Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chlorine activation and chemical ozone loss deduced from HALOE and balloon measurements in the Arctic during the winter of 1999–2000

[1] We employ Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) observations and balloon-borne measurements (on the large Observations of the Middle Stratosphere [OMS] and Triple balloons, as well as on two small balloons) to investigate ozone loss in the stratospheric vortex in the 1999–2000 Arctic winter. Using HF and CH4 as long-lived tracers, we identify chlorine activation and chemical ozone destruction in the polar vortex. Reference relations, representative of chemically undisturbed “early vortex” conditions, are derived from the OMS remote and in situ balloon measurements on 19 November and 3 December 1999, respectively. Deviations from this “early vortex” reference are interpreted as chemical ozone loss and heterogeneous chlorine activation. The observations show an extensive activation of chlorine; in late February 2000, the activation extends to altitudes of 600 K. Between 360 and 450 K chlorine was almost completely activated. At that time, about 70% of the HCl column between 380 and 550 K was converted to active chlorine. Furthermore, the measurements indicate severe chemical ozone loss, with a maximum loss of over 60% in the lower stratosphere (415–465 K) by mid-March 2000. Substantial ozone loss was still observable in vortex remnants in late April 2000 (80 ± 10 Dobson units [DU] between 380 and 550 K). The average loss in column ozone between 380 and 550 K, inside the vortex core, in mid-March amounted to 84 ± 13 DU.
Porosity in collapsible Ball Grid Array solder joints

Ball Grid Array (BGA) technology has taken off in recent years due to the increased need for high interconnect density. Opposite to all the advantages BGA packages offer, porosity in collapsible BGA solder joints is often a major concern in the reliability of such packages. The effect of pores on the strength of collapsible BGA solder-joints was studied by manufacturing samples with different degrees of porosity and testing them under a shear load. It was found that the shear strength of the solder joints decreased in a linear fashion with increasing porosity. Failure occurred by internal necking of the interpore matrix. It was confirmed that entrapment of flux residues leads to porosity by manufacturing fluxless samples in a specially made furnace, and comparing them with samples assembled using flux. Also, contamination of Au electrodeposits (in substrate metallization) was determined to cause significant porosity. It was found that hard-Au (Co hardened Au) electrodeposits produce high degrees of porosity even in the absence of flux. Finally, increasing the time the solder spends in the molten state was proven to successfully decrease porosity.
Nonparametric Rank Tests for Independence in Opinion Surveys

Nonparametric rank tests for independence between two charac- teristics are commonly used in many social opinion surveys. When both characteristics are ordinal in nature, tests based on rank correlations such as those due to Spearman and Kendall are often used. The case where some ties exist has already been considered whereas Alvo and Cabilio (1995) have studied the case when there are missing values but no ties in the record. How- ever, it frequently happens that the survey data may contain simultaneously many tied observations and/or many missing values. A naive approach is to simply discard the missing observations and then to make use of the rank cor- relations adjusted for ties. This approach would be less powerful as it does not fully utilize the information associated with the incomplete data set. In this article, we generalize Alvo and Cabilio's notion of distance between two rankings to incorporate tied and missing observations, and define new test statistics based on the Spearman and Kendall rank correlation coefficients. We determine the asymptotic distribution of the Spearman test statistic and compare its efficiency with the corresponding statistic based on the naive ap- proach. The proposed test is then applied to a real data set collected from an opinion survey conducted in Hong Kong.
Exploring The Diffusion Of Innovation Among High And Low Innovative Localities

Abstract Berry and Berry (1999, 2007) argue that diffusion of policy innovations is driven by learning, competition, public pressure or mandates from higher levels of authority. We undertake a first time analysis of this whole framework and present three sub-studies of innovation. First, we examine the drivers of total innovation. Second, we assess whether the factors influencing the most innovative localities are similar to or different from the factors impacting the low localities. Finally, we disaggregate total innovation into three different innovation types. Our findings, undertaken on a panel of English local governments over four years, reveal that a majority of the diffusion drivers from innovation and diffusion theory are indeed positively significant for total innovation. However, local authorities that adopt higher and lower levels of innovation than predicted do things differently while the framework has limited applicability to types of management innovation. We concluded that the Berry and Berry model is best suited to the analysis of total innovation, but not as well suited to the analysis of different types of innovation. We also outline a research agenda that might better explain the diffusion of public policy and public management innovation types than is captured by current literature.
GIS Applications in the Evaluation of Nonpoint Source Pollution Inputs to Inland Lakes

The water quality of a lake is a reﬂection of the condition and types of human activities in the surrounding watershed. Residential development and agricultural practices increase both surface runoff and nutrient sources which inﬂuence lake productivity. This report introduces GIS methodologies which can evaluate aspects of land use types in relationship to nonpoint sources of phosphorus loading to lakes. Lake drainage basins were delineated by on-screen digitizing with reference of topographic maps. Distributions of land use types were examined by the watershed boundary. The potential of a land use class to export a nutrient to a lake was represented by applying export coefﬁcients in a GIS. Lake volume and average total phosphorus concentration were calculated by developing a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) in a GIS. Lastly as a management scenario, a buffer region was applied to represent riparian zones. The study shows that the occurrence of residential developments along shorelines potentially has a signiﬁcant impact on lake quality. These areas would be priority targets for practices that decrease nutrient loading to lakes. Modeling Phosphorus (P) inputs to lakes is restricted by the omission of many ecological processes linked to physical land characteristics and lake cycling of P. However, initial examination of signiﬁcant factors of phosphorus dynamics in a GIS provides insights into the inﬂuence of landscape features, and can aid in prioritizing management strategies. ABSTRACT Thewater quality ofa lake is a reflection of thecondition and types of human activities in the surroundingwatershed. Residential development and agricultural practices increase bothsurface runoff and nutrient sources whichinfluence lake productivity. This reportintroduces GIS methodologies which can evaluateaspects of land use types in relationship to nonpoint sources of phosphorus loading to lakes. Lake drainage basins were delineatedby on-screen digitizing with referenceof topographic maps. Distlibutions of land usetypes were examinedby the watershedboundary. The potential of a landuse class toexporta nutrient to a lake was representedby applyingexport coeffiCients in a GIS. Lake volume andaverage total phosphorus concentration were calculatedby developing a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) in a GIS. Lastly as a managementscenario, a buffer regionwas applied to represent riparian zones. The study shows thatthe occurrence of residential developments along shorelines potentially has a significant impact on lake quality. These areas would be priority targetsfor practices that decrease nutrient loading to lakes. Modeling Phosphorus (P) inputs to lakes is restricted by the omission of many ecological processes linked to physical land characteristics and lake cycling of P. However; initial examination of Significantfactorsofphosphorus dynamics in a GISprovides insights into the influence of landscapefeatures, andcan aid in prioritizing managementstrategies.
Niche Opportunities and Introduced Birds Temporal Variation in Resource Abundance

The niche-opportunity hypothesis predicts that some introduced species establish and spread successfully because their new environment provides expanded niche opportunities (better resources or physical environment) compared with their native environments. We tested the prediction that introduced birds in New Zealand experience increased niche opportunities because (1) winter seed resources were more abundant and (2) there was less temporal variation in resource availability during the breeding season in New Zealand. Our results suggest that in New Zealand an increase in winter resource abundance and a reduction in predation risk may have resulted in more available foraging habitat for introduced birds. However, although the local climatic conditions were less variable during the breeding season in New Zealand, we found no evidence that temporal variation in invertebrate food resources through the breeding season was reduced. This suggests that enhanced niche opportunities, if they exist, are not due to an increased abundance or temporal reliability of invertebrates, but rather enhanced niche opportunities may exist because of a warmer, more stable climate during the breeding season and lower energetic costs associated with foraging activities.
Analysis and Evaluation o 22 f the Technique Applied in Word Representation Using Word 2 vec Algorithm

ANGELICA M. AQUINO JASMIN D. NIGUIDULA ABSTRACT In this paper, the technique used in word representation is further studied and explained since language representations have been an interest in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and this discipline is concerned with how semantic knowledge is acquired, organized, and ultimately used in language processing and understanding. [5] Two different approaches are available for representing words, count-based approach and predict-based approach. Both are widely used and rely on the same linguistic theory. The primary purpose of this study is to analyses and evaluates the performance of the algorithm being used in word representation, and that is word2vec algorithm. Since representations for the language is essential in the field of NLP, it is expedient to study how computer process natural language. Hence, the next objective of this research is to study the methods or models used of creating representations for the language. Continuous Bag-of-Words (CBOW) and Continuous Skip-gram models were used as the architectures or engines designed for word2vec algorithm. The use of wevi (Word Embedding Visual Inspector) is explained also in this study emphasizing word vectors generated from neurons. The idea of creating representations was done using word embedding that preserves kind of similarity relationships of words. As a result of the analysis made in this study, when pair of words was converted to lowdimension representation, words are expected to be close to each other and neural embedding which continuously recreate a representation eventually happens. Thus, engines of word2vec algorithm showed significant contribution in language representation by generating contexts to the neural networks.
Vehicle counting via car parts detection from an in-vehicle camera image

This paper proposes a method to count vehicles from an in-vehicle camera image by regression based on car parts detection. In the case of an in-vehicle camera image, since vehicles are frequently occluded by other vehicles in traffic congestion, it is difficult to accurately count vehicles. Therefore, we propose a method to count vehicles by regression based on the number of visible car parts. For this, we make an estimator by learning the relation between the number of visible car parts and that of vehicles by Support Vector Regression. We evaluated our method using in-vehicle camera images recorded in an actual environment, where the proposed method performed better than counting detected vehicles.
Management and gender in higher education

Prologue: My own journey 1. The big picture: Universities in a changing society 2. Finding a compass and mapping the terrain 3. Policy priorities: instrumentality, scientizisation, degendering 4. Gentleman's club or medieval court? 5. There is no problem or if there is, the problem is women 6. 'Think manager - think male'? 7. An attractive job, but no place for a woman 8. Summary and conclusions References Appendix Index
Business Intelligence Implementation Critical Success Factors

Many organizations take business intelligence (BI) systems to improve their decision-making processes. Although many organizations have adopted BI systems, not all of these implementations have been successful. This chapter seeks to identify critical success factors (CSFs) that impact on the successful implementation of BI systems in organizations. So, at first, through literature review, 26 CSFs were identified. Following that, a questionnaire was developed and then filled out by domain experts who had at least three years of experience in BI implementation projects. Robust exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was run for data analysis, which finally classified 26 CSFs into four distinct groups termed as “organizational,” “human,” “project management,” and “technical. ” The results of this study provide a very useful reference for scholars and managers to identify the relevant issues of BI projects in Iran.
Ligan Activity of Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. and the Role of Toxicarioside in Crude Extract: In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Approaches

Antiaris toxicaria Lesch is one of the endemic plant to Kalimantan Island and some tropical countries in South East Asia region. Traditionally, the sap of plant was used as poison and attached in traditional weapon. The crude extract of the sap plant contain toxic material called Toxicarioside. The aims of the research are to identify the toxicity of the crude extract which are derived from heating and methanol extraction process to Rattus norvegicus mortality and examine ligan Toxicarioside activity using in silico method. Extract toxicity was analyzed using percentages of probit analysis of the R. Norvegicus and a toxicity indicators. In silico analysis on the value of energy released and inhibition constanta of some molecule resulting the first confirmation of 2ZKD receptors has higher value -9.12 kcal/mol. Compared to the other nine confirmation, the value of inhibition constanta was the lowest 0.21 μM. Compared to the other nine conformation, receptor 3F8J, the minimum free energy which are able to release was about -6.26 kcal/mol and it has lowest inhibition constanta (25.89 μM). Crude extract of A. toxicaria from heating process has probit value =0.754x 0.354 and LD50 = 1.017 or 10,339 mg while the extract derived from Methanol extraction has probit value =0.799x 0.642 and LD50= 1.267 or 18.493 mg. These extract is the very toxic materials and has potentiality as bio-rodenticides.
Enhancement of ATC by Optimal Allocation of TCSC and SVC by Using Genetic Algorithm

This paper proposes Improving of ATC is an important issue in the current de-regulated environment of power systems. The Available Transfer Capability (ATC) of a transmission network is the unutilized transfer capabilities of a transmission network for the transfer of power for further commercial activity, over and above already committed usage. Power transactions between a specific seller bus/area and a buyer bus/area can be committed only when sufficient ATC is available. Transmission system operators (TSOs) are encouraged to use the existing facilities more effectively to enhance the ATC margin. Heavily loaded circuits and buses with relatively low voltages can limit ATC usually. It is well known that FACTS technology can control voltage magnitude, phase angle and circuit reactance. Using these devices may redistribute the load flow, regulating bus voltages. Therefore, it is worthwhile to investigate the impact of FACTS controllers on the ATC. In this thesis focuses on the evaluation of the impact of TCSC and SVC as FACTS devices on ATC and its enhancement during with and without line outage cases. In a competitive (deregulated) power market, optimal the location of these devices and their control can significantly affect the operation of the system and will be very important for ISO.
FemA gene in Indian isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus Ã¢Â€Â“ isolation and amplification through real time PCR

Statphylococcus aureus is a Gram positive bacterium, which is naturally present in nasopharyngeal region of human beings and animals. S. aureus had developed drug resistant capacity to against all penicillin class antibiotics after severe administration since 1941. Firstly, in 1961, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were isolated. In this research, Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were isolated from clinical pus samples. Isolates were grown on Luria Bertani (LB) Agar containing Oxacillin antibiotic by traditional methodologies. Genomic DNA was isolated from the isolates and electrophoresis was performed by using standard criteria. Fem A gene amplification was performed with Real Time PCR and with suitable primers. The amplified gene was produced 510 bp at Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.
Antianaphylactic Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Eclipta

The antianaphylactic activity of alcoholic extract of Eclipta alba with two different doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg was studied by using different animal models such as effect on mast cell degranulation using rat mesentery, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis using rat, by measuring leakage of Evans blue dye in skin, passive paw anaphylaxis using rat by measuring the paw volume by plethysmometer. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BaL) ß uid study in guinea pig trachea, measurement of different blood cells, and level of histamine in lung tissues was performed. Treatment with alcoholic extract of Eclipta alba showed a dose dependent beneÞ cial effect on degranulation of mast cells in rats when challenged with Compound 48/80. Further, a dose-dependent beneÞ cial effect was also observed on leakage of Evans blue dye in skin challenged with antigen. Eclipta alba showed beneÞ cial effect on paw anaphylaxis induced by antiserum and also on inÞ ltration of various inß ammatory cells as well as on histamine release from lungs. Antianaphylactic activity of alcoholic extract of Eclipta alba may be possibly due to its membrane stabilizing potential, inhibition of antigen induced histamine release, and inhibition of release of various inß ammatory mediators.
Endophytes isolated from passion fruit plants: molecular identification, chemical characterization and antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites.

Article history: Received on: 14/07/2016 Accepted on: 24/11/2016 Available online: 30/04/2017 Endophytic fungi inhabit the interior of healthy plants without any apparent harm and may synthesize bioactive compounds, which constitute an alternative for the control of human pathogens. Current study reports the molecular identification of two endophytes from passion fruit plants: isolate PE1-13 (from Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) has been identified as Phyllosticta sp. and isolate PA8-2 (from Passiflora alata) is a Cercospora beticola strain. Thin layer chromatography showed that steroids and triterpenoids were present in the secondary metabolites produced by the two endophytes. The antibacterial assay against Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pyogenes indicated that the fungal metabolites reduced up to 98.1±0.5% of bacterial growth. Results suggest that these endophytes are capable of producing antibacterial compounds.
A Study on the Multi-Objective Optimisation of District Energy System Performances

The design of sustainable district is a recent subject which is motivated mainly by environmental, energy and economy aspects. The DIMOSIM (DIstrict MOdeller and SIMulator) platform allows to investigate this research field by modelling and simulating an entire district. A complete procedure, based on direct search and the NSGA-II genetic algorithm, was developed to solve this multi-objective optimisation problem. The aim of this study is to prove that it is perfectly suitable for this type of complex problem. The solutions obtained show satisfactory results compared to the real Pareto solutions which confirms the choices made to elaborate this optimisation procedure.
A moving body recognition method based on self-adaption weighting meanshift algorithm

Classic meanshift algorithm is widely used in pattern recognition, but its accuracy decrease large when there is perturbation in background. In this paper, to solve this problem, we put forward an improved meanshift algorithm which is based on self-adaption weighting meanshift algorithm. At first, we catch moving object area. Secondly, we use capture to set new weighting coefficient. Then we track target model by the new coefficient to decrease effect of background. The experiment result of moving body in supervisory control video shows perturbation insensitivity, robustness and stability.