Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Preemptive Analgesic Effect of Two Preoperative Intravenous Loading Doses of Paracetamol in Total Abdominal Hysterectomy

The purpose of the study was to compare the pre-emptive analgesic effect of two preoperative intravenous doses of paracetamol in total abdominal hysterectomy and the amount of reduction in postoperative opioid consumption. A total of 51patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomies were enrolled into the study. Patients were randomized into two groups: in Group I (25 patients) intravenous paracetamol 1 g was given 15 minutes prior to induction. In Group II (26 patients), intravenous paracetamol 2 g was given 15 minutes prior to induction. Postoperatively, all patients received morphine via patient-controlled analgesia pump. Pain scores were assessed with visual analogue scale. Total morphine consumption and side effects were recorded. Visual analogue scale pain score, in the immediate postoperative period and cumulative morphine consumption, in the first six hours were significantly reduced in group II. The total morphine consumption over 24 hours was similar in both the groups. The length of hospital stay was reduced in group II.To conclude, in total abdominal hysterectomy, compared to pre-emptive intravenous paracetamol 1 g,intravenous paracetamol 2 g provided better quality postoperative analgesia in the immediate postoperative period, early discharge rates, with no change in total 24 hour consumption of morphine.
Cartilage repair in the hip

As techniques in hip arthroscopy advance, many of the joint preservation procedures previously limited to use in the knee are now being applied to the hip. Unlike the knee, chondral lesions in the hip rarely occur in isolation and are treated alongside correction of other pathologies, such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). This review aims to outline the most recent evidence for surgical treatment of chondral lesions in the hip, including chondroplasty, repair of delamination, microfracture, enhanced microfracture, autograft, and allograft.
Learning with cyberfriends : the development of professional reflection-on-action skills through online partnerships

One the crises facing the professions is the scepticism surrounding the nature of professional knowledge and whether individuals can cope with the increased complexity of society and the changing demands of the workplace. Tertiary institutions have now strengthened their links with industry and have produced lists of attributes and communication skills they aim to cultivate in graduates. In order to develop these skills students need to be able to reflect on their learning experiences, integrate them with prior knowledge, self-evaluate and develop their own decision-making and planning processes. Online technologies can be used to support the process skills underpinning reflection-onaction (reflexivity). The development of reflexivity is presented in the context of an online tertiary unit where students proceed through the cycle of action, reflection, planning and abstract conceptualisation by engaging in a range of communication skills including peer assessment and problem solving. The study shows how online tasks can support reflexivity.
An Empirical Study of Success Factors of Women Entrepreneurs in Southern Region in Malaysia

This study investigates the key factors affecting success of women entrepreneurs in Southern region in Malaysia. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire that was distributed through mail survey. Multiple regression analysis was used as a more suitable methodology to identify the important determinants of success of women entrepreneurs. The results suggest that family support, social ties and internal motivation affect positively and significantly to the success of women entrepreneurs in the small business. The survey result also shows that women entrepreneurs having problem when they enter into the business. The implications of this study are discussed along with some recommendations.
CITIES WITHOUT A SEISMIC CODE II : CODIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT

SUMMARY This paper which follows from the companion paper on “hazard modelling” addresses: (i) the development of design provisions for improving the protection of infrastructure against seismic risk for the future, and (ii) the assessment of seismic risk in existing infrastructure. A very important decision to make is the overall approach to be adopted in the codification. The provision of simple prescriptive detailing rules that waive the need for detailed analysis has been suggested. Alternatively, seismic protection could be incorporated by specifying nominal design forces. A contrasting approach is to stipulate elaborate analysis for irregular structures, which capitalizes on the capability of contemporary software in the handling of dynamic and non-linear problems. The merits and shortcomings of each of these approaches are examined. Debating openly in international forums like this conference will channel attention to the key issues in order that they can be addressed sufficiently early in the development of a new code or Standard. This paper also contains a critical appraisal of existing risk assessment methodologies.
Permanent Object Monitoring with GPS with 1 Millimeter Accuracy

Gesellschaft fur satellitengestutzte geodatische und navigatorische Technologien mbHD−30827 Garbsen, GermanyPeter AndreeAGC Ingenieurburo fur Spezialapplikationen in Hydrographie und IngenieurgeodasieD−21073 Hamburg, GermanyBIOGRAPHYDr. Gerhard Wubbena received his degrees in Geodesyfrom the Universitat Hannover. He has worked in thefield of GPS since 1983. In 1990 he founded thecompany Geo++
On the Observed Trends and Changes in Global Sea Surface Temperature and Air-Sea Heat Fluxes (1984-2006)

AbstractGlobal satellite observations show the sea surface temperature (SST) increasing since the 1970s in all ocean basins, while the net air–sea heat flux Q decreases. Over the period 1984–2006 the global changes are 0.28°C in SST and −9.1 W m−2 in Q, giving an effective air–sea coupling coefficient of −32 W m−2 °C−1. The global response in Q expected from SST alone is determined to be −12.9 W m−2, and the global distribution of the associated coupling coefficient is shown. Typically, about one-half (6.8 W m−2) of this SST effect on heat flux is compensated by changes in the overlying near-surface atmosphere. Slab Ocean Models (SOMs) assume that ocean heating processes do not change from year to year so that a constant annual heat flux would maintain a linear trend in annual SST. However, the necessary 6.1 W m−2 increase is not found in the downwelling longwave and shortwave fluxes, which combined show a −3 W m−2 decrease. The SOM assumptions are revisited to determine the most likely source of the inco.
ESTIMATING THE PAYOFF TO SCHOOLING USING THE STANDARD MINCERIAN MODEL

Abstract: Estimating the Payoff to Schooling using the Standard Mincerian Model . Using data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave IV, this paper empirically estimates the private rates of return to education in Indonesia. The result from ordinary least-squares estimate shows that one year of schooling increases an individual’s earnings by 5.66 percent. Futhermore, Standard Mincerian Earnings function estimates reveal a gender asymmetry in private economic returns to schooling, with returns to women’s education being substantially and statistically significantly higher than men’s. Keywords: Return to Schooling, Standard Mincerian Earnings Function Abstrak: Mengestimasi Hasil Investasi Pendidikan Menggunakan Model Mincerian Standar. Menggunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) IV, artikel ini secara empiris mengestimasi “rates of return” investasi pendidikan di Indonesia. Hasil dari estimasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan OLS menunjukkan bahwa setiap tambahan satu tahun sekolah akan meningkatkan pendapatan individu sebesar 5.66 persen. Estimasi fungsi pendapatan Standard Mincerian mengindikasikan perbedaan “return to schooling” antara perempuan dan laki-laki. “return to schooling” perempuan lebih tinggi dari pada “return to schooling” laki-laki. Kata Kunci: Kembalian Investasi Pendidikan, Fungsi Pendapatan Standar Mincerian
Road users’ strategies and communication: driver-pedestrian interaction

The aim of this paper is to describe pedestrians’ road-crossing strategies, drivers’ strategies applied to situations involving pedestrians crossing the road, and their mutual communication (formal and informal), and to describe their encounters. Risk strategies and risky combinations of different strategies are identified. Risk and protective factors on the part of both pedestrians and drivers are described. Conflict situations are analysed and the causal nexus of events leading to such traffic conflicts is described. The conclusions are interpreted in the context of the traffic environment. Exploration of pedestrians’ and drivers’ attitudes and behaviour is summarised using focus group analysis. In this paper the outcomes of the focus groups are presented and discussed.
Developmental Pathways Towards Crime Prevention: Early Intervention Models

In examining the role of early intervention in children’s social development, the authors discuss the results of five broad-based intervention programs based on the Healthy Families model originated in the State of Hawaii. These programs were directed toward families at moderate levels of risk when dealing with the arrival their first child and were situated in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Whitehorse, Yukon, and at three sites in Edmonton, Alberta. The authors state that their experiences with this project have led them to question a number of traditional assumptions regarding past theory and research in this area as it pertains to crime prevention. More specifically, they discuss how the developmental model helped to identify the various developmental pathways of positive change that were being demonstrated by families in the Healthy Families Program sites. They agree with other researchers that early childhood intervention is viewed most appropriately as an individualized strategy and not as a developmental panacea.
Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Cladophora glomerata ( L . ) Kütz . in Caspian Sea Coast , Iran

Cladophora is one of the largest filamentous green-algal genus and has a widespread distribution in Caspian Sea Coast. This study aimed at assaying the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cladophora glomerata in South of Caspian sea. The antioxidant activity of the extract was investigated, including the total phenolic contents (3077 ± 105 mg gallic acid equivalent g -1 of extract), total flavonoid contents (595 ± 23 mg quercetin equivalent gl -1 of extract), scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (920 ± 42 μg ml -1 as IC50 value), iron chelating activity (IC50 = 971 ± 39 μg ml -1 ), scavengers of nitric oxide (0.20 ± 0.01 mg ml -1 as IC50) and reducing power. There were significant differences between the extract and vitamin C (P<0.001). Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts of five different gram negative and positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Proteus mirabilis were investigated. The extract was primarily screened for their possible antimicrobial effects using disc diffusion methods. The potential antibacterial activities at different concentrations of the extract were elucidated. The extract displayed a variable degree of antimicrobial activities on different bacteria. Among the gram positive bacteria, the S. aureus (with wider zones of inhibition) was found to be more sensitive than B. subtilis. Among the gram negative bacteria, Salmonella enteritidis was found to be more resistant than Proteus vulgaris. Our findings suggest the possibility of using the Cladophora glomerata as a novel source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents for pharmaceutical industries.
S 1 . 03 DETERMINANTS OF CHESTNUTS DEMANDED QUANTITIES : AN EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION USING PANEL DATA

In this work, we studied the economic determinants of chestnuts demanded quantities. It concludes by stating that chestnuts are only demanded in countries with the tradition of their presence in people’s diets, receiving strong challenges from the globalisation process. We also have found a significant dependence on real income per capita of chestnuts demanded quantities. Price effects were concluded as not influencing CDQ in the panel estimations.
Effect of Supplementary Feeding on Growth Performance and Ruminal Fermentation in Winter Season Grazing Sheep

The experiment was conducted with twenty-four grazing sheep divided into 3 experimental groups on the basis of body weights, i.e control, optimal and non-optimal groups to study the effect of optimized supplementation on growth performance and rumen fermentation characteristics of grazing sheep in winter. The sheep in control were grazing only, whereas the grazing sheep in the optimal were supplemented with 250 g of an optimal forage mix and 404 g of concentrate (1) the animals in non-optimal were supplemented with 465 g of concentrate (2). Weight gain rate in the optimal increased by 1.2 and 15.3% as compared to that of the non-optimal and control group, respectively. Ruminal fermentation parameters were not signifi cantly different between the optimal and non-optimal groups, however, they were signifi cantly improved compared to the control. These results indicated that optimized supplementation strategies in winter were benefi cial for markedly improving growth performance and rumen fermentation characteristics of grazing sheep .
The Effects of Cellulose, Pectin and Starch on Standardized Ileal and Apparent Total Tract Amino Acid Digestibilities and Bacterial Contribution of Amino Acids in Feces of Growing Pigs

Eight ileally cannulated pigs (BW 35.9±0.9 kg) were randomly allotted according to a 4x3 Latin square design to determine the effects of cellulose, pectin and starch on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) as well as on the bacterial AA contribution in feces. The pigs were fed the control diet (20.2% CP, % dry matter (DM)) or one of the three experimental diets in which 25% of the control diet was substituted by cellulose, starch or pectin. Due to this substitution, dietary CP levels were lower in the cellulose (15.5% CP, % DM), pectin (15.4% CP, % DM) and starch diet (15.2% CP, % DM). Following a 15-d adaptation period, feces were collected for 5 d and ileal digesta for a total of 24 h. Starch increased SID of CP, while cellulose and pectin had no significant effect on the digestibility of CP. Overall, starch supplementation resulted in higher (p<0.05) SID values of histidine, isoleucine, threonine, alanine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glycine and serine compared with cellulose, while pectin decreased (p<0.05) SID of valine and proline compared with the starch and control diet. Both cellulose and pectin reduced (p<0.05) the ATTD of CP and AA, while starch decreased (p<0.05) ATTD of phenylalanine, alanine, proline and serine compared with the control. With regard to bacterial AA composition of the fecal mixed bacterial mass (MBM), cellulose supplementation increased (p<0.05) its content of N and almost all AA, except for valine, while pectin caused higher contents of arginine, histidine and proline compared with the control (p<0.05). The bacterial contribution of arginine in feces was higher (p<0.05) in the cellulose treatment, while pectin reduced (p<0.05) the bacterial contribution of leucine, alanine, glutamic acid and proline in feces compared with the control. In conclusion, the effects of cellulose, starch and pectin on SID were rather small. Bacterial activity in the large intestine can only explain the reduced ATTD values for arginine in the cellulose treatment, but not for the other AA in the cellulose and pectin treatments, suggesting higher endogenous losses of these AA in the large intestine.
Effects of allometric space allowance and weight group composition on grower-finisher pigs

The average daily gain (ADG; kg d-1), pen efficiency (PE; kg ADG m-2 floor space) and welfare indicators (injury levels, salivary cortisol concentrations and behaviour) of grower-finisher pigs were evaluated in groups of 19 barrows, at four levels of floor space allowances calculated mathematically (area = k × BW0.667) using a constant k, (with values 0.027, 0.031, 0.034, and 0.037) for a mean final market weight of 116 kg and in two levels of group weight composition (uniform and varying weights – based on uniformity and variation of body weights of pigs within a pen at the beginning of the experiment). The corresponding space allowances (m2 pig-1) at the market weight of 116 kg were 0.64 (SA0.64), 0.74 (SA0.74), 0.81 (SA0.81), and 0.88 (SA0.88). The data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVAs and independent sample T tests. The pigs in SA0.64 had a lower ADG (0.859 ± 0.017), spent a lower proportion of time lying in preferred areas (55.22 ± 1.644) and had higher total injury scores (4.581 ± 0.139) .
Measurement of Lipid Supplements in Poultry Feed by Infrared Spectroscopy

Rapid measurement of a fatty acid supplement in poultry feed formulations was performed using near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with chemometric analysis. A standard feed formulation was amended with up to 10 wt% fatty acid supplement containing Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and scanned from 10,000 cm -1 to 4000 cm . Spectra were evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to detect outliers followed by -1 Partial Least Square (PLS) regression. Models were developed with first derivative spectra. A typical dataset of 36 spectra was subdivided with 30 spectra used for model calibration and 6 spectra for the validation set. The PLS model produced a regression coefficient of 0.98314 with an RMSEC value of 0.44772. This technique provided a rapid method to analyze the amount of fatty acids in supplemented feeds.
BACTERIOPHAGE HOST-RANGE EXPANSION TO INCLUDE TWO STRAINS OF CLOSTRIDIUM SPOROGENES

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, which have been used to treat bacterial infections in people for decades. They are also now being used as FDA approved preservatives as a means to prevent the growth of spoiling bacteria in many ready-to-eat foods. Bacteriophages tend to infect a very narrow range of bacterial hosts, some only a single sub-strain. When used for therapeutics or food treatment however, it is desirable to use phages that are promiscuous in their host range. This has led to attempts to broaden the host range of the most useful phages. By passaging phages in co-cultures of their natural host with increasing ratios of a target-host, we were able to expand the host range of two phages specific to Clostridium sporogenes. This adaptation was performed in both the presence and absence of a mutagen. Of twenty-eight total mutants, six were sufficiently stable to persist in target-host culture alone. Of these six, four were chosen for further analysis of their infective activity in their natural and target hosts. Most phage populations that resulted from each passage of each co-culture infection lost infective activity against their initial host and also failed to show infecting activity in the target-host. On the other hand, there were several phage populations that demonstrated a gain of activity against one or v both hosts. In some cases the gained infectivity exceeded the infective activity that was measured for the starting host at the beginning of the project. Though mutations causing hostexpansion events in phages seem to occur randomly, there was a notable increase in the number of successful mutations in the presence of a mutagen as opposed to without.
Short selling and exchange-traded funds returns: evidence from the London Stock Exchange

ABSTRACT An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a security that tracks a basket of stocks. An ETF investor gains immediate exposure to the basket, by taking either a long or short position on this instrument. Both hedgers and speculators can short ETFs, making the informational content of increases in ETF short interest difficult to interpret. Using high-frequency (daily) short-interest data for ETFs traded on the London Stock Exchange between June 2006 and April 2010, we examine the price impact on ETFs of increases in short interest. Contrary to most of the previous empirical evidence for individual stocks, we find that large increases in ETF short interest are associated with subsequent over-performance relative to a benchmark index and this pattern is most pronounced during pre-financial crisis period.
An improved dust emission model – Part 1: Model description and comparison against measurements

Abstract. Simulations of the dust cycle and its interactions with the changing Earth system are hindered by the empirical nature of dust emission parameterizations in weather and climate models. Here we take a step towards improving dust cycle simulations by using a combination of theory and numerical simulations to derive a physically based dust emission parameterization. Our parameterization is straightforward to implement into large-scale models, as it depends only on the wind friction velocity and the soil's threshold friction velocity. Moreover, it accounts for two processes missing from most existing parameterizations: a soil's increased ability to produce dust under saltation bombardment as it becomes more erodible, and the increased scaling of the dust flux with wind speed as a soil becomes less erodible. Our treatment of both these processes is supported by a compilation of quality-controlled vertical dust flux measurements. Furthermore, our scheme reproduces this measurement compilation with substantially less error than the existing dust flux parameterizations we were able to compare against. A critical insight from both our theory and the measurement compilation is that dust fluxes are substantially more sensitive to the soil's threshold friction velocity than most current schemes account for.
Influence of phytosiderophore on iron and zinc uptake and rhizospheric microbial activity

Micronutrients play a vital role in crop production and sustainable crop yield. High crop yield varieties make soil micronutrients deficient, without incorporating external inputs. Due to deficiency of micronutrients such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), yield decline drastically. It limits more than macronutrients, but requirements of these plant nutrients are very less, but plants have self regulated mechanism, which secrete the phytosiderophore (PS) and mobilize the lower concentration of these metals to soil solution for easy uptake by plants. Phytosiderophore production is a general response of plants to Fe and Zn deficiency in particular. The uptake rate of PS-chelated Fe and Zn is 100 and 5 to 10 times higher than that of free Fe and Zn, respectively. Higher amount of carbon containing organic compounds enhanced the microbial activities in rhizosphere and alter the plant nutrient chemistry in soil. This article discussed the importance of PS in microbial activity in soil and nutrient uptake mechanism in plants. Key words: Iron, phytosiderophores, rhizospheric microbial activity, zinc.