Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wax matters: absence of very-long-chain aldehydes from the leaf cuticular wax of the glossy11 mutant of maize compromises the prepenetration processes of Blumeria graminis

Conidial germination and differentiation, the so-called prepenetration processes, of the barley powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) are triggered in vitro by very-long-chain aldehydes, minor constituents of barley leaf wax. However, until now it has not been demonstrated that these cuticle-derived molecules also play a significant role in the initiation and promotion of the fungal prepenetration processes in vivo, on the surface of a living plant leaf. In the maize (Zea mays) wax mutant glossy11, which is completely devoid of cuticular very-long-chain aldehydes, germination and appressorial differentiation of B. graminis were strongly impeded. Spraying the mutant leaf surface with aldehyde-containing wild-type wax or pure n-hexacosanal (C26-aldehyde) fully restored fungal prepenetration, whereas maize wild-type leaf surfaces coated with n-docosanoic acid exhibited reduced conidial germination rates of 23%, and only 5% of the conidia differentiated infection structures. In vitro studies were performed to further corroborate the extensive prevention of fungal germination and differentiation in response to artificial surfaces coated with aldehyde-deficient maize wax. Because of its phenotype affecting the B. graminis prepenetration processes, the glossy11 mutation of maize may become a valuable molecular target and genetic tool that could provide a means of developing basal powdery mildew resistance in the globally important crops wheat and barley.
Alocação ótima de geração distribuída em redes de distribuição utilizando algoritmo híbrido baseado em cuckoo search e algoritmo genético

This thesis presents a novel Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm called Cuckoo-GRN (Cuckoo Search with Genetically Replaced Nests), which incorporates the benefits of genetic algorithm (GA) into the CS algorithm. The proposed method handles the abandoned nests from CS more efficiently by genetically replacing them, significantly improving the performance of the algorithm by establishing optimal balance between diversification and intensification. The algorithm is used for the optimal location and size of distributed generation units in a distribution system, in order to minimise active power losses while improving system voltage stability and voltage profile. The allocation of single and multiple distribution generation units is considered. The proposed algorithm is extensively tested in mathematical benchmark functions as well as in the 33-bus and 119-bus distribution systems. Simulation results show that Cuckoo-GRN can lead to a substantial performance improvement over the original CS algorithm and others techniques currently known in literature, regarding not only the convergence but also the solution accuracy.
Speculations on the growth rate and reproduction of some dinosaurs

If the dinosaurs Protoceratops grangeri and Hypselosaurus sp. grew at rates predicted for their body size from extant reptiles, their expected ages at reproductive maturity would be about 20 and 62 yr respectively. This calculation assumes that dinosaurs grew at ectothermic rates which are about an order of magnitude slower than those of endothermic vertebrates of the same body size. Such delayed reproductive maturity may have set a premium on selection for high juvenile survivorship that is reflected in the relatively large eggs of these dinosaurs and in their only moderately large clutch sizes compared to modern reptiles.
Hydrogenated Neem Oil: Preparation, Formulation and Appraisal

Neem oil (0.023% Aza-A) was hydrogenated employing Adams’ catalyst at 200 psi (13.6 atm) pressure of hydrogen gas to yield a 43% conversion of Aza-A to its 22, 23-dihydro derivative. Emulsifiable concentrates of neem oil/hydrogenated neem oil (25% w/w oil basis in solvent ceenine, employing 5% w/w of a 1:1 mixture of Tween-20 and IGSURF-6000 as emulsifier) complying with the various physico-chemical requirements (emulsion stability, flash point, acidity and low temperature stability) were developed. The insect growth inhibitory and antifeedant activity of the pre and post-heat stored neem oil/hydrogenated neem oil, and their formulations, against Spodoptera litura did not differ significantly. At 5 and 10 ml kg−1 seed treatment, both the formulations did not affect the seed germination in bottle gourd and sponge gourd, but reduced it in okra (34%) and green gram (5–10%). One per cent emulsions from the formulations showed no phytotoxicity against the 10 d old seedlings of green gram, bottle gourd and sponge gourd but 2 and 3% levels showed some burning symptoms as well as the stunted growth of seedlings. The treated seedlings recovered to normal after 10 d of spray.
DOES SUCCESSIVE CAMBIA DIFFERENTIATION IN AVICENNIA DEPEND ON LEAF AND BRANCH INITIATION

ABSTRACT In Avicennia germinans, A. resinifera and A. marina no correlation was found between the number of successive anomalous rings in the internodes and sylleptic shoots and the number of leaves that developed above an internode. This suggests that leaf and lateral branch formation have no immediate effect on new cambium initiation. The results show that although there is some correlation between the internode location along the shoot (radial increment) and the number of rings, initiation of successive cambia might be regulated by the overall vigour of growth rather than by the simple sequence of leaf and lateral branch formation.
IMPORTANCE OF TRIBUTARY STREAMS FOR RAINBOW TROUT REPRODUCTION: INSIGHTS FROM A SMALL STREAM IN GEORGIA AND A BI‐GENOMIC APPROACH

Tributaries of tailwater fisheries in the southeastern USA have been used for spawning by stocked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but their importance may have been underestimated using traditional fish survey methods such as electrofishing and redd counts. We used a bi‐genomic approach, mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci, to estimate the number of spawning adults in one small tributary (Cabin Creek) of the Chattahoochee River, Georgia, where rainbow trout are known to spawn and have successful recruitment. We extracted and analysed DNA from seven mature male rainbow trout and four juveniles that were captured in February 2006 in Cabin Creek and from 24 young‐of‐year (YOY) trout that were captured in April 2006. From these samples, we estimated that 24 individuals were spawning to produce the amount of genetic variation observed in the juveniles and YOY, although none of the mature males we sampled were indicated as sires. Analysis of the mitochondrial D‐loop region identified four distinct haplotypes, suggesting that individuals representing four maternal lineages contributed to the offspring. Our analyses indicated that many more adults were spawning in this system than previously estimated with direct count methods and provided insight into rainbow trout spawning behavior. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deep, hierarchical divergence of mitochondrial DNA in Amplirhagada land snails (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from the Bonaparte Archipelago, Western Australia

Continental islands have experienced cycles of isolation and connection. Although complex genetic patterns have been described for mainland species affected by glacial cycles of isolation, island biotas have received little attention. We examined mitochondrial DNA in Amplirhagada land snails from 16 islands and two adjacent mainland areas of the Bonaparte Archipelago, in the Kimberley region of northern Western Australia. Four major clades, with sequence divergence of 16–27% in the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, correspond to the major geographic groupings, separated by 10–160 km. Distinct lineages also characterize islands that are only a few kilometres apart. The large differences indicate that the lineages are much older than the islands themselves, and show no evidence of geologically recent connection. Three of the major clades match the morphological description of Amplirhagada alta. Either this named species comprises several morphologically cryptic species, or it is a single, genetically very diverse species, distributed over much of the Bonaparte Archipelago. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 100, 141–153.
The influence of lion predation on the population dynamics of common large ungulates in the Kruger National Park : research article

The impact of lion ( Panthera leo ) predation on buffalo ( Syncerus caffer ) and medium-sized ungulates over periods of changing environmental conditions in an area of the Kruger National Park was investigated. Lions were found to prey proportionally most heavily on the resident buffalo and wildebeest ( Connochaetes taurinus ) populations, and less so on the semi-migratory zebra ( Equus burchelli ) population, and have the least impact on the high-density impala ( Aepyceros melampus ) population. The selection was largely in accordance with the abundance of the larger species, but not for impala, which were relatively under-represented in the diet. Zebra and wildebeest were preyed upon more frequently during periods of high rainfall, and less so during drier times, leading to relative population stability. In contrast to wildebeest and zebra, the buffalo population varied in accordance with ecological conditions, with strong evidence for an interaction between drought conditions and lion predation. Male lions preyed more heavily on buffalo than did females, the latter preying mostly on impala, wildebeest, and zebra. However, lionesses did prey on buffalo more frequently during drier periods than during wet periods. Calving and survival rates determined for buffalo were used to parameterize a simulation model, which incorporated ecological conditions and culling pressure on a yearly basis, to predict buffalo population trends. The resultant model closely tracked real population trends, whichmay be of use in future projections.
Simultaneous Fluorometric and Colorimetric Detection of Carbohydrates on Silica Gel Plates using o-Aminobenzenesulfonic Acid

Rapid, simple and sensitive detection of carbohydrates on thin layer plates was achieved by utilizing o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid-H3PO4 reagent, which was found to be stable in solution. This method facilitated the simultaneous fluorometric and colorimetric detection of carbohydrates with excellent sensitivity. This method was also applied for the determination of sugars using a scanning fluorophotometer.
Morphological and biochemical genetic evidence for hybridization in the genus Centella (Apiaceae), with notes on phylogenetic and taxonomic implica­tions

The main aim of this paper is to explore the occurrence of hybridization in the genus Centella . Morphological as well as genetic characters are investigated to confirm the identity of a putative hybrid between C. triloba and C. macrocarpa . These two independent data sets, one from enzyme electrophoresis and one from morphology, are compared and interpreted by means of cladistic analysis. Centella glauca and C. virgata were included in the analysis and the effect of hybridization on cladistics is demonstrated. Hybridization gives a new perspective on infrageneric relationships within the genus Centella , as it may have obscured discontinuities between previously discrete infrageneric groups.
Parent’s accuracy of perception regarding children’s basic psychological need satisfaction

Deci, E. L. , & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the selfdetermination of behavior. Psychological inquiry, 11, 227-268. Grolnick, W. S. , Ryan, R. M. , & Deci, E. L. (1991). Inner resources for school achievement: Motivational mediators of children's perceptions of their parents. Journal of educational psychology, 83, 508-517. Lee, W. , & Reeve, J. (2012). Teachers’ estimates of their students’ motivation and engagement: Being in synch with students. Educational Psychology, 32, 727-747. Mageau, G. A. , Sherman, A. , Grusec, J. E. , Koestner, R. , & Bureau, J. S. (2016). Different ways of knowing a child and their relations to mother reported autonomy support. Social Development. Advance online publication. Murayama, K. , Pekrun, R. , Suzuki, M. , Marsh, H. W. , & Lichtenfeld, S. (2016). Don’t aim too high for your kids: Parental overaspiration undermines students’ learning in mathematics. Journal of personality and social psychology, 111, 766-779. Nishimura, T. , & Suzuki, T. (2016). Basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration in Japan: controlling for the big five personality traits. Japanese Psychological Research, 58, 320-331. Soenens, B. , Vansteenkiste, M. , Luyckx, K. , & Goossens, L. (2006). Parenting and adolescent problem behavior: an integrated model with adolescent self-disclosure and perceived parental knowledge as intervening variables. Developmental psychology, 42, 305-318. (2000). , , , , 71, 317-324. ( JSPS JP16H06406 ) (親) Step . 09 . 12 . 22 * . 24 * . 16 . 18 . 04 . 02 -. 02 -. 01 . 06 . 03 -. 01 -. 03 . 02 -. 02 -. 02 -. 01 . 02 . 03 . 04 . 02 -. 14 -. 14 -. 07 -. 03 -. 03 . 00 . 01 . 05 -. 05 -. 02 -. 09 ** -. 05 -. 06 * -. 04 . 00 . 01 . 04 . 05 . 02 . 02 . 17 *** . 09 * . 11 *** . 06 . 34 *** . 23 *** ( ) . 20 * . 02 -. 01 ( ) . 06 . 23 ** . 03 ( ) . 09 . 06 . 32 *** R 2 . 12 ** . 26 *** . 12 ** . 26 *** . 36 *** . 50 *** Adj R 2 . 08 ** . 21 *** . 08 ** . 22 *** . 33 *** . 47 *** Δ R 2 . 14 *** . 14 *** . 14 *** ***p <. 001, **p <. 01, *p <. 05 1 2 1 2 1 2
EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE CONDITION ON FITNESS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER :II. FECUNDITY AND MORTALITY

It is well known that one component of fitness in Drosophila, pre-adult viability, varies with larval density (Lewontin 1955; Lewontin and Matsuo 1963), nutritional condition (Ohba 1961; Palabost 1972) and temperature (Parsons 1959; Beardmore and Levine 1963; Dawood and Strickberger 1964; Young 1970). In addition, another pre-adult fitness component, depelopmental time, is influenced by larval density and temperature (Ohnishi 1976). Though the effects of various environments on pre-adult fitness components have been extensively studied, their effects on fecundity (egg production) have been largely neglected, in spite of the important contribution of fecundity to total fitness. Furuya and Mori (1961) reported thet the number of eggs laid by adult flies was affected by adult density and by nutritional conditions. Also, Oshima and Kawanishi (1969) showed that mean number of eggs was smaller under a fluctuating temperature than under a constant one. In this vein, Oshima et al. (1972), Oshima and Choo (1971) and Choo and Oshima (1974) reported that fecundity or oviposition pattern was strongly affected by light conditions. Moreover, longevity, which is closely related to fecundity, was greater under fluctuating light conditions than under constant ones (Erk and Samis 1970). The present study was mainly designed to investigate how fecundity (mean number of eggs per female per day for 20 days) is influenced by adult density and fluctuating temperature. In addition, the relationship of fecundity to mortality was studied under various environmental conditions by correlation analysis.
Disrupting cxcr2 macromolecular complex pdz-domain interactions during inflammatory chemotaxis

DISRUPTING CXCR2 MACROMOLECULAR COMPLEX PDZ-DOMAIN INTERACTIONS DURING INFLAMMATORY CHEMOTAXIS by MARCELLO P. CASTELVETERE August 2012 Advisor: Dr. Chunying Li Major: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Degree: Master of Science Neutrophils are the body’s first responders to inflammation being the most abundant white blood cell type in circulation and they quickly initiate an immune response through chemokine signaling. Inflammatory chemokines signal via their receptor CXCR2, which initiates an inflammatory response, recruiting leukocytes to sites of inflammation. Chemokine signaling is important for proper host protection, yet uncontrolled activity is responsible for a variety of pathological conditions: including rheumatoid arthritis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, arteriosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and allergic reactions. In this report I show a CXCR2 macromolecular signaling complex exists in neutrophils containing NHERF1 and PLCβ2. I also demonstrate a novel strategy of cytosolically perturbing the CXCR2 PDZ-domain interaction of the macromolecular complex. This perturbation disrupts spatial sensation of a chemokine gradient, yet still allows cells to mobilize actin and chemotax. Furthermore, I show CXCR2 PDZ-domain perturbation does not disrupt migration through bacterial derived chemoattractant receptors.
12 Herpes Simplex Viruses

Herpesviruses have been isolated from humans and many different animal species, and they vary considerably with respect to host range and biological properties. There are at least five distinct human herpesviruses, namely, herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The differential characteristics of the herpesvirus family are a linear, double-stranded DNA genome, ranging in molecular weight from approximately 80 × 10 6 to 150 × 10 6 ; an icosahedral nucleocapsid exhibiting 162 capsomers on the surface; and a membranous envelope, which is acquired as the nucleocapsid buds through virus-modified patches of cellular membrane. Although the clinical syndromes associated with HSV infections have been known for centuries and the virus was isolated and grown in a heterologous host over 50 years ago, both the viruses and the virologists interested in them languished in relative obscurity for many years. The recent awakening of interest can be attributed to five factors: (1) HSV has become a major cause of venereal infections that have reached a quasi-epidemic stage with few real prospects for control and treatment, although these are widely discussed. (2) The full range of severe clinical syndromes resulting from infection by these viruses has only recently been fully appreciated; they are indeed life-threatening to the newborn and to the immunologically compromised host (Nahmias and Roizman 1973; Rawls 1973). (3) A number of herpesviruses that infect humans and animals have been associated with cancer, and HSV has become suspect as a possible cause of.
Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Nucleic-Acid-Based Methods Used in the Microbial Safety Assessment of Milk and Dairy Products.

Despite great advances in the diagnostics and better awareness for food safety and security worldwide, significant numbers of foodborne outbreaks have been traced back to the consumption of milk and dairy products contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. , Campylobacter spp. , and pathogenic Escherichia coli. Several culture-dependent and culture-independent nucleic acid-based methods have been proposed to identify, detect, and type milk- and dairyborne pathogenic bacteria. In our review, we will provide an overview on why it is of utmost importance to ascertain the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in milk and milk products; thereafter, we will describe the most commonly used culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, as well as the most attractive ones with regard to their future exploitation, providing the reader with new insights into how and when they can be exploited to ensure the enumeration, and accurate detection at both species and strain level of the most important milk- and dairyborne pathogenic bacteria, even if in a viable but nonculturable state.
Presencia de Phomopsis viticola (Saccardo) Saccardo, agente causal de excoriosis, en viñedos de Córdoba, Argentina

Desde 2001 se observan en vinedos de Cordoba, Argentina, hojas de Vitis vinifera y V. la brusca con manchas cloroticas y centro necrotico. Las plantas presentan nervaduras, peciolos, raquis y entrenudos con puntos necroticos que al confluir agrietan el tejido cortical. Las bayas pueden marchitarse y desprenderse.En invierno los sarmientos toman color blanquecino con manchas negras, y en ellos y en organos secos aparecen picnidios con cirros blanco-crema con conidios alfa y beta. El objetivo fue confirmar la presencia de Phomopsis viticola (excoriosis)y cuantificar su incidencia. Se realizaron aislamientos a partir de peciolos,brotes, zarcillos, bayas y sarmientos que produjeron micelio claro con picnidiosy conidios alfa (7,5m±1,5 x 2,8m±2) y beta (19m±1 x 1,2m±0,5) o solo alfa, tipicosde P. viticola. La identificacion fue confirmada mediante secuenciacion molecular.En brotes de las variedades Malbec y Pinot noir inoculados con 3 104 conidios/mL,las hojas mostraron lesiones y picnidios 8 dias despues, y las bayas cirros amarillosa los 15-18 dias. P. viticola (Sacc.) Sacc. fue reaislado de los cirros y las colonias produjeron picnidios y conidios caracteristicos 10-20 dias despues. Se detecto excoriosis en 80% de los vinedos evaluados, con mayor incidencia envinedos anosos de las variedades Pinot noir e Isabella.
Towards Getting Generic Programming Ready for Prime Time

This thesis aims at making Datatype Generic Programming more useful in practice. We extend the fixed-point view as introduced by PolyP in order to support systems of mutually recursive datatypes. The new improved view allows us to define generic functions that were previously usable only on regular datatypes. Such examples of generic functions include the zipper, generic rewriting and fold. This thesis explores the problem of generic rewriting and that of extending a datatype with a meta-variable case without modifying its definition. We also compare various approaches to generic programming in Haskell. Finally, we apply generic programming to the problem of generating well-typed terms.