Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of Access Control System Considering Usability and Security --Application of Vital Sign Sensing Technology--

We propose the access control system from which the usability and security are considered. We design this system by using the feature of "method of the personal authentication of using belongings" (operativeness and economy). Moreover, we solve the problem of this method (everyone, the person who obtains belongings should be able to go in and out) by combining "method of the personal authentication of using biometrics" and "vital sensing technology". We also describe advantage of the proposal system, the reason to build "vital sensing technology" into the proposal system, and describe the readability of the proposal system
The Internalization of Yeast Ste6p Follows an Ordered Series of Events Involving Phosphorylation, Ubiquitination, Recognition and Endocytosis

A general pathway for the internalization of plasma membrane proteins that involves phosphorylation, ubiquitination, recognition and endocytosis has recently emerged from multiple studies in yeast. We refer to this series of events as the PURE pathway. Here we investigate whether the yeast a‐factor transporter Ste6p, an ATP‐binding cassette protein, utilizes the PURE pathway. Deletion of a 52‐amino acid sequence (the ‘A box’) within the linker region of Ste6p has previously been shown to block ubiquitination and endocytosis (Kolling R, Losko S. EMBO J 1997; 16:2251‐2261). Using wild‐type and mutant forms of GFP‐tagged Ste6p, we identified two residues (T613 and S623) within the A box as likely sites of Ste6p phosphorylation important for internalization. Mutation of these residues to alanine blocked ubiquitination and endocytosis of Ste6p, similar to the effect of deleting the entire A box, while substitution with glutamic acid (to mimic phosphorylation) suppressed the ubiquitination and endocytic defects. Importantly, a translational fusion of monoubiquitin to the C‐terminus of Ste6p‐T613A, S623A or Ste6p‐ΔA restored endocytosis, providing strong evidence that the role of phosphorylation is to direct ubiquitination, which in turn is a critical signal for Ste6p internalization. We also identified multiple (five) lysine residues in the linker that are important for Ste6p ubiquitination. Our results demonstrate that Ste6p follows the PURE pathway and that GFP‐tagged Ste6p provides a powerful model protein for studies of endocytosis and post‐endocytic events in yeast.
Undifferentiated small‐cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Report of two cases with a primary urinary cytodiagnosis

Two undifferentiated small‐cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder are reported. The patients, 68‐ and 55‐yr‐old men, respectively, presented with painless hematuria. In the first case, numerous small, lymphocyte‐like cells with coarse chromatin, sometimes with small nucleoli, and high nuclear/cytoplasmatic ratios were found in cytologic urine specimens. A cytodiagnosis of undifferentiated small‐cell cancer was made. In the second case, urine samples showed rare aggregates of small, undifferentiated cells in association with malignant urothelial cells. The cytodiagnosis of mixed tumor composed of undifferentiated small cell and transitional carcinoma was confirmed by histologic examination. The presence of focal reactivity with anti‐chromogranin antibody and neurosecretory granules via electron microscopy supports a neuroendocrine differentiation for the small neoplastic cells. The patients died 13 and 8 mo after diagnosis, respectively. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The future is cold: cryo‐preparation methods for transmission electron microscopy of cells

Our knowledge of the organization of the cell is linked, to a great extent, to light and electron microscopy. Choosing either photons or electrons for imaging has many consequences on the image obtained, as well as on the experiment required in order to generate the image. One apparent effect on the experimental side is in the sample preparation, which can be quite elaborate for electron microscopy. In recent years, rapid freezing, cryo‐preparation and cryo‐electron microscopy have been more widely used because they introduce fewer artefacts during preparation when compared with chemical fixation and room temperature processing. In addition, cryo‐electron microscopy allows the visualization of the hydrated specimens. In the present review, we give an introduction to the rapid freezing of biological samples and describe the preparation steps. We focus on bulk samples that are too big to be directly viewed under the electron microscope. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and limitations of freeze substitution and cryo‐electron microscopy of vitreous sections and compare their application to the study of bacteria and mammalian cells and to tomography.
Listens Learned (8 Lessons Learned Applying EARS)

The Easy Approach to Requirements Syntax (EARS) is an approach for authoring natural language requirements using a simple template with an underlying ruleset. EARS applies a series of keywords to denote separate clauses within a requirement. Application of the template produces natural language requirements in a small number of patterns. EARS has proved popular with practitioners for numerous reasons. It is lightweight, easy to learn and easy to use. It helps authors to write clear, simple requirements that are easy to read and easy to check for errors. In this paper, four experienced EARS practitioners reflect on their experiences of applying the approach in numerous projects in diverse domains over a six year period. The paper provides an overview of the types of project in which EARS was implemented and describes the deployment methods used. During the course of these projects, numerous lessons were learned. The EARS practitioners discussed the lessons to reduce bias and to ensure the generalizability of the results. These include eleven general lessons concerning requirements engineering, elicitation and natural language specification. The main contribution of the paper is the eight key EARS-specific lessons learned during these deployments. These lessons learned are generalized and will scale to any EARS deployment. The lessons learned will be beneficial to practitioners who wish to deploy EARS in their own projects.
Clock gene expression in human and mouse hepatic models shows similar periodicity but different dynamics of variation

ABSTRACT The biological hard-wiring of 24-hour rhythmicity relies on the circadian clock circuitry, made of peripheral oscillators operated by molecular clockworks and synchronized through humoral and neural outputs by central oscillators located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei. Metabolically active tissues, such as the liver, are entrained also by local cues represented by metabolic flux related to feeding. The mechanics of the molecular clockwork have been explored by studies using cell lines and wild type or genetically engineered mouse models. There is a compelling need to reduce the use of animals in experimental settings. The aim of our study was to evaluate the periodicity and dynamics of functioning of the hepatic clock gene machinery in human and mouse hepatic models. We compared the results obtained in human hepatoma cells (HepG2 cells) and in mouse liver, and a significant 24-hour rhythmic component was found for five clock genes in the HepG2 cells (Bmal1, Cry1, Per1, Per2, NR1D1) and for six clock genes in the mouse liver (Bmal1, Clock, Cry1, Per1, Per2, NR1D1). The amplitude of oscillation rendered by the cosine curve and the dynamics of expression rendered by the rate of change (the derivative of gene expression level with respect to time) were greater in the mouse liver than in the HepG2 cells for Bmal1, Per1, Per2 and NR1D1, and the cosine curve phase was different for many of them. In conclusion, the periodicity of expression of the clock genes showed similar patterns when the two experimental models were compared, whereas the dynamics of transcription in human hepatoma cells cultured in vitro were less vigorous and phased in a different way when compared to mouse hepatic tissue. The results support the reliability of the human hepatic in vitro model as an alternative to animal models only to study the periodicity of function of the molecular clockwork, but not to evaluate the dynamics of clock gene expression.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E as a novel therapeutic target in hematological malignancies and beyond

Introduction: The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a key regulator of protein synthesis, and an oncogene. Its expression and activity are frequently elevated in cancer, and have been shown to correlate with poor prognosis. Efforts to target eIF4E have thus yielded much interest, with some clinical success. Areas covered: We provide an overview of eIF4E function and regulation, and its role in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Activation of eIF4E via upstream signaling pathways that are frequently deregulated in cancer and the role of eIF4E phosphorylation are discussed. We present an updated review of different approaches to target eIF4E function in the lab and in the clinic. Expert opinion: The prospect of effectively targeting eIF4E in cancer is very attractive, because eIF4E is a common downstream node on which multiple oncogenic signaling pathways converge. However, efforts to do so have yielded limited clinical success so far. While active-site inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin show some promise, and inhibitors of eIF4E phosphorylation may emerge as clinical candidates, the only drug to date that has demonstrated antitumor activity associated with eIF4E inhibition in patients is ribavirin. Further studies will certainly aid the design of better compounds and rational combination therapies.
Affective Recommendation of Movies Based on Selected Connotative Features

The apparent difficulty in assessing emotions elicited by movies and the undeniable high variability in subjects' emotional responses to film content have been recently tackled by exploring film connotative properties: the set of shooting and editing conventions that help in transmitting meaning to the audience. Connotation provides an intermediate representation that exploits the objectivity of audiovisual descriptors to predict the subjective emotional reaction of single users. This is done without the need of registering users' physiological signals. It is not done by employing other people's highly variable emotional rates, but by relying on the intersubjectivity of connotative concepts and on the knowledge of user's reactions to similar stimuli. This paper extends previous work by extracting audiovisual and film grammar descriptors and, driven by users' rates on connotative properties, creates a shared framework where movie scenes are placed, compared, and recommended according to connotation. We evaluate the potential of the proposed system by asking users to assess the ability of connotation in suggesting film content able to target their affective requests.
Towards Application of User-Tailored Machine Translation in Localization

Although machine translation is very popular for various personal tasks, its use in business applications, including localization, is still quite limited. This paper describes the facilities of the LetsMT! platform for localization industry professionals and the results of an experiment which explored the use of the SMT system integrated into translation memory for an actual localization task. We present, LetsMT! platform from the perspective of localization, results of a user requirement analysis and our experiment of evaluating an English-Latvian SMT system integrated into SDL Trados tool. We show that such an integrated localization environment can increase the localization productivity by 32.9% without critical decrease in quality.
Streaming MPEG 4 video over wired and wireless local area networks

There is not a clear consensus on how open-standard video streaming technologies perform across wireless computer networks. Wireless networking technologies have become nearly ubiquitous, particularly in residential networks, leading consumers to expect that they will retain the performance of wired networks. Fortunately, the advances in video compression and wireless network bandwidth allow for higher-quality streaming video content over the more limited wireless network. We seek to evaluate how video, encoded using an implementation of the MPEG4 Part 2 codec, performs when streamed across a simulated residential wired and wireless computer network. In particular, we are interested in the quality of the received video and how the transmission across the network affects the subjective and objective appearance on the client computer. Our network test bed comprises nine average desktop computers equipped with a stream retrieval program, OpenRTSP, and a server running the Darwin Streaming Server from Apple Computer, connected using wired Ethernet connections and 802.11b, 802.11g, and draft 802.11n version 1.0 wireless connections. Each client was monitored while receiving a sample of raw video data encoded at one of a variety of common bit-rates to note any lost content. In addition, each client saved a copy of the video locally for later comparison with the original using the PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and SSIM (Structural SIMilarity) metrics. Looking strictly at established wireless standards (802.11b and g), we found that they are not capable of streaming multiple High Definition quality video streams across a wireless network link. Wired and draft 802.11n wireless connections did prove more capable of handling multiple High Definition video streams concurrently. Hopefully, our work will lead to a better understanding of the technical issues, performance, and trade-offs in home networking, thus facilitating the rapid deployment of advanced home networking services and applications.
Antihepatoma and Liver Protective Potentials of Ganoderma Lucidum (靈芝 Ling Zhi) Fermented in a Medium Containing Black Soybean (黑豆 Hēi Dòu) and Astragalus Membranaceus (生黃耆 Shēng Huáng Qí)

The antihepatoma activity and liver protective function of the fermentation products (5 L fermenator) of Ganoderma lucidum (GL; 靈芝 Ling Zhi) cultivated in a medium containing black soybean (BS; 黑豆 Hēi Dòu) and Astragalus membranaceus (AM; 生黃耆 Shēng Huáng Qí) at different fermentation temperatures were investigated in this study. Hep 3B cells pretreated with lovastatin were used to study the antihepatoma activity, and possible active components were analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced primary rat hepatocyte injury was further used to evaluate the liver protective activity of the fermentation products. While all the GL broth filtrates do not inhibit the growth of Hep 3B cells, the ethanolic extract from GL-2 mycelia (GL-2-mE), cultivated in the medium containing BS (50 g/L) and AM (20 g/L) at 24°C for 11 days showed the best antihepatoma activity (IC50 26.6 μg/mL) than the other ethanolic extracts from GL mycelia, GL fruiting body, BS, and AM did. The antihepatoma activities were correlated with some unknown active components in these samples. Furthermore, GL-2-mE (100 μg/mL) without harmful effect on the growth of normal primary rat hepatocytes significantly maintained cell viability, reduced lactate dehydrogenase leakage, lowered lipid peroxidation, and increased glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities in the CCl4-induced damaged primary rat hepatocytes.
Randomized trial comparing cisplatin, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine with either cisplatin and gemcitabine or cisplatin and vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: interim analysis of a phase III trial of the Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group.

PURPOSE In our previous phase II study, the cisplatin, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine (PGV) regimen produced a median survival time (MST) of approximately 1 year in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The present study was aimed at comparing the MST of patients treated with this triplet regimen with the MSTs of patients receiving cisplatin and vinorelbine (PV) or cisplatin and gemcitabine (PG). PATIENTS AND METHODS From April 1997, patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC, an age of < or = 70 years, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status < or = 1 were randomized to receive one of the following regimens: cisplatin 50 mg/m(2), gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2), and vinorelbine 25 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks (arm A); cisplatin 100 mg/m(2) on day 1 and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks (arm B); or cisplatin 120 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29 and vinorelbine 30 mg/m(2)/wk (arm C). According to the two-stage design for phase III trials, an interim analysis was planned when the first 60 patients per arm were assessable for survival. RESULTS The survival data of 180 NSCLC patients (stage IIIB, 76 patients; stage IV, 104 patients) were analyzed in April 1999. Overall, 128 patients had died (PGV, n = 33; PG, n = 42; and PV, n = 53). The MST of patients in the PGV, PG, and PV arms was 51, 42, and 35 weeks, respectively, and the corresponding 1-year projected survival rates were 45%, 40%, and 34%, respectively. When only patients with stage IV disease were considered, an even stronger difference was seen between PGV (MST = 47 weeks) and both PG (34 weeks) and PV (27 weeks). At multivariate Cox analysis, the estimate hazard of death for patients receiving PGV compared with those receiving PV was 0.35 (95% confidence interval, 0.16 to 0.77; P <.01). The response rates were 47% in the PGV arm, 30% in the PG arm, 25% in the PV arm. Both hematologic and nonhematologic toxicities were not substantially worse in patients who received the PGV regimen. CONCLUSION The PGV regimen is associated with a substantial survival gain (MST > 3 months longer) when compared with the PV combination. Because this difference in survival met one of the early stopping rules, the accrual in the PV arm has been stopped (null hypothesis rejected). Enrollment still continues in the PGV and PG arm to ascertain whether the PGV regimen can also produce a significantly longer survival than that obtained with the PG regimen.
IDENTITY THEFT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SOCIAL ENGINEERING STUDI KASUS: KARTU KREDIT DI INDONESIA

Dalam perkembangan perbankan, transaksi kartu kredit semakin marak digunakan baik dalam transaksi nyata maupun didunia maya. Dengan perkembangan ini memunculkan banyak kasus carding, sehingga kartu kredit Indonesia ditolak di beberapa situs yang ternama seperti amazone. Maraknya carding ini disebabkan karena social engineering yang dilakukan beberapa pihak dengan berlaku sebagai pihak bank yang berkedok mengadakan undian atau menyamakan data atau pembuatan kartu kredit baru. Modus-modus sosial engineering apalagi yang digunakan oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab untuk mencuri identitas. Beberapa data juga dapat dengan mudah diperoleh jika kita menggunakan internet. Melalui situs pertemanan sosial seseorang juga dapat memperoleh banyak data penting yang bisa digunakan untuk memferifikasi ke pihak bank untuk mengubah PIN dan lain-lain. Melalui survey yang akan dilakukan diharapkan dapat melihat bagaimana pandangan dari masyarakat Indonesia terhadap data-data pribadi yang mereka miliki dan bagaimana data dapat dengan mudahnya diperolah oleh pihak yang tidak berkepentingan. Selain itu akan dibahas bagaimana cara melindungi diri dari pencurian identitas.
The Influence of GABA Metabolism on GABA Neurotransmission : The Role of Metabolic Regulatory Points and a Neuronal Glutamate Transporter

82 | 2010 | VOLUME 1 VANDERBILT REVIEWS | NEUROSCIENCE ©2010 Vanderbilt Brain Institute. All rights reserved. GLUTAMATE AND GABA METABOLISM Glutamate and GABA are the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain, respectively. Unlike other neurotransmitter systems, such as monoamines, reuptake and recycling of glutamate and GABA does not appear to be as important as new synthesis to replenish the pool of neurotransmitter for synaptic vesicle filling. Despite the critical importance of neurotransmitter supply, either to prevent depletion and maintain stable transmission or perhaps to dynamically adjust in response to demand, the metabolic pathways by which these transmitters are continuously supplied to synaptic terminals have not been resolved. GABA is synthesized by the decarboxylation of glutamate, which is catalyzed by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Neurons are not capable of synthesizing glutamate on their own; therefore inhibitory neurons, like excitatory neurons, need a supply of glutamate. At least two possible pathways through which glutamate may be acquired exists: (1) the direct uptake of extracellular glutamate or (2) the uptake of glutamine, which can be converted to glutamate by neurons. Transporters serving both of these roles are expressed by GABAergic neurons, and both have been demonstrated to play roles in the synthesis of GABA. GABA synthesis and synaptic vesicle filling are tightly coupled processes as revealed by biochemical assays. GAD65, the synaptically localized isoform of GAD, is associated with a complex of proteins on synaptic vesicles that includes the vesicular GABA transporter. GABA synthesized from glutamate is taken up into synaptic vesicles preferentially over preexisting GABA. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated that inhibiting GAD results in a reduction in the size of miniature synaptic events, which represent the amount of GABA released from a single synaptic vesicle. In contrast, knock-out of the predominant membrane transporter for GABA reuptake does not influence the size of these miniature events. Taken together, these findings suggest that new synthesis is more important than recycling of existing GABA. Moreover, they demonstrate that any factors influencing GABA synthesis are likely to play an important role in maintaining, and possibly regulating, inhibitory synaptic transmission. Finally, GABA is catabolized by the action of GABA transaminase (GABA-T), which deaminates GABA to make succinic semialdehyde (SSA), and then SSA dehydrogenase (SSADH) converts SSA to succinate, which enters the TCA cycle. SSA can also be converted to γ–hydroxybutyrate (GBH) by the action of SSA reductase (Figure 1).
Breeding: Incorporation of Exotic Germplasm

Exotic germplasm refers to crop varieties unadapted to a breeder’s target environment, and is an important resource for crop improvement. Because genetic diversity within elite cultivars of a crop is limited compared to the variability within the species and its relatives worldwide, genes from exotic germplasm can protect the crop against new biotic and abiotic stresses, and may represent unique alleles for productivity that are absent from elite crop gene pools. Introducing substantial amounts of genetic material from exotic sources into elite crop gene pools while maintaining their productivity is difficult, however. Exotic germplasm incorporation programs require long-term commitments and appropriate breeding strategies, and may be assisted by DNA marker technologies.