Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precision, accuracy and bias of walked line-transect distance sampling to estimate eastern grey kangaroo population size

Abstract Context. Distance sampling is widely used to estimate the size of wildlife populations, including kangaroos. However, the performance of distance-sampling abundance estimates has seldom been evaluated for wild mammal populations of known size. Aims. We evaluated the precision, accuracy, bias and interval coverage of abundance estimates from walked line-transect sampling, a commonly used distance-sampling method, for a marked free-ranging population of eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) at Yanakie Isthmus, Wilsons Promontory National Park, south-eastern Australia. Methods. In each of two study periods (November 2012 and May 2013) we first determined the true size of the uniquely marked kangaroo population by conducting 10 intensive searches of the study area. We then conducted distance sampling along six systematically spaced line transects. We walked each transect four times in November 2012 and seven times in May 2013. Data were analysed using Program DISTANCE. Key results. Our intensive searches revealed that 141 and 124 collared kangaroos were present in the study area in November 2012 and May 2013, respectively. When transects were walked four or more times (i.e. ≥400 observations), maximum precision (coefficient of variation; CV of ∼13%) was achieved in both survey periods. Walking transects twice (i.e. ∼200 observations) produced abundance estimates with CVs of <20% in each study period. The accuracy (root mean square error) of abundance estimates varied from 1 to 13 (November 2012) and from 3 to 28 (May 2013). Bias ranged from −9% to +23%, but stabilised at between −1% and −9% when transects were walked four or more times in each study period. The 95% confidence intervals for the abundance estimates always included the true population size. Conclusions. Our results indicated that walked line-transect distance sampling is a precise and accurate method for estimating eastern grey kangaroo abundance. The small negative biases that occurred when sample sizes were large were likely to be due to some animals moving outside the study area. Implications. Provided that the key design elements and assumptions are met, estimates of kangaroo abundance from walked line-transect distance sampling should have good precision (CV < 20%) and minimal (<10%) bias.
Network and Revenue Analysis of an Affiliate Marketing Program in the Travel Industry

The widespread adoption of e-commerce over the past two decades has transformed businesses and sparked novel marketing strategies. In affiliate marketing individuals sign up with companies to promote or sell their products in independent venues such as blogs and channels controlled by the affiliate, receiving compensations for their actions. This work analyzes Clube Hurb, a real and large affiliate marketing program, considering the affiliate network structure, the revenue generated by affiliates, and their relationship. While the network is largely fragmented (90.7% of the affiliates are isolated) and most affiliates never sell (99.5%), different network and revenue statistics exhibit heavytailed behavior and are sometimes correlated. The findings shed light on affiliate marketing dynamics and can drive future studies to improve performance.
Purification and characterization of the soluble form of processing α-glucosidase I from saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae processing a-glucosidase I (Cwh41p) is a type II membrane-bound glycoprotein encoded by CWH41. This enzyme regulates the first trimming step in the A-glycosylation pathway and may play an important role in glycoprotein biosynthesis and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Despite its importance, there is a limited understanding of the structure, functional residues, and mechanism of aglucosidase I. Therefore this thesis was focused on establishing a robust purification method for the soluble form of yeast a-glucosidase I, identifying the catalytic domain, and determining structural or functional amino acid residues. The soluble form of a-glucosidase I was purified to 95% homogeneity using a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange, lectin affinity, and sizeexclusion chromatographies. The molecular mass of soluble a-glucosidase I was 98 kDa by S D S P A G E . The purification method was improved by cultivation of transformed yeast in a fermenter and using a deoxynojirimycin (DNM)-based column. This method reproducibly yielded 40 pg of pure enzyme per gram of wet biomass with no detectable contamination by other aryl aand P-glucosidases. Cleavage between Ala24 and Thr25 of the transmembrane domain of Cwh41p released the soluble activity and this fragment was shown to be
Production of Fish Stocks in Thingvallavatn, Iceland

Annual net production of four morphs of 1+ and older arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) and threespined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. in Thingvallavatn, Ice-land, was estimated. Production of the dominant morph, planktivorous charr, was 28.3 KJ m #752 yr #751 , which constitutes 14.3% and 0.8% of the estimated zooplankton and phytoplankton production, respectively. Corresponding values for the benthic charr morphs, i.e. small and large benthivorous charr of the stony littoral zone (0-10 m depth), was 1.2 KJ m #752 yr #751 , which amounts to 1.8% and 0.23% of the estimated secondary and primary production in this zone, respectively
Challenging Management of Warfarinised Patients with Intracranial Hemorrhage Following a Head Injury: A Major Medical Dilemma

Introduction:The use of anticoagulant and ant platelet medications, especially warfarin and clopidogrel, is on a growing trend. Warfarin usage is commonly accompanied with hemorrhagic complications resulting in a noticeable mortality rate. Patient's ant coagulated with warfarin suffers from intracranial hemorrhage after a head injury. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, the relevant articles published from 1966 to January 2017 were searched in several databases, including of Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE (through PubMed). The search process was performed using the following medical subject headings: “Warfarin” combined with “Warfarin-associated hemorrhage”, “Head injury and warfarin-related intracranial hemorrhage”, “Intracerebral hemorrhage”, and “Treatment of coagulopathy”. Results: The search process resulted in the inclusion of 242 articles. According to the results of the reviewed studies, the best treatments for the reversal of coagulopathy in warfarinised patients in elective or urgent conditions following a head injury are prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and fresh frozen plasma, along with vitamin K, based on the discretion of the treating physician. Conclusion: According to the studies, the administration of PCC or any other treatments with a similar or close formulation to PCC is significantly more effective and faster in the reversal of coagulopathy and reduction of international normalized ratio in comparison with the use of fresh frozen plasma or other therapies in warfarinised patients admitted with serious intracranial hemorrhage following a head injury. Delivery of an effective treatment to these patients can be accomplished by planning for medical interventions, decreasing time delays for operations, and selecting a suitable or alternative treatment.
INDOOR LIDAR RELOCALIZATION BASED ON DEEP LEARNING USING A 3D MODEL

Abstract. Indoor localization, navigation and mapping systems highly rely on the initial sensor pose information to achieve a high accuracy. Most existing indoor mapping and navigation systems cannot initialize the sensor poses automatically and consequently these systems cannot perform relocalization and recover from a pose estimation failure. For most indoor environments, a map or a 3D model is often available, and can provide useful information for relocalization. This paper presents a novel relocalization method for lidar sensors in indoor environments to estimate the initial lidar pose using a CNN pose regression network trained using a 3D model. A set of synthetic lidar frames are generated from the 3D model with known poses. Each lidar range image is a one-channel range image, used to train the CNN pose regression network from scratch to predict the initial sensor location and orientation. The CNN regression network trained by synthetic range images is used to estimate the poses of the lidar using real range images captured in the indoor environment. The results show that the proposed CNN regression network can learn from synthetic lidar data and estimate the pose of real lidar data with an accuracy of 1.9 m and 8.7 degrees.
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF E. COLI O157:H7 ISOLATED FROM BEEFBURGER

E. coli transmitted from under-cooked hamburger may cause life threatening conditiosn including hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic-thrombocytopaenic purpurea. Unfortunately, the emergence of resistance has become increased. Therefore, the antimicrobial susceptibility of the causative strain E. coli "O157:H7" was determined in this study. Results showed that E. coli O157:H7 was resistant to all tested antibiotics except danofloxacin. Therefore, this study recommend the use of danofloxacin in controlling infections caused by E. coli transmitted from hamburger.
Role of MRI in Diagnosis of Medulloblastoma

Background: Brain tumors represent the most common solid neoplasm in children and second most common pediatric malignancy overall. The majority of primary childhood brain tumors occurs in the infratentorial compartment and includes: medulloblastoma, juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA), ependymoma, brainstem/pontine glioma, and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) which is an additional rare but important primary brain tumor of early childhood. Objective: This study aims to provide an overview of the imaging features and appearances of the most common primary posterior fossa brain tumors in children and the diagnosis of medulloblastoma. Patients and Methods: The pool of our study was 25 patients (12 males and 13 females) who presented to diagnostic radiology departments at EL Demerdash Teaching Hospital and National Cancer Institute. They had been diagnosed to have posterior fossa lesions. Patients’ age ranged from 1 to 17 year with mean age of 4.73 years.Results: statistically significant difference between medulloblastoma and other posterior fossa tumors according to location and diffusion. Medulloblastoma is 4th ventricular in location and shows restriction in diffusion weighted images. Conclusion: Medulloblastoma is predominately 4th ventricular in location, Medulloblastoma is restricted in diffusion weighted images.
Rethinking daily movement behaviors of children wth autism spectrum disorder: meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines

In an effort to promote optimal health in all children, 24-hour movement guidelines that provide specific recommendations for physical activity, screen-time, and sleep have been developed (≥ 1 hour of physical activity, ≤ 2 hours of screen-time, 9-11 hours of sleep). Children who meet the recommendations for these health behaviours are less likely to be obese than those who do not meet them. This study compared the degree to which children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children met the newly developed 24-hour movement guidelines. A propensity-score matched sample of 72 children (36 children with ASD, 36 TD children) from the “Growing Up in Ireland” study was included in the analysis. Based on parents’ completion of time-use diaries, fewer children with ASD, compared to TD children, met the recommendations for screen-time (58.3% vs. 80.6%, p=0.07, V=0.24) and physical activity (41.7% vs. 69.4%, p=0.03, V=0.28). Children with ASD were most likely to meet two guidelines (44.4%), whereas TD children most commonly met all three guidelines (55.6%). The findings highlight the breadth of health behaviours that require intervention among children with ASD. The current study suggests that examining the movement behaviours that constitute a 24-hour period for children with ASD may be useful to inform interventions to reduce their risk for sub-optimal health.
The Generic Relations of Species in Small Ecological Communities

1. Evidence of conditions being more favourable or less favourable to species of the same genus, as compared with species on different genera (intrageneric versus inter-generic competition), can be found in the relative number of species and genera in small and in large natural communities of animals or plants. 2. It is, however, insufficient to show that the average number of species per genus is smaller in the smaller communities than in the larger as this is a mathematical result of taking a smaller sample from a larger group. It is necessary to show that the proportion of genera to species in the smaller communities is smaller or larger than would have been expected in a randomized sample of the same number of species, selected without reference to generic relationships from the larger fauna or flora. 3. Evidence had previously been brought forward to show that in large groups of animals or plants the number of genera with 1, 2, and with 3 and more species are closely represented by the mathematical `logarithmic series'. New evidence is here given to show that the same order exists in the genera and species of quite small ecological communities. 4. The logarithmic series has several mathematical properties of biological interest, including the possibility of calculating, for any population or sample, a factor known as the `Index of Diversity' which is common to all random samples from a single population. It is a measure of the extent to which the species are grouped into genera, and it is independent of the size of the sample. If the Index of Diversity is high, there are many genera in relation to the number of species; if the Index is low, there are fewer genera in relation to the number of species. 5. It thus becomes possible to compare the Index of Diversity in natural small or simple ecological communities, with that of the larger population from which these have been selected by nature. This has been done for a number of cases, including both animal and plant communities, and in every case from which significant results can be obtained the Index of Diversity in the small community is smaller than that of the larger fauna or flora. 6. The result therefore indicates that there are fewer genera in a small or simple community than would be expected in a sample of the same number of species selected at random--that is, independent of genera relationships--from the larger series. In other words, the evidence brought forward by this method indicates a selection by nature in favour of more than one species in the same genus rather than in favour of single species in different genera.
Effect of organic chromium supplementation on performance of white leghorn chicken recovering from newcastle disease

An experiment was conducted for a period of 4 weeks to study the stress relieving effect of chromium supplementation on production performance and egg quality traits in Newcastle disease (ND) affected laying hens. Total of 3000 birds (White Leghorn chicken, BV 300 strain) of 33 weeks were divided into 6 groups (T1 to T6) having 10 replicates in each group and each replicate having 50 birds. The group: T1 was control, unaffected by Newcastle disease (ND), while all other groups (T2 to T6) were affected by ND and were recovering from the disease. T2 was not supplemented with chromium source and acted as negative control. T3, T4, T5 and T6 were supplemented with inorganic (chromium chloride), organochromium enriched yeast (OCEY), chromium yeast and chromium picolinate @ 200 ppb, respectively. The results revealed that weekly average egg production was maximum in laying hens of T5 followed by T6 and T4 groups during first week, T5 followed by T4 and T6 during second week while T4 followed by T5 and T6 during third and fourth week. Organic chromium supplementation (T4, T5 and T6) reduced the mortality significantly (P<0.01) in birds. The reduction in the mortality (%) compared to untreated T2 was about 58.06, 54.84 and 41.94% in laying hens of T4, T5 and T6 groups, respectively. No significant difference was observed in feed intake and egg shell thickness among the treatment groups. The egg shell weight was significantly high in the healthy birds (T1) than other treatment groups except for T4 group. Egg cholesterol levels were significantly (P< 0.05) reduced by supplementation of organic chromium. Increase in egg production in ND affected birds and decrease in egg yolk cholesterol by means of inclusion of organic chromium, in particular chromium yeast, organochromium enriched yeast and chromium picolinate supplementation to layer feed could be useful measure for laying hens and it ensures economical benefit.
The effect of food level on competition in tadpoles: interference mediated by protothecan algae?

1. The development of natterjack toad (Bufo calamita Laurenti) tadpoles was monitored under two levels of food and with or without competitors (Rana temporaria L.) using a replicated pond system. The design prevented physical interactions between species but allowed B. calamita access to R. temporaria faeces. 2. Food supplements accelerated growth with or without competitors. The presence of competitors depressed B. calamita growth, even under conditions of high food. 3. B. calamita raised under high food metamorphosed earlier than those raised under low food, but neither food nor competitors affected survival. 4. The growth-inhibiting alga, Prototheca, was detected in the faeces of both R. temporaria and B. calamita. B. calamita raised with R. temporaria for several weeks produced larger numbers of protothecan cells in their faeces than those raised without competitors. 5. Inferior competitors may be diverted from high quality food resources by the attractive properties of Prototheca in faeces. In such a situation superior competitors may exert a negative effect even under high food levels.
Administration of high doses of vitamin E in adult rats with experimental metabolic syndrome: effect on oxidative stress

Introducción: El consumo crónico de fructosa en ratas induce la producción de síndrome metabólico. Objetivo: Evaluar en el Síndrome Metabólico Experimental (entendido como la presencia de al menos 3 de los parámetros alterados), el efecto de la administración de vitamina E sobre el nivel de lipoperoxidación en el plasma y en los tejidos. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron ratas Wistar machos, divididas en 4 grupos: a) control (C); b) control suplementadas con vitamina E (CvE); c) fructosa (F); d) fructosa suplementadas con vitamina E (FvE). Las dietas fueron elaboradas según las indicaciones de American Institute of Nutricion del año 1993 (AIN 93), reemplazándose en los grupos F y FvE parcialmente la fuente de carbohidratos. Se suplementó a los grupos CvE y FvE con 50 mg/día de vitamina E acetato (1360 IU/g). Se controlaron periódicamente: glucemia basal, glucemia post-prandial, prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (PTOG), insulinemia, trigliceridemia, colesterolemia y presión arterial, para comprobar la aparición de los parámetros alterados del síndrome metabólico. Para medir el nivel de lipoperoxidación se determinaron las sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) en plasma y tejidos. Análisis estadístico: test T y ANOVA. Resultados: se comprobó la presencia de síndrome metabólico en el 100 % de las ratas estudiadas. Los TBARS en plasma (microlmol/l) (F vs FvE) arrojaron los siguientes resultados: 2,203 ± 0,142 vs 1,836 ± 0,05818, y 2,265 ± 0,1040 vs 1,915 ± 0,05506 a las 6 y 14 semanas respectivamente (p<0,05) ; TBARS en corazón (nanomol/ gr de proteína) (F vs FvE): 137,6 ± 5,187 vs 104,7 ± 8,277 (p<0,01) ;TBARS en Hígado (nanomol/ gr de proteína) (F vs FvE): 171,6 ± 8,716 vs 124,9 ± 4,575 (p< 0,001). Conclusión: La administración de vitamina E disminuyó significativamente el nivel de lipoperoxidación tanto en plasma como en homogenatos de tejidos.
Biodiversity and Plant Litter: Experimental Evidence Which Does Not Support the View That Enhanced Species Richness Improves Ecosystem Function

There has been a rapidly increasing recent interest in the effects of biological diversity on ecosystem properties, and while some studies have recently concluded that biodiversity improves ecosystem function, these views are based almost entirely on experiments in which species richness of live plants has been varied over all the species diversity treatments. However, most net ecosystem primary productivity eventually enters the decomposition subsystem as plant litter where it has important afterlife effects. Weconducted a field experiment in which litter from 32 plant species (i.e. effects. We conducted a field experiment in which litter from 32 plant species (i.e. eight species of each of four plant functional groups with contrasting litter quality) was collected and placed into litter-bags so that each litter-bag contained between one and eight species; the species which were included in the multiple (>2) species litter-bags were randomly selected. This litter diversity gradient was created within each functional group and across some functional groups. We found large non-additive effects of mixing litter from different species on litter decomposition rates, litter nitrogen contents, rates of nitrogen release from litter and the active microbial biomass present on the litter. The patterns and directions of these non-additive effects were dependent upon both plant functional group and time of harvest, and these effects could be predicted in some instances by the initial litter nitrogen content and the degree of variability of nitrogen content of the component species in the litter-bag. There was no relationship between litter-bag species richness and any of the response variables that we considered, at least between two and eight species. Within plant functional groups our results provide some support for the species redundancy and idiosyncratic hypotheses about how biodiversity alters ecosystem function, but no support for the ecosystem rivet hypothesis or the view that species richness of plant litter is important for ecosystem function. We suggest that increased species diversity of plant litter is less important than that of live plants for determining ecosystem properties (and provide possible reasons for this) and conclude that perceived relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem function may be of diminished significance when the ecological importance of plant litter is fully appreciated.