Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights from Bacillus anthracis strains isolated from permafrost in the tundra zone of Russia

This article describes Bacillus anthracis strains isolated during an outbreak of anthrax on the Yamal Peninsula in the summer of 2016 and independently in Yakutia in 2015. A common feature of these strains is their conservation in permafrost, from which they were extracted either due to the thawing of permafrost (Yamal strains) or as the result of paleontological excavations (Yakut strains). All strains isolated on the Yamal share an identical genotype belonging to lineage B.Br. 001/002, pointing to a common source of infection in a territory over 250 km in length. In contrast, during the excavations in Yakutia, three genetically different strains were recovered from a single pit. One strain belongs to B.Br. 001/002, as the Yamal strains. Despite the remoteness of Yamal from Yakutia, whole genome sequence analysis showed that the B.Br. 001/002 strains are very closely related. The two other strains contribute to two different branches of A.Br. 008/011, one of the remarkable polytomies described so far in B. anthracis population. The geographic distribution of the strains belonging to this polytomy is suggesting that this polytomy emerged in the thirteenth century, in combination with the constitution of a unified Mongol empire extending from China to Eastern Europe. We propose an evolutionary model for B. anthracis recent evolution in which the B lineage spread throughout Eurasia and was subsequently replaced by the A lineage except in some geographically isolated areas.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of antiplatelet combinations [Clopidogrel plus Aspirin versus Ticagrelor plus Aspirin] in patient with the thromobotic cardiovascular diseases – An observational study

Background: Patients surviving an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remain at increased risk of ischemic events long term. To test the hypothesis that ticagrelor plus aspirin is safe and superior to clopidogrel plus aspirin for reducing thromobotic cardiovascular diseases and stroke recurrence in Indian patients study was done. Methodology: A prospective, observational clinical study was carried out in the Department of General Medicine, of a tertiary care teaching hospital, Haldia, West Bengal. Permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee was obtained before starting research work. Subjects and their accompanying family members was interviewed by pre-structured questionnaire, and past and present prescriptions and case notes, where available, was captured and reviewed. Results: A total of 80 patients with CAD were enrolled for the study and equally divided in two groups to see efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy. The median age was 53.08 years in group 1 and 51.67 years in group 2; 17.5 percent and 22.5% of the patients were women in group 1 and group 2 respectively. Majority of the participants were male in both the groups [group 1 (82.5%) & group 2 (77.5%)]. The rate of the primary safety end point (severe bleeding according to the GUSTO definition) was 2.5% in the clopidogrel plus group 1 and 5% in group 2. The rate of moderate bleeding was 2.5% percent in the ticagrelor group and clopidogrel plus aspirin group. The total rate of intracranial hemorrhage was mild 7.5%, moderate 2.5% and severe 2.5% in the two treatment groups respectively. Conclusion: The availability of new antiplatelet agents and extended or combination therapy has increased the options for secondary prevention among ACS patients.
Bireylerin E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve Siberkondri Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Internetten saglikla ilgili bilgilere hizli ve kolay bir sekilde ulasabilmek mumkun hale gelmistir. Bu durum e-saglik okuryazarligi ve siberkondri kavramlarini gunumuzde onemli hale getirmistir. Bu calisma ile bireylerin e-saglik okuryazarligi ve siberkondri duzeylerinin demografik ozelliklere gore farklilik gosterip gostermediginin; ayrica e-saglik okuryazarligi ile siberkondri duzeyleri arasindaki iliskinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Arastirma, Aralik 2019- Ocak 2020 aylarinda Istanbul’da gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda katilimcilarin yasina, egitim durumuna, medeni durumuna ve calisma durumuna gore e-saglik okuryazarlik duzeylerinin istatistiksel olarak farklilik gostermedigi; ancak katilimcilarin cinsiyetine gore e-saglik okuryazarlik duzeylerinin istatistiksel olarak farklilik gosterdigi belirlenmistir. Katilimcilarin cinsiyetine, yasina, medeni durumuna ve calisma durumuna gore siberkondri duzeylerinin istatistiksel olarak farklilik gostermedigi; ancak katilimcilarin egitim durumuna gore siberkondri duzeylerinin istatistiksel olarak farklilik gosterdigi belirlenmistir. E-saglik okuryazarligi ile siberkondri duzeyleri arasinda pozitif yonlu ve dusuk duzeyde bir iliski oldugu belirlenmistir.
Novel Algorithms for the Taxonomic Classification of Metagenomic Linked-Reads

We present KrakenLinked, a metagenomic read classifier for Linked-Reads. We have formulated two algorithms for read classification of metagenomic samples using linked reads: tree pruning and taxa promotion. Tree pruning improves specificity while taxa promotion improves sensitivity. Used together the algorithms improve taxonomic classification of linked-reads compared to short reads, particularly reducing false identification of taxa. We have implemented these algorithms as functions in KrakenUniq which we make available as KrakenLinked.
Los Problemas Relacionados con el Uso de Internet y las Tecnologías de la Comunicación

In recent decades, the Internet and information and communication technologies (ICT) have become an essential tool in everyday life, especially for the younger population. Problems relating to the use of the Internet and ICT arise when individuals begin to neglect their daily routines and activities in order to stay online, thus modifying daily routines, skipping meals, subtracting hours of rest, and altering sleep schedules. In both 2015 and 2017, almost 3% of the population aged between 15 and 64 years old had a possibly compulsive usage of the Internet in Spain, which would mean an estimated figure of approximately 900,000 individuals. Internet addiction, otherwise known as problems relating to the use of the Internet and ICT, is today a diagnostic category that is not included in either of the two reference manuals: the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). As a result, a great amount of heterogeneity may be observed when referring to this phenomenon. There is also a wide range of diagnostic tools that try to measure this phenomenon by assessing different aspects related to the use of the Internet and ICT.
PENGARUH JARAK DAN LAMA WAKTU PROSES PENGHITUNGAN STRAW SEBELUM DISTRIBUSI TERHADAP KUALITAS SEMEN BEKU SAPI SIMENTAL POST THAWING

Aims of this research was to determine the effect of distance and the duration of straw count above liquid nitrogen to the Quality of Frozen Simental Cattle. This study used a sample derived from simmental cattle from BBIB singosari as much as 48 straw divided into 8 treatments. P1(0,5cm 15 sec), P2(0,5cm 30 sec), P3( 0,5cm 45 sec), P4(0,5cm 60 sec), P5(1,5cm 15 sec), P6(1,5cm 30 sec), P7(1,5cm 45 sec), P8(1,5cm 60 sec) and repeated as much as 6 times then observed for motility and viability of post thawing spermatozoa. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. The results showed that the duration of straw count and the position of straw from liquid nitrogen not significant (P>0,05) on post thawing motility. The position of straw from liquid nitrogen not signifant (P>0,05) on post thawing viability. The conclusion of this research showed that 0,5 cm 15 sec give the higher post thawing motility.
THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS WITH HEARING IMPAIRED: TEACHERS’ POINT OF VIEW

ICT in education as a powerful force for boosting the modernization of education. The use of ICT in education lends itself to more student-centered learning settings. ICT for education refers to the development of information and communications technology specifically for teaching and learning purposes. Besides, ICT in education involves the adoption of general components of information and communication technologies in the teaching and learning process. Eventually, the teacher's role in providing learning using ICT has provided many achievements for students, especially for hearing impaired students. Therefore, the researcher wants to find out the role of the teacher behind the success of a student, seen from the benefits and the challenges they face. Thus, this research aims to find out the benefits of using ICT for special needs students with hearing impaired as perceived by the teachers, and the challenges of using ICT for special needs students with hearing impaired as perceived by the teachers. A qualitative research design was employed to answer the research questions. Three teachers
Biosynthesis of bioactive ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza and advanced biotechnologies for their production

Abstract This review deals with the progress in the biosynthesis and regulation of tanshinones and salvianolic acids as well as the prospects and challenges for producing such compounds through biotechnology techniques. Tanshinones (lipophilic diterpenoids) and salvianolic acids (hydrophilic phenolic acids) are valuable natural products from danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) with remarkable clinical efficacy to treat cardiovascular diseases, with potential application in the treatment of cancer and possibly other disorders. The significant bioactivities of S. miltiorrhiza inspired scientists to explore its biosynthetic mechanism that promotes the production of these compounds. Computational and comparative genomics and transcriptomics have been used to analyse a number of pathway genes, transcription factors and microRNAs that are associated with the biosynthesis and regulation of tanshinones and salvianolic acids. At the same time, plant cell and tissue culture, transgenic plants, microbial biotransformation and metabolic engineering have been used to synthesise all these compounds. AbbreviationsAACT acetyl-CoACacetyltransferaseCMK 4-(cytidine5-diphospho)-2-C-methylerythritol kinaseCPP copalyl diphosphateCPS copalyl diphosphate synthaseDMAPP dimethylallyl diphosphateDXP 1-deoxy-D-xylulose5-phpphateDXR 1-deoxy-D-xylulose5-phosphatereductoisomeraseDXS 1-deoxy-D-xylulose5-phosphatesynthaseFPP farnesyl diphosphateFPPS farnesyl diphosphatesynthaseGGPP geranylgeranyl diphosphateGGPPS geranylgeranyldiphosphate synthaseGPP geranyl diphosphateGPPS geranyl diphosphate synthaseHDR hydroxymethylbutenyl 4–diphosphatereductaseHDS hydroxymethybutenyl-4–diphosphate synthaseHMBPP 1–hydroxy-2–methyl-2–(E)-buteny4–diphosphateHMGR HMG-CoA reductaseHMGS 3–hydroxy-3–methylglutaryl-CoA synthaseIPP isopentenyldiphosphateKSL kaurenesynthase-likeLAA lithospermic acid ALAB lithospermic acid BMCT MEP cytidyltransferaseMDC mevalonate 5-diphosphate decarboxylaseMECPS 2-C-methylerythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthaseMEP 2-c-methyl-D-erythritd 4-phosphateMK mevalonate kinasePMK phophomevalonate kinaseRA rosmarinic acidSAB salvianolic acid BTA-I tanshinone ITA-IIA tanshinone IIA
Genetic learning particle swarm optimization for task matching in grid environment

Many scientific disciplines require processing computational-intensive applications with vast quantities of data. Large scale systems, such as Grid, provide shared resources on geographically distributed heterogeneous computing systems to meet the computational demands of the applications. One of the fundamental problem computing with the Grid system is assigning tasks of various users to the resources efficiently such that the execution time of the application is minimized while Grid resources are utilized optimally. This is called the task matching problem, an NP-hard problem, the focus of this thesis. While there are many heuristics for the task matching problem, particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been one of the latest heuristics in the literature adopted as a solution to this problem. However, PSO has few drawbacks, such as premature convergence to local optima. To circumvent these problems, we incorporate a learning approach inspired by the genetic algorithm to guide the PSO algorithm. We propose three novel genetic learning PSO algorithms: modified genetic learning PSO (MGLPSO), hybrid genetic learning PSO (HGLPSO), and modified genetic learning PSO with adaptive mutation (μ-MGLPSO). The proposed algorithms
Sustained Elevation of Serum Cortisol Level Causes Sensitization of Coronary Vasoconstricting Responses in Pigs In Vivo

Vasospastic angina is induced by stress, for which cortisol secreted by activated hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis may play an important role. However, direct evidence for this notion is still lacking. In this study, we examined whether sustained elevation of serum cortisol level sensitizes coronary vasoconstricting responses in pigs in vivo and, if so, whether Rho-kinase, which we found is a key molecule of coronary vasospasm, is involved. Oral administration of cortisol (20 mg/kg per day) increased its serum level to that seen in restraint stress in pigs. Thus, we examined coronary vasomotor responses in the following 4 groups: (1) control (without cortisol); (2) cortisol (20 mg/kg per day, PO) for 9 days; (3) cortisol plus RU38486 (a glucocorticoids receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg per day, PO) for 9 days; and (4) cortisol for 9 days followed by 6-week withdrawal. Coronary angiography showed that intracoronary serotonin caused coronary hyperconstriction and reduction in coronary blood flow associated w.
Phenotypic and genetic characterization of indigenous Tswana goats

Tswana goats that were kept in communal systems in three agro-ecological regions in Botswana were characterized according to phenotypic measurements and genotypic data. Objective measurements for 123 goats included bodyweight (BW), body length (BL), heart girth (HG), height at withers (HW), and tail length (TL), while qualitative traits included coat colour and presence or absence of horns and beards. Age was estimated based on dentition. Hair samples were collected from 48 of the phenotyped animals in the largest region (central region) and genotyped with the Illumina Goat50K SNP chip. Mixed coat colour was predominant and across regions 95% of the goats were horned and bearded. Goats in the northwest region had the lowest BW and significantly higher HG values in all age groups compared with other regions. Goats over four years old in the central and northwest regions were significantly longer in body compared with the ones from the southern region. The average expected heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficient were 0.423 ± 0.03 and 0.009 ± 0.05, respectively. Principal component analysis clustered most animals, with a few outliers. The effective population size has decreased over time and at 13 generations ago was estimated at 266. There were high genetic and phenotypic variations in the indigenous Tswana goats, which should be exploited to increase performance through within-breed selection and structured crossbreeding. Keywords: Botswana, genomic diversity, morphometric, population size, Single nucleotide polymorphisms
Asymmetric processing of Mandarin relative clauses

Introduction An asymmetry occurs when processing different types of relative clauses (RC). While an advantage of subject relative clause (SR) has been found in English [4], both subject and object relative clause (OR) advantage have been documented in Mandarin [3, 5]. The discrepancy may however be due to ambiguities in the experimental stimuli that obscured RC processing with ambiguity resolution. The current study eliminates the confound, and unveils the nature of wordby-word processing of Mandarin RCs using EEG, compared against predictions of memory-based Dependency Locality Theory (DLT) [1] and expectation-based Surprisal account [2]. Results show a subject advantage at the relative verb region and align with the Surprisal account.
The Effects of Fermented Heaps of Bacillus mycoides Addition to the Broiler Feeds on the Meat Protein, Fat, and Cholesterol Contents

Background: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Bacillus mycoides-fermented tapioca by product (heaps) addition to the feed on meat protein content, fat, and cholesterol of broiler chicken. Objectives: The study utilizes 32 broiler strain Ross from PT Charoen Pokphand Jaya Farma at one day of age (DOC), and they are raised up to 35 days of age. Design applied herein is completely randomized design by 4 treatments and 4 repetitions where every repetition has 2 broilers. Treatments consist of P0 (controlled feed/no fermented-heaps), P1 (feed by 10% fermented-heaps), P2 (feed by 20% fermented-heaps) and P3 (feed by 30% fermented-heaps). Observed variables are meat protein, fat, and cholesterol content. Results: The findings indicate that Bacillus mycoides-fermented heaps addition to the feed by has real effect (P <0.05) in increasing meat protein content and decreasing meat fat and cholesterol content of broiler. Conclusion: Average meat protein content are P0 = 18,5315%; P1 = 18,9633%; P2 = 19,184%; and P3 = 19,862%. Average meat fat content are P0 = 4,6285%; P1 = 4,4813%; P2 = 4,338%; and P3 = 4,2203%. Average meat cholesterol content are P0 = 95,0598 mg/100g; P1 = 89,2953 mg/100g; P2 = 84,4263 mg/100g; and P3 = 79,2435mg/100g.
Normal Delayed Establishment of a Semilunar Brooding and Larval Release Cycle in the Course of the Reproductive Season of the Ghost Shrimp Population on a Warm Temperate Intertidal Sandflat

ABSTRACT Many decapod crustaceans inhabiting estuarine and coastal shores with larvae that develop in the coastal ocean release them at nocturnal ebb tides in a semilunar or lunar spring tide cycle under semidiurnal tidal regimes. In common brachyurans on warm temperate shores, this release cycle becomes first established in their mid-reproductive season. How this occurs is poorly understood, under the dichotomous views that peak larval release in each spring tide during the mid- to late season is timed to the syzygy date or the date with the largest tidal range (TR) and fastest tidal currents a few days later. The callianassid shrimp, Nihonotrypaea harmandi, inhabiting an intertidal sandflat in midwestern Kyushu, Japan, under a mixed, mainly semidiurnal, tidal regime has a reproductive season from June through October at water temperatures ranging from 20°C to 29°C. Frequent population sampling was conducted in 1993 (to mid-August) and 1994 (to early November), with cold and hot summers, respectively. Observations and experiments on embryo deposition and larval release, and measurement on water level and velocity were performed in other years. Harmonic analysis of tides was made on the water level and velocity and applied to those in 1994. Female shrimp released larvae at nocturnal ebb tides. The population comprised three age cohorts (one 2-y-old and two 1-y-old), and eight distinct larval releases occurred during June to October, each forming a batch preceded by embryo deposition by 3 wk to 2 wk linked to 20°C to ≥ 25°C in water temperature, respectively. Syzygy-centered peak embryo deposition first occurred in late July (for the third batch in 1994) and early August (for the fourth batch in 1993), with each batch dominated by the youngest cohort. Afterward, peak larval release immediately followed by peak embryo re-deposition every spring tide occurred in 1994. In the earlier reproductive season, the older two cohorts were dominant in the mature individuals, with a longer longevity of the oldest and more dominance of the second oldest in 1993 than in 1994, and embryo deposition was only weakly synchronized with syzygies, followed by longer embryo developmental durations. The peak larval release dates for the first two (in 1994) or three (in 1993) batches were between neap and spring tides. Thereafter, the peak date for each batch approached the largest-TR date but never coincided precisely. Seaward larval transport efficiency evaluated by the product of mean water velocity per ebb and ebb duration suggests suboptimal values throughout the reproductive season.
Dissolution of Cr2O3(s) and the Behavior of Chromium in Concentrated NaOH Solutions

The solubility of Cr2O3(s) in (1 and 6) mol kg–1 sodium hydroxide solutions has been investigated at 25 °C. Even after 75 days of solid/solution contact the apparent solubility continued to increase slowly. Analysis of the solution phase by UV–vis spectrophotometry revealed that all of the dissolved chromium was present as Cr(VI), in the form of CrO42–(aq); no Cr(III) could be detected. Consistent with this finding, Cr(III) dissolved in 6 mol kg–1 NaOH was found to be oxidized to CrO42–(aq) over of period of days. No significant changes to the solid phase, Cr2O3(cr), were found, either by X-ray diffraction or by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as a result of its contact with NaOH(aq). Both CrO42– and Cr(III) were found to be unreactive toward a range of organic and inorganic compounds in 6 mol kg–1 NaOH over many days at ambient temperatures. However, CrO42– catalyzed the decomposition of L-ascorbate, and was rapidly reduced by elemental Zn to Cr(III) in NaOH(aq).
Critical Aspects on the Use of Microsatellite Markers for Assessing Genetic Identity of Crop Plant Varieties and Authenticity of their Food Derivatives

A total of 90 original articles concerning the varietal characterization and identification by means of SSR analysis of the five most economically relevant crops in Italy (i.e., Olea europaea L., Solanum lycopersicum L., Vitis vinifera L., Triticum spp. and Malus (cid:1) domestica Borkh. ) have been selected and reviewed. Since the genetic traceability of processed products may result more complex, wine and olive oil have been considered too. Specif- ically, this chapter deals with three main aspects: (i) the criteria adopted for the selection of the most appropriate number, type, and distribution of SSR marker loci to be employed for varietal genotyping, (ii) the use of genetic statistics and parameters for the evaluation of the discriminant ability and applicability of SSR marker loci, and (iii) how to make different experimental works on the same species that are standardized, reliable, and comparable. What emerges from the studies reviewed here is a lack of wider consensus among the authors regarding the strategy to design and to adopt for genotyping plant varieties with SSR markers. This finding highlights the urgent need to establish a common procedure, especially for characterizing and preserving landraces, and for supporting its rediscovery and valorization locally.