Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
It ’ s Over 400 : Cooperative reinforcement learning through self-play Team Members :

Inspired by the successes of AlphaGo, AlphaGo Zero, and Libratus, which have resulted in superhuman performance in the games Go and Poker, we study the game Four Hundred. Four Hundred is a team-based trick-taking card game similar to Spades, and has not been widely studied to our knowledge. The game contains many interesting aspects. Notably, the game has hidden information (since hands are not revealed and communication is forbidden), is cooperative (players are split into two teams which compete), and players must bet, ex ante, the tricks they win expect to win (and are punished if they fail to take these tricks). In this work, we discuss an AI, Over400, which has learned how to play the game via self-play. Over400 uses deep reinforcement learning techniques to identify optimal actions in playing rounds and supervised learning to make optimal bets given its strategy. Training over 100,000 games, we find that Over400 defeats heuristic algorithms based on human knowledge and performs competitively against human players.
New aspects of tectonic stress inversion with reference to the TENSOR program

Abstract Analysis of tectonic stress from the inversion of fault kinematic and earthquake focal mechanism data is routinely done using a wide variety of direct inversion, iterative and grid search methods. This paper discusses important aspects and new developments of the stress inversion methodology as the critical evaluation and interpretation of the results. The problems of data selection and separation into subsets, choice of optimization function, and the use of non-fault structural elements in stress inversion (tension, shear and compression fractures) are examined. The classical Right Dihedron method is developed in order to estimate the stress ratio R, widen its applicability to compression and tension fractures, and provide a compatibility test for data selection and separation. A new Rotational Optimization procedure for interactive kinematic data separation of fault-slip and focal mechanism data and progressive stress tensor optimization is presented. The quality assessment procedure defined for the World Stress Map project is extended in order to take into account the diversity of orientations of structural data used in the inversion. The range of stress regimes is expressed by a stress regime index R’, useful for regional comparisons and mapping. All these aspects have been implemented in a computer program TENSOR, which is introduced briefly. The procedures for determination of stress tensor using these new aspects are described using natural sets of fault-slip and focal mechanism data from the Baikal Rift Zone.
Drug Resistance in Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a stomach pathogen that colonizes approximately 50% world’s population [1]. However, the prevalence of H. pylori infection tends to differ both within and between the countries. The higher infection rate up to 80% in developing countries in comparison to 20-50% infection rate in developed countries reflects the dependence of prevalence of infection on socio-economic status of the countries [2,3]. The exact route of transmission of this bacterium is not known yet but evidence supports the fecal or oral transmission of bacterium from person to person between the family members [4-6]. Once the bacterium enters the stomach it causes chronic infection because it is highly adapted to the environmental stresses encountered [7]. Once the chronic infection is established it can lead to the several gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma [8]. H. pylori infection is the primary risk factor for the development of gastric cancer which is the third highest cause of cancer morbidity worldwide [9]. The risk of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer development may be reduced by successful eradication of H. pylori [10,11]. However, the increasing antibiotic resistance in H. pylori has posed an emerging challenge to achieve the goal of eradication therapy [12].
Resonant light scattering by small coated nonmagnetic spheres: magnetic resonances, negative refraction, and prediction

Light scattering of individual coated nonmagnetic spherical particles and effective parameters for a collection of such inclusions are studied at terahertz frequencies, with the emphasis on the conditions of achieving resonant light scatterings, induced magnetic resonance, and negative refraction. Moreover, the prediciton of those critical conditions is proposed. Different core-shell combinations aiming at inducing magnetic resonances are investigated, including plasmonic metamaterials and polar crystals. It is shown that the resonant scattering is controllable with fine adjustment of the core-shell ratio, varying from enhancement to suppression in the scattering drastically. Embedding identical coated nanospheres in a matrix, the polarizability and effective medium parameters of the bulk are examined to give better understanding of unusual scatterings and their predictions. The resonances in electric and magnetic dipole approximation for such a bulk medium are presented.
OVARIAN HYPERSTIMULATON SYNDROME: AN UPDATE FOR PREDICTION, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

SUMMARY Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a life-treating and iatrogenic complication of assisted reproductive technologies. In order to exclude the probability of OHSS, women with high risk should be identified and proper controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocol should be assigned. However, the improvement of approaches and strategies that also maintain high pregnancy rates are as important as preventing OHSS for both patients and the physicians. Otherwise, it is hard to introduce to the aforementioned protocol to the daily practice. In the current review, we aimed to summarize established risk factors which could be useful in order to identify high risk women. The procedures for prevention that has the least deleterious effect on pregnancy rates and treatment would be also discussed.
IRREDUCIBLE INTERDEPENDENCE: AN IC-LIKE ECOLOGICAL PROPERTY POTENTIALLY ILLUSTRATED BY THE NITROGEN CYCLE

The nitrogen cycle is an ecochemical 1 pathway distributed on a global scale and including multiple organisms. Reactions comprising the nitrogen cycle are catalyzed by complex protein machines, some of which — like the nitrogen fixing system in legumes — may arguably be Irreducibly Complex (IC). The focus of this paper is not on these systems, but the overarching cycle in which they participate, asking if the cycle itself resembles an IC system, whether the components themselves are IC or not.
Effects of Trunk Impairments on Manual Wheelchair Propulsion Among Individuals with a Spinal Cord Injury: A Brief Overview and Future Challenges

The majority of individuals with a spinal cord injury experience sensory and motor trunk impairments. The severity of these impairments, along with their side effects on postural stability and upper limb strengthgenerating capability, may reduce these individuals’ capacity to efficiently propel their manual wheelchair and perform other wheelchair-related activities. This article presents a brief overview of the relevant literature focusing on potential effects of trunk impairments on manual wheelchair propulsion and explores a few future research challenges. There is a need to develop quantitative sensorimotor trunk assessment and to develop innovative therapeutic approaches.
Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites containing TiO2, Al2O3 and ZnO fillers

The paper presents results of dielectric spectroscopy and space charge (PEA) measurements on epoxy resin filled with 10% w/w microand nanosized particles of TiO2, Al3O2 and ZnO. The results appear to show that the material from which the nano-particle is made is not highly significant in influencing these results. The results support the proposition that the dielectric properties of such nano-filled composites are controlled by Stern-Gouy-Chapman layers (“interaction zones”) around the particles.
Abnormal Response Induced by Pesticides on Mammalian Immune System

The environmental pollution induced by the chemical substances is regarded as a serious problem on the ecosystem. Recently, many people are interested in safety of foods. We focused on two pesticide chemicals methoxychlor and endosulfan presently used in agricultural farms in many countries. To investigate the influence of methoxychlor and endosulfan on immunoglobulin production, human hybridoma HB4C5 cells and mouse splenic lymphocytes were cultured in the medium containing these compounds at various concentrations. Human IgM production of HB4C5 cells slightly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, mouse splenic lymphocytes treated with each pesticide markedly decreased both IgA and IgG production levels but not the IgM. Moreover, to assess the influence of methoxychlor and endosulfan, we examined the effects of these compounds on mice by oral administration. The spleen was remarkably atrophied whereas the body weights were the same as in control group. These results suggest that these pesticides affect immune system as well as detoxification tissues. It can be suggested from our present findings that the exposure to these compounds via food may lead to the decline in immune activities of human body, resulting in diseases.
Functional Implications of Iron Deficiency

Iron undernutrition is the most common single nutrient deficiency worldwide. Iron deficiency has often been presumed to have few deleterious effects unless severe enough to compromise cardiovascular function. Whereas the effect of reduced iron availability on hemoglobin levels and other hematopoietic indices has been well recognized for a long time, it is only recently that the association between iron deficiency itself, with or without anemia, on immunocompetence, cognition, physical work capacity, and other functions has been documented (1,2). A number of organs and systems show variable changes in structure and function, often before any drop in hemoglobin occurs. This is not surprising because iron is an integral component or an essential cofactor of several enzymes that play an important role in metabolic processes and cell proliferation; these include aconitase, catalase, cytochrome C, cytochrome C reductase, cytochrome oxidase, formiminotransferase, monoamine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, peroxidase, ribonucleotidyl reductase, succinic dehydrogenase, tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan pyrrolase, and xanthine oxidase (3,4). These enzymes are involved in a number of key pathways such as DNA synthesis, mitochondrial electron transport, catecholamine metabolism, neurotransmitter levels, detoxification, and other functions. Many iron-containing proteins, e.g., myoglobin, serve important functions. It is not surprising then, that iron deficiency results in a variety of functional abnormalities. In this selective review, the effects of iron deficiency on immune responses and susceptibility to infection, muscle function and physical work capacity, cognitive function and behavior, gastrointestinal structure and function, and thermogenesis are briefly described.
Phase Oscillator Network Models of Brain Dynamics

Networks of periodically firing neurons can be modelled as networks of coupled phase oscillators, each oscillator being described by a single angular variable. Networks of two types of neural phase oscillators are analysed here: the theta neuron and the Winfree oscillator. By taking the limit of an infinite number of neurons and using the Ott/Antonsen ansatz, we derive and then numerically analyse “neural field” type differential equations which govern the evolution of macroscopic order parameter-like quantities. The mathematical framework presented here allows one efficiently simulate such networks, and to investigate the effects of changing the structure of a network of neurons, or the parameters of such networks.
CONTROL OF DOUBLY FED INDUCTION GENERATORBASED WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM

Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind turbine with is gaining laurels in the growing wind market. By means of a bidirectional converter in the rotor circuit the DFIG is able to work as a generator in both subsynchronous and super-synchronous modes. DFIG is connected with back-to-back converters. In general, VAR compensation is a major problem in WECS. Capacitors banks are to be added in parallel to the machine which leads to many problems such as over voltages etc. In this project, the grid side converter itself compensates for the reactive power rather than providing an additional compensating device. Additional power is also extracted from the rotor side. The machine-side converter controls the rotor speed by using the v/f control technique while the grid-side converter controls the dc-link voltage and ensures the operation by making the reactive power drawn by the system from the utility to zero by using the voltage-oriented control technique. The grid-side current is controlled by using reference current generation in p-q theory. The performance of DFIG is analyzed during the operation of subsynchronous and super-synchronous generating modes using MATLAB/SIMULINK. INDEX TERMS – doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), wind energy conversion systems (WECS), voltage oriented control (VOC), p-q theory, utility grid, rotor side converter (RSC), grid side converter (GSC).
Synthesis, Characterization & Biological Evaluation of Mutual Prodrugs of Some Selected NSAIDs conjugated with different antioxidant via different amino acids

Some selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Aceclofenac, Diclofenac), have been conjugated with antioxidant (Guaiacol, Menthol) via Amino acid spacer (Phenylalanine, Glycine) which has anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective and immunomodulatory properties; therefore this conjugation will synergize the effect of the parent NSAIDs as anti-inflammatory drugs and reducing their gastric side effects. Four compounds have been synthesized andthe structure was confirmed by using IR, NMR (1H-NMR) & Characterized by some physicochemical properties including Melting point. IR data were recorded on Shimadzu FT-IR Spectrophotometer using KBr pellets method & 1H-NMR spectra in DMSO on Bruckerspectrospin-300 MHz using TMS as internal standard. The purity of the synthesized compounds was checked by its TLC. Developing solvents used for the process was [Methanol: Chloroform (2.5ml: 7.5ml)]. TLC plates were made by using Silica gel G & Silica gel GF. Results & Discussion a. Anti-inflammatory Activity: The mean Paw volume of anti-inflammatory activity of tested compounds data represents mean value ± SEM of two animals per groups and data were analysed by using one way ANOVA followed by dunnet test**p<0.01 compared to control (Table 1). Table 1: Anti-inflammatory Activity. Compound Paw volume (ml) 1hr Paw volume (ml) 2hr Control 0.54±0.03 0.58±0.02 Diclofenac Sodium 0.32±0.01 (40%) 0.29±0.03 (50%) Compound I 0.29±0.01** (46%) 0.25±0.03** (56%) b. Antimicrobial Activity: As shown in Table 2. Table 2: Antimicrobial Activity. S. No. Compound Conc. (μg/ ml) Zone Of Inhibition in mm S . aureus B subtilus E. coli K. pneumoniae 1. I 100 7.0 9.5 9.0 8.0 2. II 100 19 16 12 10 3. III 100 6.5 7.5 5.5 6.5 4. IV 100 8.0 7.0 6.5 5.0 5. Ciprofloxacin 100 27 30 25 26 Conclusion: A mutual prodrug is a form of drug where two pharmacologically active agents are attached to each other in such a way that they acts as a promoiety/carrier for each other. In this study, titled compounds act as a mutual prodrug, all compounds showed the significantly antiinflammatory effect, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity. Further, the study would be concluded the mechanism of action and in-vivo study to predict the efficacy of these compounds on rats towards anti-inflammatory effect.
Multi-omic and multi-view clustering algorithms: review and cancer benchmark

High throughput experimental methods developed in recent years have been used to collect large biomedical omics datasets. Clustering of such datasets has proven invaluable for biological and medical research, and helped reveal structure in data from several domains. Such analysis is often based on investigation of a single omic. The decreasing cost and development of additional high throughput methods now enable measurement of multi-omic data. Clustering multi-omic data has the potential to reveal further systems-level insights, but raises computational and biological challenges. Here we review algorithms for multi-omics clustering, and discuss key issues in applying these algorithms. Our review covers methods developed specifically for multi-omic data as well as generic multi-view methods developed in the machine learning community for joint clustering of multiple data types. In addition, using cancer data from TCGA, we perform an extensive benchmark spanning ten different cancer types, providing the first systematic benchmark comparison of leading multi-omics and multiview clustering algorithms. The results highlight several key questions regarding the use of single-vs. multi-omics, the choice of clustering strategy, the power of generic multi-view methods and the use of approximated p-values for gauging solution quality. Due to the rapidly increasing use of multi-omics data, these issues may be important for future progress in the field.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISSOCIATION AND SUBSEQUENT INTRUSIONS IN CONTEXT OF TRAUMA EXPOSURE

Repeated intrusions of the traumatic events are core symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), described as exceptionally vivid and rich in sensory detail (Brewin & Holmes, 2003). Several studies found dissociation, both trait dissociation and peritraumatic state dissociation, to be a risk factor for PTSD development after trauma-exposure (Briere, Scott, & Weathers, 2005; Lensvelt-Mulders, van der Hart, van Ochten, van Son, Steele, & Breeman, 2008). Trait dissociation is considered a relatively stable trait and it refers to a reduced awareness of one’s surroundings marked by symptoms such as depersonalization, emotional numbing, and altered sense of time. State dissociation refers to a temporary dissociative state, during and right after the trauma. The role of dissociation is not without controversy since there are studies that deny the fact that it is an independent predictor of PTSD (Hagenaars & Krans, 2011). Certain contradictions can be explained by the fact that the relationship between dissociation and PTSD development is more complex and could be mediated by the presence of other variables. In this paper, we present the effect of dissociation on the development of intrusive symptoms of PTSD, as well as the possible explanations of the contradictory results.
Modeling and control of piezoelectric inertia–friction actuators: review and future research directions

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the modeling and control of piezoelectric inertia-friction actuators (PIFAs). Examples of PIFAs are impact drive mechanisms (IDMs) and friction-driving actuators (FDAs). In this paper, the critical challenges are first identified in modeling and control of PIFAs. Second, a general architecture of PIFAs is proposed to facilitate the analysis and classification of the literature regarding modeling and control of PIFAs. This general architecture covers all types of PIFAs (e.g., FDAs, IDMs) and thus serves as a general conceptual model of PIFAs. There is an additional benefit with this general architecture of PIFAs, namely that it is conducive to innovation in PIFAs, as new specific PIFAs may be designed in order to tailor to a specific application (for example, both FDAs and IDMs are viewed as specific PIFAs). Finally, the paper presents future directions in modeling and control for further improvement of the performance of PIFAs.
Impact of Oral and Dental Health on Children's and Parents' Quality of Life Based on Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) Index

Background: Oral and dental health-related quality of life means the physical and psychological satisfaction with oral health status and the appearance of the teeth. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of oral and dental health on children’s and parent’s quality of life based on Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) index. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 400 children (2‒5 years of age) were selected from the Pediatric Department of Kerman Dental School. A clinical oral examination was performed and their dmft was documented. Then the parents completed the ECOHIS questionnaire. Data were analyzed by chi-squared test, two-sample t-test and Mann–Whitney test. Results: The mean of dmft in children was 5.6±3.6. The mean scores obtained from ECOHIS questionnaire in the child and parent impact section were 4.07±0.79 and 3.28±0.83, respectively. There was an inverse statistical relationship between the mean of dmft and quality of life in children and parents (P<0.05). Conclusion: Children’s oral and dental health has a significant impact on children’s and parents’ quality of life. This impact on children’s quality of life is more than that on parents.
EatAR : Mobile Augmented Reality Nutrition Assessment

Accurate assessment of nutrition information is an important part in the prevention and treatment of a multitude of diseases, but remains a challenging task, especially for the non-expert. We present a mobile augmented reality application, which assists users in the assessment of nutritional information of their meals. The user sketches the 3D form of food and on the basis of a user-selected food type nutrition information is computed. Thus volume estimation of food is required for accurate nutrition information assessment. This work focuses on an evaluation of the length and volume measurement accuracy of the developed augmented reality application and puts the results into relation with actual food energydensities.
Nutritional Supplement Use and Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Oxidative stress and the cellular damages caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in aging and age-related eye diseases 2. Most intracellular ROS are derived from the mitochondria in the electron transport chain. During fuel metabolism, oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis in the mitochondria, electrons are shuffled in sequential reduction and oxidation reactions in the electron transport chain. Yet, these reactions are not 100% efficient; electrons may “leak” out and result in the formation of ROS. ROS are highly reactive and unstable oxygen-containing atoms, ions, or molecules such as hydroxyl radical (OH), superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Due to the presence of the “unpaired” electron in the outer shell, ROS are very unstable. In trying to achieve stability, ROS will then participate in further reduction and oxidation reactions, oxidizing target molecules and resulting in generation of other free radicals by chain reaction.