Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Torrance's Future Problem-Solving Instruction: Developing Students' Problem-Solving Ability

The purpose of this research was to develop the problem-solving ability of grade 10 th students by using Torrance’s future problem-solving instruction. The researchers used action research in this study. The target group consisted of fifteen 10 th -grade students of the second semester in the 2019 academic year. Students who had problem-solving ability scores in low criteria showed lower than 70% of the full score. This study's research instruments were four lesson plans in the topic energy, problem-solving ability tests, observation form of problem-solving ability during lesson plans implementation, and students’ interviewing form in problem-solving ability. Data were collected and analyzed by descriptive statistics. The finding showed that the problem-solving ability score of the target group increased in each action cycle. At the end of the fourth cycle, the problem-solving ability score of all students was above 70%. According to the results, Torrance's future problem-solving instructional model can help students improve their problem-solving ability.
The Economic Cost of the Islamic Revolution and War for Iran: Synthetic Counterfactual Evidence

ABSTRACT This study estimates the joint effect of a new political regime and war against Iraq, on Iran’s per capita Gross Domestic Product (‘GDP,’ constant 2010 US$) for the period 1978–1988, during the revolution/war. I use a synthetic control approach, whereby a synthetic Iran is constructed as a weighted average of other Middle East and North Africa (‘MENA’)/Organization of the Petroleum Exporting (‘OPEC’) countries to match the average level of some key per capita GDP correlates over the period 1970–1977 as well as the evolution of the actual Iranian per capita GDP during that period. I find a sizable negative effect of the joint treatment. The average Iranian lost an accumulated sum of approximately US$ 34,660 during 1978–1988 (i.e. the average annual real per capita income loss of US$ 3,150). This loss equals 40% of the real income per capita, which an Iranian could earn in the absence of revolution and war. The confidence sets based on constant, linear, and uniform assumptions of treatment effect show that estimated income loss for Iran is sizeable and statistically significant. The results remain robust to a set of placebo tests.
Corn Stover as Substrate for Biogas Generation and Precursor for Biosilica Production via Anaerobic Digestion

Production of fuels and chemicals from renewable biomass is crucial to sustainability of bio-based economy. In this study, anaerobic digestion of corn stover (CS) was carried out to produce biogas under mesophilic conditions. The study also investigated the potential of corn stover digestate ash as a potential source for biosilica production. A cumulative volume of 930 mL of biogas was produced with methane content of 85.87%. Higher and lower calorific values of biogas were calculated to be 36.30 MJ/m3 and 32.70 MJ/m3, respectively. Calcination of raw CS (RCS) and the digestate (CSD) was carried out at 600 °C for 3 hours. The samples generated, raw corn stover ash (RCSA) and corn stover digestate ash (CSDA) were characterized using X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X‐ray diffractometer (XRD). The XRF results revealed that CSDA biosilica content was 60.49%, which was 34.84% higher than RCSA. There was reduction in most of the metallic impurities in CSDA compared to RCSA. Potassium oxide was drastically reduced from 12.34% to 1.60%, while Al2O3 was reduced from 7.17% to 6.95%. SEM images showed the changes in the surface morphology of RCSA and CSDA, while FTIR spectra identified the changes in the key functional groups present in the samples. The study showed that CS and its digestate could serve as profitable renewable feedstocks for bioenergy production and bio-based chemicals like silica. Keywords: Anaerobic Digestion; Biogas; Biosilica; Corn Stover; Digestate; Calorific Value
Design Text Mining for Anxiety Detection using Machine Learning based-on Social Media Data during COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has a profound impact on all groups, including governments, agencies, and individuals. It can make anxiety have a bad effect. So it is necessary to detect the existence of anxiety from the government to suppress and improve the community's psychology. This research aims to design text mining to detect anxiety during a pandemic by applying machine learning technology. Two methods of machine learning are designed, namely, random forest and xgboost. This design uses a sample of data from You Tube comments with a total of 4862 consisting of 3211 for negative data and 1651 for positive data. Negative data identify anxiety, while positive data identifies hope (not worry). The design of the application of this method was carried out by preliminary testing with three calculations, namely accuracy, precision, and recall. The accuracy of the Random Forest and XGB OOST methods is 83% and 73%. Meanwhile, precision and recall have an inversely proportional value. Random Forest has a precision value greater than 45% compared to xgboost. Whereas Recall, XGBOOST is bigger than ten compared to Random Forest. Random Forest can reference machine learning methods to detect someone's anxiety based on data from social media.
A Triple-Moment Representation of Ice in the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) Microphysics Scheme

In the original Predicted Particle Properties (P3) bulk microphysics scheme, all ice-phase hydrometeors are represented by one or more “free” ice categories, where the physical properties evolve smoothly through changes to the four prognostic variables (per category), and with a two-moment representation of the particle size distribution. As such, the spectral dispersion cannot evolve independently, which thus results in limitations in representation of ice—in particular, hail—due to necessary constraints in the scheme to prevent excessive gravitational size sorting. To overcome this, P3 has been modified to include a three-moment representation of the size distribution of each ice category through the addition of a fifth prognostic variable, the sixth moment of the size distribution. The details of the three-moment ice parameterization in P3 are provided. The behavior of the modified scheme, with the single-ice-category configuration, is illustrated through simulations in a simple 1D kinematic model framework as well as with near large-eddy-resolving (250-m grid spacing) 3D simulations of a hail-producing supercell. It is shown that the three-moment ice configuration controls size sorting in a physically based way and leads to an improved capacity to simulate large, heavily rimed ice (hail), including mean and maximum sizes and reflectivity, and thus an overall improvement in the representation of ice-phase particles in the P3 scheme.
The Kinetics of the Processes of Extracting the Cu (II) and Fe (III) Ions From Aqueous Solutions by the Biosorbents Based on Pea Processing Waste

Effective purification of natural and wastewater from heavy metals is a relevant environmental and national-economic problem. It can be solved by using plant-waste-derived biosorbents in water treatment technologies. They are formed in large quantities by agricultural and food enterprises. Taking into consideration data on the peculiarities of mechanical and thermal effects on the components of plant biomass, the techniques have been substantiated to obtain biosorbents from pea processing waste. It has been shown that the dehydration of the waste, its carbonization, and the crushing of char can produce biosorbents with different sorption properties. The nature of influence exerted by the process parameters of the Cu(II) and Fe(III) ions biosorption from model aqueous solutions on a change in the concentration of the solution, the value, and adsorption uptake has been established. In particular, the effect of the process duration, the type and initial content of metal in the solution, dosage, and a biosorbent production technique was studied. It has been shown that 38 to 98 % of heavy metals can be removed from solutions at their initial concentration between 2 and 20 mg/dm3 and a biosorbent dosage between 1 and 30 g/dm3. It was found that char is more efficient at removing heavy metals. It was also determined that the biosorbents made from pea processing waste are better at removing the Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions than the Fe(III) ions. The generalization of the results of kinetic research is represented in the form of a multifactor regression equation. The equation makes it possible to calculate a change in the concentration of heavy metal in the solution depending on its initial concentration, the duration of the biosorption process, and the dosage of a biosorbent. For the mathematical notation of the experimental adsorption isotherms, values of the coefficients in a Langmuir equation have been determined. The derived equations could make it possible to optimize the technological parameters of the process.
Role of granular activated carbon surface chemistry on the adsorption of organic compounds: 2

The role of granular activated carbon (GAC) surface chemistry on the adsorption of four model dissolved organic material (DOM) isolates and four surface water natural organic material (NOM) samples was investigated by using (1) ten carbons prepared by modifying the surfaces of a coal-based and a wood-based carbon and (2) seven different as-received GACs. Because changes in the pore structure resulting from surface treatment were small, while changes in the surface chemistry were significant, the impact on the DOM and NOM uptake by surface-treated carbons was systematically linked to the changes in the carbon surface chemistry alone. For the surface-treated coal-based carbons, there was (1) no significant capacity difference between acid-washed and heat-treated carbon samples, (2) oxidation of the carbon surface significantly decreased the uptake, and (3) the capacity was partially restored by subsequent heat treatment of the oxidized surfaces. A decreasing uptake with increasing surface acidity was eviden.
Optimization of off‐bottom spat collectors for restoration and production of the European flat oyster (
 
 Ostrea edulis
 
 ) in Dutch coastal waters

1. Efficient spat collection is essential to both the successful restoration and cultivation of the European flat oyster ( Ostrea edulis ). 2. The results of four different experiments investigating larval abundance, and the use of seven different types of suspended spat collectors in seven locations in the SW Netherlands were compared. These different types included Chinese hats, Vexar mesh, PVC tubes, and four types of bivalve shells. 3. Larval abundance, and timing of peaks in abundance for both O. edulis and the non-indigenous Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) varied between locations and years. 4. The most successful spat collectors were sacks of bivalve shells. 5. In general, most spat were observed on collectors deployed 1 – 2 weeks after the peak in larval abundance was detected. 6. Fouling was heavy and may have prevented larval settlement on collectors deployed too early. Suspended sacks of bivalve shells show great promise as O. edulis spat collectors intended for reef restoration purposes but may need further development for cultivation application.
Fresh cut mango fruits : Evaluation of edible coatings

Mango has a great potential as a fresh-cut product. Fresh-cut mangoes deteriorate faster than intact produce. Edible coatings are a common method to extend the fresh-like appearance and quality characteristics of many vegetables and fruits. After disinfecting, mango fruit (cv. Kent) were manually sliced, cut in pieces (2 x 2 cm) and dipped in 40 ppm cold chlorine water (5°C), afterwards in coating solutions, containing 1% Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) + 0,5% citric acid + 0,05% estearic acid + 0,5% ascorbic acid; (ii) solution containing 0,75% chitosan + 3% citric acid; (iii) solution containing 1% Dextrin potato starch + 1% calcium lactate + 0,5% ascorbic acid. Distilled water was used as a control treatment. Fruits were stored at 4°C for up to 9 days. O2 and CO2 concentrations were measured in the package, firmness color and respiratory rate of the pieces were evaluated with or without coating. According to the results obtained in this study, the chitosan treatment shows the best results in relations the others after 9 days of storage at 4°C and could be used to maintain the quality of fresh-cut mangoes without detrimentally affecting their physical-chemical characteristics. (Resume d'auteur)
Relationship Between Orthopedic Surgeon’s Empathy and Inpatient Hospital Experience Scores in a Tertiary Care Academic Institution

Studies have examined the relationship between physician empathy and patient experience, but few have explored it in surgeons. The purpose of this study was to report on orthopedic surgeon empathy in a mutlispecialty practice and explore its association with orthopedic patient experience. Patients completed the consultation and relational empathy (CARE) measure (March 2017-August 2018) and Canadian Patient Experience Survey-Inpatient Care (CPES-IC; March 2017-February 2019) to assess empathy and patient experience, respectively. Consultation and relational empathy measures were correlated to CPES-IC for 3 surgeon-related questions pertaining to respect, listening, and explaining. Surgeon CARE scores (n = 1134) ranged from 42.0 ± 9.1 to 48.6 ± 2.4 with 50.4% of patients rating their surgeon as perfectly empathic. There were no significant differences between surgeons for CPES-IC continuous and topbox scores (n = 834) for respect and correlations between CPES-IC questions. The CARE measure for both continuous and topbox scores were weak to moderate, but none were significant. Empathy was associated with surgeon respect and careful listening, despite lack of significant correlation. Possible future work could use an empathy tool more appropriate for this surgeon population.
Levels and Exposure Risks of Lead, Arsenic and Mercury from Selected Lipstick and Nail Polish Cosmetics Marketed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Presence of Pb, As and Hg in selected lipstick and nail polish cosmetics sold at different shopping malls and retail outlets in Dar es Salaam was determined by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry due to their public health effects. Pb was detected in 100% (n = 25) of lipsticks and 53.3% (n = 15) of nail polishes. Arsenic was detected in 36% of lipsticks and 86.7% of nail polishes, and Hg was detected in 44% of lipsticks and 80% of nail polishes. All metal levels in both cosmetics were below the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) maximum recommended limits. Health-based risks were evaluated using chronic daily intake (CDI), non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) as well as carcinogenic total risk. CDI values in all cosmetics were lower than maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). HQs of all metals in most of the lipsticks and all nail polishes were < 1, indicating little health risks. Both HI and carcinogenic risk were lower, indicating that they are relatively safe and have little potential carcinogenic risk. Determined potential carcinogenic risks were lower, indicating little carcinogenic risk. Awareness of potential effects and continuous monitoring are recommended to raise awareness of consumers and control quality of cosmetics as metals are cumulative toxicants. Keywords: Heavy metal; lipstick; nail polish; Tanzania; cosmetics;
Cost effective saturable inductor for zero voltage switching-zero current switching DC/DC power conditioning converter for fuel cells

Fuel cells produce electricity directly from hydrogen in the form of DC voltage. The fuel cells generators often produce the DC power at relatively low voltage and the voltage depends on the operation conditions; hence, it is necessary to increase and stabilize the output voltage by means of an electronic power converter. The paper deals with a well-known soft switching H bridge DC/DC converter, where the reactive components have a key role; these components must have a minimum impact on the realization complexity: a cost effective realization of the saturable inductor is proposed and. experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, the efficiency improvements and the possible switching frequency increment are discussed on the basis of the experimental results.
Acetylene chemistry : chemistry, biology and material science

SYNTHESIS.Addition of Terminal Acetylides to C=O and C=N Electrophiles.Synthesis of Heterocycles and Carbocycles via Electrophilic Cyclization of Alkynes.Transition Metal Acetylides.ADVANCED MATERIALS-ORIENTED.Semiconducting Poly(arylene ethylene)s.Polyynes via Alkylidene Carbenes and Carbenoids.PROPERTIES AND THEORY.Theoretical Studies on Acetylenic Scaffolds.Macrocycles Based on Phenyl-Acetylene Scaffolding.Carbon-Rich Compounds: Acetylene-Based Carbon Allotropes.Chiral Acetylenic Macromolecules.Shape-Persistent Acetylenic Macrocycles for Ordered Systems.BIOLOGY-ORIENTED.Acetylenosaccharides.
COMPATIBILITY STUDY OF FOUR BINARY COMBINATIONS OF ACTIVE INGREDIENTS FOR DERMAL FILM FORMING SYSTEMS

Adapalene (ADA), levofloxacin (LEV), meloxicam (MEL) and miconazole nitrate (MIC) were selected as potential active ingredients for film systems with dermal or transdermal delivery. This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of four binary mixtures ADA and LEV (M1), ADA and MIC (M2), LEV and MEL (M3), and LEV and MIC (M4) – combinations for new bioadhesive polymeric matrix dermal systems produced by the casting solvent evaporation technique. The Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and molecular modelling (MM) were used to characterise and evaluate the compatibility between the selected active substances. In the FTIR data, M1, M2, and M4 mixtures presented a good compatibility. DSC revealed different chemical interactions as the temperature rose above 160°C, especially for M3 and M4. Through MM technique, interactions were found on the M2 and M3 mixtures. Following the correlation of all obtained results, the best compatibility was found to be on M1 and M4 combinations.
A Performance Analysis of a Hybrid OCDMA-PON Configuration Based on IM/DD Fast-OFDM Technique for Access Network

The purpose of this article is to propose a new configuration based on OCDMA and Fast-OFDM techniques for access network applications. A hybrid intensity modulation with direct detection, fast orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing–code division multiplexing access (IM/DD Fast-OFDM-CDMA) system is analytically and numerically evaluated for an amplifier-free access network. Therefore, system performance is analytically investigated in terms of bit error rate/Q-factor as a function of simultaneous users, fiber length and launched optical power. Firstly, the proposed analytical model includes the overlapping effect among OFDM subcarriers, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and multiple access interference (MAI). Secondly, a simulation setup is performed, allowing four simultaneous users operating at 40 Gb/s in a passive optical network (PON) context. Furthermore, a power budget analysis is made between IM/DD Fast-OFDM-CDMA, all-optical IM/DD OFDM-CDMA (IM/DD AO-OFDM-CDMA) and OCDMA wavelength division multiplexing (OCDMA-WDM) configurations. It is shown that at 40 Gb/s and by using 2D-hybrid coding (2D-HC), the maximum achievable transmission-reach of IM/DD Fast-OFDM-CDMA is 142 km, which is 34 km and 60 km higher than those provided by the IM/DD AO-OFDM-OCDMA and OCDMA-WDM PON configurations, respectively.
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions

In recent years, the frequent adjustment of the government’s economic policies and the uncertainty of foreign economic situations have made the degree of uncertainty of China’s economic policies rise continuously. The increasing degree of policy uncertainty will inevitably affect the investment and financing decisions of micro enterprises. Then, how does economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affect mergers and acquisitions (M&A) behavior? What’s the mechanism? Based on the above questions, this paper uses the data of non-financial listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2008 to 2018 as a sample to explore the relationship between EPU and M&A. The study shows that rising EPU will promote corporate M&A behavior, and this effect is more significant in slow-growth companies. The relationship between EPU and M&A is affected by corporate governance, stock price volatility and financing constraints. Specifically, the company’s M&A size is more sensitive to EPU with higher level of corporate governance, higher level of stock price volatility, and lesser financing constraints. Further research shows that the rise of EPU will significantly promote the improvement of M&A performance in the short-term, but this effect does not exist in the long-term. Various robustness checks do not change the empirical results of this paper.
Modern challenges of dangerous and extraordinary goods transportations

Dangerous goods - goods which, by the nature of their physical characteristics, chemical composition, dimensions, or other specific features and nature (live animals or fish), for some reason endanger human life or health, the environment natural or general order or material goods, including those with features of the principles of humanitarianism. The transport of dangerous and oversize goods is one of the most difficult specialties in the field of goods transport in public transport, in particular in road and rail transport. Such transport is regulated by a number of legal acts that do not apply to companies carrying out tasks related to the transport of loads, the so-called neutral. The United Nations has created a closed TN directory, giving everyone a four-digit "UN number", at the same time dividing them into classes depending on the threat or the predominant threat. The provisions of the ADR agreement relate, inter alia, to the rules (requirements) for TN transport in terms of limiting the possible effects of a potential release of hazardous substances (e.g. as a result of road or rail collisions), as well as, above all, the forms and principles of preventing the possibility of such events. The transport of dangerous goods is a special type of transport and it is subject to specific legal provisions, meeting and observing a number of specific requirements. The safety of this type of transport depends on the proper organization of its transport and the maximum involvement of participants in the entire process. The organization of the transport of hazardous materials requires a comprehensive, comprehensive view of the vehicle, packaging and cargo (means of transport and packaging should be adapted to the transported goods) as well as people involved in the preparation of transport, drivers with appropriate authorizations and training, setting the route, securing this routes in terms of maintaining safety in the event of an emergency. The article offers the author's approaches to the investigation of modern challenges of dangerous and extraordinary goods transportations.