Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A single‐dose, open‐label, parallel, randomized, dose‐proportionality study of paliperidone after intramuscular injections of paliperidone palmitate in the deltoid or gluteal muscle in patients with schizophrenia

Paliperidone palmitate (PP) is a long‐acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic, developed for monthly intramuscular (i.m.) administration into deltoid/gluteal muscle, approved for the treatment of schizophrenia in many countries. To assess the options for i.m. injection sites, dose‐proportionality of PP was investigated after injection of a single dose (25–150 mg eq.) of PP in either gluteal (n = 106) or deltoid (n = 95) muscle of schizophrenic patients. Overall, mean (geometric) area under plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC∞) of paliperidone increased proportionally with increasing PP doses, regardless of injection site. Mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was slightly less than dose‐proportional for both injection sites at PP doses >50 mg eq. Mean Cmax was higher after injection in the deltoid compared with the gluteal muscle, except for the 100 mg eq. dose, while AUC∞ for both injection sites was comparable at all doses. Median time to reach Cmax (tmax) ranged from 13–14 days after deltoid and 13–17 days after gluteal injection across all doses. Single PP injections in deltoid and gluteal muscles in the dose range of 25–150 mg eq. were generally tolerable both locally and systemically.
The Binaural Interaction Component in Human ABR Is Stable within the 0- to 1-ms Range of Interaural Time Differences

The effect of unilaterally delayed acoustic stimuli on binaural interaction was studied in 12 subjects with normal hearing. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was obtained in the midline between the forehead and the neck, and click stimuli were unilaterally delayed at 0.2-ms intervals in the 0- to 1-ms range. Binaural interaction was evaluated by measuring the β wave in the binaural difference waveform, i.e. the remainder after subtracting the binaurally evoked registration from the sum of the two monaural registrations. Computation of the binaural difference waveform showed the β wave amplitude to be relatively stable throughout the 0- to 1-ms range of interaural time differences. This finding suggests stable binaural interaction within the range of interaural time differences where binaural click stimuli induce a binaurally fused intracranial image.
A comment: Mackay Rays shimmer due to accommodation changes

Mackay (1957) reported visual shimmer and chrysanthemum-like patterns seen when looking at a display of lines converging to a central point: 'Mackay Rays’. Mackay attributed the shimmer to some central brain effect, related to the high information redundancy of the figure. The answer seems more prosaic. The chrysanthemum patterns show every sign of being moiré patterns, given by displaced afterimages, as they are very similar to the moiré patterns produced by overlaying the Ray figure with its slightly shifted transparency. A simple observation suggests an optical origin for the shimmer. When the Ray or other repeated-line patterns (including Leviant’s ‘traffic illusion’) are viewed through a pin-hole the shimmer disappears. As the pin-hole increases the depth of field of the optics of the eye, so the usual small continual fluctuations in accommodation (focusing) of the lens have small or no effect. This strongly suggests that the dynamic shimmer seen in these static figures has an optical cause: changes of size of the retinal image, due to the usual rapid ‘hunting’ of accommodation (Alpern 1962) giving retinal motion signals. As measured with a high-speed infrared optometer (Campbell et al. 1959), the oscillatory changes of focus of the lens of the eye have large individual differences and are affected by various conditions, but generally there is a maximum amplitude around 0.5 Hz and another peak around 2 Hz. The amplitude can be nearly half a dioptre.
A System for Automatic Evaluation of C Programs: Features and Interfaces

This article describes a model and implementation of a system for automatically testing, evaluating, grading and providing critical feedback for submitted programming assignments. Complete automation of the evaluation process, with proper attention towards monitoring studentâ€™s progress and performing a finegrained analysis is addressed. The tool provides online support to both the instructors and students and is designed for service-oriented integration with a course management system using Web services.
Langage et cognition

Le programme minimaliste de la grammaire generative, developpe sous l'impulsion de Noam Chomsky, est l'une des approches cognitivistes les plus influentes dans le monde en linguistique contemporaine. [i]Langage et cognition[/i] met ce programme en perspective a travers l'evolution de la grammaire generative depuis les annees 1950, du point de vue des proprietes linguistiques et psychologiques degagees. Sont ainsi presentes les outils conceptuels fondamentaux d'un modele qui vise a isoler, a travers l'etude detaillee d'un nombre de langues aussi grand que possible, les proprietes universelles d'un module particulier de l'appareil conceptuel humain, sa faculte de langage. L'ouvrage, preface par Noam Chomsky, dresse un tableau actualise des resultats issus des multiples travaux de grammaire generative, en soulignant leurs apports aux sciences cognitives, notamment a la linguistique et a la psychologie cognitive. – Chapitre 1. - De l’objet de la linguistique : 1. La linguistique comme branche de la psychologie cognitive; 2. Proprietes elementaires de la langue interne; 3. Modules de la langue interne. – Chapitre 2. - De la faculte de langage : 1. Langue interne et acquisition; 2. Langue interne et faculte de langage; 3. Savoir linguistique et performance langagiere. – Chapitre 3. - Structures syntaxiques constituants : 1. Structures de constituants; 2. Nature psychologique des structures syntaxiques; 3. Constituants majeurs et tetes; Projections lexicales et projections fonctionnelles. – Chapitre 4. - Structures syntaxiques la phrase : 1. Introduction. La phrase : une categorie exocentrique ternaire ? , 2. La phrase : structure hierarchique; 3. Tete de la phrase. – Chapitre 5. - Lexique et representations syntaxiques : 1. Introduction : lexique et syntaxe; 2. Le lexique mental. – Chapitre 6. - L’interface lexique-syntaxe : 1. Principe de projection et critere thematique; 2. Roles thematiques et positions thematiques; 3. Positions thematiques. – Chapitre 7. - Representations et computations syntaxiques : 1. Introduction. Niveaux de representation syntaxiques; 2. De D-structure a S-structure; 3. D-structure, S-structure et categories vides; 4. Du lexique a la D-structure. – Chapitre 8. - Structures syntaxiques et coreference la theorie du liage : 1. Introduction : syntaxe de la coreference; 2. Theorie du liage. M. -M. V.
Self-reported field efficiency of utility-scale inverters

Accurate understanding of inverter performance in the field is essential for energy estimation of PV power plants. The self-reported field efficiencies of six utility-scale inverter models from four different manufacturers were studied. In total, 355 inverters were included in this analysis. Efficiency curves were calculated from AC and DC inverter measurements and compared to manufacturer and CEC efficiency curves, when available. Despite a large statistical sample, the expected and measured mean efficiencies differed by -4.1% to +1.5%. This suggests either a systematic sensor/measurement processing algorithm issue or a misunderstanding of field inverter efficiency as opposed to efficiency characterization in the lab. Careful field analysis and characterization of inverter-reported data appear to be the only methods to truly resolve this discrepancy.
Apparent Competition and Vector-Host Interactions

Infectious disease influences the dynamics of host populations and the structure of species communities via impacts on host demography. Species that share infectious diseases are well-known to interact indirectly through the process of apparent competition, but there has been little attention given to the role of vectors in these indirect interactions. Here we explore how vector-borne disease and host-vector interactions can drive apparent competitive interactions. We show that different facets of the ecology associated with vector-host-host interactions affect the structure of the three-species assemblage. Crucially, the patterns associated with invasion of alternative hosts, the spread of the infectious disease by the vector, and the dynamics of the community interactions are influenced by the mode of transmission. We highlight the role of alternative hosts on disease amplification, dilution and magnification and discuss the results with reference to recent developments in apparent competition and commu.
VIVÊNCIA DA AMAMENTAÇÃO POR MÃES-ADOLESCENTES

El amamantamiento es un acto de gran importancia y beneficio para la madre y el nino y no hay contraindicacion para las madres-adolescentes. El objetivo de esta investigacion es describir la experiencia del amamantamiento en la adolescencia y observar la ocurrencia de destete precoz. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo de abordaje descriptivo, utilizando la tecnica de grupo focal, realizada en un Centro de Salud de una Region Administrativa del Distrito Federal en el ano 2008. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que no esta ocurriendo el destete precoz en el universo estudiado y que existe una buena experiencia por parte de los adolescentes en relacion al proceso del amamantamiento. Sin embargo, se nota la necesidad de creacion de grupos de apoyo a las embarazadas y a las parturientas adolescentes, siendo de responsabilidad, principalmente, del enfermero, la educacion y promocion del amamantamiento materno.
Liquidity and Inefficient Investment

We study the role of fiscal policy in a complete markets model where the only friction is the nonpledgeability of human capital. We show that the competitive equilibrium is constrained inefficient, leading to too little risky investment. We also show that fiscal policy following a large negative shock can increase ex ante welfare. Finally, we show that if the government cannot commit to the promised level of fiscal intervention, the ex post optimal fiscal policy will be too small from an ex ante perspective.
Das IAB-Betriebspanel : Ergebnisse der zweiten Welle 1994

"Mit dem IAB-Betriebspanel wurden im Spatsommer 1994 wie schon im Vorjahr in der zweiten Welle reprasentativ fur alle 1,6 Mio. Betriebe und Verwaltungen in Westdeutschland aktuelle und kunftige Beschaftigungstrends nach Branchen und Betriebsgrosen erfragt: Immerhin konnten 96 % ihre Beschaftigungstendenz bis Mitte 1995 als gleichbleibend (drei Viertel), eher steigend (15 %) oder fallend (9 %) angeben. 94 % aller Betriebe bezifferten ihre Beschaftigung bis Mitte 1995 dahin, das sie - wie 1993/1994 - einen weiteren Personalabbau um 1 % erwarten. Eine Beschaftigungsexpansion erwarten lediglich Kleinbetriebe bis zu neun Beschaftigten. 6 % aller Betriebe stellen einen zu hohen Personalbestand in den nachsten beiden Jahren fest, 9 % nennen eine Verringerung des Personalbestandes als aktuelles Ziel ihrer Personalpolitik. Fast die Halfte aller Betriebe erwartet binnen funf Jahren eine Beschaftigungsstagnation, hohere Beschaftigung erwarten 7 % der Betriebe. In Betrieben ab 200 Beschaftigten uberwiegt - mit zunehmender Betriebsgrose - der Anteil der Betriebe, die mit abnehmender Beschaftigung rechnen. Ertragslage, Geschaftsentwicklung und Investitionen zeigen erste Anzeichen konjunktureller Besserung. Im ersten Halbjahr 1994 wurden 4,2 % mehr Einstellungen als im Vorjahreszeitraum getatigt, wobei 27 % auf zuvor Arbeitslose entfielen. Klein- und Mittelbetriebe nehmen fast drei Viertel der eingestellten Arbeitslosen auf, grosere Betriebe bauten weiterhin Personal ab und berucksichtigten bei den Einstellungen weniger Arbeitslose als die kleineren. Zwischen den Beschaftigungsgewinnen von 339.000 in den 60.000 von Mitte 1992 bis Mitte 1993 tatsachlich gegrundeten Betrieben und den Beschaftigungsverlusten in den gleichzeitig geschlossenen 58.000 Betrieben in Hohe von 587.000 Erwerbstatigen liegt ein negativer Saldo von rd. einer Viertel Million Beschaftigten. Rd. 85 % der an der ersten Welle 1993 teilnehmenden Betriebe haben auch an der zweiten 1994 mitgewirkt. Die 1993 mitunter fehlenden Angaben zu Geschaftsvolumen, Investitionen und Lohnsummen konnten 1994 sehr haufig ermittelt werden. Die Antwortbereitschaft und -qualitat, die wiederholt sehr gute Mitwirkungsbereitschaft der Betriebe, die positive Resonanz des IAB-Betriebspanel bei Betrieben, Arbeitgeberverbanden, Gewerkschaften und Wissenschaft sowie die Nutzung der Ergebnisse fur verstarkte Vermittlungsbemuhungen der Bundesanstalt fur Arbeit haben die Entscheidung befordert, das IABBetriebspanel nach den drei Anlaufjahren 1993-95 fortzufuhren. 1996 sollen die neuen Bundeslander einbezogen werden. " (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Radon versus other lung cancer risk factors: How accurate are the attribution estimates?

ABSTRACT This notebook paper provides a brief overview of attribution estimates for some key lung cancer risk factors, focusing on indoor radon gas exposure in the U.S., UK, and Canada. Tobacco smoking represents the primary cause of lung cancer worldwide. Radon is regarded as the second leading lung cancer risk factor in the U.S. and Canada. It can be observed, however, that the reported estimates appear not to add up to the maximum cumulative attribution of 100%. Implications: Limitations and uncertainties associated with published epidemiological studies and the observed lack of consistency in lung cancer attribution estimates for radon and other non-smoking lung cancer risk factors should be taken into consideration by policy makers in setting population health protection priorities.
Therapeutic applications of the gaseous mediators carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) are endogenously produced gaseous autacoids that regulate a number of physiological processes, including the inflammatory response, cell death and proliferation, neural transmission and smooth muscle tone. Objective/methods: The current review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of all recent patent applications that address the potential therapeutic applications of CO and H2S. Results/conclusion: Beyond the direct administration of CO and H2S, this review highlights the therapeutic applications of a variety of gas-releasing molecules that are being developed to deliver CO and H2S to diseased tissues at therapeutic doses. The term autacoid, which, in addition to its pharmacological use to describe a locally-acting hormone, literally translates from Greek as ‘self-drug’, seems to particularly well describe the current approach to capture the potential therapeutic use of these two gasotransmitters. In summary, we can conclude that there is a markedly growing interest in harnessing the tissue-protective actions of CO and H2S.
Radiation dose, image quality, stenosis measurement, and CT densitometry using ECG-triggered coronary 64-MDCT angiography: a phantom study.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare prospective ECG-triggered and retrospective ECG-gated coronary 64-MDCT angiography as to radiation dose, image quality, accuracy of stenosis measurement, and CT densitometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Coronary artery models (n = 3) with different plaque densities (approximately 50, approximately 110, and approximately 1,000 H) on a cardiac phantom were scanned in variable heart rate sequences (n = 14) with both prospective ECG-triggered and retrospective ECG-gated scanning. Radiation dose, image quality graded by motion and stairstep artifacts (grade 1, excellent, to grade 4, poor, with grades 1 and 2 defined as satisfactory), accuracy of stenosis measurement (area; 18%, 50%, and 82%), and CT densitometry of plaques (soft, approximately 50; and intermediate, approximately 110 H) were compared between the two protocols using the Mann-Whitney U test and repeated measures. RESULTS The radiation dose of prospective ECG-triggered CT angiography (CTA) (3.0 mSv) was lower than that of retrospective ECG-gated CTA (11.7-13.0 mSv) when the same tube current (mA) and voltage (kVp) were used in both methods. Prospective ECG-triggered CTA images were assigned a satisfactory quality rating in stable heart rate up to 75 beats per minute (bpm) when using the minimal X-ray exposure time. In this range, there were no significant differences in stenosis measurement (p = 0.17) and CT densitometry (p = 0.93) between the two protocols. CONCLUSION Prospective ECG-triggered coronary 64-MDCT has the potential to reduce radiation exposure while maintaining the diagnostic performance of retrospective ECG-gated coronary 64-MDCT.
Hypothesis Prolactin is tumorigenic to human breast: dispelling the myth that prolactin‐induced mammary tumors are rodent‐specific

The commonly held assumption that rodent mammary tumors resulting from elevated prolactin are species‐specific, or not biologically relevant to humans, is incorrect. Substantial epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence now exists confirming the role of prolactin in human breast cancer. This evidence is evaluated and the argument presented that the tumorigenic risk from prolactin is therefore not species‐specific to rodents but directly applies to humans. Further, as the mechanisms of prolactin‐induced mammary tumor promotion and development appear analogous between rodents and humans, mammary tumorigenic findings in rodent carcinogenicity bioassays are both predictive and biologically relevant to the human response. Toxicologists and regulators need to consider this in carcinogenicity risk assessments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Frequency of Matrix Attachment Regions and Cut-Like Protein x/CCAAT-Displacement Protein and B Cell Regulator of IgH Transcription Binding Sites Flanking Ig V Region Genes1

A major component in controlling V(D)J recombination is differential accessibility through localized changes in chromatin structure. Attachment of DNA to the nuclear matrix via matrix attachment region (MAR) sequences, and interaction with MAR-binding proteins have been shown to alter chromatin conformation, promote histone acetylation, and influence gene transcription. In this study, the flanking regions of several human and mouse Ig VH and Ig Vκ genes were analyzed extensively for the presence of MARs by in vitro matrix-binding assay, and for interaction with the MAR-binding proteins cut-like protein x/CCAAT-displacement protein (Cux/CDP), B cell regulator of IgH transcription (Bright), and special AT-rich sequence-binding protein (SATB1) by EMSA. Cux/CDP and SATB1 are associated with repression, while Bright is an activator of Ig transcription. Binding sites were identified in the vicinity of all analyzed Ig V genes, and were also found flanking TCR Vβ genes. We also show that the binding sites of the different factors do not always occur at MAR sequences. MAR sequences were also found within the Ig V loci at a much higher frequency than throughout the rest of the genome. Overall, the frequency and location of binding sites relative to the coding regions, and the strength of DNA-protein interaction showed much heterogeneity. Thus, variations in factor binding and MAR activity could potentially influence the extent of localized accessibility to V(D)J recombination and thus could play a role in unequal rearrangement of individual V genes. These sites could also contribute to effective transcription of Ig genes in mature and/or activated B cells, bringing both the promoter as well as the enhancer regions into close proximity at the nuclear matrix.
Load alteration fault detection and reconstruction in power networks modelled in semi-explicit differential algebraic equation form

In this paper a sliding mode observer is proposed to detect and reconstruct load alteration failures in a power network. The power network, specifically a 9-bus IEEE benchmark model, is modelled as a semi-explicit class of differential algebraic equations (DAEs). Only the phase angle of the generators, a subset of the differential states of the DAE, are assumed to be measured. The objective is to estimate simultaneously the phase angles, the frequencies of the generators (differential states), the phase angles of the load bus tensions (algebraic states) of the power network, and any exogenous signals representing disturbances and failures. The faults introduced in this paper fall into the class of load altering attacks which affect the algebraic states of the DAEs. The observer is designed based on a recently proposed multivariable super-twisting structure.
Contextual video clip classification

Content based classification of unrestricted video clips from various sources plays an important role in video analysis and search. Thus far automated video understanding research focused on videos from sources such as aerial, broadcast, meeting room etc. For each of these video sources certain assumptions are made which constrain the problem of content analysis. None of these assumptions hold for analyzing the contents of unrestricted videos. We present a top down approach to content based video classification by first understanding the overall scene structure and then detecting the actors, actions and objects along with the context they interact in as well as the global motion information from the scene. A scene in a video clip is used as a semantic unit providing the visual context and the location characteristics such as indoor, outdoor and type of each associated with the scene. The location context is tied with the video shooting style of zooming in and out to create a scene description hierarchy. Actors are considered as detected people and faces, certain poses of people help define the action and activities, while objects relevant to certain types of events provide additional context. Summary features are created for the scene semantic units based on the actors, actions, object detections and the context. These features were successfully used to train an asymmetric Random Forest classifier for video event classification. The top down approach we present here has the inherent advantage of being able to describe the video in addition to providing content based classification. The approach was tested on the Multimedia Event Detection (MED) 2011 dataset with promising results.