Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sulfide-silicate textures in magmatic NiCu-PGE sulfide ore

14 A large proportion of ores in magmatic sulfide deposits consist of mixtures of cumulus 15 silicate minerals, sulfide liquid and silicate melt, with characteristic textural relationships that 16 provide essential clues to their origin. Within silicate-sulfide cumulates, there is a range of 17 sulfide abundance in magmatic-textured silicate-sulfide ores between ores with up to about 18 five modal percent sulfides, called “disseminated ores”, and “net-textured” (or “matrix”) ores 19 containing about 30 to 70 modal percent sulfide forming continuous networks enclosing 20 cumulus silicates. Disseminated ores in cumulates have a variety of textural types relating to 21 the presence or absence of trapped interstitial silicate melt and (rarely) vapour bubbles. 22 Spherical or oblate spherical globules with smooth menisci, as in the Black Swan 23 disseminated ores, are associated with silicate-filled cavities interpreted as amygdales or 24 segregation vesicles. More irregular globules lacking internal differentiation and having 25 partially facetted margins are interpreted as entrainment of previously segregated, partially 26 solidified sulfide. There is a textural continuum between various types of disseminated and 27 net-textured ores, intermediate types commonly taking the form of “patchy net-textured ores” 28 containing sulfide-rich and sulfide-poor domains at cm to dm scale. These textures are 29 ascribed primarily to the process of sulfide percolation, itself triggered by the process of 30 competitive wetting whereby the silicate melt preferentially wets silicate crystal surfaces. The 31 process is self-reinforcing as sulfide migration causes sulfide networks to grow by 32 coalescence, with a larger rise height and hence a greater gravitational driving force for 33 percolation and silicate melt displacement. Many of the textural variants catalogued here, 34 including poikilitic or leopard-textured ores, can be explained in these terms. Additional 35 complexity is added by factors such as the presence of oikocrysts and segregation of sulfide 36 liquid during strain-rate dependent thixotropic behaviour of partially consolidated cumulates. 37 Integrated textural and geochemical studies are critical to full understanding of ore-forming 38 systems. 39
Analyzing Black Cloud Dynamics over Cairo, Nile Delta Region and Alexandria using Aerosols and Water Vapor Data

Hesham M. El-Askary1,2,3, Anup K. Prasad1,2, George Kallos4, Mohamed El-Raey5 and Menas Kafatos1,2 1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Schmid College of Science, Chapman University, Orange, 2Center of Excellence in Earth Observing, Chapman University, Orange, 3Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Moharem Bek, Alexandria, 4Atmospheric Modeling and Weather Forecasting Group, School of Physics, University of Athens, Athens, 5Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 1,2USA 3,5Egypt 4Greece
Development of Stable Ballbot with Omnidirectional Mobility

The ball-shaped mobile robot, so called ballbot has single point contact on ground and low energy consumption in motion because of the reduced friction. In this paper, a new ballbot is presented, which has omnidirectional mobile platform inside of it as a driving system. Thus the ballbat has omnidirectional mobility without nonholonomic constraints. Kinematics and inverse kinematics of the ballbat is derived also in this paper.
Energy Efficiency and QoS Enhancement for Wireless Sensor Networks with Applications to Long-Narrow Structures

There is a class of special environments, such as roads, mines tunnels, rivers, bridges, and pipelines, whose geographical shapes are long-narrow for several hundred meters. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be applied to monitor these environments. Long-narrow structure makes the WSN face plenty of challenges, such as unbalanced energy consumption and data aggregation. This paper proposes a nonuniform symmetric cluster model (NUSCM) using reasonable coverage routing controlling. The NUSCM consists of two base stations, sensor node clusters (SNCs) and transmission node clusters (TNCs), which can make the sensor networks be scalable to cover various long-narrow structures. Hierarchical nodes spacing and routing strategy of NUSCM are addressed. Furthermore, we simulate the proposed NUSCM, in comparison with the nonuniform deployment with two base stations (NUD-TBS) and uniform deployment with two base stations (UD-TBS). Research results indicate that the NUSCM and NUD-TBS have the same energy efficiency, which are better than that of UD-TBS. Moreover, NUSCM is superior to the UD-TBS and NUD-TBS in the link communication load and network survivability.
3D Synthetic Aperture PIV of a Swimming Fish

The efficiency and maneuverability of fish swimming has yet to be rivaled by manmade vehicles. Fish owe much of this locomotive success to highly three-dimensional body kinematics and wake interactions. Study of these behaviors is inherently simplified by planar measurement techniques including conventional 2D PIV. Thus, volumetric velocimetry systems are required to provide further insight into swimming hydrodynamics. In this study, Synthetic Aperture PIV (SAPIV), a new three-dimensional PIV method based on light field imaging, is applied to study swimming in 3D with minimal constraints on animal behavior. Results successfully depict all three components of the velocity field and vortex ring structures surrounding a freely swimming Giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus) during steady forward swimming and turning maneuvers.
Nutritional values of minor carps

The nutrient profile of five carps, viz. Labeo bata, Labeo calbasu, Labeo fimbriatus, Cirrhinus reba and Puntius javanicus were studied. The samples were collected from different geographical locations of West Bengal, Odisha and Karnataka states of India. The data on proximate composition reveal that the moisture and fat content differed significantly (P<0.01) among the carp species. The fat content is significantly (P<0.01) higher in P. javanicus, L. bata and L. calbasu compared to L. fimbriatus. However, the protein and ash content did not differ significantly among the carp species. The potassium and copper contents differed significantly (P<0.01) among the fish species. Both potassium and copper contents were significantly higher in L. bata. The calcium content was maximum in L. fimbriatus. The saturated fatty acid (SFA), mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) differed significantly (P<0.01) among all the carp species. The palmitic acid was significantly higher in L. fimbriatus, which is the predominant SFA. Among MUFA, the oleic acid was significantly higher in P. javanicus. The total MUFA was significantly (P<0.05) higher in C. reba. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and total PUFA is significantly higher in L. bata. Among the essential amino acids, methionine was maximum in L. fimbriatus, P. javanicus and L. bata whereas in case of nonessential amino acids, the glutamic acid and aspartic acid were high in C. reba and L. calbasu. The gross energy content of the fish was higher in L. fimbriatus followed by C. reba and L. bata. The nutrient profile of these fish species reveal that they were rich in essential nutrients required for human healthSAARC J. Agri. , 16(1): 215-231 (2018)
Landscape Context and Local-scale Environment Influence Regeneration of Pioneer Tree Species in Treefall Gaps1

ABSTRACT Composition of pioneer tree species was recorded for 23 to 76 treefalls in the forests of La Selva (LS), Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Cocha Cashu Research Station (CC), and KM41 to evaluate the hypothesis that distance to secondary forests influences the composition of pioneer tree species at scales of thousands of hectares and to assess the relative importance of distance to seed sources compared to two microenvironmental factors: soil and gap size. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to assess the relative importance of the landscape and environmental factors in controlling the presence in gaps of Cecropia species that are typical of secondary forests regenerating after large-scale disturbances. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used as an ordination technique based on pioneer species composition of each gap. The PCA ordination axes were regressed against soil type, gap size, forest type, and distance values of each site to explore the relationship between composition and control factors. At the four sites, the variable best correlated to the discriminant function of gaps with and without Cecropia was the distance to secondary forests, although such discriminant function was statistically significant at only one site. In three of the four sites (with the exception of BCI, where there are no typical young secondary forests), distance to secondary forests was correlated with at least one axis of the PCA (P < 0.06). Other significant correlations included soil variables (CC and KM41), gap size (KM41), and forest type (secondary vs. primary; BCI). Overall, the results provide some support for the hypothesis that at the spatial scale of this study, distance to young secondary forests (both natural and anthropogenic) influences treefall gap composition at a level comparable to endogenous and exogenous microenvironmental factors.
Computer-Mediated communication and the role of adolescence in language development

This study explores the relationship between human language and changes in language use during adolescence. After reviewing current theories for the origin and evolution of language, the article tests the hypothesis that sexual selection played a vital role in the development of language by examining sexual dimorphism in language in a sample of adolescents of known age and sex. The analyses relied on computer-mediated communication and data from online journals, which provide an insight into changes in language use as a function of age and individual development in male and female adolescents. The study detected a significant amount of sexual dimorphism in written language in adolescence, although no significant change as a function of increasing age was observed; in other words, a significant fraction of sexual dimorphism in language was already present before the onset of adolescence. Our results did not support the hypothesis recently proposed by Bogin and Locke that the evolution of an extended human adolescence resulted from its possible crucial role in the development of sexual dimorphism in language. The results also indicate that computer-mediated communication is a useful tool in aiding our understanding of language evolution. Copyright Internet Scientific Publications, LLC. , 1996 to 2009.
Antibiotic resistance patterns of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Nigerian grown salad vegetables

The reports on some foodborne lactic acid bacteria (LAB) possessing antibiotic resistance (AR) genes on mobile genetic elements are on the increase. In Nigeria, such information is rare. This study was therefore designed to determine the presence and locations of AR genes in LAB isolated from locally grown salad vegetables. The LAB used in this study were previously isolated from Nigerian grown cabbage, carrot, cucumber and lettuce and identified by partial sequencing of their 16S rRNA gene. The AR and integrons (intl1, 2, 3) genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction after phenotypic agar disc diffusion assay of 20 antibiotics. Extraction and curing of plasmids were performed using standard methods. Univariate analysis was performed to determine resistance to ≥ 2 antibiotics, while multinomial logistic regression was conducted to determine association of resistance patterns with vegetable sources/ types and LAB strains at 95% confidence interval (CI). The entire LAB were phenotypically resistant to ≥2 antibiotics, while uncultured Solibacillus clone RBL-135 was resistant to all and possessed the 454 bp vancomycin (vanX) gene on chromosomes. Three others, Lactobacillus plantarum YML 007 (lettuce), Lactobacillus plantarum TCP 008 (cabbage) and Weissella cibaria PON 10339 (carrot), also amplified this gene while Weissella confusa SJL 602 (lettuce) amplified resistance gene for beta lactam (blaZ). This gene (blaZ) was also detected in three other LAB but with size corresponding to 500 bp. None of the tetracycline ribosomal protection protein, tet(M), (S), (W), efflux tet(K), (L), aminoglycoside acetyltransferase and phosphotransferase encoding gene, aac(61)- aph(21), integrons (intl 1,2,3) were detected. The plasmid cured LAB exhibited same resistance patterns as their wild derivatives. The naturally occurring LAB in the study vegetables are phenotypically multidrug resistant, a few possessing vanX and blaZ resistance genes on chromosomes. Hence, they lack potentials to transfer AR through plasmids and integrons. Key words: Antibiotic resistance, lactic acid bacteria, salad vegetables, polymerase chain reaction, 16S rRNA, plasmids.
Development studies of a new metronidazole certified reference material

This paper presents the results of the studies carried out with the candidate certified reference material (CRM) of metronidazole, first CRM of this active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) available on the market and second Brazilian CRM of an API. The investigation includes the determination of organic impurities, inorganic impurities and volatiles, validation of the HPLC-DAD method, stability studies under transport and storage conditions, homogeneity testing, calculation of metronidazole content by mass balance, confirmation of the certified value by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and estimation of measurement uncertainties.
Cash Holdings and Excess Credit--Empirical Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

This paper studies the impacts of cash holdings on excess credit using a balanced panel of 988 Chinese listed companies. Regression results show negative correlation between cash holdings and the possibility of occurrence of excess credit in Probit model. The lower the corporate cash holdings level, the higher the probability that the enterprise appears excess credit. Empirical results are consistent with the pecking order theory, corporate cash holdings policy can affect the corporate financing decision. In 2008, in reaction to the global financial crisis, Chinese government put forward the "four trillion RMB" stimulating domestic demand plan, implemented a loose monetary policy at the same time. At the end of 2014, People's Bank of China cut the benchmark interest rate and the deposit reserve rate many times, in order to increase money supply and expand enterprise investment. At present, the investment of Chinese enterprises overall is overheating, which is associated with the excess credit phenomenon. For a long time, there is a widespread excess credit situation of Chinese enterprises, especially the country's economic policy allows banks to increase credit, making the majority enterprise actual loan is higher than the loan they need. Cash as a universal equivalent is widespread in the field of social production and circulation; it is an indispensable resource of the company's daily operations and management activities. Corporate cash holdings are closely related to their various activities such as investment, financing and dividend payments. Listed companies in order to meet the needs of growth and investment, without financing, they choose to hold a certain amount of cash. Cash holdings is a very important problem of modern corporate governance theory and practice, excess credit phenomenon accompanied with the development of Chinese economy and the formulation and implementation of Chinese economic policy, has been little studied by academics and the research about how cash holdings effects the excess credit is still a gap.
Economic Openness and Domestic Demand for Social Protection: A Multi-Level Analysis of Social Security Preferences between 1990 and 2006

Abstract Comparative research revealed that social programs did not suffer significant decline despite globalisation and stiffer international competition. Instead, a striking stability of social expenditure is observed which is explained by voters’ demands for social protection because of new uncertainties connected to economic openness. The domestic demand approach conceives the welfare state as a means to compensate for the risks a globalised economy puts on citizens’ job security, and as a means to foster the acceptance of an open economy. Given the prominence of these assumptions little research has been conducted to test them. Does economic openness actually increase unemployment and feelings of job insecurity? Does this in turn lead to a higher voter demand for social security? This paper analyses the propositions of domestic demand approaches based on a data set comprised of waves of the module “Role of Government” from the International Social Survey Programme (1990, 1996 and 2006) and additional country-level features. The results show that economic openness has a negative effect when other insecurity-causing trends are controlled. Also subjective job insecurity instead of the projected positive effect rather shows a negative relation. Social security demand decreases the more job insecurity people perceive. This is interpreted as a consequence of the fear of those still employed that voting for more expenditures would endanger existing jobs. Moreover, the hypothesis that economic openness now spreads economic risks and feelings of insecurity over a broader social strata rather than remaining mired at the low end of the social spectrum is not confirmed.
Widening the field: The process of language acquisition

Abstract Evans & Levinson (E&L) argue against Universal Grammar on the basis of language diversity. A related and fundamental issue is whether the language input provides sufficient information for a child to acquire it. I briefly discuss the more integrated approaches to language acquisition which focus on the mechanisms, and research showing that input cues provide valuable information for the language learner.
Techniques for Combinatorial and High-Throughput Microscopy Part 2: Automated Optical Microscopy Platform for Thin Film Research

As it is in traditional materials science, microscopy is a central tool for morphology characterization in combinatorial and high-throughput (C&HT) materials research. Indeed, micrographs are naturally amenable to C&HT studies, since they enable rapid visual screening and automated quantitative analysis by a plethora of well-tested image processing routines. In this article, we present a custom-built and cost-effective automated optical microscopy (AOM) platform designed for the C&HT analysis of gradient specimens. Gradient specimens progressively vary one or more parameters with position, presenting a multitude of experimental conditions within a single sample (see Part 1 of this series).
Multilevel multivariate modelling of legislative count data, with a hidden Markov chain

The production of legislative acts is affected by multiple sources of latent heterogeneity, due to multilevel and multivariate unobserved factors that operate in conjunction with observed covariates at all the levels of the data hierarchy. We account for these factors by estimating a multilevel Poisson regression model for repeated measurements of bivariate counts of executive and ordinary legislative acts, enacted under multiple Italian governments, nested within legislatures. The model integrates discrete bivariate random effects at the legislature level and Markovian sequences of discrete bivariate random effects at the government level. It can be estimated by a computationally feasible expectation–maximization algorithm. It naturally extends a traditional Poisson regression model to allow for multiple outcomes, longitudinal dependence and multilevel data hierarchy. The model is exploited to detect multiple cycles of legislative supply that arise at multiple timescales in a case‐study of Italian legislative production.
Quantum impurity on the surface of a topological insulator

It is shown that the Hamiltonian for a quantum magnetic impurity on the surface of a topological insulator can be mapped to the conventional pseudo-gap Anderson impurity model, albeit with the combinations of continuum states which hybridize with the impurity having more complex structure in the reciprocal and spin space. If the Fermi level is away from the Dirac point, the impurity is predicted to be fully screened at low enough temperatures, i.e., there are no residual degrees of freedom.
Visualization of High-Level Associations from Twitter Data

The Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (KDD) process focuses on extracting useful information from large datasets. To support analysts in making decisions, a relevant research effort has been devoted to visualizing the extracted data mining models effectively. A particular attention has been paid to the discovery of strong association rules from textual data coming from social networks, which represent potentially relevant correlations among document terms. However, state-of-the-art rule visualization tools do not allow experts to visualize data correlations at different abstraction levels. Hence, the effectiveness of the proposed approaches is limited, especially when dealing with fairly sparse data. This chapter presents Twitter Generalized Rule Visualizer (TGRV), a novel text mining and visualization tool. It aims at supporting analysts in looking into the results of the generalized association rule mining process from textual data coming from Twitter supplied with WordNet taxonomies. Taxonomies are used for aggregating document terms into higher-level concepts. Generalized rules represent high-level associations among document terms. By exploiting taxonomy-based models, experts may look into the discovered data correlations from different perspectives and figure out interesting knowledge. Changing the perspective from which data correlations are visualized is shown to improve the readability and the usability of the generated rule-based model. The experimental results show the applicability and the usefulness of the proposed visualization tool on real textual data coming from Twitter. The visualized data correlations are shown to be valuable for advanced analysis, such as topic trend and user behavior analysis.
5 MONROE : Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe

Mobile broadband (MBB) networks (e.g., 3G/4G) underpin numerous vital operations of the society and are arguably becoming the most important piece of the communications infrastructure. Given the importance of MBB networks, there is a strong need for objective information about their performance, particularly, the quality experienced by the end user. Such information is valuable to operators, regulators and policy makers, consumers and society at large, businesses whose services depend on MBB networks, researchers and innovators. In this chapter, we introduce the MONROE1 measurement platform: MONROE is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 644399. For more information, please visit https://www.monroe-project.eu/