Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the quality of argumentation in school science

The research reported in this paper focussed on the design of learning environments that support the teaching and learning of argumentation in a scientific context. The research took place over two years between 1999 and 2001 in junior high schools in the greater London area. The research was conducted in two phases. In the first developmental phase, working with a group of 12 science teachers, the main emphasis was to develop sets of materials and strategies to support argumentation in the classroom and to assess teachers‘ development with teaching argumentation. Data were collected by videoing and audio recording the teachers attempts to implement these lessons at the beginning and end of the year. During this phase, analytical tools for evaluating the quality of argumentation were developed based on Toulmin‘s argument pattern. Analysis of the data shows that there was significant development in the majority of teachers use of argumentation across the year. Results indicate that the pattern of use of argumentation is teacher specific, as is the nature of the change. In the second phase of the project, teachers taught the experimental groups a minimum of nine lessons which involved socioscientific or scientific argumentation. In addition, these teachers taught similar lessons to a control group at the beginning and end of the year. Here the emphasis lay on assessing the progression in student capabilities with argumentation. Hence data were collected from several lessons of two groups of students engaging in argumentation. Using a framework for evaluating the nature of the discourse and its quality, the findings show that there was an improvement in the quality of students‘ argumentation. In addition, the research offers methodological developments for work in this field.
Indication and Clinical Results of Laminoplasty for Cervical Myelopathy Caused by Disc Herniation With Developmental Canal Stenosis

Study Design. The outcome of a herniated disc in patients with cervical myelopathy treated by laminoplasty without discectomy and in those treated conservatively was studied by magnetic resonance imaging. Objectives. To compare the surgical results of laminoplasty with those of anterior spinal fusion in patients with myelopathy caused by to cervical disc herniation and to make a treatment strategy for cervical disc herniation depending on these results. Summary of Background Data. Anterior discectomy and spinal fusion have had acceptable surgical results, but many complications have been reported, especially adjacent segment degeneration and bone graft complications. Methods. Forty‐seven patients with cervical disc herniation were examined in this study. Of them, 32 patients (mean age, 56 years) underwent laminoplasty without resection of the herniated disc. Seven patients with mild cervical myelopathy and 8 patients with radiculopathy (mean age, 53 years) were treated conservatively. As a control group, 44 patients (mean age, 50.3 years) who underwent anterior spinal fusion were examined. All patients in the laminoplasty group also had congenital spinal canal stenosis in which the ventrodorsal canal diameter was less than 13 mm. The association between the outcome of a herniated disc and clinical features was investigated. The severity of myelopathy was evaluated according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association's scoring system. Surgical outcomes were evaluated by the system of Hirabayashi for determining recovery rate. Results. The recovery rate averaged 67.9% in laminoplasty and 68.8% in anterior spinal fusion. There were no significant differences between the groups. No patients underwent anterior spinal fusion after laminoplasty. Follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging showed regression of the size of the herniated disc in 15 of the 20 patients in the laminoplasty group and in 12 of 15 patients treated conservatively. In the MRI studies of the natural course of disc herniation, the size of the herniated disc decreased to almost half in 1 to 2 months and almost disappeared within 3 months after surgery. Conclusions. The size of the herniated disc in cervical lesions regressed as it does in the lumbar lesions. Laminoplasty for patients with narrowed spinal canals showed favorable surgical results. Therefore, the therapeutic method for cervical disc herniation should be chosen after taking the natural history of the disc herniation into consideration.
A robust three-phase active power-factor-correction and harmonic reduction scheme for high power

This paper proposes a robust three-phase active power-factor-correction (PFC) and harmonic reduction scheme suitable for higher power applications. The proposed system is a unique combination of a low-kilovoltampere 12-pulse rectifier system with a single-phase boost PFC scheme to shape the input current to near sinusoidal waveshape. The voltampere rating of the active PFC converter is 0.05 pu and is not exposed to line transients under varying load conditions. The proposed system is suitable for utility interface of higher power rectifiers employed in power supplies and adjustable-speed drive systems which demand clean input power characteristics in the range of 1-500 kW. The proposed system is rugged and, in the event the active control were to fail, the system reverts to 12-pulse operation with fifth and seventh harmonic cancellation. Analysis and design of the system is examined in detail, and simulation and experimental results on a 10 kVA prototype are shown.
Semi-supervised 3D Model Multiple Semantic Automatic Annotation

The purpose of annotation for 3D model is that it can automatically list the best suitable labels to describe the 3D models, it is an important part of the text-based 3D model retrieval. The existence of the semantic gap makes the result based on the similarity matching techniques needs to be improved. In order to improve the 3D model annotation performance using a large number of unlabeled samples, we propose a semi-supervised measure learning method to realize the 3D models multiple semantic annotation. A graph-based semi-supervised learning is firstly used to expand the training set, and the semantic words confidence of the models in the extension set is proposed. An improved relevant component analysis method is proposed in this paper to learn a distance measure based on the extended training set. Our approach is introduced to complete multiple semantic annotation task based on the learned distance measure. The test result on the PSB data set have shown that the method making use of the unlabeled samples has achieved a better annotation result when a small amount of labels were given.
USE OF THE INCISIVE CANAL AS A RECIPIENT SITE FOR ROOT FORM IMPLANTS: PRELIMINARY CLINICAL REPORTS

A technique is described for utilization of the augmented incisive canal as a recipient site for a root form implant. A mixture of four parts of demineralized freeze-dried bone and one part of tricalcium phosphate is used as the augmentation material. Preliminary case reports are presented that describe the placement of an implant adjacent to an augmented canal and in the incisive canal in conjunction with implants placed in newly formed bone following a sinus lift procedure. Long-term clinical evaluation of this new procedure is necessary to justify its use. (Implant Dent 1994;3:38—41)
Integration of multiple domains in a two‐component sensor protein: the Bordetella pertussis BvgAS phosphorelay.

BvgS and BvgA, a two‐component system, regulate virulence gene expression in Bordetella pertussis. BvgS is a transmembrane sensor protein that can autophosphorylate and phosphorylate BvgA. Phosphorylated BvgA activates transcription of virulence genes. The cytoplasmic region of BvgS contains three domains separated by alanine/proline‐rich sequences–the transmitter, receiver and C‐terminus. We report that the C‐terminal domain, like the transmitter and receiver, is an essential part of the phosphorelay from BvgS to BvgA. The BvgS C‐terminal domain is phosphorylated in trans via a phosphotransfer mechanism by the cytoplasmic portion of BvgS, and trans‐phosphorylation of the C‐terminal domain requires both the transmitter and receiver. We also demonstrate that phosphorylated, purified C‐terminal domain alone is sufficient for phosphotransfer to BvgA. A point mutation in the C‐terminal domain (His1172–>Gln) abolishes BvgS activity in vivo and eliminates detectable phosphorylation of BvgA in vitro. Activity of BvgS His 1172–>Gln could be restored by providing the wild‐type C‐terminal domain in trans. Our results indicate an obligatory role for an alternate phosphodonor module in the BvgAS phosphorelay.
A literature review on community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States: Clinical information for primary care nurse practitioners

Purpose: To analyze the state of the science of community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MRSA) in the United States to support the integration of current knowledge for primary care nurse practitioners' (PCNP) practice. Data sources: Published research limited to U.S. studies in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Review from 1950 to the week of September 4, 2008. Investigations were identified through electronic search engines and databases. Manual searches were done of hard copy references in journal articles. Citations and reference lists for English language research studies of CA‐MRSA in the United States were reviewed to identify additional research that fit evaluation criteria for this analysis. Conclusions: Until the late 1990s, healthcare‐associated MRSA (HA‐MRSA) was the predominant cause of serious infections. Recently, CA‐MRSA has caused infections in previously healthy nonhospitalized people. Major demographic and epidemiological differences exist between the two types of resistant bacteria; the emergence of CA‐MRSA suggests new implications for primary care. Implications for practice: PCNPs will undoubtedly treat MRSA infections and need a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenicity, diagnosis, and management of CA‐MRSA to ensure expedient and appropriate treatment. This will help to prevent invasive disease as a result of improperly treated infections.
Occupational Risk for Oral Cancer in Nordic Countries.

AIM To evaluate occupational risk for cancer of the tongue, oral cavity or pharynx after adjustment for alcohol and tobacco use. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data covered 14.9 million people and 28,623 cases of cancer of the tongue, oral cavity and pharynx in the Nordic countries 1961-2005. Alcohol consumption by occupation was estimated based on mortality from liver cirrhosis and incidence of liver cancer. Smoking by occupation was estimated based on the incidence of lung cancer. RESULTS Only few occupations had relative risks of over 1.5 for cancer of the tongue, oral cavity and pharynx. These occupations included dentists, artistic workers, hairdressers, journalists, cooks and stewards, seamen and waiters. CONCLUSION Several occupational categories, including dentists, had an increased relative risk of tongue cancer. This new finding remains to be explained but could be related to occupational chemical exposures, increased consumption of alcohol and tobacco products, or infection with human papilloma virus.
Plaque Disruption and Coronary Thrombosis: New Insight into Pathogenesis and Prevention

Clinical and pathologic studies have confirmed that disruption or superficial erosion of atherosclerotic plaque is the major cause of coronary thrombosis, which is the primary mechanism responsible for acute coronary syndromes of unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Serial angiographic studies have shown that nearly 60–70% of acute coronary syndromes evolve from mildly to moderately obstructive atherosclerotic plaques. The risk of plaque disruption appears to be a function of both plaque vulnerability (intrinsic factors) and extrinsic triggers, and is determined largely by the size of the lipid‐rich atheromatous core, the thickness of the fibrous cap covering the core, and the presence of ongoing inflammation within and underneath the cap. Hemodynamic or mechanical stresses may precipitate plaque disruption, particularly in places where the fibrous cap is weakest, such as the shoulders. The degree of thrombosis following plaque disruption depends on the thrombogenicity of the disrupted plaque, the disturbed local rheology, and the systemic thrombotic‐thrombolytic milieu. Surges in sympathetic activity (such as those provoked by sudden vigorous exercise, emotional stress, or cold weather) may also trigger plaque disruption. These observations have led to the concept of plaque stabilization as a new strategy for the prevention of acute coronary syndromes. Plaque stabilization can be achieved through pharmacologic and lifestyle‐modifying interventions that alter plaque composition and/or inflammatory activity within the plaque and thus reduce its vulnerability to disruption.
Tapping CD4 T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy: The Choice of Personalized Genomics

Cellular immune responses that protect against tumors typically have been attributed to CD8 T cells. However, CD4 T cells also play a central role. It was shown recently that, in a patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma, CD4 T cells specific for a peptide from a mutated region of ERBB2IP could arrest tumor progression. This and other recent findings highlight new opportunities for CD4 T cells in cancer immunotherapy. In this article, I discuss the role and regulation of CD4 T cells in response to tumor Ags. Emphasis is placed on the types of Ags and mechanisms that elicit tumor-protective responses. I discuss the advantages and drawbacks of cancer immunotherapy through personalized genomics. These considerations should help to guide the design of next-generation therapeutic cancer vaccines.
Fast track referrals for colorectal cancer: the impact of the faecal occult blood test screening programme

Implementation of the national faecal occult blood test screening programme for colorectal cancer (CRC) in the UK will lead to a 69% increase in the annual number of endoscopy investigations. Current capacity for these investigations will be inadequate and the real costs of implementing the programme will exceed the funding allocated. Since July 2000, hospital specialists have been required to see any patient suspected of having colorectal cancer within 2 weeks of referral [1]. Known as fast-track referral or two-week wait, this system has significantly changed the traditional conduits of referral from primary care to the hospital setting. The use of a proforma helps to identify a group of high-risk symptoms and signs that warrant urgent referral and investigation, usually by colonoscopy [2], although some 15% may be investigated by barium enema [3]. In August 2005, the UK Department of Health (DoH) stated its intent to screen all members of the UK public aged 60–69 years for CRC [4]. The screening test, based on faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) would be performed once every 2 years and, when fully implemented, is estimated to reduce mortality from CRC by 15% [5], at a cost of £37.5 million in its first 2 years. In this article, we look at the number and outcomes of fast track referrals, the likely number of new referrals generated as a result of the FOBT screening programme and the projected costs. We question if there is sufficient capacity in the current system to absorb these new referrals, and whether the funding allocated by the DoH is realistic.
Incorporation of simian virus 5 fusion protein into murine leukemia virus particles and its effect on the co-incorporation of retroviral envelope glycoproteins.

We describe the generation of murine leukemia virus (MLV) virus particles carrying the paramyxovirus fusion protein F from simian virus 5 (SV5-F). This glycoprotein was expressed in cells providing Moloney MLV (MoMLV) Gag and Pol proteins and a lacZ retroviral vector. SV5-F was correctly expressed, processed, and efficiently incorporated into retroviral particles. SV5-F-bearing retroviruses were not infectious although a weak binding to primate and rodent cells could be detected and SV5-F could mediate cell to cell fusion. We then co-expressed the SV5-F glycoprotein in retroviral particles with chimeric and wild-type MoMLV envelope glycoproteins. Our results show that F strongly inhibited infection via the retroviral envelopes although the mechanism of inhibition was different depending on the retroviral envelope used.
Information Extraction and Gathering for Search Engines: The Taylor Approach

In this paper we present Taylor, a search engine designed to reduce the effort required by a user for the perusal of documents. This is accomplished by delivering document passages to the user, rather than a list of pointers to documents. We discussed our strategy, called extraction/gathering, where passages are extracted according to the query and the document structure, and gathered and delivered using virtual document technology. We describe Taylor and one of its application to a collection of Java-related documents.
The Personality Organization Diagnostic Form: Development of a Revised Version

The purpose of this study is to examine the interrater reliability, validity, and internal consistency of a revised version of the Personality Organization Diagnostic Form (PODF; Diguer et al., 2001), a measure that evaluates the major dimensions of Kernberg's model of Personality Organizations (PO). Results show that the revised PODF can be scored with an interrater reliability ranging from good to excellent for the personality dimensions and the global PO (GPO) score. Factor analysis shows that items tend to regroup according to Kernberg's model. The optimal solution includes 2 factors: a borderline-neurotic continuum and a psychotic factor. Internal consistency and convergence with clinical evaluations also indicate moderate to good validity. Convergent validity with mental health and psychiatric severity is good, and in accordance with Kernberg's model. The revised PODF therefore appears to possess sound psychometric properties, with numerous advantages over its predecessor. Its utility for clinical and research work is also discussed.
Analysis of neuronal cell death in the cerebral cortex of H-Tx rats with compensated hydrocephalus.

OBJECT Some cases of compensatory hydrocephalus have been reported in which cognitive deficiency progresses despite the absence of progressive ventricular dilation. In this study, the differentially expressed genes in compensated hydrocephalic H-Tx rat cortices were determined. A molecular mechanism that induces neuronal death in the cerebral cortex of compensated hydrocephalus is proposed. METHODS The cerebral cortices of 8-week-old H-Tx rats with spontaneously arrested hydrocephalus (hH-Tx) and nonhydrocephalic H-Tx (nH-Tx) control rats were subjected to cDNA microarray analysis followed by canonical pathway analysis. RESULTS In the hH-Tx rats, many genes in the amyloidal processing pathway showed altered expression, including Akt3 and p38 MAPK. These latter genes are involved in tau protein phosphorylation, and their increased expression in hydrocephalus was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Immunohistological and immunoblot analysis revealed elevated phosphorylated tau expression in the cerebral cortex neurons of the hH-Tx rats. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein in the cerebral cortex may be one of the mechanisms by which later cognitive dysfunction develops in patients with compensated hydrocephalus. More work needs to be done to determine if the accumulation of phosphorylated tau in the cortex can help predict which patients may decompensate thus requiring more aggressive treatment for compensated hydrocephalus.
Signal propagation-based outlier reduction technique (SPORT) for crowdsourcing in indoor localization using fingerprints

Crowdsourcing allows for rapid deployment of indoor localization systems. However, compared to the conventional methods, crowdsourcing might collect fewer received signal strength (RSS) values, hence result in greater influence to outliers in RSS values. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to detect such outliers and to substitute them with more suitable RSS values. In particular, we investigate the relationship of RSS values between adjacent locations using a signal propagation model and show that the outliers can be corrected using a signal propagation model. We propose the Signal Propagation-based Outlier Reduction Technic (SPORT) for identifying and adjusting outlier values in both the offline training phase and the online localization phase. Experimental results show that SPORT greatly smoothens the radio map and improves the location accuracy.
Criticismo Ludológico: Simulação ergódica (jogabilidade) vs ficção narrativa

Neste ensaio pretendemos reflectir sobre algumas das diferencas a estabelecer entre as nocoes de «jogabilidade ergodica» e de «ficcao narrativa», essencialmente, por relacao com as categorias de «simulacao» e de «representacao ». Como acontece sempre em casos semelhantes, as primeiras investigacoes neste campo do saber (que se desenvolvem como uma das linhas de investigacao do criticismo ludologico, sobretudo, a partir dos finais dos anos 90) consideram o estudo dos jogos no contexto das teorias ja existentes, em especial, comparativamente as teorias narratologicas, o que nao sera de estranhar se se disser que, com efeito, enquanto o estudo sobre jogos tem perto de 40 anos, o sobre narrativas ja leva varios seculos de avanco, sendo um dos mais influentes da nossa cultura Ocidental, iniciandose, precisamente, com os estudos desenvolvidos a partir da Poetica aristotelica. No entanto, se havera, porventura, jogos em que a composicao «narrativa» e por demais evidente (como e o caso, por exemplo, da maioria dos de aventura), contudo, havera outros em que ela e (claramente) substituida pela componente «jogabilidade» e pelos mecanismos de (pura) simulacao. Por exemplo, uma coisa e a «representacao» (imagetica) da cidade de Londres e outra, bem diferente, a «simulacao» (maquinica) de uma cidade de Sim City, obedecendo a um «modelo» que inclui «regras» (de comportamento). Ou seja, enquanto uma narrativa descreve acontecimentos particulares, passiveis de serem generalizados para se inferirem as regras; os jogos, enquanto simulacoes, baseiam-se em regras gerais que podem ser aplicadas a casos particulares, possibilitando a «experimentacao» e a possibilidade de se «modelar» as regras que governam o sistema. A questao que prima facie se coloca, e que ja tem vindo a ser referida, com maior ou menor insistencia e acutilância, por outros teoricos, e saber se este novo objecto de estudo, designado de «videojogo» ou de «jogo de electronico/computador», enquanto objecto de estudo da Ludologia (mas que nao se esgota nele! ), nao obriga a construcao de novas categorias hermeneuticas, por implicar uma actividade, em termos de experiencia, diferente daquela analisada, em termos formais, pelas metodologias descritivas em causa. E que, com efeito, a categoria da simulacao ergodica/«jogabilidade» permite novas formas de experienciar/construir a mediacao/imersao e, com ela, mais perto de nos retratarmos, ludica e maquinicamente, do lado-de-la do espelho/ecra (diferente do espelho/papel) em que nos vemos transformar, quantas vezes heteronimicamente, numa qualquer Alice feita gente.