Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring developmental dynamics in evolved neural network controllers

Two new developmental neural network controllers for evolutionary robotics are described. These controllers present opportunities for experiments into many areas of development: the results of several experiments are described. Relevant former work in evolutionary robotics and the natural sciences is reviewed. The motivations of the work are presented: to generate working examples of systems which may be said to exhibit development for use as tools in its study, and to explore various open questions involving development using these tools. Several open questions are presented, most of which involve suggestions that controllers which are constrained to be developmental may offer advantages (in terms of how easily they may be evolved to exhibit certain behaviours) over more traditional controllers. The experimental work is divided into two parts. The first part describes a controller which has neurons located in a two-dimensional space growing during the robot’s lifetime in processes affected by the experience of the robot as well as its genotype. The second piece of experimental work describes a controller designed to put into practice the lessons learned in the first part: one which has a fixed size but allows for the growth and death of synapses as well as plastic changes in their weights. Little evidence was found to support the ideas behind many of the open questions explored: in particular, the controllers with added developmental dynamics were not found to have any advantage over standard controllers in tasks involving flexibility to predictable changes or adaptability to different environments. Discussion is offered of the reasons for the results found, the utility of the tools developed and lessons learned about evolving developmental controllers. Possible avenues for future work are suggested.
Erbb2 up‐regulation of ADAM12 expression accelerates skin cancer progression

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause severe damage to the skin and is the primary cause of most skin cancer. UV radiation causes DNA damage leading to mutations and also activates the Erbb2/HER2 receptor through indirect mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that Erbb2 activation accelerates the malignant progression of UV‐induced skin cancer. Following the induction of benign squamous papillomas by UV exposure of v‐rasHa transgenic Tg.AC mice, mice were treated topically with the Erbb2 inhibitor AG825 and tumor progression monitored. AG825 treatment reduced tumor volume, increased tumor regression, and delayed the development of malignant squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Progression to malignancy was associated with increased Erbb2 and ADAM12 (A Disintegin And Metalloproteinase 12) transcripts and protein, while inhibition of Erbb2 blocked the increase in ADAM12 message upon malignant progression. Similarly, human SCC and SCC cell lines had increased ADAM12 protein and transcripts when compared to normal controls. To determine whether Erbb2 up‐regulation of ADAM12 contributed to malignant progression of skin cancer, Erbb2 expression was modulated in cultured SCC cells using forced over‐expression or siRNA targeting, demonstrating up‐regulation of ADAM12 by Erbb2. Furthermore, ADAM12 transfection or siRNA targeting revealed that ADAM12 increased both the migration and invasion of cutaneous SCC cells. Collectively, these results suggest Erbb2 up‐regulation of ADAM12 as a novel mechanism contributing to the malignant progression of UV‐induced skin cancer. Inhibition of Erbb2/HER2 reduced tumor burden, increased tumor regression, and delayed the progression of benign skin tumors to malignant SCC in UV‐exposed mice. Inhibition of Erbb2 suppressed the increase in metalloproteinase ADAM12 expression in skin tumors, which in turn increased migration and tumor cell invasiveness. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Juice Blends—A Way of Utilization of Under-Utilized Fruits, Vegetables, and Spices: A Review

The post-harvest shelf life of maximum of fruits and vegetables is very limited due to their perishable nature. In India more then 20–25 percent of fruits and vegetables are spoiled before utilization. Despite being the world's second largest producer of fruits and vegetables, in India only 1.5 percent of the total fruits and vegetables produced are processed. Maximum amounts of fruit and vegetable juices turn bitter after extraction due to conversion of chemical compounds. In spite of being under utilized, the utilization of highly nutritive fruits and vegetables is very limited due to high acidity, astringency, bitterness, and some other factors. While improving flavor, palatability, and nutritive and medicinal value of various fruit juices such as aonla, mango, papaya, pineapple, citrus, ber, pear, apple, watermelon, and vegetables including bottle gourd, carrot, beet root, bitter gourd, medicinal plants like aloe vera and spices can also be used for juice blending. All these natural products are valued very highly for their refreshing juice, nutritional value, pleasant flavor, and medicinal properties. Fruits and vegetables are also a rich source of sugars, vitamins, and minerals. However, some fruits and vegetables have an off flavor and bitterness although they are an excellent source of vitamins, enzymes, and minerals. Therefore, blending of two or more fruit and vegetable juices with spices extract for the preparation of nutritive ready-to-serve (RTS), beverages is thought to be a convenient and economic alternative for utilization of these fruits and vegetables. Moreover, one could think of a new product development through blending in the form of a natural health drink, which may also serve as an appetizer. The present review focuses on the blending of fruits, under-utilized fruits, vegetables, medicinal plants, and spices in appropriate proportions for the preparation of natural fruit and vegetable based nutritive beverages.
Spatial and temporal analyses of integrin and Muc-1 expression in porcine uterine epithelium and trophectoderm in vitro.

The expression of the glycoproteins Muc-1 and integrin subunits (alpha1, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha(v), beta1, and beta3), all of which may be involved in the control of uterine receptivity, was examined in cultured porcine uterine epithelial (pUE) cells. Integrin subunit expression was also determined in trophoblastic vesicles generated from Day 12 and Day 15 pig conceptuses. Immunocytochemistry was performed on pUE cells cultured on several substrates (glass, serum, fibronectin, or Matrigel) in DME/F12 medium with 5% charcoal/dextran-stripped fetal bovine serum either containing no steroids or supplemented with estrogen, progesterone, or estrogen plus progesterone, or in medium with 5% complete fetal bovine serum. In addition, pUE cells were grown on Matrigel-coated Millicell filter inserts to facilitate development of structurally and functionally distinct apical and basal domains (i.e., polarized pUE cells) and were maintained in the same medium with supplements. The major findings in this investigation are that 1) Muc-1 and alpha1, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha(v), beta1, and beta3 integrin subunits are expressed on pUE cells in vitro; 2) Muc-1 and several integrin subunits are modulated by steroid hormones if culture conditions are provided that permit development of cell polarity; 3) the expression and steroid-induced modulation of Muc-1 and several integrin subunits in polarized pUE cells are similar to those detected in vivo; and 4) the expression of alpha1, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha(v), beta1, and beta3 integrin subunits by trophoblastic vesicles is identical to their expression on trophectoderm of intact conceptuses in vivo. These results suggest that the properties of polarized pUE cells and trophoblastic vesicles are comparable to those of their counterparts in vivo and are, therefore, useful as in vitro model systems to study conceptus-endometrial interactions during the periimplantation period and the control of uterine receptivity to implantation.
The Effect of Stimulus Duration on the Nostril Localization of Eucalyptol

The trigeminal system is a chemosensory system participating in the perception of most odorants, which allows for the perception of diverse sensations including the freshness of eucalyptus or the spiciness of pepper. The lateralization task, that is, the identification of the stimulated nostril in a monorhinal stimulation paradigm is only possible following trigeminal stimulation and allows therefore for the assessment of the trigeminal sensitivity also in a clinical setting. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of the duration of stimuli on the lateralization task. To this end, we asked 32 young and healthy subjects perform the lateralization task while being exposed to eucalyptol stimuli ranging between 100 and 1250 ms. We found that participants performed on average at chance for stimuli shorter than 500 ms, and observed increasing accuracy for stimuli with longer durations. In conclusion, these data suggest that 500 ms represents a threshold for the lateralization of eucalyptol stimuli. Therefore, when trigeminal sensitivity is tested in a clinical setting, eucalyptol stimuli should have a duration of at least 500 ms.
A modified continuous PWM technique for asymmetrical six-phase induction machines

Numerous space vector PWM techniques have been developed in recent time for asymmetrical six-phase induction motor drives. These are in principle based on either 12 or on 24 sectors in the α-β plane. This paper introduces a modified continuous PWM technique, which is based on 12 sectors and which reduces the switching frequency when compared to the existing 12-sector based continuous space vector PWM (SVPWM) algorithm. The performance of this PWM method is compared with other existing 12-sector based techniques. Both continuous and discontinuous methods are encompassed by the comparative analysis. Texas Instruments DSP is utilized in real-time implementation and experimental results are provided to examine the performance of considered PWM methods.
Udio kuhinjske soli u kruhu

The aim of this study was to determine the amount of sodium chloride in bread from local bakeries in Zagreb and leading bakery manufacturers. Kitchen salt or sodium chloride is one of the most predominant compounds on Earth, essential for normal functioning of the human body. World Health Organization recommends a daily intake of up to 5 grams, but in most countries the salt intake is higher than recommended. The main contributors to dietary salt intake are: bakery, meat and dairy products, and adding salt during food preparation and consumption. The amount of sodium chloride has been determined by titration method according to Mohr, which defines Cl- and Br- ions using standard solution of AgNO3 in neutral media. This study has shown that average amount of sodium chloride in analyzed bread samples is 2.24 %, which is almost twice of the value recommended by Croatian national regulation on cereals and cereal products (1.4 %).
Finescale Structure of the T–S Relation in the Eastern North Atlantic

Abstract Distributions of temperature (T) and salinity (S) and their relationship in the oceans are the result of a balance between T–S variability generated at the surface by air–sea fluxes and its removal by molecular dissipation. In this paper the role of different motions in setting the cascade of T–S variance to dissipation scales is quantified using data from the North Atlantic Tracer Release Experiment (NATRE). The NATRE observational programs include fine- and microscale measurements and provide a snapshot of T–S variability across a wide range of scales from basin to molecular. It is found that microscale turbulence controls the rate of thermal dissipation in the thermocline. At this level the T–S relation is established through a balance between large-scale advection by the gyre circulation and small-scale turbulence. Further down, at the level of intermediate and Mediterranean waters, mesoscale eddies are the rate-controlling process. The transition between the two regimes is related to the pre.
Modeling temporal aspects of visual and textual objects in multimedia databases

We consider the problem of modeling temporal aspects of visual and related textual entities in multimedia databases, within the framework of an object-oriented temporal data model. We distinguish two different time aspects in multimedia visual data: intrinsic time, i.e., the time managed according to the sequence of frames composing a visual data item, and extrinsic time, i.e., the (valid) time of the real world represented by the visual data item. We also propose a three-layered approach for composing temporal visual data. Relationships between visual data and related textual data are then considered: we propose a taxonomy for temporal textural observations on visual data, based on their temporal properties. In relation to textural temporal data and visual data, we consider the existing contraints along their valid times, possibly given different granularities and with indeterminacy.
ADENYL CYCLASE AS AN ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR *

One of the important regulating factors in the control of a number of cellular processes appears to be the intracellular level of adenosine 3', 5'phosphate (cyclic AMP). '-3 The level of this chemical depends upon the relative activities of a t least two enzymes, viz., adenyl c y c l a ~ e , ~ which catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, and a phosph~diesterase,~ which catalyzes the breakdown of cyclic AMP to 5'-AMP. Many of the actions of a number of hormones and neurohumors are now thought to be related to the ability of these agents to alter the intracellular level of cyclic AMP in their respective target cells, either by increasing the activity of adenyl cyclase or perhaps, in some cases, by an opposite effect on the cyclase or by an effect on the phosphodiesterase. T A B L E 1 contains a list of those hormones and neurohumors for which there is some evidence that this is the case. The resultant effect of the altered concentration of cyclic AMP will depend on the enzymatic profile of the particular cell type involved. The target systems on which cyclic AMP acts to produce the responses to the hormones listed in T A B L E 1 are not known in all cases. The effects which cyclic AMP can elicit, however, as they are known a t the present time, are summarized in T A B L E 2. It will be noted that these effects have been measured a t various different levels of organization, hence need not in all cases be mutually exclusive. The hormonal sensitivity of adenyl cyclase has been found to differ strikingly from tissue to tissue. Thus, for example, in the corpus luteum, cyclic AMP levels are increased by LH but not by ACTH, whereas in the adrenal cortex the reverse situation has been found to apply. Some tissues are highly specific, whereas in others, such as adipose t i s ~ u e , ~ ~ * ~ ~ a large number of hormones have been found to be active. The particulate nature of adenyl cyclase in most tissues, together with its lability (especially as regards hormonal sensitivity), have combined to make the purification and study of this enzyme difficult. Little is therefore known, in chemical terms, about the reasons for the hormonal specificity in different tissues. The enzyme appears to behave in most tissues as a l i p ~ p r o t e i n " ~ and may be intimately associated with the lipid matrix of the cell membrane.40 One possible model of the adenyl cyclase molecule, which may be useful as a working hypothesis, is illustrated in FIG-
Bicyclists injured by automobiles: relationship of age to injury type and severity--a national trauma databank analysis.

BACKGROUND Bicycle riding is a popular recreational activity and a common mode of transportation. Impact with a motor vehicle, however, has the potential to result in significant injury to the rider. The magnitude of this problem, the incidence and types of injuries, and the effect of age on these variables are poorly defined in the literature. METHODS This was a National Trauma Databank study during a 5-year period. Injury Severity Score (ISS), specific injuries sustained by riders, and outcomes were analyzed according to age groups (≤ 14 years, 15-35 years, 36-55 years, 56-65 years, and >65 years). RESULTS During the study period, there were 12,429 admissions as a result of bicycle-related injuries involving motor vehicles (0.7% of all trauma admissions). There were 4,095 patients (32.9%) ≤ 14 years, 3,806 (30.7%) 15 to 35 years, 3,413 (27.5%) 36 to 55 years, 688 (5.5%) 56 to 65 years, and 427 (3.4%) >65 years. The incidence of severe or critical trauma (ISS ≥ 16) in the five age strata was 20.3%, 19.2%, 26.4%, 33.4%, and 38.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). The most commonly encountered injuries consisted of extremity fractures (34.9%). Patients ≤ 14 years old were significantly more likely to suffer fractures to the lower extremity and less likely to sustain fractures to the upper extremity. The overall incidence of head injury was 28.3% and increased in a stepwise fashion with increasing age, ranging from 26.5% in the age stratum 15 to 35 years to 38.6% in the age stratum >65 years, p < 0.001. The overall mortality was 3.7% and ranged from 2.4% in the age stratum ≤ 14 years, to 12.2% in the stratum >65 years. After adjusting for differences in age groups, there was a stepwise increase in the risk of death for bicyclists >65 years old who were 10-fold more likely to die than those ≤ 14 years old (adj. p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Bicycle-related injuries involving motor vehicles are associated with a high incidence of head injuries and extremity fractures. Age plays a critical role in the severity and anatomic distribution of injuries sustained, with a stepwise increase in mortality with increasing age. Further evaluation of specific preventative measures, especially for elderly bicyclists is warranted.
Supplementary Material for Synthesizing Normalized Faces from Facial Identity Features

To fit the shape of the face, we first manually establish a correspondence between the 65 predicted landmarks li and the best matching 65 vertices vi of the 3-D mesh used to train the model of Blanz and Vetter [2]. This correspondence is based on the semantics of the landmarks and does not change for different faces. We then optimize for the shape parameters that best match vi to li using gradient descent. The landmarks provide 65 × 2 = 130 constraints for the 199 parameters of the morphable model, so the optimization is additionally regularized towards the average face. Once the face mesh is aligned with the predicted landmarks, we project the synthesized image onto the mesh as vertex colors. The projection works well for areas that are close to front-facing, but is noisy and imprecise at grazing angles. To clean the result, we project the colors further onto the model’s texture basis to produce clean, but less accurate vertex colors. We then produce a final vertex color by blending the synthesized image color and the texture basis color based on the foreshortening angle.
Line-to-ring coupling circuit model and its parametric effects for optimized design of microstrip ring circuits and antennas

New de-embedding technique developed with a field-theoretical framework is applied to precisely characterizing line-to-ring coupling structure in the form of a circuit model. This circuit model is able to account for various dynamic parametric effects including frequency-related dispersion, radiation and leakage losses. Results are given for dispersive electrical characteristics of loose and enhanced line-to-ring coupling schemes in terms of susceptance-related J-inverter network. The accurate prediction confirmed by a set of experiments provides a guideline for optimally designing ring-resonators with the distributed transmission line model.
Expansion sélective de requêtes par apprentissage

Si l’expansion de requete automatique ameliore en moyenne la qualite de recherche, elle peut la degrader pour certaines requetes. Ainsi, certains travaux s’interessent a developper des approches selectives qui choisissent la fonction de recherche ou d’expansion en fonction des requetes. La plupart des approches selectives utilisent un processus d’apprentissage sur des caracteristiques de requetes passees et sur les performances obtenues. Cet article presente une nouvelle methode d’expansion selective qui se base sur des predicteurs de difficulte des requetes, predicteurs linguistiques et statistiques. Le modele de decision est appris par un SVM. Nous montrons l’efficacite de la methode sur des collections TREC standards. Les modeles appris ont classe les requetes de test avec plus de 90% d’exactitude. Par ailleurs, la MAP est amelioree de plus de 11%, comparee a des methodes non selectives.
Understanding the individual difference antecedents of perceived enjoyment in the acceptance of blogging

With the proliferation of Weblogs (blogs) use in university educational contexts, developing a better understanding of university students' knowledge sharing behavior through blogging has become an important topic for practitioners and academics. While perceived enjoyment has been found to have a significant influence on behavioral intentions to use blogs or hedonic systems, few studies have investigated the antecedents of perceived enjoyment in the acceptance of blogging. The main purpose of the present study is to explore the various individual difference antecedents of perceived enjoyment and examine how they influence behavioral intention to blog through the mediation of perceived enjoyment. Based on the previous literature, the Big Five personality traits (i.e., extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience), as well as computer self-efficacy and personal innovation in information technology (PIIT), are hypothesized as potential antecedents of perceived enjoyment in the acceptance of blogging. Data will be collected from respondents in Taiwan to test the research model using structural equation modeling approach. The results of this study will enhance our understanding of students' knowledge sharing behavior through blogging, and provide several prominent implications for e-learning research and practice.
Cooperative Diversity-based Routing for Power Savings in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks in Rayleigh Fading Channel

We propose new routing scheme, cooperative diversity-based routing (CDR) which utilizes the cooperative space diversity for power saving and performance enhancement of wireless ad-hoc networks. The improved performance is compared with multi-hop relay routing (MRR) by analytical methods. When the required outage probability is 1times10-3 at the destination node in ad-hoc networks with 7 nodes, we noticed that each node can save power consumption by 15.5 dB in average, by using our proposed CDR compared to MRR.
MEDICINAL EFFECTS OF KAAHU ( LACTUCA SATIVA LINN ) DESCRIBED IN UNANI MEDICINE-A REVIEW

Kaahu – Lactuca sativa L. is a large genus of annual or perennial herbs, chiefly of north temperate regions. About 25 species occur in India. All the species contain milky latex and the dried latex from some of them furnishes the drug lactucarium. Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae) is considered as the most important vegetable in the group of leafy vegetables. It is also extensively used as a fresh vegetable, but some forms are also cooked. It has been used for salads at a very early period. According to Herodotus, they were served at the tables of the Persian Kings more than 400 years before the Christian era. The garden lettuce is considered to have originated in the warmer temperate parts of western Asia, including eastern Mediterranean and descended from L. Serriola Linn, prickley lettuce, found wild in the Himalayas and north temperate regions of the Old World. The present review will provide comprehensive information on phytochemical and curative uses with exceptional mention to Unani medicine which will help to tap its unexplored potential with more scientific approach.