Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond “twokenism”: Organizational factors enabling female directors to affect the appointment of a female CEO

In this article, I examine how a critical mass of female directors affects the likelihood that a firm will appoint a female CEO. Drawing on critical mass perspective, I argue that increasing the number of female directors beyond a certain threshold significantly increases the likelihood that firms will appoint female CEOs. Also, I argue that the positive effect of female board representation on the appointment of a female CEO is stronger when the firm is more open toward gender diversity. I test these arguments by analyzing 3669 CEO succession events in large US firms between 1997 and 2017. Results show that the likelihood of appointing a female CEO increases significantly when a board has at least three female directors. Also, I found that firms’ female-friendliness—which was measured by (1) male directors’ awareness of female CEOs at other firms, (2) gender gap in executive pay, and (3) the proportion of female executives—affects the relationship between female board representation and the likelihood of appointing a female CEO, helping female directors affect the likelihood of appointing a female CEO even when their number is lower than the critical mass.
Oxide Synaptic Transistors Coupled With Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Bio-Inspired Tactile Sensing Application

An energy-efficient tactile-sensing element composed of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and an electrolyte-gated synaptic transistor (EGT) is presented for biological tactile sensory neuron emulation. As the mechanoreceptor, TENG converts pressure signals into voltage pulses directly. The EGT is used as a neuromorphic device to emulate the behaviors of biological synapse. Typical functions of tactile sensory neuron to perceive dynamic pressures with different intensities, amounts and frequencies are studied. Besides, spiders’ ability of identifying prey by sensing the vibrations of cobweb is also emulated.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Triggered Therapy to Combat Bacterial Biofilm Infections by MoSe2/TiO2 Nanorod Arrays on Bone Implants

Light‐triggered antibacterial therapy is a promising alternative to combat bone‐implant‐associated infections. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is already widely used in biomedical engineering due to its excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and photocatalytic capability. However, the narrow absorption band in near‐infrared (NIR) region restricts its practical application as photosensitizer for disinfection. Herein, molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2)/TiO2‐Ti nanorod arrays (NRAs) with enhanced photothermal conversion and photocatalytic performance under 808 nm NIR light irradiation are prepared on titanium (Ti) by a two‐step hydrothermal treatment. The combined actions of hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species give rise to excellent antibacterial activities on titanium requiring irradiation for only 10 min as demonstrated by the experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the introduction of arginine–glycine–aspartic acid can not only eliminate the weak toxicity of MoSe2, but also improve the cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of TiO2‐Ti NRAs. This composite NRAs show great promise for in situ and nonsurgical treatment of biofilm infection on Ti implants.
Essays on Firms and Public Policies

This dissertation is composed of three essays on firms and public policies. The first essay investigates the role substitutability among age cohorts within the firm for the consequences of an increase in the full retirement age, and for other policies that lower the turnover of older workers. The second essay examines the redistribution of labor costs within the firm. The third essay investigates the role of firms for the passthrough of the effects of public policies. In the first essay, which is joint work with Giulia Bovini, we study the effects of an increase in the full retirement age on labor demand, incumbent workers, and on the revenues raised on incumbent employees through this policy. Using administrative data, we first document that older workers delaying retirement and younger co-workers are substitutes. We then show that labor demand spillovers cause large leakages in the revenues raised on a firm’s employees through the pension reform. We conclude that firm’s behavior and labor substitutability have important implications for the impact of policies that lower the turnover of older workers. In the second essay, I ask how labor costs are redistributed within firms. I use administrative data for the universe of French private sector companies to study a payroll tax reform implemented in France in 2003. The policy changed payroll tax subsidies for low-paid workers leaving tax rates unchanged for other workers. I show that tax cuts affect both low-paid and high-paid employees by increasing their net wages. This redistribution reduces the effectiveness of the policy in transferring resources to low-paid workers.
The Principal, the Agent, and the Culture: Potential Impacts of Culture on Financing Contracts

ABSTRACT Entrepreneurs are vital for the success of any country, especially that of emerging and newly emerging economies. In this article, we look at how financial information sharing by entrepreneurs impacts access to capital. We model the relationship between entrepreneurs and lenders as that of a principal-agent and show how this agency theory perspective combined with culture of the country can present a richer understanding of the relationship between information sharing and access to capital. Implications of our findings are discussed in detail.
Mental Maps and the Use of Sensory Information by Blind and Partially Sighted People

This article aims to fill an important gap in the literature by reporting on blind and partially sighted people's use of spatial representations (mental maps) from their perspective and when travelling on real routes. The results presented here were obtained from semi-structured interviews with 100 blind and partially sighted people in five different countries. They are intended to answer three questions about the representation of space by blind and partially sighted people, how these representations are used to support travel, and the implications for the design of travel aids and orientation and mobility training. They show that blind and partially sighted people do have spatial representations and that a number of them explicitly use the term mental map. This article discusses the variety of approaches to spatial representations, including the sensory modalities used, the use of global or local representations, and the applications to support travel. The conclusions summarize the answers to the three questions and include a two-level preliminary classification of the spatial representations of blind and partially sighted people.
Joint Canada/United States Survey of Health

1. Length of the IWJ1GHEQ variable “Home Equity” In the data file and the SPSS and SAS layouts, the IWJ1GHEQ variable “Home Equity” had a length of 6. However, the documentation showed that variable having a length of 7. A space was added in front of the variable so SPSS would recognize the minus sign for the negative values of home equity. An extra space has been added to the data and layouts to reflect the correct documentation.
Pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided optimization of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) exposure in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients: U.S.-based clinical practices experience.

3574 Background: Multiple studies have demonstrated how PK-guided dosing to optimize infusional 5FU exposure improves both response rates and toxicities. With 5FU PK testing now available using a rapid, reliable immunoassay, we present US-based oncologists’ experience with individualizing 5FU dosing based on PK in patients with adjuvant or metastatic CRC. Methods: Between June 5, 2013 and January 17, 2014, Saladax Biomedical Laboratories (a CLIA-certified lab) determined 5FU plasma levels (My5-FU assay) in 631 samples collected ~24+6Hr after the start of 5FU continuous infusion from 240 CRC patients (n=250 therapy lines). Systemic 5FU exposure (calculated as area under the curve [AUC]) and dose adjustment recommendations to achieve target range (AUC = 20 – 30 mg*hr/L) were reported to physicians. Evaluable cycle pairs were defined as two consecutive cycles with AUC results. Actual vs. target AUC, recommended vs. actual dose adjustment, and ability to adjust exposure to target range were evaluated. Results.
Statistical analyses of morphological variation in the Gymnopodium floribundum complex (Polygonaceae): definition of three subspecies

Background and Aims: Morphological variability in Gymnopodium floribundum along its distribution area has been the source of taxonomic and nomenclatural inconsistencies, sometimes recognizing up to three species and two varieties. In this paper we present morphometric analyses of variation in 224 specimens of G. floribundum in order to determine the existence of morphological patterns that correspond to geographically structured phenotypic diversity.Methods: The data matrix consisted of 224 specimens and 32 characters, 21 were quantitative and 11 qualitative. A dendrogram was estimated with UPGMA’s algorithm and the Gower´s coefficient. The 21 quantitative characters were subjected to principal components analysis. With the groups identified in the dendrogram, we performed a PERMANOVA using all quantitative characters. Canonical Variate Analyses of leaf shape and perianth segment shape of all specimens were executed.Key results: The results of multivariate analyses suggest the existence of three phenetic groups, which mostly correspond to three geographic regions: Belize, the Pacific Coastal Plain and the Yucatán Peninsula. These groups are distinguished by the presence or absence of indument on leaf blade, ochrea and petiole, the distances between the floral fascicles, and the length and width of the external and internal segments of the perianth. Two of the geographic groups correspond to infraspecific taxa previously recognized by Standley and Steyermark. Our distances and shape morphometric analyses uncover a third group from the southern Pacific region which presents novel characters.Conclusions: Based on these results we raise the rank of two varieties G. floribundum var. antigonoides and G. floribundum var. floribundumto subspecies, and propose to recognize a new third subspecies: Gymnopodium floribundum subsp. chiapensis.
Caracterização de bots no Twitter durante as Eleições Presidenciais no Brasil em 2018

Em 2018 ocorreram as Eleições Presidenciais no Brasil e foi frequenemente divulgado pela mı́dia que bots foram utilizados nas redes sociais para compartilhar fake news e aumentar o engajamento de candidatos. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar o comportamento desses usuários no Twitter durante as campanhas eleitorais. Para tanto, foram identificados mais de 2000 usuários bots, com métricas de atividade calculadas e comparadas com usuários comuns. Enfim, a influência de tais usuários foi quantificada e os resultados indicam que os bots afetaram as discussões online.
An investigation into the hydration and growth of ice layers on metal surfaces using low temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy

This thesis discusses the surface wetting of close-packed, open-faced and stepped metal surfaces and the variation in structures that form in this interfacial layer. It takes into account how specific sites can provide preferential binding, how the reactivity of different metals can have an effect on the structures which form and whether this influences dissociation. It also deliberates factors that help make a good ice nucleating agent and whether a surface can act as a template to grow an ordered multilayer film. Tackling a variety of different surface characteristics, the discussions in this thesis give a good overview of the field, but also the on-going issues and difficulties which still need to be addressed and hopefully overcome in the future.
Automated Labeling and Learning for Physical Layer Authentication Against Clone Node and Sybil Attacks in Industrial Wireless Edge Networks

In this article, a scheme to detect both clone and Sybil attacks by using channel-based machine learning is proposed. To identify malicious attacks, channel responses between sensor peers have been explored as a form of fingerprints with spatial and temporal uniqueness. Moreover, the machine-learning-based method is applied to provide a more accurate authentication rate. Specifically, by combining with edge devices, we apply a threshold detection method based on channel differences to provide offline training sample sets with labels for the machine learning algorithm, which avoids manually generating labels. Therefore, our proposed scheme is lightweight for resource constrained industrial wireless devices, since only an online-decision making is required. Extensive simulations and experiments were conducted in real industrial environments. Both results show that the authentication accuracy rate of our strategy with an appropriate threshold can achieve 84% without manual labeling.
Real World And Virtual Object Obstacle In Augmented Reality Using Scene Perception

: Augmented Reality is a technique for combining digital content with the real world in real-time. Intel RealSense 3D cameras are used to produce digital content in markerless based Augmented Reality. This camera reconstructs a real environment in three dimensions. Scene perception is a method for reconstructing real environments in three dimensions. Utilization of this camera in Augmented Reality in the form of an autonomous agent. An autonomous agent has a navigation function to get to the destination point by searching for paths called pathfinding. Autonomous agents have three behaviors, namely, seek, arrive, and action selection. These behaviors are used autonomous agents to get to the destination point by avoiding virtual and real obstacles that exist in the real world. The scene perception method is used to make a mesh. This mesh is a virtual grid in the real world that is used as an Augmented Reality area. The navigation results of the autonomous agent using the scene perception method in Augmented Reality can work properly. Autonomous agents can go to their destination point by avoiding virtual and real obstacles.
Medial pie-crusting for varus deformity in total knee arthroplasty

Background:In total knee arthroplasty, soft tissue imbalance must be corrected to improve alignment and gait and avoid wear of the bearing surfaces. Pie-crusting the lateral side of the knee has been described for severe valgus deformity. We report our results of a medial pie-crusting technique for the varus knee. Methods:Pie-crusting of the medial soft tissues was performed for varus deformity in 259 primary total knee arthroplasties in 246 patients. The average age was 65 yr (range 38-86) with an average body mass index of 33 kg/m2 (range 21-53). Results:At 4-years surveillance (range 2-7.7), range of motion was 110 degrees (range 80-136). Knee Society stability scores averaged 25 (range 15-25). No revisions were required for instability, and no constrained condylar inserts were used. Anatomic alignment improved from 5.9 degrees varus (range 1 to 20 degrees varus) to 4.7 degrees valgus (range 2 degrees varus to 11 degrees valgus). Knee Society scores averaged 76 points (range 29-90). Conclusions:Pie-crusting of the medial side of the varus knee is a predictable, reliable technique resulting in a well-aligned, well-balanced total knee arthroplasty.
Online channel strategies under different offline channel power structures for the Belt and Road of China

ABSTRACT This paper explores the online channel strategies adopted by Chinese manufacturers with regard to the Belt and Road. It also investigates the effect of offline channel power structures and maritime transportation costs on online channel mode selection and pricing strategies. The offline channel power structures are classified into three types, namely, Chinese manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) structure, vertical Nash (VN) structure, and foreign retailer Stackelberg (RS) structure. Furthermore, a game model is developed among the Chinese manufacturer, foreign retailer, and cross-border e-tailer to investigate the interactions among offline channel power structures, maritime transportation costs, and Chinese manufacturers’ online channel mode selection. The results show that Chinese manufacturers’ preferences for the online agency selling mode increases correspondingly with the decrease in their market position and bargaining power. Moreover, foreign retailers can obtain higher profits in the online agency selling mode under the VN structure. However, the level of profit for foreign retailers depends on the intensity of their competition with cross-border e-tailers under the MS and RS structures. Finally, consumers in countries along the Belt and Road can obtain a higher surplus in the online agency selling mode under all of the structures.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Retailer-Themed Super Saver Events

In response to pressure to defend their stand sales against discounters, grocery retailers started engaging in retailer-themed super saver events: promotional events (1) specific to the retailer, in which they (2) mass advertise (3) unusually deep, immediate deals (4) across a broad range of categories (5) under a common savings theme and deal format. Given these characteristics, such events are expected to generate higher awareness and interest than typical day-to-day promotions, thereby enhancing visits and purchases during the event but also reducing them before and after. The authors evaluate these effects by analyzing 44 retailer-themed super saver events operated by the largest Dutch grocery retailers over four years. They find a substantial increase in visits and total purchases during the event, especially among nonprimary customers and hard-discount shoppers. The larger part of this lift stems from the use of an overarching event theme. Consumers buy less in anticipation of the event and visit the store more often afterward, but for smaller baskets—typically leading to a null effect in terms of profit. Finally, our results suggest that rather than the deal depth or advertising budget, the number of items and media resonance of the theme are key drivers of event success.
Enhancing Driver Distraction Recognition Using Generative Adversarial Networks

Distracted driving is among the primary causes for serious car accidents. Among the leading cause of death among teenagers today are traffic accidents and major part of them are related to distracted driving. We propose here an end-to-end Convolutional Neural Network-based driver distraction recognition (DDR) system that can generalize to diverse driving conditions. The proposed method consists of two steps: developing generative models to produce images of different driving scenarios and developing a discriminative model for image classification. Unlike traditional methods based on image data-sets collected by simulation experiments, we collect a diverse data-set of drivers in different driving conditions and activity patterns from the Internet and train generative models for multiple driving scenarios. By sampling from these generative models, we augment the collected data-set with new training samples and train a Convolutional Neural Network for distraction recognition. We demonstrate that the generative models are able to generate images of drivers in different driving scenarios. With augmentative images, the DDR system achieves an improvement of 11.45% on image classification performance in a driving simulation environment. Moreover, we demonstrate how the trained DDR systems can be integrated within a driver monitoring system.
Monoacylglycerols and diacylglycerols for fat-based food products: a review

The flexibility of monoacylglycerol (MAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) attracted the attention of researchers to learn more about MAG and DAG in food science and technology. The objective of this paper is to serve a review or summarize the production (especially enzymatic glycerolysis), characteristics, and application of MAG and DAG, especially for fat-based products. The characteristic of MAG and DAG related to melting and crystallization properties, polymorphism, microstructure, and rheology are presented and discussed. The applications of MAG and DAG include their use as fats/oils rich in MAG and DAG, margarine/shortening, surfactant/emulsifier, and organogels are also provided. Various studies have shown that MAG and DAG can improve the characteristics of various fat-based food products.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Cilnidipine

Cilnidipine is one of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. It was created combinedly by Fuji Viscera Pharmaceutical Company, Ajinomoto and Japan and was approved in the year 1995. Cilnidipine acts on N-type calcium channel where exist the end of sympathetic nerve in addition to common L-type calcium channel like that of other calcium antagonists. China, Japan, India, Korea and several other countries approved this drug. The objective of the method validation is to demonstrate whether the method was suited for the intended purpose. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The method was validated for linearity, precision (repeatability, intermediate precision), accuracy, specificity, robustness, limit of detection and limit of quantification. Cosmosil (4.6 X 250mm, 5 μ) column was used for separation. The selected wavelength for Cilnidipine was 241 nm. The mobile phase consists Methanol: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (50:50). Flow rate was delivered at 1.0 mL/min. Appropriate dilutions of standard stock solutions were prepared as per the get desired concentrations in the range of 100-500 mcg/ml. The RT obtained was 4.8165 minutes.
ESTIMATING THE EFFECT OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT FACTORS ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS BY PATH ANALYSIS

Background : Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder. Progression of diabetes complications mostly due to lack of blood sugar control. The purpose of this study was to test a hypothesized model of individual and social factors affecting blood sugar control. Methods: Present study is a cross-sectional study and patients were selected using sex stratified random sampling. Path analysis was conducted to investigate effects variables of the diabetes knowledge, patient and doctor relationship, self care, the number of education years, household income and duration of diabetes on HbA1c. The following goodness-of-model fit were used: χ2 , RMSEA, CFI and SRMR test-statistics. Results: The estimated m odel demonstrated good model fit, (χ 2 = 5, p=0.4), (RMSEA=0.006), (CFI =0.99) and (SRMR=0.022). Total effect and total indirect effect of age on HbA1c were significant. Age through duration of diabetes had significant indirect effect on HbA1c. Total effect of duration of diabetes on HbA1c was significant. With increasing duration of diabetes HbA1c also had increased. Total effect of waist-to-hip ratio on HbA1c was significant. Waist-to-hip ratio had significant direct effect on HbA1c. Conclusion : In the current study the effect of individual factors such as age, waist-to-hip ratio, depression and duration of diabetes on glycemic control were detected. According to the capabilities used in this method can providing results of this study with patients and local policy makers in order to improve the care of patients with diabetes