Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Version Why does emissions trading under the EU Emissions Trading System ( ETS ) not affect firms ’ competitiveness ? Empirical findings from the literature Climate Policy

Environmental policies may have important consequences for firms’ competitiveness or profitability. For the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) the empirical literature documents that significant emissions reductions have resulted from it. Surprisingly, however, the literature shows that there have been hardly any concurrent negative effects on firms’ competitiveness during the first two phases of the scheme (2005–2012). We show that the main explanations for the absence of negative impacts on competitiveness are a large over-allocation of emissions allowances leading to a price drop and the ability of firms to pass costs onto consumers in some sectors. Cost pass-through combined with free allocation, in turn, partly generated windfall profits. In addition, the relatively low importance of energy costs indicated by their average share in the budgets of most manufacturing industries may have limited the impact of the EU ETS. Finally, small but significant stimulating effects on innovation have been found so far. Several factors suggest that over-allocation is likely to remain substantial in the upcoming periods of the scheme. Therefore, we expect to see no negative competitiveness effects from the EU ETS in Phases III and IV (2013–2030).
Introduction of Visual Amharic to Educate Deaf Students in Ethiopia - A Pilot Study

Objective: To describe the reception of Visual Amharic in 3 schools for the Deaf in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Design: Cued Speech enhances lip-reading by providing real-time visual representations of the phonemes of spoken English. This system was adapted to Amharic, the national language of Ethiopia, and taught in 3 weeklong workshops there. Results: Three weeklong workshops were provided with 6 months’ intervals between. The first workshop had 39 attendees, the second had 57, and the third had 69 attendees. The first workshop’s 39 attendees were24 Deaf students, 8 faculty, and 7 parents. The second workshop’s 57 attendees were 12 Deaf students (2 new/10 returning), 44 faculty (37 new/7 returning), and 1 returning parent. The third workshop’s attendees were 38 Deaf students and 31 teachers from 6 schools. Between the first and the second workshops 26 attendees (17 students, 7 faculty and 1 parent) reported on their use of Visual Amharic in a survey: All but 1 had used Visual Amharic since the workshop. Six students and 6 teachers had taught it to others. Conclusion: Cued Speech was adapted to Visual Amharic. Attendees were able to grasp its structure and begin it use after a weeklong introduction.
Learning about aposematic prey

The question, "Why should prey advertise their presence to predators using warning coloration? " has been asked for over 150 years. It is now widely acknowledged that defended prey use conspicuous or distinctive colors to advertise their toxicity to would-be predators: a defensive strategy known as aposematism. One of the main approaches to understanding the ecology and evolution of aposematism and mimicry (where species share the same color pattern) has been to study how naive predators learn to associate prey’s visual signals with the noxious effects of their toxins. However, learning to associate a warning signal with a defense is only one aspect of what predators need to do to enable them to make adaptive foraging decisions when faced with aposematic prey and their mimics. The aim of our review is to promote the view that predators do not simply learn to avoid aposematic prey, but rather make adaptive decisions about both when to gather information about defended prey and when to include them in their diets. In doing so, we reveal what surprisingly little we know about what predators learn about aposematic prey and how they use that information when foraging. We highlight how a better understanding of predator cognition could advance theoretical and empirical work in the field.
Self-Esteem and Symptoms of Eating-Disordered Behavior Among Female Adolescents

Background Compared to males, female adolescents show greater concerns about their appearance, concerns related to their self-esteem. We explored the associations between self-esteem, body image and BMI as proxies for appearance, and eating-disordered behavior among adolescent females. Methods A total of 263 females (mean age:15.78 years) took part in this study. They completed questionnaires covering anthropometric characteristics, self-esteem, eating-disordered behavior, subjective physical activity levels, and body image. Results Higher scores for self-esteem were associated with higher scores for eating-disordered behavior, indices of physical activity, and slimmer body image. Body image was not associated with eating-disordered behavior. Multiple regression analyses showed that self-esteem, but not physical activity, or body image predicted eating-disordered behavior. Conclusions Among a non-clinical sample of female adolescents, self-esteem and eating-disordered behavior were positively associated. Body image was associated in a complex and contradictory fashion. It is possible that cognitive-emotional mastering of the vital impulse to eat may enhance self-esteem.
The Importance of the African Immigrant Experience for Health Promotion : An Integrative Literature Review

As the minority population in the U.S. increases, the number of African immigrants also continues to rise (McCabe, 2011). A single race category fails to capture distinct experiences across the black population. With such a growing population, the African immigrant population continues to be understudied ((Reed et al., 2012). A literature review including studies of African immigrant populations in the U.S., Europe, and Australia was conducted. Findings indicate that dietary acculturation, language barriers, and several other factors warrant further consideration when serving the needs of African immigrants. Furthermore, there is a need to provide additional support services for recent immigrants, refugees, and undocumented immigrants of African origin. Cultural competence training must incorporate the African immigrant experience. The difficulty of acculturation must also be recognized and efforts to aid this process promotes positive health outcomes among this population. As we progress to engage African immigrants in research, there are obstacles and challenges to consider and strive to overcome.
Nuclear Egress of Herpesviruses.

During viral replication, herpesviruses utilize a unique strategy, termed nuclear egress, to translocate capsids from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. This initial budding step transfers a newly formed capsid from within the nucleus, too large to fit through nuclear pores, through the inner nuclear membrane to the perinuclear space. The perinuclear enveloped virion must then fuse with the outer nuclear membrane to be released into the cytoplasm for further maturation, undergoing budding once again at the trans-Golgi network or early endosomes, and ultimately exit the cell non-lytically to spread infection. This first budding process is mediated by two conserved viral proteins, UL31 and UL34, that form a heterodimer called the nuclear egress complex (NEC). This review focuses on what we know about how the NEC mediates capsid transport to the perinuclear space, including steps prior to and after this budding event. Additionally, we discuss the involvement of other viral proteins in this process and how NEC-mediated budding may be regulated during infection.
Effect of a rehabilitation program using virtual reality for balance and functionality of chronic stroke patients

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a rehabilitation program using virtual reality (VR) in addition to conventional therapy for improvement of balance (BERG scale) and functional independence (FIM scale) in chronic stroke patients. Ten individuals, mean age of 51.4 (± 6.7 years), participated of eight 60-minute sessions comprising kinesiotherapy (15min), Nintendo Wii (30min) and Learning transfer (15min) exercises. After training, nonparametric statistical analysis showed significant improvement in total FIM (p= .01) and BERG scores (p= .00), and in some of their subitems: FIM - dressing lower body (p= .01), transfer to bathtub/shower (p= .02) and locomotion: stairs (p= .03); BERG - reaching forward with outstretched arm (p= .01), retrieving object from the floor (p= .04), turning 360o (p= .01), placing alternate foot on step (p≤ .01), standing with one foot in front (p= .01), and one leg stand (p= .03). These findings suggest a positive influence of virtual reality exercises adjunct to conventional therapy on rehabilitation of balance and functionality post stroke, and indicate the feasibility of the proposed VR-based rehabilitation program.
Recent Advances in Bio-Sensing Methods for the Detection of Tumor Exosomes

Abstract Exosomes, small vesicles with the diameters of 40–160 nm, play an important role in intercellular transport and communication. Exosomes are rich in many kinds of biomolecules, and differential expression of exosomal contents directly reflects the state of the original cells. Therefore, the tumor exosomes are appearing as promising biomarkers in liquid biopsy, and highly sensitive and specific detection of tumor exosomes may provide the information for the early diagnosis, real-time monitoring and treatment of the tumors. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the detection of tumor exosomes, mainly focusing on the use of different analytical techniques, such as optical and electrochemical methods as well as that combination with newly-emerging microfluidic techniques, thereby providing valuable information for the application in the clinical diagnosis and management of the tumors.
Ontogenetic shifts in perceptions of safety along structural complexity gradients in a territorial damselfish

Abstract Age and body size can influence predation risk and hence habitat use. Many species undergo ontogenetic shifts in habitat use as individuals grow larger and have different age-specific predation pressures. On coral reefs, a number of fish species are more tolerant of threats in structurally complex habitats that contain more refuges than in less structurally complex habitats. However, we do not know how risk perception varies with age, and whether age interacts with habitat complexity. Adults and juveniles, because of their size, may face different risks in structurally simple versus complex habitats. We used flight initiation distance as a metric to analyze perceptions of risk in a species of damselfish Stegastes nigricans. All else being equal, fish fleeing at greater distances are inferred to perceive higher risk. We targeted juvenile and adult damselfish to assess whether there are ontogenetic shifts in perceptions of safety in relation to structural complexity, inferred based on percent coral cover and rugosity. We found that adult damselfish tolerated closer approach in more complex habitats as measured by percent coral cover, but not rugosity, whereas juvenile fish always allowed closer approach than adult fish regardless of complexity. This ontogenetic shift in habitat use may result from juvenile fish taking bigger risks to maximize growth, whereas older animals, who are closer to their maximum body size, can afford to take fewer risks and protect their assets.
Validation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of bangla nine-item Internet Disorder Scale–Short Form

Abstract Online activities such as online gaming and social media use have become very popular and for most individuals, engagement in such activities is highly enjoyable. However, for a small minority of individuals, such behaviors can lead to problematic internet use. There are many screening instruments that assess problematic internet use including the nine-item Internet Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IDS9-SF). The present study translated the IDS9-SF into Bangla and investigated its psychometric properties. The sample comprised 534 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years (61.0% male; mean age 15.7 years (SD = 1.5) from selected schools (secondary and higher secondary) in Dhaka City. The study included confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, and item-total correlation. Results demonstrated that the Bangla IDS9-SF had very good internal validity (Cronbach’s alpha = .82), and that IDS score was positively and significantly correlated with scores on depression and anxiety scales. A confirmatory factor analysis showed the model had an excellent fit to the data. Therefore, the Bangla IDS9-SF appears to be a valid and reliable instrument that may be employed in further research on problematic internet use in Bangladesh.
Factor Analyses of a Hyperiid Amphipod Assemblage from the North Pacific Central Gyre

Abundances of the 20 most common species of hyperiid amphipods in the North Pacific central gyre (28 ON, 155 W) were studied with factor analysis. Seventy-nine samples were collected with opening/closing nets during a 10-d period: each net tow was about 1000 m long. Depth intervals were 0-25, 25-50, 50-75, 75-100, 100-350 and 350-600 m. 'R-mode' analyses grouped species with similar patterns of numerical variation across samples. 'Q-mode' analysis grouped samples with similar patterns of variation in species abundances. Orthogonal and oblique factor analyses delineated identical groups of species. Abundances of species within a group vary in parallel ways across samples: abundances within a group are believed correlated with a single underlying factor. Among the 20 species there were about 5 major patterns of variation, each presun~ably corresponding to an important environmental factor or process. Nineteen species each had a high correlation wlth one of these factors; the remaining species was consistently highly correlated with more than one factor. The factors are hypothetical constructs derived from the data base, but have yet to be identified with real-world variables. The groups of species were not dominated by patterns of species vertical distributions, diurnal vertical migrations, or relative abundances. The groups of samples were dominated by time of day and depth. The results of factor analyses were compared to an earlier recurrent group analysis of the same data: recurrent group analysis uses only presence/absence. The comparison showed that abundance and presencelabsence of species are separable, but not independent, aspects of hyperiid distributional pattern.
Motives of tourists attending small-scale events: the case of three local festivals and events in Istanbul, Turkey.

Festivals and special events are considered important motivators for tourism. Thus, event tourism has become one of the fastest growing types of tourism. In a competitive festival and event tourism market understanding visitor motivation is extremely important for tourism promotion and planning. Therefore, designing better products and services to meet the participants’ demands and motivations is vital to maintain high satisfaction levels and to determine return visits and this can be achieved only through a clear understanding of the motives to attend these events. While there is a solid literature on event tourism motivation, this is mainly based on studies of large-scale events and festivals from Western, developed countries. The present study investigated whether the existing motivation scale could be reliably used in a different cultural and economic setting and for small-scale events. Consequently, it focused on three small-scale festivals and events organized in Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey with over 13 million inhabitants. The study found that, while there may be differences in the motivations (and the strength of the motivations) for attending different types of events, the event motivation scale, as designed by previous studies could be considered universally valid.
The Probable Mechanism for Silicon Capture by Diatom Algae: Assimilation of Polycarbonic Acids with Diatoms—Is Endocytosis a Key Stage in Building of Siliceous Frustules?

Many organisms including unicellular (diatoms, radiolaria, and chrysophytes), higher plants (rice and horsetail) and animals (sponges) use silica as a main part of skeletons. The bioavailable form of silicon is silicic acid and the mechanism of silicic acid penetration into living cells is still an enigma. Macropinocytosis was assumed as a key stage of the silicon capture by diatoms but assimilation of monomeric silicic acid by this way requires enormous amounts of water to be passed through the cell. We hypothesized that silicon can be captured by diatoms via endocytosis in the form of partially condensed silicic acid (oligosilicates) whose formation on the diatom surface was supposed. Oligosilicates are negatively charged nanoparticles and similar to coils of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). We have synthesized fluorescent tagged PAA as well as several neutral and positively charged polymers. Cultivation of the diatom Ulnaria ferefusiformis in the presence of these polymers showed that only PAA is able to penetrate into siliceous frustules. The presence of PAA in the frustules was confirmed with chromatography and PAA causes various aberrations of the valve morphology. Growth of U. ferefusiformis and two other diatoms in the presence of tri‐ and tetracarbonic fluorescent tagged acids points to the ability of diatoms to recognize substances that bear four acidic groups and to include them into siliceous frustules. Thus, partial condensation of silicic acid is a plausible first stage of silicon assimilation.
The potential of some plant hyperaccumulators for phytoremediation of contaminated soils Possibilités d ' utilisation des plantes hyperaccumulatrices pour la restauration des sols contaminés

Introduction The concept of phytoremediation was first proposed by Chaney (1983) and involves the use of plant hyperaccumulators of heavy metals to remove pollutants from soils or waters. It is an essentially "green" method that can be advantageous in providing an inexpensive technique for soil remediation that does not damage the environment. The term "hyperaccumulator" was first introduced by Brooks et al. (1977) and originally referred to plants that acquired an inordinately high concentration of nickel (1000 ìg/g [ppm] on a dry weight basis). The concept was later extended to other elements such as cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, selenium and zinc. For the latter element, the hyperaccumulation threshold was set at 10,000 ìg/g (1%) by Reeves and Brooks (1983). For cadmium the corresponding level was 100 ìg/g (Baker et al., 1994). Table 1 shows a list of hyperaccumulators of various elements. The total for nickel is much higher than the rest but this is more a reflection of the effort that has been expended for this one element.
Social Project Culture: A New Project Management Culture to Promote the Sustainable Development of Organizations

With economic development and globalization, more organizations have been cooperating with foreign enterprises, which brings not only opportunities but also management difficulties and competitions with organizations. Organizations must improve their management and adapt to changing market conditions and the requirements and needs of its customers to maintain and strengthen its position in the market. Management by Project (MBP) uses technical methods of modern project management (PM) to manage various tasks and activities that are considered as projects. It is an effective way to solve management problems and improve management levels and enterprise competitiveness. However, few small and medium-sized enterprises apply MBP in their operation and management processes. Therefore, this paper presents a new idea to promote the application of MBP and the formation of a PM culture within society. In this paper, we searched a major database using the systematic literature review method and analyzed the articles directly or indirectly linked to our paper to obtain literature supporting the views of this article. First, this paper presents a new kind of management culture from the social aspect, termed as Social Project Culture (SPC), which can promote sustainable development and improve the management level and efficiency of organizations by promoting MBP application across society. Second, by analyzing the SPC definition, its three functions, i.e., project management behavior, management and risk control capacity, and international competitiveness, are provided. Then, to help organizations apply this method, an evolutionary path is proposed, including the creation stage, formative stage, mature stage, and heritage stage. Finally, to ensure the continued optimization of SPC, four safeguard measures in terms of theory, institution, behavior, and ideology are proposed.
Efficient estimation in expectile regression using envelope models

As a generalization of the classical linear regression, expectile regression (ER) explores the relationship between the conditional expectile of a response variable and a set of predictor variables. ER with respect to different expectile levels can provide a comprehensive picture of the conditional distribution of the response variable given the predictors. We adopt an efficient estimation method called the envelope model ([8]) in ER, and construct a novel envelope expectile regression (EER) model. Estimation of the EER parameters can be performed using the generalized method of moments (GMM). We establish the consistency and derive the asymptotic distribution of the EER estimators. In addition, we show that the EER estimators are asymptotically more efficient than the ER estimators. Numerical experiments and real data examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency gains attained by EER compared to ER, and the efficiency gains can further lead to improvements in prediction.
Age-Related Differences in the Time Course of Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Parameters in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Coagulopathy and older age are common and well-recognized risk factors for poorer outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients; however, the relationships between coagulopathy and age remain unclear. We hypothesized that coagulation/fibrinolytic abnormalities are more pronounced in older patients and may be a factor in poorer outcomes. We retrospectively evaluated severe TBI cases in which fibrinogen and D-dimer were measured on arrival and 3–6 h after injury. Propensity score-matched analyses were performed to adjust baseline characteristics between older patients (the “elderly group,” aged ≥75 y) and younger patients (the “non-elderly group,” aged 16–74 y). A total of 1294 cases (elderly group: 395, non-elderly group: 899) were assessed, and propensity score matching created a matched cohort of 324 pairs. Fibrinogen on admission, the degree of reduction in fibrinogen between admission and 3–6 h post-injury, and D-dimer levels between admission and 3–6 h post-injury were significantly more abnormal in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for poor prognosis included low fibrinogen and high D-dimer levels on admission. Posttraumatic coagulation and fibrinolytic abnormalities are more severe in older patients, and fibrinogen and D-dimer abnormalities are negative predictive factors.