Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinantes inmediatos y fundamentales del Crecimiento económico en Colombia bajo el Método Bayesiano de selección de variables

Este documento presenta un analisis del crecimiento en Colombia a partir de un modelo deseleccion de variables basado en el metodo bayesiano y modelos de series de tiempo de rezagosdistribuidos (ARDL). El aporte del ejercicio consiste principalmente en el analisis de diversosfactores que la teoria economica identifica como determinantes del desempeno economicousando una metodologia standard y evitando el uso de series demasiado largas para evitar elsesgo originado en cambios metodologicos. Los resultados obtenidos resaltan la importancia del stock de capital fisico y humano (tasas de educacion primaria y secundaria) en la explicacion del crecimiento de largo plazo. Adicionalmente, en los modelos con mayor capacidad de prediccion resultan seleccionados determinantes como la deuda externa del sector privado, la deuda publica total, los precios industriales y el progreso tecnico, con una menor probabilidad aparecen seleccionados la oferta monetaria y la inflacion, cuyos resultados son coherentes con los planteamientos teoricos y confirman los hallazgos de otros trabajos para la economiacolombiana. La identificacion de los componentes del modelo de correccion del error, senala laimportancia del crecimiento rezagado y la tasa de crecimiento de los mismos determinantesseleccionados en el largo plazo.
DKWSLLL, a Versatile DXXXLL‐Type Signal with Distinct Roles in the Cu+‐Regulated Trafficking of ATP7B

In the liver, the P‐type ATPase and membrane pump ATP7B plays a crucial role in Cu+ donation to cuproenzymes and in the elimination of excess Cu+. ATP7B is endowed with a COOH‐cytoplasmic (DE)XXXLL‐type traffic signal. We find that accessory (Lys −3, Trp −2, Ser −1 and Leu +2) and canonical (D −4, Leu 0 and Leu +1) residues confer the DKWSLLL signal with the versatility required for the Cu+‐regulated cycling of ATP7B between the trans‐Golgi network (TGN) and the plasma membrane (PM). The separate mutation of these residues caused a disruption of the signal, resulting in different ATP7B distribution phenotypes. These phenotypes indicate the key roles of specific residues at separate steps of ATP7B trafficking, including sorting at the TGN, transport from the TGN to the PM and its endocytosis, and recycling to the TGN and PM. The distinct roles of ATP7B in the TGN and PM and the variety of phenotypes caused by the mutation of the canonical and accessory residues of the DKWSLLL signal can explain the separate or joined presentation of Wilson's cuprotoxicosis and the dysfunction of the cuproenzymes that accept Cu+ at the TGN.
Prognostic variables in hairy cell leukemia after splenectomy as initial therapy

Splenectomy has been used as initial therapy in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) for many years and usually causes rapid improvement in peripheral blood counts. However, most patients eventually require further therapy. We have analyzed the case histories of 194 patients with HCL who had Splenectomy as initial therapy. The median time to failure (second therapy or death) was 18.8 months. Univariate analysis of prognostic variables demonstrated that age, hemoglobin level, platelet count, bone marrow cellularity, bone marrow hairy cells, and hairy cell index (HCI) were statistically significant predictors of failure‐free survival (FFS). However, only the bone marrow cellularity and platelet count were significant independent prognostic variables by Cox analysis. The patients were divided into the following three subsets by prognosis after splenectomy: (1) low risk of failure (cellularity <85% and platelet count ≤60,000/μl), (2) intermediate risk (cellularity <85% and platelet count <60,000/μl), and (3) high risk (cellularity ≤85%). The median FFS for each of these subsets was 56.5 months, 11.7 months, and 5.4 months, respectively. The median overall survival after splenectomy has not been reached with follow‐up of up to 22 years. Patients diagnosed since 1982 have a better overall prognosis than those diagnosed earlier, with 4‐year survivals of 88% and 68%, respectively (P < 0.01). We conclude that splenectomy should continue to be the standard initial therapy in HCL. However, patients with bone marrow cellularity of 85% or greater have a short duration of response to splenectomy, and thus, may be considered for initial systemic therapy.
Identification of Human Sulfotransferases Involved in Lorcaserin N-Sulfamate Formation

Lorcaserin [(R)-8-chloro-1-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine] hydrochloride hemihydrate, a selective serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 5-HT2C receptor agonist, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for chronic weight management. Lorcaserin is primarily cleared by metabolism, which involves multiple enzyme systems with various metabolic pathways in humans. The major circulating metabolite is lorcaserin N-sulfamate. Both human liver and renal cytosols catalyze the formation of lorcaserin N-sulfamate, where the liver cytosol showed a higher catalytic efficiency than renal cytosol. Human sulfotransferases (SULTs) SULT1A1, SULT1A2, SULT1E1, and SULT2A1 are involved in the formation of lorcaserin N-sulfamate. The catalytic efficiency of these SULTs for lorcaserin N-sulfamate formation is widely variable, and among the SULT isoforms SULT1A1 was the most efficient. The order of intrinsic clearance for lorcaserin N-sulfamate is SULT1A1 > SULT2A1 > SULT1A2 > SULT1E1. Inhibitory effects of lorcaserin N-sulfamate on major human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes were not observed or minimal. Lorcaserin N-sulfamate binds to human plasma protein with high affinity (i.e., >99%). Thus, despite being the major circulating metabolite, the level of free lorcaserin N-sulfamate would be minimal at a lorcaserin therapeutic dose and unlikely be sufficient to cause drug-drug interactions. Considering its formation kinetic parameters, high plasma protein binding affinity, minimal P450 inhibition or induction potential, and stability, the potential for metabolic drug-drug interaction or toxicological effects of lorcaserin N-sulfamate is remote in a normal patient population.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure. The clinical spectrum in uremia, during hemodialysis, and after renal transplantation.

Hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and high levels of circulating parathyroid hormone are common in patients with chronic renal failure,1and even in those with mild impairment of renal function.2However, the syndrome of overt hyperparathyroidism is not frequently seen in these patients. With the prolongation of the life of patients with chronic renal failure, overt hyperparathyroidism is being observed with increasing frequency. The exact pathogenetic factors which underlie the dynamics of the processes leading to hyperplasia and hyperactivity of the parathyroid glands, the reasons why overt hyperparathyroidism is not always present, the clinical and biochemical criteria of this entity, and the functional characteristics of the parathyroid glands in patients with chronic uremia during hemodialysis and after renal transplant are as yet not clearly delineated.3,4 In this report, the term hyperparathyroidism is used to indicate a syndrome with certain clinical, roentgenographic, and biochemical manifestations which are observed
On-die power grid broadband model determination using a priori narrowband measurements

Frequency domain methods of extracting equivalent series resistance (ESR) and equivalent series capacitance (ESC) for on-die decoupling capacitors using spice-like simulators are briefly reviewed. A concise method is then proposed for converting the frequency domain equivalent ESR and ESC to an approximate broadband equivalent circuit which can be readily used in time domain simulations. The method is validated using empirical measurements of relevant integrated circuits.
How and Why I Cheated On My App: User Experience of Cheating Physical Activity Exergame Applications

Cheating in an exergame has been perceived as a negative activity because the purpose and method of using the application when engaging in cheating are different from the original intent of it. However, it is also known that there is a possibility to take advantage of the positive aspects of cheating in exergames such as motivating users and maintaining them physically active, which motivated us to understand cheating from different perspectives rather than just prohibiting it. To explore and examine this potential, we investigated exergame users' cheating experiences. As a result, design implications of cheating are suggested that can enhance users' experiences with exergames.
A Software Tool for the Design of the Current Limit Avoidance System at the JET Tokamak

A current limit avoidance (CLA) system has been proposed to avoid current saturation in the poloidal field (PF) coils of the Joint European Torus tokamak when the eXtreme Shape Controller is used to control the plasma shape. CLA uses the redundancy of the PF coil system to automatically obtain almost the same plasma shape with a different combination of control currents. This paper describes the set of graphic tools that has been recently developed to aid the design of the CLA parameters by nonexpert users.
Integer metrics for binary input symmetric output memoryless channels

Consider a coded communication system where antipodal signaling is used over symmetric memoryless channels. A mismatch decoder employing metrics which assume values in a finite set of integers is used. Two performance measures for achievable rates are considered, the generalized cutoff rate and the mismatch capacity. Two different integer metric assignments which maximize these criteria are found. The optimal metric assignment holds for any binary input symmetric output memoryless channels. It is calculated explicitly for the faded additive white Gaussian noise channel with and without diversity, an interference channel model and the additive "Cauchy" channel. The difference in terms of achievable rates between decoding using the optimal continuous metric and integer metric is calculated for these channels. The degradation for fairly low number of quantization levels is found to be small, e.g. for nine quantization levels degradation is less than 0.3 dB for all analyzed channels. The sensitivity of the generalized cutoff rate and the mismatch capacity to the exact location of the quantization levels is rather mild. The difference between the mismatch capacity corresponding to the optimal integer quantization and the mismatch capacity obtained by the quantization which optimizes the generalized cutoff rate is found to be quite small.
Psychometric and Demographic Predictors of the Perceived Risk of Terrorist Threats and the Willingness to Pay for Terrorism Risk Management Programs

A 2009 national telephone survey of 924 U.S. adults assessed perceptions of terrorism and homeland security issues. Respondents rated severity of effects, level of understanding, number affected, and likelihood of four terrorist threats: poisoned water supply; explosion of a small nuclear device in a major U.S. city; an airplane attack similar to 9/11; and explosion of a bomb in a building, train, subway, or highway. Respondents rated perceived risk and willingness to pay (WTP) for dealing with each threat. Demographic, attitudinal, and party affiliation data were collected. Respondents rated bomb as highest in perceived risk but gave the highest WTP ratings to nuclear device. For both perceived risk and WTP, psychometric variables were far stronger predictors than were demographic ones. OLS regression analyses using both types of variables to predict perceived risk found only two significant demographic predictors for any threat—Democrat (a negative predictor for bomb) and white male (a significant positive predictor for airline attack). In contrast, among psychometric variables, severity, number affected, and likelihood were predictors of all four threats and level of understanding was a predictor for one. For WTP, education was a negative predictor for three threats; no other demographic variables were significant predictors for any threat. Among psychometric variables, perceived risk and number affected were positive predictors of WTP for all four threats; severity and likelihood were predictors for three; level of understanding was a significant predictor for two.
Managing reverse knowledge flow in multinational corporations

Purpose – This study aims to provide insight to the little-researched phenomenon of reverse knowledge flow within multinational corporations (MNCs) and to explain the role of managerial attention in exploiting the prospect of knowledge transfer from subsidiaries located in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach – Existing literature across disciplines has been integrated to provide a clear description of the concept of reverse knowledge flow and managerial attention, in order to explain the role of managerial attention in reverse knowledge transfer activities within MNCs. Two pilot studies were conducted on European MNCs to build the background for this study. Findings – Managerial attention is a key factor in recognising potential source of knowledge within the multinational network, and a prior requirement for knowledge transfer to take place. Attention decisions are partially based on the knowledge source location, awareness/attractiveness, and the strategic importance. Thus, MNCs can adopt managerial practices and control mechanisms to influence the attention of executives and achieve higher knowledge flow from subsidiaries. Research limitations/implications – There is a need to undertake empirical research and in-depth case studies of knowledge management practices using the arguments and framework provided in this article. Practical implications – MNCs can develop mechanisms for overcoming attention biases influence on reverse knowledge flow. The attention based approach can lead to better subsidiary integration and knowledge management practices in MNCs. Originality/value – This study advances the theory on reverse knowledge flow in MNCs by presenting an attention based theoretical framework for effective knowledge transfer.
Block-Cyclic Dense Linear Algebra

Block-cyclic order elimination algorithms for LU and OR factorization and solve routines are described for distributed memory architectures with processing nodes configured as two-dimensional arrays of arbitrary shape. The cyclic-order elimination, together with a consecutive data allocation, yields good load balance for both the factorization and solution phases for the solution of dense systems of equations by LU and OR decomposition. Blocking may offer a substantial performance enhancement on architectures for which the level-2 or level-3 BLAS (basic linear algebra subroutines) are ideal for operations local to a node. High-rank updates local to a node may have a performance that is a factor of four or more higher than a rank-1 update.This paper shows that in many parallel implementations, the $O(N^2 )$ work in the factorization may be of the same significance as the $O(N^3 )$ work, even for large matrices. The $O(N^2 )$ work is poorly load balanced in two-dimensional nodal arrays, which are shown to b.
Réflexions sur la place du RàPC dans trois domaines de recherche actuels

Dans cet article, nous nous interessons a la place du raisonnement a partir de cas par rapport a trois domaines de recherche ou les enjeux sont actuellement considerables : la gestion des connaissances (et l'aide a la decision), le Web semantique (avec entre autres et la recherche d'information et le traitement de requetes complexes), et enfin l'extraction de connaissances dans des bases de donnees.
Prescribing antidepressants in general practice

Watchful waiting for minor depression, full dose treatment for major depression This week's BMJ includes three studies of the use of antidepressant drugs in general practice. MacDonald et al (p 860) looked at patient specific dispensed prescribing and hospitalisations for possible adverse effects, using a record linkage database covering Tayside, Scotland.1 They found prescribing of tricyclic antidepressants to be generally safe: the drugs were rarely used in the presence of contraindications and did not lead to an excess of hospitalisations for adverse cardiovascular effects. The authors say, however, that this may have been because about three quarters of prescriptions were for less than the recommended dose for major depression (125 mg of amitriptyline or equivalent a day2) and most were for less than 60 days. These findings are not new: studies going back more than 20 years have consistently found that tricyclic antidepressants are usually prescribed at low doses for short periods in general practice.3 4 5 So why do practitioners continue to prescribe in such a way, and are they really wrong to do so? Low dose tricyclic antidepressants for migraine prophylaxis, neuralgia, and nocturnal enuresis account for only a small proportion of prescriptions; most are used for a diagnosis of depression. …
Content-trajectory approach for searching video databases

In the past few years, modeling and querying video databases have been a subject of extensive research to develop tools for effective search of videos. In this paper, we present a hierarchal approach to model videos at three levels, object level (OL), frame level (FL), and shot level (SL). The model captures the visual features of individual objects at OL, visual-spatio-temporal (VST) relationships between objects at FL, and time-varying visual features and time-varying VST relationships at SL. We call the combination of the time-varying visual features and the time-varying VST relationships a Content trajectory which is used to represent and index a shot. A novel query interface that allows users to describe the time-varying contents of complex video shots such as those of skiers, soccer players, etc., by sketch and feature specification is presented. Our experimental results prove the effectiveness of modeling and querying shots using the content trajectory approach.
Zwei makroökonomische Koordinationsprobleme

Aus neoklassischer Sicht bestimmen sich Lohne und Zinsen (und damit die funktionelle Einkommensverteilung) so, das eine richtige Wahl der Pruktionsverfahren induziert wird. In neokeynesianischer Sicht bilden sich Lohne und Zinsen (und damit die funktionelle Einkommensverteilung) so, das der Gutermarkt geraumt wird. Die beiden Theorierichtungen unterscheiden sich mithin dadurch, das sie die Einkommensverteilung als Losung von zwei verschiedenen Koordinationsproblemen sehen und damit zu verschiedenen Ergebnissen kommen. In diesem Beitrag wird kritisiert, das sich diese beiden Theorierichtungen jeweils auf nur eins der beiden Koordinationsproblem konzentrieren und das jeweils andere vernachlassigen. Es wird die These vertreten, das beide Koordinationsprobleme wichtig sind aber nicht gleichzeitig gelost werden konnen. Dies wirft wichtige Fragestellungen fur die Konjunkturtheorie auf.
Studio Report: UC Berkeley Center for New Music and audio Technologies (CNMAT)

The UC Berkeley Center for New Music and Audio Technologies (CNMAT) houses programs in research, pedagogy and public performance that are focused on the creative interaction between music and technology. CNMAT’s pedagogy program is highly integrated with the Department of Music’s graduate program in composition, while the research program is linked with other disciplines and departments on campus such as architecture, mathematics, statistics, mechanical engineering, computer science, electrical engineering, psychology, cognitive science, physics, space sciences, the Center for New Media, and the Department of Theater, Dance, and Performance Studies. This Studio Report describes a number of new or continuing projects and initiatives we are pursuing, including the presentation of noteworthy composers, performers, researchers, and other individuals of interest to the campus community and general public.
Gastrin: from pathophysiology to cancer prevention and treatment

Gastrin has been identified as the principal effector of gastric secretion, but several studies have demonstrated its role as a biomarker of cancer risk and as a growth factor for colorectal, stomach, liver, and pancreatic cancer. Hypergastrinemia characterizes autoimmune gastritis, with body and fundic gland atrophy and increased risk for both gastric adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. Gastric type I carcinoids develop in the context of autoimmune gastritis because of the stimulus exerted by gastrin on enterochromaffin-like cells and remain gastrin-sensitive for long durations because the removal of hypergastrinemia leads to tumor regression. The treatment of gastric carcinoid is still open to debate, but when the disease frequently relapses, or is multicentric or infiltrating, surgery is advocated or, in the alternative, a costly and long-lasting treatment with long-acting somatostatin analogues is prescribed. A technology allowing the preparation of an immunogen eliciting an immune system response with generation of antibodies against G17 has been developed. This vaccine has been tested in patients with colorectal, pancreatic or advanced gastric cancer. The vaccine has also been used in the treatment of gastric type I carcinoids, and the administration of G17DT in patients harboring these lesions leads to carcinoid regression. Antigastrin vaccination in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer obviously needs validation, but this immunotherapy may well represent a simple, inexpensive, and active ‘adjuvant’ treatment.
DECOMPOSITION OF MEDICAGO SATIVA RESIDUES AFFECTS PHYTOTOXICITY, FUNGAL GROWTH AND SOIL-BORNE PATHOGEN DISEASES

Disease problems resulting from replanting alfalfa (Medicago sativa, MS) have been associated both to autotoxicity of undecomposed plant residues and activity of soil-borne fungal pathogens such as Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani. However, the interaction between MS residues and soil-borne pathogens has not been previously investigated. In this work we studied the effects of the decomposition process of MS residues, in aerobic and anaerobic conditions on: (i) the growth of MS seedlings; (ii) the growth of 17 fungal species selected among saprophytic, biological control agents, foliar and soil-borne pathogens and (iii) the outcome of the plant-pathogen interactions. MS chemical changes during decomposition were characterized by 13C-CPMAS- NMR spectroscopy. Autotoxicity and phytotoxicity of MS extracts rapidly decreased during decomposition, in both laboratory and litterbag in aerobic conditions, but increased sharply in anaerobic conditions. Undecomposed MS extracts positively affected fungal growth, while extracts from MS residues decomposed both in aerobic and anaerobic conditions showed an inhibitory effect. MS seedling damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum and R. solani increased when soil was amended with MS residues, suggesting that availability of more nutrients and energy sources may be important in increasing disease severity. 13C-CPMAS-NMR analysis revealed that dramatic chemical changes occurred during decomposition. O-bearing carbon compounds, mainly associated with sugars, decreased steadily, while aliphatic compounds increased during decomposition. It was concluded that there is a consistent relationship among MS chemical changes, its autotoxicity and the effects on fungal growth.
Sistemas indigenas de uso de la selva, ¨ una alternativa para la amazonia ?

El conocimiento y entendimiento del proceso de regeneracion de la selva y el aprovechamiento de su diversidad de especies y de ecosistemas ha garantizado un manejo sostenible del medio amazonico por parte de los grupos indigenas que desde tiempos ancestrales lo han habitado.