Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Note-Taking More Effective with a Keyboard or a Pen?

As the educational system attempts to incorporate technology into the daily regimen, controversy over technology’s impact has escalated amongst students and teachers. This study researched the impact of longhand versus typed notetaking medium on test performance. Past research has discovered that longhand note taking of a video lecture outperforms typing notes for conceptual test questions (Mueller & Oppenheimer, 2014). In Experiment 1, the purpose was to examine how longhand note taking compares to typing notes from a textbook passage, and also the effects of taking notes versus only receiving notes to review. The participants read a textbook passage and either took longhand, laptop, or no notes of the passage. Before taking the posttest, participants reviewed notes they created, or received from past participants. A surprising result occurred in which all subjects had similar factual and conceptual test performance, regardless of the note-taking medium. Experiment 2 was later created to examine if taking or receiving notes had any effect on test improvement, by having a no-note control group only read the passage. Even though this group did not create or receive notes, there was no difference in test scores compared to subjects who created notes, implying that test improvement was mainly due to reading the passage. However, subjects who received typed notes had a higher factual test performance than the control group, which signifies the value of receiving verbatim notes for learning factual information.
The importance of role distribution in working groups : an evaluation of two different groups working in the same environment based on self-evaluation and observer-reported data by the use of SPGR-Systematizing the Person Group Relation

The present thesis examines personal and group relations. Two groups served as the study context: one group of doctors and one group of nurses. SPGR – Systematizing the Person Group Relation – was used as a framework. SPGR is a theory on how behaviour and relations develop in groups and organizations. The purpose of the study was to investigate typical tendencies in groups to identify the prevailing functions based on the formative SPGR dimensions Nurture, Dependency, Control and Opposition. Group sessions were held on two occasions, with both sessions being videotaped. The results were based on both self-reporting data and observer-reported data. The findings were that the nurses tended to be more caring than the doctors, in addition to the nurses having a more even role distribution than the doctors. The doctors tended to have a more distinct hierarchy in the group than the nurses. The findings in this thesis support existing theories.
COMPARISON OF DEPRESSION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT FOOT WOUND

Introduction: Long-term complications of diabetes leads to physical and mental weakness and reduce their quality of life. One of the complications is the chronic wounds of extremities. Because of its outcome, patient’s adaptation can be reduced. The aim of this study was to compare depression between diabetic patients with and without foot wounds. Materials and methods: The comparative-descriptive study was performed on diabetic patients with and without foot wounds that admitted to the hospitals in Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2014. 100 patients with chronic wounds and 100 patients without the wounds was recruited by available sampling method for the study. We employed the “Demographic and clinical” and "Beck depression" questionnaires for gathering the data. The study data were analyzed by independent t and Chi-square tests using the SPSS (version 13) statistical software. Results: Mean and standard deviation of age in patient with and without chronic wound was 52.1±3.9 and 51.5±4.1 years, respectively. Depressive score of patient with and without chronic wound was also 25.6±9.5 and 8.7±2.1, respectively. Depression score of patient with underlying disease was higher than patients without underlying disease. The depression score rises with age. The depression scores were similar in both male and female gender. Conclusion: The depression in patient with chronic wounds was higher than patient without the wounds. Also, depression in patients with underlying disease and older age, rises.
Science with the re-baselined European Extremely Large Telescope

The modifications to the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) baseline design were accompanied by an evaluation of their impact on science. We will present the conclusions of this evaluation. The Design Reference Mission served as the benchmark for the evaluation. None of the modifications critically affect the Science Case. In particular, the full instrumentation suite can still be implemented allowing for the full foreseen suite of science cases. The largest impact is induced by the reduced diameter. For a large fraction of the science cases this can be offset by increasing the exposure times by ~20% to 34%. Where spatial resolution is the limiting factor, the limits have to be reduced by 9%. The exoplanet case deserves a special mention: two of the three components of this case (detection of Earth twins by the radial velocity method, and characterisation of the atmospheres of transiting planets) are unaffected; for the third component (direct imaging of Earth-like planets) the same results as for the original baseline can be achieved, but only at 20% smaller distances. Overall, all of the major science cases of the E-ELT can essentially be maintained.
Cultural and Geolocation Aspects of Communication in Twitter

Web applications exploit user information from social networks and online user activities to facilitate interaction and create an enhanced user experience. Due to privacy issues however, it might be di � cult to extract user data from social network, in particular location data. For instance, information on user location depends on users’ agreement to share own geographic data. Instead of directly collecting personal user information, we aim to infer user preferences by detecting behavior patterns from publicly available micro blogging content and users’ followers’ network. With statistical and machine-learning methods, we employ Twitter-speciﬁc features to predict country origin of users on Twitter with an accuracy of more than 90% for users from the most active countries. We further investigate users’ interpersonal communication with their followers. Our ﬁndings reveal that belonging to a particular cultural group is playing an important role in increasing users responses to their friends. The knowledge on user cultural origins thus could provide a di ↵ erentiated state-of-the-art user experience in microblogs, for instance, in friend recommendation scenario.
Modeling Noise in a Framework to Optimize the Detection of Anomalies in Hyperspectral Imaging

Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) has emerged as a valuable tool supporting numerous military and commercial missions. Environmental and other effects diminish HSI classification accuracy. Thus there is a desire to create robust classifiers that perform well in all possible environments. Robust parameter design (RPD) techniques have been applied to determine optimal operating settings. Previous RPD efforts considered an HSI image as categorical noise. This paper presents a novel method utilizing discrete and continuous image characteristics as representations of the noise present. Specifically, the number of clusters, fisher ratio and percent of target pixels were used to generate image training and test sets. Replacing categorical noise with the new image characteristics improves RPD results by correctly accounting for significant terms in the regression model that were otherwise considered categorical factors. Further, traditional RPD assumptions of independent noise variables are invalid for the selected HSI images. Introduction: Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) has emerged as a valuable tool supporting numerous military and commercial missions including counter concealment, camouflage and deception, combat search and rescue, counter narcotics, cartography and meteorology to name a few (Manolakis (2002); Landgrebe (2003)). A hyperspectral image, also called an image cube, consists of k spectral bands of an m by n spatial pixel representation of a sensed area. Each pixel in the spectral dimension represents an intensity of energy reflected back to the sensor. All spectral dimensions for a given pixel represent a potential target signature. HSI, by its very nature, can provide a method for identifying at most (n 1) unique spectral signals, where n is the number of independent bands in an HSI image cube. This is (n 1) rather than n because one band is used to define the background or noise present in an image. Since HSI contains typically hundreds of bands, this number of signals or targets for classification can be large although bands affected by atmospheric absorption contain little useful information and must be removed and bands that are close to each other are typically correlated. Davis (2009) describes some pitfalls when performing target classification on hyperspectral images. For instance, the spectral library will most often not contain every possible object, manmade or other to be classified. Some objects may be concealed or disguised to make the spectral signature different from what is contained in the library. In addition, environmental effects such as time of day, relative humidity and imaging angle greatly impact the data reflectance values observed by a sensor. Finally, target prior probabilities can be very small in comparison to the number of pixels being considered.
Performance Evaluation of Space Time Trellis Code by Simulation in MATLAB

In this paper, to evaluate the performance of space-time trellis code we calculate pairwise error probability (PEP) expressions. We then use these PEP expressions to calculate union bounds on the performance of space-time trellis codes. A MATLAB based approach is proposed and implemented to evaluate and compare performance of 4-psk with different transmitting and receiving antennas. The performance of STTC codes is evaluated by giving the performance as a function of SNR against frame error rate (FER). Keywords: Space-time trellis coding; pairwise error probability; diversity; multiple transmit antenna; frame-error rate; outage capacity
Switching strategy between HP- and LPEGR systems for reduced fuel consumption and emissions

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) plays a major role in current Diesel internal combustion engines as a cost-effective solution to reduce NOx emissions. EGR systems will suffer a significant evolution with the introduction of NOx after-treatment and the proliferation of more complex EGR architectures such as low pressure EGR or dual EGR. In this paper the combination of high pressure EGR (HPEGR) with low pressure EGR (LPEGR) is presented as a method to minimise fuel consumption with reduced NOx emissions. Particularly, the paper proposes to switch between HPEGR and LPEGR architectures depending on the engine operating conditions in order to exploit the potential of both systems. In this sense, given a driving cycle, in the case at hand the NEDC, the proposed strategy seeks the EGR layout to use at each instant of the cycle to minimise the fuel consumption such that NOx emissions are kept below a certain limit. The experimental results obtained show that combining both EGR systems sequentially along the NEDC allows to reduce noticeably the NOx emissions of the HPEGR system with a small impact on the fuel consumption. c © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Longitudinal Variation of the Stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation

The longitudinal dependence of interannual variations of tropical stratospheric wind is examined in a detailed general circulation model simulation and in the limited observations available. A version of the SKYHI model is run with an imposed zonally symmetric zonal momentum source that forces the zonal-mean zonal wind evolution in the tropical stratosphere to be close to an estimate of the observed zonal wind based on radiosonde observations at Singapore during the period 1978‐99. This amounts to a kind of simple assimilation model in which only the zonal-mean wind field in the tropical stratosphere is assimilated, and other quantities are allowed to vary freely. A total of five experiments were run, one covering the full 1978‐99 period and four for 1989‐99. The results at and above about 30 hPa are fairly simple to characterize. When the zonal-mean wind near the equator at a particular level is easterly, the monthly mean wind has only very small zonal contrasts. When mean westerlies are present near the equator, significant zonal asymmetries occur at low latitudes, most notably easterly anomalies over South America and westerly anomalies in the eastern Pacific region. These anomalies generally display a continuous meridional phase propagation with the extratropical quasi-stationary eddy field in the winter hemisphere. The net result is a significantly weaker peak-to-peak amplitude of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in zonal wind over the South American sector than over the rest of the equatorial band. The zonal contrast in QBO amplitude near 10 hPa exceeds 10%. In the lower stratosphere the zonal asymmetries in the prevailing wind are fairly small. Asymmetries seem to reflect the upward extension of the tropospheric Walker circulation, and are less strongly modulated by the quasi-biennial oscillation in zonal-mean circulation. The model results were checked against limited station observations at Nairobi (1.38S, 36.78E), Singapore (1.48N, 103.98E), Rochambeau (4.88N, 52.48W), and Bogota (4.78N, 74.18W). Overall reasonable agreement was found between the monthly mean zonal winds in the model simulation and these station data. The low-latitude wind field in monthly mean NCEP gridded analyses was also examined. These analyses have some obviously unrealistic features in the tropical stratosphere, but some of the behavior seen in the SKYHI model simulations can be identified as well in the NCEP analyses.
The structure of three‐dimensional magnetic neutral points

The local configurations of three‐dimensional magnetic neutral points are investigated by a linear analysis about the null. It is found that the number of free parameters determining the arrangement of field lines is four. The configurations are first classified as either potential or non‐potential. Then the non‐potential cases are subdivided into three cases depending on whether the component of current parallel to the spine is less than, equal to or greater than a threshold current; therefore there are three types of linear non‐potential null configurations (a radial null, a critical spiral and a spiral). The effect of the four free parameters on the system is examined and it is found that only one parameter categorizes the potential configurations, whilst two parameters are required if current is parallel to the spine. However, all four parameters are needed if there is current both parallel and perpendicular to the spine axis. The magnitude of the current parallel to the spine determines whether the n.
Prediction of a quantum anomalous Hall state in Co-decorated silicene

Based on first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that Co-decorated silicene can host a quantum anomalous Hall state. The exchange field induced by the Co atoms combined with the strong spin-orbit coupling of the silicene opens a nontrivial band gap at the $K$ point. As compared to other transition metals, Co-decorated silicene is unique in this respect, since usually hybridization and spin-polarization induced in the silicene suppress a quantum anomalous Hall state.
Characterization of thermal interface materials to support thermal simulation

In this paper new characterization equipment for thermal interface materials is presented. Thermal management of electronic products relies on the effective dissipation of heat. This can be achieved by the optimization of the system design with the help of simulation methods. The precision of these models relies also on the used material data. For the determination of this data an experimental set-up for a static measurement is presented, which evaluates thermal conductivity and interface resistance of thermal interface materials (e.g. adhesive, solder, pads, or pastes). A qualitative structure-property correlation is proposed taking into account particle size, filler content and void formation at the interface based on high resolution FIB imaging. The paper gives an overview over the set-up and the measurement technique and discusses experimental and simulation results.
Resistive switching characteristics of maghemite nanoparticle assembly

The resistive switching characteristics of the assembly of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles having a diameter of ∼10 nm were investigated in the structure of Al/γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle multilayer (∼300 nm thick)/Al-plate. The nanoparticle multilayer on Al plate was formed by repeating dip-coating processes. The multilevel (five states) resistive switching was observed with the resistance values ranging from ∼4.8 × 105 to 2.7 × 103 Ω depending on the externally applied voltage. The multilevel switching is thought to originate from the repetitive and reversible formation and rupture of multiple conducting filaments. It demonstrates the potential application of the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle assembly for resistive switching devices.
Impact of temperature dependence on the possible contribution of organics to new particle formation in the atmosphere

Abstract. Secondary particles formed via new particle formation (NPF) dominate cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) abundance in most parts of the troposphere and are important for aerosol indirect radiative forcing (IRF). Laboratory measurements have shown that certain organic compounds can significantly enhance the binary nucleation of sulfuric acid and H2O. According to our recent study comparing particle size distributions measured in nine forest areas in North America with those predicted by a global size-resolved aerosol model, current H2SO4–organics nucleation parameterizations appear to significantly overpredict NPF and particle number concentrations in summer. The lack of temperature dependence in the current H2SO4–organics nucleation parameterization has been suggested to be a possible reason for the observed overprediction. In this work, H2SO4–organics clustering thermodynamics from quantum chemical studies has been employed to develop a scheme to incorporate temperature dependence into H2SO4–organics nucleation parameterization. We show that temperature has a strong impact on H2SO4–organics nucleation rates and may reduce the nucleation rate by ∼ 1 order of magnitude per 10 K of temperature increase. The particle number concentrations in summer over North America based on the revised scheme is a factor of more than 2 lower, which is in much better agreement with the observations. With the temperature-dependent H2SO4–organics nucleation parameterization, the summer CCN concentrations in the lower troposphere in the Northern Hemisphere are about 10–30 % lower compared to the temperature-independent parameterization. This study highlights the importance of the temperature effect and its impacts on NPF in the global modeling of aerosol number abundance.
Multiple analogies for complex concepts: antidotes for analogy-induced misconception in advanced knowledge acquisition

DOCUMENT RESUME Spiro, Rand J.; And Others Multiple Analogies for Complex Concepts: Antidotes for Analogy-Induced Misconception in Advanced Knowledge Acquisition. Technical Report No. 439. Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. ; Illinois Univ., Urbana. Center for the Study of Reading. Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED), Washington, DC. Sep 88 OEG-0087-C1001 34p. ; Research also supported by a grant from the Basic Research Division of the United States Army Research Institute. Reports Research/Technical (143) MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. Biomedicine; *Concept Formation; Educational Research; Language Role; *Learning Strategies; Misconceptions *Analogies; *Knowledge Acquisition This report argues that there exists a pervasive tendency for analogies to contribute to the development of entrenched misconceptions in the form of reducing complex new knowledge to the co7:e of a source analogy. The report presents a taxonomy of ways that simple analogy induces conceptual error and an alternative approach involving integrated sets of multiple analogies. The use of multiple analogies is illustrated in the report by the example of force production by muscle fibers. The report concludes with the arqumenc that the situation of analogy is one instance of a more general pattern of mtsconception attributable to the use of single knowledge sources when compilation of multiple sources would be more appropriate. (Eight figures illustrating multiple analogies are included, and 21 references are attached.) (RS) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the ori'inal document.
MOTION DEFORMATION STYLE CONTROL TECHNIQUE FOR 3D HUMANOID CHARACTER BY USING MOCAP DATA

Realistic humanoid 3D character movement is very important to apply in the computer games, movies, virtual reality and mixed reality environment. This paper presents a technique to deform motion style using Motion Capture (MoCap) data based on computer animation system. By using MoCap data, natural human action style could be deforming. However, the structure hierarchy of humanoid in MoCap Data is very complex. This method allows humanoid character to respond naturally based on user motion input. Unlike existing 3D humanoid character motion editor, our method produces realistic final result and simulates new dynamic humanoid motion style based on simple user interface control.
The Effect of Malva neglecta on the Reduction of Inflammatory Agents in Patients with Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a common joint disease in old ages. The current therapies are not often effective, since those are associated with some side effects such as peptic ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Because of the degree of inflammation associated with pain in the patients with osteoarthritis, research on the plants with anti-inflammatory properties, although low, in addition to the analgesic effects, can make a substantial contribution to the patients with osteoarthritis, because the side effects caused by steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not induced by them. In this study, we investigated the medicinal plants of Iran and found the role of Malva (Malva neglecta) in reducing bone-joint symptoms, therefore, the plant was investigated to determine the most effective dose and to study whether the clinical effects is associated with anti-inflammatory effect. Due to the role of chondrocytes and monocyte/ macrophage cells on the process of inflammation in the osteoarthritis, our study was performed on these two cell lines, as a model similar to what occurs in the human osteoarthritis.