Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women.

BACKGROUND Patterns of comorbidity suggest that the common psychiatric and substance use syndromes may be divisible into 2 broad groups of internalizing and externalizing disorders. We do not know how genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to this pattern of comorbidity or whether the etiologic structure of these groups differ in men and women. METHODS Lifetime diagnoses for 10 psychiatric syndromes were obtained at a personal interview in more than 5600 members of male-male and female-female twin pairs ascertained from a population-based registry. Multivariate twin modeling was performed using the program Mx. RESULTS We first fit models to the following 7 syndromes: major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, phobia, alcohol dependence, drug abuse/dependence, adult antisocial behavior, and conduct disorder. The full model, which could be constrained to equality in male and female subjects, identified 2 genetic factors. The first had strongest loadings on alcohol dependence, drug abuse/dependence, adult antisocial behavior, and conduct disorder; the second, on major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and phobia. Alcohol dependence and drug abuse/dependence had substantial disorder-specific genetic risk factors. Shared environmental factors were most pronounced for conduct disorder and adult antisocial behavior. No clear internalizing/externalizing structure was seen for the unique environmental common factors. We then fit models to 5 internalizing syndromes. The full model, which could also be constrained to equality in men and women, revealed one genetic factor loading most heavily on major depression and generalized anxiety disorder and another loading most strongly on animal and situational phobia. CONCLUSIONS The underlying structure of the genetic and environmental risk factors for the common psychiatric and drug abuse disorders in men and women is very similar. Genetic risk factors predispose to 2 broad groups of internalizing and externalizing disorders. Within the internalizing disorders, 2 genetic factors are seen that predispose to disorders dominated by anxious-misery and fear. Substance use disorders have disorder-specific genetic risks. The externalizing disorders of conduct disorder and adult antisocial behavior are significantly influenced by the shared environment. The pattern of lifetime comorbidity of common psychiatric and substance use disorders results largely from the effects of genetic risk factors.
The effects of abomasal casein infusions in growing beef steers on portal and hepatic flux of pancreatic hormones and arterial concentrations of somatomedin-C.

The net release of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin by the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and their net uptake by the liver in response to 3-d abomasal infusions of casein were measured in seven multicatheterized beef steers. The steers were fed 4.3 kg DM/d of a high-concentrate diet in 12 equal meals (13.1 Mcal ME/d and 95 g N/d). In two separate experiments, the abomasal infusion of 300 g casein/d (300C) or 150 g casein/d (150C) was compared to a water infusion. Plasma flow was measured by indicator dilution and net flux by venoarterial concentration difference x plasma flow. Arterial plasma concentrations of insulin were increased (P less than .02) by either 300C or 150C. The 300C increased (P less than .03) PDV insulin release but did not affect hepatic uptake, resulting in an increased (P less than .03) total splanchnic (TSP) insulin flux. The 300C increased (P less than .05) plasma concentrations of glucagon as the result of decreased (P less than .06) hepatic extraction ratio and not as the result of increased portal release. The portal and hepatic flux of somatostatin measured as somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) were highly variable and not affected by casein infusions. Arterial plasma concentrations of somatomedin-C were not responsive to abomasal casein infusions. The abomasal infusion of 300C resulted in increased plasma concentrations of insulin via increased PDV release and increased plasma glucagon via decreased hepatic extraction ratio.
[Significance of TSLC1 gene methylation and TSLC1 protein expression in the progression of cervical lesions].

OBJECTIVE To study the expression and significance of tumor suppressor in lung cancer 1 (TSLC1) gene methylation, the expression of TSLC1 protein in cervix cancer and precancerous lesions as well as their relationship with HR-HPV DNA infection. METHODS The clinicopathological data of 92 cases of different cervical lesions during March 2011 to August 2012 treated in our hospital were collected. There were pathologically confirmed 10 cases of normal cervix, 26 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, 20 cases of CIN II, 15 cases of CIN III, and 21 cases of cervical cancer. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to detect the TSLC1 gene methylation status in cervical lesions, immunohistochemistry (SP) was used to detect the expressions of TSLC1 protein in cervical lesions, and the second generation hybrid capture (HC2) method was used to detect the high-risk HPV in cervical lesions. RESULTS The expression rate of TSLC1 gene methylation in normal cervical tissue, CIN I, CIN II, CIN III and SCC were 10.0%, 30.8%, 55.0%, 60.0%, 66.7%, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference (P = 0.004). The positive expression rate of TSLC1 protein in normal cervical tissue, CIN I, CIN II, CIN III and SCC were 100.0%, 80.8%, 65.0%, 33.3%, and 23.8%, respectively, with a significant difference (P = 0.004). In the progression from CIN to invasive cervical cancer, there was no significant correlation between TSLC1 gene methylation and HR-HPV DNA infection (P = 0.919), TSLC1 protein expression and HR-HPV DNA infection (P = 0.664). The correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between TSLC1 gene methylation and TSLC1 protein expression (r = -0.674, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS TSLC1 gene promoter methylation may be an early event in the cervical carcinogenesis, become an early sensitive marker, and serve the early prevention and prognostic prediction for cervical cancer.
A Density Current Parameterization Coupled with Emanuel’s Convection Scheme. Part II: 1D Simulations

The density current parameterization coupled with Emanuel's convection scheme, described in Part I of this series of papers, is tested in a single-column framework for continental and maritime convective systems. The case definitions and reference simulations are provided by cloud-resolving models (CRMs). For both cases, the wake scheme yields cold pools with temperature and humidity differences relative to the environment in reasonable agreement with observations (with wake depth on the order of 2 km over land and 1 km over ocean). The coupling with the convection scheme yields convective heating, drying, and precipitation similar to those simulated by the CRM. Thus, the representation of the action of the wakes on convection in terms of available lifting energy (ALE) and available lifting power (ALP) appears satisfactory. The sensitivity of the wake-convection system to the basic parameters of the parameterization is widely explored. A range of values for each parameter is recommended to help with implementing the scheme in a full-fledged general circulation model. © 2010 American Meteorological Society.
Longevity of endurance skiers.

The mortality of 396 Finnish champion skiers born from 1845 to 1910 was followed up to the end of 1967. Their median life expectation was 73.0 years. During the study the median life expectation of the general male population increased, but in 1956-60 it still was 2.8 years shorter than that of the skiers. When the skiers were divided into those born before 1883 and those born during or after 1883, no trend was seen in their median life expectation. According to a parallel cross-sectional study of surviving runners and skiers, former endurance athletes have low blood pressure, seldom smoke and are physically active. All these characteristics may contribute to their longevity.
Scaling up HIV prevention: why routine or mandatory testing is not feasible for sub-Saharan Africa.

Global HIV incidence may have peaked but calls for scaling up prevention have not diminished. The number of new infections worldwide remains high (4.1 million in 2005) with some regions previously unscathed experiencing rising incidences of HIV. The number of patients presenting late at health facilities with advanced HIV/AIDS is also a cause of concern. In general there is a growing sense of frustration that global efforts to prevent HIV/AIDS are being outpaced by the spread of the pandemic. Consequently calls have been made for a more pragmatic approach to containing the disease with routine and mandatory testing gaining increasing attention. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently proposed a new approach for HIV testing in adults adolescents and pregnant women under which testing will be routinely offered in all health-care settings. No signed consent from patients would be required under this new proposal; the general consent for medical care would be considered sufficient to encompass consent for HIV testing. Former US President Bill Clinton has also lent support for mandatory HIV testing in countries where the prevalence rate is 5% or higher. Political support for mandatory testing has been seen in countries like India where the state government of Goa has proposed mandatory premarital testing and in China which plans to test all workers in the tourism industry. But would routine or mandatory testing make any difference in preventing HIV/ AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa? (excerpt)
Network Simulator - Visão Geral da Ferramenta de Simulação de Redes

A pesquisa científica ou a administração de sistemas freqüentemente avaliam propostas para melhoria de processos vigentes ou para solução de problemas. A Avaliação de Desempenho de Sistemas oferece técnicas para abordar essa questão [1][2]. Uma destas abordagens consiste em modelar um determinado sistema, contendo as variáveis de interesse, de forma que este modelo possa ser tratado matematicamente. O tratamento do modelo oferecerá diversos resultados de acordo com as situações desejadas. As variáveis de interesse num sistema de redes de computadores podem ser: o atraso fim-a-fim, pacotes perdidos, vazão, dentre outras.
c-Src Induces Phosphorylation and Translocation of p47phox: Role in Superoxide Generation by Angiotensin II in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Objectives—The aim of this study was to determine molecular mechanisms whereby c-Src regulates angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated NAD(P)H oxidase-derived ·O2− in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods and Results—VSMCs from human small arteries were studied. Ang II increased NAD(P)H oxidase-mediated generation of ·O2− and H2O2 (P <0.01). PP2, c-Src inhibitor, attenuated these effects by 70% to 80%. Immunoprecipitation of p47phox, followed by immunoblotting with antiphosphoserine antibody, demonstrated a rapid increase (1.5- to 2-fold) in p47phox phosphorylation in Ang II-stimulated cells. This was associated with p47phox translocation from cytosol to membrane, as assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. PP2 abrogated these effects. Long-term Ang II stimulation (6 to 24 hours) increased NAD(P)H oxidase subunit expression. c-Src inhibition decreased abundance of gp91phox, p22phox, and p47phox. Confirmation of c-Src-dependent regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase was tested in VSMCs from c-Src−/− mice. Ang II-induced ·O2− generation was lower in c-Src−/− than c-Src+/+ counterparts. This was associated with decreased p47phox phosphorylation, blunted Ang II-stimulated NAD(P)H oxidase activation, and failure of Ang II to increase subunit expression. Conclusions—c-Src regulates NAD(P)H oxidase-derived ·O2− generation acutely by stimulating p47phox phosphorylation and translocation and chronically by increasing protein content of gp91phox, p22phox, and p47phox in Ang II-stimulated cells. These novel findings identify NAD(P)H oxidase subunits, particularly p47phox, as downstream targets of c-Src.
Clp and Lon Proteases Occupy Distinct Subcellular Positions in Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT Among other functions, ATP-dependent proteases degrade misfolded proteins and remove several key regulatory proteins necessary to activate stress responses. In Bacillus subtilis, ClpX, ClpE, and ClpC form homohexameric ATPases that couple to the ClpP peptidase. To understand where these peptidases and ATPases localize in living cells, each protein was fused to a fluorescent moiety. We found that ClpX-GFP (green fluorescent protein) and ClpP-GFP localized as focal assemblies in areas that were not occupied by the nucleoid. We found that the percentage of cells with ClpP-GFP foci increased following heat shock independently of protein synthesis. We determined that ClpE-YFP (yellow fluorescent protein) and ClpC-YFP formed foci coincident with nucleoid edges, usually near cell poles. Furthermore, we found that ClpQ-YFP (HslV) localized as small foci, usually positioned near the cell membrane. We found that ClpQ-YFP foci were dependent on the presence of the cognate hexameric ATPase ClpY (HslU). Moreover, we found that LonA-GFP is coincident with the nucleoid during normal growth and that LonA-GFP also localized to the forespore during development. We also investigated LonB-GFP and found that this protein localized to the forespore membrane early in development, followed by localization throughout the forespore later in development. Our comprehensive study has shown that in B. subtilis several ATP-fueled proteases occupy distinct subcellular locations. With these data, we suggest that substrate specificity could be determined, in part, by the spatial and temporal organization of proteases in vivo.
Management of Persistent Angina After Myocardial Infarction Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From the TRANSLATE‐ACS Study

Background Angina has important implications for patients’ quality of life and healthcare utilization. Angina management after acute myocardial infarction (MI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unknown. Methods and Results TRANSLATE‐ACS (Treatment With Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor Inhibitors: Longitudinal Assessment of Treatment Patterns and Events After Acute Coronary Syndrome) was a longitudinal study of MI patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention at 233 US hospitals from 2010 to 2012. Among patients with self‐reported angina at 6 weeks post‐MI, we described patterns of angina and antianginal medication use through 1 year postdischarge. Of 10 870 percutaneous coronary intervention–treated MI patients, 3190 (29.3%) reported angina symptoms at 6 weeks post‐MI; of these, 658 (20.6%) had daily/weekly angina while 2532 (79.4%) had monthly angina. Among patients with 6‐week angina, 2936 (92.0%) received β‐blockers during the 1 year post‐MI, yet only 743 (23.3%) were treated with other antianginal medications. At 1 year, 1056 patients (33.1%) with 6‐week angina reported persistent angina symptoms. Of these, only 31.2% had been prescribed non–β‐blocker antianginal medications at any time in the past year. Among patients undergoing revascularization during follow‐up, only 25.9% were on ≥1 non–β‐blocker anti‐anginal medication at the time of the procedure. Conclusions Angina is present in one third of percutaneous coronary intervention–treated MI patients as early as 6 weeks after discharge, and many of these patients have persistent angina at 1 year. Non–β‐blocker antianginal medications are infrequently used in these patients, even among those with persistent angina and those undergoing revascularization.
An Ultrathin Electromagnetic Absorber Comprising Resistive Resonance Loops

In this letter, we propose a novel ultrathin polarization-independent electromagnetic absorber and provide numerical simulation and experimental verification of the absorbing properties. The proposed absorber takes the form of periodic resistive resonance loops. The resonance loops, as a sort of effective loss magnetic currents, are placed in close proximity to the grounded surface. Numerical simulated and experimental results show that the overall thickness of the proposed structure is much less than centesimal wavelength, and the absorptivity at different incidences is kept well.
Early Evaluation of Hematuria in a Patient Receiving Anticoagulant Therapy and Detection of Malignancy

A 63‐year‐old Caucasian man had a painless episode of dark‐colored urine while taking warfarin 62.5 mg/week for lone atrial fibrillation in the presence of documented stable anticoagulation. Urinalysis revealed microscopic hematuria. Three weeks later, he had an episode of gross, painless hematuria. Thorough evaluation of the upper and lower urinary tract with renal ultrasound, intravenous pyelography, and cystoscopy revealed poorly differentiated, early‐stage, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The patient was not aware of any exposure to carcinogens known to predispose to bladder cancer, nor was he a tobacco user. Early identification of the malignancy allowed for aggressive surgical intervention. Although this patient was considered low risk for the development of bladder cancer and was taking anticoagulants, the presence of hematuria was indicative of underlying pathology. Timely and thorough evaluation of hematuria in patients taking anticoagulants is necessary to identify and treat clinically important pathology.
The Centromeric Protein Sgo1 Is Required to Sense Lack of Tension on Mitotic Chromosomes

Chromosome alignment on the mitotic spindle is monitored by the spindle checkpoint. We identify Sgo1, a protein involved in meiotic chromosome cohesion, as a spindle checkpoint component. Budding yeast cells with mutations in SGO1 respond normally to microtubule depolymerization but not to lack of tension at the kinetochore, and they have difficulty attaching sister chromatids to opposite poles of the spindle. Sgo1 is thus required for sensing tension between sister chromatids during mitosis, and its degradation when they separate may prevent cell cycle arrest and chromosome loss in anaphase, a time when sister chromatids are no longer under tension.
Evolution of sickle cell disease from a life‐threatening disease of children to a chronic disease of adults: The last 40 years

Over the past 40 years, public health measures such as universal newborn screening, penicillin prophylaxis, vaccinations, and hydroxyurea therapy have led to an impressive decline in sickle cell disease (SCD)‐related childhood mortality and SCD‐related morbidity in high‐income countries. We remain cautiously optimistic that the next 40 years will be focused on meeting current challenges in SCD by addressing chronic complications of SCD to reduce mortality and improve quality of life in a growing population of adults with SCD in high‐income countries, while simultaneously decreasing the disparity of medical care between high and low‐income countries. Am. J. Hematol. 91:5–14, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mycoplasma genitalium among young adults in the United States: an emerging sexually transmitted infection.

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with Mycoplasma genitalium infection in a nationally representative sample of young adults in the United States. METHODS Urine specimens from 1714 women and 1218 men who participated in Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N=14322) were tested for M genitalium. Poststratification sampling weights were used to generate nationally representative estimates. RESULTS The prevalence of M genitalium was 1.0% compared with 0.4%, 4.2%, and 2.3% for gonococcal, chlamydial, and trichomonal infections, respectively. No M genitalium-positive individuals reported symptoms of discharge. M genitalium prevalence among those who reported vaginal intercourse was 1.1% compared with 0.05% among those who did not. In multivariate analyses, M genitalium prevalence was 11 times higher among respondents who reported living with a sexual partner, 7 times higher among Blacks, and 4 times higher among those who used condoms during their last vaginal intercourse. Prevalence of M genitalium increased by 10% for each additional sexual partner. CONCLUSIONS M genitalium was more prevalent than Neisseria gonorrhoeae but less prevalent than Chlamydia trachomatis, and it was strongly associated with sexual activity.
A V-band low-phase-noise low-jitter sub-harmonically injection-locked QVCO with high quadrature accuracy in 90-nm CMOS process

A V-band CMOS sub-harmonically injection-locked quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (SILQVCO) is presented using 90-nm CMOS process in this paper. A transformer coupled topology is employed in the SILQVCO to enhance locking range and operation frequency. The measured free-running oscillation frequency is from 56.6 to 59 GHz with a tuning range of 2.4 GHz. With one-third sub-harmonic injection, the SILQVCO features an overall locking range of 3.5 GHz, a phase noise of −126.8 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset, and a RMS jitter of 54 fs. The measured quadrature phase error and amplitude error are 0.32° and 0.26 dB, respectively. As compared with the prior art, this work has the best finger of merits in the millimeter-wave band.
[Polymorphism in codons 10 and 25 of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene in Korean population and in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma].

BACKGROUND/AIMS The genetic polymorphism of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) at codons 10 and 25 which influences the production of TGF-beta1 is related to fibrogenesis in the lung and liver. We evaluated the genetic polymorphism at codons 10 and 25 in controls and in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Blood samples were collected from controls (n=35), patients with LC (n=64), and HCC (n=49). Genomic DNA was isolated and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for a segment including codons 10 and 25. The results of direct sequencing for PCR products were compared between the controls and the patients. RESULTS There was no genetic polymorphism at codon 25 and three types of genetic polymorphism at codon 10. The leucine homozygous genotype (CTG/CTG) at codon 10 was more common in patients with LC than the controls (p=0.01) and especially in patients with LC caused by HBV (p=0.004). The polymorphism at codons 10 in patients with HCC was similar to the controls. However, leucine homozygous genotype was more common in patients with HCC of uninodular morphology than those of massive morphology (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS The genetic polymorphism of TGF-beta1 at codon 10 might be associated with LC and morphology of HCC. The potential usefulness of TGF-beta1 genotyping needs further studies in large scale.