Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Do You Mean 'Why?': Resolving Sluices in Conversations

In conversation, we often ask one-word questions such as ‘Why? ’ or ‘Who? ’. Such questions are typically easy for humans to answer, but can be hard for computers, because their resolution requires retrieving both the right semantic frames and the right arguments from context. This paper introduces the novel ellipsis resolution task of resolving such one-word questions, referred to as sluices in linguistics. We present a crowd-sourced dataset containing annotations of sluices from over 4,000 dialogues collected from conversational QA datasets, as well as a series of strong baseline architectures.
Viscous fluid holographic bounce

We investigate bounce cosmological models in the presence of a viscous fluid, making use of generalized holographic cutoffs introduced by Nojiri and Odintsov [Covariant generalized holographic dark energy and accelerated universe, Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 528, arXiv:1703.06372 [hep-th]]. We consider both an exponential, a power-law, and a double exponential form for the scale factor. By use of these models, we calculate expressions for infrared cutoffs analytically, such that they correspond to the particle horizon at the bounce. Finally, we derive the energy conservation equation, from the holographic point of view. In that way, the relationship between the viscous fluid bounce and the holographic bounce is demonstrated.
TrueLearn: A Family of Bayesian Algorithms to Match Lifelong Learners to Open Educational Resources

The recent advances in computer-assisted learning systems and the availability of open educational resources today promise a pathway to providing cost-efficient high-quality education to large masses of learners. One of the most ambitious use cases of computer-assisted learning is to build a lifelong learning recommendation system. Unlike short-term courses, lifelong learning presents unique challenges, requiring sophisticated recommendation models that account for a wide range of factors such as background knowledge of learners or novelty of the material while effectively maintaining knowledge states of masses of learners for significantly longer periods of time (ideally, a lifetime). This work presents the foundations towards building a dynamic, scalable and transparent recommendation system for education, modelling learner's knowledge from implicit data in the form of engagement with open educational resources. We i) use a text ontology based on Wikipedia to automatically extract knowledge components of educational resources and, ii) propose a set of online Bayesian strategies inspired by the well-known areas of item response theory and knowledge tracing. Our proposal, TrueLearn, focuses on recommendations for which the learner has enough background knowledge (so they are able to understand and learn from the material), and the material has enough novelty that would help the learner improve their knowledge about the subject and keep them engaged. We further construct a large open educational video lectures dataset and test the performance of the proposed algorithms, which show clear promise towards building an effective educational recommendation system.
The Performance of Machine and Deep Learning Classifiers in Detecting Zero-Day Vulnerabilities

The detection of zero-day attacks and vulnerabilities is a challenging problem. It is of utmost importance for network administrators to identify them with high accuracy. The higher the accuracy is, the more robust the defense mechanism will be. In an ideal scenario (i.e., 100% accuracy) the system can detect zero-day malware without being concerned about mistakenly tagging benign files as malware or enabling disruptive malicious code running as none-malicious ones. This paper investigates different machine learning algorithms to find out how well they can detect zero-day malware. Through the examination of 34 machine/deep learning classifiers, we found that the random forest classifier offered the best accuracy. The paper poses several research questions regarding the performance of machine and deep learning algorithms when detecting zero-day malware with zero rates for false positive and false negative.
Random Fourier Features via Fast Surrogate Leverage Weighted Sampling

In this paper, we propose a fast surrogate leverage weighted sampling strategy to generate refined random Fourier features for kernel approximation. Compared to the current state-of-the-art method that uses the leverage weighted scheme [Li-ICML2019], our new strategy is simpler and more effective. It uses kernel alignment to guide the sampling process and it can avoid the matrix inversion operator when we compute the leverage function. Given n observations and s random features, our strategy can reduce the time complexity from O(ns^2+s^3) to O(ns^2), while achieving comparable (or even slightly better) prediction performance when applied to kernel ridge regression (KRR). In addition, we provide theoretical guarantees on the generalization performance of our approach, and in particular characterize the number of random features required to achieve statistical guarantees in KRR. Experiments on several benchmark datasets demonstrate that our algorithm achieves comparable prediction performance and takes less time cost when compared to [Li-ICML2019].
Correlação entre os achados da fibronasolaringoscopia e da polissonografia em pacientes com mucopolissacaridose Tipo VI

INTRODUCTION: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a lysosomal storage disease that affects an enzyme responsible for the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Partially degraded GAGs accumulate in several tissues, such as the upper airways, which leads to the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in these patients. OBJECTIVE: To describe airway findings in mucopolysaccharidosis type VI patients, identified with flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL), and compare it with polysomnography (PSG) abnormalities. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: All MPS VI diagnosed patients, age ranging from 14 to 24 years, followed at the Genetic Division of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre were included. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained by an interview with parents. Overnight PSG was performed, and results were classified as normal or mildly, moderately or severely abnormal. FFL was performed at the outpatient clinics, without sedation, between 7 days prior and seven days after PSG. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopies were recorded in DVD and analyzed by a blind researcher. FFL was classified as 1 no obstruction, 2 mild obstruction, 3 moderate obstruction or 4 severe obstruction of the airways, using the highest score obtained in all the regions. RESULTS: Eleven patients with MPS VI were included, and seven (63.6%) were males. Eight (72.7%) had severe obstruction of the airways, two (18.2%) had moderate obstruction, and one (9.1%) had mild obstruction at FFL. At PSG, nine (81.8%) patients had obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Of these, five (45.5%) were mild, three (27.2%) moderate, and one (9.1%) severe OSAS. Moderate to severe hypertrophy of the nasal turbinates was found in 81.8% of the patients, and 64% had severe infiltration of the supraglotic area. There was no association between FFL and PSG findings (p=0.454; kappa= -0.09; CI= -0.34 to 0.17), demonstrating no agreement between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, all patients with MPS showed some degree of airway obstruction. As there was no correlation between FFL and PSG findings, we suggest performing PSG in all subjects with MPS in order to determine disease severity.
On the Disclosure of Promotion Value in Platforms with Learning Sellers

We consider a platform facilitating trade between sellers and buyers with the objective of maximizing consumer surplus. Even though in many such marketplaces prices are set by revenue-maximizing sellers, platforms can influence prices through (i) price-dependent promotion policies that can increase demand for a product by featuring it in a prominent position on the webpage and (ii) the information revealed to sellers about the value of being promoted. Identifying effective joint information design and promotion policies is a challenging dynamic problem as sellers can sequentially learn the promotion value from sales observations and update prices accordingly. We introduce the notion of confounding promotion policies, which are designed to prevent a Bayesian seller from learning the promotion value (at the expense of the short-run loss of diverting consumers from the best product offering). Leveraging these policies, we characterize the maximum long-run average consumer surplus that is achievable through joint information design and promotion policies when the seller sets prices myopically. We then establish a Bayesian Nash equilibrium by showing that the seller's best response to the platform's optimal policy is to price myopically at every history. Moreover, the equilibrium we identify is platform-optimal within the class of horizon-maximin equilibria, in which strategies are not predicated on precise knowledge of the horizon length, and are designed to maximize payoff over the worst-case horizon. Our analysis allows one to identify practical long-run average optimal platform policies in a broad range of demand models.
Convolutional Mixture Density Recurrent Neural Network for Predicting User Location with WiFi Fingerprints

Predicting smartphone users activity using WiFi fingerprints has been a popular approach for indoor positioning in recent years. However, such a high dimensional time-series prediction problem can be very tricky to solve. To address this issue, we propose a novel deep learning model, the convolutional mixture density recurrent neural network (CMDRNN), which combines the strengths of convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks and mixture density networks. In our model, the CNN sub-model is employed to detect the feature of the high dimensional input, the RNN sub-model is utilized to capture the time dependency and the MDN sub-model is for predicting the final output. For validation, we conduct the experiments on the real-world dataset and the obtained results illustrate the effectiveness of our method.
Synthesis of Reduced Asymmetric Choice Petri Nets

A Petri net is choice-free if any place has at most one transition in its postset (consuming its tokens) and it is (extended) free-choice (EFC) if the postsets of any two places are either equal or disjoint. Asymmetric choice (AC) extends EFC such that two places may also have postsets where one is contained in the other. In reduced AC nets this containment is limited: If the postsets are neither disjoint nor equal, one is a singleton and the other has exactly two transitions. The aim of Petri net synthesis is to find an unlabelled Petri net in some target class with a reachability graph isomorphic to a given finite labelled transition system (lts). Choice-free nets have strong properties, allowing to often easily detect when synthesis will fail or at least to quicken the synthesis. With EFC as the target class, only few properties can be checked ahead and there seem to be no short cuts lowering the complexity of the synthesis (compared to arbitrary Petri nets). For AC nets no synthesis procedure is known at all. We show here how synthesis to a superclass of reduced AC nets (not containing the full AC net class) can be done.
Arbovírus Ilheus em aves silvestres (Sporophila caerulescens e Molothrus bonariensis)

OBJETIVO: Relatar o isolamento do virus Ilheus no Estado de Sao Paulo e avaliar o seu impacto para a saude publica. METODOS: O isolamento de virus foi realizado em camundongos albinos Swiss, a partir de sangue de aves silvestres, capturadas com redes de espera tipo mist net, armadas no nivel do solo, no Parque Ecologico do Tiete, Sao Paulo. A identificacao das cepas isoladas foi feita pelos testes de inibicao da hemaglutinacao, fixacao de complemento e neutralizacao em camundongos. Amostras de plasma de aves e de mamiferos silvestres foram submetidas a pesquisa sorologica para deteccao de anticorpos inibidores de hemaglutinacao. RESULTADOS: Foram isoladas duas cepas do virus Ilheus em sangue de aves das especies Sporophila caerulescens e Molothrus bonariensis e detectados anticorpos em aves das especies Columbina talpacoti, Geopelia cuneata, Molothrus bonariensis e Sicalis flaveola, em saguis das especies Callithrix jacchus e Callithrix penicillata e no quati Nasua nasua. CONCLUSOES: O isolamento do virus Ilheus e a deteccao de anticorpos especificos em aves residentes, migratorias e de cativeiro, em saguis e quatis, comprovam a presenca desse agente no Parque Ecologico do Tiete. O comportamento migratorio de aves silvestres pode determinar a introducao do virus em outras regioes. Considerando-se a patogenicidade para o homem e a confirmacao da circulacao desse agente viral em area urbana, frequentada para atividade de lazer e de educacao, o risco de ocorrencia de infeccao na populacao humana nao pode ser descartado.
UMA TENTATIVA DE HUMANIZAR A RELAÇÃO DA EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM COM A FAMÍLIA DE PACIENTES INTERNADOS NA UTI

A internacao na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e a situacao vivida pelo paciente estende o sofrimento deste momento a familia, tanto pelos possiveis riscos presentes, como pelo distanciamento do seu familiar. O objetivo desse relato e compartilhar experiencias e conhecimentos construidos na relacao com pacientes, familiares e equipe de enfermagem, de modo a demonstrar a relevância da humanizacao do cuidado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, contemplando o reconhecimento da individualidade do paciente e de sua familia, bem como, a humanizacao dos proprios trabalhadores, utilizando as etapas propostas por Travelbee para a construcao de um processo de interacao interpessoal. Tais vivencias permitiram reconhecer o significado da interacao estabelecida com a equipe de enfermagem, pacientes e familiares; possibilitou a expressao dos sentimentos dos envolvidos na relacao, o resgate da sensibilidade e da habilidade para observar e a avaliacao das acoes de enfermagem.
MFEM: a modular finite element methods library

MFEM is an open-source, lightweight, flexible and scalable C++ library for modular finite element methods that features arbitrary high-order finite element meshes and spaces, support for a wide variety of discretization approaches and emphasis on usability, portability, and high-performance computing efficiency. MFEM's goal is to provide application scientists with access to cutting-edge algorithms for high-order finite element meshing, discretizations and linear solvers, while enabling researchers to quickly and easily develop and test new algorithms in very general, fully unstructured, high-order, parallel and GPU-accelerated settings. In this paper we describe the underlying algorithms and finite element abstractions provided by MFEM, discuss the software implementation, and illustrate various applications of the library.
Type 2 Diabetes: Uses of thiazolidinediones and insulin

This is the first of a series of articles based on presentations at the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 70th Scientific Sessions held on 25–29 June 2010 in Orlando, Florida, pertaining to thiazolidinedione(s) (TZD) and to approaches to insulin treatment for type 2 diabetes. At a symposium on the role of TZD, Thomas Buchanan (Los Angeles, CA) discussed the β-cell benefits of TZD and their action to slow the progression of diabetes. Clinically, the agents increase body fat, acting to increase appetite, but making fat “behave better” and leading to a reduction in insulin resistance and improved glycemia. TZDs alter circulating lipids, lower blood pressure, reduce coronary artery restenosis after percutaneous intervention, and decrease ultrasonographic progression of carotid and coronary artery disease but increase the risk of distal extremity (and perhaps other skeletal) fracture and of congestive heart failure. They may alter the risk of acute occlusive events. To set the stage for understanding the TZD effect on β-cell function, Buchanan reviewed the hyperbolic relationship between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. The product of the two parameters, the disposition index, decreases as diabetes develops. Cross-sectional data suggest that, as the fasting glucose increases from under 100 to 100–140 and again from 140 to 180 mg/dL, there is particularly great deterioration in β-cell function, with lesser deterioration as glucose levels increase further (1). Buchanan reviewed his studies, comparing those who had developed diabetes with those who had not after having had gestational diabetes. There was a nonlinear relationship between reduction in β-cell function and elevations in glucose levels, with greater reduction leading to the development of diabetes (2). Although he pointed out that higher blood glucose, lesser β-cell function, and worse degrees of insulin resistance “doesn't actually tell you why they develop diabetes,” Buchanan reviewed further analysis showing weight gain to …
Saúde gengival de adolescentes e a utilização de serviços odontológicos, Estado de São Paulo

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associacao de condicoes de saude gengival com a utilizacao de servico odontologico. METODOS: Realizou-se levantamento epidemiologico de saude bucal de 1.799 adolescentes, em 35 cidades do Estado de Sao Paulo, em 2002. A saude gengival foi avaliada pela prevalencia de sangramento na gengiva a sondagem e calculo dentario (indice periodontal comunitario) e oclusao dentaria (indice de estetica dentaria). A utilizacao de servicos odontologicos foi medida pelo indice de cuidado (O/CPO) para cada cidade. Analise multinivel de regressao logistica ajustou modelos explicativos para fatores associados aos desfechos de interesse. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia de sangramento gengival a sondagem foi 21,5%; de calculo dentario foi 19,4%. Os participantes do sexo masculino, negros e pardos, moradores em areas rurais, residentes em domicilios aglomerados e com atraso escolar apresentaram chance significantemente mais elevada para os agravos que seus respectivos pares de comparacao. Caracteristicas de oclusao dentaria tambem associaram com gengiva nao-saudavel: apinhamento dos segmentos incisais, mordida aberta vertical anterior, relacao molar antero-posterior. Cidades com maior utilizacao de servico odontologico tiveram menor proporcao de adolescentes com sangramento gengival e calculo. CONCLUSOES: A utilizacao de servicos odontologicos foi significativamente associada a melhores condicoes de saude gengival (sangramento e calculo). Essa associacao independeu das caracteristicas sociodemograficas individuais e contextuais, e de oclusao dentaria.
REVIEW: RECENT ADVANCES IN PERIODONTAL FORMULATIONS

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by infection of a periodontal pocket arising from the accumulation of subgingival plaque. Periodontal disease has been considered as a possible risk factor for other systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and pre-term low birth weight infants. Aggressive forms of periodontitis can be localized or generalized. Local delivery of antimicrobial agents using controlled release systems should be considered as adjunctive to mechanical debridement for the treatment of localized forms of periodontal destruction. Systemic administration of drugs leads to therapeutic concentrations at the site of infection, but for short periods of time, forcing repeated dosing for longer periods. Local delivery of antimicrobials has been investigated for the possibility of overcoming the limitations of conventional therapy. The use of sustained release formulations to deliver anti-bacterial to the site of infection (periodontal pocket) has recently gained interest. These products provide a long-term, effective treatment at the site of infection at much smaller doses. This article reviews various types of delivery systems evaluated in practical periodontal therapy and identifies areas where further research may lead to a clinically effective intra-pocket delivery system.
Prevalencia de parkinsonismos atípicos en la clínica de trastornos del movimiento de un hospital de referencia de la Ciudad de México

Introduction: The atypical parkinsonisms include both alpha-synucleinopathies and tauopathies and are considered part of the differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. Objective: To determine the prevalence of atypical parkinsonisms in the movement disorders clinic at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery. Methods: We analyzed all records of patients admitted to the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery with a diagnosis of parkinsonism or rigid-akinetic syndrome in the period between 2003 and 2010. Diagnosis was recorded from the clinical file and compared with the diagnostic criteria for each of the parkinsonism syndromes for confirmatory purposes. Results: A total of 647 cases were reviewed obtaining a final sample of 36 (5.6%) patients with atypical parkinsonism. A total of 10 (28%) patients with progressive supranuclear palsy were identified, 10 (28%) cases of dementia with Lewy bodies, 5 (14%) cases with multiple system atrophy, 2 (7%) with frontotemporal dementia, one (3%) case with corticobasal degeneration and another (3%) with parkinsonismdystonia syndrome. There were 7 (19%) cases with unclassifiable parkinsonism. Conclusions: The frequency of atypical parkinsonism was 5.6%, which is consistent
A Literature Review on: Pathogenesis and Management of Dementia due to Alzheimer Disease

INTRODUCTION Dementia is an age-related progressive impairment of memory, language, visual processing, problem solving skills, and eventually ability to function independently [1]. It was ascribed its present meaning in 19th century based up on pathology and clinical futures [2]. Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular disease, fronttemporal dementia (FTD), and dementia with Lewy bodies are the most common diseases that cause dementia both in the elderly and in younger patients, although not in those who are younger than 35 years. However, the clinical features of these diseases in younger patients can differ from those seen at a later age [3].
Microfilariae coexistent with the cytology of adenocarcinoma gall bladder: An unnoticed comorbidity

Lymphatic filariasis is endemic in 250 districts in 20 states and union territories of India. Microfilariae have been reported in body cavity fluids and cytological evaluation of various lesions including benign as well as malignant neoplasms. Here, we present a rare case of incidentally found microfilariae in a cytological smear from gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Along with supporting the cytology as an important tool in detection of asymptomatic filariasis, we wish to draw the attention toward a more dedicated approach to eliminate this disease entity and toward unnoticed comorbidities in carcinoma patients.