Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extensions to the Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracker for Improved Data Association

Multitarget tracking is a state space estimation problem where false measurements, missed detections, and uncertainty in the source of measurements provide the challenge. The Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracker (PMHT) is an algorithm which solves the Multitarget tracking problem through application of the Expectation Maximisation algorithm. This algorithm has a number of advantages over traditional techniques, but has not undergone the same degree of development as more established algorithms. This thesis presents extensions to the PMHT which both generalise its fundamental problem formulation, and address practical issues arising in the use of real sensors. The PMHT is extended to incorporate augmented measurements, which consist of the normal state observations, and classification measurements not considered under the standard PMHT. These classification measurements are interpreted as observations of the assignments, and a PMHT algorithm is derived. The classification measurements improve data association, and simulations are used to demonstrate the effect this has on state estimation accuracy. The probabilistic assignment model, central to the PMHT, is generalised to allow for an assignment prior distribution which varies smoothly with time. The prior is modelled as a random process following a first order Markov chain. Simulations are used to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm under a time evolving assignment prior. The PMHT assumption of a constant and known number of targets is relaxed by developing automatic track initiation schemes which are used to reject superfluous candidate models. Several approaches, similar to those used in other tracking algorithms, are considered, and the best of these is found by simulations involving various clutter conditions. The above extensions are applied to the problem of Over the Horizon Radar (OTHR) tracking and a prototype OTHR tracker is developed. A number of OTHR specific problems are also addressed, and the performance of the PMHT extensions is measured on data recorded from an operational OTHR. The performance of the PMHT prototype is compared with the existing tracking algorithm, which is based on the Probabilistic Data Association Filter.
Understanding Map Operations in Location-based Surveys

Location-based surveys have been moving to handheld computing devices as the availability of such devices has become more common. The more limited screen size of the handheld devices has made the maps more difficult to use. The present work looks at the map operations of users to determine if they are having problems. Two studies have been analyzed to get an understanding of the types of patterns that might be used to identify users that are having trouble. The choice of the two studies was to find two studies that were quite different and use one of the studies to find patterns of map operations that would indicate that a user was having problems. The second study could then be used to test the relevance of the patterns in a different implementation of the same task. We have identified patterns of interest using the data from the first study and found that the same patterns were relevant in the second study.
An Optimum 2.5D Contour Parallel Tool Path

Although the conventional contour parallel tool path obtained from geometric information has been successful to make desirable shape, it seldom consider physical process concerns like cutting forces and chatters. In this paper, an optimized contour parallel path, which maintains constant MRR(material removal rates) at all time, is introduced and the result is verified. The optimized tool path is based on a conventional contour parallel tool path. Additional tool path segments are appended to the basic tool path in order to achieve constant cutting forces and to avoid chatter vibrations at the entire machining area. The algorithm has been implemented for two dimensional contiguous end milling operations with flat end mills, and cutting tests were conducted to verify the significance of the proposed method.
RMCC: An Efficient Cooperative Caching Scheme for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

For mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), caching data is important and useful. By exercising cache cooperation between mobile nodes, cooperative caching schemes can improve data accessibility and system performance. Seeing that the cache hit ratios tend to degrade due to high node mobility, restricted battery energy and limited wireless bandwidth in a MANET, we introduce a new cooperative caching scheme, the Regionally Maintained Cooperative Caching (RMCC) scheme, to solve the problem. RMCC allows one node in a region to cache a data item while the other nodes in the same region to cache the path to the node when to acquire the same item. Such a design helps generate more cache space and wider cached data variety for nodes in one region, and as a result attains higher cache hit ratios as well as lower data access latency. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed RMCC outperforms other schemes in terms of cache hit ratios, in-cache ratios and amounts of required file packets.
Control of three‐synchronous‐generator infinite‐bus system by OGY method

Stability of a power system has been investigated in terms of chaos and bifurcation. In this paper, the OGY (Ott–Grebogi–Yorke) method for controlling chaos of three machines operating onto an infinite‐bus system is investigated by computer simulations. The swing equation with the controlling input u is used. The OGY method is extended to the form in the six‐dimensional space. The eight equilibrium points are obtained. The swing equation is normalized and transformed into a discrete‐time state equation from which the control input is calculated. The time series of the phase angles of generators without the control input show the chaotic irregular motion and the step‐out. The time series of the phase angle of generators with the control inputs by the OGY method show the stable motion. The phase angles are successfully controlled onto the unstable equilibrium points with the three unstable manifolds and the three stable manifolds. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(2): 32–39, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20008
JUXTAPOSITION BETWEEN CLOUD COMPUTING AND GRID COMPUTING

In the current era, Cloud computing has become buzzword. Cloud computing emerges as one of the hottest topic in field of information technology. Cloud computing is the recent invented technology on the network world. Clouds are calculated as a new era of Grid computing. In order to study the importance of cloud computing, we illustrate the characteristics of cloud computing and differentiate it from many other research areas. The service oriented, loosely coupled, fault tolerant, business oriented model and easy to use are the main characteristics of cloud computing. Grid computing is the simplest process of cooperating multiple processors on multiple machines and it also boost the computational power which requires high capacity of the CPU. In grid computing number of servers which have common operating systems and software has interactions among. This paper compare and contrast cloud computing with grid computing from various aspects and give insights into the various important characteristics of both.
A 1µA front-end for pacemaker atrial sensing channels

A low-power front-end for a pacemaker atrial sensing channel based on peak detection is presented. The very tight system specifications in terms of power consumption and output noise, the need to operate with a supply voltage decreasing from 2.8 V to 2 V during the battery lifetime, and additional functionalities with respect to standard front-ends, like gain programmability and early sensing, make the design of this system a challenge. The front-end includes a preamplifier and a 3rd SC filter, and it is fabricated in a 0.8 µm CMOS technology. It features a 1 µA current consumption from a single nominal 2.8 supply (which, however, can decrease down to 2V), 5.1 mVrms total output noise and a maximum voltage gain of 740.
Mixed Methods and Multimodal Research and Internet Technologies

This chapter explores the varied ways in which qualitative and quantitative, large-scale and small-scale research designs have been combined in the study of the Internet. The chapter also considers multimodal and online/offline studies, which explore a research object by combining diverse forms of data drawn by crossing the offline/online boundary or combining digital and analogue data. The focus of the chapter is on exploring the motivations for these combinations and outlining the distinctive issues that heterogeneous research designs in these domains encounter. Internet research has occasioned many innovative research designs, as the sheer quantity of data available online often prompts even those overtly committed to a qualitative paradigm to explore techniques for visualizing data, and exploring patterns on a larger scale through social network analysis or sentiment analysis. The spatial complexities entailed in networked communication often, however, introduce a challenge for researchers seeking to combine perspectives.
Ardrand: The Arduino as a Hardware Random-Number Generator

Cheap micro-controllers, such as the Arduino or other controllers based on the Atmel AVR CPUs are being deployed in a wide variety of projects, ranging from sensors networks to robotic submarines. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using the Arduino as a true random number generator (TRNG). The Arduino Reference Manual recommends using it to seed a pseudo random number generator (PRNG) due to its ability to read random atmospheric noise from its analog pins. This is an enticing application since true bits of entropy are hard to come by. Unfortunately, we show by statistical methods that the atmospheric noise of an Arduino is largely predictable in a variety of settings, and is thus a weak source of entropy. We explore various methods to extract true randomness from the micro-controller and conclude that it should not be used to produce randomness from its analog pins.
iTutorials for the Aid to Mild Cognitively Impaired Elderly Population in their Preferred Environment

In the context of Assistive Technologies (AT), the present work addresses the improvement and greater adaptability of iTutorials, a supportive system we have been working on over the last two years, and which is intended to provide in-home support to cognitively impaired older adults in the performance of Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). The new approach to iTutorials resulted in a more adaptive system addressing, on the one hand, activity guidance based on the actual context and the user profile, and on the other hand, the design of an interactive interface tailored to the user needs in an attempt to mitigate the physical decline and memory loss affecting our target users. The agent-based architecture of iTutorials deploys a distributed system that allows caregivers to enter and manage data from a different device than the touch-screen computer where the user interface runs. Empiric results obtained while testing with real Portuguese older volunteers demonstrated that our application is easy to learn and pleasant to use, and proved its aid to elderly users with cognitive disabilities in the accomplishment of basic tasks.
Full-Duplex Spectrum Sharing in Cooperative Single Carrier Systems

We propose cyclic prefix single carrier full-duplex transmission in amplify-and-forward cooperative spectrum sharing networks to achieve multipath diversity and full-duplex spectral efficiency. Integrating full-duplex transmission into cooperative spectrum sharing systems results in two intrinsic problems: 1) the residual loop interference occurs between the transmit and the receive antennas at the secondary relays and 2) the primary users simultaneously suffer interference from the secondary source (SS) and the secondary relays (SRs). Thus, examining the effects of residual loop interference under peak interference power constraint at the primary users and maximum transmit power constraints at the SS and the SRs is a particularly challenging problem in frequency selective fading channels. To do so, we derive and quantitatively compare the lower bounds on the outage probability and the corresponding asymptotic outage probability for max-min relay selection, partial relay selection, and maximum interference relay selection policies in frequency selective fading channels. To facilitate comparison, we provide the corresponding analysis for half-duplex. Our results show two complementary regions, named as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) dominant region and the residual loop interference dominant region, where the multipath diversity and spatial diversity can be achievable only in the SNR dominant region, however the diversity gain collapses to zero in the residual loop interference dominant region.
Language and Literacy Development in Children Who Are Deaf

Each chapter includes "Final Comments" and "Suggested Readings. " 1.Language Development and the Goals of Language Instruction. Nature and Study of Language Acquisition. Cognitive Dimensions of Language Acquisition. Developmental Sequence in Language Acquisition. Goals of Language Instruction. Approaches to Language Assessment. Analyzing the Child's Developmental Language Stage. Identifying Appropriate Language Goals. 2.Language Development within the Classroom Setting. Developing Language through Conversation. Teaching Models and Strategies That Encourage Language Growth. Use of Technology for Teaching Language. Incidental Teaching of Language. Interdisciplinary Curriculum: Integrating Language into Thematic Units. Incorporating Strategies of Second Language Learning. 3.Literacy Development. Balanced Literacy Defined. Reading Development. Emergent Literacy. Capability and Achievement of Deaf Students. Literature and Literacy Development. Metacognition and Literacy. Development of Writing. Relationships between Reading and Writing Development. 4.Approaches to Promote Reading and Writing Development. Fostering Emergent Literacy. Models for Reading and Writing Instruction. Teaching Strategies. 5.Learning through Reading and Writing in the Content Areas. Framework for Content Area Literacy. Models for Reading in the Content Areas. Teaching Strategies. 6.Monitoring the Learning Process in Reading and Writing. Assessment Principles. Assessment Process. 7.Language and Literacy Development through Parent-Child-Teacher Partnerships. Perspectives on Family-School Partnerships. Legal Impetus for Parent Involvement in Educational Decisions. Family Literacy. Appendix: Standardized and Criterion-Referenced Tests. References. Index.
An Enhanced Energy Saving Mechanism in IEEE 802.16e.

There is provided an apparatus for processing a surface of an object to be processed by utilizing microwave plasma within a plasma-producing chamber, which comprises a microwave power-generating means; a wave guide for transmitting microwaves generated from said microwave power-generating means; a closed vessel constituting the plasma-producing chamber separated from said wave guide by a separating means; an antenna for transmitting microwaves, one end thereof protruding into the wave guide and another end thereof protruding into the closed vessel and a supporting means, for holding or supporting the electroconductive object to be processed, provided within the closed vessel and so attached to the antenna that the antenna and the electroconductive object may be electrically connected to each other.
XBRL Taxonomy Recognition Process

This document describes the process followed by XBRL International for formal recognition of a taxonomy. Formal recognition leads to the public listing of a taxonomy on the XBRL web site. The process establishes two levels of recognition: Acknowledged – An “Acknowledged” taxonomy is recognised as being in compliance with the XBRL Specification. Approved – An “Approved” taxonomy is recognised as complying with the published guidelines for similar taxonomies, for example that a reporting taxonomy is formed and behaves like other reporting taxonomies, and that it conforms with the XBRL Specification. A recognised taxonomy must meet certain standards of documentation and hosting as detailed in this process document. A taxonomy is either a schema that imports and uses definitions from namespace http://www.xbrl. org/2003/instance, or a linkbase that imports and uses elements from namespace http://www.xbrl. org/2003/linkbase, any combination thereof, and the DTS of such files, net of any taxonomies (sets of files) already approved or acknowledged.
Review on Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a computing technique, where a large group of systems are connected to private or public networks, where data owner can store his data on remote systems and frees himself from storage burden and uses the data on-demand, anytime, everywhere. As a Cloud data user does not possess direct control of his data, security is one of the few challenging issues which need to be addressed. Security in Cloud computing can be addressed in many directions viz. authentication, integrity, confidentiality and many more. Data integrity or correctness is an issue where there may be some unauthorized alteration in the data without consent of the data owner. Hence, data storage security in cloud computing is of the utmost importance nowadays. In this paper, we summarize some encryption-decryption algorithms which is used to secure the user’s data in a cloud environment using a cloud simulation toolkit.
Visually Exploring Missing Values in Multivariable Data Using a Graphical User Interface

Missing values are common in data, and usually require attention in order to conduct the statistical analysis. One of the first steps is to explore the structure of the missing values, and how missingness relates to the other collected variables. This article describes an R package, that provides a graphical user interface (GUI) designed to help explore the missing data structure and to examine the results of different imputation methods. The GUI provides numerical and graphical summaries conditional on missingness, and includes imputations using fixed values, multiple imputations and nearest neighbors.
Concevoir des applications graphiques interactives distribuées avec INDIGO

INDIGO is a software architecture designed for the development of interactive applications. The architecture is composed of (i) object servers that manage the application data and (ii) interaction and rendering servers that manage display and interaction. Such separation of the core application logic from the interaction makes it possible to optimize graphical rendering and interaction according to the current setup and context. Application objects can be shared among multiple clients, therefore supporting sharing and collaboration. This approach was validated through examples that illustrate various types of presentation and interaction devices.
Research Approaches in Applied Linguistics

与其他领域的研究一样，应用语言学的研究通常通过两种方法完成：定量与定性研究方法。 人们的共识是进行研究时需要同时采用两种方法，因为没有任何一种单一的研究方法能够解决所有的问题。 这两种方法要求的研究步骤不尽相同，也不可避免的有着各自的优势与弊端。 定量研究方法的三种常见类型包括：实验、准实验研究、调查。 语言学通常使用的三种定量研究方法包括：案例研究、行动研究和人种志研究。 不同类型的研究课题可采用不同的研究方法，辨明这两种方法的差别尤为重要。 选用哪种研究方法需由研究者根据具体的研究课题的特点以及方法的适用性做出选择。 可以只采用某一种方法，也可以两种方法相结合，但原则是要保证研究的可靠性和有效性得到最大程度的体现。
VirtualLabs@UMa: uma plataforma personalizável para a realização de actividades experimentais

Currently, the methods used by students to study outside classes are more theoretical since it is mostly based on textbooks or computers in order to complement their studies. When it comes to more practical courses such as chemistry or biology, replicating at home an experiment carried out previously at school is almost impossible due the lack of infra-structure and material. In the last few years, with the possibility to provide multimedia and virtual reality environments on the Web, different applications were proposed to overcome this need for virtual laboratories. However, most of the existing tools are not flexible enough or are domain-oriented, not supporting the addition of new experiments when needed. With this thought in mind, the main contribution of this dissertation is to propose and develop a virtual reality application that is able to adapt easily to new laboratory activities in order to customize the tasks to be performed by students, which can be accessed via the Moodle platform. The developed application gives students a better understanding of how the business will be done and prepares them to carry it out successfully in a real environment.
TinkRBooks : tinkerable story elements for emergent literacy

Printed words are an abstract representation of concepts. Today parents teach children how to read by demonstrating how text is related to imagery. I present textual tinkerability, an idea for demonstrating reading by using multisensory gestures to expose and alter the text-graphic relationship within the story. Tinkerability allows readers to physically express words as they read, giving them some degree of control over the narrative. Two interactive storybooks called TinkRBooks demonstrate how tinkerability supports parent-child emergent literacy. Design guidelines were developed to showcase how tinkerability can be used for creating educationally meaningful interactivity. TinkRBooks allows parents to gesturally modify and discuss how text relates to concepts within a narrative. TinkRBooks allows children to actively explore the abstract relationship between printed words and their meanings, even before this relationship is properly understood. This ability to explore textual representation changes the way parents read to their children during emergent literacy. When using a TinkRBook, parents spend more time talking, discussing more comprehensive ideas with their children and provoking more meta dialogue than with regular books. TinkRBook also encourages children to drive their reading inquiry, by actively demonstrating the concepts relating to vocabulary schema within the narrative. The result is a new story sharing experience that benefits both parents and children by allowing them to understand how the choice of words impacts the story experience. Thesis Supervisor Cynthia Breazeal Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences
Towards real-time monitoring and detectime monitoring of asthma symptoms on resource-constraint mobile device

In this paper, we present work in progress on application scenario where a smartphone is used to detect and quantitatively index early signs of asthma attack triggered by exercise. Here, the embedded microphone in the mobile phone records the user's breath sound while motion sensors-accelerometer, gyroscope and digital compass provide measurements on the level or intensity of activity and posture changes. Our design and preliminary result show that using only built-in sensors in smartphones, mobile phones can sufficiently and reliably monitor health status of patients with long-term respiratory conditions such as asthma.
Acoustic Echo Cancellation by Informax Based Source Deflation of the Loudspeaker Signal

In this paper, an informax based source deflation algorithm of the loudspeaker (far-end) signal for acoustic echo cancellation is introduced. The aim is to continually model the loudspeaker-environment-enclosure filter even under double-talk and noisy conditions, something the current methods fail to do. The deflation filter is learned using the informax principle where a prior knowledge about the near-end signal's approximate probability density function is required for optimal filter convergence. Simulation results are used to illustrate the performance of the algorithm under double-talk conditions, as well as simulation comparisons to the normalized least-mean-square algorithm for echo cancellation under varying noise conditions with no double-talk