Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Partner Brand's Social Media Power in Brand Alliances

Managers frequently seek strategies to profit systematically from social media to increase product sales. By forming a brand alliance, they can acquire an installed social media base from a partner brand in an attempt to boost the sales of their composite products. Drawing from power theory, this article develops a conceptual model of the influence of the social media power of partner brands on brand alliance success. The proposed framework details the partner brand's social media power potential (size and activity of the social media network), social media power exertion (different posting behaviors and comments), and their interaction. The authors test this framework with an extensive data set from the film industry, in which films function as composite products and actors represent partner brands. The data set features 442 movies, including 1,318 actor–movie combinations and weekly social media data (including 41,547 coded Facebook posts). The authors apply a linear mixed-effects model, in which they account for endogeneity concerns. The partner brand's social media power potential, power exertion, and their interaction can all lead to higher composite product sales. By coding different types of product-related posts, this article provides estimates of their varying monetary value.
Scientific appraisal of the Irish grass-based milk production system as a sustainable source of premium quality milk and dairy products

Abstract The Irish dairy industry is critically important to the economy and general well-being of a large section of the Irish population. Its quality, sustainability and maintenance are the key for a vibrant rural society in the future. Two important elements for the future of this industry include (a) the quality, marketing and sale of dairy products on the export market and (b) sustainability from the perspectives of people, planet and profit. This paper provides a short review of current scientific evidence in relation to a number of topics, each of which is important in maintaining and developing dairy product quality and the sustainability of the Irish dairy industry. The topics addressed in the paper are as follows: the parameters of milk composition; milk processing; hygiene quality and safety; farm management practices and the regulations that govern such practices; animal health and welfare; environmental impacts; economic implications for farm families and rural communities; and the overall future sustainability of the family-based dairy farm structure.
Optimal Use of Sugar in Diets for Dairy Cattle

There are many different sources of dietary sugar for use in rations for dairy cattle. Common ingredients used to increase the dietary sugar concentration in North America include molasses-based products (beet or cane molasses and beet pulp), citrus products, or byproducts from cheese processing such as whey permeate. While these ingredients contain different types of monosaccharides and disaccharides, current dietary recommendations only pertain to total dietary sugar and total non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations and common analysis do not differentiate sugar type. This paper will review the potential of dietary sugar to modulate dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation and production outcomes for lactating dairy cattle, and will investigate whether identification of disaccharides should be included rather than a single classification system for sugar.
Intraday Business Model Strategies on Forex Markets: Comparing the Performance of Price Pattern Recognition Methods

We compare the performance of four (4) different special-purpose pattern recognition methods designed for trading systems in forex markets. Each of thesemethodshasbeenproperlydesignedtoexploithighlycompute-intensive aggregation calculations of complex but efficient distributed SQL queries on the relational databases holding the market data. Specifically, we have implemented several methods for discovering hidden price patterns in forex marketstime-seriesdatathatsignaltheshort-termdirectionofpricechangesof the market.We encoded the time series forex data using (a) Binary Rule based Approximation (BRA), appropriate for candlestick-based pattern recognition methods, (b) a Symbolic Aggregate approximation (SAX) technique, (c) a modified SAX technique, calledVolatility-Sized SAX algorithm (VSAX) and (d) a heuristic based on capturing local peaks and valleys in the time-series (called TP-SAX). Then, after processing the codified patterns (training and validating), we extracted those patterns whose accuracy exceeds a certain threshold, and stored them in a database. In the final stage, we use these discovered patterns in a trading system which only accepts as inputs only the estimatedprobabilitiesoffuturechangeinprices.Inourexperiments,weused
Keep Your Clunker in the Suburb: Low�?Emission Zones and Adoption of Green Vehicles

Spatial distribution and leakage effects are of great policy concern and increasingly discussed in the economics literature. Here we study Europe's most aggressive recent air pollution regulation: Low Emission Zones are areas in which vehicular access is allowed only to vehicles that emit low levels of air pollutants. Using new administrative datasets from Germany, we assess the distribution of air pollution and the spatial substitution effects in green versus dirty vehicles. We find that LEZs decrease air pollution by around nine percent in urban traffic centers while pollution is unchanged in non-traffic areas. These results are driven by our finding that vehicle owners have an incentive to adopt cleaner technologies the closer they live to an LEZ. We reject the widespread concern that dirty vehicles contribute to higher pollution levels by increasingly driving longer routes outside of the LEZ. Back of the envelope calculations suggest that the health benefits of roughly two billion dollars have come at a cost of just over 1 billion dollars for upgrading the fleet of vehicles. Moreover, we find that non-attainment cities that decided not to include an LEZ but engaged in other methods (building ring roads, enhancing public transportation), experience no decrease in pollution.
Dividends and Problem of Separation of Ownership and Control: Theory and Evidence from French Firms

This paper examines the determinants of dividends payout by focusing on the role of institutional and managerial ownership factors. It also highlights the impact of controlling shareholders on dividends payout ratios. It empirical studies the French context using a sample of 246 firms over a period of 11 years, extending from 1997 to 2007. The results indicate an inverse relationship between dividends payout and institutional ownership and support the negative effect of managerial ownership. The paper concludes, however, with the invalidity of the wealth expropriation hypothesis of minority shareholders by the controlling shareholders in both static and dynamic frameworks.
Uniform Asymptotic Physical Optics Solutions for a Set of Diffraction Problems

Scattering occurs when an object, inserted in the path of a propagating electromagnetic (EM) wave, modifies the field distribution in the surrounding space. The ability to describe and solve scattering problems is the key to very important applications such as planning radio links, designing antennas and identifying radar targets. In such frameworks one could resort purely numerical methods, f.i. , Finite Element Method (FEM) or Method of Moments (MoM), to generate a solution to the considered problem. Unfortunately such techniques have an inherent drawback: they are based on a discrete representation of the system, typically using cell sizes on the order of one-tenth the wavelength of the incident field. Because the number of degrees of freedom increases with frequency, the computation becomes computer-intensive (if not unmanageable) at high frequencies, where asymptotic methods work more efficient. One of these methods has received considerable attention during the last decades because of its peculiarities: the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) originated by J.B. Keller (Keller, 1962). What is the essence of this theory? It incorporates the diffraction phenomenon into the ray-oriented framework of the Geometrical Optics (GO), which is based on the assumption that waves can be represented by rays denoting the direction of travel of the EM energy, and that wave fields are characterised mathematically by amplitude, phase propagation factor and polarisation. Diffraction, like reflection and refraction GO mechanisms, is a local phenomenon at high frequencies and is determined by a generalisation of the Fermat principle. It depends on the surface geometry of the obstacle and on the incident field in proximity to the diffraction points creating discontinuities in the GO field at incidence and reflection shadow boundaries. When using GTD to solve a scattering problem, the first step is to resolve it to smaller and simpler components, each representing a canonical geometry, so that the total solution is a superposition of the contributions from each canonical problem. Accordingly, GTD allows one to solve a large number of real scattering problems by using the solutions of a relatively small number of model problems. In addition, it is simple to apply, it provides physical insight into the radiation and scattering mechanisms from the various parts of the structure, it gives accurate results that compare quite well with experiments and other methods, and it can be combined with numerically rigorous techniques to obtain hybrid methods. The GTD fails, however, in the boundary layers near caustics and GO shadow boundaries. Its uniform
AN X-RAY WHIM METAL ABSORBER FROM A Mpc-SCALE EMPTY REGION OF SPACE

We report a detection of an absorption line at ∼44.8 Å in a >500 ks Chandra HRC-S/LETG X-ray grating spectrum of the blazar H 2356-309. This line can be identified as intervening C v–Kα absorption, at z ≈ 0.112, produced by a warm (log T = 5.1 K) intergalactic absorber. The feature is significant at a 2. 9σ level (accounting for the number of independent redshift trials). We estimate an equivalent hydrogen column density of log NH = 19.05(Z/Z☉)−1 cm−2. Unlike other previously reported FUV/X-ray metal detections of warm–hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), this C v absorber lies in a region with locally low galaxy density, at ∼2.2 Mpc from the closest galaxy at that redshift, and therefore is unlikely to be associated with an extended galactic halo. We instead tentatively identify this absorber with an intervening WHIM filament possibly permeating a large-scale, 30 Mpc extended, structure of galaxies whose redshift centroid, within a cylinder of 7.5 Mpc radius centered on the line of sight to H 2356-309, is marginally consistent (at a 1.8σ level) with the redshift of the absorber.
The relationship between educational level and citizen preparedness to respond to natural disasters

This paper presents the results of quantitative research into the relationship between educational level and preparedness of citizens to respond to a natural disaster caused by the flood. Starting from the local communities in Serbia that are vulnerable to flooding, 19 of them were selected randomly out of 150 municipalities and 23 cities and the city of Belgrade. In survey research conducted in 2015, which included 2,500 respondents, a test strategy in households was applied with the use of a multi-stage random sample. The research results indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between educational level and the following variables: preventive measures; financial funds; engaged in the field; engaged in a reception center; visiting flooded areas; heavy rains; river level rise; and the level of preparedness, supplies in the home; radio-transistor; flashlight; shovel; hack; apparatus for firefighting; supplies in the car; first aid kit in the home and so on. On the other hand, there is no relationship with variables: media reports, information in religious community, on television, education on radio, informal education system. The research results can be used to improve citizen preparedness to respond to disasters caused by flooding. The survey set out recommendations for increasing the level of preparedness to respond in such situations with regard to the educational level of citizens.
RECONSTRUCTING MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGICAL ORGANISATION AT THE QIJIA JUE EARRING WORKSHOP IN WESTERN ZHOU (1046-771 BC) CHINA

This paper discusses the pattern of Qijia jue production in the Western Zhou dynasty at the predynastic capital site of Zhouyuan, from the aspects of manufacturing technology and technological organisation. The Qijia workshop exemplifies the use of natural resources in the local environment, in an operation based on principles of production efficiency, from raw material procurement to final manufacture. The reconstruction of manufacturing technology shows that jue production did not require much technological investment or complicated facilities, and that it could have been carried out under a "holistic" organisation of technology, where each working group was responsible for the full range of manufacturing steps from preforming to final refining.
Detecting Singularities of Stewart Platforms T . Charters

Abstract. A Stewart platform, also known as a hexapod positioner, is a parallel manipulator using an octahedral assembly of struts. There are six independently actuated legs, whose lengths determine the position and orientation of the platform. These devices may display instabilities associated with architectural singularities and the purpose of the present study is to propose an approach for their detection. The main point is the formulation of the direct problem (given the leg lengths, find the position and orientation, velocity and acceleration of the platform) in an appropriate coordinate system based on quaternions.
Usage of Facebook by University Students in Romania and Lithuania: A Comparative Study

Facebook is a social networking website which gained a huge popularity in the last decade among university students. Recent papers show that Facebook favors meeting new people, staying in touch with friends, getting useful information and knowledge, sharing of documents, joining groups and participating in group discussions. Although the usage of social networking websites in general and Facebook in particular has been extensively studied, this is little data available regarding the variations across countries, towns, and gender. This paper aims to comparatively analyze the results of two studies carried on in Lithuania and Romania. The data show that the reasons why university students are using Facebook differ from country to coun-try and from town to town. Female university students have larger Facebook networks and spend more time on Facebook than male university students.
Merging joint distributions via causal model classes with low VC dimension

If $X,Y,Z$ denote sets of random variables, two different data sources may contain samples from $P_{X,Y}$ and $P_{Y,Z}$, respectively. We argue that causal inference can help inferring properties of the 'unobserved joint distributions' $P_{X,Y,Z}$ or $P_{X,Z}$. The properties may be conditional independences or also quantitative statements about dependences. More generally, we define a learning scenario where the input is a subset of variables and the label is some statistical property of that subset. Sets of jointly observed variables define the training points, while unobserved sets are possible test points. To solve this learning task, we infer, as an intermediate step, a causal model from the observations that then entails properties of unobserved sets. Accordingly, we can define the VC dimension of a class of causal models and derive generalization bounds for the predictions. Here, causal inference becomes more modest and better accessible to empirical tests than usual: rather than trying to find a causal hypothesis that is 'true' (which is a problematic term when it is unclear how to define interventions) a causal hypothesis is useful whenever it correctly predicts statistical properties of unobserved joint distributions. Within such a 'pragmatic' application of causal inference, some popular heuristic approaches become justified in retrospect. It is, for instance, allowed to infer DAGs from partial correlations instead of conditional independences if the DAGs are only used to predict partial correlations. I hypothesize that our pragmatic view on causality may even cover the usual meaning in terms of interventions and sketch why predicting the impact of interventions can sometimes also be phrased as a task of the above type.
Entropy Entropy of teamwork : Multitasking and Effectiveness

Traditional social models discount the theoretical value of interdependence, the defining characteristic of social behavior, in favor of cooperation, a shift to least entropy production (LEP). But, theoretically, teams organized like distributed processors overlook the interdependence in multitasking. As a simple example of interdependence, foraging deer overgraze in forests free of predators. In our model, interdependence entails uncertainty, tradeoffs, and teamwork. Unlike individuals, the ability of teams to multitask reflects a quantum-like entanglement that suggests the application of maximum entropy production (MEP) to problems that improve social welfare. Our model supports findings in the literature that evolution in nature is driven by the MEP from intelligent choices. Exploiting interdependence improves team intelligence; forced cooperation dis-organizes it; e.g., if local cooperation improves teamwork, widespread forced cooperation under autocracies reduces social intelligence. In our model, competition between teams selforganizes outsiders willing to sort through the noise for signals of the choices that improve social welfare (e.g., juries in courtrooms). Social systems organized around competition (checks and balances) better control a society than autocracies due to their inefficiency in sizing teams to solve problems. Overall, we predict, the density of MEP directed at solving problems in a society able to freely self-organize its labor and capital is denser.
Smart Model for the Detection of False Digital Identity

An intrusion into a computer system is any activity that violates system integrity, confidentiality or data accessibility. Network intrusion detection system has been designed to provide protection from the malicious attack. Intrusion detection system can be classified as misuse detection for known attacks and anomaly detection for unknown attacks. In this paper we have designed a model which can detect known as well as known phishing attacks. This model is based on an algorithm link guard which utilizes general characteristics of the hyperlink in the email. The purpose of this study is to provide an effective mechanism for intrusion detection system with minimum false negatives. We have also analyzed the advantages of using Link guard over other preventive measures in the detection of phishing attacks.
MECHANOSORPTION OF CO 2 BY SILICATES : MECHANISM , KINETICS AND POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS

Mechanically induced CO2 extensive sorption by silicate minerals (labradorite, diopside, okermanite, ghelenite, and wollastonite) has been considered. The silicates mechanically activated in CO2 atmosphere in a planetary mill AGO-2 have been characterized using XRD and IR spectroscopy. Microand nanostructure of material resulting from mechanochemical interaction of diopside with CO2 were investigated using SEM and TEM. The obtained data suggest that CO2 penetrates the structurally disordered silicate matrix and “dissolves” in the particles volume with formation of homogeneous carbonate-silicate phase. Equations that reasonably good represent kinetics of CO2 mechanosorption by the silicates have been proposed. These equations enable to calculate mechanosorption coefficients characterizing the diffusivity of CO2 into disordered silicate matrix under intensive mechanical impact. Correlations between CO2 content in mechanically activated silicates and CO2 solubility in the corresponding melts, as well as between mechanosorption coefficients and CO2 diffusion coefficients in the melts have been revealed. Possible application of the revealed effect in improving of alkali-activated ferrous-magnesium slag binding materials has been discussed.
Theory of hyperbolic stratified nanostructures for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

We theoretically investigate the enhancement of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using hyperbolic stratified nanostructures and compare to metal nanoresonators. The photon Green function of each nanostructure within its environment is first obtained from a semi-analytical modal theory, which is used in a quantum optics formalism of the molecule-nanostructure interaction to model the SERS spectrum. An intuitive methodology is presented for calculating the single molecule enhancement factor (SMEF), which is also able to predict known experimental SERS enhancement factors of an example gold nano-dimer. We elucidate the important figures-of-merit of the enhancement and explore these for different designs. We find that the use of hyperbolic stratified materials can enhance the photonic local density of states (LDOS) by close to 2 times in comparison to pure metal nanostructures, when both designed to work at the same operating wavelengths. However, the increased LDOS is accompanied by higher electric field concentration within the lossy hyperbolic material, which leads to increased quenching that serves to reduce the overall detected SERS enhancement in the far field. For nanoresonators with resonant localized surface plasmon wavelengths in the near-infrared, the SMEF for the hyperbolic stratified nanostructure is approximately an order of magnitude lower than the pure metal counterpart. Conversely, we show that by detecting the Raman signal using a near-field probe, hyperbolic materials can provide an improvement in SERS enhancement compared to using pure metal nanostructures when the probe is sufficiently close (<50 nm) to the Raman active molecule at the plasmonic hotspot.
Theorizing about technological development of manufacturing companies: - a critique of the AMT construct as basis for research

The aim of the paper is to apply metatriangulation and theory building to strengthen our theorizing on technological development of manufacturing firms. AMT literature is reviewed and by means of bracketing, the paper identifies a set of problematic assumptions embedded within traditional AMT research. A case study is used to emphasize how a process perspective enriches the traditional structural perspective. Finally, through first attempts at theory building, a set of propositions is suggested in order to overcome long-standing problems found in AMT research.
Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Respiratory Diseases in the Elderly

Many infections occur more frequently in the elderly and are often associated with morbidity and mortality. Pneumonia, particularly due to Streptococcus pnuemoniae, is the most frequent cause of death in geriatric patients. After suffering influenza, there is a problem in that the elderly tend to get pneumonia as an influenza-related disease. Therefore, annual immunization against influenza and pneumococcal vaccines at the age of 65 years are recommended for all adults who are 65 years old and older (1). In this review, we address whether the protective efficacy of the influenza vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in the elderly with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be shown among recent epidemiological studies.