Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A framework for broad‐scale classification of hydrologic response units on the Boreal Plain: is topography the last thing to consider?

K. Devito,1* I. Creed,2 T. Gan,3 C. Mendoza,4 R. Petrone,5 U. Silins6 and B. Smerdon4 1 University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada 2 University of Western Ontario, Department of Biology, London, Ontario, Canada 3 University of Alberta, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2W2, Canada 4 University of Alberta, Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada 5 Wilfrid Laurier University, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada 6 University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada
The effects of mannanoligosaccharide and organic zinc on some electrocardiographic and haematologic parameters in broilers.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and organic zinc (Zn) supplementation on some electrocardiographic and hematologic parameters in broilers. A total of 60, Ross-308 one-day-old male broiler chickens were used. Chicks were divided into 1 control and 3 treated groups. The control group was fed a basal diet without supplements of MOS and organic Zn. In treated groups, MOS (1 g/kg), organic Zn (80 ppm) and MOS (1 g/kg) + organic Zn (80 ppm) were added into the basal diet. At the end of the 42-day treatment period, some electrocardiographic and haematological parameters were determined. The duration of T (P-T) wave and QT interval in MOS treatment group were significantly decreased (P<0.05) as compared with control. The durations of PR interval in organic Zn group and group supplemented with MOS + organic Zn was significantly higher as compared with control. The mean electrical axis in MOS group shifted leftward (-35.87°) in the frontal plane (P<0.05). The hematocrit values in MOS and organic Zn treatment groups were significantly lower (P<0.05) than in control and the H/L ratio in organic Zn group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than in control. The results showed that the supplementation of MOS and organic Zn to the diet of broilers resulted in marked effects on some electrocardiographic and haematological parameters.
Cell-block in EUS Guided FNA-Best method in a Resource ConstraintSetting?

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has emerged as an effective tool for diagnosing suspected gastro-entero-pancreatic lesions. On site Diff stained smears though have improved the diagnostic accuracy, search have always been made for an effective method of cell block preparation in these cases where diagnosis can further be supplemented by immunohistochemistry (IHC) use.
Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of IFRS Adoption on Disclosure Quality and Earnings Management

This study investigates the effect of IFRS adoption on the transparency of financial reporting in Germany. Using a sample of listed companies ranging from 1995 to 2012, we separately analyze the effect of IFRS adoption on disclosure quality and the degree of earnings management. We use disclosure quality scores of an annual report ‘beauty contest’ published by the German business journal manager magazin to proxy for disclosure quality and discretionary accruals from the Kothari et al. (2005) model to proxy for the degree of earnings management. We hypothesize and find that IFRS adoption is associated with an increase in disclosure quality and with an increase in the extent of earnings management. Although these results seem confounding in the light of the assumed superiority of IFRS over German GAAP, we argue that low compliance, lack of experience and weak enforcement in the early years of IFRS adoption drive the latter result. Based on this notion, we show that the degree of earnings management decreases significantly from the early to the mature phase of IFRS reporting. Finally, we show that disclosures have the potential to constrain earnings management.
Characterization of soybean population with sulfonylurea herbicides tolerant alleles

With the introduction of commercial soybean genotypes with Als1 and Als2 alleles that confer tolerance to different active ingredients of sulfonylurea group, this work aims to test soybean populations for the presence/absence of Als1 and Als2 alleles and evaluate the agronomic impact of these alleles addition. These trials were conducted in experimental stations of DuPont Pioneer at Sorriso, Mato Grosso state and Planaltina, Federal District. Four populations were evaluated with 40 genotypes each; 10 genotypes without Als1 and Als2 (null), 10 genotypes containing Als1, 10 containing Als2 and 10 genotypes containing both alleles. These populations were tested for different traits. The grain yield average at Planaltina and Sorriso were 2888 and 2456 kg ha-1, respectively. Yield for the genotypic classes null, Als1, Als2 and Als1+Als2 were 2672, 2671, 2631 and 2657 kg ha-1, respectively, and they were not statistically different from each other. Also, the other traits indicated similar behavior among classes. As the studied populations were developed for this study, they were inferior than the checks. This work demonstrated that in the four studied populations, the addition of Als1 and/or Als2 alleles did not cause significant differences in the evaluated traits. Key words: Glycine max L. , Als1, Als2, grain yield.
Turbulent Flow: Analysis, Measurement and Prediction

Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Preliminaries. 2. Overview of Turbulent Flow Physics and Equations. 3. Experimental and Numerical Methods. 4. Properties of Bounded Turbulent Flows. 5. Properties of Turbulent Free Shear Flows. 6. Turbulent Transport. 7. Theory of Idealized Turbulent Flows. 8. Turbulence Modeling. 9. Applications of Turbulence Modeling. 10. Large Eddy Simulations. 11. Analysis of Turbulent Scalar Fields. 12. Turbulence Theory. Author Index. Subject Index.
Integrated Action Plan for Lake Inba-numa Watershed Management

Lake Inba-numa is located in the northwestern part of Chiba Prefecture in Japan. Its water quality has been deteriorating rapidly since the mid-1960s due to the urbanization in the watershed. In October of 2001, Chiba Prefecture Government launched the Committee for Lake Inba-numa Watershed Management: Wherein, we are to discuss measures to be taken for the lake’s water quality conservation from various perspectives. In February of 2004, Chiba Prefecture Government drew up the Emergency Action Plan after our minute argument in the committe. As members of the Committee, we are now implementing various types of measures. In order to implement the plan, we are taking the “Mitameshi (or Trial and Error)” actions in model areas: First, we selected important measures that were suggested in the planning stage; Second, in cooperation with the local residents, we took the selected measures intensively and adaptively on the model areas; Third, we made the watershed-wide efforts that had been extended from the limited-area efforts in the second stage. Further, we are addressing vegetation regrowth in Lake Inba-numa, for it will be able to regain its biological purification of the water. At the moment, we are conducting experiments on the regrowth of submerged plant communities with their seed banks, construction of the aquatic plant vegetation area, and the drawback of the water level of the whole lake. We present our plan and actions for Lake Inba-numa as an example of an advanced watershed management approach to an enclosed water area with poor water quality. We sincerely hope that our approach will be of immense help to those who need solve similar problems with watersheds in the East Asia region.
Net Indirect Taxes and Sectoral Structure of Economy

Usually, the sectoral structure of economy is measured as weights of the main branches - a) in the total gross value added or b) in the gross domestic product. Vector b differs from vector a by the sectoral net indirect taxes, as shown in the Input-Output Tables of Romania. This issue has been explored using the Input-Output Tables of Romania for almost a quarter of a century. The primary information that resulted from the extended branch nomenclatures (from 90 to 105 positions in different years) has been aggregated into ten sectors. The series were methodologically homogenized according to the last Eurostat classification The comparative analysis involved five structural coefficients derived from the Euclidean 1-norm distance, Bhattacharyya coefficient, Hellinger distance, Cosine similarity coefficient, and the so-called Jaccard index. Some computational problems of estimating - as autoregressive processes - the sectoral rates of the net indirect taxes are also examined.
Designing and Developing the Prenatal Care Scale based on Health Belief Model

Aim: The aim of this study was to design a tool and to assess its validity and reliability based on native culture characterization to evaluate the health belief model (HBF) constructs about prenatal care. Methods: 215 pregnant women covered by the health centers of Iranshahr in the age group of 18-35 years and the least ability of reading and writing participated in this cross sectional study. After reviewing the literature, the tool was designed, and its validity and reliability were approved based on psychometric data of the target group and the view of a panel of experts through calculating the content validity ratio, content validity index, exploratory factor analysis, and internal consistency. Findings: The validity of 42 items was assessed through calculating the index score of the item effect above 1.5, content validity ratio more than 0.80, and content validity index higher than 0.79. By using exploratory factor analysis with a special value greater than 1, six factors and 35 items remained that were classified into six categories based on the literature review and content items, which were able to predict 77.095 % of the total variance of the tool. The reliability of the research tool was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha equal to 0.816. Conclusion: The results of this study provide proper evidence about the s trength of structural factors and the reliability of the assessment tool for the structures of HBM about prenatal care. It can be considered by the researchers in developing a tool for research, education and action.
ANTECEDENTS OF BRAND IMAGE: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL

The antecedents of brand image are defined as the differential effect of brand knowledge on consumer response to the marketing of the brand. It is now widely acknowledged by organizations that strong brand image will create a competitive advantage in the marketplace that will enhance their overall reputation and credibility. Indeed, recent trends in modern marketing have changed enormously, and study of antecedents of brand image is increasingly becoming significant to keep pace with this change. In this conceptual paper, we have summarized the literatures on currently prevailing concepts and approaches on brands that will allow us to identify the antecedents of brand image, and therefore will help organizations to enhance their marketing efficiency. Based on a comprehensive review of several earlier works, here we propose a plausible model for the antecedents of brand image in sequential order, namely, awareness of the brand, association of the brand, superiority of the brand, affection of the brand, resonance of the brand and corporate social responsibility. In this review, we put forward the notion that the antecedents of brand image attempt need to be associated with organizational processes which will conceptualize according to an associative network of memory model through organizational activities.
FRANCUSKI NAZIVI TIPOGRAFSKIH VELIČINA U HRVATSKOM JEZIKU FRENCH TYPOGRAPHY TERMS IN CROATIAN LANGUAGE

The linguistic analysis that was carried out has shown that certain typographic units in the Croatian language originated in the French language. Those loan words have suffered certain semantic changes on their way from the source language to the receiving language. Models that some gallicisms are based on and which are a part of the Croatian typography terminology are considered archaic in French and are not in use any more. The influence of German as an intermediary language has also been strongly emphasized.
Validation of MIPAS IMK/IAA temperature, water vapor, and ozone profiles with MOHAVE-2009 campaign measurements

Abstract. MIPAS observations of temperature, water vapor, and ozone in October 2009 as derived with the scientific level-2 processor run by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK) and CSIC, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) and retrieved from version 4.67 level-1b data have been compared to co-located field campaign observations obtained during the MOHAVE-2009 campaign at the Table Mountain Facility near Pasadena, California in October 2009. The MIPAS measurements were validated regarding any potential biases of the profiles, and with respect to their precision estimates. The MOHAVE-2009 measurement campaign provided measurements of atmospheric profiles of temperature, water vapor/relative humidity, and ozone from the ground to the mesosphere by a suite of instruments including radiosondes, ozonesondes, frost point hygrometers, lidars, microwave radiometers and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrometers. For MIPAS temperatures (version V4O_T_204), no significant bias was detected in the middle stratosphere; between 22 km and the tropopause MIPAS temperatures were found to be biased low by up to 2 K, while below the tropopause, they were found to be too high by the same amount. These findings confirm earlier comparisons of MIPAS temperatures to ECMWF data which revealed similar differences. Above 12 km up to 45 km, MIPAS water vapor (version V4O_H2O_203) is well within 10% of the data of all correlative instruments. The well-known dry bias of MIPAS water vapor above 50 km due to neglect of non-LTE effects in the current retrievals has been confirmed. Some instruments indicate that MIPAS water vapor might be biased high by 20 to 40% around 10 km (or 5 km below the tropopause), but a consistent picture from all comparisons could not be derived. MIPAS ozone (version V4O_O3_202) has a high bias of up to +0.9 ppmv around 37 km which is due to a non-identified continuum like radiance contribution. No further significant biases have been detected. Cross-comparison to co-located observations of other satellite instruments (Aura/MLS, ACE-FTS, AIRS) is provided as well.
Recent Overview of Solar Photocatalysis and Solar Photo-Fenton Processes for Wastewater Treatment

This literature research, although not exhaustive, gives perspective to solar-driven photocatalysis, such as solar photo-Fenton and solar photocatalysis, reported in the literature for the degradation of aqueous organic pollutants. Parameters that influence the degradation and mineralization of organics like catalyst preparation, type and load of catalyst, catalyst phase, pH, applied potential, and type of organic pollutant are addressed. Such parameters may also affect the photoactivity of the catalysts used in the studied solar processes. Solar irradiation is a renewable, abundant, and pollution-free energy source for low-cost commercial applications. Therefore, these solar processes represent an environmentally friendly alternative mainly because the use of electricity can be decreased/avoided.
Determination of the number of sapwood annual rings in oak in the region of southern Moravia

The paper deals with the determination of the number of sapwood annual rings in oak ( Quercus sp.) in relation to altitude, locality and stand age. Several different groups of samples were used from two localities of south- ern Moravia. The results of the study demonstrate the effects of site water regime and age on the growth of sapwood annual rings. On the other hand, the effect of altitude was not proved. The information can be of crucial importance for the dendrochronological dating of an incomplete sample for particular regions where sapwood is partly or totally missing.
The beginning of a new era: Using design thinking to identify dimensions for product assessment

A careful user needs assessment is one of the essential factors in the successful development of new products and services. Strategies for need assessment are often used to assess and select ideas during the idea generation phase of the new product development process. However, there is still a large gap between evaluating ideas and evaluating the performance of a product according to the user’s needs. To address that gap, this paper aims to formulate propositions and identify key insights on how to evaluate the performance of new products according to the user’s needs from a design perspective. Towards our aim, we conducted 10 in-depth interviews with design thinking professionals from Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) in order to identify relevant concepts that could be used for product assessment. The findings provide preliminary results of how to link need assessment in product performance and idea selection in design thinking. This research intends to contribute to the literature by advancing the discussions on need assessment in new product performance by adding new perspectives from design.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW PAST TWO CYLINDERS ARRANGED SIDE BY SIDE

Pairs of circular cylinders immersed in a cross-flow are encountered in many engineering applications. The cylinders may be arranged in tandem, side-by-side, or staggered configurations. Wake and proximity interference effects, which are determined primarily by the longitudinal and transverse spacing between the cylinders, and also by the Reynolds number, have a strong influence on the flow patterns, aerodynamic forces, vortex shedding, and other parameters. This paper reviews the understanding of the flow around two circular cylinders of equal diameter immersed in a cross-flow at low Reynolds number (Re).
Dispersal Behavior of Diamond-Backed Terrapin Post-Hatchlings

Abstract Post-emergence dispersal behavior of hatchling turtles has been investigated in several species, and a variety of species-specific orientation patterns have been reported. In the current study, we examined the orientation and dispersal behavior of hatchling, post-hatchling, and yearling Malaclemys terrapin pileata (Mississippi Diamond-backed Terrapin) by utilizing an orientation arena on two natural nesting beaches. Each age group displayed strong orientation and dispersal towards high-marsh vegetation instead of open water. The results suggest an innate behavior in young Diamond-backed Terrapins in which they orient from open beach areas toward vegetated marsh areas. The results also stress the importance of having healthy marsh habitat adjacent to nesting areas to provide critical habitat for these vulnerable life-history stages of Diamond-backed Terrapins.
Designating Smoking Room to Control Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Nursing Homes

This study was initiated to assess the effectiveness of designating smoking rooms to control environmental tobacco smoke in nursing homes. Of the 39 nursing homes located in Toledo (a city in Ohio, USA) included in the preliminary survey, 33 facilities (85%) allowed smoking, 14 facilities (36%) allowed indoor smoking, and 13 facilities (33%) provided a designated smoking area. Three of these 13 nursing homes with similar levels of care agreed to participate in study that was more comprehensive. The levels of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide (CO2), respirable suspended particulate matter, nicotine, and solanesol were monitored at three locations within three nursing homes: a designated smoking room with an independent ventilation system, the adjacent hallway and outside the building. The concentrations of air contaminants, except CO2, inside the designated smoking rooms were significantly higher than those in the hallways or outside. The concentration of CO2 was similar in the smoking rooms and the hallways but significantly higher than the concentration outside. The levels of ambient air temperature or relative humidity within the three locations were not generally different. The results indicated that the designation of a smoking room with an independent ventilation system was effective in controlling the environmental tobacco smoke in these nursing homes.
Botanical Sampling Gaps Across the Cameroon Mountains

With the emergence of a new field, biodiversity informatics, an important task has been to evaluate completeness of biodiversity information that is existing and available for various countries and regions. This paper offers a first and very basic assessment of sampling gaps and inventory completeness across the Cameroon Mountains. Because digital accessible knowledge is severely limited for the region, we relied on qualitative evaluations of inventory completeness, supplemented by large amounts of data from the National Herbarium of Cameroon (YA) database. Detailed botanical inventories have been developed for Mt Cameroon, the Kupe-Mwanenguba Mountains, Mt Oku, and the Mambila Plateau, leaving substantial geographic and environmental coverage gaps corresponding to Rumpi Hills, Mt Nlonako, Kimbi Fungom National Park, Bali and Bafut Ngemba, Mt Bamboutos, Kagwene, and Tchabal Mbabo. This paper provides a roadmap for a comprehensive botanical survey for this region. Completing this survey plan, the resulting data will allow researchers to track changes in biodiversity and identify priority areas for conservation on the various mountain ranges that make up this important biodiversity hotspot.
Ultrafiltration before detoxification enhance the purity and efficacy of tetanus toxin during large-scale production of tetanus toxoid vaccine

The most effective way to control tetanus (caused by Clostridium tetani) is immunization with tetanus toxoid vaccine. However, the production of tetanus vaccine is a complex process including growth of bacteria, harvesting of toxin, and then conversion of that toxin into potent toxoid vaccine. During production, purification of vaccine either at toxin stage or at toxoid stage is essential. In the present study, effect of purification using ultrafiltration at toxin stage was evaluated on four commercial batches of tetanus vaccine in terms of antigenic content (lf/ml), purity in terms of protein nitrogen, antigenic potential by minimum lethal dose and potential efficacy by maximal toxic value. The standard reference methods as per the WHO manual for the production and quality control of tetanus vaccine were followed. A significant increase in the antigenic content, purity, antigenic potential, and potential efficacy of all four batches was observed after ultrafiltration. The results indicate that ultrafiltration before detoxification is an effective method of tetanus toxin purification. It simultaneously increase the quality of the toxin along with the removal of contaminating agents, which otherwise results in adverse effects during use.