Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex, drugs, smokes and booze: What's driving teen trends? Describing and explaining trends in adolescent sexual behaviour, cannabis use, smoking and alcohol use in the early 21st century

iii Acknowledgements . vii Statement of participation . ix Dissemination of findings from this thesis . x Table of contents . xi List of tables . xiv List of figures . xvii Glossary of abbreviations . xx CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Project aim . 1 Public health importance . 1 Current knowledge and evidence gaps . 2 Research questions . 3 Project scope . 4 Methodological orientation . 6 Outline of thesis . 8 CHAPTER 2: ADOLESCENT RISK BEHAVIOUR IN A CHANGING WORLD . 11 What is adolescence? 11 The changing social context . 13 What is adolescent risk behaviour? 24 Why are adolescent risk behaviours of public health concern? 27 The aetiology of adolescent risk behaviour . 29 Conclusion . 45 CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF TRENDS . 47 Introduction . 47 Tobacco smoking . 53
A Javascript Library for Flexible Visualization of Audio Descriptors

Research in audio analysis has provided a large number of ways to describe audio recordings, which can be used for enhancing their visual representation in web applications. In this paper we present fav.js , a Javascript library for ﬂexible visualization of audio descriptors. We explain the proposed design and demonstrate its potential for web audio applications through several visualization examples
Le développement des fonctions exécutives chez les enfants

Cette recension d’ecrits porte sur les facteurs lies a l’enfant et a l’environnement qui permettent d’expliquer le developpement des fonctions executives [FE]. Jusqu’a maintenant, des chercheurs ont montre que le developpement des FE est d’abord influence par des facteurs lies a l’enfant (p.ex. sexe). Toutefois, puisque le cerveau presente une plasticite considerable a la periode prescolaire, l’environnement dans lequel l’enfant evolue est egalement susceptible de l’influencer. Des chercheurs ont d’ailleurs montre que des facteurs lies a la famille (p.ex. qualite des interactions mere-enfant) exercent une influence sur le developpement des FE. Par extension a ces travaux, cet article examine de facon novatrice le lien potentiel entre la qualite des interactions en classe et les FE de l’enfant, des son entree a l’ecole. Plus precisement, cette recension d’ecrits propose d’examiner trois facteurs d’influence permettant de mieux cerner le developpement des FE : ceux lies l’enfant, puis a la famille et au milieu educatif.
Pathways toward Jihadism in Western Europe: An Empirical Exploration of a Comprehensive Model of Terrorist Radicalization

ABSTRACT Islamist terror is one of the most terrifying threats worldwide. However, there is no common model about the mechanisms underlying the complex process of radicalization and research is usually undermined by a lack of empirical data. Therefore, we aimed to compose a comprehensive model of radicalization, and test it empirically collecting and analyzing data on Islamist radicals in Western Europe. In Study 1, police professionals assessed seventy-five subjects under investigation for being in the process of radicalization. In Study 2, data from open source news articles about eighty six radical Muslims were evaluated by psychologists. Specific individual preconditions including young age, male gender, migration background, and biographical cuts were consistently found among radicals. Fueling the actual radicalization process, a gradual increase of individual, group and catalyst processes was observed from early (Study 1) to late stages of radicalization (Study 2). These included pursuing individual needs (transcendence, significance, self-esteem, control); processes in the course of a strong group commitment (group identification, prejudice, polarization, perceived group threat, collective emotions, informative influence); and cognitive adaptions to get increasingly comfortable with applying violence (desensitization, dehumanization). The current work may be a solid basis for further empirical investigations and for creating means of prevention and deradicalization.
Defiling the Church: The Impact of Mmusuo in Akan Conception

Many Christian churches in parts of Ghana dominated by Akans do not allow corpses to be brought inside the church during funerals services. Others face constant and vehement objection when it is done. Cultural differences on the subject have fuelled heated disputes that have led in some cases to severe congregational division. Opposition is often sustained by a culturally biased approach to biblical texts concerning sacredness and defilement as related to Old Testament sanctuary and temple ritual. Particularly, the religious philosophy of mmusuo provides the psycho-emotive motivation from which many Akan Christians vehemently oppose the practice as sacrilegious. It also provides an analytical and rhetorical framework for appropriating various biblical passages relating to religious sacrilege. This paper unpacks this framework and proposes effectively contextualized theology as a means of avoiding such erroneous conflations and resolving the disputes that arise at the interface of African culture and Christian religion, especially in multicultural congregations.
WSN based Automatic Irrigation and Security System using Raspberry Pi Board

In India, a large number of population depend upon agriculture for their livelihood. The ground water levels have come down drastically due to decrease in rainfall and increase in global warming. In the conventional irrigation techniques, farmer has to go to the field regularly for checking the condition of the crops and for watering it. With the improvements in digital and communication technologies, automatic irrigation systems have come into existence. In this paper, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based Automatic Irrigation and Security System using Raspberry Pi is implemented. In the proposed system, Raspberry Pi is used as a Coordinator node (CR node), Arduino as End node device, and nRF24L01 transceiver is used for wireless communication and data transfer between the CR node and end node. Each Arduino node collects the various sensor inputs such as soil moisture, temperature, PIR sensor status sends them wirelessly to Raspberry Pi. Based on the sensor parameters and soil status, the water pump is turned on and the various sensor node values are posted on the webpage using Raspberry Pi web server. Farmer can monitor the status of the field on the webpage. Also, there is an option to turn ON/OFF the water pump manually from the webpage. The PIR sensor and a buzzer are used to protect the crop from the cattle entering the field. The system can reduce the water consumption and wastage of water to the crop. It results in increasing yield and more profit to the farmer.
Getting the rhythm for infant language learning

Young infants are very sensitive to the melody and rhythm of speech (Nazzi et al. 1998). These prosodic cues help to identify lexical and syntactic units in language, and might thereby serve to bootstrap language learning (Morgan 1986). Prosodic cues are often exaggerated in child-directed speech and in songs. I will discuss possible neural mechanisms through which infants can so effectively use prosodic cues for early language learning. I will first describe two infant EEG studies addressing whether word segmentation is easier from a rhythmic stimulus (in song, and in rhythmic compared to arrhythmic speech). Then, I will present a study that looks at the importance of neuronal entrainment in infants for word segmentation. Neurons in the brain process information in a rhythmical way, and can take over the speech rhythm to focus on salient aspects of the input (Lakatos et al. 2008). I will present results of a study in which infants’ neuronal sensitivity to rhythm was assessed at 7.5 months in an EEG experiment (N=108). I will discuss individual differences in infant neuronal entrainment and relate those to speech segmentation ability at 9 months and vocabulary scores at 18 and 24 months. My results will shed light on how children use the music of language for language acquisition.
Reliability of the Functional Reach Test Using a Mobile Pole Versus the Traditional Fixed Ruler

Background: The Functional Reach Test (FRT), which uses a ruler fixed to a wall, has been shown to be a reliable and valid method of evaluating fall risk in seniors and persons with various neurological conditions. However, because of various logistical reasons, the FRT may be underused by therapists in some settings. A novel method of performing the FRT has been proposed using a measuring tape attached to the end of a mobile pole. Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate and compare the interrater reliability of the FRT using both the traditional ruler and the mobile pole method. Research Design: Repeated measures. Method: Twenty-one persons ranging from 77 to 92 years of age from an independent living seniors complex completed both the traditional FRT and the mobile pole FRT. Tests were repeated on the same day by 2 different physical therapists. Result: The FRT using the mobile pole was shown to have moderate-to-excellent intertester reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.827; 95% confidence interval, lower bound 0.561, upper bound 0.931). No significant difference was found between scores obtained by the traditional and the mobile pole versions. Conclusion: Taking into account a relatively small sample, this study suggests that the mobile pole version is a reliable modification of the FRT. Its portability may make it useful to therapists in settings where a ruler fixed to a wall is unavailable or inconvenient.
Collaborative Innovation Online: Entanglements of Making Content, Skills, and Community on a Songwriting Platform

This chapter advances our understanding of collaborative innovation processes that span across organizational boundaries by providing an ethnographic account of idea generation dynamics in a member-initiated online songwriting community. Applying a science and technology studies perspective on processes “in the making,” the findings of this chapter reveal the generative entanglements of three processes of content-in-the-making, skill-in-the-making, and community-in-the-making that were triggered and maintained over time by temporary stabilizations of provisional, interim outcomes. These findings also elucidate interferences between these three processes, particularly when an increased focus on songs as products undermines the ongoing collaborative production of ideas. Regular interventions in the community design were necessary to simultaneously stimulate the three processes and counteract interfering tendencies that either prioritized content production, community building, or skill development, respectively. The authors conclude that firms seeking to tap into online communities’ innovative potential need to appreciate community and skill development as creative processes in their own right that have to be fostered and kept in sync with content production.
MODIFYING TEACHING MATERIAL OF WORD MAP TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT OF DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH

The research is conducted in order to find out the problems the students face in the implementation of modified word map in teaching writing; to find out whether the significant differences on students’ writing skill before and after the implementation of modified word map; and to find out how can the implementation of modified word map affect students’ writing skill. This is a quasi-experimental research with one group pre-test post-test design. It applies the modified word map on students’ writing achievement. The samples, who were taken purposively, are 30 Junior High School students of the seventh grader. The instruments used in this study were writing test and interview. The validity of the two instruments were based on content and construct validity. The reliability of the instruments were using inter-rater reliability. The data were analyzed both of quantitatively and qualitatively. The result of the research show that the implementation of modified word map is effective to increase student's writing skill. Students’ writing skill after using modified word map is increased. Based on the calculation, the mean of the pretest score was 66.90 and the posttest mean score 73.90. The result of calculation shows that sig (2 tailed) is 0.000. It means that sig<α (p<0.05; p=0.000). Therefore H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted which means that there is difference on students’ writing skill before and after the implementation of modified word map and there is significant improvement between pretest and posttest. Thus, the process of word map modification in teaching writing is effective in teaching writing especially in promoting the aspect of vocabulary. The implementation of modified word map affects students’ writing skill. Hence, the original versions of word map are in a random not in simple one and only focus on vocabulary teaching.
Examination of Critical Thinking Standards and Academic Self-Efficacy of Teacher Candidates as a Predictor of Metacognitive Thinking Skills through Structural Equation Modelling

The aim of this research is to examine the structural relationships between metacognitive thinking skills, critical thinking standards and academic self-efficacy of teacher candidates. The research was carried out according to the relational survey method and structural equation modelling was done in the analysis of the data. The data of the study were obtained from 244 teacher candidates. Personal information form, Critical Thinking Standards Scale, Metacognitive Thinking Scale and Academic Self-Efficacy Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. The findings of the research show that the teacher candidates have a positive moderate relationship between critical thinking standards and metacognitive thinking skills. There appears to be a positive low level of relationship between critical thinking standards and academic self-efficacy. There appears to be a positive moderate relationship between metacognitive thinking skills and academic self-efficacy. Various suggestions have been made to investigators and researchers in the findings obtained from the research.
Learning to Teach Emergent Bilinguals: Mainstream Preservice Secondary Teachers in Student Teaching

Learning to Teach Emergent Bilinguals: Mainstream Preservice Secondary Teachers in Student Teaching Fenglan Nancy Yi-Cline Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Manka M. Varghese, Ph.D. College of Education Curriculum and Instruction This qualitative collective case study investigates how mainstream preservice secondary teachers in a university-based program learn to teach emergent bilinguals in their student teaching. Despite the facts that emergent bilinguals are the fastest growing but lowest performing student population in the U.S. and secondary emergent bilinguals are disproportionately represented in national rates of dropout and academic failure based on national testing results and statistical data, a large percentage of mainstream classroom teachers are underprepared to work with them. My dissertation captures what culturally and linguistically sustaining pedagogical tools mainstream preservice secondary teachers appropriate during student teaching; explores how they perceive the impact of their teacher preparation program and their student teaching experience on their learning to teach emergent bilinguals; and investigates what factors shape and influence their enacted practices in relation to emergent bilinguals during their student teaching. Drawing on literature from schooling of emergent bilinguals at the secondary level, culturally sustaining teaching, linguistically responsive teaching, and teacher learning, the study takes a sociocultural approach and proposes a Culturally and Linguistically Sustaining Teacher Learning Framework. Through interviews and participant observations of preservice teachers’ student teaching, this empirical study is situated in the broader contexts of teacher education program and the placement school. The findings present factors that provide affordances to preservice teachers’ learning: 1) the explicit English Language Learner coursework and workshop series; 2) the ELL expertise of mentor teachers, university supervisors, and university faculties; 3) characteristics of opening-mindedness, learner stance, and readiness to collaborate in mentor teachers and preservice teachers, and 4) practicum components where preservice teachers work with emergent bilinguals while receiving ELL focused coaching. Factors that constrain preservice teachers’ learning include fragmentation of ELL curriculum in teacher education program, the isolation of ELL specialists from mainstream teachers in placement school, and the weak bridge between teacher preparation program and the placement school, and between theory and practice. This study calls for explicit and coherent culturally and linguistically sustaining curriculum and pedagogy in teacher preparation program, more collaboration between ELL and mainstream teachers both at university preparation programs and placement schools, and a closer bridge between teacher education program and the placement school.
Professionalism and leadership in medical education: how do they differ and how are they related?

It is widely accepted that both professionalism and leadership are important in medicine and in recent years have been defined and mandated by the General Medical Council (GMC). 1–3 Yet, the definitions of each are complex, vary between cultures and will almost certainly continue to be debated. Both are social constructs and there is undoubtedly a close association and significant overlap between the two. So how do we see the relationship between ‘professionalism’ and ‘leadership’? Are they identical twins, sharing DNA which makes it impossible to differentiate between them in anything but name? Or siblings who share some characteristics but remain, at their heart, individuals pursuing separate identities, personalities and demanding semantic interpretations which are distinctly different? Few would argue that professionalism and leadership share a value set which overlaps in many areas, explained clearly by reference to inarguable principles of sound behavioural qualities which might be characterised either as leadership or professionalism.4 To be an effective leader in health, you need to demonstrate high standards of professionalism in all your roles. The GMC defines excellence in professionalism through a range of descriptors and desired competencies.1 They include being able to work collaboratively in teams and with patients, giving and responding to feedback, dealing effectively with stress, challenge and uncertainty, prioritising time well, ensuring a good home–work balance, promoting patient safety, working ethically and managing your own learning and development. Leadership includes all of these, while shifting the focus beyond the direct delivery of high-quality patient care by individuals and teams. In a way leadership is about ‘taking professionalism outwards’. Being an excellent leader involves seeing and acting on opportunities and influencing and bringing others with you to improve quality within the wider healthcare environment. Leadership requires individuals to understand healthcare and political systems and to build on …
Construct validity of the WISC–IV Italian edition: A bifactor examination of the standardization sample: Chi niente sa, di niente dubita

ABSTRACT This study utilized confirmatory factor analyses to examine the latent factor structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition, Italian adaptation (WISC–IV Italian) standardization sample. One through five, oblique first-order factor models and higher-order as well as bifactor models were examined and compared using CFA. The bifactor model provided the best explanation of the scale’s factor structure. Across all models, general intelligence accounted for the largest amount of explained common variance, with group factors accounting for nonsignificant and trivial amounts of explained common variance. Omega-hierarchical subscale coefficients indicated that unit-weighted composites that would be generated by group factors would contain miniscule unique variance and therefore be of little clinical utility. Results are consistent with numerous empirical studies examining other European adaptations of the instrument and are at odds with the model put forward by the publisher. Clinicians who use the WISC–IV Italian adaptation are warned against attempting to interpret factor index scores independent of general intelligence.
Uncanny but not confusing: Multisite study of perceptual category confusion in the Uncanny Valley

Android robots that are close, but imperfect, likenesses of humans can provoke negative feelings of dislike and eeriness in humans (“Uncanny Valley” effect). We investigated whether category confusion between the perceptual categories of “robot” and “human” contributes to Uncanny Valley aversion. Using a novel, validated corpus of 182 images of real robot and human faces, we precisely estimated the shape of the Uncanny Valley and the location of the perceived robot/human boundary. To implicitly measure confusion, we tracked 358 subjects’ mouse trajectories as they categorized the faces. We observed a clear Uncanny Valley and a pattern of categorization supporting a perceived categorical boundary. Yet, in contrast to predictions of the category confusion mechanism hypothesis, the Uncanny Valley and category boundary locations did not coincide, and mediation analyses further failed to support a causal role of category confusion. These results suggest category confusion does not explain the Uncanny Valley effect.
Work experience at height suppressed the effect of dynamic visual input on postural sway when static visual cues were visible

Background:Balance skills are challenged at the roofing worksite by dynamic visual cues in the form of clouds and trees that move with the wind; any instability may result in a fall from height.Aim:To determine if roofers are less susceptible to a dynamic visual surround (moving room) when stationary cues were available, relative to people who do not work in a similar environment.Methods:Forty male adults participated, including young roofers (N=10,26.3 years), middle-aged roofers (N=10,50.6 years), young controls (N=10,26.2 years) and middle-aged controls (N=10,55.1 years). Center of pressure root mean square (APRMS) was assessed during quiet standing and four moving room conditions when stationary cues were:(1)not in place,(2)in the foreground (inside the moving room),(3)in the background (outside the moving room, but still visible) and (4)in the foreground and background. Results:A workgroup by visual cue interaction was observed (p=0.032), where roofers had up to 18% lower APRMS relative to controls when the background references were in place. The interaction effect was independent of age. Interpretation:The roofers were able to suppress visually-induced postural sway when stationary visual cues were present in the background, likely due to the severe consequences for loss of balance when working at height. The suppression was maintained in aging workers.
Análisis basados en n-gramas para la clasificación del nivel de Burnout en académicos universitarios

In this paper we present a study of stress level using a set of open comments written by university professors employing natural language processing techniuqes. The approach uses a classiﬁcation algo-rithm and feature analysis based on word n-grams. We show the results obtained in two experiments: 1) The impact of increasing the n-gram size in the classiﬁcation process, and 2) An analysis of the degree of separation of two clases: one with low and another with high level of Burnout. The obtained results show a classiﬁction accuracy close to 60% when using three classes (high, medium and low level of Burnout), whereas, that percentage increases to 79% when we employed only two classes (high and low level of Burnout).