Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High- and low-temperature pyrolysis profiles describe volatile organic compound emissions from western US wildfire fuels

Abstract. Biomass burning is a large source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and many other trace species to the atmosphere, which can act as precursors to secondary pollutants such as ozone and fine particles. Measurements performed with a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer during the FIREX 2016 laboratory intensive were analyzed with positive matrix factorization (PMF), in order to understand the instantaneous variability in VOC emissions from biomass burning, and to simplify the description of these types of emissions. Despite the complexity and variability of emissions, we found that a solution including just two emission profiles, which are mass spectral representations of the relative abundances of emitted VOCs, explained on average 85 % of the VOC emissions across various fuels representative of the western US (including various coniferous and chaparral fuels). In addition, the profiles were remarkably similar across almost all of the fuel types tested. For example, the correlation coefficient r2 of each profile between ponderosa pine (coniferous tree) and manzanita (chaparral) is higher than 0.84. The compositional differences between the two VOC profiles appear to be related to differences in pyrolysis processes of fuel biopolymers at high and low temperatures. These pyrolysis processes are thought to be the main source of VOC emissions. “High-temperature” and “low-temperature” pyrolysis processes do not correspond exactly to the commonly used “flaming” and “smoldering” categories as described by modified combustion efficiency (MCE). The average atmospheric properties (e.g., OH reactivity, volatility, etc) of the high- and low-temperature profiles are significantly different. We also found that the two VOC profiles can describe previously reported VOC data for laboratory and field burns.
Towards Grounding Compositional Concept Structures in Self-organizing Neural Encodings

While the symbol grounding problem of agreeing on a mapping between symbols and sensory or even sensorimotor grounded concepts has been solved to a large extent, one possibly even deeper open problem remains: How do concepts and compositional concept structures develop in the Vrst place? Concepts may be described as integrative mental representations that encode certain sensory, motor, or sensorimotor states or events. Compositionality, on the other hand, determines how concepts are associated with each other in a semantically meaningful and highly Wexible manner. We argue that progressively complex concepts and compositional structures can be developed starting from very basic perceptual and motor control mechanisms. An experiment with a simple simulated robot gives hints about highly relevant structural ontogenetic prerequisites for their development. In the outlook, we conclude by sketching out the current most pressing challenges ahead.
Springtime Arctic ground-based spectroscopy of O 3 and related trace gases at Eureka, Canada – Part 1: Evaluation of the analysis method and comparison with infrared measurements

Abstract. For the first time in spring 1999 the ground-based UV-visible zenith-sky measurements of stratospheric gases were performed at Environment Canada's Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Observatory (ASTRO) located at Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (80.05° N, 86.42° W, 610 m a.s.l.). The University of Toronto UV-visible ground-based spectrometer (UT-GBS) has been deployed for nine years afterwards at Eureka to measure ozone and NO2 total columns by using sunlight scattered from the zenith sky during spring, when the conditions leading to polar ozone depletion develop. During spring 2000, elevated OClO slant column densities were also measured for the first time. First dedicated analysis of UT-GBS measurements applying two independent differential optical absorption spectroscopy algorithms was performed on spectra recorded during spring 2000. The resulting ozone and NO2 total columns agreed to 4% and 5% or better, respectively. Also, first four years of UT-GBS results (1999–2003) were compared with those made by ozonesondes and by the Meteorogical Service of Canada Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (MSC FTS) at ASTRO, which has been operated by Canada's Department of Environment for measuring the total columns of several stratospheric gases. The comparison of UT-GBS and MSC FTS ozone total columns proved to be better than 5% for the periods when both instruments were viewing similar air masses.
The Book of Management Wisdom: Classic Writings by Legendary Managers

thei r views of the properties and mechanisms of the concept. Andy Clark, professor of philosophy at \l;'ashington University in $1. Louis. offers anexcellent article entitled "Leadership and InII"""". " He uses various biological metaphors to illustrate the P"1"'1l" Ii aggregatiOll proposed by C1ippinget; . l1ich Clark expands III include scaffolding, selforganization, and soft assembly He cites the symbiotic organization fonn in pharmaceutical companies scchas Glaxo,Rode,and Ciba-Geig)· to oo'elop experimental drugs using smaller biotech finns, which can workwith eachother, and academic institutions (p. 57). The idea is that management should aim to create condi tions that will allow the business to self-organize in response to the prevailingbusiness envi ronment and marketingopportunities. "Adaptive Operations" written by William G. Macready and Christopher Meyer reviews the concept of self-organization. The chapter summarizes the evolution of industrial-erapractices in managing operation. then describes some ofthe new methods that are beingexplored to cope with the rapidlychanging infonnation economy (p. 182). The historic development of management theory is described as three waves characterized by scientific management, operational management, and adaptive operations. Several examples Ii :ldaptive operalions are gi\'ell in.hich a solution to a pTtilIem is S"""1fd by successive mutations of possible solutions, which is not necessari ly optimum, butdoes work. Just as the elements of nature continuously arrange themselves to adapt to their environment operational plans can be made to evolve with the use of computer-driven iteration into solutions that fi t the operating environment at the moment Since the ecoluucn can go both bad.wan! and forward, it is oot the sane 3S the forward movement espoused by the continoous improeerrent element of toIaI qealitymanagerent, The remainingcontributions are equally as informative and thoughtprovoking as the three reviewed here. Each chapter is well written with the theoretical and applied concepts supported by complete references.
Relative multiplicative extended Kalman filter for observable GPS-denied navigation

This work presents a multiplicative extended Kalman filter (MEKF) for estimating the relative state of a multirotor vehicle operating in a GPS-denied environment. The filter fuses data from an inertial measurement unit and altimeter with relative-pose updates from a keyframe-based visual odometry or laser scan-matching algorithm. Because the global position and heading states of the vehicle are unobservable in the absence of global measurements such as GPS, the filter in this article estimates the state with respect to a local frame that is colocated with the odometry keyframe. As a result, the odometry update provides nearly direct measurements of the relative vehicle pose, making those states observable. Recent publications have rigorously documented the theoretical advantages of such an observable parameterization, including improved consistency, accuracy, and system robustness, and have demonstrated the effectiveness of such an approach during prolonged multirotor flight tests. This article complements this prior work by providing a complete, self-contained, tutorial derivation of the relative MEKF, which has been thoroughly motivated but only briefly described to date. This article presents several improvements and extensions to the filter while clearly defining all quaternion conventions and properties used, including several new useful properties relating to error quaternions and their Euler-angle decomposition. Finally, this article derives the filter both for traditional dynamics defined with respect to an inertial frame, and for robocentric dynamics defined with respect to the vehicle’s body frame, and provides insights into the subtle differences that arise between the two formulations.
Organizational Honestly Guidance by Ability

The role of organizational is to implement organizational tactic. Effective organizational honestly guidance is one of the important factors in organizations success. There are ability superintendents who argue that formal written planning may be inappropriate for the organizations but this seems a minority view. The tactics importance of organizational customers is discussed as an asset. Also this paper describes the approach to organizational honestly guidance at organizations. This paper proposes a relation of organizational honestly guidance by ability superintendents and reviews the organizational tactics and performance measurement literature to develop a conceptual model and research propositions. It is concluded that ability manager's characteristics can be important in explaining and compilation the organizational honestly guidance within the organizations for implementation. This paper is to explore the ways in which certain characteristics of ability superintendents of organizations generate a tendency to prepare formal written organizational tactics. The ability manager's characteristics showing a significant association with a commitment to organizational honestly guidance and also organizational honestly guidance showed a positive association with those ability superintendents with a growth orientation. In fact, organizations influence whether or not those organizations engage in organizational tactics. In this field, the focus is on the special characteristics of ability superintendents such as education type and level.
Effect of Cinnamomum Zeylenicum Nees Bark Oil on Drug Induced Diabetic Gastroparesis inRats

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of Cinnamomum zeylenicum bark oil on drug induced diabetic gastroparesis in rats. A diabetic rat model was established by single intraperitoneal injection with alloxan monohydrate. Rats were divided into five main groups: Normal rats, diabetic rats (Untreated), diabetic rats treated with domperidone (10mg/kg, p.o.), diabetic rats treated with cinnamomum oil (400mg/kg, p.o.) and diabetic rats treated with cinnamomum oil (200mg/kg, p.o.). Gastric emptying rate (GER), intestinal transit rate (ITR), and total gastrointestinal transit were studied in rat after administration of drug. Percentages of GER, ITR, and total gastrointestinal transit time were calculated. Percentages of GER, ITR, and total gastrointestinal transit were decreased in diabetic rats as compared to control rats (P < 0.05). In the diabetic rats, bark oil of Cinnamomum zeylenicum significantly improved %GER, %ITR and total gastrointestinal transit in a dose dependent manner. Bark oil of Cinnamomum zeylenicum may become a new choice for patients with diabetic gastroparesis since the benefits are comparable to domperidone.
Seismicity at the Rwenzori Mountains, East African Rift: earthquake distribution, magnitudes and source mechanisms

We have analysed the microseismic activity within the Rwenzori Mountains area in the western branch of the East African Rift. Seismogram recordings from a temporary array of up to 27 stations reveal approximately 800 events per month with local magnitudes ranging from –0.5 to 5.1. The earthquake distribution is highly heterogeneous. The majority of located events lie within faults zones to the East and West of the Rwenzoris with the highest seismic activity observed in the northeastern area, where the mountains are in contact with the rift shoulders. The hypocentral depth distribution exhibits a pronounced peak of seismic energy release at 15 km depth. The maximum extent of seismicity ranges from 20 to 32 km and correlates well with Moho depths that were derived from teleseismic receiver functions. We observe two general features: (i) beneath the rift shoulders seismicity extends from the surface down to ca. 30 km depth; (ii) beneath the rift valley seismicity is confined to depths greater than 10 km. From the observations there is no indication for a crustal root beneath the Rwenzori Mountains. The magnitude frequency distribution reveals a b-value of 1.1, which is consistent with the hypothesis that part of the seismicity is caused by magmatic processes within the crust. Fault plane solutions of 304 events were derived from P-polarities and SV/P amplitude ratios. More than 70 % of the source mechanisms exhibit pure or predominantly normal faulting. T-axis trends are highly uniform and oriented WNW-ESE, which is perpendicular to the rift axis and in good agreement with kinematic rift models. At the northernmost part of the region we observe a rotation of the T-axis trends to NEN-SWS, which may be indicative of a local perturbation of the regional stress field.
Noiselet Measurement Matrix Usage in CS Framework

Theory of compressive sensing (CS) is an alternative to Shannon/Nyquist sampling theorem which explained the number of samples requirement in order to have the perfect reconstruction. Perfect reconstruction of undersampled data in CS framework is highly dependent to incoherence of measurement and sparsifying basis matrices which the posterior is usually fulfilled by selecting a random matrix. While Noiselets, as a measurement matrix, have very low coherence with wavelets which are the interest of CS, they have never been studied well and compared with other well known Gaussian and Bernoulli measurement matrices, which have been widely used in CS framework, from randomness view point. Therefore, the main contribution of this paper is introducing Noiselets and comparing them with other measurement matrices in two point of view; randomness and quality of recovered images. In case of randomness, the entropy is used as a criterion for computing the randomness. In case of recovered images, the OMP and PDIP algorithms are applied under sampling rates 30, 40, 60%.
Diversity in the Classroom: Gender Related Examples.

To explore the possibility that the gender make-up of a class may predict the gender specificity of the language used by instructors, a study examined Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTA) and the number of gender examples they used. Subjects were eight graduate teaching assistants instructing a basic speech communication course and seven GTAs teaching a basic history course. In the basic communication courses there were approximately 260 students while there were 230 students enrolled in the history course. The number of gender-specific examples used by GTAs was recorded for each class and this number was compared with the gender make-up of each specific class. Three 2-way analysis of variance were conducted to examine the difference in examples used by male or female GTAs in classes which were predominately male or female. Results indicated that GTAs adapt their examples to the classroom gender majority. (Four tables of data are included.) Contains 18 references. (NH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Analyze the Positive Comments in the Stack Exchange

Today stack exchange is the most developing company from all over the world. Since 2012 the stack Exchange Company tried to assess the positiveness on the comments done by the various users. Overall 7500 comments made by users over 4 year’s time. With our advanced system we find the positive comments from all over the world and find the exact positive comments based on the positive word string search. With our positive word bank we can find the positive comments from the 7500 comments. In this paper, the performance measure is done in dataset published in stack exchange and finding the comments and how frequently repeated user comments. This is the tool to find the positive and negative comments.
Labour market institutions in India: Their impact on growth and employment

The lack of flexibility in the labour market in emerging economies is often cited as the reason for poor performance of the labour market in terms of employment generation and productivity growth. The success of labour institutions in these markets and in India has been measured by the effect they have had on generating jobs rather than whether they have enabled the use of more flexible forms of work organization that are supportive of lean production systems. Job security regulations are often seen as a source of rigidity and resulting in rents for organized labour. This paper argues that these regulations often emerged as a response to the threat of unemployment and income insecurity and were intended as a form of social insurance rather than being the result of rent seeking. It demonstrates that markets if left to themselves will not be able to device contracts that provide an efficient level of employment security. In a temporal world if workers tradeoff working with shirking, employers can similarly trade-off honouring a contract with termination of the service of employees. In labour markets both firms and workers are susceptible to opportunism and verifying breach of contract is difficult. A meaningful way to get workers to invest in a job and employers to honour contracts is to legislate employment protection. The difficult task, of course, in reality is to ensure that employment protection does not become protectionist.
Estimation of invasive probability of multiflora rose in the upper Midwest

Multiflora rose (Rosa Multiflora Thunb.) (MFR) is widely spreading across the United States, with up to 38 states in the contiguous United States reporting the presence of this species. In this study, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data from the Upper Midwest states for the period of 2005-2006 were used to calculate MFR presence probability at the county level. The classification and regression tree technique is used to classify the counties into invasive stages based on the estimated presence probability and a map of invasive stages is obtained, which is helpful for forest managers to optimally allocate resources. A simultaneous autoregressive model (SAR) was used to identify the driving factors of the spread of MFR. The contiguous invasive stages indicated a strong invasive pattern in all directions, particularly southward and eastward. MFR presence shows a positive spatial autocorrelation and is negatively associated with latitude and county forest cover percentage. Our results suggest that the distribution of MFR is likely limited by its intolerance to extreme cold temperatures and anthropogenic disturbance (forest fragmentation and deforestation) plays an important role in the spread of MFR.
Plant growth promoting microbial consortia mediated classical biocontrol of sunflower necrosis virus disease

Biological control is gaining momentum in the management of sunflower necrosis virus disease (SNVD) as no other effective method is available. In glasshouse experiment-I, six different plant growth promoting microbes (PGPM): Streptomyces sp. PM5, Trichothecium roseum MML005, Bacillus licheniformis MML2501, Streptomyces fradiae MML1042, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MML2212 and Bacillus sp. MML2551 and 2% Morinda pubescens fruit extract applied individually (seed + foliar applications) along with sunflower necrosis virus (SNV) were evaluated in sunflower. Among the treatments, B. licheniformis (Bl), Bacillus sp. (Bsp), P. aeruginosa (Pa), S. fradiae (Sf) effectively increased the plant growth and significantly increased the reduction of virus titre, it ranging from 32.5% to 52.5%. In experiment-II, the above four effective PGPM (Bl, Bsp, Pa and Sf) were developed as consortia in all possible combination in this study and were applied along with SNV against SNVD. All the consortial treatments significantly reduced SNVD in virus titre with disease reduction and concomitant increase in growth promotion when compared to control. In experiment-III, the best PGPM consortia (PGPMC) were applied as seed + soil inoculations along with SNV to study the induction of systemic resistance enzymes. The four culture consortium significantly reduced the SNVD symptoms and virus titer with a concomitant increase in plant growth promotion and ISR enzymes compared to control. In experiment-IV, based on biocontrol efficacy and ISR against SNVD from the experiments I to III, the two more dominant PGPMC treatments were selected and evaluated against SNVD under field conditions. From these results, Bl + Bsp + Pa + Sf effectively reduced the SNVD and improved the plant growth and yield parameters with additional seed yield with income and benefit cost ratio when compared to farmer’s practice. In conclusion, PGPM (Bl, Bsp, Pa and Sf) was found to be very effective against SNVD under glasshouse and field conditions.
Predisposing genes in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer

In the present study, mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, the two major genes predisposing individuals to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, were screened in Finnish and Turkish cancer families. Germline BRCA1 mutations were found in 7% (6/88) and BRCA2 mutations in 6% (5/88) of the Finnish families studied in Oulu. Two distinct BRCA1 (3745delT, 4216nt-2A→G) and three BRCA2 (999delTCAAA, 6503delTT, 9346nt-2A→G) mutations were identified, all of which are recurrently found in Finland. In the 15 Turkish cancer families studied, 5382insC and 5622C→T were detected in BRCA1, and 3414delTCAG in BRCA2. The novel 3414del4 mutation was found in a family with a case of male breast cancer. In order to determine their ages and origin, 9 recurrent Finnish BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were studied further as regards haplotype conservation. Common origins approximately 18–80 generations (400–1600 years) ago were demonstrated for all studied mutations by partial haplotype sharing. The majority of the mutations showed geographical clustering, supporting the theory of regional founder effects. Four of the nine mutations are unique for Finland, whereas five have also been seen elsewhere. Mutations in the 5 end of BRCA1 tend to predispose individuals to ovarian cancer and those found in the 3 end to breast cancer. The age of ovarian cancer onset was significantly lower for BRCA1 (51 years) than for BRCA2 mutation carriers (61 years). Germline TP53 mutations were sought in the Finnish breast cancer families found to be negative after BRCA1 and BRCA2 screening but who exhibited some phenotypic features of the Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The Asn235Ser was found in a family displaying Li-Fraumeni syndrome phenotype and the Tyr220Cys in a family with a milder Li-Fraumeni-like phenotype. The nature of both mutations as cancer-predisposing alterations was supported by means of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and p53 immunohistochemistry studies. Regional clustering of BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations enables targeted genetic tests including especially those mutations characteristic of the birthplace of each patient. Additional genes are likely to explain a large proportion of the inherited susceptibility to breast cancer in particular. Germline TP53 mutations are expected to be found in the breast cancer families with other clinical features seen in the Li-Fraumeni syndrome.