Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Household Debt and the Financialization of Social Reproduction: Theorizing the UK Housing and Hunger Crises

Abstract The proliferation of homelessness and housing precariousness, along with a dramatic growth in food banks, are two signs that while parts of the UK economy may be recovering from the 2008 financial crisis and recession, the same cannot be said for the living conditions of much of the poor and working class population. Much of the media discussion has centered on the ways in which these social ills have been caused by government policy, particularly cuts to social and welfare services introduced under the banner of “austerity. ” I argue in this paper, however, that a narrow focus on austerity risks obscuring some of the longer-term structural transformations that have taken place under neoliberal capitalism, namely: (1) financialization and (2) the privatization of social reproduction. Situating these two trends within a longer history of capitalism, I argue, allows us to understand the contemporary housing and food crises as specific (and highly gendered) manifestations of a more fundamental contradiction between capital accumulation and progressive and sustainable forms of social reproduction. Doing so further helps to locate the dramatic proliferation of household debt, which has been supported by both processes, as both cause and consequence of the crisis in social reproduction faced by many UK households.
An Immunodominant MHC Class II-Restricted Tumor Antigen Is Conformation Dependent and Binds to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone, Calreticulin1

There is accumulating evidence that CD4+ T cell responses are important in antitumor immunity. Accordingly, we generated CD4+ T cells against the murine CT26 colon cancer. Three of three independent CT26-specific CD4+ hybridomas were found to recognize the high m.w. precursor of the env gene product gp90. The CD4+ response was completely tumor specific in that the same glycoprotein expressed by other tumors was not recognized by the CT26-specific hybridomas. The recognition of gp90 by the hybridomas was strictly dependent on the conformation of gp90. Different procedures that disrupted the conformation of the glycoprotein, such as disulfide bond reduction and thermal denaturation, completely abrogated recognition of gp90 by all three hybridomas. In CT26 cells, but not in other tumor cells tested, a large proportion of gp90 was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, mostly bound to the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, calreticulin. Although calreticulin was not essential for the stimulation of the gp90-specific hybridomas, most of the antigenic form of gp90 was bound to it. The antigenicity of gp90 correlated well with calreticulin binding, reflecting the fact that specificity of binding of calreticulin to its substrate required posttranslational modifications that were also necessary for the generation of this tumor-specific CD4+ epitope.
Genetic aberrations in multiple myeloma characterized by cIg-FISH: a Brazilian context

Genetic abnormalities are critical prognostic factors for patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). This retrospective, multicenter study aimed to contribute with the genetic and clinical characterization of MM patients in a country with continental dimensions such as Brazil. Genetic abnormalities were assessed by cIg-fluorescent in situ hybridization (cIg-FISH) in a series of 152 MM patients (median age 55 years, 58.5% men). Overall, genetic abnormalities were detected in 52.7% (80/152) of patients. A 14q32 rearrangement was detected in 33.5% (n=51), including t(11;14), t(4;14) and t(14;16) in 18.4, 14.1, and 1% of cases, respectively. del(13q) was identified in 42.7% (n=65) of patients, of whom 49.2% (32/65) presented a concomitant 14q32 rearrangement. del(17p) had a frequency of 5.2% (n=8). del(13q) was associated with high plasma cell burden (≥50%, P=0.02), and del(17p) with advanced ISS stages (P=0.05) and extramedullary disease (P=0.03). t(4;14) was associated with advanced Durie-Salmon stages (P=0.008), renal insufficiency (P=0.01) and was more common in patients over 60 years old. This study reports similar frequencies of genetic abnormalities to most series worldwide, whereas the t(14;16) and del(17p), two high risk factors for newly diagnosed patients, exhibited lower frequencies. Our results expand the knowledge on the molecular features of MM in Brazil, a country where innovative therapies that could overcome a poor prognosis for some genetic abnormalities are not always available.
What determines direction of asymmetry: genes, environment or chance?

Conspicuous asymmetries seen in many animals and plants offer diverse opportunities to test how the development of a similar morphological feature has evolved in wildly different types of organisms. One key question is: do common rules govern how direction of asymmetry is determined (symmetry is broken) during ontogeny to yield an asymmetrical individual? Examples from numerous organisms illustrate how diverse this process is. These examples also provide some surprising answers to related questions. Is direction of asymmetry in an individual determined by genes, environment or chance? Is direction of asymmetry determined locally (structure by structure) or globally (at the level of the whole body)? Does direction of asymmetry persist when an asymmetrical structure regenerates following autotomy? The answers vary greatly for asymmetries as diverse as gastropod coiling direction, flatfish eye side, crossbill finch bill crossing, asymmetrical claws in shrimp, lobsters and crabs, katydid sound-producing structures, earwig penises and various plant asymmetries. Several examples also reveal how stochastic asymmetry in mollusc and crustacean early cleavage, in Drosophila oogenesis, and in Caenorhabditis elegans epidermal blast cell movement, is a normal component of deterministic development. Collectively, these examples shed light on the role of genes as leaders or followers in evolution. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Provocative questions in left–right asymmetry’.
DAYA SAING BANK SYARIAH DI SEBUAH NEGARA RELIGIUS: TEMUAN EMPIRIK DARI INDONESIA

This is the first study examining the market power of Islamic banks in Indonesia which using quarterly data. Specifically, this paper attempts to answer a question whether, in the high-religiosity country as Indonesia, Islamic banks have greatermarket power compared to its conventional counterparts. We construct Lerner’s index to measure banks market power by using data from 2009 to 2013. We found that even in a biggest Muslim country in the world, Islamic banks have lowest market power. The result suggests that central banks of Indonesia should consider an alternative methods to promote Islamic banks market power since the balance between those two types of banks may enhance country financial stability.
Depressive symptoms and the metabolic syndrome in childhood and adulthood: a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE To examine the reciprocal associations between depressive symptoms and clinical definitions of the metabolic syndrome in childhood and adulthood. DESIGN Population-based prospective cohort study of 921 participants (538 women and 383 men) in Finland. The components of the metabolic syndrome were measured in childhood (mean age 12 years) and again in adulthood (mean age 33 years). A revised version of the Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess depressive symptoms at the mean ages of 24 and 33. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Metabolic syndrome defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP), the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance, and the International Diabetes Federation criteria. RESULTS In women, depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of the metabolic syndrome in adulthood (odds ratio for NCEP metabolic syndrome per 1 SD increase in depressive symptoms 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.85). The metabolic syndrome in childhood, in turn, predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms in adulthood (p = .03). In men, no associations were found between depressive symptoms and the clinical definitions of the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION The process linking depressive symptoms with the metabolic syndrome may go into both directions and may begin early in life.
Streaming at the Edge: Local Service Concepts Utilizing Mobile Edge Computing

Mobile Edge Computing is a novel concept where regular servers is placed within the LTE networks' eNode-Bs. These servers allow to run third party services directly at the edge of the network, providing minimal latency to the user equipment while minimizing the use of packet core bandwidth. Conserving bandwidth has become increasingly important for the mobile network operators as the mobile traffic volumes have skyrocketed, and forecasts suggest that the volume growth will continue in the future as well. In this study, novel local streaming service concepts based on Mobile Edge Computing and their business models are proposed through explorative research, utilizing a relevant theoretical framework. Furthermore, future research for the concepts are suggested.
Use of antidepressants and risk of cancer in individuals infected with HIV.

PURPOSE Preclinical and cohort studies suggest that certain antidepressants are associated with a predisposition to cancer whereas others decrease the risk. We aimed to assess whether different classes of antidepressants were associated with changes in cancer incidence in a population of HIV-1 infected individuals, based on duration of exposure. METHODS Antidepressant exposure was measured from date of first prescription of the antidepressant until the date of last follow-up or cancer diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to establish the risk of AIDS-related cancers and non-AIDS-related cancers according to whether patients were receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, or other medicines for depression. We analyzed data for time exposed to antidepressants, before and during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). RESULTS From a cohort of 10,997 patients representing 52,656 years of follow-up attending a large HIV center during the pre-HAART and HAART eras, a total of 2,004 (18%) were prescribed antidepressants representing 15,850 years exposed. A total of 1,607 (15%) individuals were diagnosed with cancer. There were no significant associations between any class of antidepressant and any type of cancer (P = .19), in either the pre-HAART or HAART era (P = .23), and use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors did not alter the risk of Burkitt lymphoma. CONCLUSION Antidepressants, irrespective of their class, do not affect cancer risk in HIV-infected individuals.
Development of an Efficient Sampling Strategy to Predict Enoxaparin Pharmacokinetics in Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with renal dysfunction are at greater risk for hemorrhagic events than patients with normal renal function. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient sampling strategy that optimally predicts anti-Xa activity exposure after enoxaparin administration in patients with chronic kidney disease to optimize enoxaparin therapy. The antifactor Xa activity data of 8 anuric patients who were administered 1 mg/kg enoxaparin immediately after hemodialysis were used for the development of the optimal sampling strategies. Maximum A Posteriori Bayesian (MAPB) priors were developed by pharmacokinetic analysis. The 2, 3, and 4 D-optimal sampling designs were determined and Monte Carlo simulations using the MAPB estimator were performed. The original model with the estimator was used to determine the predictive power of the sampling schemes. The most efficient sampling scheme (OSS-2) was accurate and precise in predicting apparent enoxaparin clearance (−3.2% bias, 6.5% precision). The addition of a third sampling time at 30 minutes (OSS-3) was more accurate (P < 0.01) and precise (P < 0.01) than OSS-2 at predicting the rate of absorption (ka) but did not improve the accuracy (P > 0.05) or precision (P = 0.20) of the CLs/F estimate. The determination of antifactor Xa activity at 5 and 24 hours, along with the Bayesian estimators generated from this study, accurately and precisely predict the apparent clearance of antifactor Xa activity. This sampling strategy may be used for therapeutic drug monitoring of enoxaparin and for future clinical trials in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Low-back pain

Buchbinder and Underwood are to be commended for providing useful information regarding back pain. However, they may not have had problems in understanding heterogeneity between studies outlined in a related CMAJ article had the studies taken physical examinations into account. Chronic back pain may be due to either an ongoing nociception or neuropathy affecting spinal nerves, both of which have different causes and therefore present with completely dissimilar physical findings. A correct diagnosis and proper treatment would lead to a quicker resolution. Without a correct diagnosis, treatment would be empirical and haphazard.
Combinatorial Immunotherapy of Polyinosinic–Polycytidylic Acid and Blockade of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Induce Effective CD8 T-cell Responses against Established Tumors

Purpose: Epitope-based cancer vaccines capable of inducing CD8 T-cell responses to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) expressed by tumor cells have been considered as attractive alternatives for the treatment of some types of cancer. However, reliable TAAs have not been identified for most malignant diseases, limiting the development of epitope-based vaccines. Herein, we report that the combinatorial therapy of polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly-IC) and antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) can be implemented with good results for tumors where no known TAAs have been identified. Experimental Design: Three cancer mouse models (melanoma, lung, and colon) were used to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and examine the immunologic mechanisms of the poly-IC/anti–PD-L1 mAb therapy. Results: The combined administration of poly-IC and anti–PD-L1 mAb into tumor-bearing mice generated potent immune responses resulting in the complete eradication or remarkable reduction of tumor growth. In some instances, the poly-IC/anti–PD-L1 mAb therapy induced long-lasting protection against tumor rechallenges. The results indicate that CD8 T cells but not CD4 T cells or NK cells mediated the therapeutic efficacy of this combinatorial therapy. Experiments using genetically deficient mice indicate that the therapeutic efficacy of this combinatorial therapy depended in part by the participation of type-I IFN, whereas IFN-γ did not seem to play a major role. Conclusions: The overall results suggest that immunotherapy consisting of the combination of poly-IC/anti–PD-L1 mAb could be a promising new approach for treating patients with cancer, especially those instances where no reliable TAAs are available as a therapeutic vaccine. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1223–34. ©2014 AACR.
Immunologically Mediated Nutritional Disturbances Associated with Soya-Protein Antigens

Maternally antibody enhance the immme of the offspring. We have found that the presence of antibody to soya protein is common in the neonatal calf and this antibody can be shown to originate from the colostrum. Our results clearly showed an enhanced response in animals that had detectable antibody prior to feeding the soya-protein antigen. The absence of tolerance. Calves that were fed for periods on soya-protein based milk-replacers were maintained for further periods on skim-milk based diets before being returned to the soya-protein feeding schedule. Examination of their serum antibody titres showed that each return to the soya diet resulted in an increase in the level of specific anti-soya antibody suggesting that previous sensitization had taken place. There was no evidence of the tolerogenic properties which have previously been demonstrated for other, orally administered antigens such as albumin or sheep erythrocytes Therefore, although we have demonstrated an age effect on the antibody response to soya protein in the diet it is clear that there is no evidence of tolerance to repeated soya feeding periods. Possibly merely the rate of antibody production is determined by the time of the initial introduction to soya into the diet of the young calf. Further periods of feeding soya-containing diets simply resulting in further stimulation of an already primed immune system.
Survival and detection of Bacteroides spp., prospective indicator bacteria

Preliminary experiments were performed to assess the use of intestinal Bacteroides spp. as indicators of fecal contamination of water. Viable counts of Bacteroides fragilis, an anaerobic bacterium, declined more rapidly than those of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis. However, a fluorescent antiserum prepared against B. fragilis successfully detected high proportions (18 to greater than 50%) of B. fragilis cells suspended for 8 days in aerobic water in dialysis bags at the ambient temperature. These percentages were higher than the percent viable recoveries of the two indicator bacteria used for comparison. Thus, the fluorescent antiserum test for B. fragilis might serve as a useful indicator of fecal contamination of water. An advantage of this approach over coliform analysis is the rapidity at which the test can be performed.
Using auxiliary signals as a simple method for balancing DC bus voltages in cascaded H- bridge converters

Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel converters with capacitive sources need a voltage balancing algorithm to control their DC voltages. In this paper, a new method is proposed to achieve this goal in a simple manner. The proposed method adds auxiliary signals to the main reference of modulating signals to attain voltage balancing goal. This approach not only is simple and easy to implement, but also is independent of the main control strategy and the modulation technique. The validity of the proposed method is verified by simulations and experimental studies on a 7-level CHB based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR).
Case control study of psychosocial morbidity in beta thalassemia major.

OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence and the spectrum of psychosocial morbidity and its correlation with various social and disease-related factors in children with beta thalassemia major. STUDY DESIGN Sixty children with transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia major were included in the study group who fulfilled these inclusion criteria: 1) age 5 to 15 years; 2) both parents alive and living together; 3) negative for human immunodeficiency virus; and 4) no family history of any chronic illness or psychological illness. The control group consisted of 60 children of matched age group and social background. A semi-structured interview and 2 preformed questionnaires (Pediatric Symptom Checklist [PSC] and Childhood Psychopathology Measurement Schedule [CPMS]) were used to assess psychosocial morbidity. RESULTS The mean score of the PSC was 11.63 +/- 3.79 (range, 7-24) in children with thalassemia, compared with 5.78 +/- 2.572 (range, 2-13) in the control group (P < .001). The mean score of the CPMS was 11.63 +/- 3.6 (range, 6-25) compared with 6.08 +/- 2.8 (range, 1-14) in the study and the control group, respectively (P < .001). Among the children with thalassemia, 54% had a mean CPMS score > or = 10 (which is considered significant for psychopathological disorders), compared with 8.3% in the control group (P < .001). CONCLUSION Children with thalassemia have significantly higher psychosocial morbidity. Psychosocial aspects need to be addressed in the overall treatment of children with thalassemia to prevent the development of clinically manifest psychological disease.
Life‐span extension by dietary restriction is mediated by NLP‐7 signaling and coelomocyte endocytosis in C. elegans

Recent studies have shown that the rate of aging can be modulated by diverse interventions. Dietary restriction is the most widely used intervention to promote longevity; however, the mechanisms underlying the effect of dietary restriction remain elusive. In a previous study, we identified two novel genes, nlp‐7 and cup‐4, required for normal longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. nlp‐7 is one of a set of neuropeptide‐like protein genes; cup‐4 encodes an ion‐channel involved in endocytosis by coelomocytes. Here, we assess whether nlp‐7 and cup‐4 mediate longevity increases by dietary restriction. RNAi of nlp‐7 or cup‐4 significantly reduces the life span of the eat‐2 mutant, a genetic model of dietary restriction, but has no effect on the life span of long‐lived mutants resulting from reduced insulin/IGF‐1 signaling or dysfunction of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The life‐span extension observed in wild‐type N2 worms by dietary restriction using bacterial dilution is prevented significantly in nlp‐7 and cup‐4 mutants. RNAi knockdown of genes encoding candidate receptors of NLP‐7 and genes involved in endocytosis by coelomocytes also specifically shorten the life span of the eat‐2 mutant. We conclude that two novel pathways, NLP‐7 signaling and endocytosis by coelomocytes, are required for life extension under dietary restriction in C. elegans. —Park, S. ‐K. , Link, C. D. , Johnson, T. E. Life‐span extension by dietary restriction is mediated by NLP‐7 signaling and coelomocyte endocytosis in C. elegans. FASEB J. 24, 383–392 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Proarrhythmia with Class III Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Definition, Electrophysiologic Mechanisms, Incidence, Predisposing Factors, and Clinical Implications

Proarrhythmia with Class III Antiarrhythmic Agents. Antiarrhythmic drugs can and do induce unexpected and sometimes fatal reactions by either producing new symptomatic arrhythmias or by aggravating existing arrhythmias. The definition of proarrhythmia has changed since controlled clinical studies showed a dichotomy between arrhythmia suppression and mortality. The nature of proarrhythmia reactions is linked to the electrophysiologic effects of various antiarrhythmic drugs. Whereas Class I agents without accompanying effects on repolarization generally produce ventricular tachycardia (often incessant) or fibrillation. Class III agents typically produce torsades de pointes that may deteriorate into ventricular fibrillation. The precise mechanism of torsades de pointes is not fully elucidated, although early afterdepolarization and increases in spatial or temporal dispersion of repolarization are likely possibilities. Proarrhythmic risk is lowest for amiodarone and is probably related to the drug's complex electrophysiologic profile. The incidence of torsades with sotalol increases with dose and the baseline values of the QT interval; the incidence with d‐sotalol and other pure Class III agents remains unclear. Prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled studies to evaluate this are under way. The fact that d‐sotalol increases mortality in postinfarction patients suggests that it may possibly be a common property of most, if not all, pure Class III compounds. The ongoing clinical trials with various Class III agents are likely to provide the critical information on this important therapeutic issue.