Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Roles of Transcription Factor Mot3 and Chromatin in Repression of the Hypoxic Gene ANB1 in Yeast

ABSTRACT The hypoxic genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are repressed by a complex consisting of the aerobically expressed, sequence-specific DNA-binding protein Rox1 and the Tup1-Ssn6 general repressors. The regulatory region of one well-studied hypoxic gene,ANB1, is comprised of two operators, OpA and OpB, each of which has two strong Rox1 binding sites, yet OpA represses transcription almost 10 times more effectively than OpB. We show here that this difference is due to the presence of a Mot3 binding site in OpA. Mutations in this site reduced OpA repression to OpB levels, and the addition of a Mot3 binding site to OpB enhanced repression. Deletion of the mot3 gene also resulted in reduced repression of ANB1. Repression of two other hypoxic genes in which Mot3 sites were associated with Rox1 sites was reduced in the deletion strain, but other hypoxic genes were unaffected. In addition, the mot3Δ mutation caused a partial derepression of the Mig1–Tup1-Ssn6-repressed SUC2 gene, but not the α2–Mcm1–Tup1-Ssn6-repressed STE2 gene. The Mot3 protein was demonstrated to bind to the ANB1 OpA in vitro. Competition experiments indicated that there was no interaction between Rox1 and Mot3, indicating that Mot3 functions either in Tup1-Ssn6 recruitment or directly in repression. A great deal of evidence has accumulated suggesting that the Tup1-Ssn6 complex represses transcription through both nucleosome positioning and a direct interaction with the basal transcriptional machinery. We demonstrate here that under repressed conditions a nucleosome is positioned over the TATA box in the wild-type ANB1promoter. This nucleosome was absent in cells carrying arox1, tup1, or mot3 deletion, all of which cause some degree of derepression. Interestingly, however, this positioned nucleosome was also lost in a cell carrying a deletion of the N-terminal coding region of histone H4, yet ANB1expression remained fully repressed. A similar deletion in the gene for histone H3, which had no effect on repression, had only a minor effect on the positioned nucleosome. These results indicate that the nucleosome phasing on the ANB1 promoter caused by the Rox1–Mot3–Tup1-Ssn6 complex is either completely redundant with a chromatin-independent repression mechanism or, less likely, plays no role in repression at all.
Characterization of an immunoreactive 17.5-kilodalton outer membrane protein of Haemophilus somnus by using a monoclonal antibody

A single outer membrane protein (OMP) of Haemophilus somnus, with an apparent molecular mass of 17.5 kDa, was identified in the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-insoluble fraction after extraction with 1% SDS-0.5 M NaCl-0.1% beta-mercaptoethanol. A hybridoma derived from mice immunized with H. somnus OMP fractions produced a monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated 20-3-5, that bound to the 17.5-kDa OMP of H. somnus. The MAb 20-3-5 epitope was present on 45 of 45 strains of H. somnus tested. MAb 20-3-5 cross-reacted with Haemophilus agni, Histophilus ovis, and Haemophilus haemoglobinophilus but not with 13 other species and subspecies of gram-negative bacteria. Immunoelectron-microscopic and antibody absorption studies revealed that the MAb 20-3-5 epitope is exposed on the surface of bacteria. In an immunoblot analysis, convalescent-phase sera obtained from calves with experimental H. somnus pneumonia contained antibodies to the 17.5-kDa OMP of H. somnus. Future studies will be directed toward examining the role of the 17.5-kDa OMP in immunity to H. somnus infections.
Food regulations: low FODMAP labeling and communication goals

There is growing clinical evidence in support of a diet for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) that is low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP). This low FODMAP diet is gaining acceptance globally among clinicians and IBS sufferers alike. However, there is disparity concerning the success rates of the FODMAP diet between patients, which can be attributed to differences in the recommended diet itself and to adherence issues. To address the differences in the diet, a generally accepted science‐based definition of the analytical criteria for low FODMAP products suitable for a low FODMAP diet should be developed. To address the adherence challenge, regulators should permit manufacturers of low FODMAP products to communicate the benefits of a low FODMAP diet on product labels and promotional material which will facilitate people with IBS' selection and use low FODMAP foods.
Agent-based Modeling: a computer simulation method for the management of public safety

This paper presents Agent-based Modeling (ABM) as a useful tool for analyzing social systems and the impact of possible interventions on such systems. To illustrate the power of ABM, the paper uses a didactic example of resource management applied to delinquency control. Using the ABM’s results the paper shows the analysis of possible resource management for public security. This model shows how four types of dynamics appear as the value of the reward for catching thief increases, with abrupt thresholds between each of them: a) police extinction; b) co-existence of police and thief, c) police and thief extinction, and d) thief extinction. The paper concludes that ABM may help in the planning of resources in social interventions and/or research aimed at explaining the basis of non-linear social dynamics.
Solution-Deposited Carbon Nanotube Flip Chip Interconnect for High-Frequency Applications

A coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure with carbon nanotube bumps as flip chip interconnects is presented. The carbon nanotube (CNT) interconnects are fabricated using a solution-based method. This work shows the feasibility of using solution-deposited CNTs as flip chip interconnects and presents their high frequency characteristics in comparison to similarly-sized gold interconnects. The solution-deposited CNT interconnects have similar resistance to transferred CNT bumps grown by chemical vapor deposition. The fabricated CNT bumps are well shaped and have an average dc resistance of 970 mΩ ( 150 μm in diameter and 10 μm in height). High frequency characterization was carried out up to 40 GHz. The return loss is better than 15 dB and the insertion loss of the CNT interconnect is 0.3 dB higher than conventional gold bump interconnects per transition.
Purified Group X Secretory Phospholipase A2 Induced Prominent Release of Arachidonic Acid from Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells*

Group X secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-X) possesses several structural features characteristic of both group IB and IIA sPLA2s (sPLA2-IB and -IIA) and is postulated to be involved in inflammatory responses owing to its restricted expression in the spleen and thymus. Here, we report the purification of human recombinant COOH-terminal His-tagged sPLA2-X, the preparation of its antibody, and the purification of native sPLA2-X. The affinity-purified sPLA2-X protein migrated as various molecular species of 13–18 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, andN-glycosidase F treatment caused shifts to the 13- and 14-kDa bands. NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing analysis revealed that the 13-kDa form is a putative mature sPLA2-X and the 14-kDa protein possesses a propeptide of 11 amino acid residues attached at the NH2 termini of the mature protein. Separation with reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography revealed that N-linked carbohydrates are not required for the enzymatic activity and pro-sPLA2-X has a relatively weak potency compared with the mature protein. The mature sPLA2-X induced the release of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine more efficiently than other human sPLA2groups (IB, IIA, IID, and V) and elicited a prompt and marked release of arachidonic acid from human monocytic THP-1 cells compared with sPLA2-IB and -IIA with concomitant production of prostaglandin E2. A prominent release of arachidonic acid was also observed in sPLA2-X-treated human U937 and HL60 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of human lung preparations revealed its expression in alveolar epithelial cells. These results indicate that human sPLA2-X is a unique N-glycosylated sPLA2 that releases arachidonic acid from human myeloid leukemia cells more efficiently than sPLA2-IB and -IIA.
Nifedipine and Nimodipine: Effect on Blood Pressure and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Conscious Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats

Summary: The dose-dependent reduction of mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) was more pronounced after intravenous nimodipine than nifedipine administration. Nimodipine (5 μg/kg) followed by infusion of 0.75 μg/kg/min lowered the blood pressure by 10% in both normotensive and hypertensive rats; the same dose schedule of nifedipine did not lower MAP. Neither drug altered the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in this dose. After 50 μg/kg nimodipine were administered, followed by 7.5 μg/kg/min nimodipine, MAP dropped 38% in WKY and 46% SHR; corresponding figures for nifedipine were 13 and 17%. In spite of the reduction in MAP and a concomitant decrease in PaCO2, rCBF increased significantly in 19 of 23 regions studied after nifedipine and in 15 regions after nimodipine in SHR. The increase in rCBF in WKY was slight and insignificant in most areas. Thus, both calcium entry blockers reduced the cerebrovascular resistance more in SHR than in WKY.
An LMI based approach to passivity analysis and robust passification of uncertain neutral systems with time varying delays

In this paper we derive sufficient conditions for passivity of neutral type time delay systems (TDS) with time varying parametric uncertainties. The delays in states and state derivatives are assumed to be time varying. Delay dependent sufficient conditions for robust passivity, are derived in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Feedback control law is formulated for robust passification of unstable systems. Numerical examples are given at that end that show the effectiveness of the proposed approach and reduced conservatism as compared to previously used passivity analysis and passification techniques.
Electrolyte abnormalities in patients admitted in emergency department of tertiary care institute: A cross sectional study -

Background: Electrolyte disorders are common in patients in the emergency department and have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this respect sodium, potassium and calcium are the most important cations, whose improper adjustment may cause severe disorders in neuromuscular, gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Aims & Objectives: This study intends to assess the prevalence of electrolyte abnormalities in patients hospitalized in emergency department of Government Medical College, Srinagar. Materials and Methods: A cross–sectional descriptive study was conducted among 11,000 patients admitted in emergency department. Simple stratified sampling was done to select the patients hospitalized in emergency ward. A semi-structured questionnaire containing the socio-demographic variables was prepared. Meanwhile, biochemical test for sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, serum creatinine, and blood urea were carried out. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS 11.5 version. Results: Frequency distribution of electrolyte abnormalities was as follows: Hyponatremia 49%, hypernatremia 7%, hypokalemia 36%, hyperkalemia 16%, hypocalcemia 6% and hypercalcemia 3%. Bicarbonate levels were: low levels 18%, high levels 9%. 21% and 16% of patients had blood urea and creatinine more than the normal range respectively. A total of 42% of patients hospitalized in emergency department had nonsurgical problems and 58% of the patients had surgical problems. The most common electrolyte abnormality was related to variation in serum sodium and potassium levels in the form of hyponatremia and hypokalemia. Conclusion: The prescription of fluid therapy in emergency is a common clinical event. The foundations that underpin such therapy should be understood by all clinicians involved in the short-term care of patients admitted in emergency. The routine measurement of the renal function tests and electrolytes is thus warranted in all patients hospitalized in emergency departments for the early detection of any possible derangement(s).
Effects of blood pressure level on progression of diabetic nephropathy: results from the RENAAL study.

BACKGROUND Clinical trials of nephropathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus have not examined the effects of systolic blood pressure (SBP) or pulse pressure (PP) on the time to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of baseline and treated SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and PP on composite and individual outcomes including doubling of serum creatinine, ESRD, or death in participants of the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) With the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) Study; to assess the specific effect of the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan potassium on composite and renal outcomes; and to explore the implications of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers as concurrent therapy on composite and renal outcomes. DESIGN A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the hazard risk profile of baseline SBP (categories: <130, 130-139, 140-159, 160-179, and > or =180 mm Hg), DBP (categories: <70, 70-79, 80-89, 90-99, and > or =100 mm Hg), and PP (categories: <60, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, and > or =90 mm Hg) on renal outcomes. PARTICIPANTS The study comprised 1513 participants with established nephropathy and hypertension associated with type 2 diabetes. INTERVENTIONS The RENAAL study was a randomized, placebo-controlled study of losartan vs placebo, with other agents added to achieve the goal of a trough BP (ie, BP immediately prior to the next dosing) below 140/90 mm Hg, and had a mean follow-up of 3.4 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary analysis was time to composite end point of doubling of serum creatinine, ESRD, or death. RESULTS A baseline SBP range of 140 to 159 mm Hg increased risk for ESRD or death by 38% (P =.05) compared with those below 130 mm Hg. In a multivariate model, every 10-mm Hg rise in baseline SBP increased the risk for ESRD or death by 6.7% (P =.007); the same rise in DBP decreased the risk by 10.9% (P =.01) when adjusting for urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, serum creatinine, serum albumin, hemoglobin, and hemoglobin A1c. Those randomized to the losartan group with a baseline PP above 90 mm Hg had a 53.5% risk reduction for ESRD alone (P =.003) and a 35.5% risk reduction for ESRD or death (P =.02) compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Baseline SBP is a stronger predictor than DBP of renal outcomes in those with nephropathy resulting from type 2 diabetes. Those with the highest baseline PP have the highest risk for nephropathy progression but also garner the greatest risk reduction with SBP lowered to less than 140 mm Hg.
Specifically designed physical exercise programs improve children's motor abilities

Physical activity in schools is declining in many countries and inactivity in childhood has become a recognized risk factor. Data from a program of professionally guided physical exercise in primary school children were collected before and after the academic year of training. Four thousand five hundred children (6–10 years) were enrolled, and conditional and coordinative motor abilities (speed, trunk flexibility, long jumping, somersault, Harre circuit test) were measured. Anthropometric measurements were focused on body mass index (BMI), weight and height. Females never showed a significant variation of BMI, whereas males in the first and fourth grades showed significant differences. On the contrary, when considering the motor abilities studied, all the comparisons were highly significant. At the end of training, both males and females did better than at the beginning, and males were constantly faster than females. Our data, generated on a large number of children, show that professionally guided programs of physical education in the primary school lead to significant progresses in the development of conditional and coordinative abilities, without altering BMI values, thus not interfering with the balanced progression of body weight and height.
Endotoxin Contamination of Ovalbumin Suppresses Murine Immunologic Responses and Development of Airway Hyper-reactivity*

The reversible airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) of asthma is modeled by sensitizing and challenging mice with aerosolized ovalbumin. However, the C57BL/6 murine strain does not display the large increase in circulating IgG and IgE antibodies found in human atopy and asthma. We found that commercial ovalbumin was contaminated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in amounts sufficient to fully activate endothelial cells in an in vitro assay of the first step of inflammation. Desensitization of TLR4 by LPS pretreatment suppressed the inflammatory effect of ovalbumin. The presence of LPS was occult, because it does not require serum presentation and, like the LPS of Salmonella minnesota, was not suppressed by polymyxin B. Purified ovalbumin did not activate endothelial cells in vitro; however, endotoxin-free ovalbumin was far more effective than commercial material in stimulating IgE production and respiratory dysfunction in a C57BL/6 murine model of AHR. Moreover, endotoxin-free ovalbumin induced lung inflammation with alveolar enlargement and destruction in a histologic pattern that differed from the changes caused by commercial, endotoxin-contaminated ovalbumin. Reconstitution of purified ovalbumin with S. minnesota LPS decreased lung inflammation, decreased changes in lung function, and suppressed anti-ovalbumin antibody production. We conclude endotoxin contaminates ovalbumin preparations and that endotoxin co-administration with the ovalbumin antigen creates a state of tolerance in a murine model of AHR. Co-exposure to endotoxin and antigen occurs in humans through organic dusts, so murine models of AHR may reflect the clinical situation, but models based on commercial ovalbumin do not accurately reflect the effect of protein antigen alone on animal physiology.
A Comparative Analysis of Two Test Methods of Measuring$d$- and$q$-Axes Inductances of Interior Permanent-Magnet Machine

The interior permanent-magnet (IPM) machine is used in many industrial drives. In order to analyze performance and to design efficient and fast controllers, accurate knowledge of machine parameters such as d- and q-axes inductances is essential. Although there are a number of methods available to calculate these inductances, none of them is considered standard. Accuracy levels of all these methods are also not consistent, and some of the measurement methods require complicated arrangements. Among these test methods, the ac standstill test and a newly developed test method that uses vector current control technique are ideal for a laboratory environment. In this paper, these two methods are compared by applying them to a prototype IPM machine. The paper analyzes the test results of the methods and their differences in detail with the help of finite-element analysis
Flow fields around ciliated larvae: effects of natural artificial tethers

The effects of tethering planktonic organisms on the swimming and feeding currents they produce were examined in 2 different ways. Larvae of the bivalve Crassostrea gigas and the gastropod Calliostoma ligatum were tethered in a miniature flow tank in still water and in water flowing at the approximate swimming speed of the organisms. The currents produced by the velar cilia of these larvae were filmed at 200 frames S-', using algal cells as markers to visualize fluld movement under these 2 conditions. Larvae of the polychaete Mesochaetopterus taylor~ were filmed at 200 frames S-' while swimming and while tethered to a microscope slide by then own mucus. The tethered blvalve larvae in stlll water and the tethered polychaete larvae generated flow fields in which particles followed curved trajectones. In contrast particles followed straighter trajectones around freely swimming polychaete larvae and the bivalve larva tethered in flowing water. For one C. gigas larva, angular velocities of prototrochal cilia were not significantly different under the 2 conditions. Calculations indicate that in still water this larva moved ca 20 O/O less water through the velar cilia per unit time than when in flowing water. For the polychaete, the cilia of tethered larvae beat more slowly than those of freely swimming larvae. For all 3 experimental animals, shear of water around cilia, estimated from clliary angular velocities and particle velocities, was greater for tethered larvae in still water than for those in flowing water or for freely swimming larvae. These changes in flow field, flux through the ciliated layer, and shear of water around cilia all have quantitative effects on rates of feeding calculated from observations on tethered organisms, but effects depend on the mechanism of particle capture utilized. There is no evidence that mechanisms of particle capture are changed as a result of tethering. Because buoyancy and body drag act as partial tethers, results of this study indicate how flow fields can be changed around small, elaborately shaped, planktonic organisms, and at the scale of feeding appendages. Hydrodynamic changes that occur simply as a result of being free swimming or tethered may also have influenced the evolution of body shape and feeding mechanisms of organisms that changed from free living to sessile (or vice versa).
Incremental Associations Between Facets of Anxiety Sensitivity and Posttraumatic Stress and Panic Symptoms Among Trauma‐Exposed Adults

The present investigation examined incremental associations between anxiety sensitivity (AS) subfactors (e.g. physical, psychological, and social concerns) and posttraumatic stress and panic symptoms among trauma‐exposed adults. These effects were examined above and beyond other theoretically relevant factors, including negative affectivity and number of types of trauma exposures. The 239 participants were selected from a university‐ and community‐based sample (129 women; mean age = 23.0 years; SD = 9.6, range = 18–65), all of whom endorsed exposure to traumatic life events. The AS psychological concerns and AS physical concerns lower order factors evidenced distinct associations with posttraumatic stress symptoms and panic‐relevant symptoms, respectively. Specifically, the AS psychological concerns facet was significantly incrementally predictive of posttraumatic stress‐relevant avoidance symptoms. The AS physical concerns facet was significantly incrementally predictive of panic‐relevant symptoms, including anxious arousal, body vigilance, and perceived control over anxiety‐related events. Results are discussed in the context of the relevant theoretical literature pertaining to shared vulnerability and comorbidity between posttraumatic stress and panic.
Women at Risk for Coronary Heart Disease: How Research is Translated Into Innovation and Quality Outcomes at Kaiser Permanente.

In the United States, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the primary cause of death in women and larger than the next 16 causes of death combined.1 Six times as many women die of heart attack as from breast cancer.1 Although onset lags ten years behind that of men, 38% of women die within one year of their first myo-cardial infarction (MI) compared with 25% of men.1 … 38% of women die within one year of their first myocardial infarction (MI) compared with 25% of men.1 Despite these statistics, however, women and their health care providers have for many years perpetuated a misconception that CHD in women is less prevalent and more benign than in men. This mistaken belief has resulted in less aggressive health care for women and less attention to risk factors that require preventive care in women. However, clinical practice guidelines of The Permanente Medical Group (TPMG) have long emphasized the premise that both primary and secondary preventive treatment should be as aggressive for women as for men.2–4