Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Material flow in heterogeneous friction stir welding of aluminium and copper thin sheets

The aim of this investigation was to study material flow during dissimilar friction stir welding of AA 5083-H111 to deoxidised high phosphorus copper plates of 1 mm thickness. The welds were performed using different tool geometries and welding parameters. The positions of the copper and aluminium plates, relative to the advancing and retreating sides of the tool, were also changed. It was found that the tool geometry and relative position of the plates deeply influence the morphology of the aluminium and copper flow interaction zones, influencing the distribution of both materials in the weld and the formation of intermetallic compounds. The material accumulated under the tool during welding was found as another important aspect determining weld morphology.
A Review of the Mexican National Innovation System

Governments and business leaders are increasingly aware of the role that innovation plays in economic growth, development and competitiveness. There are imperative challenges for Latin American countries, among them, poverty, social inclusion, sustainable development, climate change, natural disasters, productivity, improve the quality of education and health. Innovations are essential to drive economic growth and prosperity in the region. According to the Global Innovation Index (2015), Mexico is ranked 57th. Most of the research on innovation performance is mostly focused on technological innovation. Therefore, the main variables used, such as patents and number of scientific publications, do not always reflect the other types of innovations (i.e. business model, organizational, etc.) that are developing in emerging markets. The aim of this paper is to analyze the Mexican innovation system using a broad concept with a focus on other types of innovation including cultural aspects to identify the main characteristics that distinguish and determine how innovation in Mexico is formed. Although the Mexican government has improved its institutional structure for innovation and its support policies, they need to evaluate programs and adjust incentive schemes based on performance to improve their innovation policy. Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the Mexican National Innovation System using a broad concept with a focus on other types of innovation and including cultural aspects to identify some of the main characteristics that determine how innovation in Mexico is formed. Design/methodology/approach – The national innovation systems framework is used to review the Mexican innovation policy.A review of relevant literature on national innovation systems and Mexican innovation policies with data from the Global Innovation Index and INEGI were used for this paper. Findings – Higher private investment in R&D is needed to enhance innovation, the Mexican government needs to incentivise the private sector investment and collaboration with higher education institutions on innovation projects is essential. Mexico has improved its institutional structure for innovation and its support policies.An explicit innovation policy is recent and it is difficult to evaluate its effectiveness. Research limitations/implications – This study contributes to the debate on how to improve the Mexican innovation system with emphasis on a broad concept of innovation.The Mexican innovation data is limited. Originality/value – This paper provides a landscape from which policy makers and academics can build on to present proposals for ways to improve innovation performance in Mexico and other Latin American countries.
Diurnal variation of the mixing-layer height and polonium concentration in the air

The Mixing Height (MH) is one of the most important parameters that characterise the range of the atmospheric turbulence. This parameter shows characteristic diurnal variation but cannot be measured immediately. Therefore, it is evaluated indirectly by measuring other quantities. The measurement of radon concentration in the atmospheric air is one of the methods using natural occurring radioactivity to fulfil this task. However, for various reasons, such measurements can be difficult because the natural level of radon concentration in the atmospheric air is rather low. The newly developed method described in this paper relies on the measurement of polonium 218Po concentration in the air and was examined during measurement campaigns performed in hot seasons. The acoustic sodar instrumentation was chosen as a reference method. As a result, the statistical model was developed to define the MH and the obtained results made it possible to find statistically significant relation between concentration of 218Po in the air and this parameter.
Farmer's lung with a high CD4/CD8 ratio lymphocytic alveolitis: A case report

Background: Farmer’s lung is one of the most common forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). It is a granulomatous inflammatory disease of the pulmonary parenchyma caused by the immune response to inhalatory antigens, mostly actinomycetes or moulds. The diagnostics range from imaging techniques to bronchoalveolar lavage, which demonstrates a typical lymphocytic alveolitis with a low CD4/CD8 ratio in only one third of patients. It is hypothesised that a low CD4/CD8 ratio predicts a prosperous course of the disease, but a high CD4/CD8 ratio lymphocytic alveolitis has yet to be determined to announce a more severe clinical course. Case report: This case report presents a patient with farmer’s lung, with a high CD4/CD8 ratio lymphocytic alveolitis and the dynamics of her disease in relation to her environment and therapy. There was clinical improvement, even without therapy, each time the patient moved away from the risk home environment and a setback when she returned back home. Eventually, lung fibrosis with pulmonary hypertension developed. Conclusion: Our case report does not only illustrate a clear etiological correlation between exposure to causative antigens and progression of farmer's lung, but also emphasises the necessity of early recognition and thorough sanitation of patients’ living space. Furthermore, a high CD4/CD8 ratio lymphocytic alveolitis, which is not typical for HP, is indicative of a continuous exposure to causative agents, leading to chronical inflammation and thus a worse clinical course of the disease.
Analysis of a wound rotor induction machine low frequency vibroacoustic emissions under stator winding fault conditions

This paper examines the wide-band vibroacoustic emissions of a medium power industrial wound rotor induction machine (WRIM) design operating with balanced windings and also with a stator winding fault. The aim of the presented study is to enable a clearer understanding of the possible spectral content of the WRIM vibration and acoustic emission signals in healthy and electrical fault conditions, with a view to assessing the possibility of vibroacoustic based electrical fault recognition. For this purpose, an experimental study is undertaken on a laboratory test rig in which the low frequency spectral content of the synchronously recorded vibration and acoustic emissions signals is mapped and correlated for healthy and faulty operating conditions. It is shown that the wide band winding fault induced changes can be clearly correlated and recognised in both the vibration and the acoustic emission signals of the investigated machine design.
Towards professional growth: essays on learning and teaching forest economics and marketing through drama, role-play and reflective journals

The requirements of the current working life are setting new challenges for higher education. It is widely accepted that besides mastering academic knowledge and skills, university graduates should also be provided with diverse generic skills before they begin their careers. However, there seems to be a gap between higher education and the needs of professional life. The findings of this research are designed to help tackle some of those challenges. The objective of this dissertation was to advance theories of learning in drama and roleplay, and to develop teaching methods that further expert knowledge development in higher education, especially in the field of forest economics and marketing. This study also explored learning journals as a tool for reflection and assessment. This multidisciplinary dissertation uses the mixed methods research approach and consists of a summary and three published (or accepted to be published) essays and one submitted manuscript. The qualitative research data were collected from students’ learning journals and a focus group interview, and quantitative data were gathered from two survey questionnaires. Qualitative thematic analysis and qualitative content analysis were applied to the qualitative data. The main quantitative analysis methods included t-tests and ANOVA. This dissertation introduces educational drama and role-play as viable learning and teaching methods in higher education. According to the findings, both methods seem to be able to involve several learning outcomes that are needed in the development of professional expertise. Furthermore, while real workplace placements cannot always be arranged for students, role-play can act as a supplementary learning method alongside work-based learning. It is also concluded that role-play is likely to suit better for enhancing learning that concentrate on a specific topic or a skill, whereas the strength of drama lies in critically evaluating underlying premises and personal stances students have towards a particular topic of learning. The findings of this dissertation also highlight the notion that reflective skills do not develop by themselves, but they should actively be fostered in higher education. Along with forest sciences education, other disciplines can also apply the findings in both higher education and vocational upper-secondary education. In addition, the gained information about promoting expert knowledge and skills through drama and role-play can also be transferred to new contexts, such as working-life personnel training and human resources development.
Direct and Indirect Drug Design Approaches for the Development of Novel Tricyclic Antipsychotics : Potential 5-HT 2 A Antagonist

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder manifested largely by disintegration of thought processes and emotional responsiveness. Given the therapeutic and toxic limitations of clinically available drugs, it is clear that there is still a need for the development of new generation antipsychotic agents with an improved clinical profile. Development of novel hybrid atypical tricyclic antipsychotic pharmacophore was achieved using direct (by measuring docking score of designed molecules on modelled 5-HT 2A receptor) and indirect (current, clinically available therapeutic agents’ data) drug design approaches.
Arctic sea-ice change: a grand challenge of climate science

Abstract Over the period of modern satellite observations, Arctic sea-ice extent at the end of the melt season (September) has declined at a rate of >11% per decade, and there is evidence that the rate of decline has accelerated during the last decade. While climate models project further decreases in sea- ice mass and extent through the 21st century, the model ensemble mean trend over the period of instrumental records is smaller than observed. Possible reasons for the apparent discrepancy between observations and model simulations include observational uncertainties, vigorous unforced climate variability in the high latitudes, and limitations and shortcomings of the models stemming in particular from gaps in understanding physical process. The economic significance of a seasonally sea-ice-free future Arctic, the increased connectivity of a warmer Arctic with changes in global climate, and large uncertainties in magnitude and timing of these impacts make the problem of rapid sea-ice loss in the Arctic a grand challenge of climate science. Meaningful prediction/projection of the Arctic sea-ice conditions for the coming decades and beyond requires determining priorities for observations and model development, evaluation of the ability of climate models to reproduce the observed sea-ice behavior as a part of the broader climate system, improved attribution of the causes of Arctic sea-ice change, and improved understanding of the predictability of sea-ice conditions on seasonal through centennial timescales in the wider context of the polar climate predictability.
HIV-Infektion und assistierte Reproduktion - heute schon medizinisch und ethisch vertretbar?

PuD9175. 5. Sonnenberg-Schwan U. Der Kinderwunsch HIV-positiver Frauen und Moglichkeiten zur Verwirklichung. In: Jager H (Hrsg.). Mit AIDS leben. Pravention, Therapie, Behandlungsalternativen, psychosoziale Aspekte. ecomed-Verlag, Landsberg 1999; 304–12. 6. Culnane M, Fowler M, Lee SS, et al. Lack of long-term effects of in utero exposure to zidovudine among uninfected children born to HIV-infected women. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 219/076 Teams. JAMA
Invariant metrics on homogeneous spaces with equivalent isotropy summands

The space of $G$-invariant metrics on a homogeneous space $G/H$ is in one-to-one correspondence with the set of inner products on the tangent space $\fr{m}\cong T_{{\it o}}(G/H)$, which are invariant under the isotropy representation. When all the isotropy summands are inequivalent to each other, then the metric is called diagonal. We will describe a special class of $G$-invariant metrics %with additional symmetries. in the case where the isotropy representation of $G/H$ contains some equivalent isotropy summands. Even though this problem has been considered sporadically in the bibliography, in the present article we provide a more systematic and organized description of such metrics. This will enable us to simplify the problem of finding $G$-invariant Einstein metrics for homogeneous spaces. We also provide some applications.
THE DIFFERENCES OF THE APPLIED METHODS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION OF ADOLESCENT BOYS

The sample of 234 7 th and 8 th grade boys, attending elementary schools located within the town of Sombor, was subject to body composition assessment by using the indices of body composition (body mass index) and methods by Mateika. Based on the estimated fat mass value, using the method by Mateika, the subjects were categorized by age, as recommended by McCarthy et al. Based on indices of body composition, also depending on the age, they were classifi ed into categories according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) standards, determined by Cole et al. There was a signifi cant difference in the number of subjects classifi ed in the category of the overweight and those classifi ed in the category of the obese in favor of greater sensitivity of the method by Mateika. Considering that for both categories medical monitoring is recommended, the results of the research give priority to the assessment of body composition by the method by Mateika despite much more complex methodology.
Nutrigenomics: concept, advances and applications

The interface between the nutritional environment and cellular/genetic processes is referred to as Nutritional genomics or Nutrigenomics. It seeks to understand the effects of diet on an individual's genes and health. Nutrigenomics seeks to provide a genetic understanding for how common dietary chemicals (i.e., nutrition) affect the balance between health and disease by altering the expression or structure of an individual's genetic makeup. It is the science that examines the response of individuals to food compounds using post-genomic and related technologies (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics etc.). Nutritional genetics is considered as the combination of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. Nutrigenomics is establishing the effects of ingested nutrients and other food components on gene expression and gene regulation. It will also determine the individual nutritional requirements based on the genetic makeup of the person (personalized diet) as well as the association between diet and chronic diseases which will help to understand the etiologic aspects of chronic diseases such as cancer, type-2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVS). Nutrigenetics on the other hand identifies how the genetic makeup of a particular individual co-ordinates his or her response to various dietary nutrients. It also reveals why and how people respond differently to the same nutrient. The long-term aim of nutrigenomics is to understand how the whole body responds to real foods using an integrated approach termed 'systems biology'. The huge advantage in this approach is that the studies can examine people (i.e. populations, sub-populations - based on genes or disease and individuals), food, life-stage and life-style without preconceived ideas. Nutrigenomic approaches will enhance researcher abilities to maintain animal health, optimize animal performance and improve milk and meat quality.
Customer Segmentation Based on Benefits of Consumer Demand: Case of Parjak Shampoo in Iranian Market

Today,one of the approaches is using for market segmentation, is “benefit sought approach”. Benefit sought is considered as types of benefits that consumers seek on products. Therefore, this research is study of shampoo market that is segmented on basis of favor of Shiraz city consumers. Method of descriptive research is survey type. Research statistic population includes all of consumers Parjak shampoo at Shiraz city. And sample includes 400 consumers in 5 zones (north-south-center-east-west). The tool of research is questionnaire with the scale of five degree Likert. Model of research was evaluated by 16 variables. Analysis of data is 3 steps. At first, number of variables decreased using of factor analysis. Thus, 6 variables were extracted as input variable of cluster analysis K-means algorithm was considered and after cluster analysis operation, the market was divided to 4 sections, on the basis of favor of consumers. After identification of segments was processed to hypothesis test. The results of statistics tests indicated the presence of meaningful relation within factors” status married, family members, education, job, income, consumption, loyalty” with favor of shampoo consumers that has been introduced on the index of market section. In this research did not confirm hypothesis of sex and age affect at selection and purchasing shampoo. Keyword s : Market segmentation, benefits of consumer demand, Parjak shampoo
Short-Term Forecasting Models of Wind Speed for Airborne Wind Turbines: A Comparative Study

The technology of airborne wind turbines is rapidly growing, with the purpose of overcoming working limitations of wind turbines at low altitudes. High-altitude wind is strong enough for efficient power generation, but wind conditions vary. Wind-speed forecasting in real time is necessary for power generation or flight stabilization. This study investigates three widely used forecasting models with a single-step and multistep ahead scheme for short-term wind-speed prediction from historical wind measurement data: a persistence model, an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, and an artificial neural network (ANN). In the single-step scheme, the accuracy of the persistence model dramatically decreases as the time horizon increases; nevertheless, the persistence model is the simplest algorithm to implement. The ARMA model and the ANN yield a significant accuracy of wind-speed forecasting, compared with the persistence model. The overall mean absolute errors (MAEs) of ARMA and ANN are 19.78% and 22.69% lower than that of the persistence method, respectively. The lowest errors were found in ANNs for most cases of time horizon lengths. Unlike ANNs, the setup of the ARMA model is systematical. A few time horizons can be recommended for short-term wind-speed forecasting for an airborne wind turbine. However, for a long time horizon, the multistep ahead forecasting scheme is recommended since the overall MAEs from the ARMA and ANN are reduced by 4.70% and 11.88%, respectively. 
The Use of Chemometrics Analysis as a Cost-effective Tool in Sustainable Utilisation of Water Resources in the Langat River Catchment

5 Abstract: Malaysia was adopted the concept of sustainable development as mentioned in the National Documents of the 8 Malaysian Plan and OPP3. This calls for environmental studies within the context of th sustainable science and governance. This study details the application of chemometrics in environmental chemistry for sustainable utilization of resources in the Langat Basin, Selangor, Malaysia. We hope to demonstrate in this work the importance of historical data, if they are available, in planning sampling strategies to achieve desired research objectives. To achieve the objectives, this study highlights the possibility of determining the optimum number of sampling stations, which in turn would reduce cost and time of sampling. The seasonally dependent water quality data of Langat River was investigated during the period of December 2001 to May 2002. Monthly water samples were collected from four different stations. Concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, lead, cadmium, iron, zinc and copper were determined. Dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), temperature, pH, total suspended solids (TSS), ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) and conductivity were measured insitu. Chemometric treatments using cluster, principal component analysis and factorial design were employed where data were characterized as function of season and sampling sites, thus, enabling significant discriminating factors to be discovered. Results showed that at a chord distance of 75.25 the cluster gave two groups of sampling plot. Group I consists of 6 sampling stations while Group II consists of 14 sampling stations. The two clusters are discussed in terms of the difference in data variability.
A Study of Equity Valuation Models: Evidence from German Companies

This paper aims to test the accuracy for the period 1990 to 2006 of three well-known equity valuation models. This is done to a sample of German listed firms which diverge from the US market in accounting standards, market maturity and corporate governance culture as well as differing market movements and trends which influence main input factors and estimations. To the best of our knowledge this is the first paper to address this issue for a sample of listed firms from the largest bank-based European economy. Using different accuracy measures such as absolute prediction error (average, median and central tendency) the results show that dividend discounted and abnormal earnings models tend to provide better accuracy than the free cash flow approach. Additionally we find evidence of the importance of German accounting standards in the less accuracy performance of the abnormal earnings model compared to previous studiesdue to the conservative accounting and the influence of hidden reserves. Finally we did not find any significant valuation differences regarding the alternative values used for growth and discount rates.
The Constant-Q Iir Filterbank Approach To Spectral Flux

Spectral flux is usually measured with the FFT, but here a constant-Q IIR filterbank implementation is proposed. This leads to a relatively efficient sliding feature extractor with the benefit of keeping the time resolution of the output as high as it is in the input signal. Several applications are considered, such as estimation of sensory dissonance, uses in sound synthesis, adaptive effects processing and visualisation in recurrence plots. A novel feature called second order flux is also introduced.