Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contracting for Privacy Precaution (and a Laffer Curve for Crime)

While Internet consumers and retailers have incentives to contract to protect against criminal privacy invasions by third parties, externality and observability concerns may limit contractual precaution mandates. Contracting between consumers and retailers operates, however, in the shadow of government efforts to deter cybercrime—which in turn can influence the equilibrium information-sharing activity levels as well as private precaution efforts taken by consumers and retailers. This article argues that there is a criminal analog to the Laffer curve. Just as citizens’ reaction to taxation policy raises the possibility that, over some range, lower tax rates may produce higher government revenues, citizens’ reaction to penal policies raises the possibility that, over some range, higher penalties may produce more crime. Though victims and thieves may be made better off by a “higher crime–higher penalty” equilibrium, these private benefits must be measured against (among other things) the social costs of additional state effort.
A Evidence Multicopy Dynamic Data Possession in Multi Cloud Computing System

Now a day more and more organizations increasing and are opting for outsource data to remote cloud services provider . the customers can rent the CSPs storage infrastructures to stores and retrieves almost unlimited amount of data by paying fees metered in gigabyte/month. In this paper, proposes a map-based provable multicopy dynamic data possession (MB-PMDDP) scheme that’s has to follows features: 1) its provide an evidences to customer that the CSPs is not going to cheat by storing the copy of data; 2) its support outsourcing of dynamic data and its support block levels operation, such as block modifications, insertion, deletion, and append; and 3) it allows authorized users to seamlessly access the file copies stored by the CSP. It gives a comparative analysis of the proposed MB-PMDDP scheme with a reference model obtained by extends existing provable possessions of dynamics single copies scheme.
Collaborative approach in the study of the reproductive biology of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Perciformes: Serranidae)

Diversos aspectos da biologia reprodutiva da garoupa verdadeira Epinephelus marginatus foram abordados atraves de uma metodologia colaborativa. Ao todo, 193 exemplares da garoupa verdadeira foram obtidas em peixarias colaboradoras no municipio de Sao Francisco do Sul, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os funcionarios das peixarias foram treinados e incentivados a realizar a coleta de todo material biologico necessario para estudos reprodutivos, possibilitando o acesso a um grande numero de visceras que teriam de outra maneira sido dispensadas. Epinephelus marginatus esteve em atividade reprodutiva no inicio do verao, com desova provavel entre novembro e dezembro. Femeas atingiram a maturidade sexual com aproximadamente 460 mm de comprimento total. Machos variaram de 900mm a 1000 mm e femeas de 300 mm a 960 mm. Nao foram observados machos em transicao sexual. A equacao de regressao da relacao entre o comprimento total (CT) (mm) e peso total (PT) (g) foi dada (PT = 4.4 x 10 -5 CT 2. 8 ). Sugestoes sao dadas ainda para o aumento da performance de futuras abordagens colaborativas de pesquisa.
Digestive physiology of steers grazing fertilized and non-fertilized blue grama rangeland.

Eight fSeld trhls [nrly August 19%3 (EAUC83), l8tc August 1983 (LAUCS3), crvly November 1983 (ENOV83), ervly J8nuuy 1981 (KJANSQ), May 1984 (MAY84), l8tc July 19(14 (LJULg4), late August 1981 (LAUGM), htc November 19g4 (LNOV84)J were conducted on blue gr8m8 (Bouteloua gracffis) nngehnd in soutbem r8ngelmd in southern New Mexico to ex8mine rel8tionships among nitrogen @I) fertilization of forclge, st8ge of plant growth, diet bohnierl 8nd chemical compoeition, forge inhke, digest8 kinetics, 8nd run&81 ferment8tion in beef steers. A fertilized p8sture (45 kg N/b8) w8a ev8lurtedduring the ye8r of 8nd ycrv 8fter fertilizer 8ppliation 8nd compared witb 8n 8dj8cent nonfertilixed p8sture. Two esopb8ge818nd 4 rumin8lly crnnulrted steers/prsture were used in 8 split-plot design. Diehry orguric matter percentage ~8s not 8ffected by fertiliz8tion; however, fiber components incrcrwd 8s phnts 8pprorcbed dorm8ncy on botb fertilized 8nd nonfertilixed mngehnd. Dietuy crude protein levels were numerierlly higher in the fertilized p8sture witbin 8lI tri8ls. Fertiliz8tion b8d no consistent effect on nte or extent of in vitro organic m8tter digestibility. Fertilixation increased (p<O.OS) mmhl ammoni8 (NHs) concentrntions in 8lI but one trial 8nd levels were 8deqtute for mrxim8l microbhl protein synthes~, however in tbe nonfertilized pasture, nunin8l NHs levels were potenthlly in8dt qurrte during periods of donnmcy. RumhI pH ~8s numerhlly bigber for steers on tbe fertilized p8sture tb8n for those on tbe unfertilized preture acb sunpling trhl except LNOVS4. Fertiliution b8d little effect (JQO.05) on tot81 volatile f8tty 8cid (VFA) concentntion or mohr proportion of individual acids. Total rumin81 VFA concentmtion WM bigbest in steers during periods of 8ctive pl8nt growtb. Voluot8ry orgmic matter intake wu ustully muffected (p>O.OS) by fertllix8tion except in EJAN 84 when intake was higher (p<O.OS) in tbe fertilixed prsture 8nd LNOVS4 wben int8ke wu higher (p<O.OS) for steers gr8xing tbe not&r& ixed p8sture. Orgrnic autter int8ke by steers 8verclged 21.8 g/kg body weight (BW) 8nd 21.6 g/kg BW l croes the 8 trhh for fertilixed 8nd nonfertilized p8stures, respectively. Inhke in both p8stures declined with 8dvmdng se8son. Particul8te purge r8te (PPR) WM not different between tre8tments (mO.05) during ENOV83, MAYSQ 8nd LNOVSI. However, PPR ~8s f8ster (X0.05) for steers gruing the fatilixed tb8n in the nonfertilized p88ture during the remting 5 sampling periods. Correspondingly, retention time of digest8 in tbe g88trointestin8l hrct ~8s reduced for steers gr8xing the fertilized prsture during these 5 trhls. Kstim8ted grstrointesthl fill ~8s uruffected (mO.05) by tre8tment except during tbe EAUG83 8nd LAUGH trhls when steers gmxing fertilized pasture bad reduced (KO.05) fill compued with steers gr8xing nonfertilized p8sture. Fluid purge rate (FPR) did not differ (p>O.OS) between treatments for any trhls except in LAUG84 when steers in the fertilized p8sture bad a lower (X0.05) FPR tb8n steers in the nonferthed p8sture.
Progress in Paramagnetic Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids are entirely composed of ions as the name implies, and melt below room temperature (RT) or 100 °C. The ionic character means the extraordinary high ion density (i.e., the order of a molarity), and thus results in the negligible vapor pressure (i.e, wide liquid temperature region and negligible flammability) and high ionic conductivity. Such special fascinations attract considerable attention of researchers in many fields, as promising greener alternatives to the volatile molecular solvents for many areas of synthetic, separation, and electrochemical applications (Wasserscheid & Keim, 2000; Dupont et al., 2002; Buzzeo et al., 2004; Armand et al., 2009; Yoshida & Saito, 2010). Although ionic liquids have been known for nearly a century (Walden, 1914; Gabriel & Weiner, 1888), efforts in exploring new and more versatile ionic liquids have only recently been devoted, after the discovery of the first waterand air-stable RT ionic liquids formed with 1-ethyl-3methylimidazolium (C2MI; Scheme 1) cation reported by Wilkes and Zaworotko (Wilkes & Zaworotko, 1992), and Cooper and O’Sullivan (Cooper & O'Sullivan, 1992), in 1992. The majority of existing ionic liquids is composed of organic quaternary cations (e.g., 1,3dialkylimidazolium, N-alkylpyridinium, and tetraalkylphosphonium) and inorganic small anions (e.g., BF4–, PF6–, and AlCl4–), for which monovalent ions are favorable for stabilizing the liquid state because of the depressed interionic Coulomb interactions. In general, cations are responsible for reducing the melting point, and therefore, low-symmetrical hetero cations with well-delocalized charge and/or long alkyl group(s) have been used. On the other hand, the selection of anions can readily tailor the liquid properties and introduce the desired functionalities. For example, the combination with PF6 and (CF3SO2)2N (bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide; Tf2N) anions gives the hydrophobic ionic liquids (Bonhote et al., 1996; Suarez et al., 1998), and CH3COO and EtOSO3 anions stabilize the liquid state even at low temperatures (Wilkes & Zaworotko, 1992; Holbrey et al., 2002; Borra et al., 2007). These properties could find a range of synthetic and separation applications. In relation, HCOO and (MeO)(R)PO2 (R = H, Me, MeO) anions give ionic liquids, which can solubilize cellulose (Fukaya et al., 2006; Fukaya et al., 2008). BF4, Tf2N and (FSO2)2N anions give ionic liquids with a wide electrochemical window, which opens the applicative way for electrolytes of capacitors, lithium ion batteries, field-effect transistors, and electrodeposition (Bonhote et al., 1996; Fuller et al., 1997; Sato et al., 2004; Zein El Abedin et al., 2005; Matsumoto et al., 2006; Ono et al., 2009). Highly conducting ionic liquids formed with N(CN)2, C(CN)3, and B(CN)4 anions have served as electrolytes for dyesensitized solar cells (MacFarlane et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2003; Yoshida et al., 2004; Kawano et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2005; Kuang et al., 2006; Yoshida et al., 2007a; Yoshida et al., 2007b).
The Implementation of TQM in R&D Environments

Research & development has been identified as a key element to achieve competitive advantage, particularly in contexts of change and especially for technology-based companies. Nowadays, organizations are aware that quality, and quality management as a consequence, represents an important strategic stimulus, thus assuming a fundamental role in the business strategies implementation. This article, aiming at outlining the practices that managers believe are critical for achieving quality management in applied research and development, examines the adoption of total quality management within R&D based organizations, and its impact in terms of performance. This is a qualitative research from a multicase study on eleven companies. Data were collected through open interviews, using a semi-structured script, with R&D managers and employees from each company. Our study supports the hypothesis that TQM practices positively impact the performance of an organization. Implications for managers and for academics can be derived from the study.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS - A NATURAL PRODUCT IN INFERTILITY THERAPY

Antioxidant potential of Tribulus terrestris L. herbal preparations was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) di-ammonium salt (ABTS) free radicals, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by ferric thiocyanate method (FTC). In addition, the quantification of total polyphenols and flavonoids was determinate using FolinChiocalteu reagent and AlCl 3, respectively. BHT was used as positive control. The obtained results demonstrated that T. terrestris preparations possess a significant antioxidant activity. IC 50 for DPPH and ABTS activity varied from 2.84 mg mL -1 to 4.56 mg mL -1and from 0.28 mg mL -1 to 0.31 mg mL -1, respectively. All tested samples demonstrated stronger FRAP activity compared to BHT (2.29 µg TE ± 0.04 µg TE) and inhibit lipid peroxidation in linoleic acid system. The amount of total polyphenols ranged from 2.73 % ± 0.007 % to 3.17 % ± 0.008 %, whereas quantity of total flavonoids varied from 0.36 % ± 0.004 % to 0.58 % ± 0.01 %. All tested products demonstrated high antioxidant activity and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Therefore this investigation is useful for clarifying of pharmacological activity of T. terrestris and present new benefit of this plant in infertility therapy.
Forecasting of Cost Escalations in Post Disaster Construction with Special Reference to Tsunami Reconstruction in Sri Lanka

Since 1999, Sri Lanka tends to be in an area prone to natural hazards. In the recent past, the biggest devastation took place on 26th December 2004 when enormous destruction to both life and property was caused by a Tsunami. It was a recorded turning point as awareness was generated on losses and its consequences to the construction industry. In this context it was thought appropriate to initiate this research to find out the effects of natural disasters on construction cost. After a comprehensive literature survey, it was observed that natural disasters have a direct relationship to construction cost increment in addition to increment in construct demand, the fuel price increment and inflation rate. A unit was proposed to quantify the natural disasters as a guide line for establishing the relationship between construction cost increment and natural disasters. The unit named “ND” and 1 ND = 10,000 damaged or destroyed houses. Statistical data analysis reveals that there is a positive and very strong relationship between natural disasters and construction cost increment (coefficient correlation is as high as 0.966). Another very significant issue is that when natural disasters take place in a particular year; the overall housing construction cost in the follow­ing year will be affected. This is because the overall reconstruction process and the time taken to constructing houses is very slow. The construction cost of houses has gone up rapidly during recent past and the trend will keep away the desire of many to own a house. The ad hoc natural disasters have contributed to skyrocketing of the construction cost of house building. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/besl.v9i1-2.4351 Built - Environment - Sri Lanka - Vol. 09 - 10, Issue 01 - 02 : 2011 pp.56-63
Understanding Video Management Planes

While Internet video control and data planes have received much research attention, little is known about the video management plane. In this paper, using data from more than a hundred video publishers spanning two years, we characterize the video management plane and its evolution. The management plane shows significant diversity with respect to video packaging, playback device support, and CDN use, and current trends suggest increasing diversity in some of these dimensions. This diversity adds complexity to management, and we show that the complexity of many management tasks is sub-linearly correlated with the number of hours a publisher's content is viewed. Moreover, today each publisher runs an independent management plane, and this practice can lead to sub-optimal outcomes for syndicated content, such as redundancies in CDN storage and loss of control for content owners over delivery quality.
Consultation With Pediatricians in the Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

In recent years, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become a common pediatric diagnosis. The number of affected children increases with age, most particularly during the years of schooling and academic life, and can cause significant impairment. The nature of this disorder, the challenges of properly diagnosing it, and the involvement of numerous types of health care professionals in the ongoing management of children with ADHD have resulted in a new model of collaboration between pediatricians and psychologists. This may be done in consultation or in a more interdisciplinary fashion as members of an evaluation team. ADHD assessment typically requires numerous professionals to provide information in order to reach an appropriate diagnosis and intervention plan. Therefore, regardless of which specific type of collaboration occurs (interdisciplinary or consultative), improved communication between medical professionals and psychologists is paramount for effective management of children with ADHD.
Sequential Auctions with Ambiguity

Abstract This paper studies sequential auctions in the presence of ambiguity about the distribution of values. Using the multi-self approach to accommodate the possible time inconsistency that arises with dynamic bidding for maxmin bidders, we characterize the unique symmetric and monotone equilibrium in closed form. We show that the equilibrium prices are a supermartingale if the worst-case beliefs reverse hazard rate dominate the true distribution of values, providing an explanation for the well-documented puzzle “declining price anomaly” in sequential auctions. Importantly, the sufficient condition for declining prices allows for dynamic inconsistency. We also propose a non-parametric procedure to identify bidders' values and beliefs from auction data. The model delivers rich testable implications: on the practical side, declining prices imply that bidders' worst-case beliefs first-order stochastically dominate the true distribution of values; on the theoretical side, dynamic inconsistency generates history dependence in bidding strategies and possibly higher revenues for the seller.
Green Nudges: Do They Work? Are They Ethical?

Environmental policies are increasingly informed by behavioral economics insights. ‘Green nudges’ in particular have been suggested as a promising new tool to encourage consumers to act in an environmentally benign way, such as choosing renewable energy sources or saving energy. While there is an emerging literature on the instrumental effectiveness of behavioral policy tools such as these, their ethical assessment has largely been neglected. This paper attempts to fill this gap by, first, providing a structured overview of the most important contributions to the literature on pro-environmental nudges and, second, offering some critical considerations that may help the practitioner come to an ethically informed assessment of nudges.
Preliminary study on Dreamlet based compressive sensing data recovery

Summary We present a data recovery scheme in Dreamlet (Drumbeat-Beamlet, which is a type of physical wavelet) domain based on the concept of compressive sensing. The data are randomly sampled with sparse samples missing 50% of the original data. Data recovery is done by a basis pursuit decomposition method based on l1-norm optimization to search for the most efficient representation (least residual with minimum coefficients). Numerical tests show that Dreamlet representation is more efficient (with less coefficients) and the data recovery process is faster (with fewer iterations) than the curvelet method.
LEADER-FOLLOWING CONSENSUS FOR A CLASS OF LINEAR MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS UNDER SWITCHING NETWORKS

The existing result on the leader-following consensus problem for linear discrete-time multi-agent systems subject to switching networks is limited to undirected networks. In this paper, we further study the same problem for a class of linear multi-agent systems subject to directed switching networks. It is shown that, under certain assumptions, it is possible to solve the problem for directed networks by a distributed state feedback control law. Our approach is illustrated by a case study.
Local food and civic food networks as a real utopias project

For scholars and activists alike, local food is linked to visions of a more equitable, ethical and sustainable agro-food system. Notwithstanding an apparent unity, local food is mobilized for very different aims including environmental sustainability, the revitalization of rural economies, the reconnection of consumers to agriculture and nature and the promotion of land entitlements for marginalized populations. At the same time, local food has become a crucial element in protectionist and neo-ruralist ideologies that support bounded, defensive spatial strategies. These contradictions point to the limited heuristic value of the ‘local food’ concept, particularly when decoupled from an explicit attention to the political and power dimensions of the local. Building upon these considerations, in this article we explicitly focus on the political and transformative dimensions of different local food projects and propose to read local food as a ‘real utopia’ project whose aim is the transformation of the food economy in the direction of sustainability, social emancipation and social justice. Utilizing the framework developed by E.O. Wright, we look at local food as a diagnosis and critique of the present; as the prefiguration of a more sustainable, just and democratic future; and as a set of transformative strategies that aim at changing the system in the desired direction. Our analysis suggests that, differently from the oppositional movements of the Fordist era, the local food movement is characterized by its use of interstitial (“ignore the state”) and symbiotic (“use the state”) strategies. These strategies either seek to establish new economic and social relations at the margins of the neoliberal food economy, or partner with local institutions to consolidate new experiences with food democracy and food justice. By mobilizing non-ruptural strategies in the service of a real utopian project, local food initiatives are opening up new, enlarged spaces for non-capitalist or post-capitalist economies that constitute the basis for social learning and experimentation of a global more sustainable and just food system. A further step ahead could be constituted by the promotion of a reflexive, more democratic, socially empowering system of governance, able to lead the innovative potential of the food movement to its full expression.
Partial Identification in Applied Research: Benefits and Challenges

Advances in the study of partial identification allow applied researchers to learn about parameters of interest without making assumptions needed to guarantee point identification. We discuss the roles that assumptions and data play in partial identification analysis, with the goal of providing information to applied researchers that can help them employ these methods in practice. To this end, we present a sample of econometric models that have been used in a variety of recent applications where parameters of interest are partially identified, highlighting common features and themes across these papers. In addition, in order to help illustrate the combined roles of data and assumptions, we present numerical illustrations for a particular application, the joint determination of wages and labor supply. Finally we discuss the benefits and challenges of using partially identifying models in empirical work and point to possible avenues of future research.
Emerging technologies to achieve oral delivery of GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogs for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gastrointestinal (GI) peptide hormone that stimulates insulin secretion, gene expression and β-cell proliferation, representing a potentially novel and promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of T2DM. DPP-IV-resistant, long-acting GLP-1 analogs have already been approved by FDA as injectable drugs for treating patients with T2DM. Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins would be preferred owing to advantages of lower cost, ease of administration and greater patient adherence. However, oral delivery of proteins can be affected by rapid enzymatic degradation in the GI tract and poor penetration across the intestinal membrane, which may require amounts that exceed practical consideration. Various production strategies have been explored to overcome challenges associated with the oral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of progress made towards the oral delivery of GLP-1 and its analogs in the treatment of T2DM, with special emphasis on the development of plant and food-grade bacterial delivery systems. Recently, genetically engineered plants and food-grade bacteria have been increasingly explored as novel carrier systems for the oral delivery of peptide and protein drugs. These have a largely unexplored potential to serve both as an expression system and as a delivery vehicle for clinically relevant, cost effective therapeutics. As such, they hold great promise for human biopharmaceuticals and novel therapies against various diseases.