Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Copper(II)-promoted oxidation of mercaptocarboxylic acids. The characterization of disulphide- and oxalate-containing products. Crystal structures of [{Cu(bipy)(2,2′-dtdp)}n]·3nH2O and [{Cu(bipy)(3,3′-dtdp)}n]·2nH2O (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, dtdp = dithiodipropanoate)

The reaction of 2- and 3-mercaptopropanoic acids with an aqueous solution of 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) and copper(II) acetate dihydrate (molar ratio 1 : 2 : 1) under aerobic conditions yields the copper(II) disulphide complexes [{Cu(bipy)(2,2′-dtdp)}n]·3nH2O (2,2′-dtdp = 2,2′-dithiodipropanoate) and [{Cu(bipy)(3,3′-dtdp)}n]·2nH2O (3,3′-dtdp = 3,3′-dithiodipropanoate). Both complexes have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Crystals of the complex [{Cu(bipy)(2,2′-dtdp)}n]·3nH2O are triclinic, space group P, with a= 8.598(5), b= 10.378(6), c= 11.205(6)A, α= 96.43(5), β= 94.34(4), γ= 91.16(5)°, and Z= 2. The structure consists of crystallographically equivalent Cu(bipy)2+ units linked by 2,2′-dtdp ligands into infinite chains. The lattice water molecules participate in a hydrogen-bonding network that connects the 2,2′-dtdp ligands in adjacent chains. Each copper atom has a distorted square-pyramidal co-ordination geometry with the two bipy nitrogen and two carboxylate oxygen atoms in equatorial positions [Cu–N(1) 1.998(6), Cu–N(2) 2.008(6), Cu–O(1) 1.925(5), and Cu–O(3) 1.981 (5)A]. An apically bound disulphide sulphur completes the co-ordination sphere. The Cu–S distance [2.678(2)A] is considered to be at the short end of the range expected for axial Cu–S (disulphide) bond lengths. Crystals of the complex [{Cu(bipy)(3,3′-dtdp)}n]·2nH2O are monoclinic, space group P21/n, with a= 9.686(4), b= 9.409(3), c= 21.231 (4)A, β= 102.0(2)°, and Z= 4. The structure consists of crystallographically equivalent Cu(bipy)2+ centres linked by 3,3′-dtdp ligands into infinite zigzag chains. The chains are connected into sheets via carboxylate oxygen atoms which asymmetrically bridge adjacent copper atoms from neighbouring chains. The sheets are connected via a network of hydrogen bonds involving the lattice water molecules and carboxylate oxygen atoms. The copper atoms are in an irregular six-co-ordinate environment. The bipy nitrogens and two carboxylate oxygens occupy an approximate square plane [Cu–N(1) 1.988(3), Cu–N(2) 1.995(4) Cu–O(1) 1.934(3), and Cu–O(3) 1.961 (3)A]. Axial bonding is achieved by a bridging carboxylate oxygen [Cu–O(3′) 2.231 (4)A], which is also linked equatorially to an adjacent copper atom, and a weakly bound carboxylate oxygen (Cu–O(4) 2.826(5)A]. In contrast to the above results, the reaction of sodium mercaptoacetate with 2,2′-bipyridine and copper(II) acetate dihydrate results in desulphurization of the mercaptoacetate and formation of a ternary oxalate (OX) complex [Cu(bipy)(OX)]·2H2O.
CNC-Pincer Rare-Earth Metal Amido Complexes with a Diarylamido Linked Biscarbene Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity

In preparation of CNC-pincer rare-earth metal amido complexes with a diarylamido linked biscarbene ligand, it is found that conditions have a key influence on final products. Reaction of a THF suspension of bis[2-(3-benzylimidazolium)-4-methylphenyl]amine dichlorides (H3LCl2) with [(Me3Si)2N]3RE(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3 (RE = Yb, Eu, Sm) in THF at room temperature afforded the only unexpected fused-heterocyclic compound 8,9-dibenzyl-3,14-dimethyl-8a,9-dihydro-8H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[1,2-a]imidazo[2,1-c]quinoxaline (1) containing an imidazolyl ring and a piperidyl ring, which formed through carbene C–C and C–N coupling. However, the reaction of H3LCl2 with [(Me3Si)2N]3Er(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3 in toluene afforded the CNC-pincer erbium amido complex incorporating a diarylamido linked biscarbene ligand LEr[N(SiMe3)2]2 (2) in low yield and the above fused-heterocyclic compound 1. The stepwise reaction of H3LCl2 with strong bases (n-BuLi or LiCH2SiMe3) in THF for 4 h, followed by treatment with [(Me3Si)2N]3RE(μ-Cl).
Sustainable Production, Non-Tariff Measures, and Trade Performance in RCEP Countries

The main objective of this paper is to reinvestigate the impacts of non-tariff measures (NTMs) on bilateral exports among Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) countries. The study adds to the literature in two areas. First, we calculate coverage ratios for NTMs related to specific sustainable development goals (SDGs) imposed on bilateral trade between RCEP member countries. Second, to avoid aggregation bias, the analysis covers four major sectors, namely agrifood, health, logistics, and other manufacturing. The results of a Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) regression in a gravity model, using average import data from 2016 to 2018 at the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding Systems (HS) two-digit level (97 subsectors), show that the effects of SDG-related NTMs vary by sector. NTMs related to SDG 3 (good health and well-being) distort trade in health but enhance trade in logistics. NTMs related to SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production) have a negative impact on logistics but a positive impact on other manufacturing exports. The findings provide new perspectives on the varying impacts of SDG-related NTMs on trade. Interestingly, the study finds that NTMs addressing SDGs 3 and 12 have positive trade impacts. Policymakers should, however, regulate NTM implementation, to minimize negative impacts and ensure that domestic firms comply to promote sustainable production.
Analysis of burst release of proxyphylline from poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels

The initial high-rate drug release observed at the beginning of many controlled-release processes can be caused by a number of mechanisms, including surface desorption, pore diffusion, or the lack of a diffusion front barrier to regulate the diffusive process. This initial nonsteady-state period is usually referred to as "burst release. " A small molecular size drug, proxyphylline, was used as a model solute to study the burst release of a drug from swellable hydrogels based on cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The influences of several factors, including drug loading concentration, initial cross-linking ratio of the polymer, initial swollen state of the hydrogel samples, pore diffusion of the drug versus swelling of the hydrogel at the beginning of the release, and osmotic pressure, were investigated to understand the burst behavior. Results show that high drug loading and low cross-linking ratio of the polymer led to more pronounced bursts. Compared to release experiments starting with relaxed samples, samples in dry states had magnified burst effects, but prolonged the release process. Pore diffusion of the drug at the initial stage and the osmotic pressure were shown not to be effective factors leading to burst release within the range of the experimental conditions of this study.
A psychometric evaluation of the brief resilience scale among tertiary students in Singapore

ABSTRACT Although the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) has been extensively adapted worldwide, work on the generalizability of the original English BRS to Asian populations remains limited. This research evaluated the psychometric properties of the English BRS through two studies with Singaporean undergraduate freshmen (Study 1 n = 839; Study 2 n = 1,068) using Rasch analyses. Seven key areas (dimensionality, item properties, person responses, targeting, reliability, item bias and rating scale functioning) were investigated for validity evidence of the BRS based on test content, response processes and internal structure. Results from both studies consistently support the English BRS as an adequately valid tool to provide invariant interval measures of resilience in Singaporean university students, although future refinements of the BRS may consider additional items at higher difficulty levels for better targeting and distinction of resilience levels.
Escrita colaborativa: bullying escolar na educação profissional técnica

Atividades colaborativas favorecem o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem e, especificamente em relacao a producao escrita em lingua inglesa, elas exigem dos estudantes o uso de competencias linguisticas, sociais e de senso critico, o que aumenta a necessidade de tomar decisoes, de se arriscar, de compreender o outro e de resolver problemas. Alem disso, elas promovem a valorizacao do “individuo” na coletividade, o aprendizado politico, o empoderamento sociocultural, sentimento de pertencimento, e a possibilidade de interacao social (OLIVEIRA, 2017). Por meio da colaboracao, os alunos aprendem a analisar as semioses, a se posicionarem no mundo como pessoas, para a construcao de identidades culturais individuais e sociais. Este trabalho e um recorte da pesquisa Escrita Colaborativa no Ensino e Aprendizagem de Lingua Inglesa que busca compreender sob a otica das teorias de ensino/aprendizagem de linguas estrangeiras, o impacto de tarefas escritas em coautoria no aprendizado dos alunos. Os dados foram coletados em um laboratorio de ensino de linguas do Ensino Medio Tecnico de um Instituto Federal por meio de producoes escritas em coautoria no Google Docs, gravacoes em audio e video. As analises tem foco no conteudo dos textos (BARDIN, 1977), na analise lexical e no processo de construcao do genero evidente nas interacoes orais para a execucao da tarefa. Os resultados apontam que as atividades de producao escrita colaborativa propiciam aos alunos a oportunidade de refletir e discutir questoes inerentes ao texto no que diz respeito aos assuntos, a questoes de cunho critico, politico, sociolinguistico e textual. Elas promovem a autonomia, a motivacao e, como resultado, os textos apresentam mais qualidade na precisao gramatical e no nivel de complexidade.
Teachers’ exposure to professional development and the quality of their instructional technology use: The mediating role of teachers’ value and ability beliefs

Abstract One way to help teachers use technology effectively is through professional development (PD). However, understanding of how exposure to PD relates to teachers’ personal characteristics is limited. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationships among PD exposure, teachers’ abilities and values, and teachers’ quality of technology integration according to Bloom’s taxonomy. By surveying 724 middle and high school teachers, and using structural equation modeling, this study showed that values mediate the influence of PD exposure on technology integration. Results suggest that PD may be most effective when targeting improving teachers’ values in addition to enhancing technology-related skills.
Research on the Traditional Architecture Types of Huai’an Canal

To provide a useful exploration for expanding the research field of traditional regional architecture and making up for the lack of canal research in the field of architecture, the author studies the traditional architecture types of the Huai’an Canal. According to different functions, the traditional architectures of the Huai’an Canal are divided into three main types of residential buildings, public buildings and hydraulic buildings. On the basis of field research, each architecture type is further classified. Through the analysis of typical examples, the internal connection between it and the canal is summarized.
Endophytic fungi for biological control of whitefly and tomato leaf miner in Tanzania

Tomato whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and leaf miners (Tuta absoluta) are devastating pests of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Pest management using broad spectrum synthetic pesticides is discouraged due to harmful effects on human health and the environment. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of endophytic fungi as bioextracts against tomato whiteflies and leaf miners, as an alternative to synthetic insecticides in Tanzania. The study was done using morphological and molecular techniques, during January 2019 to February 2020 in Arusha region in Tanzania. Three endophyte isolates from pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) were identified with resemblance to members of Fusarium sp and Altenaria sp, by 90 and 82 % similarity, respectively; based on phylogenetic clustering patterns and macro- and micro-morphological characteristics. Bioextracts from endophytes of lemon grass leaves (Elg1); and pyrethrum flowers (Epf1) and leaves (Epl1), showed significant repellency properties (F0.05 (df, 15) = 27.052, P = 0.0001) on whiteflies by 54, 76 and 36%, respectively. They also caused significant lethality (F0.05 (df, 11) = 59.559, P = 0.0001) of tomato leaf miner larvae and whiteflies (F0.05 (df, 11) = 53.600, P = 0.0001). The underlying effect was attributed to possession of flavonoid and total phenolics as active ingredients in the bioextracts. This was commensurate to the levels flavonoid and total phenolic contents, which were considerably more in bioextracts of lemon grass and pyrethrum flower (F0.05 (df, 8) = 10.35, P = 0.0114) and (F0.05 (df, 8) = 40.84, P = 0.0003, respectively), than in pyrethrum leaves.
Tunnel Point Cloud and BIM Model Integration for Cross-section Monitoring

This paper introduces a method for tunnel point cloud and BIM model integration and cross-section monitoring, providing information to analyse tunnel cross-sections and surrounding rock deformation, and support for tunnel maintenance and reconstruction. Three types of data are processed for the integration: laser scanning point cloud, BIM tunnel model and terrain model from oblique photogrammetry. An adaptive BIM modelling scheme is proposed for tunnels with alien structures. Precise spatial registration of the data sets is conducted by applying singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm to calculate transformation parameters from the point cloud model to the BIM model. Since the tunnel central line has high-order derivability, a crosssection calculation method based on tangent vector is proposed to obtain the cross-sectional profile of tunnels at any mileage. The proposed method has been verified by applying it to a tunnel reconstruction project. The experiment results show that the tunnel point cloud and the BIM model were highly coincident after the integration. The developed program can effectively get the cross-section of the tunnel at any mileage, and correctly express the spatial relationship between the BIM tunnel, the point cloud of tunnel and the external mountainous terrain.
Diffuse scattering from a Li–Mn oxide disorderly stacked through flocculation of exfoliated nanosheets

A new type of layered Li–Mn oxide has been synthesized through flocculation of delaminated MnO2 nanosheets with Li ions. X-ray powder diffraction patterns show remarkable broadening of reflections. Diffuse scattering was simulated using the matrix method, taking into account the probability of stacking with different shift vectors. A satisfactorily good fit of the simulated pattern to the observed one was obtained assuming a layer sequence with (1/3)a + (2/3)b, which produces trigonal prismatic sites for guest species; this had a probability around 24% and the other stacking modes were random.
Investigation of Hydrogel Formation from Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) by NMR Spectroscopy and NMR Imaging Techniques

NMR imaging has been used to investigate the in situ swelling behavior of 2-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) tablets in a sample geometry chosen for the simplicity of its diffusion behavior. Preliminary 1H NMR spectroscopy experiments were performed on equilibrated mixtures of HPMC and water. From these, the dependence of the 1H T1 and T2 relaxation parameters of the water protons with respect to HPMC weight percent were obtained. Further analysis of the T2 values and 1H z-spectroscopic data revealed that as the polymer concentration was increased from 10% to 20% w/w HPMC, the polymer mobility decreased substantially. One-dimensional NMR imaging of 1H in the swelling tablet system was used to monitor the movement of water into the polymer and to calculate the T2 parameters across the system. HPMC weight percents were calculated from these T2 values using the previously determined calibration. HPMC distributions were determined for two tablet thicknesses. Similar swelling behavior was observed for both .
What Is so Special about Forensic Psychiatric Professionals? Towards a Definition of Forensic Vigilance in Forensic Psychiatry

ABSTRACT Forensic professionals have a unique role due to the precarious balance between providing care and enforcing control. In the Netherlands, the term “forensische scherpte”, which we translated as “forensic vigilance”, is widely used to indicate a core competency professionals require during work in forensic psychiatric settings. However, a clear definition and understanding of the construct is lacking, which hinders theory building, measurement, research and training. The current study aimed to capture this concept and provide a first definition. Thirty statements about possible aspects of forensic vigilance were formulated. Participants (N = 700) were forensic psychiatric professionals. By means of an online survey, participants had to indicate how much they endorsed each statement by means of a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ranging from “totally disagree” at 0 mm to “totally agree” at 100 mm. The most endorsed statements included “Forensic vigilance is being able to recognize even subtle signs of impending danger/possible escalation” and “Forensic vigilance is daring to be assertive”. Fifteen statements were endorsed with a mean of 70 mm or more. Cronbach’s α of these 15 items was good (α =.844; αrange .828 –.845). The professionals regarded forensic vigilance as highly important (µ = 89.01 mm out of 100) for their work. Further research will include testing a newly constructed 15-item instrument for measuring forensic vigilance, and explore its relationship with personal and professional characteristics.
The use of different 17β-estradiol hormone doses and water temperatures to control cannibalism in catfish Clarias gariepinus seed

Cannibalism is a major problem in the intensive catfish hatchery that caused high mortality. This phenomenon is allegedly due to the high level of testosterone hormones in the early larvae and seed stages. Testosterone is a maternal steroid hormone that is transferred directly by the parent to the egg. Catfish broodstock has high testosterone levels during the gonad maturation phase and it enters the eggs during the process of vitellogenesis. A high level of testosterone is considered to cause catfish seeds to behave aggressively and subsequently encourage cannibalism. This testosterone level may be reduced by estrogen through a negative feedback mechanism. This experiment aimed to evaluate the use of several 17β-estradiol doses at different water temperatures to control cannibalism in catfish seeds. This experiment used two factors, i.e. 17β-estradiol doses (0, 20, and 50 mg/kg) coated in the diet and water temperatures (28 and 31°C). The results showed that 17β-estradiol levels in catfish seeds increased with increasing experimental length. The use of 17β-estradiol at low water temperature (28°C) was better in decreasing mortality, while the dose of 50 mg/kg17β-estradiol which applied at 28°C was the best combination in controlling cannibalism on catfish seeds.
A Clustering-Based Hybrid Support Vector Regression Model to Predict Container Volume at Seaport Sanitary Facilities

An accurate prediction of freight volume at the sanitary facilities of seaports is a key factor to improve planning operations and resource allocation. This study proposes a hybrid approach to forecast container volume at the sanitary facilities of a seaport. The methodology consists of a three-step procedure, combining the strengths of linear and non-linear models and the capability of a clustering technique. First, a self-organizing map (SOM) is used to decompose the time series into smaller clusters easier to predict. Second, a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving averages (SARIMA) model is applied in each cluster in order to obtain predicted values and residuals of each cluster. These values are finally used as inputs of a support vector regression (SVR) model together with the historical data of the cluster. The final prediction result integrates the prediction results of each cluster. The experimental results showed that the proposed model provided accurate prediction results and outperforms the rest of the models tested. The proposed model can be used as an automatic decision-making tool by seaport management due to its capacity to plan resources in advance, avoiding congestion and time delays.
Role of mass diffusion and water desorption on optical clearing of biological tissue immersed with the hyperosmotic agents

In order to understand the role of water desorption and mass transport process in optical clearing effect on gastric tissues with the application of hyperosmotic agents, the porcine stomach tissues (pyloric mucosa) applied topically with glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are investigated with the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Three solutions of 80% and 50% glycerol, and 50% DMSO are studied, all of which shows significant improvement in light transmittance and thus reduction of the light scattering of tissue. Among the solutions investigated, the best clearing effect is achieved by 80% glycerol in terms of the light penetration. Light transmittance is increased by approximately 23% and diffuse reflectance decreased by approximately 24% at 30 min after the topical application of 80% glycerol. 50% DMSO is more effective than 50% glycerol only at the beginning stage, thereafter the rate of optical clearing is slowed down with time. Although DMSO can enhance the light transmittance and thus reduce the scattering, it has a negligible effect on the imaging contrast improvement. The mass transport process of agent to tissue accounts for the different clearing effects for glycerol and DMSO, respectively. We conclude that the optical clearing by the hyper-osmotic agent is strongly correlated with the water desorption kinetics induced by agent and the agent mass transport process within tissue.
Interest in online supports and brief self-help interventions among cannabis using Canadian university students

Abstract Only a fraction of problematic cannabis users ever seek treatment from specialty addiction services. This gap could be reduced via online brief interventions and self-help resources; however, it is not clear whether cannabis users would be interested in accessing those tools. We examined whether cannabis use, motives for using cannabis, and protective behavioral strategies predicted hypothetical interest in accessing online self-help resources. We hypothesized that greater interest in accessing self-help materials would be predicted by (1) problematic cannabis use, (2) using cannabis to cope with negative affect, and (3) fewer cannabis-related protective behaviors. These predictions were tested in a secondary analyses of data from 649 cannabis-using Canadian university students (42.5% male; M age = 22.5) participating in a population survey. Data were analyzed using set wise hierarchical multiple linear regression models to predict hypothetical interest in online self-help resources, from cannabis use, motives, and protective behaviors. Problematic cannabis users reported more interest in hypothetically accessing online supports than non-problematic users. Problematic cannabis use, coping, and expansion motives, and protective behaviors were positively associated with hypothetical interest in accessing online resources. Findings suggest that online self-help interventions might be an effective public health approach to reduce cannabis use among Canadian university students.