Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF INSURANCE FUNCTION IN SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT IN KENYA: A CASE OF KENYA REINSURANCE

The increasing trend to source globally with a rise in disruptive natural catastrophes, has led to growth in business interruption and contingent business interruption. Manufacturers are increasingly being caught out by the closure of critical suppliers, a trend which has become both insurers and businesses concerned. The main thrust of this research paper is therefore to describe the effects of insurance function in managing supply chain risks in different organizations in Kenya conducted through a case study descriptive design, case study of Kenya Reinsurance Corporation Limited. The researcher will examine a sample of staff drawn from the population of 100 staff working at Kenya Reinsurance Corporation in Kenya and a sample of 30 respondents will be chosen from the total population using stratified random sampling technique. Data will be collected using a self-administered questionnaire and will be analyzed by the use of statistical packages for social science (SPSS) and Microsoft excel statistical tools. In trying to explain the relationship between different variables in the study, linear regression relationship curves will be developed to show the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Finally a recommendation will be drawn based on the findings and the type of relationship between the different variables within the study with reference to the dependent variable, supply chain risk management.
Structured On-the-Job Training: Innovations in International Health Training

JHPIEGO Corporation, an affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, is working with medical professionals in reproductive health in Zimbabwe to implement a structured on-the-job training (OJT) program. The goal of this program is to improve the performance of family planning service providers in clinical sites throughout the country. Working with the Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council, the organization that was charged with helping to implement the system, JHPIEGO staff converted an existing group-based clinical training course to a structured OJT course and helped build support for this new training approach. The design and consensus-building activities resulted in the implementation of an effective, structured on-the-job training program. The model for implementing this innovative training approach identifies key steps from conception through pilot testing to full-scale implementation-steps relevant to a variety of training situations.
OsBRI 1 Activates BR Signaling by Preventing Binding between the TPR and Kinase Domains of OsBSK 3 via Phosphorylation 1

Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); and Mass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
Serum concentrations of Dickkopf‐1 protein are increased in patients with multiple myeloma and reduced after autologous stem cell transplantation

Dickkopf‐1 (DKK‐1) protein, a soluble inhibitor of Wnt signalling, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease through the suppression of osteoblast differentiation. In this study, serum concentrations of DKK‐1 were measured in 50 myeloma patients (32 at diagnosis and 18 before and after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), 18 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and 22 healthy controls. Serum DKK‐1 levels were increased in MM at diagnosis compared with MGUS (mean ± SD: 67 ± 54 ng/mL vs. 38 ± 13 ng/mL; p = 0.006) and controls (31 ± 11 ng/mL; p = 0.02), while there was no difference between MGUS patients and controls. Although patients with stage 2 and 3 myeloma had higher DKK‐1 values than stage 1 patients (79 ± 63 vs. 40 ± 13; p = 0.005), no significant correlation between serum DKK‐1 and myeloma bone disease was observed. Myeloma patients before ASCT also had increased levels of DKK‐1 (63 ± 77 ng/mL; p = 0.03) compared with controls, supporting the notion that DKK‐1 may be responsible for the suppressed osteoblast activity even in patients with low tumor burden. After ASCT, there was a sustained decrease in DKK‐1 levels over time, while bone formation markers elevated, suggesting that the reduction of DKK‐1 levels after ASCT may correlate with the normalization of osteoblast function. These results could provide the basis for developing agents that block DKK‐1, thus restoring osteoblast function and counteracting the increased osteoclastogenesis observed in myeloma. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identifying and improving non-adherence in bipolar disorders.

OBJECTIVES To review the definition of non-adherence, its clinical and economic impact and identify its role and impact in clinical practice. METHODS A selective review of the literature as conducted of articles and literature known to the authors. RESULTS There is a paucity of studies examining specifically treatment non-adherence and its consequences in bipolar disorder. Few studies have systematically examined ways in which treatment adherence can impact treatment and improve outcome. CONCLUSION Non-adherence is common in the management of bipolar disorder. Clinicians and Researchers alike need to remain alert and be aware of issues related to non-adherence--in particular suicide. Like other course-modifiers non-adherence has to be considered, sought and addressed, and this is perhaps best done by including psychoeducation in routine clinical care.
Why the MAC Clause is so Ubiquitous in Bank Loan Commitments Although it is Hardly Ever Invoked

Many loan commitment contracts contain a material adverse change clause which allows banks to renege or step back from their commitment based on rather subjective claims regarding the borrowers' prospective financial situation. While this sounds like an attractive option for banks, empirical evidence shows that, despite its frequent appearance in contracts, the clause is rarely invoked (cf. Sufi, 2009; Ivashina and Scharfstein, 2010). In the present paper, we argue that this is due to the fact that, in combination with appropriate pricing on the spot loan market, the clause is essentially an effective means to screen the borrowers' riskiness. In particular, it renders loan commitment contracts comparably more expensive for high-risk borrowers, thereby directing them to the spot loan market. Low-risk borrowers, in turn, are still attracted to loan commitment contracts as for them the implicit extra cost is lower. Thus, in equilibrium, there is no need for banks to step back from earlier promises. Moreover, we show that the presence of the clause increases welfare as it decreases credit rationing for low-risk entrepreneurs and reduces total loan costs.
Embryonic sensory development: Local expression of neurotrophin‐3 and target expression of nerve growth factor

Development and maintenance of peripheral sensory and sympathetic neurons are regulated by target‐derived neurotrophins, including nerve growth factor (NGF). To determine whether trophins are potentially critical prior to and during target innervation, for neuronal survival or axon guidance, in situ hybridization was performed in the rat embryo. We examined the expression of genes encoding NGF, neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3), and their putative high‐affinity receptors, trk A and trk C, respectively. Trks A and C were detected in dorsal root sensory ganglia (DRG) on embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5), implying early responsiveness to NGF and NT‐3. NGF mRNA was expressed in the central spinal cord target and by the peripheral somite, at this early time, which thereby may function as a transient “guidepost” target for sensory fibers. Somitic expression was transient and was undetectable by E17.5. NT‐3 was expressed in the DRG itself from E13.5 to 17.5, suggesting local transient actions on sensory neurons. NT‐3 was also expressed in the ventral spinal cord at low levels on E13.5. We examined the trigeminal ganglion to determine whether cranial sensory neurons are similarly regulated. Trk A was detected in the trigeminal ganglion, while NGF was expressed in the central myelencephalon target, paralleling observations in the DRG and spinal cord. However, NT‐3 and trk C were undetectable, in contrast to DRG, suggesting that the environment or different neural crest lineages govern expression of different trophins and trks. Apparently, multiple trophins regulate sensory neuron development through local as well as transient target mechanisms prior to innervation of definitive targets.
The development of fear in man and other animals.

Studies of humans, other primates, and dogs provide evidence for describing 3 stages in the development of the fear of novelty. The first stage, a precursor to fear, is found in the infant's "distress reaction" to diverse types of unpatterned stimuli; mothering activities involving direct infant contact reduce such distress. The second stage is introduced by an emerging fear of visual novelty; at this stage, the visual presence of the mother can effectively reduce tensions. An increasing capacity to cope with novelty in the absence of the mother marks the transition to the final developmental stage. The development of normal patterns of fear behavior in later periods depends upon successful transitions through preceding stages. Factors which promote normal development within the various stages are identified. The role of fear in infant pathology is discussed.
Properties of GABA and glutamate responses in identified glial cells of the mouse hippocampal slice

In this study, the patch‐clamp technique was applied to brain slices to test for the presence of GABAA and glutamate receptors in glial cells of an intact tissue preparation, the hippocampus from 9–12 day old mice. Two types of glial cells were studied in the CA1 stratum pyramidale, termed passive and complex cells, which were distinct by their characteristic pattern of voltage‐dependent currents. Both cell types were previously identified as glial by combining electrophysiology with ultrastructural inspection (Steinhäuser et al., 1992, Eur J Neurosci 4:472–484). A subpopulation of passive cells was positive, all complex cells were negative for immunocytochemical staining against glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker of mature astrocytes. In both cell types, GABA activated currents compatible with GABAA‐receptor mediated responses. The glutamate response in complex and in most of the passive cells was mediated by a ligand‐gated ion channel and closely matched the pharmacology of the kainate receptor. Activation of glutamate receptors led to a transient decrease of the resting K+ conductance in complex cells and to an irreversible decrease in the passive cells. In three passive cells, glutamate‐activated currents were most likely dominated by an electrogenic uptake. In a small group of passive cells NMDA‐activated currents were observed. This study provides evidence that glial cells from an intact tissue express receptors for the most abundant transmitters in the central nervous system, glutamate, and GABA.
Basement membrane and growth factor gene expression in normal and diabetic human retinas.

PURPOSE Recently, we found abnormal accumulation of several extracellular matrix components in retinal basement membranes in human diabetic retinopathy (DR). Others have described increased levels of various growth factors within the vitreous of DR patients. This study examined mRNA levels of these extracellular matrix components and growth factors within human retinal tissues. METHODS Total retinal RNA was analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR products were identified by Southern blotting. Samples were normalized with respect to beta2-microglobulin cDNA. Twenty-one retinas were analyzed: 6 normal, 7 diabetic without DR and 8 diabetic with DR. RESULTS In diabetic retinas without DR, the expression levels of most genes were similar to normal. In DR retinas, tenascin-C mRNA expression increased compared to both normal and diabetics without DR. By RT-PCR and Northern blotting, mainly small tenascin-C mRNA isoforms were expressed, and some of them were elevated in DR retinas. Fibronectin mRNA was elevated in DR compared to normal retinas, possibly due to the overexpression of extradomain A-containing isoform (ED-A+, or cellular fibronectin). In DR retinas, gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and placenta growth factor was elevated compared to normal, although mRNA for these growth factors receptors (VEGFR-1/Flt-1 and VEGFR-2/KDR) did not change significantly. Transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA also increased in DR retinas. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that proliferative DR development may be associated with increased retinal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, placenta growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta1 that possibly triggers the deposition of small tenascin-C isoforms in the blood vessel walls. Angiogenesis-stimulating tenascin-C may further promote diabetic retinal neovascularization.
IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN INDIA

The process of globalization is an inevitable phenonmenon in human history which has been bringing the world closer since the time of early trader and exploration through the exchange of goods, products, information, jobs, knowledge and culture. Globalization is the process of integration of the world into one huge market. It provides several things to several people with removal of all trade barriers among countries. Globalization happens through three channels: trade in goods and services, movement of capital and flow of finance. Globalization in India is generally taken to mean „integrating‟ the economy of the country with the world economy. The real thrust to the globalization process was provided by the new economic policy introduced by the Government of India in 1991 at the behest of the 1MF and the World Bank. Globalization has led to an “Unequal Competition” – a competition between giant MNC‟s and dwarf Indian enterprises”. Therefore there is a need to study and analyze the impact of globalization on Indian Small Scale Industries. This paper focuses on the implication of Globalization; analyze the performance of small scale industries based on number of units, ployment, production, investment and exports on post liberalization.
A comparative study for Arabic Multi-Document Summarization Systems (AMD-SS)

This paper demonstrates a comparative study of Arabic Multi-Document Summarization System (AMD-SS). These methods are compared and analyzed, aiming to detect which method generates a genuine summary and achieves the best results in comparison with the human summarization techniques. The comparative study shows that there is a lack in the area of Arabic Automatic Text Summarization systems. Therefore, we proposed an Arabic Text Summarization model that built in linear algorithms based on parallel computing techniques. The proposed model is built in order to generate an Arabic Document Summary (ADS) that is fully coherent, grammatical and meaningful Arabic sentences, closing to a human summarization. Recent researches have not provided perfect Arabic summary.
Synthetic Antiferromagnetic MgO/CoFeB/Ta(x)/CoFeB/MgO Structures With Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy

We have studied the exchange coupling between two ultrathin CoFeB (1.2 nm) layers separated by a Ta spacer with a thickness varying from 0.5 nm to 3.5 nm. These structures show well-defined perpendicular anisotropy due to the MgO stabilization effect after post annealing. The magnetic coupling varies from parallel to antiparallel, depending upon the Ta thickness, and an oscillatory period 1.1 nm with maximum coupling strength (J) ~ 0.02 erg/cm2 is revealed. A simulation, based on coherent rotation, is carried out for a comparison with the magnetic hysteresis curves. The variation of both anisotropy constant and exchange coupling strength are included to analyze the experimental results and the main characteristic of the magnetic reversal shows a spin-flip transition, which corresponded to the antiparallel coupled condition with comparable J and K. The change of the magnetic anisotropy due to thicker cap layer and the influence on the magnetic reversal will be also discussed.
Giving an “e-human touch” to e-tailing: The moderating roles of static information quantity and consumption motive in the effectiveness of an anthropomorphic information agent

This study examines the impact of having an anthropomorphic information agent (a humanlike chatbot that acts as an interactive online information provider) in an online store on consumers’ attitude toward the Web site, product, and their purchase intentions. Using consumer experiments, we show that the impact of the anthropomorphic information agent is moderated by the amount of static product information available on the Web site and the consumer's consumption motive at the time of visiting the Web site. Our results indicate that the anthropomorphic information agent has a positive effect when static product information on the Web site is limited. Furthermore, we show that when detailed product information is readily available on the Web site, the anthropomorphic information agent can prove detrimental when the consumer has a utilitarian consumption motive.
Information systems in the 21st century: culture, agility and big data

In the past decade, culture has been a focus of several studies in the information systems (IS) field. While the literature on the role of culture in information systems is growing, due to the breadth of the concept of culture, the research involving culture remains challenging. The main challenge pertains to the definition of culture which is evidenced by the presence of more than 150 definitions of culture in literature, yet there is no consensus on one. Another challenge is the existence of various cultural frameworks, and consequently the presence of multiple measures of culture. However, despite the challenges associated with the lack of agreement on the definition of culture and the existence of various measures of culture, the notion of culture is considered a critical factor to understand the national, organizational, and individual-level behaviors in IS and other business disciplines. This dissertation consists of three studies where each study investigates the role of culture in three different information systems-related contexts. The first study focusses on two national cultures, Indian and the United States, and investigates if deception can be detected across cultures, especially when the communication between individuals is mediated by computers. The second study investigates the relationship between different forms of organizational culture (group, developmental, rational, and hierarchical) and the implementation of agile practices, which in turn may lead to organizational creativity. The third study explores the role of data-driven decision making culture, which is defined as a culture in which decisions are made based on data rather than on the beliefs or opinions of organizational members, in creating a firm-specific big data capability.
Analysis on Economic Consequences of the Earnings Management

The economic consequences of the earnings management are the impact of the earnings management on the decision-making behaviors of the enterprises,governments,shareholders,creditors and so on.This paper analyzes on the impact of the earnings management on the decision-making behavior of the party interested,and points out that the course of the earnings management is the course actually of a social game.
The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register: 11 years and 73,000 arthroplasties

In 1985, the Norwegian Orthopaedic Association decided to establish a national hip register, and the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register was started in 1987. In January 1994, it was extended to include all artificial joints. The main purpose of the register is to detect inferior results of implants as early as possible. All hospitals participate, and the orthopedic surgeons are supposed to report all primary operations and all revisions. Using the patient's unique national social security number, the revision can be linked to the primary operation, and survival analyses of the implants are done. In general, the survival analyses are performed with the Kaplan-Meier method or using Cox multiple regression analysis with adjustment for possible confounding factors such as age, gender, and diagnosis. Survival probabilities can be calculated for each of the prosthetic components. The end-point in the analyses is revision surgery, and we can assess the rate of revision due to specific causes like aseptic loosening, infection, or dislocation. Not only survival, but also pain, function, and satisfaction have been registered for subgroups of patients. We receive reports about more than 95% of the prosthesis operations. The register has detected inferior implants 3 years after their introduction, and several uncemented prostheses were abandoned during the early 1990s due to our documentation of poor performance. Further, our results also contributed to withdrawal of the Boneloc cement. The register has published papers on economy, prophylactic use of antibiotics, patients' satisfaction and function, mortality, and results for different hospital categories. In the analyses presented here, we have compared the results of primary cemented and uncemented hip pros theses in patients less than 60 years of age, with 0-11 years' follow-up. The uncemented circumferentially porous- or hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated femoral stems had better survival rates than the cemented ones. In young patients, we found that cemented cups had better survival than uncemented porous-coated cups, mainly because of higher rates of revision from wear and osteolysis among the latter. The uncemented HA-coated cups with more than 6 years of follow-up had an increased revision rate, compared to cemented cups due to aseptic loosening as well as wear and osteolysis. We now present new findings about the six commonest cemented acetabular and femoral components. Generally, the results were good, with a prosthesis survival of 95% or better at 10 years, and the differences among the prosthesis brands were small. Since the practice of using undocumented implants has not changed, the register will continue to survey these implants. We plan to assess the mid- and long-term results of implants that have so far had good short-term results.