Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of the nerve distribution of the extraocularmuscles in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Purpose. The intramuscular nerve distribution of the extraocular muscles may be of utmost importance for better understanding of their physiologic and pathologic reactions. The aim of this study was to determine the entire intramuscular nerve distribution pattern of rabbit extraocular muscles by utilizing Sihler's staining technique. Methods. Six New Zealand rabbits were used in order to demonstrate the intramuscular nerve distribution of the extraocular muscles by using Sihler's staining method. Results. The number of extramuscular and intramuscular major nerve branches were higher in the inferior oblique muscle while the number of intramuscular minor nerve branches were higher in the superior oblique muscle when compared with the other extraocular muscles. The smallest number of extramuscular branch and intramuscular both major and minor branches were found in the medial rectus muscle. More complex anastomoses and a branching pattern were observed in the superior oblique and superior rectus muscle. The anastomosing nerve branches were observed to run in a "Y", "I" or "U"-shaped pattern in all of the extra-ocular muscles. Of all the extraocular muscles, the longest major nerve branches were observed in the retractor bulbi muscles. However, these branches had the smallest diameter. No morphological difference was observed between the two sides with regard to all the characteristics of the extraocular muscles. Conclusion. Sihler's neural staining technique could be quite useful in the demonstration of the intramuscular nerve distribution of extraocular muscles.
DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF A SPHERICAL ROLLING ROBOT EQUIPPED WITH A GYRO

In this paper, we propose a new driving mechanism for a spherical rolling robot and investigate the dynamic characteristics of the robot by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. The spherical robot has a momentum wheel(gyro) that rotates at a large velocity inside the robot, and its mechanism may be expected to provide the driving force efficiently. However, the dynamics of the robot is very complex because of the angular momentum of the gyro. We derive the equations of motion for the spherical robot that include the effects of frictional forces, and perform numerical simulations in order to examine the behavior of the robot.
Unconventional venous access.

Venous access is commonly thought of as the bread and butter of interventional radiologic procedures. However, in those patients who have undergone multiple previous central venous catheter placements, venous access can be a technical challenge for even the most seasoned interventional radiologist. Conventional access sites include the internal jugular veins (IJV) and subclavian veins (SCV). The former should be considered as the primary access site for all patients who will be catheter dependent for whatever reason. Before utilization of the SCV, the external jugular veins (EJV) should be used, especially in the dialysis population. Only after surgical hemodialysis access is no longer an option in the upper extremity should cannulation of the SCV be entertained. Once these usual access sites are no longer available, it may necessary to use an unconventional access method, including catheterization of the common femoral vein, catheterization of enlarged collateral vessels, recanalization of occluded veins, translumbar inferior vena cava (IVC) catheter placement, and transhepatic catheter placement. This chapter serves as a review of these techniques.
SOCIAL AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES IN THE ADULT BAHRAINI POPULATION

This paper aimed to assess the prevalence of known diabetes among Bahraini adults, and to determine associated social and lifestyle factors. A community-based survey was carried out on 514 adults aged 30–79 years. The overall prevalence of known diabetes was 9%. Using multivariate analysis, the risk of diabetes was found to be higher among older (50–79 years), female, illiterate, currently married, non-smoking people, those who did not walk regularly, overweight and obese people (BMI[ges ]25), those who had a history of hypertension and those who consumed fresh vegetables more than 3 times a week. However, only obesity was found to be significantly associated with diabetes (OR=1·83, CI 1·48–4·15).
Uma contribuição ao estudo do torneamento interno em aços endurecidos

A usinagem de materiais endurecidos, com dureza acima de 45 HRC, surge como alternativa a retificacao na decada de 70, com a disponibilidade comercial de ferramentas de Nitreto Cubico de Boro (cBN). Porem, a baixa tenacidade deste tipo de ferramenta a torna muito sensivel a avarias causadas por vibracoes, que sao criticas nas operacoes as quais a peca ou a ferramenta sao suscetiveis a grandes deflexoes. Este trabalho busca contribuir com o estudo de vibracoes no torneamento interno de furos do aco AISI 4340 endurecido, em condicoes de acabamento. Foram testadas diferentes condicoes de usinagem, diferentes suportes (aco, metal duro e equipada com amortecedor de particulas) e foram avaliados o acabamento, os sinais de aceleracao (vibracao) da ferramenta e o desgaste dos insertos de cBN. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as vibracoes podem assumir papel secundario no acabamento superficial, que a usinagem com ferramentas de geometria definida pode substituir a retificacao em alguns casos e que a utilizacao de amortecedores passivos pode ser uma solucao simples para a usinagem de furos mais longos. Abstract
Theoretical and Experimental Demonstrations of a Dual-Band Metamaterial Absorber at Mid-Infrared

We present the design, fabrication, and physical interpretation of an infrared dual-band metamaterial absorber. The unit cell of the metamaterial absorber consists of a cross resonator ringed by four split-ring resonators spaced a distance above a gold ground plane with a dielectric layer of SiO2. The absorber shows two absorption peaks of 90.3% and 88.4% at 4.17 μm and 4.86 μm, respectively. The multireflection interference theory is applied to explain the absorption mechanism with the gold ground plane described by Drude model, and the theoretical calculation agrees well with the simulations and experiments. In addition, the designed absorber is insensitive to incident angle and polarization direction in a broad range, which are highly favorable features in practical applications.
Coupled translational-vibrational activation in dissociative hydrogen adsorption on Cu(110).

The initial dissociative sticking probability of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ on Cu(110) has been measured using vibrationally hot, translationally cold-seeded beams. The results indicate a dissociative barrier which is accessed through energy partition in both translational and vibrational degrees of freedom in the im- pinging hydrogen molecule. The experiment has enabled a determination of the translational requirement in dissociating hydrogen in the first vibrational excited state, and the results place the barrier at \ensuremath{\sim}1 eV, in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Short Communication Immunohistochemical Labeling for Dpc4 Mirrors Genetic Status in Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas A New Marker of DPC4 Inactivation

DPC4 (MADH4, SMAD4) is a tumor suppressor gene inactivated by allelic loss in approximately 55% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Unfortunately, it can be technically very difficult to detect the inactivation of DPC4 at the genetic level because genetic analyses require the microdissection of relatively pure samples of neoplastic and normal tissues. This is especially true for pancreatic adenocarcinomas, which elicit vigorous, non-neoplastic, stromal responses. Immunohistochemical labeling can overcome this hurdle because it preserves morphological information. We therefore studied the expression of the DPC4 gene product in 46 cancers, including 5 cancer cell lines by Western blot analysis and 41 primary periampullary adenocarcinomas by immunohistochemistry. The status of exons 1–11 of the DPC4 gene in all 46 of the cancers had been previously characterized at the molecular level, allowing us to correlate Dpc4 expression directly with gene status. Three cell lines had wild-type DPC4 genes, and Dpc4 expression was detected in all three by Western blot. The two cell lines with homozygously deleted DPC4 genes did not show Dpc4 protein by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed that 17 (94%) of the 18 primary adenocarcinomas with wild-type DPC4 genes expressed the DPC4 gene product, whereas 21 (91%) of 23 primary adenocarcinomas with inactivated DPC4 genes did not. Cases in which there was discordance between the immunohistochemical labeling and the genetic analyses were reanalyzed genetically, and we identified a deletion in exon 0 of DPC4 in one of these cases. This is the first report of a mutation in exon 0 of DPC4 in a pancreatic cancer. The contrast between the strong expression of Dpc4 by normal tissues and the loss of expression in the carcinomas was highlighted in several cases in which an infiltrating cancer was identified growing into a benign duct. These observations suggest that immunohistochemical labeling for the DPC4 gene product is an extremely sensitive and specific marker for DPC4 gene alterations in pancreatic carcinomas. The sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical labeling for Dpc4 in other periampullary carcinomas has yet to be determined. (Am J Pathol 2000, 156:37–43)
RECIPROCITY-BUILDING AND THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION IN TUBERCULOSIS RESEARCH

Cross-disciplinary, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary collaboration, however it may be labelled, plays a pivotal role in tuberculosis (TB) research. Simandan’s emotive commentary (Simandan, 2017) reminds us that we should not understate the harmful social consequences experienced by TB patients, nor should we ignore the impact of structural adjustment policies upon infectious disease transmission. The observation that neoliberal restructuring in many countries has been strongly connected to an increase in TB incidence is compelling. Adding nuance to this picture, economic development in high-income countries prior to the development of antibiotics is correlated with a decrease in TB prevalence (Holloway et al., 2014), but ironically economic transformation in lowand middle-income countries after the development of antibiotics is associated with increasing prevalence of drug-resistant TB. In Papua New Guinea, for example, strain replacement of drug-susceptible TB by drug-resistant TB is imminent within the next decade (Trauer et al., 2016). The cost-effectiveness measures of neoliberal governance are visibly working in favour of disease transmission and the evolution of drug resistance (Spiliotopoulou et al., 2013; McMillen, 2015). New interdisciplinary research alliances, not just with medical anthropologists, health sociologists and social cognitive psychologists, but with social geographers, policy analysts and health economists, will no doubt be essential to investigating the patterns of relationships between economic movement and host–pathogen interactions. We actively encourage new multidisciplinary research projects in this area. Delineating clear links between socioeconomic transitions, global health policy and the evolution of drugresistant pathogens is vital. Given that strategies to effectively use the currently available antimicrobials are not being implemented, then resistance to drugs developed in the
Anytime reliability of systematic LDPC convolutional codes

We propose a LDPC Convolutional Code ensemble together with an expanding-window message-passing decoder that asymptotically have anytime properties when used for streaming transmission on the binary erasure channel. We show analytically that the decoding erasure probability of these codes decays exponentially over decoding delay and determine the corresponding anytime exponents.
Online data-driven fuzzy modeling for nonlinear dynamic systems

In this paper, a new method for online learning of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) model from input-output data is presented. It is based on a novel learning algorithm that recursively updates T-S model structure and parameters by combining supervised and unsupervised learning. The rule-base and parameters of the T-S model continually evolve by adding new rules with more summarization power and by modifying existing rules and parameters. To reduce the complexity of fuzzy models while keeping good model accuracy, some approximate similarity measures and simplification methods are presented. Using these methods, the redundant fuzzy rules are removed or merged. The simplified rule base is computationally efficient and linguistically interpretable. The consequent parameters of the T-S model are identified and optimized by Kalman filter. The approach has been successfully applied to T-S models of non-linear function approximation and dynamical system modeling.
Comparison of Tear Function Tests and Impression Cytology with the Ocular Findings in Acne Rosacea

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between tear function tests and impression cytology results and the clinical findings in ocular rosacea. Methods Patients with a histopathologic and clinical diagnosis of acne rosacea were studied. Ocular examination consisted of best-corrected visual acuity measurement, slitlamp examination, tear break-up time (BUT), basal Schirmer test, and rose Bengal staining. Impression cytology was done two days later. Ocular findings and symptoms were checked and scored. Age-matched controls were assessed using the same parameters. Results The most frequent symptoms were itching (80%), redness (68%), burning (64%), and photophobia (60%). The most frequent clinical findings were meibomitis (92%), telangiectasis (88%), blepharitis (84%), superficial punctate keratopathy (72%), and hyperemia (60%). Mean tear BUT was 9.6 ± 3.1 (SD) seconds (range 5–17 seconds). Mean Schirmer test measured 11.4 ± 1.6 mm (SD) (range 8–15 mm). Mean rose Bengal staining scored 1.8 ± 0.1. Mean tear BUT, Schirmer test and rose Bengal staining scores were lower in the rosacea group than the control group (p<0.003, p=0.04, p≤0.038, respectively). Staining was pathologic in 18 patients (36%) and the highest staining score was 4. No significant difference was found between the stages of the nasal and temporal conjunctival impression cytologies in each eye, and there was no relationship between impression cytology stages and rose Bengal scores (p>0.05). A significant relation was observed between the stages of impression cytology and the severity of meibomitis (Fisher's test, χ2=9.625, p=0.001). The Schirmer test gave lower results in patients with severe blepharitis (Mann-Whitney U Test, U=180.5, p=0.034). Conclusions Early diagnosis prevents serious ocular complications and chronic dry eye in rosacea. We suggest that in addition to tear function tests, rose Bengal staining and impression cytology can be successfully used in the early diagnosis of dry eye and in monitoring medical treatment in ocular rosacea. Meibomian glands play an important role in the pathogenesis of the ocular disease.
A STUDY OF CORONARY ARTERIAL DOMINANCE PATTERN

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Priyadharshini. S, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, AlAzhar Medical College and Super speciality hospital, Ezhalloor, Thodupuzha, Idukki District, Kerala – 685605, India. E-Mail: guhan_priya@yahoo.in Background: The pattern of coronary arterial dominance varies in different populations. The knowledge of dominant pattern of coronary arteries has clinical significance. It is important in the interpretation of findings of cardiovascular diseases and in planning the treatment. Though right dominance is more prevalent, coronary artery disease is more common with those having left dominance circulation. Since adequate literature regarding coronary arterial dominance pattern and its variations in people living in and around Puducherry is not available, a study of coronary arteries in adult cadaveric hearts was undertaken. Aim and Objectives: To study the dominance pattern, variations, the external diameter and the level of termination of coronary arteries and their main branches. Materials and Methods: 50 human cadaveric hearts were studied by dissection. The origin of posterior interventricular artery was taken as the basis of dominance. The level of termination of the right coronary artery and the anterior interventricular artery was studied. The external diameter of the coronary arteries was measured using digital caliper. Variations in the coronary arteries and their branches were noted. Results: In this study the right, left and co dominance were found to be 84%, 8%, and 8% respectively. These results were compared with previous studies and discussed. Myocardial bridge was noted over the anterior interventricular artery in one heart. In one specimen a branch from both right coronary artery and circumflex artery unite to form the posterior interventricular artery. Conclusion: The majority of hearts are right dominant. The left dominance and co dominance are less common.
Advanced LVDC Electrical Power Architectures and Microgrids: A step toward a new generation of power distribution networks.

Current trends indicate that worldwide electricity distribution networks are experiencing a transformation toward direct current (dc) at both the generation and consumption level. This tendency is powered by the outburst of various electronic loads and, at the same time, the struggle to meet the lofty goals for the sharing of renewable energy sources (RESs) in satisfying total demand. RESs operate either natively at dc or have a dc link in the heart of their power electronic interface, whereas the end-point connection of electronic loads, batteries, and fuel cells is exclusively dc. Therefore, merging these devices into dedicated dc distribution architectures through corresponding dc? dc converters is an attractive option not only in terms of enhancing efficiency because of reduction of conversion steps but also for realizing power quality independence from the utility mains. These kinds of systems generally provide improved reliability in comparison to their alternating current (ac) counterparts since the number of active elements in dc? dc power electronic devices is smaller than in dc-ac converters. Control design in dc systems is also significantly simpler since there are no reactive and harmonic power flows or problems with synchronization.
Urbanization and the Predation Paradox: The Role of Trophic Dynamics in Structuring Vertebrate Communities

As the pace and extent of urbanization increase, an understanding of the mechanisms that shape wildlife communities in cities will be essential to their effective management. Predation could be an important determinant of the structure of these communities, but the research to date suggests a predation paradox: Vertebrate predator numbers increase with urbanization, whereas predation rates decline. We reviewed studies on predator abundance and the survival of terrestrial vertebrates in urban and nonurban contexts to evaluate whether the predation paradox is a widespread phenomenon. We conclude that there is substantial support for it. We discuss hypotheses to explain the paradox and suggest that urbanization has fundamentally altered trophic dynamics by reducing top-down control through multiple mechanisms and by increasing bottom-up forcing through the greater availability of anthropogenic foods. The hypotheses are summarized in a conceptual model that generates testable predictions designed to advance our understanding of trophic dynamics in metropolitan areas.
An encounter between 4e cognition and attachment theory

ABSTRACT This paper explores a constructive revision of the conceptual underpinnings of Attachment Theory through an encounter with the diverse elements of 4e cognition. Attachment relationships involve the development of preference for one or a few carers and expectations about their availability and responsiveness as a haven of safety and a base from which to explore. In attachment theory, mental representations have been assigned a central organising role in explaining attachment phenomena. The 4e cognition approaches in cognitive science raise a number of questions about the development and interplay of attachment and cognition. These include: (1) the nature of what Bowlby called ‘internal working models of attachment’; (2) the extent to which the infant–carer dyad functions as an extension of the infant's mind; and (3) whether Bowlby's attachment control system concept can be usefully re-framed in enactive terms where traditional cognitivist representations are: (3i) substituted for sensorimotor skill-focused mediating representations; (3ii) viewed as arising from autopoietic living organisms; and/or (3iii) mostly composed from the non-contentful mechanisms of basic minds? A theme that cross-cuts these research questions is how representations for capturing meaning, and structures for adaptive control, are both required to explain the full range of behaviour of interest to Attachment Theory researchers.
Survival‐promoting activity of pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide in the presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on rat motoneurons in culture: cAMP–protein kinase A‐mediated survival

Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been shown to be neurotrophic or neuroprotective in various neurons in culture. It is expressed in spinal motoneurons in vivo and its expression is increased markedly after axotomy, suggesting a neuroprotective role via an autocrine mechanism. However, neurotrophic activity of PACAP has not been reported for motoneurons. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PACAP on rat motoneurons in culture. In the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, PACAP showed significant neurotrophic activity at concentrations as low as 0.01 nM. Previously, we found that glutamate was excitotoxic to motoneurons even in the presence of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, which is neurotrophic for motoneurons. PACAP with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor protected motoneurons against this excitotoxicity. The activity of PACAP was inhibited by the protein kinase A inhibitor N‐[2‐(p‐bromocinnamylamino) ethyl]‐5‐isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride, as was the case with the activity of forskolin, suggesting downstream involvement of a cAMP–protein kinase A signaling pathway. The present results may suggest a physiological role of PACAP in vivo, and implicate the PACAP–cAMP signaling pathway for the possible therapeutic target of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as glutamate excitotoxicity was suggested in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.