Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon fluxes in a coastal area of northern Portugal

Carbon fluxes in a coastal area of northern Portugal. Estuaries have been the focus of several studies of the carbon biogeochemical cycle. Despite their small area compared with other coastal regions, estuaries may play a significant role in the carbon biogeochemical cycle due to their intense biogeochemical activity resulting from river and anthropogenic inputs of organic and inorganic matter. Most of these studies suggest that estuaries are sources of carbon inputs to the atmosphere. This study describes a study conducted in the Ave estuary (northern Portugal) in summer 2011 and winter 2012 to quantify the air-water CO2 fluxes. Surface waters were always oversaturated in CO2 relative to the atmosphere. CO2 partial pressure ranged from =689 to = 1111 uatm in summer during the flood and the ebb, respectively, whereas winter values ranged from = 767 to = 1021 uatm during the ebb and the flood, respectively. These results suggest that the Ave estuary releases CO2 to the atmosphere at rates ranging from 6 to 34 mmol Cm-2 d-1, in summer and from 13 to 40 mmol Cm-2 d-1 in winter. These values are lower than estimates for other Portuguese estuaries, such as the Tagus, Douro or Sado.
Geometric Deep Learned Descriptors for 3D Shape Recognition

The availability of large 3D shape benchmarks has sparked a flurry of research activity in the development of efficient techniques for 3D shape recognition, which is a fundamental problem in a variety of domains such as pattern recognition, computer vision, and geometry processing. A key element in virtually any shape recognition method is to represent a 3D shape by a concise and compact shape descriptor aimed at facilitating the recognition tasks. The recent trend in shape recognition is geared toward using deep neural networks to learn features at various levels of abstraction, and has been driven, in large part, by a combination of affordable computing hardware, open source software, and the availability of large-scale datasets. In this thesis, we propose deep learning approaches to 3D shape classification and retrieval. Our approaches inherit many useful properties from the geodesic distance, most notably the capture of the intrinsic geometric structure of 3D shapes and the invariance to isometric deformations. More specifically, we present an integrated framework for 3D shape classification that extracts discriminative geometric shape descriptors with geodesic moments. Further, we introduce a geometric framework for unsupervised 3D shape retrieval using geodesic moments and stacked sparse autoencoders. The key idea is to learn deep shape representations in an unsupervised manner. Such discriminative shape descriptors can then be used to compute pairwise dissimilarities between shapes in a dataset, and to find the retrieved set of the most relevant shapes to a given shape query. Experimental evaluation on three standard 3D shape benchmarks demonstrate the competitive performance of our approach in comparison with existing techniques. We also introduce a deep similarity network fusion framework for 3D shape classification using a graph convolutional neural network, which is an efficient and scalable deep learning model for graph-structured data. The proposed approach coalesces the geometrical discriminative power of geodesic moments and similarity network fusion in an effort to design a simple, yet discriminative shape descriptor. This geometric shape descriptor is then fed into the graph convolutional neural network to learn a deep feature representation of a 3D shape. We validate our method on ModelNet shape benchmarks, demonstrating that the proposed framework yields significant performance gains compared to state-of-the-art approaches.
Intraspecific interactions among oophagous tadpoles (Chirixalus eiffingeri: Rhacophoridae) living in bamboo stumps in Taiwan

We studied the intraspecific interactions among oophagous Chirixalus eiffingeri tadpoles that occupied the same water-filled bamboo stumps at Chitou, Taiwan. We monitored the growth of newly-hatched tadpoles in unoccupied and occupied bamboo stumps in the field where the latter contained large tadpoles that hatched from earlier clutches. The growth of the small, late-hatching tadpoles in occupied nests was suppressed by the presence of large, early-hatching tadpoles. However, small tadpoles that were physically separated from large tadpoles in a perforated container grew at about the same rate as small tadpoles living in pools without large tadpoles. Thus, the slower growth of the late-hatching tadpoles was probably caused by behavioural interference competition with the early-hatching tadpoles. In the laboratory, we kept large and small tadpoles together in containers and did not feed them for 6 days. The large tadpoles did not cannibalize the small tadpoles. Although large tadpoles may scavenge dead tadpoles, the effects of scavenging on growth were negligible. Interactions among cohabiting C. eiffingeri tadpoles are similar to those among the oophagous tadpoles of several hylid species that use phytotelmata. Results suggest that behavioural interference competition is the principal type of intraspecific interactions among the oophagous, non-predatory tadpoles of hylid and rhacophorid frogs.
The Plant Golgi Apparatus: Structure, Functional Organization and Trafficking Mechanisms

262 INTRODUCTION 262 THE OOLGI APPARATUS, TON AND PCR 263 The Plant Golgi Apparatus Consists of a Set of Dispersed, Functionally Independent Golgi Stack-TGN Units 263 A Goigi Matrix Encompasses E a c h Golgi Stack and its Trans-Golgi Network . 264 Cryofixed Golgi Stacks: Differences in Cisternae and Stack Architecture . 266 TON vs PCR: Two Functional Domains of the Same Organelle? 268 The Biosynthesis of N-Glycans Involves Enzymes in ER and Golgi Compartments . 270 a-Glyc an Biosynthesis is Initiated in Cis-Golgi Cisternae . 271 Complex Polysaccharides are Assembled in Golgi Stacks and the TGN 272 Golgi Membrane Proteins are Targeted by Signals in their Transmembrane Domains, and TGN Proteins by Signals in their Cytoplasmic Tails . 274 VESICLE-MEDIATED TRANSPORT MECHANISMS 274 Transport Through the Golgi Stack: A Critical Evaluation of Models 274 The Vesicle Transport Machinery is Highly Conserved . 276 COP and Clathrin Vesicle Coats are Composed of Many Proteins . 278 Assembly of Coated Vesicles Involves Sarlp and ARF GTP-Binding Proteins 279 Vesicle Targeting Involves Vesicle-Specific Ligand-Receptor Systems . 280 The Vesicle Fusion Machinery is Shared by Different Transport Systems. 280 Rab GTP-Binding Proteins may be Proofreaders of vlt-SNARE Pair Formation, andlor ActivatorslDeactivators of the Fusion Complex . 281 CONCLUDING REMARKS . 282 The Future? 282
Temporal and depth-related patterns of fine root dynamics in northern hardwood forests

1 The dynamics of fine (< 2.0 mm) roots growing in two northern hardwood forests were quantified to a depth of 1 m in 10-cm increments. We hypothesized that patterns of root production and mortality would be broadly synchronous at all depths, but that deep roots would be comparatively less dynamic than shallow roots. 2 Our data showed that shallow roots were responsible for the majority of total annual fine root production and mortality. Nearly half of all roots growing and dying in the 1 -m profile occurred in the upper 20 cm of the soil, while roots located at depths of 75 cm or more accounted for only 11% of annual production and 4% of annual mortality. 3 Fine root production prior to, or coincident with, canopy expansion was significant at all depths. The relative importance of early fine root growth generally increased with depth, with between 50 and 80% of annual production occurring prior to midJune at depths exceeding 50 cm. Episodic deep root production during the growing season appeared to be related to periods of high water demand. 4 Patterns of fine root mortality were more variable among depths. Mortality was distributed rather evenly throughout the year near the soil surface, but mid-season mortality was generally low at depths greater than 50 cm.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker associated with salt tolerance during seeds germination and growth of selected Acacia senegal provenances

Seed germination and seedling growth of 20 provenances of Acacia senegal were evaluated under salinity conditions. For germination study, seeds irrigated with NaCl in five concentrations had electrical conductivities (EC) of 0 (only distilled water), 2, 4, 6 and 10 dSm -1 . Final germination percentage (FG) and germination rate index (GRI) were recorded during 14 days. The result showed significant effect of salinity and provenance on FG and GRI. Seed germination was significantly reduced in all provenances with the increase in NaCl concentrations. Provenance Al Feel (FE, clay+ high rainfall) from Eastern Sudan was more tolerant than the other provenances at seed emergence stage. Greenhouse experiment examined the growth response of 8 provenances A. senegal chosen as the most tolerant provenances at seeds germination study. Potted seedlings aged 3 weeks were irrigated with 0, 4, 6 and 10 dSm-1. Seedling height, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio were measured for 4 weeks. Provenances showed a large variability in growth characteristics. No correlation between seed sources (soil type and rainfall) and growth response was found. However, provenance MH shows tolerance to salt stress at seedling stage. The genetic polymorphism between the provenances was detected by RAPD analysis. Forty four (44) out of 51 bands detected were polymorphic for the provenances of A. senegal and the dissimilarity indices between the studied provenances were less than 39%. Key words : Acacia Senegal, provenance variation, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker, salt tolerance, seed germination, seedling growth.
Nitrogenase derepresssion, its regulation and metabolic changes associated with diazotrophy in the non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum PCC 73110

Summary: The regulation of nitrogenase derepression, plus the catalytic activity and protein concentration of glutamine synthetase (GS), nitrate reductase (NR), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and phycoerythrin (PE) were studied in the filamentous non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum PCC 73110. Both nitrogen limitation and microaerobic incubation were essential for the derepression of nitrogenase. Oxygen caused irreversible inactivation of nitrogenase, as well as repression of its synthesis. A temporal separation of N2 fixation and net photosynthetic O2 evolution was observed under a N2/CO2 (95:5, v/v) atmosphere. Repeated peaks of nitrogenase and growth were observed. Immunogold localization showed that in N2-fixing cultures, all cells, including those undergoing division, contained nitrogenase, and that the nitrogenase antigen was uniformly distributed throughout the cells without any preferential association with cellular structures. Rubisco was mainly located in carboxysomes of both N2-fixing and NO- 3-grown cells. Both N2-fixing and NO- 3 -grown cells showed similar levels of PE, which was associated with the thylakoid membranes. GS antigen was distributed throughout the cells and the relative amounts of this enzyme, as well as its activity, were 20% higher in N2-fixing than in NO- 3-grown cultures. NO- 3 uptake and NR systems were found to be NO- 3 inducible, with very low activities in N2-fixing cultures. The latter may be important in avoiding competition for Mo between nitrogenase and NR.
Psychotherapy in India

The utility of modern medical science in lndia has surpassed that of the native systems of medicine like ayurveda, since its inception by the europeans in India. In the field of psychiatry, the biological treatments imported from west are received in lndia by the patients with open arms and practicised wholeheartedly in India. However psychotherapy, an integral part of psychiatry remains to be a controversial issue. The spectrum of debate ranOes from the skepticism about the fundamental utility of psychotherapy to the issues like the type of psychotherapy to be offered and whom to offer.
Influence of Diets Varying in Nutrient Density on the Development and Reproductive Performance of White Leghorn Pullets

Abstract At 16 wk of age White Leghorn pullets were fed either a 17% protein corn and soybean meal laying diet, the same diet diluted with 15% oat hulls, or a similar diet with major nutrients increased by approximately 15%. Little difference in age at sexual maturity or reproductive performance was noted between any of the diet treatments. In a second experiment pullets fed diets containing similar levels of energy but with either 20 or 14% protein (from hatching to 16 wk of age) showed a decreased spread in body weights beyond 8 wk of age. Pullets appeared to exhibit an appetite for protein up to 8 wk of age, but after 8 wk feed intake was reduced with the lower protein diet. At 16 wk of age the pullets were placed on laying diets containing either 17 or 13% protein and 2,600 versus 2,900 kcal of ME/kg of diet, set up in a factorial arrangement. There were no carryover effects of grower diet to 16 wk of age on subsequent laying performance. However, hens to 55 wk of age produced a similar number but heavier eggs when fed a 17 versus a 13% protein diet, whereas no difference in production or egg size was noted with diets containing 2,600 versus 2,900 kcal of ME/kg of diet. The present data confirm that wide differences in growing programs can produce similar hen house performance providing a “mature” pullet weight is attained before the onset of production. Dietary energy, not protein, is the main factor controlling the feed intake of pullets and laying hens. However, there is a period just prior to peak egg production during which hens are not very precise in eating to a particular energy appetite. Also, during this early production period, variations in diet density appear to have a limited influence on rate of production or egg weight.
Phylogeny of some of the major genera of dinoflagellates based on ultrastructure and partial LSU rDNA sequence data, including the erection of three new genera of unarmoured dinoflagellates

Abstract Evidence from partial large-subunit (LSU) rDNA sequencing has been combined with ultrastructure, including details of the flagellar apparatus, in a number of phototrophic dinoflagellates, with the aim of trying to solve some of the most pressing taxonomic problems and to contribute to an improved understanding of the phylogeny within the group. Special attention has been paid to the unarmoured (naked) genera, many of which were described during the 1800s or early 1900s and whose taxonomy is artificial and misleading. This is particularly unsatisfactory because many of the species cause extensive plankton blooms, fish kills and other harmful events. Our studies have indicated that the path of the so-called apical groove (acrobase) is of particular importance for the taxonomy of the unarmoured genera of dinoflagellates. Features presently used to characterize many of the genera, such as the relative size of the epicone and hypocone, are misleading. Our data have resulted in the splitting of the large genus Gymnodinium into four genera. The fish-killing species are confined to two genera, Karenia G. Hansen & Moestrup gen. nov. and Karlodinium J. Larsen gen. nov. The paralytic shellfish poisoning-producing species Gymnodinium catenatum is retained within Gymnodinium, together with a number of harmless species. The fourth genus, Akashiwo G. Hansen & Moestrup gen. nov., presently comprises only the large nontoxic species previously known as Gymnodinium sanguineum. The genus Gyrodinium is redefined. The genus Amphidinium is artificial, but more data are needed before redescription of the genus can be made with any confidence. Within the armoured dinoflagellates, LSU and previously published small-subunit rDNA data show the Gonyaulacales to be a natural group. Peridiniella catenata, sometimes included in the Gonyaulacales based on gross morphology, falls outside this order both genetically and ultrastructurally. Based on the DNA data, the genus Peridinium appears to be artificial. Ultrastructure as well as gene sequences confirm that the genus Heterocapsa is unusual, since it includes both apparently unarmoured species (but with very thin plates) and armoured species.
OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT IN MARINE EUKARYOTIC ALGAE: THE ROLE OF INORGANIC IONS, QUATERNARY AMMONIUM, TERTIARY SULPHONIUM AND CARBOHYDRATE SOLUTES: II. PRASINOPHYTES AND HAPTOPHYTES.

The effects of steady state salinities (150 to 700 mol m-3 NaCl) on the growth rates and intracellular solutes of the prasinophyte algae Tetraselmis chui Butcher and Prasinocladus Kuckuck and the prymnesiophyte algae, Prymnesium parvum Carter and Ruttnera spectabilis Geitler, are described. Maximum growth rates were reached in media approximating to the NaCl concentration of oceanic waters (about 500 mol m-3 ). The following intracellular organic solutes paralleled the increases of external salinity: the tertiary sulphonium compound β-dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) in T. chui, Prasinocladus, P. parvum and R. spectabilis; the polyhydric alcohol, mannitol, in T. chui, Prasinocladus and R. spectabilis; the quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), glycine betaine and homarine, in T. chui and Prasinocladus. QACs were not detected in P. parvum and R. spectabilis. An unknown polyol, which may be the cyclitol, 1,4/2,5 cyclohexanetetrol, was synthesized by P. parvum and R. spectabilis and in addition P. parvum contained significant concentrations of glucose. Sucrose was not detected in the algal extracts. Proline was an insignificant osmoticum in all the algae. Increases of the media NaCl concentration led to the uptake and accumulation of K+ in T. chui and Prasinocladus, with smaller increases of Na+ and Cl- . The intracellular K+ concentrations in the prasinophyte algae were about five times greater than those of Na+ . The inorganic cations Na+ and K+ , and their accompanying anions, and the organic solutes found could largely account for the osmotic balance of T. chui and Prasinocladus. The inorganic ions in P. parvum and R. spectabilis were not determined.
Scheduling Stress

The effects of shift work and job schedule control on the family life and health of American workers are analyzed. Using data from the 1992 National Study on the Changing Workforce ( N = 2,905), this article tests whether negative family and health outcomes associated with nonstandard job schedules result from (a) problems of adjusting to the times of nonstandard shifts and/or (b) the lack of scheduling control and (c) whether schedule control mediates the effects of nonstandard shifts. Multivariate results indicate that although nonstandard shifts have few effects, lack of scheduling control has strong negative effects on six of the eight family and health outcomes. There is no evidence that control mediates the effects of schedule times, nor that these effects vary by gender or family status. Implications of these results are discussed.
Complementary areas for conserving avian diversity on Hispaniola

Hispaniola has been identified as a global priority for avian conservation. However, little quantitative information has been available to help guide optimal strategies for conservation action on the island. Here, the first broad‐scale look has been assembled of the distribution of species of conservation concern among protected areas in Haiti and the Dominican Republic and their occurrences have been analysed to determine where conservation activities might be focused to serve avian conservation interests. An iterative, heuristic complementarity approach was used, such that the most highly ranked reserve is that which protects the greatest number of species of conservation concern and subsequently ranked reserves are those that add the most species of conservation concern that are not included in the first reserve. Parks are prioritised by the presence/absence of species of concern and prioritised a second time with individual species first being weighted by species‐specific extinction risks and then by uniqueness in terms of endemism at the island or regional level. Parks of highest importance are the Sierra de Bahoruco National Park and Jaragua National Park, but the importance of other protected areas to avian conservation is also documented and discussed.
Protection of pancreatic β-cells by exendin-4 may involve the reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress; in vivo and in vitro studies

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo and in vitro effectsofexendin-4,apotentglucagon-likepeptide1agonist,on theprotectionofthepancreaticb-cellsagainsttheircelldeath.In in vivo experiments, we used b-cell-specific calmodulinoverexpressing mice where massive apoptosis takes place in their b-cells, and we examined the effects of chronic treatment with exendin-4. Chronic and s.c. administration of exendin-4 reduced hyperglycemia. The treatment caused significant increases of the insulin contents of the pancreas and islets, and retained the insulin-positive area. Dispersed transgenic islet cells lived only shortly, and several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related molecules such as immunoglobulin-binding protein (Bip), inositol-requiring enzyme-1 a ,X -box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1), RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, activating transcription factor-4, and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) were more expressed in the transgenic islets. We also found that the spliced form of XBP-1, a marker of ER stress, was also increased in b-cellspecific calmodulin-overexpressing transgenic islets. In the quantitative real-time PCR analyses, the expression levels of Bip and CHOP were reduced in the islets from the transgenic mice treated with exendin-4. These findings suggest that excess ofERstressoccursinthetransgenicb-cells,andthesuppression of ER stress and resultant protection against cell death may be involved in the anti-diabetic effects of exendin-4.
From prediction to modification - modeling first impression of faces

Humans make complex inferences on faces, ranging from ob-jective properties (gender, ethnicity, expression, age, identity, etc) to subjective judgments (facial attractiveness, trustworthiness, sociability, friendliness, etc). While the objective aspects of face perception have been extensively studied, fewer computational models have been developed for the social impressions of faces. Bridging this gap, we develop a method to predict human impressions of faces in 40 social dimensions, us-ing deep representations from state-of-the-art neural networks. We ﬁnd that model performance grows as the human consensus on a face trait increases. This illustrates the learnability of subjective social perception of faces, especially when there is high human consensus. To verify the generalization ability, we apply the model on a large dataset, CelebA, and empirically verify the quality of model predictions. To further probe what makes a face salient in certain traits, we develop ModifAE: a novel standalone autoencoding neural network that can learn to make continuous modiﬁcations on multiple traits. We train ModifAE to modify continuous ﬁrst-impression face traits, from our predicted dataset, and empirically show that this modiﬁca-tion network produces convincing modiﬁcations, demonstrating the accuracy of the predictive model. Both the prediction and modiﬁcation networks have wide applications in real life.