Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poroelastic Solution for the Nonlinear Productivity Index of Wells in Stress-Sensitive Reservoir Rocks

Reservoir depletion may induce substantial changes in the stress state of the subsurface rock. The interaction between the pore fluid pressure and rock stress alters the reservoir rock porosity and permeability which, in turn, can reversely affect the productivity index (PI) of producing wells. A nonlinear analytical solution is developed for the drawdown-dependent PI of reservoirs under a steady-state flow regime. Biot's theory of poroelasticity is used to derive the depletion-induced changes in the reservoir rock porosity and permeability. The well-known Mindlin's solution for a nucleus of strain in a semi-infinite elastic medium is adopted as Green's function and integrated over the depleted volume of a disk-shaped reservoir to obtain the 3D distribution of rock stress and volumetric strain. The fluid transport equation is nonlinearly related to the solid mechanics side of the problem via the stress-dependent permeability coefficients. A perturbation technique is used to mathematically treat the described nonlinearity and analytically solve the equations of pore fluid flow and rock stress under steady-state flow regime. A good match is captured between the obtained analytical perturbation solution and the numerical finite difference solution of the same problem. Results confirm the expected strong dependence of the Well PI on the drawdown magnitude. The poroelastic constitutive parameters of the reservoir rock determine the extent of such dependency. The rock initial porosity has the strongest influence on the Well PI, followed by the reservoir initial permeability and solid grain modulus, while the reservoir depth to radius ratio and the Poisson's ratio are found to be the least sensitive parameters.
Usage Pattern of Antimicrobial Agents in Surgical Patients of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Ajman, United Arab Emirates

The extensive use of AMAs has paved the pathway for antibiotic resistance among commonly encountered microorganisms. Additionally, rational use of antimicrobial agents (AMAs) is extremely vital for positive patient outcomes. Hence, we aimed to analyse the pattern of use of AMAs in patients who had undergone surgery at Thumbay Hospital, Ajman, United Arab Emirates and to study the incidence of adverse drug reactions in the same group of patients. The data were collected over a one-year period after Institutional Ethics Committee approval. Case record analysis of AMAs prescribed to surgical patients was donewith the help of a questionnaire. Most surgerieswere related to anorectal (24%), obstetrics (23.5%) and ENT (14%) problems. AMAs were prescribed to 86.5% of the patients as surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP), with the majority being prescribed only one AMA (45.8%). Metronidazole (40.9%), Ceftriaxone (21.2%) andCefuroxime (10.8%)were the leadingAMAs for SAP. Almost all the patients (91.5%) were prescribed AMAs at discharge and Cefuroxime (23.2%), Metronidazole (20.7%) and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid combination (17.7%) were the principal AMAs recommended. The average duration of prescription of AMAs at discharge was 6.4 days. Mild adverse drug reactions were encountered, which did not pose any serious health risk to the patients. Proactive interventions focusing on the surgical team like formal educational sessions on antimicrobial stewardship, consistent auditing and regular updates about current SAP guidelines are the need of the hour.
Veno-Venous Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in a Child with Hemoptysis and Fontan Circulation

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a rescue life support technique used in life threatening conditions of refractory respiratory and/or cardiac distress. Indication for extracorporeal life support in children depends on age and varies from pulmonary to cardiac pathologies. In some cases, it may be used as a bridge to a therapeutic procedure. We described here the management of respiratory failure due to hemoptysis in a child with a Fontan circulation and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation which served as a bridge to angio-embolization. Hemoptysis can be a life threatening condition which can lead to hypovolemic shock and impaired alveolar gas exchange. The latter can result in respiratory failure and consequent asphyxia. When hemoptysis occurs in a patient with a univentricular heart and a Fontan circulation, management of this clinical situation can be challenging due to the particular physiology of the latter. Total cavopulmonary connection is a palliative surgical repair which constitutes Fontan circulation as a definitive treatment in patients with a univentricular heart. Methods: Case report description of a 16 year-old boy with a univentricular heart and a Fontan circulation who presented hemoptysis managed with a veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to angio-embolization. Results: Hemoptysis due to diffuse intra-alveolar hemorrhage from collateral circulation was successfully treated in this young patient with pulmonary vascular embolization. This allowed to wean the patient from extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. Conclusion: Veno-venous ECMO can be life-saving as a bridge to angio-embolization for severe hemoptysis in patients with Fontan circulation. The reported case allows to underline that our multidisciplinary approach in this complex pediatric patient surely participated to improve outcome.
Use of Artificial Eelgrass Mats by Saltmarsh-Nesting Common Terns (Sterna hirundo)

Terns and skimmers nesting on saltmarsh islands often suffer large nest losses due to tidal and storm flooding. Nests located near the center of an island and on wrack (mats of dead vegetation, mostly eelgrass Zostera) are less susceptible to flooding than those near the edge of an island and those on bare soil or in saltmarsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). In the 1980’s Burger and Gochfeld constructed artificial eelgrass mats on saltmarsh islands in Ocean County, New Jersey. These mats were used as nesting substrate by common terns (Sterna hirundo) and black skimmers (Rynchops niger). Every year since 2002 I have transported eelgrass to one of their original sites to make artificial mats. This site, Pettit Island, typically supports between 125 and 200 pairs of common terns. There has often been very little natural wrack present on the island at the start of the breeding season, and in most years natural wrack has been most common along the edges of the island. The terns readily used the artificial mats for nesting substrate. Because I placed artificial mats in the center of the island, the terns have often avoided the large nest losses incurred by terns nesting in peripheral locations. However, during particularly severe flooding events even centrally located nests on mats are vulnerable. Construction of eelgrass mats represents an easy habitat manipulation that can improve the nesting success of marsh-nesting seabirds.
The dynamics of exploitation and inequality in economies with heterogeneous agents

This paper analyses the relation between growth, inequalities, and exploitation as the unequal exchange of labour (UE exploitation). An economy with heterogeneous, intertemporally optimising agents is considered which generalises John Roemer's [52, 53] seminal models. First, a correspondence between pro ts and the existence (and intensity) of UE exploitation is proved in the dynamic context. This result is important, positively, because the pro t rate is one of the key determinants of investment decisions, and, normatively, because it provides a link between UE exploitation and the functional distribution of income. Second, it is shown that asset inequalities are fundamental for the emergence of UE exploitation, but they are not sufficient for its persistence, both in equilibria with accumulation and growth, and, perhaps more surprisingly, in stationary intertemporal equilibrium paths. Labour-saving technical progress, however, may yield sustained growth with persistent UE exploitation by keeping labour abundant relative to capital. Persistent inequalities in income and labour exchanged arise from the interaction between labour market conditions and differential ownership of productive assets.
Existence and uniqueness for anisotropic and crystalline mean curvature flows

An existence and uniqueness result, up to fattening, for crystalline mean curvature flows with forcing and arbitrary (convex) mobilities, is proven. This is achieved by introducing a new notion of solution to the corresponding level set formulation. Such solutions satisfy a comparison principle and stability properties with respect to the approximation by suitably regularized problems. The results are valid in any dimension and for arbitrary, possibly unbounded, initial closed sets. The approach accounts for the possible presence of a time-dependent bounded forcing term, with spatial Lipschitz continuity. As a result of our analysis, we deduce the convergence of a minimizing movement scheme proposed by Almgren, Taylor, and Wang (1993) to a unique (up to fattening) “flat flow” in the case of general, including crystalline, anisotropies, solving a long-standing open question.
The Two-Layer Structure of the Entrainment Zone in the Convective Boundary Layer

The entrainment zone (EZ) of a dry, shear-free convective boundary layer growing into a linearly stratified fluid is studied by means of direct numerical simulation. The scale separation between the boundary layer thickness and the Kolmogorov length scale is shown to be sufficient to observe Reynolds number similarity in the statistics of interest during the equilibrium entrainment regime. Contrary to previous considerations, the vertical structure of the entrainment zone is found to be better described by the superposition of two sublayers: 1) an upper EZ sublayer that is dominated by overshooting thermals and is characterized by a penetration depth that scales with the ratio of the convective velocity and the buoyancy frequency of the free troposphereand2)alowerEZsublayerthatisdominatedbytroughsofmixedfluidandischaracterizedbythe integral length scale of the mixed layer. Correspondingly, different buoyancy scales are identified. The consequences of this multiplicity of scales on the entrainment rate parameters are evaluated directly, without resorting to any bulk model, through an exact relation among the mean entrainment rate, the local buoyancy increment, and both the turbulent and the finite-thickness contributions to the entrainment ratio A measured at the height of minimum buoyancy flux. The smaller turbulent contribution to A that is usually observed for relatively thick EZs is found to be compensated by the smaller local buoyancy increment instead of by the finite-thickness contribution. The two-layer structure of the entrainment zone is found to affect the exponent of the power-law relation between the normalized mean entrainment rate and the convective Richardson number such that the exponent deviates from 21 for typical atmospheric conditions, although it asymptotically approaches 21 for higher Richardson numbers.
MULTIFETAL GESTATION- INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS

Dr. Mridula Singh and Dr. Sudha Chourasia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 20 February 2020 Final Accepted: 22 March 2020 Published: April 2020
Perceived synergy between deforestation and/or forest degradation and climate variability and change in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality, Ghana

Abstract Perceptual studies on the environment and natural resources are important, if unsustainable use of these resources is to be abated. This paper unravels the hitherto unknown drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation, and the causes of climate variability and change (CVC), by assessing their synergy based on participants self-reported cases in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality, Ashanti Region, Ghana. Drawing on the criterion and simple random sampling techniques to sample 360 respondents from 4 different communities and adopting the empiricist paradigm to derive trends and patterns in responses, this study demonstrated the bi-directional association between forest degradation and climate change. Results suggested that participants across the various socio-economic status fields were adequately informed, and knowledgeable about changes in climatic variables. Participants’ perceived the loss of forest, extinction of tree species and changing forest to savanna lands as indications of deforestation. Respondents with basic education and/or high school education adequately predicted that CVC factors influence decisions regarding forest removal compared with the uneducated. Removing one hectare of vegetation cover change per year (being it an increase or decrease in the area) (1 ha/year+/-/) or about three hectares (3 ha/year+/-), at a rate of 60%, and forest cover at rates of 57% were perceived as significant drivers of CVC. In recommendation, policies targeted at reducing forest degradation and deforestation and contributing to the fight against CVC in the Municipality should henceforth take into consideration the opinions of the indigenes in addition to scientific evidence in order to ensure the effectiveness of such policies.
Assessment of different marker systems for diversity analysis in monokaryotic lines of button mushroom strains using RAPDs, ISSRs, IRAPs and REMAPs

Improvement of button mushroom is a specific area involving isolation of single spores and intermating of non-fertile spores to develop new cultivars. The breeding of Agaricus bisporus is complicated proposition because of its unusual secondary homothallic sexual behavior where majority of the basidia produce two spores, each containing two nuclei of opposite mating-type and only a few basidia are trior tetrasporic yielding homokaryotic/monokaryotic spores. There is no way to identify the later as A. bisporus mycelium unlike other basidiomycetes lacks clamp connections and is multinucleate. The only promising method to identify non-fertile isolates is the cumbersome fruiting trial. Because of their mobility and activity, transposons have proved to be valuable markers for genetic diversity and variability. Use of outward facing primers of retro-element insertion sites, the IRAP technique, (or between retro elements and simple sequence repeats, the ISSR method) has been useful to provide multi-locus anonymous markers. The SSAP, IRAP and REMAP methods are multiplex and are used to generate several anonymous marker bands. The TEs are known to have strains/species specific signatures, which can be used for identification of non-fertile isolates in A.bisporus. In the present study, a total of 1000 single spore isolates were developed from 11 different strains of button mushroom and were evaluated for their fertility. A total of 33 SSIs were identified as non-fruiting and were characterized using different molecular marker systems like RAPDs, ISSRs, IRAPs and REMAPs. The study aimed to identify specific markers linked with fertility of single spore isolates and also the markers will be used to construct a linkage map of the hybrids developed using these non fertile single spore isolates.
Climate Impacts from Afforestation and Deforestation in Europe

Changes in vegetation are known to have an impact on climate via biogeophysical effects such as changes in albedo and heat fluxes. Here, the effects of maximum afforestation and deforestation are studied over Europe. This is done by comparing three regional climate model simulations—one with present-day vegetation, one with maximum afforestation, and one with maximum deforestation. In general, afforestation leads to more evapotranspiration (ET), which leads to decreased near-surface temperature, whereas deforestation leads to less ET, which leads to increased temperature. There are exceptions, mainly in regions with little water available for ET. In such regions, changes in albedo are relatively more important for temperature. The simulated biogeophysical effect on seasonal mean temperature varies between 0.5° and 3°C across Europe. The effect on minimum and maximum temperature is larger than that on mean temperature. Increased (decreased) mean temperature is associated with an even larger increase (decrease) in maximum summer (minimum winter) temperature. The effect on precipitation is found to be small. Two additional simulations in which vegetation is changed in only one-half of the domain were also performed. These simulations show that the climatic effects from changed vegetation in Europe are local. The results imply that vegetation changes have had, and will have, a significant impact on local climate in Europe; the climatic response is comparable to climate change under RCP2.6. Therefore, effects from vegetation change should be taken into account when simulating past, present, and future climate for this region. The results also imply that vegetation changes could be used to mitigate local climate change.
Discussion Papers Bayesian Inference for Structural Vector Autoregressions Identifi ed by Markov-Switching Heteroskedasticity

In order to identify structural shocks that affect economic variables, restrictions need to be imposed on the parameters of structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) models. Economic theory is the primary source of such restrictions. However, only over-identifying restrictions can be tested with statistical methods which limits the statistical validation of many just-identified SVAR models. In this study, Bayesian inference is developed for SVAR models in which the structural parameters are identified via Markov-switching heteroskedasticity. In such a model, restrictions that are just-identifying in the homoskedastic case, become over-identifying and can be tested. A set of parametric restrictions is derived under which the structural matrix is globally identified and a Savage-Dickey density ratio is used to assess the validity of the identification conditions. For that purpose, a new probability distribution is defined that generalizes the beta, F, and compound gamma distributions. As an empirical example, monetary models are compared using heteroskedasticity as an additional device for identification. The empirical results support models with money in the interest rate reaction function.
RELACIÓN DE LA ANDROGINIA CON LA GAUDIBILIDAD Y LA ESCOLARIDAD EN POBLACION MICHOACANA

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar la relacion entre la Gaudibilidad (disposicion para experimentar el disfrute), la Androginia y la escolaridad de una muestra de 104 adultos mexicanos, mediante un muestreo no probabilistico por cutotas. Para lo cual se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: Escala de Masculidad- Feminidad de Reyes Lagunes (1996) y Adaptacion mexicana de la Escala de Gaudibilidad, realizada por Padros, Herrera y Gudayol (2012). Se encontro que el factor de Androginia presenta una correlacion positiva y moderada con la escala de Gaudibilidad y que las personas con escolaridad universitaria reportan mayor nivel de Gaudibilidad respecto a los participantes con escolaridad Basica. Se concluye para el primer caso que el resultado concuerda con la teoria ya que niveles elevados de androginia se asocian a mayor flexibilidad, aspecto relacionado con la capacidad de hallar interes frente a diferentes circunstancias, que es uno de los moduladores de la Gaudibilidad. En el segundo caso se argumenta que un nivel mas elevado de estudios supone desarrollar habilidades como la concentracion y la capacidad por interesarse por las circunstancias lo cual favorece el disfrute.
HOTSPOT VALIDATION OF THE HIMAWARI-8 SATELLITE BASED ON MULTISOURCE DATA FOR CENTRAL KALIMANTAN

The Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) is the sensor aboard the remote-sensing satellite Himawari-8 which records the Earth’s weather and land conditions every 10 minutes from a geostationary orbit. The imagery produced known as Himawari-8 has 16 bands which cover visible, near infrared, middle infrared and thermal infrared wavelength potentials to monitor forestry phenomena. One of these is forest/land fires, which frequently occur in Indonesia in the dry season. Himawari-8 can detect hotspots in thermal bands 5 and band 7 using absolute fire pixel (AFP) and possible fire pixel (PFP) algorithms. However, validation has not yet been conducted to assess the accuracy of this information. This study aims to validate hotspots identified from Himawari images based on information from Landsat 8 images, field surveys and burnout data. The methodology used to validate hotspots comprises AFP and PFP extraction, determining firespots from Landsat 8, buffering at 2 km from firespots, field surveys, burnout data, and calculation of accuracy. AFP and PFP hotspot validation of firespots from Landsat-8 is found to have higher accuracy than the other options. In using Himawari-8 hotspots to detect land/forest fires in Central Kalimantan, the AFP algorithm with 2km radius has accuracy of 51.33% while the PFP algorithm has accuracy of 27.62%.
GC-MS analysis of bio-active compounds in the ethanolic extract of Amorphophallus sylvaticus

Amorphophallus sylvaticus (Roxb) (Araceae) seed acquired with different solvent extraction. The investigation aimed to carry out the GC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts of the seed Amorphophallus sylvaticus (Roxb) (Araceae). The preliminary analysis revealed the seeds contain both fixed and essential oils, proteins, alkaloids and saponin. Much of the biological activity of the seeds has been shown to be due to Eugenol, the major component of the essential oil which is also present in the fixed oil. The present study deals with the analysis of phytochemicals by qualitative and quantitative procedures using the ethanolic extracts of seeds of Amorphophallus sylvaticus by using soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical constituents like alkaloids, flavanoids, saponins, Eugenol, glycosides in the ethanolic extract of Amorphophallus sylvaticus were also identified by GC-MS technique.
RainIDF: automated derivation of rainfall intensity–duration–frequency relationship from annual maxima and partial duration series

RainIDF, a software tool for derivation of rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) relationship is developed as an Excel add-in by using Visual Basics for Applications (VBA). The tool is integrated with two of the most widely used statistical distributions for determination of IDF relationship: the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution for annual maxima series, and the generalized Pareto (GPA) distribution for partial duration series (PDS). It provides automated distribution fitting for rainfall data in the form of annual maxima or PDS for multiple intervals, solving and plotting of rainfall IDF curves. RainIDF uses the Solver add-in function in Excel to solve the coefficients of the empirical IDF formula in one step. The methodology built into RainIDF is discussed and rainfall IDF relationships for several stations in Peninsular Malaysia are derived and compared. RainIDF is available for download on GitHub (http://github.com/kbchang/rainidf) as an Excel add-in.