Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kindergarten Children’s Academic Skills: Association with Public Library Use, Shared Book Reading and Poverty

Abstract Background Few studies have examined associations of public library use and shared book reading to kindergarten children’s academic skills. Methods The study sample consisted of 13,385 kindergarten students enrolled in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (ECLS-K: 2011). Parents reported on public library use in the past month (yes/no) and frequency of shared book reading in the past week. Cross-sectional linear regression analyses examined associations of kindergarten children’s academic skills with public library use and shared book reading. Interactions between poverty with shared book reading and public library use on academics were assessed. Results 59.6% of children visited a public library and 86.5% engaged in shared book reading at least three times a week. Public library use and shared book reading differed by socio-demographics. Higher academic scores were positively associated with public library use and shared book reading. A significant interaction between poverty and public library use was not identified. Shared book reading was associated with higher academic scores for all children, especially for children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. Conclusion Public library use and shared book reading were independent predictors of kindergarten children’s academic skills. Disparities in public library use, shared book reading and academics were identified.
Characterization of Betula pendula Outer Bark Regarding Cork and Phloem Components at Chemical and Structural Levels in View of Biorefinery Integration

Betula pendula outer bark includes a cork-rich periderm and a rhytidome, including periderm and phloem layers. Cork and phloem from the outer bark were chemically analyzed after fractioning into different particle sizes; coarser fractions were obtained in higher yields. Cork and phloem chemical composition were different: the coarse and medium fractions of cork were enriched in suberin (37.7–38.4%) and lipophilic extractives (31.1%); phloem fractions were enriched in lignin (32.2%) and polysaccharides (43.0%). Lipophilic and suberin extracts were analyzed by GC-MS. Triterpenes constitute the most abundant identified compounds (90.1–97.1% in cork, 76.1–90.2% in phloem), and betulin is the most representative (64.6–70.7%). The majority of the suberin monomers are ω-hydroxyacids, (55.2–83.9%); namely, 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic, 9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoic, and 22-hydroxydocosanoic acids. A chemical valorization of the cork component from B. pendula outer bark as an industrial residue is proposed based on the fractionated production of triterpenoids, suberinic acids, oligo/monosaccharides, and lignin.
Fabrication of Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 Nanoparticles Using One Step Self-Assembling Route to Enhance Energy Consumption

The preparation of copper manganite (hopcalite, Cu1.5Mn1.5O4), as a single phase, was achieved by using a sustainable method of green synthesis. This method is based on the replacement of the conventional “brute force” ceramic preparation by the recent “soft force” green synthesis via the egg white assisted one-step method. In other words, we present a facile and rapid methodology to prepare the nanocrystalline Cu1.5Mn1. 5O4 spinel as a single phase, compared to our previous work using ceramic and glycine-assisted combustion methods. The as-synthesized copper manganite was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). We used a vibrating sample magnetometer to determine the magnetic properties of the prepared sample (VSM). XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS and transmittance electron micrograph (TEM) resulted in synthesis of a successful cubic spinel Cu1.5Mn1. 5O4 system with a sponge crystal structure. The particles of the prepared materials are polycrystalline in their nature and the sizes ranged between 50 and 100 nm. The magnetic measurement demonstrated that the generated nanostructure has been found to exhibit ferromagnetism at room temperature with an optimum saturation magnetization value (0.2944 emu/g).
A rare cause of hemoptysis in patient with chronic kidney disease: pseudoaneurysm of pulmonary vein related to lung malignancy

Hemoptysis is a common presentation of underlying pulmonary or bronchial artery aneurysm. Amongst the causes of non-life-threatening hemoptysis are old healed pulmonary Koch’s, aspergilloma, bronchogenic carcinoma, blunt or penetrating trauma. Pseudoaneurysm of pulmonary vein has not been reported in the literature as a cause of hemoptysis in nontraumatic patients. A very rare case of pulmonary vein pseudoaneurysm as a cause of hemoptysis in patient with lung malignancy along with chronic kidney disease is presented in current report.
Implications of Historical and Contemporary Processes on Genetic Differentiation of a Declining Boreal Songbird: The Rusty Blackbird

The arrangement of habitat features via historical or contemporary events can strongly influence genomic and demographic connectivity, and in turn affect levels of genetic diversity and resilience of populations to environmental perturbation. The rusty blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) is a forested wetland habitat specialist whose population size has declined sharply (78%) over recent decades. The species breeds across the expansive North American boreal forest region, which contains a mosaic of habitat conditions resulting from active natural disturbance regimes and glacial history. We used landscape genomics to evaluate how past and present landscape features have shaped patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity across the species’ breeding range. Based on reduced-representation genomic and mitochondrial DNA, genetic structure followed four broad patterns influenced by both historical and contemporary forces: (1) an east–west partition consistent with vicariance during the last glacial maximum; (2) a potential secondary contact zone between eastern and western lineages at James Bay, Ontario; (3) insular differentiation of birds on Newfoundland; and (4) restricted regional gene flow among locales within western and eastern North America. The presence of genomic structure and therefore restricted dispersal among populations may limit the species’ capacity to respond to rapid environmental change.
A high swing charge pump with current mismatch reduction for PLL applications

A charge pump (CP) is widely used in modern phase-locked loop (PLL) implementations. The CP current mismatch is a dominant source of static phase offset and reference spur in the PLL output signals. In this paper, a novel CP with small current mismatch characteristic over a wide output voltage range is proposed. The specially designed dual compensation circuits use the unity-gain feedback operational amplifier and current mirrors to reduce the current mismatch when the output voltage is closed to the supply voltage (V DD ) or ground (GND). And the additional feedback transistors are used to reduce the impact from the channel length modulation effect. Post-layout simulation results demonstrate that the output current of the proposed CP in a 40 nm CMOS technology is 115 μA. Moreover, the current mismatch is less than 0.97 μA or 0.84% over the output voltage range from 0.04 to 1.07 V covering more than 93.6% of the 1.1 V supply. Thus, the proposed CP maximizes the dynamic range, and reduces the phase offset and reference spur of CP-PLLs.
Extending collaborative filtering recommendation using word embedding: A hybrid approach

Collaborative filtering recommendation systems, which analyze sets of user ratings, have been applied to various domains and have resulted in considerable improvements in the traditional recommendation system. However, they still have problems with data sparsity and cold‐start of the user ratings. To solve these problems, we present a hybrid recommendation approach by combining collaborative filtering methods and word embedding‐based content analysis. This study focuses on the movie domain, and therefore, the contents of the items are represented as a set of features such as titles, genres, directors, actors, and plots. The main aim of this paper is to understand the content of the movie plot using a word embedding to improve the measurement of similarity of each plot content to other plot content (called plot embedding). To enhance the accuracy in measuring the similarity between movies, we also consider other features such as titles, genres, directors, and actors extracted from movies. In the experiments, the movie dataset was collected by our crowdsourcing platform, which is the OMS platform. The experimental findings indicate that the proposed approach can enhance the efficiency of applied collaborative filtering recommendation systems.
Assortment Optimization under a Single Transition Choice Model

In this study, we consider a new customer choice model which we call the single transition choice model. In this model, there is a universe of products and customers arrive at each product with a certain probability. If the arrived product is unavailable, then the seller can recommend a subset of available products and the customer will purchase one of the recommended products or choose not to purchase with certain transition probabilities. The distinguishing features of the model are that the seller can control which products to recommend depending on the arrived product, and each customer either purchases a product or leaves the market after one transition. We study the assortment optimization problem under this model. Particularly, we show that it is NP‐Hard even if the customer can transition from each product to at most two products. Despite the computational complexity, we provide polynomial time algorithms or approximation algorithms for several special cases, such as when the customer can only transition from each product to at most a given number of products and the size of each recommended set is bounded. Our approximation algorithms are developed by invoking the submodularity arguments, or connecting the problem with maximum constraint satisfaction problem and applying randomized rounding techniques to its semidefinite programming relaxation. We also provide a tight worst‐case performance bound for revenue‐ordered assortments. In addition, we propose a compact mixed‐integer program formulation, which is efficient for moderate size problems. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Aquatic plant diversity of lakes around Gondia city, Maharashtra, India

Gondia is one of the centrally located districts of India. It is famous for its lakes and water bodies. These water bodies exhibit enormous diversity of plants according to geographical location, depth of water body, water regime, chemistry of water, soil and sediment characteristics. Very little work has been done so far on the flora of the water bodies of Gondia district. Therefore, a study has carried out to understand the aquatic plants diversity of selected 5 lakes around Gondia city. For this, well-planned surveys were carried out at selected sites frequently. During visits, data like habit, life span, local names, and life forms of all the plant species present in the water body were collected. During the study, 44 species of 37 genera belonging to 26 families have been recorded from selected sites. Most dominant family was Hydrocharitaceae with 4 genera and 4 species, followed by Asteraceae, Poaceae, Convolvulaceae and Potamogetonaceae with 3 species each. Jaccard and Sorenson similarity indexes showed that Lake I and Lake II have maximum similarity and highest diversity as compared to other sites. The present work revealed the database of aquatic plants in water bodies around Gondia, which will help in future work for the conservation, preservation and growth of the local biodiversity.
Towards addressing environmental challenges: rational design of metal-organic frameworks-based photocatalysts via a microdroplet approach

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention in the past decades owing to their amazing properties, including rich surface chemistry, flexible structure, superior surface area, and tunable porosity. MOFs are conventionally synthesized via wet-chemistry methods, which, however, are oftentimes plagued by long reaction durations, inhomogeneous mixing, and limited batch processes. This article reviews a rapid microdroplet-based nanomanufacturing process to fabricate MOFs-based functional materials with controlled hierarchical nanostructures to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of wet-chemistry processes. The general formation pathways of MOFs inside the microdroplets were investigated by both experimental and theoretical approaches. Further, strategies to integrate MOFs with semiconductors to form hybrid photocatalysts are also summarized towards addressing environmental challenges, with a major focus on CO2 photoreduction. The quantitative mechanisms of CO2 adsorption, activation, and charge transfer within the hybrid nanostructures were explored by various in-situ techniques, such as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This review provides a new avenue for the rational design of MOFs-based functional materials to tackle a variety of environmental issues, including but not limited to global warming, air pollution, and water contamination.
Effect of composition on compressibility of skiagite-Fe-majorite garnet

Abstract Skiagite-Fe-majorite garnets were synthesized using a multianvil apparatus at 7.5–9.5 GPa and 1400–1600 K. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at ambient conditions revealed that synthesized garnets contain 23 to 76% of an Fe-majorite component. We found that the substitution of Fe2+ and Si4+ for Fe3+ in the octahedral site decreases the unit-cell volume of garnet at ambient conditions. Analysis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected on compression up to 90 GPa of garnets with different compositions reveals that with increasing majorite component the bulk modulus increases from 159(1) to 172(1) GPa. Our results and literature data unambiguously demonstrate that the total iron content and the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio in (Mg, Fe)-majorites have a large influence on their elasticity. At pressures between 50 and 60 GPa we observed a significant deviation from a monotonic dependence of the molar volumes of skiagite-Fe-majorite garnet with pressure, and over a small pressure interval the volume dropped by about 3%. By combining results from single-crystal X-ray diffraction and high-pressure synchrotron Mössbauer source spectroscopy we demonstrate that these changes in the compressional behavior are associated with changes of the electronic state of Fe in the octahedral site.
The Construction of Blended Teaching Mode of Cooking Technology Course Under the Background of "Gold Course"

Under the trend of "Internet+Education", the online and offline blended teaching mode has become an important direction of teaching reform. This article takes the course "Cooking Technology" as an example to build an online and offline blended teaching mode, and investigates the application of blended teaching in the teaching of applied undergraduate courses. Using empirical analysis and interview methods, the article found that the curriculum teaching of "Cooking Technology" has insufficient combination of theory and practice, single teaching mode, poor teaching effect, and heavy teaching tasks. Base on the principle of student-centered, pedagogical coherence, integration of theory and practice, this article designs the blended teaching activities for the "Cooking Technology" course from the three major links, which is the pre-course phase, in-class stage and after-school phase. This article puts forward the issues that should be focus on interaction in blended learning and teaching, establishing a reasonable and sound appraisal method, pay attention to the percentage of online instruction used, so as to provide reference and reference for the construction of "golden courses" of culinary majors and other majors. Finally, the study found that the blended teaching can better cultivate students' autonomy in learning and solve the basic problems that most students are not interested in learning.
Analysis of Immune Response of Chicken Primary Cells by Infection With Korean IBV Strain

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), an avian coronavirus, is highly contagious, which develops acute pathogenesis in multiple organs. Frequent recombination of spike (S) glycoprotein leads to vaccine strategies insignificant. To understand IBV pathogenesis, we analyzed genetic distance of the Korean IBV isolate to different coronaviruses, including SARS-Cov2. For comprehensive information of the immune responses during IBV infection, we infected primary chicken embryonic kidney cells and performed transcriptome analysis. We observed functional pathways for innate immunity are associated and confirmed mRNA expressions of element genes that coordinate early immune responses. Immune profile of the host cell may assist vaccine development.
Universal nature and specific features of streamers in various dielectric media

In this paper, a review of general and specific properties of ionization waves—streamers is presented. Characteristics of streamers in gases and liquids, sprites in the Earth’s atmosphere and guided streamers in cold atmospheric-pressure plasma jets are discussed. Information on streamer structure, propagation velocity and radius, parameters of the streamer plasma (electron density in the streamer channel, peak electric field in the streamer head) in various media, obtained using diagnostic methods, numerical modeling and analytical approach, is analyzed.
Microscopic Structure, Conformation, and Dynamics of Ring and Linear Poly(ethylene oxide) Melts from Detailed Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations: Dependence on Chain Length and Direct Comparison with Experimental Data

We present results from very long (on the order of several microseconds) atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for the density, microscopic structure, conformation, and local and segmental dynamics of pure, strictly monodisperse ring and linear poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) melts, ranging in molar mass from ∼5300 to ∼20 000 g/mol. The MD results are compared with recent experimental data for the chain center-of-mass self-diffusion coefficient and the normalized single-chain dynamic structure factor obtained from small-angle neutron scattering, neutron spin echo, and pulse-field gradient NMR, and remarkable qualitative and quantitative agreement is observed, despite certain subtle disagreements in important details regarding mainly internal ring motion (loop dynamics). A detailed normal-mode analysis allowed us to check the degree of consistency of ring PEO melt dynamics with the ring Rouse model and indicated a strong reduction of the normalized mode amplitudes for the smaller mode numbers (compared .
Distinct microbial communities colonize tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma

ABSTRACT Squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil is one of the most frequent cancers of the oropharynx. The escalating rate of tonsil cancer during the last decades is associated with the increase of high risk-human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) infections. While the microbiome in oropharyngeal malignant diseases has been characterized to some extent, the microbial colonization of HR-HPV-associated tonsil cancer remains largely unknown. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we have characterized the microbiome of human palatine tonsil crypts in patients suffering from HR-HPV-associated tonsil cancer in comparison to a control cohort of adult sleep apnea patients. We found an increased abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in tumor patients, whereas the abundance of Spirochetes and Synergistetes was significantly higher in the control cohort. Furthermore, the accumulation of several genera such as Veillonella, Streptococcus and Prevotella_7 in tonsillar crypts was associated with tonsil cancer. In contrast, Fusobacterium, Prevotella and Treponema_2 were enriched in sleep apnea patients. Machine learning-based bacterial species analysis indicated that a particular bacterial composition in tonsillar crypts is tumor-predictive. Species-specific PCR-based validation in extended patient cohorts confirmed that differential abundance of Filifactor alocis and Prevotella melaninogenica is a distinct trait of tonsil cancer. This study shows that tonsil cancer patients harbor a characteristic microbiome in the crypt environment that differs from the microbiome of sleep apnea patients on all phylogenetic levels. Moreover, our analysis indicates that profiling of microbial communities in distinct tonsillar niches provides microbiome-based avenues for the diagnosis of tonsil cancer.
Tungiasis en el área urbana de Popayán, Colombia: reporte de caso

Resumen La tungiasis es una ectoparasitosis endémica en Latinoamérica y está asociada a factores de riesgo como la ruralidad, la pobreza y la convivencia con animales. Popayán, una ciudad al suroccidente de Colombia, fue históricamente afectada por la tungiasis, tanto así que a sus habitantes los apodan "patojos" debido a la forma de caminar de sus habitantes infestados por la pulga. Hoy la enfermedad se creía eliminada. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 12 años procedente del área urbana de Popayán, que consultó por lesiones papulares de bordes circulares, centro negruzco y halo hiperqueratósico en ambos pies, de un mes de evolución. Por los hallazgos clínicos se sospechó tungiasis y se le administró ivermectina. Las lesiones se removieron quirúrgicamente y se enviaron para análisis parasitológico, el cual confirmó la presencia de Tunga penetrans. La evolución del paciente fue satisfactoria. La Secretaría de Salud Municipal de Popayán inspeccionó el domicilio del paciente y encontró perros migrantes del Pacífico colombiano en sus alrededores, algunos con lesiones sospechosas de tungiasis. Se documenta, así, el resurgimiento de esta enfermedad en el área urbana, probablemente debido a la migración de animales desde las zonas rurales. Es importante reconocer la existencia de la pulga en zonas rurales y urbanas, hacer el diagnóstico médico y reportar los casos a los entes de vigilancia. Estas acciones permitirán ofrecer un apropiado manejo y control sanitario de esta ectoparasitosis desatendida en humanos y animales.