Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abuse of combinations of gabapentin and quetiapine.

To the Editor: Medications may be misused, particularly if they produce sedative or anxiolytic effects. We describe misuse of combinations of gabapentin and quetiapine. Case report. A 42-year-old man was admitted to a treatment program after his second arrest for driving under the influence of an unknown substance. He had used marijuana and cocaine but stopped after obtaining employment requiring drug testing. Afterward, he had negative drug screens but sometimes appeared “stoned. ” He had prescriptions for quetiapine and gabapentin and misused these 2 medications together to replace the drugs he had taken. Taking up to 5 tablets of gabapentin 300 mg with 3 to 4 tablets of quetiapine 200 mg simultaneously produced a sensation of sedation and euphoria. His girlfriend was prescribed and also misused gabapentin with quetiapine when she could not afford cocaine, taking 3 to 4 tablets of gabapentin 300 mg with 2 to 3 tablets of quetiapine 200 mg, sometimes with beer. She described similar, although weaker, effects. The couple was acquainted with 3 others who misused the same combination by taking 400–800 mg of quetiapine with 900–1,800 mg of gabapentin. Prescriptions were reportedly obtained by fabrication or exaggeration of symptoms. Tablets were sometimes sold or traded for illicit drugs. Evidence exists for abuse of both gabapentin and quetiapine. Both have been removed from several prison formularies because of abuse by inmates. A woman substituted gabapentin 600–1,500 mg daily for cocaine.1 Florida inmates admitted snorting gabapentin powder for effects reminiscent of cocaine.2 Benzodiazepine-like withdrawal and dependence have been described.3,4 Gabapentin has been misused to potentiate the effect of methadone.5 About 20 cases of gabapentin addiction have been described in Europe.6 There are several reports of oral quetiapine abuse (800–1,200 mg at a time) for sedating and anxiolytic effects.7 Quetiapine powder is sometimes snorted intranasally8; intravenous abuse has also occurred.9 Drug-seeking behavior, compulsive use, diversion, dependence, and withdrawal have been described.10,11 Quetiapine is sometimes called “quell” or “baby heroin” by inmates. Gabapentin inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels and entails an increase in γ-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission, as well as modulation of excitatory amino acids at N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor sites.4 Quetiapine acts as an antagonist at serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A, dopamine D1 and D2, histamine H1, and adrenergic α1 and α2 receptors.7 With the 2 drugs combined, many neuroreceptors are affected, and effects at high doses could be significant. Toxicity may exist for patients taking large amounts of gabapentin and/or quetiapine. Clinicians should exercise vigilance when using either to treat patients who use alcohol or illicit drugs, particularly if gabapentin and quetiapine are prescribed concomitantly.
Adaptive-impulsive synchronization of complex dynamical networks with delays

This paper investigates the adaptive-impulsive synchronization of complex dynamical networks with two types of constant delays. Based on the stability analysis of impulsive control system, sufficient condition for the synchronization is derived and a hybrid controller, namely, an adaptive-feedback controller with impulsive control effects is designed. From another perspective, if the model is considered as a delayed network with pulse interference, then control strategy is only adaptive control. Numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the presented method and the allowed upper bound for the time delays is given for the example.
Transepidermal Water Loss Dynamics of Human Vulvar and Thigh Skin

Refinement in procedures to assess skin surface water loss (SSWL) dynamics of the vulvar skin on a large sample of subjects (60) is described and compared to another semi-occluded skin site, the inner thigh. Vulvar SSWL significantly decreased over a 30-min period from 46.2 ± 2.6 (SE) to 24.7 ± 1.6 g m–2 h (p < 0.001). The inner thigh, another semi-occluded region, showed no similar pattern for SSWL (6.2 ± 0.3 to 6.6 ± 0.5 g m–2 h), and the values were significantly less than those for vulvar skin. There was no significant effect of age, body mass index or atopic status on vulvar SSWL.
Postnatal development of the cholinergic innervation in the dorsal hippocampus of rat: Quantitative light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunocytochemistry was used to examine the distribution and ultrastructural features of the acetylcholine (ACh) innervation in the dorsal hippocampus of postnatal rat. The length of ChAT‐immunostained axons was measured and the number of ChAT‐immunostained varicosities counted, in each layer of CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus, at postnatal ages P8, P16, and P32. At P8, an elaborate network of varicose ChAT‐immunostained axons was already visible. At P16, the laminar distribution of this network resembled that in the adult, but adult densities were reached only by P32. Between P8 and P32, the mean densities for the three regions increased from 8.4 to 14 meters of axons and 2.3 to 5.7 million varicosities per cubic millimeter of tissue. At the three postnatal ages, the ultrastructural features of ChAT‐immunostained axon varicosities from the strata pyramidale and radiatum of CA1 were similar between layers and comparable to those in adult, except for an increasing frequency of mitochondria (up to 41% at P32). The proportion of these profiles displaying a synaptic junction was equally low at all ages, indicating an average synaptic incidence of 7% for whole varicosities, as previously found in adult. The observed junctions were small, usually symmetrical, and made mostly with dendritic branches. These results demonstrate the precocious and rapid maturation of the hippocampal cholinergic innervation and reveal its largely asynaptic nature as soon as it is formed. They emphasize the remarkable growth capacities of individual ACh neurons and substantiate a role for diffuse transmission by ACh during hippocampal development. J. Comp. Neurol. 486:61–75, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia

The negative symptoms have been described in association with schizophrenia since the early days of it being recognized as an entity. However, their elusive nature kept them unacknowledged until there was a revival of interest in them following the development of specific quantifying measures. Over the past three decades, there has been a tremendous surge in research on their types, measurements, status in the present classificatory system, and their implications. The developments in modern investigatory methods have provided the researchers with fresh insights into the underlying mechanisms, and a distributed functioning of the neuronal networks has emerged as the major abnormality. Accordingly, a variety of pharmacological and other treatment modalities have been developed which go beyond the traditional. Nevertheless, a lot remain unanswered. The present paper summarizes important concepts with regard to negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Depression and schizophrenia in hospitalized black and white mental patients.

Project psychiatrists interviewed 192 hospitalized mental patients, ages 20 to 59 years, with a structured mental state examination. Each patient received two diagnoses, one by the hospital and an independent one by the project. According to the hospital diagnoses, race and diagnosis were strongly associated: a diagnosis of schizophrenia rather than affective illness was given more frequently to blacks than whites. According to the project's diagnoses, race and diagnosis were independent. A comparison of the patterns of psychopathology exhibited by blacks and whites confirms the absence of any gross differences in abnormal behavior between them. When comparisons were made specific to depressives, however, blacks were found to have a quality to their depression different from whites.
Bst‐2/HM1.24 Is a Raft‐Associated Apical Membrane Protein with an Unusual Topology

An expression screen of a rat cDNA library for sequences encoding Golgi‐localized integral membrane proteins identified a protein with an apparent novel topology, i.e. with both an N‐terminal transmembrane domain and a C‐terminal glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Our data are consistent with this. Thus, the protein would have a topology that, in mammalian cells, is shared only by a minor, but pathologically important, topological isoform of the prion protein (PrP). The human orthologue of this protein has been described previously (BST‐2 or HM1.24 antigen) as a cell surface molecule that appears to be involved in early pre‐B‐cell development and which is present at elevated levels at the surface of myeloma cells. We show that rat BST‐2/HM1.24 has both a cell surface and an intracellular (juxtanuclear) location and is efficiently internalized from the cell surface. We also show that the cell surface pool of BST‐2/HM1.24 is predominantly present in the apical plasma membrane of polarized cells. The fact that rat BST‐2/HM1.24 apparently possesses a GPI anchor led us to speculate that it might exist in cholesterol‐rich lipid microdomains (lipid rafts) at the plasma membrane. Data from several experiments are consistent with this localization. We present a model in which BST‐2/HM1.24 serves to link adjacent lipid rafts within the plasma membrane.
Design of positive & negative edge triggered D-flip flop using AlGaAs/GaAs MODFET technology

This paper enumerates the design of high speed Positive & Negative edge triggered D flip flops using AlGaAs/GaAs MODFET. This Flip Flops having less number of transistors. It can be efficiently used in VLSI ICs. The verification is done using simulation the proposed Flip Flops appear to have better speed of operation. It is simple and suitable to SPICE simulation of hybrid digital ICs.
Transport Infrastructure, Urban Growth and Market Access in China

This paper quantifies the causal effects of various types of investments in the road and railroad networks on economic growth in Chinese cities and regions. We separate out the influences of changes in access to markets that have come through better inter-regional and international transport links from the more direct effects of transport infrastructure on city level productivity, which may operate through various channels. We find strong evidence that improved integration with nearby markets significantly promoted local growth in China since 1990. In particular, expansions of road infrastructure leading to a 10 percent increase in economic activity within a six hours' travel time led to an estimated 1.4 percent more rapid prefecture GDP growth and 1.1 percent more rapid prefecture city GDP growth. Expansions of road infrastructure leading to a 10 percent increase in population within six hours caused an estimated 1.6 percent increase in prefecture GDP growth and an imprecisely estimated 1.3 percent increase in prefecture city GDP growth. Estimated causal effects of more theoretically grounded measures of market access on local growth are consistent with these effects of more reduced form market potential measures. While we find that improved regional integration promoted local GDP growth in China, we find no significant effects of regional integration on prefecture or city population growth. Instead, we find evidence that improved access to international ports promoted population growth. A 10 percent decline in travel time to an international port caused a 0.6 to 0.7 percent increase in prefecture and city population growth. The context of severe migration restrictions in many cities and policies promoting foreign investment in other cities is important for interpreting these results. Our investigation of the effects of highways and railroads serving prefecture cities is less conclusive. While point estimates tend to be positive, they are generally imprecise. This study innovates on the existing literature about the effects of reduced domestic trade costs on local growth in several ways. First, we consider both highways and railroads. Second we primarily examine cities, rather than rural counties or small towns. Third we examine the effects of transport infrastructure on the growth and redistribution output and population simultaneously, rather than on inferred income or the output of specific commodities. Finally, we examine the responses to various measures of the composition of output in the regions surrounding cities in various distance and travel time bands. Critical to this evaluation is the use of pseudo-random variation in the allocation of transport networks to cities and their surrounding regions.
Characterization of the CD154-Positive and CD40-Positive Cellular Subsets Required for Pathogenesis in Retrovirus-Induced Murine Immunodeficiency

ABSTRACT Genetically susceptible C57BL/6 (B6) mice that are infected with the LP-BM5 isolate of murine retroviruses develop profound splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, hypergammaglobulinemia, terminal B-cell lymphomas, and an immunodeficiency state bearing many similarities to the pathologies seen in AIDS. Because of these similarities, this syndrome has been called murine AIDS (MAIDS). We have previously shown that CD154 (CD40 ligand)-CD40 molecular interactions are required both for the initiation and progression of MAIDS. Thus, in vivo anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody (MAb) treatment inhibited MAIDS symptoms in LP-BM5-infected wild-type mice when either a short course of anti-CD154 MAb treatment was started on the day of infection or a course was initiated 3 to 4 weeks after LP-BM5 administration, after disease was established. Here, we further characterize this required CD154-CD40 interaction by a series of adoptive transfer experiments designed to elucidate which cellular subsets must express CD154 or CD40 for LP-BM5 to induce MAIDS. Specifically with regard to CD154 expression, MAIDS-insusceptible B6 nude mice reconstituted with highly purified CD4+ T cells from wild-type, but not from CD154 knockout, B6 donors displayed clear MAIDS after LP-BM5 infection. In contrast, nude B6 recipients that received CD8+ T cells from wild-type B6 donors did not develop MAIDS after LP-BM5 infection. B6 CD40 knockout mice, which are also relatively resistant to LP-BM5-induced MAIDS, became susceptible to LP-BM5-induced disease after reconstitution with highly purified wild-type B cells but not after receiving purified wild-type dendritic cells (DC) or a combined CD40+ population composed of DC and macrophages obtained from B6 SCID mouse donors. Based on these and other experiments, we thus conclude that the cellular basis for the requirement for CD154-CD40 interactions for MAIDS induction and progression can be accounted for by CD154 expression on CD4+ T cells and CD40 expression on B cells.
A Latent Implementation Error Detection Method for Software Validation

Model checking and conformance testing play an important role in software system design and implementation. From the view of integrating model checking and conformance testing into a tightly coupled validation approach, this paper presents a novel approach to detect latent errors in software implementation. The latent errors can be classified into two kinds, one is called as Unnecessary Implementation Trace, and the other is called as Neglected Implementation Trace. The method complements the incompleteness of security properties for software model checking. More accurate models are characterized to leverage the effectiveness of the model-based software verification and testing combined method.
Les inhibiteurs "suicides" des Cytochromes P450: Etablissement d'une banque de données, mise au point d'un test de screening et étudesstructures-activité concernant des substrats furaniques du CYP 3A4.

L'inhibition des cytochromes P450 (CYPs) humains est l'un des mecanismes les plus frequents a l'origine d'interactions medicamenteuses. L'inhibition des CYPs peut etre reversible ouirreversible. L'inhibition irreversible provient souvent de l'activation d'un medicament, par action des CYPs, en metabolite reactif qui se lie stablement au site actif de l'enzyme, provoquant une inactivation permanente. Ce processus est appele « inhibition suicide ». L'inhibition irreversible implique souvent la formation d'une liaison covalente entre le metabolite et l'enzyme, qui cree une proteine haptenisee qui peut, dans certains cas, provoquer une reponse auto-immunitaire.Il est donc important d'etudier les mecanismes d'inhibition des CYPs par de nouvelles molecules a visees therapeutiques le plus tot possible dans leur processus de developpement.Dans cette these on propose une strategie pour eviter le developpement de medicaments quipourraient provoquer l'inhibition suicide des CYPs dans les patients.1) Apres compilation de la litterature, on a cree une base de donnees de toutes les molecules responsables d'inhibition suicide des CYPs. Cette base met en evidence les structures les plussouvent responsables de l'inactivation et permet de donner une alerte pour une structure nouvelle.2) On a mis au point et valide une nouvelle methode fluorimetrique, pour determiner quantitativement l'inhibition dependant du temps du CYP3A4, utilisable a moyen debit. Grâce a cet outil, on a etabli des relations structure-activite pour un groupe de composes furaniquesdifferemment substitues.3) Deux composes de cette serie, qui montraient une inhibition suicide nette du CYP3A4 ont ete etudies plus completement a l'aide de molecules radiomarquees au 14C. Ces molecules sontactivees en intermediaires reactifs capables de se fixer de facon covalente aux proteines. Leur metabolisme a ete partiellement analyse.
Bedrohungsanalyse des IEEE 802.11s Standards für drahtlose Mesh-Netze und ausgewählte Sicherheitsmechanismen zur Bedrohungsabwehr

Daniel Seither studiert Informatik an der Technischen Universität Darmstadt mit Schwerpunkten in den Bereichen Netze und IT-Sicherheit. Seinen Bachelorabschluss erwarb er im Frühjahr 2009; die Bachelorarbeit betrachtete die analytische Modellierung eines Sicherheitsmechanismus für Ad-hoc-Netze. Daniel Seither arbeitet seit 2009 als Forschungsstudent im Fachgebiet Multimedia Kommunication (KOM). Im Moment verfasst er seine Masterarbeit zum Thema „Sicherheit in Mesh-Netzen nach IEEE 802.11s“.
Smoking and the Risk of Lung Cancer: Susceptibility with GSTP1 Polymorphisms

Background: GSTP1 is a gene that helps detoxify foreign substances in the body. Functional polymorphisms of GSTP1 have been studied as risk factors for lung cancer. Past studies have compared the effect of the “at risk” polymorphism in two strata of smoking pack-years (usually defined by the median among controls). We examined the interaction between GSTP1 polymorphisms and cumulative exposure to smoking and their association with lung cancer risk. Methods: Data are from a large hospital-based case–control study of persons treated for primary lung cancer at the Massachusetts General Hospital since 1992. Controls were drawn from friends and nonrelated family members. We genotyped 1,042 cases and 1,161 controls for GSTP1 using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. Findings: The GSTP1 GG genotype approximately doubled the lung cancer risk associated with pack-years. This interaction was stronger among current smokers. At 26 pack-years (median among controls with a smoking history), the adjusted odds ratio for the association between pack-years and lung cancer risk was 13 (95% confidence interval = 6.5–25) among current smokers with the GSTP1 GG genotype compared with 6.1 (95% confidence interval = 4.9–7.5) among those with the GSTP1 AA genotype Conclusions: GSTP1 GG increases the lung cancer risk associated with pack-years of smoking.
Defense Styles That are Related with History of Self-Mutilation and Suicide Attempt in Alcohol Dependent Inpatients

Defense styles that are related with history of self-mutilation and suicide attempt in alcohol dependent inpatients Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of defense styles with history of selfmutilation (SM) and suicide attempt (SA) in alcohol dependent inpatients. Method: Participants were consecutively admitted 118 male alcohol dependent inpatients. Patients were investigated with the Self-Mutilative Behavior Questionnaire (SMBQ) and the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). Results: Acting-out was higher in alcohol dependent patients with a history of SM (n=53, 44.92%) and predicted SM in this group, together with being younger. On the other hand, sublimation, anticipation and suppression (and total mature defense style score) were lower in alcohol dependent patients with suicide attempt history (n=31, 28.44%), but only low anticipation predicted suicide attempt history in this group together with being younger. Conclusion: These results show that to reduce self-mutilative behaviors and SAs among young alcohol dependent inpatients, therapies should focus on increasing the use of mature defense styles and decreasing the use of immature defense styles.
Stat3 Recruitment by Two Distinct Ligand-induced, Tyrosine-phosphorylated Docking Sites in the Interleukin-10 Receptor Intracellular Domain*

Recent work has shown that IL-10 induces activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. To define the mechanism underlying signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein recruitment to the interleukin 10 (IL-10) receptor, the STAT proteins activated by IL-10 in different cell populations were first defined using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In all cells tested, IL-10 activated Stat1 and Stat3 and induced the formation of three distinct DNA binding complexes that contained different combinations of these two transcription factors. IL-10 also activated Stat5 in Ba/F3 cells that stably expressed the murine IL-10 receptor. Using a structure-function mutagenesis approach, two tyrosine residues (Tyr427 and Tyr477) in the intracellular domain of the murine IL-10 receptor were found to be redundantly required for receptor function and for activation of Stat3 but not for Stat1 or Stat5. Twelve amino acid peptides encompassing either of these two tyrosine residues in phosphorylated form coprecipitated Stat3 but not Stat1 and blocked IL-10-induced Stat3 phosphorylation in a cell-free system. In contrast, tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides containing Tyr374 or Tyr396 did not interact with Stat3 or block Stat3 activation. These data demonstrate that Stat3 but not Stat1 or Stat5 is directly recruited to the ligand-activated IL-10 receptor by binding to specific but redundant receptor intracellular domain sequences containing phosphotyrosine. This study thus supports the concept that utilization of distinct STAT proteins by different cytokine receptors is dependent on the expression of particular ligand-activatable, tyrosine-containing STAT docking sites in receptor intracellular domains.
A ferrite leaky-wave beam scanning antenna based on NRD waveguide

In this paper, a kind of leaky-wave beam scanning antenna based on NRD waveguide was studied. The structure of NRD waveguide is changed by replacing dielectric strip with magnetic biased ferrite material. Radiation is formed slotting one of the metallic plates sandwich the ferrite strip. When the biased magnetic is turned, the beam can sweep in the NRD propagation plate.