Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Shocks, Poverty Traps, and the Degradationof the Social Capital Base of Pastoralism: A Case Study from Southern Ethiopia

The long-term effects of shocks are examined in the context of a traditional pastoral community. The impacts are empirically examined in connection with the micro-level poverty trap hypothesis and the associated minimum poverty threshold estimates reported in previous studies. We argue that these estimates cannot be taken as definitive and the core explanations behind them are incongruent with the institutional realities of the pastoral community for which they are reported. The reality is that shocks have implied long-term community-wide deprivation with a lasting effect of deterioration in the indigenous capacity to cushion those who slide into permanent destitution. This is evident in the empirically identified increasing loss of confidence in the indigenous social support structures. The findings rather highlight the need for policy interventions to focus on system level community-wide development issues rather than the commonly emphasized individual targeting implied by such exercises as asset-based poverty threshold estimates.
ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLIDS (STERNORRHYNCHA: PSYLLIDAE) AND GREENING DISEASE OF CITRUS: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK IN FLORIDA

Abstract The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, was discovered in Florida in 1998. It can be one of the most serious pests of citrus if the pathogens that cause citrus greening disease (huanglongbing) are present. Citrus greening recently has been reported in Brazil by Fundecitrus, Brazil. The establishment of D. citri in Florida increases the possibility that the disease may become established. Diaphorina citri can be separated from about 13 other species of psyllids reported on citrus. The biology of D. citri makes it ideally suited to the Florida climate. Only two species, D. citri and Trioza erytreae (del Guercio), have been implicated in spread of citrus greening, a disease caused by highly fastidious phloem-inhabiting bacteria. The disease is characterized by blotchy mottle on the leaves, and misshapen, poorly colored off-tasting fruit. In areas where the disease is endemic, citrus trees may live for only 5-8 years and never bear usable fruit. The disease occurs throughout much of Asia and Africa south of the Sahara Desert, on several small islands in the Indian Ocean, and in the Saudi Arabian Peninsula. Transmission of citrus greening occurs primarily via infective citrus psyllids and grafting. It is transmissible experimentally through dodder and might be transmitted by seed from infected plants and transovarially in psyllid vectors. Citrus greening disease is restricted to Citrus and close citrus relatives because of the narrow host range of the psyllid vectors. Management of citrus greening disease is difficult and requires an integrated approach including use of clean stock, elimination of inoculum via voluntary and regulatory means, use of pesticides to control psyllid vectors in the citrus crop, and biological control of psyllid vectors in non-crop reservoirs. There is no place in the world where citrus greening disease occurs that it is under completely successful management. Eradication of citrus greening disease may be possible if it is detected early. Research is needed on rapid and robust diagnosis, disease epidemiology, and psyllid vector control.
Insecticidal activities of essential oils from some cultivated aromatic plants against spodoptera littoralis (boisd)

Medicinal plant species were tested for their fumigant activity against Spodoptera littoralis third instar larvae. Responses varied according to plant species and parts used. For the present investigation, volatile oils were obtained from: Foeniculum vulgare (flowers and seeds), Coriandrum sativum (seeds), Daucus carota (flowers), Pelargonium graveolens (leaves and flowers), Origanum ma- jorana (leaves and flowers), and Salvia officinalis (leaves). Fumigant activity was observed after 24 hours of exposure. All essential oils were proved to be toxic to the third instar larvae. However, the highest mortality was observed in the essential oil of S. officinalis leaves, C. sativum seeds, F. vulgare seeds, D. carota flowers, and O. majorana leaves with LC 50 = 23.050 µl/l air, 68.925 µl/l air, 95.075 µl/l air, 99.300 µl/l air, and 100.925 µl/l air, respectively. Other oils showed an LC 50 between 101 and 183 µl/l air.
A Framework for Monitoring Community Impacts of Tourism

This paper describes a framework which has been designed for a comparative study of the social impacts of tourism in destination communities along the eastern seaboard of Australia. As this part of Australia is experiencing the most rapid population growth and at the same time encompasses the focus of tourist activity in the country, it is expected that the tension between tourism and urban development demands will become more pronounced in the future.Theframework is tested through an application to a case study involving one of Australia s most well known seaside resorts, the Gold Coast. While the Gold Coast survey of resident reactions revealed some relationships between variations in perceptions of tourism s impacts and background characteristics such as involvement in tourism, residential proximity to tourist activity and period of residence, the most notable feature of resident reactions in this case is the generally positive view of tourism s role in the region. It is therefore concluded that the al.
Evaluation of the potentialities of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum Linn. towards environmental and industrial perspectives through microbial exploitation.

Nature has its own machinery to regulate spontaneous interaction between biotic and abiotic factors of its own to provide back up for self stability and sustainability. The plant microbe interaction is a biotic interaction the resultant of which has immense role to resolve different environmental issues. It also has some fruitful effect for welfare of human beings. The present article deals with at what extent the biotic interaction between the essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum and microbial resources from the natural environment could be exploited in respect of environmental as well as industrial perspectives.
Assessing the impact of research on policy: a literature review

Understanding the impact of research on policy is a vital, and often overlooked, element of policy-making. A systematic literature review was conducted to examine methods for evaluating the impact of research on policy outcomes. The review focused in particular on strategic policy levels (rather than implementation) and waste, environment and pollution policy. The review draws on an international literature, although it is limited to English language publications. The findings identify the different methods used, the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches and the methods that are most effective (particularly in terms of cost). The field of research impact evaluation is currently experiencing rapid development, and there is scope to develop and apply new conceptual frameworks and innovative methods for evaluation, and to conduct and publish more research impact evaluations.
Fishery of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) in the Indian EEZ with special reference to their biology and population characteristics

The fishery and population characteristics of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares were monitored during 2006-'10. They were being caught as bycatch along the coasts of Indian mainland and island territories by several coast-based fishery for a long time. Their landings by coast-based fishery was very nominal (4,171 t year-1 average for 1985-2000) with considerable annual fluctuations until targeted fishery for the species developed during the last decade. This resulted in considerable improvement in landings to a peak of 37,963 t in 2007. The production declined thereafter due to shift in the target resource of these vessels from yellowfin tuna to billfishes and elasmobranchs. The annual average catch by Indian flagged “letter of permit” (LOP) vessels during 2006-'10 was 85,928 t. The coast-based fishery exploit mainly surface tunas in the outer shelf, adjacent oceanic areas and seamounts. At national level, the pooled catch was supported by 22 - 202 cm fishes with 66.3 cm as annual mean. Relatively large fishes of 40 to 202 cm with 83.4 cm as mean length and dominated by 58-102 cm groups supported the catch in line fishery. The gillnet fishery comprised 22 to 123 cm fishes dominated by 44-82 cm size and other gears landed 26 to 110 cm size fishes dominated by 42 to 80 cm size. Length at capture was 44.8 cm in gillnets, 60.3 cm in hooks and lines and 42.7 cm in other gears. The length at first maturity was 57.6 cm and optimum length for exploitation was 61.1 cm. They spawn round the year with peak during August-January. The mean relative fecundity was 4,36,330 ova per kg body weight and it varied with size of the fish. Study shows that stock of yellowfin tuna in Indian waters remain very healthy with large proportion of spawning stock biomass. Exploitation range of coastal based fishery being very limited and LOP vessels fishing mainly in international waters, large area of Indian EEZ remain unexploited by the country. Overall assessment of fishery scenario indicates possibility of large proportion of yellowfin tunas, especially larger ones remain inaccessible to Indian fishers and hence considerable scope for expanding the fishery.
Impact of liver damage on the histoarchitectural profile of the cerebellar cortex in rats

Aim: This study described the histopathological profil e of the cerebellar cortex and liver of rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage. Methods: Male Wistar rats weighing about 250 g were divide d into 2 groups (A and B). Group A (control) rats were treated with olive oil (OO) solution only while Group B rats were treated with carbon te trachloride (CCl 4) for 8 weeks. Thereafter, the cerebellum and liver of the rats were processed and stained with cresyl fast violet and H&E, respective ly, for histopathological examinations of the cerebellar cortex and liver. Result: Histopathological analysis shows cortical necrosi s, uneven neuronal loss with varying range of vacuolations in the cere b llar cortices and moderate vascular congestion and extensive cytoplas mic damage on the hepatocytes of the CCl 4 treated rats. Conclusion: There is of loss of hepatic function in the CCl 4 treated rats.
Restoration management for spatially and temporally complex Californian grassland

Author(s): Spiegal, Sheri; Larios, Loralee; Bartolome, James W. ; Suding, Katharine N. | Abstract: Introduced species from the Mediterranean dominate plant cover of the Californian grassland, but more than one thousand native species persist at low abundance or may be locally absent. Efforts to successfully increase native abundance are complicated by the spatial and temporal complexity of the system. Highly variable rainfall, topography, and soils result in large differences in species composition across space and time. Managers must deal with this variability to carry out effective restoration. We present a conceptual management toolkit containing five steps to better organize variability, predict suitable restoration sites, and select and time treatments. The toolkit relies on the key concepts of ecological site classification, state-and-transition models, and opportunistic adaptive management to help managers achieve their restoration goals.
A Study of the Market Failure in the Financing of High-Tech SMEs and the Governmental Intervention

With the progress of the society, the High-tech SMEs play a more and more important role in the development and innovation of a country. However, the financing of the High-tech SMEs faces a serious market failure, and the government has to intervene. Based on this, this article analyzes the root which leads to the market failure in the financing of High-tech SMEs from three aspects: serious uncertainty, information asymmetry and externality, and puts forward the concrete policy measures of government intervention and discusses the government failure that exists in the process of governmental intervention. Finally, on the basis of above analysis, this paper puts forward some appropriate policy recommendations.
Nutritional and metabolic profiling of the globe artichoke ('Cynara scolymus' L. 'Capuanella' heads) in province of Caserta, Italy

Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a typical vegetable of the countries of the Mediterranean basin. It produces edible immature flower bud and his cultivation has a great economic importance in Italy, first world producer. In the recent years, local cultivars have been gradually replaced with the modern ones, mostly due to the increasing demand of early products for the large-scale retail trade. The valorization of local resources, such as specific cultivars useful in productive processes, may contrast this tendency. In this framework, the aim of this research is the nutritional and metabolic characterization of the Cynara scolymus L. 'Capuanella', a typical artichoke of the Campania Region. The nutritional profile (i.e. moisture content, dietary fiber, ash, total proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, total and free amino acids, fatty acid composition, folic acid, C vitamin, total phenolic compounds) of edible immature flower bud of globe artichoke 'Capuanella' was determined and compared to the Italian artichoke nutritional profile reported in the National Institute of Research on Food and Nutrition (INRAN) tables. On a fresh weight basis, the Capuanella artichoke total protein content was higher in comparison with the INRAN tables (3.08 vs. 2.70g/100 g, respectively), whereas essential amino acids were lower in Capuanella with respect to the INRAN values (826.3 vs. 884 mg/100 g, respectively). Among the fatty acids of Capuanella artichoke, the most abundant were the essential n-6 linoleic (55.20 mg/100 g) and palmitic (34.80 mg/g) acids, representing about 72% of the total fatty acids. Ascorbic acid was 13.70 mg/100 g, while folic acid represents 17% of Recommended Dietary Allowance (65.00 µg/100 g). Phenolic compounds were found to be abundant in Capuanella artichoke (1878.21 mg/100 g); in particular, the chlorogenic acid (425.46 mg/100 g) represents about 23% of total phenolic compounds. Finally, as confirmed by the AFLP analysis, the Capuanella artichoke belongs to the “Romanesco” group.
DOES TOURISM POTENTIAL INFLUENCE TOURISM DEMAND IN THE CARIBBEAN

This paper seeks to determine whether in a cross section of 29 Caribbean countries an index of relative tourism potential contributes to the explanatory power of traditional price-income demand models. The index of relative tourism potential is derived from the principal component weights of the common characteristics often associated with tourism potential, that is, tourism penetration, density, investment and promotion. The results provide evidence that confirms the importance of the impact of tourism potential on tourism demand across destinations and suggest that, in the face of tourism maturity, corrective action needs to be aggressive to matter and may be of limited utility given that aspects of tourism potential are beyond the control of policy makers in some destinations in the region.
A Novel Cloud Hybrid Access Mechanism for Highly Sensitive Data Exchange

This paper presents a research contribution from a significant Business-University collaborative Project. The aim of the project is to develop a new disruptive approach for Digital Forensics service provision to enable the creation of new value chains via the Cloud technology. The project is highly complex and multidimensional. The project is concerned with the manipulation and service provision for highly sensitive data via a secure Cloud Service Delivery Platform. This paper reports on one aspect of a long running research program, concerned with Security. The paper presents a relatively novel solution adopted in the project for enhanced security to be implemented as part of the intended Cloud Service Delivery Platform. This solution is a hybrid approach between a Single-Sign-On and Multi-Factor Authentication in Federated Settings. Consideration of implementing this solution in the presence of Multi-Tenancy is also discussed in this paper, An aspect which has not been attempted yet, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. KeywordsCloud Computing, Single-Sign-on; Multi-Factor Authentication; Cloud Federation; Cloud Security, MultiTenancy
ThromboLUX - The First Routine Platelet Transfusion Quality Test

Prior to the ThromboLUX, no single in vitro test existed that could be used individually to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of platelet concentrates for transfusion. As hospitals cannot currently predict effective from ineffective transfusions prior to seeing patient responses, they purchase all platelet products. In North America every year over 3 million platelet transfusions are given to heart surgery, bleeding or cancer patients at a cost of at least 1.5 billion dollars. LightIntegra intends to make platelet quality testing a regular practice in blood banks around the world by making it accessible, affordable, reliable and fast. The ThromboLUX uses the principle of dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determine the kind of particles in the platelet concentrate, how many of the particles exist, and how they respond to temperature stress. The temperature response of platelets was a breakthrough discovery and combined with state-of-the-art laser and optics technology the ThromboLUX addresses the market need to provide a safe, quick and simple diagnostic test for platelet quality and function. Provision of the ThromboLUX results prior to transfusion, will allow hospitals to reduce costs. As fewer ineffective transfusions will occur, and thus fewer repeat transfusions, hospitals will reduce platelet costs as they will only be purchasing ‘good’ platelet concentrates. Additionally, patient care will improve as physicians will no longer have the uncertainty of unsatisfactory transfusion outcome and patients will no longer be exposed to a huge, under-recognized risk. Patient costs will also decrease due to the reduction in the length of hospital stays. The significant cost reduction gained by eliminating the use of ineffective platelets, improved efficiency, and the correlation of the ThromboLUX test results with transfusion outcome are strong incentives for the adoption of ThromboLUX.
A Representative Democracy to Reduce Interdependency in a Multimodel Ensemble

AbstractThe collection of Earth system models available in the archive of phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5) represents, at least to some degree, a sample of uncertainty of future climate evolution. The presence of duplicated code as well as shared forcing and validation data in the multiple models in the archive raises at least three potential problems: biases in the mean and variance, the overestimation of sample size, and the potential for spurious correlations to emerge in the archive because of model replication. Analytical evidence is presented to demonstrate that the distribution of models in the CMIP5 archive is not consistent with a random sample, and a weighting scheme is proposed to reduce some aspects of model codependency in the ensemble. A method is proposed for selecting diverse and skillful subsets of models in the archive, which could be used for impact studies in cases where physically consistent joint projections of multiple variables (and their temporal and spatial characteristics) are required.
NOVEL QUENCH DETECTION SYSTEM FOR HTS COILS

As a part of High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Magnet R&D, small coils are being built and tested to study quench properties in a systematic manner. For this purpose, multi-channel quench detection, fast and slow data logger, current ramp controller and energy extraction system was developed. This system had to be flexible, compact, economical and easy to use. The system is based on LabView and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware from National Instrument.
An Accurate MHD Flux Solutions of a Viscose Fluid and Generalized Burgers' Model fluxwithin an Annular Pipe Under Sinusoidal Pressure

The aim of this work presents the analytical studies of both the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flux and flow of the non-magnetohydro dynamic (MHD) for a fluid of generalized Burgers’ (GB) withinan annular pipe submitted under Sinusoidal Pressure (SP)gradient. Closed beginning velocity's' solutions are taken by performing the finite Hankel transform (FHT) and Laplace transform (LT) of the successivefraction derivatives. Lastly, the figures were planned to exhibition the transformations effects of different fractional parameters (DFP) on the profile of velocity of both flows.
Large Shareholders and Accounting Research

Large shareholders are a potentially very important element of firms’ corporate governance system. Whereas analytical research is typically vague on who these large shareholders are, in practice there are important variations in the types of large owners (and the different types of large owners could play very different governance roles). After briefly reviewing the standard agency cost arguments, in this article I emphasize the heterogeneity of concentrated ownership and in particular focus on the roles of families, institutions, governments, and employee ownership. I also discuss the role of large shareholders in private (i.e., unlisted) firms, where ownership tends to be more concentrated than in publicly traded firms. Finally, I briefly discuss variations in ownership structures across selected countries.
Geometric group sparsity in image analysis

In this project, we consider the sparse approximation problem in redundant dictionaries under structured sparsity constraints. We propose a new framework for modeling structured sparsity that allows encoding structures representing meaningful objects or parts of objects in an image. The main challenge comes from the fact that the orientation, position and size of the structures is arbitrary since an object has the same ’semantic meaning’ as its geometric transformed versions. We propose to model such transformation-invariant structures using graphs where edges encode the relative transformations between the components of an object. Unlike other related approaches, this model allows us to define a whole class of structures by geometric transformations from a template structure. We then propose two greedy algorithms that use this framework to solve the structured sparse approximation problem and we show theoretically and experimentally the benefits of these methods over an approach that uses standard sparsity without any structural priors. We give illustrative examples of these algorithms in pattern recognition and denoising.