Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decision support for Foodbank South Africa NM

This paper employs a combined ‘soft-hard’ OR approach to aid decision making in the area of allocation at a not-for-profit organization, Foodbank South Africa (FBSA), that represents the largest hunger-relief network in South Africa. Two problem-structuring tools, causal mapping and root definitions (RDs) are utilized. Causal mapping is used to identify areas for useful research within FBSA, and gain a greater understanding of the organization in terms of its goals and consequently a good appreciation of the context in which decisions are made. Root definitions are employed to acquire a better understanding of the ‘decision-issues’ within the allocation system at the Cape Town warehouse. A simulation model is developed to imitate daily allocation decisions, with the end-objective of assisting decision-making by developing a range of allocation policies. A decision support system (DSS) is developed to help FBSA manage their agency database, automate some of the daily allocation decisions and simulate allocation policies.
Emission Line Ratios of FE III as Astrophysical Plasma Diagnostics

Recent, state-of-the-art calculations of A-values and electron impact excitation rates for Fe iii are used in conjunction with the Cloudy modeling code to derive emission-line intensity ratios for optical transitions among the fine-structure levels of the 3d6 configuration. A comparison of these with high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra of gaseous nebulae reveals that previous discrepancies found between theory and observation are not fully resolved by the latest atomic data. Blending is ruled out as a likely cause of the discrepancies, because temperature- and density-independent ratios (arising from lines with common upper levels) match well with those predicted by theory. For a typical nebular plasma with electron temperature K and electron density , cascading of electrons from the levels , and plays an important role in determining the populations of lower levels, such as , which provide the density diagnostic emission lines of Fe iii, such as - at 4658 Å. Hence, further work on the A-values for these transitions is recommended, ideally including measurements if possible. However, some Fe iii ratios do provide reliable -diagnostics, such as 4986/4658. The Fe iii cooling function, calculated with Cloudy using the most recent atomic data, is found to be significantly greater at Te 30,000 K than predicted with the existing Cloudy model. This is due to the presence of additional emission lines with the new data, particularly in the 1000–4000 Å wavelength region.
Ionic Liquids as Advantageous Solvents for Preparation of Nanostructures

Nanoparticles are defined as solid particles with a size in the range of 10-1000 nm, depending on the applied synthesis method different structural motifs can be obtained: nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowire, nanoclusters or nanospheres. The nanoparticles have drawn great attention across various areas of science and nanotechnology due to their exclusive physicochemical properties, which are attributable to the quantum size effect and single-electron transitions. The sciences as chemistry, physics, biology, medicine and electrical engineering are becoming more and more connected with nanotechnology and strongly interrelated. (Kumar, 2010; Suh et al., 2009). When one talks about nanoparticle synthesis, characterization and their properties, it is today obligatory to consider issues related to a tight control over size, shape, crystal structure and morphological purity. Obviously, chemical composition is also critical, but important aspects in the (nano)materials science have been widely demonstrated to correlate with the morphological/structural parameters (Mudring et al., 2009). First, the ionic liquids were used in electrosynthesis of various metallic nanoparticles, such as palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir) and semiconductor nanoparticles such as stable germanium or Ge nanoclusters (Deshmukh et al., 2001; Dupont et al., 2001; Endres & Abedin, 2002; Endres et al., 2003). Then the preparations of Ti nanowires onto graphite by electroreduction (Mukhopadhyay & Freyland, 2003) were extremely stimulating. In all of these examples the potential for electrochemical reactions and the high polarity of ionic liquids are exploited. In addition to electrochemical reactions different other techniques are used to fabricate nanostructures, wherein often various solvents are applied. As a recent and very effective technique also ionic liquids are employed in the creation of nanostructured materials, because of their unique properties such as extremely low volatility, wide temperature range in liquid state, good dissolving ability, high thermal stability, excellent microwave absorbing ability, high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, non-flammability, etc (Antonietti et al., 2004; Suh et al., 2004). Many ionic liquids are not only non-flammable but also stable in a broad temperature range from room temperature to 400 0C. These unique properties can be exploited in an effective preparation of nanostructures with control of size
A FEATURE SELECTION TECHNIQUE FOR INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM BASED ON IWD AND ACO

: Rapid advancements in the internet technology and its vulnerabilities have led researchers to devise intelligent systems that can provide network security. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) scrutinize all the features to detect intrusive data. Some of the features may be redundant or irrelevant to the detection process, which results in computational complexities and increased training time. To mitigate this problem, a process known as feature selection is used to remove the redundant and irrelevant attributes of the dataset. This paper proposes an intelligent hybrid technique for the purpose of feature selection of KDD CUP’99 dataset using the concepts of metaheuristic optimization. This hybrid approach combines the concepts of Intelligent Water Drops(IWD) and Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)to select features from data. The objective of this work is to optimize the process of feature selection in order to achieve optimal feature subset and reduce the training time.
The Graying of Civil Rights Law: The Age Discrimination Act of 1975

Nondiscrimination laws have come to play a central role in the design of public policy in the modem welfare state. Such laws place those who administer them in the difficult business of allocating scarce resources, regulating conflicting interests, and attempting to shape complex institutional behavior. The egalitarian vision that inspires such laws and the rhetorical and political energy that generate their enactment, however, are not easily accommodated to the underlying moral and decisional complexities of the regulatory task. These complexities inevitably disturb the tranquil surface of the law where formal simplicity and moral clarity dwell. This Article examines the Age Discrimination Act of 19751 (ADA), and explores the conflict between the criteria of social choice that decisionmakers wish to employ, and the moral and legal constraints that nondiscrimination laws seek to impose upon such criteria. The Article consists of four parts. Part I describes the ADA and contrasts it with earlier nondiscrimination laws, especially the prohibition on race discrimination in Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. A critical analysis of the putative analogy between race discrimination and age discrimination reveals the distinctive characteristics of age and the principal considerations that ought to govern the use of age as a criterion of classification. I argue that the ADA's attempt to fuse two distinct types of group protection statutes has yielded a hybrid form that constitutes a problematic policy instrument. Part II traces the evolution of the ADA: the legal and political contexts out of which it emerged; its legislative history; the Civil Rights Commission study on age discrimination mandated by the ADA; and
Influence of A biotic stress on biosynthesis of alga-chemicals and its relation to biological activities

Present study is to illustrate the relationship between the environmental stress and defense pathway from algae to protection from this stress. Marine environments are characterized by broad fluctuations of environmental conditions that can be strong stress inducers in macroalgal populations, including extreme temperatures, rapid salinity and nutrient changes, desiccation, intense sunlight, and others. These factors are extremely important for the geographical distribution of macroalgae and also can be responsible for several physiological responses of these organisms. The current study conclude that, the effects of various stresses on algae led to change in gene expression and its related to of secondary metabolite production which have different biological activities as antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities.
Spam Detection from Short Text Messages

With the rampant increase in the use of social media, the volume of spam text has also increase exponentially. Our research focuses on the spam detection of short text messages using classical machine learning methods. We have conducted our experiments on two datasets: Twitter dataset which we have compiled by collecting public live tweets and manually labelled them and SMS Spam dataset which is available in UCI repository. Results are compared using Accuracy and F1 measure. Since the wide use of social networking sites have led people to use the language very loosely and the length of text is limited, therefore the accuracy is not that high in case of Twitter as compared of mobile text messages.
Profound survey on virtualization in cloud

Cloud Computing is the fundamental change happening in the field of Computer Science and Information Technology. It helps to overcome the problems of data loss, accessing data whenever needed and data security. This technology is mainly service oriented and focuses on cost reduction, hardware reduction and pay just for service concept. Virtualization is one of the key components of cloud computing. With the help of virtualization, cloud computing brings efficiency benefits, security, availability and privacy protection. Virtualization is expensive mainframes to be easily shared among different application within the environments. The concept of virtualization needs to understand and implement in the cloud computing systems and enables the users how to better use it and make it better management of cloud. In this paper, the virtualization in the cloud is explained with the concept of service models. In this internet world, cloud computing is raising high by providing everything incense the required resources, applications, software, hardware, computing power to computing infrastructure, business process to control collaboration.
Differences in Epicentral Location of Mexican Earthquakes between Local and Global Catalogs: An update

Las diferencias en las localizaciones epicentrales entre catalogos locales y globales para sismos ocurridos en la zona de subduccion mexicana fueron, primeramente, observados en 1980, con base en unos cuantos eventos bien estudiados. En este escrito se comparan las localizaciones de dos catagolos locales; (1) un catalogo reciente de alta precision para la zona de Guerrero y (2) el catalogo del Servicio Sismologico Nacional (SSN), contra el catalogo global del United States Geological Service (USGS). Encontramos que en promedio las localizaciones epicentrales reportadas en los catalogos globales, para sismos de magnitudes mayores a 5, generados en la zona de subduccion mexicana, se encuentran 26 km en direccion N54oE comparados con los reportados en catalogos locales. Investigamos como el error varia para diferentes tipos de sismos en Guerrero y como estos mismos varian a lo largo de la trinchera, desde el estado de Jalisco hasta Chiapas. En promedio, las diferencias son mayores para sismos inversos ocurridos cerca de la trinchera y para eventos ocurridos en Michoacan. Las diferencias son mayores en promedio para eventos de magnitud mayor. Existe una compensacion entre la distancia a la trinchera y el tiempo, lo cual indica una baja resolucion para estos parametros, debido a la falta de estaciones ubicadas en el Oceano Pacifico. Las diferencias entre las localizaciones pueden ser atribuidas a un modelo sistematico en la estructura de velocidad para el manto, consistente con trayectorias rapidas al noreste y trayectorias lentas relativas al suroeste
Effectiveness of pentoxifylline in treatment of alcohol-induced combined lesion of liver and pancreas

The article presents the results of the use of pentoxifylline in the treatment of patients with a combination of chronic pancreatitis and cirrhosis of alcoholic etiology. The use of this scheme leads to more frequent decrease of pain and astheno-vegetative syndrome in patients with chronic pancreatitis, signs of portal hypertension in examined with cirrhosis, helps to reduce the activity of phospholipase A2, especially in case of combined lesion of both organs, increases chymotrypsin activity in the stool, it also decreases the levels of indirect indicators of fibrosis and collagen IV, and slows the progression of fibrosis in the liver according elastography.
Wound healing activity of Cassia occidentalis L. in albino Wistar rats.

The wound healing property of methanolic crude extract of Cassia occidentalis L. leaves and a pure compound Chrysophanol isolated from it was evaluated in excision, incision and dead space wound models. The parameters studied included rate of wound contraction and the period of epithelialization in excision wound model. Tensile strength in incision wound model and granulation tissue dry weight in dead space model were assessed along with histopathological examinations. Chrysophanol was found to possess significant wound healing property than methanol crude extract. This was evident by decrease in the period of epithelialization, increase in the rate of wound contraction, skin breaking strength, granulation tissue dry weight content and breaking strength of granulation tissue. Histopathological study of the granulation tissue showed increased collagenation when compared to control group of animals. C.occidentalis can be a good source of wound healing compound.
Variation in the sexual behaviour of Achnanthes longipes (Bacillariophyta). II. Inbred monoecious lineages

This paper continues a series of studies of the allogamous raphid diatom Achnanthes longipes, which has a complex reproductive system combining unisexual, bisexual and monoecious behaviour. Following earlier work on the effects of inbreeding in the progeny of crosses between two unisexual clones, we studied the progeny of clones that are capable of a high degree of selfing in monoclonal culture (‘monoecious clones’). Three generations of selfed progeny were examined. In addition, we investigated the F1 generation obtained after crossing two different monoecious clones. Monoecious clones produced monoecious or, more rarely, bisexual progeny, but did not give rise to unisexual progeny. As in inbred lineages made by crossing closely related unisexual clones, inbreeding in monoecious lineages leads to a reduction in the number of gametes formed by the gametangia, from two to one. Inbred clones exhibit marked inbreeding depression and only three inbred generations were possible in monoecious lineages. In the t.
LIZARD LOCOMOTION : HOWMORPHOLOGYMEETS ECOLOGY by

Biological evolution often leads, through natural selection, to an optimal  t between ‘design’ and ecology. However, the adaptation process may be impeded or slowed down by several constraints or trade-offs between con icting functions. This is frequently observed by ecomorphological studies focusing on lower taxonomic levels: form-function relationships get blurred because subtle adaptive traits remain hidden or simply do not exist. Therefore, a rigorous analytic approach is required, (ideally) assessing the links between the four stages of the adaptive process simultaneously ( i.e., from genetic variation to variation in design, to variation in performance, to differential  tness), taking into consideration all potential factors hindering the normal progression of this process. Lizard locomotion is a good model for such an analysis. Locomotion is essential in many ecologically relevant functions (feeding, predator avoidance, etc.). It consists of several components (speed, acceleration, endurance, manoeuvrability, etc.) and modes (level running, climbing, etc.) with con icting demands, leading to potential trade-offs. Moreover, several of its components proved to be heritable and obvious relations between habitat use and locomotor design are often absent (e.g., in lacertid lizards). Two cases, focusing on the potential trade-off between climbing and level-running, are presented to illustrate the subtle interplay between variation in ecology, performance and design in lizard locomotion. (1) For two gekkotans (a climber and a ground dwelling species) the moments exerted by several important leg muscles appear to be tuned to their primary mode of locomotion. (2) In two sibling lacertid species, the inverse trade-off between climbing and running, put forward on the basis of observed substrate use, does not exist. Instead, a drastic difference in running performance, likely related to different running styles, emerged. The latter case illustrates the potential use of ‘integrated, dynamic design traits’ as an intermediate stage between variation in design and performance.
Dynamic Simulated Annealing for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem with Cooling Enhancer and Modified Acceptance Probability

In this paper, a dynamic (i.e. self-adaptive according to the number of nodes) Simulated Annealing Algorithm is presented to solve the well-known Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). In the presented algorithm, the temperature parameter is adjusted on the basis of the number of nodes. To achieve dynamicity, a new parameter named “Cooling Enhancer” is introduced to control the cooling rate, thereby, regulating the temperature. Additionally, an enhanced version of acceptance probability has been used. The efficacy of Dynamic Simulated Annealing with Cooling Enhancer & Modified Acceptance Probability (DSA-CE&MAP) is compared against the basic simulated annealing algorithm (SA) [2] for some benchmark TSPLIB instances [1]. Experimental results illustrate that the new dynamic simulated annealing algorithm performs better than the basic simulated annealing algorithm for solving TSP. It has been observed that the quality of solutions (i.e. minimum total cost or distance) is significantly increased as compared to earlier method.
Bellows, copulations, and sexual selection in bison (Bison bison)

We provide data on the timing and frequency of bellowing episodes and 261 copulations in North American bison (Bison bison) extracted from more dian 8500 h of observation to examine Darwin's idea that by using breeding-season vocalizations the male "endeavours thus to charm or excite the female. " Copulatory status affected vocalization rates; after mating, the frequency of male bellowing dropped to 16.1% of precopulatory rates (p < .0001). Males bellowed at a higher rate on days when females were in estrus (p < .025) than when they were in anestrus, but females' probability of offspring production in the next year was not correlated with bellowing rate. For estrous females, bellowing was positively correlated with number of attendant males (p < .0001) and inversely related both to the number of days individual males had participated in the rut (p < .05) and to the date during the 6-week breeding season (p < .003). Body size also influenced bellowing rate: with other factors held constant, small males bellowed more than large males (p < .03). With respect to Darwin's idea that vocalizations serve as a male display to females, (1) males bellowed neither before nor after copulating when rivals were absent but (2) they bellowed both before and after copulating when rivals were present. Overall, these results suggest that bison bellows do not serve as advertisements to females but function as intrasexual displays. [Behav Ecol 1991;2:l-6] Joel Berger Carol Cunningham Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, RWF; 1000 Valley Road University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89512, USA
The Use of Deep Learning in Speech Enhancement

Deep learning is an emerging area in current scenario. Mostly, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Deep Belief Network (DBN) are used as the model in deep learning. It is termed as Deep Neural Network (DNN). The use of DNN is widely spread in many applications, exclusively for detection and classification purpose. In this paper, authors have used the same network for signal enhancement purpose. Speech is considered for the input signal with noise. The model of DNN is used with two layers. It has been compared with the ADALINE model to prove its efficacy.
The Prognostic Value of Renal Resistance During Hypothermic Machine Perfusion of Deceased Donor Kidneys

Vascular renal resistance (RR) during hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) is frequently used in kidney graft quality assessment. However, the association between RR and outcome has never been prospectively validated. Prospectively collected RR values of 302 machine‐perfused deceased donor kidneys of all types (standard and extended criteria donor kidneys and kidneys donated after cardiac death), transplanted without prior knowledge of these RR values, were studied. In this cohort, we determined the association between RR and delayed graft function (DGF) and 1‐year graft survival. The RR (mmHg/mL/min) at the end of HMP was an independent risk factor for DGF (odds ratio 21.12 [1.03–435.0]; p = 0.048) but the predictive value of RR was low, reflected by a c‐statistic of the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.58. The RR was also found to be an independent risk factor for 1‐year graft failure (hazard ratio 12.33 [1.11–136.85]; p = 0.004). Determinants of transplant outcome are multifactorial in nature and this study identifies RR as an additional parameter to take into account when evaluating graft quality and estimating the likelihood of successful outcome. However, RR as a stand‐alone quality assessment tool cannot be used to predict outcome with sufficient precision.
Parlancr and Text Style Transference in Natural Language Processing The science and goals behind Parlancr

Text style transference in natural language processing (NLP) — separating the semantic substance from the stylistic properties of a message — is a relatively new research area. Like machine translation, text style transference transforms a message in some respect but without loss of meaning. Whereas machine translation seeks to transform a message from one language into another, text style transference seeks to transform a message from one style into another. In this context, “style” refers to the way in which something is written. For example, William Faulkner and Mark Twain often wrote about life in the Southern U.S. but few would ever confuse their distinctive styles. Style transference in image processing, another analogous task but in the visual modality, seeks to recompose one image into the style of another. A recent example can be seen in the application of Van Gogh “filters” onto any newly uploaded photo in https://deepart.io/​. In both machine translation and image style transference, mature solutions, sufficient for viable commercial implementations, are now widely available. In contrast, several fundamental problems remain to be solved before text style transference reaches a comparable maturity level.