Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of insulin on renal handling of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate in man.

The effects of insulin on the renal handling of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate were studied in man while maintaining the blood glucose concentration at the fasting level by negative feedback servocontrol of a variable glucose infusion. In studies on six water-loaded normal subjects in a steady state of water diuresis, insulin was administered i.v. to raise the plasma insulin concentration to between 98 and 193 muU/ml and infused at a constant rate of 2 mU/kg body weight per min over a total period of 120 min. The blood glucose concentration was not significantly altered, and there was no change in the filtered load of glucose; glomerular filtration rate (CIN) and renal plasma flow (CPAH) were unchanged. Urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) decreased from 401 plus or minus 46 (SEM) to 213 plus or minus 18 mueq/min during insulin administration, the change becoming significant (P smaller than 0.02) within the 30-60 min collection period. Free water clearance (CH2O) increased from 10.6 plus or minus 0.6 to 13 plus or minus 0.5 ml/min (P smaller than 0.025); osmolar clearance decreased and urine flow was unchanged. There was no change in plasma aldosterone concentration, which was low throughout the studies, and a slight reduction was observed in plasma glucagon concentration. Urinary potassium (UKV) and phosphate (UPV) excretion were also both decreased during insulin administration; UKV decreased from 66 plus or minus 9 to 21 plus or minus 1 mueq/min (P smaller than 0.005), and tupv decreased from 504 plus or minus 93 to 230 plus or minus 43 mug/min (P smaller than 0.01). The change in UKV was associated with a significant reduction in plasma potassium concentration. There was also a statistically significant but small reduction in plasma phosphate concentration which was not considered sufficient alone to account for the large reduction in UPV. Urinary calcium excretion (UCaV) increased from 126 plus or minus 24 to 200 plus or minus 17 mug/min (P smaller than 0.01). These studies demonstrate a reduction in UNaV associated with insulin administration that occurs in the absence of changes in the filtered load of glucose, glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, and plasma aldosterone concentration. The effect of insulin on CH2O suggests that insulin's effect on sodium excretion is due to enhancement of sodium reabsorption in the diluting segment of the distal nephron.
The analogy between optical beam shifts and quantum weak measurements

We describe how the notion of optical beam shifts (including the spatial and angular Goos–Hänchen shift and Imbert–Federov shift) can be understood as a classical analogue of a quantum measurement of the polarization state of a paraxial beam by its transverse amplitude distribution. Under this scheme, complex quantum weak values are interpreted as spatial and angular shifts of polarized scalar components of the reflected beam. This connection leads us to predict an extra spatial shift for beams with a radially-varying phase dependance.
Estimating the prevalence of low glomerular filtration rate requires attention to the creatinine assay calibration.

To the Editor: In the May issue of JASN , Clase et al . ([1][1]) report a much higher estimate of the prevalence of low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than recently published in the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) Clinical Practice Guidelines, “
Interactions between EPS-producing Streptococcus thermophilus strains in mixed yoghurt cultures

Mixed cultures of different EPS-producing Streptococcus thermophilus strains in combination with a Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strain with negligible EPS-production were used for yoghurt production. The yoghurt texture was characterised with respect to sensory, rheological and microstructural properties and the EPS-concentrations were determined. The cultures resulted in yoghurts with highly different texture properties, and positive interactions between certain Streptococcus thermophilus strains were observed. The underlying properties of yoghurt texture are multidimensional, but a number of microstructural characteristics were apparent in the yoghurts with the highest mouth thickness, creaminess and viscosity. A strong protein network, not too dense and with medium size pores containing EPS, seems associated with these properties. The presence of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) also appeared to be beneficial as did a combination of EPS types, which were distributed differently in the protein network (in serum pores, respectively in association with protein). Obviously, a certain concentration of EPS must be present to provide for these effects on yoghurt texture, but other factors than concentration per se seem more important.
High mobility orthogonal frequency division multiple access channel estimation using basis expansion model

Owing to the loss of subcarrier orthogonalities in high-speed applications, the use of conventional frequency-domain-based channel estimation in high mobility orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems such as mobile WiMax may give rise to an unacceptable high channel estimation error floor. To alleviate this problem, the authors develop some basis expansion model (BEM)-based estimation schemes for the OFDMA uplink. Specifically, the authors express the time-varying channel as a superposition of a small number of complex exponential basis functions spanning the entire Doppler range, and then formulate least square (LS) and linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) algorithms to estimate the basis coefficients for two different types of pilot patterns. The authors also derive the respective Cramer-Rao lower bounds for these estimators. It has been shown that the time domain BEM using a pilot scheme where pilots are placed over time axis will give better performance under a high Doppler scenario. Lastly, using simulation results, the proposed algorithms have been found to have better estimation accuracy over current frequency domain estimation techniques. This is in addition to the advantage that the proposed algorithms have in general a lower computational complexity.
Spring Phytoplankton Production in the Western Ross Sea

Coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) imagery of the western Ross Sea revealed the Presence of an intense phytoplankton bloom covering >106,000 square kilometers in early December 1978. This bloom developed inside the Ross Sea polynya, within 2 weeks of initial polynya formation in late November. Primary productivity calculated from December imagery (3.9 grams of carbon per square meter per day) was up to four times the values measured during in situ studies in mid-January to February 1979. Inclusion of this early season production yields a spring-to-summer estimate of 141 to 171 grams of carbon per square meter, three to four times the values previously reported for the western Ross Sea.
High performance twin silicon nanowire MOSFET(TSNWFET) on bulk si wafer

Gate-all-around twin silicon nanowire MOSFET (TSNWFET) with 5-nm-radius channels on bulk Si wafer is successfully fabricated to achieve extremely high drive currents of 2.37 mA/mum for n-channel and 1.30 mA/mum for p-channel TSNWFETs with mid-gap TiN metal gate. It also shows good short channel effects immunity down to 30 nm gate length due to GAA structure and nanowire channel. The effect of bottom parasitic transistor in TSNWFET is also investigated.
Abnormal low-density lipoprotein subfraction profile in patients with untreated hypertension.

BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) consists of a heterogeneous group of particles of varying size and electrophoretic mobility. A predominance of small, more mobile particles is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. AIM To investigate the hypothesis that untreated patients with essential hypertension in the absence of vascular disease may exhibit abnormalities of LDL subfractions. SETTING Specialist hypertension clinic. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Following disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the mean (LDL locus) and heterogeneity (LDL spread) of mobility was recorded in 41 patients (mean age 52.6 years, 24 men) presenting with untreated essential hypertension (in the absence of vascular disease or diabetes mellitus) and in 45 healthy controls (age 56.9 years, 22 men) recruited from primary-care lists. RESULTS Although there were no significant differences in total, low- or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, LDL locus was significantly greater in the hypertensive group: mean (95%CI) 36.7 (35.7-37.6) vs. 34.8 (34.1-35.5), p=0.002. LDL locus was significantly elevated even in hypertensives with triglyceride concentrations below the median (<1.25 mmol/l). LDL spread was also greater in the hypertensive group, but not significantly: 5.6 (5.2-6.0) vs. 5.5 (5.3-5.8), p=0.10. DISCUSSION Hypertensive patients have a preponderance of smaller LDL subfractions. This dyslipidaemia is not readily detected by conventional lipid assays.
Tiny Videos: A Large Dataset for Image and Video Frame Categorization

This paper presents a new method for video and image categorization based on a database of over 50,000 videos collected from YouTube and down-sampled to tiny size. The categorization results achieved by tiny videos are compared with the tiny images framework for a variety of recognition tasks. The tiny images dataset consists of 80 million images collected from the Internet. These are the largest labeled research datasets of videos and images available to date. We show that tiny videos are better suited for classifying sports activities and scenery, while tiny images perform better at recognizing objects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that combining the tiny images and tiny videos datasets improves categorization precision in a wider range of categories.
Staphylococcus aureus: Characterisation and Quantitative Growth Description in Milk and Artisanal Raw Milk Cheese Production

© 2012 Medveďova and Valik, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Staphylococcus aureus: Characterisation and Quantitative Growth Description in Milk and Artisanal Raw Milk Cheese Production
Using Logistic Regression to Test for Interaction in the Presence of Zero Cells

Logistic regression models are often used for the analysis of dichotomous response variables. These models are very useful since covariates can be included in the model to account for variability and to determine the effect of covariates on the response variable. The model can also test for interactions between different covariates or explanatory variables. However, problems can occur when testing for interactions if there are frequencies of zero in contingency tables. There are several ways to handle the problem of “zero cells. ” If the zero cells are sampling and not structural zeros, a small value can be added to each zero cell. A sensitivity analysis should be performed to determine the smallest such number to add to the zero cells. Other strategies for handling zero cells include collapsing the categories of the covariates in a sensible way, eliminating a category completely, or modeling ordinal variables as if they are continuous. Examples of testing for interaction between categorical covariates and a treatment group effect when zero cells are present will be presented using data from a clinical trial, where the response variable is eradication status of H.pylori infection (eradicated or not eradicated). A logistic regression model using the SAS£ System procedures CATMOD, LOGISTIC, and GENMOD will be utilized. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION Logistic regression models are appropriate for the analysis of categorical response variables, in particular, dichotomous response variables. These models are used to describe the relationship between the categorical response variable and one or more categorical or continuous explanatory variables, also called covariates or predictor variables. Consider the case of a dichotomous or binary response variable Y and one continuous or quantitative explanatory variable X. Let S(x) be the binomial parameter of the probability of a success when X=x. Then,
Project managers' perception of IS project success factors - a repertory grid investigation

The success of Information Systems (IS) projects is of great relevance in IS research and practice. However, scholars barely agree on a definite set of IS project success factors. In order to gain insights into such success factors, we conducted an empirical qualitative study. We interviewed eleven experienced project managers concerning the factors which have influenced the success of their IS projects. In the data collection, we used the Repertory Grid Technique and extended it by 'Laddering'. Having collected a total of 78 unique factors from the interviews, we applied content analysis to categorize the factors and arrange the emerging 19 categories hierarchically in a causal map via cognitive mapping. We contribute to developing a list of IS project success factors.
Absence of Serotype-Specific Surface Antigen and Altered Teichoic Acid Glycosylation among Epidemic-Associated Strains of Listeria monocytogenes

ABSTRACT Outbreaks of food-borne listeriosis have often involved strains of serotype 4b. Examination of multiple isolates from three different outbreaks revealed that ca. 11 to 29% of each epidemic population consisted of strains which were negative with the serotype-specific monoclonal antibody c74.22, lacked galactose from the teichoic acid of the cell wall, and were resistant to the serotype 4b-specific phage 2671.
Identification of a novel nemaline myopathy‐Causing mutation in the troponin T1 (TNNT1) gene: A case outside of the old order amish

Introduction: Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a congenital neuromuscular disorder often characterized by hypotonia, facial weakness, skeletal muscle weakness, and the presence of rods on muscle biopsy. A rare form of nemaline myopathy known as Amish Nemaline Myopathy has only been seen in a genetically isolated cohort of Old Order Amish patients who may additionally present with tremors in the first 2–3 months of life. Methods: We describe an Hispanic male diagnosed with nemaline myopathy histopathologically and subsequently confirmed by next generation gene sequencing. Results: Direct sequencing revealed that he is homozygous for a pathogenic nonsense variant c.323C>G (p.S108X) in exon 9 of the TNNT1 gene. Conclusions: This report describes a novel pathogenic variant in the TNNT1 gene and represents a nemaline myopathy‐causing variant in the TNNT1 gene outside of the Old Order Amish and Dutch ancestry. Muscle Nerve 51:767–772, 2015
Regional Variation in Expression of Calbindin and Inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate Receptor Type 1 mRNAs in the Cerebellum of the Staggerer Mutant Mouse

The Purkinje cells in the staggerer mutant mouse have various cellular abnormalities, including reduced cell number, ectopia, smaller size and absence of dendritic spines. It is also known that some of these abnormalities exhibit regional variations in the cerebellum. In this paper we have investigated expression in the staggerer Purkinje cells of the calbindin and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor type 1 mRNAs by in situ hybridization. Although the transcription levels of both mRNAs were significantly reduced compared with the wild‐type cells, the reduction among the Purkinje cell populations was not even, varying greatly from region to region. Purkinje cells with different transcription levels were distributed in discrete regions and arranged alternately in the mediolateral direction. Moreover, the cell bodies with higher transcription levels were larger in size and aligned in a monolayer between the granular and molecular layers, whereas those with lower levels were smaller in size, fewer in number and dispersed throughout the granular layer. These findings suggest that there is a distinct mediolateral heterogeneity in the staggerer cerebellum with respect to transcription levels of these Purkinje cell‐specific molecules, which might correlate with some cytological phenotypes.
Effects of Surface-Active Agents on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Yeast.∗

Summary 1. The effects of several surface-active agents on carbohydrate metabolism have been studied. Fermentation, oxygen consumption, and the Pasteur Effect are affected by these agents. 2. With the exception that oxygen consumption is affected differently by various surfactants tested, all 4 agents show qualitative similarities in their effects on carbohydrate metabolism. Benzalkonium chloride showed greatest effect on aerobic CO2 production and the Pasteur Effect. 3. Several hexoses used as substrates showed the effect of benzalkonium ion to be non-specific in its action on metabolism of 3 hexose substrates. 4. Effects of the agents on oxygen consumption and effects of pH were discussed.
The function of 5-HT3 receptors on colonic transit in rats.

The function of serotonin (5-HT)3 receptors on colonic transit was investigated in unanesthetized rats. The colonic transit was accelerated by 5-HT (10 mg/kg, s.c.), 2-methyl-5-HT (30 mg/kg, s.c.), neostigmine (0.03-0.1 mg/kg, s.c.), corticotropin releasing factor (CRF; 1 microgram intracerebroventricular administration) and restraint stress (for 45 minutes). A potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, azasetron (+/-)-N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)-6-chloro- 4-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-8-carboxamide monohydrochloride ; 0.01-10 mg/kg, p.o. inhibited the 5-HT-, CRF- and stress-accelerated colonic transit in a dose-dependent manner. Ondansetron (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and granisetron (1 mg/kg, p.o) also inhibited the stress-accelerated colonic transit, but azasetron was more effective than these two drugs. Atropine methylbromide (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) and tetrodotoxin (0.01 mg/kg, s.c.) inhibited the accelerated colonic transit under stress conditions, but methysergide (10 mg/kg, s.c.), SDZ205-557 (10 mg/kg, s.c.), domperidone (30 mg/kg, p.o.), trimebutine (300 mg/kg, p.o.), did not. Azasetron (10 micrograms) administered intracerebroventricularly did not inhibit the stress-induced acceleration. These results suggest that endogenous 5-HT which is released through stress accelerates the colonic transit via the 5-HT3 receptors and finally a cholinergic mechanism. It is considered that azasetron inhibits colonic transit particularly under stress conditions through the blockade of the peripheral 5-HT3 receptors. Azasetron may improve bowel function in stress-related colonic dysfunction like irritable bowel syndrome.
Testosterone and Libido in Surgically and Naturally Menopausal Women

The assessment and then treatment of a change in libido, or a change in the desire to partake in sexual activity, during the menopausal transition and beyond has been a challenging and elusive area of clinical research. This is partly due to the multidimensional nature of female sexuality, the difficulties of measuring testosterone in women in a reliable and accurate manner, and the complexity of the neurobiology and neurobehavior of female sexual desire. In addition, there is a lack of evidence for diagnostic specificity of low free testosterone levels for the symptom of low libido in women for whom there are no confounding interpersonal or psychological factors; although, in the symptomatic population of surgically or naturally menopausal women, a low level of free testosterone often accompanies a complaint of reduced desire/libido. The randomized clinical trial research on testosterone replacement for naturally and/or surgically menopausal women with sexual dysfunction has been criticized for a high placebo response rate, supraphysiological replacement levels of testosterone, the perception of modest clinical outcome when measuring objective data such as the frequency of sexual intercourse relative to placebo, and the unknown safety of long-term testosterone replacement in the estrogen-replete surgically or naturally menopausal woman. A careful review of current evidence from randomized, controlled trials lends support to the value of the replacement of testosterone in the estrogen-replete menopausal woman for whom libido and desire has declined. The issue of long-term safety remains to be answered.
Reduced markers of HIV persistence and restricted HIV-specific immune responses after early antiretroviral therapy in children

Objective:Understanding the extent to which early antiretroviral therapy (ART) can limit the establishment and persistence of the HIV reservoir is an important step to designing interventions aimed at achieving HIV cure. We measured the markers of HIV persistence and HIV-specific immunity in early treated children. Design:This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled 15 children older than 2 years of age who initiated ART before 6 months of age and had sustained viral suppression. Total and integrated HIV DNA, and 2-LTR circles in CD4+ T cells, HIV antibody response by fourth generation HIV enzyme immunoassay, and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to gag/env peptides by intracellular cytokine staining of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were measured. Results:The median current age was 6.3 years and age at ART initiation was 17 weeks. The median duration of viral suppression was 6 years, and all had HIV RNA less than 50 copies/ml. The median CD4+ T cells was 44%. The median total HIV DNA was 132 copies/106 CD4+ T cells (range 11–1804) and integrated HIV DNA was 17 copies/106 CD4+ T cells (range 0–516), and no one had detectable 2-LTR circles. Nine of the 15 children (60%) had undetectable or extremely low integrated HIV DNA (<20 copies/106 CD4+ T cells). All except one (93%) had undetectable HIV-specific CD4+/CD8+ cell responses and seven (47%) had nonreactive enzyme immunoassay. Conclusion:Early ART resulted in very low levels of markers of HIV persistence and undetectable HIV-specific immune responses in the majority of HIV-infected children who started ART before 6 months of age.
Stereoselective Vascular Effects of the (R)- and (S)-Enantiomers of Propranolol and Atenolol

Summary All β-adrenergic antagonists have an asymmetric carbon atom, and most commercially available β-blockers consist of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers in a fixed 1:1-ratio. The drugs are believed to be contraindicated when peripheral vascular disease exists, presumably due to unopposed adrenergic vasoconstriction. However, little is known about direct vascular effects of β-blockers or of Stereoselective effects on peripheral arteries. Therefore, we investigated the effects on forearm blood flow (FBF) of brachial artery infusions of the (R)- and (S)- enantiomers of propranolol and atenolol (2, 10, and 50 μg/min each) and their inhibitory effects on isoprenaline (Iso)-induced vasodilatation by forearm venous occlusion plethysmography in 12 healthy subjects. Only (R)-propranolol caused an increase in FBF (+ 21%, p < 0.05), whereas (S)-propranolol and (R)- and (S)-atenolol had no direct effect on peripheral arteries. Vasodilatation induced by Iso was abolished by (S)-propranolol and reduced by (R)-propranolol (-56%, p < 0.05) and (5)-atenolol (-68%, p < 0.05), whereas (R)-atenolol had no effect. Our results indicate that the optically pure (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of propranolol and atenolol do not exert direct vasoconstrictive effects. Furthermore, our results confirm that predominantly (S)-enantiomers have β-adre-noceptor blocking effects, but they also show that neither the non-β-blocking (R)-enantiomer of propranolol nor the (S)-enantiomer of the β1-selective agent atenolol is completely devoid of blocking effects on vascular β2-adrenoceptors.