Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indikationen zur chirurgischen und interventionellen Behandlung der akuten Pankreatitis

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Bei 15 – 20% der Patienten mit akuter Pankreatitis entwickelt sich eine nekrotisierende Form. Die Mortalität beträgt bis zu 20%. Entscheidende Säulen der Behandlung sind die intensivmedizinische Therapie sowie chirurgische und interventionelle Maßnahmen. Methoden Diese Übersichtsarbeit zur Indikationsstellung von chirurgischen und interventionellen Maßnahmen bei der nekrotisierenden Pankreatitis wurde auf der Basis einer systematischen Literaturrecherche verfasst. In der Analyse wurden 85 Artikel ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse wurden im Delphi-Befragungsverfahren der Qualitätskommission der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV) und Experten auf einer Sitzung des Viszeralmedizin-Kongresses in Wiesbaden 2019 vorgestellt. Bei der abschließenden Formulierung der Empfehlungen wurde ein starker Konsensus von 84% bei den Befragten erreicht. Ergebnisse Bei Nachweis oder Verdacht auf eine Infektion der Pankreasnekrosen besteht eine Indikation zur chirurgischen und interventionellen Behandlung (Empfehlungsgrad: stark; Evidenzstärke: schwach). In Ausnahmefällen stellen auch sterile Nekrosen eine Indikation zur Intervention dar. Wenn es der klinische Zustand erlaubt, sollte die Intervention bis in die 4. Krankheitswoche geschoben werden. Als Therapiestrategie wird mit hohem Evidenz- und Empfehlungsgrad der „step-up approach“ empfohlen. Diese Strategie der Therapieeskalation beinhaltet als 1. Maßnahme eine Drainagebehandlung und bei Erfolglosigkeit die minimalinvasive chirurgische oder endoskopische Nekrosektomie. Sind die minimalinvasiven Techniken nicht effektiv, ist die offene Nekrosektomie indiziert. Nach primärer Drainagebehandlung kann bei 35 – 50% der Patienten die 2. Therapiestufe der Nekrosektomie vermieden werden. Indikationen zur Notfalloperation sind Organperforation, Darmischämie, interventionell nicht stillbare Blutungen und das abdominelle Kompartmentsyndrom bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie. Spätabszesse und symptomatische Pseudozysten sind Indikationen für eine interventionelle Drainagebehandlung. Bei der biliären Pankreatitis ist die Cholezystektomie indiziert, bei der milden Form frühelektiv und bei schwerem Verlauf frühestens nach 6 – 8 Wochen. Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegenden Empfehlungen enthalten Kriterien für die Indikationsstellung zur chirurgischen und interventionellen Behandlung der akuten Pankreatitis. Sie sollen als Referenzstandards für die Entscheidungsfindung in einem multidisziplinären Team dienen.
Probabilistic Collision Risk Estimation for Autonomous Driving: Validation via Statistical Model Checking

A crucial aspect that automotive systems need to face before being used in everyday life is the validation of their components. To this end, standard exhaustive methods are inappropriate to validate the probabilistic algorithms widely used in this field and new solutions need to be adopted. In this paper, we present an approach based on Statistical Model Checking (SMC) to validate the collision risk assessment generated by a probabilistic perception system. SMC represents an intermediate between test and exhaustive verification by relying on statistics and evaluates the probability of meeting appropriate Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) based on a large number of simulations. As a case study, a state-of-the-art algorithm is adopted to obtain the collision risk estimations. This algorithm provides an environment representation through Bayesian probabilistic occupancy grids and estimates positions in the near future of every static and dynamic part of the grid. Based on these estimations, time-to-collision probabilities are then associated with the corresponding cells. Using CARLA simulator, a large number of execution traces are then generated, considering both collisions and almost-collisions in realistic urban scenarios. Real experiments complete the analysis and show the reliability of the simulation results.
Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) Seed Flour Prepared by Fat Extraction of Rambutan Seeds with SC-CO2

Introduction: Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) seeds are waste byproduct from fresh consumption to fruit canning industry. This seed waste contains high amounts of fat (14-41%) and carbohydrate (28-46%). After fat removal, the defatted material could be potentially used as a fl our alternative for food applications. The aim of this study was to produce fl our from rambutan seeds by fat extraction with SC-CO2. The defatted fl our obtained was characterized by some selected properties and evaluated for potential toxicity following acute oral exposure in rats. Methods: Fat was extracted from ground rambutan seeds by SC-CO2 at 350 bar and 45 °C. Defatted fl our samples were determined for proximate compositions, amylose content, paste viscosity by using RVA and evaluated for acute oral toxicity. Results: Ninety percent of the total rambutan fat was extracted by SC-CO2, comparable to that of hexane extraction. Defatted rambutan seed fl our had high contents of protein (10.07%), carbohydrate (87.04%) and amylose (32.16%). Fat extraction resulted in higher RVA viscosity pattern and exhibited no pasting peak with continual rise in viscosity. Compared with other sources of fl ours, the defatted rambutan seed fl our exhibited much lower RVA viscosity pattern, suitable to apply in confectionery formulation. This fl our material was non-toxic at 15000 mg/kg in acute oral toxicity testing. Conclusion: SC-CO2 was capable of removing 90% of total fat available in rambutan seeds. Defatted rambutan seed fl our contained high protein and carbohydrate, similar to those of all purpose wheat fl our. Fat removal of rambutan seeds using SC-CO2 extraction produced a fl our exhibiting higher viscosity determined by RVA and continual rise in pattern throughout the RVA cycle. However, the viscosity pattern of defatted rambutan fl our was lower when compared with rice and wheat fl ours. The oral acute toxicity showed that the defatted rambutan fl our was safe for consumption. Based on our results, the defatted rambutan seed fl our could potentially be used as a food ingredient in development of confectionery products.
Development of Optimal Conditioning Method to Improve Economic Efficiency of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells

This study presents an economical conditioning method for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells through a parametric study investigating the factors affecting online conditioning methods. First, we compared the operating conditions between constant current (CC) mode and constant voltage (CV) mode conditioning to understand the effects of current and potential differences on conditioning. We found that CV mode conditioning is at least one hour faster at the same load. This is because unlike CV mode conditioning, which has a constant load over the entire range of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), CC mode conditioning features current flow through the existing passage of the pre-activated triple phase boundary of the MEA so that the electronic load is not entirely used in the conditioning process. Second, the optimization of CV mode conditioning was conducted by controlling the conditioning temperature. Lastly, the economics of the proposed method were analyzed by comparing it with existing conditioning methods. Using this optimal conditioning method can reduce the consumption of hydrogen during conditioning by ~87.5% compared to previous methods. The findings from this study provide the means to lower the actual production cost of fuel cells, thereby ensuring market access.
Idiotypic and Anti‐Idiotypic Antibodies Produced in Immune Response to Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophyllus

Lactobacilli are nonpathogenic gram‐positive inhabitants of the normal human intestine known for their health‐promoting effects. In our earlier work, it is shown that human monoclonal antibody isolated from sera of a patient with Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia possess innate antibody characteristics and binds to lactic acid bacteria. According to the immune network model, immunization with this bacteria could induce the perturbations in immune system that might result in production of anti‐Lactobacillus antibodies, human monoclonal antibody like (Ab1) and anti‐idiotypic antibody (Ab2). In this study, BALB/c mice were immunized with two doses of bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus in complete and incomplete Freund's adjuvant and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), respectively. Seven days after the last immunization, sera from immunized mice were collected and the presence of Lactobacillus‐specific Ab1 and Ab2 were determined by ELISAs. In the sera of immunized mice, antibodies specific to bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus were shown. The concentration of Lactobacillus‐specific antibodies was higher in the sera of hyperimmunized mice (mice immunized with 1 mg of IgM DJ) than in sera of mice immunized with 100 times lower doses of immunogen (0.01 mg per doses). Moreover, Ab1 and Ab2 antibodies were detected in the sera of Lactobacillus‐hyperimmunized mice. In this study, we have shown the idiotypic network interactions in mice immunized with bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus.
PROTEIN INTERACTIONS OF GTP-ase OF IMMUNITY ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 3

The protein family GTP-ase of immunity associated protein (Gimap) is expressed in all vertebrates and angiosperm plants. One member of this family, Gimap3, is a pseudogene in humans but is expressed in mice, mainly in immune tissues and leukocytes. Together with members of the Bcl-2 family, Gimap3 and its paralogue, Gimap5, are needed for the maturation and survival of T cells as well as the maintenance of T cell homeostasis. However the mechanisms underlying this process are still unknown. Autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5), a component of the autophagy degradation system, also plays a role in T cell maturation, especially in the negative and positive selection of T cells. Preliminary genetic studies suggested that the stability of Gimap3 is dependent on the expression of Atg5 but, whether they interact directly, remains to be seen. Furthermore Gimap3 is the first nuclear gene shown to modify the segregation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in hematopoietic tissues, although through an unknown mechanism. The morphological changes of mitochondria through fission and fusion are also connected to the maintenance and inheritance of mitochondria and possibly also to the segregation of the mitochondrial genome. Pathogenic mutant mtDNA variants in somatic tissues are shown to affect the segregation pattern, which is linked to the severity and the onset of mitochondrial disorders. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of mtDNA segregation is critical for understanding the development of mitochondrial disorders. In this thesis, a co-immunoprecipitation protocol was optimized to study the protein interactions of Gimap3 in order to elucidate how Gimap3 functions in maturation and development of T lymphocytes and also, by what mechanism it modifies the segregation of mtDNA. To achieve reliable results, an antibody precipitating Gimap3 specifically and efficiently, and a detergent with good solubilization capacity were chosen. The background contaminants in elution were reduced by differential centrifugation and stringent washes. Due to the high levels of background contamination, preliminary crosslinking experiments were done to further decrease the background with even more stringent washes. In mass spectrometry analysis, one protein, vesicle trafficking protein SEC22b (SEC22b), was identified to potentially interact with transmembrane domain of Gimap3. Atg5 was not found to interact with Gimap3 in the conditions tested. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to optimize the co-immmunoprecipitation method for full-length Gimap3 in order to discover more protein interactions as well as interactions with its N-terminus.
A Generic Model for Projection Alignment Applied to Neural Network Visualization

Dimensionality reduction techniques are popular tools for the visualization of neural network models due to their ability to display hidden layer activations and aiding the understanding of how abstract representations are being formed. However, many techniques render poor results when used to compare multiple projections resulted from different feature sets, such as the outputs of different hidden layers or the outputs from different models processing the same data. This problem occurs due to the lack of an alignment factor to ensure that visual differences represent actual differences between the feature sets and not artifacts generated by the technique. In this paper, we propose a generic model to align multiple projections when visualizing different feature sets that can be applied to any gradient descent-based dimensionality reduction technique. We employ this model to generate a variant of the UMAP method and show the results of its application.
Enterovirus A71 Infection and Neurologic Disease, Madrid, Spain, 2016

To the Editor: Taravilla et al. (1) observed mucocutaneous manifestations of 6 children with enterovirus, and “the main manifestation was petechial rash on the extremities. ” This finding is unusual for enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infections. Cutaneous manifestations of EV-A71 are reported as vesicular skin lesions, not purpura (2). It is important that physicians distinguish between petechial and vesicular rashes because petechial rashes in children are linked to other infectious agents, including parvovirus B19 and (especially within the context of encephalitis) Neisseria meningitidis. A precise dermatologic description is necessary for a correct clinical diagnosis. A toorapid clinical examination might result in confusion between vesicular rash and petechial rash, especially when vesicles are very small. To avoid confusion, the authors should have provided high-quality clinical photos of the rashes, skin biopsy results, or both before considering EV-A71 as a new cause of febrile petechial rash in children.
NUTRIENT UTILIZATION BY COTTON CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES

The nutrient uptake of cotton suspension cultures was studied during a 30 day-culture period. Cotton cell suspension cultures of the 101-102B genotype were established and monthly subcultured in liquid medium. Culture growth rate, nutrient uptake and pH variations in the medium were measured. A 6-fold increase in fresh weight of the cotton cell culture was observed on day 30. The majority of the nutrients were taken up at a high rate, and their consumption was at least 80% of the original concentration. Nevertheless, the uptake rate varied among the elements. While PO4 3was practically depleted from the medium on day 10, the ions such as K, Ca, SO4 2and Mg had a 20% residual at the end of the period. The pH of the culture medium increased initially and stabilized at pH 6.2 at the beginning of the stationary phase. In addition, the cotton cell suspension culture took up 89% of glucose added to the medium.
β-Elemene Enhances the Chemotherapeutic Effect of 5-Fluorouracil in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via PI3K/AKT, RAF-MEK-ErK, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

Background The most common chemotherapeutic drug for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment is 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), but its therapeutic index is low due to its toxicity. β-Elemene (ELE) possesses antitumor activity against different cancers, but it has never been used in combination with 5-FU to improve its chemotherapeutic effect against TNBC. Materials and Methods We treated MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells of TNBC with ELE alone, 5-FU alone, or their combination to investigate their treatment effects on cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation. We verified the molecular mechanisms of our results through confocal immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis in vitro and in vivo. Results Our result revealed that ELE enhanced the 5-FU effect against cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation through different mechanisms in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cell lines. In molecular mechanisms, ELE and 5-FU in combination enhances apoptosis in both cell lines through Bl-2 family protein and caspase cascade modulation, thereby inhibiting NF-kB pathway through IKKβ, IKKα, and p65 downregulation in the cytoplasm and p50 and p65 downregulation in the nucleus. ELE and 5-FU in combination regulated the PI3K/AKT pathway through p-AKT, P-85, p110r, p-PDK1, and p110a protein and RAF-MEK-ERK pathway inhibition through the p-c-raf and p-ERK downregulation. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or RAF-MEK-ERK inhibitor U0126 in combination with ELE and 5-FU decreased cell viability in both cell lines significantly, thereby showing the involvement of these pathways in cell apoptosis. In mouse xenograft model, ELE and 5-FU in combination inhibited the tumor growth and modulated its molecular markers. Conclusion The conclusion obtained, considering that the results suggest that the combination may be important specifically in the treatment of TNBC.
Precautionary Behavior Toward Dengue Virus Through Public Service Advertisement: Mediation of the Individual’s Attention, Information Surveillance, and Elaboration

The study examines the role of a health-related promotional campaign launched in Pakistan in the context of advertising campaign to improve precautionary behavior toward dengue virus (PBDV). The focus of this study is to investigate the mediation of individual’s attention, information surveillance, elaboration, and also the moderation of demographic features (e.g., gender, educational level, and dengue affected survival) in the relationship between the exposure of dengue-related public service announcements (DPSA) and PBDV. Telephonic interview technique was used to establish a representative sample (N = 1,251) from Punjab (dengue-affected province of Pakistan) using a computer-assisted telephone survey software. The outcomes clarify the application of cognitive mediation model in the context of health communication. The findings revealed that individual’s attention and information surveillance have considerable mediating effects on PBDV and DPSA relationship. Surprisingly, however, there is no indirect effect of elaboration on PBDV. The findings provide practical recommendations to public organizations while designing health communication strategies.
Sosyal Kimlik Kuramı Bağlamında Bireylerin Kimlik Tanımlamaları: Kocaeli Kafkas Kültür Derneği Örneklemi

Bu calisma, son yillarda artan kimlik ve etnisite tartismalarina, yuzyildan fazla zaman once Turkiye topraklarina gelen Cerkes kimligi isiginda bir degerlendirme sunmak amaciyla hayata gecirilmistir. Cerkesler 1800’lu yillardan bu yana Turkiye’de varlik gosteren etnik guruplardan birini meydana getirmektedirler. Literaturdeki cesitli kaynaklarda Cerkeslere, “Turkiye’deki mevcut kulture en fazla uyum saglayabilmis etnik grup” olarak yer verilmistir. Bu veri Cerkeslerin sosyal kimlik anlayislarini ve kimlik tanimlamalarindaki donusumu inceleme gerekliligini dogurmus, bu calismada da bu inceleme, Sosyal Kimlik Kurami baglaminda gerceklestirilmistir. Calismanin alan arastirmasi kisminda, etkin sekilde Kocaeli Kafkas Kultur Dernegi’nde varlik gosteren bireylerin, kimlik ve aidiyet tanimlamalari sorgulanarak, Sosyal Kimlik Kurami baglaminda degerlendirilmistir. Calismanin neticesinde; bir kulturu ayakta tutan ve devamini saglayan dil gibi en temel unsurlardan birini gunumuze saglikli bir bicimde tasiyamamis olmasina ragmen, hâlâ etkili sekilde ayakta duran ve diger kultur unsurlarini ve pratiklerini surekli kilmayi basarmis olan Cerkes toplumunun, bu basariyi nasil elde ettigine dair verilere ulasilmis ve bu veriler sosyal kimlik kurami baglaminda degerlendirilmistir.
Computing water flow through complex landscapes – Part 2: Finding hierarchies in depressions and morphological segmentations

Abstract. Depressions – inwardly draining regions of digital elevation models – present difficulties for terrain analysis and hydrological modeling. Analogous “depressions” also arise in image processing and morphological segmentation, where they may represent noise, features of interest, or both. Here we provide a new data structure – the depression hierarchy – that captures the full topologic and topographic complexity of depressions in a region. We treat depressions as networks in a way that is analogous to surface-water flow paths, in which individual sub-depressions merge together to form meta-depressions in a process that continues until they begin to drain externally. This hierarchy can be used to selectively fill or breach depressions or to accelerate dynamic models of hydrological flow. Complete, well-commented, open-source code and correctness tests are available on GitHub and Zenodo.
Form and function of orthoconic cephalopod shells with concave septa

Models of “ideal” orthoconic shells having simple concave septa with minimal weight and maximal strength and analysis of 72 species of fossil orthocones and cyrtocones yield important insights into the physical principles underlying cephalopod shell design. The ideal septum is a spherical cap weighing only 77% of a hemispherical septum of equal strength. The septa of most longicones approximate this ideal shape while those of brevicones are less curved, probably owing to buoyancy problems. Increase in septal strength leads to weight increase unless the shell becomes more logiconic or septal spacing increases or both. However, increased spacing requires more cameral liquid for septum formation, thus reducing buoyancy. In ideal longicones, septal spacing resembles the cone radius for thick, strong septa but declines to half of the cone radius for thin, weak septa. In ideal intermediates and brevicones, spacings are respectively reduced by factors of about 2 and 4, with similar additional dependence on septal thickness. Most real septa resemble these ideal models. The relative length of the body chamber to the phragmocone varies greatly between about 0.2 and 1.5, depending mainly on the wall thickness and to a lesser degree on the septal thickness, apical angle and body density. Removal of cameral liquid in the adult must be compensated for by additional growth to retain neutral buoyancy. The conditions for neutral equilibrium calculated for longicones with different “counterweights” indicate that: (1) cameral liquid only is least feasible; (2) half-and-half calcium carbonate and liquid results in one-third length and one-quarter volume reduction of the body chamber; (3) with calcium carbonate only, body chamber reduction is minimal. Real ‘counterweights’ appear to be intermediate between (2) and (3), providing the animal with horizontal stability, which is missing in (3). Most uncalcified siphuncles reduce the body chamber only slightly although they improve horizontal stability. If the wall attains full thickness only at the apical end of body chamber, the liquid-only ‘counterweight’ becomes feasible.
The Influence of Experiential Pedagogy on Undergraduate Sport Coaching Students’ ‘Real World’ Practice

There is a body of research on the challenges that coaches face when trying to implement athlete-centred coaching, but very little attention has been paid to the influence that the growing number of sport coaching degrees has on coaches’ beliefs and practice in regard to athlete-centred coaching. While studies have been conducted on sport coaches’ use of game-based approaches (GBA) to coaching, undergraduate sport coaching students’ interpretation of this coaching innovation has been largely overlooked. This article takes a step toward redressing this oversight by reporting on a study that inquired into the influence of the experiential pedagogy used in a course on athlete-centred coaching on students’ beliefs about coaching and their practice. The scholarship of teaching study adopted a constructivist grounded theory methodology to focus on five undergraduates in a sport coaching program with data generated through a series of three interviews with each participant. This study concludes that the experience-based course design was effective in influencing undergraduate students’ beliefs about coaching and their practice outside university.