Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of in vitro and in situ plankton production determinations

Plankton production was measured using 8 techniques at 4 stations in the Celtic Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, in April 2002. Primary production (PP) was derived from 14 C incorporation into particulate carbon after 24 h simulated in situ, PP( 14 CSIS), and 2 h photosynthesis-irradiance incuba- tions, PP( 14 CPUR), and from 2 published satellite algorithms, PP(VGPM) and PP(M91). Gross production (GP) was calculated from O2 evolution, GP(O2), and 18 O enrichment of dissolved O2, GP( 18 O), after 24 h simulated in situ incubations, and from in situ active fluorescence measured by fast repetition rate fluorometry (FRRF). Net community production (NCP) was determined from changes in in situ dissolved oxygen, NCP(ΔO2), and from changes in oxygen during 24 h simulated in situ incubations, NCP(O2). Dark community respiration (DCR) was derived from changes in oxygen during a 24 h dark incubation, DCR(O2), and daily oxygen uptake, DOU( 18 O, O2), was calculated from the difference between GP( 18 O) and NCP(O2). Three stations were dominated by picoautotrophs and the fourth station was dominated by diatoms. While most of the comparisons between techniques fell within previously published ranges, 2 anomalies occurred only at the diatom-dominated station. Rates of PP( 14 CPUR) were oxygen uptake in the dark. The low rates of PP( 14 CPUR) in relation to PP( 14 CSIS) may have resulted from the heterogeneous nature of the bloom and differences in sampling time. However, it is also possible that dissolved organic material (DOM) released by the stressed diatom population restricted the diffusion of 14 C into the cells, thereby causing a greater underestimate of PP by techniques using short incuba- tions. The significantly higher rates of oxygen uptake in the light are difficult to reconcile, and we do not know whether the light enhanced oxygen uptake was directly linked to carbon fixation. How- ever, the release of DOM may also have provided substrate for enhanced respiration in the light. These anomalies were only revealed through the concurrent measurement of plankton production by this wide range of techniques. Further investigation of DOM excretion and light-enhanced respira- tion during diatom blooms is warranted.
Beta Cell Regeneration: A Novel Strategy for Treating Type 1 Diabetes

Copyright: © 2013 Wu H, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Type 1diabetes (T1D), which is typically caused by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic islets, is affecting more than 1 million people in North America according to the National Diabetes Fact Sheet 2011. The key of treating T1D is to replenish the lost beta cells or their products, insulin. Insulin is commonly used for treating T1D. The occasional hypoglycemia post injection and the complications associated with long-term insulin administration may pose potential risks during a life-long insulin administration. Islet transplantation, as an experimental treatment for T1D, has the potential to maintain insulin-independence for a longer duration, but has failed to maintained normoglycemia for more than five years as per many studies [1,2]. During the last two decades, much effort has been made into exploring beta cell regeneration so that the new insulinproducing cells can replenish the lost beta cells caused by autoimmune destruction. Taking advantage of the progresses in protein sciences and regenerative medicine, beta cell regeneration may be promising for treating type 1diabetes in future.
Perceptions of Small and Medium Enterprises on IFRS Adaptation Process: a Case Study in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

This study investigates the problems with the implementation process of the International Financial Reporting Standards for Small M (a) Small and Medium Enterprises have positive perception on International Financial Reporting Standards, (b) the companies don’t have enough information about International Financial Reporting Standards and, (c) conversion process of financial reporting system is complicated.
Aggregation of Phaeocystis during phytoplankton spring blooms in the southern North Sea.

While marine snow aggregates were devoid of Phaeocystis in 1989, a large fraction of the Phaeocystis biomass was associated with aggregates two years later. This discrepancy corresponds to a significant difference in aggregate size between the two years studied, interpreted to be a consequence of different levels of turbulent mixing. Phaeocystis colonies remained freely suspended during 1989 when aggregates were small, and adhered loosely to the large aggregates observed forming during 1991. Overall, the aggregation potential of Phaeocystis was low in comparison to diatoms. Independent of the degree of aggregation, sedimentation was the dominant loss factor of Phaeocystis biomass from the upper layer
The relationship between structure and performance organizational from emergency staff viewpoints

Background and Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between organizational structure and organizational performance from the perspective of the staff of 115 emergency departments of Mazandaran province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, data were collected from the emergency personnel of different hospitals of Mazandaran province, Iran in 2014. Moreover, data on two variables of organizational performance and organizational structure were obtained using Frank's standard organizational structure questionnaire (2006). In this questionnaire, organizational structure is assessed in three dimensions of formalization, centralization, and complexity. This study was conducted on the staff of 115 emergency departments of Mazandaran province. Initially, 499 emergency personnel were selected, and sample population was determined using the Cochran's formula and random sampling. In total, 207 participants were enrolled in this study. Data analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman's correlation-coefficient, and Friedman's rank test. Results: According to the results of Spearman's correlation-coefficient, the correlation-coefficient between organizational structure and organizational performance was 0.793. Moreover, the correlation-coefficients of the complexity and centralization dimensions of organizational performance were 0.979 and 0.493, respectively. Correlation-coefficient of the formalization dimension of organizational performance was obtained at 0.287. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, all the dimensions of organizational structure (formalization, complexity, and centralization) had significant, positive correlations with organizational performance in the viewpoint of the staff of 115 emergency departments of Mazandaran province.
Lake Erie Protection Fund ( SG 405-11 ) Final Report Does Enterococci qPCR Predict Pathogen levels ?

Current approaches for assessing and communicating risk associated with recreational water contact are inadequate for protecting public health. New approaches for rapidly and practically assessing water quality are needed. Accordingly, this project was designed around the evaluation of real-time molecular methods and practical measures for rapidly assessing infectious disease risk at two of Ohio’s Lake Erie beaches. In this study, we present a baseline understanding of the human health risk attributed to infectious enteric viruses and Arcobacter as human pathogens that may be impacting public health through exposure to Lake Erie beach waters. Using rapid molecular methods and traditional water quality monitoring instruments, our objectives were: 1) to investigate the significance of these microorganisms as important emerging pathogens in Lake Erie beach water; 2) to determine whether the current fecal indicator (cultured E. coli) and the most likely new method that US EPA will adopt in 2012 (enterococci qPCR) can predict the presence of human pathogens; and 3) to develop statistical models using sanitary survey data (previously collected) and environmental determinants in explaining pathogen levels. Through accomplishing our objectives, we intended to provide a more complete understanding of fecal contamination and human health risks at these Lake Erie beaches.
Silicon fertilization improves the maize (Zea mays L.) performance under limited moisture supply

Field crops are subjected to numerous inconsiderate climatic hazards that negatively affect physiological processes, growth and yield. Drought is one of the major abiotic factors that limits the agricultural productivity especially in the arid and semi-arid areas of the globe. Silicon (Si) is a naturally occurring beneficial nutrient which modulates plant growth and development events and has been known to improve the crop tolerance to abiotic stresses. With the objective to investigate the role of silicon nutrition on maize hybrids under limited moisture supply, a two year field study was conducted during 2010–11 at Post Graduate Research Station (PARS), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. We evaluated growth of two maize hybrids P-33H25 and FH-810 under well watered (100% field capacity) and water deficit situation (60% field capacity) as affected by Si application. Silicon was added in soil @ 100 mg/kg using Calcium Silicate as source. Water deficit condition significantly reduced agro-morphological and physiological attributes of maize plants. Silicon application significantly increased the plant height, leaf area index, yield and related attributes along with improvement in photosynthetic rate, leaf water status and osmotic adjustment under limited moisture supply. It was concluded that silicon application to droughtstressed maize enhanced its growth and yield owing to improved photosynthetic rate, higher osmotic adjustment, increased water status and lowered transpiration.
Business Groups in Emerging Markets: Paragons or Parasites?

Diversified business groups, consisting of legally independent firms operating across diverse industries, are ubiquitous in emerging markets. Groups around the world share certain attributes but also vary substantially in structure, ownership, and other dimensions. This paper proposes a business group taxonomy, which is used to formulate hypotheses and present evidence about the reasons for the formation, prevalence, and evolution of groups in different environments. In interpreting the evidence, the authors pay particular attention to two aspects neglected in much of the literature: the circumstances under which groups emerge and the historical evidence on some of the questions addressed by recent studies. They argue that business groups are responses to different economic conditions and that, from a welfare standpoint, they can sometimes be "paragons" and, at other times, "parasites. " The authors conclude with an agenda for future research.
APPROACHES REGARDING THE UTILITY OF THEACCOUNTING INFORMATION

In the context of the internalization and globalization of the economies, in order toefficiently respond to the different risks that could affect the credibility and the transparency ofthe accounting information, the carried research has proven that, there are imposed the knowledgeand the implementation in practice of the financial reporting process of the leadershipprerogatives afferent to a good corporate governance, of those specific to an adequate internalcontrol and to a prospective and innovative management of these events. Starting from the multiplebenefits generated by the existence of good corporate governance, under its diverse aspects anddimensions, in the carried research we have focused on the identification and instrumentation ofnew valences of the relationship among corporate governance, risk controlling system or processand the utility of the information from the financial statements.
A strategy for analyzing and enriching domain ontologies

During the last years there is an increasing interest on the ontologies. The way in which the semantics of a domain entity is represented in an ontology may differ depending on the requirements that the ontology should satisfy. However, in general the richness is a desired quality attribute for an ontology. The contribution of this paper is a strategy for evaluating and enriching the representation of real entity semantics in a domain ontology. In addition, an application example is discussed.
Generating nonclassical correlations without fully aligning measurements

We investigate the scenario where spatially separated parties perform measurements in randomly chosen bases on an N-partite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. We show that without any alignment of the measurements, the observers will obtain correlations that violate a Bell inequality with a probability that rapidly approaches 1 as N increases and that this probability is robust against noise. We also prove that restricting these randomly chosen measurements to a plane perpendicular to a common direction will always generate correlations that violate some Bell inequality. Specifically, if each observer chooses their two measurements to be locally orthogonal, then the N observers will violate one of two Bell inequalities by an amount that increases exponentially with N. These results are also robust against noise and perturbations of each observer's reference direction from the common direction.
Histomorphological effect of zidovudine on the testes of adult male wistar rats (rattus novegicus)

Background: Zidovudine (ZDV) also referred to as azidothymidine (AZT) was the first approved treatment for human immunodeficiency virus, although, its impact on the reproductive system has not been clearly understood. Aim: The aim is to analyze the effect of dose dependent administration of ZDV (AZT) on the testes of adult Wistar rats was carefully studied. Materials and Methods: The rats ( n =20), with an average weight of 150 g were randomly assigned in to a control group (Group 1) ( n =5) and three treatment groups ( n =5). The control Group 1 received distilled water while the treatment groups divided into Group 2, (subnormal), Group 3 (normal) and Group 4 (excess) were administered 0.3 mg/ml, 1.3 mg/ml and 2.3 mg/ml of AZT respectively (in line with the recommended dose of 600 mg/70 kg) dissolved in distilled water daily for 30 days, using an orogastric cannula. The rats were fed with growers mash and given water liberally. The rats were euthanized under chloroform vapor on the 31 st day of the experiment, and the testes were carefully harvested and fixed in 10% formol saline for histological studies. Results: Histological results of treated group revealed significant changes in testes histoarchitecture (the control showed normal histoarchitecture). Conclusion: ZDV may cause structural abnormalities to testicular tissues.
ASH-HEED Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

The Wireless SensorNetwork (WSN) consisting of a large number of sensors are effective for gathering data in a variety of environments. Sensors are usually randomly deployed where battery replacement or recharge is difficult or even impossible to be performed. In this paper, we first completely analyze the basic distributed clustering routing protocol LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy). The classical schemesconsider that all nodes are deployed with same amount of energy. Here we consider a heterogeneous medium, i.e. each node is provided with varying power levels called Heterogeneous - Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed Protocol (H-HEED). Heterogeneity can be implemented by various parameters here we consider node energy as the basic parameter. Transmitting data from each node of the sensor field may lead to high power consumption and unreliable network lifetime. In order to avoid this we go for clustering and election of cluster heads. Cluster head alone transmits the aggregate data of the cluster. Theformation of the clusters and cluster head selection are done bycomparing the residual energy of the individual inevery round this improves the lifetime to a considerable level. Also we introduce a node scheduling scheme in HEED. The nodes are classified into ACTIVE and SLEEP nodes. The best solution for energy –saving is to making the nodes in sleep mode with results in power consumption.Finally the simulation result demonstrates that proposed work achieves longer lifetime and more effective data packets in comparison with the HEED and LEACH protocol.
Maurer–Cartan spaces of ﬁltered L ∞ -algebras

We study several homotopical and geometric properties of Maurer–Cartan spaces for L ∞ -algebras whicharenot nilpotent, but onlyﬁlteredinasuitableway. Such algebras play a key role especially in the deformation theory of algebraic structures. In particular, we prove that the Maurer–Cartan simplicial set preserves ﬁbrations and quasi-isomorphisms. Then we present an algebraic geometry viewpoint on Maurer– Cartan moduli sets, and we compute the tangent complex of the associated algebraic stack.
Chronic N deposition alters root respiration‐tissue N relationship in northern hardwood forests

Specific root respiration rates typically increase with increasing tissue N concentration. As a result, it is often assumed that external factors inducing greater root N concentration, such as chronic N deposition, will lead to increased respiration rates. However, enhanced N availability also alters root biomass, making the ecosystem‐level consequences on whole‐root‐system respiration uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of chronic experimental N deposition on root N concentrations, specific respiration rates, and biomass for four northern hardwood forests in Michigan. Three of the six measurement plots at each location have received experimental N deposition (3 g NO3 − ‐N m−2 yr−1) since 1994. We measured specific root respiration rates and N concentrations of roots from four size classes (<0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2, and 2–10 mm) at three soil depths (0–10, 10–30, and 30–50 cm). Root biomass data for the same size classes and soil depths was used in combination with specific respiration rates to assess the response of whole‐root‐system respiration. Root N and respiration rate were greater for smaller diameter roots and roots at shallow depths. In addition, root N concentrations were significantly greater under chronic N deposition, particularly for larger diameter roots. Specific respiration rates and root biomass were unchanged for all depths and size classes, thus whole‐root‐system respiration was not altered by chronic N deposition. Higher root N concentrations in combination with equivalent specific respiration rates under experimental N deposition resulted in a lower ratio of respiration to tissue N. These results indicate that relationships between root respiration rate and N concentration do not hold if N availability is altered significantly. For these forests, use of the ambient respiration to N relationship would over‐predict actual root system respiration for the chronic N deposition treatment by 50%.
Effects of Different Proportions of Pennisetum Purpureum Silage and Natural Grass Hay on Feed Utilization, Milk Yield and Composition of Crossbred Dairy Cows Supplemented with Concentrate Diet

Effects of different proportions of pennisetum purpureum silage and natural grass hay on feed intake, digestibility, milk yield and milk composition of crossbred dairy cows were assessed at Bako Agricultural Research Center by using ten crossbred cows of similar milk yield (6.2-8.5 kg/d), body weight (307.99±8.53), age of lactation (early lactation), but differ in parities arranged in switch over 5*5 double single Latin square design; being started at November /2013 and finished at March /2014. Experimental animals were fed adlibitum of natural grass hay and Pennisetum Purpureum silage at proportion of (T1) Natural grass hay ad libitum + Concentrate mix (0.5 kg/l of milk), (T2) 75% Natural grass hay + 25% Napier grass silage + Concentrate mix (0.5 kg/l of milk), (T3) Natural grass hay + 50% Napier grass silage + Concentrate mix (0.5 kg/l of milk), (T4) 25 % Natural grass hay + 75% Napier grass silage + Concentrate mix (0.5 kg/l of milk) and (T5) Napier grass silage ad libitum + Concentrate mix (0.5 kg/l of milk), respectively. The concentrate mix is composed of 49.5% maize grain + 49.5% noug seed cake + 1% salt and supplemented with Concentrate mix at rate of (0.5 kg/l of milk). Results of chemical analysis and digestability studies of experimental feeds indicated that Pennisetum Purpureum silage (CP=13.85%, ME=10.22 (MJKg -1 DM)) had better nutritive value than natural grass hay (CP=11.72% and ME=7.98 (MJKg -1 DM)). The daily DM, CP, and ME intake were highly significant (P 0.05) different among dietary treatments. Economic analysis indicates that use of Pennisetum Purpureum silage as basal diet results in a better economic gain than when natural grass hay is used. Therefore, the results demonstrated that Pennisetum Purpureum silage had better feeding value as compared to the natural grass hay for crossbred lactating dairy cows and can be conserved and used especially in the dry season when conventional roughages are in short supply and low in CP content. Keywords : Basal diet, Crossbred, Digestibility, Hay, Intake, and Napier grass silage.
The effect of imipramine hcl on haemolysis of horse erythrocytes

The mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs) is not fully understood. The effect of the TCA imipramine on the haemolysis of erythrocytes was investigated, focussing on dosage and incubation time. The method used a drug free red blood cell (RBC) haemolysis assay (Watts & Handy, 2007) comparing experimental drug concentrations ranging from 0.0904 mg/ml – 90.4 mg/ml. Incubation time effects were also investigated, and haemolysis increased with decreasing osmolarity. Compared with the control the percentage haemolysis increased significantly with higher concentrations of imipramine, but was reduced by 0.0904 mg/ml imipramine. Haemolysis also increased with longer incubation time in both experimental and drug-free trials. Findings show that imipramine has a haemolytic effect on RBCs that is both incubation time and concentration dependant. Imipramine has a stabilising effect on RBCs at 0.0904 mg/ml around critical micelle concentration which could involve surface-drug-action and can be explained by Kesting’s liquid membrane hypothesis.
Coherence analysis of EEG in locomotion using graphs

One of the most interesting brain machine interface (BMI) applications, is the control of assistive devices for rehabilitation of neuromotor pathologies. This means that assistive devices (prostheses, orthoses, or exoskeletons) are able to detect user motion intention, by the acquisition and interpretation of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. Such interpretation is based on the time, frequency or space features of the EEG signals. For this reason, in this paper a coherence-based EEG study is proposed during locomotion that along with the graph theory allows to establish spatio-temporal parameters that are characteristic in this study. The results show that along with the temporal features of the signal it is possible to find spatial patterns in order to classify motion tasks of interest. In this manner, the connectivity analysis alongside graphs provides reliable information about the spatio-temporal characteristics of the neural activity, showing a dynamic pattern in the connectivity during locomotions tasks.