Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symbiotic cyanobacteria in lichens

Cyanolichens are obligate symbioses between fungi and cyanobacteria. They occur in many types of environments ranging from Arctic tundra and semi-deserts to tropical rainforests. Possibly even a majority of their global species diversity has not yet been described. Symbiotic cyanobacteria provide both photosynthate and fixed nitrogen to the fungal host and the relative importance of these functions differs in different cyanolichens. The cyanobiont can either be the sole photosynthetic partner or a secondary symbiont in addition to a primary green algal photobiont. In addition, the cyanolichen thallus may incorporate a plethora of other microorganisms. The fungal symbionts in cyanolichens are almost exclusively ascomycetes. Nostoc is by far the most commonly encountered cyanobacterial genus. While the cyanobacterial symbionts are presently not readily identifiable to species, molecular methods work well on the generic level and offer practical means for identifying symbiotic cyanobacterial genotypes. The present diversity of lichen cyanobionts may partly reflect the evolutionary effects of their lichen-symbiotic way of life and dispersal.
Peer Pressure and SNS Addiction in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of SNS-Use Motives

The present research was carried out to clarify relationships between peer pressure, social networking site (SNS) addiction, and SNS-use motives in Korean adolescents. Adolescent SNS users (N = 300, 52.70% female) completed self-report measures of peer pressure, SNS addiction, and SNS-use motives. Findings indicated that adolescents reporting more peer pressure had higher levels of SNS addiction. Moreover, the relationship between peer pressure and SNS addiction was mediated by coping and social-conformity use motives. Results are discussed in terms of implications for prevention and intervention, for adolescents facing peer pressure.
Evaluation on Nonholonomic Constraints and Rauch–Tung–Striebel Filter-Enhanced UWB/INS Integration

Precise and seamless positioning is becoming a basic requirement for the Internet of Things (IoT). However, there is a gap for precise positioning in Global Navigation Satellite System- (GNSS-) denied indoor areas. Thus, a multisensor integration system based on ultrawide-band (UWB), inertial navigation system (INS), nonholonomic constraints (NHCs), and Rauch–Tung–Striebel (RTS) smoother is proposed. In this system, the UWB performs as the major precise positioning system, while the INS bridges the UWB-degraded and UWB-denied periods. Meanwhile, the NHC restrains the drifts of INS, while the RTS smoother further upgrades the navigation accuracy. The contributions of this article are as follows. First, it presents the robust least square- (RLS-) based UWB positioning. The proposed method is effective in mitigating the impact of the effect of non-line-of-sight (NLOS), which is one of the most significant error sources for UWB positioning. Second, it derives the mathematical model of the UWB/INS/NHC/RTS integration, which is new compared to the existing approaches. Results illustrate that the proposed system can provide centimeter-level positioning accuracy, millimeter-level velocimetry accuracy, and accuracy of better than 0.05 and 0.15 degrees for horizontal and vertical attitude angles, respectively. Even in the scenario with short-term UWB outages (30 s), simulation results show that the three-dimensional position still can be better than 20 cm. Such accuracy values reach the state-of-the-art for indoor positioning using UWB and INS.
The effects of loneliness and social isolation on all-cause, injury, cancer, and CVD mortality in a cohort of middle-aged Finnish men. A prospective study

Abstract Objectives Loneliness and social isolation both increase mortality and are likely to affect health via several pathways. However, information on the potential pathways remains scarce. We investigated the associations between loneliness, social isolation, and mortality, and possible mechanisms underlying these connections. Methods The analyzed data comprised a prospective population-based cohort of Finnish men (42–61 years at baseline, n = 2588) who were followed up for an average of 23.2 years. Mortality data were obtained from the national population register in 2012. Cox proportional hazards analysis with adjustments for possible confounding factors was used to examine the associations between loneliness and social isolation at baseline and all-cause, injury, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the associations of loneliness and social isolation with mortality. Results Loneliness predicted all-cause mortality, even after adjustments for all covariates. Loneliness predicted cancer mortality, except after adjustments for lifestyle variables or Human Population Laboratory (HPL) depression scores, and also predicted CVD mortality, except after adjustments for HPL depression scores. Social isolation predicted all-cause mortality and injury mortality. The effect of social isolation on all-cause mortality was mediated by loneliness and HPL depression scores. Conclusions Our findings suggest that both loneliness and social isolation increase the risk of all-cause mortality, while they have differing effects on different causes of death. Loneliness and depressive symptoms may mediate the effect of social isolation on increased mortality.
Inhibition of steroidogenic response to ACTH by leptin: implications for the adrenal response to maternal separation in neonatal rats.

Previous studies have shown that leptin can regulate the adrenocortical axis. Neonatal rodents exhibit a period of adrenal hyporesponsiveness to stress in the first 2 weeks of life and we determined the role of leptin as a mediator of this process. We examined the direct effects of leptin on neonatal adrenal steroidogenic responses to ACTH under basal conditions and after 24h maternal separation. In isolated adrenocortical cells from as early as postnatal day (PND) 5 and throughout the neonatal period, acute (2h30) incubation with leptin significantly inhibited ACTH-stimulated corticosterone and aldosterone secretion, without affecting cAMP production. In PND10 pups, 24h maternal separation and the resulting rapid decline in plasma leptin levels increased basal corticosterone and aldosterone secretion in vivo and in isolated cells, but did not modify the ability of leptin to inhibit stimulated steroid production in vitro. Maternal separation in PND10 pups increased adrenal expression of StAR and PBR proteins as well as all steroidogenic enzymes measured (3βHSD, P450C11B1 and P450C11B2). Leptin (1mg/kg bw, ip) replacement during maternal separation did not affect basal corticosterone output, but reduced corticosterone secretion, StAR and PBR expression induced by exogenous ACTH challenge (20 or 80 ug/kg bw, ip). These results indicate that leptin inhibits ACTH-stimulated secretion of corticosterone and aldosterone at least through a rapid reduction in the expression of StAR and PBR protein in the neonatal adrenal gland. Since leptin concentrations in pups are controlled to a large extent by maternal diet, these results emphasize the key role of leptin to mediate the maternal influence on the adrenocortical axis of the infant.
How much Biodiversity is in Natura 2000

In order to assess the significance of the presumed “umbrella effect” of Natura 2000 areas the European Commission initiated a study, in 2013, to address the following questions: 1) Which are, amongst the species regularly occurring within the European territory of the EU-28 Member States, those that significantly benefit from the site conservation under the EU Birds and Habitats Directive? 2) What is the percentage of all species occurring in the wild in the EU that benefit significantly from Natura 2000? 3) How significant is the contribution of Natura 2000 in relation to the objective of halting and reversing biodiversity loss? The approach used existing data, and covered the terrestrial mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibian, butterfly and plant species. The analysis is mostly based on statistical distribution models and GIS processing of species distribution data in relation to their presence within protected areas of the Natura 2000 network. The main findings for all species groups were: Animal species for which Natura 2000 areas were not specifically designated occur more frequently inside Natura 2000 than outside (in particular breeding birds and butterflies). These species do, therefore, gain benefit from the protected areas network. The species for which Natura 2000 areas were designated generally occur more frequently within the Natura 2000 site boundaries than the nonannex species; this is in particular the case for birds and butterflies, for amphibians and reptiles the difference is negligible. More specific conclusions and findings, as well as discussion of these results and implications for further studies are included in the report.
Formation of wide-blocky calcite veins by extreme growth competition

Liassic limestones on the coast of Somerset in the UK contain dense arrays of calcite microveins with a common, but poorly understood microstructure, characterized by laterally wide crystals that form bridges across the vein. We investigated the mechanisms of formation and evolution of these ‘wide-blocky’ vein microstructures using a combination of high-resolution analytical methods, including virtual petrography, optical cathodoluminescence and scanning electron microscopy techniques (e.g. energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, back-scattered electron imaging, cathodoluminescence and electron back-scattered diffraction), laboratory experiments and multiphase field modelling. Our results indicate that the studied veins formed in open, fluid-filled fractures, each in a single opening and sealing episode. As shown by the optical and electron back-scattered diffraction images, the vein crystals grew epitaxially on grains of the wall rock and we hypothesize that their growth rates differed depending on whether the crystals were on a wall rock grain substrate that fractured intergranularly (slow growth rates) or transgranularly (rapid growth rates). Our multiphase field models support this hypothesis, showing that wide, blocky crystals only form where there are significant differences in the growth rate and are dependent on the type of seed grain. These results provide strong evidence for extreme growth competition, a process that we propose controls vein-filling in many micritic carbonate reservoirs, as well as demonstrate that the characteristics of the fracture wall can affect the filling processes in syntaxial veins. Supplementary material: The description and images of the studied thin sections are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.5172371. High-resolution optical microscopy mosaics (under plane-polarized- and crossed polarized light) of the thin section collection in PetroScan file format are available on request from the authors.
LIFE, CULTURE AND SUBJECTIVITY IN THE SOFTWARE INDUSTRY: THE DISCOURSE OF “FULL SELFHOOD” AMONG TECH PROFESSIONALS

The push for tech companies to incorporate fun and leisure at work as seen in games rooms, health and wellness, and onsite exercise facilities encourages employees in the industry to celebrate work as a core aspect of their subjectivities, and purports to create space for them to bring their “full selves” to professional spaces. Yet, while the individuals I studied were often called to be their “full selves” in the online and offline settings of their places of work and throughout the broader industry, this could be a frustrating discourse, in particular for those who were underrepresented. In the present paper I investigate the industry discourse around “full selfhood” alongside an analysis of how individuals working in the sector negotiated this discourse. I ask how the relation between subjectivity and culture may serve to reproduce or challenge inequities within the sector. Relatedly, I argue that in professional software contexts, performing subjectivity can be an exhaustive process that involves continuous assessment, further complexifying how to perform the “full self. ” Additionally, the discourse of “full selfhood” exists within spaces dominated by privileged identities, and in which “ideal” subjectivities often correspond to these positionalities. Thus, the “full selfhood” discourse can lead to tensions surrounding the subjectivities individuals are called to have, and those they are able to take up and sustain, bringing political consequences centered on the self.
Phylogeography and phylogeny of Lepus californicus (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) from Baja California Peninsula and adjacent islands

The current distribution and genetic relationships among populations of jackrabbits of the genus Lepus in the Baja California Peninsula and adjacent islands resulted from climate warming and rising sea levels following the Last Glacial Maximum, ~21 000 years BP. The colour pattern of the pelage and the genetic, biogeographic, and taxonomic relationships among peninsular and insular jackrabbit populations were investigated using four mitochondrial DNA genes (Cyt b , DLoop, COI, and COIII) and one nuclear gene ( β -fib I7). The phylogenetic analyses identified two clades, one of them with three well-supported subclades that corresponded to three geographical groups within the Baja California Peninsula (including insular populations), with a slight genetic differentiation between these subclades (average of 0.5%). The second clade corresponded to a group outside the Baja California Peninsula. Insular populations appear to have been isolated within the last 5000 years. We recommend dividing L. californicus in the Baja California Peninsula and adjacent islands into four groups at subspecific level.
FATORES ASSOCIADOS À CULTURA DE SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE EM UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

Objetivo: avaliar a cultura de seguranca do paciente e os fatores a ela associados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, sob a otica da equipe multiprofissional. Metodo: estudo transversal, realizado em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, com 132 participantes, que responderam o instrumento Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, entre novembro e dezembro de 2018. Para analise dos fatores associados a cultura de seguranca do paciente, foi utilizada a regressao de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: o nivel geral de cultura de seguranca do paciente foi estatisticamente associado apenas a satisfacao no trabalho. Oito das 12 dimensoes foram estatisticamente associadas a satisfacao no trabalho, ao tempo de trabalho na profissao, ao tempo de trabalho em terapia intensiva, ao tempo de trabalho na unidade e ao grau de instrucao. Conclusao: promover a satisfacao no trabalho pode ajudar a desenvolver a cultura de seguranca do paciente em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Descritores: Seguranca do Paciente. Gestao da Seguranca. Cultura Organizacional. Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Equipe Multiprofissional.
African Lightning and its Relation to Rainfall and Climate Change in a Convection‐Permitting Model

Global climate models struggle to simulate both the convection and cloud ice fundamental to lightning formation. We use the first convection‐permitting, future climate simulations for the lightning hot spot of Africa, at the same time utilizing an ice‐based lightning parametrization. Both the model and observations show that lightning over Africa's drier areas, as well as the moist Congo, have more lightning per rainfall than other regions. Contrary to results in the literature, the future projection shows little increase in total lightning (~107 flashes (or 2%) per degree warming). This is a consequence of increased stability reducing the number of lightning days, largely offsetting the increased graupel and updraft velocity driving an increase in lightning per lightning day. The next step is to establish if these results are robust across other models and, if combined with parametrized‐convection models, whether ensemble‐based information on the possible responses of lightning to climate change can be investigated.
Turn-of-the-month effect in three major emerging countries

PurposeThe purpose if this paper is to examine the turn-of-the-month effect in the equity market of three major emerging countries – Brazil, India and China – from January 2000 to December 2017.Design/methodology/approachOrdinary least square regression analysis is used to examine the presence of the turn-of-the-month effect and to test the efficiency of the emerging stock markets. The characteristics of the returns during the turn-of-the-month days are compared with that of the non-turn-of-the-month trading days.FindingsThe average returns during turn-of-the-month days for all the considered emerging market indices are significantly higher than the non-turn-of-the-month days for the full sample. For the subsample analysis, the average returns for Brazil and India for pre-GFC period are higher on the turn-of-the-month days than on the non-turn-of-the-month days. However, the effect disappears in China during the GFC period. During the crisis period, the results show that the turn-of-the-month effect disappears in Brazil and India, whereas for China, the effect is significant. For the post-GFC period, the-turn-of-the-month effect reappears for all the countries.Practical implicationsThe results have important implications for both traders and investors. The authors’ results indicate that the market participants can time the stock markets of these countries by taking long positions especially during the times when the turn-of-the-month effect is highly significant.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to study the turn-of-the-month effect, in the key emerging countries such as Brazil, China and India. Second, the authors divide the sample into three subperiods based on the 2008 GFC such as pre-GFC, GFC and post-GFC to understand the dynamic behavior of turn-of-the-month effect over time. Most importantly, the authors control for the day-of-the-week effect while examining the turn-of-the-month effect.
Kişi-Örgüt ve Kişi-İş Uyumunun Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi: Bankacılık Sektöründe Bir Uygulama

Bu calismanin amaci kisi-orgut ve kisi-is uyumunun orgutsel vatandaslik davranisi uzerindeki etkisini arastirmaktir. Bu amac dogrultusunda arastirma bankacilik sektorunde yapilmis ve Karaman il ve ilce merkezlerindeki 180 banka calisanindan anket teknigi ile veriler elde edilmistir. Bu verilerin analizi icin SPSS programi kullanilmistir. Amaci uygun istatistiksel analizler yapildiktan sonra kisi-orgut uyumunun ve kisi-is uyumunun orgutsel vatandaslik davranisini pozitif yonde etkiledigi gorulmustur. Boyutsal duzeyde ise kisi-orgut uyumu ve kisi-is uyumu, vatandasliga iliskin centilmenlik-vicdanlilik-sivil erdem davranislarini guclendirmistir. Orgutsel vatandaslik davranisindan ozgecilik-nezaket ise sadece kisi-orgut uyumu algisinin artmasiyla guclenmis, kisi-is uyumu ozgecilik-nezaket davranisini etkilememistir.
Determinants and Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services in Urban Slums of an Industrialized City, in Western India

Objective: To assess the status of utilization of Maternal Health Care (MHC) services in slums of an industrialized city and elucidating the various determinants influencing the utilization. Materials and methods: A Cross-sectional study using multi stage sampling methodology was conducted in slums of an industrialized city. The study participants were the women who had given a live birth in the last one year before 4 weeks of the study starts. Total one hundred eighty families were interviewed & analysed. Results: The utilization of MHC services was poor as compared to national averages in urban slums. There was no association between age of mother, birth order, educational and occupational status of head of family with utilization of services while education and employment of mother, category and type of family, distance and time to reach health facility, were significantly associated. Conclusion: The reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity mostly depends on the utilization of MHC services. The findings of this study have important implications for improving utilization of maternal health care services.
Irrigation water tariffs: lessons for Portugal

This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the empirical literature on irrigation water tariffs in several countries, particularly in Mediterranean European countries, and to offer insights into the Portuguese status quo. We analyze a wide variety of tariffs, and the largest differences among them are discussed. In various countries, in those regions with a higher demand for water, irrigation water tariffs are more complex and higher, varying from country to country and, within the same country, from region to region. Large differences in irrigation water tariffs among different water-use associations were found, mostly because each one has its own objectives. A SWOT analysis was performed for Portuguese irrigation water tariffs. It concludes that there is much to do to enact the proposed strategies, including recovering operation and maintenance costs and promoting the efficient use of water and efficient water allocation. Furthermore, the farmers’ position in the value chain must be improved along with their ease of access to credit, thus increasing the added value of the produced goods.
Acoustic vowel quality of filler particles in German

The vowel quality of filler particles (FP) is studied for 24 speakers of German who produced 666 instances of vocalic (äh) and vocalic-nasal forms (ähm) in spontaneous dialogues. The FP vowel quality is compared to reference vowels of a word list as well as to phonologically and graphematically similarly constructed lexical syllables. Filler particles show a complete overlap with the reference vowels [œ] and [5], but overlap only partially with [E] and [@].
A mechanistic framework to explain the immunosuppressive effects of neurotoxic pesticides on bees

1. There is growing concern that declines in some managed and wild bee pollinator populations threaten biodiversity, the functioning of vital ecological processes and sustainable food production on a global scale. 2. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that sub-lethal exposure to the neurotoxic class of insecticides (neonicotinoids) can undermine pollinator immunocompetence and amplify the effects of diseases, which have been suspected to be one of the drivers of pollinator declines. However, exactly how neonicotinoids might inhibit pollinator immunity remains elusive. 3. Here we put forward a mechanistic framework to explain the effects of neurotoxic pesticides on insect immunocompetence. We propose that there is a close ontogenetic connection between the cellular arm (haemocytes) of the insect immune and nervous systems, and that this connection makes the immune system of pollinators and other insects inherently susceptible to interference by neurotoxins such as neonicotinoids at sublethal doses. 4. Investigation of this connection is urgently needed to confirm the validity of this framework, and develop a clear, mechanistically-informed understanding of the interplay between neonicotinoids and disease ecology in pollinators. This in turn may enable us to develop strategies to mitigate impacts of neurotoxins on pollinators and/or enhance their impacts on pests.