Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluent or nonfluent? Part A. Underlying contributors to categorical classifications of fluency in aphasia

ABSTRACT Background The concept of fluency is widely used to dichotomously classify aphasia syndromes in both research and clinical practice. Despite its ubiquity, reliability of fluency measurement is reduced due to its multi-dimensional nature and the variety of methods used to measure it. Aims The primary aim of the study was to determine what factors contribute to judgements of fluency in aphasia, identifying methodological and linguistic sources of disagreement. Methods & Procedures We compared fluency classifications generated according to fluency scores on the revised Western Aphasia Battery (WAB-R) to clinical impressions of fluency for 254 English-speaking people with aphasia (PwA) from the AphasiaBank database. To determine what contributed to fluency classifications, we examined syndrome diagnoses and measured the predictive strength of 18 spontaneous speech variables extracted from retellings of the Cinderella story. The variables were selected to represent three dimensions predicted to underlie fluency: grammatical competence, lexical retrieval, and the facility of speech production. Outcomes & Results WAB-R fluency classifications agreed with 83% of clinician classifications, although agreement was much greater for fluent than nonfluent classifications. The majority of mismatches were diagnosed with anomic or conduction aphasia by the WAB-R but Broca’s aphasia by clinicians. Modifying the WAB-R scale improved the extent to which WAB-R fluency categories matched clinical impressions. Fluency classifications were predicted by a combination of variables, including aspects of grammaticality, lexical retrieval and speech production. However, fluency classification by WAB-R was largely predicted by severity, whereas the presence or absence of apraxia of speech was the largest predictor of fluency classifications by clinicians. Conclusions Fluency judgements according to WAB-R scoring and those according to clinical impression showed some common influences, but also some differences that contributed to mismatches in fluency categorization. We propose that, rather than using dichotomous fluency categories, which can mask sources of disagreement, fluency should be explicitly identified relative to the underlying deficits (word-finding, grammatical formulation, speech production, or a combination) contributing to each individual PwA’s fluency profile. Identifying what contributes to fluency disruptions is likely to generate more reliable diagnoses and provide more concrete guidance regarding therapy, avenues we are pursuing in ongoing research.
Machine learning: Accelerating materials development for energy storage and conversion

With the development of modern society, the requirement for energy has become increasingly important on a global scale. Therefore, the exploration of novel materials for renewable energy technologies is urgently needed. Traditional methods are difficult to meet the requirements for materials science due to long experimental period and high cost. Nowadays, machine learning (ML) is rising as a new research paradigm to revolutionize materials discovery. In this review, we briefly introduce the basic procedure of ML and common algorithms in materials science, and particularly focus on latest progress in applying ML to property prediction and materials development for energy-related fields, including catalysis, batteries, solar cells, and gas capture. More-over, contributions of ML to experiments are involved as well. We highly expect that this review could lead the way forward in the future development of ML in materials science.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases may have evolved from molten globular precursors

To represent an early stage in the evolution of contemporary aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), the structurally invariant 120~130-residue Urzymes (Ur-: prefix for primitive, original) consisting of a minimal catalytic domain that has been re-designed and retains a considerable fraction of the catalytic activity of the native aaRSs. We previously described experimental evidence that the Urzymes exhibit ~60% of the contemporary catalytic proficiencies and acylate tRNA far faster than the uncatalyzed rate of nonribosomal peptide bond formation from activated amino acids. Previous studies on the TrpRS Urzyme renatured from inclusion bodies suggested that it functions as a catalytically active molten globule[1]. This study focuses on LeuRS Urzyme, which is also purified from inclusion bodies. The NMR analysis suggests that LeuRS Urzyme is also a molten globule. As with the TrpRS Urzyme, its poorly-dispersed HSQC spectrum differs from those of well-folded proteins, indicating that it lacks extensive tertiary structure. Functional assays confirm that LeuRS Urzyme is catalytically active. As a molten globular catalyst, LeuRS Urzyme likely achieves complementarity to the transition state for leucine activation through a higher cost in entropy than that expected for a well-folded protein. Its catalysis therefore implies that even more favorable enthalpic changes must develop in the TS complex, by virtue of the added structural flexibility. Therefore, it is expected that some global conformational ordering of LeuRS Urzyme should be observed upon binding of a transition state analog[2]. We are exploring various potential inhibitors with this in mind.
Copper bioavailability, mineral utilization, and lipid metabolism in broilers

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of copper (Cu) sources and levels on mineral utilization, tissue copper residues, and lipid metabolism in Arbor Acres broilers. A total of 640 male broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates per group and 16 broilers per replicate. The experiment was used in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial experiment design. Broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet, and animals in the other four groups were fed basal diets supplemented with Cu from copper sulphate and copper methionine. Copper concentrations of the experimental diets were 20 and 40 mg Cu/kg dry matter. A metabolism trial of 4 days was conducted during the last week of experimental feeding. Neither Cu source nor Cu level affected average daily gain, average daily feed intake or feed gain ratio (P > 0.05). Broilers fed 40 mg Cu/kg diets had lower plasma cholesterol than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Copper supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but did not alter plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations or plasma triglyceride concentrations. Copper sulphate supplementation increased (P < 0.05) liver Cu but did not alter pectorals Cu, heart Cu, tibia Cu and tibia P. Broilers fed 40 mg/kg Cu from copper sulphate had a lower (P < 0.05) tibia Ca level. The concentration of liver Cu in the broilers fed copper methionine diets was higher (P < 0.05) than that in those fed copper sulphate. Compared with copper sulphate (100%), the relative bioavailability value of copper methionine was 117%. In conclusion, the relative bioavailability of copper methionine obtained in this study was greater than that of copper sulphate. Copper plays an important role in plasma lipids and in the digestion of dietary Ca in broiler chickens.
Text Neck Syndrome - Systematic Review

Introduction and Background: A recent study shows that 79% of the population between the age 18-44 have their cell phones with them almost all the time, with only 2 hour of their walking day spend without their cell oh hand 1 . Text neck most commonly causes neck pain and soreness. In addition, looking down at your smart phone too much can lead to upper back pain ranging from chronic, nagging pain to sharp and severe upper back muscles spasm. Shoulder pain and tightness, possibly resulting in painful shoulder muscle spasm. Methodology: A structured literature search was done using various electronic and print data bases. Source of data: PubMed, APTA, PeDRO, Science direct, Cinhal, Embase, Cochrane library, Scholar, Scopemed, etc. Study design: Systematic review. Result: Total 45 studies were shortlisted, from which 10 of them with proper methodology were reviewed and reported. Studies include both survey, cross sectional, cohort and few randomised control trials. Studies reported a considerable variation in the scales related to neck pain and disability and also a greater incidence. Discussion: According to The Wireless Association, texting statistics have increased astronomically. In June 2006 in the USA, there were 12.5 billion texts sent monthly. By June 2011, that number grew to 196.9 billion. The most common condition that contributes to neck pain is forward head and shoulder posture. Forward head posture is when the neck slants forward placing the head in front of the shoulders. The most common condition that contributes to neck pain is forward head and shoulder posture. Forward head posture is when the neck slants forward placing the head in front of the shoulders. This head position leads to several problems. Conclusion: As stated in the review smart phone induced neck pain and associated problems are of chronic progressive nature, timely interpretation and interventions along with good knowledge about postural correction will be the key entities to deal with Text Neck Syndrome. Further clinical trials recommending the effectiveness of current practice will be of great use in designing an evidence based protocol.
Demographic Variations Influence Obesity in a Semi-urban Cohort of Tamil Nadu, South India

Abstract This case control study identified certain definite factors influencing obesity and dyslipidemia in semiurban subjects aged between 20 and 44 years of age. Obese cases (n= 177,) and controls (n = 166) were recruited by random sampling method and categorised into three age groups. The mean BMI, WHR and TGL were highest in obese subjects aged between 37 to 44 years. The mean TC levels (181.43 mg/dl) and mean TGL levels (180.29 mg/dl) were higher in vegetarians than in non-vegetarians. Further, the mean TGL levels (183.86 mg/dl) were highest in subjects who used hydrogenated vegetable oil as a cooking medium. TGL was derived as the most significant variable for dyslipidemia in the study cohort (r2 = 0.838,) with WHR, alcoholism, smoking, TC, LDL, HDL, FBG, and LDL/ HDL ratio as predictor variables.
Corneal Endotheliitis following Systemic West Nile Virus Infection

Background We report the case of monolateral corneal endotheliitis, which occurred following systemic West Nile virus (WNV) infection. Methods A 56-year-old male patient with right eye (RE) endotheliitis, diffuse arthralgias, and diagnosis of previous WNV systemic infection underwent a measurement of best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), full ophthalmic examination, biomicroscopy, and in vivo scanning laser confocal microscopy (IVCM), before and after topical immunomodulatory treatment. In addition, a polymerase chain reaction test on aqueous humor was performed to test for WNV RNA sequences. Results Photophobia was reported at presentation. A mild corneal haze was noted at the slit lamp exam. BSCVA in RE was 0.1 LogMar, corneal thickness was 667 micron, and confocal microscopy showed stromal folds. No WNV RNA sequences were detected in the aqueous humor. The cytomegalovirus and herpes virus were not tested as the patient refused additional procedures. One month after topical corticosteroid application in the RE, the patient reported significant improvement in photophobia, BSCVA improved to −0.1 LogMar, and corneal thickness was reduced to 540 microns. In addition, IVCM showed a disappearance of stromal folds. Conclusions A presumptive diagnosis of WNV-associated endotheliitis was formulated. Improvement following topical corticosteroid treatment suggests an immune-based pathophysiology.
Model-driven design of bioactive glasses: from molecular dynamics through machine learning

Research in bioactive glasses (BGs) has traditionally been performed through trial-and-error experimentation. However, several modelling techniques will accelerate the discovery of new BGs as part of the ongoing endeavour to ‘decode the glass genome. ’ Here, we critically review recent publications applying molecular dynamics simulations, machine learning approaches, and other modelling techniques for understanding BGs. We argue that modelling should be utilised more frequently in the design of BGs to achieve properties such as high bioactivity, high fracture strength and toughness, low density, and controlled morphology. Another challenge is modelling the biological response to biomaterials, such as their ability to foster protein adsorption, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and bactericidal effects. The development of databases integrated with robust computational tools will be indispensable to these efforts. Future challenges are thus envisaged in which the compositional design, synthesis, characterisation, and application of BGs can be greatly accelerated by computational modelling.
The Influence of Ethnicity on Local and Whole-Body Heat Loss Responses During Exercise in the Heat: A Comparison Between Young Canadian Men of Black-African and Caucasian Descent

This thesis sought to evaluate whether the increased risk of heat-related illness observed in black-African descendants stems from impairements in localand wholebody heat loss responses in this ethnic group. To evaluate this, in separate studies local(study 1) and whole–body (study 2) heat loss responses were compared in young men (18-30 y) of black-African (n=21) and Caucasian (n=21) descent, matched for physical characteristics and fitness and born and raised in the same temperate environment. In study 1, we compared nitric oxide-dependent skin blood flow and sweating responses in young men of black-African (n=10) and Caucasian (n=10) descent during rest, exercise, and recovery in the heat. Both groups rested for 10-min, and then performed 50-min of moderate-intensity exercise at 200 W/m, followed by 30-min of recovery in hot-dry heat (35°C, 20% RH). Local cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC%max) and sweat rate (SR) were measured at two forearm skin sites treated with a) lactated-Ringer (Control), or b) 10 mM N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME, NO synthase-inhibitor). L-NAME significantly reduced CVC%max throughout rest, exercise, and recovery in both groups (both p<0.001). However, there were no significant main effects for the NO contribution to CVC%max between groups (all p>0.500). L-NAME significantly reduced local SR in both groups (both p<0.050). The NO contribution to SR was similar between groups such that L-NAME reduced SR relative to control at 40 and 50 min into exercise (both p<0.050). In study 2, we assessed whole-body total heat loss (evaporative + dry heat exchange) in black-African (n=11) and Caucasian (n=11) men using direct calorimetry. Participants performed three, 30-min bouts of semi-recumbent cycling at fixed metabolic heat productions (and therefore matched heat loss requirements between groups) of 200
Output regulation by postprocessing internal models for a class of multivariable nonlinear systems

In this paper we propose a new design paradigm, which employs a postprocessing internal model unit, to approach the problem of output regulation for a class of multivariable minimum‐phase nonlinear systems possessing a partial normal form. Contrary to previous approaches, the proposed regulator handles control inputs of dimension larger than the number of regulated variables, provided that a controllability assumption holds, and can employ additional measurements that need not to vanish at the ideal error‐zeroing steady state, but that can be useful for stabilization purposes or to fulfill the minimum‐phase requirement. Conditions for practical and asymptotic output regulation are given, underlying how in postprocessing schemes the design of internal models is necessarily intertwined with that of the stabilizer.
Soft, wireless periocular wearable electronics for real-time detection of eye vergence in a virtual reality toward mobile eye therapies

A device combining soft, wireless wearable electronics with virtual reality offers portable therapeutics for eye disorders. Recent advancements in electronic packaging and image processing techniques have opened the possibility for optics-based portable eye tracking approaches, but technical and safety hurdles limit safe implementation toward wearable applications. Here, we introduce a fully wearable, wireless soft electronic system that offers a portable, highly sensitive tracking of eye movements (vergence) via the combination of skin-conformal sensors and a virtual reality system. Advancement of material processing and printing technologies based on aerosol jet printing enables reliable manufacturing of skin-like sensors, while the flexible hybrid circuit based on elastomer and chip integration allows comfortable integration with a user’s head. Analytical and computational study of a data classification algorithm provides a highly accurate tool for real-time detection and classification of ocular motions. In vivo demonstration with 14 human subjects captures the potential of the wearable electronics as a portable therapy system, whose minimized form factor facilitates seamless interplay with traditional wearable hardware.
Identification of TNF-Þ-308G/A (rsl800629) polymorphism in Bangladeshi population related to type-2 diabetes

This study was designed to study the association between TNF-α-308G/A (rsl800629) polymorphism with diabetes mellitus type-2 (DMT2) in Bangladeshi population. Besides, the role of TNF-α-308G/A in early proliferation of DMT2 has not been investigated. The allelic frequency of TNF-α-308G/A and their association with DMT2 was studied using high resolution melting (HRM) analysis and confirmed using sequencing. A few demographic risk factors associated with DMT2 were also investigated routinely. Significance of these risk factors was analyzed statistically. We have analyzed 657 individuals who were distributed into 2 groups: 330 non-diabetic controls and 327 DMT2individuals. HRM analysis shows that 11 individual bare G/A and 2 bare A/A genotype in DMT2 patients. Within non-diabetic individual we found only one with G/A genotype. The frequency of TNF-α-308G>A are within the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (0.00482) at 95% confidence level. TNF-α-308G>A frequency in two age group based on first time diagnosed, we found association with early proliferation of DMT2 with a P-value of 0.008965 in Fisher抯 test at 95% confidence level. Our result suggested that the SNPTNF-α-308G>A is closely associated with DMT2 patients in Bangladeshi population. Besides, presence of TNF-α-308G>A polymorphism increases the risk of early proliferation of DMT2.
Hacia una caracterización experiencial de la madera como material para el diseño de productos

Con el objetivo de establecer las bases para el desarrollo futuro de investigación experimental, este artículo presenta una revisión y discusión teórica sobre las cualidades expresivas, emocionales y sensoriales de la madera, como un material útil en el campo del diseño de productos. Desde la perspectiva denominada diseño emocional y afines, las propiedades intangibles de los productos hancobrado relevancia, haciendo necesario su consideración en los procesos de diseño y desarrollo de productos. Siendo la madera un material de uso frecuente en este campo, se hace imprescindible, entonces la caracterización de este tipo de parámetros para entregar a los diseñadores elementos objetivos en los que puedan basarse al momento de seleccionar este material.
Circularly Polarized Planar Antenna Array Using Linear Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Beamforming for SAR Applications

Circular polarization is so important for satellite and SAR applications. Therefore, a relatively large planar array of 10 × 10 building blocks is proposed to get a high gain and to have the possibility of beamforming for such applications. The individual antenna element used in this array is a linear U-slotted microstrip patch. This allows for simplicity, lightweight and low cost. At first, a subarray of these microstrip antennas is constructed and analyzed to become a building block for the large array. This subarray is formed of four U-slotted microstrip antenna elements arranged in a cross form with 90° sequential rotation in orientation in space, and 90° sequential phase shift between adjacent microstrip elements. The distance between the centers of two opposite microstrip elements is selected to be 0. 53λ0. A linear array is formed of ten of these subarrays and analyzed to become one row or one column in the final planar array. The distance between subarray centers is kept to be 0. 53λ0, which implies a new arrangement technique using the superposition of elements of the adjacent subarrays. The phase and amplitude relations of this linear array are developed for beamforming using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, the planar array is formed and simulated. It also implies using the superposition theorem to get the final array form. This planar array has proved to produce a cosecant-squared radiation pattern in the φ = 0° plane normal to the array plane, and a flat-topped pattern in the other perpendicular plane of φ = 90°. This type of array is very suitable for SAR side looking applications.
The ‘I’ on Facebook: Self-presentation Strategies of Politicians

Politics and the media are locked in a ubiquitous relationship that can spell the difference between the politicians’ electoral triumph and defeat, and their infamy or celebrity as public figures. It is generally argued and found that media coverage of political candidates or of campaigns in general affects candidate support from the citizenry. It is through the mass media that voters hear and see the political candidates, and hence the media informs their perception of candidates and electoral choice. Social network sites such as Facebook offer public figures a new channel for projecting their image. Touting the tag line” Be connected. Be Discovered. However, these reports do not explain the dynamics behind the use of social networks in electoral campaigns especially in a country marked by a low ICT penetration such as the Philippines. This research on the role of Facebook in politics in the Philippines seeks to help build the literature on the intersection between social media networks and politics. The study seeks to describe social network practices and to determine tell-presentation strategies of Filipino politicians on Facebook, the dominant social network site in the country. Keywords: institutional environment, economic constraints, institutional factors, limited access to loan, tight competition.