Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
β‐Adrenoceptor agonist mediated relaxation of rat isolated resistance arteries: a role for the endothelium and nitric oxide

1 Isoprenaline (10−9 −10−5m) relaxed rat isolated mesenteric resistance arteries pre‐contracted with K+ (30–60 mm) (p EC50 (m) 8.03 ± 0.40; maximum relaxation 66.79 ± 2.43%, n = 7). This relaxation was partially attenuated by the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inibitor Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME, 10−4m). 2 The β2‐adrenoceptor agonist, salbutamol (10−9 −10−5 m), produced a modest maximum relaxation (35.93 ± 2.93%), which was not sensitive to l‐NAME. 3 The β1‐adrenoceptor agonist, dobutamine (10−9 −10−5 m), relaxed arteries precontracted with K+. This relaxation was abolished by l‐NAME (10−4 m) and also by propranolol (10−6 m), but not affected by d‐NAME (10−4 m). The inhibition by l‐NAME was partially reversed by l‐arginine (10−3m). Removal of the endothelium severely attenuated relaxation to dobutamine. 4 Contractile responses to depolarizing K+ solutions were enhanced by the addition of l‐NAME, and also by removal of the endothelium. 5 The above findings demonstrate that β1‐adrenoceptor activation causes relaxation via NO release from the endothelium of rat mesenteric resistance arteries. In addition, contraction to K+ is modified by release of NO from the endothelium, possibly in response to tension development.
Role of Solids Retention Time on Complete Nitrification: Mechanistic Understanding and Modeling

AbstractEffects of solids retention time (SRT) on both steps of the nitrification process (e.g., ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation) and the nitrifier community in a complete-mix activated sludge process were studied. At a SRT less than or equal to 20 days, the effluent ammonia concentration was lower than the effluent nitrite concentration. At the 40-day SRT, however, the effluent nitrite concentration became equal to or less than the effluent ammonia concentration. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (QPCR) assays indicated that increasing SRT significantly increased nitrite-oxidizing bacteria/ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (NOB/AOB) ratio. Further investigation indicated that Nitrosomonas europaea/eutropha were the dominant AOB for ammonia oxidation under all SRTs. However, for nitrite oxidation, Nitrobacter-like NOB played the key role at low SRTs, while Nitrospira-like NOB played the key role at high SRTs. Modeling results indicated that, for AOB and NOB, the values of maximum specific growth rat.
Density matrix calculation of population transfer between vibrational levels of Na2 by stimulated Raman scattering with temporally shifted laser beams

We compare the results of full density matrix calculations with recently reported experimental results describing the population transfer in Na2 using Raman scattering with the fundamental laser beam temporally shifted relative to the Stokes laser beam. Our calculations confirm the conclusion that almost total transfer of the population into the terminal level of the Raman transition can be achieved when the laser frequencies are tuned to resonance and the fundamental laser beam is temporally delayed relative to the Stokes shifted laser beam but still partially overlapping it. We analyze our results when the frequencies of the lasers are tuned off‐resonance as a function of the Rabi frequencies and the detuning, and compare with experimental and theoretical results. The alignment of the terminal level as a function of time displacement of the Stokes and pump beams is predicted.
Imperfect phonon transmission and quantized thermal conductance in dielectric nanowires

We study the thermal conductance g in catenoidal wires by explicitly calculating the transmission rates of six distinct vibrational modes (four acoustic and two low-lying optical modes) and applying the Landauer formula for the one-dimensional thermal transport in the ballistic regime. In a temperature range similar to the one predicted by Rego and Kirczenow [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 232 (1998)], we find the presence of a plateau in g/g0 (g0 = π2k2BT/3h is the thermal conductance quantum), indicating the quantization of thermal conductance. However, below this temperature range g/g0 is modified, that is, the quantization is broken, due to imperfect transmissions of the acoustic modes of vibration. As temperature goes down further, the recovery of the conductance, which suggests the quantization at T = 0 K, is predicted. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
From atoms to integrated circuit chips, blood cells, and bacteria with the atomic force microscope

The atomic force microscope (AFM) can now bridge the gap from imaging objects that can be seen with an optical microscope to imaging atoms: a range in magnification of 104. High magnification images of germanium show single atoms separated by 0.4 nm while low magnification images of entire cells and portions of an integrated circuit chip provide lateral and vertical information over a range of 25 μm.
Voltando para casa com a produção não vendida: uma análise do comportamento de produtores de banana do Espírito Santo sob a ótica da teoria do efeito custo afundado

A Teoria da Perspectiva sugere que o processo de tomada de decisoes nao e estritamente racional. Para Thaler (1980) as pessoas resistem em aceitar a perda, preferindo muitas vezes continuar arriscando na tentativa de recuperar o prejuizo ou gasto que tiveram. Uma das consequencias da aversao a perda e o efeito custo afundado que e definido como uma maior disposicao em continuar uma empreitada uma vez que um investimento em dinheiro, esforco ou tempo ja tenha sido realizado (ARKES; BLUMER, 1985). Assim, o objetivo deste estudo e identificar se o efeito custo afundado e uma das razoes que fazem com que os produtores de banana do Espirito Santo tomem as decisoes que envolvem a volta para casa com a producao nao vendida. Trata-se de um estudo de casos multiplos de natureza exploratoria e descritiva. A investigacao foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com 17 produtores de banana do Espirito Santo, que comercializam seus produtos nas Centrais de Abastecimento do Espirito Santo (CEASA). Os resultados encontrados demonstram que os produtores relutam em vender abaixo do preco de custo, constatando que ha a influencia dos custos afundados nas decisoes de voltar para a casa com a producao nao vendida. Outro achado do estudo e que o medo da perda, que e um dos pilares da Teoria da Perspectiva, tambem influencia as decisoes dos produtores, no sentido de tentar evitar perdas futuras, sugerindo que esse fenomeno e tao robusto, a ponto de fazer com que os individuos olhem para o passado e para o futuro (MOON, 2001), tentando evitar as perdas em ambos os sentidos.
Carbon Fibers: Precursors, Manufacturing, and Properties

The properties, structure, and processing of carbon fibers are reviewed. Carbon fibers are made from several precursors, with PAN being the dominating precursor in the market. Carbon fibers have high tensile strength, high modulus (up to the theoretical limit of around 1000 GPa), and low density, depending on the structure and processing in very limited combinations. Both the structure and composition of the precursor affect the properties of the resulting carbon fibers significantly. Although the essential processes for carbon fiber production are similar, different precursors require different processing conditions in order to achieve improved performance. Future developments are discussed.
Gas-Phase Chemistry of α-Terpineol with Ozone and OH Radical: Rate Constants and Products

A bimolecular rate constant, kOH+α-terpineol, of (1.9 ± 0.5) × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 was measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the relative rate technique for the reaction of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with α-terpineol (1-methyl-4-isopropyl-1-cyclohexen-8-ol) at (297 ± 3) K and 1 atm total pressure. Additionally, a bimolecular rate constant, kO3+α-terpineol, of (3.0 ± 0.2) × 10-16 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 was measured by monitoring the first order decrease in ozone concentration as a function of excess α-terpineol. To better understand α-terpineol's gas-phase transformation in the indoor environment, the products of the α-terpineol + OH and α-terpineol + O3 reactions were also investigated. The positively identified α-terpineol/OH reaction products were acetone, ethanedial (glyoxal, HC(O)C(O)H), and 2-oxopropanal (methyl glyoxal, CH3C(O)C(O)H). The positively identified α-terpineol/O3 reaction product was 2-oxopropanal (methyl glyoxal, CH3C(O)C(O)H). The use of derivatizing agents O-(2,3,4,5.
Electrophoresis of polyampholytes

We consider the motion and the deformation of Gaussian polyampholytes in free flow electrophoresis, i.e., in an applied external electric field. The electrophoretic mobility and the deformation of the chains are calculated in the linear regime, as functions of the charge distribution along the backbone and of the salt concentration. The results in salt-free solutions differ from those in solutions with a high concentration of salt even at the level of scaling laws. It is shown that in solutions with a high salt concentration, the electrophoretic mobility of a given polyampholyte strongly depends not only on its total charge but also on the details of the charge distribution along the chain. The very direction of motion can also depend on it. Indeed, even “neutral” polyampholytes, i.e., chains with equal number of positive and negative charges can move in an applied electric field. To demonstrate further these effects, we systematically compare the behavior of the linear and circular chains.
Ammonium Removal From Water by Eight Natural Zeolites: A Comparative Study

Abstract Removal of low-concentration ammonium by eight commercial natural zeolites was studied in batch and continuous tests. In the batch and continuous tests, chabazite was superior to the other natural zeolites in removing low-concentration ammonium. In the batch tests, the ammonium adsorption capacity (up to 32.4 mg ) decreased with increasing particle size (355 to 2500 µm), pH (7.5 vs. 9.0), and the temperature (279 vs. 295 K) and potassium ion concentration (20 and 100 mg K+/l). In continuous column tests, the adsorption capacity of chabazite was 48.3 mg zeolite. Four clinoptiolites had an adsorption capacity of 15.7 to 25.0 mg zeolite. The zeolites were rapidly regenerated by an alkaline sodium chloride solution fed to the columns.
Advanced Trust Based Approach For Increasing Security in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has become one of the fastest growing fields in computer science. As the new computing service pattern of cloud computing develops rapidly, the security problem of cloud computing has become a hot research topic. Before the user passes important data or computing task to the cloud, the user of the cloud may want to verify the trusted status of the platform which actually carries out the computing task in the cloud. And the remote attestation mechanism in Trusted Computing is suited for the cloud user's verification need. Cloud computing basically provides people the way to share heterogeneous distributed resources and various services that belong to various organizations or sites. Since cloud computing share heterogeneous distributed resources via the network through in the open Internet Technology environment, thus it makes security problems necessary for us to develop the cloud computing application environment. In this paper, we pay attention to the security requirements in cloud computing environment system. We proposed a method to build a trusted computing environment for cloud computing system by integrating the trusted computing platform into the security of cloud computing system. We propose a model system in which cloud computing system is combined with trusted computing platform with trusted platform module. In this model, some important security services, including authentication, confidentiality and integrity, are provided in cloud computing system.
MAPS AND GIS IN AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE

In this work we describe an experiment to be carried out in the basin of Suhaya Orlitsa river (Oryol region, central part of European Russia) to compare in-situ measurements of soil moisture with estimates obtained using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry. The Sentinel-1 mission of the European Space Agency (ESA), acquiring C-band SAR images regularly over all Earth regions since 2014 with a mean revisiting time of 6 days, is used. In-situ measurements of soil moisture are planned in a time interval of 3 hours in coincidence of each Sentinel-1 passage, using a temporal sampling of 15 minutes. Test measurements are planned at the end of the month of April, when the soil accumulates water. The aim of the experiment is to demonstrate the feasibility of using Sentinel-1 images to densify the network of in-situ measurements of soil moisture on the territory of Russia. The application of SAR interferometry is investigated as it requires less in-situ measurements than methods based on the use of radar cross-section and the inversion of models of electromagnetic scattering from natural surfaces. Examples of
El pons scholastiscorum

In this contribution we offer an interpretation of the pons asinorum by using a contemporary term logic. This interpretation allows us to revitalize the concept of the pons asinorum in order to produce the —politically correct— pons scholasticorum, a terministic version of the pons asinorum that relates the inventio medii with the dictum de omni et nullo.
Tracking Control of an unknown switched nonlinear system based on adaptive backstepping with nonlinear disturbance observer

In this paper, an adaptive control schemes to solve the output tracking control problem of a class of nonlinear switched systems in presence of the disturbance is proposed. First, an nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is designed and the backstepping scheme is constructed based on the standard Lyapunov function method for tracking purpose. With the propose scheme, the existence of a standard Lyapunov function for all subsystems with unknown parameters infers the global uniform asymptotic stability of this more generic switched system The switching parameters used in the switching system are defined differently for each subsystem. Analyzing the system's stability proved that the closed-loop signal boundedness under arbitrary switching is well ensured. It is shown that the proposed adaptive anti-disturbance control scheme based on a nonlinear disturbance observer is a suitable control approach for a class of nonlinear switched systems.
Application of phosphorescence quenching by O2 to the investigation of O2 delivery to ocular tissues

The technique of phosphorescence quenching by O2 (PQ) allows the non-invasive measurement of the partial pressure of oxygen in blood (pO2blood). This technique and its application to the investigation of the pO2blood in the microvasculature of the retina and optic nerve head (ONH) of two animal species is described. Using the imaging mode of PQ, 2-dimensional pO2blood maps were obtained to investigate the response of the pO2blood to various physiological stimuli in miniature pigs and the effect of experimental glaucoma in monkeys. Applied in its focal mode, PQ allows measurements of the pO2blood with a time resolution of 1 second and is adequate to investigate the pO2blood time course during light stimulation.
Copolymerization of glycolide and trimethylene carbonate

The bulk ring-opening copolymerization of glycolide with trimethylene carbonate was performed under different conditions. The influence of the composition, temperature, reaction time, and catalyst on the chain microstructure was studied by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The final microstructure was found to be highly dependent on the transesterification reactions. The thermal behavior was sensitive to the composition and to the length of the glycolyl microblocks. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction demonstrated that glycolyl-rich sequences could give rise to a single crystalline phase, whereas trimethylene carbonyl units were incorporated into the amorphous phase. The synthesis of copolymers from the melt-state transesterification of polyglycolide and poly(trimethylene carbonate) homopolymer mixtures was also studied. The hydrolytic degradation rate of the copolymers was found to depend on the microstructure and in general was enhanced with the degree of randomness. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 993–1013, 2006
Determination of 13C Enrichment by Conventional GC-MS and GC-(MS)-C-IRMS

Abstract Isotopic enrichment of branched-chain L-amino acids (BCAA) and branched-chain 2-oxo acids (BCOA) in standard preparations and in human plasma samples withdrawn after oral loads with 1-13C labelled BCAA were measured on a conventional GC-MS system and an on-line GC-C-IRMS employing O-TMS quinoxalinol derivatives. It was concluded that the recently introduced GC-C-IRMS, owing to its high sensitivity, is the adequate analytical tool when tracer doses of stable isotope labelled compounds of low enrichment are to be used in biomedical in vivo studies.
A Novel Visible-light-sensitive Efficient Photocatalyst, CrIII-grafted TiO2

TiO 2 powder grafted with Cr III ions was demonstrated to become a novel type of hybrid photocatalyst. It could decompose 2-propanol into CO 2 via acetone under visible-light (450-580nm) irradiation. The reaction is explained by the photoin-duced direct charge transfer from surface Cr III ion to the conduction band of TiO 2 , in which injected electron into the conduction band reduces oxygen and the Cr IV oxidizes 2-propanol.
Synthesis and characterization of highly ordered thiophene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas with large pores

The first example of a highly ordered periodic mesoporous thiophene-bridged organosilica (PMO) with large pores is reported. The synthesis was carried out under acidic conditions using a polyalkylene oxide triblock copolymer (Pluronic P123) as supramolecular structure-directing agent. Materials with pore sizes between 5 and 6 nm and specific surface areas in the range of 400-550 m 2 /g were obtained. The analysis of the TG/MS data demonstrates a relatively high thermal stability (up to 400 °C in air) of the mesoporous organosilica before a decomposition of the organic moieties occurs.
A fast-response pyroelectric thermal detector

A thermal radiation detector having a high frequency time constant of 5 μsec (which can easily be improved to better than 1 μsec) is described. The instrument has been used to measure the radiation from a high temperature gas discharge. In the detector a pyroelectric output is obtained when radiation is absorbed on to a piece of ferroelectric material (barium titanate) whose thickness is greater than the thermal diffusion depth for the length in time of the radiation pulse being measured. The electrical signal is examined theoretically and experimentally and is shown to be directly related to either the incident energy or flux, and it is also shown that the upper frequency response is limited by mechanical resonances of the ferroelectric (engendered by thermal expansion) rather than by a thermal time constant. This device is very convenient since it is simple to construct and requires no auxiliary current supply.
BIOALKYLATION OF BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE: IMPLICATIONS FOR CARCINOGENESIS

Previous studies on the metabolic activation of unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have largely focused on the formation of oxidation products as a result of reaction of the parent hydrocarbon with microsomal enzymes. These products of reaction have included both epoxide as well as a diol epoxide metabolites. In addition, formation of quinones as well as hydroxyl substituted derivatives of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been investigated as metabolic endpoints. Several studies have taken place illustrating the formation of these metabolites, as well as the formation of biologically relevant adducts in a variety of animal models as well as cell culture preparations. Although these metabolic products have been widely characterized and studied in a variety of systems, there have been limited studies characterizing the formation of methyl substituted derivatives of unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons, and the subsequent formation of hydroxyalkyl derivatives of various compounds. The present study investigates the formation of both alkyl and hydroxyalkyl substituted derivatives of the unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benz(a)anthracene in preparations of rat liver cytosol fortified with S-adenosyl-L-methionine. The results demonstrate that methylated derivatives are formed as metabolic products, and that the identity of these products are both the 7-methybenz(a)anthracene and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. These results confirm that aromatic hydrocarbons undergo biological substitution reactions at specific centers of reactivity of the unsubstituted molecule yielding bioalkylated derivatives.
D,L‐Proline‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrans and Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole Derivatives by a Grinding Method under Solvent‐Free Conditions

Abstract D,L‐Proline was found to efficiently catalyze the one‐pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and dimedone (1,3‐cyclohexanedione or 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one) 2‐Amino‐3‐cycano‐4‐aryl‐7,7‐dimethyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and 6‐amino‐5‐cyano‐4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles were synthesized by a grinding method under solvent‐free conditions. The reaction proceeded cleanly at room temperature to afford the products in good yields.
Ab initio multireference study of the BN molecule

The lowest 1Σ+ and 3Π states of the BN molecule have been studied using multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) and averaged coupled‐pair functional (ACPF) methods and large atomic natural orbital (ANO) basis sets, as well as several coupled cluster methods. Our best calculations strongly support a 3Π ground state, but the a 1Σ+ state lies only 381±100 cm−1 higher. The a 1Σ+ state wave function exhibits strong multireference character and, consequently, the predictions of the perturbationally‐based single‐reference CCSD(T) coupled cluster method are not as reliable in this case as the multireference results. The best theoretical predictions for the spectroscopic constants of BN are in good agreement with experiment for the X 3Π state, but strongly suggest a misassignment of the fundamental vibrational frequency for the a 1Σ+ state.
Investigation of ordered ds-DNA monolayers on gold electrodes

Double-stranded DNA(poly(dA)30·poly(dT)30) -modified gold electrodes, prepared by air-drying/adsorption method, have been investigated by various techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC−STM), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS). CV and QCM results show that an average surface coverage of (7.5 ± 0.2) × 10-12 mol cm-2 was obtained for poly(dA)30·poly(dT)30-modified gold electrodes, close to the value for a saturated monolayer of ds-DNA lying flat on surfaces. EC−STM was used to evidence directly that ds-DNA forms a highly ordered and compact monolayer film on the gold substrate, whereas single-stranded DNA(poly(dT)30) adopts a coiled configuration and, therefore, cannot form an ordered structure on the gold substrate. Moreover, it was demonstrated, for the first time, by SERS experiments that partial denaturation of duplexes occurs arising from the different interfacial orientations of A and T b.