against the third instar larvae of Pieris brassicae under laboratory conditions. The four different GV isolates of P. brassicae isolated from different geographical regions, exhibited differential degree of pathogenicity in terms of both LD50 and ST50. The LD50 values of different GV isolates of P. brassicae against 3 instar larvae of P. brassicae varied from 6.31 x 10 to 1.22 x 10 OBs/larvae with non significant differences between the isolates. However, significant differences were observed in the ST50 estimates of four different isolates of PibrGV against 3 instar larvae of P. brassicae which varied from 5.90 to 7.43 days. The Sudhmahadev isolate exhibited 11.0120. 59% reduction in ST50 as compared to Poonch, Chatha and Himachal Pradesh isolates. Among all these isolates, Sudhmahadev isolate of PibrGV was found to be most effective.
Evaluation of GERD Diagnosis , Management , and Outcomes Mada

Background: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a condition which develops when the reflux of gastric content causes troublesome symptoms or complications. GERD is arguably the most common disease encountered by the gastroenterologist. It is equally likely that the primary care providers will find that complaints related to reflux disease constitute a large proportion of their practice. (1) GERD condition can present with different presentations and the response to the intervention significantly differs from patient to patient. As a result reviewing the new literatures done in this field will help in providing a better outcomes for the patients. Objective: Treating patients with GERD is difficult and needs different approaches. In this paper, we reviewed the major and the latest studies regarding GERD symptomatology, risk factors, diagnosis and management. Method: A comprehensive search was done using biomedical databases; Medline, and PubMed, for studies concerned with assessment of GERD.
The effect of polyethylene glycol Mw 400 and 600 on stability of Shellac

The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) having molecular weight of 400 and 600 on stability of shellac waxfree prepared by solvent-evaporation method was reported in the present paper. The stability of shellac was tested by life under heat at 125 C for 10 , 30 , 90 , and 180 minutes. It was found that that stability of shellac decreased with heating time at 125 C. PEG400 gave the most stable effect of shellac for 30 minutes of heating, whereas at 90 minutes and above PEG600 gave the most effect of shellac stability as shown by insoluble solid test and FTIR. The WVTR showed that water vapour barrier properties of PEG600/shellac was beter than that of PEG400/shellac system.
Body-Centric Interactions With Very Large Wall Displays

We explore a set of body-centric interaction techniques for very large wall displays. The techniques described include: virtual tools that are stored on a user’s own body, protocols for sharing personal information between co-located collaborators, a shadow representation of users’ bodies, and methods for positioning virtual light sources in the work environment. These techniques are important as a group because they serve to unify the virtual world and the physical world, breaking down the barriers between display space, personal body space, and shared room space. We describe an implementation of these techniques as integrated into a collaborative map viewing and editing application. ACM Classification: H5.2 [Information interfaces and presentation]: User Interfaces. Input devices and strategies. General terms: Design, Human Factors