Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein E deficiency enhances the antigen‐presenting capacity of Schwann cells

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) has immunomodulatory properties and has been implicated in the pathogenic mechanism of autoimmune diseases. Previously, the authors found that apoE deficiency increased the susceptibility to experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), an animal model for human Guillain‐Barré syndrome. To further elucidate the mechanism behind apoE deficiency exacerbating EAN, the authors investigated the role of major target and important antigen‐presenting cells of the peripheral nerve system, Schwann cells (SCs), in apoE knockout mice. Treatment of apoE deficient SCs with recombinant mouse interferon‐γ and lipopolysaccharide resulted in higher MHC‐II and CD40 expression as compared with normal SCs derived from wild‐type mice. The increased MHC‐II and CD40 expression on SCs was accompanied by lower levels of intracellular IL‐6 production within SCs of apoE deficiency, which is confirmed by the neutralization with anti IL‐6 antibody. The increased antigen‐presenting capacity of apoE deficient SCs was further explored by enhancement of T cell proliferation co‐cultured with P0 peptide 180–199 specific T cells derived from EAN mice immunized with the P0 peptide. In conclusion, apoE may protect mice from EAN and probably also from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy by affecting the antigen‐presenting function of SCs via influence of IL‐6 production. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localized Pure Ground-Glass Opacity on High-Resolution CT: Histologic Characteristics

Purpose The aim of this study is to assess the histologic characteristics in cases of localized pure ground-glass opacity (LPGGO) that do not exhibit consolidation on high-resolution CT (HRCT) images. Method Twenty surgically resected lesions from 20 consecutive cases were retrospectively investigated. Each of the 20 lesions had exhibited LPGGO on HRCT images. The HRCT images and histopathologic findings were examined for correlations. Results The areas of LPGGO had a maximum diameter of 2.0–24 mm on the HRCT images. Histopathology of the LPGGO lesions resulted in diagnosis of fibrosis (n = 3; 15%), atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (n = 5; 25%), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (n = 10; 50%), and adenocarcinoma with stromal invasion (n = 2; 10%). Nonaerogenous components corresponding to solid components without normal alveolar septal destruction were pathologically observed in 15 of the 20 lesions. The diameter of the nonaerogenous components varied between 0.2 and 2.0 mm. Conclusion Because 10% of LPGGO lesions include invasive disease, patients with LPGGO should undergo pathologic examination for confirmation.
A simple test to assess the static and dynamic accuracy of an inertial sensors system for human movement analysis

In the present study we introduced a simple test to assess the orientation error of an inertial sensors system for human movement analysis, both in static and dynamic conditions. In particular, the test was intended to quantify the sensitivity of the orientation error to direction and velocity of rotation. The test procedure was performed on a 5 MT9B sensors Xsens acquisition system, and revealed that the system orientation error, expressed by Euler angles decomposition, was sensitive both to direction and to velocity, being higher for fast movements: for mean rotation velocities of 180deg/s and 360deg/s, the worst case orientation error was 5.4deg and 11.6deg, respectively. The test can be suggested therefore as a useful tool to verify the user specific system accuracy without requiring any special equipment. In addition, the test provides further error information concerning direction and velocity of the movement which are not supplied by the producer, since they depend on the specific field of application
Geographical Segregation of the Neurotoxin-Producing Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis

ABSTRACT Blooms of the cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis are a major worldwide problem due to their production of a range of toxins, in particular the neurotoxins anatoxin-a and paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs). Although there is a worldwide distribution of A. circinalis, there is a geographical segregation of neurotoxin production. American and European isolates of A. circinalisproduce only anatoxin-a, while Australian isolates exclusively produce PSPs. The reason for this geographical segregation of neurotoxin production by A. circinalis is unknown. The phylogenetic structure of A. circinalis was determined by analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequences. A. circinalis was found to form a monophyletic group of international distribution. However, the PSP- and non-PSP-producing A. circinalis formed two distinct 16S rRNA gene clusters. A molecular probe was designed, allowing the identification of A. circinalis from cultured and uncultured environmental samples. In addition, probes targeting the predominantly PSP-producing or non-PSP-producing clusters were designed for the characterization of A. circinalis isolates as potential PSP producers.
Recovery of Superconducting State in an R-SCFCL MCP-BSCCO-2212 Assembly

In this paper, we investigate the recovery process of resistive superconducting fault current limiters (R-SCFCLs) after fault clearance. The R-SCFCL module consists of an MCP-BSCCO-2212 bulk coil. A short-circuit test showed that an assembly containing 12 R-SCFCL modules is able to limit a prospective fault current of about 99 to just 11 kApeak within the first half-cycle of current (under Vo = 1 kVrms). The current limiting behavior and the recovery process were analyzed by mean of simulations considering the E-J curve and the heat exchanges with the liquid nitrogen bath and between the components of each R-SCFCL module. Simulations of recovery under load and without load were done.
Properties Modification of Fiber Metal Laminates by Nanofillers

During past decades, increasing demand of modified Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) has stimulated a strong trend towards the development of these structures. FMLs contain several thin layers of metal bonded with composite materials. Characteristics of FMLs such as low specific mass, high bearing strength, impact resistance, corrosion resistance and high fatigue life are attractive. Nowadays, increasing development can be observed to promote the properties of polymer-based composites by nanofillers. By dispersing strong, nanofillers in polymer matrix, modified composites can be developed and tailored to individual applications. On the other hand, the synergic effects of nanoparticles such as graphene and carbon nanotube can significantly improve the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of nanocomposites. In present paper, the modifying of FMLs by nanofillers and the dispersing of nanoparticles in the polymers matrix are discussed. The evaluations have revealed that this approach is acceptable. Finally, a prospect is presented. This paper will lead to further work on these modified FML species. Keywords—Fiber metal laminate, nanofiller, polymer matrix, property modification.
Overview of Certain Properties of Scale-Free Graphs

This lecture comprises two parts. In first part, we talk about certain connectivity properties of scale-free graphs that use the preferential attachment model. Specifically, we present the work by Mihail et.al. [1], where they show that these graphs have constant conductance, and they are frugal. The latter part of the lecture is concerned with graph models for Web graph, and is based on work by Kumar et.al. [3], where authors have presented graph models for the Web graph that can generate graphs with power-law degree distributions as well as bipartite cliques, which are both known to be hallmark properties of the Web graph. We expect the audience to take away the following from this lecture: For the first part, we would like the audience to appreciate that while having random graph models that can generate power-laws is quite remarkable, these models are quite useless unless we can say something useful about the graphs that are built using these graph models. The fact that [1] show constant conductance for these graphs, which in turn can be used to infer worst-case congestion as well as coverage time for the networks, is truly significant. In the second part of the lecture, our goal is show that there exist graph models that produce more properties found in real-world graphs than just the degree distribution. Specifically, we will talk about models that generate graphs with bipartite cliques, which are known to exist in the Web graph, but are absent in previously known graph models.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Chiral Metal-Salen Complexes Bearing a Ferrocenophane Substituent

The C2-symmetrical “salen” ligand (+)-9 bearing two [5]ferrocenophane substituents has been prepared in five steps starting from readily available diacetylferrocene, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and (R,R)-N,N’-diphenylethylenediamine. Reaction of (+)-9 with Mn(OAc)3, Co(OAc)2 ZnEt2 or UO2(OAc)2 gave the corresponding metal-complexes which were characterised by spectroscopic methods.
Recurrent oesophageal intramucosal squamous carcinoma treated by endoscopic mucosal resection and subsequent radiofrequency ablation using HALO system

The method of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is currently used for the treatment of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus. It has theoretical potential also for the use in squamous epithelial neoplasias. The authors present a case report of an early diagnosis of squamous cancer in a high-risk patient, its endoscopic treatment and follow-up, and successful RFA of recurrent neoplasia. RFA can expand our therapeutic possibilities for the management of recurrent neoplastic lesions after endoscopic treatment of squamous oesophageal cancer.
Stability of free and immobilized Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis in acidified milk and of immobilized B. lactis in yoghurt

Este trabalho avaliou a estabilidade de Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb-12) e de Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-05) nas formas livre e imobilizada em alginato de calcio, em leite e leite acidificado (pHs 5.0, 4.4 e 3.8), e a estabilidade de B. lactis imobilizado em iogurte (fermentado ate pH 4.2), durante 28 dias de estocagem refrigerada. Tambem foi estudada a eficiencia de dois meios de cultura (agar MRS modificado e Reinforced Clostridial Agar, acrescido de Prussian Blue) para enumerar B. lactis em iogurte. Agar Lee foi usado para enumeracao de Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus quando B. lactis era enumerado no meio MRS. Ambos os microrganismos, nas formas livre e imobilizada, apresentaram uma taxa de sobrevivencia adequada nos leites acidificados, uma vez que houve reducao de apenas um ciclo log, apos 21 dias de estocagem refrigerada. O numero de celulas viaveis de B. lactis imobilizado mostrou um declinio gradual durante o periodo de armazenamento do iogurte, passando de 108 ufc/ml ate nao ter mais contagem na diluicao 10-1. Quando as culturas nao estavam em equilibrio, o meio MRS modificado foi mais eficiente para a contagem de B. lactis em iogurte. Em vista destes resultados pode-se concluir que ambos os microrganismos podem ser incorporados em leite e leite acidificados, haja visto que a reducao na populacao foi pequena durante o periodo de armazenagem estudado. A presenca da cultura tradicional de iogurte parece ter afetado negativamente a sobrevivencia de B. lactis e a imobilizacao nao proveu protecao as celulas, em nenhum dos tratamentos estudados.
J.P. de Valk, Roomser dan de paus? Studies over de betrekkingen tussen de Heilige Stoel en het Nederlands katholicisme, 1815-1940. Een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van de letteren

In this paper we will define the notion intercalation as a subgroup within the group of constructions that make a sentence discontinuous. An inventory is made of constructions in Dutch that answer to the definition. We conclude that on the basis of their syntactic and semantic characteristics, intercalations can be classified into three classes. 1 Inleiding Het Nederlands kent een groot aantal discontinuerende structuren, constructies die de normale loop van de zin tijdelijk onderbreken. Deze zijn niet zeer uitvoerig beschreven. De standaard aanname lijkt te zijn, dat discontinuerende constructies altijd en overal kunnen voorkomen in elke willekeurige vorm. Wij zullen die aanname bestrijden voor althans één groep discontinuerende structuren: de intercalaties. Deze term, ontleend aan De Groot (1949), beschrijft alle zinsvreemde elementen die een lopende zin onderbreken; voorbeelden hiervan zijn reporting clauses (zoals zei hij vrolijk) of aansprekingen (Majesteit), maar ook andere constructies zullen in de loop van het artikel ter sprake komen. Onze definitie van intercalaties dekt een aantal constructies die totnogtoe niet als verwante constructies werden beschouwd. Het onderzoek naar intercalaties kan daardoor een nieuw licht werpen op de beschrijving van individuele constructies. Een betere beschrijving van intercalaties zal bovendien leiden tot beter inzicht in discontinuerende constructies in het algemeen, en daardoor ook tot meer inzicht in discontinue constructies. Ten slotte kan een betere beschrijving van intercalaties bijdragen aan de automatische analyse van het Nederlands; parsering van structuren die intercalaties bevatten, en van structuren met discontinuerende constructies in het algemeen, is tot op heden vrijwel onmogelijk. Dit artikel zal in paragraaf 2 beginnen met een omschrijving van het begrip intercalatie. In paragraaf 3 zal vervolgens worden gezocht naar overeenkomsten en verschillen tussen de verschillende typen intercalatie. Paragraaf 4 bevat de conclusies die op grond van de bevindingen getrokken kunnen worden. 1 Deze constructies zijn ook weleens aangeduid met de term parenthetische constructies. Omdat de term parenthetische zin in de literatuur echter vrijwel uitsluitend gereserveerd is voor één constructie (namelijk de objectloze parenthetische zin, zie par. 2.2), geven we de voorkeur aan het gebruik van de neutrale term intercalatie.
Region character of seasonal change in vegetation activity in response to climate change in the West of China in recent 20 years

Using NDVI data of NOAA-AVHRR in recent 20 years and the temperature and precipitation data of west China, the vegetation activity is discussed by adopting the EOF and REOF decompose functions. The result shows that it is increasing of overall trend of vegetation activity in different seasons, which reflects the growth period of vegetation is advanced and prolonged under the circumstance of climate warming, but the vegetation envelopment has much inconsistency between different regions and seasons. There are 4 notable regions, 8 sub-areas for vegetation envelopment in spring and summer, and 9 sub-areas in autumn. The vegetation activity in the most sub-areas is increasing. The most notable region is represented by Lazi station in Tibet plateau. Two other marked stations are represented by Aletai station in Xinjiang province and Penshui station in Sichuan province. But the trend through the time series analysis of NDVI of the other two sub-areas, Tulufan station in Xinjiang province and Huashan station in Shanxi province, are descending. It is an important reason of vegetation envelopment that temperature ascends in the most regions and descends in the east region in some seasons. But another important reason for vegetation envelopment is that precipitation is ascending in the west and descending in the east of the region.
What has passed is prolog: new cellular and physiological roles of G6PD

Abstract G6PD deficiency has been the most pervasive inherited disorder in the world since having been discovered. G6PD has an antioxidant role by functioning as a major nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) provider to reduce excessive oxidative stress. NADPH can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) mediated by NADPH oxidase (NOX) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), respectively. Hence, G6PD also has a pro-oxidant role. Research in the past has focused on the enhanced susceptibility of G6PD-deficient cells or individuals to oxidative challenge. The cytoregulatory role of G6PD has largely been overlooked. By using a metabolomic approach, it is noted that upon oxidant challenge, G6PD-deficient cells will reprogram the GSH metabolism from regeneration to synthesis with exhaustive energy consumption. Recently, new cellular/physiologic roles of G6PD have been discovered. By using a proteomic approach, it has been found that G6PD plays a regulatory role in xenobiotic metabolism possibly via NOX and the redox-sensitive Nrf2-signaling pathway to modulate the expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Since G6PD is a key regulator responsible for intracellular redox homeostasis, G6PD deficiency can alter redox balance leading to many abnormal cellular effects such as the cellular inflammatory and immune response against viral infection. G6PD may play an important role in embryogenesis as G6PD-knockdown mouse cannot produce offspring and G6PD-deficient C. elegans with defective egg production and hatching. This array of findings indicates that the cellular and physiologic roles of G6PD, other than the classical role as an antioxidant enzyme, deserve further attention.
Two-week delay in onset of action of antidepressants: new evidence

Summary Many sources purport that antidepressants have a delayed onset of action, measured in weeks rather than days. Recent data using weekly or daily mood ratings demonstrate that maximum improvement occurs during the first 2 weeks, with some improvement within the first 3 days. Methodological issues may underlie the delayed-onset hypothesis.
Injection drug use and right sided endocarditis

If William Osler were alive today he would no doubt remark on the fundamental change in the nature of the disease that he originally described. Staphylococcal endocarditis in injection drug users is now the dominant form of the disease in many urban communities where there is a high incidence of injection drug use and homelessness. At our institution (a tertiary care, university affiliated hospital in inner Vancouver), 63% of 116 hospitalisations between 1994 and 2000 for infective endocarditis (IE) were in injection drug users. Right sided endocarditis accounts for 10% of all IE in population based surveys1 and a higher proportion of IE in injection drug users. Modern echocardiographic techniques have considerably augmented our ability to diagnose IE and to understand its natural history. Despite this, there are many areas in which our understanding of right sided IE remains incomplete. Right sided IE has a significant morbidity and mortality that adds a notable economic burden to stretched inner city health care facilities. The challenges of caring for this population of patients should not be underestimated and demands a logical and coordinated approach among care providers and physicians from a variety of specialties. This article reviews aspects of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of right sided IE in injection drug users. Although right sided IE may occur in association with congenital heart disease and instrumentation of the right heart, it is overwhelmingly a disease of injection drug users, at least in western populations. Among injection drug users presenting with fever, 13% will have echocardiographic evidence of IE.2 If injection drug users with bacteraemia from an inner city demographic are considered, up to 41% will have evidence of IE.3 The pathogenic mechanisms that explain the increased prevalence of right sided IE in injection drug users are not …
High-speed Schottky-barrier pMOSFET with f/sub T/=280 GHz

High-speed results on sub-30-nm gate length pMOSFETs with platinum silicide Schottky-barrier source and drain are reported. With inherently low series resistance and high drive current, these deeply scaled transistors are promising for high-speed analog applications. The fabrication process simplicity is compelling with no implants required. A sub-30-nm gate length pMOSFET exhibited a cutoff frequency of 280 GHz, which is the highest reported to date for a silicon MOS transistor. Off-state leakage current can be easily controlled by augmenting the Schottky barrier height with an optional blanket As implant. Using this approach, good digital performance was also demonstrated.
Requirement of Multiple Protein Domains and Residues for GatingK ATP Channels by Intracellular pH*

ATP-sensitive K+ channels (K ATP) are regulated by pH in addition to ATP, ADP, and phospholipids. In the study we found evidence for the molecular basis of gating the cloned KATP by intracellular protons. Systematic constructions of chimerical Kir6.2-Kir1.1 channels indicated that full pH sensitivity required the N terminus, C terminus, and M2 region. Three amino acid residues were identified in these protein domains, which are Thr-71 in the N terminus, Cys-166 in the M2 region, and His-175 in the C terminus. Mutation of any of them to their counterpart residues in Kir1.1 was sufficient to completely eliminate the pH sensitivity. Creation of these residues rendered the mutant channels clear pH-dependent activation. Thus, critical players in gating KATP by protons are demonstrated. The pH sensitivity enables the KATP to regulate cell excitability in a number of physiological and pathophysiological conditions when pH is low but ATP concentration is normal.
Impact of Applying NINDS-AIREN Criteria of Probable Vascular Dementia to Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of a Stroke Cohort with Dementia

Background: There are no data concerning the relative representation of clinical vascular risk factors and radiological lesions in cases that have been ruled in and ruled out for probable vascular dementia (VaD) according to NINDS-AIREN criteria. Methods: Three months after their index stroke, a psychiatrist interviewed patients and made a diagnosis of VaD according to both DSM-IV and NINDS-AIREN criteria for probable VaD. Patients who fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for VaD were divided into two groups: those who were ruled in and ruled out according to NINDS-AIREN criteria as probable VaD. Demographic characteristics, vascular risk factors, clinical features of the index stroke and radiological findings were then compared between the two groups. Results: Of the 297 patients screened, 56 (18.8%) had a DSM-IV diagnosis of dementia. Among these demented patients, 55 (98.2%) and 22 (39.3%) fulfilled DSM-IV and NINDS-AIREN diagnosis of VaD, respectively. The concordance and level of agreement (kappa statistic) between DSM-IV and NINDS-AIREN diagnoses were 40% and 0.02, respectively. Reasons of failure to meet NINDS-AIREN criteria included the lack of temporal relationship between dementia and stroke (n = 20), the absence of focal neurological signs and/or radiological evidence of stroke (n = 6) and both of the above (n = 7). There was no significant difference between the above two groups in terms of demographic data, features of index stroke, vascular risk factors and CT scan findings, except that leukoaraiosis (p = 0.021) and bilateral lesions (p = 0.015) were more frequent in subjects diagnosed according to NINDS-AIREN criteria of probable VaD. The difference between these two groups with respect to the number of lesions was borderline for significance (p = 0.052). Conclusions: The use of NINDS-AIREN criteria for VaD for case selection in poststroke dementia research may exclude a number of subjects with VaD.