Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Slow Voltage‐Dependent Inactivation of a Sustained Sodium Current in Stellate Cells of Rat Entorhinal Cortex Layer II

he so-called persistent sodium current (INaP) has lately been devoted increasing attention for its functional role in important subthreshold and near-threshold neuronal activities. In a specific neuronal population of entorhinal cortex (EC), namely the stellate cells of layer II, which give rise to the main cortical projection to the hippocampus, INaP has been shown to critically participate in the generation of subthreshold membrane-potential oscillations in the theta-rhythm range. This particular subthreshold activity is likely to contribute to the generation, at a population level, of synchronized oscillations that represent a well-known feature of EC and hippocampus, and are believed to play an important role in learning and memory processes. In the present study we undertook a biophysical characterization of the INaP expressed by EC layer II stellate cells. The study was performed both in acutely dissociated neurons (see reference 4 for the dissociation procedure) and in slices from young (P15-20) Long-Evans rats, by applying the patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration. The ionic composition of extraand intracellular recordings was suitable for isolating sodium currents (see the figure legends). In both isolated and in situ neurons the application of slow (50-mV/s) voltage ramps under voltage-clamp conditions revealed the presence of a prominent inwardly rectifying current that was suppressed by TTx (1 μM) (see for instance FIG. 1C), and was therefore identified as INaP. To establish whether this current could be simply accounted for by a classic Hodgkin-Huxley “window” current arising from the gating properties of the fast sodium current (INa), we applied protocols such as that shown in FIGure 1. The voltage-dependence properties of INa were determined with standard activation and steady state inactivation protocols (FIG. 1A). Activation and steady state inactivation graphics of the conductance accounting for INa (GNa) were constructed in single cells, and fitted with Boltzmann functions (FIG. 1B); the voltage dependence of the predicted window conductance (GNaW) was thus derived (FIG. 1B, dotted line). In the same cells, INaP was also recorded and isolated via TTx subtraction (FIG. 1C), and the voltage dependence of the underlying sodium conductance (GNaP) was derived. The comparison of the voltage dependences of GNaW and GNaP (FIG. 1D) revealed marked discrepancies in a voltage region positive to about −40 mV, where GNaW would be predicted to rapidly decrease
Architekturkonzept zur Realisierung flexibel erweiterbarer Fachkomponenten

Das Ziel, betriebliche Anwendungssysteme durch Zusammenfugen von wiederverwendbaren (Software-)Komponenten zu erstellen, wird schon seit langem verfolgt. Idealerweise sollen dabei Komponenten verschiedener Anbieter kundenindividuell zu einem Anwendungssystem kombiniert werden, so das sich die Vorteile der Verwendung von Standardbzw. Individualsoftware verbinden. Um dies zu erreichen, bedarf es standardisierter Komponenten, die unabhangig vom Hersteller zu einem betrieblichen Anwendungssystem kombinierbar sind. Aus prinzipiellen Erwagungen heraus kann jedoch nicht davon ausgegangen werden, das eine vollstandige Standardisierung der betrieblichen Anwendungsdomane jemals gegeben sein wird. Als Ergebnis verschiedener aktueller Standardisierungsbestrebungen kann aber von der Etablierung von Teiloder Kernstandards ausgegangen werden. Damit kommt neben der generellen Anpasbarkeit eines komponentenbasierten Anwendungssystems der Flexibilitat und Erweiterbarkeit einzelner Komponenten besondere Bedeutung zu. Aufgrund ihrer Erweiterbarkeit wird es moglich, Eigenschaften hinzuzufugen, die in einem Kernstandard nicht vorgesehen sind. In diesem Beitrag wird das Problem der Erweiterbarkeit aufgegriffen und ein Architekturkonzept vorgestellt, das es erlaubt, Komponenten zur Laufzeit bezuglich der verarbeitbaren Daten sowie der zugehorigen Schnittstellen zu erweitern. Dazu wird nach einer Erlauterung des zugrunde liegenden Leitbilds zunachst auf die Standardisierung betrieblicher Daten eingegangen. Darauf aufbauend wird das vorgeschlagenen Architekturkonzept erlautert und am Beispiel von Fachkomponenten zur Verwaltung betrieblicher Daten verdeutlicht. Ferner werden einige Aspekte der prototypischen Implementierung dargestellt.
Understanding the Context of Patient Safety Through The Lenses of Three IMIA Working Groups

Delivering safe patient centered care remains an important yet elusive goal across healthcare systems worldwide. The complexity of healthcare delivery and the unique contexts where it is delivered necessitates patient safety solutions that go beyond individual perspectives. This paper articulates the current state of patient safety research and HIT from the perspective of three International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) working groups. Each WG will describe patient safety issues within their domain. We then integrate the three WG perspectives into an integrated model to support research, education and policy development for patient safety where HIT is concerned.
Patience , Dynamic of Protest , and Ukraine ’ s 2004 Orange Revolution

Studies have found many determinants of joining the protests such as personal network, personality, group identity, and resource. However, the recent mass demonstrations usually took weeks and even months on the street and citizens may join the rally at different points of time. Why did some people join the protest at the first day against the government’s wrongdoing, while others may join a few days later? This article suggests that patience an important personal trait of how much people discount the future payoff determines whether an individual will join the mass demonstration in the early stage. Analysis of the representative 2007 Ukrainian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey reveals that Ukrainians who discount the future less were much likely to join the Orange Revolution right after the large-scale electoral irregularity broke out in the presidential runoff election. Meanwhile, patience failed to explain the protest participation before, or long after, the electoral fraud. Its implication to the formal theories, democratic consolidation, and protest mobilization are finally discussed.
Mechanism of allograft rejection in New Zealand mice. II. Role of a serum factor.

Aging New Zealand mice develop impaired cellular immune functions including delayed rejection of primary skin allografts, a model of cellular immunity. In the first paper in this series it was found that old NZB/W mice are deficient in a recirculating T cell subpopulation which is present in young NZB/W mice. This T cell synergizes with a second T cell subpopulation present in both young and old NZB/W mice to effect prompt allograft rejection. The present study investigates the mechanism by which recirculating T cells cooperating in skin allograft rejection are eliminated as New Zealand mice age. It was found that a host factor diverts lymphoid cells from the recirculating pool. This host factor was found to have specificity for an antigen common to thymocyte and brain suggesting that it was similar to antisera to the Thy 1 (θ) antigen; the naturally occurring antithymocyte antibody (NTA) present in New Zealand mice has the same type of specificity. It appears that NTA leads to a reduction in recirculating T cells as New Zealand mice age resulting in impaired cellular immunity.
A tunable gyrator-capacitor active inductor

A new circuit solution for a gyrator-capacitor active inductor implementation is proposed. The gyrator is implemented using two instances of a ±90% wide range fine tuning transconductor. The transconductor is built around an unbalanced current mirror used as tune element. A DC current is injected into a resistor in order to create an unbalance on the VGS loop of the current mirror. The equivalent inductance of the structure can be adjusted from 1mH to 450mH.
Second harmonic current compensator with improved one-cycle-control

The instantaneous output power of the two-stage single inverter pulsates at twice the output voltage frequency, generating second harmonic current (SHC) in the input dc voltage source and the front-end dc-dc converter. To eliminate the SHC, a second harmonic current compensator (SHCC), whose input current is controlled by the improved one-cycle-control (OCC) proposed in this paper, is applied to compensate the SHC in the input of the downstream inverter. For the purpose of maximizing the direct reactive power transfer between the dc-link and the storage capacitor in the SHCC, peak voltage control is proposed to regulate the storage capacitor voltage such that power losses of the SHCC could be reduced at light load. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed improved OCC on input current control and the peak voltage control on storage capacitor voltage regulation.
Freiwilligkeit als soziales Kapital der Gesellschaft. Makrosoziologische Untersuchungen für die Schweizer Kantone

Referate und Zusammenfassungen der 5. Tagung der Europaischen Freiwilligenuniversitat vom 30. bis 31.5. 2005 in Luzern. Verschiedene gesellschaftliche Bereiche, die traditionell mit unbezahlter Arbeit abgedeckt worden sind, gehen in vermehrtem Ausmass in den Bereich der bezahlten Arbeit uber. Dabei wird in der Regel mit der Notwendigkeit von vermehrter Professionalisierung argumentiert. Generell unterliegen immer grossere Bereiche der Lebenszusammenhange einem Monetarisierungsprozess. Sie werden dem Markt erschlossen und werden so Gegegenstand von Erwerbsarbeit. Es hat den Anschein, dass sich diese Entwicklung in den letzten Jahrzehnten beschleunigt hat. Die Europaische Freiwilligenuniversitat (EFU) 2005 Luzern hat sich in Referaten und Workshops mit Fragestellungen auseinandergesetzt, die sich aus dieser Entwicklung ergeben: Dem Stellenwert der Freiwilligenarbeit in der heutigen Gesellschaft, der Suche nach Modellen und Konzepten, die sich mit der angedeuteten Entwicklung auseinandersetzen, der Bewaltigung der sich daraus ergebenden Spannungsfelder und Probleme. Das Buch enthalt die Beitrage von Markus Freitag, Michael Nollert, Theo Wehner, Marianne Resch, Heidi Schelbert, Martina Ziegerer, Agnes Fritze, Jurgen Stremlow, Heinz Jannig, Gisela Jacob, Gerd Placke, Sandro Cattacin, Patrick Kenis, Annette Zimmer u. a. m.
Use-dependent amplification of presynaptic Ca2+ signaling by axonal ryanodine receptors at the hippocampal mossy fiber synapse

Presynaptic Ca2+ stores have been suggested to regulate Ca2+ dynamics within the nerve terminals at certain types of the synapse. However, little is known about their mode of activation, molecular identity, and detailed subcellular localization. Here, we show that the ryanodine-sensitive stores exist in axons and amplify presynaptic Ca2+ accumulation at the hippocampal mossy fiber synapses, which display robust presynaptic forms of plasticity. Caffeine, a potent drug inducing Ca2+ release from ryanodine-sensitive stores, causes elevation of presynaptic Ca2+ levels and enhancement of transmitter release from the mossy fiber terminals. The blockers of ryanodine receptors, TMB-8 or ryanodine, reduce presynaptic Ca2+ transients elicited by repetitive stimuli of mossy fibers but do not affect those evoked by single shocks, suggesting that ryanodine receptors amplify presynaptic Ca2+ dynamics in an activity dependent manner. Furthermore, we generated the specific antibody against the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2; originally referred to as the cardiac type) and examined the cellular and subcellular localization using immunohistochemistry. RyR2 is highly expressed in the stratum lucidum of the CA3 region and mostly colocalizes with axonal marker NF160 but not with terminal marker VGLUT1. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that RyR2 is distributed around smooth ER within the mossy fibers but is almost excluded from their terminal portions. These results suggest that axonal localization of RyR2 at sites distant from the active zones enables use dependent Ca2+ release from intracellular stores within the mossy fibers and thereby facilitates robust presynaptic forms of plasticity at the mossy fiber-CA3 synapse.
Ecology and genetics of speciation in Ficedula flycatchers

Birds have for long been popular study objects in speciation research. Being easy to observe in the field, they have traditionally been particularly important in studies of behavioural and ecological factors in speciation, whereas the genetic aspects of the process have been studied in other organisms, such as Drosophila. More recently, however, a stronger genetic focus has been placed on speciation research also in birds. Here, we review ecological, behavioural and genetic studies on speciation in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) and the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis). These well‐studied birds provide among the few proposed examples of the process of reinforcement of premating isolation, and the evidence for reinforcement is strong. They are further characterized by having strong intrinsic postzygotic barriers (female hybrid sterility), yet the two species appear to be very similar ecologically. This is in stark contrast to another well‐studied bird complex, Darwin’s finches, in which the species differ vastly in ecologically important traits but have no developmental problems arising from genetic incompatibilities, and where no evidence for reinforcement is found. In the flycatchers, sex chromosome linkage of genes affecting traits associated with both pre‐ and postzygotic barriers to gene exchange is likely to facilitate reinforcement. We discuss whether such sex‐linkage may be common in birds. The contrast between flycatchers and Darwin’s finches indicate that speciation in birds cannot always be understood mainly as a result of divergent natural selection (‘ecological speciation’), and generalizations from one system may lead us astray. We discuss to what extent insight from research on the flycatchers may point to fruitful avenues for future research on bird speciation and specifically call for a more systematic effort to simultaneously investigate ecology, behaviour and genetics of birds caught in the process of speciation.
Conserving energy during hibernation

[Figure][1] Fritz Geiser discusses the impact of Barbara Snapp and Craig Heller's classic paper ‘Suppression of metabolism during hibernation in ground squirrels ( Citellus lateralis )’, published in Physiological Zoology in 1981. How hibernators manage to reduce their high
Predicting the Incremental Benefits of Online Information Search for Heterogeneous Consumers

Consumer information search (CIS), the process by which a consumer browses and inspects a shopping environment for appropriate information to select a product or service from available options, has been a research focus in the context of online business. One of the key questions related to CIS is how to determine how much information to search (i.e., when to stop searching). Extensive literature on behavioral science has revealed that consumers often search either "too little" or "too much," even with the help of existing consumer decision support systems (CDSSs). To address this issue, this article introduces a new method of CDSSs that provides effective estimation of incremental search benefits. The method, called the personalized distribution-based prediction method (PDM), is developed from the perspective of machine learning and utilizes consumer preference information generated by collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms. In contrast to related methods that assume that all consumers follow the same distribution function in terms of product preference, the PDM method is designed to consider the diversified search behaviors of consumers through the incorporation of heterogeneous preference distribution functions. Experiments based on data provided by Netflix illustrate that the proposed method is effective and advantageous over existing applicable techniques. Theoretical analyses are also provided to explain the advantageous performance of PDM. [web URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/10.1111/deci.12200/full]
The impact of prevention on reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease.

OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is prevalent and expensive. While many interventions are recommended to prevent CVD, the potential effects of a comprehensive set of prevention activities on CVD morbidity, mortality, and costs have never been evaluated. We therefore determined the effects of 11 nationally recommended prevention activities on CVD-related morbidity, mortality, and costs in the United States. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used person-specific data from a representative sample of the US population (National Health and Nutrition Education Survey IV) to determine the number and characteristics of adults aged 20-80 years in the United States today who are candidates for different prevention activities related to CVD. We used the Archimedes model to create a simulated population that matched the real US population, person by person. We then used the model to simulate a series of clinical trials that examined the effects over the next 30 years of applying each prevention activity one by one, or altogether, to those who are candidates for the various activities and compared the health outcomes, quality of life, and direct medical costs to current levels of prevention and care. We did this under two sets of assumptions about performance and compliance: 100% success for each activity and lower levels of success considered aggressive but still feasible. RESULTS Approximately 78% of adults aged 20-80 years alive today in the United States are candidates for at least one prevention activity. If everyone received the activities for which they are eligible, myocardial infarctions and strokes would be reduced by 63% and 31%, respectively. If more feasible levels of performance are assumed, myocardial infarctions and strokes would be reduced 36% and 20%, respectively. Implementation of all prevention activities would add approximately 221 million life-years and 244 million quality-adjusted life-years to the US adult population over the coming 30 years, or an average of 1.3 years of life expectancy for all adults. Of the specific prevention activities, the greatest benefits to the US population come from providing aspirin to high-risk individuals, controlling pre-diabetes, weight reduction in obese individuals, lowering blood pressure in people with diabetes, and lowering LDL cholesterol in people with existing coronary artery disease (CAD). As currently delivered and at current prices, most prevention activities are expensive when considering direct medical costs; smoking cessation is the only prevention strategy that is cost-saving over 30 years. CONCLUSIONS Aggressive application of nationally recommended prevention activities could prevent a high proportion of the CAD events and strokes that are otherwise expected to occur in adults in the United States today. However, as they are currently delivered, most of the prevention activities will substantially increase costs. If preventive strategies are to achieve their full potential, ways must be found to reduce the costs and deliver prevention activities more efficiently.
PID-based fail-safe strategy against the break of opposite motors in quadcopters

The growing interest on service robotics with the use and exploitation of unmanned aerial vehicles has revealed important issues related to safety and fail prevention during navigation, and recent research has been devoted to understand and modeling the breaking of 1, 2 or even 3 motors. In this context, the present paper investigates the dynamics of an unmanned aerial vehicle of quadrotor type using PID controllers before a scenario of total failure in two opposite engines and analyses the existing relation between an equipment design issue and its navigation condition after such a failure. As a contribution, it is proposed and discussed from simulations a strategy to mitigate the mentioned failure by landing the quadrotor in a smoothly fashion. At last, preliminary results of a real failure scenario are shown to match simulated predictions.
Metzger to Fight Stormwater Mosquitoes We Want You

www.stormh2o. com Mosquitoes are annoying. No joke. A single mosquito flying around your bedroom when you are trying to sleep can literally test your mental and emotional limits. While one is bad enough, a swarm of mosquitoes can lead to outright panic. What’s more, many species have embraced the urban lifestyle, using sources of standing water we’ve intentionally or unintentionally created as nurseries for their larvae. And, as you might guess, this includes water found within modern infrastructure engineered to manage stormwater runoff. In fact, in many urban areas, there is some evidence that stormwater infrastructure may be the single greatest source of mosquitoes (Harbison et al. 2010). With these rather disturbing visuals in place, we present an argument for increased collaboration between stormwater and mosquito control agencies to improve our chances against these irritatingly persistent foes.
Inkjet printed BST thick-films for x-band phase shifter and phased array applications

This paper presents a novel method of inkjet printed Barium-Strontium-Titanate (BST) material for low-cost RF application. To demonstrate its capability in phased array antenna application, a compact continuously tunable load line phase shifter in the frequency range from 8 GHz to 10 GHz is realized. The BST thick-film is printed at the areas which interdigital capacitors are later patterned. A phase shift of 175° and the figure of merit (FoM) of 20° /dB at 10GHz are achieved. The size of the planer circuit is 8mm × 6mm.
Les enjeux de la conciliation emploi-famille dans un secteur caractérisé par des conditions de travail difficiles : la restauration

Cet article presente les resultats d’une recherche qualitative menee dans le secteur de la restauration, lequel est reconnu pour ses conditions de travail difficiles. En effet, il est caracterise par des horaires de travail variables, qui occasionnent des difficultes du point de vue de la conciliation emploi-famille. Ces difficultes sont principalement dues au fait que les horaires sont atypiques, imprevisibles et incompatibles avec les mesures habituelles de conciliation emploi-famille telles que les services pour la garde des enfants. Malgre ces difficultes et le caractere stressant des emplois dans le secteur de la restauration, les individus interviewes disent demeurer au sein de cette industrie parce qu’ils aiment travailler avec le public; ils aiment la montee d’adrenaline et la satisfaction intrinseque associees a leur travail. Une raison importante qui explique la retention des employes malgre les difficultes de conciliation est le fait que leur metier est payant en proportion du nombre d’heures travaillees. Les resultats exposes dans cette etude permettent de brosser un portrait contraste de la conciliation emploi-famille dans un secteur marque par un dilemme entre obstacles et benefices.