Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal variation in relative frequency of nectariferous and nectarless inflorescences and its effect on subsequent fecundity in an ephemeral plant, Corydalis ambigua (Fumariaceae)

The occurrence of nectarlessness flowers in nectar‐producing plants is a common and stable phenomenon in many species, but their occurrence is still not well understood. The aim of this study is to examine a question from both the plant and pollinator perspectives: why do nectar‐producing species produce some nectarless flowers within a plant? We investigate the distribution patterns of nectarless flowers in natural populations and their variation among the populations and years in a spring‐flowering self‐incompatible perennial herb plant, Corydalis ambigua Chem. & Schlecht (Fumariaceae), we observed the foraging behavior of bumblebees to nectariferous and nectarless inflorescences. We also examined the differences in reproductive success between inflorescence types and the effect of nectar production on flower production of the next flowering season. The results indicated that the frequencies of nectarless flowers varied among inflorescences, individuals, and populations and between years. Plants can revise or keep their inflorescence types or change nectar production status in the next growing season. Bumblebees visited both types with equal frequency but different foraging behavior, which resulted in lower seed production in nectarless inflorescences. However, nectarless inflorescences may save more energy and result in larger bulbs, which produce more flowers in the next flowering season. We found that although nectarless flowers resulted in lower seed set in nectarless inflorescence or individuals, they could affect bumblebees’ foraging behavior and further promote the effective output of pollen. In addition, the resource savings could enhance plant reproductive success in the next flowering season.
Therapeutical Comparison of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Different Tissues of Human Placenta in the Treatment of Mice with Acute Hepatic Failure

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are powerful sources for cell therapy in regenerative medicine due to their capacity for self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immune modulation. Placenta-derived stem cells (PDSCs) have been recently suggested as alternative sources of stem cells. However, comparative studies to decide the most suitable cells for cell-based therapeutics are largely lacking. This study attempted to compare the potential of PDSCs in the treatment of mice with acute hepatic failure (ALF). We isolated four types of PDSCs, including the fetus-derived chorionic villi MSCs (CV-MSCs), Wharton’s jelly umbilical cord MSCs (WJ-MSCs) and amnion MSCs (AE-MSCs), and the maternally derived decidua basalis MSCs (DB-MSCs). We found that all PDSCs showed similar biological properties, including morphology, specific surface antigen, proliferation, and multipotent differentiation potential (osteogenesis, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis). In addition, they also exhibited similar therapeutic potential in rescuing acetaminophen-induced ALF in mice, regardless of their origins. However, the fetus-derived CV-MSCs and WJ-MSCs exhibited the highest proliferative potential and the best improvement of survival rate in mice with ALF. Taken together, our data suggest that PDSCs, particularly CV-MSCs and WJ-MSCs, may have greater potential to be banked for clinical use.
Antioxidant phytochemicals in cultivated and wild canadian strawberries

Strawberries are one of the best natural sources of antioxidants, chemical substances that are much needed in our body's fight with damaging free radicals. Vitamin C and E are essential antioxidants, however, non-essential phytochemical antioxidants such as phenolic compounds in strawberries have been increasingly found to be even stronger antioxidants. They have also been found to work synergistically with the vitamins in the elimination of free radicals. Many different phenolic compounds are found in strawberries. Anthocyanidins, procyanidins, phenolic acids and flavonoids are among the most important of these chemicals. However, the concentration and composition of these phytochemicals vary depending on the variety, location of cultivation and growing seasons. Several dozens of different cultivated and wild strawberry plants were examined over three years, and we found that the average total phenolic content of wild strawberries were much higher than those of the cultivated strawberries. By using three different in vitro antioxidant assays, extracts of strawberries were found to be better antioxidants than the commercial antioxidant, BHT, used in food at the recommended concentration. The antioxidant activity of the strawberry is attributed to the phenolic compounds, which were also found to possess high antioxidant activity. Understanding the basic chemistry of the strawberry is the first step in the course of developing antioxidant nutraceuticals from strawberries. Phytochemical studies are important because they provide critical information on the individual antioxidant chemicals, which is needed for mode of action studies and for breeding high antioxidant strawberries for fresh consumption.
Diel changes in the horizontal distribution of zooplankton in the littoral zone of two shallow eutrophic lakes

Diel horizontal migration of zooplankton was studied in the littoral zone of two shallow Danish lakes. In Lake Vaeng, in which emergent macrophytes and tree roots were present in the littoral zone, sampling was undertaken at five locations at 0.5 m and 5 m from the shore. The largest diel changes seen in the mean density of Daphnia hyalina/galeata SARS were a decrease from a daytime maximum of 1,766 indiv 1 -1 to a night-time minimum of 638 indiv 1 -1 at the stations 0.5 m from the shore, and an increase from 3 indiv 1 -1 to 162 indiv 1 -1 at the stations 5 m from the shore. In Lake Ring, in which both macrophyte beds (Potamogeton pectinatus L.) and open areas are present in the littoral zone, sampling was undertaken at 24 locations along a transect running parallel to the shore. The mean density of Daphnia magna STRAUS within the macrophyte beds was up to 20-fold higher during daytime than during night-time (40 indiv 1 -1 and 2 indiv 1 -1 , respectively), whereas no general changes were observed in the open areas. The greatest diel changes were found near the edge of the macrophytes. The density of Daphnia hyalina/galeata in the macrophyte beds was also less during night-time than daytime, but the difference was not as marked. The mean density of cyclopoids was 2-3 fold higher in the macrophyte beds than in the open areas, but no diel changes in density were observed. We interpret these findings as indicating that Daphnia magna and Daphnia hyalina/galeata undertake diel horizontal migration, and that macrophytes have a positive impact on large filter-feeding zooplankton in that they expand the area serving as a potential refuge from fish predation.
Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes at 4 and 22°C in Whey and Skim Milk Containing 6 or 12% Sodium Chloride.

Autoclaved samples of skim milk and deproteinated whey were fortified with 6 or 12% NaCl, inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes strains Scott A or California (CA), to contain ca. 1.0 × 103 cfu/ml (in the products with 6% salt) or ca. 5.0 × 103 cfu/ml (in the products with 12% salt) and incubated at 4 and 22°C. The pH values of the 6% salted whey, 6% salted skim milk, 12% salted whey, and 12% salted skim milk were 5.65, 6.20, 5.50, and 6.00 respectively. These values remained relatively constant during the entire experiment. Listeria counts were obtained by surface-plating appropriate dilutions and/or undiluted samples on Trypticase Agar (TA). Samples in which L. monocytogenes was not detected, were re-examined after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of cold-enrichment. Generation times of L. monocytogenes in 6% salted whey at 22°C (3.67 h and 3.56 h for strains Scott A and CA, respectively) were significantly shorter than those in 6% salted skim milk at 22°C (4.31 and 4.42 h for the two strains, respectively). Generation times in 6% salted products at 4°C ranged between 37.49 h and 49.43 h. Maximum populations reached at 22 and 4°C ranged from 7.58 to 8.10 Log10 cfu/ml, and were significantly higher in 6% salted whey than in 6% salted skim milk. In 12% salted whey and skim milk incubated at 22°C, L. monocytogenes gradually decreased in numbers. Strain CA was inactivated within 85 d in 12% salted skim milk or within 110 d in 12% salted whey, and was significantly less salt tolerant than strain Scott A which survived for more than 130 d under the same conditions. Loss of viability by both strains was similar in 12% salted whey and skim milk after 130 d of storage at 4°C, and the decreases in population were less than 0.7 order of magnitude.
Taxonomic Outline of the Bacteria and Archaea: Formerly the Taxonomic Outline of the Prokaryotes

not be transferred or copied in whole or in part without the express written permission of Michigan State University except for brief exerpts in connection with reviews and scholarly analyses. While the advice and information contained within this document are believed to be true and accurate at the time of publication, neither the authors no their respective institutions can accept any legal responsibility for errors or omissions that may be made. Michigan State University makes no warranty, expressed or implied with respect to the material contained herein. Introduction Following a prolonged hiatus, we have resumed our efforts to periodically distribute a comprehensive taxonomy of the Bacteria and Archaea. Release 7.7 of the Taxonomic Outline of Bacteria and Archaea (TOBA 7.7) was created specifically to provide a mapping of ongoing ge-nome sequencing efforts onto an updated version of the taxonomy in advance of a meeting at the University of Georgia on March 8-9, 2007. The focus of that meeting was to discuss how a large-scale project could be organized that would result in sequencing the genomes of all the type strains of the species recognised by a combination of the Rules of the Bacteriological Code and current taxonomic interpretation. A second goal was to draw up a " short list " of public collections that could serve as the source of type strains within the framework of this project. The criteria for selecting only one collection per type strain were outlined before the meeting. In future releases of TOBA we will resume our practice of distributing a comprehensive list of deposits.
Inverse Correlation of Early Regulatory T Cell Reconstitution Post-Transplant and Acute and Chronic Graft-Versus-Host-Disease.

Data on the impact of regulatory T cells (T regs ) on GVHD following SCT in man is conflicting, possibly due to differences in techniques used to characterize them. We studied reconstitution of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T cells in the first 150 days following a T-depleted allogeneic SCT by surface phenotyping, Foxp3 gene expression and functional assays to characterize their post-transplant origin and pattern of recovery relating these findings to GVHD. Although there was a direct correlation between Foxp3 gene expression and CD4+CD25+ T cells in healthy donors the ratio between CD4 + CD25 + T cell numbers and Foxp3 gene expression was more variable after SCT. In a longitudinal post-transplant study in 12 patients with leukemia, the Foxp3 copy number and CD4 + CD25 + T cells were strongly correlated in 5. In 4 patients CD4 + CD25 + and CD4 + CD25 + CD69 + T cells were disproportionately increased compared with Foxp3 gene expression, corresponding temporally with the development of acute GVHD and suggesting expansion of effector T cells. In 3 patients who did not develop clinically significant GVHD, the ratio of Foxp3 gene expression to CD25 fraction of CD4 + T cells was disproportionately high suggesting that T reg may have expanded or upregulated Foxp3 gene copy numbers. T reg reconstitution was slow in the first 45 days after SCT, lagging behind CD3 recovery but reaching normal levels by day 120. High day 30 Foxp3 gene expression inversely correlated with grade II–IV aGVHD (p = 0.02) and with severity of cGVHD. Chimerism analysis was performed on sorted CD4 + CD25 + and CD4 + CD25 − T cell fractions from 7 patients on day120 samples. In most patients, the expanded T reg population was enriched in cells of donor origin. These results support strategies to prevent GVHD by increasing post-transplant T reg recovery by adoptive transfer of ex-vivo expanded T reg. Conversely, the absence of T reg together with lymphopenia-driven T cell expansion may offer a window of opportunity for boosting GVL effects by vaccination in the first few weeks after transplantation.
290 Metagenome-assembled Genomes from the Mediterranean Sea: Ongoing Effort to Generate Genomes from the Tara Oceans Dataset

The Tara Oceans Expedition has provided large, publicly-accessible microbial metagenomic datasets from a circumnavigation of the globe. Utilizing several size fractions from the samples originating in the Mediterranean Sea, we have used current assembly and binning techniques to reconstruct 290 putative high-quality metagenome-assembled bacterial and archaeal genomes, with an estimated completion of ≥50%, and an additional 2,786 bins, with estimated completion of 0-50%. We have submitted our results, including initial taxonomic and phylogenetic assignments for the putative high-quality genomes, to open-access repositories (iMicrobe and FigShare) for the scientific community to use in ongoing research.
Non-asymptotic trends in the social facilitated survival of termites (Isoptera)

Survival of grouped termites is known to be socially facilitated, since individual times to death correlate positively with the number of termites confined per unit volume (= group density). Intuitively, this should attain an asymptote, but here we report on experimental evidence that survival as a function of group density in confined Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar) termites does not increase asymptotically. Rather, it peaks at a density range at which individual survival is maximal. Interestingly, this same pattern was noted more than fifty years ago for some social insects, but it was regarded as "aberrant" due to the intuitive notion that individual survival should increase asymptotically with the number of individuals in the group. We also provide evidence that individual activity -measured as mobility- is maximal at approximately the same group density range as the observed survival. We argue that a biological link exists between survival and individual mobility of termites confined in groups.
Deep chlorophyll-a maximum at one station in the middle Adriatic Sea

Deep or subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum (DCM) was studied at one station in the middle Adriatic from December 1996 to June 1998. Chlorophyll-a concentration, abundance, volume carbon concentration, size-fraction of phytoplankton and phytoplankton community structure were determined. In addition, physical and chemical factors as well as nutrients were determined. The DCM occurs during both the vertical mixing and stratification period in the middle Adriatic Sea. It is most frequent between 50 and 75 m. It is located below the pycnocline and it is associated with the nutricline. Phytoplankton size-fraction and community structure vary seasonally. The DCM is most pronounced during spring phytoplankton blooms with diatom dominance. Procaryotic picoplankton Synechococcus sp. was abundant in DCM during summer stratification. The DCM represents both a biomass maximum and a phytoplankton adaptation to low irradiance.
Lipid and fatty acid compositions of stream periphyton and stoneroller minnows (Campostoma anomalum) : trophic and environmental implications

Lipids and fatty acids were analyzed in the herbivorous minnow (Campostoma anomalum) and its predominant food (periphyton) in three streams in eastern Tennessee (East Fork Poplar Creek, Hinds Creek and White Oak Creek). Fatty acid markers were used to explore the trophic relationship between the fish and its algal food. C. anomalum are lipid-rich fish, with a high potential for uptake of hydrophobic pollutants. The mean lipid content of the minnows was 6.5 % of the wet weight in the carcasses, and 26.5 % of the digestive tract. The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the fish carcasses and guts were directly proportional to the lipid contents of these body portions. Microscopic examination of periphyton in the guts, and the analysis of fatty acid markers showed that green algae dominated periphyton ingested by the minnows in East Fork Poplar Creek (∼90 % of the ingested algal biomass was from chlorophytes). The fatty acid profiles of the minnow guts (including their gut contents), and their lipid stores in East Fork Poplar Creek also reflected extensive ingestion of green algae indicated by an abundance of a fatty acid marker α-linolenic acid (18:3ω3), at 13 % of the total fatty acids. A relatively low biomass of diatoms, and a correspondingly low concentration of a fatty acid characteristic of diatoms (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20: 5ω3) occurred in periphyton from both Hinds Creek and White Oak Creek. Nevertheless, taxonomic and lipid analyses of the minnow gut contents showed that in White Oak Creek diatoms constituted a disproportionately large share of the minnows' diet. The discrepancy in fatty acid profiles between the portion of periphyton in this stream and the gut contents of C. anomalum suggests that the minnows do not consume all portions of the periphyton equally. These results emphasize the applicability of fatty acid analysis to reveal trophic linkages in aquatic ecosystems.
Characterizing a Novel Role for the Cytokinesis Scaffolding Protein Anillin in Regulating Cell-cell Junctions.

23 Results and Discussion: . 23 Anillin localizes to cell-cell junctions in epithelial cells . 23 Anillin is required for proper adherens junction and tight junction structure . 24 Anillin is required for junctional integrity . 26 Anillin is necessary for proper distribution of Rho-GTP at cell-cell junctions . 26 Anillin scaffolds the apical actomyosin belt in epithelial cells . 27 Conclusions: . 28 Figures & Legends: . 31 Supplemental Material: . 38 Materials & Methods: . 45
Improvement of fruit set in almonds (Prunus dulcis (Miller) D.A. Webb) by applying three plant bioregulators in flowering

In this research, the in vitro influence of brassinosteroids, gibberellins and cytokinins on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of almond cultivars Non Pareil and Carmel was evaluated, as well as the effect on fruit set and kernel traits with orchard applications, in two flowering stages and two seasons. Favorable and significant results were determined after applying the three plant bioregulators in all the evaluated variables. The highest germination percentage was obtained with brassinolide at concentration of 10 mg L-1 (97.7%), while the control reached 90.9% in the Non Pareil cultivar. Kinetin in the concentration 50 uL L-1 reached the longest pollen tube, with 1243.4 um in the Carmel cultivar, after 8 hours; the control reached 917.7 um. The highest fruit set percentage was 31.0%, after applying kinetin at concentration 50 uL L-1, in the Non Pareil cultivar at pink bud stage; otherwise, the control application reached 16.7%. The longest kernel was obtained after applying brassinolide in the concentration of 30 mg L-1 (24.98 mm), while the widest kernel was obtained after applying kinetin in the concentration of 50 uL L-1 (15.05 mm), both at pink bud stage; the control reached 23,91 mm length and 14,71 mm wide. The highest kernel dry weight was obtained with brassinolide in the concentration 30 mg L-1 (1.45 g) in the pink stage, while the control reached 1.30 g. Conclusively, brassinosteroids, gibberellins and cytokinins applied in vitro improved significantly germination and pollen tube growth, while the orchard applications improved fruit set and kernel traits, showing a similar tendency with the concentratios used in the in vitro test.
Robots as Vectors for Marine Invasions: Best Practices for Minimizing Transmission of Invasive Species Via Observation-Class ROVs

Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) present a potential risk for the transmission of invasive species. This is particularly the case for small, low-cost microROVs that can be easily transported among ecosystems and, if not properly cleaned and treated, may introduce novel species into new regions. Here we present a set of 5 best-practice guidelines to reduce the risk of marine invasive species introduction for microROV operators. These guidelines include: educating ROV users about the causes and potential harm of species invasion; visually inspecting ROVs prior to and at the conclusion of each dive; rinsing ROVs in sterile freshwater following each dive; washing ROVs in a mild bleach (or other sanitizing agent) solution before moving between discrete geographic regions or ecosystems; and minimizing transport between ecosystems. We also provide a checklist that microROV users can incorporate into their pre- and post-dive maintenance routine.
THESE pour le DIPLOME D'ETAT DE DOCTEUR EN PHARMACIE

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