Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical investigations of nozzle geometrical and dynamic factors on formation and development characteristics of string cavitation with large-scale diesel tapered-hole nozzles

Cavitation is known to be an essential physical phenomenon to induce the fuel primary breakup process, which further influences subsequent secondary atomization and combustion in diesel engines. Different from normal geometry-induced cavitation, the special vortex-induced cavitation, which may influence strongly spray characteristics, is seldom investigated comparatively. In this paper, formations and developments of string cavitation are captured in scaled-up transparent replicas of diesel tapered-hole nozzles by high-speed imaging technology. The ensemble average images were post-processed by MATLAB code for characterizing the string cavitation at fixed needle lifts. The results indicate that string cavitation tends to occur initially in the middle of the nozzle holes. Besides, shedding bubbles from geometry-induced cavitation may stimulate the string cavitation inception as an inducing factor. The morphology and duration of both two types of string cavitation are largely influenced by needle lifts and cavitation number. Moreover, it is concluded that string cavitation hardly occurs in nozzles with low hole entrance location, and the hole entrance rounding structure changes the distribution characteristics of string cavitation. Finally, it is ascertained that the variation of magnification ratio changes little or nothing about development and distribution characteristics of string cavitation.
Growth regime map for liquid-bound granules

A regime map of granule growth behavior is proposed based on granule deformation during collision and the granule liquid content measured as the maximum pore saturation. The granule deformability on collision is represented by a deformation number, which is a ratio of granule impact energy to the plastic energy absorbed per unit strain. Granule growth regimes such as steady growth, induction, nudeation, crumb, and slurry are defined. Ttus regime map qualitatively explains the variations in granulation behavior. Laboratory drum granulation experiments were used to test the regime map. Experiments were performed in a 0.3-m-dia. drum using three sizes of glass ballotini (19, 31, and 60 μm) with water andglycerol as liquid binders. Increasing granule yield stress by decreasing particle size and increasing binder viscosity caused the system to move from steady growth to induction behavior as predicted by the regime map. Preliminary validation with literature data was also encouraging. More work, however, is required to better quantify the boundaries bet\veen different growth regimes and to investigate the effect of process agitation intensity. Tfiis regime map has great potential to help design and control granulation systems, because it is based on properties of the powder/binder system that can be measured or estimated without performing any granulation tests.
Prevalence and identification of crystalluria in critically ill patients: association between uric acid crystals and sepsis

Prevalence and identification of crystalluria in critically ill patients: association between uric acid crystals and sepsis Nahid Tabibzadeh , Maxime Zalc, Thibault Michel, Emmanuel Letavernier, Alexandre Mebazaa, Antoine Borouchaki, Vincent Frochot, Michel Daudon, Jean-Philippe Haymann and Benjamin G. Chousterman Renal Physiology Department, Hôpital Bichat, APHP.Nord, Paris, France, INSERM U1149, Université de Paris, Paris, France, Department of Anesthesiea and Critical Care, Hôpital Lariboisière, FHU PROMICE, DMU Parabol, APHP.Nord, Paris, France, Inserm U942 MASCOT, Université de Paris, Paris, France, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Hôpital Tenon, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France and INSERM UMRS 1155, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Segmentation and Measurements of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Ultrasound Images Using the Improved Convolutional Neural Network and Support Vector Machine

In recent years, diseases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular have attracted much attention due to main causes in death in human beings. To reduce mortality, there are lots of efforts which are focused on early diagnosis and prevention. It is an important reference index for cardiovascular diseases through the endovascular membrane in carotid artery by medical ultrasound images. The paper proposes a method which finds the region of interest (ROI) by convolutional neural network, segments and measures intima-media membrane mainly using support vector machine (SVM). Essentially, the task of detecting the membrane is one target detection problem. This paper adopts the strategy, named Yon Only Look Once (YOLO), a new detection algorithm, and follows the convolution neural network algorithm based on end-to-end training. Firstly, sufficient samples are extracted according to certain characteristics in the special region. It can be trained by the SVM classification model. Then the ROI is processed and all the pixels are classified into boundary points and non-boundary points through the classification model. Thirdly, the boundary points are selected to obtain the accurate boundary and calculate the intima-media thickness (IMT). In experiments, two hundred ultrasound images are tested, and the results verify that our algorithm is consistent with the results by ground truth (GT). The detection speed of the algorithm in this paper is in real time, and it has high generalization characteristics. The algorithm computes the intima-media thickness in ultrasound images accurately and quickly with 95% consistence to ground truth.
Future of Work and Its Implication on Employee Well-Being in the 4IR Era

Capitalist corporations seek ever-new opportunities for trade and gain. As competition intensifies within markets, profit-seeking corporations innovate and diversify their products in an unceasing pursuit of new market niches. The incessant changes and unpredictable nature of capitalism often leads to insecurity regarding job loss. Job insecurity has been empirically proven to have negative effects on individuals and organisations. It associates to reduced job satisfaction and decreased mental health. A longitudinal Swedish study showed an indirect effect of trust on job satisfaction and mental health of employees. The advent of AIs, humanoids, robotics, and digitization present reason for employees to worry about the future of their work. A recent study conducted by the McKinsey Global Institute reports that by 2030, a least 14% of employees globally could need changing their careers as a result of the rapid rate of digitization, robotics, and advancement in artificial intelligence disruptions in the world of work.
Biosynthesis of (MWCNTs)-COOH/CdO hybrid as an effective catalyst in the synthesis of pyrimidine-thione derivatives by water lily flower extract

Abstract Pink Water lily flower, with the scientific name of Nymphaea alba in the family of Nymphaeaceae, was collected from North of Iran, Mazandaran in spring, dried in shade and powdered. The powdered flower material was extracted in 70% (vol/vol) ethanol. Acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes/CdO (MWCNTs-COOH/CdO) was fabricated by using the Water lily flower extract. The presence of CdO nanoparticles and their surface conjugation to MWCNT have been confirmed by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was used as a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of some pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. These compounds were synthesized by the reaction of some substituted pyrazole or pyridine, thiourea and I2 in the presence of MWCNTs-COOH/CdO hybrid (5% mol) in warm water. The assigned structure was further established by CHN analyses, NMR and FT-IR spectra.
Microwave-Assisted vs. Conventional Hydrothermal Synthesis of MoS2 Nanosheets: Application towards Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) has emerged as a promising catalyst for hydrogen evolution applications. The synthesis method mainly employed is a conventional hydrothermal method. This method requires a longer time compared to other methods such as microwave synthesis methods. There is a lack of comparison of the two synthesis methods in terms of crystal morphology and its electrochemical activities. In this work, MoS2 nanosheets are synthesized using both hydrothermal (HT-MoS2) and advanced microwave methods (MW-MoS2), their crystal morphology, and catalytical efficiency towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) were compared. MoS2 nanosheet is obtained using microwave-assisted synthesis in a very short time (30 min) compared to the 24 h hydrothermal synthesis method. Both methods produce thin and aggregated nanosheets. However, the nanosheets synthesized by the microwave method have a less crumpled structure and smoother edges compared to the hydrothermal method. The as-prepared nanosheets are tested and used as a catalyst for hydrogen evolution results in nearly similar electrocatalytic performance. Experimental results showed that: HT-MoS2 displays a current density of 10 mA/cm2 at overpotential (−280 mV) compared to MW-MoS2 which requires −320 mV to produce a similar current density, suggesting that the HT-MoS2 more active towards hydrogen evolutions reaction.
Investigation of Side Wall Roughness Effect on Optical Losses in a Multimode Si3N4 Waveguide Formed on a Quartz Substrate

This article presents the results of the study of the influence of the most significant parameters of the side wall roughness of an ultra-thin silicon nitride lightguide layer of multimode integrated optical waveguides with widths of 3 and 8 microns. The choice of the waveguide width was made due to the need to provide multimode operation for telecommunication wavelengths, which is necessary to ensure high integration density. Scattering in waveguide structures was measured by optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) of a backscattering reflectometer. The finite difference time domain method (FDTD) was used to study the effect of roughness parameters on optical losses in fabricated waveguides, the roughness parameters that most strongly affect optical scattering were determined, and methods of its significant reduction were specified. The prospects for implementing such structures on a quartz substrate are justified.
The effects of the flipped classroom on deep learning strategies and engagement at the undergraduate level

The flipped classroom is a popular teaching method where course content is transferred to students through online resources to implement more active learning strategies in-class time. The study aims to investigate the effects of the flipped classroom on deep learning strategies and engagement at the undergraduate level, alongside students’ perspectives toward the flipped classroom. The research involved 97 freshmen students in Turkey. During a 7-week application process, the experimental group students learned the course content with the flipped classroom method, whereas the control group students learned the course content through the traditional method. The findings of the study revealed that the flipped classroom was more effective than the traditional method in terms of using deep learning strategies and increasing the levels of cognitive and emotional engagement. However, there was no difference in behavioral engagement levels between the experimental and control groups. The findings also showed that viewing pre-recorded videos before coming to class enabled students to comprehend course content better and easier. Flipped learning enabled students to develop their research and application skills. Technical facilities were the biggest difficulty for students in flipped learning. The implications for flipped learning are also discussed, including several techniques for controlling students’ viewing lecture videos and providing alternative course materials to students.
Flexible correction of 3D non-linear drift in SPM measurements by data fusion

In this article a new offline method for correcting non-linear drift in all three dimensions (3D) is presented. Using this method, a sample region is measured in multiple sub-measurements, each with increased sampling distance and thus reduced measurement time. The datasets of the sub-measurements are aligned using a point-to-plane iterative closest point algorithm to reconstruct and correct the 3D drift. Afterwards, the corrected datasets are fused into a single dataset. Compared to conventional drift-correction methods, the new method has the advantages of drift correction in full 3D with higher temporal resolution, less extra measurement time and data redundancy, as well as high application flexibility (e.g. compatibility to non-raster sampling). However, the resulting dataset might have slightly decreased resolution. If a high-resolution low-drift dataset is required, the method can be applied in an extended way, where an additional high-resolution measurement is taken whose drift can be corrected by the aforementioned dataset generated by data fusion. Two experimental measurements and a simulation study have been carried out in a new low-noise 3D atomic force microscope, showing great application potential of the proposed method.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects of the CT and T-Shaped Adduct Formation Between 1,3-Dimethylimidazoline-2-thione (or -2-selone) and Halogens

The reactions between L=E donors [L: 1,3-dimethylimidazolyl framework; E: S (1), Se (2)] and halogens X 2 (X: Cl, Br, I) to form either "T-shaped" hypervalent chalcogen (TY) or linear charge-transfer-type adducts (CT) have been studied in the density functional theory (DFT) context by considering both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. Apart from the case of the adducts between sulfur donors and diiodine, hypervalent compounds are calculated to be always more stable than CT ones in the gas phase, in agreement with the experimental results based on spectroscopic and structural determinations. NBO and FMO analyses suggest explanations for this. Reaction mechanism studies reveal that CT adducts are always the first products of the reactions and no transition states connecting the reactants directly to TY adducts have been found. The present calculations indicate that, at least for 1 and 2, TY adducts are obtained from CT adducts and not directly from the reactants.
The capacitated maximal covering location problem with heterogeneous facilities and vehicles and different setup costs: An effective heuristic approach

Article history: Received June 16 2020 Received in Revised Format August 12 2020 Accepted September 5 2020 Available online September, 5 2020 In this research, a maximal covering location problem (MCLP) with real-world constraints such as multiple types of facilities and vehicles with different setup costs is taken into account. An original mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is constructed in order to find the optimal solution. Since the problem at hand is shown to be NP-hard, a constructive heuristic method and a meta-heuristic approach based on genetic algorithm (GA) are developed to solve the problem. To find the most effective solution technique, a set of problems of different sizes is randomly generated and solved by the proposed solution methods. Computational results demonstrate that the heuristic method is capable of producing optimal or near-optimal solutions in a rational execution time. © 2021 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Acceleration of Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Olefins over Pd/C by Cinchonidine as a Chiral Modifier. Comparison with Cinchonine, Pseudoenantiomer

The performance of cinchonidine (CD) and cinchonine (CN) as chiral modifiers in enantioselective hydrogenation over Pd/C were compared in different concentrations. The catalytic hydrogenation with CD always occurred in better ee and at faster rate than that with CN. The difference is not attributable to the adsorption properties of the modifiers, but to the intrinsic enantio differentiation that accompanies the reaction acceleration.
Circulating Th22 cells, as well as Th17 cells, are elevated in patients with renal cell carcinoma

T-helper (Th) 22 cells serve an essential role in different types of tumors and autoimmune diseases. No research has been conducted to study the role of Th22 cells in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of circulating Th22, Th17, and Th1 cells in RCC patients. Thirty-two newly diagnosed RCC patients and thirty healthy controls were enlisted in the research. Their peripheral blood was collected, and the frequencies of circulating Th22, Th17, and Th1 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Plasma IL-22 concentrations were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to identify the mRNA expression levels of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and RAR-associated orphan receptor C (RORC) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Compared with the healthy control group, the frequency of circulating Th22 and Th17 cells and concentrations of plasma IL-22 were significantly increased in RCC patients. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of Th1 cells. A positive correlation between Th22 cells and plasma IL-22 levels was found in RCC patients. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between Th22 and Th17 cells in RCC patients. An up-regulated expression of AHR and RORC transcription factors were also observed in RCC patients. As tumor stage and grade progressed, the frequencies of Th22 and Th17 cells and the level of plasma IL-22 significantly increased. Meanwhile, there was a positive correlation between Th22 and Th17 cells and RCC tumor stage or grade. Furthermore, patients with high Th22 or Th17 cells frequency displayed a decreased trend in survival rate. Our research indicated that the increased circulating Th22 and Th17 cells and plasma IL-22 may be involved in the pathogenesis of RCC and may be involved in the occurrence and development of tumors. Th22 cells, plasma IL-22, and Th17 cells may be promising new clinical biomarkers and may be used as cellular targets for RCC therapeutic intervention.
Real-time Flame Detection Using Colour and Dynamic Features of Flame Based on FFmpeg

In this paper, we propose a system which can detect the flame in real time from the high-quality IP camera. First, open directly the RTSP streams transmitted from the IP camera using the library FFmpeg as opening a video file. The second thing is to extract the background images from video signal using Gaussian mixture model. Then the foreground images are obtained through subtracting operation between the input image and the background image. Separated foreground image through a mathematical morphology operation are considered as candidate area. By analysing colour information and dynamic characteristics of the candidate area, flame is determined finally. Through the experiments with input videos from IP camera, the proposed algorithms were useful to detect flames
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals Using Ionic Liquids

This project provides critical innovations and fundamental understandings that enable development of an economically-viable process for catalytic conversion of biomass (sugar) to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). A low-cost ionic liquid (Cyphos 106) is discovered for fast conversion of fructose into HMF under moderate reaction conditions without any catalyst. HMF yield from fructose is almost 100% on the carbon molar basis. Adsorbent materials and adsorption process are invented and demonstrated for separation of 99% pure HMF product and recovery of the ionic liquid from the reaction mixtures. The adsorbent material appears very stable in repeated adsorption/regeneration cycles. Novel membrane-coated adsorbent particles are made and demonstrated to achieve excellent adsorption separation performances at low pressure drops. This is very important for a practical adsorption process because ionic liquids are known of high viscosity. Nearly 100% conversion (or dissolution) of cellulose in the catalytic ionic liquid into small molecules was observed. It is promising to produce HMF, sugars and other fermentable species directly from cellulose feedstock. However, several gaps were identified and could not be resolved in this project. Reaction and separation tests at larger scales are needed to minimize impacts of incidental errors on the mass balance and to show 99.9% ionic liquid recovery. The cellulose reaction tests were troubled with poor reproducibility. Further studies on cellulose conversion in ionic liquids under better controlled conditions are necessary to delineate reaction products, dissolution kinetics, effects of mass and heat transfer in the reactor on conversion, and separation of final reaction mixtures.
Korelasi Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan International Prostate Symptom Score

Latar Belakang. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia adalah istilah histopatologis yang berarti terjadinya hiperplasia sel stroma dan sel epitel pada prostat. BPH umumnya terjadi pada pria usia diatas 40 tahun dan kejadiannya meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia. Semakin parah BPH akan menyebabkan semakin terganggunya aktivitas sehari-hari. Salah satu faktor yang diduga meningkatkan derajat keparahan BPH yaitu obesitas. Objektif. Mengetahui korelasi IMT sebagai indikator status gizi dengan IPSS sebagai indikator derajat keparahan BPH. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan di RSU Bunda BMC Padang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dari bulan Februari- April 2020 dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 21 sampel dengan kriteria pasien penderita BPH yang baru terdiagnosis dan tidak pernah mendapatkan pengobatan BPH sebelumnya serta tidak memiliki riwayat neurogenic bladder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan perhitungan IMT dan wawancara pasien sesuai kuesioner IPSS. Setelah data diperoleh dilakukan uji statistik Pearson r- correlation. Hasil. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan nilai p=0,092 yang berarti tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan dan nilai r=- 0,302 yang menunjukkan korelasi yang lemah antara IMT dan IPSS pada pasien BPH. Kesimpulan. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi maupun hubungan antara IMT dengan IPSS pada pasien BPH.
Assessing the Legitimacy of Technological Innovation in the Public Sphere: Recovering Raw Materials from Waste Water

This paper researches legitimacy creation in a publicly-funded trajectory of innovative technological development. It develops a framework of input, throughput and output legitimacy. The framework is developed based on a review of the literature on the creation of legitimacy in innovative technological development. The framework assists in further exploring the potential of the integrated assessment of the legitimacy of technological innovation trajectories in the public sphere, in terms of (1) public accountability (ensuring input legitimacy); (2) science, technology and innovation policy (ensuring throughput legitimacy); and (3) the potential for the implementation of the technology itself in practical contexts (ensuring output legitimacy). The framework is used to analyze a case study about the publicly-funded development of innovative technology for the retrieval of raw materials from waste water. Theoretically, the value of a more processual approach to the conceptualization of legitimacy becomes apparent. Furthermore, the framework assists in the development of practical recommendations on the ways in which to optimize the legitimacy in an earlier stage in the innovation’s trajectory. However, due attention should also be paid to the role of regulatory arrangements in the optimization of the legitimacy of publicly-funded technological innovation. This is an avenue for further research.