Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and ultrastructure of Trachipleistophora hominis n.g., n.sp. after in vitro isolation from an AIDS patient and inoculation into athymic mice

SUMMARY Continuous culture was achieved in several cell lines of a microsporidium obtained from the skeletal muscle of an AIDS patient. Development in COS-1 and RK13 cells was prolific. Spores from the original biopsy were also inoculated into athymic mice by i.m. and i.p. routes. Infection was found in several organs as well as in skeletal muscle after a few weeks. All stages were surrounded by an electron-dense surface coat. Meronts had 2–4 nuclei and divided by binary fission. In sporogony the surface coat became separated from the plasma membrane to form a sporophorous vesicle, within which division into sporoblasts was effected by repeated binary fissions. The number of sporoblasts (and later spores) within the sporophorous vesicles varied from 2 to > 32 and the sizes of the vesicles varied, according to the number of spores contained therein, from 5 μm diameter to 14·0 × 11·0 μm. Spores measured 4·0 × 2·4 μm and had a prominent posterior vacuole. The parasite differs from the genus Pleistophora in that it does not form multinucleate sporogonial plasmodia and that the sporophorous vesicle enlarges during sporogony and its wall is not a multilayered structure. It is proposed to place it in a new genus and species Trachipleistophora hominis n.g. , n.sp.
An International Framework to Promote Access to Data

The emergence of an global cyberinfrastructure is rapidly increasing the ability of scientists to produce, manage, and use data, leading to new understanding and modes of scientific inquiry that depend on broader data access. As research becomes increasingly global, data intensive, and multifaceted, it is imperative to address national and international data access and sharing issues systematically in a policy arena that transcends national jurisdictions. The authors of this Policy Forum summarize key findings of an international group that studied these issues on behalf of the OECD, and argue that an international framework of principles and guidelines for data access is needed to better realize this potential. They provide a framework for locating and analyzing where improvements can be made in data access regimes, and highlight several topics that require further examination to better inform future policies.
Pathophysiology of activity limitation in patients with interstitial lung disease.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the relative importance of gas exchange, ventilatory, and circulatory abnormalities in limiting exercise in patients with interstitial lung disease. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective study at a referral cardiopulmonary exercise laboratory in a university/county medical center. PATIENTS AND METHODS A database with more than 1,300 patients with incremental cycle exercise studies was screened to find 42 patients with interstitial lung disease, but without accompanying airflow limitation, chest wall, primary heart, or systemic vascular disease, or poor motivation. All had spirometry, lung volume, and gas transfer index measures at rest and repeated gas exchange, ventilatory, and circulatory measures during exercise; 37 of the 42 patients had multiple blood gas measures during exercise. We graded the gas exchange, ventilatory and circulatory dysfunction during maximally tolerated cycle ergometry and correlated the grades of dysfunction of these three components of respiration with percent predicted peak O2 uptake (peak Vo2). RESULTS Peak Vo2 values were not well correlated with the grades of ventilatory impairment but were well correlated with the grades of gas exchange and circulatory dysfunction. Patients who had reduced peak Vo2 values often had a normal breathing reserve with physiologic evidence of pulmonary vascular disease. CONCLUSIONS The pathophysiology of the pulmonary circulation is usually more important than ventilatory mechanics in limiting exercise in patients with interstitial lung disease.
The In vitro effects of Zidovudine ( an antiretroviral Drug ) on Human erythrocyte Haemoglobin – S gelation

Zidovudine (AZT) is a nucleoside analog, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and a type of antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The in vitro action of zidovudine (mg/ml) on sickle red blood cell haemoglobin showed a non-significant (P>0.05) decreases in Haemoglobin S gelation. There was significant (P<0.05) decrease in relative polymerization rate with corresponding significant (P<0.05) increase in the relative percentage inhibition which was dose dependent, Zidovudine therefore reduces the rate of haemoglobin-S gelation in sickle cell patients. This makes it a promising antiretroviral medicine for sickle cell patients of HIV and AIDS.
A prospective study of sleep duration and coronary heart disease in women.

BACKGROUND Long-term sleep deprivation is common in today's society. Recent experiments have demonstrated that short-term sleep deprivation in healthy subjects results in adverse physiologic changes, including a decreased glucose tolerance and an increased blood pressure. However, the long-term health consequences of long-term sleep deprivation are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether decreased sleep duration (from self-reports) is associated with an increased risk of coronary events. METHODS We studied a cohort of 71 617 US female health professionals (aged 45-65 years), without reported coronary heart disease (CHD) at baseline, who were enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study. Subjects were mailed a questionnaire in 1986 asking about daily sleep duration. Subjects were followed up until June 30, 1996, for the occurrence of CHD-related events. We assessed the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and incident CHD. RESULTS A total of 934 coronary events were documented (271 fatal and 663 nonfatal) during the 10 years of follow up. Age-adjusted relative risks (95% confidence intervals) of CHD (with 8 hours of daily sleep being considered the reference group) for individuals reporting 5 or fewer, 6, and 7 hours of sleep were 1.82 (1.34-2.41), 1.30 (1.08-1.57), and 1.06 (0.89-1.26), respectively. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) for 9 or more hours of sleep was 1.57 (1.18-2.11). After adjusting for various potential confounders, including snoring, body mass index, and smoking, the relative risks of CHD (95% confidence intervals) for individuals reporting 5 or fewer, 6, and 7 hours of sleep were 1.45 (1.10-1.92), 1.18 (0.98-1.42), and 1.09 (0.91-1.30), respectively. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) for 9 or more hours of sleep was 1.38 (1.03-1.86). CONCLUSION Short and long self-reported sleep durations are independently associated with a modestly increased risk of coronary events.
Effect of New Suggested Ferroresonance Limiter on the Stability Domain of Chaotic Ferroresonance in the Power Transformer with Linear Core Model

This Paper studies the effect of new suggested ferroresonance limiter on controlling ferroresonance oscillations in the power transformer. It is expected that this limiter generally can control the ferroresonance. For studying these phenomena, at first ferroresonance is introduced and a general modeling approach is given. A simple case of ferroresonance in a three phase transformer is used to illustrate these phenomena. Then, effect of new suggested ferroresonance limiter on the onset of chaotic ferroresonance and control of these oscillations in a power transformer including linear core losses is studied. Simulation is done on a three phase power transformer while one of its phases is opened, and effect of varying input voltage on occurring ferroresonance overvoltage is studied. Results show that connecting the ferroresonance limiter to the transformer exhibits a great controlling effect on the ferroresonance overvoltage. Phase plane diagram, FFT analysis along with bifurcation diagrams are also presented. Significant effect on occurring chaotic ferroresonance, the range of parameter values that may lead to overvoltage and magnitude of ferroresonance overvoltage is obtained, showed and tabulated.
Some visual and neurochemical correlates of refractive development

Abstract Increasing evidence indicates that the retina takes part in the postnatal regulation of eye growth, functioning in this respect to minimize refractive error. The evidence derives both from clinical observations in man and from experiments in animals. The discovery that visual form deprivation leads to an axial overgrowth of the eye and to myopia has opened the way to many current research initiatives. Neurochemical and immunocytochemical experiments in chick and monkey suggest that definable retinal neurons participate in the regulatory pathway controlling eye growth. The most comprehensive data presently implicate dopaminergic amacrine cells. Other important issues to be addressed include the relevance of an intact connection to the central nervous system and the precise retinal mechanism by which eye growth is regulated.
In vivo RNA-RNA recombination of coronavirus in mouse brain

RNA-RNA recombination between different strains of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) occurs at a very high frequency in tissue culture. To demonstrate that RNA recombination may play a role in the evolution and pathogenesis of coronaviruses, we sought to determine whether MHV recombination could occur during replication in the animal host of the virus. By using two selectable markers, i.e., temperature sensitivity and monoclonal antibody neutralization, we isolated several recombinant viruses from the brains of mice infected with two different strains of MHV. The recombination frequency was very high, and recombination occurred at multiple sites on the viral RNA genome. This finding suggests that RNA-RNA recombination may play a significant role in natural evolution and neuropathogenesis of coronaviruses.
Age-Dependent Diarrhea Induced by a Rotaviral Nonstructural Glycoprotein

The rotavirus nonstructural glycoprotein NSP4 is an intracellular receptor that mediates the acquisition of a transient membrane envelope as subviral particles bud into the endoplasmic reticulum. NSP4 also causes an increase in intracellular calcium in insect cells. Purified NSP4 or a peptide corresponding to NSP4 residues 114 to 135 induced diarrhea in young (6 to 10 days old) CD1 mice. This disease response was age-dependent, dose-dependent, and specific. Electrophysiologic data from intestinal mucosa showed that the NSP4 114–135 peptide potentiates chloride secretion by a calcium-dependent signaling pathway. Diarrhea is induced when NSP4, acting as a viral enterotoxin, triggers a signal transduction pathway.
DNA sequence variants in the tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) gene are not associated with human pigmentary glaucoma.

PURPOSE Pigmentary glaucoma is a common form of glaucoma affecting young adults. Previous studies have suggested that multiple factors, including multiple genetic factors, may be responsible for this condition. Recently, a form of glaucoma associated with pigment dispersion and iris atrophy was identified in the DBA/2J mouse. Abnormalities in the mouse Tyrp1 gene contribute to this condition. The purpose of this study was to determine if DNA sequence variants in the human TYRP1 gene are associated with pigmentary glaucoma in humans. METHODS The protein coding regions and intron/exon boundaries of the human TYRP1 gene were sequenced using genomic DNA samples from probands from pedigrees affected by pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma. RESULTS Three novel synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in two affected individuals. However, these polymorphisms did not define a haplotype that segregated with the disease in the families. DNA sequence variants that altered the amino acid sequence of TYRP1 were not found. CONCLUSIONS Despite the phenotypic similarity between the glaucoma in the DBA/2J mouse and human pigmentary glaucoma, the results of this study suggest that DNA sequence variants in the human TYRP1 gene are not associated with inherited pigmentary glaucoma in humans.
Association between serotonin denervation and resting‐state functional connectivity in mild cognitive impairment

Resting‐state functional connectivity alterations have been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before the observation of AD neuropathology, but mechanisms driving these changes are not well understood. Serotonin neurodegeneration has been observed in MCI and AD and is associated with cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms, but the role of the serotonin system in relation to brain network dysfunction has not been a major focus of investigation. The current study investigated the relationship between serotonin transporter availability (SERT; measured using positron emission tomography) and brain network functional connectivity (measured using resting‐state functional MRI) in 20 participants with MCI and 21 healthy controls. Two SERT regions of interest were selected for the analysis: the Dorsal Raphe Nuclei (DRN) and the precuneus which represent the cell bodies of origin and a cortical target of projections of the serotonin system, respectively. Both regions show decreased SERT in MCI compared to controls and are the site of early AD pathology. Average resting‐state functional connectivity did not differ between MCI and controls. Decreased SERT in DRN was associated with lower hippocampal resting‐state connectivity in MCI participants compared to controls. Decreased SERT in the right precuneus was also associated with lower resting‐state connectivity of the retrosplenial cortex to the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and higher resting‐state connectivity of the retrosplenial cortex to the posterior cingulate and in patients with MCI but not in controls. These results suggest that a serotonergic mechanism may underlie changes in brain functional connectivity in MCI. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3391–3401, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cochlear implants in the United Kingdom: Awareness and utilization

Abstract Introduction Every child and adult in the United Kingdom who fulfils the criteria for cochlear implantation is entitled to receive treatment under the National Health Service (NHS); children since 2009 are eligible for bilateral simultaneous implants and adults single implants unless they have additional sensory needs. History During a period between 1982 and 1990, when a number of individual teams ran programmes using charitable funding, the British Cochlear Implant Group approached the UK Department of Health, who agreed to set up a 4-year pilot study of 10 programmes, including one children's programme. The outcomes were collected and analysed by the Medical Research Council's Institute of Hearing Research. The results, showing positive outcomes for adults and children, were published in 1995 and subsequently funding was provided directly by the NHS. Access Between 2001 and 2006 the Universal Newborn Hearing Screen (UNHS) was implemented in England and Wales and also in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Data from UNHS and also data from the three main cochlear implant manufacturers have allowed estimates of access to cochlear implants for children and adults within the criteria for implantation. Children Between 2006 and 2011 the figures show that 74% of estimated eligible children aged 0–3 years have received implants and 94% by the age of 17. Adults For adults the figures are considerably lower, with only about 5% of those eligible for an implant actually receiving one. The reasons for this include, to a lesser degree, the fact that guidelines by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) are stricter than in some other European countries, but chiefly because of lack of awareness among candidates and professionals, both of criteria for eligibility and of the potential advantages from cochlear implantation.
A low power CMOS receiver front-end for long term evolution systems

This paper presents a low power CMOS RF front-end with a low noise amplifier (LNA) and mixer for long term evolution (LTE) direct conversion receiver. Noise figure and linearity are key parameter of LTE receiver front-end. The source inductive degeneration LNA is designed achieving matched input impedance over a wide bandwidth. For low power consumption issue, a direct conversion receiver with LNA and mixer employ folded-cascode architecture. The receiver front-end operates from 2545 to 2700 MHz covering frequency band 7 of LTE standard. The front-end achieves 8.89 dB conversion gain, 8.25 dB NF, -9.5 dBm IIP3, -17 dBm P1dB and 3.12 mW power consumption. All the circuits are designed in 0.18 μm CMOS process with 1.2V supply voltage.
Significance of teo slope feature in speech emotion recognition

The growth in human computer interaction has necessitated the requirement of accurate recognition of emotion from speech data. This paper presents a new novel feature called TEO (Teager Energy Operator) Slope for emotion recognition. The feature is obtained by applying least square fit instead of applying DCT in TEO feature. The feature was tested on the publically available Berlin Emotion Database (EMO-DB) using a GMM classifier. TEO Slope feature based emotion recognition system shows a significant improvement over MFCC based baseline system by 2% and TEO feature based system by 6% in terms of overall accuracy. Also the feature set obtained by fusion of MFCC, its delta and TEO Slope was evaluated and 60% accuracy was obtained. The results show that the TEO Slope is a promising feature in speech emotion recognition system.
The study of long-term load forecasting based on method combination innovation

Long-term load forecasting is the guarantee of sustaining the safety and stable of the electricity system, therefore, it is the most important foundation to establish correct and effective load forecasting model. Based on the existing grey prediction, trend prediction and second exponential smoothing method, innovative idea is introduced in this paper. Through empirical research, it can be concluded that this method has higher research value.
Une mesure de similarité entre phrases basée sur des noyaux sémantiques

Résumé. Nous proposons une nouvelle approche pour le calcul de similarité sémantique entre phrases en utilisant les noyaux sémantiques qui les composent. Ces noyaux, sous la forme de triplets (sujet, verbe et objet) sont supposés porteurs de l’information des phrases dont ils sont extraits. Sur la base de la comparaison sémantique de noyaux, on extrait un ensemble d’indicateurs descriptifs. Nous utilisons ensuite un apprentissage automatique, sur un benchmark contenant des phrases dont la similarité sémantique a été évaluée par des experts humains, afin de déterminer l’importance de chaque indicateur et de construire ainsi un modèle capable de fournir une mesure de similarité sémantique entre phrases. Les expérimentations et les études comparatives, effectuées avec d’autres approches permettant l’estimation des similarités sémantiques entre phrases, montrent les bonnes performances de notre approche. En se basant sur cette dernière, un outil de navigation sémantique est en cours de développement.
Development of risk-based guidelines for pediatric cancer survivors: the Children's Oncology Group Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines from the Children's Oncology Group Late Effects Committee and Nursing Discipline.

The Children's Oncology Group Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines for Survivors of Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancers are risk-based, exposure-related clinical practice guidelines intended to promote earlier detection of and intervention for complications that may potentially arise as a result of treatment for pediatric malignancies. Developed through the collaborative efforts of the Children's Oncology Group Late Effects Committee, Nursing Discipline, and Patient Advocacy Committee, these guidelines represent a statement of consensus from a multidisciplinary panel of experts in the late effects of pediatric cancer treatment. The guidelines are both evidence-based (utilizing established associations between therapeutic exposures and late effects to identify high-risk categories) and grounded in the collective clinical experience of experts (matching the magnitude of risk with the intensity of screening recommendations). They are intended for use beginning 2 or more years following the completion of cancer therapy; however, they are not intended to provide guidance for follow-up of the survivor's primary disease. A complementary set of patient education materials ("Health Links") was developed to enhance follow-up care and broaden the application of the guidelines. The information provided in these guidelines is important for health care providers in the fields of pediatrics, oncology, internal medicine, family practice, and gynecology, as well as subspecialists in many fields. Implementation of these guidelines is intended to increase awareness of potential late effects and to standardize and enhance follow-up care provided to survivors of pediatric cancer throughout the lifespan. The Guidelines, and related Health Links, can be downloaded in their entirety at www.survivorshipguidelines. org.
Domino logic synthesis based on implication graph

In this paper, we present a new approach to the problem of inverter elimination in domino logic synthesis. A small piece of static CMOS logic is introduced to the circuit to avoid significant area penalty resulting from duplication. To maximize the domino logic part and to minimize the static CMOS logic part, a generalized automatic test pattern generation (ATPG)-based logic transformation is proposed to eliminate or relocate a target inverter. Based on the new concept of dominating set of mandatory assignment (DSMA) and the corresponding implication graph, we propose algorithms to identify a minimum candidate set for a target inverter. Experimental results show that logic transformation based on the implication graph can reduce transistor counts by 25% on average, while the delay increases less than 3%.
Clonal growth of colorectal‐carcinoma cell lines transplanted to nude mice

It is generally assumed that tumor progression is a micro‐evolutionary process in which increasingly aggressive clones, generated through genetic instability, emerge in an initially monoclonal lesion. The present study was undertaken to determine how rapidly a dominant clone will emerge from an initial polyclonal situation, and whether dominance of these clones is a prerequisite for the onset of metastasis. To this end, colon‐carcinoma cells were infected in culture with an amphotropic retroviral vector containing the neomycin‐phosphotransferase gene, which makes cells resistant to neomycin. A heterogeneous population of neomycin‐resistant cells carrying random retroviral integrations was xenografted to the subcutis and to the cecum of nude mice. The xenografts obtained, as well as the available metastases, were analyzed as to viral integrations by Southern blotting. The results show that, (i) clonal selection already takes place during growth of the primary tumor; (ii) dominant clones also generate metastases. The retroviral integration pattern of metastases turned out to be identical to that found in the primary xenografts. This pattern remained unchanged in tumors obtained after serial transplantations of cells cultured from metastases. Int. J. Cancer 72:1137–1141, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.