Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Telecommunication Markets in Europe Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Common problem in valuation of telecommunication companies is finding comparable data and markets for valuation. The aim of this work was to identify comparable markets for the telecommunication market in Europe. A method for comparison of the markets based on the Multivariate Statistical Analysis was presented. The study covers twenty-two European countries. Using taxonomic measures, these countries were divided into five groups, taking into account the following variables: average monthly service cost of the fixed Internet, average cost of the mobile usage, and average cost of the fixed telephony usage. Within individual groups, the costs of telecommunications services are less diverse than in the entire population; their members can be considered comparable markets. The same method can be used for comparing markets in cases of enterprise valuations in the telecommunication sector, and also in analysis of their level of development.
Thrombolysis and Mechanical Thrombectomy as Leading Treatments for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Brain vascular diseases, especially strokes, are still a very serious public health and medicine problem. The world is still facing an epidemic of stroke. With the impact load increasing all over the world, there is a continuing need to understand the characteristics of this disease and its impact in different countries. Despite significant improvements in primary prevention and treatment efficacy over the past decades, stroke is still a debilitating disease. Early treatment is the key to successful recovery of patients with ischemic stroke. The aim of the study is to show the most effective methods of treating patients in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. (JNNN 2019;8(4):177–181)
Trophic status assessment of small turbid lakes comparing remote sensing and in situ data: case study at lower Danube floodplain

The aim of the study was to compare in situ and remote sensing data, in order to assess the applicability of satellite images in water quality monitoring of floodplain lakes. Two indicators of trophic status were compared: chlorophyll a and total suspended matter. Two lakes on Lower Danube floodplain were selected: Srebarna and Malak Preslavets. Data were obtained in july and august 2018. Sentinel 2 MSI L1c images were analyzed in SeNtinel Application Platform (SNAP), (v. 6.0). According to in situ data, Srebarna Lake indicated status of eutrophication, while Malak Preslavets experienced hypertrophic conditions. Satellite data indicated eutrophic conditions for both lakes. Comparing the results from in situ and satellite data, chlorophyll a showed higher correlation (r = 0.66) and comparable results. On the other hand, significantly overestimation of suspended matter according to satellite data were found, as well weaker correlation (r = 0.57) between both methods. Remote sensing i.e. Sentinel products are emerging as a powerful tool in environmental observation. Although weather conditions could have significant impact on environmental dynamic especially in floodplain lakes, combining and comparing of different methods could improve the preciseness of the methodology as well as assessment reliability. Introduction Eutrophication defined as nutrient enrichment mainly compounds of nitrogen and phosphorous leading to: increased growth, primary production and biomass of algae; changes in the balance of nutrients causing changes to the balance of organisms; and water quality degradation [1], is global threat to the aquatic ecosystems. Тhe Water Framework Directive [2] requires measures for monitoring, restoration and preservation of eutrophication process enhanced by human activity. Water quality variables as water transparency, chlorophyll a and phosphorous concentration are the most used in the trophic status assessment of inland waters [3]. However, small, shallow, polymictic floodplain lakes are often prone to dynamics of the weather conditions, or a flood process, resulting in strong fluctuation of their
Financial profiles of workers most vulnerable to coronavirus‐related earnings loss in the spring of 2020

Abstract In the spring of 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic and related shutdowns had huge effects on unemployment. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, we describe the financial profiles of US families whose workers were most vulnerable to coronavirus‐related earnings losses in the spring of 2020, based on whether a particular worker was deemed “essential” and whether a worker's job could be conducted remotely. We use descriptive analytic techniques to examine how families' baseline financial situations would allow them to weather COVID‐shutdown‐related earnings losses. We find that families with non‐teleworkable workers who were most vulnerable to layoff also had both demographic and financial profiles that are associated with greater vulnerability to income shocks: non‐teleworkable families were more likely to be people of color and single wage‐earners, and also to have less savings. The median non‐teleworkable family, whether in non‐essential or essential occupations, held only 3 weeks of income in savings, underscoring the importance of policy measures to blunt the financial effects of the COVID crisis.
Price Ceiling, Market Structure, and Payout Policies

Market structure friction has first-order effects on corporate payouts. The 1994 NASDAQ Manning Rule, the 1997 tick size reduction, the 2001 decimalization, and the jumpstart of NYSE algorithmic trading in 2003 dramatically increased share repurchases, whereas the 2016 Tick Size Pilot, which partially reversed these reforms, significantly reduced share repurchases. Our results provide the first unified interpretation that helps to resolve two puzzles in the payout literature. The dividend puzzle exists because previous research has overlooked the microstructure cost of executing share repurchases. Buybacks increase relative to dividends over time because market structure reforms gradually reduce the cost of repurchases.
Semilinear parabolic systems with hysteresis: Hadamard differentiability of the solution operator and optimal control

This thesis considers semilinear parabolic evolution systems with hysteresis. We prove resolvent estimates for elliptic operators and show well-posedness, Lipschitz continuity and Hadamard differentiability of the solution operator. The results are applied in optimal control of hysteresis-reaction-diffusion systems. The control acts distributed or on a part of the boundary. We show first order necessary optimality conditions, regularity results for the adjoint system and prove higher regularity of optimal solutions. Finally, we analyze a perturbed control problem when the set of controls is restricted.
Safe Policy Iteration: A Monotonically Improving Approximate Policy Iteration Approach

This paper presents a study of the policy improvement step that can be usefully exploited by approximate policy–iteration algorithms. When either the policy evaluation step or the policy improvement step returns an approximated result, the sequence of policies produced by policy iteration may not be monotonically increasing, and oscillations may occur. To address this issue, we consider safe policy improvements, i.e., at each iteration, we search for a policy that maximizes a lower bound to the policy improvement w.r. t. the current policy, until no improving policy can be found. We propose three safe policy–iteration schemas that differ in the way the next policy is chosen w.r. t. the estimated greedy policy. Besides being theoretically derived and discussed, the proposed algorithms are empirically evaluated and compared on some chain-walk domains, the prison domain, and on the Blackjack card game.
Gender norms and relations in an agricultural watershed project in the Parasai-Sindh Watershed, Jhansi/India

Agricultural watershed projects require intertwined technical and social interventions, and accompanying research should aim at blending technical and social sciences (Douthwaite et al. 2001). CGIAR research programs have been designed by centers and partners with such an approach since their first phase from 2010 to 2016; and also in their second phase, 2017 to 2022, this interdisciplinary approach represents their conditions of existence. As many studies have demonstrated, the success of agricultural intervention projects depends on the degree of participatory approach and gendersensitivity in each project stage: planning, design, implementation and monitoring (Leder et al. 2017; Quisumbing et al. 2014). Hence, any intervention project should develop mechanisms trying to avoid the reproduction of gender relations and the exclusion of diverse local knowledge at the community level. Instead, a holistic approach to empower communities with its diverse members should be developed and adjusted continuously. While “participatory” has become a buzzword, it is necessary to demystify respective project stakeholders’ assumptions. As Cleaver (1998: 293) argues, “sectorial bias, instrumental approaches to participation, and an inadequate understanding of social context (.) detract from a truly gendered understanding of water resource management“. Hence it is the role of any intervening organization to understand diverse water needs, and to identify who accesses water and who controls water access. Women are traditionally associated with the domestic use of water, while men are linked to the productive uses of water, whereas several studies have found this division inadequate and far more complex, particularly in the context of primarily male out-migration and the so-called feminization of agriculture. In their study on agrobiodiversity management in Nepals Himalaya, Bhattarai et al. (2015: 129) found that women’s lack of power can be “reinforced by the development organizations’ acceptance of established gender roles that privileges men with new products associated with cash”.
Pengenalan Gerak Manusia Menggunakan Algoritma Relevance Vector Machine pada MSRC-12 Dataset

Relevance vector machine is a popular machine learning technique that is motivated by statistical learning theory. RVM can be used for gesture recognition which is one of the communication tools used by humans. This study proposes an experiment using the Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) algorithm on gesture data from Microsoft Research Cambridge-12 (MSRC-12) as a proposed solution to overcome unbalanced problems in data processing. The results of the study are the accuracy for 1-person motion model reaches 100% and the lowest accuracy with 5 people the motion model reaches 96%. Graphically, the more people or models, the lower the algorithm's accuracy. Abstrak— Relevance vector machine merupakan salah satu teknik pembelajaran mesin yang populer yang dimotivasi oleh statistical learning theory. RVM dapat digunakan untuk pengenalan gerak atau gesture yang merupakan salah satu alat komunikasi yang digunakan manusia. Penelitian ini mengusulkan eksperimen menggunakan algoritma Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) pada data gesture dari Microsoft Research Cambridge-12 (MSRC-12) sebagai usulan solusi dalam mengatasi masalah unbalanced pada proses pengolahan data. Hasil dari penelitian adalah akurasi untuk 1 orang model gerak mencapai 100% dan akurasi terendah dengan 5 orang model gerak yang mencapai 96%. Secara grafik semakin banyak jumlah orang atau model, maka semakin menurun tingkat akurasi algoritma. Keywords— MSRC-12, relevance vector machine, machine learning
Entrepreneurship research in Iran: a systematic review of the empirical studies

A highly growing body of research has attempted to explore various aspects of entrepreneurship. Yet, there is limited well-organised knowledge on entrepreneurship research interest areas and gaps in the empirical literature specifically in developing countries including Iran. This study aims to categorise the main research interests and identify the specific themes and the gaps in the empirical research on entrepreneurship in Iran using the systematic literature review method. A total of 236 articles on entrepreneurship published in between 1995 to 2012 were identified in 74 national and international academic journals. The findings suggested six main research interest areas of Iranian researches including entrepreneurship education and training, SMEs, organisational and corporate entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship process, entrepreneurship development at rural, national and international levels and social entrepreneurship and family business. This paper concludes with a systematic summery of the research interests, gaps in the body of literature and directions for future studies.
Drug Treatment in Non-Dialysed Chronic Renal Failure Patients in Senegal (West Africa)

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is defined as the persistence for more than 3 months of renal impairment and/or a decrease of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 of corporal surface [1,2]. The prevalence of moderate CKD is estimated at 6.5% in Switzerland, 7.7% in the United States and 8.1% in France [3-5]. According to a study conducted in Switzerland in 2014, only 45.1% [3] of patients had a drug treatment in conformity with the recommendations. However, studies around the world have concluded that there is a need to optimize the treatment of patients with CKD [6-11]. In Senegal, no study has been conducted on drug prescription in chronic renal failure patients. Based on this observation, we conducted this study to analyze drug prescriptions in patients with non-dialysis CKD in order to deduce the factors of progression of the CKD and the occurrence of deaths related to drug prescribing.
Indirect Adaptive Fuzzy Control Design With Guaranteed Tracking Error Performance For Uncertain Canonical Nonlinear Systems

In this paper, we consider the fuzzy controller design problem for output tracking of uncertain strict-feedback nonlinear systems. For comparison, a basic fuzzy control scheme is first constructed based on an existing approach representative in the field. The scheme can effectively reduce the number of parameter estimates, which benefits from the operation of handling the square of the norm of fuzzy weight vector. However, as a tradeoff of such an operation, the asymptotic tracking performance cannot be ensured and the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_2$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm transient performance of tracking error cannot be established. To eliminate these performance costs without losing the advantage of the basic fuzzy control scheme, we further propose a performance-oriented fuzzy control scheme. It guarantees that all closed-loop signals are bounded and the tracking error converges to a prescribed interval asymptotically. Moreover, the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_2$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm transient performance of tracking error is also established, which explicitly indicates that the transient performance of tracking error can be improved through changing controller design parameters with the performance-oriented fuzzy control scheme. Simulation examples are given to verify the obtained results.
High Levels of CD38+ NK Cells Contribute to Immune Imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background Increased CD38 expression and CD38+ cell proportion as well as their importance had been reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods The proportion of lymphocyte subtypes in RA patients and rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was examined using flow cytometry. CD38+ NK cells, CD38+ NKT cells and CD4+ T cells as well as mononuclear cells (MNCs) depleted of CD38+ cells were isolated from RA synovial fluid using flow cytometry and cocultured in transwell apparatus.Results This study detected a significantly increased CD38+ NK cell proportion and a decreased CD38+ NKT cell proportion in RA peripheral blood and synovial fluid. The CD38+ NK/CD38+ NKT ratio was positively correlated with the disease activity. A similar result was observed in CIA rats. When CD38+ NK cells were cocultured with MNCs, the Treg cell proportion in MNCs and IL-10 level significantly decreased, and Th17 cell proportion and IFN-γ level increased. When the CD38+ NK cells were pretreated with monoclonal anti-CD38 antibody, Treg cell proportion and IL-10 level significantly increased, and the Th17 cell proportion and IFN-γ and IL-6 level decreased. When CD38+ NK cells were cocultured with CD4+ T cells, the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios significantly increased, and mTOR signaling was activated in the cells. When the CD38+ NK cells were pretreated with the anti-CD38 antibody, the opposite result was obtained. Coculturing CD38+ NKT cells with MNCs or CD4+T cells showed opposite results. The anti-CD38 antibody also significantly increased TGF-β expression in the CD38+ NK cells.Conclusions Our results suggest that a high CD38+ NK and low CD38+ NKT proportion in RA elevates Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratio to contribute to the pathogenesis.
Elasticity and Constitution of the Earth's Interior

The observed variation of the seismic velocities with depth, below the crust, is examined with reference to the variation to be expected in a homogeneous medium. A general equation is derived for the variation of the quantity, , in a homogeneous gravitating layer with an arbitrary gradient of temperature. The parameters of this equation are then discussed in terms of the experimental and theoretical relations for solids. The principal parameter is (∂KT/∂P)T, the rate of change of isothermal incompressibility with pressure, which can be found for large compressions from Bridgman's measurements. Comparison of observed and expected rates of variation of ϕ throughout the Earth's interior leads to conclusions regarding homogeneity and, with a larger uncertainty, to estimates of temperature. A shadow zone at a depth of about 100 km, as suggested by Gutenberg, may be accounted for by a gradient of temperature of about 6°/km in a homogeneous layer of ultrabasic rock. Between depths of about 900 and 2,900 km, the mantle appears to be substantially uniform, and at a relatively uniform temperature of the order of several thousand degrees. Between about 200 and 900 km, the rate of rise of velocity is too great for a homogeneous layer, and indicates a gradual change of composition, or of phase, or both. New phases are required to account for the high elasticity of the deeper part of the mantle (below 900 km), and it is suggested that, beginning at about 200 to 300 km, there is a gradual shift toward high-pressure modifications of the ferro-magnesian silicates, probably close-packed oxides, with the transition complete at about 800 to 900 km. There may also be a concentration of alumina, lime, and alkalis toward the upper part of the mantle, in and above the transitional layer but below the crust, existing in minerals of high elasticity such as garnets and jadeites. The transitional layer appears to hold the key to a number of major geophysical problems. The velocities in the core and inner core are also reviewed. The inner core is most simply interpreted as crystalline iron, the outer part as liquid iron, perhaps alloyed with a small fraction of lighter elements. The density and compressibility of iron at high pressures are estimated with the aid of the experimental compressions of the alkali metals; the central density is found to be about 15. Several other recent proposals regarding the crust are discussed.
Long-term stress-strain response of chalk: a micro-mechanical interpretation

A long-term laboratory test programme of conventional compression and extension tests was carried out with test durations from 8 to 22-months, in a purpose built environmentally controlled facility, with specially designed loading frames and modified triaxial cells. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques were employed in an effort to investigate the micro-mechanical res-ponse. Creep strains appeared to trigger an ageing process that produces elevated post-creep strength and stiffness irrespective of the ap-plied stress path.
Una comparación de la selección de los ratios contables en los modelos contable-financieros de predicción de la insolvencia empresarial : la literatura previa frente al analisis factorial

During the last 30 years the growing appearance of quantitative models about insolvency prediction in the financial and accounting literature has awakened a great interest among the specialists and researchers of this field. What in the beginning were a few models with a sole objective, has evolved into a source of constant research. In this paper an insolvency prediction model is formulated through a combination of different quantitative variables extracted from the Annual Accounts of sample firms for the period 1994-1997. Using a stepwise procedure, those variables, which proved to be the most relevant in providing information were selected and analysed. Once we have formulated these models, we looked for an alternative to the previous variables through the use of factorial analysis of main components and it is made a variable selection through this technique. The univariate analysis is applied to both groups of ratios. Lastly, we compared the models obtained and we concluded that although the ratios of previous literature offer better results, the models with the variables of factorial analysis should not be rejected because the causes of insolvency are clearer than in those models that used variables from popularity in literature.
Predicting the presence of air pollutants using low cost sensors

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Quasi-Symmetric Designs

Preface 1. Basic results from designs 2. Strongly regular graphs and partial geometries 3. Basic results on quasi-symmetric designs 4. Some configurations related to strongly regular graphs and quasi-symmetric designs 5. Strongly regular graphs with strongly regular decompositions 6. The Witt designs 7. Extensions of symmetric designs 8. Quasi-symmetric 2-designs 9. Towards a classifications of quasi-symmetric 3-designs 10. Codes and quasi-symmetric designs References Index.