Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose sustained release technology

AbstractThe use of polymers in controlling the release of drugs has become important in the formulation of pharmaceuticals. Watersoluble polymers such as polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone may be used to increase the dissolution rates of poorly soluble drugs (Ford)1 and slowly soluble, biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid may be used for controlled release implants (Rak et a1.2), Hydrogels provide the basis for implantation, transdermal and oral-controlled release systems. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) are cellulose ethers which may be used as the basic for hydrophilic matrices for controlled release oral delivery.In tablet matrix systems the tablet is in the form of compressed compact containing an active ingredient, lubricant, excipient, filler or binder. The matrix may be tabletted from wet-massed granules or by direct compression.This review article examines a previously published series of work and concentrates on the following aspects of the subject; the relationship betwee.
The semantics of spatial demonstratives

Spatial demonstratives (words like this and that) are thought to primarily be used for carving up space into a peripersonal and extrapersonal domain. However, when given a noun out of context and asked to couple it with a demonstrative, speakers tend to use this for manipulable objects (small, harmless, inanimate), while non-manipulable objects (large, harmful, animate) are more likely to be coupled with that. Here, we extend these findings and map demonstrative use along a wide spectrum of semantic features. We conducted a large-scale (N = 2197) experiment eliciting demonstratives for 506 words, rated across 65+11 perceptually and cognitively relevant semantic dimensions. We replicated the findings that demonstrative choice is influenced by object manipulability. Demonstrative choice was additionally found to be related to a set of semantic factors, including valence, arousal, loudness, motion, time and more generally, the self. Importantly, demonstrative choices were highly structured across participants, as shown by a strong correlation detected in a split-sample comparison of by-word demonstrative distribution.
Improving Predictive Accuracy of Models of Learning and Retention Through Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling: An Exploration with the Predictive Performance Equation

Human learning has been characterized by three robust effects (i.e. power law of learning, power law of decay, and spacing), which have been validated across multiple domains and time intervals. To account for these different effects mathematical model of learning and retention have been developed. These models hold a great deal of potential for application a wide range of educational and training scenarios. However, many models are not validated according for their ability to make accurate predictions of human performance. The predictive demand of these models is made increasingly complex by the needs of training domain, needing both to predict both skill decay and reacquisition from little historical data. In this paper, we examine the predictive capability of the Predictive Performance Equation (PPE) implemented in a Bayesian hierarchical model. Through a comparison of two Bayesian hierarchical models we show how hierarchical model fit to a participant’s performance across a set of items compared to only a single item improves PPE’s predictive accuracy of both skill decay and reacquisition over multiple learning schedules
Catalytic activity of laccases in aqueous solutions of ionic liquids

The ionic liquids, [bmim]Br and [bmim][N(CN)2] (where [bmim] = 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium), stimulated laccase-catalysed oxidation of catechol when provided at concentrations between 10–20% and 50–60% (v/v) in water, respectively. However, activity was inhibited at higher and lower concentrations. [bmim][BF4] was inhibitory at all concentrations tested, but residual activity was still retained in [bmim][BF4] with ≤ 20% water.
Incremental Hypothesis Revision in Causal Reasoning Across Development

We explore whether children’s strategies on a causal learning task show a bias observed in adults towards “exploitative” hypothesis revision. Adults and children (ages 4–6) were presented with evidence which initially seemed to conform to a simple, salient rule (e.g. blue blocks activate a machine), but then encountered evidence that violated this rule. The true rule in the "near" condition was more complex, but could be reached through iterative revision of the salient rule, while in the "distant" condition, the true rule was comparatively simple, but incremental revision could not yield the true rule. Participants then predicted the behaviour of a set of new blocks. Adults performed better in the near condition, while in the distant condition adults did not appear to revise their initial hypothesis significantly. Unlike adults, children's overall performance in both conditions was similar, while condition differences may reflect a broader search for alternative solutions.
Die Sekretion von anorganischem Phosphor mit dem Speichel bei P‐depletierten Schafen*

Summary Saliva secretion of inorganic phosphorus in phosphorus-depleted sheep: Six castrated male sheep of 8–9 months of age were fitted with rumen fistulae and adapted to a semi-synthetic P-deficient diet of pellets and chopped straw. Average daily P intake was 0.96 g. For repletion each animal received an intraruminal sodium phosphate infusion once per day, raising the daily P supply to 4.2 g. For collection of mixed saliva, saliva collectors were introduced into the lower oesophagus. Collection periods were 1 hour after the animals had adapted to the collection procedure for 30–40 min. P depletion had no significant effect on the flow rate of total saliva but inorganic P concentrations in plasma and in saliva decreased by about 60% as compared to the repleted state. Phosphate concentrations in the particle-fee rumen fluid were lower by about 85%. The average daily P secretion with saliva was 6.25 g in the repleted and 2.4 g in the depleted state. Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Auswirkung einer diatetischen P-Depletion (P-Aufnahme 0,96 g/Tag) auf die P-Sekretion mit dem Speichel im Vergleich mit einer P-Repletion (P-Aufnahme 4,2 g/Tag) untersucht. Als Versuchstiere dienten 6 mit Pansenfisteln versehene Schafe im Alter von 8–9 Monaten. Den Tieren wurden zur Gewinnung von gemischtem Speichel vorubergehend Speichelfanger in den Endabschnitt des Oesophagus eingesetzt. Nach Abklingen des mechanischen Reizes wurde der Speichelflus uber 1 Stunde gemessen. Fur jedes Tier wurden unter beiden Versuchsbedingungen je 9 Sammelperioden angesetzt. Die P-Depletion fuhrte zur Verminderung der Konzentration von anorganischem Phosphor im Plasma und im Speichel um jeweils etwa 60%. Die Konzentration von anorganischem P in der partikelfreien Pansenflussigkeit war in der P-Depletion um etwa 85% niedriger als in der P-Repletion. Der tagliche Speichelflus blieb vom P-Status unbeeinflust. Die mittlere tagliche P-Sekretion mit dem Speichel betrug 6,25 g in der P-Repletion und 2,4 g in der P-Depletion.
Analysis of SiO Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

The chemical structure of SiO (silicon monoxide) anodes has been analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Vapor deposition was used to form SiO anodes on Cu film. XPS analysis was performed on anodes at eachof three stages: after deposition, after initial charge, and after discharge. The results of this analysis were then evaluated in terms of the anode's respective electrochemical characteristics. It has been found that some Si remains oxidized in the full charge state and that lithium silicates are formed. The lithium silicates serve as a buffer with respect to changes in anode volume.
Cause of data retention loss in a nitride-based localized trapping storage flash memory cell

Data retention loss in a localized trapping storage flash memory cell with a SONOS type structure is investigated. Both charge loss through the bottom oxide and lateral migration of trapped charges in the nitride layer are considered for the data retention loss. Charge pumping and charge separation methods are used in this study. Our results reveal that in normal operation condition the retention loss is mainly caused by charge leakage via P/E stress created oxide traps.
Combined STM/STS, TEM/EELS investigation of CNx ‐SWNTs

Nitrogen doped single‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNx ‐SWNTs) were successfully synthesized by vaporizing a C:Ni/Y target by a CO2 continuous laser under a nitrogen atmosphere. The as‐grown nanotubes were investigated by combining TEM/EELS and STM/STS techniques. According to TEM observations, the tubes are mostly single‐walled and few defects are found. Local chemical characterization was performed by EELS analysis, which proves the presence of nitrogen in both individual tubes and SWNTs bundles and indicates a nitrogen concentration around 1 at. %. STM observations of CNx ‐SWNTs have been then undertaken and atomic resolution images were obtained. First STM analyses of these nanotubes show some defects which have never been observed in pure carbon nanotubes before. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multidrug resistance protein structure of Trypanosoma evansi isolated from buffaloes in Ngawi District, Indonesia: A bioinformatics analysis

Background and Aim: Trypanosomiasis, also known as surra, is an infectious disease with a wide host spectrum. In Indonesia, this disease is caused by Trypanosoma evansi. Various trypanocidal drugs have been used to treat this pathogen and subsequent disease. Yet, the long-term trypanocidal administration generates drug-resistant T. evansi. Some have identified genetic alterations in T. evansi transporter protein-coding genes that may be responsible for drug resistance. The Multidrug Resistance Protein E (MRPE) gene is a likely candidate gene responsible for the individual resistance. To date, no research has focused on T. evansi MRPE (TevMRPE) in this context. Hence, this research aimed at analyzing and characterizing the TevMRPE gene and protein using a bioinformatics approach. Materials and Methods: T. evansi was isolated from buffalo suffering from surra in Ngawi Regency, Indonesia. Isolated T. evansi was inoculated and cultured in male mice. The T. evansi genome was isolated from mouse blood with a parasitemia degree as high as 105. A polymerase chain reaction procedure was conducted to amplify the putative MRPE coding gene. The amplicon was sequenced and analyzed using MEGA X, BLAST, and I-tasser softwares. Results: The putative TevMRPE coding gene showed sequence similarity as high as 99.79% against the MRPE gene from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. The protein profile and characteristics depicted that the putative TevMRPE protein was related to a family of Adenosine Triphosphate-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter proteins. This family of transporter proteins plays a crucial role in the resistance toward several medicines. Conclusion: The obtained gene sequence in this research was identified as the TevMRPE. This gene is homologous to the T. brucei gambiense MRPE gene and possesses ligand active sites for Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate. In addition, MRPE contains enzyme active sites similar to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. These data suggest that ABC transport proteins, like MRPE, may be necessary to confer trypanocidal drug resistance in T. evansi.
Fast semi-automatic segmentation based on reduced basis

This note adresses the following segmentation problem in medical imaging: minimize expert intervention for semi-automatic segmentation process. Using a reduced basis, we have an a priori knowledge of the objet we want to identify on the images, like a muscle on a CT-Scan. We just have to identify the coefficients associated to the object of interest in the reduced basis, by solving a linear system taking as input the coordinates of some selected points in the image. An example implemented in 2D is shown. This method is independent of the grayscale of the image, and can therefore be applied to all objects and images. Résumé. Nous présentons ici une méthode de segmentation d’imagerie médicale semi-automatique minimisant l’intervention d’un expert. A l’aide d’une base réduite, nous connaissons a priori la forme de l’objet à identifier sur les images, comme un muscle sur un scanner. Il suffit d’identifier les coefficients associés à l’objet d’intérêt dans la base réduite, via la résolution d’un système linéaire prenant en entrée les coordonnées de quelques points sélectionnés sur l’image. Un exemple implémenté en 2D est proposé. Cette méthode est indépendante des niveaux de gris de l’image, et peut donc être appliquée sur tous objets et toutes imageries. Manuscript received 11th October 2019, revised 26th May 2020, accepted 24th June 2020. ∗Corresponding author. ISSN (electronic) : 1778-3569 https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/mathematique/ 982 Damiano Lombardi, Yvon Maday and Lydie Uro
Evaluation of Serum Level of Salusin Beta in Psoriatic Patients

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory disease of the skin. It is a multifactorial malady with hereditary foundation activated by enviromental factors and immunological middle people. Numerous Epidemiologic examinations proposed that patients with psoriasis are at expanded danger of cardiovascular disease.To assess serum salusin beta level in psoriatic patients. In this relative case-control study, 50 psoriatic patients (case gathering) and 30 age-and sexual orientation coordinated solid people filling in as a benchmark group, were chosen from the outpatients' facilities of the Dermatology, Venereology, and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, during the period from October, 2018 to May, 2019. This investigation found that the serum salusin-β levels were signifcantly higher in psoriasis patients contrasted with control group.This study found that the serum salusin-β levels were signifcantly higher in psoriasis patients contrasted with control gathering.
Role of 2d Speckled Tracking Echocardiography in Assessment of in Hospital and One Year Outcome of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Versus Chronic Coronary Artery Disease

Two‐dimensional speckle strain (2D STE) echocardiography can aid in the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and chronic coronary artery disease (CAD). the aim of the present study was to determine the possibility of using of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography to predict cardiac events comparing of patients with acute myocardial infarction versus chronic coronary artery disease. this was a prospective study includes two hundred patients (20-70 years old) in two groups were selected from national heart institute and El Sahel hospitals first group one hundred of patients with a diagnosis of first attack of acute myocardial infarction (STEMI or NSTEMI) and the other group one hundred of patients with known chronic CAD who presented for clinical checkup at the outpatient department . The duration of the study ranged from 6-12 months. as regard strain parameters in patients with first acute MI; there was high significant difference between cases with cardiac event and those without as regard GLS epi %, GLS total wall, % and GCS endo,%, also there was significant difference between cases with cardiac event and those without as regard GLS endo, (%),GCS epi,% and GCS total wall,%. , and there was highly statistical difference between chronic coronary heart diseases cases with cardiac event and those without as regard conventional echocardiography and strain parameters. Global strain parameters by 2D STE may be useful for the prediction of cardiac events in patients with CAD but add no supplemental information to baseline characteristic and ejection fraction in patients with AMI.
Infrared Absorption in Small Ionic Crystals

The infrared transmission of 0.1 μm crystals of MgO has been measured in the region of fundamental lattice absorption. In particular, the effects of anharmonicity and particle density on the transmission have been observed. These effects have also been calculated using a continuum model applicable to spheres very much smaller than the wavelength of light. In agreement with these calculations, the frequency of the fundamental infrared absorption of small particles was found to decrease with increasing particle density. In addition, it was observed that the frequency dependent damping function of massive MgO must be increased by a factor of about eight in small crystals in order to fit the experimental data. Schichten von etwa 0,1 μm grosen MgO-Kristallen wurden im Bereich der fundamentalen Gitterschwingungsabsorption im Infraroten gemessen, wobei besondere Effekte der Anharmonizitat und drastische Einflusse der Teilchendichte gefunden werclen. Urn die Infrarot-Durchlassigkeit zu verstehen, mus angenommen werden, das die Dampfungsfunktion kleiner MgO-Kristalle etwa achtmal groser ist, als die von massivem MgO. Auserdem verschiebt sich die fundamentale Absorptionsbande nach niederen Frequenzen mit ansteigender Teilchendichte. Eine Kontinuumstheorie des elektrodynamischen Verhaltens der Kristalle, die als kugelformig und klein gegen die Wellenlange der Strahlung angenommen werden, last dieses Verhalten verstehen.
Highly selective colorimetric and fluorescent sensors for the fluoride anion based on imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline metal-complexes

A new imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline ligand and its Pt(II), Ru(II) and Re(I) derivatives have been synthesized. It is shown that these metal complexes can be utilised as colorimetric and fluorescence chemosensors for anions. The interaction of these complexes with different anions has been characterised by UV/Vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and titration studies. The results indicated that two of the three complexes showed selective recognition for F−, of which [Re(CO)3ClL1] showed an immediate change from yellow to pink when the fluoride anion was added in DMSO. The phenomenon could be observed with the naked eye. On the other hand, the emission intensities of [Ru(bpy)2L1](PF6)2 and [PtCl2L1] in DMSO were strongly enhanced upon the addition of F−.
Correction

ECONOMIC SCIENCES Correction for “Greater Internet use is not associated with faster growth in political polarization among US demographic groups,” by Levi Boxell, Matthew Gentzkow, and Jesse M. Shapiro, which was first published September 19, 2017; 10.1073/pnas.1706588114 (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114:10612–10617). The authors wish to note the following: “For the pre-2016 data, we incorrectly coded all females as males and all males as females. The 2016 data was correctly coded. This error affected Tables S2 and S5 in the SI Appendix, Figs. S2, S4, and S12 in the SI Appendix, and Fig. 4 in the main text. No statements made in the published article need to be corrected as a result of these changes. The replication code and SI have been updated to reflect these changes. ” The corrected figure and its legend appear below. The SI Appendix file and the Dataset S1 file have been corrected online.
Occurrence and fate of ten sulfonamide antibiotics in typical wastewater treatment plants in the City of Jinan of Northeastern China

This study investigated the concentration levels and removal efficiencies of sulfonamide antibiotics in the effluents of different sections of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and explored the removal of sulfonamide antibiotics from the effluent of each section by modified activated carbon. The results showed that the wastewater treatment process has a certain removal effect on the nine sulfonamide antibiotics except on the negative removal of trimethoprim, which had a removal rate of less than 60%. The effect of WWTP pH was found to be obvious, demonstrating a negative correlation with the occurrence of antibiotics. The occurrence of sulfadimethoxine and sulfachloropyridazine was found to be mainly affected by total nitrogen, NH3–N and NO3–N. After equilibrium adsorption by MAC-1 (activated carbon modified by FeCl3) and MAC-2 (activated carbon modified by hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) for 24 h, the removal efficiencies of sulfonamide antibiotics in the effluent of each section ranged from 87.37% to 100%. Our results suggest that the removal rates of ten sulfonamide antibiotics in WWTPs are not clear.
The information structural e↵ects of German P- and D-pro- nouns in discourse

The so-called Demonstrative Pronoun I (der, die, das) which exists additionally to the cross-linguistically more typical type of Demonstrative Pronoun II (dieser, diese, dieses) in German is one of its “exotic” linguistic features. There are, probably, only a handful of languages exhibiting this kind of an intermediate pronoun type functionally located between personal and demonstrative pronouns. The term Demonstrative Pronoun I has been replaced in the theoretical literature by the term D-pronoun (D-PRO henceforth). It refers to the deictic component of the pronoun which gives rise to the use of D-PRO for assigning a contrast (1) and the selection of a single exemplar out of a group of exemplars of the same type (2).
The role of geochemistry in organic carbon stabilization in tropical rainforest soils

Stabilization of organic carbon in soils (SOC) depends on several soil properties, including the soil weathering 10 stage and the mineralogy of parent material. As such, tropical SOC stabilization mechanisms likely differ from those in temperate soils due to contrasting soil development. To better understand these mechanisms, we investigated SOC dynamics at three soil depths under pristine tropical african mountain forest along a geochemical gradient from mafic to felsic and a topographic gradient covering plateau, slope and valley positions. To do so we conducted a series of soil C fractionation experiments in combination with an analysis of the geochemical 15 composition of soil and a sequential extraction of pedogenic oxides. Relationships between our target and predicting variables were investigated using a combination of regression analyses and dimension reduction. Here, we show that reactive secondary mineral phases drive SOC properties and stabilization mechanisms together with, and sometimes more strongly than, other mechanisms such as aggregation or C stabilization by clay content. Key mineral stabilization mechanisms for SOC were strongly related to soil geochemistry, differing across the study 20 regions. These findings were independent of topography in the absence of detectable erosion processes. Instead, fluvial dynamics and changed hydrological conditions had a secondary control on SOC dynamics in valley positions, leading to higher SOC stocks there than at the non-valley positions. We also detected fossil organic carbon (FOC) at several sites, constituting up to 52.0 ± 13.2 % of total SOC stock in the C depleted subsoil. Interestingly, total SOC stocks for these soils did not exceed those of sites without FOC. Additionally, FOC 25 decreased strongly towards more shallow soil depths, indicating decomposability of FOC by microbial communities under more fertile conditions. Regression analysis showed that variables affiliated with soil weathering, parent material geochemistry and soil fertility, together with soil depth, explained up to 75 % of the variability of SOC stocks and Δ14C. Furthermore the same variables explain 44 % of the variability in the relative abundance of C associated with microaggregates versus free silt and clay associated C fractions. However, 30 geochemical variables gained or retained importance for explaining SOC target variables when controlling for soil depth. We conclude that despite long-lasting weathering, geochemical properties of soil parent material leave a footprint in tropical soils that affects SOC stocks and mineral related C stabilization mechanisms. While identified stabilization mechanisms and controls are similar to less weathered soils in other climate zones, their relative importance is markedly different in the investigated tropical soils. 35 https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2020-92 Preprint. Discussion started: 5 January 2021 c © Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License.