Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor microenvironment as a potential source of clinical biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer: can we use enemy territory at our advantage?

The relevance of tumor microenvironment (TME) in tumorigenesis is widely known, and many efforts have been made in order to fully understand its peculiarities (1). It is acknowledged that tumor cells closely interact with TME, which is constituted by blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, signaling molecules, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). On one hand, tumor cells modify the microenvironment by releasing extracellular signals, thus promoting immune tolerance and neoangiogenesis, resulting in an ecosystem that is suitable for their survival; on the other hand, the now-adapted TME promotes proliferation and survival of neoplastic cells (2,3).
La Complejidad Paramétrica de Minar Grafos 1, Resultados Negativos

En este articulo analizamos la complejidad parametrica de algunos problemas tipicos en mineria de grafos, especificamente nosotros analizamos la complejidad parametrica del problema de listado consistente en: Dado G un grafo-input, liste todos los subgrafos frecuentes de G de un tamano dado. En el articulo se prueban cotas superiores para algunas restricciones adecuadas del problema.
Specificities of antibodies to morphine.

3-Carboxymethylmorphine was coupled to polylysine with the use of carbodiimide. The conjugates, complexed to succinylated hemocyanin, were used to immunize rabbits and guinea pigs. Antibody activity, found in the 7 S γ-globulin fraction of the rabbit serum, increased during the course of immunization. Codeine was most effectively bound to anti-carboxymethylmorphine. In order of decreasing effectiveness, dihydrocodeine, morphine, heroin, hydromorphone and nalorphine also cross-react with anti-carboxymethylmorphine. A radioimmunoassay for measurement of these compounds at the picomole level has been developed. Twenty-two of 35 extracts of autopsy sera from cases of sudden death suspected of drug abuse were positive when tested for reaction with the morphine antiserum by this radioimmunoassay.
The Effect of Mild Hyperuricemia on Urinary Transforming Growth Factor Beta and the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

Although mild hyperuricemia is common in patients with renal disease, it has usually been considered a marker of reduced nephron mass rather than a risk factor for progression of kidney disease. On the other hand, experiments in a rat model demonstrated important deleterious effects of mild hyperuricemia on several aspects of renal structure and function. In the present investigation, the impact of the discontinuation of allopurinol therapy on the control of hypertension and the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease was considered. The present work involved 50 patients, suffering from stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease. All of them were on chronic allopurinol therapy for the treatment of mild hyperuricemia. Their blood pressure, serum creatinine and uric acid levels were followed for 12 months following allopurinol withdrawal. Urinary transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) was assayed by a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After allopurinol withdrawal, significant worsening of hypertension, significant acceleration of the rate of loss of kidney function and a significant increase in the urinary excretion of TGF-β1 were observed in the group of patients who were not receiving pharmacological blockers of the renin-angiotensin system. In conclusion, asymptomatic hyperuricemia has a deleterious effect on the progression of chronic kidney disease and the control of hypertension. This effect was blocked by treatment with renin-angiotensin system blockers.
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for prostate cancer: Current clinical status, outcomes and future perspectives

Two devices are currently available for the treatment of prostate cancer with HIFU: Sonablate® and Ablatherm®. The outcomes achieved for primary-care patient are very promissing with mid- and long-term progression-free survival rates around 70%, negative postoperative prostate biopsies almost 85%, and an excellent morbidity profile. Moreover, HIFU has a considerable potential for local recurrence after radiation failure. Recently, some early experiences on focal therapy suggest that HIFU could be an excellent option for highly selected patient.
POST‐PERMANENT ACCESS NEUROPATHY

1. Carpal tunnel syndrome independent of uremic polyneuropathy has been described in 4 patients. 2. Operative findings are consistent with intraneural vascular compression related to the forearm A-V fistula. 3. Intraneural neurolysis results in immediate and almost total symptomatic relief.
Comment on "String-dominated universe"

Theoretical prejudice favors the flat(k=0) cosmology, and the inflationary Universe scenario implements this prejudice in a natural way. For the k=0 model . cap omega. (defined as rho total/rho critical; rho total = rho NR + rho vac + rho R + rho S) = 1. However, observational data suggests: . cap omega. /sub OBS/ approx. = 0.2' +- 0.1', where +- 0.1 indicates the range of values reported. This discrepancy is known as the . cap omega. -problem. A number of solutions have been suggested: . cap omega. /sub OBS/ is determined by assuming that light (i.e., galaxies) traces mass - perhaps this assumption is not valid; . cap omega. /sub OBS/ is not sensitive to a smoothly-distributed component of mass density - perhaps most of the mass density resides in a smooth component. Candidates for the smooth component include: relativistic particles (rho/sub R/), a relic cosmological term (rho/sub vac/), and in a recent letter Vilenkin has suggested fast-moving strings (rho/sub S/).
Adapting image processing and clustering methods to productive efficiency analysis and benchmarking: A cross disciplinary approach

This dissertation explores the interdisciplinary applications of computational methods in quantitative economics. Particularly, this thesis focuses on problems in productive efficiency analysis and benchmarking that are hardly approachable or solvable using conventional methods. In productive efficiency analysis, null or zero values are often produced due to the wrong skewness or low kurtosis of the inefficiency distribution as against the distributional assumption on the inefficiency term. This thesis uses the deconvolution technique, which is traditionally used in image processing for noise removal, to develop a fully non-parametric method for efficiency estimation. Publication I and Publication II are devoted to this topic, with focus being laid on the cross-sectional case and panel case, respectively. Through Monte-Carlo simulations and empirical applications to Finnish electricity distribution network data and Finnish banking data, the results show that the Richardson-Lucy blind deconvolution method is insensitive to the distributional assumptions, robust to the data noise levels and heteroscedasticity on efficiency estimation. In benchmarking, which could be the next step of productive efficiency analysis, the ‘best practice’ target may not perform under the same operational environment with the DMU under study. This would render the benchmarks impractical to follow and, consequently, adversely affects the managers to make the correct decisions on performance improvement of a DMU. This dissertation proposes a clustering-based benchmarking framework in Publication III. In this framework, we group the DMUs into segments using clustering methods based on certain metrics under interest, and estimate the efficiencies afterwards to pin down the segment-specific benchmark for DMUs within each cluster. The empirical study on Finnish electricity distribution network reveals that the proposed framework novels not only in its efficient consideration on the differences of the operational environment among DMUs, but also its extreme flexibility, e.g., the clustering and efficiency estimation techniques are user-decided according to their specific needs and preference. We conducted a comparison analysis on the different combinations of the clustering and efficiency estimation techniques using computational simulations and empirical applications to Finnish electricity distribution network data. Based on the results, Publication IV proposes the combined use of ‘the normal mixture model based clustering’ and ‘the stochastic semi-nonparametric envelopment of data (StoNED)’. This is because that such a combination could produce more accurate 1 DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 134/2016 Adapting image processing and clustering methods to productive efficiency analysis and benchmarking: A cross disciplinary approach
The double superficiality of the frontal image of the Turin Shroud

Photographs of the back surface of the Turin Shroud were analysed to verify the existence of a double body image of a man. The body image is very faint and the background not uniform; i.e., the signal-to-noise ratio is lower than one. Therefore, image processing, developed ad hoc, was necessary to highlight body features. This was based on convolution with Gaussian filters, summation of images, and filtering in spatial frequency by direct and inverse bidimensional Fourier transformations. Body features were identified by template matching. The face and probably also the hands are visible on the back of the Turin Shroud, but not features related to the dorsal image.
Chemical parameters, antimicrobial activities, and tissue toxicity of 0.1 and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solutions

ffe chemical parameters, antimicrobial activity, and tissue toxicity of two sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions buffered to a physiologic pH were studied. Initially, a 0.5% NaOCl solution buffered with 3 g of NaH2PO4 per liter was examined. The solution had a pH of 7.49 and an osmolality of 352 mOsmol/liter. When compared with unbuffered and NaHCO3-buffered 0.5% NaOCl solutions, the NaH2PO4-buffered solution was significantly more effective in killing Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. However, the pH of the NaH2PO4-buffered solution decreased over time with a concomitant decrease in antibacterial activity. A freshly prepared solution decontaminated human cadaveric skin colonized by S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Candida albicans in vitro within 10 min of exposure, whereas a 24-h-old solution cleared the skin of organisms within 15 min. When gauze soaked with 0.5% NaOCl was applied to guinea pig skin for 2 weeks, a 15% decrease in basal cell viabilities was noted. Because of the pH instability and basal cell toxicity, a 0.1% NaOCl solution buffered with NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4 was evaluated. This solution had an osmolality of 386 mOsmol/liter and a pH of 7.4 that was stable over 1 week. A freshly prepared 0.1% NaOCl solution decontaminated skin colonized with S. aureus, C. albicans, and P. aeruginosa within 10, 20, and 30 min, respectively. A 24-h-old solution did not completely decontaminate the colonized skin but significantly reduced the number of microorganisms on the skin surface (P less than 0.001). Application of this solution of guinea pig skin for 2 weeks produced no significant effect on basal cell viabilities. These solutions may serve as alternative topical agents for use in burn therapy.
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: A distinctive and highly aggressive neoplasm

Eleven cases of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma were treated between 1975 and 1986. This distinctive neoplasm involved the orbital cavity in 6 of 11 patients (55%) and the cranial cavity in 7 of 11 patients (64%) at the time of presentation. Of the eight patients (73%) who died of disease, six died within 13 months after the diagnosis. One patient has no evidence of disease 10 months after therapy, and two are alive with disease after 15 and 22 months.
Determination of Sensitive Transmission Lines Due to the Effect of Protection System Hidden Failure in a Critical System Cascading Collapse

Protection system hidden failures have been identified as one of the main causes of system cascading collapse resulting to power system instability. In this paper, a systematic approach is presented in order to identify the probability of a system cascading collapse by taking into consideration the effect of protection system hidden failure. This includes the accurate calculation of the probability of hidden failure as it will provide significant impinge on the findings of the probability of system cascading collapse. The probability of a system cascading collapse is then used to identify the initial tripping of sensitive transmission lines which will contribute to a critical system cascading collapse. Based on the results obtained from this study, it is important to decide on the accurate value of the hidden failure probability as it will affect the probability of a system cascading collapse. Keywords—Critical system cascading collapse, hidden failure, probability of cascading collapse, sensitive transmission lines.
The Anatomical and Physiological Framework for Vestibular Prostheses

This article reviews the structure function of the vestibular system and its pathology with respect to requirements for the design and construction of a functional vestibular prosthesis. The ultimate goal of a vestibular prosthesis is to restore balance and equilibrium through direct activation of vestibular nerve fibers. An overview of the peripheral and central vestibular systems that highlights their most important functional aspects re: the design of a prosthesis is provided. Namely, the peripheral labyrinth faithfully transduces head motion and gravity in both the time and frequency domains. These signals are described in hopes that they may be prosthetically replicated. The peripheral and central connections of the vestibular nerve are also discussed in detail, as are the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem that receive VIIIth nerve innervation. Lastly, the functional effector pathways of the vestibular system, including the vestibulo‐ocular, vestibulo‐spinal, vestibulo‐colic, vestibulo‐autonomic, and vestibular efferent innervation of the labyrinth are reviewed. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photosystem I, an Improved Model of the Stromal Subunits PsaC, PsaD, and PsaE*

An improved electron density map of photosystem I (PSI) calculated at 4-Å resolution yields a more detailed structural model of the stromal subunits PsaC, PsaD, and PsaE than previously reported. The NMR structure of the subunit PsaE of PSI fromSynechococcus sp. PCC7002 (Falzone, C. J., Kao, Y.-H., Zhao, J., Bryant, D. A., and Lecomte, J. T. J. (1994)Biochemistry 33, 6052–6062) has been used as a model to interpret the region of the electron density map corresponding to this subunit. The spatial orientation with respect to other subunits is described as well as the possible interactions between the stromal subunits. A first model of PsaD consisting of a four-stranded β-sheet and an α-helix is suggested, indicating that this subunit partly shields PsaC from the stromal side. In addition to the improvements on the stromal subunits, the structural model of the membrane-integral region of PSI is also extended. The current electron density map allows the identification of the N and C termini of the subunits PsaA and PsaB. The 11-transmembrane α-helices of these subunits can now be assigned uniquely to the hydrophobic segments identified by hydrophobicity analyses.
Distribution of GABA and other amino acids in different tissues of the gastropod mollusc Helix pomatia, including in vitro experiments with 14 C glucose and 14 C glutamic acid.

Microchromatography on 3 × 3 cm polyamide layers of dansyl-compounds was used to study the distribution of free amino acids, GABA, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindole and 5-hydroxytryptophan in the brain, optic tentacle, pharyngeal retractor muscle and heart of Helix pomatia. In addition the formation of GABA after incubation in U- 14C glucose or U- I4C glutamic acid was studied.Low amounts of GABA were for the first time shown to occur in all four tissues studied. In addition taurine, thought to be absent from terrestrial gastropods, was shown to occur in the snail's tissues.In vitro incubation of brain and heart with 14C labelled glucose demonstrated the formation of 14C glutamic acid, 14 C glutamine, 14C alanine and 14C aspartic acid. These amino acids, in addition to 14C GABA, were formed when brain and heart were incubated with 14C labelled glutamic acid.The distribution of amino acids in all other tissues studied showed some similarities, with the exception of ornithine which is low in the brain compared wit.
Topical tazarotene 0.05% versus glycolic acid 70% treatment in X-linked ichthyosis due to extensive deletion of the STS gene.

Sir, X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) appears in the immediate neonatal period as a generalized large, slightly adherent, lightly coloured desquamation commonly affecting the scalp, preauricular area and posterior neck (1). In time, large, often dark scales, preferentially located on the trunk and extensor aspect of the extremities, become prominent. The palms, soles and face are generally spared (1). Cutaneous histopathological findings of XLI are not diagnostic, being characterized by orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and a normal or slightly thickened granular layer. In the dermis, oedema and a slight perivascular inflammatory infiltrate can be observed (1). The most common associated extracutaneous findings include corneal opacities, cryptorchidism, epilepsy and electro-encephalographic changes (1). XLI is caused by deficient activity of the steroid sulphatase (STS) enzyme due, in most patients, to complete or partial deletions of the STS gene mapped on Xp22.3 (2–5). Therapeutic approaches for the treatment of mild to moderate cutaneous manifestations of XLI include keratolytic agents, moisturizers and topical retinoids, while systemic retinoids have been successfully employed in severe forms (6, 7). We describe a 22-year-old man with XLI associated with epilepsy. A within-patient study comparing topical tazarotene 0.05% and glycolic acid 70% resulted in almost complete remission of cutaneous lesions, although a longer response durability was achieved with tazarotene.
Virgibacillus soli sp. nov., isolated from mountain soil.

A Gram-positive bacterium (strain CC-YMP-6(T)) was isolated from soil samples collected from Yang-Ming Mountain, Taiwan. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-YMP-6(T) clearly belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and was most closely related to the type strains of Virgibacillus halophilus (96.2 % similarity) and Virgibacillus kekensis (96.3 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the polar lipid profile was composed of the major components diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified phospholipid plus moderate amounts of two unidentified aminophospholipids and a phospholipid. The polyamine pattern comprised spermidine as the single major component with spermine and putrescine present in minor amounts. The major fatty acids of strain CC-YMP-6(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(15 : 0). The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the clear phenotypic differentiation of strain CC-YMP-6(T) from all recognized species of the genus Virgibacillus. Strain CC-YMP-6(T) is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-YMP-6(T) (=DSM 22952(T)=CCM 7714(T)).
Pseudo-Boolean Solutions to Multidimensional Location Problems

This paper presents a pseudo-boolean formulation of location problems based on a concept of a "dummy" supply source activated outside a given distribution. First, it formulates a simple location problem as a pseudo-boolean function that can be optimized with existing boolean optimization algorithms. Later the formulation is extended to multidimensional location problems. Two such problems are analyzed: the first involves a distribution system with plants for production of different commodities; the second involves a distribution system with consumer demand and its pattern varying with time.
Role of Direct Laryngoscopy and Bronchoscopy in Recurrent Croup

Objective To determine risk factors in children with recurrent croup that predict moderate/severe findings on direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy and need for further operative interventions. Study Design Retrospective chart review cohort. Setting Tertiary care children’s hospital. Subjects and Methods Retrospective chart review of 103 patients diagnosed with recurrent croup who underwent diagnostic laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy from January 2004 to August 2013. Statistical analysis determined risk factors significantly associated with moderate/severe operative findings. A probability tree was formulated. Results Of 103 patients, 30.1% had history of intubation, 6.8% had a history of subglottic stenosis, 6.8% had a history of previous airway procedure, 11.7% consultations were inpatient, 64.1% had asthma, 47.6% had seasonal allergies, 60.2% had gastroesophageal reflux disease, 15.5% were aged ≤12 months, and 51.5% were ≤36 months. Statistically significant risk factors in predicting moderately/severely abnormal operative findings included consultation location (P = .010), history of intubation (P = .003), age younger than 36 months (P = .013), and seasonal allergies (P = .035). When using location of consultation, history of intubation, and age in a statistical model, diagnostic accuracy equaled 93.5%. Of children without history of intubation but who underwent inpatient otolaryngology consultation, 28.6% had moderate/severe findings. Likewise, 41.2% of children with a history of intubation who were younger than 36 months of age had moderate/severe findings. Conclusion Moderate to severe operative findings are encountered in only 8.7% of children with recurrent croup. Using statistical modeling, 2 high-risk groups are (1) patients without a history of intubation but inpatient consultation and (2) patients with a history of intubation and age younger than 36 months.
Performing the Retrieve Step in a Case-based Reasoning System for Decision Making in Intrusion Scenarios

The present paper describes implementation of a case-based reasoning system involved in a crisis management project for infrastructural building security. The goal is to achieve an expert system, capable of making decisions in real-time to quickly neutralize one or more intruders that threaten strategic installations. This article presents development of usual CBR stages, such as case representation, retrieval phase and validation process, mainly focusing on the retrieving phase, approaching it through two strategies: similarity functions and decision tree structures. The designing case, such as the discretization values that are adopted, will also discussed. Finally, results on the retrieving phase performance are shown and analyzed according to well-known crossvalidations, such as k-validations or leave-one-out. This work is supported by project CENIT-HESPERIA.
Real-time, dynamic control of dynamic power filters in supplies with high contamination

A real-time closed loop controller system used for controlling dynamic power filters under rapidly varying nonlinear loading condition is tested and evaluated. With the aid of a dedicated microprocessor system using correlation algorithms, real-time reference signals for a dynamic compensation system are generated. In order to facilitate a cost-effective compensation system, separate compensation of the fundamental reactive power component and the harmonic components is further investigated. A total algorithm time of 312 mu s in a 50 Hz system is achieved, providing accurate compensation effort up to the 21 power system harmonic. <<ETX>>