Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stroke incidence and prevalence in Europe: a review of available data

Reliable data on stroke incidence and prevalence are essential for calculating the burden of stroke and the planning of prevention and treatment of stroke patients. In the current study we have reviewed the published data from EU countries, Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland, and provide WHO estimates for stroke incidence and prevalence in these countries. Studies on stroke epidemiology published in peer‐reviewed journals during the past 10 years were identified using Medline/PubMed searches, and reviewed using the structure of WHO's stroke component of the WHO InfoBase. WHO estimates for stroke incidence and prevalence for each country were calculated from routine mortality statistics. Rates from studies that met the ‘ideal’ criteria were compared with WHO's estimates. Forty‐four incidence studies and 12 prevalence studies were identified. There were several methodological differences that hampered comparisons of data. WHO stroke estimates were in good agreement with results from ‘ideal’ stroke population studies. According to the WHO estimates the number of stroke events in these selected countries is likely to increase from 1.1 million per year in 2000 to more than 1.5 million per year in 2025 solely because of the demographic changes. Until better and more stroke studies are available, the WHO stroke estimates may provide the best data for understanding the stroke burden in countries where no stroke data currently exists. A standardized protocol for stroke surveillance is recommended.
An Intra-firm perspective on wage profiles and employment of older workers with special reference to human capital and deferred compensation

Human capital and deferred compensation might explain why firms employ but do not hire older workers. Adjustments of wage-tenure profiles for older new entrants are explored in the context of deferred compensation. From an equity theory perspective, such adjustments might lead to adverse incentive effects so that firms prefer to hire rather homogenous workers in terms of entry age. A personnel data set is analyzed which reveals that at least for white-collar workers entry age has a positive effect on entry wages and wage-tenure profiles are adjusted according to entry age.
Insulin secretion impairment and insulin sensitivity improvement in adult rats undernourished during early lactation.

In order to study the effect of undernutrition on the onset of disturbances in insulin secretion and insulin resistance, we compared the effects of a low protein diet containing 4% of protein (LPD) and a normal diet containing 25% of protein (NPD) supplied to the dams during the first 10 days of lactation when the pups turn into adults (90 days). We studies, in these rats, the insulin secretion, the glucose tolerance test (GTT) and, using the glucose clamp technique, the insulin resistance. The GTT showed a delay of the response of LPD group to the glucose challenge (1 mg/kg body weight) at 10 minutes (NPD = 450 +/- 27 mg/dl; LPD = 650 +/- 32 mg/dl, p < 0.01). The insulin secretion, four minutes after stimulation was found reduced in the LPD group (LPD = 1.1 +/- 0.08 microU/islet/min; NPD = 1.85 +/- 0.02 microU/islet/min, p < 0.01). Using the glucose clamp technique the plasma glucose concentration was raised during the first 20 minutes after the glucose stimulation with 10 mg/Kg-1.min-1 (NPD = 200 +/- 32 mg/dl and; LPD = 160 +/- 14 mg/dl., p < 0.01). Afterwards, the hyperglycemia was subsequently maintained (NPD = 154 +/- 9 mg/dl; LPD = 149 +/- 12 mg/dl) and the insulinemia was unchanged by infusion of glucose in the LPD group. In a similar experiment, the administration of glucose (10 mg/Kg-1. min-1) plus insulin (1.67 mU/Kg-1. min-1), the LPD group when compared with the NPD group, displayed an accentuated decreasing of glucose concentration level (LPD = 90 +/- 7 mg/dl; NPD = 130 +/- mg/dl., p < 0.01), 30 minutes after the infusion. The data suggest that undernutrition induces an adaptive process of insulin sensitivity which occurs together with an insulin secretion first phase blockage.
Effects of LSD on learning as measured by classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response.

Acquisition of the classically conditioned, nictitating membrane response was used to assess effects of LSD on learning. Tone and light conditioned stimuli (CS) were presented 800 msec before delivery of the unconditioned stimulus, consisting of a 100 msec electric shock to the skin over the paraorbital region of the head. Extension of the membrane to the CSs in the 800 msec prior to shock onset was recorded as a conditioned response (CR), while extension to shock onset was recorded as an unconditioned response (UCR). LSD (1, 10, 30, 100 or 300 nmol/kg) was injected i.v. , 30 min before each daily conditioning session. Dosages of 1 to 100 nmol/kg of LSD produced a dose-dependent enhancement of CR acquisition. Acquisition to a criterion of 10 successive CRs required 184 trials at 30 nmol/kg of LSD as compared to 293 trials with controls. Separate groups of rabbits received explicity unpaired presentations of stimuli (tone alone, light alone and shock alone). The frequency of responding within 800 msec of CS onset or in the 800 msec before shock onset was low (2-3%) and was not affected by any dosage of LSD, indicating that the effects of LSD on acquisition were not due to sensitization, pseudoconditioning or changes in baseline responding. LSD also had no effect on UCR amplitude. Hence, the systematic effects of LSD on acquisition of CRs reflects the action of the drug on learning.
Knowledge of Financial Management Guidelines as a Correlate to Store Custody, Store Control, and Financial Accountability in Local Government Administration in Anambra State, Nigeria

The Local government system in Nigeria is facing a lot of problems. The most disturbing of these problems is that the local governments cannot engage in any development project due to several factors. One of such factors that is of interest to this paper is the question of financial management and the knowledge of the guidelines for financial management. This is why this study assessed the extent to which the knowledge of financial management guidelines can be considered as a correlate to financial accountability in Anambra state local government. Three hypotheses were proposed and tested. A quantitative research design was used for the study. The population for the study was made up of 9,881 staff working in the 21 local governments in the study area. The proportional stratified sampling technique was used to select six out of these 21 local governments. From a total of 2,803 staff working in the sampled local governments, 280 were sampled using purposive random sampling. Two instruments were developed for the study, namely, a questionnaire containing structured and unstructured items, and an interview guide. From the 280 staff sampled, four senior staff from each of the six local governments were interviewed. A total of 24 senior staff were interviewed while the remaining 256 staff responded to questionnaire items to generate data for this study. Data collected from the responses to the structured questionnaire were coded into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 16). The remaining data from the questionnaire, and the whole of the interview responses, were subjected to content analysis to identify emerging themes. The three hypotheses were tested at the significance level of 0.05 using Pearson Product Moments Correlation Coefficient (r). The study revealed the following: (a) the stores officers’ adherence to the guidelines in the Financial Memoranda is not dependent on their knowledge of these guidelines (r = -0.488); (b) the loss of funds observed in stores custody in Anambra state local governments is significantly related to non-adherence to the instructions and guidelines in the financial memoranda (r = 0.354); and (c) the level of adherence to the guidelines in the financial memoranda is positively related to the level of accountability of officers charged with stores in Anambra state local governments (r = 0.350). Keywords: Financial Management, Store Custody, Store Control, Financial Accountability, Local Government Administration, Nigeria
Factor influencing customer’s satisfaction towards technology based banking services

The purpose of this study is to find out the factors positively influencing customers satisfaction in using technology based banking services like internet banking, Mobile banking, telebanking, online banking and ATM/debit cards. Factor analysis took into account to identify the attributes, underlying construct and to investigate the relation among variables which were imagined to encourage customers in using technology based banking service. This paper employs a quantitative methodology; the data was collected through the customers of state bank of India, ICICI, HDFC and State bank of Hyderabad. The result indicates that reliability, responsiveness, convenience, information and security & trust are intangible factors and location of ATMs, No. of branches; bank timing and charges are tangible factors influencing in customer’s satisfaction towards technology based banking services.
Putative Cell Adhesion Membrane Protein Vstm5 Regulates Neuronal Morphology and Migration in the Central Nervous System

During brain development, dynamic changes in neuronal membranes perform critical roles in neuronal morphogenesis and migration to create functional neural circuits. Among the proteins that induce membrane dynamics, cell adhesion molecules are important in neuronal membrane plasticity. Here, we report that V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a cell-adhesion-like molecule belonging to the Ig superfamily, was found in mouse brain. Knock-down of Vstm5 in cultured hippocampal neurons markedly reduced the complexity of dendritic structures, as well as the number of dendritic filopodia. Vstm5 also regulates neuronal morphology by promoting dendritic protrusions that later develop into dendritic spines. Using electroporation in utero, we found that Vstm5 overexpression delayed neuronal migration and induced multiple branches in leading processes during corticogenesis. These results indicate that Vstm5 is a new cell-adhesion-like molecule and is critically involved in synaptogenesis and corticogenesis by promoting neuronal membrane dynamics. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal migration and morphogenesis play critical roles in brain development and function. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a putative cell adhesion membrane protein, modulates both the position and complexity of central neurons by altering their membrane morphology and dynamics. Vstm5 is also one of the target genes responsible for variations in patient responses to treatments for major depressive disorder. Our results provide the first evidence that Vstm5 is a novel factor involved in the modulation of the neuronal membrane and a critical element in normal neural circuit formation during mammalian brain development.
Successful bone marrow transplantation in sensitized aplastic anemia patients using total lymphoid irradiation for conditioning: long‐term follow‐up

Between June 1986 and November 1994, 22 previously transfused patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) were treated with high‐dose cyclophosphamide (CY) (50 mg/kg over 4 consecutive days) and 7 Gy total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) in two fractions before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA‐identical sibling. Graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included the combination of methotrexate and cyclosporine A in all cases. Actuarial survival at 5 years is 73±9 per cent for the entire group and 86±13 per cent for the seven patients ⩽18 years. The incidence of graft failure was 0 per cent, and of acute GVHD and chronic GVHD was 31·5 per cent and 24 per cent respectively. Prolonged interval from diagnosis to BMT adversely influenced survival (P=0·03). No hypothyroidism or secondary malignancies have been documented in this series. Our findings indicate that survival with CY‐TLI is comparable to that obtained using preparative regimens without radiation. The changing role of radiotherapy in pretransplant immunosuppression for SAA is discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NKG2D ligation relieves 2B4‐mediated NK‐cell self‐tolerance in mice

Along with MHC class I (MHCI), 2B4 provides nonredundant NK‐cell inhibition in mice. The immunoregulatory role of 2B4 has been increasingly appreciated in models of tumor and viral infection, however, the interactions among 2B4, MHCI, and other activating NK‐cell receptors remain uncertain. Here, we dissect the influence of two distinct inhibitory pathways in modulating NK‐cell‐mediated control of tumors expressing strong activating ligands, including RAE‐1γ. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo peritoneal clearance assays using MHCI+CD48+ (RMA‐neo), MHCI+CD48+RAE‐1γ (RMA‐RAE‐1γ), MHCI−CD48+ (RMA‐S‐neo), and MHCI−CD48+RAE‐1γ (RMA‐S‐RAE‐1γ) tumor lines demonstrated that NKG2D activation supersedes the inhibitory effect of both 2B4‐ and MHCI‐mediated immune‐tolerance systems. Furthermore, 2B4KO mice subcutaneously challenged with RMA‐neo and RMA‐S‐neo exhibited reduced tumor growth and significantly prolonged survival compared with WT mice, implying that 2B4 is constitutively engaged in the NK‐cell tolerance mechanism in vivo. Nevertheless, the inhibitory effect of 2B4 is significantly attenuated when NK cells encountered highly stressed tumor cells expressing RAE‐1γ, resulting in an immune response shift toward NK‐cell activation and tumor regression. Therefore, our data highlight the importance of the 2B4‐mediated inhibitory system as an alternate self‐tolerance mechanism, whose role can be modulated by the strength of activating receptor signaling within the tumor microenvironment.
Determinants of Industrial Property Transfer to the Productive Sector in Colombian Public Universities

The Colombian public university poses diverse obstacles to efficiently interact with the production sector; some of these are related to their internal capacities, but others to the regulatory framework that governs them, as well as the conditions of the context. The aim of this article was to make evident the factors that have influenced upon the university transference of industrial property onto the productive sector. For this, a literature and documentary review was conducted of national and international experiences in transference starting from patents and utility models; semi-structured interviews were carried out in three Colombian public universities of the chiefs of liaison units, innovators who have developed patents, and personnel in companies benefitting from the transference. It was found that although during the last decade processes to transfer research results have improved, work is still needed on the appropriation of knowledge by the beneficiaries because in most cases they are not involved with the process from the beginning, it is still in the development stage, or research processes have been closed without the culmination of transference.
Surround suppression by high spatial frequency stimuli in the cat primary visual cortex

Surround suppression is a phenomenon whereby stimulation of the extraclassical receptive field suppressively modulates the visual responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) (also known as area 17). It is known that surround suppression tunes to spatial frequencies (SFs) that are much lower and broader than the frequencies to which the classical receptive field tunes. In this study, we tested the effects of varying SFs on surround suppression by using a circular sinusoidal grating patch that covered both the classical receptive field and the extraclassical receptive field. Using area‐summation tuning curves, we found high‐SF‐tuned surround suppression in the cat V1. This high‐SF‐tuned surround suppression causes the SF tuning to shift to low SF for large stimuli. By simulating a model neuron lacking a suppressive surround mechanism, we confirmed that these preferred SF shifts do not occur in the absence of surround suppression. We surmise that the high‐SF‐tuned suppression, which shifts the preferred SF according to size, functionally contributes to the scale‐invariant processing of visual images in V1.
Increased intracellular triglyceride in C(2)C(12) muscle cells transfected with human lipoprotein lipase.

Much of the knowledge about the cell biology of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in vitro has been gained from adipose tissue model systems. However, the importance of skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase (SMLPL) to both lipoprotein and muscle metabolism remains unclear. Although the production of LPL in cultured myocytes has been documented, the amount of enzyme activity produced is small. To develop a more suitable tissue culture model for SMLPL, mouse C(2)C(12) myoblasts were stably transduced with a retroviral vector encoding the full-length human LPL (hLPL) cDNA. Control cells were transduced with a vector encoding beta-galactosidase. LPL expression was assayed as a function of cell growth by measuring LPL activity on days 3, 7, 9, 11, and 14 after subculture. The hLPL-transduced myoblasts increasingly overexpressed both heparin-releasable (HR) and intracellular (IN) LPL activity compared to nontransduced myoblasts (P < 0.001 at Day 11) and myoblasts transduced with the control vector (P < 0.001 at Day 11). This increase occurred while LPL mRNA levels remained stable between days 3 and 14. As expected, IN LPL activity was also increased in the transduced cells. High levels of LPL activity were also obtained after differentiating the C(2)C(12) cells into myotubes by serum deprivation. Additionally, throughout the time course, C(2)/LPL cells had greater amounts of intracellular triglyceride than both the C(2)C(12) and the C(2)/beta-GEO cells (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively) with the largest differences seen on day 14 of the time course (P = 0.001, C(2)/LPL vs C(2)C(12) (r) or C(2)/beta-GEO cells). Thus, C(2)C(12) myoblasts stably transduced with hLPL markedly overexpressed both HR and IN LPL activity compared to control cells which, in turn, was associated with increases in intracellular triglyceride content. Because LPL regulation in tissues is mostly posttranslational, this new in vitro model will permit the in-depth study of the posttranslational regulation of SMLPL and provide new insights into the fate of lipoprotein-derived fatty acids in muscle.
Ecological priming: Convergent evidence for the link between ecology and psychological processes

Abstract This commentary describes the use of ecological priming methods to address the limitations of the correlational research discussed in the target article. We provide examples from our own work on cultural tightness–looseness to illustrate how we can bring ecological and societal conditions into the laboratory in order to study the impact of ecological threats on psychological processes experimentally.
Dasatinib in high-risk core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: a French Acute Myeloid Leukemia Intergroup trial

Core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia is a favorable acute myeloid leukemia subset cytogenetically defined by t(8;21) or inv(16)/t(16;16) rearrangements, disrupting RUNX1 (previously CBFA/AML1) or CBFB transcription factor functions. The receptor tyrosine kinase KIT is expressed in the vast majority of these acute myeloid leukemias and frequent activating KIT gene mutations have been associated with a higher risk of relapse. This phase II study aimed to evaluate dasatinib as maintenance therapy in patients with core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia in first hematologic complete remission, but at higher risk of relapse due to molecular disease persistence or recurrence. A total of 26 patients aged 18–60 years old previously included in the CBF-2006 trial were eligible to receive dasatinib 140 mg daily if they had a poor initial molecular response (n=18) or a molecular recurrence (n=8). The tolerance of dasatinib as maintenance therapy was satisfactory. The 2-year disease-free survival in this high-risk population of patients was 25.7%. All but one patient with molecular recurrence presented subsequent hematologic relapse. Patients with slow initial molecular response had a similar disease-free survival when treated with dasatinib (40.2% at 2 years) or without any maintenance (50.0% at 2 years). The disappearance of KIT gene mutations at relapse suggests that clonal devolution may in part explain the absence of efficacy observed with single-agent dasatinib in these patients (n. EudraCT: 2006-006555-12).
Dietary polyunsaturated fats

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The raising treatment of the predicate complements In mainstream

This paper briefly presents the canonical HPSG treatment of predicate complements (Section 1) and points out a number of problems with it (Section 2). Then it presents an alternative (Section 3) and shows how it avoids or solves the problems with the canonical treatment (Section 4). 1 The raising treatment of the predicate complements In mainstream HPSG predicate complements are treated along the same lines as complements of raising verbs. Prima facie evidence is provided by the minimal pairs in (1) and (2). (1) a. John seems to be a nice guy. b. John seems a nice guy. (2) a. Bob considers his brother to be a genius. b. Bob considers his brother a genius. After analogy with the analysis of (1a), in which the unexpressed subject of the VP complement is identified with the subject of the raising verb, as illustrated in (3), the NP complement in (1b) is assumed to have an unexpressed subject, which is identified with the subject of the predicate selecting verb, as illustrated in (4). 1 (3) S[SUBJ , COMPS ]
Measurement and Meaningful Management

It is commonly assumed that management is responsible for the performance of a system. Since measurement is closely identified with management intentions and practices, as the latter change, the former requires adaptation. Shifts in the reality of the workplace will have implications for performance assessment and implementation. One of the major implications of ongoing changes in the workplace is that traditional measurement systems are becoming more complex. It no longer suffices for a measurement system to be valid; it must also be legitimate and functional. Three conditions-validity, legitimacy, and functionality-have to be considered simultaneously for a performance measurement system to be "fit for use. " Each dimension shifts with changes in the environment. Performance measurement systems that do not take these shifts into account will eventually get out of sync with management ends. It is therefore necessary to continuously adapt measures and measurement practices to the changing requirements of systems and their environment.