Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid detection of metastatic melanoma in lymph nodes using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of fine needle aspiration biopsy specimens

Accurate staging of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma includes assessment of regional lymph nodes for the presence of micrometastatic disease. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is highly accurate but is an invasive surgical procedure with a 5–10% complication rate, and requires labour-intensive and expensive histological examination to identify disease. A rapid, accurate and cost-effective non-surgical technique able to detect micrometastatic deposits of melanoma in regional lymph nodes would be of great benefit. Fine needle aspiration biopsies and tissue specimens were obtained from lymph nodes from 18 patients undergoing node resection for metastatic melanoma and five patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. One-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was undertaken at 360 MHz (8.5 T). Lymph nodes were cut into 3 mm thick slices and embedded. Four sequential 5 μm tissue sections were cut from each block and stained, with haematoxylin and eosin, for S100 protein, for HMB45, and again with haematoxylin and eosin, respectively. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy distinguished between benign and malignant lymph node tissue (P < 0.001, separate t-test) and benign and malignant lymph node fine needle aspiration biopsy (P < 0.012) based on the ratio of the integrals of resonances from lipid/other metabolites (1.8–2.5 p.p.m. region) and ‘choline’ (3.1–3.3 p.p.m. region). In conclusion, one-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a simple fine needle aspiration biopsy can distinguish lymph nodes containing metastatic melanoma from uninvolved nodes, providing a rapid, accurate and cost-effective non-surgical technique to assess regional lymph nodes in patients with melanoma.
A Hepta-Band Antenna For Wireless Applications

Microstrip antennas are also known as printed antennas and they have a variety of applications in radar systems, microwave communication links, satellite communication systems, wireless and mobile communication systems, medical equipment, etc. In this paper, a model of inverted T-shaped slot rectangular patch antenna is designed and simulated to evaluate the performance. The proposed antenna is designed to cover the common wireless applications. The output results are taken and analyzed for their radiation pattern and transmission losses. The reference/characteristic impedance taken is 50 Ω and the operating frequency domain is 1.7GHz to 7.68 GHz. The microstrip patch antenna is encapsulated in the FR-4 low cost substrate whose dielectric constant is 4.4. Keywords—Inverted T-shaped slot, Microstrip patch, defected ground structure (DGS).
The biphasic effects of alcohol on human physical aggression.

The authors assessed the biphasic effects of alcohol on human physical aggression. Sixty male social drinkers were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: alcohol ascending limb (AAL), alcohol descending limb (ADL), or 1 of 2 sober control groups. Aggression was assessed in the AAL and ADL groups at respective ascending or descending blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of 0.08%. Each participant in the control groups was respectively yoked with a participant in either the AAL or the ADL group to control for the longer period of time needed to reach a BAC of 0.08% on the descending limb compared with the ascending limb (i.e., passage of time effect). The authors measured aggression using a modified version of the Taylor aggression paradigm (S. Taylor, 1967), in which electric shocks are received from and administered to a fictitious opponent during a competitive task. The AAL group was more aggressive than the ADL groups. There were no differences between the ADL group and the control groups, which suggests that alcohol does not appear to increase aggression on the descending limb. The control groups did not differ in aggression, thus ruling out a passage of time effect.
Learning Decomposed Representation for Counterfactual Inference

One fundamental problem in the learning treatment effect from observational data is confounder identification and balancing. Most of the previous methods realized confounder balancing by treating all observed variables as confounders, ignoring the identification of confounders and non-confounders. In general, not all the observed variables are confounders which are the common causes of both the treatment and the outcome, some variables only contribute to the treatment and some contribute to the outcome. Balancing those non-confounders would generate additional bias for treatment effect estimation. By modeling the different relations among variables, treatment and outcome, we propose a synergistic learning framework to 1) identify and balance confounders by learning decomposed representation of confounders and non-confounders, and simultaneously 2) estimate the treatment effect in observational studies via counterfactual inference. Our empirical results demonstrate that the proposed method can precisely identify and balance confounders, while the estimation of the treatment effect performs better than the state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic and real-world datasets.
Dictadura franquista e historiografía del franquismo

Manuel Tunon de Lara fue pionero en los analisis del regimen franquista y del debate que comenzo inmediatamente despues de la muerte del dictador. Partiendo de la concepcion del franquismo como una dictadura fascista, reconocio la existencia de otros elementos desde finales de los anos cincuenta, que le indujeron a calificarlo como una dictadura conservadora sumamente represora. Lo que constituye una muestra se su amplia apertura intelectual. Con motivo del centenario del nacimiento de este historiador, sirvan como reconocimiento a su obra esta sintesis acerca del nivel que alcanzo el debate sobre la naturaleza del regimen franquista y el estado de la cuestion en torno a la investigacion y los estudios sobre la dictadura, indicando al mismo tiempo las tendencias que se observan actualmente en este campo de la historiografia.
Prévalence, cinétique et valeur pronostique de la mutation XPO1 E571K dans le lymphome de Hodgkin

Le lymphome de Hodgkin classique (LHc) est un des lymphomes les plus frequents et partage de nombreuses caracteristiques cliniques et genetiques avec le lymphome B diffus a grandes cellules primitif du mediastin (PMBL). Dans la presente etude retrospective, nous avons analyse une mutation recurrente de type hotspot du gene de l’exportin 1 (XPO1, p.E571K), precedemment identifiee dans les PMBL, dans une large serie de biopsies et plasmas de patients diagnostiques avec un LHc en premiere ligne de traitement, en utilisant une technique hautement sensible de PCR digitale (PCRd). 94 patients ont ainsi ete inclus dans cette etude. La mutation XPO1 E571K est retrouvee a une frequence elevee, dans environ un quart des patients de notre etude (24,2%). Les patients mutes et non-mutes presentaient des caracteristiques cliniques similaires. Les patients avec une mutation restant detectable dans le plasma en fin de traitement avaient tendance a rechuter davantage que les patients dont la mutation etait devenue indetectable dans le plasma en fin de traitement (PFS a deux ans = 57,1%, IC95% : 30,1%-100% versus PFS a 2 ans =90,5%, IC95% : 78,8%-100% respectivement, p=0,0601). En conclusion, la detection de la mutation XPO1 E571K dans l’ADN extrait de la biopsie et du plasma par PCRd pourrait servir de nouveau biomarqueur dans le LHc, au moment du diagnostic et au cours du suivi de la maladie residuelle. La detection de cette mutation dans le plasma des patients represente un saut technologique majeur dans la prise en charge du LHc.
Cancer stem cells in solid tumors: an overview and new approaches for their isolation and characterization

Primary tumors are responsible for 10% of cancer deaths. In most cases, the main cause of mortality is the formation of metastases. Accumulating evidence suggests that a subpopulation of tumor cells with distinct stem‐like properties is responsible for tumor initiation, invasive growth, and metastasis formation. This population is defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Existing therapies have enhanced the length of survival after diagnosis of cancer but have completely failed in terms of recovery. CSCs appear to be resistant to chemotherapy, may remain quiescent for extended periods, and have affinity for hypoxic environments. The CSCs can be identified and isolated by different methodologies, including isolation by CSC‐specific cell surface marker expression, detection of side population phenotype by Hoechst 33342 exclusion, assessment of their ability to grow as floating spheres, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity assay. None of the methods mentioned are exclusively used to isolate the solid tumor CSCs, highlighting the imperative to delineate more specific markers or to use combinatorial markers and methodologies. This review provides an overview of the main characteristics and approaches used to identify, isolate, and characterize CSCs from solid tumors. —Tirino, V. , Desiderio, V. , Paino, F. , De Rosa, A. , Papaccio, F. , La Noce, M. , Laino, L. , De Francesco, F. , Papaccio, G. Cancer stem cells in solid tumors: an overview and new approaches for their isolation and characterization. FASEB J. 27, 13–24 (2013). www.fasebj. org
Evaluation of Calcified Carotid Artery Atheromas Detected By Panoramic Radiograph among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Carotid artery calcifications (CACs) of diabetic patients and compare it with normal non-diabetic individuals. Panoramic radiographs of 200 adult patients with type 2 diabetes (90 male and 110 females) (age range 16-79 years; mean age 40.54 years) and 200 controls (age-match, free of systemic diseases) were examined on panoramic radiographs for any unusual radiopacity adjacent to or just below the intervertebral space between C3 and C4. Statistical analysis was carried out using chi-squared and Fisher exact tests. Carotid artery calcifications (CACs) were higher in diabetic patients compared with normal healthy control and the statistical difference between the two groups was significant (Chi-square test = 10.82, P = 0.001). Twenty-five (16 females, 9 males) diabetic patients showed CACs, Mean age of diabetic patients with calcification was 47.11 years.
Eects of Rural Sanitation on Infant Mortality and Human Capital: Evidence from India's Total Sanitation Campaign

Open defecation without a toilet or latrine is among the leading global threats to health, especially in India. Although it is well-known that modern sewage infrastructure improves health, it is unknown whether a sanitation program feasible for a low capacity, poor country government could be eective. This paper contributes the rst causally identied estimates of eects of rural sanitation on health and human capital accumulation. The Indian government’s Total Sanitation Campaign reports building one household pit latrine per ten rural persons from 2001 to 2011. The program oered local governments a large ex post monetary incentive to eliminate open defecation. I use several complementary identication strategies to estimate the program’s eect on children’s health. First, I exploit variation in program timing, comparing children born in different years. Second, I study a long dierence-in-dier ences in aggregate mortality. Third, I exploit a discontinuity designed into the monetary incentive. Unlike many impact evaluations, this paper studies a full-scale program implemented by a large government bureaucracy with low administrative capacity. At the mean program intensity, infant mortality decreased by 4 per 1,000 and children’s height increased by 0.2 standard deviations (similar to the cross-sectional dierence associated with doubling household consumption per capita). These results suggest that, even in the context of governance constraints, incentivizing local leaders to promote technology adoption can be an eective strategy.
Colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence.

EDITOR,-I read with interest the article by Fernandez-Banares et al (Gut 1996; 38: 254-9). These authors demonstrated novel significant differences in tissue fatty acid profiles when they compared diseased and paired normal mucosa of adenoma and carcinoma patients. My one concern about this study is the author's comparison between tissue fatty acid profiles with plasma fatty acid concentrations that only reflect recent intake and give no information on the longterm dietary intake of n3 fatty acids. I feel that it would be more appropriate to compare their tissue fatty acid profiles with red cell fatty acid levels. ' 2 KOUROSH KHOSRAVIANI Department of Surgery, Queen's University of Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BY
Waiting as Part of the Fun: Interactive Gaming in Theme Park Queues

People visiting theme parks intend to have a day of fun. Yet a larger part of the time is spent queuing for rides rather than in the actual rides, which does not contribute to the intended fun experience. Current efforts therefore either make the queue as bearable as possible or try to get rid of it altogether. In this paper we propose a vision in which we see the queue as an opportunity to become part of the fun experience of visiting a theme park. To realize this vision, we propose the use of interactive gaming platforms interwoven in queue, on which people in line can play a game that is based on several psychological principles to shorten the perceived waiting time. We present a design-case; ‘the Dream Chamber’ as an example of our vision. Evaluations of this system indicate potential for this class of systems and our proposed vision
Pediatricians’, Obstetricians’, Gynecologists’, and Family Medicine Physicians’ Experiences with and Attitudes about Breast-Feeding

Objectives Investigate physicians’ breast-feeding experiences and attitudes using a survey based on two behavioral theories: theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the health belief model (HBM). Methods There were 73 participants included in the investigation. These participants were resident and faculty physicians from pediatrics, obstetrics/gynecology, and family medicine at a university campus, located on the US-Mexico border. The sample was reduced to 53 and 56 records for the attitude and confidence variables, respectively. Physicians answered a survey about their breast-feeding experiences and attitudes to learn about intention and ability applying constructs from TRA and HBM. An attitude scale, confidence variable (from self-efficacy items), and a lactation training index were created for the analysis. Results Analysis of the association between physicians’ breastfeeding experiences and their attitudes revealed physicians are knowledgeable about breast-feeding and have positive attitudes towards breast-feeding. They did not seem to remember how long they breast-fed their children or whether they enjoyed breast-feeding, but they wanted to continue breast-feeding. Physicians cite work as a main reason for not continuing to breast-feed. Conclusions Physicians’ attitudes toward breast-feeding are positive. They are expected to practice health-promotion behavior including breast-feeding; however, physicians’ breast-feeding rates are low and although they are knowledgeable about breast-feeding their training lacks on didactic depth and hands-on experience. If physicians learn more about breast-feeding and breast-feed exclusively and successfully, the rates in the United States would increase naturally.
Multiple sequence alignment using minimum spanning tree

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is one of the most important tools in modern biology. The MSA problem is NP-hard; therefore, heuristic approaches are needed to align a large set of data within a reasonable time. In this paper, a new MSA algorithm is proposed. We use a minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm to construct a guide tree in which the sequences are aligned. The time complexity of our MSA approach is O(n/sup 3/L/sup 2/) (where n is the number of sequences and L is the maximum length of all sequences). The validity of our algorithm has been confirmed by the experimental results.
RELATION OF COCHLEAR IMPLANT FUNCTION TO HISTOPATHOLOGY IN MONKEYS a

Although a number of patients are currently benefiting from cochlear implants, it is widely believed that considerable improvement can be made in this method of providing hearing to the deaf. Many investigators are currently gathering data with this goal in mind. We believe that one of the most fruitful approaches is to examine the relations between implant function, measured psychophysically, and the condition of the implanted cochlea, measured histologically. This approach yields data that are applicable at several levels: (1 ) Observing the relation of implant function to various levels and types of pathology will aid in establishing criteria for selection and treatment of implant candidates. (2 ) These observations yield data relevant to physiological models of implant function. If we can model what neural elements are being excited by electrical stimulation, and how various percepts are encoded, we will be in a much better position to specify optimal electrode placements and parameters for electrical stimulation. ( 3 ) Studies of hearing in the absence of hair cells and basilar membrane mechanics, and in many cases in the absence of a large percentage of the normal complement of eighth nerve fibers, provide unique opportunities to analyze central neural mechanisms. A better understanding of central auditory processing would be of great benefit to those who are trying to devise paradigms for translating acoustic stimuli into electrical signals that can be delivered by singleor multichannel cochlear implants. Realistically, achievement of these goals will require data from both implanted human patients and laboratory animals. The human data ultimately demonstrate the relevance of the animal data, and in addition, some percepts are more readily tested in humans than in animals. On the other hand, the procurement of human histological data is naturally very slow, and the human psychophysical data are often inadequate owing to a variety of complicating factors. For example, human data are usually collected from patients who have been deaf for a number of years and whose ability to perform the required psychophysical experiments is not known, whereas animal data can often be obtained from a deafened, implanted ear and a normal hearing
Phospholipids and fatty acids of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The phospholipids and fatty acids of two strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae of different penicillin susceptibilities were examined. The phospholipids, which comprise about 8% of the dry weight of the cells, consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (70%) and phosphatidylglycerol (20%); small amounts of phosphatidylcholine and traces of cardiolipin were also present. Growing and stationary-phase cells were similar in content and composition of phospholipids except for phosphatidylcholine, which increased two- to fivefold in the stationary-phase cells. The fatty acids of the phospholipids were characterized by two major acids, palmitic and a C16:1, with myristic and a C18:1 acid present in smaller amounts. The fatty acids present in purified phospholipid fractions varied considerably in relative proportions from fraction to fraction. No significant difference in the composition of phospholipids from the two strains was evident. Large amounts of beta-hydroxy lauric acid were detected only after saponification of the organisms. Differences in the lipid composition between the gonococcus and other gram-negative bacteria are discussed.
Analysis of Dual Band Power and Data Telemetry for Biomedical Implants

Inductive coupling is commonly used for wireless power and data transfer in biomedical telemetry systems. To increase data bandwidth while maintaining power transfer efficiency, a multiband telemetry system transmitting power and data using different frequencies has been adopted. However, the power link and data link interact with each other, complicating the operation of both power and data transmission. In this paper, we demonstrate that to achieve high performance data transmission, the cross-coupling between the power coils and data coils have to be taken into consideration. Design equations have been derived and shown that the signal to noise (interference) ratio could be significantly reduced and the resulting data transmission could fail if only the data link coupling is optimized without considering the cross-coupling between the power link and the data link. Design examples have been constructed to demonstrate that there could be more than 30 dB difference in the signal to noise ratio. The analysis has been verified with simulation and measurement results.
Sequential regulation of developmental events during polar morphogenesis in Caulobacter crescentus: assembly of pili on swarmer cells requires cell separation

Pili, along with the flagellum and DNA bacteriophage receptors, are structural markers for polar morphogenesis in Caulobacter crescentus. Pili act as primary receptors for a number of small, C. crescentus-specific DNA and RNA bacteriophages, and the timing of pilus-dependent adsorption of bacteriophage phiCb5 in synchronized cell populations has led to the general conclusion that pili are formed coordinately with the flagellum and other polar surface structures in the predivisional cell. The use of rotary platinum shadow casting and electron microscopy as a direct assay for formation of flagella and pili in synchronous cell cultures now shows, however, that when expressed as fractions of the swarmer cell cycle, flagella are assembled on the predivisional cells at approximately 0.8 and that pili are assembled on the new swarmer cells at approximately 0.1 of the next cell cycle. Adsorption of pilus-specific bacteriophage phiCb5 prevented the loss of pili from swarmer cells during development, which suggests that these structures are retracted at the time of stalk formation. Examination of temperature-sensitive cell division mutants showed that the assembly of pili depends on completion of cell separation. These results indicate that the stage-specific events required for polar morphogenesis in C. crescentus occur sequentially, rather than coordinately in the cell cycle, and that the timing of these events reflects the order of underlying cell cycle steps.
Evaluating impact of human errors on the availability of data storage systems

In this paper, we investigate the effect of incorrect disk replacement service on the availability of data storage systems. To this end, we first conduct Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the availability of disk subsystem by considering disk failures and incorrect disk replacement service. We also propose a Markov model that corroborates the Monte Carlo simulation results. We further extend the proposed model to consider the effect of automatic disk fail-over policy. The results obtained by the proposed model show that overlooking the impact of incorrect disk replacement can result up to three orders of magnitude unavailability underestimation. Moreover, this study suggests that by considering the effect of human errors, the conventional believes about the dependability of different RAID mechanisms should be revised. The results show that in the presence of human errors, RAID1 can result in lower availability compared to RAID5.