Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 14 Pulmonary hypertension associated with sarcoidosis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) affects approximately 6% of unselected patients with sarcoidosis but its prevalence is much higher in advanced pulmonary fibrosis. Although destruction of the distal capillary bed and resultant hypoxaemia are central, the underlying mechanisms are multifactorial: left heart dysfunction, specific pulmonary vasculopathy (which can cause pulmonary veno-occlusive disease), local increased vasoreactivity, extrinsic vascular compression and portal hypertension. As a result, some patients exhibit ‘‘disproportionate’’ PH, i.e. more severe than expected from the level of functional impairment. There is no validated screening algorithm for the detection of sarcoidosis-associated PH but recent studies have underlined the role of right heart catheterisation (RHC) to exclude post-capillary PH, which is frequently underestimated by echocardiography. PH is associated with a significantly increased morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. The cornerstone of management is supportive therapy and lung transplantation in otherwise eligible patients. Rare cases with nonfibrotic pulmonary disease respond to corticosteroids. Published data on the efficacy and safety of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) agents are scarce and discrepant, requiring further studies.
Difficult temperament moderates links between maternal responsiveness and children's compliance and behavior problems in low-income families.

BACKGROUND Research has shown that interactions between young children's temperament and the quality of care they receive predict the emergence of positive and negative socioemotional developmental outcomes. This multimethod study addresses such interactions, using observed and mother-rated measures of difficult temperament, children's committed, self-regulated compliance and externalizing problems, and mothers' responsiveness in a low-income sample. METHODS In 186 thirty-month-old children, difficult temperament was observed in the laboratory (as poor effortful control and high anger proneness), and rated by mothers. Mothers' responsiveness was observed in lengthy naturalistic interactions at 30 and 33 months. At 40 months, children's committed compliance and externalizing behavior problems were assessed using observations and several well-established maternal report instruments. RESULTS Parallel significant interactions between child difficult temperament and maternal responsiveness were found across both observed and mother-rated measures of temperament. For difficult children, responsiveness had a significant effect such that those children were more compliant and had fewer externalizing problems when they received responsive care, but were less compliant and had more behavior problems when they received unresponsive care. For children with easy temperaments, maternal responsiveness and developmental outcomes were unrelated. All significant interactions reflected the diathesis-stress model. There was no evidence of differential susceptibility, perhaps due to the pervasive stress present in the ecology of the studied families. CONCLUSIONS Those findings add to the growing body of evidence that for temperamentally difficult children, unresponsive parenting exacerbates risks for behavior problems, but responsive parenting can effectively buffer risks conferred by temperament.
A Focus on Security and Privacy in the Cloud [Editorial]

The third issue of IEEE Cloud Computing focuses on secure cloud computing techniques for big data. Columns address a range of topics, from how APIs, protocols, programming languages, and tools relate to cloud standardization, to the use of hybrid and federated clouds for application security, to the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP).
Incarceration as Exposure: The Prison, Infectious Disease, and Other Stress-Related Illnesses∗

This article examines the relationship between incarceration and health functioning. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the relationship between incarceration and more than 20 different measures of health are tested. Using multiple analytic procedures, a distinctive pattern of association emerges. Individuals with a history of incarceration appear consistently more likely to be afflicted with infectious disease and other illnesses associated with stress. In contrast, no consistent relationships were observed between incarceration status and ailments unrelated to stress or infectious disease. The results suggest that exposure to infectious disease and stress are important to understanding the lasting impact of incarceration on health.
A study of preventable trauma mortality in rural Michigan.

OBJECTIVE To determine the preventable death rate (PDR) and the frequency and types of inappropriate medical care in a large, rural region of Michigan. DESIGN A prospective study of all deaths caused by injury during a 1-year period. METHODS Preventability of death and appropriateness of care were determined using a structured implicit review process and expert panel. A second panel was convened to confirm the reliability of the review process. MAIN RESULTS One hundred fifty-five injury-related deaths underwent panel review. Four deaths (2.6%) were found to be definitely preventable and 16 (10.3%) possibly preventable, for a combined preventable death rate of 12.9%. Sixty-five deaths (41.9%) occurred in the emergency department or hospital; 18 of these (27.7%) were judged to be definitely preventable or possibly preventable. Forty-three episodes of inappropriate care were identified in 27 (17.4%) of the 155 cases reviewed. These occurred primarily in the emergency department and hospital rather than during prehospital care or transfer. CONCLUSIONS A relatively small percentage of trauma fatalities in rural Michigan could have been prevented by more appropriate or timely medical care. Efforts to improve the care of injured persons in rural Michigan should be directed primarily at the emergency department and inpatient phases of trauma system care.
Prediction of compression ratio in lossy compression of noisy images

Requirements to data transmission in communication lines or to image storage can be such that methods of lossy image compression have to be applied. However, for many techniques of lossy image compression it is not an easy task to provide a desired compression ratio. Besides, noise can be present in images and it is desirable to take its characteristics into account in lossy compression. One way to get around the arising shortcomings is to predict compression ratio and to manage (vary) it accordingly. This paper considers some ways to predict compression ratio for the case of additive white Gaussian noise often used in literature. Compression techniques based on discrete cosine transform are studied. Compression in the neighborhood of optimal operation point is paid main attention. Meanwhile, other variants are studied as well.
A microradiographic and electron microscopic study of tertiary dentin in human deciduous teeth.

This study deals with the structure of the inorganic phase of tertiary dentin, and is limited to dentin formation caused by mild or moderate stimuli, e.g., attrition or initial or shallow carious lesions. Ground sections were prepared from 20 human deciduous teeth extracted mainly because of orthodontic treatment, and contact microradiographs were produced. Based on visual inspection of the ground sections in reflected and transmitted light and microradiographic findings, small areas were dissected out and processed for electron microscopy. In the tertiary dentin formed in the pulp horns the number of tubules was reduced, while in that on the side walls of the pulp there was often no marked reduction in the number of tubules. Several tubules could be followed from the physiological (primary and secondary) dentin into the tertiary dentin, and a change in the direction of the tubules was often noted. Interglobular dentin was frequently observed, and in some teeth incremental lines with alternating high and low mineral content were seen, indicating that tertiary dentin, like other mineralized tissues, is subject to biological rhythms during formation. When studied in the electron microscope, tubules with varying size and distribution as well as occluded tubules with a high mineral content were seen. The tubules often had an irregular circumference with projections of mineralized tissue protruding into the lumen. Highly mineralized peritubular dentin was rarely observed. The present results show that orthodentin is formed when dentin in primary human teeth is exposed to mild or moderate stimuli.
Semiquantitative assessment of surgical lung biopsy: predictive value and impact on survival of patients with diffuse pulmonary infiltrate.

PURPOSE Surgical lung biopsy has been studied in distinct populations, mostly going beyond clinical issues to impinge upon routine histopathological diagnostic information in diffuse infiltrates; however, detailed tissue analyses have rarely been performed. The present study was designed to investigate the prognostic contribution provided by detailed tissue analysis in diffuse infiltrates. METHODS Medical records and surgical lung biopsies from the period of 1982 to 2003 of 63 patients older than 18 years with diffuse infiltrates were retrospectively examined. Lung parenchyma was histologically divided into 4 anatomical compartments: interstitium, airways, vessels, and alveolar spaces. Histological changes throughout these anatomical compartments were then evaluated according to their acute or chronic evolutional character. A semiquantitative scoring system was applied to histologic findings to evaluate the intensity and extent of the pathological process. We applied logistic regression to predict the risk of death associated with acute and chronic histological changes and to estimate the odds ratios for each of the independent variables in the model. RESULTS Impact on survival was found for male gender (P = 0.03), presence of diffuse alveolar damage (P = 0.001), and chronic histological changes (P = 0.0004) on biopsy. Thus, being male was associated with a slightly lower risk (O.R. = 0.18; P=0.03) of dying than being female. Death risk was increased 17 times in the presence of acute histological changes such as diffuse alveolar damage and 2.5 times in the presence of chronic histological changes. CONCLUSION Detailed analysis of histological specimens can provide more than a nosological diagnosis: this approach can provide valuable information concerning prognosis.
Effect of carbon dioxide laser resurfacing on epidermal p53 immunostaining in photodamaged skin.

OBJECTIVE To quantitatively examine changes in p53 tumor suppressor gene immunostaining after carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser resurfacing of photodamaged skin to assess the potential value of this treatment in reducing the risk of progression to cutaneous carcinoma. DESIGN Serial in vivo immunohistochemical analyses after laser therapy. SETTING Academic referral center, Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. OTHER PARTICIPANTS Volunteer sample of 11 adults, 51 to 76 years old, with clinically evident photodamage of the forearms. INTERVENTION Focal CO(2) laser resurfacing of photodamaged forearms and serial biopsies at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 months after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Because keratinocytes with mutations in p53 or altered p53 expression stain via immunohistochemical techniques, image analysis of immunohistochemically stained sections was used to quantify p53 expression. RESULTS Positive immunostaining for p53 in the interfollicular epidermis was noted in 8 of 11 subjects at baseline, with an average staining density of 250 cells/mm(2). Average staining decreased to 3 cells/mm(2) 3 weeks after treatment. This decrease was sustained at 5 cells/mm(2) 6 months after resurfacing. CONCLUSIONS There was a consistent decrease in p53 immunostaining in the interfollicular epidermis lasting for at least 6 moths after CO(2) laser resurfacing of photodamaged skin. Since p53 mutation or overexpression is observed in a majority of cases of cutaneous carcinoma, the posttreatment repopulation of the epidermis with p53-negative keratinocytes should theoretically decrease the risk of malignant progression. Further study of laser resurfacing as a prophylactic procedure in patients at high risk for skin cancer development appears warranted.
Size Effect of Barium Titanate and Computer-Aided Design of Multilayered Ceramic Capacitors

The size effect of BaTiO3 (BTO) is the most important issue to design multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) with high capacitance. In the size effect of BTO particles, the size dependence of dielectric permittivity related with the complex structure in BTO nano-particles. The grain size dependence of dielectric permittivity in BTO ceramics was due to the domain wall contribution. The core-shell structure played an important role in the size effect of dielectric layers in X7R-MLCCs. Computer simulation technique was developed to predict the limit of capacitance density of MLCCs produced by the current technology. Dielectric properties of MLCCs with different particle size of BTO were measured, and the data were analyzed using B-SPLINE fitting to predict dielectric permittivity at arbitrary temperatures and AC-fields. The dielectric properties of barium titanate grains smaller than 100 nm were predicted using least squares fitting of the B-SPLINE coefficients. It was found from the simulation that the use of barium titanate grains smaller than 80 nm did not give an advantage to increase the capacitance density as well as temperature stability of the MLCCs. The maximum capacitance was predicted for the 1608 (mm) chip size.
FBXO11 Promotes the Neddylation of p53 and Inhibits Its Transcriptional Activity*

The p53 tumor suppressor is regulated by post-translational modification, including ubiquitination, phosphorylation and acetylation. It has previously been shown that the ubiquitin ligase Mdm2 also promotes the conjugation of Nedd8, a ubiquitin-like protein, to p53, inhibiting its transcriptional activity. We report the identification of FBXO11, a member of the F-box protein family and a component of the Skp1·Cullin1·F-box (SCF) complex, as a new p53-interacting protein. We show that FBXO11 promotes the neddylation of p53 both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to the C-terminal lysine residues, FBXO11 can also promote Nedd8 conjugation to Lys-320 and Lys-321, and neddylation of p53 leads to suppression of p53 function. This is consistent with recent studies showing that a lysine to arginine mutation at Lys-320 significantly enhances p53 function, although Lys-320 was originally identified as an acetylation site involving PCAF-mediated activation of p53. Our study provides an example of an F-box protein acting as an adaptor protein that can mediate the neddylation of a non-cullin substrate.
Electoral Design : One Man , One Vote Bid

We compare two mechanisms to implement a simple binary choice, e.g. adopt one of two proposals. We show that when neither alternative is ex ante preferred, simple majority voting cannot implement the first best outcome. The fraction of the surplus lost rises with the number of voters and the total surplus loss diverges in the limit when the number of voters grows large. We introduce a simple bidding mechanism where votes can be bought at a quadratic cost and voters receive rebates equal to the average of others’ payments. This mechanism is budget-balanced, individually rational, and fully efficient in the limit. Moreover, the mechanism redistributes from those that gain from the outcome to those that lose and everyone is better off under bidding compared to voting. We test the two mechanisms in the lab using an environment with “moderate” and “extremist” voters. In the first part of the experiment, subjects gain experience with both bidding and voting. Then they collectively decide which mechanism applies in the second part. This endogenous choice of institutions provides clear evidence in favor of bidding: with groups of size eleven, 90% of the groups opt for the bidding mechanism. The observed efficiency losses under voting are close to theoretical predictions and significantly larger than under bidding. Because of redistribution, the efficiency gain from bidding benefits mostly the moderate voters. Observed behavior under the bidding mechanism deviates from theoretical predictions to some extent, which can be explained by a quantal response equilibrium model if we assume that voters overestimate the chance of being pivotal.
Long‐Term Survival After Resection for Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas Is It Really Improving?

ObjectiveThe authors review their recent experience with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Summary Background DataDuctal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas has traditionally had a 5-year survival rate less than 10% after curative resection. Recently, several groups have reported markedly improved 5-year survival rates (approaching 25%) for patients undergoing curative resection. MethodsInstitutional experience with 186 consecutive patients (1981–1991) with pathologic diagnoses of ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing pancreatic resection was reviewed. Histologic specimens of all 3-year survivors (n = 31) were re-reviewed by two pathologists, one internal and one external; nonductal pancreatic cancers then were excluded. ResultsAfter histologic re-review, 12 patients did not have ductal adenocarcinoma, leaving a total of 174 patients for analysis (102 men, 72 women; mean age 63 years, range 34–82 years). Mean followup was 22 months (range 4–109). Classical pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 71%, pylorus-preserving resection in 9%, and total pancreatectomy in 20%. Hospital mortality was 3%. Twenty-eight patients (16%) had macroscopically incomplete resections; 98 (56%) had lymph node metastases within the resected specimens, and 21 patients (12%) had extensive perineural invasion. Overall actuarial 5-year survival was 6.8%. Five-year survival was greater for nodenegative versus node-positive patients (14% vs. 1%, p< 0.001), and for smaller (<2 cm) versus larger tumors (20% vs. 1%, p< 0.001). The 5-year survival for the subset of patients with negative nodes and no perineural or duodenal invasion (69 patients) was 23% (p< 0.001). Mean survival of the 12 excluded patients was 53 ± 7 months compared with 17.5 ± 1 months in the 174 patients with ductal pancreatic cancer. ConclusionsFive-year survival for patients undergoing pancreatic resection for lesions deemed to be clinically “curable” intraoperatively and histologically reviewed/confirmed to be ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is approximately 7%. Survival is greater (23%) in the subset of patients with negative
Hybrid Optimization for Economic Deployment of ESS in PV-Integrated EV Charging Stations

Electric vehicle (EV) charging stations will play an important role in the smart city. Uncoordinated and statistical EV charging loads would further stress the distribution system. Photovoltaic (PV) systems, which can reduce this stress, also show variation due to weather conditions. In this paper, a hybrid optimization algorithm for energy storage management is proposed, which shifts its mode of operation between the deterministic and rule-based approaches depending on the electricity price band allocation. The cost degradation model of the energy storage system (ESS) along with the levelized cost of PV power is used in the case of EV charging stations. The algorithm comprises of three parts: categorization of real-time electricity price in different price bands, real-time calculation of PV power from solar irradiation data, and optimization for minimizing the operating cost of EV charging station integrated with PV and ESS. An extensive simulation study is carried out with an uncoordinated and statistical EV charging model in the context of Singapore to check effectiveness of this algorithm. Furthermore, detailed analysis of subsidy and incentive to be given by the government agencies for higher penetration of renewable energy is also presented. This work would aid in planning of adoption of PV-integrated EV charging stations, which would expectedly replace traditional gas stations in future.
The Authority Mechanism in the Process of Management

Authority is one of the basic factors in management,and the authority mechanism is one of the equilibrium mechanisms in organization.The base of authority comes from demand,personality,cognizance,belief and any other correlative factors.The authority mechanism in organization has both rational and irrational aspects.It contains both authority relationship between individuals and relationship between individuals and the organization.In the process of management,the authority mechanism includes many different kinds.Firstly,an authority mechanism can be based on the contract between individuals and the organization.Secondly,the authority mechanism can be in the function division of work system.Thirdly,the follow and obedience coming from target guidance and value acceptance is also an authority mechanism.Fourthly,there are the control and effect from individuality.Lastly,the strength being forced to obey by individuals in social life is another mechanism.In reality,the effect of various mechanisms may possibly intercross and fuse together.
A Critical Review of the Use of Telephone Tests to Identify Cognitive Impairment in Epidemiology and Clinical Research

We reviewed the use of telephone tests to identify cognitive impairment. We searched PubMed for epidemiological studies and clinical trials reporting the use of telephone tests to identify cognitive impairment. Validation studies and papers published more than 10 years ago were excluded. A total of 132 abstracts were identified, from which 19 epidemiological studies and four clinical trials were selected. Telephone tests were found to reduce selection bias in epidemiology by including people over large areas and facilitating follow-up in longitudinal studies. The most widely used tests were the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) and its modified version, the TICSm. Interviewing a proxy was included in most of the studies to compensate for the unavailability of some participants because of deafness, disease or death. In the epidemiological studies, results of telephone tests were seldom confirmed by a medical examination. Telephone screening for cognitive impairment to identify individuals eligible for clinical trials is impeded by low efficiency and lack of sensitivity for separating early pathological cognitive impairment from dementia and normal ageing.
Continuous ultrasound holograms for patterned neurostimulation

Ultrasound waves, widely used as a non-invasive diagnostic modality, can also be used to stimulate neuronal activity. Functionally meaningful stimulation, as is required in order to form a precept, requires the generation of stimulation patterns. Recently, we demonstrated the efficient and uniform simultaneous generation of sparse multifocal spatial distributions of acoustic intensities using computer generated holography algorithms adapted from the optics research field. Here we demonstrate the efficient generation of uniform and accurate continuous ultrasound patterns, an additional step towards the development of patterned acoustic interfaces and an ultrasonic retinal prosthesis.