Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bortezomib Alone and in Combination With Salinosporamid A Induces Apoptosis and Promotes Pheochromocytoma Cell Death In Vitro and in Female Nude Mice

&NA; Proteasome inhibitors have been frequently used in treating hematologic and solid tumors. They are administered individually or in combination with other regimens, to prevent severe side effects and resistance development. Because they have been shown to be efficient and are pharmaceutically available, we tested the first Food and Drug Administration‐approved proteasome inhibitor bortezomib alone and in combination with another proteasome inhibitor, salinosporamid A, in pheochromocytoma cells. Pheochromocytomas/Paragangliomas (PHEOs/PGLs) are neuroendocrine tumors for which no definite cure is yet available. Therefore, drugs with a wide spectrum of mechanisms of action are being tested to identify suitable candidates for PHEO/PGL treatment. In the current study, we show that bortezomib induces PHEO cell death via the apoptotic pathway in vitro and in vivo. The combination of bortezomib with salinosporamid A exhibits additive effect on these cells and inhibits proliferation, cell migration and invasion, and angiogenesis more potently than bortezomib alone. Altogether, we suggest these proteasome inhibitors, especially bortezomib, could be potentially tested in PHEO/PGL patients who might benefit from treatment with either the inhibitors alone or in combination with other treatment options.
An Approach to Knowledge Management in Research Organization

On the increase of uncertainty and in the absence of coordination it is getting more and more complicated for companies to work successfully. In this concern Knowledge Management is of great interest as effective solution to the problem of effective adaptation of research companies to constantly changing environment, where new knowledge development and training are key factors of success. It is necessary to develop Knowledge Management System architecture taking into account unpredictability of the situation: what kind of knowledge may be required and how it may be connected with the knowledge available. Semantic Web technology make it possible to attach a special meaning to the data and information, contribute to the implementation of semiautomatic and automatic processes for effective knowledge use, new knowledge output based on a situation context. Synergetic effect after implementation of knowledge available will be motivating researchers more and more to replenish it and work with it. At present knowledge management tools should be prepared.
An overview of the healthcare system in Taiwan

Taiwan adopted a national health insurance system in 1995. It is a government administered insurancebased national healthcare system. Although, like the UK, Taiwan has a single payer system for healthcare, there are several differences between the two systems. The characteristics of the Taiwanese system include good accessibility, comprehensive population coverage, short waiting times, relatively low costs and a national health insurance databank for planning, monitoring and evaluating health services. The weaknesses include variable quality of care, a weak gatekeeper role and increasing financial pressures.
Photoemission from the 3d and 3p subshells of Kr.

Partial photoionization cross sections and angular-distribution asymmetry parameters were determined for Kr 3d photoemission using photon energies of 100 to 280 eV (to 800 eV for the asymmetry parameter). For the 3p subshell, the branching ratio relative to the 3d cross section and the asymmetry parameter were measured using energies of 280 to 800 eV. These results show good agreement with Hartree-Fock-theory predictions at all photon energies. The summed intensity of 4p np satellites relative to the 3d main line was found to be approximately constant in the photon-energy range 180--280 eV, and the average asymmetry parameter for these shake-up states showed a marked increase over the same energy range.
Local results of irradiation in the primary management of localized breast cancer

A dose of 4,500 rads in 5 weeks seems to eliminate at least 90% of occult deposits in the supraclavicular area and the axilla. That moderate doses of irradiation control at least 90% of subclinical cancer fits well with the mathematical model of Cohen. Peripheral lymphatic irradiation is indicated for the central or inner quadrant lesions and outer quadrant lesions with positive axillary nodes in the surgical specimen. It eliminates peripheral lymphatic disease even if there is no unequivocal proof that it improves survival rates. In the patients with significant risk of chest wall recurrence, elective irradiation of the chest wall diminishes to 10% the incidence of chest wall recurrences, whereas only 50% control is obtained when patients are treated for already existing chest wall disease. Because of the fact that moderate doses of irradiation control diffuse cancer, one can combine the removal by simple mastectomy of the main mass in the corpus mammae and excision of palpable axillary nodes with postoperative irradiation.
Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection in Canadian pediatric hospitals: a Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada Study.

OBJECTIVE To determine nosocomial transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Canadian pediatric hospitals, outcomes associated with nosocomial disease, and infection control practices. DESIGN A prospective cohort study in the 1992 to 1994 winter respiratory seasons. SETTING Nine Canadian pediatric university-affiliated hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Hospitalized children with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection (at least one of cough, wheezing, dyspnea, tachypnea, and apnea) and RSV antigen identified in a nasopharyngeal aspirate. RESULTS Of 1516 children, 91 (6%) had nosocomial RSV (NRSV), defined as symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection and RSV antigen beginning >72 hours after admission. The nosocomial ratio (NRSV/[com-munity-acquired RSV {CARSV})] + NRSV) varied by site from 2.8% to 13%. The median length of stay attributable to RSV for community-acquired illness was 5 days, but 10 days for nosocomial illness. Four children with NRSV (4. 4%) died within 2 weeks of infection, compared with 6 (0.42%) with CARSV (relative risk = 10.4, 95% confidence interval: 3.0, 36.4). All sites isolated RSV-positive patients in single rooms or cohorted them. In a multivariate model, no particular isolation policy was associated with decreased nosocomial ratio, but gowning to enter the room was associated with increased risk of RSV transmission (incidence rate ratio 2.81; confidence interval: 1.65, 4.77). CONCLUSIONS RSV transmission risk in Canadian pediatric hospitals is generally low. Although use of barrier methods varies, all sites cohort or isolate RSV-positive patients in single rooms. Children with risk factors for severe disease who acquire infection nosocomially have prolonged stays and excess mortality.
In vitro production of gamma interferon is dependent on the mouse genotype.

C57B1/6 and BALB/c mice were compared for their in vitro capacity to produce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in response to specific antigen (i.e., Purified Protein Derivative in bacillus Calmette-Guérin sensitized animals) and T-cell mitogen (Concanavalin A). In both cases C57B1/6 spleen cells produced five to ten times more IFN than identically treated BALB/c spleen cells. More detailed analysis of in vitro induced BCG-PPD IFN indicates that the low IFN level in BALB/c cultures is neither caused by classical splenic suppressor cells such as macrophages or T-cells, nor by inactivation of secreted IFN by inhibitory substances.
Endocrine and metabolic adaptations to pregnancy; impact of obesity

Abstract Adaptations of maternal endocrine and metabolic homeostasis are central to successful pregnancy. They insure that an adequate and continuous supply of metabolic fuels is available for the growing fetus. Healthy pregnancy is classically described as a mild diabetogenic state with significant adjustments in both insulin production and sensitivity. The placenta contributes to the endocrine adaptations to pregnancy through the synthesis of various hormones which may impact insulin action. Obesity has the highest prevalence among metabolic disease in pregnancy. This article summarizes the literature addressing the endocrine and metabolic adaptations implemented during normal pregnancy. Mechanisms of regulation are further examined in the context of maternal obesity.
Reflex effects of independent stimulation of coronary and left ventricular mechanoreceptors in anaesthetised dogs

1 Previous studies which have indicated that the stimulation of ventricular mechanoreceptors induces significant reflex responses can be criticised because of the likelihood of concomitant stimulation of coronary arterial baroreceptors. We therefore undertook this investigation to examine the coronary and ventricular mechanoreflexes in a preparation in which the pressure stimuli to each region were effectively separated. 2 Dogs were anaesthetised, artificially ventilated and placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. A balloon at the ventricular outflow separated pressure in the left ventricle from that perfusing the coronary arteries. Ventricular pressures were changed by varying inflow and outflow of blood entering and leaving the ventricle through an apical cannula, and coronary pressure by changing pressure in a reservoir connected to a cannula tied in the aortic root. Pressures distending carotid and aortic baroreceptors were controlled. Changes in descending aortic perfusion pressure (flow constant) were used to assess systemic vascular responses. 3 Large changes in carotid sinus and coronary pressures decreased vascular resistance by 35 ± 1.9 and 40 ± 2.5 %, respectively. Intracoronary injections of veratridine (30–60 μg) decreased vascular resistance by 31 ± 2.5 %. However, large increases in ventricular pressure decreased resistance by only 9 ± 2.2 %. 4 Significant changes in vascular resistance were obtained with increases in coronary arterial pressure from 60 to 90 mmHg. However, ventricular pressures had to increase to 152/18 mmHg (systolic/end‐diastolic) before there was a significant response. 5 These results show that coronary mechanoreceptors are likely to play an important role in cardiovascular control. If ventricular receptors have any function at all, it is as a protective mechanism during gross distension, possibly associated with myocardial ischaemia.
Insulin Stimulation of Na+-K+ Pump in Clonal Rat Osteosarcoma Cells

Clonal osteoblast-like cells derived from a rat osteogenic sarcoma (UMR 106–06) were shown to possess specific, high-affinity binding sites for insulin, with a receptor density of 22,000/cell. The hormone, at physiologic concentrations (1–10 ng/ml), was found to stimulate active K+ transport into these cells, the effect being mediated via the Na+-K+ pump. Alterations in insulin-receptor status by treatment of cells with glucocorticoids or exposure to subphysiologic pH was reflected in parallel changes in the sensitivity of the K+-uptake process to the hormone. We conclude that insulin can directly affect the metabolism of bone cells and that the hormone's action on transmembrane ion transport may be linked to interaction with its cell surface receptors.
Cerebral Circulation and Resuscitation

After reviewing the literature mainly with a view to elucidate the effect of drugs commonly used in cardiac resuscitation on CBF, attention is drawn to the frequent occurrence of obstruction or stenosis in the extracranial cerebral vessels. The known effects of head positioning on cerebral circulation are also briefly reviewed and some preliminary results of the authors are reported. Backward tilt with rotation of the head may be expected to have an adverse effect on CBF. Early intubation may be desirable, expecially in the older age groups, whenever feasible in order to maintain an open airway without having to tilt the head backward.
PathMaster: content-based cell image retrieval using automated feature extraction.

OBJECTIVE Currently, when cytopathology images are archived, they are typically stored with a limited text-based description of their content. Such a description inherently fails to quantify the properties of an image and refers to an extremely small fraction of its information content. This paper describes a method for automatically indexing images of individual cells and their associated diagnoses by computationally derived cell descriptors. This methodology may serve to better index data contained in digital image databases, thereby enabling cytologists and pathologists to cross-reference cells of unknown etiology or nature. DESIGN The indexing method, implemented in a program called PathMaster, uses a series of computer-based feature extraction routines. Descriptors of individual cell characteristics generated by these routines are employed as indexes of cell morphology, texture, color, and spatial orientation. MEASUREMENTS The indexing fidelity of the program was tested after populating its database with images of 152 lymphocytes/lymphoma cells captured from lymph node touch preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Images of "unknown" lymphoid cells, previously unprocessed, were then submitted for feature extraction and diagnostic cross-referencing analysis. RESULTS PathMaster listed the correct diagnosis as its first differential in 94 percent of recognition trials. In the remaining 6 percent of trials, PathMaster listed the correct diagnosis within the first three "differentials. " CONCLUSION PathMaster is a pilot cell image indexing program/search engine that creates an indexed reference of images. Use of such a reference may provide assistance in the diagnostic/prognostic process by furnishing a prioritized list of possible identifications for a cell of uncertain etiology.
Tarifverträge und Beschäftigungspolitik in Dienstleistungsunternehmen

Der Beitrag untersucht die Verbreitung von Tarifvertragen in Dienstleistungsunternehmen sowie deren Wirkungen auf die Beschaftigungspolitik im Falle von Nachfrageschwankungen. Der empirische Teil basiert auf der ZEW/Creditreform Konjunkturumfrage bei unternehmensnahen Dienstleistungsunternehmen aus den Jahren 1996 bis 1999. 38 Prozent der Unternehmen in der Stichprobe wenden einen Tarifvertrag an. In den nicht-tarifgebundenen Unternehmen werden in 87 Prozent die Arbeitsbedingungen einzelvertraglich ausgehandelt. Die okonometrischen Ergebnisse auf der Grundlage von geordneten Panelprobitmodellen unter Berucksichtigung unbeobachteter unternehmensspezifischer Heterogenitat deuten darauf hin, das Tarifvertrage die unternehmerische Beschaftigungspolitik beeinflussen. Im Falle von Nachfrageschwankungen wenden tarifgebundene Unternehmen die Instrumente Neueinstellungen und Uberstunden/Kurzarbeit signifikant seltener als nichttarifgebundene Unternehmen an.
Inspiring nursing's spirit: a leadership challenge for nurse educators.

In the midst of a faltering global economy, daunting technological change, an era of educated consumers, alternative therapies, genomics, increasingly complex care and one of the greatest shortages of nurses, the mandate of developing the professional potential of nursing presents a tremendous challenge. Charged with this responsibility, leaders in nursing education must find answers to some very difficult questions: Given limited agreement about the profession’s unique knowledge base and practice focus, why would potential colleagues choose to enter nursing? Can aging faculties successfully replenish the profession’s ranks with graduates equipped to deal with an ever-accelerating pace of change, an aging population, global epidemics, increasing disease chronicity, interdisciplinary healthcare and “health” policy persistently oriented toward medical cure and economic constraint? Faced with restructuring, downsizing, managed care and the business priorities of healthcare organizations, can nursing graduates be expected to sustain nursing’s contribution to the betterment of health? Can they continue to mentor, role-model and support those who aim to fill the ranks of nursing? Despite the efforts of leaders of all nursing sectors, nursing research (Rawnsley 2003; Bowen et al. 2000), curriculum refinements (Butts and Lundy 2003; Chin 2001) and administrative efforts have yet to provide answers to these questions. Recruitment and retention strateInspiring Nursing’s Spirit: A Leadership Challenge for Nurse Educators
Community participation in primary care in Ireland: the need for implementation research

There are now several decades of history of community participation in health, with significant international evidence to suggest that there is much to be gained by primary health services and disadvantaged communities working in partnership. In this paper we provide an overview of community participation in primary care, establishing the policy context in which a recent ‘Joint Initiative on Community Participation in Primary Health Care’ was developed in Ireland. This Initiative was designed to support the involvement of disadvantaged communities and groups in the development of primary health care services at local level. An independent formative evaluation of the Joint Initiative took place between September 2009 and April 2010. We present a summary of key findings from this evaluation. We pay particular attention to the issue of sustaining community participation in newly developed Primary Care Teams (PCTs) in the current and changing economic climate, an issue considered crucial if the documented positive impacts of the Joint Initiative are to be maintained and the potential for health gains in the longer term are to be realised. We then argue that the Joint Initiative referred to in this paper clearly provides a strong prototype for community participation in PCTs in Ireland. We also ask whether it can be replicated across all PCTs in the country and embedded as a core part of thinking and everyday health care. We highlight the need for research to build knowledge about the ways in which innovations such as this can be embedded into ongoing, routine healthcare practice. This research agenda will have relevance for policy makers, practitioners and evaluators in Ireland and other healthcare jurisdictions.
Focus groups suggest new strategies are needed to reach uninsured children in low-income families.

More than ever before, uninsured children in low-income families are eligible for low-cost health care coverage. But enrollment is lagging in California in both private-sector programs and public programs such as Healthy Families and Medi-Cal. The reason may be that low-income families whose earnings place them above the poverty line often struggle with the cost of unsubsidized health care coverage, to the point where many choose not to obtain coverage. That was the main conclusion drawn from focus groups designed to study the attitudes, perceptions, and opinions of low-income Californians about the value of health insurance for their children. On behalf of its Kaiser Permanente Cares for Kids initiative, Kaiser Permanente commissioned the study of Latino and non-Latino white parents with incomes between 200% and 275% of the federal income guidelines (family incomes ranging from $27,000 to $48,000 for a family of four in 1999). The goal of the study was to learn more about this population’s beliefs and values regarding children’s health care coverage, and to share those findings with policy makers, advocates and other interested parties.
Smouldering Mastocytosis: A Novel Subtype of Systemic Mastocytosis with Slow Progression

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a clonal disease that shows an either indolent or an aggressive clinical course. Utilizing established criteria, indolent SM can readily be discriminated from the rare aggressive subvariants of SM in most cases. In a small group of patients, however, clinical and laboratory parameters are indicative of slow progression without signs of aggressive disease or an associated hemopoietic neoplasm. These SM patients exhibit a high burden of mast cells, hypercellular marrow and organomegaly. Because of the ‘intermediate’ course and uncertain prognosis, these cases have been referred to as smouldering SM. In the present article, we discuss clinical and laboratory findings in smouldering SM and review the current literature. In addition, the pathophysiology of this novel subtype of SM is discussed.
Short-term optimal hydrothermal scheduling with power flow constraint

Short-term optimal hydrothermal scheduling (STOHS) problem is one of the most popular research issues in power system optimization. A novel mathematical model of the short-term hydrothermal scheduling is proposed in this paper. This model aims at minimizing the total fuel cost of the thermal generating units while satisfying the various constraints such as power balance, water balance, transmission network and other system's constraints. A modified particle swarm optimization algorithm which employs a migration operation and inertia weight decreasing strategy is presented to solve this optimization problem. Five constraint handling rules are integrated to handle the various constraints of the problem. An IEEE nine buses test system is applied to verify the proposed model and algorithm. The numerical results show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approach to the STOHS problem.
An architectural level test generator for a hierarchical design environment

Most state-of-the-art automatic test pattern generators (ATPGs) require a detailed gate level representation for the circuits under test, information that either does not exist or may not be available to the test engineers in a hierarchical design environment. An ATPG methodology working at an architectural level is proposed to exploit the hierarchy of the design and relieve the dependence on the gate level information. The test set for each high level primitive is pregenerated by any low-level sequential ATPG tool, based on any possible fault model. The test patterns in these test sets are justified and the fault effects are propagated at high level. Due to the fault collapsing effect, several data types have been defined for the manipulation of all possible fault effects. When conflict occurs and the backtracking mechanism is invoked, a novel tracing technique and an indexed backtracking technique are used to make high-level decisions. <<ETX>>
A Structural Impairment Detection System Using Competitive Arrays of Artificial Neural Networks

Impairments that occur in structural systems may degrade performance or prevent a structure from functioning safely. Detecting impairments prior to a structural failure reduces the effect of impairments on the safety of those using a structure. This article describes the computational framework of a Structural Impairment Detection System (SIDS) that processes the digital data streams of electronic sensors attached to critical components of a structure. The resulting system comprises a competitive array of neural networks that can accurately describe the types and severity of likely impairments present in the structure. The competitive array of neural networks is trained to detect patterns in data streams specific to likely target impairments. Data streams generated from ABAQUS models and from electronic sensors are used in training and evaluating the system. As part of the initial development of this SIDS, the counterweight truss of a 100‐year old railroad drawbridge was instrumented and evaluated. The resulting data streams were diagnosed autonomously by the SIDS as being similar to one of two operational conditions: unimpaired or a single impairment present in a member embedded within the counterweight. Further investigation of the counterweight truss is underway to verify the accuracy of the assessments.