Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Cardiac stem cells].

WSTĘP Rewolucyjnym odkryciem ostatnich lat bylo doniesienie, ze miesien sercowy doroslych ludzi nie jest koncowo zroznicowanym narządem. Obalono dotychczasowy paradygmat, a nowa definicja określa serce jako organ o powolnym, ale zachowanym przez cale zycie potencjale regeneracyjnym [1]. Ocenia sie, ze u zdrowych osob na 106 kardiomiocytow przypada 14 komorek zdolnych do podzialu, a liczba ta znacznie wzrasta u osob z ostrym zawalem serca (AMI) i u pacjentow z kardiomiopatią [2]. Odkrycie to bylo silnym impulsem do rozpoczecia badan, ktorych ukoronowaniem mialo byc zregenerowanie uszkodzonego fragmentu miokardium i odwrocenie skutkow niewydolności serca. Dotychczas wielkie nadzieje wiązano z komorkami macierzystymi szpiku kostnego (BMCs, bone marrow-derived cells). Ogromny entuzjazm związany z mozliwościami terapeutycznymi zainicjowal serie badan klinicznych, mimo ze dane z eksperymentow przeprowadzonych na zwierzetach byly zbyt skąpe [3–8]. Wyniki uzyskane w badaniach klinicznych są niejednoznaczne [9–13], a wyniki metaanaliz wskazują, ze u pacjentow z AMI terapia BMCs przynosi korzyści w postaci miernego wzrostu (2–3%) frakcji wyrzutowej lewej komory (LVEF) [14], przy czym efekt ten jest silniej widoczny w grupie pacjentow z rozleglym zawalem [15]. Terapia zastoinowej niewydolności serca (CHF, congestive heart failure) za pomocą BMCs wykazuje podobną skutecznośc, jednak liczba badan jest tu znacznie mniejsza [16–18]. Istotny postep w dziedzinie terapii komorkowej stanowi odkrycie rezydentnych komorek macierzystych serca (CSC, cardiac stem cells). Ich obecnośc potwierdzono zarowno u zwierząt [19], jak i u ludzi [20, 21]. Odkrycie to stworzylo nowe perspektywy, szczegolnie w leczeniu CHF. Niniejszy artykul ma na celu przedstawienie obecnego stanu wiedzy na temat biologii i mozliwości zastosowania CSC w badaniach klinicznych.
Recent Advances on the Design of High-Gain Wideband Operational Transconductance Amplifiers

Feed-forward techniques are explored for the design of high-frequency Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs). For single-stage amplifiers, a recycling folded-cascode OTA presents twice the GBW (197.2 MHz versus 106.3 MHz) and more than twice the slew rate (231.1 V/µs versus 99.3 V/µs) as a conventional folded cascode OTA for the same load, power consumption, and transistor dimensions. It is demonstrated that the efficiency of the recycling folded-cascode is equivalent to that of a telescopic OTA. As for multistage amplifiers, a No-Capacitor Feed-Forward (NCFF) compensation scheme which uses a high-frequency pole-zero doublet to obtain greater than 90 dB DC gain, GBW of 325 MHz and better than 70° phase margin is discussed. The settling-time-of the NCFF topology can be faster than that of OTAs with Miller compensation. Experimental results for the recycling folded-cascode OTA fabricated in TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS, and results of the NCFF demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the feed-forward schemes.
Non‐specific binding of IgG1 to Heligmosomoides polygyrus: adult worm homogenate superantigen is a target for immunoglobulin‐induced inhibition

Previous evidence had indicated that selected antigens contained in H. polygyrus adult worm homogenate (AWH) could bind non‐specifically to mouse IgG1. To determine whether H. polygyrus superantigen was one of these binding molecules, an inhibition assay was carried out using monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to block the in vitro superantigen response. The results indicated that non‐specific IgG1 binding could inhibit the cellular response to the superantigen. This assumption was tested using affinity chromatography to extract those antigens which bound non‐specifically to mouse IgG1. Both the protein fraction which bound to the column and the unfractionated AWH demonstrated superantigen activity, as described previously. In contrast, the unbound fraction contained no superantigen activity. None of the tested fractions exhibited non‐specific mitogen activity. These results indicate that the superantigen produced by H. polygyrus binds to host IgG1 of any specificity and this binding can inhibit further host recognition of this molecule. Additionally, it was demonstrated that an apparently similar superantigen is also contained in L4 homogenate, and is strongly represented in the excretory/secretory (E/S) proteins produced by both adult and L4 parasitic stages. Therefore, it is probable that H. polygyrus superantigen influences the host during both the L4 and adult stages of the life‐cycle.
Uptake of Diamidine Drugs by the P2 Nucleoside Transporter in Melarsen-sensitive and -resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei(*)

The African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, possesses at least two nucleoside transporter systems designated P1 and P2, the latter being implicated in the selective uptake of melaminophenyl arsenical drugs. Since arsenical-resistant trypanosomes show cross-resistance in vivo to aromatic diamidines, we have investigated whether these drugs are also substrates for the P2 nucleoside transporter. In melarsen-sensitive T. b. brucei, the diamidines, including the commonly used trypanocides, pentamidine and berenil, were found to abrogate lysis induced by the P2 transport of melarsen oxide in vitro. Measurement of [ring-H]pentamidine transport in melarsen-sensitive T. b. brucei, demonstrated that uptake is carrier-mediated, with a K of 0.84 μM and a V of 9.35 pmol s (10 cells). Pentamidine transport appears to be P2-mediated in these cells, as pentamidine strongly inhibited uptake of [2′,5′,8-H]adenosine by the P2 transporter, with a K of 0.56 μM. Furthermore, [ring-H]pentamidine transport was blocked by a number of P2 transporter substrates and inhibitors, as well as by other diamidine drugs. Analysis of the uptake of pentamidine and other diamidines in melarsen-resistant trypanosomes in vitro and in vivo, which also show differential levels of resistance to these compounds in vivo, indicated that P2 transport was altered in these cells and that accumulation of these drugs was markedly reduced.
Two outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection associated with the consumption of fresh shell-egg products

SUMMARY In 1988 there were two outbreaks of infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in adjacent local authorities. The first affected 18 of 75 helpers and guests who attended a private function. Investigations revealed that home-made vanilla ice-cream containing uncooked eggs was the vehicle of infection and the causative organism was identified at the premises of the egg producer. The second affected 84 of 422 delegates attending a conference dinner, and 12 of 50 hotel staff at risk. A dessert made with lightly-cooked egg yolk and raw egg white was associated with infection, and the epidemic strain was cultured from the shell of an egg and an environmental sample from the producer's farm. It is of interest that one outbreak involved free-range and one battery-produced eggs, and that in one the vehicle was prepared at home and in the other in commercial premises. In neither incident was any deficiency in standards of egg production or catering practice discovered.
Social Distance metric: from coordinates to neighborhoods

ABSTRACT Choice of a distance metric is a key for the success in many machine learning and data processing tasks. The distance between two data samples traditionally depends on the values of their attributes (coordinates) in a data space. Some metrics also take into account the distribution of samples within the space (e.g. local densities) aiming to improve potential classification or clustering performance. In this paper, we suggest the Social Distance metric that can be used on top of any traditional metric. For a pair of samples x and y, it averages the two numbers: the place (rank), which sample y holds in the list of ordered nearest neighbors of x; and vice versa, the rank of x in the list of the nearest neighbors of y. Average is a contraharmonic Lehmer mean, which penalizes the difference between the numbers by giving values greater than the Arithmetic mean for the unequal arguments. We consider normalized average as a distance function and we prove it to be a metric. We present several modifications of such metric and show that their properties are useful for a variety of classification and clustering tasks in data spaces or graphs in a Geographic Information Systems context and beyond.
An evaluation index of voltage stability of distribution network considering DG

Aiming at the problems, of which distributed generation(DG) access has the influence on the grid voltage, a voltage stability evaluation index (FVSI) considering DG is proposed. The theoretical deduction and analysis process is given. Taking the typical circuit of IEEE33 node as an example, the simulation experiment is carried out in different proportion of DG. Through the comparative analysis of the experimental data, the validity of the proposed FVSI evaluation index is verified. The results show that this indicator can reflect the impact of DG access on the voltage distribution of the distribution network.
Acting on Anger

Oxytocin attenuates responses to stress and threat (e.g., by fostering social approach in animals), but direct investigations of whether the hormone also facilitates approach-related social behaviors in humans are lacking. To assess approach-avoidance tendencies, we had participants respond to images of happy and angry faces with direct or averted gaze by either pulling a joystick toward themselves (approach) or pushing it away from themselves (avoidance). When given a placebo, participants’ action tendencies were typical, with happy faces eliciting approach responses and angry faces eliciting avoidance responses. However, 24 IU of oxytocin moderated these tendencies, with the inclination to approach angry faces with direct gaze being negatively related to social anxiety. The results demonstrate that oxytocin facilitates approach in humans in response to social threat, which verifies its anxiolytic potential. Moreover, they underscore the moderating role of dispositional factors reported in endocrine research and their therapeutic implications.
Multicolor Karyotyping in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Cytogenetic data have significantly contributed to our understanding of the heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In AML, numerous recurrent chromosomal aberrations have been identified, and several of them, e.g. t(8;21)(q22;q22), t(15;17)(q22;q11-12), inv(16)(p13q22), are specific for distinct subgroups. Furthermore, chromosomal aberrations have proved to be of paramount prognostic importance for remission induction and survival. Chromosome analysis using classical cytogenetic banding techniques often fails to completely resolve complex karyotypes and cryptic translocations not identifiable by these techniques have been detected using molecular cytogenetic methods. While fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become an indispensable tool for screening and follow-up of known aberrations, the techniques of spectral karyotyping (SKY) and multiplex-fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) allow for the simultaneous visualization of all chromosomes of a metaphase in a single hybridization step, and thereby enable screening for the aberrations present without their prior knowledge. Therefore, with the introduction of these techniques in 1996 the comprehensive analysis of complex karyotypes and the identification of new, hitherto cryptic translocations and, ultimately, the identification of new disease subgroups seemed possible. Since, more than 600 cases of AML and MDS have been analyzed. Herein, we attempt to summarize the data published and discuss what has been achieved towards realization of these goals.
Without Consent: Moral Imperatives, Special Abilities, and the Duty to Treat

Loyola University Chicago School of Law Academic Director/Co-Director, Beazley Institute for Health Law and Policy (2016 – present) Georgia Reithal Professor of Law (2018 – present); Professor (2016–2018); Associate Professor (2014–2016); Assistant Professor (2009–2014) Courses: Torts; Introduction to Health Law; Bioethics Law and Policy; Health Justice Lab: End of Life; Constitutional Issues in Health Law; Comparative Health Law and Bioethics; Health Law Writing Competition Independent Study; Health Law L.L. M. Thesis Seminar Service: Faculty Appointments Council (2019 – present); Faculty Appointments Committee (2017–18; 2016–17 (chair); 2015–16; 2011–12); Internal Faculty Speaker Coordinator (2013–16); Beazley Chair in Health Law and Policy Search Committee (2013–14); Library Director Search Committee (2012–13); Dean’s Advisory Committee (2010–14); Clerkship Advisory Committee (2009 – present).
ADC mapping of normal human brain.

BACKGROUND The quantification of diffusion conditions in normal human brain has been gaining more and more attention since diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) was proved to be an important tool in the evaluation of cerebral pathologies, especially regarding the diagnosis of hyperacute stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and anisotropy index (AI) in normal human brain to evaluate physiological ADC values for an ADC mapping of different brain regions. MATERIAL/METHODS 22 regions of interest (ROIs) in the ADC maps of 53 volunteers showing no cerebral pathologies were measured in the gray and white matter of the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes, the corpus callosum, and the lateral ventricles. RESULTS Apparent diffusion is quite inhomogeneous for different brain regions. In both subcortical white matter (ADC: 525 x 10(-8) mm2/s, AI: 0.05) and in gray matter (ADC: 1486 x 10(-8) mm2/s, AI: 0.05) diffusion was isotropic, while in periventricular white matter (ADC: 408 x 10(-8) mm2/s, AI: 0.34) and the corpus callosum (ADC: 799 x 10(-8) mm2/s, AI: 0.77) anisotropic. CONCLUSIONS With the exception of children and young adults, ADC seems to be intra- and interindividually constant, with no sex or age dependency for the patient sample we investigated (mean age: 62+/-9.4 years). Hence the measurement of ADC may provide an index of lesion severity.
The diabetes educator: trying hard, but must concentrate more on behaviour

Current guidelines state that education is fundamental to help people with diabetes modify their lifestyle and prevent ill health and early death. However, many people with diabetes are not receiving adequate education. There is a widespread assumption that transferring knowledge will improve health outcomes but there is little empirical support for this assertion. Indeed, knowledge and behaviour are poorly correlated. Knowledge may be a necessary condition but is rarely a sufficient condition for behaviour change. Single interventions, cognitive or behavioural, have had disappointing results, unsurprisingly given the complexity of human behaviour. The most effective interventions are multifaceted and include education, behavioural and psychosocial elements, and target lifestyle change and factors such as self‐efficacy and empowerment. We advocate that educational interventions should have multiple components. They should aim to improve patients’ sense of self‐efficacy and empowerment, and build attitudes towards diabetes that will support the lifestyle changes needed for successful self‐management. These conclusions have implications for future research and clinical practice.
Implementation of mixed feedback/feedforward analog and digital AGC

AGC usually be used in receiver for regulating an arbitrary input-signal to some specified power level. Every kind of AGC form have themselves advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, some kinds of AGC are compared. Basis of the comparison, this paper describe a new AGC named as mixed feedback/feedforward analog and digital AGC, and implement the AGC in a RF receiver used in the wireless communication.
Regulation of Steroidogenic Genes by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone: Differential Responses of Cytochrome P450 Side-Chain Cleavage, Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein, and 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Isomerase in Rat Granulosa Cells1

Abstract The present study sought to characterize the concerted action of FSH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on functional differentiation of prepubertal rat ovarian granulosa cells in culture. To this end, we examined the regulation of three key genes encoding pivotal proteins required for progesterone biosynthesis, namely, side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc), steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3β-HSD). Time-dependent expression profiles showed that P450scc, StAR, and 3β-HSD gene products accumulate in chronic, acute, and constitutive patterns, respectively. Each of these genes responded to FSH and/or IGF-1 in a characteristic manner: A synergistic action of IGF-1 was indispensable for FSH induction of P450scc mRNA and protein; IGF-1 did not affect FSH-mediated upregulation of StAR products; and IGF-1 alone was enough to promote expression of 3β-HSD. The responsiveness of the genes to IGF-1 correlated well with their apparent susceptibility to the inhibitory impact of tyrphostin AG18, a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase receptors. Thus, IGF-1-dependent P450scc and 3β-HSD expression was completely arrested in the presence of AG18, whereas StAR expression was unaffected in the presence of tyrphostin. These findings suggest that FSH/cAMP signaling and IGF-1/tyrosine phosphorylation events are interwoven in rat ovarian cells undergoing functional differentiation. We also sought the mechanism of IGF-1 synergy with FSH. In this regard, our studies were unable to demonstrate a stabilizing effect of IGF-1 on P450scc mRNA, nor could IGF-1 augment FSH-induced transcription examined using a proximal region of the P450scc promoter (−379/+6). Thus, the mechanism of IGF-1 and FSH synergy remains enigmatic and provides a major challenge for future studies.
Energy Optimization for Outdoor Activity Recognition

The mobile phone is no longer only a communication device, but also a powerful environmental sensing unit that can monitor a user’s ambient context. Mobile users take their devices with them everywhere which increases the availability of persons’ traces. Extracting and analyzing knowledge from these traces represent a strong support for several applications domains, ranging from traffic management to advertisement and social studies. However, the limited battery capacity of mobile devices represents a big hurdle for context detection, no matter how useful the service may be. We present a novel approach to online recognizing users’ outdoor activities without depleting the mobile resources. We associate the places visited by individuals during their movements with meaningful human activities using a novel algorithm that clusters incrementally user’s moves into different types of activities. To optimize the battery consumption, the algorithm behaves variably on the basis of users’ behaviors and the remaining battery level. Studies using real GPS records from two big datasets demonstrate that the proposal is effective and is capable of inferring human activities without draining the phone resources.
Design, Optimization, and Prototyping of a Transverse Flux-Type-Switched Reluctance Generator With an Integrated Rotor

This paper presents the design, optimization, and prototyping of a transverse flux-type-switched reluctance generator (TFSRG) with an integrated rotor consisting of the main and permanent magnet (PM) auxiliary poles. In the initial model, an integrated rotor has a simple structure, consisting of one magnet core and a yoke bar. The yoke bar was radially laminated and inserted in the rotor yoke to minimize loss of the magnetic flux, which flows along the axial direction. We analyzed the cogging torque and back-EMF characteristics of the proposed TFSRG using the finite-element analyses (FEA). The cogging torque in the analysis results for the initial model of the proposed TFSRG was relatively high cogging. To reduce a cogging torque, both corners of the stator and PM auxiliary poles were optimized using a circular fillet shape. To satisfy a design condition, the design variables of a circular fillet shape were effectively determined using the optimization algorithm, and the initial and optimal models were compared with the analyzed results by a FEA for steady state and a dynamic performance simulation for transient state, respectively. To verify the analyzed results, an optimized prototype TFSRG was manufactured and measured. The measurement results were in good agreement with analysis results, and the output performance of the prototype was verified by the experiment set.
Incentive Compatible Income Taxation, Individual Revenue Requirements And Welfare

This paper introduces the classical Public Finance concept of taxation according to ability to pay in the set-up of standard optimal income tax models. The fundamental concept used is the specification of an individual revenue requirement function, a mapping from abilities to taxes. The discussion is centered on the derivation of a tax function on income such that agents of a given ability pay exactly the amount specified by the revenue requirement function. The construction of the tax function is achieved by using the differentiable approach to the revelation principle. A basic differential equation is generated from which the tax function is found. A discussion of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of this technique and an interpretation of the results in graphs are provided. A welfare ranking of the solutions is used to select the best tax function that implements the individual revenue requirements.
The Photically Evoked Afterdischarge: A Model for the Study of Drugs Useful in the Treatment of Petit Mai Epilepsy

Lightly restrained albino rats were administered dipropylacetic acid, trimethadione, diphenylhydantoin, saline, and a pentylenetetrazol challenge. The results were attributed to the locus of action of the anticonvulsants and strongly support the usefulness of the photically evoked afterdischarge as a model for the evaluation of thalamically active drugs, with particular reference to those useful in the control of petit mal epilepsy.
Substoichiometric binding of taxol suppresses microtubule dynamics.

We have measured the effects of taxol (10 nM to 1 microM) on the growing and shortening dynamics at the ends of individual bovine brain microtubules in vitro and have correlated the effects both with the stoichiometry of taxol binding to tubulin in microtubules and with the changes in the microtubule polymer mass. The results indicate that taxol suppresses microtubule dynamic instability differently depending upon the stoichiometry of taxol binding to the microtubules. At the lowest effective concentrations (< or = 100 nM), substoichiometric binding of taxol to tubulin in microtubules (between 0.001 and 0.01 mol of bound taxol/mol of tubulin in microtubules) potently and selectively suppresses the rate and extent of shortening at plus ends in association with some increase (28% to 60%) in the mass of microtubule polymer. At intermediate taxol concentrations (between 100 nM and 1 microM), the binding of additional taxol molecules to the microtubules (between 0.01 and 0.1 mol of taxol bound/mol of tubulin in microtubules) inhibits both growing and shortening events at both microtubule ends with no additional increase in microtubule polymer mass. At high taxol concentrations and high taxol binding stoichiometries (> or = 1 microM taxol and > or = 0.1 mol of taxol bound/mol of tubulin in microtubules), microtubule mass increases sharply and dynamics is almost completely suppressed. The data support the hypothesis that binding of a molecule of taxol to a tubulin subunit in microtubules induces a conformational change in that subunit that strongly reduces its ability to dissociate when the subunit becomes exposed at the microtubule end.