Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Support Malignant Transformation of Low-Grade Glioma

Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumors, exist as a continuum between low-grade and high-grade states. Low grade gliomas are generally found in children and young adults. These tumors are characterized by well-differentiated cellularity which is mildly pleomorphic. These tumors lack mitotic figures and neovascularization and do not enhance on MRI. The average survival of patients after diagnosis is 7-10 years; the morbidity associated with these lesions is largely dependent on progression of these lesions to a higher grade state. High-grade gliomas, conversely, which exist on the other end of the glial neoplasm spectrum, are extremely malignant with poorly differentiated cells that are highly pleomorphic and display numerous mitotic figures. These tumors contain significant vascular proliferation, hemorrhage and necrosis. High grade gliomas enhance brightly on contrast MRI and often exhibit widespread invasion throughout the brain. Prognosis is poor for high grade gliomas, with a median survival of 18 months even with aggressive therapies. One of the key events in the transition from the low-grade to high-grade state has been referred to as the angiogenic switch. This is defined as the period during which the tumor undergoes a transition to an environment capable of rapid blood vessel formation supporting subsequent exponential tumor growth. It is theorized that in the low-grade state, tumor growth may be limited, at least in part, by a lack of blood supply limiting the tumor to linear growth. Once the tumor acquires the ability to recruit or form new blood vessels through this angiogenic switch, exponential growth may occur, which results in rapid clinical progression. It has been well-described in the literature that bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC) participate in the progression of cancer. BMDCs in the local tumor microenvironment have been proposed to be capable of breaking down normal structures thereby promoting vasculogenesis and invasiveness. This, in turn, provides an environment capable of sustaining and promoting tumor growth. The role of BMDC in metastatic disease has been well-documented and recent data suggests that BMDC participate in the growth and progression of brain tumors as well. This chapter will explore the role of BMDC in the transition from low-grade to high-grade gliomas particularly with respect to the angiogenic
Diabetogenic Drugs and Hormones, what Every Physician should know and be Aware of?

Much emphasis has been given to drugs managing diabetes but unfortunately, so little research has been devoted to drugs sharing in development and/or progression of diabetes. In the era of poly pharmacy and as the longevity of human beings is expanding together with managing of concomitant chronic diseases for the same patient, it’s very likely to find diabetic patients who are receiving one or more of these drugs and after a while, no one can conclude whether these drugs were the cause or they’re just deteriorating diabetes. Every physician, internist and endocrinologist should have a good knowledge about drug induced diabetes mellitus including very popular drugs used for managing hypertension, angina, bacterial infection … etc. and should also try in diabetic and high risk patients to replace them with safer alternatives whenever possible.
Formation of natural gas hydrates in marine sediments 1. Conceptual model of gas hydrate growth conditioned by host sediment properties

The stability of submarine gas hydrates is largely dictated by pressure and temperature, gas composition, and pore water salinity. However, the physical properties and surface chemistry of deep marine sediments may also affect the thermodynamic state, growth kinetics, spatial distributions, and growth forms of clathrates. Our conceptual model presumes that gas hydrate behaves in a way analogous to ice in a freezing soil. Hydrate growth is inhibited within fine-grained sediments by a combination of reduced pore water activity in the vicinity of hydrophilic mineral surfaces, and the excess internal energy of small crystals confined in pores. The excess energy can be thought of as a “capillary pressure” in the hydrate crystal, related to the pore size distribution and the state of stress in the sediment framework. The base of gas hydrate stability in a sequence of fine sediments is predicted by our model to occur at a lower temperature (nearer to the seabed) than would be calculated from bulk thermodynamic equilibrium. Capillary effects or a build up of salt in the system can expand the phase boundary between hydrate and free gas into a divariant field extending over a finite depth range dictated by total methane content and pore-size distribution. Hysteresis between the temperatures of crystallization and dissociation of the clathrate is also predicted. Growth forms commonly observed in hydrate samples recovered from marine sediments (nodules, and lenses in muds; cements in sands) can largely be explained by capillary effects, but kinetics of nucleation and growth are also important. The formation of concentrated gas hydrates in a partially closed system with respect to material transport, or where gas can flush through the system, may lead to water depletion in the host sediment. This “freeze-drying” may be detectable through physical changes to the sediment (low water content and overconsolidation) and/or chemical anomalies in the pore waters and metastable presence of free gas within the normal zone of hydrate stability.
Resistance tovanadium inPseudomonas £ uorescens ATCC 17400 caused bymutations inTCAcycle enzymes

Vanadium inhibits the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 in the lowiron casamino acids medium and even more when iron is added to the medium. Analysis of transposon mutants allowed the isolation of two mutants with increased resistance to vanadium. One mutant had an insertion in the idh gene coding for the tricarboxylic acid enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. The second mutant had the transposon inserted into acnD, one out of three genes coding for a 2-methyl-isocitrate dehydratase (aconitase). In this mutant, there was a higher level of acnB aconitase transcripts while the levels of acnA transcripts were unchanged. A nonpolar idh mutant was obtained, which showed the same level of resistance against vanadium as the original transposon mutant.
The Effect of Economic Knowledge in Islamic Civilization on Accounting Evolution

Among the most important functions of accounting as a language of business, it's dependence in its origins and evolution largely on the economy, this paper aims to deepening the study about the effect of economic knowledge on the accounting evolution in the Islamic civilization, through the analysis of the most important contributions of Muslims in accounting thought, and the most important economic thought that built the influential economic approaches and theories in the accounting evolution from 622 AD until 1418 AD. The principal results of this study are: (1) the measurement was dependent to disclosure, (2) accounting evolution in Islamic civilization was based on serving the prevailing economic, social and political activities, (3) and it is based on special needs to accounting evolution as a stand-alone science. The basic conclusion is that, if there any defect or lack of harmony in dependent or independent accounting evolution can cause such problems.
Graphene-Semiconductor Composites as Visible Light-Induced Photocatalyst

Graphene-based composites produced by the incorporation of graphene into suitable semiconductors doped with various metals enable to induce the unique properties of the graphene, such as extended light absorption range, charge separation, and so high dye adsorption capacity. Therefore, graphene-based composites can provide to enhance the overall photocatalytic performance of the base semiconductor under the visible-light, and to open up new pathways to high-performance photocatalyst for the future applications. This chapter of the book focuses on the structural and optical properties of the graphene-semiconductor-based composite structure. Furthermore, final photocatalytic properties of the graphene-based composites can be controlled by applying different synthesis routes. Common synthesis methods of the graphene-semiconductor composites such as sol-gel, solution mixing, in situ growth, hydrothermal growth, and solvothermal method are discussed on the resultant visible-light photocatalytic property of the these composites. At the same time, doping of the graphene-semiconductor material with metal ions also allows an improvement of the visible light-induced photocatalytic activity. Therefore, studies related with the effect of the dopant agent on the visible light photocatalytic activity are also reviewed in this chapter. the suspensions of semiconductor nanoparticles and graphene. For the graphene-semicon-ductor-based composites, to enhance the visible light-induced photocatalytic activity, doping was found to be helpful due to tailoring the electronic properties of the composites providing the manipulation and optimization of charge carrier transfer across the interface between semiconductors and graphene and a reduction in the recombination probability of the photo-excited electron-hole pairs. This chapter of the book is a review of the studies for the development of highly photocatalytically active graphene-semiconductor composite under visible light irradiation.
The greenhouse effect: a closer look

Interest in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour (WV) as greenhouse gases (GHGs) has waxed and waned over 200 years, the twists and turns being neatly summarised by Mudge (1997). The early pioneers, Arrhenius, Tyndall, Fourier and Callendar, were mostly interested in CO2 from the standpoint of explaining ice ages. Today’s concerns are that increased amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere will cause Earth to warm up, possibly ‘disastrously’, over the next century. This article looks at the processes involved in the Greenhouse Effect (GHE), discusses the uncertainties, in particular the role of water vapour (WV), and reviews the overall situation.
Perception Based On Its Incline And Pier Using Centroid Delineation Pitch Of Leaf

With the aim of elaborating a mobile application, accessible to anyone and with educational purposes, wepresent a method for tree species identification that relies on dedicated algorithms and explicit botanyinspireddescriptors. Focusing on the analysis of leaves, we developed a working process to help recognizespecies, starting from a picture of a leaf in a complex natural background. A two-step active contoursegmentation algorithm based on a polygonal leaf model processes the image to retrieve the contour ofthe leaf. This paper suggests normalization of the tip and base of leaf asboth of them incline to one direction which is able toinfluencedata extraction process. The extraction method we used isCentroid Contour Gradient (CCG) which calculates the gradientbetween pairs of boundary points corresponding to interval angle.CCG had butperformed its competitor which is CentroidContours Distance (CCD), as it successfully captures thecurvature of the tip and base of leaf. The accuracy in classifyingthe tip of leaf using CCG is 99.47%, but CCD is only 80.30%. For accuracy of leaf base classification, CCG (98%) alsooutperforms CCD (88%). The average accuracy for recognizingthe 5 classes of plant is 96.6% for CCG and 74.4% for CCD. Inthis research, we utilized the Feed-forward Back-propagation asour classifier.Features we use afterwards are high-level geometrical descriptors that make a semantic interpretationpossible, and prove to achieve better performance than more generic and statistical shapedescriptors alone. We present the results, both in terms of segmentation and classification, consideringa database of 50 European broad-leaved tree species, and an implementation of the system is availablein the iPhone application Folia
MULTI DISEASE PREDICTION AND TREATMENT ANALYSIS USING DATA MINING TECHNIQUES

Disease prediction and diagnosis is one of the complex applications where data mining tools and techniques are used to providing successful results because of significant improvements in technology. This research identifies gaps in the research on disease prediction, diagnosis and treatment and it also proposes a model to systematically close those gaps. Data mining have great potential for healthcare industry to enable health systems to systematically use data and identify the efficiency and improve care with reduce cost. The data mining techniques to Multi disease treatment it can provide reliable performance. So the system can be effective in reducing the death toll. The healthcare industry collects huge amounts of healthcare data which, unfortunately are not “mined” to discover hidden information for effective decision making. Advanced data mining techniques can be helpful and can provide an efficient remedy to these kinds of problems. This proposed work has developed a prototype for the Multi Sickness Prediction System (MSPS) using data mining techniques by to compute the chance of prevalence of explicit unwellness from medical knowledge by using k-means, Large Memory Storage And Retrieval (LAMSTAR) and Medical diagnosis methodology. The system uses service oriented architecture (SOA) whereby the system elements of diagnosis, data portal and alternative miscellaneous services are provided. This reduces the multiple diseases showing the similar symptoms problem and it will increase the accuracy of such diagnosis. This proposed system will provide some reliable decision finding the disease for healthcare support. Results show that each technique has its unique strength in realizing the objectives of the defined mining goals from the analysis.
Impact of adding distal forearm DXA to hip and spine measurements on DXA report

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard modality for non-invasive diagnosis of osteoporosis but controversy exists about the optimal site (s) for bone mineral density (BMD) measurement. The objective was to find out impact of adding distal forearm BMD to hip and spine measurements on final diagnosis of a DXA study. This prospective study recruited 279 consecutive patients [female 256 (92%); male 23 (8%)] with a mean age of 63.25 ± 10.62 years from April 2011 to April 2012. The BMD was measured over hip (total hip and femoral neck), spine and distal forearm in all patients. Based on T-Score values of hip and spine (2 sites), diagnosis was normal in 34%, low bone mass in 40% and osteoporosis in 26% patients. However, adding distal forearm BMD and T-score (3 sites), diagnosis was normal in 28%, low bone mass in 37% and osteoporosis in 35%. Therefore, distal forearm BMD has upstaged the diagnosis from normal to low bone mass in 14%, from normal to osteoporosis in 2% and from low bone mass to osteoporosis in 18% patients. We conclude that combining distal forearm BMD with spine and hip can identify more patients with low bone mass or osteoporosis.
Survivin Hakkında Bilinenler: Survivin ile İlgili Türkiye’de Yapılmış Olan Çalışmalar

39 ÖZ İnsanlarda 3 intron ve 4 ekzondan meydana gelen Survivin geni kromozomun 17q25 bölgesinde yer alan 14,7 kb uzunluğunda olan ve 142 aminoasitlik, 16,5 KD ağırlığında proteini kodlayan bir gendir. Survivin; akciğer, böbrek, cilt, endometriyum, mide, kolon, meme, prostat, yumurtalık, lösemi, baş ve boyun kanseri gibi çeşitli kanser türlerinde aşırı ifade edilmesi, histopatolojisi ve promotör bölgesindeki polimorfizmler sebebiyle birçok kez araştırmacılar tarafından çalışılmış olan ve apoptoz inhibitör ailesinin üyesi olan bir gendir. Biz bu derlemede Survivin ile ilgili bilinenleri ve Türk popülasyonunda bugüne kadar Survivin ile yapılan çalışmaları Türkçe olarak okuyucuya sunmaya çalıştık. Böylece literatürdeki önemli bir eksiklik giderilebileceği gibi, araştırmacılara bundan sonra yapılacak olan çalışmalarda bu derlemenin yol göstereceği kanaatindeyiz. Anahtar Kelimeler: Survivin; BIRC5 protein; polimorfizm; kanser; Türk populasyonu.
Non-Target Effects of Dalaca pallens Blanchard Control Examined Through Principal Response Curves: A Guild Approach in Southern Chile

A B S T R A C T The non-target effects of biological control are a complex matter requiring a multi-approach analysis. A fungal biopesticide is under research to control the larval stages of the ghost moth Dalaca pallens Blanchard (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) in southern Chile. A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of the biological control agent Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (10 12 spores ha -1 ) and the insecticide lambdacyhalothrin (7.5 g active ingredient ha -1 ) on non-target invertebrate species belonging to different guilds. The soil invertebrates were collected by using pitfall trapping and soil coring before and after spraying the biocontrol agent or the insecticide. Caught individuals were assigned to predator, herbivore or decomposer guilds and then a relatively new multivariate technique called principal response curves (PRC) was adopted to track the potential treatment effects over time in the abundance or activity of the non-target guilds. The products targeting D. pallens caused different effects on guilds: lambda-cyhalothrin decreased the activity-density of the predator guild but not herbivore or decomposer guilds, while the biological control agent caused no reduction in the activity-density of the three examined guilds. The negative effects of the insecticide were present from 1 to 60 days after treatment.
Investigating laser pulse penetration through a conifer canopy by integrating airborne and terrestrial lidar

This study examines the distribution of laser pulse returns obtained from coincident airborne and terrestrial lidar surveys of a closed-canopy red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantation. The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of laser pulse sampling within closed canopies so that estimates of forest structural variables (e.g., biomass, needle-leaf area, and base-of-live-crown) can be improved at the individual tree and stand levels using lidar. The results of this study indicate the following: (1) There is a statistically significant difference between field measurements of tree height and estimates derived from the maximum laser pulse return from airborne and terrestrial lidar. In both cases, maximum laser pulse returns underestimate tree height by 1 m, on average. (2) Both terrestrial and airborne lidar are unable to discern the base of the measured live crown. Laser pulse returns from airborne lidar are biased towards the top of the tree crown, i.e., lowest laser pulse returns occur 1.4 m on average higher in the canopy than the measured base-of-live-crown. On the other hand, terrestrial lidar captures dieback at the base of the live crown, thereby lowering the base-of-live-crown estimate by 6.6 m, on average. (3) Median airborne laser pulse returns within the canopy (20.4 m), believed to be associated with needle leaf area, occur below the maximum frequency of laser pulse returns (20.8 m) but higher in the canopy than the height of maximum crown diameter obtained from terrestrial lidar (18.0 m). The bias of airborne laser pulse reflections towards the top of the canopy with less penetration to a depth where the maximum crown diameter occurs may result in an underestimation of the needle leaf area. The results of this research suggest that future research should focus on improving our understanding of how laser pulse returns are "triggered" within vegetated environments and how canopy properties or data acquisition parameters may influence the location of this "trigger" event.
Mobility and Migration of Healthcare Workers in Central and Eastern Europe

Excerpt] With EU enlargement to eastern Europe, much attention has focused on the effects of migration from the 10 central and eastern European Member States (referred to in this study as EU10) to the former EU15 countries. While research on the topic has already explored the causes, extent and consequences of the outward migration of one particular group, healthcare professionals, there has been less emphasis on identifying specific common problems (such as shortages of this group in some occupations) and possible solutions for the EU10. However, it is a more complicated task to find solutions as the shortages are due not only to high outward migration, but also to other problems in the health systems of these countries, such as attrition, or regional and occupational imbalances. This report highlights the key challenges facing the EU10 as a result of the high number of health professionals leaving to work abroad, focusing on specific problems and identifying topics for further research. A thorough analysis of the consequences is critical, since it appears the inflow of third-country nationals or return migration would not make up the shortfall caused by the outflow. However, as this is not equally true for all the countries, the report presents a differentiated picture between the countries concerned. The study draws on the results of two European research projects: Mobility of Health Professionals (MoHProf) and the Health Professional Mobility in the European Union Study (PROMeTHEUS). Three countries have been selected to illustrate the challenges faced by the healthcare sector – Hungary, Lithuania and Poland – and the report focuses on the latest available information for these countries. The three countries vary not only in the scale of outward migration and its trends, but also in how their economies and labour markets have been affected by the crisis.
Community attitudes towards wildlife management in the Bolivian Chaco

Abstract The process of community wildlife management in the Izozog area of the Bolivian Chaco began with participatory field research – self-monitoring of hunting activities and research on key game species. On-going discussions in community meetings have elicited seven wildlife management recommendations: (1) establishing hunting zones, (2) hunting only adults, (3) hunting only males during the reproductive season, (4) hunting only for the family's needs, (5) hunting only abundant animals, (6) protecting plants that are important to wildlife, and (7) prohibiting hunting by outsiders. We compare community attitudes towards these management measures. A majority of communities favour, in decreasing order, measures 7, 4, 6 and 1, communities are divided with respect to measures 2 and 3, and most communities oppose measure 5. Two socio-economic characteristics of communities – location and ethnicity – are associated with patterns of attitudes towards wild-life management among communities, whereas religion, economic activity and community size are not. Izoceño communities are currently reinterpreting traditional beliefs both to support and to oppose active wildlife management measures.
The Economic Status of Asian Americans Before and After the Civil Rights Act

In contrast to their relative standing in today's labor market, in 1960 U.S.-born men in all Asian groups earned substantially less than comparable whites. We explore explanations for the wage gap and find that all of the variables that might plausibly account for it, such as Asian/white differences in schooling, labor force participation, entrepreneurial and agricultural employment, English proficiency, enclave activity, and foreign-born parentage, have either no effect or only modest effects on the 1960 wage gap and its subsequent reduction. Our findings suggest that anti-Asian labor market discrimination was the predominate cause of the 1960 wage gap and that most of the 1960 to 1980 improvement in the relative wages of U.S.-born Asian men stemmed from a decline in anti-Asian discrimination. Although much of the policy focus of the civil rights era was directed at reducing discrimination against blacks, our findings suggest a prominent post-Civil Rights Act labor market effect for Asians. If these results hold up to further scrutiny, one interpretation is that the Civil Rights Act and accompanying activities, and/or concomitant changes in societal attitudes, benefited all minorities.