Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Improved Transfer Current Model for RF and mm-Wave SiGe(C) Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors

The carrier transport in advanced SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) process technologies exhibits bandgap-related transport effects that not only impact the transconductance and output conductance characteristics, but are also difficult to describe accurately by compact models. This paper addresses the modeling of bandgap-related effects in the collector current by formulating an improved version of a generalized integral charge-control relation (GICCR). As a result, the experimentally observed degradation of the transconductance at low and medium current injection, which is a strong function of the Ge grading, as well as the output conductance are described by simple bias- and temperature-dependent formulations of the GICCR weight factors. The derived formulations fit seamlessly into the compact model HICUM/L2. The extended model shows excellent agreement over a wide bias and temperature range with the experimental data of a large variety of SiGe HBTs from technologies of different manufacturers, including production and most advanced lab processes.
Comparison of histology and immunohistochemistry with thyroglobulin serum levels and radioiodine uptake in recurrences and metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinomas.

The importance of lightmicroscopical and immunohistochemical features of 38 recurrent differentiated thyroid carcinomas (27 papillary carcinomas (PC), 11 follicular carcinomas (FC] for post-operative serum thyroglobulin (TG) concentrations was analysed in regard to pre-operative serum TG levels with tumour type, histological and cytological differentiation, volume fraction of TG synthesizing tumour cells (TG immunohistomorphometry), tumour volume and radioiodine uptake (RIU). Serum TG concentrations increased with tumour size and the number of TG synthesizing tumour cells (r = 0.5). PC and FC did not differ in their volume proportions of TG synthesizing tumour cells, while TG serum levels in FC significantly exceeded those of PC of similar size. The low TG serum levels found in PC might be explained by a specific defect in thyroglobulin secretion. Carcinomas with partial or total cytologic metaplasia (e.g. oxyphilic carcinomas) had low volume proportions of TG synthesizing cells and low serum TG levels. Thirteen of the 38 differentiated carcinomas (34.2%) showed both high TG serum levels and positive RIU, 17 (44.7%) disclosed only elevated TG serum levels and 6 (15.8%) a positive RIU. In two cases (5.3%) TG serum levels were not elevated and RIU's were negative. TG immunostaining was positive in all 38 cases. In summary, TG serum levels depend on the following morphologic factors in differentiated thyroid carcinomas: 1) Number of TG synthesizing tumour cells, 2) Mode of TG secretion and 3) Cytological differentiation of the tumour cells. Serum TG levels did not predict total body iodine scan.
The Laminar Organization of Piriform Cortex Follows a Selective Developmental and Migratory Program Established by Cell Lineage

Piriform cortex (PC) is a 3-layer paleocortex receiving primary afferent input from the olfactory bulb. The past decade has seen significant progress in understanding the synaptic, cellular and functional organization of PC, but PC embryogenesis continues to be enigmatic. Here, using birthdating strategies and clonal analyses, we probed the early development and laminar specificity of neurogenesis/gliogenesis as it relates to the organization of the PC. Our data demonstrate a temporal sequence of laminar-specific neurogenesis following the canonical "inside-out" pattern, with the notable exception of PC Layer II which exhibited an inverse "outside-in" temporal neurogenic pattern. Of interest, we found no evidence of a neurogenic gradient along the anterior to posterior axis, although the timing of neuronal migration and laminar development was delayed rostrally by approximately 24 h. To begin probing if lineage affected cell fate in the PC, we labeled PC neuroblasts using a multicolor technique and analyzed their laminar organization. Our results suggested that PC progenitors were phenotypically committed to reach specific layers early in the development. Collectively, these studies shed new light on the determinants of the laminar specificity of neuronal/glial organization in PC and the likely role of subpopulations of committed progenitors in regulating PC embryogenesis.
FIZZ1, a novel cysteine‐rich secreted protein associated with pulmonary inflammation, defines a new gene family

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from mice with experimentally induced allergic pulmonary inflammation contains a novel 9.4 kDa cysteine‐rich secreted protein, FIZZ1 (found in inflammatory zone). Murine (m) FIZZ1 is the founding member of a new gene family including two other murine genes expressed, respectively, in intestinal crypt epithelium and white adipose tissue, and two related human genes. In control mice, FIZZ1 mRNA and protein expression occur at low levels in a subset of bronchial epithelial cells and in non‐neuronal cells adjacent to neurovascular bundles in the peribronchial stroma, and in the wall of the large and small bowel. During allergic pulmonary inflammation, mFIZZ1 expression markedly increases in hypertrophic, hyperplastic bronchial epithelium and appears in type II alveolar pneumocytes. In vitro, recombinant mFIZZ1 inhibits the nerve growth factor (NGF)‐mediated survival of rat embryonic day 14 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and NGF‐induced CGRP gene expression in adult rat DRG neurons. In vivo, FIZZ1 may modulate the function of neurons innervating the bronchial tree, thereby altering the local tissue response to allergic pulmonary inflammation.
Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the oral, small-molecule mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in patients with advanced cancers.

PURPOSE To assess the tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PKs), and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in patients with advanced cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS In part A, patients received escalating doses to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD). In both parts, blood samples were collected to assess PK and PD parameters. In part B, patients were stratified by cancer type (melanoma v other) and randomly assigned to receive the MTD or 50% MTD. Biopsies were collected to determine inhibition of ERK phosphorylation, Ki-67 expression, and BRAF, KRAS, and NRAS mutations. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients were enrolled. MTD in part A was 200 mg bid, but this dose was discontinued in part B because of toxicity. The 50% MTD (100 mg bid) was well tolerated. Rash was the most frequent and dose-limiting toxicity. Most other adverse events were grade 1 or 2. The PKs were less than dose proportional, with a median half-life of approximately 8 hours and inhibition of ERK phosphorylation in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells at all dose levels. Paired tumor biopsies demonstrated reduced ERK phosphorylation (geometric mean, 79%). Five of 20 patients demonstrated >or= 50% inhibition of Ki-67 expression, and RAF or RAS mutations were detected in 10 of 26 assessable tumor samples. Nine patients had stable disease (SD) for >or= 5 months, including two patients with SD for 19 (thyroid cancer) and 22 (uveal melanoma plus renal cancer) 28-day cycles. CONCLUSION AZD6244 was well tolerated with target inhibition demonstrated at the recommended phase II dose. PK analyses supported twice-daily dosing. Prolonged SD was seen in a variety of advanced cancers. Phase II studies are ongoing.
Assessment of Acetazolamide Reactivity in Cerebral Blood Flow Using Spectral Analysis and Technetium-99m Hexamethylpropylene Amine Oxime

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be quantified noninvasively using the brain perfusion index (BPI), determined from radionuclide angiographic data generated with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO). Previously, the BPI has been calculated using graphical analysis (GA); however, the GA method is greatly affected by the first-pass extraction fraction and retention fraction, which are not only variable, but lower in cases with an increased CBF, such as after the administration of acetazolamide. Thus, GA-calculated BPI values (BPIG) may not reflect the absolute CBF. The objective of this study was to use the spectral analysis of radionuclide angiographic data collected using 99mTc-HMPAO to examine changes in the BPI after the administration of acetazolamide. We studied the CBF of both cerebral hemispheres in six healthy male volunteers; the BPI was measured at rest and after the intravenous administration of 1 g of acetazolamide. In all participants, an H215O positron emission tomography (PET) examination was also performed, and the spectral analysis—calculated BPI values (BPIS) and BPIG values were compared with the actual CBF measured using H215O PET (mCBFPET). The BPIS was 1.070 ± 0.051 (mean ± SD) at rest and 1.497 ± 0.098 after acetazolamide; the corresponding BPIG values were 0.646 ± 0.073 and 0.721 ± 0.107. The BPIS values were significantly correlated with the mCBFPET values, whereas the BPIG values were not. According to the BPIS values, the increase in BPI after the intravenous administration of acetazolamide was 40.1 ± 8.4%, as opposed to an increase of only 11.3 ± 6.5% according to the BPIG values. These results suggest that the spectral analysis of 99mTc-HMPAO—generated data yields a more reliable BPI than GA for the quantification of CBF after acetazolamide administration.
Consideraciones sobre la regulación de sistemas mediante técnicas de programación dinámica

Con este trabajo se analiza la aplicacion de la P.D. a la regulacion de sistemas en intervalo fijo. Un sistema de segundo orden se analiza en detalle, definiendo unas curvas limites que fijan condiciones necesarias para X (t), reduciendo considerablemente el calculo de trayectorias optimas. En el caso limite se comprueba que la ley de control que resulta es del tipo rele. Por ultimo, se discute una nueva forma de atacar problemas de optimizacion dinamica en los cuales las discretizaciones del tiempo son aperiodicas.
Remyelination capacity of the MS brain decreases with disease chronicity

Objective: To analyze and compare the extent of remyelination in lesions from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have a short (early MS lesions) or a long (chronic MS lesions) disease duration and to determine the influence of anatomic localization on the extent of remyelination. In early MS lesions, remyelination has been described as a relatively frequent event, in contrast to chronic MS lesions, where remyelination is absent or limited to the lesion border in the majority of lesions. However, no studies have been published that have quantified and compared the extent of remyelination in early and chronic MS lesions. Methods: We analyzed the occurrence of remyelination in 52 biopsies from 51 patients (early MS) and in 174 lesions from 36 autopsy cases (chronic MS) by immunohistochemistry for myelin proteins, and correlated our findings with anatomic localization, sex, age, and disease duration. Results: Significantly more lesions were remyelinated in early than in chronic MS (80.7% vs 60%). In chronic MS, subcortical lesions showed more extensive remyelination than periventricular lesions. The majority of cerebellar lesions were completely demyelinated. Conclusion: In summary, our data demonstrate that remyelination is a frequent event in early multiple sclerosis lesions. Furthermore, the anatomic localization of a lesion might influence the extent of remyelination. CNPase = 2,3-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphodiesterase; LFB = Luxol fast blue; MBP = myelin basic protein; MOG = myelin oligodendrocyte protein; MS = multiple sclerosis; OPC = oligodendrocyte progenitor cell;PAS = periodic acid-Schiff; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PLP = proteolipid protein.
Model Corpus Long Text 1 Task ‐ specific Expansion Model Learner Expanded Text Long Text 2

Collections that contain a large number of short texts are becoming increasingly common (eg., tweets, reviews, etc). Analytical tasks (such as classification, clustering, etc.) involving short texts could be challenging due to the lack of context and owing to their sparseness. An often encountered problem is low accuracy on the task. A standard technique used in the handling of short texts is expanding them before subjecting them to the task. However, existing works on short text expansion suffer from certain limitations: (i) they depend on domain knowledge to expand the text; (ii) they employ task-specific heuristics; and (iii) the expansion procedure is tightly coupled to the task. This makes it hard to adapt a procedure, designed for one task, into another. We present an expansion technique – TIDE (Task-specIfic short Document Expansion) – that can be applied on several Machine Learning, NLP and Information Retrieval tasks on short texts (such as short text classification, clustering, entity disambiguation, and the like) without using task specific heuristics and domain-specific knowledge for expansion. At the same time, our technique is capable of learning to expand short texts in a task-specific way. That is, the same technique that is applied to expand a short text in two different tasks is able to learn to produce different expansions depending upon what expansion benefits the task’s performance. To speed up the learning process, we also introduce a technique called block learning. Our experiments with classification and clustering tasks show that our framework improves upon several baselines according to the standard evaluation metrics which includes the accuracy and normalized mutual information (NMI).
Effects of a commercial dose of L-tryptophan on plasma tryptophan concentrations and behaviour in horses.

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY L-tryptophan is a common ingredient in equine calmative products, but its effectiveness has not been demonstrated in horses. HYPOTHESIS To determine whether a commercial dose of L-tryptophan increases plasma tryptophan and alters behaviour in horses fed a roughage or concentrate meal. METHODS L-tryptophan (6.3 g) or placebo (water) was administered per os in a cross-over design, to 12 Thoroughbred horses (503 +/- 12.1 kg bwt), just before a meal of lucerne hay or oats. Plasma tryptophan was measured by gas chromatography. Horse behaviour was observed in an empty enclosure, then in the presence of an unfamiliar person and a novel object. RESULTS Total plasma tryptophan increased 3-fold in both studies, peaking 1.5-2 h after dosing. After the peak, tryptophan remained high for several hours if the horses had been fed hay, but fell sharply if fed oats, consistent with the glycaemic responses to these meals. However, the ratio of tryptophan to 4 large neutral amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine and isoleucine) increased in the tryptophan-treated horses to a similar extent and for a similar duration, with both diets. The presence of a stranger or novel object increased heart rate (P<0.05), but caused no behavioural effects that were altered by tryptophan, regardless of the diet. CONCLUSIONS Plasma tryptophan increases when tryptophan is administered at a dose used in some commercial products, but this is not reflected by marked behavioural changes in the horse. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Further work is required to refine behavioural tests and identify an effective dose of L-tryptophan in the horse.
Sensitivity to commercial disinfectants, and the occurrence of plasmids within various Listeria monocytogenes genotypes isolated from poultry products and the poultry processing environment

The European Suspension Test was used to assess the relative resistance of 19 individual Listeria monocytogenes genotypes, isolated from the poultry processing environment, to three commercially used disinfectants employed in the plant at the time of their isolation. To establish the relative resistance between the strains, the concentration of each disinfectant was reduced until inter‐strain variation became apparent. For Darasan 214 and 7058, variation was detected at 0·1% and 0·5% v/v, respectively, while Daraclean 7361 had to be reduced to only 2·5% v/v. At these concentrations, the mean microbiocidal effect (ME) of each disinfectant ranged between 4·3 and 3·1 log10 reduction in cfu ml−1. Significant differences between the strains were obtained with respect to their resistance to the disinfectants employed (P < 0·01), but the overall log10 reduction for genotypes ‘A1’ and ‘A2’, which were found to persist in the poultry processing environment, were not found to be significantly different from the genotypes which had been isolated on a more sporadic basis (P > 0·05). The L. monocytogenes strains fell into four groups with respect to incidence and size of plasmids isolated. The first group contained strains which carried two plasmids (5 and 40 MDa) and the other three (groups 2, 3 and 4) comprised strains which carried a single plasmid (14, 47 and 52 MDa, respectively). There was no correlation between persistent and sporadic strains with respect to incidence and size of plasmids isolated. Moreover, the strains which carried no plasmids were found to be as resistant to the disinfectants as those which did carry plasmids, suggesting that the plasmids isolated did not confer resistance of L. monocytogenes planktonic cells to the disinfectants tested. Therefore, it is unlikely that the strains which had been found to persist in the poultry processing environment did so by means of plasmid‐mediated resistance to the commercial disinfectants used.
Response to the Letter to the Editor “Can Statins Alter Coronary Plaque Morphology Assessed by Intravascular Ultrasound?”

I appreciate the useful comments by Koza et al regarding our article. As mentioned in the article, our study patients received statin therapy as a primary prevention: 7 patients received pravastatin (10 mg/d), 10 patients simvastatin (5 mg/d), 5 patients fluvastatin (20 mg/d), and 9 patients atorvastatin (10 mg/d). We could not indicate the exact durations of statin treatment in all the patients. However, we can say that they all received statin treatment for 1 year before the onset of acute myocardial infarction (MI). As Dr Koza mentioned, culprit lesion of the infarct-related artery was only observed with intravascular ultrasound–virtual histology (IVUS-VH), in our study. The IVUS-VH evaluation was limited to the culprit lesions in the infarct-related artery due to emergency percutaneous coronary intervention for the acute phase of MI. I hope that this response will increase the interest in statin use before the onset of acute MI.
Una contribución al conocimiento de los sauces en México

Se presenta informacion que permite conocer diferentes aspectos de los sauces, arboles o arbustos que en forma natural tienen una amplia distribucion en el mundo. , encontrandose sus distintas especies en zonas boreales, en bosques caducifolios templados y frios, en bosques de coniferas, en bosques de pino y/o encino, en bosques mesofilos de montana, en distintos tipos de selvas, aunque con mayor frecuencia forman parte de la vegetacion riberena.
Disruptive coloration provides camouflage independent of background matching

Natural selection shapes the evolution of anti-predator defences, such as camouflage. It is currently contentious whether crypsis and disruptive coloration are alternative mechanisms of camouflage or whether they are interrelated anti-predator defences. Disruptively coloured prey is characterized by highly contrasting patterns to conceal the body shape, whereas cryptic prey minimizes the contrasts to background. Determining bird predation of artificial moths, we found that moths which were dissimilar from the background but sported disruptive patterns on the edge of their wings survived better in heterogeneous habitats than did moths with the same patterns inside of the wings and better than cryptic moths. Despite lower contrasts to background, crypsis did not provide fitness benefits over disruptive coloration on the body outline. We conclude that disruptive coloration on the edge camouflages its bearer independent of background matching. We suggest that this result is explainable because disruptive coloration is effective by exploiting predators' cognitive mechanisms of prey recognition and not their sensory mechanisms of signal detection. Relative to disruptive patterns on the body outline, disruptive markings on the body interior are less effective. Camouflage owing to disruptive coloration on the body interior is background-specific and is as effective as crypsis in heterogeneous habitats. Hence, we hypothesize that two proximate mechanisms explain the diversity of visual anti-predator defences. First, disruptive coloration on the body outline provides camouflage independent of the background. Second, background matching and disruptive coloration on the body interior provide camouflage, but their protection is background-specific.
Regulation of T-Cell Activation by Phosphodiesterase 4B2 Requires Its Dynamic Redistribution during Immunological Synapse Formation

ABSTRACT Stimulation of T cells through their antigen receptors (TCRs) causes a transient increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). However, sustained high levels of cAMP inhibit T-cell responses, suggesting that TCR signaling is coordinated with the activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The molecular basis of such a pathway is unknown. Here we show that TCR-dependent signaling activates PDE4B2 and that this enhances interleukin-2 production. Such an effect requires the regulatory N terminus of PDE4B2 and correlates with partitioning within lipid rafts, early targeting of this PDE to the immunological synapse, and subsequent accumulation in the antipodal pole of the T cell as activation proceeds.
Ensuring appropriate use of antiplatelet agents in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes—have cardiovascular physicians been given enough grace in getting it right?

Understanding the pathology of acute coronary syndromes has led to significant improvements in patient outcome. Platelet adhesion to the arterial wall, especially under high shear forces, such as are present in stenotic arteries, is facilitated through multiple high-affinity interactions between platelet membrane receptors and ligands within the exposed subendothelium, most notably collagen and von Willebrand factor. Platelet activation, initiated by the collagen exposed by plaque disruption and locally-generated soluble platelet agonists (primarily thrombin, ADP, and thromboxane A2), results in release of growth factors and adhesion molecules and most importantly the activation of the coagulation pathway. Activation of adjacent platelets occurs, with conformational changes in the platelet GP IIb IIIa receptor. Platelet aggregation, mediated primarily by interaction between the activated platelet GP IIb IIIa receptor and its ligands, fibrinogen and vWF, results in the formation of the platelet-rich thrombus. It is the formation of this platelet-rich clot and its extent at sites of coronary stenosis, plaque erosion, or a recent plaque rupture that determine the clinical consequences in acute coronary syndromes by altering vessel patency. Antiplatelet therapy has therefore become central to the management of non-ST elevation MI, although the complex nature of the clot and the presence of multiple constituents suggest potential additional benefit from direct antithrombins such as bivalirudin1 and low molecular weight heparin,2 but interestingly, and despite the presence of “red thrombus”, not from thrombolytic therapy. The impact of any treatment on outcome will also be influenced by other factors such as the amount of myocardial territory at risk, amount of myocardium already jeopardised, the balance between presenting ischaemia versus previous infarction, heterogeneity amongst the population in terms of risk factors (diabetes, age), as well as the confounder of having three antiplatelet agents with different, specific and potentially interactive efficacies being used against a background of …