Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of the benthic foraminiferal community to a simulated short-term phytodetritus pulse in the abyssal North Pacific

Foraminifera are an important faunal element of the abyssal ecosystem and largely depend on deposited particulate organic matter from the photic zone to sustain their metabolism for growth and reproduction. However, their role in the carbon cycle in deep-sea sediments is insufficiently studied. We investigated benthic foraminifera at Station M (4000 m depth) in the Northeast Pacific and assessed the response of individual species to a simulated phytodetritus pulse during an in situ feeding experiment. Sediments were incubated for 4 d with 13 C-labeled diatoms (Thalassiosira weissflogii) applied to the sediment surface. The living foraminiferal com- munity (>0.063 mm) of the upper 3 cm contained >100 species and was strongly dominated by a few taxa of soft-walled saccamminids. Population density of the entire living foraminiferal com- munity was highest at the sediment surface (mean ± SD = 279 ± 72 ind. 10 cm �3 in background and 13 C-incubated cores) and decreased gradually with depth. Large differences were observed in the uptake of the algal material among species and between depth levels. During the experiment, 0.82 mg C m �2 were ingested, mainly by calcareous (~60%) and agglutinated (~40%) foraminif- era. Uptake was highest at the sediment surface and 3 to 5 times less in deeper sediment horizons. Despite clear signs of vitality and a strong representation in the foraminiferal community, none of the soft-walled species showed a noticeable response to the offered algal material. We conclude that soft-walled foraminifera may not be important to the short-term phytodetrital matter cycling at the abyssal sea floor.
Effects of baseword frequency and orthographic neighborhood size in pseudohomophone naming

Three experiments tested for effects of baseword frequency and orthographic neighborhood size with French pseudohomophones that were orthographic neighbors of the corresponding baseword. Speeded naming of pure lists of pseudohomophones gave a pattern of results that mirrored performance to the basewords themselves: effects of frequency and orthographic neighborhood that significantly interacted. When nonhomophonic nonwords were mixed with the pseudohomophones, the pattern of results mirrored that obtained with nonwords: an effect of orthographic neighborhood, no effect of frequency, and no interaction. When participants were asked to classify the same set of nonwords as sounding like real words or not, baseword frequency significantly affected correct positive responses to pseudohomophones, but orthographic neighborhood had no effect. Capturing these variations in the processing of pseudohomophone stimuli remains a challenge for any comprehensive model of reading. © 2000 Academic Press
Classification with Deep Neural Networks

In this paper, we analyze the use of different neural networks for the text classification task. The accuracy of the studied text classifiers can be changed by a small number of previously classified texts. This is important due to the fact that in many applications of text classification a large number of unlabeled texts are easily accessible, while the receipt of marked texts is quite a difficult task. The paper also shows that the convolution neural network can work better at the level of words, and does not require knowledge of the syntactic or semantic structure of the language. On the other hand, a recurrent neural network for the level of data representation in the form of a sequence can effectively classify the text. Experimental results obtained for text corpora from two different sources show that using a vector data representation can also improve the accuracy of the classification.
Scientific Opinion on a Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment of Salmonella in slaughter and breeder pigs

This Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA) represents a major step forward in terms of modelling Salmonella in pigs from farm to consumption as it takes into account the variability between and within EU Member States (MSs). Around 10-20% of human Salmonella infections in EU may be attributable to the pig reservoir as a whole. From the QMRA analysis it appears that an 80% or 90% reduction of lymph node prevalence should result in a comparable reduction in the number of human cases attributable to pig meat products. Theoretically, according to the QMRA the following scenarios appear possible (a) by ensuring that breeder pigs are Salmonella-free a reduction of 70-80% in high prevalence MSs and 10-20% in low prevalence MSs can be foreseen; (b) by feeding only Salmonella-free feedstuffs, a reduction of 10-20% in high prevalence MSs and 60-70% in low prevalence MSs can be foreseen; and (c) by preventing infection from external sources of Salmonella (i.e. rodents and birds) a reduction of 10-20% in slaughter pig lymph node prevalence can be foreseen in both high and low prevalence MSs. A hierarchy of control measures is suggested - a high prevalence in breeder pigs needs to be addressed first, followed by control of feed and then control of environmental contamination. Also according to the QMRA, for each MS, a reduction of two logs (99%) of Salmonella numbers on contaminated carcasses would result in a 60-80% reduction of the number of human salmonellosis cases attributable to pig meat consumption. The control of Salmonella in pig reservoir in the EU is a reasonable objective. The EU Salmonella control strategy in pigs should be continuously evaluated to identify possible improvements
Nature of L2 Grammatical Proficiency: A Multi-Dimensional Approach

This is a study with descriptive hypothesis-testing design investigating the true nature of L2 grammatical proficiency by focusing on its component parts. It examines the performance of 60 female EFL learners between 19 and 30 years of age at 2 levels of proficiency using 2 types of computerized Grammaticality Judgement tasks in different orders (i.e. Written Stimulus GJ task and Oral Stimulus GJ task) for each participant at a 1 week interval for 2 weeks per each task to determine the extent to which L2 learners' performance is affected by a few components of grammatical proficiency chosen and manipulated out of a great many that exist (i.e. written-oral dichotomy [viz. modality]) as well as language proficiency while focusing on Subjacency. Participants rendered GJ tasks on a 2-point interval. Results from analyzing the elicited measurement data indicated that the performance scores of the two proficiency groups in the two Grammaticality Judgement tasks did not differ significantly.
Detection of Fungicide Resistance

It is important to note that most fungi show a broad range of sensitivities to the spectrum of different fungicides. For example, most fungicides for the control of Chromista (e.g., mefenoxam, fluopicolide, dimethomorph) do not control true fungi; some fungicides are specific for ascomycete (e.g., thiophanate-methyl) or basidiomycete fungi (flutolanil), and species within the same genus of fungi may respond differently to certain fungicides (Leroux et al. 2012). Additionally, different genotypes exist within a spectrum of sensitive to resistant (Albertini et al. 1999). The relationship between the frequency of fungicide application and resistance has been established (King and Griffin, 1985; Suzuki et al. 2010), and the role of rate or dose in this process is deserving of further study (Genet et al. 2006; van den Bosche et al. 2011).
TriControl – A Multimodal Air Traffic Controller Working Position

The TriControl multimodal controller working position (CWP) demonstrates a novel concept for natural humancomputer interaction in Air Traffic Control (ATC) by integrating speech recognition, eye tracking and multi-touch sensing. All three parts of a controller command – aircraft identifier, command type and value – are inserted by the controllers via different modalities in parallel. The combination of natural gazes at aircraft radar labels, simple multi-touch gestures, and utterances of equivalent values are sufficient to initiate commands to be sent to pilots. This reduces both controller workload and the time needed to initiate controller commands. The concept promises easy, well-adjusted, and intuitive human computer interaction.
Comparison of Closed-Chamber and Bowen-Ratio Methods for Determining Methane Flux from Peatland Surfaces

Methane (CH 4 ) is an important greenhouse gas, and it has been estimated that 50% of annual CH 4 comes from terrestrial systems. Better and more accurate methods are needed to quantify CH 4 flux from terrestrial environments. Two general methods commonly applied to measure trace gas fluxes are soil cover (chamber) techniques, and micrometeorology methods. Both of these methods has advantages and disadvantages, yet little information is available concerning the relative performance of the techniques. This study was conducted to compare CH 4 flux measurements obtained by using a dosed-chamber soil cover technique and a micrometeorological method (Bowen-ratio Energy Balance [BREB]). Methane flux rates obtained by both methods were compared using nine time points over 3 d at a peatland site in north central Minnesota. Mean CH 4 fluxes obtained by both methods were of the same magnitude (2.43-5.88 mg CH 4 m -2 h -1 ; however, differences were observed in the magnitudes of temporal variability as well as the detection sensitivities (minimum detectable flux). The minimum detectable flux for the closed-chamber method was 9.32 x 10 -2 mg CH 4 m -2 h -1 , while the minimum detectable flux for the BREB method ranged from 2.16 to 25.5 mg CH 4 m -2 h -1 . Due to analytical uncertainties associated with gas chromatographic determination of CH 4 gradients, the BREB is not recommended.
IBANDRONATE AND ALENDRONATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN A SPECIALIZED CLINIC IN TIRANA

Objective: Biphosphonates are well known drugs for their efficacy in reducing fracture incidence, increasing bone density and improving bone micro architecture. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ibandronate and alendronate used in the treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women over the age of 50 y at a specialized clinic in Tirana and to calculate the annual cost of osteoporosis treatment and perform a cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods: Study design: Retrospective study The patients included were all female, in menopause or post-menopause with T-score-1 to-6, treated with alendronate or ibandronate. The effectiveness of the treatment was calculated as the average percentage of change in bone mineral density (av. % of change in BMD) between 2011 and 2010 (baseline). The annual cost of the osteoporosis treatment according to the protocols and the cost of the DXA (dual x-ray absorptiometry) scan were calculated and the comparison of cost-effectiveness was performed. Results: Patients with osteoporosis treated with ibandronate (n=24) had a statistically significant higher average change from baseline compared to patients treated with alendronate (n=46) (Mann Whitney U = 66.0, p<0.01). The annual cost of treatment with ibandronate was 1.3 times higher than that of alendronate. The cost/efficacy ratio was 13.434 units for ibandronate and 31.677 units for alendronate type A1.
Coupled thermally general imperfect and mechanically coherent energetic interfaces subject to in-plane degradation

To date, the effects of interface in-plane damage on the thermo-mechanical response of a thermally general imperfect (GI) and mechanically coherent energetic interface are not taken into account. A thermally GI interface allows for a discontinuity in temperature as well as in the normal heat flux across the interface. A mechanically coherent energetic interface permits a discontinuity in the normal traction but not in the displacement field across the interface. The temperature of a thermally GI interface is a degree of freedom and is computed using a material parameter known as the sensitivity. The current work is the continuation of the model developed in [21] where a degrading highly-conductive (HC) and mechanically coherent energetic interface is considered. An HC interface only allows for the jump in normal heat flux and not the jump in temperature across the interface. In this contribution, a thermodynamically consistent theory for thermally general imperfect and mechanically coherent energetic interfaces subject to in-plane degradation is developed. A computational framework to model this class of interfaces using the finite element method is established. In particular, the influence of the interface in-plane degradation on the sensitivity is captured. To this end the equations governing a fully non-linear transient problem are given. They are solved using the finite element method. The results are illustrated through a series of three-dimensional numerical examples for various interfacial parameters. In particular, a comparison is made between the results of the intact and the degraded thermally GI interface formulation.
Strengthening the role of universities in addressing sustainability challenges: the Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions as an institutional experiment

As the magnitude, complexity, and urgency of many sustainability problems increase, there is a growing need for universities to contribute more effectively to problem solving. Drawing upon prior research on social-ecological systems, knowledge- action connections, and organizational innovation, we developed an integrated conceptual framework for strengthening the capacity of universities to help society understand and respond to a wide range of sustainability challenges. Based on experiences gained in creating the Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions (Mitchell Center), we tested this framework by evaluating the experiences of interdisciplinary research teams involved in place-based, solutions-oriented research projects at the scale of a single region (i.e., the state of Maine, USA). We employed a multiple-case-study approach examining the experiences of three interdisciplinary research teams working on tidal energy development, adaptation to climate change, and forest vulnerability to an invasive insect. Drawing upon documents, observations, interviews, and other data sources, three common patterns emerged across these cases that were associated with more effective problem-solving strategies. First, an emphasis on local places and short-term dynamics in social- ecological systems research provides more frequent opportunities for learning while doing. Second, iterative stakeholder engagement and inclusive forms of knowledge co-production can generate substantial returns on investment, especially when researchers are dedicated to a shared process of problem identification and they avoid framing solutions too narrowly. Although these practices are time consuming, they can be accelerated by leveraging existing stakeholder relationships. Third, efforts to mobilize interdisciplinary expertise and link knowledge with action are facilitated by an organizational culture that emphasizes mutual respect, adaptability, and solutions. Participation of faculty associated with interdisciplinary academic programs, solutions-oriented fields, and units with partnership-oriented missions hastens collaboration within teams and between teams and stakeholders. The Mitchell Center also created a risk-tolerant culture that encouraged organizational learning. Solutions-focused programs at other universities can potentially benefit from the lessons we learned.
Fast deduplication data transmission scheme on a big data real-time platform

: In this information era, it is difficult to exploit and compute high-amount data efficiently. Today, it is inadequate to use MapReduce to handle more data in less time let alone real time. Hence, In-memory Computing (IMC) was introduced to solve the problem of Hadoop MapReduce. IMC, as its literal meaning, exploits computing in memory to tackle the cost problem which Hadoop undue access data to disk caused and can be distributed to perform iterative operations. However, IMC distributed computing still cannot get rid of a bottleneck, that is, network bandwidth. It restricts the speed of receiving the information from the source and dispersing information to each node. According to observation, some data from sensor devices might be duplicate due to time or space dependence. Therefore, deduplication technology would be a good solution. The technique for eliminating duplicated data is capable of improving data utilization. This study presents a distributed real-time IMC platform -- “Spark Streaming” optimization. It uses deduplication technology to eliminate the possible duplicate blocks from source. It is expected to reduce redundant data transmission and improve the throughput of Spark Streaming.
Clinical Decision Support System Using SVM with the Preservation of Privacy

a clinical decision support system helps clinicians to diagnose various diseases, to check various possibilities regarding diseases and to make correct diagnosis. Late patterns toward remote outsourcing can be misused to give proficient and precise clinical choice backing in medicinal services. In this situation, clinicians can utilize the fitness data located in far flung servers via the net to analyze their sufferers. Then again, the way that these servers are outsider and in this manner conceivably no longer completely trusted increases conceivable protection issues. In this paper, a singular privacy safeguarding system for a clinical choice backing framework is proposed where the patient’s data dependably stay in a scrambled shape amid the decision making system. In this it additionally preserves privacy of patient data from clinician and preserve privacy of patient at server side but clinician is also not trusted person so the privacy of the patient data is needed to be preserved. Henceforth, the server included within the conclusion procedure isn't able to recognize any information about the patient data. The exploratory outcomes on mainstream healing datasets from UCI-database display that the exactness of the decision support system remains constant along with the privacy of affected person records.
HOST-PARASITOID SYSTEMS IN PATCHY ENVIRONMENTS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL

SUMMARY (1) A host-parasitoid model is presented which is intermediate in complexity between the Nicholson-Bailey model (in which the parasitoids search independently randomly in a homogenous environment) and complicated models for incorporating environmental patchiness (in which the overall distribution of parasitoid attacks is derived from detailed assumptions about their searching behaviour and about the spatial distribution of the hosts). The model assumes the overall distribution of parasitoid attacks per host to be of negative binomal form. There are consequently three biological parameters: two are the usual parasitoid 'area of discovery', a, and the host 'rate of increase', F; the third is the negative binomial clumping parameter, k. Such intermediate-level models have proved useful in sorting out ideas in the related disciplines of epidemiology and parasitology. (2) Empirical and theoretical arguments for using the negative binomial to give a phenomenological description of the essential consequences of spatial patchiness in models are surveyed. (3) A biological interpretation of the parameter k in host parasitoid models is offered. If the parasitoids be distributed among patches according to some arbitrary distribution which has a coefficient of variation CVp, and if the parasitoid attack distribution within a patch be Poisson, then the ensuing compound distribution can be approximated by a negative binomial which will have the same variance as the exact distribution provided k is identified as k = (I I/CVp)2. (4) Expressions are obtained for the equilibrium values of host and parasitoid popula- tions. These equilibria are stable if, and only if, k < 1; that is, provided there is sufficient clumping. (5) The dynamical effects of parasitoid aggregation in some respects mimic those introduced by mutual interference among parasitoids; the appropriate coefficient of 'psuedo-interference' is calculated.
Sinusoidal response of a second-order digital filter with two's complement arithmetic

In this brief, results of the sinusoidal response case are presented. It is found that the visual appearance of the trajectory of the sinusoidal response case is much richer than that of the autonomous and step-response cases. Based on the state-space technique, the state vectors to be periodic are investigated. The set of initial conditions and the necessary conditions on the filter parameters are also derived. When overflow occurs, the system is nonlinear. If the corresponding symbolic sequences are periodic, some trajectory patterns are simulated. Since the state-space technique is not sufficient to efficiently derive the sets of initial conditions and the necessary conditions on the filter parameters, a frequency-domain technique is employed to figure out the set of initial conditions. When the symbolic sequences are aperiodic, an elliptical fractal pattern or random-like chaotic pattern is found.
Domain Engineering: A Conceptual Model of the Software Application Architecture

Domain is the business functional workout area to be designed in the mode of discrete component, domain workout area is a conceptual representation of the business logic and rules and real situation objects in the domain, here domain is also called conceptual model of the requirement engineering. In software development requirements must start with domain modeling and business workout area is formulated by the domain modeling for software application architecture. Before requirements can be defined the application domain must be defined. Here domain is the initial conceptual model of the requirement engineering. Domain classify with vertical and horizontal method to prove number of modules in hierarchical mechanism with interface in vertical method and functionalities of the each modules is defined in horizontal method. Domain engineering directly support to the acquiring business rule, logic and functionalities. As well as define the requirement elicitation and specification using tools and techniques of the domain engineering. Using this the physical objectization is extracted. In this paper we outline the basic facets of objectization from domains.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR CREDIT RISK ASSESSMENT : ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES

This work tries to determine the probability of default as a tool to measure credit risk in a Tunisian commercial bank. A scoring model was built according to the traditional technique of logistic regression (LR), and artificial intelligence techniques i.e. artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machines (SVM). Then a comparison was made between these models using performance metrics such as the confusion matrix and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) in order to identify the most efficient model. Our results show that the Radial Basis Function kernel SVM was the most performing method in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity with the least error rates. Thus, in the Tunisia context, this model is worth implementing in banking institutions in order to improve their credit risk management measures to monitor and control credit.