Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Segmentation for touching Thai typewrittens

Thai characters vary in size and position in sentences and Thai word is composed of consonants, vowels and tones. Touching characters can occur both horizontal and vertical directions. This paper proposes a segmentation technique for touching Thai typewrittens. The proposal uses structural characteristics to detect suitable segmentation points in both horizontal and vertical directions. The segmentation process consists of 4 steps: line classification, zone identification, touching type and segmentation type. The proposed segmentation technique tested both electronic typewriters and manual portable typewriters. The segmentation accuracy of 94% has been obtained for 100 sentences of typewritten thesis documents.
Highly adhesive, transparent and conductive single-walled carbon nanotube film

Transparent conductive single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) film was fabricated by spraying onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates coated with a thin polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) layer. The PMMA layer of a thickness ∼1 µm was used as an adhesion promoter between the PET substrate and the SWNTs. The electrical conductivity of SWNT film was improved by treatments in nitric acid (HNO3) and thionyl chloride (SOCl2). The SWNT film obtained through this manufacturing method showed a sheet resistance of 150 Ω/sq with a transmittance of 80%. The film also revealed a high adhesion on the substrate, and the resistance change with the bending angle was small.
Global Source-Aware Statistical Post-Editing for General MT : Sentence Specification via Pseudo-Feedback

The automatic post-editing (APE), which can correct the translation errors, is an effective approach to improving machine translation (MT) output quality. This paper proposes a global source-aware SPE model to improve the MT translation quality leveraging pseudo-feedback to achieve the sentence specification. For a given source sentence, some similar sentences are retrieved from a translation memory (TM) as the post-editing data. The data is a set of tri-lingual parallel texts which contain the source sentences and their raw machine translations and their gold references (human translations). The alignments between the raw translation and the references are used to re-examine effectiveness of post-editing phrase pairs of the source-independent SPE model. The selected phrase pairs are applied to polish the raw translations. The experimental results show that our method brings the improvement of 3.78 BLEU score to the original outputs of Google translation, outperforms a source-independent SPE model by 1.09 BLEU points and a local source-aware SPE model by 1.02 BLEU points.
Mo(VI) Complexes Immobilized on SBA-15 as an Efficient Catalyst for 1-Octene Epoxidation

SBA-15 materials were functionalized through a post-synthetic methodology with molybdenum-Schiff bases to provide catalytic activity in epoxidation reactions. Thus, glycidoxypropyl functionalities were first attached to the surface of the mesostructured silica, followed by the reaction of the immobilized oxirane groups with 2-amino propyl pyridine. This reaction allowed the obtaining of (hydroxypropyl)-2-aminomethyl pyridine ligands, directly tethered to the surface of the mesoporous silica-based SBA-15, which resulted in excellent chelating ligands to immobilize dioxo molydenum species by a reaction with MoO2(acac)2. This investigation comprises a thorough characterization of the process for building the immobilized molybdenum-Schiff base complexes, as well as the use of the obtained materials in 1-octene oxidation in the presence of organic hydroperoxides. These materials displayed high intrinsic catalytic activity in the epoxidation of 1-octene with organic hydroperoxides under a wide variety of conditions, although both the reaction solvent as well as the nature of the organic hydroperoxide, exerted a dramatic influence on the catalytic activity of these heterogeneous oxidation catalysts. Thus, whereas nonpolar solvents provided good epoxide yields with high efficiency in the use of the oxidant, polar solvents depressed the catalytic activity of the supported Mo-Schiff bases. These results have been ascribed to the competition with the solvent, when polar, for binding to the metal sites, thus avoiding the formation of the hydroperoxo-metal cycle and the epoxidation of the olefin. The catalysts presented here show good reusability with low catalytic activity decay after the first reuse.
The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath: Ten Years On

Ten years ago, the study of Sylvia Plath's work was revolutionized by the publication of The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath. 1 Previously, readers of Plath's work had needed to travel to the Smith College archive to consult the approximately two-thirds of her journals (Hughes 177) not included in the earlier edition of The Journals of Sylvia Plath. 2 Even at Smith, the full, original manuscripts of Plath's August 1957 – November 1959 journals were sealed until work began on the Unabridged Journals in 1998. As many contemporary reviewers pointed out (Rose, Kendall, Moses, Nye), and as Karen Kukil makes clear in her editorial notes (Plath, Unabridged ix, 676), The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath does not contain all the journals that Plath wrote. There are eight early diaries and journals, written between 1944 and 1949, at the Lilly Library, Indiana University, which are not included. Also missing are the two last journals Plath kept, which "continued from where the surviving record breaks off in late 1959 and covered the last three years of [Plath's] life" (Hughes 177). In 1982, Ted Hughes wrote that the first of these journals "disappeared more recently (and may, presumably, still turn up)," and that he had destroyed the second, "because he did not want [Plath's] children to have to read it" (177). An unsent draft of a letter to Jacqueline Rose also survives, in which Hughes wrote, "I hid the last journal" (Enniss and Kukil 62). Furthermore, as both Karen Kukil (Plath, Unabridged 676) and Tracy Brain (144-5) have pointed out, the Lilly Library holds diaries, calendars, scrapbooks and other papers in which Plath recorded and reflected on the details of her life. As Brain puts it, "We must accept that there will never be a 'complete' edition of Plath's Journals" (145). The Unabridged Journals gives us a complete record of the twenty-three journal manuscripts and fragments held at Smith College. Its value to readers and scholars of Plath's work cannot be overstated. Writing in the New York Times, Joyce Carol Oates criticized the "adulatory" nature of Kukil's meticulous faithfulness to the details of the text of Plath's journals, but this is misguided.
A Nationwide Survey of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Clinics in the United States

Rationale: Management of sarcoidosis patients with the potential for multi-organ involvement can be complex and require the expertise of multiple specialties. Objectives: Our goal was to estimate the current number of clinics dedicated to the management of patients with sarcoidosis, and to evaluate what clinic structures and definitions currently exist. Methods: A link to an online survey was emailed to Division Directors of Pulmonary and Critical Care Programs at academic medical centers in the United States. The survey email included 126 of the 142 U.S. academic pulmonary and critical care programs. The National Inpatient Sample database (2010) was used to identify yearly hospitalizations for sarcoidosis patients by state, as a surrogate indicator of prevalence of sarcoidosis across the United States. Measurements and main results: A total of 40 (31.8%) Pulmonary Division Directors responded to the survey. Our survey results suggest a minority of academic medical centers have dedicated sarcoidosis clinics (40%), and that the existence of a dedicated sarcoidosis clinic is associated with the number of sarcoidosis patients seen annually. Only three centers (7.5%) reported having a multidisciplinary sarcoidosis clinic in which providers from different specialties see sarcoidosis patients concurrently. Multidisciplinary sarcoidosis clinics appeared to be located where hospitalization rates for sarcoidosis are higher. Conclusions: A minority of academic medical centers has a dedicated sarcoidosis clinic, and the minority of dedicated sarcoidosis clinics used a concurrent multidisciplinary model. Additional research comparing patient populations, clinic organization and processes, as well as patient outcomes is needed to determine the optimal clinic structure for sarcoidosis. We assert that the sarcoidosis community should create a standard multidisciplinary model for evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment which could lead to more reliable conclusions and progress in treatment of sarcoidosis.
Assessing Treatment and Treatment Processes

Glaser (1980) noted that assessing treatment and treatment processes had not been a high priority in the alcohol treatment field. Subsequent to his observation, however, a surge of interest in treat­ ment assessment has taken place among adminis­ trators, researchers, and clinicians. Indeed, a recent issue of Substance Use & Misuse (Magura 2000) contained several articles on substance abuse treatment assessment. That interest has been spurred by several developments. One is an expanding focus on systems analysis and between-program differences, prompted by efforts toward health care reform. In order to describe programs and examine interrelationships among program characteristics and quality of care indices, policymakers, administrators, and researchers recognized the need for instruments to assess program-level variables. A second reason for rising interest in treat­ ment assessment has been increasing recognition of the complex nature of predominantly psychoso­ cial interventions, such as those often used to treat alcohol use disorders even when pharmacologic agents also are provided. One example of this complexity is “therapist effects” in the delivery of treatment (Najavits and Weiss 1994; Najavits et al. 2000), that is, the way in which the “same” treatment can be delivered quite differently by different therapists. Treatment researchers have become aware of the need to not only facilitate the provision of standardized treatment through the use of therapist training, supervision, and treat­ ment manuals (e.g., K.M. Carroll 1997) but also to assess the implementation of the complex, multifaceted treatments they are studying. For example, it is important to document that distinc­ tive treatments have been applied in comparative evaluations, especially in studies of patient-treatment matching, and to conduct treatment process analy­ ses to identify “active ingredients of treatment” and “mechanisms of change. ” On the clinical side, treatment providers need instruments with which to assess the quality of treatment provision, as well as the progress of their clients during treatment. Their motivation is the same as that among researchers: Such instru­ ments are seen as essential elements in the effort to improve clinical care. This chapter first presents a broad, multilevel model of the treatment processes. Then, measures of the different domains of treatment variables addressed by the model are reviewed. The predominantly recent interest in the assessment of treatment continues to be reflected in the avail­ ability of only a few established measures. A number of promising instruments are reviewed, however. When multiple measures assess a partic­ ular domain, descriptive and psychometric data for them are presented in tabular form. The final section considers additional work needed to develop high-quality measures of treatment and treatment processes.
Fuzzy Control for Electric Power-Assisted Wheelchair Driving on Disturbance Roads

This paper describes a driving control scheme of electric power-assisted wheelchairs for assistive driving on various large disturbance roads. The “power-assisted wheelchair” that assists the driving force by electric motors is expected to be widely used as a mobility support system for elderly people and disabled people; however, there are lots of large disturbance roads such as uphill roads and rough roads and operators need to push hand-rims with larger power load in order to obtain enough driving distance and velocity. For example, wheelchairs might move backward on uphill roads due to the driving torque shortage. Therefore, this study proposes a fuzzy-algorithm-based torque control scheme in order to realize the assistive driving on large disturbance roads. The proposed fuzzy controller has a simple structure because high-performance CPUs and controllers are difficult to be carried on practical wheelchairs. The assisted torque after the operator releases hand-rims will be adjusted so that the enough velocity is kept even on large disturbance roads. Driving experimental results and evaluation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control system.
A REVIEW ON ABRASIVE WATER JET CUTTING Sreekesh

The development of high performance material such as composites and advanced ceramics has a variety of manufacturing challenges. It is known that many of these materials cannot be effectively machined by conventional machining methods. Apart from economics, the process selection is based on the machined surface integrity. The high pressure waterjet with abrasive additives known as abrasive water jet (AWJ) is one viable alternative to conventional processing and has been suggested for use in post mold shaping of composites and other hard to cut material. The research works on water jet cutting is discussed in this paper. Omni directional cutting potential as well as minimal thermal and mechanical loading are few advantages. There are several parameters influencing the performance of abrasive water jet machining. Important process parameters which mainly affect the quality of cutting are traverse speed, hydraulic pressure, abrasive flow rate, standoff distance, and abrasive type, work material. Material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra), taper of cut, width of cut are important quality parameters of AWJM.
The Determination of Metals in Cosmetics

The U.S. FDA has not regulated metals in cosmetics except in the case that zirconium is prohibited in aerosol preparations and mercury can only be used (generally as a preservative) when no other alternative is possible. They do have the authority to protect consumers against contamination deemed to be deleterious to health. Proposition 65 in California requires notice when concentrations in a product may cause exposure to hazardous components exceeding a prudent level. A letter from the Attorney General of the State of California discusses the level of concern and calculates that based on documented lipstick use, a concentration of 5 mg/kg would be the level of concern requiring listing.2 The regulations in Canada include statements about heavy metals, and although low concentrations may be difficult to avoid, concentrations above the levels listed in Table 1 (Page 2) require special scrutiny. ICP-Mass Spectrometry A P P L I C A T I O N N O T E
Combination of First Trimester Maternal Plasma Homocysteine and Uterine artery Doppler Velocimetry for Perinatal Outcome

Introduction The complex process of placentation begins during the first trimester. To reduce the vessel resistance and to increase uteroplacental flow, the spiral arteries undergo a series of vascular transformations through two waves of trophoblastic invasion at 11 to 14 and 20 to 24 weeks of gestation (Tuuli et al., 2011). Any disturbance during this placentation process causes early pregnancy loss or complications that usually occur in the third trimester, such as placental abruption, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm birth or intrauterine fetal death (Whitley and Cartwright, 2010). Routine prenatal care focuses on the detection of women at increased risk, aiming at careful monitoring and appropriate intervention. Although these problems become manifest in the second half of pregnancy and a lot of research have been employed accordingly, there is evidence that they are associated with events taking place in the first trimester of pregnancy (Abdel Moety et al., 2016). Hyperhomocystenemia has been shown to be associated with placental abruption, pre-eclampsia, IUGR, preterm birth or intrauterine fetal death in several studies (Mierla et al., 2012).
A Contact-Mechanics-Based Model for General Rough Pads in Chemical Mechanical Polishing Processes

In this paper, a general rough-pad model is proposed for the chemical mechanical polishing CMP process. The proposed rough-pad model has several advantages over existing models. First, general height distribution functions and autocorrelation functions are used to describe the pad surface, which are easier to obtain than pad asperity height and curvature distributions in existing models. Second, the spectral representation technique and nonlinear transformation method used in the model allow rough-pad surfaces with general pad surface height distributions and autocorrelation functions. Thus, no assumption is made on the surface geometry and statistics of the pad. A conjugate-gradient iteration scheme combined with the fast Fourier transform technique is used to solve the resulting wafer–pad rough-contact problems to fully take into account the bulk deformation of the pad and the interactions among neighboring asperities. Model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data in the existing literature. Based on the proposed model, the effects of CMP process parameters and underlying pattern geometries on dishing and erosion can be evaluated. The proposed model may also be used as a CMP pad design tool for improving dishing and erosion.
Urbanization of Migrant Workers and Expansion of Domestic Demand

本文从一般均衡的视角，揭示农民工市民化与扩大内需的关系。 中国之所以要立 足内需发展经济，应对外需下滑只是一个短暂的原因，其根本原因在于改变当前经济 内外失衡和产业结构失衡的“双失衡”格局，以及充分利用国内市场优势更好更快实 现工业化的需要。 如果采取切实措施加快农民工市民化进程，则其潜在的消费需求就 可以充分释放出来。 这不仅有助于抵消外需下滑对经济增长的负面影响，而且有助于 中国经济摆脱“双失衡”格局，全面提升中国工业化和城市化水平。 关键词: 农民工市民化 扩大内需 中国经济 This paper explores, from the perspective of general equilibrium, the relationship between urbanizing migrant workers and increasing domestic demand. Why should China adopt the strategy of relying on domestic demand to develop its economy? Countering the impact of declining external demand is only a temporary reason for doing so, and the more fundamental reason is the need to change the “dual imbalance” in today's economy: the imbalance between internal and external economic arrangements and the industry structural imbalance, as well as the need to take full advantage of the domestic market to achieve the goal of industrialization. The latent consumption demand of migrant workers will be fully released if realistic measures are taken to accelerate the pace of turning migrant workers into urban residents. This will help neutralize the negative impact of reduced external demand, as well as rectifying the structural imbalances in the Chinese economy and upgrading China's industrialization and urbanization.
Anatomy, physiology and biomechanics of hamstrings injury in football and effective strength and flexibility exercises for its prevention

The muscles of the back of the thigh with its particular role in movement of athletes and people in general and, therefore, the position of the musculoskeletal system. require specific attention in the athlete's training planned procession. As a group of muscles, which has an impact on two joint system performs multiple missions, it is susceptible to various injuries. They act on the hip joints and knees, which are very important in basic movements of football players. Stabilizing role during movement requires very good coordination among this muscles with the synchronized activity of other muscles. Concentric and especially eccentric movements are very prominent during the movement of the hamstring muscles. Eccentric movements of the muscles lengthen muscle that is contracted and thus require much greater force activity that contributes to a risk of injury. Football as a complex activity has acyclic interval that requires a high degree of development of physical abilities in the modern sport but nobody paid attention to this muscle group. For this reason and many other factors, muscles of the back of the thigh have been frequently injured. Identifying all factors of risk, and trying to remove them is concern of many sports doctors, which is only possible with care and active participation of athletes themselves.
Associations between HBeAg status, HBV DNA, ALT level and liver histopathology in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a significant healthcare problem all over the world. Between January 2009 and May 2014, a total of 96 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were enrolled in study. A total of 96 CHB cases were examined. The mean total liver histological activity indices for grade and stage were 6.01±2.46, and 1.6±0.99 and the mean ALT and AST levels were 32.6 ±21.0 IU/L and 25.6 ±11.2 IU/L, respectively. The mean HBV DNA level was 8.9 x106±3.3106 IU/mL. Forty (41.7%) patients had HBV DNA <20 IU/Ml (undetectable) and 14 (14.6%) patients had HBV DNA levels between 21 and 2000 IU/mL. Of the total 96 patients, 100% were HBsAg positive, 88 (91.7%) were HBeAg negative and 8 (8.3%) were HBeAg positive. A significant correlation was found between the HBeAg serostatus, HBV DNA level and the histological activity index necroinflammatory total scores (P= 0.034 and 0.000). We found no correlation between the fibrosis score and HBeAg status (P= 0.451). However, a statistically significant difference was found between HBV DNA levels and stage of fibrosis (P= 0.048). A significant relationship was found between the HBeAg status, HBV DNA level and ALT and AST levels (P= 0.000, 0.000, 0.032, 0.024). The HBeAg status of CHB patients should not affect the treatment response or need for long-term follow-up visits with repeat ALT and HBV DNA levels. However, chronic hepatitis patients who are negative for HBeAg may need different short-term follow-up.
Effective poverty reduction and empowering women : a win-win situation ? CCTs in Latin America

Conditional cash transfer programmes (CCTs) provide poor households with cash transfers on the condition that their children attend school and have regular health check-ups or similar measures that invest in their human capital. The fact that mothers are commonly chosen as recipients of these transfers has often led to the claim that CCTs, in addition to reducing poverty, also empower women and promote gender equality. However, this paper argues that the narrow focus on material poverty reduction that most CCTs share restricts the gendered dimensions of their programme design. The more comprehensive the concept of poverty used in research, the smaller the evidence base for positive gendered impacts of CCTs. Building on the conceptual issues surrounding the discussion of the feminisation of anti-poverty programmes and its translation into CCTs, this paper therefore calls for more deliberately gender-sensitive programme designs to address women‟s capabilities for income generation and for the inclusion of men in order to transform gender relations and create more equality.
Optimal Control and Bidding Strategy of Virtual Power Plant with Renewable Generation

A Virtual Power Plant (VPP), aggregating the capacities of distributed energy resources (DER) as a single profile, provides presence of DERs in the electricity market. In this paper, a stochastic bidding model is proposed for the VPP to optimise the bids in the day-ahead and balancing market, with the objective to maximise its expected economic profit. The performance of proposed strategy has been assessed in a modified commercial VPP (CVPP) system with wind generation installed, and also the results are compared with the ones achieved from other commonly-used strategies to verify its feasibility.