Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relational Analysis of Software Developer's Quality Assures

Software engineering approach ensures the quality of software and the delivery of the product on to time to their client. The development process is facing many challenges to optimize the resource and provide the delivery on time. Each phase of the development has its unique functionality. Software development model and the architectural approaches are differ that will creates an impact in the quality of the delivery . however the developers role and their skill sets are vital role in the developmental process and to meet the deadlines of the development tasks. The developer's skills and the developmental tasks inline to the functional domain and its relational process are determine the quality factors such minimum error, functional correctness and user satisfactory. This research attempted observes the functional process of the development sector and determine the influencing factor and its associative relationship. The data from the industry and its descriptive analysis with the determined factors are discussed as part of the paper. I. Introduction The success factor of any software development system highly depends upon the architecture of the software development model, technical reliability used in it, pre-planning and preparatory works done and the effective implementation of the specified works in a time driven manner along with the developer"s completion. In the same way Software architecture forms the backbone for building successful software-intensive systems. Architecture largely permits or precludes a system's quality attributes such as performance or reliability. In general, a critical issue in the design and construction of any complex software system is based on its architecture implementation by the developers. The right architecture is the key to software project success. Conversely, the wrong one is a sure road to failure. A good architecture can help ensure that a system will satisfy key requirements in such areas as performance, reliability, portability, scalability, and interoperability. This paper attempted to relate the software architecture and its development model along with the developer"s role. The developer efficiency and related factors are addressed to develop the model for effective software development process and its metrics. Software development process is a sequence of activities. These activities are dependent with one another in each level. These activities are related in the next phase. It is a chain of activities involved to determine the resource allocation, utilization and coating process. These relationship activities are used to determine the software process reusability and maintenance. This dependent and independent activities are varies as per the architecture in the software model of development phases. This research process tinted to determine the dependent and regression process values to identify the model and architecture. These create an effect in the cost, development, resource identification and optimization etc. II. Software Engineering Measures
Determinants of Crop Production Failure in Kuyu Woreda, North Shoa, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

This is the research article looked into Determinants of crop production failure across agro-climatic zone of the kuyu woreda, North Shoa, Oromia regional state. Hence, the main objective of the study was to analyses shared factors affecting crop production failure across agro-climatic zone of the study area. From sampled households, relevant data were collected through questionnaires, key informants, focus group discussion and reviews of document. The generated data were analyzed through Kruskal Wallis test, chi-square, mean and percentage, and presented in table, graph and words to ends objectives. Accordingly, it was found that crops were failed due to some biophysical and socio-economic factors in Kuyu woreda. Thus, extreme temperature, extreme rainfall, drought, crop pests, flood storm, hail storm, weeds, frost, unavailability of farming labor, unavailability of draft animals and farming inputs were major constraints to crop production in the study area. Kruskal Wallis statistical calculation results indicate that all aforementioned impediments to crop production were not significantly different among dega, woinadega and kola agro-climatic setup of Kuyu woreda in causing crop production failure except flooding. Therefore, unlike flooding, all other shared identified factors are causing crop production failure in dega, woinadega and kola parts of kuyu woreda. Keywords: - Crop production failure, Agro-climatic zone and determinant of crop production.
Contributions to lichen diversity of Turkey from the Sarisu area (Kocaeli)

A total of 85 lichen taxa from the Sarisu area of the district of Kandira in Kocaeli Province were listed. Three new records for the biota of Turkey, Coenogonium pineti (Ach.) Lucking & Lumbsch, Lecania cuprea (A.Massal.) Van den Boom & Coppins, and Opegrapha calcarea Turner ex Sm. , have been identified within the context of this study along with 81 new taxa for the province of Kocaeli.
Variability, contingency and rapid change in recent subarctic alpine tree line dynamics

1 Boundaries between forest and tundra ecosystems, tree lines, are expected to advance in altitude and latitude in response to climate warming. However, varied responses to 20th century warming suggest that in addition to temperature, tree line dynamics are mediated by species‐specific traits and environmental conditions at landscape and local scales. 2 We examined recent tree line dynamics at six topographically different, but climatically similar, sites in south‐west Yukon, Canada. Dendroecological techniques were used to reconstruct changes in density of the dominant tree species, white spruce (Picea glauca), and to construct static age distributions of willow (Salix spp.), one of two dominant shrub genera. Data were analysed to identify periods and rates of establishment and mortality and to relate these to past climate. 3 Tree line elevation and stand density increased significantly during the early to mid 20th century. However, this change was not uniform across sites. Spruce advanced rapidly on south‐facing slopes and tree line rose 65–85 m in elevation. Tree line did not advance on north‐facing slopes, but stand density increased 40–65%. Differences observed between aspects were due primarily to the differential presence of permafrost. Additional variability among sites was related to slope and vegetation type. Results were less conclusive for willow, but evidence for an advance was found at two sites. 4 Increases in stand density were strongly correlated with summer temperatures. The period of rapid change coincided with a 30‐year period of above average temperatures, beginning in 1920. The highest correlations were obtained using a forward average of 30–50 years, supporting the hypothesis that tree line dynamics are controlled more by conditions influencing recruitment than by establishment alone. 5 The changes observed at several sites are suggestive of a threshold response and challenge the notion that tree lines respond gradually to climate warming. Overall, the results provide further evidence to support the idea that the pattern and timing of change is contingent on local, landscape, and regional‐scale factors, as well as species’ biology.
Analysis of Skin, Hair and Nail Diseases in the Adults with Beta Thalassemia Major

Objective: β-thalassemia major (BTM) is a genetic disorder necessitating frequent blood transfusions, which is characterized by functional and physiological disorders in multiple organs. We aimed to research the prevalence of associated skin, hair, and nail disorders, and their relationship with clinical and laboratory features of the disease in adult BTM patients and healthy control groups. Materials and Methods: We prospectively analyzed the prevalence of associated skin, hair, and nail disorders. We recorded demographic features, laboratory findings skin, hair, and nail disorders in the participants. Results: Atotal of 71 BTM patients (36 males and 35 females) and 50 age and sex matched healthy individuals (36 females and 36 males) were included in the study. 32 (45.1%) of the patients and 3 (4.2%) of the control groups had hair, 26 (36.6%) of the patients and 6 (8.3%) of control groups had nail diseases. The most common skin findings xerosis were determined in 66 (93%), hair findings, telogen effluvium were determined in 16 (22.5%), and nail findings, dystrophic nail were determined 9 (12.7%) in patients. BTM patients had significantly higher fruquent xerosis, scar, pigmentation disorders, nevus, pruritus, infections, nail and hair disorders than control groups. Average age of patients with pruritus and nevus were significantly enhanced. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and melanocytic nevus in male patients had more higher than female patients. Telogen effluvium in female patients was more higher than male patients. Ferritin levels of the patients with ephelide, diffuse bronze pigmentation (DBP) and telogen effluim had significantly enhanced. Conclusion: Age, gender, medication history and ferritin level are important factors for the development of dermatological disorders among BTM patients.
Frequency modulated analog fiber optic links using direct detection

The modulation of optical carriers by radio frequency (RF) and microwave signals has proven to be a promising means of fulfilling needs in the analog realms of antenna remoting, common antenna television (CATV), phased array radar element control, and cellular communication links. Among the many techniques used in analog fiber links, intensity modulation has been most widely investigated for both direct and external modulation links. Limitations on noise figure and dynamic range have recently led people to pursue the use of optical frequency modulation (FM) links. The goal of this thesis is to take advantage of feedback to demodulate an optical FM signal through a electro-optically tuned unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The sensitivity of the receiver can be increased by the fixed path length difference introduced in the interferometer, thereby enhancing the gain of the link. Experimental and theoretical analysis of the gain, noise figure, and dynamic range for this direct detection optical FM link will be discussed, and we will compare these figures of merit to those attained with other direct detection links. Thesis Supervisor: James K. Roberge Title: MIT Professor of Electrical Engineering Technical Supervisor: Charles H. Cox III Title: Senior Staff Member, MIT Lincoln Laboratory
Musculatura dupla: II - Deteminação genética

Mutations in the myostatin gene that increase muscle mass, charaterize double muscling or muscular hypertrophy phenotype in some cattle breeds. Despite a caveat relative to calving ease, carcass of these animals are considered superior, resulting in higher meat yield, higher proportion of expensive meat cuts and lean and tender meat, and are being used in production systems worldwide. The ability to identify carriers of the mutation has been decisive in selecting animals for meat production systems. The mutation was identified in other species of economic interest, such as sheep, making possible new approaches to research and strategies to improve production systems.
lmas › Shear Bond Strength Comparison of Three Different Orthodontic Adhesives

Amaç: Bu çal›flman›n amac› üç farkl› ortodontik adeziv sistemin yap›flma kuvvetlerinin ve k›r›lma tiplerinin de¤erlendirilmesi ve karfl›laflt›r›lmas›d›r. Gereçler ve Yöntem: Altm›fl adet alt kesici s›¤›r difli rastgele üç eflit gruba da¤›t›lm›flt›r. Tüm difllere % 37’lik fosforik asit 15 saniye süre ile uygulanm›fl, su ile temizlenip kurutulmufltur. Haz›rlanan difl yüzeylerine üç farkl› yap›flt›r›c› (Eagle Bond, Transbond XT ve Resinomer/OS+) ile mandibular keser braketleri uygulanm›fl ve görünür ›fl›k ile polimerize edilmifltir. Braket uygulanm›fl örnekler s›cakl›k de¤iflim banyosu ifllemine tabi tutulmufltur. Koparma kuvvetleri universal test makinesi ile uygulanm›flt›r. Megapaskal olarak kaydedilen veriler tan›mlay›c› istatistiksel analizler, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve post Hoc Tukey çoklu karfl›laflt›rma testleri ile de¤erlendirilmifltir. Yap›flt›r›c›lar›n kopma yüzeyi Art›k Adeziv Endeksi [Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI)] kullan›larak s›n›fland›r›lm›flt›r. Bulgular: Resinomer/OS+ adeziv sistemin ba¤lanma kuvveti, Eagle Bond ve Transbond XT adeziv sistemlerinkinden istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek olarak bulunmufltur. Üç grup ARI skorlar› aç›s›ndan karfl›laflt›r›ld›¤›nda gruplar aras›nda anlaml› farkl›l›klar görülmüfltür. Resinomer/OS+ grubunda, kopma daha çok adeziv-mine yüzeyinde meydana gelirken, Transbond XT ve Eagle Bond gruplar›nda kopma alan› adezivin içinde oluflmufltu. Sonuç: Resinomer/OS+ grubu di¤er gruplar ile karfl›laflt›r›ld›¤›nda istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek ba¤lanma kuvveti göstermifltir. Bununla birlikte kopma s›ras›nda mine k›r›klar› gözlenmifltir. Bu nedenle ortodontik amaçl› klinik kullan›m›nda dikkatli olunmal›d›r. (Türk Ortodonti Dergisi 2010;23:115-122)
Gaussian Process Classification with Privileged Information by Soft-to-Hard Labeling Transfer

Learning using privileged information is an attractive problem setting that helps many learning scenarios in the real world. A state-of-the-art method of Gaussian process classification (GPC) with privileged information is GPC+, which incorporates privileged information into a noise term of the likelihood. A drawback of GPC+ is that it requires numerical quadrature to calculate the posterior distribution of the latent function, which is extremely time-consuming. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel classification method with privileged information based on Gaussian processes, called "soft-label-transferred Gaussian process (SLT-GP). " Our basic idea is that we construct another learning task of predicting soft labels (continuous values) obtained from privileged information and we perform transfer learning from this task to the target task of predicting hard labels. We derive a PAC-Bayesian bound of our proposed method, which justifies optimizing hyperparameters by the empirical Bayes method. We also experimentally show the usefulness of our proposed method compared with GPC and GPC+.
THE AFTA-CEPT and the ASEAN-China Early Harvest Program: An Assessment of Potential Short-run Impact

Theoretical and empirical support for a more liberal trading environment has grown increasingly over the years. In the last decade, many countries have aggressively pursued unilateral trade liberalization. Based on decadal growth rates, globalizing developing countries has outpaced growth of non-globalizing developing economies in the 1980’s and 1990’s. Aside from participation in regular WTO Ministerial to discuss multilateral trade issues, many countries have also entered into bilateral and regional trade agreements (RTA’s). Since 1995, the WTO has received 130 notifications regarding the creation of RTA’s which is slightly higher than the notifications received by GATT over its almost fifty years of existence. In this paper, we aim to sift thru the effects of trade policy on agriculture, focusing in particular on the possible short-run impact of the Common External Preferential Tariffs under the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA-CEPT) and the ASEAN-China Early Harvest Program (EHP). While few would argue about the long-run benefits from a liberal trade regime, fewer still would deny the possible short-run adjustment costs that could accompany trade reforms. As such, it would help policy makers to be cognizant of the possible ramifications of pursuing a particular trade strategy. We provide an overview of the Philippine trade policy leading to the AFTA-CEPT and the EHP and isolate their impact. The immediate impact of trade policy is on the effective rate of protection it provides to various sectors. How uniform it is or how diverse reflects the relative protection, how much one sector is favored over another. Ultimately, the resulting trade protection structure would impact on output, income and employment. We measure how the EHP and AFTA impact on these variables. We employ a simulation model following an earlier study under the Joint Tariff Commission-PIDS (TC-PIDS) Study. The simulation analysis is done for three scenarios: (1) the Early Harvest Program, (2) the AFTA-CEPT, and (3) a hypothetical Base scenario reverting tariffs to 1994 levels which allows for comparative analysis that can be useful for policy formulation.
Web pages ranking algorithm based on reinforcement learning and user feedback

The main challenge of a search engine is ranking web documents to provide the best response to a users query. Despite the huge number of the extracted results for users query, only a small number of the first results are examined by users; therefore, the insertion of the related results in the first ranks is of great importance. In this paper, a ranking algorithm based on the reinforcement learning and users feedback called RL3F are considered. In the proposed algorithm, the ranking system has been considered to be the agent of learning system and selecting documents to display to the user is as the agents' action. The reinforcement signal in the system is calculated according to a users clicks on documents. Action-value values of the proposed algorithm are computed for each feature. In each learning cycle, the documents are sorted out for the next query, and according to the document in the ranked list, documents are selected at random to show the user. Learning process continues until the training is completed. LETOR3 benchmark is used to evaluate the proposed method. Evaluation results indicated that the proposed method is more effective than other methods mentioned for comparison in this paper. The superiority of the proposed algorithm is using several features of document and users feedback simultaneously.
SUPPORTING AN INFLATION TARGETING POLICY WITH THE MEASUREMENT OF INFLATION CREDIBILITY

Inflation targeting anchors inflation expectations, which are not within the sphere of control of the authorities, but can only be influenced over time by consistent policy. As public distrust of inflation figures will feed through to inflation expectations, this paper highlights pilot studies measuring the credibility of inflation in terms of an inflation credibility barometer. Despite initial discouraging results, the conclusion is that knowledge and information improve the credibility of inflation, but only one inflation rate (ideally the one used for inflation targeting purposes) should be communicated. Moreover, the rate used for targeting purposes should be specified with ease of communication in mind. Copyright 2005 Economic Society of South Africa.
Heat and drought stress responses alter grain characteristics by impeding starch precursors of wheat

In semi-tropical regions, particularly in Punjab (India), drought and high temperature stress are serious constraints for wheat production. Understanding the key metabolic steps may help the breeders and biotechnologist to develop heat and drought tolerant genotypes. Six wheat cultivars, namely PBW 343, PBW 550, PBW 621, PBW 175, C 306 and HD 2967 were extensively characterized for transformation of sugars to starch under heat and drought stress conditions. Significant reduction in enzyme activities of ADP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase and phosphofructokinase (PFK) in conjunction with reduced starch content under heat and drought stress conditions was apparent. However, contents of reducing sugars and fructans were increased while amylose and amylopectin content decreased. Correlation analysis revealed positive correlation of amylose with alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase and starch with AGPase and PFK. Role of PFK was evident from correlation between AGPase and PFK indicating its predominant role in providing substrate for AGPase activity. Significant effects of stress treatments (T), genotype (G) and genotype-bytreatment (G×T) interaction were observed for AGPase, alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase and PFK, amylose, amylopectin, starch, total sugars, fructans, 1000 grain weight and plant height. Thousand grain weights decreased more under heat stress as compared to drought stress indicating higher severity of the former stress.
Interpersonal Relations: Psychological Violence and the Student's Status in the Academic Group

The main questions of this article were: are the different kinds of psychological violence the predictors of student’s statuses and which type of this influence we can find? The answer to these questions is an important symptom of intragroup psychological health because links between violence and statuses demonstrated relation’s quality. There were investigated such kinds of psychological violence as communicative intolerance, cynicism, aggression, hostility. We required finding the influence of these personality traits on intragroup relations and informal power, sociometric and referentometric student’s statuses. The sample consisted of 204 university psychology students of the first, the third and the fifth years. Data were collected via Sociometric (Moreno) and Referentometric (Chedrina) procedures, Power structure (Kondratiev), Questionnaire of Communicative Tolerance (Boyko) and the Cook – Medley hostility scale. According to the results of descriptive statistics the level of some investigated characteristics of psychological violence was within the mean significance. But the mean significance of communicative intolerance was more than the tendency to the communicative tolerance. All characteristics of psychological violence (intolerance, cynicism, aggression, hostility) had direct significant correlations between each other and these factors had inverse significant links with different types of statuses. Therefore we concluded that cynicism, aggression and hostility weren’t predictors of any student’s statuses in the educational group. At the same time aggression and hostility were mediators for communicative intolerance as statuses predictors lowering every kind of statuses.
Integrated Guidance and Control Method for the Interception of Maneuvering Hypersonic Vehicle Based on High Order Sliding Mode Approach

This paper focuses on the integrated guidance and control (IGC) method applied in the interception of maneuvering near space hypersonic vehicles using the homogeneous high order sliding mode (HOSM) approach. The IGC model is derived by combining the target-missile relative motion and dynamic equations. Then, a fourth-order sliding mode controller is implemented in the augmented IGC model. To estimate the high order derivatives of the sliding manifold which is required in the HOSM method, an Arbitrary Order Robust Exact Differentiator is presented. At last, the idea of virtual control is introduced to alleviate the chattering of the control input without using any saturation functions which may lead to a loss of the robustness. And the stability of the closed-loop system with presented fourth-order homogeneous HOSM controller is also proved theoretically. Finally, simulation results are provided and analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in three typical engagement scenarios.
End-of-Year Spending and the Long-Run Employment Effects of Training Programs for the Unemployed

This study re-estimates the employment effects of training programs for the unemployed using exogenous variation in participation caused by budget rules in Germany in the 1980s and early 1990s, resulting in the infamous "end-of-year spending". In addition to estimating complier effects with 2SLS, we implement a flexible control-function approach to obtain the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). Our findings are: Participants who are only selected for budgetary reasons do not benefit from training programs. However, the ATT estimates suggest modest positive effects in the long run. Longer programs are more effective than shorter and more practice-oriented programs.