Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Judges’ Delegations Affect Judicial Performance? A Transition Economy Evidence

Abstract The aim of this study is to discern whether, by delegating judges from the court to the Ministry of Justice, the Minister of Justice influences the results of courts in terms of adjudication. The study used a unique set of data for the Polish judicial system over a period of five years. The research results indicate that there are three reasons for delegating judges. Firstly, the delegation system serves to fill staff shortages among administrative staff at the Ministry of Justice. Secondly, the delegation system allows for inefficient judges to be moved. Thirdly, the system serves as an indirect control mechanism affecting the independence of courts. The results show that delegation has a positive short-term impact on judicial performance.
MAPEAMENTO E PROPOSTAS DE MELHORIA DE PROCESSOS DO SETOR FARMACÊUTICO DE UM HOSPITAL DO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS

O presente trabalho estuda as causas de erros de medicação em processos de uma farmácia de dispensação de um hospital filantrópico de médio porte, em Itajubá, Minas Gerais, visando o aumento da segurança do paciente. A importância deste trabalho está em unir o conhecimento de Engenharia de Produção no setor de saúde, para que os processos se tornem mais seguros e, consequentemente, os erros sejam reduzidos. O objetivo é mapear os processos escolhidos, identificar as interfaces críticas, para então propor recomendações de melhoria. Foram mapeados três processos representativos da farmácia, os quais foram representados em fluxogramas, para, então, identificar as interfaces críticas envolvidas, realizar uma análise sobre elas e, assim, propor melhorias. Usou-se das técnicas de shadowing e estudo de caso para levantar informações para a construção dos fluxogramas, abordando o caminho e os envolvidos nos processos. As prescrições médicas, o sistema computacional utilizado no hospital e a fita de medicamento foram as principais interfaces a serem melhoradas, visto que o primeiro pode fornecer informações erradas sobre a dosagem e a via de administração do medicamento, o segundo por apresentar problemas de usabilidade e o último por poder levar medicamentos errados ou não enviá-los. Conclui-se que, para mitigar erros de dispensação e de administração de medicamentos, é preciso melhorar essas interfaces de forma que se criem barreiras capazes de identificar facilmente as falhas que acontecem ao longo de todo o processo de medicação.
Study of electromigration-induced Cu consumption in the flip-chip Sn∕Cu solder bumps

The Cu consumption in flip-chip Sn∕Cu solder joint structures, both with and without current stressing was studied. The Cu consumption activation energy without current stressing was determined to be 0.93eV. With current stressing, the Cu consumption activation energy decreased to 0.66eV. We believe that the enhancement of Cu consumption by current stressing is due to the electromigration (EM) Cu atoms dissolved in the Sn to electromigrate instantaneously toward the anode side, which means that the cathode’s Cu–Sn compound layer dissolves into the Sn to satisfy the Cu solubility limit. The EM-induced Cu consumption is controlled by either the dissolution of the cathode Cu–Sn compound or by EM Cu flux in Sn. The temperature defines that the controlling step of Cu consumption was found and determined to be 129°C by equating the dissolution flux in the Cu–Sn compound and the EM Cu flux in Sn. When the EM temperature is higher than the critical temperature, the Cu–Sn compound dissolution process controls the .
Oxidative decomposition of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in plasma etching

Investigations on the plasma chemical oxidation process of polymethylmethacrylate have been performed in a parallel-plate RF discharge. Oxygen radicals are shown to be the chemical species that is essential for oxidative etching. Ion bombardment of the polymer surface is characterized as the energetically dominant activation mechanism. Based on a macroscopic point of view taking only the stable reactants into account and an exact quantitative balance of all initial substances and reaction products, it is demonstrated that elementary rules of chemistry, such as stoichiometric substance conversion and a modified mass action law, are also valid in plasma chemical processes. By means of these fundamental laws, the composition of stable gases in the reactor and the effectiveness of the process are explained.
Plasticization of Barley Starch with Glycerol and Water

Abstract Barley starch was plasticized in a melt mixer using glycerol and water as plasticizers. Plasticizer concentration, time, temperature, and shear were varied, and their effects on the molecular weight of starch and the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of the mixtures were studied. Depolymerization of amylopectin was observed in all experiments, and starch degradation proceeded further at low glycerol concentrations. The glass transition of the plasticized starch-glycerol mixtures occurred in the temperature range −50 to −100°C and was probably induced by glycerol, not by starch. The tensile strength of a starch plate containing 29 wt% glycerol was about 0.5 MPa 1 week after molding, but increased to 2–3 MPa during 5 weeks of storage at 50% relative humidity and 24°C.
SOME THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ON THE THIN-LAYER DRYING OF FISH CRACKERS: PRODUCT EXPANSION ASSESSMENT

ABSTRACT Fish crackers are semi-prepared starch-based products which must be expanded just prior to consumption. This work aims at the experimental and theoretical study of the thin-layer drying process of fish crackers in a thin disc geometry. The process was carried out in an insulated cabinet dryer and the experimental kinetic drying data were fitted using the analytical solutions resulting from both a drying model governed by the Fick' s second law and a model based on the lumped system, highlighting the adequacy of each of them. Therefore, it was possible to calculate the mass transfer coefficients for seven different blends offish crackers. Also, the effect of the drying time on the bulk density of the puffed product was evaluated for these seven blends. Both the kinetic drying parameters and the optimal bulk density responses were analyzed using the Simplex-Lattice Design over a mixture triangle within a minimal number of experiments.
FMCW radar antenna using a half parabolic reflector with microstrip-patch-array offset feed and tuning strip

In this paper, we propose a reflector antenna with a microstrip-patch-array offset feed. The proposed antenna offers several advantages in design flexibility, especially to determine the horizontal and vertical beam patterns by the modular feed and the reflector curvature design, respectively. Moreover, it provides an internal tuning mechanism in the form of a tuning strip which is relatively simple to apply. The paper describes the steps in a parametric study carried out to minimize the antenna dimensions. The resulting optimized design is found to be around 50% smaller in dimension than the initial design of the proposed antenna. A demonstrator for experimental analysis, consisting of a transmit and a receive antenna, has been constructed, and the isolation between the antennas is found to be better than 70 dB. The antenna demonstrator has been integrated with an FMCW radar transceiver and satisfactorily tested to operate as a coastal surveillance radar.
Attention (and Joint Attention)

A prototypical example of “joint attention” involves visual attention in what are referred to as “social communicative routines” (Bruner 1985) – repeated and sometimes prolonged interactions between child and caregiver that are said to scaffold a child’s early language, specifically learning referents for words, along, perhaps, with conversational skills (Tomasello 1988). Joint attention on this account resembles an augmented version of Augustine’s picture – famously criticized by Wittgenstein (see Wittgenstein, Ludwig) – of a hypothetical language-learning child who notices adults’ attention to an object and “grasp[s] that the thing was called by the sound they uttered when they meant to point it out” (Wittgenstein 1958). The notion of “joint attention” is meant to add to this picture an interactive coordination – a child’s attention is directed to an object by an adult’s gaze or pointing gesture, and the child attends to the object by recognizing the adult’s intention so to direct her attention. A more reciprocal version is also possible: the child alternates gaze between adult and object, seemingly manipulating – both calling for and checking – the other’s attention. Scholars apparently take “joint attention” among mature humans as a given but are puzzled about how young infants acquire the requisite cognitive, conceptual, and psychosocial abilities. Special attention has focused on the child’s developing theory of mind (see Language and Mind) as a distinctive and defining part of human consciousness, by contrast, for example, with that of apes or even, say, ravens: other species which display sensitivity to the eye gaze of other beings without reaching what researchers qualify as true “joint attention. ” Autistic individuals are also thought to exhibit differences from others with respect to their capacity for joint attention, and developmental studies on the topic abound. There is also a large companion philosophical literature on how to decompose and interpret the essential conceptual ingredients for joint attention, in ways relatively “rich” or “lean” with respect to the implied theories of mind. Anyone who has spent time with young children and their caregivers will be familiar with canonical displays of joint attention, although not all such routines focus on learning new lexical referents. Alice, at age nine months, speaks no recognizable words, but she has a few emblematic gestures, including an admonitive negative finger wave. She crawls toward a garbage bin, and as she reaches for it, her mother says, “Don’t touch that thing, Alice! ” Alice halts and turns to look at her mother, simultaneously performing the negative finger wave, to which her mother replies with a “tsk” and a “no.” Alice again waves her finger and gives a further negative head shake. The infant then stares and waves her finger at the forbidden garbage can, as her mother intones “no, no, no, mustn’t touch that thing. ” Here, if there is an “object” being jointly attended to at all, it is the garbage bin; and what is learned is not a referent but a prohibition – spoken and gestured.
APTIDÃO FÍSICA EM FUNÇÃO DO RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR POR MEIO DA RELAÇÃO CINTURA ESTATURA DE SEDENTÁRIOS

The objective of the study was to compare the physical fitness of sedentary individuals in the city of Petrolina-PE according to sex, age group and cardiovascular risk through the waist-height relationship. The sample consisted of 3,173 individuals of both sexes, sedentary and aged between 18 and 64 years. Body mass, height, waist and hip circumference, skinfolds, motor tests (flexibility, elbow flexion and trunk flexion), systolic and diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate, and later calculated waist-hip and waist-height ratio and mean arterial pressure, still estimating the maximum volume of oxygen. For data analysis, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis “U” tests were used, with significance of p <0.05. The results showed that there were significant differences (p <0.05) in all measures evaluated in relation to the sex of sedentary individuals. The results were significant when compared to the male and female age groups for all variables within the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles, and also when comparing the groups with the lowest and highest cardiovascular risk. It was concluded that male participants have better physical fitness than women, and this tends to worsen with advancing age for both sexes, in addition to the subjects classified as having higher cardiovascular risk had worse physical fitness.
Fluorine-free high-resolution selective plasma etching of silicon-oxide layers on silicon substrates

Highly selective and vertical dry etching of SiO2 structures on silicon substrates is reported using a mixture of C2H2 and H2 gases in a direct current plasma reactor and at elevated temperatures ranging from 420 to 620 °C. Good anisotropic etching of SiO2 features can be achieved by this process without a need for fluorocarbon-based gases which are used to increase the selectivity of etching and to avoid the removal of the underlying silicon. The vertically etched patterns of SiO2 have been accomplished with a high selectivity over the Si and Si3N4 layers. The etch rate can be adjusted to obtain values between 2 and 20 nm min−1 depending on the temperature as well as the gas composition and plasma conditions.
Preparation and Properties of P-Type Transparent Conductive NiO Films

The NiO-Cu composite films with various Cu contents of 0 – 18.17 at. % are deposited on glass substrate. An ultra high electrical resistivity (ρ) is obtained and cannot be detected by four point probe measurement when the Cu contents in the films are lower than 6.97 at. %. The ρ value is reduced significantly to 35.8 Ω-cm as Cu content is increased to 9.18 at. %, and it further decreases to 0.02 Ω-cm when the Cu content further increases to 18.17 at. %. The Hall measurement for all Cu-doped NiO films show p-type conduction. In addition, the transmittance of NiO films also decreases continuously from 96 % to 43 % as Cu content increases from 0 to 18.17 at. %. The XRD patterns of Cu-doped NiO films only appear NiO peaks and the crystallinity of NiO films becomes worse as Cu content is added to above 6.97 at. %. Large amount of lattice sites of Ni2+ ions in NiO crystalline are replaced by the Cu+ ions that leads to p-type conduction and result in the degradation of crystallinity for NiO-Cu composite films having higher Cu content.
Hierarchical micro-/mesoporous N- and O-enriched carbon derived from disposable cashmere: a competitive cost-effective material for high-performance electrochemical capacitors

To obtain advanced carbon materials for next-generation electrochemical capacitors (ECs), it is critical to understand the synergetic effect of versatile carbon surface functionalities and the specific pore structure on their electrochemical performance. Herein, we developed a facile yet scalable fabrication of N- and O-enriched carbon with nanoscale to mesoscale porous structures from the disposable cashmere. The hierarchical cashmere-derived micro-/mesoporous carbon (CDMMC) was endowed with a desirable specific surface area (SSA, 1358 m2 g−1), hierarchical porosity with high microporosity of ∼45.5%, and high content of heteroatom functionalities (∼4 at% N and ∼15.5 at% O). Even better electrochemical capacitance of the resulting CDMMC was obtained in 1 M H2SO4, benefiting from the hierarchical micro-/mesoporosity, large effective SSA and remarkable heteroatom (N, O) doping effects, that is, the smart combination of double layer and Faradaic contributions, compared to that in KOH. Furthermore, larger energy density (∼17.9 Wh kg−1) of the CDMMC-based symmetric device was obtained with organic electrolytes, compared to those with aqueous electrolytes.
Structural and electrical properties of In6Se7 thin films

In6Se7 thin films of different thicknesses were prepared by the thermal deposition technique. Structural studies show that In6Se7 thin films have a polycrystalline nature of the monoclinic phase: its lattice parameters a, b, c and β were calculated for the first time. The thermoelectric power (TEP) measurements indicate that the investigated films are n-type semiconductors. Both the resistivity and the TEP measurements indicate the existence of one conduction mechanism. The temperature coefficient of activation energy, the free charge carrier concentration, the carrier mobility and the grain boundary barrier potential were evaluated. The dark I–V and C–V characteristics of n-In6Se7/p-Si heterojunction at different temperatures were performed. The internal junction parameters were calculated and the existence of the multi-step tunnelling mechanism was confirmed.
COVID – 19 and Gravid Mothers

Human history is observing a very horrible and strange situation fighting a very small enemy The Novel COVID-19 corona virus On 11 feb 2020 world health organization has declared a name for covid disorder and has said covid as a global public health diease and also as a pandemic due to its worldwide spread It started as an outbreak in december with its birth place in wuhan people of china has came out as a global public health exigency of worldwide trouble Corona virus are the group of virus with non segmented, single stranded and positive sence RNA genome In this narrative review article, reference was taken from different article published in various database Maximum article including the information of pregnancy and covid-19 were reviewed A review of 11article with world health organization site information it is found that the symptoms of corona virus disease in non-pregnant occurred indistinguishable to that of gravid mother There is no information regarding perinatal transmission in parturiency It has been disclosed that corona virus can cause distress in gravid mother, miscarriage and also fetal distress In general due to lack of relevant information regarding the effect of corona virus disease on gravidity it is obligatory to have more and more studies in this area
Twenty Four-Hour PC-BOSS Air-Monitoring Results from the NETL Fine-Particulate Sampling Site in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: An Annual Perspective

The concentration and composition of PM 2.5 from May to September of 2000 and monthly trends in ambient fine-particulate material concentrations from October 1999 through December 2000 at the National Energy Technology Laboratory's airmonitoring site in Pittsburgh are reported. Twenty four-hour integrated samples were collected using the Particle Concentrator-Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System (PC-BOSS), a multichannel integrated diffusion denuder sampler designed for routine determination of the chemical composition of ambient particulate matter. The fine-particulate pollutants determined were sulfate estimated as ammonium sulfate, nonvolatile organic material, semivolatile organic material lost from particles during sampling, elemental carbon, nitrate estimated as ammonium nitrate, including ammonium nitrate lost from particles during sampling and elemental content determined by PIXE (for a limited number of samples). Episodes with elevated sulfate and organic material (both semivolatile and nonvolatile) concentrations were seen throughout this period. For the purpose of this discussion, an episode was defined as all times when 3 h average TEOM monitor PM 2.5 concentrations exceeded 30 μg/m3. The use of estimated back-trajectories indicated that during the periods for which these elevated concentrations were observed, pollutants were transported predominantly from the Southwest from the Ohio River Valley to the sampling site. For days when fine particulate episodes occurred, back-trajectory computations were derived for time intervals for which PM 2.5 TEOM concentrations exceeded 30 μg/m3. However, for nonepisode days, back trajectories were computed over a 24 h period. Average PC-BOSS–constructed PM 2.5 concentration (including semivolatile components lost from particles during sampling) for the period from October 1999 through December 2000 was 19 μg/m 3 , excluding crustal material concentration.
PRIMENA ALGORITAMA MAŠINSKOG UČENJA U OFTAMOLOŠKOJ ANALIZI SLIKA OKA KOD PREVREMENO ROĐENIH BEBA

This paper provides insight into machine learning algorithms that can be used to detect Retinopathy of prematurity. Convolutional neural networks were used to solve the problem. The analysis of the obtained results was performed using ResNet50, Xception and InceptionV3 models. Based on the performed analyzes, it was concluded that the data set used was not good enogh and needed to be corrected.
Delamination detection on a concrete bridge deck using impact echo scanning

In this large‐scale field study we use a prototype impact‐echo scanner to detect delaminations on a concrete bridge deck surveying in total over 17,000 m2. Delaminated bridge sections are known from manual sounding and coring. A large‐scale damage assessment is necessary to identify the need of repair work. Based on first results, two lanes of the bridge are repaired and in subsequent tests the bonding of fresh and old concrete is examined. It shows that delaminations found on the bridge deck surface are unevenly distributed with more defects on the southbound lanes. This indicates constructional problems during the concrete placement. The developed scanner excites stress waves by dropping steel solenoids on the surface and recording the impact‐echo frequency by air‐coupled microphone arrays. It is pushed at a speed of 600 m/h, hitting the surface 300 times per square meter. The recorded data is preprocessed on site with an automated delamination detection threshold implemented. Found delaminations are transferred to a bridge map to allow an overall damage assessment.
Reliability and Efficiency of Pollutant Removal in Four-Stage Constructed Wetland of SSVF-SSHF-SSHF-SSVF Type

The present paper reports pollutant removal efficiencies and reliability for a four-stage hybrid constructed wetland (HCW) consisting of the following sequence of subsurface (SS), vertical flow (VF) and horizontal flow (HF) beds: SSVF-SSHF-SSHF-SSVF. The experiments were carried out over a period of three years, with sampling done in each season: winter, spring, summer and autumn. Grab samples of wastewater collected from different stages of treatment were tested for total suspended solids (TSS), BOD5, COD, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). The wetland was found to have a very high efficiency of removal of suspended solids and organics, with relatively little seasonal variability. The three-year average TSS removal efficiency was approximately 92.7%. The effectiveness of elimination of organic compounds was very high throughout the study period at 96.6% BOD5 and 95% COD. The effluent from the four-stage system had significantly lower contents of TN and TP compared to the wastewater discharged from the first two beds of this facility.