Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rendering Discrete Participating Media with Geometrical Optics Approximation

We consider the scattering of light in participating media composed of sparsely and randomly distributed discrete particles. The particle size is expected to range from the scale of the wavelength to the scale several orders of magnitude greater than the wavelength, and the appearance shows distinct graininess as opposed to the smooth appearance of continuous media. One fundamental issue in physically-based synthesizing this appearance is to determine necessary optical properties in every local region. Since these optical properties vary spatially, we resort to geometrical optics approximation (GOA), a highly efficient alternative to rigorous Lorenz-Mie theory, to quantitatively represent the scattering of a single particle. This enables us to quickly compute bulk optical properties according to any particle size distribution. Then, we propose a practical Monte Carlo rendering solution to solve the transfer of energy in discrete participating media. Results show that for the first time our proposed framework can simulate a wide range of discrete participating media with different levels of graininess and converges to continuous media as the particle concentration increases.
Open source ELMER software based FEM modeling of waveguides and resonant cavities for microwave heating and drying devices

: Microwave devices are widely used in the industry and in the specialized labo-ratory analyses. Development of such devices requires the possibility of modeling of microwave energy distribution in the specific resonant chambers. Until now, such modeling was possible only with the use of commercial software or was limited to specific cases. The paper presents an open-source module for ELMER software for solving time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations, allowing modeling of microwave waveguide lines. Three test cases of different resonant chambers are investigated at 2.45 GHz frequency. Modeling results obtained from the open-source ELMER Vectorial Helmholtz module show that the application of this software can be effective in R&D works, enabling high-tech small and medium enterprises involvement in advanced microwave technology.
Use of radioguided surgery technique for the treatment of thyroid cancer recurrence: clinical, surgical and anatomopathological aspects

Financial support: None. Conflicts of interest: No conflicts of interest declared concerning the publication of this article. Submitted: May 14, 2020. Accepted: May 23, 2020. Study carried out at Núcleo Integrado de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço (NICAP), Centro Diagnóstico Otorrinolaringológico (CDO), IMP Laboratório Médico, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil. Abstract Introduction: Surgery is the treatment of choice in locoregional thyroid neoplasia recurrence. The intense tissue healing process observed after surgery changes the neck anatomy, makes reoperation difficult, and interferes with surgical success. The use of the Radioguided Occult Lesion Localization (ROLL) technique has become a viable option to localize thyroid tumors. Objective: To analyze the use of the ROLL technique for the treatment of thyroid cancer recurrence with respect to its clinical, surgical and anatomopathological aspects. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study that analyzed 56 medical records and anatomopathological examinations of patients of both sexes who had thyroid neoplasms, underwent previous surgeries on this topography, and were submitted to the ROLL technique for recurrence removal from March 2011 to March 2019. Results: Most patients were women aged 46.05 years, on average. Papillary thyroid neoplasm was the most prevalent histological finding. In 100% of the cases, application of the ROLL technique identified and removed the lesions marked with suspicion for malignancy. Conclusion: Radioguided surgery has proved to be a very effective and safe tool to assist with lesion localization for the treatment of thyroid cancer recurrence. This technique has brought no additional side effects to patients, required minimal radiation and made surgery less invasive, reducing postoperative complication rates.
Verification of the time evolution of precipitation systems in numerical weather forecasts

Precipitating weather systems have life cycles involving formation, evolution, and decay. These systems can translate across spatial regions spanning 1000's of km. Climate scientists, numerical modelers, and operational hydro-meteorologists are especially interested in understanding how the characteristics of precipitation systems change over space and time. For example, a topic of current interest is whether global climate change can be observed in the changing characteristics of precipitating weather systems. In addition, there are many outstanding questions regarding the ability of numerical weather prediction systems to predict realistic weather events that translate and evolve over time and space that could be addressed with appropriate forecast evaluation methods. For example, do state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction models accurately predict temporal changes in the morphological characteristics of convective precipitation systems? In order to answer these types of questions, automated techniques of identifying and tracking individual weather systems must be developed and applied to forecast and observed data, and methods of comparing forecasts and observations of time-varying features must be developed. This paper will focus on the problem of developing a framework for the comparison of meteorological features that evolve with time. Since weather systems typically evolve and translate in space and time, explicit analysis of their characteristics requires a feature-based or “object-oriented” approach. Such an approach involves identification of the precipitating weather system of interest and measurement of appropriate characteristics of each system. Individual systems within the forecast and observed data must be tracked over time, which involves issues of determining the beginning and ending of specific events. Issues related to comparing predicted and observed weather events must also be addressed, as well as the problem of comparing forecast and observed events with unequal lifetimes.
Do Financial Concerns Make Workers Less Productive?

We test whether increasing cash-on-hand raises the productivity of poor workers. Our motivation is psychological. Concerns about money can create mental burdens such as worry, stress, or sadness. These in turn could interfere with the ability to work effectively. We empirically test for this possibility using a field experiment with piece-rate manufacturing workers in India. We randomize the timing of income receipt, so that on a given day some workers have more cash-on-hand than others. This manipulation holds constant wages and piece rates, as well as human and physical capital. On cash-rich days, average productivity increases by 0.11 standard deviations (6.2%); this effect is concentrated among relatively poorer workers. Mistakes also decline on these days — an effect that is again concentrated among poorer workers. Having more cash-on-hand thus enables workers to work faster while making fewer errors, suggesting improved cognition. We argue that mechanisms such as gift exchange, trust, and nutrition cannot account for our findings. Instead, our results suggest a range of psychological mechanisms wherein alleviating financial concerns allows workers to be more attentive and productive at work.
Three-dimensional DNS of vortex-induced vibrations of an inclined flexible cylinder near a plane boundary

Vortex-induced vibrations of an inclined flexible cylinder at Ren = 500 near a plane boundary are numerically investigated to examine the influence of the yaw angle () on structural vibrations, flow patterns, hydrodynamic forces, and IP (Independence Principle) validity. The cylinder with an aspect ratio of 25 is pinned-pinned at both ends and free to oscillate in the in-line and cross-flow directions. Simulations are carried out at a fixed gap ratio G/D = 0.8 and five  values ranging from 0 to 60 with an increment of 15. The vortex-shedding pattern varies in different  case, i.e., the parallel vortex shedding pattern (  15) and the oblique vortex shedding pattern (  30). In the oblique vortex shedding pattern, the inclination direction of the spanwise vortex rows is opposite to that of the stationary cylinder case. Both the in-line and cross-flow vibration amplitudes are symmetric to the mid-span at different . The RMS lift coefficients CL,rms exhibits asymmetry along the span in the inclined case. The IP is well followed in predicting the vibration amplitudes and the in-line fluid forces when α ≤ 45° while IP is invalid in predicting the cross-flow fluid forces when α ≥ 30°. The vortex-shedding and vibration frequencies are well predicted in all inclined cases.
Investigation on the influence of the incidence angle on the reflectorless distance measurement of a terrestrial laser scanner

Although the influence of incidence angle (IA) is one of the known error influences of terrestrial laser scanners (TLS), it is not taken into account in the evaluation of TLS-data. In this paper the fundamental question is discussed, how the IA influences the TLS-distances, if the uncertainty is of stochastic or of systematic nature or of a combination of both. For this purpose, a new methodology has been developed. Its special feature is that the directly measured TLS-distances are compared with reference distances. It can be applied for close range and for longer distances. The methodology was realised with a time of flight laser scanner. At close range of 3.5 to 5.2 m other error effects up to 4.4 mm are more pronounced than the influence of IA. At the distance of about 30 m, a systematic effect of IA was found. The total variation of the distance difference with IA is of ca. 2.0 mm. The stochastic properties of the influence of IA could not be quantified. In future works the methodology will be improved with respect to the obtained knowledge in order to quantify the error influence completely.
A New Approach Towards Integration of Multi-frequency, Multi-voltage Intertied Hybrid Power System

Received: 7 January 2020 Accepted: 15 April 2020 Intertied hybrid power system comprises of multi-frequency, multi-voltage individual hybrid power system (HPS). The benefit of intertied HPS includes reduced reserve capacity, improved voltage & frequency regulation, and flexibility in operating voltage & frequency. These benefits can be attained by a suitably designed power management scheme. There are many methods available to manage the power in stand-alone intertied HPS, out of them conventional droop control is simple and popular method, although it has limitations in terms of overlooking system capacity and deviation of voltage & frequency with sudden impact of loads. This necessitates an adaptive power sharing method which should cope with the coordinated deviation in voltage and frequency. Therefore coordinated droop control for multi-frequency, multi-voltage intertied HPS is proposed in this work. In proposed control scheme a correction factor with respect to system capacity and critical load capacity is integrated to achieve coordinated deviation in voltage and frequency which conquer the limitations of conventional method.
chemo- and radiosensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as well as reliable biomarkers for predicting recurrence and metastasis would be desirable to improve the prognosis of HNSCC

Identifying the key molecules that enhance chemoand radiosensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as well as reliable biomarkers for predicting recurrence and metastasis would be desirable to improve the prognosis of HNSCC. Previously, we have reported that Regenerating gene III (REG III) expression was associated with an improved survival rate for patients with HNSCC. In addition, resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) significantly increased REG III expression in HNSCC cells, and significantly inhibited cell growth, enhanced chemo‐ and radiosensitivity, and blocked the cancer invasion of HNSCC cells in vitro. In the present study, the effect of resveratrol on cancer progression in HNSCC was investigated in vivo using a xenograft nude mouse model. The results revealed that resveratrol increased the mRNA level of REG III in vivo, which was in agreement with our previous in vitro findings. Furthermore, REG III increased the antitumor effect of radiation or cisplatin in vivo, and resveratrol sensitized HNSCC to irradiation and cisplatin in vivo. These results indicated that resveratrol could increase the efficacy of cisplatin and irradiation through the REG III expression pathway, resulting in the inhibition of HNSCC progression in vivo.
Computer Science in the Management of Operating Theatres: A Challenge for Sub-Saharan Anaesthetists and Resuscitation Medical Doctors

Introduction: Anesthetists and resuscitation doctors often coordinate the management of operating theaters. Information systems that are an importants tools for operating theatre management are not commonly used in Senegal. The objective of this study is to evaluate the contribution of computer sciences in improving the management and quality of care in the operating theatre. Material and Method: Prospective evaluation over one year of the quality of the standardized discharge summaries (anaesthetic and surgical protocols) provided by the SIMENS software based on the analysis of a Hospital Information System (HIS) use indicators: comprehensiveness, completeness, and validity. Results: The overall comprehensiveness on the use of the Information System (IS) in the Operative Room (OR) was 89%, the completeness of the fields was optimal in 96.6% of the cases for the operating protocols and in 80% of the cases for the anesthetic protocols. 64% of the anesthetic protocols were considered valid compared to 73.3% validity for the surgical protocols. Discussion/Conclusion: The computerization of operating theatres is a long-term process and will ultimately improve the quality of care by having an impact on quality management. Improving the indicators of practical use of an IS in the operating theatre (comprehensiveness, completeness and validity of RSS) requires good involvement of all actors of the theatre environment. The benefits of computerization would be more relevant once the services associated with the operating theatre (hospital services, stretcher-boarding, etc.) are connected to the computer system, but also by automating the input of information to be included in anaesthetic and surgical protocols.
Mesh independent superlinear convergence of the conjugate gradient method for discretized linear elliptic systems

The conjugate gradient method is a widespread method for solving symmetric linear equations, mainly by using some preconditioner operators a description can be found in [1]. Superlinear convergence has been proved for operator equations where the operator is a compact perturbation of the identity (see in [9]), mesh independence results had been proved in [5]. Our aim is to extend these results, so that we shall prove this property for some elliptic partial differential systems. First we consider an abstract problem, with the superlinear mesh independent convergence property, proved in [5]. In the following section we consider an elliptic partial differential system and we prove that it has an abstract form that is discussed in Section 2. In the next section we state the main mesh independence results and finally we give a numerical solution method, actually finite element method, and we give our results on the testing of the proved theoretical results, with code written in Matlab.
REPEATABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE MEASUREMENTS MADE ON TOOLMAKERS MICROSCOPE

Urgency of the research. There are several problems with resulting of measurement result related to validity and repeatability of measurement device. Toolmaker microscope has been verified for these characteristics. Target setting. Toolmakers microscope is as target device which is currently used for fast testing of manufactured prototype. Currently, it is necessary to know information about repeatability and validity of obtained results. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Producer did not provide the maximum permissible error MPE, so the aim of this work was to establish the actual MPE for this microscope. Also there is no mention about repeatability of this machine. Normally in accordance with standards, it is required to express results with also with measurement error or uncertainty of measurement. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The main problem is with expressing of validity and repeatability of measurement process. The minimum number of measurement has been established and also maximum permissible error has been identified. Producer provides own microscope etalon as calibration ruler and multiscale micrometer glass slide for microscope. The question of the validity of these etalons are uninvestigated, because the next research will be focused to this problem. The research objective. Too log measurement process will unnecessarily over-price overall costs for measurement process. But insufficient number of measurements will decrease accuracy of measurement and overall uncertainty of measurement. Verification process of microscope has been executed for obtaining the information about maximum error of microscope. This information is also necessary for balance of the uncertainty of measurement made on this microscope. The statement of basic materials. The probability distribution of measured values and number of minimum required number of measurement has been obtained from mentioned analysis. Conclusions. Validity and repeatability of measurement device bring the information how we can believe to measurement process with specified measurement device. Every measurement device should be verified for these metrological properties. Repeatability obtained for examined microscope shows information about the number of measurement needed for effective measurement from the viewpoint of optimized inaccuracy and also from the viewpoint of economic costs. Measurement process is very expensive, so it is necessary to do economy optimization because of ability to be competitive on the market.
Extending UML Use Case Diagrams to Represent Non-Interactive Functional Requirements

Background: The comprehensive representation of functional requirements is a crucial activity in the analysis phase of the software development life cycle. Representation of a complete set of functional requirements helps in tracing business goals eﬀectively throughout the development life cycle. Use case modelling is one of the most widely-used methods to represent and document functional requirements of the system. Practitioners exploit use case modelling to represent interactive functional requirements of the system while overlooking some of the non-interactive functional requirements. The non-interactive functional requirements are the ones which are performed by the system without an initiation by the user, for instance, notifying something to the user or creating an internal backup. Aim: This paper addresses the representation of non-interactive requirements along with interactive ones (use cases) in one model. This paper calls such requirements ‘operation cases’ and proposes a new set of graphical and textual notations to represent them. Method: The proposed notations have been applied on a case study and have also been empirically evaluated to demonstrate the eﬀectiveness of the new notations in capturing non-interactive functional requirements. Results and Conclusion: The results of the evaluation indicate that the representation of operation cases helps in documenting a complete set of functional requirements, which ultimately results in a comprehensive translation of requirements into design.
Further Studies on the Mechanism of Interaction of Polyphenols, Oxygen, and Sulfite in Wine

Further evidence is presented that Fe in association with Cu is an essential catalyst in oxidative processes of wine. The model polyphenol, 4-methylcatechol (4-MeC), is shown not to react with oxygen at a significant rate without addition of these metals in model wine. Similarly, sulfite autoxidation, which is a radical chain reaction, is demonstrated to dependent on these metals. However, the free radical scavenging activity of polyphenols prevents free radical chain propagation, so that sulfite cannot react with oxygen directly but with the hydrogen peroxide that is produced when polyphenols are oxidized. The Fe-catalyzed autoxidation of (+)-catechin is markedly accelerated by Cu, which it is proposed facilitates the redox cycling of Fe. The addition of these metals to wine accelerates the reaction with oxygen, while their removal with potassium ferrocyanide slows oxidation and in white wine can prevent it entirely. In the autoxidation of (+)-catechin in model wine, the rate of reaction of SO 2 depends on (+)-catechin concentration and is faster when (−)-epicatechin is oxidized. The dependence of the rate of reaction of SO 2 on the catechol is further evidence that SO 2 is reacting with the hydrogen peroxide it produces. However, by measuring the changes in concentration of (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin when oxidized, it is evident that sulfite largely reduces the quinones back to the original catechol. With (+)-catechin, sulfite and benzenesulfinic acid markedly accelerate oxygen consumption, indicating that the rate of oxidation of polyphenols depends on nucleophiles, which by reacting with quinones displace the reversible catechol-iron redox interaction to drive the overall process forward.
Field Valida on of a Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensor Using a Distributed Sensor Network

With con nued refi nement in land surface model resolu on the need for accurate and con nuous soil moisture datasets at intermediate spa al scales has become cri cal for improved meteorological and hydrological predic on. The current availability of such data is inadequate. Here, we present a comparison of two datasets that provide average soil moisture over an area hundreds of meters squared in a dryland ecosystem in southern Arizona. One dataset is from a high-resolu on soil moisture network of 180 me-domain transmission probes; the other is from a cosmic-ray neutron sensor placed at the center of the study area. We fi nd the cosmic-ray neutron counts correlate well with spa ally averaged point measurements of soil moisture over a 6-mo period with an RMSE of 0.0165 m3 m−3 and percent error of less than 20%. Neutron transport simula ons suggest our understanding of the eff ec ve sensor depth in the presence of ver cal varia ons in water content is adequate. We fi nd that daily evapotranspira on water fl uxes inferred from cosmic-ray measurements agree with previously published eddy-covariance measured values at the study site, sugges ng that the cosmic-ray neutron sensor may be able to provide fl ux measurements of the near surface at intermediate spa al scales.
S0884291420002344jrv 2249..2259

deposition in turboshaft engines Luis G. Bravo1,a) , Nishan Jain2 , Prashant Khare3, Muthuvel Murugan1, Anindya Ghoshal1, Alison Flatau2 US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, USA Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: luis.g. bravorobles.civ@mail.mil Received: 17 April 2020; accepted: 5 August 2020