Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Clause Slicing as Program Robustness Measurement Technique

The program slicing technique is an abstracting technique that focuses on the program code. Clause Slicing is the type of program slicing that focuses only on the code clauses, which allows the quality assurance to measure program robustness by measuring every code clause against the programing language standards. The proposed model gives a new way for measuring the robustness quality factor using program clause slicing.
Probe-fed measurement system for F-band antennas

Leveraging the performances offer at MilliMeter-Wave (MMW) by advanced BiCMOS and CMOS technologies, various researches have evaluated the potential of silicon technologies to develop cost effective MMW applications (60 GHz wireless link is a good example). But MMW applications do not only require low cost RFICs, the development of low cost antenna and package is also a key issue. This point has been largely investigated at 60 GHz to address both antenna characterization and the development of low cost packaging technologies. Since 60 GHz technology is currently under deployment in products (WiGig standard), research activity is moving higher in frequency in order to achieve higher data rates (@ 120 GHz or beyond 200 GHz), which makes necessary to develop dedicated antenna measurement setup. In this paper, we present a 3D radiation pattern measurement setup for probe-fed F-band (90-140 GHz) antennas and we evaluate its performances using preliminary antenna design achieved in glass IPDTM technologies.
Effects of High‐Impact Training on Bone and Articular Cartilage: 12‐Month Randomized Controlled Quantitative MRI Study

Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis often coexist in postmenopausal women. The simultaneous effect of bone‐favorable high‐impact training on these diseases is not well understood and is a topic of controversy. We evaluated the effects of high‐impact exercise on bone mineral content (BMC) and the estimated biochemical composition of knee cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis. Eighty women aged 50 to 66 years with mild knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to undergo supervised progressive exercise three times a week for 12 months (n = 40) or to a nonintervention control group (n = 40). BMC of the femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). The biochemical composition of cartilage was estimated using delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cartilage (dGEMRIC), sensitive to cartilage glycosaminoglycan content, and transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping that is sensitive to the properties of the collagen network. In addition, we evaluated clinically important symptoms and physical performance–related risk factors of falling: cardiorespiratory fitness, dynamic balance, maximal isometric knee extension and flexion forces, and leg power. Thirty‐six trainees and 40 controls completed the study. The mean gain in femoral neck BMC in the exercise group was 0.6% (95% CI, –0.2% to 1.4%) and the mean loss in the control group was –1.2% (95% CI, –2.1% to –0.4%). The change in baseline, body mass, and adjusted body mass change in BMC between the groups was significant (p = 0.005), whereas no changes occurred in the biochemical composition of the cartilage, as investigated by MRI. Balance, muscle force, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved significantly more (3% to 11%) in the exercise group than in the control group. Progressively implemented high‐impact training, which increased bone mass, did not affect the biochemical composition of cartilage and may be feasible in the prevention of osteoporosis and physical performance–related risk factors of falling in postmenopausal women. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Anthropometric Correlates for the Physiological Demand of Strength and Flexibility: A study in Young Indian Field Hockey Players.

INTRODUCTION Optimal strength and flexibility are essential for performance enhancement and injury prevention in hockey, and anthropometry is known to influence these parameters. AIM To find anthropometric correlates for strength and flexibility score in young Indian field hockey players. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen female and 19 male subjects volunteered for the study. Selected anthropometric variables: lengths, breadths, girths and body composition; strength and sit and reach score were measured for each subject. RESULTS Males were taller, leaner and stronger with longer upper limbs and broader chests. With few exceptions, taller, heavier and leaner players with longer trunks and limbs, broader chest and hip, and bulkier arms and lower limbs had stronger grip, back, upper and lower limbs. Heavier and taller players with longer trunk and more percentage of body fat were more flexible. Also, the stronger players had more percentage body fat and body mass index, which might be due to the strong positive correlation of percentage body fat and body mass index with fat free mass. CONCLUSION Anthropometric variables, especially heights, breadths and body composition, show significant correlation with strength and flexibility, and hence may serve as monitoring tool and for talent identification.
Recurrent infection with herpes simplex virus after marrow transplantation: role of the specific immune response and acyclovir treatment.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation is common after marrow transplantation, with some patients developing frequent and severe recurrences. Sixty patients were studied to determine both the effect of the specific lymphocyte response to HSV on subsequent recurrences and the effect of acyclovir treatment on restoration of this response. Patients with a positive response after the first HSV recurrence had fewer second recurrences (13 of 28 vs. 18 of 19; P less than .01) and at a longer interval when they did recur (42 vs. 27 days; P less than .0001). Conversely, patients treated with acyclovir had more frequent second recurrences than did those not treated (18 of 21 vs. 13 of 26; P less than .05) and they were at a shorter interval when they did recur (27 vs. 36 days; P = .001). Treated patients also had lower specific lymphocyte responses to HSV. These data confirm the importance of the specific immune response to HSV in the determination of the course of HSV infection after marrow transplant.
Financial cost of social exclusion: follow up study of antisocial children into adulthood

Abstract Objectives: To compare the cumulative costs of public services used through to adulthood by individuals with three levels of antisocial behaviour in childhood. Design: Costs applied to data of 10 year old children from the inner London longitudinal study selectively followed up to adulthood. Setting: Inner London borough. Participants: 142 individuals divided into three groups in childhood: no problems, conduct problems, and conduct disorder. Main outcome measures: Costs in 1998 prices for public services (excluding private, voluntary agency, indirect, and personal costs) used over and above basic universal provision. Results: By age 28, costs for individuals with conduct disorder were 10.0 times higher than for those with no problems (95% confidence interval of bootstrap ratio 3.6 to 20.9) and 3.5 times higher than for those with conduct problems (1.7 to 6.2). Mean individual total costs were £70 019 for the conduct disorder group (bootstrap mean difference from no problem group £62 898; £22 692 to £117 896) and £24 324 (£16 707; £6594 to £28 149) for the conduct problem group, compared with £7423 for the no problem group. In all groups crime incurred the greatest cost, followed by extra educational provision, foster and residential care, and state benefits; health costs were smaller. Parental social class had a relatively small effect on antisocial behaviour, and although substantial independent contributions came from being male, having a low reading age, and attending more than two primary schools, conduct disorder still predicted the greatest cost. Conclusions: Antisocial behaviour in childhood is a major predictor of how much an individual will cost society. The cost is large and falls on many agencies, yet few agencies contribute to prevention, which could be cost effective. What is already known on this topic Children who show substantial antisocial behaviour have poor social functioning as adults and are at high risk of social exclusion Costs are available for particular items of public service such as receiving remedial education or appearing in court What this study adds Costs of antisocial behaviour incurred by individuals from childhood to adulthood were 10 times greater for those who were seriously antisocial in childhood than for those who were not The costs fell on a wide range of agencies Reduction of antisocial behaviour in childhood could result in large cost savings
A recessive mutation (ter) causing germ cell deficiency and a high incidence of congenital testicular teratomas in 129/Sv-ter mice.

The genetic basis of a germ cell deficiency, accompanied by a high incidence of testicular teratomas, was studied in strain 129/Sv-ter mice (formerly designated "129/terSv"). Germ cell deficiency became more severe with advancing age in males, and they were sterile whether or not they had bilateral teratomas. Germ cell-deficient testes were smaller than normal except when the testes had teratomas. In females the ovaries were smaller than normal, but the germ cell deficiency did not progress and most were fertile. The germ cell deficiency resulted from the homozygous state of a recessive mutant gene designated "teratoma (ter). " Matings between females with small ovaries and homozygous normal males produced no germ cell-deficient offspring. When F1 offspring with normal gonads were mated together, germ cell-deficient F2 animals appeared at a frequency close to 1 in 4. When females with small ovaries (ter/ter) were mated with heterozygous males (ter/+), half of the offspring were germ cell deficient. It was concluded that the genetic factor is a single recessive gene. The incidence of teratomas in +/+ strain 129/Sv-ter males was 1.4% (3/216), and all teratomas were unilateral. Seventeen percent (20/117) of heterozygous males had teratomas, of which 18 were unilateral and 2 were bilateral. Ninety-four percent (167/178) of homozygous ter/ter males had teratomas, of which 75% were bilateral. Introduction of the mutant gene ter onto the C57BL/6 genetic background resulted in germ cell deficiency in homozygotes, but it reduced considerably the teratoma incidence in ter/ter males.
Novelty preference in patients with developmental amnesia

To re‐examine whether or not selective hippocampal damage reduces novelty preference in visual paired comparison (VPC), we presented two different versions of the task to a group of patients with developmental amnesia (DA), each of whom sustained this form of pathology early in life. Compared with normal control participants, the DA group showed a delay‐dependent reduction in novelty preference on one version of the task and an overall reduction on both versions combined. Because VPC is widely considered to be a measure of incidental recognition, the results appear to support the view that the hippocampus contributes to recognition memory. A difficulty for this conclusion, however, is that according to one current view the hippocampal contribution to recognition is limited to task conditions that encourage recollection of an item in some associated context, and according to another current view, to recognition of an item with the high confidence judgment that reflects a strong memory. By contrast, VPC, throughout which the participant remains entirely uninstructed other than to view the stimuli, would seem to lack such task conditions and so would likely lead to recognition based on familiarity rather than recollection or, alternatively, weak memories rather than strong. However, before concluding that the VPC impairment therefore contradicts both current views regarding the role of the hippocampus in recognition memory, two possibilities that would resolve this issue need to be investigated. One is that some variable in VPC, such as the extended period of stimulus encoding during familiarization, overrides its incidental nature, and, because this condition promotes either recollection‐ or strength‐based recognition, renders the task hippocampal‐dependent. The other possibility is that VPC, rather than providing a measure of incidental recognition, actually assesses an implicit, information‐gathering process modulated by habituation, for which the hippocampus is also partly responsible, independent of its role in recognition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reassessment of holoprosencephaly–diencephalic hamartoblastoma (HDH) association

We report on a 23‐week fetus with a hypothalamic hamartoma, lobar holoprosencephaly, right anophthalmia, and facial asymmetry, features which are consistent with the holoprosencephaly–diencephalic hamartoblastoma (HDH) association. In an attempt to better delineate HDH, we reviewed 19 published patients with similar features. The HDH clinical spectrum ranges from classic holoprosencephaly with micro/anophthalmia, multiple additional findings in non‐contiguous structures and early lethality, to isolated microforms of holoprosencephaly. Associated cephalic features mainly include cortical/neuronal migration defects (39%), meningeal anomalies (28%), brainstem/posterior fossa malformations (22%), dysmorphic ears (41%), facial asymmetry (35%), and hypoplastic mandible (29%). Fifty‐three percent of patients have additional extra‐cephalic malformations, for example, vertebral/rib segmentation defects (50%), hypo/aplastic lungs (38%), congenital heart defect (29%), and urinary anomalies (29%). HDH shows etiological heterogeneity, that is, teratogenic exposure, chromosome imbalances, autosomal recessive as well as dominant “de novo” mutations. Several features could directly result from a disruptive sequence caused by an early hamartoma which alters the development of forebrain, hindbrain, meninges, and 1st–2nd branchial arches, although the pleiotropic action of genetic/environmental factors cannot be excluded. HDH does not emerge as a distinct syndrome, but other hypotheses, including separate conditions within a common pathway and the developmental field defect theory, are discussed. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Off-label use of oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin is an anticancer agent only approved for treatment of colorectal cancer, but that has shown some activity in metastatic breast cancer in phase II studies. Herein, we examine the off-label use of oxaliplatin in unselected patients with metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed of all patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with oxaliplatin at our hospital between February 2003 and November 2009. Data concerning patterns of use, safety and activity were collected from patient charts. RESULTS The cohort comprised 30 female patients with a median age of 49 (range, 34-68 years) and a median of two involved organs (range, 1-4). All patients had been pretreated for metastatic breast cancer (median number of previous lines: 3; range:1-6). Oxaliplatin was only given in association either with fluorouracil and folinic acid (n=23) or with gemcitabine (n=7). The most commonly used dose was 100 mg/m(2) given every other week or every 3 weeks. As of December 15, 2009, the median duration of treatment was 4 (range, 0.75-11) months. Most of the discontinuations occured due to disease progression (n=11) and adverse effects or worsening condition (n=8). Twelve (40%) patients presented side-effects related to oxaliplatin use including hematotoxicity (n=8), gastrointestinal disorders (n=4) and neuropathies (n=2). Among patients evaluable for antitumoral activity (n=15), one patient achieved a complete response and one patient demonstrated a partial response. Most of the patients (57%) continued to be treated by chemotherapy after oxaliplatin. Median overall survival for the evaluable patients was 10 (range, 1-51) months. CONCLUSION In our population of heavily pretreated women with metastatic breast cancer, off-label use of oxaliplatin was of little worth. This off-label treatment was not the last therapeutic option for most of these patients.
8. Packed Lunch Poverty: Immigrant Families’
Struggles to Include Themselves in Norwegian Food Culture

Everyday consumption plays a key role for including immigrants in capita-list welfare states such as Norway. Packed school lunches are no exception. In Norway, more than half of children in low-income households have an immigrant background. This chapter discusses how immigrant families manage packed school lunches on tight food budgets, based on 28 interviews of non-European immigrant families. The packed lunch reveals how food consumption, ethnicity and financial constraints intersect.
The relative relationship between education and workplace task discretion: an international comparative perspective

ABSTRACT Through analyses of Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) data, the following study considers the direct and indirect association between education and workplace task discretion in 30 countries. By focusing on cross-national comparison, it considers the ways in which these findings are dependent on both the overall level and the range of task discretion across occupational sectors within a country. Theoretically, individual-agency and critical-institutional hypotheses are compared, two perspectives that provide divergent explanations for the indirect association between education and task discretion. The findings partially support both perspectives and there is strong evidence of a relative relationship between education and task discretion. That is, in country contexts where overall levels of task discretion are higher and more equal, education operates less strongly as a stratifying force. The originality of this approach showcases empirically how the association between education and task discretion is context dependent and theoretically how individual-agency and critical-institutional perspectives both contribute to understanding this relationship.
Elevated levels of transferrin receptor 2 mRNA, not transferrin receptor 1 mRNA, are associated with increased survival in acute myeloid leukaemia

Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) is a type II membrane protein that mediates cellular iron uptake. Transferrin receptor 2(TfR2), another receptor for transferrin (Tf), has recently been cloned. We examined expression levels of TfR1, TfR2‐α (membrane form) and TfR2‐β (non‐membrane form) transcripts in cells from 67 patients with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and correlated the results with a variety of clinical features and disease outcomes of these patients. Significant correlations were noted between the levels of both TfR1 and TfR2‐α (r = 0·771, P < 0·001) and TfR1 and TfR2‐β (r = 0·534, P < 0·001). Unexpectedly, initial white blood cell (WBC) counts were inversely correlated with levels of expression of either TfR1(r = −0·357, P = 0·003), TfR2‐α (r = −0·486, P < 0·0001), or TfR2‐β (r = −0·435, P = 0·0003). Only TfR2 expression was significantly associated with either serum iron (r = −0·270, P = 0·045) or serum ferritin (r = −0·364, P = 0·008). Multivariate analyses using Cox's proportional hazard model showed that elevated TfR2‐α, but not TfR1 or TfR2‐β mRNA levels significantly contributed to a better prognosis for AML patients. Furthermore, a group with high expression levels of both TfR2‐α and TfR2‐β survived significantly longer than a group without high expression of both of them (P < 0·01 by log‐rank). The present study suggests that (i) TfRs‐independent iron uptake might have an important role in in vivo proliferation of AML cells; (ii) expression of TfR2 (especially the α form) is a novel prognostic factor for patients with AML.
Twenty‐year changes in the prevalence of obesity among Finnish adults

We investigated changes in the prevalence of obesity among Finnish adults (aged ≥30 years) during a 20‐year period. Data were derived from two cross‐sectional nationally representative surveys (n = 13 844) in 1978–1980 and 2000–2001. Weight and height were measured using a standardized protocol. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg m−2. Cut‐offs of BMI ≥ 35 kg m−2 and BMI ≥ 40 kg m−2 were also used. A 20‐year difference in the prevalence of obesity was from 11.3% to 20.7% in men and from 17.9% to 24.1% in women. In 1978–1980, 1.1% of men and 3.8% of women had a BMI at least 35 kg m−2. The corresponding prevalence was 3.9% in men and 6.8% in women 20 years later. The educational gradient in obesity diminished in 20 years because of the most prominent increase among highly educated men. Yet, 25% of men and 28% of women with low education are obese. Obesity increased in all age and educational groups over the 20‐year period. It was highest among women and individuals with the lowest education, but the increase was most striking among well‐educated men. A comprehensive public health strategy targeting the whole population and especially those with low education is urgently needed to halt the obesity epidemic.
Misconception about Value-added Tax (VAT) Exemption Policy on Animal Feed in the Flour Industry: An Issue on Self-sufficiency of Meat after Reformation

Flour industry and animal feed industry play an important role in supporting government programs to achieve self-sufficiency of meat. The important role of these animal feed producers has triggered the government to stipulate appropriate tax policies to ensure the growth and development of both industries. Through tax policy instruments, the government has provided facilities in the form of Value Added Tax (VAT) exemption for the delivery of animal feed and animal feed ingredients. However, in its implementation, this policy has not been all-inclusive, leading to a cascading effect suffered by the flour industry. It results in an opportunity cost and cost of taxation affecting the productivity of the flour industry as the producer of animal feed. This study applies a qualitative-descriptive method with data collection techniques of in-depth interview and documentation study. This study explains the implications of VAT exemption policy for the flour industry, evaluates VAT exemption policy on animal feed in the perspective of public policy and productivity of animal feed producers, and analyzes political relations and ideas for VAT policy on animal feed in an effort to support national flour industry and animal feed industry