Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiation hormesis: its historical foundations as a biological hypothesis

This paper represents the first systematic effort to describe the historical foundations of radiation hormesis. Spanning the years from 1898 to the early 1940‘s the paper constructs and assesses the early history of such research and evaluates how advances in related scientific fields affected the course of hormetic related research. The present effort was designed to not only address this gap in current knowledge, but to offer a toxicological basis for how the concept of hormetic dose-response relationships may affect the nature ofthe bioassay and its role in the risk assessment process.
Vorinostat Monotherapy for Solid and Hematologic Malignancies

Vorinostat (Zolinza®), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in October 2006 for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma who have progressive, persistent or recurrent disease on or following two systemic therapies. This review summarizes evidence on the use of vorinostat in solid and hematologic malignancies and collated tolerability data from the vorinostat clinical trial program. Pooled vorinostat clinical trial data from 498 patients with solid or hematologic malignancies show that vorinostat was well tolerated as monotherapy or combination therapy. The most commonly reported drug-related adverse events (AEs) associated with monotherapy (n = 341) were fatigue (61.9%), nausea (55.7%), diarrhea (49.3%), anorexia (48.1%), and vomiting (32.8%), and Grade 3/4 drug-related AEs included fatigue (12.0%), thrombocytopenia (10.6%), dehydration (7.3%), and decreased platelet count (5.3%). The most common drug-related AEs observed with vorinostat in combination therapy (n = 157, most of whom received vorinostat 400 mg qd for 14 days) were nausea (48.4%), diarrhea (40.8%), fatigue (34.4%), vomiting (31.2%), and anorexia (20.4%), with the majority of AEs being Grade 2 or less. In Phase I trials, combinations with vorinostat were generally well tolerated and preliminary evidence of anticancer activity as monotherapy or in combination with other systemic therapies has been observed across a range of malignancies. Ongoing and planned studies will further evaluate the potential of vorinostat in combination therapy, including combinations with radiation, in patients with diverse malignancy types, including non-small-cell lung cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, multiple myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndrome. Histone Deacetylase Inhibition with Vorinostat as a Target in Oncology Advanced or refractory malignancy remains an area of high unmet medical need as patients often relapse and curative therapy is elusive. The mainstay of treatment is generally cytotoxic chemotherapy which can have limited efficacy and is often associated with significant toxicity; there is a need for novel agents that are not only effective Published: 27 July 2009 Journal of Hematology & Oncology 2009, 2:31 doi:10.1186/1756-8722-2-31 Received: 29 May 2009 Accepted: 27 July 2009 This article is available from: http://www.jhoonline. org/content/2/1/31 © 2009 Siegel et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Solving the sales prediction problem with fuzzy evolving methods

This paper presents the solving of the petrol sales volume estimation problem given by the Task Force on Competitions, Fuzzy Systems Technical Committee IEEE Computational Intelligence Society. The solution using eTS, SAFIS and eFuMo method is presented. The results are compared to linear ARX model identified using RLS method. Results using static and prediction model are given. The paper also presents parts of new eFuMo method, which is based on recursive Gustafson-Kessel clustering.
A Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System Applicable to a Stationary System

Solving a short mileage and a long charging time is indispensable in putting electrical vehicles (EVs) on the full-scale market. A dynamic wireless power transfer (WPT) system is one of the effective solutions, because it can feed electric power to moving EVs. This paper proposes a dynamic WPT system consisting of several stationary ground-side (primary) coils and a moving vehicle-side (secondary) coil. This system is characterized by the use of the common vehicle-side coil to both dynamic and stationary WPT situations. Theoretical analysis concludes that the dynamic WPT system resulting from a stationary WPT system is the same in equivalent circuit as the stationary system. The dynamic WPT system employs solenoid coils that are superior to circular coils in terms of misalignment and flux-distribution performance. A downscaled dynamic WPT system rated at 3 kW is designed, constructed, and tested to verify the principles of operation, and the capability of continuous power transfer.
CaM I mRNA is localized to apical dendrites during postnatal development of neurons in the rat brain

In the rat, a single calmodulin (CaM) protein is encoded by three separate genes which produce five different transcripts. The significance of the multiple CaM genes is not known; however, individual CaM transcripts could be targeted to specific intracellular sites. In this report, the cellular distribution of CaM I mRNAs was analyzed in the postnatal rat brain. The 4.0‐kb CaM I transcript was present in neuronal cell bodies and also localized to apical dendritic processes. In cerebral cortical neurons, the 4.0‐kb CaM I mRNA was detected in apical dendrites at postnatal day (PD) 5 to 15. In hippocampal neurons, this CaM message was present in dendritic processes from PD 5 to 20, whereas in Purkinje neurons it was detected in dendrites at PD 15 and 20. The presence of the 4.0‐kb CaM I mRNA in dendrites of the rat brain supports the notion of targeting transcripts derived from the CaM multigene family to discrete intracellular destinations. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systems analysis of RNA trafficking in neural cells

In neural cells, certain RNAs are targeted to dendrites by a specific RNA trafficking pathway, termed the A2 pathway, mediated by the trans‐acting trafficking factor, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2, which binds to an 11 nucleotide cis‐acting trafficking sequence, termed the hnRNP A2 response element (A2RE). RNAs containing A2RE‐like sequences are recognized by hnRNP A2 in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm where they assemble into trafficking intermediates, termed granules, which also contain components of the translation machinery and molecular motors (cytoplasmic dynein and conventional kinesin). RNA granules move along microtubules to the cell periphery where they become localized and where the encoded protein is translated. Intracellular trafficking of RNA molecules by the A2 pathway is mediated by a complex system consisting of five different subsystems, ∼35 different molecules and ∼45 different molecular interactions. Specificity in the A2 pathway is provided by specific interactions of hnRNP A2 with different molecular partners in different subsystems. Polarity of RNA trafficking is controlled by transitions of trafficking intermediates between different subsystems. Comprehensive understanding of the A2 RNA trafficking pathway will require quantitative analysis of concentrations and diffusion constants for each of the different molecules, on rates and off rates for each of the different interactions, relevant conditional operators controlling specific interactions, and interactions of different subsystems. Once the necessary quantitative data are available, mathematical models for the different RNA trafficking subsystems can be developed using computational platforms such as the ‘Virtual Cell’. Here we describe how each of the subsystems in the A2 system functions and how the different subsystems interact to regulate RNA trafficking.
Stock Price Prediction Based on Procedural Neural Networks

We present a spatiotemporal model, namely, procedural neural networks for stock price prediction. Compared with some successful traditional models on simulating stock market, such as BNN (backpropagation neural networks, HMM (hidden Markov model) and SVM (support vector machine)), the procedural neural network model processes both spacial and temporal information synchronously without slide time window, which is typically used in the well-known recurrent neural networks. Two different structures of procedural neural networks are constructed for modeling multidimensional time series problems. Learning algorithms for training the models and sustained improvement of learning are presented and discussed. Experiments on Yahoo stock market of the past decade years are implemented, and simulation results are compared by PNN, BNN, HMM, and SVM.
Are Depressive Symptomatology, Self‐Efficacy, and Perceived Social Support Related to Disability and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Migraine Associated to Medication Overuse? Data From a Cross‐Sectional Study

Chronic migraine with medication overuse (CM‐MO) impairs quality of life (QoL) and causes disability. Psychosocial variables such as depressive symptomatology, self‐efficacy, and social support have been sparingly investigated, and their impact on disability and QoL is unknown.
The impact of workplace supply on productivity in functionally organized layouts

In practice, way of supply of workplaces often affects production process realization. This is particularly true in the majority of small and medium enterprises in nonautomotive sector, where production is functionally organized. Literature review confirms that production processes and their logistics support are organizationally and operationally connected to each other and in most cases even inseparable, performed by the same employees. The latter restricts efforts to determine the impact of supply on overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) and on productivity in a broader sense. Assessed impact of supply on OEE indicator forms an excellent starting point for decision making and planning of investments in production and inbound logistics. Practice shows that investments in production machines prevail over investments in inbound logistics. Why to invest in logistics is constantly recurring question between production managers, especially in nonautomotive sector. Operation and flow process charts are upgraded and used in combination with the equation for OEE indicator to determine the impact of supply (logistics) on Availability and on productivity in a broader sense.
Three‐dimensional architecture of the IgH locus facilitates class switch recombination

Immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR) is responsible for diversification of antibody effector function during an immune response. This region‐specific recombination event, between repetitive switch (S) DNA elements, is unique to B lymphocytes and is induced by activationinduced deaminase (AID). CSR is critically dependent on transcription of noncoding RNAs across S regions. However, mechanistic insight regarding this process has remained unclear. New studies indicate that long‐range intrachromosomal interactions among IgH transcriptional elements organize the formation of the S/S synaptosome, as a prerequisite for CSR. This three‐dimensional chromatin architecture simultaneously brings promoters and enhancers into close proximity to facilitate transcription. Here, we recount how transcription across S DNA promotes accumulation of RNA polymerase II, leading to the introduction of activating chromatin modifications and hyperaccessible chromatin that is amenable to AID activity.
Unsafe at Any House?

Although there has been considerable empirical attention to the problem of dangers posed by certain college party environments, little attention has been given to attendees’ perceptions of possible danger cues in party environments, how such perceptions may be linked to concern for personal safety, or variations in perceptions of personal safety at party environments according to gender or party type (i.e., fraternity vs. nonfraternity). This study uses analyses of survey data to explore these issues. The findings suggest that (a) fraternity parties exhibit traits that may indicate greater danger; (b) some of these traits are linked to attendees’ perceptions of personal safety; (c) men and women draw on different cues in making assessments of personal safety, but women feel no more threatened than men; and (d) the amount of alcohol consumed by other party attendees is not associated with perceptions of personal safety. Implications for theory and campus policy are discussed.
Oral Ibuprofen Versus Paracetamol Plus Codeine for Analgesia After Ambulatory Surgery

he combination of oral codeine and acetamino-phen is often used for postdischarge pain controlafter ambulatory surgery. However, frequentlyreported side effects include sedation, constipation,and nausea (1). Furthermore, drugs containing co-deine may be abused (2) and may result in serious sideeffects when combined with alcohol or benzodiaz-epines. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are anonprescription alternative to these drugs.The aim of this study was to compare ibuprofenwith codeine/acetaminophen for pain control duringthe first 72 h after ambulatory surgery.
The game, the player, the world: looking for a heart of gameness

This paper proposes a definition of games. I describe the classic game model, a list of six features that are necessary and sufficient for something to be a game. The definition shows games to be transmedial: There is no single game medium, but rather a number of game media, each with its own strengths. The computer is simply the latest game medium to emerge. While computer games1 are therefore part of the broader area of games, they have in many cases evolved beyond the classic game model.
Implications of cloning for breed improvement strategies: are traditional methods of animal improvement obsolete?

Can the optimum animal be defined? Will that definition change over time, by location, by market demand? First, assume what may be impossible, that the perfect animal can be defined or that only a limited number of definitions of perfect are needed. Then, can the perfect animal to match a definition be found? Suppose such an animal is found. Then the question to be answered before trying to clone as a method of genetic improvement becomes Is the animal perfect because of phenotype or genotype? In other words, the P = G + E problem exists, which requires traditional methods of genetic evaluation and testing to determine whether genotype ( G ) or random environmental (E) effects or a combination leads to the apparent perfection in the phenotype (P). For most traits, additive genetic variance accounts for 10 to 50% of total variance, a fraction denoted as heritability. With a simple model, the best prediction of genotypic value is to reduce the apparent phenotypic superiority by multiplying by heritability. Cloning the perfect animal also could capture optimum dominance and epistatic genetic effects that are otherwise difficult to select for. For some traits, maternal effects are important. In that case, clones as breeding animals must be perfect for both direct and maternal genotypes, or alternatively terminal and maternal clone lines would need to be developed. The use of clones to increase uniformity can be only partially successful. If heritability is 25%, then the standard deviation among clones would be 87% of that of uncloned animals. Only if heritability is 100% will clone mates have complete uniformity. Fixing the genotype could increase susceptibility to failure if environment changes or if the cloned genotype is susceptible to a new disease or if economic conditions change. Cloning, at best, is another tool for animal improvement that joins the list of previous biotechnological inventions, some of which have become cost-effective, such as artificial insemination, sexing of semen, multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, embryo sexing, and in vitro fertilization. Cloning has a place in that inventory but, in the long-term, the use of cloning will need to be managed to be cost effective for the improvement of quantitative characters.
Inducible Knockdown of MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHASE1 Reveals Roles of Galactolipids in Organelle Differentiation in Arabidopsis Cotyledons1[W][OPEN]

Biosynthesis of the major thylakoid membrane lipids coordinates the differentiation of chloroplasts with peroxisomes and mitochondria during the greening of Arabidopsis cotyledons. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is the major lipid constituent of thylakoid membranes and is essential for chloroplast biogenesis in plants. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), MGDG is predominantly synthesized by inner envelope-localized MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHASE1 (MGD1); its knockout causes albino seedlings. Because of the lethal phenotype of the null MGD1 mutant, functional details of MGDG synthesis at seedling development have remained elusive. In this study, we used an inducible gene-suppression system to investigate the impact of MGDG synthesis on cotyledon development. We created transgenic Arabidopsis lines that express an artificial microRNA targeting MGD1 (amiR-MGD1) under the control of a dexamethasone-inducible promoter. The induction of amiR-MGD1 resulted in up to 75% suppression of MGD1 expression, although the resulting phenotypes related to chloroplast development were diverse, even within a line. The strong MGD1 suppression by continuous dexamethasone treatment caused substantial decreases in galactolipid content in cotyledons, leading to severe defects in the formation of thylakoid membranes and impaired photosynthetic electron transport. Time-course analyses of the MGD1 suppression during seedling germination revealed that MGDG synthesis at the very early germination stage is particularly important for chloroplast biogenesis. The MGD1 suppression down-regulated genes associated with the photorespiratory pathway in peroxisomes and mitochondria as well as those responsible for photosynthesis in chloroplasts and caused high expression of genes for the glyoxylate cycle. MGD1 function may link galactolipid synthesis with the coordinated transcriptional regulation of chloroplasts and other organelles during cotyledon greening.
Order on Command A current of electrons with aligned spins can be used to modify magnetic order and superconductivity in an iron-based superconductor

I n 1996, Luc Berger and John Slonczewski [1] conceived of a way to use an electrical current to reverse the magnetization of a thin metal film. The trick was to apply a current of electrons whose spins were aligned in the same direction: Upon passing through the film, this “spin current” would exert a large enough torque on the film’s magnetization to flip it around. Experimentalists soon demonstrated the predicted switching effect [2], which led, among other things, to racetrack memories—devices that use a spin current to move and position information encoded in tiny magnetic domains [3]. Seokhwan Choi of the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and coworkers have now uncovered a new type of spin-current switching effect, this time in an iron-based superconductor [4]. The researchers show that the current can be used to modify two phenomena—magnetism and superconductivity—that coexist in the material. The effect could, like the one Berger and Slonczewski predicted, lead to new types of devices and experiments.
An analysis on the agility of node entropy in supply chain networks model

Supply chain networks are complex networks characterized by non-linear dynamic systems. After constructing a complex supply chain networks model, this thesis infers its basic rules. It also provides the formula of node entropy and applies it to the analysis of agility. The study is of significance to the research on the complex dynamic evolution of supply chain networks.
Molecular mechanism of staurosporine-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts.

Staurosporine, a microbial alkaloid, is a strong inhibitor of protein kinases. We induced apoptosis in murine osteoblast MC3T3E-1 cells by exposure to the staurosporine. Staurosporine transiently increased the phosphotransferase activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1), which in turn may activate the transcriptional activity of activating protein-1 (AP-1). We then prepared extracts from staurosporine-treated MC3T3E-1 cells and monitored the cleavage of acetyl-YVAD-AMC and acetyl-DEVD-AMC, fluorogenic substrates of caspase-1-like and caspase-3-like proteases, respectively. Staurosporine caused a significant increase in the proteolytic activity of caspase-3-like proteases, but not in the activity of caspase-1-like proteases. Furthermore, staurosporine increased the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor- kappa B (NF- kappa B). These data suggest that staurosporine-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts may occur via activation of JNK1, caspase-3-like proteases, and transcriptional factors including AP-1 and NF- kappa B.
Quantitative Golgi study of the rat cerebellar molecular layer interneurons using principal component analysis

In this study, we applied for the first time a multivariate analysis to describe the anatomy of cerebellar molecular layer interneurons. Forty variables extending over a variety of morphological features (geometrical, topological, and metrical) were obtained from a three‐dimensional reconstruction of 26 rat rapid Golgi‐stained neurons. The subsequent principal component analysis showed that the first principal component was strongly correlated with variables related to the depth of each cell's soma in the molecular layer. The second principal component was strongly correlated with parameters describing axonal morphology. Finally, an analysis of the distribution of these anatomical features suggested that these cells cannot be classified into distinct groups but, instead, represent one continuously varying population. Thus, the classical division of molecular layer neurons into deep basket cells and superficial stellate cells is not supported by our analysis. These results have important implications for the development of the cerebellar cortex as well as for the expected patterns of Purkinje cell activity following activation of the granule cell layer. J. Comp. Neurol. 393:353–373, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perfluoropolyether Lubricant Interactions With Novel Overcoat via Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics

In this paper, we investigated physiochemical properties of new lubricant candidates for head-disk interface through various perfluoropolyether lubricant films on diamond, diamond-like carbon, and graphene overcoat surfaces via large scale coarse-grained bead-spring molecular dynamics stemming from the atomistic theory. Lubricant film conformations were characterized by investigating perpendicular component of molecular conformation, which determines the thickness of monolayer lubricant film. The distribution of functional endgroups and the mobility were analyzed via self-diffusion process. Here, we illustrate the effects of endgroup structure and carbon-surface structure on the film conformation and the mobility by expanding the multiscale simulation methodology and select candidates for future HDI design.