Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Niedriglohnentwicklung und Lohnungleichheit im Vergleich : Der Einfluss kollektiver Akteure

Looking at the Netherlands, Austria and Germany, this article shows that the differing development of tariff systems in Europe is accompanied by different dynamics of low-wage employment and wage inequality. In doing so, the authors complement institutional explanations as emphasised in the literature with an analysis of the strategies of the social partners and the state. The results can be summarised as follows: In Austria with its stable and comprehensive tariff system, employers have only partly been able to enforce their aim of increased flexibility. However, in conjunction with a strategy of safeguarding jobs, unions have accepted moderate wage inequality and a moderate share of low-wage work. In the Netherlands, despite institutional stability unions have not been successful with their solidaristic wage policy because the government pushed ahead the relative lowering of lower wages. In Germany, unions have successfully fought for a statutory minimum wage, thus reducing wage inequality. However, in order to reduce the high share of low-wage earners, further measures to stabilise the tariff system seem to be necessary.
Condicionamento osmótico em sementes de limão ‘Volkameriano’ (Citrus volkameriana Tan. and Pasq.)

The seeds submitted to osmoconditioning present desirable results as uniform germination and reduction of the sowing to emergence timing. This work was carried out aiming to analyze the ‘Volkameriano’ seeds behavior submitted to osmoconditioning. The -0.6; -0.8; -1.0 and -1.2 MPa potentials were tested for 0, 4, 8 and 12 days, and was evaluated the water content, germination, speed of germination index, accelerate aging, emergence on field and speed of emergence index. The germination was affected by osmoconditioning, as well as the speed of germination index. For emergence the potentials until -1.0 MPa keep the percentage of emerged seedlings, values superiors to germination in laboratory and speed of emergence index. It was observed germination increasing with the osmoconditioning time and reducing with the osmoconditioning increasing.
Restriction of macrophage infection during HIV and SIV infection: The role of antibodies and coreceptor use plasticity in enforcing CD-dependent entry and shaping tropism in vivo

The pathogenesis of HIV and SIV infection is determined to a large extent by adaptations of the virus that enable it to infect different cell types and either destroy these cells, or establish long-term reservoirs of viral replication. CD4+ T cells are the predominant targets of HIV and SIV infection in vivo, although some variants of these viruses have the ability to efficiently infect macrophages, which express exceedingly low levels of CD4. I sought to understand the selective forces that normally favor CD4+ T cell infection while restricting macrophage infection in vivo. To investigate these forces, I examined viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) variants that emerged during an in vivo SIV infection model in which extensive tissue macrophage infection was observed in experimentally CD4+ T cell-depleted rhesus macaques. I found that plasma-derived viral Envs from these animals had a remarkable ability to mediate entry into cells expressing CCR5 but lacking CD4, a phenotypic hallmark of macrophage-tropic viruses. These CD4-independent Env variants were highly sensitive to neutralization by anti-Env antibodies, as well as to control SIV+ plasma. However, plasma from CD4+ T cell-depleted animals could not neutralize CD4-independent Envs. This suggests that CD4+ T cells enforce CD4-dependent SIV entry by supporting the production of anti-Env antibodies that normally prevent the emergence of macrophage-tropic virus. In further studies, I asked whether other forces might restrict the emergence of CD4-independent Envs in vivo by examining entry coreceptor use by these Envs. Despite the ability of CD4-independent Envs to mediate robust entry in the presence of high cell surface levels of rhesus macaque CCR5, they were impaired in their use of human CCR5, rhesus macaque GPR15, and low levels of rhesus macaque CCR5. These phenotypes indicated that CD4-independent entry is accompanied by reduced plasticity in coreceptor usage, possibly restricting the virus in its range of potential target cells in vivo. Future studies will examine whether antibody-mediated enforcement of CD4 tropism and coreceptor usage are selective pressures that also explain the conservation of CD4-dependent entry during HIV-1 infection. It is possible that these forces can be manipulated to reshape viral tropism and eliminate HIV-1 macrophage reservoirs. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Cell & Molecular Biology First Advisor Ronald G. Collman This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/860
Chronic Volume Overload Induces an Anti‐Fibrotic Cardiac Fibroblast Phenotype in Rat Hearts

Hearts with volume overload undergo progressive left ventricular dilatation with decreased extracellular matrix (ECM), despite increased intracardiac Ang II levels. This study determined whether changes in cardiac fibroblast (CF) phenotype occur between rats subjected to 4 and 15 wk aortocaval fistula (ACF) vs. aged‐matched shams. Western blot analysis and zymography measured basal or Ang II‐induced (100 nM, 24h) expression of Ang II type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 AT2R receptors and secretion of ECM proteins, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and PAI‐1. Primary CFs isolated from 4 and 15 wk ACF rats demonstrated a 30% decrease in basal collagen type I expression and ~40% increase in MMP‐13 and MT1‐MMP expression compared to age‐matched shams. There were no differences between AT1R and AT2R at 4 wks; a 40% decrease in AT1R and a 2‐fold increase in AT2R was detected in CF from 15 wk ACF rats vs. sham. Ang II‐induced secretion of PAI‐1 and TIMP‐2 was blunted in CF from 15 wk ACF vs. sham. Ang II increased MMP‐2/9 secretion by CF from 15 wk ACF but not in CF from age‐matched shams. Pretreatment with the AT2R antagonist PD123319 (1μM) blocked the anti‐fibrotic effects of Ang II. These data suggest that CF switch from a pro‐fibrotic to anti‐fibrotic phenotype in response to chronic volume overload, which may play a role in the transition to decompensated heart failure.
EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON α‐GALACTOSIDE CONTENT OF RED GRAM SEEDS (CAJANUS CAJAN, L)

The effect of simple processing methods such as autoclaving or soaking followed by cooking, hot soaking and boiling followed by soaking treatment on the levels of raffinose family of sugars in red gram (Cajanus cajan, L) seeds was determined. The percent removal of raffinose, stachyose and verbascose after autoclaving of red gram seeds for 30 min were 42.70, 48.43 and 47.48 respectively. In the soaking followed by cooking procedure of red gram seeds, there was a mean decrease of 56.37% for raffinose, 55.35% for stachyose and 59.03% for verbascose. The hot soaking procedure of red gram seeds resulted in a mean decrease of 78.12% for raffinose, 76.05% for stachyose and 77.23% for verbascose respectively. Lastly, the effect of boiling for 10 min followed by soaking of red gram seeds for 16 h led to a mean decrease of 92% for raffinose, 80% for stachyose and 87% for verbascose respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Traditional methods like autoclaving, soaking followed by cooking, hot soaking and boiling followed by soaking treatment are employed to reduce the flatulence-inducing raffinose family sugars in legume. Autoclaving for 30 min and soaking followed by cooking for 60 min of legume seeds have been found to reduce the raffinose family sugars. Whereas hot soaking and boiling, followed by soaking of red gram seeds will significantly reduce the raffinose family of sugars. This treatment resulted in the maximum reduction of flatus-inducing factors. This information could further stimulate application of these inexpensive and easy methods for the removal of raffinose family of sugars in different varieties of legume seeds.
LOS CÍCLIDOS (PISCES: CICHLIDAE) EN COLOMBIA: INTRODUCCIONES, TRASPLANTES Y REPOBLACIONES

This paper includes the current status of the Cichlidae family species introduced in Colombia, with special emphasis on tilapia,. analyzing the situation of its distribution, management, and the impact and status of these illegal activities. The number of intriductions is up to 26 species, among which 12 have been found in freshwater and estuarine habitats. There are several hybridization and transplant cases to different hydrographic basins. Their presence in the aquaculture production farms and,in the fishing industry in recent years, worsens even more the future of native species.
Symposium: Use of Pheromones in Tropical Crops: Leg Abscission and Adult Dolania (Ephemeroptera: Behningiidae)

Legs of male imagos and female subimagos of Dolania americana Edmunds and Traver are described. Distal segments of meso- and metathoracic legs of males break during the subimaginal molt and remain in the cast exuviae. Leg abscission is probably a method to ensure rapid completion of the subimaginal stage in this short-lived mayfly.
Role of PTPN22 in type 1 diabetes

A missense single-nucleotide polymorphism, C1858T in the PTPN22 gene, is associated with several human autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Graves’ disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, generalized vitiligo, and others. Genetic studies have shown that the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism is primarily associated with autoimmunity in different populations. The PTPN22 gene encodes the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase LYP, which is expressed only in white blood cells and acts as a gatekeeper for T lymphocyte activation. The molecular mechanism by which LYP tempers T lymphocyte activation through the T cell receptor (TCR) involves the formation of a complex between LYP and the negative regulatory kinase Csk. The autoimmunepredisposing PTPN22 T1858 allele encodes the phosphatase variant LYPW620, which cannot bind Csk. This study was undertaken in order to elucidate the mechanism of action of LYP-W620 in TCR signaling. We found that T cells from carriers of the predisposing allele produce less interleukin-2 upon TCR stimulation, and the encoded phosphatase has higher catalytic activity and is a more potent negative regulator of T lymphocyte activation. We conclude that the autoimmune-predisposing allele is a gain-of-function mutant.
Antipredator Defenses in Birds and Mammals

In nature, the ability to defend against predators is fundamental to an animal's survival. From the giraffes that rely on their spotted coats to blend into the patchy light of their woodland habitats to the South American sea lions that pile themselves in heaps to ward off the killer whales that prey on them in the shallow surf, defense strategies in the animal kingdom are seemingly innumerable. In Antipredator Defenses in Birds and Mammals, Tim Caro ambitiously synthesizes predator defenses in birds and mammals and integrates all functional and evolutionary perspectives on antipredator defenses that have developed over the last century. Structured chronologically along a hypothetical sequence of predation - Caro evokes a gazelle fawn desperate to survive a cheetah attack to illustrate the continuum of the evolution of antipredator defenses - Antipredator Defenses in Birds and Mammals considers the defenses that prey use to avoid detection by predators; the benefits of living in groups; morphological and behavioral defenses in individuals and groups; and, finally, flight and adaptations of last resort. Antipredator Defenses in Birds and Mammals will be of interest to both specialists and general readers interested in ecological issues.
Genotype By Environment Interaction in Shoot Branching

Plant development is highly plastic, allowing plants to adapt to constant changes in environmental conditions. An excellent example of developmental plasticity is shoot branching. The final architecture of the shoot system is determined by the integration of environmental cues such as light and nutrients with endogenous cues. In this thesis the effect of Nitrogen (N) availability on Arabidopsis shoot branching was used as a model to investigate plant developmental plasticity. In particular, natural variation in shoot branching response to N supply was investigated using a set of multi parent advanced generation inter cross (MAGIC) lines (Kover et al., 2009). Correlations between traits in a selected group of MAGIC lines revealed several interesting correlations, characterising two strategies for N response. One strategy involved flowering early, maintaining branch numbers of low N, and minimal shift in resource allocation to roots. This was associated with good seed yield and yield retention on low N. An alternative strategy involves late flowering, high branching on high N but low branching on low N, (i.e. high branching plasticity), and a substantial increase in root fraction on Low N. This was associated with high seed yields on high N, but poor yield retention on low N. The molecular basis for these different strategies are currently unknown, but it seems likely that plant hormones are involved. Analysis of bud activation on isolated nodal stem segments provided strong evidence that the regulation of branching by N availability requires strigolactone (SL), and that strigolactone acts by increasing the competition between buds. There was some evidence of strigolatone resistance in a low plasticity MAGIC line. Shoot system architecture is a key factor underlying crop yield, and yield stability under low N input is an agricultural priority. Therefore, in parallel the branching responses of a set of Brassica rapa lines to N limitation were determined. Results highlight many conserved features between Arabidopsis and Brassica, as well as some differences. These comparisons should aid breeding for shoot system architectures that can deliver improved yield under low N.
The role of the transcription factor 3 gene product E47 in multipotent hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors

E47, an alternative splice product of the transcription factor 3 (TCF3) gene, has been mechanistically linked with multiple leukemias and lymphomas, and thus it is of great public health importance to study the mechanisms by which E47 influences the development of the hematopoietic system. Throughout life, all mature blood cells are constantly replenished from rare, self-renewing bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and downstream non-renewing multipotent progenitors (MPPs). Little is known about the gene regulatory network that controls the integrity of these essential bone marrow subsets. Previous evidence has suggested a crucial role for the transcription factor E47 in lymphocyte lineage commitment. However, the specific stages of hematopoiesis that require E47 and the underlying mechanisms through which it acts on remain unclear. Our study aims to elucidate the role of the transcription factor E47 in the earliest, multipotent stages of hematopoiesis. Using E47 deficient mice, we found that E47 is required for the development and functional integrity of uncommitted hematopoietic progenitors. Our results showed that E47 deficient mice had a 50-70% reduction in non-renewing MPPs, and the residual MPPs failed to initiate V(D)J recombination, a hallmark of lymphoid lineage progression. The long-term lineage repopulation and self-renewal activities of the primitive HSCs are also compromised in the absence of E47. Not only were the in vivo long-term repopulating HSCs reduced by 3 fold in the bone marrow of E47 deficient mice, but also these HSCs displayed poor self-renewal efficiency by serial transplantation. The compromised self-renewal of E47 null HSCs appears to be associated with premature exhaustion due to over-proliferation under replication stress. The multipotent hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from E47 deficient mice displayed a striking hyperproliferation following transplantation stress, and they exhibited increased susceptibility to in vivo challenge with a mitotoxic drug. Finally, loss of function and gain of function assays identified the cell cycle inhibitor p21 as a target gene of E47. Together, these observations suggested that E47 regulates the development and functional potential of multipotent hematopoietic subsets, probably through effects on p21-mediated cell cycle quiescence. These findings might provide novel mechanistic insights into hematopoietic damage repair and malignant transformation.
Neuromechanics of Human Movement

Chapter 1. Describing Motion Chapter 2. Movement Forces Chapter 3. Forces Within the Body Chapter 4. Running, Jumping, and Throwing Chapter 5. Excitable Membranes Chapter 6. Muscle and Motor Units Chapter 7. Voluntary Movement Chapter 8. Acute Adjustments Chapter 9. Chronic Adaptations.
Nitric oxide inhibits vascular remodeling by decreasing angiotensin II‐induced RhoA translocation to caveolae and ROS formation (867.6)

Decreased production of nitric oxide (NO) leads to induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy via angiotensin II (AngII) receptors. However, the regulatory mechanism of NO activity on Ang II‐mediated VSMC remodeling remains fully unclear. Here we hypothesized that caveolin‐1 (cav1) and NO production are involved in the regulation of AngII‐induced VSMC remodeling via inhibition of the RhoA translocation to caveolae. Rat aortic rings were cultured in the presence of AngII (1 nM) with or without the NO donor S‐nitroso‐nacetylpenicillamine (100 μM; SNAP), the ROCK inhibitor (10 μM; Y‐27632), the RhoA inhibitor C3 exoenzyme (3 ng/ml; C3), or methyl‐B‐cyclodextrin (10 mM; MBCD). AngII‐induced VSMC hypertrophy and protein synthesis were inhibited by pre‐treatment with SNAP, Y‐27632, C3 or MBCD. AngII‐induced protein synthesis was associated with increased in ROS formation and expression of cav‐1 (2 folds), NADPH oxidase1 (NOX1; 4 folds) and NOX3 (5 folds) and decreased NOX2 (2 folds) expression and NO activity (3 folds).
Recreational boating: a large unregulated vector transporting marine invasive species

Aim Recreational boating is arguably the largest unregulated vector for the introduction and spread of marine invasive species. Hull fouling communities have been recognized to harbour non‐indigenous species (NIS), but presence should not be equated with transport. In this study, we characterize the presence of NIS in hull fouling communities, determine if host vessels transport these species and evaluate the importance of recreational boating as a vector for introduction and spread.
PEMANFAATAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT PADA PISANG UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT DARAH: ISOLASI, UJI PENGHAMBATAN IN VITRO DAN IN PLANTA

Blood desease caused by blood disease bacterium is one of the important disease of banana in Indonesia. Disease control using resistant varieties was difficult to be practiced because the pathogen can attack all varieties of banana. Sanitation and eradication has been done by farmers but the desease still occured in the field with high incidence. Aplication of same rhizosphere bacteria failed to control the desease in the field. Keyword: Bacillus spp. , Pseudomonas spp. , endophytic bacteria, blood disease bacterium, banana
The design of specific primers for the detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil samples by polymerase chain reaction.

A 0.7-kb DNA fragment, amplified by the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method from Ralstonia solanacearum total DNA, was cloned and evaluated as a specific DNA probe. This 0.7-kb DNA fragment hybridized to a 2.7-kb EcoRI fragment in the EcoRI-digested total DNA of R. solanacearum. The 2.7-kb EcoRI fragment was also cloned and hybridized only to R. solanacearum but not to other Pseudomonas spp. pathovars of Xanthomonas campestris, and Erwinia spp. tested. The DNA sequence of this 2.7-kb fragment was obtained and used to design specific oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The primers amplified the same 1.1-kb PCR product from all R. solanacearum strains tested and failed to amplify DNA from any other plant pathogenic bacterial strains tested. DNA isolated from several saprophytic bacteria did not produce any PCR products with these primers. This specific PCR for R. solanacearum was also performed from colonies grown on BG medium with similar results. The sensitivity of the PCR assay using the specific primers was about 20 cells. The PCR assay was used to detect R. solanacearum in soil using these primer sets. No PCR product could be found when soil extract containing R. solanacea rum was used directly in the assay. DNA extraction from soil was needed for the success of PCR assay. A simple method for DNA extraction from soil for PCR assay was developed and can hasten the detection of R. solanacearum in soil.
Signalling conflict between prey and predator attraction

Predators may utilize signals to exploit the sensory biases of their prey or their predators. The inclusion of conspicuous silk structures called decorations or stabilimenta in the webs of some orb‐web spiders (Araneae: Araneidae, Tetragnathidae, Uloboridae) appears to be an example of a sensory exploitation system. The function of these structures is controversial but they may signal to attract prey and/or deter predators. Here, we test these predictions, using a combination of field manipulations and laboratory experiments. In the field, decorations influenced the foraging success of adult female St. Andrew’s Cross spiders, Argiope keyserlingi: inclusion of decorations increased prey capture rates as the available prey also increased. In contrast, when decorations were removed, prey capture rates were low and unrelated to the amount of available prey. Laboratory choice experiments showed that significantly more flies (Chrysomya varipes; Diptera: Calliphoridae) were attracted to decorated webs. However, decorations also attracted predators (adult and juvenile praying mantids, Archimantis latistylus; Mantodea: Mantidae) to the web. St. Andrew’s Cross spiders apparently resolve the conflicting nature of a prey‐ and predator‐attracting signal by varying their decorating behaviour according to the risk of predation: spiders spun fewer decorations if their webs were located in dense vegetation where predators had greater access, than if the webs were located in sparse vegetation.
An Analysis on the Influence of Profitability, Firm Size, Liquidity, and Leverage on the Expression of Firm’s Social Responsibility in Banking Companies Listed in BEI (Indonesian Stock Exchange)

The objective of the research was to examine and analyze the influence of financial factors (the ratio of profitability, firm size, liquidity, and leverage) on the expression of firm’s social responsibility in banking companies listed in BEI (Indonesia Stock Exchange). The population was 28 banking companies listed in BEI in the period of 2012-2016, and all of them were used as the samples. The data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis with software e-views 7. The result of the research showed that, simultaneously, financial factors (profitability ratio, firm size, liquidity, and leverage) had significant influence on the expression of firm’s social responsibility. Partially, the ratio of firm size and leverage of financial factors had significant influence on the expression of firm’s social responsibility, while the variables of profitability and liquidity had significant influence on the expression of firm’s social responsibility. Determination value was 75.559% which indicated that the variables of the ratio of profitability, firm size, liquidity, and leverage had the influence on the expression of firm’s social responsibility simultaneously at 75.559%, while the remaining 24.441% were influenced by other factors excluded from the research variables.