Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The regulatory capacity of the protooncogene c-myc

Myc is a crucial regulatory gene capable of altering normal cellular proliferation and differentiation. Its mechanism of action is largely unknown. The cloning and identification of downstream myc regulatory targets constitutes a key step towards deeper understanding. Beginning with a conditional c-myc expression system and a physiologic setting where conditional myc expression produced clear phenotypic effects at both cell cycle progression and mRNA expression levels, I cloned a set of myc regulated genes. The frequency with which myc targets were identified "among a panel of cDNAs subject to either up or downregulation during G_l of the first cell cycle following serum stimulated emergence from growth arrest suggested that only about one-third of such genes may be myc targets. Consequently, this work has extended the myc target gene class to include several extracellular matrix proteins, one anabolic and one catabolic enzyme, a differentiation marker, several important cell proliferation regulators, and an assortment of unidentified genes. While that cloning effort was in progress, two groups identified max, a gene encoding multiple bHLHzip proteins that can form DNA binding oligomers either alone or in a heterotypic complex with myc. After incorporating conditional max expression into the experimental paradigm of conditional myc expression, reexamination of the myc target gene set identified individual members that are cooperatively upregulated by myc and max and members that are regulated in opposite directions by myc and by max. In addition, we made the entirely unexpected observation that max is a regulator of a specific subset of the immediate early serum response gene class. Based on the results of these studies, I propose an integrative model accounting for the diverse effects of myc and max on cellular function.
FORAGING STRATEGIES, USE OF SPACE AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF DOMESTIC FOWL (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Title of Thesis: FORAGING STRATEGIES, USE OF SPACE AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF DOMESTIC FOWL (Gallus gallus domesticus) Erin Natalie Hoerl, M.S., 2004 Thesis Directed By: Dr. Inmaculada Estevez Department of Animal and Avian Sciences Domestic fowl were tested in three experiments, all investigating the mediating effects of three group sizes of 5, 10, and 20 individuals, on behavioral responses under varying environmental conditions. The first experiment investigated social spacing and aggressive behavior in the presence or absence of cover panels. Smaller group sizes were more affected by cover panels than larger group sizes. In the second and third experiments patchy environments were used to test optimal foraging strategies. In the second experiment, smaller group sizes were more affected by patch locations than larger ones. In the third experiment birds were presented with patches varying in quality. Birds in all group sizes were able to immediately discern patch quality and preferred patches of higher quality. Despite generations of artificial selection pressure domestic fowl continue to forage optimally in patchy environments, and adopt flocking strategies predicted by behavioral ecology theory. FORAGING STRATEGIES, USE OF SPACE AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF DOMESTIC FOWL (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Regulating expression of virulence determinants in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli H10407

Enterotoxigenic \(Escherichia\) \(coli\) (ETEC) is a major cause of traveller’s and infantile diarrhoea in developing countries, and results in considerable mortality in under 5 year olds. Disease is mediated through adhesion of ETEC cells to the intestinal brush border and the secretion of the heat-stable and/or heat-labile toxin. Whilst the toxins have been well studied it is still not clear how their expression is regulated. This work has defined binding of CRP, H-NS and σ\(^7\)\(^0\) across the genome of the prototypical ETEC strain H10407. We demonstrate a central role for all three factors in regulating pathogenicity in ETEC H10407. Hence, we show that CRP directly regulates expression of both \(estA2\) and \(estA1\), which encode the heat-stable toxins. Furthermore, CRP indirectly represses expression of the heat-labile toxin. This work also identifies a role for CRP in controlling transcription of a small open reading frame, imbedded within a gene, at the 3’ end of an operon encoding a type I secretion system.
Differences in the Mechanisms by Which Yang-Invigorating and Qi-Invigorating Chinese Tonifying Herbs Stimulate Mitochondrial ATP Generation Capacity

According to Chinese medicine theory, Yang/Qi plays a pivotal role in driving physiological functions in the body, these being highly dependent on mitochondrial ATP production. Consistent with this, Yang/Qi-invigorating Chinese tonifying herbs have been found to stimulate mitochondrial ATP generation capacity (ATP-GC) in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. In the present study, we have demonstrated that Yang-invigorating Chinese tonifying herbs (namely, Eucommiae Cortex, Cibotii Rhizoma, Dipsaci Radix, Cynomorii Herba, Cistanches Herba, Cuscutae Semen, EpimediiHerba and Morindae Radix) and Qi-invigorating Chinese tonifying herbs (namely, Ginseng Radix, Pseudostellariae Radix, Quinquefolii Radix, Codonopsis Radix, Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Juiubae Fructus, Fici Simplicissimae Radix and Dioscoreae Oppositae Radix) act by different mechanisms to stimulate mitochondrial ATP-GC. While Yang-invigorating herbs fluidize mitochondrial membranes and thus stimulate ATP-GC, Qi-invigorating herbs can enhance cellular glutathione status and increase ATP-GC. The different mechanisms by which Yang-invigorating herbs and Qi-invigorating herbs stimulate mitochondrial ATP-GC may serve as the basis for establishing biomarkers for Yang/Qi-invigorating herbs and herbal health products in general.
Human ELAC2 gene encodes the tRNAseZ responsible for mitochondrial tRNA 3’ processing which acts on precursors already cleaved by RNAseP

Accurate tRNA processing is crucial for human mitochondrial genome expression, but the mechanisms and key enzymes involved are poorly characterized. Here we demonstrate for the first time that human protein ELAC2 localizes both in mitochondria and the nucleus. Using the RNAi gene silencing in HeLa cells we show that the ELAC2 gene encodes tRNAseZ endonuclease which is responsible for the mitochondrial tRNA 3' processing in vivo. In addition we demonstrate that the order of precursor cleavage in mitochondria follows the rule that tRNase Z can only cleave molecules already processed by RNase P.
Regulation of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by Akt/PKB

In mammals, insulin stimulates the biosynthesis of macromolecules utilized to store energy, such as protein, triglyceride and glycogen. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by a lack of responsiveness to insulin in regard to glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue and suppression of hepatic glucose output, and an absolute or relative deficiency in the secretion of insulin. Interestingly, though insulin role in the regulation of glucose metabolism is severely compromised in Type 2 diabetes, the lipid load remains high suggesting a persistence of insulin's ability to promote hepatic lipogenesis. In these studies, we aimed to understand how the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt, also known as protein kinase B, might mediate insulin's effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver.
The evolution of the social and genetic mating system of purple-crowned fairy-wrens Malurus coronatus

33 Introduction . 35 Methods.37 Study species . 37 Comparing Malurus species . 39 Paternity analyses in M. coronatus . 41 Results . 44 Extra-pair paternity.44 Adaptations to extra-pair mating: morphology and behaviour . 46 Comparing Malurus life-history and ecology . 48 Discussion . 49 Comparing Malurus life-history and ecology . 50 Conclusion . 53 Acknowledgements . 53 Chapter 3. Female fairy-wrens synchronise egg laying to facilitate extra-pair mating for inbreeding avoidance.55 Abstract.57 Introduction . 59 Methods.61 Study species and fieldwork . 61 Paternity analyses.62 Relatedness.63 Analyses.63 Results . 66 Inbreeding depression and inbreeding avoidance by EG mating.66. 57 Introduction . 59 Methods.61 Study species and fieldwork . 61 Paternity analyses.62 Relatedness.63 Analyses.63 Results . 66 Inbreeding depression and inbreeding avoidance by EG mating.66
Syscolag: A transdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder approach towards integrated coastal area management. An experiment in Languedoc-Roussillon (France)

The SYSCOLAG programme is a pilot operation at national level for experimenting with a knowledge-pooling system applied to the field of integrated coastal area management (ICAM). SYSCOLAG aims to constitute an interface between 'knowledge' and the users of knowledge' on questions related to the conservation and the development of the coastal zone of the Languedoc-Roussillon. To that end, SYSCOLAG offers both a transdisciplinary approach associating life sciences, earth sciences, social and informatic sciences and multistakeholders approach (associating scientists, decision-makers, professional users of the sea, environmental protection associations, and the general public) to integrated management of the coastal zone of the Languedoc-Roussillon. The system developed in this programme is based on know-how (particularly in integrated expertise and information systems) and an array of innovative information processing tools dedicated to a public of experts and for the general public. To date, SYSCOLAG has provided a basis for federating the multidisciplinary teams from various organisations concerned by issues related to this coastal zone. In addition, it has contributed to the improvement of communication between the scientific community and other coastal zone stakeholders, and in particular, with the local management organisations.
Self-employment as a moderator of the relationship between work and life satisfaction

Bottom-up theories of life satisfaction suggest that work satisfaction and overall life satisfaction are positively related to each other because work is a central life domain for most adults. Empirical research has shown that the correlation between work and life satisfaction varies substantially across studies, suggesting that the strength of the relationship may depend on the studied population and its circumstances. In this article, we assess the strength of the relationship in the context of Chile and the moderator effect of self-employment – whether a worker is self-employed or salaried. Based on the idea that work is more central in the life of a selfemployed than a salaried worker, we hypothesized that the strength of the relationship between work and life satisfaction will be stronger for the former. The results from a national sample of 658 Chilean workers supported our hypothesis. We also found a small negative direct effect from self-employment on life satisfaction, which suggests that the self-employed might be, on average, less satisfied with their lives than their salaried counterparts.
Key Neurological Impairments Influence Function-Related Group Outcomes After Stroke

Background and Purpose— The function-related group (FRG) classification is based on functional assessment and has been assumed to encompass the effects of different patterns and severity of neurological impairments. This assumption may not be correct. It has been proposed as a means of comparing rehabilitation outcome across institutions. If neurological impairments significantly affect FRG outcome, then higher FRG outcome scores may reflect selection bias favoring patients with fewer neurological impairments rather than better quality of rehabilitation care. The goal of this study was to assess the influence of motor, somatosensory, and hemianopic visual impairments on FRG outcomes after stroke. Methods— All 288 consecutive stroke patients discharged in 1999 from an acute rehabilitation hospital were assigned to 1 of 5 FRGs on the basis of their Functional Independence Measure (FIM) mobility subscore and age. Each FRG was also stratified into 1 of 4 cohorts on the basis of the presence or absence of key .
Predicting survival of patients treated with palliative radiotherapy: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Introduction: Clinician predicted survival (CPS) is a crucial part of palliative care but is often found to be inaccurate with most clinicians providing overestimates of survival, potentially leading to suboptimal care. The present paper reviews the literature on CPS in patients receiving palliative radiotherapy and assesses the accuracy of clinician generated survival estimates. Method: A search of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE was conducted on 2 February 2018 to identify English articles analyzing the accuracy of CPS in cancer patients receiving palliative radiotherapy. Results: Seven studies were included in this review. Survival was overestimated on average, with overestimates ranging from +22.8 to +167.3 days. One study reported average underestimates of survival. No significant differences in accuracy were seen between disciplines. There was no correlation between years of experience and accuracy of CPS. Expert commentary: The incorporation of accurate CPS into treatment and family-related decisions can improve quality of life of palliative radiotherapy patients. Research is needed on survival estimates informed by prognostic tools, validation of prognostic tools specific to palliative settings, and the effects of CPS on dose fractionation and other treatment decisions.
The role of community mobilization in the promotion of maternal health of women living with HIV in Zambia

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The Signaling Pathway of Oxysterol Induced Apoptosis in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO)-K1 Cells.

Apoptosis, a form of genetically programmed cell death, plays a key role in regulation of cellularity of the arterial wall. During atherogenesis, improper apoptosis may cause abnormalities of arterial morphogenesis, wall structural stability, and metabolisms. It has been well established that vascular cells undergo apoptosis after uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Thus, an analysis of the signaling pathway of apoptotic induction by oxLDL is of value in understanding the development of atherosclerotic plaque. In order to elucidate the signaling pathway of apoptosis induced by oxLDL, we have used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells treated with a potent oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC). In the present study, we find that oxLDL can induce apoptosis in any cell types if cells present the specific receptors on their surface to take up oxLDL, and that apoptosis-inducing activity is associated with oxysterol components in oxLDL. Oxysterol-induced apoptosis does not involve regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein proteolysis pathway. 25-OHC stimulates calcium uptake by CHO-K1 cells within 2 min after addition. Treatment of CHO-K1 cells with the calcium channel blocker nifedipine prevents 25-OHC induction of apoptosis. One possible signal transduction pathway initiated by calcium ion fluxes is the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ). We demonstrate that activation of cPLA 2 does occur in CHO-K1 treated with 25-OHC. Activation is evidenced by 25-OHC-induced relocalization of cPLA 2 to the nuclear envelope and arachidonic acid (AA) release. Loss of cPLA 2 activity by treatment with a cPLA 2 inhibitor results in an attenuation of AA release as well as of the apoptotic response to 25-OHC in CHO-K1 cells. CPLA2umediated liberation of AA leads to the formation of a cyclooxygenase product, probably a prostaglandin, which activates the transcription factor PPARγ and induces apoptosis. We also examined the execution phase of the apoptotic pathway in CHO-K1 cell death induced by 25-OHC. Oxysterol-induced apoptosis in CHO-K1 is accompanied by caspase activation and is preceded by mitochondrial cytochrome C release. Furthermore, treatment with a cPLA 2 inhibitor results in an inhibition of caspase-3 activation in CHO-K1 cells. These data provide strong evidence indicating that 25-OHC induces caspase-3-mediated apoptosis via an activation of calcium-dependent cPLA 2 .
Ovarian cancer with pleural and lung metastasis in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, in 2014-2015

Objectives: To know the characteristics of ovarian cancer patients with pleural and lung metastasis, and survival rates of ovarian cancer patients with pleural and lung metastasis in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in 2014-2015.Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive observational study using secondary data from medical records in dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, in 2014 and 2015Results: Number of new patients of ovarian cancer in dr. Soe-tomo, Hospital, Surabaya in 2014 was 170 patients (14%) and 122 patients (12%) in 2015. Ovarian cancer patients most often came at the stage IIIC (33.38%) with the most histopathological type was epithelial ovarian cancer. There were 5 patients with ovarian cancer with pleural metastasis and 7 patients with lung metastasis. Pleural metastasis was 80% diagnosed at the time of ovarian cancer’s diagnosis, whereas 57.15% of lung metastasis were diag-nosed >12 months after the ovarian cancer’s diagnosis. Pleural metastasis was established by pleural fluid cytology, while lung metastasis with radiological features and/or biopsies. The most common feature of lung metastasis was nodal (71.42%). Ascites was found in 80% of ovarian cancer with pleural metastasis, but only 42.86% in lung metastasis. In 2 patients receiving NAC chemotherapy and continued by interval debulking, both had negative residues. Median survival rate in ovarian cancer with pleural metastasis was 7 months, whereas in lung metastasis was 12 months.Conclusions: Number of new patients of ovarian cancer in 2014-2015 in dr. Soetomo Hospital was on rising and was the second largest number of visits after cervical cancer. In 2014-2015, there were 5 patients with ovarian cancer and pleural metastasis and 7 patients with ovarian cancer patients and lung metastasis. Median survival rate in ovarian cancer with pleural metastasis was 7 months, whereas in lung metastasis it was 12 months.
Primary Care, Income Inequality, and Stroke Mortality in the United States

Background and Purpose— The goal of this study was to test whether primary care reduces the impact of income inequality on stroke mortality. Methods— This study used pooled time-series cross-sectional analysis of 11 years of state-level data (n=549). Analyses controlled for education levels, unemployment, racial/ethnic composition, and percent urban. Contemporaneous and time-lagged covariates were modeled. Results— Primary care was negatively associated with stroke mortality in models including all covariates (P 0.05). Conclusions— In the absence of social policy that addresses sociodemographic determinants of health, primary care promotion may serve as a palliative strategy for combating stroke mortality and reducing the adverse impact of income inequality on health.
The Effects of Contraceptive Education Program on Contraceptive Knowledge, Contraceptive Attitude and Contraceptive Self-efficacy among High School Students

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the program of contraceptive education for high school students. A nonequivalent control group design was used. The contraceptive education program was developed and applied to the experimental group. The control group was provided with a handout and video educational instrument after the intervention. The population of the study comprised 146 high school students in the third grade at two high schools in U city. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the χ2-test, t-test and repeated measure ANOVA using the PASW 18.0 program. The content and learning guidance validities of the contraceptive education program were 0.93 points and more than 4 points, respectively. There were statistically significant increases over time incontraceptive knowledge(F=56.71, p<.001), contraceptive attitude(F=4.31, p=.018) and contraceptive self-esteem (F=8.15, p<.001) in the experimental group. The results indicate that the contraceptive education program is effective in improving the contraceptive knowledge, contraceptive attitude and contraceptive self-esteem among high-school students. Further study is recommended to confirm the long-term effects of the contraceptive education program.
Resource Utilization and Costs of Stroke Unit Care Integrated in a Care Continuum: A 1-Year Controlled, Prospective, Randomized Study in Elderly Patients

Background and Purpose—The aim of the present study was to examine resource utilization during a 12-month period after acute stroke in elderly patients randomized to care in an acute stroke unit integrated with a care continuum compared with conventional care in general medical wards. A secondary aim was to describe costs related to the severity of stroke. Methods—Two hundred forty-nine consecutive patients aged ≥70 years with acute stroke within 7 days before admission, living in their own homes in Goteborg, Sweden, without recognized need of care were randomized to 2 groups: 166 patients were assigned to nonintensive stroke unit care with a care continuum, and 83 patients were assigned to conventional care. There was no difference in mortality or the proportion of patients living at home after 1 year. Main outcomes were costs from inpatient care, outpatient care, and informal care. Results—Mean annual cost per patient was 170 000 Swedish crowns (SEK) (equivalent to $25 373) and 191 000 SEK ($28 507) in.
The Impact of Substance Use on the Developing Brain

Americans annually consume significant amounts of alcohol, tobacco, prescription opioids, and illegal drugs. The National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) estimated that in 2014, 52.4% of U.S. citizens 12 years of age or older were currently using alcohol, 25.4% were using tobacco, 8.0% were using marijuana, 3.3% were using some other type of illicit drug, and in the past year, 4.1% had taken prescription opioids for nonmedical purposes. This level of substance use has resulted in substantial economic and social consequences and represents a significant public health challenge for the nation [1]. The excessive use of alcohol alone cost the US $249 billion in 2010 [2], with tobacco costing $289 billion in 2014 [3], illicit drugs $193 billion in 2007 [4], and prescription drugs $53.4 billion in 2006 [5]. Assuming spending rates remained stable, these expenditures represent a combined total of approximately $876.6 billion in 2017 dollars. These estimates do not begin to represent the significant personal costs resulting from the consequences of substance use such as addiction, loss of employment, familial disruption, health problems, and criminal justice involvement [1]. Loss of life is the most serious outcome related to substance use; 44,827 U.S. deaths in 2015 were tied to alcohol or drug use [6], and an additional 480,000 deaths were attributable to tobacco use [3]. With the exception of tobacco, which is used at significantly higher rates in Indiana, the use of alcohol, prescription pain relievers, and illicit drugs parallels the consumption levels noted for the rest of the country [1]. While the overall economic cost of Hoosiers’ substance use to IndiJuly 2017 IMPROVING COMMUNITY HEALTH THROUGH POLICY RESEARCH 17-H07