Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Microphysical Processes on the Precipitation Spectrum in a Strongly Forced Environment

This study investigates the effects of microphysical processes on the precipitation spectrum in a strongly forced environment using the vector vorticity cloud‐resolving model (VVM). Experiments are performed under imposed advective cooling and moistening with two microphysics parameterizations: the predicted particle properties scheme (P3) and Lin scheme (VVM‐Lin). Even though the domain‐averaged precipitation is similar in the two experiments, P3 exhibits stronger extreme precipitation in the spectrum compared with VVM‐Lin. Changes in convective structures are responsible for such a difference. Using the isentropic analyses, we identify that in P3, stronger convective updrafts take place in the high θei regime, where air parcels rarely reach. This is caused by the reduced melting of rimed ice particles for energic parcels. Through defining convective core clouds, the relation between the convective structure on the isentropic diagram and the extreme precipitation can be identified. The shifts toward extreme intensity in the precipitation spectrum suggest that the microphysical processes have significant impacts on the extreme precipitation by the convective core clouds. The treatment of microphysics has significant impacts on the convective structures and then alter the probability of extreme events under the strongly forced environment.
Controlled Impedance-Admittance-Torque Nonlinear Modeling and Analysis of Modern Power Systems

Modern power systems are continuously transformed into decentralized ones where distributed generation (DG) plays a key role. Almost all the different distributed energy resources (DERs) are connected in geographically dispersed places through controlled power electronic interfaces in a manner that essentially affects the dynamic performance and control of the whole power system. Simultaneously, rotating machines in power production or absorption, dominate the system response and stability. In this new frame, this paper proposes a novel generalized dynamic representation and full scale modeling of a modern power system based on the well-known impedance-admittance (IA) network model for the electricity grid, substantially extended to include in detail both the power converter devices by considering the controlled power electronic dynamics and the electrical machines by inserting their full electromechanical dynamics. This formulation results in a holistic nonlinear dynamic description, defined here as controlled impedance-admittance-torque (CIAT) model of the whole system which features common structural characteristics. The model is deployed in state space, involves all the controlled inputs in DG, namely the duty-ratio signals of each power converter interface, all the other external inputs affecting the system, namely all the known or unknown voltage, current, and torque inputs. As shown in the paper, the proposed CIAT model retains its fundamental properties for any DG and network topology, standard or varying. This enables the compression of the accurate analytic power system dynamic description into a matrix-based generic nonlinear model that can be easily used for analysis studies of such large-scale systems. Taking into account the nonlinear nature of the CIAT matrix-based model and the persistent action of the external inputs, Lyapunov methods deployed on recently established input to state stability (ISS) notions are systematically applied for the system analysis. Hence, the traditionally used small-signal model-based analysis that suffers from the intermittent and continuously changing operation of DERs is completely substituted by the proposed formulation. A modern power system example with different DERs involved is analyzed by this way and is extensively simulated to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Slow versus fast: how speed-induced construal affects perceptions of advertising messages

Abstract Marketing communications often feature objects that move slowly or rapidly, or images appearing in slow or rapid succession. This article provides a report of results of four studies investigating consumer perceptions and construal arising from the pace of commercials, which then affects consumer decision making. Studies 1 and 2 provide empirical evidence showing that TV commercials featuring slow-moving (fast-moving) objects will prompt high level (low-level) construal, and cause consumer preferences for desirability (feasibility) advertising appeals that emphasize product benefits (attributes). Studies 3 and 4 alters the running speed of TV commercials and demonstrate the same results with quality (price) advertising appeals: that is, when TV commercials are run slowly (rapidly), consumers prefer desirability (feasibility) advertising appeals that emphasize quality (price). Theoretical and practical implications for the effects of speed perceptions in the marketplace are discussed.
Análise dialélica de linhagens de milho na safrinha

In Brazil, about 2,495 thousand of hectares were cultivated with maize during the second crop season in 2002. This area was equivalent to 31% of the area employed for maize production during the traditional planting season. The present work was set up in 2002 to evaluate a set of diallel crosses in four environments to verify the combining ability of ten maize lines originated of french hybrids and one synthetic originated of commercial hybrids and the most promising combinations among their hybrids. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Data of grain yield, plant and ear height and number of days to female flowering were assessed. Diallel analysis was performed according to the GRIFFINGs method 2. Significant differences (P<0.05) for grain yield were observed among hybrids, locations and interaction hybrids x locations. In the joint diallel analysis, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed for specific combining ability (SCA) and interactions GCA x locations and SCA x locations, but not for GCA effects. Hybrids LD 82-019 x CP 88-003, LD 92-017 x LD 22-014, EPG-009 x CP 88-003 e CP 88-003 x JS 87-041 from lines with high GCA were selected to maximize grain yield in specific locations.
Regional Recognition and Classification of Active Loess Landslides Using Two-Dimensional Deformation Derived from Sentinel-1 Interferometric Radar Data

Identification and classification of landslides is a preliminary and crucial work for landslide risk assessment and hazard mitigation. The exploitation of surface deformation velocity derived from satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) is a consolidated and suitable procedure for the recognition of active landslides over wide areas. However, the calculated displacement velocity from InSAR is one-dimensional motion along the satellite line of sight (LOS), representing a major hurdle for landslide type and failure mechanism classification. In this paper, different velocity datasets derived from both ascending and descending Sentinel-1 data are employed to analyze the surface ground movement of the Huangshui region (Northwestern China). With global warming, precipitation in the Huangshui region, geologically belonging to the loess basin in the eastern edge of Qing-Tibet Plateau, has been increasing, often triggering a large number of landslides, posing a potential threat to local citizens and natural and anthropic environments. After processing both SAR data geometries, the surface motion was decomposed to obtain the two-dimensional displacements (vertical and horizontal E–W). Thus, a classification criterion of the loess landslide types and failure mode is proposed, according to the analysis of deformation direction, velocities, texture, and topographic characteristics. With the support of high-resolution images acquired by remote sensing and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), 14 translational slides, seven rotational slides, and 10 loess flows were recognized in the study area. The derived results may provide solid support for stakeholders to comprehend the hazard of unstable slopes and to undertake specific precautions for moderate and slow slope movements.
Immunocytochemical localization of progesterone in the mouse adrenocortical adenoma cells (y-1).

Indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques were successful in demonstration of progesterone in the cultured mouse adreno-cortical adenoma cells (Y-l). The immunoreactive progesterone was localized in the cytoplasm, but not in the nuclei, and showed increased staining in the cells stimulated by either adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or dibutyryl adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (dbc AMP). “Round up”cells, which are considered to be the most active form of steroidogenesis, revealed intensive staining.The mode of localization in the cytoplasm of the immunoreactive steroid will be discussed.
How rude is rude: an exploratory study among Australian Millennials, Generation ‘X’ and Baby Boomers mobile phone users

ABSTRACT Research in both Organizational Behavior and Organizational Psychology has found that incivility via mobile phone technology has reached pandemic proportions in our contemporary society with significant negative impacts including poor physical and mental health. Porath and Pearson’s incivility spiral theory posits that the low intensity nature of incivility does not exclude it from becoming a precursors of workplace violence, aggression, harassment and conflict. In fact, incivility has become even more prevalent through the advancement of technology (i.e. mobile phone), increased global interactions and cultural diversity. Despite this, there is limited understanding on the antecedents of mobile phone incivility and whether different generations of Australian mobile users perceived incivility on the phone differently. To address this gap, participants from Generation ‘Y’(Millennials), Generation ‘X’ and Baby Boomers were recruited through snowball sampling and interviewed qualitatively about their lived experiences of mobile phone incivility. Using an Interpretative Phenomenological Approach (IPA), five main themes were identified. Results also indicated that Baby Boomers and Generation ‘X’ tend to be less tolerant of technological incivility than Millennials. This suggests potential intergenerational differences among different generations of Australians, resulting in negative interpersonal interactions.
The Ecological Distribution of Spiders in Non-Forest Maritime Communities at Beaufort, North Carolina

Spiders as a group constitute one of the best indexes for the investigation of community structure, stratification and succession of animals. The great degree of adaptive radiation which the order has undergone has resulted in their filling almost every ecological niche. The abundance of spiders makes quantitative sampling relatively simple and the resulting statistics are of a workable numerical order; yet at the same time the group is not so large that a working taxonomy is beyond the capabilities of a single investigator. Despite these facts, there have been very few ecological studies made of spiders, particularly in the field of synecology. Elliot (1930) studied the ecology of the spiders of a beech-maple forest in southern Indiana. The 99 species he reported were stratified within the community, this stratification being correlated with environmental conditions within the vegetation. He also reported a seasonal succession of species with population peaks occurring in late spring and early fall. Jones (1946), who was primarily concerned with the inter-stratal migrations of various seasons, found a similar stratification of the spider population in her study of the invertebrates of an Illinois woodland. Truman (1942) investigated the ecology of the spider fauna of Presque Island in Lake Erie. He concluded from his study of this small island that "most of the spider species present are rather definitely associated with one or another of the plant associations and their ranges may be expected to change as the plant associations progress". Perhaps the greatest contribution to the synecology of spiders, particularly from the quantitative aspect, has been made by Lowrie (1942 and 1948) through his studies of the xeric dunelands on the southern shore of Lake Michigan. The earlier paper was a general study of the distribution of the species present in the area and the probable limiting environmental factors. Concerning the latter he concluded that low moisture content, high temperature, and wind velocities were most important in restricting the distribution of spiders in that area. In his later paper Lowrie approached the ecology of the spiders of the region from the standpoint of the zonation and succesion of the plant communities extending back from the Lake shore. He found a distinct increase in numbers and densities of species with proximity to the beech-maple climax. He correlated this zonation of the spider population with decrease in evaporation and temperature and increase, in stratification as the communities became more mesophytic with proximity to the climax forest. The most recent ecological study of spiders has been that of Muma & Muma (1949) who investigated the mixed prairie communities in Nebraska by means of quantitative pitfall and litter sampling. They found that the prairie spider populations exhibited not only seasonal but also daily vertical migratory movements. As far as can be determined, however, no ecological
E6, a dominant gene conditioning early flowering and maturity in soybeans

Inheritance was studied in natural variants of the soybean cultivar Parana, developed under photoperiodic conditions ranging from 13 h 31 min day light, at sowing, to 14 h 23 min, 59 days afterwards. Results indicated that early flowering and maturity are controlled by a single dominant gene. Natural mutations that originated cultivars Paranagoiana and SS-1 occurred at the same locus of cultivar Parana. It was not possible to determine if the recessive alleles of these mutant cultivars are different. The designation E6 was proposed for the alleles determining earliness in cultivar Parana, and e6 for the gene determining late flowering and maturity in cultivars Paranagoiana and SS-1, until the individuality of the alleles of Paranagoiana and SS-1 is confirmed.
The mitogenome of freshwater loach Homatula laxiclathra (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) with phylogenetic analysis of Nemacheilidae

Abstract The complete mitogenome can provide valuable genetic information to reconstruct relationships between species. In this study, we sequenced a stone loach, Homatula laxiclathra (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), which is found in the northern region of the Qinling Mountains in China. The size of the H. laxiclathra mitogenome is 16,570 bp, which contains 37 typical mitochondrial genes including 13 protein‐coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and a control region (D‐loop) with a total AT content of 55.8%. This is similar to other Nemacheilidae sequences published in GenBank. Furthermore, a mito‐phylogenomic analysis of 46 Nemacheilidae species places H. laxiclathra in a robust monophyletic Homatula cluster with other Homatula species. Our results contribute toward a better understanding of a true phylogeny of these species based on large‐scale taxonomic samplings as well as to help grasp the evolution of fish mitogenomes.
Predictive Accuracy of a Fusarium Head Blight Epidemic Risk Forecasting System Deployed in Minnesota

Minnesota small grains production sustained an estimated $1.8 billion in crop losses from Fusarium head blight (FHB) between 1993 and 2001. Crop losses continue to increase with another $86 million added during 2005. A forecasting model, designed to predict the risk that FHB epidemics may or may not occur, is deployed statewide. Users of the online system are made aware when local weather conditions promote or reduce the likelihood that a FHB epidemic will occur. The model serves as a decision-making tool prior to fungicide application. During 2004-2005, disease index data were collected from a total of 8 experiment sites and 5 spring wheat cultivars. In 2004, index means were low, ranging from 0.8% to 6.8%. However, the system predicted low and high risks for FHB epidemics. During 2005, index means ranged from 2.6% to 13.9%. Epidemic risk predictions were estimated as low and moderate. The system predicted nonepidemics with 60% and 66% accuracies in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Epidemics were predicted 50% of the time during 2005. Increased predictive accuracy is expected during 2006 as information on spring wheat cultivar resistance levels have been added to the model. Introduction Fusarium head blight (FHB) of small grains [caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch] has been a sporadic production issue in the US since it was reported during the 1890s in Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, Nebraska, Ohio, and Pennsylvania (6). Immediately after the turn of the 20th Century, crop losses caused by FHB were documented in Europe, Japan, and 31 grain-producing states in the US (6). More recently, crops in the upper Midwest have been particularly hard hit. Since the early 1990s, hard red spring wheat and spring barley yield and quality losses have been common in Minnesota. Researchers describe the recent FHB-related crop losses and economic instabilities in the agricultural sector in depth (4). Direct losses are borne primarily by growers, while indirect losses occur when growers spend less money in their local communities and elsewhere (5). Between 1993 and 2001, FHB caused an estimated $1.8 billion in direct and indirect losses in Minnesota (5). During 2005 alone, losses in hard red spring wheat are estimated at $86 million. Moreover, the economic viability of small grains production remains uncertain in an area of the US historically known for producing quality spring
Three-color Cytometry for the Simultaneous Detection of the Cryptosporidium Species Contributing to the Majority of Human Cryptosporidiosis

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite which is the most common non-viral cause of diarrhea worldwide. Currently, there are twenty recognized species of Cryptosporidium and among which, C. parvum and C. hominis are the species primarily infecting humans. FISH utilises fluorescently-labelled complementary DNA oligonucleotide probes that target specific sequences of cellular rRNA for direct identification of microorganisms. This work describes the successful development of such probes for the specific detection of the zoonotic species, C. parvum and the human host-specific species, C. hominis. The specificity of the probes was established by testing them against a range of target and non-target Cryptosporidium species using an optimised FISH assay. Validation of the C. parvum–specific probe and C. hominis-specific probe was carried out by a comparison of FISH with PCR-RFLP analysis of the 18S rRNA gene from Cryptosporidium isolated from human infections. Additionally, the C. parvum-specific probe synthesised with Cy3 dye and the C. hominis-specific probe synthesised with Cy5 dye were used in combination with the Cryptosporidium-specific monoclonal antibody CRY104-FITC, for the development of a 3-colour FISH assay that can allow identification of both C. parvum and C. hominis species simultaneously. This assay was developed and validated by using both epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric technology. Species-level identification by three-color cytometry and PCR-RFLP targeting the 18S rRNA gene was identical. The potential exists for the assay to be implemented into routine immunofluorescence detection methods for Cryptosporidium. Keywords-Cryptosporidium; Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization; Monoclonal Antibodies; Flow Cytometry; Three-color
Rodent trapping in the Saja/Umm Ar-Rimth Protected Area of Saudi Arabia using two different trap types

Abstract Small mammal trapping was carried out in the Saja/Umm Ar-Rimth Protected Area to determine the species composition and to compare standard-length Sherman and commonly available cage traps. Five rodent species were captured from December 2002 to December 2003. The cage traps consistently trapped more rodents than the Sherman traps and the Baluchistan Gerbil, Gerbillus nanus, showed a clear preference for the cage traps. There was no marked difference in the failure rates of the two trap types. Seasonally, the trapping frequencies were not randomly distributed, with higher capture rates for most species during the cool season. Significant differences were recorded in the mean weights of the five rodent species captured, but no significant difference existed between the mean weights of the rodents successfully captured in either trap type. We conclude that both trap types were successful in trapping rodents in the observed weight range, and that species-specific behavioural differences and/or differences in trap design could affect trap efficiency. Consequently it is advisable to use a combination of trap types when studying rodent ecology. It is also strongly recommended that pilot studies be conducted to help identify any potential shortcomings in study design and field procedures.
Diploscapter formicidae sp. n. (Rhabditida: Diploscapteridae), from the ant Prolasius advenus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in New Zealand

Diploscapter formicidae sp. n. was collected from the ant Prolasius advenus and its nests in native beech forests of the South Island, New Zealand. This is a new host record for the nematode genus and the first report of an ant associate from the southern hemisphere. Diploscapter formicidae sp. n. appears to be native to New Zealand. No males were found from collections from 16 nests, in agreement with previously published data on the other members of this genus, suggesting that males are absent or very rare. The adult females have bilateral symmetry of the head, characteristic dorsal and ventral projections of the putative cheilostom with paired hook-like structures or hamuli, expansive membranous lateral lip flaps or laciniae, gymnostom and stegostom with parallel walls, a swollen procorpus, large terminal bulb with a strong valve, paired ovaries with medial vulva, and a short conoid tail with slender pointed or spicate tip. Scanning electron micrographs of the structure of the head confirmed that the lateral laciniae with finger-like tines or filopodia are moveable (alternately covering and exposing the mouth). These lateral lip flaps are located posterior to the stoma, but anterior to the pore-like amphidial openings. The anterior margin of the cheilostom possesses apomorphic lateral bell-shaped projections and the hamuli are broader and less pointed than other species that have been examined. Molecular phylogeny of near full-length small subunit, D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit rRNA gene and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) gene showed that D. formicidae sp. n. is monophyletic with the Diploscapter species and isolates available in GenBank, but is on an independent trajectory supporting separate species status.
Fostering Student-Leadership in a Tanzanian Rural Primary School

Abstract Many rural Tanzanian students face challenges that hinder their academic preparation which can lead to school dropout. Knowing this, a needs assessment in a rural primary school (grades 1-7) identified that high teacher-student ratio, hierarchical structures, and tribalism contributed to poor academic performance. A solution to mitigate these obstacles was found in the promotion of student-leaders who could support teachers and peers. Therefore, a leadership program was developed and implemented for eighteen students (ages 10–13 years) who participated in four workshops across two weeks aiming at enhancing their leadership knowledge and skills through leadership activities and games reflections, transfer, and action planning.