Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of glucose supplements on the fermentation of xylose by Pachysolen tannophilus

Hemicellulosic sugars, predominantly D‐xylose, comprise about one‐half the total carbohydrate that can be obtained from hardwoods and agricultural residues through dilute acid hydrolysis. Because rates and yields in the xylose fermentation are low, economic utilization of these materials as fermentation feedstocks is difficult. Pachysolen tannophilus formed 5.5% ethanol from 12% glucose but only 2% ethanol from 12% xylcose. Aeration doubled the specific rate of D‐glucose fermentation by P. tannophilus, as compared to anaerobic fermentation, but the specific rate of the xylose fermentation remained unchanged. Periodic additions of 0.5% D‐glucose to aerobic fermentations of 3% xylose increased the yield of ethanol from 0.28 g/g xylose to greater than 0.41 g/g xylose utilized. The rate of xylose utilization remained unchanged, and radiotracer studies showed that addition of 0.5% glucose did not inhibit xylose utilization under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. No enhancement was observed anaerobically, nor was enhancement observed with acid hydrolysates, apparently because of the presence of acetic acid which inhibited growth and fermentation.
A cosmology of datatypes : reusability and dependent types

This dissertation defends the idea of a closed dependent type theory whose inductive types are encoded in a universe. Each inductive definition arises by interpreting its description – itself a firstclass citizen in the type theory. Datatype-generic programming thus becomes ordinary programming. This approach is illustrated by several generic programs. We then introduce an elaboration of inductive definitions down to the universe of datatypes. By elaborating an inductive definition – a syntactic artefact – to its code – its type theoretic denotation – we obtain an internalised account of inductive types inside type theory. This is a small step toward bootstrapping, i.e. implementing the inductive fragment in the type theory itself. Building upon this universe of datatypes, ornaments let us treat datatypes as the combination of a structure and a logic: they relate datatypes through their common structure. We set out to rationalise this calculus of structures. We study a categorical model of ornaments, based on Cartesian morphisms of containers. We also illustrate the adequacy of our model by recasting the standard idioms into the categorical mould, and by translating the discovered categorical structures into type theoretic artefacts. Nonetheless, the extreme accuracy of these finely indexed datatypes is a curse for code reuse. Similar functions must be duplicated across similarly structured – but logically incompatible – indexed datatypes. We shall see how code reuse can be achieved by ornamenting functions. We thus capture the relationship between functions such as the addition of natural numbers and the concatenation of lists. We also demonstrate how the implementation of the former informs the implementation of the latter.
Mapping the connections between education and dementia

Explanations for the association between educational attainment and the risk of dementia fall into three main categories. It may arise as an artefact of study methods; education may predict broader socioeconomic circumstances and exposures, or education may reflect brain reserve or cognitive capacity that protect against dementia. Data from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (N = 6646, giving 44,676 person-years of follow-up) are analyzed to test a series of hypotheses reflecting these explanations. Years of education showed a strong association with the risk of dementia (relative risk [RR] 2.1 for those with less than 6 years of education compared to those with 13 or more years; RR = 2.9 among survivors). Possible artefactual factors were detected, but were insufficient to invalidate the association. Adjustments for a range of other socioeconomic indicators, health problems and lifestyle factors reduced, but did not remove, the association. Adjustments for intelligence and for an indicator of lifetime mental activity also appeared to account for some but not all of the association. The conclusion is that there appears to be a real association between educational attainment and the risk of dementia 50 to 60 years later; this influence appears to run through a number of different, and sometimes complementary, pathways.
Demonstrating the Value of Gerontology in Troubled Times: Taking the Future Self Exercise From the Classroom to the Community

Gerontologists at state-funded universities are being challenged to demonstrate the value of their programs amid looming budget cuts. This article, third in a series reporting research and development of the Future Self exercise, suggests that the latest iteration of the exercise is an effective way to demonstrate the value of a gerontology program to community members. The article describes adaptation of the classroom exercise, and results of evaluation of presentations of the adapted exercise to 15 community and professional groups in Nebraska and Kansas during the past two years. Implications for future research and practice are identified.
Transverse load sensing by use of pi-phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings.

The birefringence of a pi -phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating can be determined with high accuracy by measurement of the polarization-induced spectral splitting of its narrow central transmission window. The use of this feature for sensing of a load applied in the direction transverse to the optical fiber is demonstrated. A distributed force resolution of 1.4x10(-3) N/mm was obtained, which corresponds to a difference in the principal strains of the fiber core of 0.5mu? We also show that the transverse load response of the sensor is insensitive to temperature.
Transmission through barriers and resonant tunneling in an interacting one-dimensional electron gas.

We study theoretically transport of a one-dimensional single-channel interacting electron gas through barriers or constrictions. We find that electrons with repulsive interactions, incident upon a single barrier, are completely reflected at zero temperature. At finite temperature (T), the conductance is shown to vanish as a power of T, and at zero temperature, power-law current-voltage characteristics are predicted. For attractive interactions, we predict perfect transmission at zero temperature, with similar power-law corrections. We also study resonant tunneling through a double-barrier structure and related erects associated with the Coulomb blockade
Color Pass: An intelligent user interface to resist shoulder surfing attack

Classical PIN entry mechanism is widely used for authenticating a user. It is a popular scheme because it nicely balances the usability and security aspects of a system. However, if this scheme is to be used in a public system then the scheme may suffer from shoulder surfing attack. In this attack, an unauthorized user can fully or partially observe the login session. Even the activities of the login session can be recorded which the attacker can use it later to get the actual PIN. In this paper, we propose an intelligent user interface, known as Color Pass to resist the shoulder surfing attack so that any genuine user can enter the session PIN without disclosing the actual PIN. The Color Pass is based on a partially observable attacker model. The experimental analysis shows that the Color Pass interface is safe and easy to use even for novice users.
Is photoinhibition of zooxanthellae photosynthesis the primary cause of thermal bleaching in corals?

The bleaching of corals in response to increases in temperature has resulted in significant coral reef degradation in many tropical marine ecosystems. This bleaching has frequently been attributed to photoinhibition of photosynthetic electron transport and the consequent photodamage to photosystem II (PSII) and the production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium spp.). However, these events may be because of perturbations of other processes occurring within the zooxanthellae or the host cells, and consequently constitute only secondary responses to temperature increase. The processes involved with the onset of photoinhibition of electron transport, photodamage to PSII and pigment bleaching in coral zooxanthellae are reviewed. Consideration is given to how increases in temperature might lead to perturbations of metabolic processes in the zooxanthellae and/or their host cells, which could trigger events leading to bleaching. It is concluded that production of ROS by the thylakoid photosynthetic apparatus in the zooxanthellae plays a major role in the onset of bleaching resulting from photoinhibition of photosynthesis, although it is not clear which particular ROS are involved. It is suggested that hydrogen peroxide generated in the zooxanthellae may have a signalling role in triggering the mechanisms that result in expulsion of zooxanthellae from corals.
On the Efficiency of Digital Back-Propagation for Mitigating SOA-Induced Nonlinear Impairments

We study the efficiency and numerical accuracy of two digital backpropagation schemes for post-compensating SOA-induced nonlinear impairments in the context of coherent receivers for advanced modulated formats. While the classical Runge-Kutta numerical techniques provide almost ideal post-compensation when the receiver sampling time tends to zero, this accuracy diminishes quickly as we approach realistic sampling times. At rates near Nyquist, despite much reduced complexity, our proposed digital filter back propagation technique outperforms Runge-Kutta techniques in terms of root mean square (rms) residual distortion. We quantify rms residual distortion for both methods as sampling time varies. We also examine bit error performance for 16-QAM, as well as the impact of SOA saturation level. We examine robustness to imperfect channel estimation.
The high‐affinity receptor for IgG, FcγRI, of humans and non‐human primates

Non‐human primate (NHP) models, especially involving macaques, are considered important models of human immunity and have been essential in preclinical testing for vaccines and therapeutics. Despite this, much less characterization of macaque Fc receptors has occurred compared to humans or mice. Much of the characterization of macaque Fc receptors so far has focused on the low‐affinity Fc receptors, particularly FcγRIIIa. From these studies, it is clear that there are distinct differences between the human and macaque low‐affinity receptors and their interaction with human IgG. Relatively little work has been performed on the high‐affinity IgG receptor, FcγRI, especially in NHPs. This review will focus on what is currently known of how FcγRI interacts with IgG, from mutation studies and recent crystallographic studies of human FcγRI, and how amino acid sequence differences in the macaque FcγRI may affect this interaction. Additionally, this review will look at the functional consequences of differences in the amino acid sequences between humans and macaques.
Comparison of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness between two types of double-lumen endobronchial tubes: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE Two types of material are used to manufacture double-lumen endobronchial tubes (DLTs): Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and silicon. PVC DLTs (Broncho-Cath) and silicon DLTs (Silbroncho) not only differ in material, but also subtly differ in structure. The goal of this study was to determine whether the incidences of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness differed between PVC DLTs and silicon DLTs. DESIGN Prospective, single-blind, balanced (1:1), randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Single university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Sixty ASA I-II patients, aged 20 to 65 years, scheduled for thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized into the Broncho-cath group (group B, n = 30) and the Silbroncho group (group S, n = 30). Intubation was performed with DLT according to the allocated group by an anesthesiologist. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The incidence of sore throat and hoarseness was evaluated at 1 hour and 24 hours after DLT extubation. The intensity of sore throat was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS<0-10) at 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 hours after DLT extubation. The incidence of sore throat was significantly lower in group S compared with that in group B at 1 h (30% v 66.7%, p = 0.018) and 24 hours (10% v 43.3%, p = 0.014). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of hoarseness between the 2 groups. The VAS scores for sore throat in group B were significantly higher than those in group S throughout the study (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of silicon DLTs resulted in a lower incidence of postoperative sore throat than did the use of PVC DLTs.
Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils: Phytoremediation as a Potentially Promising Clean-Up Technology

Increased soil pollution with heavy metals due to various human and natural activities has led to a growing need to address environmental contamination. Some remediation technologies have been developed to treat contaminated soil, but a biology-based technology, phytoremediation, is emerging. Phytoremediation includes phytovolatilization, phytostabilization, and phytoextraction using hyperaccumulator species or a chelate-enhancement strategy. To enhance phytoremediation as a viable strategy, microbiota from the rhizosphere can play an important role, but the use of genetic engineering can also increase the success of the technique. Here we review the key information on phytoremediation, addressing both potential and limitations, resulting from the research established on this topic.
Multiphase optimal response mixed-signal current-programmed mode controller

This paper presents a simple and practical implementation of a proximity optimal-time (OT) response controller for multiphase interleaved dc-dc switch-mode power supplies (SMPS). This novel solution enables equal current sharing between phases not only in steady state, but also during load transients. It also achieves a bump-less transition between the transient and steady state, where the interleaved operation is resumed without any delay. To minimize calculation burden and hardware complexity, a single digital voltage loop and multiple analog current loops are combined to implement a capacitor-charge balance based optimal-time recovery algorithm. The interface between the loops is provided through a structure consisting of a sample-and-hold circuit (S&H) and a relatively slow successive approximation digital-to-analog converter (DAC) providing control signals for all the current loops. The effectiveness of the controller is demonstrated on a 2-phase, 5V-to−1.8V, 20W, interleaved buck converter operating at a 1MHz switching frequency. The experimental results verify equal current sharing under all operating conditions, bump-less transition between the modes, and demonstrate that upon a transient converter reaches new steady state in the virtually fastest possible time.
Infections as contributing factors to atopic dermatitis

Certain cutaneous viral infections, such as Herpes simplex, vaccinia and varicella infections are known to occasionally run an usually severe course in AD. Patients with AD display increased frequencies of recurrent cold sores and Herpes zoster and they also have increased antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus. Heavy colonization of the skin with staphylococci and streptococci is common. The findings of increased severity and/or frequencies of these infections in AD may be explained by dysfunctional cell-mediated immunity and by cutaneous changes associated with AD. There is suggestive, but not any firm evidence, that infections play a causal role in the precipitation and exacerbation of AD. Infections are thus, in most cases, probably consequences rather than causes of the disease.
The performance cost of preserving data/query privacy using searchable symmetric encryption

The benefits of Cloud computing include reduced costs, high reliability and the immediate availability of additional computing resources as needed. Despite such advantages, Cloud Service Provider (CSP) consumers need to be aware that the Clouds poses its own set of unique risks that are not typically associated with storing and processing one's own data internally using privately owned infrastructure. New techniques such as Searchable Encryption are being deployed to enable data to be encrypted online. Despite being a relatively obscure form of Cryptography, Searchable Encryption is now at the point that it can be deployed and used within the Cloud. Searchable Encryption can allow CSP customers to store their data in encrypted form, while retaining the ability to search that data without disclosing the associated decryption key(s) to CSPs. Searchable Encryption is a diverse subject that exists in many forms. Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) which has its roots in plaintext searching is one such form. Although symmetrically encrypted ciphertext cannot be searched in the same manner; nonetheless, many of the principles that apply to plaintext searching also apply to SSE. In its most basic form, SSE is nothing more than an Inverted Index—a mechanism that has been used in plaintext Information Retrieval (IR) for decades—that has been modified and adapted for use with ciphertext. We implement an SSE scheme and evaluate the efficiency of storing and retrieving data from the cloud. The results showed that carrying out a task using SSE is directly proportional to the amount of information involved. In the case of constructing an IR Inverted Index, the results show that the time taken to generate an IR Inverted Index is directly proportional to the number of Terms contained in the underlying Document Collection. Converting the same IR Inverted Index to an SSE Inverted Index is directly proportional to the number of Postings contained within the IR Inverted Index, while the time taken to encrypt the underlying Document Collection is directly proportional to the number of Terms contained within the Document Collection. In relation to searching in SSE, the time taken to identify and decrypt the set of Postings associated with a given Lexicon Term is directly proportional to the number of Postings. We believe that SSE is efficient enough to be deployed in a Cloud environment especially when results only have to be returned to the user in small quantities. When applied to large Sets, SSE querying can become inefficient as its search time is directly proportional to the number of matching. SSE however is designed to achieve efficient search speeds whilst maintaining Data Privacy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adult primary undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: a case report.

ndifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) was first described by Stocker and Ishak in 1978. It is a rare tumor that most often presents in childhood between 6 to 10 years of age. The adult patients diagnosed with UESL often show nonspecific symptoms with normal laboratory results. Ultrasonography, CT, or MRI often reveals a cystic mass. Complete surgical resection plus preand/or post-operative systemic chemotherapy offers the possibility of a cure. We report a case of primary UESL in an adult with no specific symptoms, tumor markers, or image results. The diagnosis of the case was based on the resulting pathology from surgery.
Jointly Informative and Manifold Structure Representative Sampling Based Active Learning for Remote Sensing Image Classification

Active learning (AL) methods that select unlabeled samples only querying by informative measures (i.e., uncertainty and/or diversity criteria) have been extensively investigated. However, these methods usually do not exploit the manifold structure of the unlabeled data from the geometrical point of view, a choice that might lead to a sample bias and consequently undesirable performances. To control and possibly overcome such drawbacks, this paper explores AL methods based on joint informative and manifold structure representative sampling (JI-MSRS). In JI-MSRS, a portion of the unlabeled samples that are added at each iteration is selected according to the informative measures, whereas another portion is selected according to their capability to represent the data cluster structure. Four popular manifold learning methods, namely, principle component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis, kernel PCA, and neighborhood preserving embedding, are used to model the data structure. Then, Delaunay triangulation nets are used to build a discrete approximation of the geometrical structure of the unlabeled data cloud in a low-dimensional space. To show the effectiveness of this novel sampling strategy, results on three real multi-/hyperspectral data sets are presented, adding a thorough comparison with other state-of-the-art AL techniques. In comparison to conventional AL heuristics, the proposed techniques are able to obtain competitive or even better classification accuracy values.
Is there a transitional zone between brain infarcts and the surrounding brain? A histological study

Abstract Twenty‐eight recent brain infarcts were studied histologically for the presence of zones of partial tissue destruction between the infarct border and the surrounding normal brain. Such transitional zones have been demonstrated in animals and might be suspected in humans from the broad zones of reduced blood flow that have been demonstrated around brain infarcts. Necrotic neurons were observed outside the infarct borders in 20 of 28 cases. However, the width of the peri‐infarct border zone was less than 5 mm in 17 of 20 cases and between 7 and 10 mm in 2 cases. Only one section from one case showed necrotic neurons more than 20 mm from the infarct border. It is concluded that the large majority of the brain infarcts in man are sharply delimited and that the broad zones of reduced flow around the infarcts may be due to functional inactivity following partial denervation of the cortex rather than to true ischemia.