Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La méthode LS-STAG avec schémas diamants pour l'approximation de la diffusion : une méthode de type "cut-cell" précise et efficace pour les écoulements incompressibles en géométries 3D complexes

La methode LS-STAG est une methode cartesienne pour le calcul d’ecoulements incompressibles en geometries complexes, qui propose une discretisation precise des equations de Navier-Stokes dans les cut-cells, cellules polyedriques de forme complexe creees par l’intersection du maillage cartesien avec la frontiere du solide immerge. Originalement developpee pour les geometries 2D, son extension aux geometries 3D se heurte au defi pose par le grand nombre de types de cut-cells (108) a considerer. Recemment, la methode LS-STAG a ete etendue aux geometries complexes 3D dont la frontiere est parallele a l’un des axes du repere cartesien, ou sont uniquement presentes les contreparties extrudees des cut-cells 2D. Cette etude a notamment souligne deux points a elucider pour le developpement d’une methode totalement 3D : premierement, le calcul des flux diffusifs par un simple schema a deux points s’est revele insuffisamment precis dans les cut-cells 3D-extrudees du fait de la non orthogonalite. Ensuite, l’implementation de ces flux a la paroi, qui s’effectue en imposant une discretisation distincte pour chaque type de cut-cell extrudee, se revele trop complexe pour etre etendue avec succes aux nombreux types supplementaires de cut-cells 3D, et doit etre simplifiee et rationalisee. Dans cette these, le premier point est resolu en utilisant l’outil des schemas diamants, d’abord etudie en 2D pour l’equation de la chaleur puis les equations de Navier-Stokes dans l’approximation de Boussinesq, puis etendu en 3D. En outre, les schemas diamants ont permis de revisiter integralement la discretisation du tenseur des contraintes des equations de Navier-Stokes, ou disparait le traitement au cas par cas selon la disposition de la frontiere solide dans les cut-cells. Cela a permis d’aboutir a une discretisation systematique, precise et algorithmiquement efficace pour les ecoulements en geometries totalement 3D. La validation numerique de la methode LS-STAG avec schemas diamants est presentee pour une serie de cas tests en geometries complexes 2D et 3D. Sa precision est d’abord evaluee par comparaison avec des solutions analytiques en 2D, puis en 3D par la simulation d’un ecoulement de Stokes entre deux spheres concentriques. La robustesse de la methode est notamment mise en evidence par l’etude d’ecoulements autour d’une sphere en rotation, dans les regimes laminaires (stationnaire et instationnaire), ainsi que pour un regime faiblement turbulent.
Adhesive cell wall-associated glycoprotein of Streptococcus salivarius (K+) is a cell surface fibril

The structure of a cell wall-associated glycoprotein, supposed to be involved in host-related adherence of Streptococcus salivarius (K+) strains, was investigated. The Mr of the two major subclasses of the glycoprotein was estimated to be in the range of 230 000 to 295 000, both in the presence of SDS and under non-denaturating conditions. Circular dichroism spectra indicated an α-helix content of 45%. Electron microscopic observation of rotary shadowed individual molecules showed fibrillar structures with an average length of 870 ± 40 A and a width of 75 ± 6 A. The glycoprotein is presumably identical with a class of long fibrils found on the surface of these cells.
Invertebrate resistance and resilience to intermittency in a desert stream

Invertebrate responses to water loss were investigated during drying, dry and rewetting phases in Sycamore Creek, an intermittent Sonoran Desert stream. Some taxa were resistant to drying because they could tolerate rapidly changing water quality and/or move upstream to avoid stranding. Community shifts occurred at one site when it became isolated from upand downstream reaches; taxa such as beetles, hemipterans, and the snail Physella virgata became dominant. No community changes were detected at a second site which remained connected with upstream reaches by surface flow. Mortality after water loss was severe as few individuals survived longer than 10 days. Low resistance during the dry phase was associated with rapid moisture loss from sediments. Invertebrate persistence in intermittent reaches was due to recolonization after rewetting; however, density increases after floods which reestablished flow at dry sites were lower than reported values for perennial sites in Sycamore Creek. Slower rates of recovery may reflect he composition, reduced size and remoteness of macroinvertebrate colonist pools. Nonetheless, invertebrate persistence in desert streams where both flooding and drying are frequent is due largely to their ability to rapidly recolonize disturbed sites.
The biochemistry of dinoflagellate lipids, with particular reference to the fatty acid and sterol composition of a Karenia brevis bloom

Abstract The harmful marine dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae), frequently forms large toxic blooms in the waters off the west coast of Florida (USA) and is responsible for massive fish kills and public health concerns. Despite decades of field studies on this organism, no investigation has yet characterized the lipid composition of a K. brevis bloom. To address this lack of information, samples from a 1999 K. brevis bloom from the north-west Florida coast were analysed for their fatty acid and sterol composition. Fatty acids found in different lipid fractions containing membrane phospholipids, chloroplast-associated glycolipids or storage triglycerides differed significantly. The glycolipid fraction was found to contain octadecapentaenoic acid [18:5(n-3)], a fatty acid commonly associated with dinoflagellates. The phospholipid fraction was found to contain small amounts of two recently described, highly unsaturated fatty acids, octacosaoctaenoic acid [28:8(n-3)] and octacosaheptaenoic acid [28:7(n-6)]. Fatty acids from the triglyceride fraction were more abundant than those associated with glycolipids or phospholipids. Sterols were found mainly as free sterols and were dominated by two compounds, (24S)-4α-methyl-5α-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-3β-ol and its 27-nor derivative. The lipid composition of these samples very closely resembles laboratory-grown cultures of K. brevis and serves to provide an in situ field validation of past laboratory examinations of this organism. The implications of our data are discussed in the context of the physiological autecology of K. brevis, in the form of a mini review on the biochemistry of dinoflagellate lipids, as studied in both the laboratory and the environment.
PHISHING: ARE UNDERGRADUATES AT RISK AND PREPARED?

The extraordinary losses as a result of new and recent phishing attacks is disconcerting and troubling in the business community. Because business students will become the future targets of business phishing attacks, this study was undertaken to examine the trends relative to student phishing. Results demonstrate that currently only about one-fifth of students receive phishing email and that during the five-year study period, both the percentage of students receiving phishing email and volume of phishing email have decreased. Moreover, in terms of behavior, few students respond to phishing email or have been a victim of identity theft. Overall, although there is room of educational improvement, students are likely prepared to face the phishing battle upon entrance into the working world. Results also suggest that the technological and instructional solutions utilized in academia may provide similar benefits for businesses in fighting the war against phishing.
Paralytic shellfish poisons from Australian cyanobacterial blooms

Saxitoxin-group neurotoxins (paralytic shellfish poisons) have been identified in a cultured strain of Anabaena circinalis and in natural bloom samples in which this species was the dominant organism collected from widely distributed sites in the Murray-Darling Basin of Australia. These toxins have hitherto been isolated almost exclusively from 'red tide' dinoflagellates and contaminated shellfish. Two 'aphantoxins', which appear to be identical to two of the paralytic shellfish poisons, have been identified in a cyanobacterium from a small number of sites in New Hampshire, USA. The conclusions are supported by electrophysiological studies and by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometric (FAB-MS) analyses.
A gateway to chloroplasts - protein translocation and beyond

Summary The biogenesis of chloroplasts requires the coordinated interplay with the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The majority of chloroplast proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and must be faithfully and efficiently delivered to the organelle upon completion of translation in the cytosol. This high-fidelity targeting is accomplished by specific chloroplast targeting signal peptides. Several cytoplasmic factors recognise, modify, and bind this targeting sequence, and deliver the preproteins to the chloroplast translocation machinery. The multisubunit translocation complex at the outer envelope contains receptor proteins, a translocation channel, and accessory subunits. Complete import into the stroma utilizes both outer and inner envelope translocons and molecular chaperones in the intermembrane space and in the stroma. The entire import process appears to be regulated by phosphorylation, nucleotide binding, and hydrolysis. Recent evidence indicates that several subunits of the chloroplast import machinery may have evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors.
Adaptation of Microorganisms to Cold Temperatures, Weak Acid Preservatives, Low pH, and Osmotic Stress: A Review.

The application of physical stress to microorganisms is the most widely used method to induce cell inactivation and promote food stability. To survive, microorganisms have evolved both physiological and genetic mechanisms to tolerate some extreme physical conditions. This is clearly of significance to the food industry in relation to survival of pathogens or spoilage organisms in food. In some microorganisms, the “cold shock response” has been observed in response to abrupt changes to lower temperatures. This results in the production of specific sets of proteins (cold shock proteins), the continued synthesis of proteins involved in transcription and translation, and the repression of heat shock proteins. The addition of weak acid preservatives (for example, sorbates, benzoates) also induces a specific pattern of gene expression (for example, ‘Acid Tolerance Response’), which is likely to be required for optimal adaptation of bacteria to weak acid preservatives and low pH. The primary mode of the antimicrobial action of low pH is to reduce the internal cell pH (pHi) below the normal physiological range tolerated by the cell, leading to growth inhibition. Survival mechanisms involve maintaining pH homeostasis, and this is achieved by a combination of passive and active mechanisms. Microorganisms adapt to osmotic stress by accumulating non-ionic or compatible solutes such as trehalose, glycerol, sucrose, and mannitol. These compatible solutes help balance the osmotic pressure and help preserve protein function inside the cells. By understanding and controlling such mechanisms of adaptation, it may be possible to prevent growth of key microorganisms in food products.
The structure and function of the epididymis. 2. The histogenesis of the rat epididymis.

Observations were made on the epididymides of young white rats of the following ages: 3, 21, 28, 32, 37, 39, 56, 72, 96, 110 days. Both efferent ducts and epididymal duct are undifferentiated at 21 days with a similar cuboidal epithelium. The connective tissue coat of the efferent ducts is one cell thick whereas that of the epididymal duct is two or three cells thick. The possible involvement of the connective tissue in the process of histogenesis is discussed. Differentiation within the epididymal duct commences at 28 days when the epithelium in the cephalic portion is tall and that in the caudal portion of the head and remainder of the tail is tall with isolated segments of low columnar epithelium. The latter epithelium is associated with a wider lumen which evidently becomes continuous down the duct. In the efferent ducts at this stage ciliated cells have appeared. Differentiation of the cephalic portion of the head is completed rapidly by the 37th day but that of the caudal portion of the head and tail of the organ is completed only at the 96th day. In certain zones, histodifferentiation is accompanied by obvious nuclear differentiation. Spermatozoa first appear in the testis at 56 days but do not enter and fill the epididymal ducts until 72 days. There is evidence of an outflow of fluid from the testis which carries spermatocytes and spermatids into the duct at 32 days. The changes in the epithelium of the efferent duct, the epididymis, and the deferent duct from the 3rd to the 110th day are tabulated.
Interactions of alpha-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin with beta-lactoglobulin in thermally induced gelation

The interactions of α-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with β-lactoglobulin in mixed-protein gel systems were investigated by dynamic oscillation rheology and aggregation rates. BSA and α-lactalbumin were found to contribute to the storage modulus (G') of mixed-protein gels made primarily with β-lactoglobulin. Gels made with β-lactoglobulin alone, or combinations of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin, had similar transitions and ultimate values for G'
Ultrasonic and high-temperature pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of lignocellulosic sweet sorghum to bio-ethanol

This study investigated the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to hexose and pentose sugars through ultrasonic and hot water pretreatment, followed by hydrolysis with a mixture of enzymes and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae to bio-ethanol. Lignin concentration decreased by 52%, cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations increased by 49% and 25%, respectively, after the ultrasonic plus hot water pretreatment. Cellulose conversion to glucose was the highest when Accellerase 1500 + XC enzyme was used (89%), followed by Accellerase 1500 + BG (84%), Accellerase 1500 + XY (83%) and Accellerase 1500 (82%). Hemicellulose conversion to xylose and arabinose was the highest when Accellerase 1500 + XC enzyme was used (48%), followed by Accellerase 1500 + XY (40%). Optimum yield of bioconversion of the cellulose was 3.2–4.2 g ethanol/100 g of sweet sorghum biomass and ethanol concentration was 8–10 g/L based on cellulose conversions. The results in this study can be used to optimise processing conditions for bioethanol production from lignocellulose.
Assessment of an indirect technique to predict hay and silage storage dry matter losses through Monte Carlo simulation

Abstract. Control of dry matter losses (DML) is a major concern of forage conservation systems. Measuring DML during hay and silage storage is difficult and time-consuming, so it is usually limited to experimental conditions. The lack of a practical way of measuring DML to monitor forage conservation efficiency has contributed to the poor adoption of good practices. The availability of a practical, easy, and economic technique capable of estimating on-farm DML would facilitate advisory and extension work. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy and precision of an indirect technique based on compositional changes to estimate storage DML for silages and hays. Data were generated through a Monte Carlo simulation developed to test the effects of type of data distribution (normal or log-normal), variability (5 and 10% coefficient of variation), and sample size (1000, 30, 20, and 10). Results indicated that potential markers (acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin were explored) had log-normal distribution and that a coefficient of variation of ∼10% was reasonable. Summary statistic analysis showed that means and medians were coherent for different sample sizes. It was concluded that changes in marker concentrations could lead to a reasonably robust system of predicting DML during hay or silage storage.
Simulation of Growth Curves from Periodic Increment Data

Alexander, M. E. 1982. Calculating and interpreting forest fire intensities. Canadian Journal of Botany 60:349-357. Byram, G. M. 1959. Combustion of forest fuels. Pages 6189 in K. P. Davis, editor. Forest fire: control and use. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, USA. Cave, G H. , III. 1982. Ecological effects of fire in the upper Sonoran Desert. Thesis. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA. McLaughlin, S. P., and J. E. Bowers. 1982. Effects of wildfire on a Sonoran desert community. Ecology 63:246-248. O'Leary, J. F. , and R. A. Minnich. 1981. Postfire recovery of creosote bush scrub vegetation in the western Colorado desert. Madrono 28:61-66. Rogers, G. F. , and J. Steele. 1980. Sonoran desert fire ecol? ogy. Pages 15-16 in M. A. Stokes and J. H. Dieterich, technical coordinators. Proceedings ofthe fire history workshop. United States Forest S rvice General T chnical Re? port RM-81. Shreve, F. 1964. Vegetation ofthe Sonoran Desert. Pages 1-186 in F. Shreve and I. L. Wiggins, editors. Vegetation and flora ofthe Sonoran Desert. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, USA. Steenbergh, W. F, and C. H. Lowe. 1977. Ecology of the saguaro: II, reproduction, germination, establishment, growth, and survival ofthe young plant. United States Na? tional Park Service Scientific Monograph Series 8. Steenbergh, W. F. , and C. H. Lowe. 1983. Ecology ofthe saguaro: III, growth and demography. United States Na? tional Park Service Scientific Monograph Series 17. Wright, H. A. 1980. The role and use of fire in the semidesert grass-shrub type. United States Forest Service General Technical Report INT-85. Zedler, P. H. , C. R. Gautier, and G. S. McMaster. 1983. Vegetation change in response to extreme events: the effect of a short interval between fires in California chaparral and coastal shrub. Ecology 64: 809-818.
SPOROMORPHS IN THE LONDON CLAY

Fossil material for palynological research, i.e. several samples of clays, was obtained in January 1954 from Mr. N. W. Edwards, Keeper of Geology of the British Museum. The samples of clays turned out to be intensely sandy; they were 'barren' as far as content of plant microfossils is concerned. The method of prolonged maceration (I8 months in 40% HF) was applied. After i8 months the macerated clays produced pollen material sufficiently abundant to be fit for microscopic pollen analysis.
Subclinical selenium insufficiency. 6. Thermoregulatory ability of perinatal lambs born to ewes supplemented with selenium and iodine

The ability to resist cold stress was evaluated in 70 perinatal Merino lambs using a partial immersion technique. Their dams grazed pastures low in selenium (Se) and received sodium selenate supplements every 14 days (0-8 mg Se). Half of the ewes also received 100 mg potassium iodide every 14 days from the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. Selenium supplementation of the dam increased blood and plasma Se concentrations in the lamb and reduced thyroxine (T4) and increased tri-iodothyronine (T3) concentrations in plasma. The T4 to T3 ratio declined from 39 to 21 as the Se supplement was increased. These relationships were asymptotic. Selenium status did not affect the time taken for rectal temperature to fall to 35¦C when the lambs were immersed in a water bath of progressively declining temperature, or to rewarm when removed from the water. Lambs born to ewes supplemented with iodide tended to have higher mean rectal temperatures during cold stress but this trend, and most selenium x iodine interactions, were not significant.
The impact of nitrite on aerobic growth of Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222

The effect of nitrite stress induced in Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 was examined using additions of sodium nitrite to an aerobic bacterial culture. Nitrite generates a strong stress response in P. denitrificans, causing growth inhibition. This is dependent on both the concentration of nitrite present and the pH. The pH dependent effect of nitrite growth inhibition is likely a result of nitrite and free nitrous acid (FNA; pKa = 3.16) and subsequent reactive nitrogen oxides, generated from the intracellular passage of FNA into P. denitrificans. A flavohemoglobin (fhb; Pd1689) and its associated NsrR family, transcriptional regulator (Pd1690), were transcribed above a ≥2 fold expression filter (p ≤ 0.05) at 95% significance in qRT-PCR and a type II microarray transcriptional analysis at 12.5 mM nitrite in batch culture. Additionally, >25 fold expression of the flavohemoglobin was confirmed by qRT-PCR in continuous culture with nitrite. A deletion mutant determined fhb to be involved in conveying nitrite resistance at high nitrite concentrations and is linked to a stimulation of biomass generated by the presence of nitrite. The cytochrome ba3 oxidase was found to be associated with nitrite in transcriptional analysis, suggesting the uncoupling of the protonmotive force caused by the transport of FNA across the membrane, and subsequent dissociation in the cytoplasm were reduced by a method of counterbalance. No nitrate accumulation was seen and nitrous oxide levels were above that observed for atmospheric background levels. The microarray analysis was used to confirm that in batch growth at 12.5 mM nitrite addition, P. denitrificans shows an overall stress response associated with protein, DNA and lipid repair, with the addition of fhb detoxification and action of the cytochrome ba3 oxidase. It is therefore suggested that nitrite presents a pHdependent stress response in P. denitrificans, likely due to the production of associated reactive nitrogen species such as NO from the internalisation of FNA and the uncoupling of the protonmotive force.
Studies on the Octopamine Extraction from Fish Sauce

As an important biogenic amine, octopamine plays a role of neurotransmitter in organism. Recent researches revealed that it has an important preventive function on obesity and typeIIdiabetes. As raw materials of food and health food or auxiliary preparation for clinical medicine, octopamine can be used independently or jointly with other materials for weight loss and diabetes treatment. Natural octopamine mainly exists in fish sauce. It is possible to extract octopamine from fish sauce and develop health products. In this study, an effective method was studied to extract octopamine (OA) from fish sauce by means of macroporous adsorption resin (H103) which showed its static saturated adsorption of 2.925 mg·g-1 (dry resin) and high efficiency in separate adsorption. 30% ethanol was as eluent in H103 resin adsorption with its elutive power 98.04%. Macroporous resin H103 after properly treated could be used to extract octopamine. This study also provided the experimental basis for the industrial production of natural octopamine.