Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Customer in Electronic Business

Internet has widely changed the way people buy and sell goods and services today. However, the trustworthiness of electronic business is not always a straightforward issue, especially if the partners do not know each other’s in advance. Here we look at techniques used in managing trust in Internet. The focus will be business targeted to end-customers.
Privatizing Education: Free School Policy in Sweden and England

The aim of this article is to investigate why Sweden, the epitome of social democracy, has implemented education reforms leading to an extraordinary growth in Free Schools in contrast to liberal England, where Free School policy has been met with enormous resistance. Conventional wisdom would predict the contrary, but as a matter of fact Sweden has bypassed England by far in outsourcing schools to private providers. The comparative argument promulgated in this article is that the combination of three interconnected variables—(1) type of political system, (2) party policy changes along the Left-Right dimension, and (3) the responses of the Left toward market-led reforms of education—are key in explaining this difference in Sweden and England.
Antibiotic-Treated SPF Mice as a Gnotobiotic Model

Decontamination of specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice of BALB/c line was accomplished by administration of amoxicillin per os potentiated with potassium clavulanate at a dose of 387.11 mg/kg body weight and ciprofloxacin administered s.c. at a dose of 18.87 mg/kg body weight every 12 h for 5 days. This resulted in a decreased viability of microorganisms in feces and the cecal content of mice and decreased counts of cultivable microor- ganisms in the feces, which by day 3 of study declined below the recovery level and to the reduction of animal microbiota to two detected cultivable species, namely Escherichia coli (GenBank KX086704) and Enterococcus sp. (GenBank KX086705). Convalescence of decontaminated animals under gnotobiotic conditions for 10 days prevented restoration of species diversity of mice microbiota and sufficed to return the metabolic, hematological and morphological values to the physiological range. It also restored the fermentative activity of the intestine to the level similar to that observed before antibiotic treatment. Animals subjected to this procedure can be used in further studies. As a result, we cre- ated a mouse gnoto model with reduced and controlled microbiota without alteration of the overall health status of the respective animals. of the results was performed using Statistic software GraphPad Prism 3.0 for (GraphPad One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, followed by a multiple comparison Tukey’s test. Significance of differences between the groups of mice was tested using analysis of variance and unpaired Student’s t -test. The significance level was set to P < 0.05. Most of the results are expressed as means ± SD (standard deviation).
Chapter 6 Prestellar Cores and Deeply Embedded Protostars with Spitzer and Bolocam : Properties of the Youngest Objects in Perseus , Serpens , and Ophiuchus

We present an unbiased census of prestellar cores and deeply embedded protostars in Perseus, Serpens, and Ophiuchus, assembled by combining large-scale 1.1 mm surveys and Spitzer c2d maps of these clouds. First, we identify protostellar candidates based on Spitzer data, and use them to separate starless from protostellar cores in each cloud. A comparison of the properties of the starless and protostellar populations reveals both initial conditions of the starless cores and how formation of a central protostar alters core properties. Starless cores in Perseus have similar masses but larger sizes and lower densities on average than protostellar cores, by factors of 1.5 and 3, respectively, and the sizes suggest density profiles similar to Bonnor-Ebert spheres, or substantially flatter than ρ ∝ r−2. By contrast, starless cores in Serpens are compact and have lower masses than protostellar cores, while in Ophiuchus there is very little difference between the starless and protostellar populations. The combined Enoch et al., in preparation; to be submitted to ApJ. 208 starless core mass distribution includes 108 cores and has a slope of α = −2.5±0.2 for M > 0.8 M , consistent with recent measurements of the stellar initial mass function. This result provides support for the idea that stellar masses are directly linked to the core formation process. We construct well-sampled SEDs for cold protostar candidate using the extensive wavelength coverage (λ = 1.25 − 1100 μm). Examining different protostellar classification methods, we conclude that bolometric temperature is a better measure of evolutionary state than the spectral index αIR for deeply embedded sources. Source classification yields a total of 43 Class 0 and 94 Class I sources in the three cloud sample. Compared to protostellar evolutionary models using the bolometric temperatureluminosity diagram, we find a population of low luminosity Class I sources that are inconsistent with constant or monotonically decreasing mass accretion rates. This result argues strongly for episodic accretion during the Class I phase, with 25% of sources in a quiescent state. Finally, the relative number of starless, Class 0, and Class I sources are used to estimate lifetimes for the starless and Class 0 phases; we find a Class 0 timescale in Perseus and Serpens of 1− 2× 10 yr. In Ophiuchus, by contrast, we find very few Class 0 sources (NClass0/NClassI ∼ 0.1), consistent with previous observations in that cloud. The dense prestellar core phase lasts for approximately as long as the entire embedded protostellar phase, 2−5×105 yr, or only a few free-fall timescales, and is much shorter than the timescale predicted from ambipolar diffusion.
Effect of Green Logistics Practices on Performance of Supply Chains in Multinational Organizations in Kenya

The purpose for this paper was to explore the effect of green logistics practices on performance of supply chains in multinational organizations. The study was carried on 10 multinational organizations in Kenya, specifically focusing on the following departments; procurement, human resources, environment specialists, and administrators, where the study picked at least four senior officers from each. In developing countries like Kenya green logistic practices in paramount for tomorrow’s energy ingesting. This study did pilot test to ascertain the reliability of the instruments. Objective : The study aimed at findings of remedial measures on performance of supply chain in multinational organizations in Kenya. This resulted to great significance of the study and a replication of the findings in the Kenyan context. The study recommends similar studies to other national organizations so as to validate their outcomes with this study and, then a comparative analysis for future strategies in this area. Keywords: eco design, green purchasing, reverse logistics, responsive packaging and performance of supply chain
The influence of anxiety, hostility and type D personality on health behaviors of university students

Interest in type D personality and negative emotions such as anxiety and hostility has been growing. These factors are associated with health risk behaviors, which could determine the incidence and progression of cardiovascular disease in initially healthy individuals. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety, hostility and type D personality and its influence on health risk behaviors in a cohort of university students. One hundred and fifty-one students completed five questionnaires. Mixed methodology using Pearson’s correlation, and regression analysis determined associations between risk factors and health behaviors. We observed a mild hostility and anxiety disturbance (M=0.95; SD=0.61 and M=0.91; SD=0.70). Type D personality was present in 37.7% of the participants. There was a positive association between hostility and smoking (r=0.168; p=0.04), alcohol (r=0.215; p=0.008) and coffee consumption (r=0.280; p=0.000), as well as a negative association between hostility and anxiety (r=-0.263; p=0.001), type D personality (r=-0.194; p=0.017) and lifestyle (r=-0.306; p=0.000). Besides gender variables, alcohol consumption, coffee intake, physical exercise, diet and type D personality assumed statistical relevance explaining the health behaviors (p<0.05). Based on these results we argue that college students may benefit from a premature evaluation for the prevention of future cardiovascular disease.
PIPs and POPs: The reduction of complex dynamical systems using principal interaction and oscillation patterns

A general method is described for constructing simple dynamical models to approximate complex dynamical systems with many degrees of freedom. The technique can be applied to interpret sets of observed time series or numerical simulations with high-resolution models, or to relate observation and simulations. The method is based on a projection of the complete system on to a smaller number of “principal interaction patterns” (PIPs). The coefficients of the PIP expansion are assumed to be governed by a dynamic model containing a small number of adjustable parameters. The optimization of the dynamical model, which in the general case can be both nonlinear and time-dependent, is carried out simultaneously with the construction of the optimal set of interaction patterns. In the linear case the PIPs reduce to the eigenoscilations of a first-order linear vector process with stochastic forcing (principal oscillation patterns, or POPs). POPs are linearly related to the “principal prediction patterns” used in linear forecasting applications. The POP analysis can also be applied as a diagnostic tool to compress the extensive information contained in the high-dimensional cross-spectral covariance matrix representing the complete second-moment structure of the system.
Designing an Engineering Laboratory Course for Problem Based Learning

This work presents a proposal for implementing a problem-based learning (PBL) methodology by means of a new specific engineering course. Using interesting and practical projects, this specific course integrates engineering courses of different. However, each involved engineering course maintains its respective syllabus and the methodological freedom of the lecturers. The lecturers can further explore the subjects by introducing methodological innovation. The selected projects will highlight how the topics learned can be used to understand the problem being studied and to find the solution. The proposed course will bring together the participants in the form of seminars to analyze the problems and the solutions, checking their mistakes and the possibility of them being implemented. The study object is the competition vehicle SAE Mini Baja developed by EESC USP Baja SAE team, which will provide case studies associated with practical needs in a competitive environment.
Three-color Hexagonal Finite Volume Methods With Application To PoissonEquation And Electrical Wave Propagation In Cardiac Tissue

We consider in this work hexagonal finite volume methods for two-dimensional applications. Ordinary and compact seven-point schemes with three-color iterative updates are investigated with application to elliptic equations and reaction-diffusion systems. In particular, electrical activity of human ventricular tissue is observed. Monodomain model for human ventricular cell is used to simulate action membrane potential, and electrical wave propogation acrossing two dimensional myocardiac tissue can be obtained. The results have shown good agreement with previous research works.
Bredon Cohomology, K theory and K homology of Pullbacks of groups

We develop an Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequence to compute Bredon cohomology of spaces with an action of a group given as a pullback. Using several other spectral sequences, and positive results on the Baum-Connes Conjecture, we are able to compute Equivariant K-theory and K-Homology of the reduced group C*-algebra of a 6-dimensional crystallographic group $\Gamma$ introduced by Vafa and Witten. We also use positive results on the Farrell-Jones Conjecture to give a vanishing result for the negative algebraic K-theory of the integral group ring of $\Gamma$.
Participation in PLHIV Support Groups: Does it Enhance Behavioural Outcomes?

The role of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV prevention has generated hope for an AIDS-free generation but also interest in behavioural outcomes of people living with HIV (PLHIV). This is from the knowledge that the benefits of ART in terms of enhancing PLHIV health outcomes and preventing HIV transmission depend on PLHIV’s behaviours including sexual risk, disclosure, treatment adherence and retention. The purpose of this study was to examine whether PLHIV in Nigeria who participate in support group activities have different behavioural outcomes than those who do not. A cross-sectional design was used to compare stigma, disclosure, sexual risk behaviors and ART adherence rates of PLHIV who participate in support group activities and those who do not. Respondents were adult PLHIV enrolled in ART from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012. Study sites and respondents were selected using multistage probability sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 1,676 respondents between February and May 2014. Data were analysed using STATA. Univariate analysis was carried out to generate descriptive statistics while Chi-square tests were used to examine if there was any association between participation in support group activities and PLHIV selected behavioral outcomes. PLHIV who participated in support group activities differed from those who did not in terms of HIV-related stigma (p =< 0.001), positive HIV status disclosure (p = 0.005), ART adherence (p = 0.021), and sexual risk behaviors (p = 0.045). PLHIV who participated in support group activities were more likely to have less internal HIV-related stigma, disclose their positive HIV status, adhere to ART and live less risky sexual lives. These findings suggest that PLHIV who participate in support group activities are more likely to adopt positive behaviors than those who do not.
Towards a New Theory of Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries

There have long been conflicting expectations of the nature of companiesâ€™ responsibilities to society. Some businesses have been practising what might be termed â€œCorporate Social Responsibilityâ€ (CSR) focusing on corporate image management or other activities aimed predominantly at business benefits. This paper discusses why corporate social responsibility is no longer an option for business organisations nor is still about programmes to produce socially and environmentally friendly products. A new paradigm in corporate social responsibility for corporations in developing countries is presented in which they need to create a strategic partnership with supply chain members, support their strategic partners and understand the effect of their bought-in products on the society as a whole.
A Coordinated Planning Model with Price-Dependent Demand

This paper presents a coordinated planning model of price-dependent demand for a singlemanufacturer and a single-retailer. The demand is assumed to be normally distributed, with its mean being price dependent. The manufacturer and retailer coordinate with each other to jointly and simultaneously determine the retail selling price and the retailer order quantity to maximize the joint expected total profit. This model is then compared to a ‘returns’ policy model where manufacturer buys back unsold items from the retailers. It is shown that the optimal total profit is higher for coordinated planning model than that for the returns policy model, in which the retail price is set by the retailer. A compensation or profit sharing scheme is then suggested and it is shown that the coordinated model with profit sharing yields a ‘win-win’ situation. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the profit patterns for both linear and nonlinear demand functions. The coordinated planning model, in addition, has a lower optimal price than for a returns policy model, which would result in higher sales, thus expanding the markets for the whole supply chain.
Nano-formulations for Ophthalmic Treatments

Ocular disorders encompass a multitude of diseases that are unique in their cause, therapy and degree of severity. Due to distinctive morphology of the eye, ef ﬁ cient ocular drug delivery has proven to be a dif ﬁ cult task. Current treatments of ophthalmological diseases include the usage of both intrusive as well as nonintrusive methods such as injections, eye drops, ointments, gels etc. The current state of the art drug delivery methods are associated with low bioavailability and therefore nanotechnology based drug delivery approached are evolving as for improving the therapeutic index of currently used drugs against variety of ocular disorders. This review highlights the recent developments in nano-formulations for ophthalmic treatment and also offers discussions towards the future prospectus of nano-formulations in the mainstream of ophthalmic diseases.
REQUIREMENTS FOR AN EFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTED DESIGN REVIEW

With the wider availability of high-bandwidth communication networks and the maturity of commercial collaboration software, schools of architecture are experimenting with computeraided distributed design reviews. A distributed design review enables geographically-distant participants to discuss a common design project using computer-supported collaborative technologies such as videoconferencing, voice over IP, and shared applications. While potentially beneficial to students, and attractive to teachers, there are a number of challenges facing the integration of synchronous distributed design reviews into the design studio by technically inexperienced faculty without significant technical support. This paper seeks to make it easier for faculty to make routine utilization of such reviews by examining our own experiences with a number of such reviews, in a variety of contexts, distilling out a set of guidelines for future reviews.
Mineralization of Collagen‐Coated Electrospun Poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) Nanofibrous Mesh to Enhance Growth and Differentiation of Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

To obtain the biomimetic scaffolding materials for bone tissue engineering, poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanofibrous mesh (NFM) was mineralized in a 5× simulated body fluid (SBF) for different time after it was treated by air plasma for 15 min and subsequent collagen coating. The apatite particles were nucleated on the surface of individual nanofibers, gradually grew up, and finally covered the whole NFM surface. The mineral aggregates were mainly composed of tiny hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles, whose content reached a constant value of 54 µg · cm−2 after 9 days. The collagen coating and apatite deposition enhanced the NFM strength pronouncedly too. In vitro cell culture demonstrated that the non‐ or less mineralized NFMs were more beneficial of cell spreading and proliferation than those highly mineralized NFMs, but the latter ones could strongly promote secretion of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by osteoblasts after cultured for 14 days. Moreover, the highly mineralized NFMs also could significantly up‐regulated ALP activity and calcium synthesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), demonstrating that these NFMs are more favorable of the osteoblast phenotype expression and osteogenic induction. Therefore, the biomimetic apatite deposited PLGA/collagen NFM could be a promising candidate scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
Smarter City: Smart Energy Grid based on Blockchain Technology

The improvement of the Quality of Life (QoL) and the enhancement of the Quality of Services (QoS) represent the main goal of every city evolutionary process. It is possible making cities smarter promoting innovative solutions by use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for collecting and analysing large amounts of data generated by several sources, such as sensor networks, wearable devices, and IoT devices spread among the city. The integration of different technologies and different IT systems, needed to build smart city applications and services, remains the most challenge to overcome. In the Smart City context, this paper intends to investigate the Smart Environment pillar, and in particular the aspect related to the implementation of Smart Energy Grid for citizens in the urban context. The innovative characteristic of the proposed solution consists of using the Blockchain technology to join the Grid, exchanging information, and buy/sell energy between the involved nodes (energy providers and private citizens), using the Blockchain granting ledger.
Emotional Problems in High School Students in Jakarta

A 2007 Indonesia survey reported emotional mental disorders was 11.6%. Its prevalence in the population aged 15 to 24 years was nearly 9%, and increasing in older age. Markedly, emotional problems may lead to depression associated with suicide, which is the most frequent cause of death among youths. Early detection of emotional problems in adolescence is, therefore, important for improving future general health. Since Jakarta was included in the big five proportion of this disorder (14.1%), the study objective was to describe the frequency and factors of emotional problems among high school students in Jakarta. An analysis employed polynomial logistic regression using 941 students obtained by a survey purposively conducted in one vocational and two public high schools in 2015 by the Ministry of Health. All firstand second-grade students, in similar numbers per school, were assessed using a selfadministered SDQ questionnaire that measured emotional problems. Results showed that emotional problems were differentiated by gender on the questionnaire: Girls measured 19% abnormal and 16.7% borderline, and boys measured 6.2% abnormal and 5.4% borderline. Likewise, girls were almost three-times more likely to score “abnormal” than were boys (95% CI was 1.7 to 4.8). Vocational school students were at double the risk, compared to public school students, of having emotional problems. To conclude, based on these findings, a school-based program in Jakarta addressing emotional disorders must utilize a gender-based design. Follow-up study is needed to explore different mental health problems that occur in public and vocational high schools, as well as ethnicity factors in emotional disorders.
L’activitat física i altres factors de reserva cognitiva en l’envelliment

Aquest capitol te com a objectiu principal promoure un envelliment cognitiu saludable, reeixit o optim. Ates que les persones grans presenten canvis a nivell cerebral i un cert declivi dels processos cognitius relacionats amb aquests canvis estructurals, es important identificar els factors que permetin reduir o compensar aquests deficits. Aquest enfocament s’inscriu dins d’una perspectiva neuropsicologica que preten potenciar la reserva cognitiva de les persones per millorar la seva qualitat de vida durant l’envelliment. Un factor determinant en la preservacio de les principals funcions cognitives pot ser l’estil de vida. En aquest capitol, primer introduirem el concepte de reserva cognitiva i els principals factors que l’afavoreixen a fi de presentar despres un resum dels estudis realitzats fins a l’actualitat i que han demostrat els efectes positius de l’activitat fisica com a factor protector del funcionament neurocognitiu.
CONTROLLING VARIABLE GEOMETRY TURBOCHARGED DIESEL ENGINES USING SLIDING MODE

Coordinated control of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and variable geometry turbocharging (VGT) is important for emission reduction and performance improvements in diesel engines. In this paper we apply the sliding mode control design methodology based on the concept of “Order of Zero Dynamics” and Block Control Principle to the linearized model of a diesel engine. The basic controller design procedure is reviewed and the controller performance is illustrated with simulation results.