Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barnes-Hut-SNE

The paper presents an O(N log N)-implementation of t-SNE -- an embedding technique that is commonly used for the visualization of high-dimensional data in scatter plots and that normally runs in O(N^2). The new implementation uses vantage-point trees to compute sparse pairwise similarities between the input data objects, and it uses a variant of the Barnes-Hut algorithm - an algorithm used by astronomers to perform N-body simulations - to approximate the forces between the corresponding points in the embedding. Our experiments show that the new algorithm, called Barnes-Hut-SNE, leads to substantial computational advantages over standard t-SNE, and that it makes it possible to learn embeddings of data sets with millions of objects.
3-Chloro-4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one

The title compound, C10H8ClNO, is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation for the 13 non-H atoms = 0.023 Å). In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 2(8) rings. Weak aromatic π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.7622 (12) Å] also occur.
3-[2-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one

In the title compound, C12H13N3O2S, the oxazolidin ring displays an envelope conformation. The dihedral angle between the benzimidazole ring and the 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one mean plane is 69.85 (13)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by intermolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a chain parallel to the b axis.
FINREG : a financialregulatory model for utility capacity expansion plan evaluation

A corporate financial/regulatory model, called FINREG, is presented to simulate a utility's accounting practices, financial policy and constraints, and ratemaking environment. For each year of simulation FINREG will yield as output electricity rates, pro-forma accounting statements, selected accounting ratios, and the accumulated present value of dividends less common stock offerings. The model is used to perform a financial evaluation of two feasible expansion options for Boston Edison Company. The two options are generated by OPTGEN, an MIT Energy Laboratory dynamic programming capacity expansion program. OPTGEN provides the capacity additions and annual fuel costs for each option. For the first plan, OPTGEN added an 800 MW coal unit in 1987 and a 250 MW coal unit in 1992 to the existing Boston Edison system. For the second, a 1000 MW nuclear unit was prespecified to begin operation in 1989, and OPTGEN added a 250 MW coal unit in 1987. Financial and regulatory assumptions were specified for each option. FINREG generated selected statistics for the two options through 1998. The equity value associated with each option is estimated. Under the given assumptions, Boson Edison's shareholders are better off with the two coal unit expansion plan. I C Y----------9"WIN momoi miwI wiYI YiiYIIil IIwy
Patient and Hospital Factors Associated With Hospital Admissions for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions

Background. Patients admitted into hospitals with ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) conditions generally lack adequate primary care or are not adequately managed on an ambulatory basis. This study explored the magnitude of discharges of patients with ACS condition in American hospitals and examined patient and hospital factors associated with hospital admissions for ACS conditions. Methods. Data for this study was obtained from the 1994 National Hospital Discharge Survey. Bivariate statistical comparisons were performed to test the differences between ACS condition and non-ACS condition groups in specific demographics and hospital characteristics. Logistic regression was then applied to determine the independent effect of individual demographic and hospital factors in relation to hospitalizations for ACS conditions. Results. We found that about 12% of the hospitalized patients were discharged with ACS conditions. Hospitals likely to have a higher rate of ACS discharges were governmental, relatively small in terms of beds, and situated in the non-West region. Patients likely to be discharged with ACS conditions were older, male, African American, unmarried, without insurance, or without an expected secondary source of payment. Conclusions. Using regularly collected hospital discharge data at the national, state, and community levels, providers and decision makers can easily make timely assessments about population needs and the extent of access barriers faced by special population groups.
4‐(4‐Chloro­phenyl)‐3‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5(4H)‐thione

The title mol­ecule, C12H8ClN3OS, is not planar. The benzene and furan rings make dihedral angles of 78.4 (1) and 5.6 (1)° with the mean plane of the central triazole ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H⋯S, C—H⋯Cl, C—H⋯N, C—H⋯π and π–π interactions.
2-Cycloheptylidene-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide

In the title compound, C14H19N3S, the seven-membered cycloheptane ring adopts a chair conformation. An intramolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond [graph-set motif S(5)] is present in the N—N—C—N chain between the ring systems. An intramolecular C—H⋯S contact also occurs. In the crystal, pairs of molecules form centrosymmetric dimers through N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds [graph-set R 2 2(8)]. These dimers are connected by C—H⋯S interactions with an R 2 2(14) motif.
The mechanism of phonation. A search for a rational theory of voice production.

Ten years ago the well-known French physicist and singer Raoul Husson13introduced a new theory of voice production which differed so radically from the previous concept, that his enthusiastic followers described it as a "Copernican Revolution. " For well over a century the classic theory of the German physiologist Johannes Muller21had been accepted by laryngeal scientists through the world. This myoelastic theory ascribed the production of vocal sounds to the rhythmic opening and closing of the glottis under the influence of the subglottic air pressure. In this concept the active force is provided by the current of air which controls the vibratory movements of the vocal folds. Minor modifications of this theory by Tonndorf,37in 1925, and Smith,31in 1954, emphasized its aerodynamic complements, but did not alter its basic character. Suddenly the scientific world was faced with a totally different concept—a "coup par coup" regulation
4-Methyl-5-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile

Molecules of the potential non-linear optical title compound, C13H9N3O3, form dimeric stacks of molecules along the a axis cross-linked around inversion centers by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak (phenyl)C—H⋯O intermolecular interactions, forming a ‘collaboration’ of R 2 2(8) and R 2 2(16) ring motifs. The molecules are then further linked by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N interactions into sheets parallel to (121).
2-Deoxy-α-d-arabino-hexopyranose

The title compound, C6H12O5, is the α-pyranose form of the reducing aldose 2-deoxy-d-arabino-hexose. The six-membered pyranose ring adopts a 4 C 1 conformation, with the anomeric hydroxy group in axial and the other substituents in equatorial positions. In the crystal, each of the four hydroxy groups acts as an intermolecular hydrogen-bond donor function, resulting in a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network.
Using scores in interpreting growth status effectively improved infant feeding practices and calorie intake of child aged 0-12 months

Background: Inappropriate feeding practices including breast-feeding practice during the first year of life identified to be associated with 60% of child malnutrition and mortality. Lack of feeding skills is the major cause. World Health Organization (WHO) mentions that growth chart is a good educational tool for parents. It needs an innovation to introduce growth chart. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the effect of scores in measuring child growth status on feeding practices and calorie intake. The hypothesis of this study is that after intervention there would be a significant improvement of feeding practices which in turn will affect the calorie intake of children in the intervention group. Materials and Methods: This study is to measure the impact of using score bubble growth chart on infant feeding practices and calorie intake. A total of 107 caregivers selected purposively from two different locations. Mothers in intervention group were trained to use score bubble growth chart while mothers in control group used the normal growth chart. Sixteen written questions were designed and tested to measure mothersâ€™ behavior in feeding their babies. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square test. Result: Before intervention, there was no significant difference of infant feeding practices and types of food given (p > 0.05) and child calorie intake (p > 0.05) between intervention and control groups. However, after intervention, there was significant difference in exclusive breast-feeding proportion (58% vs 36%; p < 0.01), breastfed more than eight times/day (58% vs 32%; p < 0.01), breastfed more than 15 min/session (45% vs 29%; p < 0.01) and calorie intake (91.6% recommended dietary allowance [RDA] vs 76.5% RDA; p < 0.00 ) in intervention and control groups, respectively. Conclusion: Using scores in growth monitoring program improved infant feeding practices and calorie intake.
Health IT-related obstacles and facilitators in coordinating care for patients with chronic illness: A longitudinal study

Introduction: Coordinating care for patients with chronic illness is a major challenge for healthcare as these patients interact with multiple providers and healthcare organizations during their journey. Health information technology (IT) has been proposed to support care coordination, but can bring its own challenges. In this longitudinal study we examined the obstacles and facilitators experienced by care managers in using various forms of health IT. Methods: We interviewed 14 hospital and outpatient care managers who coordinated care for patients with chronic illnesses across multiple transitions of care. These interviews were conducted over a period of one year. Results and discussion: Care managers experienced both obstacles and facilitators in their use of health IT for care coordination. Despite technical and human factors problems with the technologies, care managers described several benefits of health IT.
4-Amino-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)aminomethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione

The molecule of the title compound, C10H13N5OS, is approximately planar, the dihedral angle between the triazole and benzene rings being 4.53 (10)°. The amino group adopts a pyramidal configuration. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into two-dimensional networks parallel to (001) by intermolecular N—H⋯S and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. In addition, an S⋯S short contact of 3.3435 (7) Å is observed.
2,4-Dichloro-1-[1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)ethyl]benzene

In the title compound, C15H12Cl4O, the dihedral angle between the least-squares planes of the two benzene rings is 82.6 (9)°. The dihedral angles between the COC mean plane of the oxy group and the two benzene rings are 84.3 (5) and 10.8 (5)°. In the crystal, two weak π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.9989 (8) and 3.7912 (8) Å] and a C—H⋯π interaction are observed.
4-[4-(Diethylamino)phenyl]-N-methyl-3-nitro-4H-chromen-2-amine

In the title compound, C20H23N3O3, the dihydropyran ring adopts half-chair conformation. The chromene system makes a dihedral angle of 87.35 (5)° with the adjacent benzene ring. An intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) motif, which stabilizes the molecular conformation. In the crystal, weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds contribute to the stabilization of the packing.
The Women's Interagency HIV Study

The Women's Interagency HIV Study comprises the largest U.S. cohort to date of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women (N = 2,058) with a comparison cohort of seronegative women (N = 568). The methodology, training, and quality assurance activities employed are described. The study population, enrolled between October 1994 and November 1995 through six clinical consortia throughout the United States (totaling 23 sites) represents a typically hard-to-reach study population. More than half of the women in each cohort were living below the federally defined levels of poverty. The women ranged in age from 16 to 73 years; approximately one-quarter self-identified as Latina or Hispanic, over one-half as African-American not of Hispanic origin, and less than 20% as white, non-Hispanic origin. Self-reporting of HIV exposure risk included injection drug use by 34% of the seropositive women and 28% of the seronegative women, heterosexual contact (42% vs 26%), transfusion risk (4% vs 3%) and no identified risk (20% vs 43%). Demographic and HIV exposure risk characteristics of the seropositive cohort were comparable with characteristics of nationally reported AIDS cases in U.S. women. This well characterized cohort of HIV-seropositive and high-risk seronegative women represents a rich opportunity for future studies of HIV disease progression and pathogenesis.
2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-[5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one

In the molecule of the title compound, C18H13Cl2N3O2S2, the thiazolidinone ring has an envelope conformation with the S atom displaced by 0.394 (3) Å from the plane of the other ring atoms. The thiadiazole ring is oriented at a dihedral angle of 7.40 (4)° with respect to the 4-methoxyphenyl ring. Intramolecular C—H⋯S, C—H⋯N and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds result in the formation of two planar and two non-planar five-membered rings. The planar five-membered rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 6.23 (3)°. The 2,4-dichlorophenyl ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 84.21 (4) and 83.55 (3)° with respect to the thiadiazole and 4-methoxyphenyl rings, respectively. In the crystal structure, intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers.
Integrating Information by Outerjoins and Full Disjunctions

Our motivation is the piecing together of tidbits of information found on the "web" into a usable information structure. The problem is related to that of computing the natural outerjoin of many relations in a way that preserves all possible connections among facts. Such a computation has been termed a "full disjunction" by Galindo-Legaria. We are thus led to ask the question of when a full disjunction can be computed by some sequence of natural outerjoins. The answer involves a concept of from Fagin [1983] called fl-acyclic hypergraphs. " We prove that there is a natural outerjoin sequence producing the full disjunction if and only if the set of relation schemes forms a connected, fl-acyclic hypergraph.
Health impacts of Facebook usage among undergraduate students of Health Care Professions

Facebook usage is popular among undergraduate students. It is used for both social interactions and educational purposes. There are more than 900 million active users of Face book. It is currently the world’s most popular social networking website. Face book has been used to keep in touch with others and to surreptitiously monitor their activities (Joinson, 2008). The students spend a lot of time in viewing posts on Face book and sharing their ideas. Face book is attractive to students because it is available for free, easy to use and has anonymous access to information about others. However, it is important on the part of students to understand the pros and cons of Facebook usage (Marshall, 2012). Some recent studies reported nausea, loss of appetite and migraine to be associated with Facebook usage (Tokunaga, 2011). A study by Sami et al reported a significant association between excessive use of Facebook and holding of urine and defecation, postponing or skipping meals and sleep deprivation among undergraduate medical students. Significant association was also observed between feeling of isolation from family or society and Facebook usage (Sami, 2013). Though there are many negative health effects of Facebook usage, but it has the potential to be used as a learning tool in higher education in modern era. Facebook was reported to be useful for students in the social and the academic aspects as it allows for interactive learning between students and facilitators in higher educational institutions (Vivian, 2011). With this background, we would like to conduct a study among undergraduate students of various health care professions to determine the association between Face book usage and health effects. We hope to provide recommendations to improve the strategies to mitigate the negative health effects of Face book usage. In this study health science is defined as Pharmacy, Medicine and Dentistry. Outcome of the present study will be useful in educating and motivating the undergraduate students of various health care professions to adopt healthy lifestyles and minimizing the Facebook usage in order to avoid the negative health effects. Research Article
COMMENTARY Calcium and Bone Metabolism in Pregnancy and Lactation

The adult skeleton contains approximately 99% of calcium in the body, and that content is perceived to be stable in the young to middle-aged adult female, unless ovarian failure and certain medications or illnesses have interfered. In fact, calcium and bone metabolism is substantially altered during the normal reproductive periods of pregnancy and lactation, and bone density can drop and regain 3‐10% in the span of a few months in normal, healthy women. The primary cause for this disruption is, of course, the calcium requirements of the rapidly mineralizing skeleton of the fetus and neonate. The fetus and placenta actively pump calcium from the maternal circulation, while hormonal changes in the mother ensure a sufficient supply of calcium to the breast milk and, thereby, the nursing infant. Although the daily maternal calcium losses in the third trimester are similar to the daily calcium losses in breast milk of an exclusively lactating woman, it seems that the adjustments made in each of these reproductive periods differ significantly. This article summarizes what is currently known about altered calcium homeostasis in pregnancy and lactation; the interested reader is referred to a recent comprehensive review for more information and detailed references (1). Pregnancy The normal fetal skeleton has accreted about 30 g calcium by the end of gestation, but about 80% of the accretion occurs rapidly during the third trimester. This corresponds to a daily accretion rate of about 250 ‐300 mg calcium by the fetal skeleton during the third trimester. The mother could theoretically meet this demand by increasing the intestinal absorption of calcium, decreasing renal calcium losses, and increasing the resorption of calcium from the maternal skeleton. The evidence indicates that alterations in intestinal calcium absorption may be a major adaptation in the preg
Establishing a baseline incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalised oncology patients

Objectives. To establish the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in oncology patients hospitalised at a tertiary referral adult cancer hospital and identify areas where intervention strategies may effectively reduce their impact. Design. A prospective study was conducted in November and December 1998 at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute (PMCI), Melbourne, Australia. Pharmacists identified patients who had experienced an ADR contributing to the admission or occurring during the episode of care. Outcome measures. An assessment was made of causality, as definite, probably or possibly. The severity of the ADR was assessed as mild, moderate or severe. Results. Twenty-six admissions (9.6%) were related to drug therapy. One hundred and thirty-four ADRs occurred in 86 inpatient episodes of care (31.6% of admissions). One hundred and four ADRs (60.8%) were associated with active therapy for malignancy or infection. Supportive therapy, including analgesics and antiemetics, were implicated in 67 (39.2%) adverse events. Pharmacists rated the majority of reactions as definitely associated with the implicated drug and the majority of at least moderate severity. Discussion. Drug therapy contributed to 9.6% of admissions. This is higher than in other Australian studies. The majority of ADRs identified were associated with active therapy for malignancy or infection. These adverse effects are not unexpected in the setting of aggressive therapy. Other potentially preventable ADRs may be overlooked in the context of the more severe and life-threatening events occurring simultaneously. Conclusion. Approximately 37.5% of patients admitted to PMCI experienced an ADR. Many of these events may have been prevented using simple intervention strategies. There is an opportunity for clinical pharmacists to ensure preventive measures are instituted, thereby improving patient outcomes.
PATTERNS OF BREAST CANCER RELAPSE AT UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA MEDICAL CENTRE

Despite being the major cause of cancer-related death in Malaysian women, local data on patterns of breast cancer relapse and their long term outcomes are still scarce. We conducted a retrospective study on all patients treated for non-metastatic invasive breast cancer in 19992000 at the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), who subsequently developed relapse. We sought to analyse the patterns of relapse, their associated clinicopathological features and the overall survival ratefollowing the relapses. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyse demographics and clinicopathological factors. Survival was analysed using the Kaplan and Meier method and compared by the log rank test. A total of 268 patients with a mean age of 50, were identified for the study. At a median follow-up of 50 months, 73 patients (27.2%) had relapsed. Local, regional and distant relapse rates were 5.5%, 1.9% and 19.8% respectively, whereas, the 5-year survival rates were 61%, 40% and 21% respectively (p < 0.01). Most relapses occurred within the first five years of diagnosis. Patients with long disease-free interval had better survival. The most common distant relapse site was the lungs while bone was the distant relapse site with the best prognosis. Disease stage, nodal status and oestrogen receptor status were found to have correlation with the risk of relapse. We concluded that the survival of patients with relapsed breast cancer was associated with the site(s) of first relapse and the disease free interval and clinicopathological factors can be used to predict the risk of relapse. (JUMMEC 2010; 13 (1): 24-32)
A dual Newton based preconditioned proximal point algorithm for exclusive lasso models

The exclusive lasso (also known as elitist lasso) regularization has become popular recently due to its superior performance on group sparsity. Compared to the group lasso regularization which enforces the competition on variables among different groups, the exclusive lasso regularization also enforces the competition within each group. In this paper, we propose a highly efficient dual Newton based preconditioned proximal point algorithm (PPDNA) to solve machine learning models involving the exclusive lasso regularizer. As an important ingredient, we provide a rigorous proof for deriving the closed-form solution to the proximal mapping of the weighted exclusive lasso regularizer. In addition, we derive the corresponding HS-Jacobian to the proximal mapping and analyze its structure --- which plays an essential role in the efficient computation of the PPA subproblem via applying a semismooth Newton method on its dual. Various numerical experiments in this paper demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed PPDNA against other state-of-the-art numerical algorithms.