Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meiotic recombination and linkage disequilibrium in the human genome.

XI CHAPTER 1; INTRODUCTION.1 1.1 O v e r v ie w o f M e io s is . 2 1.1.1 Pr o p h a s e . 3 1.1.1.1 Synaptonem al co m p lex . 4 1.1.1.2 R ecom bination N odules and C h ia sm a ta . 5 1.1.1.3 In te rfe ren ce . 6 1.1.2 Re c o m b in a t io n is in it ia t e d b y d o u b l e s t r a n d b r e a k s . 6 1.1.2.1 The double-strand-break repair m o d e l.7 1.1.2.2 The synthesis-dependent strand annealing m o d e l. 7 1.2 R e c o m b in a t io n H o t sp o t s in Y e a s t . 9 1.2.1.1 a H o tsp o ts . 10 1.2.1.2 p H o tsp o ts . 10 1.2.1.3 y H otspots. 11 1.3 L in k a g e D is e q u il ib r iu m . 12 1.3.1 M ea su r e s o f L in k a g e D is e q u il ib r iu m . 13 1.3.1.1 Rmin and the Four G am ete T e s t . 13 1.3.1.2 L ew ontin’s D ’ . 14 1.3.1.3 r2: The correlation o f a lle le s . 15 1.3.2 L in k a g e D ise q u il ib r iu m U n it M a p s . 18 1.3. 3 D e t e r m in in g Re c o m b in a t io n Ra t e s by C o a l e s c e n t A n a l y s is . 20 1.4 R e c o m b in a t io n Ra t e s in H u m a n s . 22 1.4. l C y t o l o g ic a l A n a l y s is . 22 1.4.2 Pe d ig r e e A n a l y s is . 23 Meiotic Recombination and Linkage Disequilibrium in the Human Genome 1.4.3 M e a su r in g Re c o m b in a t io n R a t e s in Sp e r m . 27 1.4.3.1 Single sperm typing.27 1.4.3.2 Batch Sperm Typing.27 1.4.4 H u m a n R e c o m b in a t io n H o t s p o t s . 28 1.4.4.1 Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). 31 1.4.4.2 The MS32 Region. 34 1.4.4.3 P-globin Hotspot. 36 1.4.4. 4 Xp/Yp Pseudoautosomal Region.37 1.4.4.5 Chromosome 21 Hotspots.38 1.4.5 G en e C o n v e r sio n in Hu m a n s . 39 1.4. 6 G l o b a l V iew s o f LD in t h e H u m a n G e n o m e . 40 1.5 W ork in t h is t h e s i s . 43 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS. 45 2.1 M a t e r i a l s . 45 2.1.1 Su p p l ie r s . 45 2.1.2 Ch e m ic a l Re a g e n t s . 45 2.1.2.1 Enzymes. 45 2.1.2.2 Oligonucleotides.45 2.1.2.3 Human DNA . 46 2.1.2.4 Standard solutions. 46 2.1.2.5 11.1 xPCR buffer. 46 2.1.3 C o m p u t e r s . 46 2.2 M e t h o d s . 47 2.2.1 Ge l El e c t r o p h o r e s is . 47 2.2.2 PCR A m p l i f i c a t i o n . 47 2.2.3 PCR c l e a n u p b y E x o n u c le a s e I & S hrim p A l k a l i n e P h o s p h a ta s e Pu r if ic a t io n . 48 2.2.4 Re s e q u e n c in g . 48 2.2.5 Do t Bl o t s . 49 2.2. 6 So u t h e r n B l o t t in g . 49 2.2. 7 D o t b l o t H y b r id is a t io n . 49 2.2. 8 So u t h e r n b l o t h y b r id is a t io n . 50 2.2. 9 Pr o b e r e m o v a l fo r r e -u se o f m e m b r a n e s . 51 2.2.10 Cr o sso v e r A s s a y . 52 2.2.10.1 Primary PCR . 52 Meiotic Recombination and Linkage Disequilibrium in the Human Genome 2.2.10.2 SI nuclease digestion. 52 2.2.10.3 Secondary PCR.52 2.2.10.4 Pilot crossover assay conditions.52 2.2.10.5 Second pilot assay conditions.53 2.2.11 COALESCENT ANALYSIS. 53 2.3 P e r l S c r i p t s . 54 2.3.1 Sc r ipts fo r C o n v e r t in g G e n o t y p e D a t a F ile F o r m a t s . 54 2.3.1.1 HAPGENO.54 2.3.1.2 GENOCLEAN.
YARN in interactive Cross - Platform Query System

- Now a day’s storage of data has a rapid growth which leads to new technologies in the field of big data. IDC predicts that the data volume worldwide will reach 40ZB by 2020. Many systems have been developed for managing and analyzing PB level structured data. Major big data stacks often consist of a general purpose, multi-staged computation framework (e.g. Hadoop) and an SQL query system (e.g. Hive) on its top system. Existing mining and analysis techniques simply are not up to the task of handling big data. One possible solution to this problem is to build Hadoop clusters. In this paper, a new technique has been proposed to manage large scale storage using Hadoop clusters – YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator). This system architecture mainly includes three layers: (1) a storage layer; (2) a scheduling and execution layer; and (3) an application layer providing a cross-platform query interface. Hadoop cluster's parallel processing capabilities certainly help with the speed of the analysis, but as the volume of data to be analyzed grows the cluster's processing power may become inadequate.
Comparative Study of Improved Association Rules Mining Based on Shopping System

------------------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT -------------------------------------------------------------- Data mining is a process of discovering fascinating designs, new instructions and information from large amount of sales facts in transactional and interpersonal catalogs. Since inventory databases, universal product bar codes and scanners, and other such supply chain management technologies have been around for years, the idea of using data to help manage retail operations is not new. However, more recently, the use of data mining to more thoroughly understand patterns of consumer behavior that affect retail operations has become more prevalent. In order to truly understand consumer behavior though, it is beneficial to understand both what they buy and who they are. With this information, we can go beyond traditional inventory management, and craft a much more personalized shopping experience for you. All organizations that collect, store, and analyze data have a responsibility to protect privacy, to guard against misuse and abuse, and to share data only within the constraints of fairly developed and disclosed policies. It will be able to expand and apply effective marketing strategies and in disease identification frequent patterns are generated to discover the frequently occur diseases in a definite area. The conclusion in all applications is some kind of association rules (AR) that are useful for efficient decision making.
Enhanced Adaptive Multimedia Data Forwarding for Privacy Preservation in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

---Data Outsourcing issues were monitored, where a trusted server is in charge of defining and enforcing access control policies. The main scope of the thesis is used to deliver the necessary data for the third party based on demand access. The user access the details on privilege level based on access control. The dual encryption is processed in the cloud environment which is varied from one group to another for secure data transmission process. The thesis summarizes an algorithm namely Enhanced cipher text-policy attribute to enforce access control policies with user revocation capability. This algorithm executed in the basis of setup process to create the master key and public key, key encrypting key generation process, attribute key generation process based on access control, encrypt the data using public key, re-encrypt process using group key and decryption of data. Dual encryption mechanism which takes advantage of the attribute-based encryption and selective group key distribution in each attribute group. Thus, different users are allowed to decrypt different pieces of data as per the security policy. This effectively eliminates the need to rely on the storage server for preventing unauthorized data access. This paper proposes a novel Sybil attack detection mechanism, footprint, using the trajectories of vehicles for identification while still preserving their location privacy. More specifically, when a vehicle approaches a road-side unit (RSU), it actively demands an authorized message from the RSU as the proof of the appearance time at this RSU. A location-hidden authorized message generation scheme is designed for two objectives: first, RSU signatures on messages are signer ambiguous so that the RSU location information is concealed from the resulted authorized message; second, two authorized messages signed by the same RSU within the same given period of time ( temporarily linkable) are recognizable so that they can be used for identification.
Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Commercial poultry production is associated with various stresses responsible for decreasing productive and reproductive performance of growing chicks, breeders and commercial layers. A growing body of evidence shows that most of stresses in poultry production at the cellular level are associated with oxidative stress. Recently, a concept of the cellular antioxidant defense has been revised with special attention paid to cellular redox status maintenance and cell signaling. In fact, antioxidant systems of the living cell are based on three major levels of defense and superoxide dismutase (SOD) is shown to belong to the first level of the antioxidant defense network. Cellular antioxidant defenses are shown to include several options and vitagene activation in stress conditions is considered as a fundamental adaptive mechanism. The vitagene family includes various genes regulating synthesis of protective molecules including thioredoxins, sirtuins, heat shock proteins and SOD. However, by the time of writing no comprehensive review on the roles and effects of SOD in poultry biology has appeared. Therefore, the aim of this review is a critical analysis of the role of SOD in poultry biology with specific emphasis to its functions as an essential part of the vitagene network. From the analysis of the recent data related to SOD in poultry physiology and adaptation to stresses it is possible to conclude that: a) SOD as important vitagene is the main driving force in cell/body adaptation to various stress conditions. Indeed, in stress conditions additional synthesis of SOD is an adaptive mechanism to decrease ROS formation; b) If the stress is too high SOD activity is decreased and apoptosis is activated; c) there are tissue-specific differences in SOD expression which also depends on the strength of such stress-factors as heat, heavy metals, mycotoxins and other stressors; d) SOD is shown to provide an effective protection against lipid peroxidation in chicken embryonic tissues and semen; e) SOD is shown to be protective in heat and cold stress, toxicity stress as well as in other oxidative-stress related conditions in poultry production; f) there are complex interactions inside the antioxidant network of the cell/body to ensure an effective maintenance of homeostasis in stress conditions. Indeed, in many cases, nutritional antioxidants (vitamin E, selenium, carotenoids, phytochemicals, etc.) in the feed can increase SOD expression; g) nutritional means of SOD upregulation in stress conditions of poultry production and physiological and commercial consequences await further investigation; h) vitagene upregulation in stress conditions is emerging as an effective means for stress management.
Culture, Motivational Attributes and Employees’ Perception towards CSR Practices: Evidence from Pakistan

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the employees–corporate social responsibility (CSR) relationship by studying the influence of two cultural values – collectivism and masculinity –on the formation of CSR perceptions. We adopted theoretical framework proposed by Hur and Kim (2017), in which Hofstede’s cultural framework was proposed to explain the effect of the cultural values on employees’ perceptions of CSR practices with the mediatory role of motivational attributions. To establish this framework empirically on Pakistan, a survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 190 employees’ in Pakistan. Data analysis was performed using SEM and CFA. The results indicate that collectivistic (masculine) values were positively (negatively) related to perceptions of CSR. Furthermore, intrinsic attributions of CSR initiatives mediate the positive relationship between collectivism and CSR perceptions and the negative relationship between masculinity and CSR perceptions. These findings suggest that managers must seek to understand employees’ cultural characteristics and the attributions of CSR motivations in order to engage them in driving CSR practices effectively and displaying a positive image of organization.
EFFECT OF MONOCROTOPHOS ON THE PROTEIN METABOLISM IN THE OF OVARY, FAT BODY AND HAEMOLYMPH OF LACCOTREPHES RUBER (LINN.) (HETEROPTERA: NEPIDAE) S.Ravichandran

Monocrotophos[3 hydroxy-N-methyI-cis-crotonamide dimethylphosphate], an organophosphorous insecticide is widely used as an effective crop protectant. It has both systemic and contact properties and has been used against a wide range of insects including mites, Boll worms, sucking insects, leafeating beetles and other larvae on variety of Insect reproduction is an essential physiological process from the point of view of propagation and it has received relatively little direct attention perhaps due to the fact that its processes are so inteimately associated with other systems and are controlled by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The problem of vitellogenesis, a complicated process that takes place during oogenesis, still remains controversial although extensive work has been done on this dynamic aspect of reproduction (review; Engelman, 1970; Mahowald, 1972; Adiyodi and Adiyodi, 1974).
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PHASED ARRAY, MIMO AND PHASED

1Assistant Professor of Electronics and Communication Engineering Gayatri Vidya Parishad College for Degree and PG Courses School of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. 2,3,4,5,6Students of Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Gayatri Vidya Parishad College for Degree and PG Courses School of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract We introduce a new technique for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with closely spaced antennas which we call phased-MIMO radar. The new technique enjoys the advantages of the MIMO radar without losing the main advantage of the phased-array radar, that is scanning the targets almost instantaneously by using electronic switching for beam steering at the transmitting side. The theme of the proposed technique is to partition the transmit array into subarrays that are allowed to overlap. Then, each sub-array is used to transmit a waveform which is orthogonal to the waveforms transmitted by other sub-arrays. Also, the subarrays are combined jointly to form a MIMO radar resulting in higher angular resolution capabilities. The improvements offered by the phased-MIMO radar technique when compared to the phased-array and MIMO radar techniques are demonstrated mathematically and by simulations through analyzing the respective beam-patterns and the output signaltonoise-plusinterference ratios. These results show that the proposed phased-MIMO radar is better when compared to MIMO and phased-MIMO radars.
Role of Transrectal Ultrasound Scan in Patients with Fistula-in-ano: A Clinical Study

Introduction: Anal fistulae are very common and have been studied extensively; some complex forms still continue to pose a difficult surgical problem. The aim of treatment for an anal fistula is to completely cure the fistula while preserving anal function and continence. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective hospital-based study, comprising 30 patients who presented with fistula-in-ano to Department of general surgery, St. Martha’s Hospital, Bengaluru. Results: Of the 30 patients, who underwent transrectal ultrasound scan, fistulous tracts were correctly depicted by transrectal ultrasound scan in 26 patients and internal openings were depicted in 28 patients. All the patients underwent surgical intervention. Intraoperatively, all fistulous tracts and internal openings were identified in 26 and 24 patients, respectively. Intra-operative findings were correlated with those from the transrectal ultrasound scan. Of the 30 patients who underwent surgery, transrectal ultrasound scan accurately identified the presence as well as the correct location of the tract/tracts in 26 patients (86.66%) and the internal opening in 28 patients (93.3%). Transrectal ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 92.85% and 95.83% for identification of the tract and internal opening, respectively, and a positive predictive value of 96.29% and 82.14% for the tract and internal opening, respectively. Conclusion: Transrectal ultrasound scan is a very valuable tool which gives an accurate road map of the fistulous tract/tracts, internal opening and external opening which is of paramount importance in successful management of fistula-in-ano. Transrectal ultrasound scan is a reliable, noninvasive, less expensive, investigative procedure which serves as a beacon for the surgeon intraoperatively to ensure complete cure and prevent recurrences.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of screening for intracranial aneurysms in persons with one first-degree relative with subarachnoid haemorrhage

Introduction Although persons with one first-degree relative with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage have an increased risk of aneurysm formation and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, screening them for unruptured intracranial aneurysms was not beneficial in a modelling study from the 1990s. New data on the risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in these persons and improved treatment techniques call for reassessment of the cost-effectiveness of screening. Patients and methods We used a cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model and Monte Carlo simulation comparing screening and preventive aneurysm treatment with no screening in persons with one first-degree relative with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. We analyzed the impact on quality-adjusted life years, costs and net health benefit of single screening (at varying screening age) and serial screening (with varying screening age and intervals) using a cost-effectiveness threshold of €20,000/quality-adjusted life year. Results In 17 of the 24 strategies assessed, additional costs for screening for unruptured intracranial aneurysm were <€20,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained. The strategy with highest net health benefit was screening at age 40 and 55. Screening every five years from age 20 to 70 yielded the highest health benefits at the highest additional costs. Discussion Based on current risks of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and complications of preventive treatment, several strategies to screen for unruptured intracranial aneurysm in persons with one first-degree relative with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage are cost effective compared with no screening, when applying a cost-effectiveness threshold of €20,000/quality-adjusted life year. Conclusion We recommend discussing with persons at risk the option of screening twice, at age 40 and 55, which will result overall in substantial health benefits at acceptable additional costs.
Software Products Risk Assessment (SPRA) Tool for Determining Source Code Risks

— Lack of the management of software risks is one of the main reasons of software project failure. In order to implement proper risk management processes, it is necessary to evaluate risks, based on the specified criteria. The process of the assessment of risks is a time-consuming process in software engineering. So Tools for automated the risks assessment is needed. In this paper, a method for automatic evaluation of some important measures of risk management is provided. Getting the physical address of the project and analyzing line by line is how this method works. In this analysis, the risks between classes and the internal risks of any class discovered using some criteria. These criteria that are used in this method are based on three-tier architecture. Finally, proposed method, provide some quantities which are represent the impact of the risks. For showing the efficiency of this method, a tool named SPRA is implemented. At the end of this paper, a comparison between two out puts is represented, one output is based on the manual method and the second one is the SPRA tools output. These results indicate that the proposed automation method can increase the accuracy of the assessment while it is optimizing the time and avoiding human errors.
Investigation the Relative Expression of Genes of ATPase Family in Major and Regular Depressed Patients

To develop new pharmaceutical strategies in a comprehensive manner, it is necessary to understand the reasons for major depression. Present paper aims for comparison of expression of ATPase families in major depressed and normal people. Statistical population of this research includes all depressed people coming to professional clinic of Shahryar in 2014-15. This contains 47 depressed patients which were selected based on accessibility from those visiting clinic. 26 normal people were selected as comparison group as well. To study the relative expression of ATPase1-3, quantitative measurement method using Real-Time RT-PCR was used. Relative expression of ATPase2 showed a significant reduction compared to normal people (p<0.02). In patients, ATPase1 had higher relative expression compared to normal people. However, ATPase had no significant difference among patients and normal people. Results demonstrate that ATPase1 and ATPase2 are important variables in depression but ATPase3 plays no pivotal role in this regard.
The effect of childbirth preparation courses on the reduction of anxiety of pregnant women referring to health centers of Sirik in Hormozgan, Iran

Background and Objectives: Delivery is a stressful event in a woman's life which is often accompanied by anxiety. Lack of awareness of unknown pregnancy problems is the cause of increase of mothers` anxiety and medical intervention. The present study was done to measure the effect of childbirth preparation training classes on the anxiety of pregnant mothers. Materials and Methods: This was a semi-experimental study for which 98 pregnant women were selected from those who had referred to the Sirik health clinics by using convenience sampling. They were allocated into the experimental and control groups randomly. The experimental mothers` group were subjected to 8 sessions of preparation for childbirth courses and the control group only received a routine prenatal training. Data were collected using pregnancy anxiety questionnaire (PRAQ) in two steps of pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using chi-square, t-Test and ANOVA. Results : The results showed that there was not a significant difference in anxiety level before the intervention between the two groups. However. There was remarkable decline in all aspects of pregnancy anxiety except fear of variations and common states of fear (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that mothers` anxiety decreased due to participation in preparation for childbirth courses. Thus, implementing this program as a continuous intervention process for pregnant mothers is recommended.
A Wireless Portable Platform for Physiological Potentials Registration and Processing: A Unified Approach

The majority of modern human-machine interfaces are based on the registration of electro-physiological and biometric parameters of the human body, such as electroencephalography, electromyography and electrooculography signals. Although there is a number of scientific, medical and consumer equipment capable of biosignal registration, but each of them has its drawbacks. The immediate objective of this work is to design the modular platform for registration and onboard processing of electrophysiological and biometric data. The key features of the developed system are: capability to acquire different biosignals; universal serial interface for sensors and external devices connection; on-board complex data processing capability; high portability due to capacious battery and variety of available wireless interfaces. In the future work, the developed platform will be tested in real world applications.