Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative effect of the three rodenticides warfarin, difenacoum and brodifacoum on eight rodent species in short feeding periods

Summary Short laboratory feeding tests were carried out with the anticoagulants warfarin, difenacoum, and brodifacoum on a number of European rodent species: Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus agrestis, M. arvalis, Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, Mus musculus, Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus. It was found that the toxicity to all species was highest with brodifacoum and lowest with warfarin, and that only 0·005% brodifacoum would give a complete mortality in most species after one day's feeding. The potential of this compound for the control of microtine field rodents is suggested.
Inquirers: A general model of non-ideal rational agents

Doxastic logics have been widely used to model the reasoning processes that a rational agent may perform on its beliefs. The possible worlds model and the Kripke semantics provide an intuitive semantics to doxastic formulas, but they may only be used to model ideal agents. A different model is proposed in this article. In this new approach, the consistent and complete standard possible worlds are replaced by conceï able situations, that are those scenarios that the modelled agent is capable of considering, regardless of their partiality or inconsistency. A general class of non-ideal reasoners, the rational inquirers, is defined, and it is shown how the evolution of the beliefs of this kind of agents, caused by a multidimensional dynamic analysis, may be modelled in the framework of conceivable situations. Q 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hepatotoxicity of the Methanol Extract of Carica papaya. (Paw-Paw) Seeds in Wistar Rats

Abstract Activity of Carica papaya. Linn. (commonly known as paw-paw.) seed extract in liver physiology of albino (Wistar) rats was studied. The MeOH extract of C. papaya. seeds were Soxhlet extracted. Tolerated doses of C. papaya. were estimated in acute toxicity studies and administered orally, single or repeated doses, for 30 days to adult male rats weighing between 190 and 200 g, which were divided into four groups of five rats per group. Group 1 received 10 mg/kg; group 2 received 50 mg/kg; group 3 received 200 mg/kg; group 4 received normal saline (1 ml/rat) as control. Twenty-four hours after treatments, the animals of all groups were sacrificed and blood samples collected by heart puncture into centrifugal tubes. The blood samples were allowed to coagulate before centrifuged at 400 rpm at 4°C for 15 min to separate the serum for enzyme assays. A portion of liver was cut off and fixed in 10% normal saline. The result showed that C. papaya. seed extract treatments caused elevation of rat serum levels of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate amino transferase (AST). Also revealed was mild to severe metaplasia of hepatocytes in a dose-related manner as well as proliferation of Kupfer cells and hepatic cells cirrhosis. These biochemical and pathological changes indicated liver cell damage and malfunction. These results, therefore, suggest that seeds of C. papaya. should be used in herbal medicine with care to avoid toxicity.
Studies on a Maize Mutant Sensitive to Low Temperature II. Chloroplast Structure, Development, and Physiology.

In the Zea mays L. mutant M11 grown in the dark at 15 degrees , the ultrastructure of the etioplast is abnormal. The pigment content of the etioplasts is reduced but the in vivo absorption characteristics suggest that the normal protochlorophyll (ide)-holochrome is present. The lowered synthetic ability of the etioplasts is not primarily due to a reduced complement of plastid ribosomes. The plastids of mutant M11 grown in the light at 15 degrees contain little pigment, are markedly deficient in ribosomes and their ultrastructure is abnormal. In mutant M11 grown at 15 degrees , an extreme sensitivity of the plastid membranes to light was observed.
Ransomware Attack on Medstar: Ethical Position statement

Medstar Health was the target of ransomware attack in 2016. The attack impacted the provision of healthcare services to the patient. Medstar opted not to pay the ransom and, instead, responded by shutting down its electronic medical record (EMR) systems and restoring the data from the backups. The paper analyzes the event, Medstar’s response and its negligent behavior that allowed the vulnerability to be exploited. The author provides an ethical position statement and recommendation to reduce the chances of any future attacks.
ome / Archives / Vol 1 No 2 (2018): Regular Issue / Articles CREATING MSMEs GOVERNANCE INDICATORS, AS EVALUATION TOOLS AND REFERENCE IN CREATING A GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia have difficulties in developing their business, this is due to a lack of knowledge and references about good governance concepts for MSMEs. Base on that phenomenon, this study aims to find the right indicators, to be used as a reference for MSME in improving good governance. Using experimental research methods, we found several good governance indicators for MSMEs: (1) Transparency: Transparency of financial statements through separation of company and personal finance, transparency of rights and obligations of employees, (2) Accountability: Human resources function, marketing function, financial function and operation function (3) Responsibility: business legality, waste management and Product Certification, (4) Independency: Profitability and autonomy in managing the business, (5) fairness: Equal opportunity in a company career and a fair compensation system. This indicator is implemented in the evaluation process of MSMEs, The result show that MSMEs with better governance score, able to survive and improve its performance while MSMEs with bad score go bankrupt. These results prove that these indicators can be used as an evaluation tool and can be a reference for MSMEs in creating good governance.
Role of Demand Forecasting and Lead Time on Waste in Supply Chain: A Case Study in Diyala Health Sector-Iraq

Supply Chain Management (SCM) in the healthcare sector is extremely important since it provides all requirements of patients' service. So, this paper tries to illustrate the role of demand forecasting and lead time on waste. The demand forecasting has to be precise as much as possible to avoid surplus and shortage of medicines and pharmaceutical supplies which cause several kinds of waste like inventory, over-processes, waiting and transportation. So, the main aim of this study is to figure out types of waste which can be created in pharmaceutical supply chain because of demand forecasting and lead time, and present some recommendations to improve the current situation. This study has been conducted by case study in the pharmaceutical supply chain in Diyala province-Iraq by unstructured interviews with 15 drug store and pharmacy directors, and website. The results refer to that using demand forecasting for long-term causes surplus or shortage in some types of drugs and pharmaceutical supplies because of ambiguous future after long time, especially when the security situation is unstable which cause several types of waste in supply chain such as, inventory, over-processes, waiting and transportation which affect health service and economy at the same time, also, lack of use of modern information and communication systems affect visibility, consequently, forecasting accuracy. 
Population Social Structure Facilitates Indirect Fitness Benefits from Extra-Pair Mating

Despite decades of research, empirical support for the ‘compatible genes’ and ‘good genes’ hypotheses as explanations for adaptive female extra-pair mating remains discordant. One largely un-tested theoretical prediction that could explain equivocal findings is that mating for compatible genes benefits should reduce selection for good genes. However, this prediction does not consider demographic parameters, such as social structuring, that can indirectly influence extra-pair paternity (EPP) outcomes. Drawing on evidence from a previous study, we re-evaluate this hypothesis whilst considering social structuring in a population of tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae, a socially monogamous passerine. Previous research has found possible evidence for mating for good genes because male ornament size correlates with EPP success in this population. Here, we test whether non-random inbreeding of social-pairs indirectly provides the opportunity to gain compatibility benefits from EPP, and thus whether selection for compatible genes and good genes can operate simultaneously. We found that 1) social mates were more closely related than expected through random mating, 2) extra-pair males were less closely related to females than were the females’ within-pair mates, and 3) genetically dissimilar males sired offspring with faster growth rates. These results demonstrate that females gain compatible genes benefits from EPP. However, contrary to the compatible genes hypothesis, females in highly-related pairs did not engage more frequently in extra-pair mating. Together with previous research investigating female mate choice in this population, our findings suggest that social pairings between relatives provide a pathway for females to gain compatible genes benefits whilst engaging in extra-pair mating for good genes. This study provides evidence that some fitness benefits from EPP arise automatically through non-random social mating rather than through direct selection on extra-pair mate choice. We argue that when variance in compatibility benefits is an outcome of population structuring, compatible genes benefits need not be gained at the expense of good genes benefits.
Food Environment as a Determinant of Vegetable Availability and Intake among Resettled African Refugees in Southeast Queensland, Australia

African humanitarian immigrants arriving in Australia encounter a new living environment, which includes the food environment that differs considerably from what they experienced in their home countries and countries of transition. Adapting to this new environment and how this adaptation to the food environment is done influences their home food availability and their dietary habits. Environments influence behaviour while at the same time individuals also influence their environment. The study was guided by the socio-ecological model and examined how the layers within the environment (interpersonal, intrapersonal, institutional, community and public policy) affected the resettled refugees vegetable intake and home vegetable availability. The main aim of this research was to investigate the food environments of Burundian, Congolese and Rwandan refugees resettled in Southeast Queensland in order to understand the factors within these food environments that influence their home vegetable availability and vegetable consumption.
Post-regulation effect on factors driving environmental disclosures among Chinese listed firms

Purpose The purpose of this study is to re-examine the factors that affect the level of environmental information disclosures (EID) following the issuance of the “Environmental Information Disclosure Guidelines for Chinese Listed Companies”. Design/methodology/approach The study is underpinned by stakeholder and legitimacy theories. Level of EID was measured for 100 Chinese companies using a scoring system and content analysis of their annual reports. The study explored the effect of ownership structure, managerial shareholding, economic power and industry classification on the level of EID using panel regression. Findings The study revealed that with clearly spelt out guidelines, Chinese companies are prepared to disclose environmental information regardless of their economic power. It was found that the overall level of EID in China remains lower than in developed economies. The findings are robust across several econometric models that sufficiently address various endogeneity problems. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing literature by using new and updated data to re-examine the factors that affect the level of EID among Chinese listed companies. The study is important and timely as it covers the period 2014-2016, which is after the Chinese Government strengthened the enforcement of EID. It highlights the effects of new regulations and underscored areas that still require government attention to foster effective environmental protection.
Clustering of image features based on contact and occlusion among robot body and objects

This paper presents a recognition framework for a robot without predefined knowledge on its environment. Image features (keypoints) are clustered based on statistical dependencies with respect to their motions and occlusions. Estimation of conditional probability is used to evaluate statistical dependencies among configuration of robot and features in images. Features that move depending on the configuration of the robot can be regarded as part of robot's body. Different kinds of occlusion can happen depending on relative position of robot hand and objects. Those differences can be expressed as different structures of `dependency network' in the proposed framework. The proposed recognition was verified by experiment using a humanoid robot equipped with camera and arm. It was first confirmed that part of the robot body was autonomously extracted without any a priori knowledge using conditional probability. In the generation of dependency network, different structures of networks were constructed depending on position of the robot hand relative to an object.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE SUPRAORBITAL (NASAL) GLANDS FROM SALINE-FED AND FRESHWATER-FED DOMESTIC DUCKS (ANAS PLATYRHYNCHUS).

The structure and functional significance of the supraorbital (nasal) glands of birds have been investigated by a number of workers (Schmidt-Nielsen & Sladen, 1958; Fange, Schmidt-Nielsen & Osaki, 1958; Scothorne, 1958, 1959a, b, c, 1960; Schmidt-Nielsen, 1960; Doyle, 1960); and evidence of a relationship between the ability of these glands to excrete electrolytes and the secretions of the adrenal cortex has been obtained in seagulls and domestic ducks (Holmes, Butler & Phillips, 1961; Holmes, Phillips & Butler, 1961; Phillips, Holmes & Butler, 1961; Phillips & Bellamy, 1962). The present study was designed to investigate the structure of nasal glands from ducks fed with either saline or fresh water in order to assess any changes attributable to functional activity, and, in view of the probable implication of the adrenal gland in their activity, to look in addition at the structure of the adrenals. of twenty 12-week-old male domestic of the Pekin White commer-cial 'duck-grower and either (control ducks) NaCl (Expt. killed by decapitation, trimmed free of connective torsion balance. showing intense staining of chromaffin cells by tolui- dine whereas the cortical tissue is virtually unstained. Nucleoli of both cell types show strong positive staining.
An integrated inductor for parallel interleaved VSCs connected in a whiffletree configuration

The quality of voltage waveform of the parallel connected inverters can be improved by interleaving the carrier signals. However, an additional coupled inductors (CIs) are required to suppress the circulating current between the interleaved VSCs and often connected in a whiffletree configuration. The integration of the line filter inductor and the coupled inductors in a single magnetic component for such systems is proposed. The fundamental frequency component of the flux is confined to the limbs around which the coils are placed, whereas other parts only experiences high frequency flux excitation. As a result, the inductor can be made smaller. The inductor is analyzed and performance is verified by simulation and experimental studies.
What Academic Administrators Should Know To Attract Senior Level Faculty Members to Online Learning Environments.

The purpose of this article is to present findings of a focus group study used to design a survey instrument for applications in future studies to determine factors of influence that inspire senior faculty members to participate in course delivery through online learning environments (OLE). Much of the general research that is available, identifies concerns such as monetary compensation, and concerns for technological savvy, however these concerns are not true for all faculty members. The differing motivational factors (as they have emerged in the literature) have shown to be related to faculty appointment levels and years of service, which seem to play an important role in identifying how administrators can encourage these seasoned instructors to participate in the online learning environments. The article concludes with discussion points to encourage academic administrators to consider the merits of senior level faculty member inclusion into online learning environment delivery formats.
Commodity Murababah Islamic home finance in dealing with abandoned housing projects in Malaysia: Features, Issues & Prospects

Islamic Banking has been established since 1980s in Malaysia. It was initially commenced with the incorporation of Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB) in 1983. Until today, Islamic Banking has robustly developed in Malaysia providing various kinds of Islamic transaction products including Islamic home finance. Various Islamic Home Finance products have been introduced and practised in Malaysia. Among the products are: Bay’ Bithaman al-Ajil ('BBA‘), Musharakah al-Mutanaqisah ('MM‘), Commodity Murabahah ('CM‘) and Ijarah Mausufah Fi Zimmah('IMFZ'). Nonetheless, there are many issues in these products when faced with the problems of abandoned housing projects in Malaysia. One of the issues is the inadequacy of the Islamic Home Finance products to deal with the issues of abandoned housing and give equitable and fair terms to the aggrieved purchaser consumers. This paper aims to highlight and study the terms in CM and how this Islamic Home Finance product deals with the problems of abandoned housing projects. The focus of this paper is the CM as applied by Bank Kerjasama Rakyat Malaysia Berhad ('BKRMB‘) in Malaysia. This paper used shariah (Islamic Law) and legal doctrinal and qualitative textual analysis methodologies.This paper finds that the current applicable terms in CM as practised by BKRMB in Malaysia are inadequate and warranted them to be replaced with terms that can provide equitable protection to the aggrieved purchaser consumers in abandoned housing projects thus can fully comply with the requirements of the shariah (Islamic Law). The outcome of this paper will help the Islamic banking industry in dealing with issues of in abandoned housing projects in Malaysia and provide protection to the aggrieved purchaser consumers.
MIST VR: a virtual reality trainer for laparoscopic surgery assesses performance.

The introduction of a mandatory Basic Surgical Skills Course (BSSC), by The Royal College of Surgeons of England underlines the need for objective assessment of trainees' manual dexterity. The BSSC includes a laparoscopic surgery module where the trainees perform various basic tasks using traditional laparoscopic trainers. There is a need to provide a more objective scoring in order to assess and monitor ability and progress, since existing assessments rely on qualitative judgements. The MIST VR (Minimally Invasive Surgery Trainer -Virtual Reality) system has been specifically designed to provide trainees with a realistic and assessable environ, A ment. MIST VR has been developed as part of a joint venture between the Wolfson Centre and VR Solutions (1). It allows suitable tasks to be performed using standard laparoscopic instruments. The system comprises of a 200 MHz Pentium® PC with a 32 Mb RAM. This is linked to a jig containing two laparoscopic instruments held in position-sensing gimbals with 60 of freedom (Fig. 1). The movement of the instruments is translated as a real-time graphical display of the instruments. An accurately scaled operating volume of 10 cm3 is represented by a three-dimensional cube on the computer screen. The overall image size and the sizes of the target objects can be varied for different skill levels I as well as 'camera' zoom. Targets appear randomly within Figure 1. MIST VR trainer: two laparoscopic instruiments -c -Jr--_on a jig with motion-detecting potentiometers linked to the PC.
Regulation of an Early Developmental Checkpoint in the B Cell Pathway by Igβ

Many of the cell fate decisions in precursor B cells and more mature B cells are controlled by membrane immunoglobulin (Ig) M heavy chain (mμ) and the Igα-Igβ signal transducers. The role of Igβ in regulating early B cell development was examined in mice that lack Igβ (Igβ−/−). These mice had a complete block in B cell development at the immature CD43+B220+ stage. Immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity (DH) and joining (JH) segments rearranged, but variable (VH) to DJH recombination and immunoglobulin messenger RNA expression were compromised. These experiments define an unexpected, early requirement for Igβ to produce B cells that can complete VDJH recombination.
Visualization of episomal and integrated Epstein‐Barr virus DNA by fiber fluorescence in situ hybridization

For many Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated malignancies, it is still a matter of controversy whether infected cells harbor episomal or chromosomally integrated EBV genomes or both. It is well established that the expression of EBV genes per se carries oncogenic potential, but the discrimination between episomal and integrated forms is of great relevance because integration events can contribute to the oncogenic properties of EBV, whereas host cells that exclusively harbor viral episomes may not carry the risks mediated by chromosomal integration. This notion prompted us to establish a reliable technique that not only allows to unequivocally discriminate episomal from integrated EBV DNA, but also provides detailed insights into the genomic organization of the virus. Here, we show that dynamic molecular combing of host cell DNA combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using EBV‐specific DNA probes facilitate unambiguous discrimination of episomal from integrated viral DNA. Furthermore, the detection of highly elongated internal repeat 1 (IR1) sequences provides evidence that this method permits detection of major genomic alterations within the EBV genome. Thus, fiber FISH may also provide valuable insights into the genomic organization of viral genomes other than EBV. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Behaviors of the “Raman Spectroscopic Signature of Life” in Single Living Fission Yeast Cells under Different Nutrient, Stress, and Atmospheric Conditions

Time- and space-resolved Raman spectra of mitochondria in single living fission yeast cells have been measured under various nutrient, stress, and atmospheric conditions. A focus is placed on the behavior of the Raman band located at 1602 cm−1, which sensitively reflects the metabolic activity in mitochondria and which has been called by us the “Raman spectroscopic signature of life”. Addition of nutrients increases the intensity of this band by ∼1.5 times, confirming its correlation with the metabolic activity in mitochondria. The spectra of cells cultured under 100% N2, 100% O2, and N2/O2 (VN2:VO2 ≅ 4:1) atmospheres have been measured for both 16O2 and 18O2. Yeast cells have been found to lose their metabolic activity after the culture under 100% N2 and 100% O2 atmospheres. Cells cultured under a N2/16O2 (16O2 = 20%) atmosphere show strong “Raman spectroscopic signature of life”. No 18O isotopic shift has been found for the wavenumber 1602 cm−1, indicating that the origin of this signature is neither O2 nor an O-containing small molecule. Addition of H2O2 causes a quick decrease of the “Raman spectroscopic signature of life”, followed by the cis–trans isomerization in the unsaturated phospholipid chain. The “Raman spectroscopic signature of life” has thus been proved to be a reliable real-time and in vivo indicator for monitoring the metabolic activity in living cells.