Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mergeable summaries

We study the mergeability of data summaries. Informally speaking, mergeability requires that, given two summaries on two datasets, there is a way to merge the two summaries into a single summary on the two datasets combined together, while preserving the error and size guarantees. This property means that the summaries can be merged in a way akin to other algebraic operators such as sum and max, which is especially useful for computing summaries on massive distributed data. Several data summaries are trivially mergeable by construction, most notably all the sketches that are linear functions of the datasets. But some other fundamental ones, like those for heavy hitters and quantiles, are not (known to be) mergeable. In this article, we demonstrate that these summaries are indeed mergeable or can be made mergeable after appropriate modifications. Specifically, we show that for ϵ-approximate heavy hitters, there is a deterministic mergeable summary of size O(1/ϵ); for ϵ-approximate quantiles, there is a deterministic summary of size O((1/ϵ) log(ϵ n)) that has a restricted form of mergeability, and a randomized one of size O((1/ϵ) log3/2(1/ϵ)) with full mergeability. We also extend our results to geometric summaries such as ϵ-approximations which permit approximate multidimensional range counting queries. While most of the results in this article are theoretical in nature, some of the algorithms are actually very simple and even perform better than the previously best known algorithms, which we demonstrate through experiments in a simulated sensor network. We also achieve two results of independent interest: (1) we provide the best known randomized streaming bound for ϵ-approximate quantiles that depends only on ϵ, of size O((1/ϵ) log3/2(1/ϵ)), and (2) we demonstrate that the MG and the SpaceSaving summaries for heavy hitters are isomorphic.
A natural product telomerase activator as part of a health maintenance program.

Most human cells lack sufficient telomerase to maintain telomeres, hence these genetic elements shorten with time and stress, contributing to aging and disease. In January, 2007, a commercial health maintenance program, PattonProtocol-1, was launched that included a natural product-derived telomerase activator (TA-65®, 10-50 mg daily), a comprehensive dietary supplement pack, and physician counseling/laboratory tests at baseline and every 3-6 months thereafter. We report here analysis of the first year of data focusing on the immune system. Low nanomolar levels of TA-65® moderately activated telomerase in human keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells in culture; similar plasma levels of TA-65® were achieved in pilot human pharmacokinetic studies with single 10- to 50-mg doses. The most striking in vivo effects were declines in the percent senescent cytotoxic (CD8(+)/CD28(-)) T cells (1.5, 4.4, 8.6, and 7.5% at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively; p = not significant [N.S.], 0.018, 0.0024, 0.0062) and natural killer cells at 6 and 12 months (p = 0.028 and 0.00013, respectively). Most of these decreases were seen in cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive subjects. In a subset of subjects, the distribution of telomere lengths in leukocytes at baseline and 12 months was measured. Although mean telomere length did not increase, there was a significant reduction in the percent short (<4 kbp) telomeres (p = 0.037). No adverse events were attributed to PattonProtocol-1. We conclude that the protocol lengthens critically short telomeres and remodels the relative proportions of circulating leukocytes of CMV(+) subjects toward the more "youthful" profile of CMV(-) subjects. Controlled randomized trials are planned to assess TA-65®-specific effects in humans.
Arterial Blood Pressure and Renal Sodium Excretion in Dopamine D3 Receptor Knockout Mice

Alterations in the dopaminergic system may contribute to the development of hypertension. Recently, it has been reported that pentobarbital-anesthetized mice with deficient dopamine D3 receptors showed renin-dependent elevation in blood pressure. In a series of experiments, we evaluated the contribution of the dopamine D3 receptor to the renal sodium excretion and arterial blood pressure behavior in conscious as well as anesthetized dopamine D3 receptor knockout (−/−) mice. The blood pressure measuring study was designed as a cross-over trial to investigate the influence of different sodium loads. The animals were fed a normal salt diet (0.6% NaCl, NS) for 1 week and afterwards a low (0.2% NaCl, LS) or a high salt diet (4.6% NaCl, HS) for 2 weeks. After the third week, the animals were switched to the corresponding protocol. Systolic blood pressure in conscious (−/−) mice measured by tail-cuff plethysmography was not different from that of wild-type (+/+) animals, irrespective of the time course or the salt diet. In another experiment, challenge of an acute sodium loading per gavage in conscious D3 receptor (−/−) and (+/+) animals on HS or NS diet did not show significant differences in renal sodium excretion between the two genotypes. Additionally, animals were fed an NS diet for 1 week and an HS diet for another week. As expected, sodium excretion significantly increased after the change from the NS to the HS diet. A slightly lower urinary sodium excretion was observed when comparing D3 receptor (−/−) mice to their corresponding (+/+) mice, both on an HS diet. Clearance experiments with anesthetized D3 receptor (−/−) and (+/+) mice were performed to investigate the renal sodium excretion capacity, when exposed to a moderate volume expansion (VE). Urinary sodium excretion increased in response to the VE; however, no difference were observed between the two genotypes. Taking these results together, we conclude that in the present animal model renal dopamine D3 receptors are not significantly involved in the regulation of blood pressure associated with a deficiency in renal sodium elimination.
Tolerance to the Diuretic Effects of Cannabinoids and Cross-Tolerance to a κ-Opioid Agonist in THC-Treated Mice

Daily treatment with cannabinoids results in tolerance to many, but not all, of their behavioral and physiologic effects. The present studies investigated the effects of 7-day exposure to 10 mg/kg daily of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on the diuretic and antinociceptive effects of THC and the synthetic cannabinoid AM4054. Comparison studies determined diuretic responses to the κ-opioid agonist U50,488 and furosemide. After determination of control dose-response functions, mice received 10 mg/kg daily of THC for 7 days, and dose-response functions were re-determined 24 hours, 7 days, or 14 days later. THC and AM4054 had biphasic diuretic effects under control conditions with maximum effects of 30 and 35 ml/kg of urine, respectively. In contrast, antinociceptive effects of both drugs increased monotonically with dose to >90% of maximal possible effect. Treatment with THC produced 9- and 7-fold rightward shifts of the diuresis and antinociception dose-response curves for THC and, respectively, 7- and 3-fold rightward shifts in the AM4054 dose-response functions. U50,488 and furosemide increased urine output to >35 ml/kg under control conditions. The effects of U50,488 were attenuated after 7-day treatment with THC, whereas the effects of furosemide were unaltered. Diuretic effects of THC and AM4054 recovered to near-baseline levels within 14 days after stopping daily THC injections, whereas tolerance to the antinociceptive effects persisted longer than 14 days. The tolerance induced by 7-day treatment with THC was accompanied by a 55% decrease in the Bmax value for cannabinoid receptors (CB1). These data indicate that repeated exposure to THC produces similar rightward shifts in the ascending and descending limbs of cannabinoid diuresis dose-effect curves and to antinociceptive effects while resulting in a flattening of the U50,488 diuresis dose-effect function.
Correction: Reproductive Mode and the Evolution of Genome Size and Structure in Caenorhabditis Nematodes

One of the URLs in the Data Availability statement is incorrect. http://dx.doi. org/10.6084/m9.figshare. 1396475 is incorrect. The correct URL is http://dx.doi. org/10.6084/m9.figshare. 1449264. Additionally one of the species names is spelled incorrectly in the Materials and Methods section under the heading “Characterizing genome content”. It states C. brannier, whereas it should say C. brenneri. The corrected text is below. In order to compare genome content between nematode species we used our MAKER2 gene annotation pipeline to identify protein-coding genes in the Wormbase release WS244 genome sequences of C. briggsae, C. sinica, C. tropicalis, C. brenneri, C. elegans, C. japonica, C. angaria, and P. pacificus (S2 Table). We found that each custom characterization was within 3–5% of the currently annotated content, with the exception of C. brenneri for which we predicted a larger gene content. This is consistent with previous findings that >30% of C. elegans orthologous genes are found in two copies in the C. brenneri assembly [19]. We present the currently annotated content in Fig 1.
Embedding remote object mobility in Java RMI

Mobile code offers several capabilities such as bandwidth-efficient communication, disconnected operation, and support for dynamic and flexible systems. Nevertheless, mobile code based programming paradigms have difficulty in flowing from research activities to commercial systems. The main reason seems to be the lack of integration between the language support for mobility and a familiar programming environment. The paper addresses this issue and describes the basic functionalities of Mobile RMI, a toolkit that extends Java RMI with mechanisms for creating and moving remote objects across different address spaces. A key feature of Mobile RMI is the automatic updating of remote references to mobile objects, necessary to support remote method invocation even in the presence of object mobility. The extensions to Java RMI only affect the semantics of the remote reference layer, while leaving both the transport layer and the bytecode generation process unchanged.
Desarrollo de Surrogates para la representación dinámica de la información digital

El volumen de informacion a la que un usuario tiene acceso en Internet esenorme. La representacion de la misma ha ido evolucionando a lo largo del tiempo a lavez que se han establecido reglas, recomendaciones y directrices que conforman toda una ingenieria de diseno de interfaces con el proposito de mejorar la representacion e interaccion entre el usuario y el ordenador. Aun asi, hay que ir evolucionando en la manera de tratar esta representacion de la informacion ya que Internet es un espacio donde afloran, dia tras dia, nuevas tecnologias y servicios.De hecho, en este proyecto trataremos de mejorar la representacion de lainformacion mediante unos objetos que llamaremos surrogates o sustitutos. Como sunombre indica, estos sustitutos seran la representacion de los elementos a reemplazar y cuya funcion podriamos calificar como de “puerta de enlace”. Dichos objetos estaranformados por elementos propios de la informacion a la que representan con el objetivo de que el usuario identifique de una manera mas rapida y sencilla esta informacion.En definitiva, desarrollaremos unos surrogates que puedan ser usados endiferentes interfaces independientemente de la tecnologia que se haya empleado para sudesarrollo y dotandolos de una serie de caracteristicas y metodos con el fin de mejorar la interaccion entre el usuario y la informacion.
Boston , MassachusettsUSA * April 24-28 , 1994 ! ! % ? ! HumanFactorsinComptriingSystems , Direct and Intuitive Input Device for 3-D Shape Deformation

Standard input devices such as a mouse and a keyboard in present computer-aided design systems do not provide users with direct and intuitive facilities for highly 3-D shape manipulation. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a new interface system for 3-D shape manipulation by adopting a real elastic object as an input device. By deforming the device with bare hands with a tactile feedback, users can manipulate a 3-D shape modeled and displayed on a computer screen quite directly and intuitively. A prototype with a cubical input device made of electrically conductive polyurethane foam is also presented.
Logic Programming to Address Issues of the Semantic Web

The size of the Web and its increase rate made it cumber-some to locate high precision results to a requested piece of information. The Semantic Web provides a framework and a set of technologies enabling an effective machine processable information, aiming at a better computer-computer and human-computer communication. What if, though, we use a both machine processable and human understandable approach which can also apply in existent HTML Web sources? In this work, we investigate the problems being solved with the Semantic Web technologies and how this can be coped with Logic Programming techniques, especially Modular Logic Programming. We discuss issues from the data level, metadata and reasoning. Last but not least, we discuss agents. What is more is that, we claim that these techniques can be applied in the current Web information sources providing formal semantics for some aspects of the traditional Web.
Non-Invasive Delivery of dsRNA into De-Waxed Tick Eggs by Electroporation

RNA interference-mediated gene silencing was shown to be an efficient tool for validation of targets that may become anti-tick vaccine components. Here, we demonstrate the application of this approach in the validation of components of molecular signaling cascades, such as the Protein Kinase B (AKT) / Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK) axis during tick embryogenesis. It was shown that heptane and hypochlorite treatment of tick eggs can remove wax, affecting corium integrity and but not embryo development. Evidence of AKT and GSK dsRNA delivery into de-waxed eggs of via electroporation is provided. Primers designed to amplify part of the dsRNA delivered into the electroporated eggs dsRNA confirmed its entry in eggs. In addition, it was shown that electroporation is able to deliver the fluorescent stain, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). To confirm gene silencing, a second set of primers was designed outside the dsRNA sequence of target gene. In this assay, the suppression of AKT and GSK transcripts (approximately 50% reduction in both genes) was demonstrated in 7-day-old eggs. Interestingly, silencing of GSK in 7-day-old eggs caused 25% reduction in hatching. Additionally, the effect of silencing AKT and GSK on embryo energy metabolism was evaluated. As expected, knockdown of AKT, which down regulates GSK, the suppressor of glycogen synthesis, decreased glycogen content in electroporated eggs. These data demonstrate that electroporation of de-waxed R. microplus eggs could be used for gene silencing in tick embryos, and improve the knowledge about arthropod embryogenesis.
A survey on UML-based aspect-oriented design modeling

Aspect-orientation provides a new way of modularization by clearly separating crosscutting concerns from noncrosscutting ones. While aspect-orientation originally has emerged at the programming level, it now stretches also over other development phases. There are, for example, already several proposals for Aspect-Oriented Modeling (AOM), most of them pursuing distinguished goals, providing different concepts as well as notations, and showing various levels of maturity. Consequently, there is an urgent need to provide an in-depth survey, clearly identifying commonalities and differences between current AOM approaches. Existing surveys in this area focus more on comprehensibility with respect to development phases or evaluated approaches rather than on comparability on bases of a detailed evaluation framework. This article tries to fill this gap focusing on aspect-oriented design modeling. As a prerequisite for an in-depth evaluation, a conceptual reference model is presented as the article's first contribution, centrally capturing the basic design concepts of AOM and their interrelationships in terms of a UML class diagram. Based on this conceptual reference model, an evaluation framework has been designed, resembling the second contribution, by deriving a detailed and well-defined catalogue of evaluation criteria, thereby operationalizing the conceptual reference model. This criteria catalogue is employed together with a running example in order to evaluate a carefully selected set of eight design-level AOM approaches representing the third contribution of the article. This per approach evaluation is complemented with an extensive report on lessons learned, summarizing the approaches' strengths and shortcomings.
Digital Simulation of Magnetizing Inrush Currents in Three-Phase Transformers

An accurate simulation of magnetizing inrush currents is an important prerequisite for digital protection of power transformers. Generalized analytical expressions have been developed to simulate three-phase inrush currents based on sequence impedance and mutual coupling methods. The digitally simulated waveforms are compared with those obtained experimentally in a laboratory model transformer. There exists a reasonably close agreement between the computed and measured values.
fRMSDPred: Predicting local RMSD between structural fragments using sequence information

The effectiveness of comparative modeling approaches for protein structure prediction can be substantially improved by incorporating predicted structural information in the initial sequence‐structure alignment. Motivated by the approaches used to align protein structures, this article focuses on developing machine learning approaches for estimating the RMSD value of a pair of protein fragments. These estimated fragment‐level RMSD values can be used to construct the alignment, assess the quality of an alignment, and identify high‐quality alignment segments. We present algorithms to solve this fragment‐level RMSD prediction problem using a supervised learning framework based on support vector regression and classification that incorporates protein profiles, predicted secondary structure, effective information encoding schemes, and novel second‐order pairwise exponential kernel functions. Our comprehensive empirical study shows superior results compared with the profile‐to‐profile scoring schemes. We also show that for protein pairs with low sequence similarity (less than 12% sequence identity) these new local structural features alone or in conjunction with profile‐based information lead to alignments that are considerably accurate than those obtained by schemes that use only profile and/or predicted secondary structure information. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Inhibitory Sex Pheromone Tastes Bitter for Drosophila Males

Sexual behavior requires animals to distinguish between the sexes and to respond appropriately to each of them. In Drosophila melanogaster, as in many insects, cuticular hydrocarbons are thought to be involved in sex recognition and in mating behavior, but there is no direct neuronal evidence of their pheromonal effect. Using behavioral and electrophysiological measures of responses to natural and synthetic compounds, we show that Z-7-tricosene, a Drosophila male cuticular hydrocarbon, acts as a sex pheromone and inhibits male-male courtship. These data provide the first direct demonstration that an insect cuticular hydrocarbon is detected as a sex pheromone. Intriguingly, we show that a particular type of gustatory neurons of the labial palps respond both to Z-7-tricosene and to bitter stimuli. Cross-adaptation between Z-7-tricosene and bitter stimuli further indicates that these two very different substances are processed by the same neural pathways. Furthermore, the two substances induced similar behavioral responses both in courtship and feeding tests. We conclude that the inhibitory pheromone tastes bitter to the fly.
Design method of brachiation controller based on virtual holonomic constraint

This paper describes a control for the brachiation robot with holonomic constraint. In our previous work, the brachiation controller is composed of two actions: swing-back and locomotion. The purpose of swing-back is to excite a robot so as to achieve the locomotion successfully, while locomotion action is to move forward by releasing the ladder with the backward arm in the direction of locomotion and gripping the target ladder with another arm. However, the conventional control can not apply brachiation in irregular ladder. And the convetional control was not consider energy efficiency. Thus, a novel method to achieve brachiation in irregular ladder and an energy-efficient brachiation by exacting a swing-back during locomotion is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the locomotion action as much as over 30% in energy consumption.
microRNA-122 Dependent Binding of Ago2 Protein to Hepatitis C Virus RNA Is Associated with Enhanced RNA Stability and Translation Stimulation

Translation of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA is directed by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR). HCV translation is stimulated by the liver-specific microRNA-122 (miR-122) that binds to two binding sites between the stem-loops I and II near the 5′-end of the 5′-UTR. Here, we show that Argonaute (Ago) 2 protein binds to the HCV 5′-UTR in a miR-122-dependent manner, whereas the HCV 3′-UTR does not bind Ago2. miR-122 also recruits Ago1 to the HCV 5’-UTR. Only miRNA duplex precursors of the correct length stimulate HCV translation, indicating that the duplex miR-122 precursors are unwound by a complex that measures their length. Insertions in the 5′-UTR between the miR-122 binding sites and the IRES only slightly decrease translation stimulation by miR-122. In contrast, partially masking the miR-122 binding sites in a stem-loop structure impairs Ago2 binding and translation stimulation by miR-122. In an RNA decay assay, also miR-122-mediated RNA stability contributes to HCV translation stimulation. These results suggest that Ago2 protein is directly involved in loading miR-122 to the HCV RNA and mediating RNA stability and translation stimulation.
Generalized Gray codes for local rank modulation

We consider the local rank-modulation scheme in which a sliding window going over a sequence of real-valued variables induces a sequence of permutations. Local rank-modulation is a generalization of the rank-modulation scheme, which has been recently suggested as a way of storing information in flash memory. We study Gray codes for the local rank-modulation scheme in order to simulate conventional multi-level flash cells while retaining the benefits of rank modulation. Unlike the limited scope of previous works, we consider code constructions for the entire range of parameters including the code length, sliding window size, and overlap between adjacent windows. We show our constructed codes have asymptotically-optimal rate. We also provide efficient encoding, decoding, and next-state algorithms.
Optimal Scheduling for Fair Resource Allocation in Ad Hoc Networks with Elastic and Inelastic Traffic

This paper studies the problem of congestion control and scheduling in ad hoc wireless networks that have to support a mixture of best-effort and real-time traffic. Optimization and stochastic network theory have been successful in designing architectures for fair resource allocation to meet long-term throughput demands. However, to the best of our knowledge, strict packet delay deadlines were not considered in this framework previously. In this paper, we propose a model for incorporating the quality of service (QoS) requirements of packets with deadlines in the optimization framework. The solution to the problem results in a joint congestion control and scheduling algorithm which fairly allocates resources to meet the fairness objectives of both elastic and inelastic flows, and per-packet delay requirements of inelastic flows.