Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revealing Cultural Ecosystem Services through Instagram Images : The Potential of Social Media Volunteered Geographic Information for Urban Green Infrastructure Planning and Governance

With the prevalence of smartphones, new ways of engaging citizens and stakeholders in urban planning and governance are emerging. The technologies in smartphones allow citizens to act as sensors of their environment, producing and sharing rich spatial data useful for new types of collaborative governance set-ups. Data derived from Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) can support accessible, transparent, democratic, inclusive, and locally-based governance situations of interest to planners, citizens, politicians, and scientists. However, there are still uncertainties about how to actually conduct this in practice. This study explores how social media VGI can be used to document spatial tendencies regarding citizens’ uses and perceptions of urban nature with relevance for urban green space governance. Via the hashtag #sharingcph , created by the City of Copenhagen in 2014, VGI data consisting of geo-referenced images were collected from Instagram, categorised according to their content and analysed according to their spatial distribution patterns. The results show specific spatial distributions of the images and main hotspots. Many possibilities and much potential of using VGI for generating, sharing, visualising and communicating knowledge about citizens’ spatial uses and preferences exist, but as a tool to support scientific and democratic interaction, VGI data is challenged by practical, technical and ethical concerns. More research is needed in order to better understand the usefulness and application of this rich data source to governance.
TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ İLİŞKİSİ

Bu calismanin amaci, Turkiye’de ekonomik buyume ve elektrik tuketimi iliskisini ortaya koymaktir. Bu kapsamda calisma uc bolumde hazirlanmistir. Birinci bolum, enerjinin kavramsal cercevesine ayrilmistir. Burada enerjinin tanimi, onemi, enerji kaynaklari aciklandiktan sonra dunyada ve Turkiye’de enerji kaynaklarinin genel durumu detayli bicimde ele alinmistir. Elektrik enerjisinin de genel gorunumune yer verildikten sonra elektrik sektorunun genel ozelliklerine yer verilmis; ikinci bolume gecilmistir. Ikinci bolumde arastirmanin temelini olusturan ekonomik buyume kavrami aciklanmistir. Ekonomik buyumenin tanimi, ekonomik buyume ile iliskili kavramlar, ekonomik buyumenin belirleyicileri, ekonomik kalkinma kavrami ve buyume modelleri detayli bicimde aciklandiktan sonra, ekonomik buyumenin olculmesi ele alinmistir. Ucuncu bolum, arastirmanin uygulama bolumudur. Burada oncelikle literatur taramasina ve arastirma metodolojisine yer verilmistir. Konu ile iliskili literatur ozeti verildikten sonra model ve veri sunulmustur. Ardindan veri analizine yer verilerek arastirma tamamlanmistir. Arastirma verilerinin analizinde Eviews kullanilmis; son olarak elde edilen sonuclar literatur ile de karsilastirilarak yorumlanmistir.
Consumers’ Willingness-to-pay for Organic and Local Blueberries: A Multi-store BDM Auction Controlling for Purchase Intentions

In this study, we conduct a series of BDM auctions at multiple marketing outlets to elicit consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for organic and local blueberries. We find that consumers’ attitudes and their reported valuation of organic and local production of blueberries vary across different types of marketing outlets. Participants’ purchase intentions are controlled in the auction process to see how participants’ purchase intentions for the auctioned product affect their partial bids (WTP for an additional attribute) as well as full bids (WTP for the auctioned product). The results suggest that purchase intention affects full bids, but not partial bids.
The Analysis of Agent’s Knowledge Based on Game Behavior

3 Fujian Key Lab of the Brain-like Intelligent Systems, Xiamen 361005, China Abstract.The process of game is actually the process of game behavior which is often accompanied by agent's epistemic process. And Knowledge is a key factor of epistemology. In the past, most of the time game theory confuses information with knowledge. This paper, based on game behavior, analyzes agent's knowledge differences from information. It also analyzes how agent reasons by hidden knowledge behind game behavior, as well as what kind of knowledge is involved in the process of reasoning, and what is the origin of the knowledge. This paper divides the agent's knowledge into two parts: common knowledge and private knowledge, which analyze the specific elements that are corresponding to them in games. In the end, it constructs a knowledge model of game agent, furthermore, by this model, the essence of knowledge held by agents in their game would be presented.
Modeling of the Sheet-Molding Process for Poly ( methyl methacrylate )

The sheet-molding process for the production of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) involves an isothermal batch reactor followed by polymerization in a mold (the latter is referred to as a “sheet reactor”). The temperature at the outer walls of the mold varies with time. In addition, due to finite rates of heat transfer in the viscous reaction mass, spatial temperature gradients are present inside the mold. Further, the volume of the reaction mass also decreases with polymerization. These several physicochemical phenomena are incorporated into the model developed for this process. It was found that the monomer conversion attains high values of near-unity in most of the inner region in the mold. This is because of the high temperatures there, since the heat generated due to the exothermicity of the polymerization cannot be removed fast enough. However, the temperature of the mold walls has to be increased in the later stages of polymerization so that the material near the outer edges can also attain high conversions of about 98%. This would give PMMA sheets having excellent mechanical strength. The effects of important operating (decision) variables were studied and it was observed that the heat-transfer resistance in the mold influences the spatial distribution of the temperature, which, in turn, influences the various properties (e.g., monomer conversion, number-average molecular weight, and polydispersity index) of the product significantly. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1951–1971, 2001
Degree of the first integral of a pencil in defined by Lins Neto

Let P4 be the linear family of foliations of degree 4 in P2 introduced by A. Lins Neto, whose set of parameter withfirst integral Ip(P4) is dense and countable. In this work, we will compute explicitly the degree of the rationalfirst integral of the foliations in this linear family, as a function of the parameter.
Frequency over function : raised levels of CD127low/- regulatory T cells in the tumour microenvironment compared with the periphery of head and neck cancer patients

Objective: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to infiltrate the tumour microenvironment of many cancers, including head and neck malignancies, and are thought to contribute to the host's impaired anti-tumour immune response. However, their immunosuppressive function remains poorly understood within the tumour microenvironment and this study aimed to address this.Methods: The frequency and suppressive capacity of two CD4+CD127low/- Treg populations, separated on the basis of different levels of CD25 expression (CD25inter and CD25high), from the tumour/node microenvironment and peripheral circulation of newly-presenting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients (n=19), were assessed using multicolour flow cytometry.Results: The proportion of Tregs (CD4+CD25high/interCD127low/-) in the tumour/node microenvironment was significantly elevated compared with the peripheral circulation (p<0.001) and similar percentages were present in both the primary tumour and metastatic lymph node. The percentage of suppression induced by Tregs isolated from tumour associated nodes on the proliferation of nodal effector T cells was similar to that of peripheral Tregs on peripheral effector T cells. However, when the suppressive activity of both nodal and peripheral Tregs was compared on the same peripheral effectors, peripheral Tregs suppressed proliferation to a greater extent.Conclusion: This work shows that the recruitment and percentages of tumour infiltrating Tregs are key factors in modulating the immune environment of head and neck tumours.
Moving the Implementation Line : A Nursing Home's Path to Success with IT

Les organisations sont confrontees a un besoin permanent de mettre a jour et de moderniser leur infrastructure organisationnelle et technologique afin de maintenir un avantage competitif. Cependant, les objectifs classiques du developpement des SI se sont longtemps limites a la satisfaction d’un certain nombre de besoins stables plutot qu’evolutifs. Cet article repond a ce besoin de developper des systemes evolutifs dans les organisations en perpetuel changement, en identifiant les principaux facteurs conduisant au developpement continu des systemes – le long d’une ligne d’implementation en perpetuel mouvement – au sein de l’organisation. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur l’analyse longitudinale du cas d’une maison de retraite occidentale classique, qui s’est engagee au cours des 12 dernieres annees dans le developpement interne d’un systeme de gestion en constante evolution. Notre analyse montre que quatre facteurs permettent ce changement simultane : (1) l’appreciation interne du changement, (2) l’appreciation externe du changement, (3) une gestion eclairee, et (4) la presence d’employes emancipes. Les resultats suggerent qu’en controlant ces deux derniers facteurs, les managers peuvent contribuer a la motivation des employes sur le long terme et limiter ainsi les reactions negatives aux technologies de l’information. D’un point de vue theorique, il apparait qu’eviter intentionnellement de se focaliser sur l’idee de ligne d’implementation dans l’analyse des donnees fournit un dispositif de recherche constructif. Alors que cette construction semble plausible dans le cadre de certaines etudes du changement technologique dans l’organisation, elle semble requise dans les etudes portant sur l’etude des systemes d’information evolutifs dans les organisations emergentes.
The Study on Method Choice in the Supply of Rural Public Goods

In the new rural development framework, the supply of public goods in rural areas is a huge systematic project, which needs aspects of reform and adjustment. At present, the supply of public goods in rural areas faces many difficulties. It is particularly important to establish an effective public decision-making allocation mechanism, improve the irrational supply structure and adjust the supply of the induced pattern of supply and compulsory. This paper, the entropy point of view, based on minimum entropy principle, through self-organization functions and the external environment of supply system, according to positive entropy flow or negative entropy flow supply system, resulting in both the mandatory supply system and the induced supply system can not effectively prevent the system entropy increase. The most effective way is to make the mandatory supply system and the induced supply system fully integrated, complementary advantages, so as to gradually evaluate the supply efficiency of rural public goods.
Archean cherts derived from chemical, biogenic and clastic sedimentation in a shallow restricted basin: examples from the Gorge Creek Group in the Pilbara Block

The >3·0 Ga chert sequence of the Gorge Creek Group is exposed at Ord Ranges about 50 km east of Port Hedland in the Pilbara Block. The chert sequence examined in this study is 15 m thick and consists of oxide‐rich laminated chert, grey chert (silicified clastic rock), carbonaceous black chert and carbonate‐rich laminated chert. Although the cherts have undergone postdepositional silica enrichment, such as cementation and metasomatic silicification, primary precipitation of silica at the site of deposition is indicated by abundant microstructures (mosaic and spherulitic structures). Other primary to early diagenetic components were carbonates, sulphates (gypsum and anhydrite) and organic matter. Although these mineral associations, on the whole, correspond to those of modern marine evaporites, they are different from modern equivalents with respect to abundant precipitation of amorphous silica and presumed primary precipitation of iron‐carbonate (siderite). This feature is a possible manifestation of peculiar physicochemical conditions in the water mass from which the chemical sediments were precipitated; compared with modern ocean waters, the concentrations of Fe and Si were significantly higher and the pH value might have been lower. These conditions could be obtained by contributions of Fe‐ and Si‐enriched hydrothermal solutions and continental run‐off to the site of deposition.
Scientometrics Today: A Methodological Overview

The paper considers the current state of scientometrics, in methodological context, as a branch of the discipline “science of science”. Discusses its fields of study; the wider thematic scope of scientometrics; the specific research instruments, objects /and indicators, related to them – “input” and “output” ones/, the empirical basis, and explanatory abilities of scientometrics. Some classifications of scientometric methods are also introduced. Further, the methodological peculiarities, limitations, and problems of scientometric research are presented, such as multifactorial dependence, permanent rearrangements of the factors, subjectivity of the measuring results, non-additivity of the empirical data, availability of two types of variables – indicators and latent variables, theoretical importance of the empirical indicators, etc. The interrelations and interactions between scientometrics and other research disciplines /as sociology of science, information sciences, philosophy of science, economics, linguistics, etc./ are also considered in the paper. Some modern tendencies in scientometric studies are also highlighted, too. Concludes that the scientometrics becomes an especially perspective part of the general “science of science”, and a powerful tool of the research and innovation policy.
A Posteriori Error Analysis of hp-FEM for singularly perturbed problems

We consider the approximation of singularly perturbed linear second-order boundary value problems by hp-finite element methods. In particular, we include the case where the associated differential operator may not be coercive. Within this setting we derive an a posteriori error estimate for a natural residual norm. The error bound is robust with respect to the perturbation parameter and fully explicit with respect to both the local mesh size h and the polynomial degree p.
Rehabilitation outcomes following autologous human stem cell transplantation in a chronic complete C4 tetraplegic - the first 12 months: A case report

Autologous Human Stem Cell Transplantation (AHESC) is emerging as one of several promising new cell-based treatments for chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Since chronic SCI is generally deemed irreversible, treatment paradigms for post-intervention rehabilitation after many years of disability are limited, and a description of the impact of such intervention on the patients is hard to find. Here we describe, for the first time, the multi-disciplinary post-operative rehabilitation and outcome of a patient with chronic cervical SCI after autologous human embryonic stem cell transplant. We include the anatomical, physiological, functional and quality of life outcomes. Methods: A 33 year old male, American Spinal cord Injury Association (ASIA) Grade A, C4 chronic SCI patient received glial scar resection and Autologous Human Embryonic Stem Cell (AHESC) transplant, 6 years after injury, and thereafter had intensive interdisciplinary rehabilitation comprising occupational, biokinetic and physiotherapy, for an average of 17 hours per week over the course of 12 months. Outcomes were measured with standardised outcome measures of physiological improvement, increased independence, and a questionnaire was designed to gain understanding of the changes in quality of life and well-being of the patient, from his perspective. Results: The patient progressed from ASIA Grade A to ASIA Grade C, over the first 12 post-operative months. Sensory recovery comprised awareness of deep pressure and light touch in all dermatomes, with accurate localisation to L1. Motor activation was restored to all major muscle groups of the right upper limb, and to a lesser extent in the left upper limb, with some recovery in thoracic, abdominal and spinal muscles. Gains have been made in areas of motor, sensory and vascular function, self-care, wheelchair use and safety, and leisure participation. The patient has found these changes meaningful in terms of quality of life. Conclusion: Regenerative medicine approaches may create rehabilitation potential where none formerly existed, presenting unprecedented challenges to rehabilitation therapists. Our experience demonstrates the value of intensive multi-disciplinary rehabilitation programmes in this setting, and provides a template for functional restoration and retraining after many years of chronic disability. It also emphasises the need to debate the ethical questions surrounding the application of such interventions and highlights the impact that participation in rehabilitation can have on a patient’s perception of quality of life and health status.
Non-Conventional MRI Techniques as an Alternative Role to the Clinical Diagnosis in Alzheimer’s Disease

Improved methods for early diagnosis and non-invasive surrogates for the diagnosis of disease severity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are becoming the new challenge. Dementia can now be accurately determined through clinical evaluation, cognitive screening, basic laboratory evaluation and structural imaging. Magnetic resonance (MRI) techniques are being evaluated as possible surrogate measures to monitor disease progression. The purpose of this work is to correlate the results of combined advanced MR techniques with neuropsychological performance in order to identify a sensible and sensitive imaging approach to quantify neurodegenerative disease progression. One of the most relevant evidences in our study is the degeneration of the fibers of the corpus callosum in the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders in AD patients, as demonstrated by the relationship between altered neuropsychological tests and reduced FA (Fractional Anisotrophy) values of the corpus callosum in such patients. This data is also integrated by the evidence of anatomic reduction of the total volume of the corpus callosum assessed by FreeSurfer, thus supporting the hypothesis that the “brain disconnects” play a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Statistical evaluation of regression consisting in the identification of different numerical coefficients that are multiplied by the thickness of the right fusiform value or by the volume of left inferoparietal region and left middle-temporal region, allows us to obtain the predictive numeric value of the related neuropsychological test. Combination of non-conventional magnetic resonance imaging, including morphometry, spectroscopy, MD (mean diffusivity) and FA evaluation, could be an alternative to clinic in the evaluation of neurodegeneration in AD.
The Rail Freight Tariffs: The Theoretical Basis of the Transition from the Traditional Formation for Agent-based Modeling

The paper studies the concept, the basic methods, tools, and tendencies of behavioral economics (BE) along with the possibility of using its methodological and cognitive resources for making rail cargo rates. Philosophical analysis was held of criteria and limitations of BE in the context of its actual use in forming a new methodological approach to the calculation of competitive rail cargo tariffs in the quasi-liberal economy of Russia. It was shown that current methods of the cargo tariffs calculation in modern conditions of rail transport development in Russia are unworkable in the nearest future.
Why do Local Unemployment Rates in Poland Vary so Much

Unemployment continues to bedevil Poland, albeit with striking sub-national differences, which this paper seeks to explain using random effects error component two-stage estimation for the country's NUTS 4 level powiats. Given the economy's peculiar configuration under communism, with its large private agricultural sector, emphasis is placed on rural-urban differences. While less densely populated areas do suffer higher unemployment rates, the effect is moderated by hidden unemployment in farming. On the other hand, powiats that housed the ex-state farms suffer a negative long-term legacy. Other notable results include an evident positive impact of foreign capital on local labour market fortunes.
Application of Cryo-SIMS to the analysis of polar ice

Abstract The suitability of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for the analysis of polar ice is assessed. A magnetic sector SIMS instrument, modified to permit analysis of cryogenically prepared specimens, was used to analyze a sample of naled ice from in front of midre Lovénbreen, Svalbard. The ion-induced secondary electron imaging capability of the instrument permitted identification of features such as grain boundaries, triple junctions, filaments, pore spaces and cracks. Secondary ion maps were acquired with sub-micron resolution, permitting the characterization of chemical impurities at grain boundaries. Two regions of interest were analyzed and are described in detail. In the first, discrete particles of impurity (possibly precipitates) containing Na, Mg, K and Cl were identified along a grain boundary. Additionally, Mg was found to be present along the full length of the boundary. In the second analysis, impurity containing Na, Mg, K and Cl was found at a triple junction and some evidence for segregation of impurity to grain boundaries was gained. In both regions of analysis, Na, K and Cl were more apparent in grain interiors than Mg, despite the presence of the latter element at the boundaries. Results corroborate previous scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) observations.
Peri-operative pain in patients experiencing bariatric surgery

A review of the literature was performed to identify follow-up studies on pain and bariatric surgery (gastric band, gastric sleeve or R-en-Y gastric bypass) as intervention. The main objective of this study was to find information on the prevalence of chronic pain in patients undergoing any of the mentioned surgical techniques and the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain after bariatric surgery. 16 studies were included for further analysis with over 2000 subjects. 2/3 of the information was on bypass surgery. “Short term” studies with data on pain within 3 months after surgery were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing surgical techniques or analgesia. Pre-operative pain status had not been documented. However, peri-operative pain management was reported in detail. In 8 observational studies, pain data were available exceeding 3 months after surgery (“long term” studies). While pre-operative pain data were reported in the latter studies, in over half the anatomic location of the pain had not been specified. An accurate estimation of the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain after bariatric surgery was not possible based on the available data. The number of comparable studies was low and the anatomic location of the pain had not been specified. Data on pain between 1 week and 6 months after surgery are lacking. This period is important, since it contains the time point after which the measured pain can be defined as chronic. Correspondence to: Neeraj Kumar, MD, MM. Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, ICU and Perioperative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar, Tel: +97444391763; +97455611716, E-mail: nkumar@hamad.qa