Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building on a foundation: advances in epidemiology, resistance breeding, and forecasting research for reducing the impact of fusarium head blight in wheat and barley

Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major fungal disease that contributes to severe economic losses for wheat and barley production in Canada and other parts of the world. Rapid developments in molecular biology over the past three decades have improved the ability to devise predictive management tools to combat the effects of the disease. Important aspects of Fusarium species in terms of the epidemiology associated with FHB in wheat and barley have been reported. The role of mycotoxin production in the epidemiology of the disease is beginning to receive much needed research attention. Evolutionary factors and the use of fungicides have resulted in more virulent forms of the FHB pathogens. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) have facilitated the selection of resistant-breeding lines through marker-assisted selection. Many quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with moderate disease resistance have been identified in wheat and barley. Changes in weather conditions play an important role in FHB epidemics and dissemination, thus a systematic and long-term research approach is needed to provide effective forecasting and risk assessment models. This review discusses the history and epidemiology of FHB pathogens in wheat and barley at the global level, as well as potential plant defence mechanisms, the recent progress made in resistance breeding, and modern tools utilized in disease prediction. It also provides future directions for improving the management of the disease with these two important cereals.
Estudo Compreensivo Sobre o Impacto do DTC no Diagnóstico de Curto-Circuito Inicial Entre Espiras do Motor de Indução

Several critical industrial applications are based on motors driven in closed-loop control; however, this drive category is the least explored in terms of fault detection. This is probably due to the fact that the closed-loop control structure dramatically modifies, or even hides, the fault signatures which are more easily found in induction motors directly fed by the mains, highly complicating the analysis. In this context, this paper makes use of computational simulations of an induction motor with an initial failure between stator turns, driven by Direct Torque Control, exploring all the mechanisms that influence the signatures of the inter-turns short-circuit and complicate the diagnosis. In this way, the paper contributes to the field bringing light to this topic, helping the reader to understand the related issues and future research in the areas of on-line fault diagnosis, condition monitoring and reliability. Resumo: Em certas aplicações industriais cŕıticas, as respectivas cargas são acionadas por motores de indução controlados em malha fechada. No entanto, esta categoria de acionamento é a menos explorada na literatura no que se refere à detecção de falhas. Isto ocorre porque a estrutura do controle em malha fechada modifica drasticamente, ou mesmo oculta, as assinaturas das falhas, dificultando sobremaneira a sua identificação. Neste contexto, o presente artigo aborda, como objeto de um estudo computacional, um motor de indução em gaiola com falha inicial entre espiras do estator, acionado por Controle Direto de Torque (DTC), explorando todos os mecanismos que influenciam as assinaturas da falha de curto-circuito entre espiras que dificultam o diagnóstico. Dessa forma, o trabalho traz contribuições ao tema em foco, proporcionando ao leitor a compreensão de tais fenômenos e auxiliando futuras pesquisas no campo de diagnósticos de falhas on-line, monitoramento da condição de equipamentos e confiabilidade.
Squaring small and medium businesses and branding post Covid‐19 in Nigeria: Tripartite imperatives for performance

Since the Corona virus is expected to create a paradigm shift of so called new normal, contemplation of imperatives needed to adapt to the post Covid‐19 world is in order. In the case of Nigeria, the already troubled small and medium business (SME) sector and branding of small businesses require attention. Departing from the strict marketing perspective it is typically understood, branding is construed as a function of the overall state of a society in this article. As such, three foundational requirements, namely, technological, socio‐economic, and educational imperatives, are identified as society wide policies that must be re‐imagined and implemented consistently for SMEs in Nigeria to have strong basis for their branding as well as their emergence as competitive brands post Covid‐19. A wide range of secondary sources such as reports, articles in the field of marketing, branding and small business branding, and contemporary global and national developments are integrated in advancing the position of this article.
Empirical Predictive Modeling Approach to Quantifying Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards

Conventionally, natural hazard scholars quantify social vulnerability based on social indicators to manifest the extent to which locational communities are susceptible to adverse impacts of natural hazard events and are prone to limited or delayed recoveries. They usually overlook the different geographical distributions of social vulnerability at different hazard intensities and in distinct response and recovery phases, however. In addition, conventional approaches to quantifying social vulnerability usually establish the relationship between social indicators and social vulnerability with little evidence from empirical data science. In this article, we introduce a general framework of a predictive modeling approach to quantifying social vulnerability given intensity during a response or recovery phase. We establish the relationship between social indicators and social vulnerability with an empirical statistical method and historical data on hazard effects. The new metric of social vulnerability given an intensity measure can be coupled with hazard maps for risk analysis to predict adverse impacts or poor recoveries associated with future natural hazard events. An example based on data on casualties, house damages, and peak ground accelerations of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal and pre-event social indicators at the district level shows that the proposed approach can be applied for vulnerability quantification and risk analysis in terms of specific hazard impacts.
Disorder, structured diffuse scattering and the transmission electron microscope

A review of the application of electron microscopy to disordered materials exhibiting sharp, highly structured diffuse intensity distributions is given from a modulation wave approach perspective. Structurally useful diffraction phenomena such as polarization, overall diffuse distribution shape and pseudo-extinction conditions are highlighted. The dangers of multiple scattering are emphasized before two particular such systems, substitutionally disordered solid solutions and inherently flexible framework structures are considered in more detail.
Ultrawideband chromatic aberration-free meta-mirrors

Abstract. Chromatic aberration-free meta-devices (e.g., achromatic meta-devices and abnormal chromatic meta-devices) play an essential role in modern science and technology. However, current efforts suffer the issues of low efficiency, narrow operating band, and limited wavefront manipulation capability. We propose a general strategy to design chromatic aberration-free meta-devices with high-efficiency and ultrabroadband properties, which is realized by satisfying the key criteria of desirable phase dispersion and high reflection amplitudes at the target frequency interval. The phase dispersion is tuned successfully based on a multiresonant Lorentz model, and high reflection is guaranteed by the presence of the metallic ground. As proof of the concept, two microwave meta-devices are designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. An achromatic meta-mirror is proposed within 8 to 12 GHz, and another abnormal chromatic meta-mirror can tune the reflection angle as a linear function. Both meta-mirrors exhibit very high efficiencies (85% to 94% in the frequency band). Our findings open a door to realize chromatic aberration-free meta-devices with high efficiency and wideband properties and stimulate the realizations of chromatic aberration-free meta-devices with other functionalities or working at higher frequency.
Unearthing The Psycho-Spiritual Values Within The Training Module for Disaster Workers

Generally, the training module for disaster workers has been built based on technical skills as to affirm that the disaster workers capable of responding to any situation that occurs. However, in particular situation the psycho-spirituality skill is needed to deal with an unexpected scenario. The importance to understand the value of psychospirituality is vital, especially to the trainer of the disaster module. This study has been conducted to the trainers of one of the disaster agencies in Malaysia. The interview has been conducted to six trainers whereby nine structured questions regarding the necessary skills taught to the disaster workers and the needs of psycho-spirituality skills to respond during the disaster. The finding shows that the trainers have a consensus agreement that the technical skills form as prior knowledge for the disaster workers. By having the psycho spiritual content in the training module, they can balance their emotional, internal spiritual and physical well-being while maintaining resilient. Thus, this study suggests that psycho-spiritual content is very much important to be included in the training module for disaster workers as to enhance the training content comprehensively both in technical and spiritual aspects.
Can the adoption of health information on social media be predicted by information characteristics?

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the relationship between the characteristics of social media health information and its adoption. The purpose is to identify information characteristics that can be used to estimate the level of health information adoption in advance.Design/methodology/approachAccording to the Information Adoption Model (IAM), the study extracted ten information characteristics from the aspects of information quality and information source credibility. The sample data was collected from the top ten influential health accounts based on the Impact List of Sina Weibo to test the effectiveness of these characteristics in distinguishing information at different levels of adoption. The forecasting of information adoption level is regarded as a binary classification question in the study and support vector machine (SVM) is used to do the research.FindingsThe results indicate that ten information characteristics chosen in this study are related to information adoption. Based on these information characteristics, it is feasible to estimate the level of health information adoption, and the estimation accuracy is relatively high.Originality/valueA lot of work has been done in previous researches to reveal the factors that influence information adoption. The theoretical contribution of this work is to further discuss how to use the influencing factors to do some predictive work for information adoption. In practice, it will help health information publishers to disseminate high-quality health information more effectively as well as promote the adoption of health information.
Aglomeração produtiva e netchain: contribuições para a criação de valor nos sistemas agroindustriais

Considering the recurrent problem of cooperation between agents in the search for economic efficiency and competitiveness, the present study sets out to discuss the connections between the approaches of productive agglomerations, collective actions and netchains for value creation in agroindustrial systems, seeking to demonstrate that this problematic cannot be treated in a unidimensional manner. The discussion focuses on the complementarity of these approaches and presents a brief review of the main points involved. It is then suggested that they should be applied jointly in order to analyze agroindustrial systems, since evidence has shown that they are all part of the central problem. Lastly, it is argued that agroindustrial systems will only be well-coordinated and efficient, establishing long-term comparative advantages, if this coordination takes into account the interdependencies between the actors and the regional dimension, with a view to identifying the main, potential sources of value linked to them.
Memory of water - water as a
medium of information transfer

Water is one of the five elements that man has been in connection with in a continuous, special and profound way throughout history. By its structure, an angle between atoms, polarity, binding, no doubt it is a fascinating element. Water comes in three aggregate states; it is a universal solvent and, interestingly, a rare substance on Earth whose density is decreased if water temperature is below 4 °C. This is why ice floats on water surface and what makes life possible. Recent very interesting studies have been made that point out the ability of water to store and transfer information. Aquaphotomics studies a so-far unknown world of water in a scientific way. There seems to be an influence on water and its structure through words, music, DNA, etc., via electromagnetic signals. The last four decades gave us an interesting insight through some interesting experiments. This should guide us not just to see the water in its chemical composition, but to see its spatial order of molecules too. Having this knowledge we should examine ourselves, fundamentally, based on the information we share and transmit. All human communication, negative or positive, and human action with and towards water can be reflected in the functioning of the human organism, other living beings, and the ecosystems that they are part of and interfere in.
Study of antimicrobial use in paediatric inpatients in a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad, India

Background: Inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics are important factors leading to increased bacterial resistance apart from increased risk of adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to derive antibiotic use percentage, study its pattern and compare antibiotic prescribing indicators with standard indicators.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from 1st August 2018 to 31st July 2019 on paediatric inpatients from 1 month to 14 years. All the relevant data was taken from the case records of patients at the time of discharge. The data included: age, sex, hospital stay, clinical diagnosis and details of antimicrobial treatment.Results: From 989 patients, 85.9% were diagnosed with infectious illness, of which 60.1% had viral and 36.7% had bacterial infection. The use of antimicrobial drugs was 42.7% and antibiotics was 40.4%. The mean number of antibiotics received was 1.13±0.31. 90% patients received single antibiotic. 88.8% drugs were prescribed by generic name and 99% drugs were prescribed from essential drug formulary. 17 different antibiotics were used out of which ceftriaxone (62.5%) was the most commonly used. Groupwise, antibiotic use was cephalosporins (68.4%), penicillin (20.2%), aminoglycosides (4.31%), fluoroquinolones (0.9%) and macrolides (0.22%). The use of higher antibiotics like vancomycin (3.86%) and carbapenems (0.68%) was quite less.Conclusions: The antibiotic use in our hospital was higher than the WHO standard but less as compared to majority of other studies. Use of cephalosporins was more and penicillin was less as compared to other studies. This suggests that there is a need of implementing antibiotic stewardship programs to enhance rational antibiotic prescribing.
Disponibilidad de nitrógeno y rendimiento de biomasa de Ricinus communis L. fertilizado con biosólidos

Un criterio para estimar la dosis de aplicación de biosólidos en suelos agrícolas es el nitrógeno disponible y el requerimiento del cultivo. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la disponibilidad de nitrógeno de dos biosólidos generados a partir de sistemas de tratamiento diferente y su efecto sobre el rendimiento de aceite a partir de semilla de Ricinus communis L. Los tratamientos consistieron en tres fuentes de nitrógeno (N) y tres dosis, además de un testigo sin N. Las fuentes de N fueron: sulfato de amonio (SA), biosólidos de lagunas de oxidación (BLO) y biosólidos de lodos activados (BLA). El SA se consideró como un testigo comercial. Las dosis de N fueron de 0, 3.79, 5.65 y 7.52 g maceta-1, que corresponden a 67%, 100% y 133% del requerimiento de N del cultivo (RNC), respectivamente. Se estableció el experimento en invernadero bajo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones, donde la unidad experimental fue una planta por maceta. La disponibilidad de nitrógeno se estimó mediante el método de equivalencia de fertilizante (EF). La materia seca (MS) fue estadísticamente similar entre los tratamientos, siendo diferentes del testigo (p< 0.05). La MS y la extracción de N mostraron una respuesta cuadrática en función a las dosis de N aplicado. La disponibilidad de N fue de 40.4 y 34.8% para los BLA y BLO, respectivamente.
Corporate boards and firm performance: a meta-analytic approach to examine the impact of contextual factors

PurposeCorporation's board (CB) is viewed as a vital internal corporate governance (CG) mechanism, playing a critical role in mitigating the agency problems and enhancing firm performance. Considering the mixed nature of extant CG literature on CB-firm performance link, this study aims to examine the impact of specific CB attributes on firm performance studied in varied contextual settings and investigates the moderating effects of three contextual factors, i.e. legal origin, industry type and firm type on CB-performance relationships.Design/methodology/approachMeta-analysis technique suggested by Hedges and Olkin (1985) was used to analyse a sample of 330 effect sizes reported in 148 studies published between 2000 and 2020 in 85 peer-viewed journals, studying CB-performance associations across 31 countries. The analyses were conducted in two stages: first, the authors assessed the main effect of CB attributes on firm performance and tested the heterogeneity in effect size across the primary studies. In the next stage, the authors investigated the moderating variables accounting for this heterogeneity in the CB-firm performance relationship.FindingsBoard independence, board diversity, board size and role duality are the CB attributes, which significantly and positively impact firm performance. Further, the homogeneity tests revealed variability in effect size for all CB attributes except for board committees. Subgroup meta-analyses revealed that the contextual factors related to industry-type and firm-type are substantial explanatory source of heterogeneity in CB-performance association, though legal origin of firm also partially explains the heterogeneity in this relationship.Research limitations/implicationsOnly empirical research reporting Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients(r), as the effect size, were considered for this study. Some of the other CB attributes such as board composition, compensation structure of board members, performance evaluation and appointment process of board members were not included due to limited empirical research on these attributes.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for managers and policy makers for the development of effective corporate boards and CG mechanisms.Originality/valueThis paper integrates diverse empirical evidence on the associations of CB attributes with firm performance and systematically assesses the moderating factors that contributes to heterogeneity in these relationships.
IoT based Car Parking and Display System with Minimized Parking Time using Raspberry Pi

—In this research paper, an IoT based cloud integrated smart parking system is presented with raspberry Pi and the model is experimentally verified using Telnet app. The proposed smart parking system consists of an on-site deployment of an IoT module that is used to monitor and signalize the state of availability of each single parking space. A mobile application is also provided that allows an end user to check the availability of parking space and book a parking slot accordingly. Moreover, an RFID tag is used in the work, which used to authenticate a user who reserves the parking slot on an hourly, daily, weekly or monthly basis. A scheduling algorithm is implemented to identify the nearest free slot based on the size of a vehicle. The owner of the parking space can get the analytics of the number of free and available slots for a given period, the occupancy rate on week days and weekend and the amount collected for a given period and can use it for fixing variable parking fees. The novel aspect of this work is the design of a mobile application to provide rich customer experience, thereby reducing the waiting time for the user in search of parking space. RFID technology is being used to avoid car theft.
ADJUSTMENT TO COLLEGE WORK AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA

Relocation can be a challenging and stressful experience for most international students. The demands of cultural adjustments frequently place international students at greater risk for various psychological problems than students in general. This research aims to describe the relationship between adjustment to college work problems and psychological distress. A cross-sectional survey with a self-completion questionnaire was conducted in a convenience sample of international students in Universitas Indonesia. Using convenience sampling, 107 international students (51.4% male, mean age = 25.7 years, SD = 5.65) completed the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25), a measurement of psychological distress, and the Mooney Problem Checklist – Adjustment to College Work scale as a measurement of adjustment to college work. Using the HSCL-25 score 1.75 as a cut-off, 28 participants (26.2%) reports a high psychological distress level. Pearson correlation demonstrates that there is no significant correlation between adjustment to college work problems and psychological distress. Further analysis for each adjustment-problem item was carried out to explore specific academic problems faced by international students. We found that the problems “Worrying about examination” (r = .194, p < .05) and “Fearing in failure in college” (r = .218 p < .05) were significantly associated with psychological distress. It is advisable for education institutions that accept international students to provide academic counselors or train local students to help international students.