Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the ubiquitin-specific protease UBP41 and of the lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsin-L and cathepsin-B as potential mediators of proapoptotic signalling

Two projects are described within the scope of this thesis. The first project characterizes the ubiquitin-specific protease UBP41 as a protein which upon overexpression causes apoptosis induction in several mammalian cancer cell lines. The second project investigates a possible involvement of the lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsin-L and cathepsin-B in apoptosis pathways induced by distinct death stimuli, in particular by the tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a). Therefore, both projects examine a possible regulation of apoptosis induction by proteases that are part of one of the two major systems of protein degradation. UBP41 as a protease with deubiquitylating activity is expected to play a role in the ubiquitin/proteasome system which is the major proteolytic apparatus for the degradation of cytosolic proteins. Cathepsins, on the other hand, are lysosomal proteases that participate in the breakdown of membrane-associated proteins and of extracellular proteins that are taken up by endocytosis. Both, the ubiquitin/proteasome system as well as lysosomal proteases have been previously implicated in the regulation and mediation of apoptosis, and it therefore appeared particularly attractive to further study the effect of UBP41 and cathepsins on cell death signalling in more detail.
Stimulus response coupling in the carotid body: a role for metabolic signalling

The mammalian carotid body (CB) is the primary sensory organ that responds to a reduction in arterial O\(_2\) tension. Activation of the CB and stimulation of its chemoafferent fibres evokes a series of well characterised cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes that act to restore normal O\(_2\) levels throughout the organism. A role for an elevated CB chemoafferent outflow in the aetiology and progression of a number of cardiorespiratory disease states has been identified, underlying the importance of understanding the signalling mechanisms required to activate the CB in hypoxia. In this thesis evidence is provided indicating that the CB response to hypoxia is a consequence of a reduction in mitochondrial energy metabolism and stimulation of the liver kinase B 1/AMP activated protein kinase signalling cascade. Questions also remain over the potential for other stimuli to acutely stimulate the CB. Observations described in this investigation suggest that the CB is not directly sensitive to glucose deprivation and that it preserves energy status in these conditions by metabolism of stored glycogen. Finally, chemoafferent outflow is, ultimately, dependent upon neurotransmission and small molecule neuromodulation. This thesis demonstrates a previously uncharacterised key functional role for adenosine derived from extracellular catabolism of ATP in mediating chemoafferent activity.
PASIREOTIDE FOR A PATIENT WITH ACROMEGALY AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ON HEMODIALYSIS.

Objective Acromegaly is a rare disease. Medical management with somatostatin analogs and the growth hormone receptor antagonist pegvisomant can normalize insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) levels after failed surgery and decrease mortality and comorbidities. We present a case report of a patient with acromegaly on chronic hemodialysis resistant to first-generation, long-acting somatostatin analogs with remarkable response to pasireotide long-acting release (PAS-LAR). Methods A 66-year-old woman with acromegaly and chronic renal failure on hemodialysis resistant to lanreo-tide autogel (at 120 mg) was treated successfully with PAS-LAR. Results Acromegaly was diagnosed in 1996 and transsphenoidal resection of macroadenoma was performed with normalization of IGF1 levels. Nine years later, recurrence of the tumor led to a second operation. Lanreotide autogel was initiated due to persistently high levels of IGF1, but the patient was resistant to treatment. A positive response was observed with pegvisomant. However, the patient was nonadherent and treatment was discontinued. PAS-LAR was initiated and normalization of IGF1 and growth hormone was achieved. Conclusion This is the first case report of a patient with acromegaly on chronic hemodialysis who was resistant to first-generation, long-acting somatostatin analogs and successfully treated with PAS-LAR.
Comparing Spiritual Health and Perceived Stress in Women with Preeclampsia, affected and Unaffected by Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Background and purpose: Women who develop preeclampsia are prone to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The major role of spiritual health is well understood in health contexts. On the other hand, the effects of stress, anxiety, and depression are known to influence the treatment process in women with preeclampsia experiences. So, this study aimed at comparing spiritual health and perceived stress levels in women with preeclampsia, affected and unaffected by PTSD. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done in 278 multipara women with preeclampsia at 36-40 weeks gestation admitted to public hospitals in Mashhad, Iran 2017. The Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Questionnaire (PPQ), the Post Traumatic Disorder Checklist (PCL), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS 21), and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale were administered. Data were analyzed using SPSS V16 applying independent T-test, Mann Whitney, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: Among the patients 68 (26%) developed postpartum PTSD. Significant relationships were found between the two groups of affected and unaffected by postpartum PTSD in spiritual wellbeing (P= 0.030), depression (P= 0.001), stress (P= 0.000), and anxiety (P=0.000). Conclusion: Low levels of spiritual health and high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in postpartum women are amongst the main causes of developing PTSD in women with history of preeclampsia.
The Role of Connexin 43 in Vascular Cognitive Diseases

Cerebrovascular disease is the most important modern disease affecting human health, subsequently the incidence of vascular dementia increases year by year. However, a significant percentage of patients were not diagnosed and didn't receive standard treatment, which is mostly related to the insufficient understanding of vascular dementia. Cerebral blood vessels play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia, not only for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients, but also for the trophic signaling that links the well-being of neurons and glia to that of cerebrovascular cells. In recent years, more and more evidence has shown that Cx43 and its gap junction channels are the potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative and vascular diseases. This review sums up the related researches of Cx43 and its gap junction channels in recent years about neurovascular unit(NVU) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), puts forward a new prospect in the field of vascular cognitive impairment and provide theoretical basis for more in-depth researches and clinical transformation in the future.
Lois de reponses des volailles de chair a l'apport de phosphore

Le phosphore en exces est un element nefaste pour l'environnement et couteux pour l'alimentation des volailles. Une meta-analyse a ete conduite sur les donnees de 62 publications representant 1271 observations chez les poulets de chair, dindes et canards afin de visualiser les reponses des performances de volaille aux apports de phosphore (P) alimentaire. Pour le GMQ et l'IC des poulets de chair, les concentrations alimentaires optimales obtenues varient de 6 a 7 g de P total par kg d'aliment, pour un rapport Ca/P compris entre 1,4 et 1,6. Des valeurs superieures sont observees chez les dindes. La retention du P par l'animal diminue avec la teneur en P de l'aliment mais augmente avec l'ajout de phytases microbiennes. Cette supplementation qui libere une partie du phosphore phytique, autorise une reduction des apports de phosphore mineral et par consequent reduit le rejet de phosphore. Les apports alimentaires de P et de phytases microbiennes renforcent la mineralisation. La mineralisation osseuse est optimale pour des niveaux d'ingestion moyens de 1 a 21 j de 250 a 300 mg de P par jour. La presente meta-analyse a ete conduite en utilisant la mesure exacte du P total de l'aliment, contrairement a la pratique, justifiee, d'utiliser le niveau de P disponible estime. La prochaine etape sera d'analyser les resultats en fonction du P disponible apres avoir fiabilise son estimation en prenant en compte les effets matieres premieres, phytase et autres (vitamine D, rapport Ca/P.). Enfin, ce travail a souligne que si de nombreuses donnees sont disponibles chez le jeune poulet de chair, elles sont rares chez les dindes et les canards notamment pendant les periodes de finition ou des marges de progres reelles sont envisageables.
Sepsis in Critically Ill Patients – From Molecular to Clinical View

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body’s response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs. It used to be known as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or bacteremia, but the second definition is not suitable, because now the presence of microorganisms in blood is not necessary to diagnose sepsis [1-3]. The most common causes of sepsis are infections located in the abdomen, lungs, urinary tract and central nervous system. Over 50% of cases is caused by Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but also Grampositive bacteria (mainly Staphylococci), viruses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis can contribute to this dangerous state [1-5]. Signs and symptoms include: fever, increased heart rate, tachypnoea and confusion. There may occur other symptoms related to the organ in which infection is taking place. When it comes to critically ill patients, the signs and symptoms may not be so specific. These patients are particularly vulnerable to metabolic acidosis, low blood pressure (which may lead to septic shock), higher cardiac output and dysfunction of the blood coagulation. Sepsis is the most common cause of death in group of patients who have been hospitalized, especially in the intensive care units. Severe sepsis may be the reason of more than 200 000 deaths per year (USA) [2,4].
A STUDY OF COMPLICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCER IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE OF NORTH BIHAR

Long duration of diabetes mellitus leads to pathological changes such as neurological abnormality and peripheral vascular changes in foot which gives rise to ulcer formation in foot.These problems are aggravated by lack of proper health education.Aim-The study was carried out to evaluate patients of diabetic foot ulcer with their clinical profile,,complication and different mode of teatment. A total of 50 patients with diabetic foot ulcer who presented in surgery department of SKMCH Muzaffarpur between February 2015 to June 2017 were included in study.Approval from ethical committee of the institution was taken.Result –Most of the patients were males.Most common age group affected was 51-60 year. Debridement with split skin graft was most commonly performed procedure in24 (48%) patients.Septic shock was most common complication present in 20% cases.Conclusion-Proper health education about diabetes mellitus and its lower limb complication and foot care along with strict contol of blood sugar with surgical intervention hold the key to successful management of diabetic foot ulcer.
Energy Expenditure of Female Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica during Egg Formation

The energy expenditure of female barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) was measured during the period of egg formation using the doubly labelled water (DLW) technique. Mean field metabolic rate (FMR) was 104-112 kJ d⁻¹ (standard deviation [ SD] = 22, n = 12), dependent on assumptions used in the calculations. The energy expenditure of female swallows did not differ significantly between egg formation, incubation, and nestling-rearing periods. Water turnover rate of laying females was 18.4 mL d⁻¹ (SD = 2.0, n = 12). The amount of egg material deposited during energy expenditure measurements was determined for 11 of the birds by feeding them lipophilic dye, which marked the outside of each rapidly developing ovarian follicle. The energy content of egg material deposited in 24 h averaged 4.9 kJ (SD = 2.3, n = 11), which represented 4.5%-4.9% of FMR. Variation in FMR was not correlated with egg deposition. The mean clutch size of swallows for which FMR was measured during egg formation was slightly but significantly smaller (4.3 eggs) than that of undisturbed birds matched for laying date (4.7 eggs). Costs of egg synthesis were small in relation to routine energy requirements during reproduction. Energy shortage during egg formation should not normally constrain reproductive output by swallows.
Analysis of HPV-16 Late Gene Expression

i Acknowlegment . v Abbreviation . vii 1. Chapter 1 Introduction . 11 1.1 Viruses . 11 1.2 Papillomavirus . 12 1.3 HPVs and Cervical cancer. 15 1.4 The cervix . 19 1.5 HPV life cycle . 21 1.6 The HPV genome . 23 1.6. 1 E1 and E2 proteins . 25 1.6. 2 E4 and E5 proteins . 26 1.6. 3 E6 and E7 proteins . 27 1.6. 4 L1 and L2 proteins . 30 1.7 DNA integration . 30 1.8 Regulation of gene expression . 31 1.8. 1 Capping . 32 1.8. 2 Splicing. 33 1.8. 3 Polyadenylation . 36 1.8. 4 Alternative splicing . 38 1.9 Regulation of HPV gene expression . 40 1.10 HPV-16 late gene expression . 43
Alterations in β-Catenin Phosphorylation and Plakoglobin Expression in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Because the cell adhesion molecule epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) is absent in many invasive carcinomas, we transfected the E-cadherin gene into E-cadherin-negative, invasive breast cancer cell lines BT549 and HS578t to investigate the role of E-cadherin in invasive behavior. Although the transfected E-cadherin could mediate calcium-dependent aggregation to E-cadherin-transfected L-cells, morphology and invasiveness of the breast cancer cells were not altered. We investigated the strength of the linkage of the transfected E-cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton by examining the Triton X-100 solubility of the transfected E-cadherin. In BT549 and HS578t cells, a large proportion of the transfected E-cadherin was Triton soluble, whereas in E-cadherin-positive MCF-7 cells, Triton-insoluble E-cadherin was apparent at cell-cell borders. Interaction of E-cadherin with the actin cytoskeleton is thought to be mediated by the E-cadherin-binding proteins alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and plakoglobin. We found normal levels of alpha-catenin and beta-catenin in BT549 and HS578t cells; however, low levels of plakoglobin were expressed in these cells compared to those found in weakly invasive MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin were elevated in E-cadherin-transfected BT549 and HS578t cells compared to MCF-7 cells. We conclude that other factors such as the expression and appropriate posttranslational modification of cadherin-associated proteins must be in place for E-cadherin to be fully functional, i.e., to alter invasiveness. During cancer progression, loss of E-cadherin expression itself or multiple other mechanisms that lead to loss of cell-cell adhesion (mutation, loss of catenin expression, alterations in phosphorylation) may contribute to a more metastatic phenotype.
Physiological Relevance and Therapeutic Value of Micro RNA in Cancer—Role of MicroRNA in Cancer

Post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) using RNA interference plays an important role against the regulation of parasitic genes. Intensive research during the last few decades on technologies using various interfering RNA molecule to ablate the genes has contributed to new paradigm in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It is a promising strategy to inhibit the expression of pathologically relevant genes. PTGS can be mediated either by short or small nuclear RNA (SnRNA) or by micro RNA (miRNA). Among the gene ablation techniques, SnRNA holds superior to the previously demonstrated treatments using antisense oligonucleotides. Expression of miRNA in cancer and their detection by miRNA microarray especially in breast, ovaries, cervix, colon, lung, liver, brain, esophagus, prostate, pancreas, and thyroid cancers have proposed their role in the diagnosis as well as prognosis of cancer treatment. Recently, emerging research in this field adds worth as well as contribution to the development of miRNA based cancer
A comparison of three ECG-derived respiration methods for sleep apnoea detection

This study compared three different methods of estimating ECG-derived respiration (EDR) from full overnight single lead ECG signals. The first EDR method was based on calculating an area enclosed by each QRS complex (EDR-A), the second method was an amplitude demodulation method (EDR-B), and the third method used a novel algorithm to provide fast calculation of principal component analysis (PCA) to estimate the EDR (EDR-P). The ‘Apnea-ECG’ MIT-BIH PhysioNet dataset was used to enable the comparisons. An assessment of the Pearson correlation of each EDR method with selected segments of chest respiratory effort was performed. Following this, a comparative assessment of the performance of each EDR method to automatically detect epochs of sleep apnoea was performed. Identical features were derived from the three EDR signals and processed with automated classifiers developed by the linear-discriminant analysis and the extreme-learning machine algorithms. The pooled average correlation for the EDR-A, EDR-B and EDR-P methods against the chest respiratory effort signal were 0.82, 0.79, 0.73. The classification accuracy for detecting one-minute epochs of sleep apnoea was 84%, 79% and 81% with the LDA classifier. We conclude that the EDR-A method provides best performance of the methods.
Nutrition knowledge and survey among urban college students

Written expression of nutrition knowledge may be an informative indicator to assess the nutrition practices among urban college students. The objective of the “Self‐Assessment” questionnaire survey instrumentation (Adapted Nutrition Action Health Letter, CSPI) is to identify the nutrition habits of urban college students. The questionnaire was distributed among San Francisco City College students enrolled in the Fall 2007, Human Biology class. The survey does not attempt to include all aspects of the student's diet. In addition, the survey does not measure precisely the key nutrients. Each answer rates the students’ nutritional eating habits from a scale +4 (best) to –4 (worst). The average of the total score for 39 questions for male and female are 2.83 and 16.49, respectively. There was no statistical difference in Group 1 between male and female, but the remainder Groups (2–4) show statistical difference (p < 0.05) between both genders. Male had 52%, 31%, 17% and female had 24%, 43%, 31% for Group 2, 3, 4, respectively. BMI was calculated to show no significant different in BMI between male (23.32) and female (22.98), but the pattern of distribution remains normal and show variations between male and female students. The percentage of students with BMI<18.5 between female and male are statistically different, 12% and 2%, respectively. Both male and female students with a BMI > 30 are 6.5%, lower then U.S. general population. Waist circumference measurements were collected, 87 cm (male) 73 cm (female). The survey instrument found college students know how to improve nutrition and physical activity considerably, but there is lots of room to improve.
RECENT UPDATE ON ORAL FILMS: A BENCH TO MARKET POTENTIAL

Oral films are gaining a lot of attention as a substitute approach to the conventional dosage form. Over the past few years, many of the pharmaceutical scientists throughout the world are focusing their research on oral films, trying to see the sights of oral films as a novel drug delivery system. The oral films are convenient to swallow for geriatric and pediatric patients, are self-administrable, used for systemic and local action and rapid release of a drug, which makes it an excellent system of drug delivery. This review article mainly discusses the manufacturing aspects of films and their characterization, applications and the constraints in the development of oral films along with highlights of market potential.
Pre-operative prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy from clinical, hematological and radiological parameters

Background: The aim of study was to formulate a scoring system to predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) pre-operatively; depending on the specific parameters of an individual patient.Methods: We have included 100 patients who underwent LC from July 2010 to December 2012. Conversion to open cholecystectomy in relation with age, sex, attack of acute cholecystitis, fever, abdominal tenderness, serum amylase and LDH level, status of GB and GB wall thickness, number of stone, leukocyte count and CBD diameter were assessed.Results: The most important reason for conversion was adhesions at Calot's triangle (60%), followed by contracted gall bladder (15%). The other reasons of conversion were empyema of the gall bladder (15%), stone at Hartmann's pouch (10%), bleeding during dissection (5%). Conclusions: This study will surely help the surgical fraternity in the future to plan the particular patients for appropriate mode of surgery, pre-operative preparation, patient counselling and most importantly to predict the score for the difficult interval Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
In vitro anticoccidial activity of Thonningia sanguinea extract on Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix sporozoites cells.

Avian coccidiosis is a parasitic disease which causes considerable economic loss in poultry. The emergence of anticoccidial drug resistance enhances the need for development of novel approach and alternative controls strategies such as plants extract. The anticoccidial activity of the aqueous extract of Thonningia sanguinea (AE-THOS) was evaluated on Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix sporozoites cells invasions in vitro. The Madin-Darby-Bovine-Kidney (MDBK) cells invasions rates of E. tenella and E. necatrix sporozoites untreated and treated with AE-THOS were determined at 3, 12 and 24 h postinfection (PI). The results have shown that AE-THOS concentrations above 2.5 mg/mL inhibits significantly (p < 0.05) the cells invasions of sporozoites of both species of E. tenella and E. necatrix. AE-THOS could be use against avian coccidiosis.
Diferentes fontes protéicas de origem vegetal para tilápia do Nilo ( Oreochromis niloticus L.) durante a reversão sexual - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v26i1.1929

Three hundred and sixty Nile tilapia larvae were distributed in 24 12L-aquaria to evaluate different protein vegetal sources. Design was totally randomised with four treatments and six repetitions. Four protein vegetal sources were compared: soy meal (SM), canola meal (CM), sunflower meal (FG) and cotton meal (TM). Uniformity of lots, condition factor and survival were not affected by the different treatments. TM had the worst results in weight and final length. Carcass dry matter of fish fed on FM was superior to SM (p < 0.05). Percentage of crude protein of carcass was highest in treatments CM and SM; the lowest percentage belonged to FM. SM, CM and FM may be used as protein vegetal sources without any impairment in the performance of Nile tilapia larvae.