Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of diffracted wave analysis to time‐lapse seismic data for CO2 leakage detection

Time‐lapse seismic analysis is utilized in CO2 geosequestration to verify the CO2 containment within a reservoir. A major risk associated with geosequestration is a possible leakage of CO2 from the storage formation into overlaying formations. To mitigate this risk, the deployment of carbon capture and storage projects requires fast and reliable detection of relatively small volumes of CO2 outside the storage formation. To do this, it is necessary to predict typical seepage scenarios and improve subsurface seepage detection methods. In this work we present a technique for CO2 monitoring based on the detection of diffracted waves in time‐lapse seismic data. In the case of CO2 seepage, the migrating plume might form small secondary accumulations that would produce diffracted, rather than reflected waves. From time‐lapse data analysis, we are able to separate the diffracted waves from the predominant reflections in order to image the small CO2 plumes. To explore possibilities to detect relatively small amounts of CO2, we performed synthetic time‐lapse seismic modelling based on the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC) Otway project data. The detection method is based on defining the CO2 location by measuring the coherency of the signal along diffraction offset‐traveltime curves. The technique is applied to a time‐lapse stacked section using a stacking velocity to construct offset‐traveltime curves. Given the amount of noise found in the surface seismic data, the predicted minimum detectable amount of CO2 is 1000–2000 tonnes. This method was also applied to real data obtained from a time‐lapse seismic physical model. The use of diffractions rather than reflections for monitoring small amounts of CO2 can enhance the capability of subsurface monitoring in CO2 geosequestration projects.
Political Selection in China: The Complementary Roles of Connections and Performance

Who becomes a top politician in China? We focus on provincial leaders—a pool of candidates for top political office—and examine how their chances of promotion depend on their performance in office and connections with top politicians. Our empirical analysis, based on the curriculum vitae of Chinese politicians, shows that connections and performance are complements in the Chinese political selection process. This complementarity is stronger the younger provincial leaders are relative to their connected top leaders. To provide one plausible interpretation of these empirical findings, we propose a simple theory in which the complementarity arises because connections foster loyalty of junior officials to senior ones, thereby allowing incumbent top politicians to select competent provincial leaders without risking being ousted. Our findings shed some light on why a political system known for patronage can still select competent leaders.
Investigating the voice of two Swedish mathematics teacher guides

This poster presents a study on the voice of two Swedish mathematics teacher guides. We have made a content analysis of teacher guides to the two most commonly used mathematics textbooks in Swedish lower secondary school Grades 7 to 9. Our theoretical stance is that curriculum resources can support teachers pedagogical design capacity. Our analysis shows that the voice of both guides speaks through the teacher with narratives and scripted instructions, instead of making visible the strengths and weaknesses with different teaching design considerations. The results could be used to further elaborate on how the teacher guides can be designed to support the pedagogical design capacity for a range of different teachers.
Similarity solutions of a Becker–Döring system with time-dependent monomer input

We formulate the Becker-Doring equations for cluster growth in the presence of a time-dependent source of monomer input. In the case of size-independent aggregation and ragmentation rate coefficients we find similarity solutions which are approached in the large time limit. The form of the solutions depends on the rate of monomer input and whether fragmentation is present in the model; four distinct types of solution are found.
Left Adjoint of Pullback Cat1- profinite groups

In this paper, we present a brief review crossed modules \cite{whitehead}, cat1-groups \cite{loday}, profinite crossed modules \cite{kortim}, cat1-profinite groups \cite{kortim}, pullback profinite crossed modules \cite{kortim} and also the pullback cat1- profinite groups \cite{hind}. We prove that the pulback cat1-profinite group has a left adjoint which is the induced cat1-group.
Optical Non-Contact Railway Track Measurement with Static Terrestrial Laser Scanning to Better than 1.5mm RMS

The railway industry requires track to be monitored for a variety of reasons, particularly when any type of physical works take place within the vicinity of the asset (e.g. demolition, construction and redevelopment works). Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has considerable potential as a survey method for rail measurement due to its non-contact nature and independence from physical targeting at track level. The consensus from recently published work using static terrestrial laser scanning is that rail measurements to the order of 3mm RMS are routinely possible. Such measures are appropriate for extracting the gauge, cant and twist parameters required by the rail industry, however engineering specifications designed to ensure safe and comfortable running of the trains ideally require measurements of better quality. This paper utilises standard design rail profiles from the UK industry to optimise the way in which TLS point cloud data are fitted to the rail geometry. The work is based on the use of off the shelf phase-based TLS systems each capable of delivering single point measurements of the order of 5mm to cooperative surfaces. The paper describes a workflow which focuses the fitting process onto discrete planar rail elements derived from the design rail geometry. The planar fitting process is improved through understanding how data from these scanners respond to rail surfaces. Of particular importance is the removal of noisy data from the shiny running surfaces. Results from a sequence of multi-station TLS surveys of the same set of double tracks taken from platform level highlight the capability to obtain fits to the rail model of better than 1.5mm RMS. Whilst fitting can be carried out on a single side of a rail, the paper highlights the challenge of obtaining an accurate TLS registration necessary to extract both sides of each rail to the same level of accuracy. This configuration is proven over inter-TLS instrument separations of the order of 30m and demonstrates the TLS network coverage necessary to achieve such results even in the presence of an occluding electric third rail.
Startup Impurity Diagnostics In Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator Foreseen In The First Operational Phase

An essential element for stationary stellarator o peration is the understanding of the impurity transport behavior. Neoclassical theory pr edicts an impurity transport towards the plasma core for the standard ion root regime in ste llarators [1,2]. The performance of a quasistationary device like Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X, presently in the commissioning phase in Greifswald, Germany) could be limited in case of strong impurity accumulation. Therefore, a set of plasma diagnostics is foreseen to obtain key experimental quantities for the neoclassical transport modeling as ion temperature profile, dens ity gradients and impurity concentration [3]. The core impurity content is monitored by the High Efficiency eXtreme ultraviolet Overview Spectrometer system (HEXOS) [4], covering the wavel ength range 2.5–160 nm (intermediate ionization states of all relevant heavy intrinsic i mpurity species) with high spectral resolution and a time resolution of 1 ms, adequate for transpo rt analysis. Impurity radiation at shorter wave lengths (4 nm – 0.06 nm) will be monitored with the SX pulse height analysis system (PHA) [5]. The ion temperature profile can be deduced fro m inversion of data from the High Resolution X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (HR-XIS), whi ch measures the concentration and temperature of argon tracer gas in helium-like ioni zation stages [6-8]. A second X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectrometer (XICS), which will additionall y provide the poloidal ion rotation velocity, is under preparation [8,9]. The total radiation wil l be measured by two bolometer cameras [10,11]. The status of the impurity diagnostics for the first operational phase in W7-X is summarized in this paper and an outlook for the nex t experimental campaign is given.
Patient safety in vascular access patients on hemodialysis What every doctor should know about drug safety in patients with chronic kidney disease

Drug safety is a very relevant issue when dealing with patients with chronic kidney disease who need vascular access procedures and interventions. Drug dosage adjustment are needed for patients with acute or chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD patients, the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) is used to guide dose adjustments. Determining the influence of renal replacement therapies on drug dosage adjustment is also very important. Safety issues for the following drugs used for situations related to vascular access are reported: Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, antibiotics, antimicrobials for catheter lock therapy, thrombolytics, local anesthetics, and painkillers. General principles of the interactions of drugs in CKD are also reported.
Inhomogeneous magnon scattering during ultrafast demagnetization

Ni$_{0.8}$Fe$_{0.2}$ (Py) and Py alloyed with Cu exhibit intriguing ultrafast demagnetization behavior, where the Ni magnetic moment shows a delayed response relative to the Fe, an effect which is strongly enhanced by Cu alloying. We have studied a broad range of Cu concentrations to elucidate the effects of Cu alloying in Py. The orbital/spin magnetic moment ratios are largely unaffected by Cu alloying, signifying that Cu-induced changes in the ultrafast demagnetization are not related to spin-orbit interactions. We show that magnon diffusion can explain the delayed Ni response, which we attribute to an enhanced magnon generation rate in the Fe sublattice relative to the Ni sublattice. Furthermore, Py exhibits prominent RKKY-like exchange interactions, which are strongly enhanced between Fe atoms and diminished between Ni atoms by Cu alloying. An increased Fe magnon scattering rate is expected to occur concurrently with this increased Fe-Fe exchange interaction, supporting the results obtained from the magnon diffusion model.
Design and testing of LXC-based virtualization system for resource-constrained MIPS devices

Container-based virtualization became a standard de-facto for many environments, but it’s applicability to resourceconstrained systems is not as trivial question as it seems to be at first glance. Despite many projects aimed at bringing lightweight containers, such as Linux Containers (LXC), Docker, Kubernetes, etc, there are numerous problems in real-world development that might dramatically increase the impact on resources or render device unstable. In the paper we focus on Linux-based resource-constrained systems, studying the impact of LXC on MIPS CPU. Problems observed during the implementation of our system were studied and solutions for some of them, specifically slab overflow, provided. Our interpretation of obtained CPU, file system and other measures implies a negligible difference in comparison between host and isolated environment with only TCP performance reduced by up to 8-9%.
Chlorine dioxide as a possible adjunct to metabolic treatment

A first patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas has decided, on his own, to refuse chemotherapy but to treat himself with lipoic acid, hydroxycitrate combined with oral ingestion of chlorine dioxide. His blood tests and radiological examinations have almost normalized and the disease is stable at 18 months. Another patient with hormone resistant metastatic prostate cancer has experienced a sharp drop in PSA level as well as improved medical condition. From extensive literature review, the mechanism of action of chlorine dioxide is unknown. It is our hypothesis (albeit unproven) that chlorine dioxide results in tumor cell acidification of the alkaline pH of cancer cells.
Parylene Polymers for Nanotechnology Applications

This paper describes the use of Parylene polymers for nanotechnology applications, particularly as structured materials for hollow nano & mesospheres and nanotubes, and as protective coatings for nanostructured substrates, nanodevices, and nanoelectronics for functionality and reliability enhancement. Several attributes of the Parylene polymers are discussed in connection with nanotechnology applications. In addition, it briefly describes a model for manufacturing Parylene hollow fibers, and hollow nano and meso scale spheres having inner diameters from 50 nm to 20 microns. The unique coating process of Parylene and its properties can be exploited to protect nanodevices, nanofluidics, nanowire nanosensors, nanoelectronics and other nanostructured materials from various deteriorating agents.
Management Meets the Semantic Web

Finding the right information at the Management Meets the Semantic Web Dr. Mark Linderman Ms. Mary K. Pulvermacher AFRL Information DirectorateIlFSE The MITRE Corporation 525 Brooks Road 1 155 Academy Park Loop Rome, NY 13441 -4505 Colorado Springs, CO 8091 0 marklnderman @ rl.af. mil pulver@ mitre.org right time and in the right format becomes increasingly difficult as more information from myriad producers is made available to increasingly diverse communities of information consumers. The development of approaches to effectively manage this information and facilitate automated processing will help to address the challenges of a burgeoning information environment. Approaches to help overcome these challenges continue to emerge. This paper considers the convergence of enabling technologies from two information sharing approaches the Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) and the Semantic Web. The JBI facilitates and manages information sharing between producers and consumers, while the Semantic Web defines the semantics of the universe of web-based information. This paper examines the interplay of the JBI, as an example of an information management infrastructure, and the Semantic Web. We examine several facets of information management that will benefit from the Semantic Web as well as identify issues addressed by information management that will need to be addressed for mission-critical application of the Semantic Web. Finally, this paper discusses fundamental differences between the JBI and the Semantic Web that emanate from their current application contexts. We conclude with an overall perspective on their relationship and highlight areas of future research.
THE MOST COMMON HUMAN AUTOSOMAL TRISOMIES

Trisomy is a chromosomal abnormality, characterized by the appearance of an extra chromosome in the genetic material. Usually, human autosomal trisomies are not compatible with live birth, but there are some exceptions of live born trisomies. The most common live born trisomies are: Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome and Patau syndrome. All of these trisomies cause growth retardation, mental retardation and several congenital abnormalities. All of them show distinctive features. Autosomal trisomies are caused especially by chromosomal nondisjunction during meiosis. Advanced maternal age is considered to be a main reason for non-disjunction disorder, but understanding the mechanisms of this effect still remains unclear. Influence of paternal age on trisomies is controversial, but it was demonstrated that advanced paternal age together with maternal age has a significant role in occurrence of Down syndrome.
Virtual Assessment of Automation in Field Operation – A New Runtime Validation Method

A highly or fully automated vehicle (SAE J3016 Taxonomy [1]) will be a new technology when it enters public traffic. Nevertheless the safety of this new technology will be compared to that of human drivers assisted by advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS [2]). This combination of high safety requirements and new, higher levels of complexity leads to the so called “approval trap” that could befall the introduction of automated vehicles. The “approval trap” describes the situation in which there is no known way to prove that an automated system could match a human driver in terms of safety, even if such a system should exist. It is claimed that the state of the art in vehicle testing needs to be enhanced to bring these vehicles to everyday use [3]. Regarding these challenges this paper motivates a new runtime validation method called Virtual Assessment of Automation in Field Operation (VAAFO). Based on that, the VAAFO concept is discussed with the aid of a developed architecture and use cases that illustrate the principles. The benefits and drawbacks are highlighted.
Subnatural linewidths in two-photon excited-state spectroscopy.

Department of Physics, Durham University, Rochester Building, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UKWe investigate, theoretically and experimentally, absorption on an excited-state atomic transi-tion in a thermal vapor where the lower state is coherently pumped. We nd that the transitionlinewidth can be sub-natural, i.e. less than the combined linewidth of the lower and upper state.For the speci c case of the 6P
Does Retirement Induced Through Social Security Pension Eligibility Influence Subjective Well-Being? A Cross-Country Comparison

How does retirement influence subjective well-being? Some studies suggest retirement does not affect subjective well-being or may improve it. Others suggest it adversely affects it. This paper aims at advancing our understanding of the effect of retirement on subjective well-being by (1) using longitudinal data to tease out the retirement effect from age and cohort differences; (2) using instrumental variables to address potential reverse causation of subjective well-being on retirement decisions; and (3) conducting cross-country analyses, exploiting differences in eligibility ages for retirement benefits across countries and within countries. We use panel data from the US Health and Retirement Study and the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. This allows us to use a quasi-experimental approach where variations in public pension eligibility due to country and cohort specific retirement ages help identify retirement effects. For both the U.S. and Europe we find that retirement is associated with higher levels of depression. However, when we use instrumental variables we find the opposite result. Retirement induced through Social Security pension eligibility is found to have a positive effect, reducing depression symptoms, although only marginally significant for the U.S. when considering the depression indicator. Retirement is not found to have a significant effect on life satisfaction measures for either the U.S. or Europe.
Anammox and denitrification in the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern South Pacific

We quantified the removal of fixed nitrogen as N2 production by anammox and N2 and N2O production by denitrification over a distance of 1900 km along the coasts of Chile and Peru, using short‐term incubations with 15N‐labeled substrates. The eastern South Pacific contains an oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) characterized by an anoxic, nitrate‐ and nitrite‐rich layer of ∼ 200‐m thickness below 30–90 m of oxic water. Anammox and denitrification were almost exclusively recorded when the in situ O2 concentration was below detection, indicating that the induction of these processes is highly oxygen sensitive. Anammox was detected in 70% of the samples from anoxic depths. Denitrification was detected in fewer samples, but maximum rates were an order of magnitude higher than those of anammox. In our incubations denitrification was responsible for 72% of the total N2 production and 77% of the total removal of fixed nitrogen including N2O production. However, at the individual depths it could be one or the other process that was responsible for all of the nitrogen removal. Anammox activity was highest just below the oxic‐anoxic interface and declined exponentially with depth, whereas no depth dependence was discerned for denitrification. Denitrification resulted in net production of N2O in some of the samples and consumption of added 15N2O in others. Together with the accumulation of this indicates that denitrification must be seen as a sequence of individually regulated reactions, each of which may start and stop depending on the electron donor input, while anammox is much less variable. The highly patchy distribution of denitrification contributes to explain the apparent imbalances between ammonium sources and sinks suggested by previous 15N‐based studies in OMZs.
Economic Research and Statistics Division Trade in Tasks, Tariff Policy and Effective Protection Rates

Albeit nominal tariffs have been decreasing in the past decades, the rise of global manufacturing along global value chains lead to their accumulation along the international supply chain. The calculation of effective protection rates provides important insights on the impact of nominal protection on the international competitiveness of industries in a trade in tasks perspective. Building on the results of the OECD-WTO Trade in Value-Added TiVA database, the paper analyses the evolution of effective protection in about 50 developed and developing countries from 1995 to 2008. The paper reviews also the role of preferential agreements on effective protection as well as the impact of tariffs on the production costs of services. A final chapter is dedicated to exploring the underlying patterns that may exist beyond the EPR profiles.
Effect of Storage on Physicochemical Properties of Spiced Fish Sauce

The study encompasses the influence of storage on physicochemical properties of spiced sauce at ambient temperature on 15 days interval up to 60 days. The results pertaining to physicochemical properties studied on fresh day and 60 days demonstrate that the moisture content of sauce was gradually increased from (65.81 g/100 g) to (66.20 g/100 g), fat was slightly decreased from (6.20 g/100 g) to (6.08 g/100 g), protein was increased from (5.72 g/100 g) to (6.25 g/100 g), carbohydrate steadily decreased during storage time from (16.15 g/100 g) to (15.10 g/100 g), total ash was constantly between 2.88 g/100 g to 2.90 g/100 g during whole study, Salt found 3.20 g/100 g to 3.18 g/ 100 g during storage, the pH was (5.62) to (4.87), the total organic acidity was 1.05 to 1.23, TSS of sauce was slightly increased during storage was increased from fresh (21° Bx) to 60th days (23° Bx) simultaneously. And the viscosity of sauce drastically decreases with storage during study as from fresh (282.0 cP) to 60th day (260.4 cP). The results obtained reveals that change in the physicochemical properties of spiced fish sauce was due to lactic acid fermentation during storage. The dominant flora was counted on same day of chemical analysis simultaneously and the results revealed gradual increase in growth from fresh day 2.9×103 to 4.1×103 at 60th day.