Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vers une intégration des comportements communautaires dans les réseaux mobiles. (Towards social behaviors integration in mobile networks)

A l'aire du Multimedia Mobile, l'essor des reseaux sans fil est fulgurant et la mobilite est devenue un sujet primordial exacerbe par l'augmentation significative du nombre d'usagers mobiles. Un nœud evoluant dans un reseau mobile de base se comporte de la meme maniere qu'un aveugle evoluant dans notre univers en en elaborant sa propre representation a l'aide de son bâton, mecanisme denomme dans la litterature : mobilite terminale. Pour reduire cet aveuglement, plusieurs methodes ont ete elaborees qui prennent appui sur les services de localisation ou les modeles de mobilite. Un modele de mobilite est donc destine a decrire en termes d'environnement, le mode de circulation des nœuds mobiles avec pour defi de trouver des modeles fideles aux comportements des utilisateurs. Les modeles aleatoires sont biaises car les appareils mobiles sont portes par des etres sociaux. Cela nous a amene a inclure des elements sociaux dans notre modelisation.Nous presentons les modeles de mobilite existants et les classifions. Nous definissons nos modeles, les implementons et mesurons leur impact sur le test des reseaux. Enfin nous elargissons notre spectre en montrant comment le fait d'octroyer la perception de regroupement social a un protocole de routage reseau, peut en ameliorer les performances.
Trajectories of Disability among the Oldest Old

Objectives: This study analyzes trajectories of disability from onset until death in an 80+ population. Methods: The study population (N = 434) consists of all persons born before 1902 living in the town of Larvik, Norway, in January 1981 (N = 434). By registering illnesses and activities of daily living (ADL) limitations, each participant was followed until the last one died in 1999. Results: Main trajectories of disability were (a) serious dementia, (b) severely dependent, (c) frail, and (d) fairly healthy. Multivariate analyses show significant effects of gender and age but no effect of socioeconomic status (SES) and marital status on the probability of entering one of four main trajectories. Discussion: Although there are many exceptions, the trajectory of disability among the oldest old most often takes a serious course, particularly among women.
Detection of mutations by flow cytometric melting point analysis of PCR products

Exploring the possibilities offered by flow cytometric microbead analyses for the detection of genetic alterations, an assay based on the dependence of the melting point of double‐stranded DNA molecules on their length has been developed, making use of PCR products carrying biotin and fluorescent moiety on their two ends. The samples of different length PCR products immobilized on streptavidine coated microbeads are heat‐treated in the presence of formamide at temperatures between the melting point of the longer and that of the shorter PCR product, when the mean fluorescence intensity of the beads carrying the shorter molecules decreases as a result of denaturation, as opposed to the sample containing the longer product. The efficacy and sensitivity of the method is demonstrated in the case of the assessment of the degree of triplet expansion in Huntington's disease. Its utility for the detection of point mutations in heterozygous clinical samples is shown in the case of the BRCA1 gene. The assay is simple and may be offered for the purposes of clinical diagnostics of a number of genetic conditions. These include screening of samples for triplet expansions and SNPs predisposing for particular pathological or pharmacogenomic conditions. In general, the method described herein is offered for the diagnosis of any pathological condition where the length of a genomic or cDNA sequence is expected to be different from that of the normal allele. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Assigning Qualitative Descriptions to Test Scores in Neuropsychology: Forensic Implications

Board-certified neuropsychologists were surveyed and asked to assign a descriptive label (e.g., superior, average, normal, impaired) to 12 different standard scores (SS), from 50 to 130, of a memory test based on a brief case scenario. Surveys were returned by 49% (n = 110) of the target sample. The mean number of different classification labels assigned by participants to each of the 12 SS was 14 and ranged from 6 (for SS = 95) to 23 (for SS = 50). The mean percentages of participants who assigned the one or two most frequently used labels within each SS were 52.5% and 70.7%, respectively. Results revealed variable uniformity in assigning descriptive labels to specific standard scores, with significantly greater variability for SS in the lower half of the distribution and with applying impairment rather than normative labels. Professional and forensic implications are discussed.
Anti-human leukocyte antigens and anti-major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A antibody expression in kidney transplantation during a four-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND Humoral immunity is an important factor for long-term survival of renal allograft. Here we performed a four-year follow-up to explore the clinical significance of monitoring anti-human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and anti-major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA) antibody expression after kidney transplantation. METHODS We obtained serial serum samples from 84 kidney transplant patients over a four-year period. All patients were followed up at least 6 months after transplantation and had at least two follow-up points. Anti-HLA and anti-MICA antibody titres and serum creatinine (SCr) levels were evaluated at each follow-up. Patients were divided into 4 groups: HLA(+) MICA(-), HLA(-)MICA(+), HLA(+)MICA(+) and HLA(-)MICA(-). The impact of post-transplant antibody level on kidney allograft function was evaluated. RESULTS Antibodies were detected in 38.1% (32/84) of the renal allograft recipients. HLA, MICA and HLA+MICA expression was observed in 18.89%, 14.44% and 5.93% of the recipients respectively. The most frequent anti-HLA and anti-MICA specific antibodies identified were A11, A24, A29, A32, A33, A80; B7, B13, B37; DR17, DR12, DR18, DR52, DR53, DR1, DR4, DR9, DR51; DQ7, DQ4, DQ8, DQ2, DQ9, DQ5, DQ6 and MICA02, MICA18, MICA19, MICA07, MICA27. As the time after transplantation elapsed, more recipients developed de novo antibody expression. Total 11.91% (10/84) of the recipients had de novo antibody expression during the follow up. The average level of SCr and the percentage of recipients with abnormal allograft function were significantly higher in recipients with anti-HLA and/or anti-MICA antibody expression than those without. The appearance of anti-HLA and anti-MICA antibody expression always preceded the increase in SCr value. CONCLUSIONS Anti-HLA and anti-MICA antibody expression has predictive value for early and late allograft dysfunction. The presence of donor specific antibody is detrimental to graft function and graft survival.
Propofol inhibits phorbol 12, 13‐dibutyrate‐induced, protein kinase C‐mediated contraction of rat aortic smooth muscle

Background: Propofol induces dose‐dependent vasodilation and hypotension in the clinical situation, and protein kinase C (PKC)‐mediated Ca2+ sensitization plays an important role in vascular smooth muscle contraction. This study is designed to examine the effects of propofol on the active phorbol ester (phorbol 12, 13‐dibutyrate; PDBu)‐induced, PKC‐mediated contraction of rat aortic smooth muscle.
Umami Taste Responses Are Mediated by α-Transducin and α-Gustducin

The sense of taste comprises at least five distinct qualities: sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami, the taste of glutamate. For bitter, sweet, and umami compounds, taste signaling is initiated by binding of tastants to G-protein-coupled receptors in specialized epithelial cells located in the taste buds, leading to the activation of signal transduction cascades. α-Gustducin, a taste cell-expressed G-protein α subunit closely related to the α-transducins, is a key mediator of sweet and bitter tastes. α-Gustducin knock-out (KO) mice have greatly diminished, but not entirely abolished, responses to many bitter and sweet compounds. We set out to determine whether α-gustducin also mediates umami taste and whether rod α-transducin (αt-rod), which is also expressed in taste receptor cells, plays a role in any of the taste responses that remain in α-gustducin KO mice. Behavioral tests and taste nerve recordings of single and double KO mice lacking α-gustducin and/or αt-rod confirmed the involvement of α-gustducin in bitter (quinine and denatonium) and sweet (sucrose and SC45647) taste and demonstrated the involvement ofα-gustducin in umami [monosodium glutamate (MSG), monopotassium glutamate (MPG), and inosine monophosphate (IMP)] taste as well. We found that αt-rod played no role in taste responses to the salty, bitter, and sweet compounds tested or to IMP but was involved in the umami taste of MSG and MPG. Umami detection involving α-gustducin and αt-rod occurs in anteriorly placed taste buds, however taste cells at the back of the tongue respond to umami compounds independently of these two G-protein subunits.
A VIROLOGIC STUDY OF CHRONIC BRONCHITIS.

FORMAL recognition of chronic bronchitis as a distinct clinical entity has been relatively recent in this country. Simply defined, it is an inflammatory condition of the bronchi and bronchioles accompanied by hypersecretion and hypertrophy of bronchial mucous glands that results in chronic productive cough of varying severity.1 Of the several factors implicated in the etiology and course of chronic bronchitis considerable evidence has accumulated that infection has a dominant role.2 3 4 5 6 The severity, frequency and duration of infection correlates well with the progressive deterioration of the patient.7 In general, the patient with chronic bronchitis is unhampered in his usual activities .
Huge differences in cellular radiosensitivity due to only very small variations in double-strand break repair capacity

The DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair capacity of normal human fibroblasts was compared with that of cell lines with different genetic alterations. These cell lines are affected either in non-homologous end-joining (180BR), homology directed repair (C2352, C2395), base excision repair (CS1TAN, 46BR) or signalling (AT3, AT2BE, LFS2675, LFS2800, 95P558). Cellular radiosensitivity was determined by colony formation assay, DSB by constant-field gel electrophoresis and apoptosis was detected by caspase3 activity. For the mutated cell lines, the survival fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) varied between 0.013 and 0.49 in contrast to a variation of only 0.15 – 0.53 for normal fibroblasts. There was no variation in the number of initial DSB and only a small variation in the number of DSB remaining 24 h after irradiation. At 100 Gy, the latter number varied between 2 and 5 Gy-equivalents for normal fibroblasts and only between 3 and 7 Gy-equivalents for the mutated cell lines, corresponding to repair capacities of 95 – 98 and 93 – 97%, respectively. There were, however, two outliers (LFS2800, 180BR) where the number of remaining DSB was much higher with 22 and 30 Gy-equivalents, respectively. This elevated number resulted from a delayed repair and apoptotic cells. For all but these two cell lines, the relationship between the number of DSB remaining 24 h after irradiation and SF2 could be described by an identical correlation (r2 = 0.86, p < 0.0001). This result indicates that the relationship between DSB repair capacity and cellular radiosensitivity appears to be the same for normal and mutated cell lines, and that in both cases huge differences in cellular radiosensitivity result from only a very small variation in DSB repair capacity.
Impacts of random telegraph noise (RTN) on the Energy-Delay tradeoffs of logic circuits

In this paper, the impacts of random telegraph noise (RTN) on delay and energy of digital logic circuits are studied. The conventional method of extracting logic gate delay is found inaccurate due to the bias dependency of RTN amplitude. Thus an appropriate measuring strategy is proposed, based on which the impact of single RTN on circuit delay is investigated, and non-monotonous trend against trap energy level Et is found. Furthermore, the impacts of multi RTN on Energy-Delay(ED) curves are discussed. It is found that RTN is unneglectable when performing an ED optimization. Otherwise, under-design phenomenon would occur considering delay constraint, and over-design would occur considering energy constraint. This result provide helpful guidelines for circuit design.
Molecular Profiling of the Clostridium leptum Subgroup in Human Fecal Microflora by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Clone Library Analysis

ABSTRACT A group-specific PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was developed and combined with group-specific clone library analysis to investigate the diversity of the Clostridium leptum subgroup in human feces. PCR products (length, 239 bp) were amplified using C. leptum cluster-specific primers and were well separated by DGGE. The DGGE patterns of fecal amplicons from 11 human individuals revealed host-specific profiles; the patterns for fecal samples collected from a child for 3 years demonstrated the structural succession of the population in the first 2 years and its stability in the third year. A clone library was constructed with 100 clones consisting of 1,143-bp inserts of 16S rRNA gene fragments that were amplified from one adult fecal DNA with one forward universal bacterial primer and one reverse group-specific primer. Eighty-six of the clones produced the 239-bp C. leptum cluster-specific amplicons, and the remaining 14 clones did not produce these amplicons but still phylogenetically belong to the subgroup. Sixty-four percent of the clones were related to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (similarity, 97 to 99%), 6% were related to Subdoligranulum variabile (similarity, ∼99%), 2% were related to butyrate-producing bacterium A2-207 (similarity, 99%), and 28% were not identified at the species level. The identities of most bands in the DGGE profiles for the same adult were determined by comigration analysis with the 86 clones that harbored the 239-bp group-specific fragments. Our results suggest that DGGE combined with clone library analysis is an effective technique for monitoring and analyzing the composition of this important population in the human gut flora.
Correlation of the National Board of Medical Examiners Emergency Medicine Advanced Clinical Examination Given in July to Intern American Board of Emergency Medicine in-training Examination Scores: A Predictor of Performance?

Introduction There is great variation in the knowledge base of Emergency Medicine (EM) interns in July. The first objective knowledge assessment during residency does not occur until eight months later, in February, when the American Board of EM (ABEM) administers the in-training examination (ITE). In 2013, the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) released the EM Advanced Clinical Examination (EM-ACE), an assessment intended for fourth-year medical students. Administration of the EM-ACE to interns at the start of residency may provide an earlier opportunity to assess the new EM residents’ knowledge base. The primary objective of this study was to determine the correlation of the NBME EM-ACE, given early in residency, with the EM ITE. Secondary objectives included determination of the correlation of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 or 2 scores with early intern EM-ACE and ITE scores and the effect, if any, of clinical EM experience on examination correlation. Methods This was a multi-institutional, observational study. Entering EM interns at six residencies took the EM-ACE in July 2013 and the ABEM ITE in February 2014. We collected scores for the EM-ACE and ITE, age, gender, weeks of clinical EM experience in residency prior to the ITE, and USMLE Step 1 and 2 scores. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression were performed. Results Sixty-two interns took the EM-ACE and the ITE. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the ITE and the EM-ACE was 0.62. R-squared was 0.5 (adjusted 0.4). The coefficient of determination was 0.41 (95% CI [0.3–0.8]). For every increase of one in the scaled EM-ACE score, we observed a 0.4% increase in the EM in-training score. In a linear regression model using all available variables (EM-ACE, gender, age, clinical exposure to EM, and USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 scores), only the EM-ACE score was significantly associated with the ITE (p<0.05). We observed significant colinearity among the EM-ACE, ITE and USMLE scores. Gender, age and number of weeks of EM prior to the ITE had no effect on the relationship between EM-ACE and the ITE. Conclusion Given early during intern year, the EM-ACE score showed positive correlation with ITE. Clinical EM experience prior to the in-training exam did not affect the correlation.
Classification-Based Singing Melody Extraction Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Singing melody extraction is the task that identifies the melody pitch contour of singing 1 voice from polyphonic music. Most of the traditional melody extraction algorithms are based on 2 calculating salient pitch candidates or separating the melody source from the mixture. Recently, 3 classification-based approach based on deep learning has drawn much attentions. In this paper, 4 we present a classification-based singing melody extraction model using deep convolutional neural 5 networks. The proposed model consists of a singing pitch extractor (SPE) and a singing voice activity 6 detector (SVAD). The SPE is trained to predict a high-resolution pitch label of singing voice from 7 a short segment of spectrogram. This allows the model to predict highly continuous curves. The 8 melody contour is smoothed further by post-processing the output of the melody extractor. The 9 SVAD is trained to determine if a long segment of mel-spectrogram contains a singing voice. This 10 often produces voice false alarm errors around the boundary of singing segments. We reduced them 11 by exploiting the output of the SPE. Finally, we evaluate the proposed melody extraction model on 12 several public datasets. The results show that the proposed model is comparable to state-of-the-art 13 algorithms. 14
Ca2+ efflux from platelets. Control by protein kinase C and the filling state of the intracellular Ca2+ stores.

Large amounts of Ca2+ (almost 20 nmol/10(8) cells) are released from platelets by exocytosis. This secretory-granule-associated Ca2+ does not contribute to the cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), which is controlled by the much smaller agonist-sensitive Ca2+ pool, unless high (1 microM), but not low (0.04 microM) concentrations of ionomycin are present. Low concentrations of ionomycin release Ca2+ almost exclusively from the agonist-sensitive stores. In aspirinated platelets incubated in the presence of 0.5 mM EGTA the extensive depletion of the agonist-sensitive stores is obtained by the combined action of low ionomycin and the endomembrane Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin (which individually promote only a partial depletion). The subsequent decay of [Ca2+]i is increased by phorbol-myristate acetate, confirming that Ca2+ efflux from platelets is potentiated by the activation of protein kinase C [Pollock, W. K. , Sage, S. O. & Rink, T. J. (1987) FEBS Lett. 210, 132-140]. A novel type of control of Ca2+ efflux appears to be exerted by the filling state of the stores. Treatment with low ionomycin or thapsigargin determines the release of a fraction of the stores-associated Ca2+; the subsequent decay of [Ca2+]i is slow. The decay rate of [Ca2+]i accelerates after extensive depletion of the stores following the addition of thapsigargin or ionomycin. If the depletion of the stores is induced by thrombin, added alone or in combination with thapsigargin, the increases of [Ca2+]i are the same and the subsequent decay rates are largely superimposable; however a large fraction of [Ca2+]i is reaccumulated into the stores in the absence, but not in the presence of thapsigargin, indicating that Ca2+ efflux is activated when the stores are empty. Ca2+ efflux can proceed against a concentration gradient. In 45Ca-loaded platelets, the thrombin-promoted 45Ca efflux is potentiated by thapsigargin. The protein-kinase-C-dependent and store-depletion-dependent stimulations of 45Ca efflux are additive. These observations indicate that, in addition to being activated by protein kinase C, Ca2+ efflux from platelets is activated by the depletion of the stores. The two activations appear to be additive.
Sex Differences in Opioid Analgesia: “From Mouse to Man”

BackgroundNumerous experimental studies, conducted primarily over the past 10 years, show that there are sex differences in opioid analgesia. This review summarizes the published literature on sex differences in analgesia produced by acute administration of drugs acting at &mgr;-, &kgr;-, and &dgr;-opioid receptors, in animals and humans. Additionally, methodological issues in research into opioid sex differences are discussed. ConclusionsProcedural variables that may influence the outcome of studies examining sex differences in opioid analgesia include modality and intensity of the noxious stimulus used in the pain test, opioid type (efficacy and selectivity), and experimental design and data analytic techniques. Subject variables that may be important to consider include subject genotype and gonadal steroid hormone state of the subject at the time of analgesia testing. Evidence is provided for multiple mechanisms underlying sex differences in opioid analgesia, including both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors. Future research directions are suggested, such as examining sex differences in opioid tolerance development, sex differences in opioid analgesia using models of acute inflammatory pain and chronic pain, and sex differences in effects of opioids other than analgesia, which may limit their therapeutic use.