Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Immunoreactive Molecular Forms of Parathyroid Hormone in Human Serum 1

Summary Sera from patients with various forms of hyperparathyroidism were concentrated and fractionated on Bio-gel P-10 columns. Eluted fractions were assayed for immunoreactive PTH. In addition to glandular PTH, two smaller fragments were identified (mol wt 7000–7500 and 4500–5000, respectively). Glandular PTH and fragments differed in their immunologic and kinetic properties. The results appear to explain divergent results reported from various laboratories in the application of the immunossay of PTH to clinical investigation. J. M. C. has submitted these data in partial fulfillment of the research requirements for the PhD degree in the Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL.
Cross contamination of viral specimens related to shell vial caps

A cluster of poliovirus type 3-positive specimens cultured in shell vials led to the discovery of significant cross contamination between vials related to the type of vial cap. Simulated testing with colored media in the shell vials indicated that the most contamination occurred with the plastic snap cap and that the least occurred with the screw cap. Measures to prevent cross contamination in clinical virology laboratories are discussed.
Articulatory interpretation of the "singing formant".

The “singing formant” is a high spectrum envelope peak near 2.8 kHz characteristic of vowel sounds produced in male Western opera and concert singing. An acoustical model of the vocal tract is capable of generating such a peak provided that three conditions are met: (1) The cross‐sectional area in the pharynx must be at least six times wider than that of the larynx tube opening. If so, the larynx tube is acoustically mismatched with the rest of the vocal tract, and an extra formant is added to the vocal tract transfer function. (2) The sinus Morgagni must be wide in relation to the rest of the larynx tube. This may tune the frequency of the extra formant to a value between the frequencies of the third and fourth formants in normal speech. (3) The sinus piriformes must be wide. This reduces the frequency of the fifth formant to about 3 kHz. X‐ray studies of a raised and lowered larynx showed that these three conditions may be fulfilled when the larynx is lowered. Thus, the larynx lowering, typical of male .
Daily alcohol use as an independent risk factor for HIV seroconversion among people who inject drugs.

AIMS To estimate the relationship between daily alcohol use and HIV seroconversion among people who inject drugs (PWID) in a Canadian setting. DESIGN AND SETTING Data from an open prospective cohort study of PWID in Vancouver, Canada, recruited via snowball sampling and street outreach between May 1996 and November 2013. An interviewer-administered questionnaire including standardized behavioural assessment and HIV antibody testing were conducted semi-annually. Baseline HIV-seronegative participants completing ≥ 1 follow-up visits were eligible for the present analysis. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1683 eligible participants, were followed for a median of 79.8 [interquartile range (IQR) = 33.3-119.1] months. MEASUREMENTS The primary end-point was time to HIV seroconversion, with the date of HIV seroconversion estimated as the mid-point between the last negative and the first positive antibody test results. The primary explanatory variable was self-reported daily alcohol use in the previous 6 months assessed semiannually. Other covariates considered included demographic, behavioural, social/structural and environmental risk factors for HIV infection among PWID (e.g. daily cocaine injection, methadone use, etc.). FINDINGS Of 1683 PWID, there were 176 HIV seroconversions during follow-up with an incidence density of 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3-1.7] cases per 100 person-years. At baseline, 339 (20.1%) consumed alcohol at least daily in the previous 6 months. In multivariable extended Cox regression analyses, daily alcohol use remained associated independently with HIV seroconversion (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.48; 95% CI = 1.00-2.17). CONCLUSIONS Daily alcohol use appears to be an independent risk factor for HIV seroconversion among our cohort of PWID.
Self-Referenced Residual Pressure Measurement Method for Fiber-Optic Pressure Sensor Chip

We propose a direct and nondestructive self-referenced residual pressure measurement method for MEMS chip of fiber-optic pressure sensor. In the proposed method, two multimode fibers are placed at the center and the edge position of the sealed cavity. With scanning external pressure, two groups of cavity lengths data are obtained by using polarization low-coherence interference demodulator. The intersection point of their linear fitting curves indicates that the diaphragm is in flat condition and residual pressure is determined by the external pressure at this point. We successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of the residual pressure measurement method with measure error 0.049 kPa.
Direct diffusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in intraperitoneal rat tumors after intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a comparison with systemic chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy i.p. is increasingly being tested as a treatment modality for cancer limited to the peritoneal cavity. We have developed a rat tumor model in which penetration and distribution of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) into intraperitoneal tumors have been studied. The platinum concentration in intraperitoneal tumor nodules, measured by two techniques, flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy and proton-induced X-ray emission, was always higher after i.p. treatment than i.v. Further, platinum concentrations were higher at the periphery of the tumor after i.p. administration than after i.v. , while platinum concentrations in the center of the tumor nodules were identical. No difference was detected in platinum concentrations in s.c. tumors nor in the total area under the curve (plasma) after i.p. and i.v. administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), suggesting that the higher drug concentration measured in peritoneal tumors after i.p. administration is due to direct diffusion of the drug from the peritoneal cavity.
PRINCIPLES OF VALIDATION OF DIAGNOSTIC

PRINCIPLES OF VALIDATION OF DIAGNOSTIC ASSAYS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES. Assay validation requires a series of inter-related processes. Assay validation is an experimental process: reagents and protocols are optimized by experimentation to detect the analyte with accuracy and precision. Assay validation is a relative process: its diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity are calculated relative to test results obtained from reference animal populations of known infection/exposure status. Assay validation is a conditional process: classification of animals in the target population as infected or uninfected is conditional upon how well the reference animal population used to validate the assay represents the target population; accurate predictions of the infection status of animals from test results (PV+ and PV−) are conditional upon the estimated prevalence of disease/infection in the target population. Assay validation is an incremental process: confidence in the validity of an assay increases over time when use confirms that it is robust as demonstrated by accurate and precise results; the assay may also achieve increasing levels of validity as it is upgraded and extended by adding reference populations of known infection status. Assay validation is a continuous process: the assay remains valid only insofar as it continues to provide accurate and precise results as proven through statistical verification. Therefore, the work required for validation of diagnostic assays for infectious diseases does not end with a time-limited series of experiments based on a few reference samples rather, to assure valid test results from an assay requires constant vigilance and maintenance of the assay, along with reassessment of its performance characteristics for each unique population of animals to which it is applied.
Mental adjustment at different phases in breast cancer trajectory: re‐examination of factor structure of the Mini‐MAC and its correlation with distress

The aim of this study is twofold. First, it aims to determine the factor structure of the Mini‐Mental Adjustment to Cancer (Mini‐MAC) Scale by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to compare the three‐factor, four‐factor, and five‐factor structures among 340 Taiwanese breast cancer patients. Second, it aims to test the difference in the correlations of coping strategies and the outcome measures between two populations: one‐month newly diagnosed and five‐year long‐term survival patients.
First Whole-Genome Sequences of Two Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from a Moroccan Hospital Floor

ABSTRACT This report describes the whole-genome shotgun sequences of two multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, ABE8_07 and ABE12_M, isolated from a Moroccan hospital floor. These two genome sequences will initiate the study and characterization of the Acinetobacter baumannii genome in Morocco.
Simulation and analysis of a reentrant planar magnetron

The self-consistent PIC code MAGIC, has been used to simutate a planar magnetron with a reentrant boundary condition. The dimensions of the gap and slow-wave structure were selected to give a pi-mode resonance at 18 GHz. Simulations of a ten-vane structure were performed both with and without energy extraction. As a result of the soliton theory applied to the Cross Field Devices (CFD's) the early time behavior of the space-charge layer is thought to be dominated by a long wavelength modulational instability (1). A space harmonic analysis of the TM fields was performed to obtain the growth rates of the low order space harmonic modes. Phase locking of the electrons leads to enhanced RF fields as energy is exchanged. The enhanced electric fields promote growth of the shorter wavelength modes. In addition, a space harmonic analysis of the energy density was made to determine the power spectra of the space-charge layer. The observed power law is consistent with that predicted for the turbulent spectrum of an imcompressible fluid.
Triggering a Cell Shape Change by Exploiting Preexisting Actomyosin Contractions

A Time and a Place The onset of morphogenetic cell shape changes is thought to be triggered by initiation of actomyosin contractions. Roh-Johnson et al. (p. 1232, published online 9 February; see the Perspective by Razzell and Martin) have now discovered in both Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila embryos that the actomyosin contractions driving morphogenesis run constitutively, only being engaged to trigger cell shape changes at a specific time during development. Morphogenesis in developing worms and flies harnesses ongoing cortical motility. Apical constriction changes cell shapes, driving critical morphogenetic events, including gastrulation in diverse organisms and neural tube closure in vertebrates. Apical constriction is thought to be triggered by contraction of apical actomyosin networks. We found that apical actomyosin contractions began before cell shape changes in both Caenorhabitis elegans and Drosophila. In C. elegans, actomyosin networks were initially dynamic, contracting and generating cortical tension without substantial shrinking of apical surfaces. Apical cell-cell contact zones and actomyosin only later moved increasingly in concert, with no detectable change in actomyosin dynamics or cortical tension. Thus, apical constriction appears to be triggered not by a change in cortical tension, but by dynamic linking of apical cell-cell contact zones to an already contractile apical cortex.
Functional relations among inferotemporal cortex, amygdala, and lateral hypothalamus in monkey operant feeding behavior.

Neural activity in either the amygdala (AM) or lateral hypothalamus (LHA) was examined while monkeys obtained food as a reward for operant bar pressing. Neurons in the AM were tested before, during, and after reversible cooling of the inferotemporal cortex (ITCx). LHA neurons were tested similarly except that the cooling probe was located in the AM. Cooling probes were chronically implanted bilaterally over the dura of the anterior ITCx in one monkey and in the lateral part of the AM in two monkeys. The activity of 43 AM neurons was analyzed. Before ITCx cooling, each AM neuron was classified into one of four groups based on its response pattern: 6 neurons responded primarily to the sight of food, 11 responded primarily to the sight of nonfood objects, 21 responded to the sight of both food and nonfood (arousal related), and 5 neurons did not respond. ITCx cooling changed the spontaneous firing rate of 15 AM neurons (2 increased, 13 decreased). Responses to the sight of food and/or nonfood of two food-related, four nonfood-related, and seven arousal-related neurons were depressed, and responses of two nonfood-related and three arousal-related neurons were enhanced. Of 17 neurons that were normally food or nonfood specific, 8 became nondiscriminative during ITCx cooling. The activity of 55 LHA neurons was tested. Of these, 22 were food related, 6 responded primarily during ingestion, 22 were arousal related, and 5 did not respond. AM cooling changed the spontaneous firing rates of 21 LHA neurons (12 increased, 9 decreased). Visual responses of nine food-related neurons and two arousal-related neurons were depressed by AM cooling. Ingestion-related responses in the AM (3 of 6 food-related neurons) were not affected by ITCx cooling, but responses of three ingestion-related LHA neurons (3/6) were depressed by AM cooling. The data suggest that dynamic interactions among the ITCx, the AM, and the LHA are important in discriminating between food and nonfood, and, consequently, in the stimulus-reinforcement process, i.e., recognition of reward or no reward. The results are discussed in terms of known anatomical data and behavioral evidence from earlier lesion experiments.
Differential accuracy of physical activity self-report by body mass index.

OBJECTIVES To examine whether agreement between self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity varies by BMI category in a low-income black sample. METHODS Participants completed a questionnaire and wore an accelerometer for 4-6 days. Using one- and 10-minute bouts, accelerometers measured light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity time. RESULTS Correlations varied by obesity (nonobese: one-minute r=0.41; 10-minute r=0.47; obese: one-minute r=0.21; 10-minute r=0 .14). Agreement was highest among nonobese persons (one-minute kappa = 0.48, 10-minute kappa = 0.023; obese: one-minute kappa = -0.024, 10- minute kappa = -0.020). CONCLUSIONS We found compromised questionnaire performance among obese participants.
Correction: Three-Dimensional Geometric Analysis of Felid Limb Bone Allometry

The second author's name is displayed incorrectly in the by-line and the citation. The name should read: Alexis Wiktorowicz-Conroy. The citation should read: Doube M, Wiktorowicz-Conroy A, Christiansen P, Hutchinson JR, Shefelbine S (2009) Three-Dimensional Geometric Analysis of Felid Limb Bone Allometry. PLoS ONE 4(3): e4742. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0004742
Prospectively measured levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and the dimeric inhibins during the menopausal transition in a population-based cohort of women.

The aims of this study were: 1) to describe, in relation to the date of final menses, the average hormone levels of women in the years before and after this date and to determine the extent to which these average levels were dependent on age and body mass index (BMI); and 2) to determine the degree of tracking in residual hormone levels [i.e., the extent to which individuals above (below) the mean for their age or time relative to final menstrual period (FMP) and BMI remain above (below) the mean as time progresses]. Serial levels of serum FSH, circulating estradiol (E2), and the dimeric inhibins (INH) A and B were measured annually in 150 women who experienced a natural menopause during 6 years of follow-up. Means of the log-transformed hormonal levels were analyzed as a double-logistic function of time relative to FMP, as well as age and BMI and correlations between repeated hormonal levels, were measured. Mean FSH levels started to increase from about 2 years before the FMP, increased most rapidly about 10 months before the FMP, and had virtually plateaued by 2 years after the FMP. FSH levels were, on average, 3% greater for each year of age and 2% lower for each kg/m2 of BMI. After adjusting for time relative to the FMP, logFSH showed modest tracking. Age-adjusted values of logFSH were moderately correlated across time, and much of this tracking was explained by the actual timing of a woman's FMP. Mean E2 levels started to decrease about 2 years before the FMP, decreased most rapidly around the time of the FMP, and had virtually plateaued by 2 years after the FMP. E2 levels were lower, on average, by about 9% per year of age, and residual values showed weak tracking. Levels of both INHA and INHB decreased, on average, in the years before the FMP and were undetectable (INHA, < 10 pg/mL; INHB, < 25 pg/mL) in the majority of women by the time of the FMP and in almost all women by 4 years post-FMP. Significant negative correlations between log serum FSH and log E2 (r = -0.73) and log INHA (r = -0.41) and log INHB (r = -0.36) were observed. It is concluded that substantial changes in reproductive hormone levels occur within 1-2 yr on each side of the FMP, that falling concentrations of E2 and the INH contribute to the rising concentrations of FSH, and that there is no single reliable hormonal marker of menopausal status for an individual woman.
Are levels of brain natriuretic peptides useful to determine volume status in dialysis patients?

1. U.S. Renal Data System: USRDS 2010 Annual Report: Atlas of End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2010 2. Antman E, et al.: Myocardial infarction redefined–a consensus document of The Joint European Society ofCardiology ⁄AmericanCollege of Cardiology committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction: The Joint European Society of Cardiology ⁄American College of Cardiology Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol 36:959–969, 2000 3. Thygesen K, et al.: Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 28:2525–2538, 2007 4. Katrukha A, et al.: Biochemical factors influencing measurement of cardiac troponin I in serum. Clin ChemLabMed 37:1091–1095, 1999 5. Giannitsis E, et al.: Comparison of cardiac troponin T and troponin I assays–implications of analytical and biochemical differences on clinical performance. Clin Lab 50:521–528, 2004 6. Van Lente F, et al.: Ability of troponins to predict adverse outcomes in patients with renal insufficiency and suspected acute coronary syndromes: a case-matched study. J AmColl Cardiol 33:471–478, 1999 7. Khan NA, et al.: Prognostic value of troponin T and I Among asymptomatic patients with end-stage renal disease: a meta-analysis. Circulation 112:3088–3096, 2005 8. Apple FS, et al.: Predictive value of cardiac troponin I and T for subsequent death in end-stage renal disease. Circulation 106:2941–2945, 2002 9. Diris JHC, et al.: Impaired renal clearance explains elevated troponin T fragments in hemodialysis patients. Circulation 109:23–25, 2004 10. Wayand D, et al.: Cardiac troponin T and I in end-stage renal failure. Clin Chem46:1345–1350, 2000 11. Aviles RJ, et al.: Troponin T levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes, with or without Renal dysfunction. N Engl J Med 346:2047–2052, 2002 12. MallamaciF, et al.: Diagnostic value of troponinT for alterations in left ventricular mass and function in dialysis patients. Kidney Int 62:1884–1890, 2002 13. deFilippi C, et al.: Cardiac troponin T and C-reactive protein for predicting prognosis, coronary atherosclerosis, and cardiomyopathy in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. JAMA290:353–359, 2003 14. Lauer MS: Cardiac troponins and renal failure: the evolution of a clinical test. Circulation 112:3036–3037, 2005 15. NeedhamDM, et al.: Troponin I and T levels in renal failure patients without acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review of the literature. Can J Cardiol 20:1212–1218, 2004 16. Iliou MC, et al.: Prognostic value of cardiac markers in ESRD: Chronic Hemodialysis and New Cardiac Markers Evaluation (CHANCE) study. Am JKidneyDis 42:513–523, 2003 17. Han S, et al.: Elevated cardiac troponin T predicts cardiovascular events in asymptomatic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients without a history of cardiovascular disease.AmJNephrol 29:129–135, 2009
In v itro evaluation of β-carotene production in two different strains of Du n alie lla s alin a Teodoresco (Chlorophyta)

The description of the genus Dunaliella, the unicellular green alga which lacks a cell wall. These organisms have high concentrations of beta carotene to protect against the intense light and high concentrations of glycerol to provide protection against osmotic pressure, which accumulates massive amounts of carotenoids under appropriate growth conditions. Effect of four different physical-chemical parameters such as NaCl, NaNO 3, pH and light intensity made on the organism revealed that the algal strains required a slightly alkaline pH (pH 7.5), high light intensity (40 µEm -2 s 1 ), low NaCl concentration (0.5M), and moderate NaNO 3 concentration (1.18M) for the maximum production of the valuable pigment, -carotene. At such conditions, the level of chlorophyll concentrations
The Effect of Bevacizumab on Wound Healing Modulation in an Experimental Trabeculectomy Model

Abstract Purpose: Glaucoma filtration surgery remains the most effective surgical procedure for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in uncontrolled glaucoma. Modulation of wound healing is critical to ensure long-term surgical success. This study aimed to determine if bevacizumab is an alternative agent for wound modulation in glaucoma surgery. Materials and methods: Forty-eight eyes of New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups undergoing standard trabeculectomy surgery in the right eye. In group 1, balanced salt solution injections (0.1 ml) were performed into the bleb. Bevacizumab (0.1 ml, 1.25 mg) was injected into the bleb in group two and into the vitreous body in group three. Subconjunctival injections of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were performed into the non-bleb area in group four. Postoperatively; IOP, bleb size, bleb height, bleb vascularity were evaluated. Right eyes of two animals from each group were enucleated in 10th, 20th and 30th d postoperatively and evaluated histopathologically for inflammation, neovascularization and fibrosis. Results: The length, the width and the height of the bleb in the group two were greater than other groups. Mean IOP values were lower in group two. IOP measurements in the operated eyes of group two were statistically significantly lower than the other groups until the 28th d. Inflammation (p = 0.030), neovascularization (p = 0.004) and fibrosis (p < 0.000) in group two were lower in histopathological evaluation. Conclusions: Post-operative subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab is more effective than intravitreal bevacizumab or subconjunctival 5-FU injections for bleb survival. Furthermore, IOP is lower for a long period with lower level of fibrosis, which increases the success of trabeculectomy.