Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The lifetime prevalence of anabolic-androgenic steroid use and dependence in Americans: current best estimates.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although various surveys have tracked the prevalence of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use in American teenagers and young adults, no recent surveys have assessed the lifetime prevalence of AAS use in Americans overall. We therefore analyzed serial youth-survey data to derive estimates of the lifetime prevalence of AAS use in the current American general population. METHODS We first determined the distribution of age of onset of AAS use, based on pooled data from nine studies. Using this distribution, we then developed equations to project the eventual lifetime prevalence of AAS use among young survey respondents, once they aged and completed the period of risk for initiating AAS. We similarly calculated the denominator of lifetimes of risk for AAS use in the total American population. We next applied these equations to four independent national youth datasets to derive current American general-population estimates for lifetime AAS use. Finally, using data from 10 pooled studies, we estimated the lifetime prevalence of AAS dependence among AAS users. RESULTS Age-of-onset studies consistently showed that AAS use begins later than most drugs, with only 22% of users (95% confidence interval: 19-25%) starting before age 20. Applying the age-of-onset findings to national youth datasets, we estimated that among Americans currently age 13-50 years, 2.9-4.0 million have used AAS. Within this group, roughly 1 million may have experienced AAS dependence. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Although subject to various limitations, our estimation techniques suggest a surprisinigly high prevalence of AAS use and dependence among Americans.
Towards an International Computer Science Grid

Summary form only given. The computer science discipline, especially in large scale distributed systems like grids and P2P systems and in high performance computing areas, tends to address issues related to increasingly complex systems, gathering thousands to millions of non trivial components. In this paper, we present two computer science grids: Grid'5000 and DAS3. We describe the motivations, design and current status of these two systems. We also present some of their key results, not only in terms of scientific results in computer science, but also the impact of these two systems as research tools. The success of Grid'5000 and DAS platforms is the basis of an international initiative, having the objective to deploy a European level "computer science grid".
Systematic Study of Reynolds Stress Closure Models in the Computations of Plane Channel Flows

Abstract : This paper investigates the roles of pressure-strain and turbulent diffusion models in the numerical calculation of turbulent plane channel flows with second-moment closure models. Three turbulent diffusion and five pressure- strain models are utilized in the computations. The main characteristics of the mean flow and the turbulent fields are compared against experimental data. All the features of the mean flow are correctly predicted by all but one of the Reynolds stress closure models. The Reynolds stress anisotropies in the log layer are predicted to varying degrees of accuracy (good to fair) by the models. None of the models could predict correctly the extent of relaxation towards isotropy in the wake region near the center of the channel. Results from the direct numerical simulation are used to further clarify this behaviour of the models.
Le flux de l’information: aspects syntaxiques et discursifs

Le but de ce travail est l’etude des capacites linguistiques d’enfants scolarises en ZEP. Partant du constat que l’adolescence est une periode clef du developpement de l’expression orale et ecrite en situation monologique (Berman, 2006), les productions de trois groupes d’enfants d’âges differents ont ete analysees. Les textes ont ete produits dans divers contextes de production. Nous etudions alors le passage de l’enfant du statut de « native speaker » a celui de « proficient speaker » (Berman, 2008:2). L’enfant, apres avoir acquis des unites et des regles linguistiques, doit apprendre a s’adapter aux differents contextes communicationnels. Ce travail se concentre essentiellement sur une thematique specifique : les syntagmes nominaux dans une perspective syntaxique, developpementale et discursive. Notre analyse des syntagmes nominaux est fortement inspiree par l’hypothese de la Preferred Argument Structure (Du Bois 1987) et examine la cohesion referentielle des textes produits. Notre but est ainsi de montrer : (1) que les choix syntaxiques sont gouvernes par les contraintes communicationnelles et (2) que ces contraintes communicationnelles varient selon le contexte.
Anti-stress effect of Centella asiatica in rats

Stress is considered to cause psychosomatic disorders. A group of plant based drugs, the adaptogens, increase the capacity of body to respond to stressful stimuli. Panax ginseng, a known adaptogen was taken as a standard drug. The present study evaluated adaptogenic/antistress potential of high altitude medicinal plant, Centella asiatica in a widely accepted immobilization stress model in rats. Male SD rats were exposed to immobilization once for 150 min only in acute stress and 7 consecutive days for chronic stress. This model has been shown to induce significant physiological, biochemical and neurochemical perturbations during acute and chronic stress exposure which could be attenuated by putative adaptogenic agents in rats. After stress, rats were sacrificed immediately, blood was collected and plasma separated for biochemical estimation. The biochemical estimation of plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, corticosterone and creatine kinase in stressed rats pretreated with Centella asiatica at different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o) showed that it imparted adaptogenic/antistress activity.
Characterization of Molecular Mimicry Between UL18 Glycoprotein of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Class-I MHC Molecule through Pattern-based Analysis: An In-silico Approach

Viral replication occurs using the host cell synthesis mechanisms and they are able to exploit the mechanisms of nucleic acid replication and protein translation machinery. Viral proteins require a target to fit subcellular compartments of the host cell and localized in different cellular compartments including the nucleus. Human Cytomegalovirus downregulates expression of traditional class-I MHC [Major Histocompatibility Complex] molecules at the infected cell surface and allows the infected cells to avoid acknowledgment by cytotoxic T-cells. In the present study, we have focused on generally accessible online and offline computational tools to examine practical and fundamental characteristics of the most conserved domain [CD] of UL18 gene along with the viral class-I MHC molecule. Six open reading frames [ORF] were reanalyzed by selecting start codon. Site-specific homology was determined to the MHC class-I molecule [19 to 197 residual position; ID: pfam00129, E-value: 3.26e-14]. The predicted protein architecture contained about 28.90% helices [107 residues] and 10.32% strands [38 residues]. The tertiary structure represented that 276 residues [75% of sequence] were modeled by the single highest scoring template with 100% confidence and the structure represents a peptide-binding viral MHC mimic, apprenticed to a host inhibitory receptor [pdb code-3d2u]. Thus, our analysis suggests that the homologous sequence corresponding to MHC class-I gene is situated between 19 and 200th residues of UL18 ORF and the recognition domain was identified with significant E-value. Our study also demonstrated that the ORF18 is homologous to the Ig-superfamily in 229-289th position. Therefore, these domains were found to date homologous in HCMV proteins suggesting a particular functional role during infection. In light of the above, further experimental steps are needed to elucidate the exact role of the UL18 during infections.
Diagnostic Immunopathology in 21ST Century Dermatology Part II: Basement Membrane and Vascular Reactions

Immunofluorescence techniques in dermatology involve the detection of autoantibodies directed against target antigens in human skin. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence, salt split skin technique, immunoelectron microscopy and immunoblotting remain relevant and often fi rst-line diagnostic tools. Recently developed enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) which utilize recombinant proteins to detect serum antibodies demonstrate high sensitivity and specifi city in many skin conditions. The ELISA using the NC16a domain of bullous pemphigoid antigen-2 (180 kDa) is an important adjunct tool in the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, anti-epiligrin cicatricial pemphigoid, lichen planus pemphigoides and pemphigoid gestationis. The ELISA utilizing the NC1 domain of type VII collagen is relevant in the diagnosis of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. In dermatitis herpetiformis, the use of both the indirect immunofl uorescence method to detect IgA anti-endomysial antibodies and the tissue transglutaminase, ELISA increases diagnostic sensitivity. In the diagnosis of necrotizing vasculitis, ELISAs using cardiolipin have been developed to detect antibodies in Henoch-Schonlein purpura, while ELISAs using proteinase-3 and myeloperoxidase were studied for the diagnosis of Wegener’s granulomatosis. The differential diagnosis of other immunofl uorescence patterns like cytoid bodies, epidermal nuclear fl uorescence are also discussed. (Dermatol Sinica 26: 191-227, 2008)
The convergence of completed fertility for migrant generations

Previous research has attempted to test migrant fertility convergence, but has failed to define this concept in detail, or develop an agreed methodology. This may explain why the literature on convergence remains fragmented, with a confusing array of competing hypotheses and explanations. After reviewing alternative definitions of convergence, this paper compares convergence (towards native fertility levels) within, between, and across migrant generations. Unlike much previous research, completed fertility is used, which allows particular hypotheses to be isolated, and avoids the results being confounded due to birth timing differentials. Completed fertility is estimated using recently released data for the UK, and the analysis makes use of negative binomial regression models. In aggregate, the results show evidence of convergence between, within, and across generations, thereby supporting the adaptation hypothesis. However, analysis by ancestral origin shows that evidence of convergence is highly dependent the definition of convergence that is used. For the cohorts of UK women analysed here, this is most notable for women from Bangladesh, New Zealand, Canada, Australia and the USA. However, there is fairly strong evidence of adaptation for women from Ireland and Jamaica, and of cultural entrenchment for South Asian migrants. These conclusions remain unchanged after considering social characteristics (i.e. comparing to a more similar the native benchmark), but the results for men show noticeably differences, particularly for first generation adult migrants.
An analysis of supersonic flows with low-Reynolds number compressible two-equation turbulence models using LU finite volume implicit numerical techniques

A generalized flow solver using an implicit Lower-upper (LU) diagonal decomposition based numerical technique has been coupled with three low-Reynolds number kappa-epsilon models for analysis of problems with engineering applications. The feasibility of using the LU technique to obtain efficient solutions to supersonic problems using the kappa-epsilon model has been demonstrated. The flow solver is then used to explore limitations and convergence characteristics of several popular two equation turbulence models. Several changes to the LU solver have been made to improve the efficiency of turbulent flow predictions. In general, the low-Reynolds number kappa-epsilon models are easier to implement than the models with wall-functions, but require much finer near-wall grid to accurately resolve the physics. The three kappa-epsilon models use different approaches to characterize the near wall regions of the flow. Therefore, the limitations imposed by the near wall characteristics have been carefully resolved. The convergence characteristics of a particular model using a given numerical technique are also an important, but most often overlooked, aspect of turbulence model predictions. It is found that some convergence characteristics could be sacrificed for more accurate near-wall prediction. However, even this gain in accuracy is not sufficient to model the effects of an external pressure gradient imposed by a shock-wave/ boundary-layer interaction. Additional work on turbulence models, especially for compressibility, is required since the solutions obtained with base line turbulence are in only reasonable agreement with the experimental data for the viscous interaction problems.
Evaluation of bacterial strains for the induction of plant biochemicals, nutritional contents and isozymes in barley

Acetobacter aceti was successfully used to induce transcriptional analysis, plant biochemical profile and nutritional contents in barley. Association of barley and microbial strain AC8 was reported best combination among other eight microbial strains of Bacillus in this study. AC8 microbial strain was identified as A. aceti from Fungal Culture Bank, Institute of Agricultural Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Different strains of A. aceti i.e., AC1, AC2, AC3… AC8 were analyzed as plant inducers and AC8 was screened out as best inducer in barley. It induced highest quantities of plant biochemical (i.e., phytosterols, phenolics, alkaloids and terpenoids) in barley. Current study revealed that among eight microbial strains AC8 had maximum potential to increase ascorbic acid, panthothenic acid, pyridoxine, thiamine and riboflavin in barley than other microbial strains. AC8 screened out among other microbial strains on the basis of its high vitamins induction potential. AC3 plus AC6 were reported second in the recorded list although other strains had a chronological reduction in vitamins as AC2>AC7>AC4>AC5 and AC1. Further evaluation of AC8 was done to check its efficiency for biochemicals, nutritional and isozyme contents induction in barley. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and DMRT through DSAASTAT.
Modulation of Oxidative Damage by Green and Black Tea: Role of Smokingand Gender in a Randomized Trial

Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated as an important modulator of human health and can play a role in both disease prevention and disease development. Objectives: The overall goal of this study was to determine the effects of high tea consumption on biological markers of oxidative stress that mediate lung cancer risk, including, 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG) and F2-isoprostanes (8-iso-PGF2α). Design: We completed a 6-month randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial in a group of former and current smokers who were randomized to receive green or black tea preparations or a matching placebo. Results: A total of 146 participants (80 females and 66 males) completed the study. At the end of the 6-month intervention, female smokers in the green tea group showed a 35% decrease (p=0.04) in DNA damage while female former smokers in the black tea group showed a 26% decrease (p=0.015) in lipid damage. No significant changes in markers of oxidative stress were observed in men. Conclusion: This data confirm our previous findings related to the beneficial effect of green tea on oxidative DNA damage among female smokers. The significant beneficial effect of black tea on oxidative lipid damage as well as the gender difference merit further studies.
The Problem of Structural Type Tests in a Gradual-Typed Language

The Grace programming language includes structural type tests and gradual typing. We demonstrate that this combination results in a mismatch. In particular, structural type tests (but not structural type assertions) can cause programs to give different results after typing annotations are added. We review the current uses of type tests in Grace programs and propose potential ways forward, all of which have their own drawbacks.
Bone Thermal Modelling for Magnetic Resonance Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Therapy of Osteoid Osteoma with Human Clinical Data

Introduction: MR-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) is used to treat osteoid osteomas (OOs). However, there is uncertainty about inadvertent injury. This uncertainty can be addressed by MRgHIFU heat transfer simulation within bone. The research goal is to develop a simulator that can accurately and efficiently predict the temperature after the treatment sonication time. Methods: A simulator was developed with three main components: automatic bone segmentation, an acoustic model, and a heat transfer model. The simulated data was compared with the clinical MRgHIFU sonication data. Results: With automatic segmentation, the average maximum temperature difference after sonication, with the clinical data was 2.1±9.5 ◦C. The maximum simulation time was 119.5 seconds. Conclusions: The results revealed that the simulator could accurately and efficiently predict the maximum temperature after 20 second sonications. A robust MRgHIFU bone thermal simulation platform has the potential to significantly improve the safety and efficiency of MRgHIFU treatment.
The role of surface rheology in liquid film formation

The role of surface rheology in fundamental fluid dynamical systems, such as liquid coating flows and soap film formation, is poorly understood. We investigate the role of surface viscosity in the classical film-coating problem. We propose a theoretical model that predicts film thickening based on a purely surface-viscous theory. The theory is supported by a set of new experimental data that demonstrates slight thickening even at very high surfactant concentrations for which Marangoni effects are irrelevant. The model and experiments represent a new regime that has not been identified before.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN MINING ON TRAJECTORY DATA USING ARM

Preliminary mobile was considered to be a device to make human connections easier. But today the consumption of this device has been evolved to a platform for gaming, web surfing and GPS-enabled application capabilities. Embedding GPS in handheld devices, altered them to significant trajectory data gathering facilities. Raw GPS trajectory data is a series of points which contains hidden information. For revealing hidden information in traces, trajectory data analysis is needed. One of the most beneficial concealed information in trajectory data is user activity patterns. In each pattern, there are multiple stops and moves which identifies users visited places and tasks. This paper proposes an approach to discover user daily activity patterns from GPS trajectories using association rules. Finding user patterns needs extraction of user's visited places from stops and moves of GPS trajectories. In order to locate stops and moves, we have implemented a place recognition algorithm. After extraction of visited points an advanced association rule mining algorithm, called Apriori was used to extract user activity patterns. This study outlined that there are useful patterns in each trajectory that can be emerged from raw GPS data using association rule mining techniques in order to find out about multiple users' behaviour in a system and can be utilized in various location-based applications. (Less)
Analysis of the Models of Motion of Aqueous Solutions of Polymers on the Basis of Their Exact Solutions

The qualitative properties of solutions of a hereditary model of motion of aqueous solutions of polymers, its modification in the limiting case of short relaxation times, and a similar second grade fluid model are studied. Unsteady shear flows are considered. In the first case, their properties are similar to those of motion of a usual viscous fluid. Other models can include weak discontinuities, which are retained in the course of fluid motion. Exact solutions are found by using the group analysis of the examined systems of equations. These solutions describe the fluid motion in a gap between coaxial rotating cylinders, the stagnation point flow, and the motion in a half-space induced by plane rotation (analog of the Karman vortex). The problem of motion of an aqueous solution of a polymer in a cylindrical tube under the action of a streamwise pressure gradient is considered. In this case, a flow with straight-line trajectories is possible (analog of the Hagen-Poiseuille flow). In contrast to the latter, however, the pressure in the flow considered here depends on all three spatial variables.
Effects of Azospirillum amazonense and Bacillus subtilis on High-Yielding Rice (cv. Ma Lam 213) Cultivated on Sandy Loam Soils of Phu Yen Province, Vietnam

Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of two endophytic bacterial strains (Azospirillum amazonense SHL70, Bacillus subtilisTAL4) together with different levels of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the growth and grain yield of high-yielding rice (cv. Ma Lam 213) cultivated on silty clay loam soils of Dong Hoa district and Tuy An district, Phu Yen province, Vietnam in Summer-Autumn 2014 cropping-season. The results of two field trials showed that bacterial inoculation in rice plants (either SHL70 or TAL4 and especially mixture of SHL70 and TAL4) plus 60 kg N and 40 kg P2O5/ha having yield components and grain yield were not significant difference with those of rice only applying 120 kg N and 80 kg P2O5/ha without inoculation therefore both of bacteria strains provided 50% biological nitrogen and available phosphorus quantity for high-yielding rice requirement, improvement of quality grain and soil fertility of Dong Hoa district and Tuy An district, Phu Yen province.
Recommending Texts to Children with an Expert in the Loop

In this position paper we discuss a number of open problems we believe the community should address in order to enhance the recommendation task for children. We specifically outline algorithmic and evaluation limitations when it comes to recommending reading materials for children in the classroom setting. Furthermore, we focus on the need to involve an expert (e.g., teacher) as part of the recommendation process to better serve the population under study.
Th e T 945 M Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Bovine Leptin Receptor Gene in Population of Slovak Spotted Bulls Anna TRAKOVICKÁ

Th e objective of this study was detection of DNA polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Th e SNP T945M, which maps on bovine chromosome 3 at the exon 20 of the leptin receptor sequence and corresponds to a mutation in the intracellular region of the functional protein, was also analyzed. In exon 20, a T to C missense mutation was found at nucleotide 115, which causes an amino acid substitution at residue 945 (T954M). Th e polymorphism of leptin receptor gene was studied in a group of 57 bulls of Slovak spotted breed. A strategy employing PCR was used to amplify 197 bp products from blood samples. Digestion of PCR products with restriction enzyme BseGI revealed two alleles: allele C was 130 and 67 fragments and allele T was 93, 67 and 37. Frequencies for allele C and T were 0.9737 and 0.0263, respectively and TT genotype was not detected.