Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chicas y poder en la escuela. Identidades académicas, sociales y de género entre jóvenes de la periferia

El aparente mayor exito escolar de las jovenes en la mayoria de niveles educativos enmascara la permanencia de dificultades y de exclusiones que todavia viven las chicas a su paso por la escuela. Asi mismo, la juventud de clases trabajadoras, ahora ya de diversos origenes en un contexto de viejas y nuevas migraciones como Cataluna, sufren un mayor fracaso escolar y una peor insercion laboral en relacion con su nivel de estudios y en comparacion con el resto de clases sociales. Sin embargo, pocos estudios se han planteado que tipo de experiencia escolar se desarrolla en las periferias urbanas para las clases trabajadoras actuales. Esta tesis se basa en una etnografia en la que se ha seguido a una cohorte de chicas y chicos de clases trabajadoras de diversos origenes escolarizados en un curso de Tercero de ESO de un centro publico de una ciudad de la periferia de Barcelona. El abordaje etnografico se llevo a cabo durante un curso escolar, desarrollando un ulterior seguimiento de una muestra significativa de chicas durante los tres cursos siguientes. Desde una perspectiva de genero, se aborda la tension entre los limites y las oportunidades que la escuela aparentemente ofrece a las chicas de clase trabajadora y de minorias. Se analizan sus experiencias escolares y sociales, las practicas discursivas de profesorado y del alumnado, las tecnologias disciplinarias y los mecanismos escolares de organizacion del alumnado, asi como su impacto en sus identidades en construccion. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la escuela de la periferia produce nuevas e interiorizadas desigualdades para la mayoria de su alumnado aunque consigue el exito para un grupo seleccionado, que no solo no coincide de forma plena con el alumnado con mayores expectativas, sino tampoco con el alumnado que muestra inicialmente mayor potencial, muy especialmente en el caso de las chicas: de los 80 estudiantes que compusieron la cohorte inicial, solo 11 llegaron a terminar bachillerato, y solo 3 fueron chicas. Se produce, finalmente, un progresivo e involuntario desempoderamiento de las chicas de clase trabajadora fuertes y asertivas, una invisibilidad de sus procesos escolares y sociales de exclusion, y una seleccion escolar que produce un fragil exito en las jovenes que consiguen acceder a estudios postobligatorios, ante un mercado laboral en el que solo una escolarizacion mucho mayor que la de sus padres les puede garantizar cierta movilidad social por esta compleja via y a largo plazo.
Growth inhibition of BEL‐7404 human hepatoma cells by expression of mutant telomerase reverse transcriptase

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in Asia and Africa. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is expressed in HCC but absent in normal human liver cells, which is consistent with the expression pattern of telomerase. In the present study, expression of a dominant‐negative form of hTERT (DN‐hTERT) resulted in inhibition of telomerase activity and decreased mean telomeric length of BEL‐7404 human hepatoma cells, whereas expression of wild‐type hTERT (WT‐hTERT) and control vector had no such effects. Cell growth was inhibited by this mutant (DN‐hTERT), which was consistent with the changes in telomerase level. Flattened large cells were found in late generations with the DN‐hTERT treatment. When mean telomeric length of DN‐hTERT–transfected cells reached a critical length (about 1.7 kb), apoptosis was induced. Tumorigenicity of DN‐hTERT–expressing cells was eliminated in vivo. These data indicated that hTERT was essential for the growth of hepatoma cells. hTERT can also be used as an important target for anti‐HCC drug screening. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PATTERNS OF OCULAR DOMINANCE*

ABSTRACT The dominant eye has been defined as the eye which is used to sight with, or whose input is favored when there is conflicting information to the two eyes. Many investigators report differences in measured dominance as a function of the test used. Fifty‐seven normal subjects were tested on thirteen different tests for ocular dominance. Analysis of the results reveals three types of ocular dominance: sighting dominance, sensory dominance and acuity dominance.
Corrections and revised analyses for psychotherapy in methadone maintenance patients.

To the Editor. — In a recent communication, our colleague Jim Mintz, PhD, has brought to our attention several inconsistencies in our articles reporting the results of our study of two forms of professional psychotherapy compared with drug counseling in the treatment of methadone-maintained opiate addicts. Two of these articles were published in the American Journal of Psychiatry . 1,2 We have recently published a letter of correction regarding the problems noted in those articles. 3 The present communication addresses problems with the presentation of Table 3 (p 642) in our article in the June 1983 issue of theArchives. 4 The first problem was a type-setting error that omitted the line of original data values for the Maudsley Neuroticism Scale and shifted the other data lines down one row. Another error was in the actual values presented for the Symptom Checklist 90-Item (SCL-90) Scale, which are inaccurate. Finally, changes in
The mitochondrial genome of the Japanese skeleton shrimp Caprella mutica (Amphipoda: Caprellidea) reveals a unique gene order and shared apomorphic translocations with Gammaridea

This study presents the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the amphipod Caprella mutica, an east-Asian species, which recently invaded the coastal regions of North America, Europe, and New Zealand. It is the first complete sequence of a member of the amphipod subclade Caprellidea. The mt genome has a total length of 15,427 bp and is organized in a circular double-strand molecule. All 37 mt genes are present, including the common set of 22 tRNAs. Particularly noticeable is the duplication of the control region (CR). The additional CR is located between nad6 and cob, and is almost identical to the original one. The most extensive changes in the gene order affect nad5 and a block consisting of trnH, nad4, nad4L, and trnP—all inserted near the original CR. The gene nad5 is also inverted. Furthermore, a comparison with the pancrustacean ground pattern reveals additional changes of individual tRNA genes. Some of these changes are also shared by Metacrangonyx longipes and Parhyale hawaiensis. These arrangements were found only in amphipods and might be considered as apomorphic by character states of Amphipoda. In all the three species, there is good evidence that trnG originated from a rare duplication/remolding event of the adjacent trnW gene. Nevertheless, each of the three available amphipod mitogenome sequences also bears unique rearrangements. C. mutica, however, shows the most extensive rearrangement in comparison with the pancrustacean ground pattern.
Sensing in Mobile Sensor Networks with Noisy Mobility Knowledge

In this paper, we study the performance of sensing in mobile sensor networks with imperfect knowledge of neighborhood mobility. We examine the impact of exchanging incorrect mobility information on the cost of sensing and the required target coverage. The study is performed for two target coverage models: an independent coverage model and a Markovian one. We demonstrate via extensive simulations that a small amount of the mobility information is required to be successfully exchanged between the mobile sensors to provide the required coverage of targets. Finally, we conduct an experiment at the University of Toronto campus to show the impact of the mobility knowledge in sensing. The experiment results match our expectation in terms of the target coverage, sensing cost, and trade-off between the two metrics.
Guanosine 3',5'-Monophosphate in Sympathetic Ganglia: Increase Associated with Synaptic Transmission

Brief stimulation of cholinergic preganglionic nerve fibers resulted in an increase in guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in the bullfrog sympathetic ganglion. When the release of synaptic transmitter was prevented by a high-magnesium, low-calcium Ringer solution, stimulation of preganglionic nerve fibers did not increase cyclic GMP in the ganglion. The increase in cyclic GMP caused by preganglionic stimulation was also blocked by the muscarinic antagonist, atropine. The data indicate that the increase in cyclic GMP is associated with synaptic transmission and support the possibility that cyclic GMP may mediate the postsynaptic action of acetylcholine at muscarinic cholinergic synapses.
The role of the secretory immune response in the infection by Entamoeba histolytica

Intestinal infection with the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica elicits a local immune response with rising of specific secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies detectable in several compartments associated to mucosa. Anti‐amoebic sIgA antibodies have been reported in faeces, saliva, bile and breast milk from dysenteric patients and research trying to elucidate their role in protection has recently intensified. IgA antibodies inhibit the in vitro adherence of E. histolytica trophozoites to epithelial cell monolayers by recognizing several membrane antigens, including the galactose‐binding lectin (Gal‐lectin), main surface molecule involved in adherence, and the serine and cystein‐rich proteins, all of them potential vaccine candidates. In fact, the presence of sIgA anti‐Gal lectin in faeces of patients recovered from amoebic liver abscess (ALA) was associated with immunity to E. dispar. Moreover, the combined nasal and intraperitoneal vaccination of C3H/HeJ mice with native and recombinant Gal‐lectin protected mice against an intracecal challenge with virulent E. histolytica trophozoites, protection that seemed to be associated with the induction of specific intestinal sIgA antibodies. Therefore, the stimulation of intestinal secretory response by mucosal delivery of amoebic antigens has been positioned as a promising strategy for inducing protection against human amoebiasis.
A simulation study of overflow replacement policies for location management in mobile networks

Location management is one of the most important issues of mobile networking systems. Most current mobile systems employ a two-tier database structure to store mobile users' information. HLR (Home Location Register) is used to retrieve user's information, and VLR (Visitor Location Register) is the temporal database for storing visitors' profiles. In the case when the number of users exceeds the capacity of the VLR due to mobility, database overflow occurs. To solve this problem, different replacement policies have been developed: random, most-idle, and inactive. In this paper, we propose a new policy, the least frequent replacement policy, which selects the least frequently accessed users as replacement candidates. Extensive simulation is carried out to predict the performance of the existing replacement policies and the proposed least frequent policy. Our simulation results show that the most idle and least frequent policies outperform the inactive and random replacement policies in most cases and the least frequent policy performs slightly better than the most idle replacement policy.
Natural Killer Cells: Characteristics and Regulation of Activity

Recently there has been increasing recognition of natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity as a potentially important antitumor effector mechanism in addition to that of specifically immune T cells and of activated macrophages. Although natural cellular cytotoxicity was first recognized only a few years ago (Herberman et al. 1973,1974, McCoy et al. 1973b, Oldham et al. 1973, Rosenberg et al. 1972,1974), there has already been extensive research in many laboratories on the nature of the effector cells, the possible mechanisms of cytotoxicity, the factors regulating the levels of reactivity, and the relevance of natural immunity to in vivo resistance against tumor growth and immune surveillance. A principal component of natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity in rodents and man has been found to be a particular subpopulation of lymphocytes which have been termed natural killer (NK) cells. We have recently reviewed in detail much of the available information on NK cells (Herberman & Holden 1978). In this paper we will only summarize our views on the characteristics of NK cells and focus on a few issues of current interest in our laboratory.
Parent-Infant Psychotherapy

A Ruth Fischer pointed out in her introduction to this panel, an emphasis on the importance of early experience was part of the foundation of psychoanalysis. Yet infant observation and direct work with infants were considered irrelevant to the field in its early years. However, burgeoning interest in the 1950s and 1960s by Anna Freud, Melanie Klein, Donald Winnicott, Margaret Mahler, Fred Pine, John Bowlby, René Spitz, and Annie Bergman and later by Selma Fraiberg, John and Erna Furman, Daniel Stern, Peter Fonagy, and others brought change to psychoanalysis. Following a period of controversy, infant observation came to be considered informative and, eventually, necessary. Attachment theory and ideas about the separation‐individuation process in infancy became more widely known. Ideas generated by infant research were met with interest rather than skepticism, and findings began to be integrated into psychoanalytic theory. Beebe, Lachmann, Tronick, and others began the microanalysis of interaction in mother‐infant pairs, which led to increased understanding of mutual regulation within the dyad, as well as of a multiplicity of other relational processes. Advances in neuroscience led to further understanding that brain development and attachment rela‐ tionships mutually influence each other. This progress in the field led us to an even greater appreciation of the importance of the earliest mother‐infant relationship; the mother’s rela‐ tional style, the degree of influence of intergenerational patterns, her ability to regulate her own emotional and physiological states and to help the infant do the same, her capacity for reflective function, empathic responsiveness, and attunement‐‐all affect the infant’s development of the capacity for self‐regulation, reflective functioning, responsiveness, empa‐ thy, and the like. When there is disturbance in the early mother‐infant relationship, the consequences for the infant may be dire. Originally a technique for
Robust and Stable Locally Linear Embedding

Recently, some manifold learning methods have aroused a great of interest in many fields of information processing. However, these manifold learning methods are not robust against outliers. In this paper, an outlier detection algorithm is proposed, and we propose a robust and stable locally liner embedding(RSLLE) algorithm by introducing multiple linearly independent local weight vectors to represent the local geometry for each neighborhoods of clean data points. For the outlier points, RSLLE learns the local geometry by using a single weight vector. Numerical examples are given to show the improvement and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
GM‐CSF promotes proliferation of human fetal and adult microglia in primary cultures

Proliferation of microglia/macrophages is a common finding in many central nervous system diseases. To identify mitogenic signals for human microglia, we examined primary cultures of human fetal and adult microglia after stimulation with cytokines, colony stimulating factors (CSFs), or LPS, using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression as an index of cell proliferation. The results showed that both M‐CSF and GM‐CSF induced microglial proliferation in fetal and adult human cultures, but that GM‐CSF provided a much stronger stimulus. At 96 h post‐stimulation, the mean PCNA labeling index was 2.4 for M‐CSF and 13.3 for GM‐CSF in fetal microglia; in adult microglia, the PCNA labeling index was 4.7 for M‐CSF and 9.0 for GM‐CSF. The effect of GM‐CSF on fetal microglia was dose dependent and synergistic with M‐CSF. LPS abolished the basal level of PCNA labeling in adult microglia, but in fetal microglia, caused a slight increase in PCNA labeling (1.9) at 96 h and consistently enhanced microglial cell survival and differentiation into highly branched cells. The production of GM‐CSF in purified human fetal astrocyte and microglial cultures was examined after stimulation with LPS, TNF‐α, or IL‐1β. Unlike M‐CSF, neither cell type produced GM‐CSF in unstimulated cultures; however, when stimulated with IL‐1β, astrocytes expressed GM‐CSF mRNA and protein, which accumulated in the culture through 72 h. In microglia, LPS was the only effective inducing agent. An immunocytochemical study performed to identify in vivo sources of GM‐CSF revealed selective labeling of reactive astrocytes in active lesions of multiple sclerosis and senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease. Our data demonstrate that both fetal and adult human microglia are capable of proliferation in response to CSFs, GM‐CSF being the more effective stimulus.
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition of Flexible Clap and Fling Motions via High-Speed Deformation Measurements

Many complex unsteady mechanisms are thought to facilitate the high efficiency and agility commonly observed in small biological flyers. One of these, the flexible clap and fling maneuver, has not been extensively studied; an experimental characterization is the focus of this work. The clap-fling mechanism is approximated with a single flexible membrane flapping wing, replacing the symmetry plane between two wings with a splitter plate simulating the pair wing. This produces a complex vibro-impact aeroelastic problem, the deformation resulting from which is measured with a high-speed visual image correlation system. A low-dimensional representation of the ensuing large data set is obtained with proper orthogonal decomposition. The POD modes, and the relative importance of each, can help elucidate crucial mechanisms and relationships within the flapping system, and are computed for various membrane wing structures and flapping frequencies, with or without the presence of the splitter plate.
Socio-Economic Status in Relation to Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Disease, in Healthy Individuals from the ATTICA Study

Background Social status has been related with the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between socio-economic status (SES) and clinical and biochemical factors related to coronary heart disease, in a sample of cardiovascular disease-free men and women. Design Cross-sectional survey. Methods During 2001-2002, 1514 men (20-87 years old) and 1528 women (20-89 years old) from the Attica region (Greece) were randomly enrolled into the study. Trends in established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors were examined across the participants' socio-economic status. A special index was developed (years of school by annual income) and three socio-economic classes were created. Results An inverse relationship was found regarding all lipids and glucose levels across the tertiles of the SES index. An inverse association was observed between body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and SES in men, but not in women. Furthermore, compared to the lowest tertile, individuals who were classified in the highest SES tertile had lower levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and white blood cell counts, even after adjusting for various potential confounders. Finally, a considerable proportion of men and women reported lack of health knowledge and education. Conclusions An inverse association between SES and factors related to cardiovascular risk exists, but the causal pathway itself requires more detailed explanation before the social status can have explanatory power.
Educational differences in the dynamics of disability incidence, recovery and mortality: Findings from the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS).

BACKGROUND This study aims to establish the extent of educational differences in the disability transitions of incidence, recovery and mortality in people aged 65 years and over, whether these can be explained by differentials in disease burden and their relative contribution to educational differences in prevalence and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). METHODS A stratified random sample of 13 004 participants in five areas in England and Wales were interviewed in 1991-94 and followed up at 2, 6 (one centre only) and 10 years. Two levels of disability were analysed: mobility difficulty and activities of daily living (ADL) disability. We fitted logistic regression models to model educational differences in disability prevalence, incidence, recovery and mortality transitions. DFLE was calculated to assess the combined effect of the dynamic transitions. RESULTS Those with < or =9 years education had higher ADL and mobility disability prevalence and higher incidence and lower recovery of mobility disability. Differences in disability incidence remained after adjustment for comorbidity. Women with the lowest education had shorter life expectancies (1.7 years less at the age of 65 years) than the most educated and had even shorter DFLE (1.9 years free of ADL disability and 2.8 years free of mobility difficulty at the age of 65 years). CONCLUSIONS Differentials in education continue to contribute to prevalence of disability at ages beyond 65 years in both men and women and independently of diseases. These appear to be driven predominantly by differentials in disability incidence that also compound to produce greater differentials in DFLE between education groups than in total years lived.
Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography

The long-term isolation of South America during most of the Cenozoic produced a highly peculiar terrestrial vertebrate biota, with a wide array of mammal groups, among which caviomorph rodents and platyrrhine primates are Mid-Cenozoic immigrants. In the absence of indisputable pre-Oligocene South American rodents or primates, the mode, timing and biogeography of these extraordinary dispersals remained debated. Here, we describe South America's oldest known rodents, based on a new diverse caviomorph assemblage from the late Middle Eocene (approx. 41 Ma) of Peru, including five small rodents with three stem caviomorphs. Instead of being tied to the Eocene/Oligocene global cooling and drying episode (approx. 34 Ma), as previously considered, the arrival of caviomorphs and their initial radiation in South America probably occurred under much warmer and wetter conditions, around the Mid-Eocene Climatic Optimum. Our phylogenetic results reaffirm the African origin of South American rodents and support a trans-Atlantic dispersal of these mammals during Middle Eocene times. This discovery further extends the gap (approx. 15 Myr) between first appearances of rodents and primates in South America.