Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Micropropagation of Orchids

Preface. Preface to the First Edition. 1. History . Terminology. Origins of Orchid Micropropagation. Culture of Tissues and Organs. First Micropropagation of Orchids. The Second Aseptic Culture of an Orchid Explant. Plant Diseases and Meristems. The Third Aseptic Culture of an Orchid Explant. The Fourth Aseptic Culture of an Orchid Explant. Who Pioneered Micropropagation? Root Cultures. Leaf Cultures. Stems. Flower Buds, Flowers, Floral Segments, and Reproductive Organs. Inflorescences. A Patent. Doubtful Claims. Mutations. Theft in Vitro. Darkening of Culture Media. Anticontaminants. Cell and Protoplast Culture. Flowering in Vitro. The Future. 2. General Outline of Techniques and Procedures. Media Components. Stock Solutions. State of the Medium. Sterlization. Surface Decontamination. Preparation of the Medium. Culture Vessels. Culture Conditions. Placing Plant Material in Culture. Internal Contaminants. Enzymes for Protoplast Isolation. Work Area. Washing Glassware. 3. Methods for Specific Genera . Acampe. Aeridachnis. Aerides. Anacamptis. Angraecum. Anoectochilus. Arachnis. Arachnostylis. Aranda. Aranthera. Arundina. Ascocenda. Ascocentrum. Ascofinetia. Barlia. Bletilla. Brassavola. Brassia. Brassocattleya. Brassolaeliocattleya. Bulbophyllum. Burkillara. Caladenia. Calanthe. Catasetum. Cattleya. Cleisostoma. Clowesia. Cymbidium. Cypripedium. Cyrtopodium. Dactylorchis. Dactylorhiza. Darwinara. Dendrobium. Disa. Diuris. Doriella. Doritaenopsis. Doritis. Encyclia. Epidendrum. Epiphronitis. Eulophia. Gastrochilus. Geodorum. Goodyera. Grammatophyllum. Habenaria. Hetaeria. Holttumara. Ipsea. Kagawara. Laelia. Laeliocattleya. Liparis. Ludisia (Haemaria). Luisia. Lycaste. Malaxis. Maxillaria. Miltonia. Mokara. Mormodes. Neofinetia. Neostylis. Neottia. Nervilia. Nigritella. Oberonia. Odontioda. Odontoglossum. Odontonia. Oncidium. Ophrys. Orchis. Otochilus. Pachystoma. Paphiopedilum. Papilionanthe. Phaius. Phalaenopsis. Pholidota. Phragmipedium. Pleione. Pogonia. Potinara. Renades. Renanetia. Renantanda. Renanthera. Restrepia. Rhynchostele. Rhynchostylis. Saccolabium. Sarcanthus. Satyrium. Schomburgkia. Serapias. Sophrolaeliocattleya. Spathoglottis. Spiranthes. Thelymitra. Thunia. Trudelia. Vanda. Vandofinetia. Vanilla. Vascostylis. Vuylstekeara. Zygopetalum. 4. Summary . Culture Conditions. Media Components. Applications of Orchid Tissue Culture. Negative Aspects of Micropropagation. References. Appendix 1: General Information on Supplies, Equipment, Terms, and Reagents. Appendix 2: Sources of Supplies and Equipment. Appendix 3: Some Sites of Interest on the World Wide Web. Appendix 4: Light. Appendix 5: Formulary. Appendix 6: Atomic Weights, Concentrations, Exponents, Greek and Roman Letters, Ions, Measurements, Molecular Weights, Prefixes, Valences, Units, and Solutions. Appendix 7: Additional Information. Appendix 8: Plant Preservative Mixture. Glossary. Index. Title Page of the First Edition
Apr 26, 2019 Cameo: A Python Library for Computer Aided Metabolic Engineering and Optimization

Lyngby, Denmark ABSTRACT: Computational systems biology methods enable rational design of cell factories on a genome-scale and thus accelerate the engineering of cells for the production of valuable chemicals and proteins. Unfortunately, the majority of these methods ’ implementations are either not published, rely on proprietary software, or do not provide documented interfaces, which has precluded their mainstream adoption in the ﬁ eld. In this work we present cameo, a platform-independent software that enables in silico design of cell factories and targets both experienced modelers as well as users new to the ﬁ eld. It is written in Python and implements state-of-the-art methods for enumerating and prioritizing knockout, knock-in, overexpression, and down-regulation strategies and combinations thereof. Cameo is an open source software project and is freely available under the Apache License 2.0. A dedicated Web site including documentation, examples, and installation instructions can be found at http://cameo. bio. Users can also give cameo a try 2. Package organization and functionality overview. The cameo package is organized into a number of subpackages: core extends cobrapy ’ s own core package 11 to use optlang 12 as interface to a number of optimization solvers. models enables programmatic access to models hosted on the Internet. parallel provides tools for the parallelization of design methods. visualization provides a number of high-level visualization functions, e.g. , production envelopes. flux_analysis implements many basic simulation and analysis methods needed for higher-level design methods and the evaluation of production goals etc . strain_design provides a collection of in silico design methods and is subdivided into methods that use deterministic and heuristic optimization approaches. At last, api provides a high-level interface for computing
Microbial ecology of the oceans

Marine microbes - an overview evolution, diversity and molecular ecology of marine Prokaryotes bacterial production and biomass in the oceans production mechanisms of dissolved organic matter heterotrophic bacteria and the dynamics of dissolved organic material UV radiation effects on microbes and microbial processes control of bacterial growth in idealized food webs. (Part contents)
Biologie de la transmission homme-moustique du Plasmodium

The transmission of Plasmodium is a complex process that requires the encounter of three organisms: the parasite, the host and the mosquito vector. For a better understanding, the transmission of this parasite can be divided in four cyclical steps: 1) the development in man, including gametocytogenesis, 2) the transfer from man to mosquito, 3) the sporogonic development in the mosquito, 4) the transfer from mosquito to man. The present article proposes a review of these different aspects and focuses especially to recent biological knowledge on Plasmodium falciparum in the gametocytogenesis issues, infectivity of gametocytes, sporogonic development and natural factors limiting this development.
Virocell Concept, The

Viruses have been historically defined as viral particles (virions). The virocell concept has been proposed to put instead emphasis on the intracellular cycle of virus reproduction. In that view, viral infection transforms the infected cells (either a bacterium, an archaeon or a eukaryote) into a novel type of cellular organism, a virocell, whose aim is to produce virions. The virocell concept has several implications for the question of the origin and nature of viruses. It emphasises that viruses originated after ribosome-encoding cells (ribocells) and can be considered as bona fide, cellular, living organisms. Notably, the virocell concept helps to realise that novel proteins could originate in two different cellular contexts (either ribocell or virocell) during genome replication/recombination. Considering the diversity, ubiquity and abundance of viruses, a huge proportion of proteins in the biosphere have therefore probably a bona fide viral origin. Many of them were later on transferred to genomes of ribocells by viral/plasmid integrations. The concept of virocell thus helps to understand the fundamental role that viruses have played in biological evolution. Key Concepts: Virocells correspond to infected cells producing virons. Ribovirocell are Infected cells that produce virions but can still divide. The virus is a living entity during the intracellular phase of its life cycle. Different organisms (archaea, bacteria, eucaryote or virus) can share the same cell, each one being defined by its own evolutionary trajectory. The ancestors of modern viruses appeared after the invention of the ribosome and modern proteins but before the divergence of modern cells from their last common ancestor. Viruses are a huge source of new genes that originated during replication/recombination of viral genomes. Keywords: virocell; ribocell; ribovirocell; virus; virion; lysogeny; bacteriophage; viral factory; Mimivirus
An Additional Sweet Dihydroflavonol Glycoside from Leaves of Engelhardtia chrysolepis, a Chinese Folk Medicine, Huang-qi

From leaves of Engelhardtia crysolepis HANCE (Juglandaceae), which have been used as a sweet tea in China, we have isolated a sweet dihydroflavonol glycoside, and the structure was elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(2R, 3R)-taxifolin.
Ghrelin, a Gastric Hormone with Diverse Functions

Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid peptide hormone derived from the X/A like endocrine cells located in the gastric mucosa. Since its discovery more than a decade ago, about 5000 papers have been reported. The scope of these reports is broad and ranges from the gene structure, transcriptional regulation, posttranslation modification, ligand-receptor binding activities, intracellular signaling, to various biological functions such as food intake, energy balance, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular disease and immunomodulation. In this chapter, we will summarize the advance of our knowledge on this fascinating hormone, ghrelin.
INDUCTION AND RECALL IN CONTACT SENSITIVITY

The cellular events in the ear skin and draining lymph node during the induction of contact sensitivity to 2-ethoxy methylene-5-oxazolone (oxazolone) have been studied in three strains of mice. The principal findings in the skin during the first 24 hr were invasion of polymorphs and destruction of pilosebaceous units, in both intact and thymectomized mice. Subsequently, the dermal cellular infiltrate increased and there was acanthosis of the epidermis. No lymphocytes were seen in the dermis or penetrating the epidermal basal cell layer in thymectomized mice. During the first 24 hr in the draining node, polymorphs and macrophages bearing a pigment with staining properties similar to melanin were seen in the marginal and medullary sinuses, in intact and thymectomized mice. Major differences, however, were revealed during 2–4 days when massive proliferation of large pyroninophilic blast cells occurred in the thymus-dependent area of the nodes from intact mice only. On testing, there was a prompt, measurable increase in ear thickness only in intact mice. This increase reached a peak at 24 hr — typical of a delayed type reaction. At testing, the ears from intact mice showed epidermal vesiculation and a considerable dermal cellular infiltrate with a substantial number of lymphocytes. This was in contrast with the completely quiescent appearance of the ear skin of thymectomized mice. Finally, we have discussed the use of the mouse as an experimental tool for studying contact sensitivity and have analyzed the role of the thymus-derived lymphocyte and the site where it becomes sensitized, in the light of current theory on the origin of cells and site where sensitization takes place in cell-mediated reactions.
Molluscan resources of India- Winter School on Towards Ecosystem Based Management of Marine Fisheries – Building Mass Balance Trophic and Simulation Models

India is endowed with rich and diverse bio-resources and the molluscs are not an exception. Molluscs are a heterogenous group of animals both in shape and diversity and are represented by amphineura, gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods and scaphopods. Most of the molluscs inhabit the marine environment and very few dwells in the terrestrial and freshwater habitats. About 8,000-10,000 species of molluscs were recorded from the world over and a total of 3,271 species are reported from India (Subba Rao, 1991). They are represented in 220 families and 591 genera and the spectrum comprises 190 gastropods, 1,100 bivalves, 210 cephalopods, 41 polyplacophores and 20 scaphopods.
Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat: 2000 supplement.

R.A. McIntosh, J. Dubcovsky, W.J. Rogers, C. Morris, R. Appels, X.C. Xia The University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, PMB 11, Camden, N.S. W. , Australia, 2570. bobm@camden.usyd. edu.au Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A. jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu Catedra de Genetica y Fitotecnia, DCBA y B, Facultad de Agronomia, CIISAS, CICBIOLAB AZUL, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Av. Rep. Italia 780, CC47 73 Azul, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. CONICET-INBA-CEBB-MdP. rogers@faa.unicen. edu.ar USDA-ARS Western Wheat Laboratory, Pullman, WA 99164-6394, U.S.A. morris@wsu.edu Molecular Plant Breeding Research Centre, Biological Sciences, Murdoch University and Department of Agriculture, Locked Bag 4, Bentley Delivery Centre W.A. 6983, Australia. rappels@agric.wa. gov.au Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Centre, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, China. xiaxianchun@yahoo.com
Modulation of Androgen Receptor Transcriptional Activity

textabstractAndrogens, testosterone (T) and 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), are important for male and female physiology, in particular for male sexual differentiation, development of secondary male characteristics and spermatogenesis. These hormones exert their actions by binding to the androgen receptor (AR), a transcription factor that belongs to the family of steroid hormone receptors (SHRs). After ligand binding, the AR migrates to the nucleus and binds to androgen response elements (AREs), which are present in the promoter and enhancer regions of androgen regulated genes. After DNA binding, chromatin remodelling factors, other co-factors (co-activators or co-repressors) and proteins of the transcription initiation complex, including RNA polymerase II, are recruited by the AR to regulate gene transcription. Several modulating processes and factors can influence AR transactivation. Not only co-factors play a role in AR transactivation, but also post-translational mod! ifications of the AR, such as acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation and phosphorylation, can modify AR transactivation. In addition, mutations in the AR gene can have dramatic consequences for AR transactivation. In general, AR mutations result in the androgen insensitivity syndrome, in which the male phenotype is affected. However, the exact influence of these modulating processes and factors is still not clear. In this thesis we focused on the influence of phosphorylation on the AR. The influence of mutation F826L on the AR activity has also been studied. Finally, it has been determined whether co-factors can be isolated with a DNA bound AR.
Biomassa aérea e produção primária do estrato herbáceo em campo de Elyonurus muticus submetido à queima anual, no Pantanal

This work was conducted in a native grassland of the Pantanal, locally called "caronal" due to the dominance of Elyonurus muticus. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of annual burnings of "caronal" on the cumulative aerial biomass, aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of herbaceous communities and soil cover. Monthly data of cumulative aerial biomass were collected during two years in an area which was burned in September/95 and in August/96, and in another area which was free of burning. ANPP was estimated through differences between aerial live biomass gathered monthly. Annual burnings reduced cumulative aerial biomass about 36% in the first year and 50% in the second year. There was a tendency of reduction of cumulative aerial biomass with repetition of the burnings. The ANPP herbaceous communities in the areas free of burning and with burnings were 3,850 kg/ha and 4,980 kg/ha, in the first year, and 5,090 kg/ha and 2,880 kg/ha in the second, respectively. Thirty days after burning, the soil cover was about 30% and only four to six months after burning it was re-established as the area free of burning.
Blackcurrant gall mite - Cecidophyopsis ribis (Westw.), harmfulness and possibility to control with fenpyroximate (Ortus 05 SC)

Summary The blackcurrant gall mite (big bud mite) – Cecidophyopsis ribis (Westw.) is the most dangerous pest of blackcurrant in many countries. C. ribis is a key pest in Poland and causes severe damage on some plantations, destroying even more than 50% of the buds. The big bud mite infests most of the commonly grown cultivars and only a few are resistant. Looking for new possibilities to control the pest is still necessary. The experiments were carried out at the Research Institute of Horticulture in 2008–2011. Fenpyroximate active substance in Ortus 05 SC showed high effectiveness in reducing the number of the blackcurrant gall mites emerging from treated buds. Ortus 05 SC (1.25; 1.5 l/ha) and Ortus 05 SC (1.5 l/ha) + Slippa (0.1 l/ha) applied 3 times during migration of the big bud mite, reduced the number of damaged buds by 76–90% compared to the control bush. Also Ortus 05 SC (1.5 l/ha), applied twice: at the beginning and during the full blossom of black currant significantly reduced the number of buds infested by the big bud mite. On the bushes where Ortus 05 SC (1.5 l/ha) + Slippa (0.1 l/ha) were used twice, slightly less damaged buds compared with the treatments without wetting were reported, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Anti-GD1a antibody targeted disruption of the node of Ranvier in a mouse model of acute motor axonal neuropathy

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a peripheral neuropathy characterised by acute flaccid paralysis. The axonal variant is associated with anti-GD1a ganglioside antibody-dependent, complement-mediated injury to the peripheral axon with conduction block. The blood-nerve barrier (BNB) relatively protects axons from factors in the extra-neural environment; however, it does not extend over the neuromuscular junction, leaving this terminal portion of the axon unprotected. It is here that susceptibility to antibody attack in a mouse model of GBS has previously been demonstrated. It was the aim of this thesis to determine to what extent more proximal portions of the distal axon are at risk from circulating antibody and what exogenous protection can be provided therapeutically. GD1a is expressed at the nodes of Ranvier (NoR) of intramuscular axons. To investigate the injury caused by anti-GD1a antibodies in relation to BNB permeability, anti-GD1a antibodies were applied to mice genetically engineered both to over-express GD1a and to express cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) in the cytoplasm of axons. Endogenous fluorescence allowed identification of intramuscular nerve bundles and their terminal branches, which were categorized depending on bundle size. Within these categories, IgG and the final product of the complement pathway (membrane attack complex, MAC) deposition were quantified after an acute injury, alongside the deleterious effects on NoR protein’s. Nerve conduction studies were also performed to better elucidate the pathological pathway. IgG and MAC were localized in a gradient-dependent manner, with significantly more deposition at NoR as the bundles progressively branch to a single terminating fibre. Furthermore, MAC deposition was associated with the loss or disruption to immunostaining for nodal protein’s including voltage gated sodium channel and ankyrin G. This is indicative of targeted injury to this region of the distal axon in an acute model. The loss of nodal protein staining is associated with the activation of complement and the Ca2+-dependent protease calpain as determined by the protection of staining by the complement inhibitor Eculizumab and the calpain inhibitor AK295. A similar disruption to nodal protein staining is also shown at the proximal NoR of the desheathed phrenic nerve. Extracellular nerve recordings demonstrate a detrimental effect on function as there is a decrease in the peak of the compound nerve action potential over time, which can be associated with Nav channel staining loss. This study is suggestive of a resilient proximal barrier that becomes more permeable towards the nerve terminal. Therefore, it is not only the axon at the terminal that can be a target of injury, but also the distal axons at their nodes of Ranvier, resulting in disruption at this site. Prevention of staining loss by Eculizumab and AK295 exemplify the route of injury and identify a potential point of therapeutic intervention in human disease.
Tree line identification from pollen data: beyond the limit?

Aim The boreal tree line is a prominent biogeographic feature, the position of which reflects climatic conditions. Pollen is the key sensor used to reconstruct past tree line patterns. Our aims in this study were to investigate pollen–vegetation relationships at the boreal tree line and to assess the success of a modified version of the biomization method that incorporates pollen productivity and dispersal in distinguishing the tree line.
Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Dipengaruhi Oleh Penerapan Good Corporate Governance Gcg Dan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Sia Survei Pada 5 Perusahaan Bumn Yang Berkantor Pusat Di Kota

Untuk membuat laporan yang berkualitas perlu diterapkannya good corporate governance sehingga dapat terciptanya transparansi dan akuntabilitas dalam penyajian laporan keuangan, selain itu salah satu faktor pendukung kualitas laporan keuangan adalah sistem informasi akuntansi, dimana laporan keuangan dihasilkan dari suatu proses yang didasarkan pada input yang baik, proses yang baik dan output yang baik. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk : (1) Mengetahui besar pengaruh Penerapan Good Corporate Governance terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan dan (2) Mengetahui besar pengaruh besar pengaruh Sistem Informasi Akuntansi terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan verifikatif, dengan metode analisis Structural Equation Model (SEM) dengan menggunakan SmartPLS2.0 aplikasi dan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh karena populasi dan sampel yang sama terdiri dari 32 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa good corporate governance mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan dan sistem informasi akuntansi mempunyai dampak yang signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan.
Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Thymus vulgaris Ethanolic Leaf Extract Combination with Partially Purified Lipopolysaccharide from Proteus mirabilis in Mice

The current study was carried out to study a high injection dose of the ethanolic extract thymus vulgaris leaf (500 ug /Kg) against the immune response combination with partially purified extracted Lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) from Proteus mirablis.Study groups were included four groups; Group I :treated with normal saline. Group II : treated with LPS antigen, Group III: injected subcutaneously ((500 ug /Kg) from ethanolic extract thymus vulgaris, group IV : injected subcutaneously (500 ug /Kg) from ethanolic extract thymus vulgaris leaf and LPS antigen, the immunological assays were measured through the phagocytic activity as (non specific immunity) after day 8 by using the phagocytic activity index.After day I4 the lymphocyte proliferations was estimated by MTT index. For delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction,the result was measured at 24, 48 and 72 hours after LPS antigens injection.While for Humoral immune response, after day 21 and day 28 the antibody production was estimated by indirect immunoflourescent and by Gel electrophoreses.The results were showed no significant difference in the NBT index between Groups but noticed Group III had a value lower than Group II, While the MTT results were revealed, Group IV had the highest value. In the other side of the study the DTH results showed Group IV had the highest value after 48 hr with significant differences (P≤0.05), in addition, the humoral immune response results were consisted gel electrophoresis and indirect immunoflourescent results showed after day 21 and day 28 Group IV had the highest value. The results was showed the ethanolic extract thymus in a high concentration combination with LPS from P. mirabilis had effects on the immune response particularly Humoral immune response and Cellular immune response but still act as anti inflammatory role as revealed in many previous studies.