Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The linguistic construal of disciplinarity: A data‐mining approach using register features

We analyze the linguistic evolution of selected scientific disciplines over a 30‐year time span (1970s to 2000s). Our focus is on four highly specialized disciplines at the boundaries of computer science that emerged during that time: computational linguistics, bioinformatics, digital construction, and microelectronics. Our analysis is driven by the question whether these disciplines develop a distinctive language use—both individually and collectively—over the given time period. The data set is the English Scientific Text Corpus (scitex), which includes texts from the 1970s/1980s and early 2000s. Our theoretical basis is register theory. In terms of methods, we combine corpus‐based methods of feature extraction (various aggregated features [part‐of‐speech based], n‐grams, lexico‐grammatical patterns) and automatic text classification. The results of our research are directly relevant to the study of linguistic variation and languages for specific purposes (LSP) and have implications for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, for example, authorship attribution, text mining, or training NLP tools.
Lagrangian concordance is not a symmetric relation

We provide an explicit example of a non trivial Legendrian knot $\Lambda$ such that there exists a Lagrangian concordance from $\Lambda_0$ to $\Lambda$ where $\Lambda_0$ is the trivial Legendrian knot. We then use the map induced in Legendrian contact homology by a concordance and the augmentation category of $\Lambda$ to show that no Lagrangian concordance exists in the other direction. This proves that the relation of Lagrangian concordance is not symmetric.
Interobserver error in a large scale anthropometric survey

The adverse effects of interobserver error on morphometric population comparisons are well documented in the literature. While interobserver error can rarely be avoided, it can be minimized by having a single individual locate and mark relevant landmarks, by limiting the number of observers for each variable, and by reviewing repeated measures data daily to catch and correct measurer drift during data collection. In this study, two pairs of experts participated in interobserver error trials designed to pre‐set observer error limits for use in the quality control of a large scale anthropometric survey. Repeatability data were also collected twice daily in the field and reviewed with the measurers. Interobserver errors obtained in the field were lower than those achieved by the experts for 27 of 30 dimensions. These results suggest that establishment of permissible interobserver error in advance of data collection and frequent review of repeated measurements during data collection can reduce the magnitude of interobserver error below that obtained by experts measuring in a laboratory setting. However, even differences of small magnitude can be serios when they are directional, and 17 of 30 dimensions exhibited statistically significant bias between measurers despite all quality control efforts. The magnitudes of interobserver error observed in this study have proven particularly useful in evaluating the biological relevance of statistically significant differences which are of relatively small magnitude.
Correlation of the directly observed responses of mesenteric vessels of the rat to nerve stimulation and noradrenaline with the distribution of adrenergic nerves

1. The effects of nerve stimulation and of the topical application of noradrenaline on arteries, capillaries and veins of the mesentery of the anaesthetized rat were examined by direct observation under a microscope. The distribution of adrenergic nerves to the vessels of the mesentery was studied using the fluorescence histochemical method.
When the Self Stands Out: Figure?-?Ground Effects on Self-Focused Attention

When do people focus attention on the self? Based on Gestalt notions of figure - ground assignment, two experiments demonstrated that making self figural against a background induces self-focused attention. In Experiment 1, perceiving figural self-symbols increased self-awareness relative to perceiving background self-symbols. In Experiment 2, making self figural against the background of a six-person decision-making group increased self-awareness. These experiments clarify the antecedents of self-awareness and connect objective self-awareness theory to research on interpersonal deviancy.
Outcome of high-dose therapy and autologous transplantation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma based on the presence of tumor in the marrow or infused hematopoietic harvest.

PURPOSE To evaluate the outcomes in 65 consecutive patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) undergoing high-dose therapy (HDT) and autologous transplantation based on initial marrow involvement and the presence or absence of minimal disease in the hematopoietic harvests. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with any history of histologic evidence of marrow tumor underwent autologous peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation (PSCT), whereas others underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Patients who underwent ABMT were further segregated retrospectively into two groups depending on whether there was evidence by cell culture and/or Southern analysis of minimal tumor in the marrow harvest. RESULTS Comparable proportions (58% to 60%) of patients in each of the two groups (PSCT and ABMT) achieved a complete clinical remission (CR) at 100 days. For patients who achieve a CR, the actuarial relapse-free survival rate at 5 years for PSCT patients who received a tumor-negative apheresis harvest was 64%, compared with 57% for patients who received a tumor-negative bone marrow harvest and 17% for patients who received a histologically negative but minimally contaminated bone marrow harvest. Lymphoma grade and phenotype were not significant predictors of outcome. CONCLUSION The observation that survival was significantly better in the groups of patients who received tumor-negative harvests and worse for patients who received minimally contaminated harvests suggests that tumor cells, even at minimal levels, reinfused in the transplanted harvest are responsible for progression in a proportion of patients who achieve a CR following HDT, although other biologic characteristics of the tumor could also be important. A relatively good outcome can be achieved with HDT and PSCT, even in patients with a significant marrow tumor burden.
Optimizing Investment Decisions in Selecting Information Security Remedies

Purpose – This paper proposes a new framework for optimizing investment decisions when deciding about information security remedies.Design/methodology/approach – The framework assumes that the organization is aware of a set of remedies that can be employed to address end‐effects that have been identified. The framework also assumes that the organization defines its information security policy by setting a minimum level of protection for each end‐effect. Given the two sets of costs, that of the end‐effect and the potential damage it can cause and that of the remedy and the required level of protection from each end‐effect, this framework can be used to identify the optimal set of remedies for a given budget that complies with the organization's information security policy. The framework is illustrated using a practical example concerning investment decision optimization in a financial organization.Findings – The paper shows that exhausting the information security budget does not assure a higher level of s.
Predicting experimental properties of integral membrane proteins by a naive Bayes approach

Integral membrane proteins (iMPs) are challenging targets for structure determination because of the substantial experimental difficulties involved in their sample preparation. Accordingly, success rates of large‐scale structural genomics consortia are much lower for this class of molecules compared to globular targets, underscoring the pressing need for predictive strategies to identify iMPs that are more likely to overcome laboratory bottlenecks. On the basis of the target status information available in the TargetDB repository, we describe the first large‐scale analysis of experimental behavior of iMPs. Using information on recalcitrant and propagating iMP targets as negative and positive sets, respectively, we present naive Bayes classifiers capable of predicting, from sequence alone, those proteins that are more amenable to cloning, expression, and solubilization studies. Protein sequences are represented in the space of 72 features, including amino acid composition, occurrence of amino acid groups, ratios between residue groups, and hydrophobicity measures. Taking into account unequal representation of main taxonomic groups in the TargetDB, sequence database had a beneficial effect on the prediction results. The classifiers achieve accuracies of 70%, 63–70%, and 61% in predicting the amenability of iMPs for cloning, expression, and solubilization, respectively, thus making them useful tools in target selection for structure determination. Our assessment of prediction results clearly demonstrates that classifiers based on single features do not possess acceptable discriminative power and that the experimental behavior of iMPs is imprinted in their primary sequence through relationships between a restricted set of key properties. In most cases, sets of 10–20 protein features were found actually relevant, most notably, the content of isoleucine, valine, and positively‐charged residues. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrauterine Wachstumsrestriktion – Diagnostik und Management

Die intrauterine Wachstumsrestriktion (IUGR) tritt in ca. 5–7 % aller Schwangerschaften auf. Betroffen sind Feten, die ihr genetisch vorgegebenes Wachstumspotential nicht ausschöpfen. Sie ist Hauptgrund der perinatalen Morbidität und Mortalität. Die IUGR ist zudem assoziiert mit einer Prädisposition für die Entwicklung chronischer Erkrankungen im weiteren Leben. Neben der rechtzeitigen Diagnose und Ursachenklärung ist vor allem die weitere Schwangerschaftsbetreuung mit der Wahl des optimalen Entbindungszeitpunktes eine geburtshilfliche Herausforderung. Ziel ist es, eine Schwangerschaftsprolongation zur Minimierung der Frühgeburtsmorbidität zu erreichen, jedoch rechtzeitig vor einer fetalen Bedrohung oder Schädigung zu intervenieren.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Cdkn2c Regulates B Cell Homeostasis and Function in the NZM2410-Derived Murine Lupus Susceptibility Locus Sle2c1

Sle2c1 is an NZM2410- and NZB-derived lupus susceptibility locus that induces an expansion of the B1a cell compartment. B1a cells have a repertoire enriched for autoreactivity, and an expansion of this B cell subset occurs in several mouse models of lupus. A combination of genetic mapping and candidate gene analysis presents Cdkn2c, a gene encoding for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p18INK4c (p18), as the top candidate gene for inducing the Slec2c1-associated expansion of B1a cells. A novel single nucleotide polymorphism in the NZB allele of the Cdkn2c promoter is associated with a significantly reduced Cdkn2c expression in the splenic B cells and peritoneal cavity B1a cells from Sle2c1-carrying mice, which leads to a defective G1 cell cycle arrest in splenic B cells and increased proliferation of peritoneal cavity B1a cells. As the cell cycle is differentially regulated in B1a and B2 cells, these results suggest that Cdkn2c plays a critical role in B1a cell self-renewal and that its impaired expression leads to an accumulation of these cells with high autoreactive potential.
Density Operators and Quasiprobability Distributions *

The problem of expanding a density operator p in forms that simplify the evaluation of important classes of quantum-mechanical expectation values is studied. The weight function P(n) of the P representation, the Wigner distribution W(o), and the function (n ~ p ~o), where ~n) is a coherent state, are discussed from a unified point of view. Each of these quasiprobability distributions is examined as the expectation value of a Hermitian operator, as the weight function of an integral representation for the density operator and as the function associated with the density operator by one of the operator-function correspondences de6ned in the preceding paper. The weight function P(a) of the P representation is shown to be the expectation value of a Hermitian operator all of whose eigenvalues are in6nite. The existence of the function P(n) as an in6nitely differentiable function is found to be equivalent to the existence of a well-de6ned antinormally ordered series expansion for the density operator in powers of the annihilation and creation operators a and at. The Wigner distribution W(0.) is shown to be a continuous, uniformly bounded, square-integrable weight function for an integral expansion of the density operator and to be the function associated with the symmetrically ordered power-series expansion of the density operator. The function (a ~ p ~ et), which is in6nitely differentiable, corresponds to the normally ordered form of the density operator. Its use as a weight function in an integral expansion of the density operator is shown to involve singularities that are closely related to those which occur in the P representation. A parametrized integral expansion of the density operator is introduced in which the weight function W{a,s) may be identi6ed with the weight function P(o) of the P representation, with the Wigner distribution W(o), and with the function (n ~ p ~a) when the order parameter s assumes the values s=+1, 0, —1, respectively. The function W(n, s) is shown to be the expectation value of the ordered operator analog of the 8 function defined in the preceding paper. This operator is in the trace class for Res&0, has bounded eigenvalues for Res=0, and has infinite eigenvalues for s = 1.Marked changes in the properties of the quasiprobability distribution W(n, s} are exhibited as the order parameter s is varied continuously from s= —1, corresponding to the function (n~p~a), to s=+1, corresponding to the function P(0,). Methods for constructing these functions and for using them to compute expectation values are presented and illustrated with several examples. One of these examples leads to a physical characterization of the density operators for which the P representation is appropriate.
Gain and noise saturation of wide-band InAs-InP quantum dash optical amplifiers: model and experiments

We present a theoretical model for gain and noise saturation in quantum dash (QDash) semiconductor optical amplifiers. The model is based on the density matrix formalism and addresses static saturation spectra. The calculations are confirmed by a series of experiments which highlight the unique properties of these amplifiers. We demonstrate a high gain, a wide bandwidth, and high saturation power. The saturation spectrum is shown to be asymmetric, emphasizing saturation at short wavelength. The asymmetry stems from the high energy tail of the density of state function in those quantum wire (QWire) like gain media as well as from the interactions with the wetting layer.
Tool Run-Out Measurement in Micro Milling

The interest in micro manufacturing processes is increasing because of the need for components characterized by small dimensions and micro features. As a result, researchers are studying the limitations and advantages of these processes. This paper deals with tool run-out measurement in micro milling. Among the effects of the scale reduction from macro to micro, tool run-out plays an important role, affecting cutting force, tool life, and the surface integrity of the produced part. The aim of this research is to develop an easy and reliable method to measure tool run-out in micro milling. This measuring strategy, from an Industry 4.0 perspective, can be integrated into an adaptive model for controlling cutting force, with the aim of improving the production quality and the process stability, while at the same time reducing tool wear and machining costs. The proposed procedure deduces tool run-out from the actual tool diameter, the channel width, and the cutting edge’s phase, which is estimated by analyzing the cutting force signal. In order to automate the cutting edge phase measurement, the suitability of two functions approximating the force signal was evaluated. The developed procedure was tested on data from experimental tests. A Ti6Al4V sample was machined using two coated micro end mill flutes made by SECO setting different run-out values. The results showed that the developed procedure can be used for tool run-out estimation.
Functionalizing Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Electrodes With Robust Synthetic Redox Proteins

De novo designed synthetic redox proteins (maquettes) are structurally simpler, working counterparts of natural redox proteins. The robustness and adaptability of the maquette protein scaffold are ideal for functionalizing electrodes. A positive amino acid patch has been designed into a maquette surface for strong electrostatic anchoring to the negatively charged surfaces of nanocrystalline, mesoporous TiO2 and SnO2 films. Such mesoporous metal oxide electrodes offer a major advantage over conventional planar gold electrodes by facilitating formation of high optical density, spectroelectrochemically active thin films with protein loading orders of magnitude greater (up to 8 nmol cm−2) than that achieved with gold electrodes. The films are stable for weeks, essentially all immobilized‐protein display rapid, reversible electrochemistry. Furthermore, carbon monoxide ligand binding to the reduced heme group of the protein is maintained, can be sensed optically and reversed electrochemically. Pulsed UV excitation of the metal oxide results in microsecond or faster photoreduction of an immobilized cytochrome and millisecond reoxidation. Upon substitution of the heme‐group Fe by Zn, the light‐activated maquette injects electrons from the singlet excited state of the Zn protoporphyrin IX into the metal oxide conduction band. The kinetics of cytochrome/metal oxide interfacial electron transfer obtained from the electrochemical and photochemical data obtained are discussed in terms of the free energies of the observed reactions and the electronic coupling between the protein heme group and the metal oxide surface.
Static and dynamic performance characterization and comparison of 15 kV SiC MOSFET and 15 kV SiC n-IGBTs

This paper presents the static and dynamic performance of 15 kV SiC IGBTs with 2 um and 5 um field-stop buffer layer thicknesses respectively and compares them with 15 kV SiC MOSFET in term of loss and switching capability. Their switching energy for different gate resistors and temperature have been reported and compared. A 5 kHz 10.5 kW 8 kV boost converter has been built and tested using these three devices respectively. The MOSFET based boost converter has the highest efficiency 99.39% which is the highest reported efficiency for a high voltage SiC device based converter. PLECS loss models can be developed for these devices based on the characterization data to simplify the simulation of a variety circuits or applications which potentially utilize these devices.
How to Strengthen Dental Ceramics

Today's ceramic restoration application, despite its popularity gained through esthetical advantages and superior hygienically features, has a fragile structure due to its low tensile strength quality. In the long run, it can lose its endurance against shear and draw strengths that occur while chewing. Dental ceramics are sensitive to microcracks that show up on surfaces. Technical flaws like microcracks and porosity which appears during production and inappropriate thermal dilatation parameters cause mechanical failure in porcelain restoration. To improve mechanical strength of dental ceramics we should have a mechanism to prevent these micro cracks get generate and spread. Ceramic structure should be supported either by metal or substructures more durable which decrease effects of tension strength occurring on surface; either it must directly be strengthened structurally.
Variability among sources and laboratories in analyses of wheat middlings. NCR-42 Committee on Swine Nutrition.

A cooperative research study was conducted by members of a regional committee (North Central Regional Committee on Swine Nutrition [NCR-42]) to assess the variability in nutrient composition (DM, CP, Ca, P, Se, NDF, and amino acids) of 14 sources of wheat middlings from 13 states (mostly in the Midwest). A second objective was to assess the analytical variability in nutrient assays among 20 laboratories (labs; 14 experiment station labs and six commercial labs). Wheat middlings were obtained from each participating station's feed mill. The bulk density of the middlings ranged from 289 to 365 g/L. The number of labs that analyzed samples were as follows: DM and CP, 20; Ca, 16; P, 15; Se, 7; NDF, 10; and amino acids, 9. Each lab used its own analytical procedures. The middlings averaged 89.6% DM, 16.2% CP, . 12% Ca, . 97% P, 36.9% NDF, . 53 mg/kg Se, . 66% lysine, . 19% tryptophan, . 54% threonine, . 25% methionine, . 34% cystine, . 50% isoleucine, and . 73% valine. As expected, there was considerable variation in nutrient composition among the 14 sources (P < .01), especially for Ca (.08 to .30%) and Se (.05 to 1.07 mg/kg). "Heavy" middlings (high bulk density, >335 g/L), having a greater proportion of flour attached to the bran, were lower in CP, lysine, P, and NDF than "light" middlings (<310 g/L), having cleaner bran, resulting in negative correlations between bulk density and CP (r = -.61), lysine (r = -.59), P (r = -.54), and NDF (r = -.81). Each 1-percentage-point increase in CP in the wheat middlings was associated with . 0235 (r2 = .61) and 2.1 (r2 = .39)-percentage-point increases in lysine and NDF, respectively. Lysine content was associated with NDF, CP, and bulk density of wheat middlings (r2 = .88). There was considerable variation among laboratories (P < .01) in analysis of all nutrients. The CV among sources (100 x sigmaS/mean) was greater than among labs (100 x sigmaL/mean) for CP, Ca, P, Se, and NDF, but the CV among labs was greater than that among sources for DM and all of the amino acids except lysine and phenylalanine.