Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viscous drops rolling on a tilted non-wettable solid

A viscous liquid drop sliding down an inclined solid that it partially wets runs all the faster since it is large. Here we examine what happens in the limit of very high contact angles, on a so-called super-hydrophobic surface. It is shown that a droplet rolls instead of sliding, which leads to a surprising law for the velocity as a function of the drop radius: the smaller the droplet, the larger the running velocity. A recent model of Mahadevan and Pomeau allows us to propose an explanation for this paradoxical behaviour.
A Renewed Analysis of Cheating in Contests: Theory and Evidence from Recovery Doping

In rank-order tournaments, players have incentives to cheat in order to increase their probability of winning the prize. Usually, cheating is seen as a technology that allows individuals to illegally increase their best potential performances. This paper argues that cheating can alternatively be seen as a technology that ensures that the best performances are reached more often. We call this technology recovery doping and show that it yields new insights on the effects of cheating: recovery doping lowers performance uncertainty, thereby changing the outcome of the contest in favour of the best players. We develop this theory in a game with player heterogeneity and performance uncertainty and then study the results of the cross-country skiing World Cup between 1987 and 2006. In line with our theoretical predictions, race-specific rankings were remarkably stable during the 1990s, subsequently becoming more volatile. This pattern reflects the rise and fall of synthetic EPO and the emergence of blood testing and profiling.
Security Challenges Facing IoT Layers and its Protective Measures

The Internet of Things (IoT) is profoundly affecting people’s routine lives in various fields ranging from petite wearable devices to enormous commercial systems and it has been predicted that in upcoming few years, more than 50 billion devices will become the part of the IoT as many of these applications have already been developed. However, the maintenance of security and privacy is a great challenge that restricts the broad implementation of IoT. As the Internet of Things has no standardized architecture, so various types of attacks occurred on different layers of IoT. Some proficient security methods have already developed to protect the IoT system but not enough, so, there is a dire need to do more. This paper describe the security challenges facing four basic layers of IoT and suggest the protective measures to enhance the reliability and robustness of the IoT. Also, portrays the comparative analysis of security challenges between IoT and traditional network.
A Smooth Gauss-Semi-Markov Mobility Model for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Smooth Gauss-Semi-Markov Mobility Model for Wireless Sensor Networks

Simulation is an indispensable tool in protocol design and evaluation. Typically, simulations of mobile wireless sensor networks rely upon mobility models. This paper presents a smooth Gauss-semi-Markov mobility model (SGM) that can reflect the realistic node movement and has more controllable parameters. Time stationary average speed and uniform spatial node distribution of SGM are proved by Markov process and renewal process theory. Thus, SGM model can be applied to simulation of mobile wireless sensor networks.
Colonisation of newly-opened habitat by a pioneer species, Alvinella pompejana (Polychaeta: Alvinellidae), at East Pacific Rise vent sites

Animal communities on the walls of deep-sea hydrothermal chimneys are distributed in mosaics of patches that may evolve as local environmental conditions change and biological inter- actions develop. Alvinella pompejana Desbruyeres et Laubier, 1980 is one of the first metazoan colonisers of new surfaces created by mineral precipitation, and therefore may be particularly impor- tant in community establishment in active parts of smokers. Here our goal was to investigate the colonisation mechanisms of A. pompejana in new patches and determine whether these mechanisms may influence population structure and reproductive patterns in this species. We deployed a series of TRAC (Titanium Ring for Alvinellid Colonisation) devices at East Pacific Rise (EPR) vent sites to com- pare the size and stage (i.e. reproductive maturity) distribution of A. pompejana individuals between recently colonised patches (TRACs) and established patches (grabbed by submersible). TRACs deployed for short time periods (11 d to 1 mo) were generally colonised by smaller individuals than those found in background populations or in TRACs deployed for longer time periods (>1 mo). Colonists into new patches were a mix of juveniles and individuals that were sexually mature but non-reproductive (i.e. not producing gametes), whereas background population and older patches harboured a mixture of individuals at different stages including reproductive females. Although some individuals may have recruited on TRACs as larvae, the major colonisation process involved was probably immigration of post-larval stages. In long-term TRAC, reproductive females were not reproductively synchronised. In this dynamic environment, reproduction would be triggered by the disturbance/migration processes, explaining the heterogeneity observed in reproductive patterns.
Proteomic analysis of 17-DMAG effects on colon cancer HT-29 cells

Tel: +86-21-37990333-5368 Fax: +86-21-57248073 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG) is an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90) that stabilizes a variety of proteins required for survival of cancer cells. 17-DMAG was developed as chemotherapeutic agents, having an increasing importance in cancer treatment. However, their effect on colon cancer and on the regulated proteins remains largely unknown. In this study, 17-DMAG was used and its effects on colon cancer cell line HT-29 were examined. 17-DMAG can induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 cells in a dose-and timedependent manner. Through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), we detected 19 differentially expressed protein spots in the HT-29 cells after 17-DMAG (1 μM) treating for 24 hours (h) compared with the un-treated. Of which, 2 upand 14 down-regulated non-redundant proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Furthermore real-time RT-PCR showed that 4 differentially expressed proteins were down-regulated in mRNA level with consistent regulation in protein level. Two of them (cortactin (SRC8) and Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A/1B (HSP71) were verified by western blotting to have consistent change with 2DE based proteomic study. In conclusion, we demonstrated that 17DMAG inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis. Moreover, 17-DMAG altered the expression profile of 16 proteins including cortactin and HSP71. This data suggest that SRC8 or HSP71 may be potential HSP90 client proteins and new targets for anti-cancer drug development.
Bounds for Probabilistic Constrained Problems

In this paper we develop four upper bounds for single and joint chance constraints with independent matrix vector rows. The deterministic approximations of the probability constraints are based on the one-side Chebyshev inequality, Chernoff inequality, Bernstein inequality and Hoeffding inequality. Various sufficient conditions under which the aforementioned approximations are convex and tractable are derived. Therefore, we reformulate the chance constrained problems as tractable convex optimization problems based on piecewise linear and tangent approximations allowing to reduce further the computational complexity. Finally, numerical results on randomly generated data are discussed allowing to identify the tighter deterministic approximations.
Butterfly proboscis as a biomicrofluidic system

It looks amazing how butterflies and moths with their thin feeding trunk are being able to sip very thick liquids like nectar or animal extractions. Their sucking ability goes beyond that: one can observe butterflies and moths probing liquids from porous materials like fruit flesh or wet soils. This suggests that the suction pressure produced by these insects is sufficiently high. The estimates based on engineering hydraulic formulas show that the pressure can be greater than one atmosphere, i.e. it can be greater than that any vacuum pump could supply. In this experimental study, the principles of interfacial flows are used to carefully analyze the feeding mechanism of butterflies and moths. We document the feeding rates and proboscis behavior of Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) in different situations: when butterfly feeds from droplets, from vials modeling floral cavities, and from porous materials modeling fruits, wet soils, or dung. Using high speed imaging and simple models, we propose a scenario of butterfly feeding which is based on capillary action. According to the proposed mechanism, the trunk of butterflies and moths works like a fountain pen where the air bubbles play a significant role in controlling fluid flow.
Co-StiCap: System based on Distributed and Tangible User Interfaces to Improve Skills in Children with ADHD

The attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD) has increased considerably in recent years. People who have it experience behavioral problems, learning and self-control in their lives. The therapies performed are based on activities to improve cognitive abilities. Nowadays technology is becoming a tool to facilitate the cognitive stimulation and work of therapists, family, etc. In this paper we present Co-StiCap (Stimulating Collaborative Cognitive Capabilities) is a multi-device system based on Distributed User Interfaces and games aimed at improving the communication and cognitive capabilities in children with ADHD. The system consists of a projector running the main game interface, tangible interfaces based on common objects that we use to interact through a mobile device (which integrates NFC reader) with the main interface. Moreover it has another mobile device application for therapists, which aims to control the process of children and assist in the collaboration and cooperation among them. It has carried out an assessment in order to check the effect of the system and the new technique of interaction among children and families and therapists.
Disentangling non-Gaussianity, bias and general relativistic effects in the galaxy distribution

Local non-Gaussianity, parametrized by fNL, introduces a scale-dependent bias that is strongest at large scales, precisely where General Relativistic (GR) effects also become significant. With future data, it should be possible to constrain fNL = O(1) with high redshift surveys. GR corrections to the power spectrum and ambiguities in the gauge used to define bias introduce effects similar to fNL = O(1), so it is essential to disentangle these effects. For the first time in studies of primordial non-Gaussianity, we include the consistent GR calculation of galaxy power spectra, highlighting the importance of a proper definition of bias. We present observable power spectra with and without GR corrections, showing that an incorrect definition of bias can mimic non-Gaussianity. However, these effects can be distinguished by their different redshift and scale dependence, so as to extract the true primordial non-Gaussianity
highlighted topics Genome and Hormones: Gender Differences in Physiology Invited Review: Cardiovascular protective effects of 17 b -estradiol metabolites

Jackson. Invited Review: Cardiovascular protective effects of 17 b -estradiol metabolites. J Appl Physiol 91: 1868–1883, 2001. —17 b -Estradiol (estradiol), the most abun-dant endogenous estrogen, affords cardiovascular protection. However, in a given cohort of postmenopausal women, estradiol replacement therapy provides cardiovascular protection in only a subset. The reasons for this variable action can only be understood once the mechanisms by which estradiol induces its cardiovascular protective effects are known. Because most biological effects of estradiol are mediated via estrogen receptors (ERs) and the heart and blood vessels contain both ER- a and ER- b , the prevailing view is that ERs mediate estradiol-induced cardiovascular protection. However, recent ﬁndings that estradiol protects against vascular injury in arteries of mice lacking either ER- a or ER- b seriously challenges this concept. Thus other non-ER mechanisms may be operative. Endogenous estradiol is enzymatically converted to several nonestrogenic metabolites, and some of these metabolites induce potent biological effects via ER-independent mechanisms. Therefore, it is conceivable that the cardiovascular protective effects of estradiol are medi- ated via its endogenous metabolites. On the basis of the evidence cited in this review, the cardiovascular protective effects of estradiol are both ER dependent and independent. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence regarding the cardiovascular protective effects of estradiol metabolites and to discuss the cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms involved. estrone;
A context-aware model for human activity prediction and risk inference in actions

Even though human activities may result in injuries, there is not much discussion in the academy of how ubiquitous computing could assess such risks. So, this paper proposes a model for the Activity Manager layer of the Activity Project, which aims to predict and infer risks in activities. The model uses the Activity Theory for the composition and prediction of activities. It also infers the risk in actions based on changes in the user’s physiological context caused by the actions, and such changes are modeled according to the Hyperspace Analogue to Context model. Tests were conducted and the developed models outperformed proposals found for action prediction, with an accuracy of 78.69%, as well as for risk situation detection, with an accuracy of 98.94%, showing the efficiency of the proposed solution. Keywords: activities of daily living, Activity Theory, activity recognition, activity prediction, risk in actions.
Simulation Model of Magnetic Levitation Based on NARX Neural Networks

In this paper, we present analysis of different training types for nonlinear autoregressive neural network, used for simulation of magnetic levitation system. First, the model of this highly nonlinear system is described and after that the Nonlinear Auto Regressive eXogenous (NARX) of neural network model is given. Also, numerical optimization techniques for improved network training are described. It is verified that NARX neural network can be successfully used to simulate real magnetic levitation system if suitable training procedure is chosen, and the best two training types, obtained from experimental results, are described in details. Index Terms — Neural Network, Magnetic Levitation System, Nonlinear Model, Neural Network Training
The influence of two chelating agents used in two different working times on the microleakage of packable composite resin used in post space (in vitro study)

Background: Weakened teeth are not strengthened by the placement of a post but retention of restoration is enhanced by using a post. Restoration with adhesive materials offers many advantages over the use of traditional materials, like transmission of functional stresses across the bonded interface to the peridontium, with potential to reinforce the weakened tooth structure. Cavity preparation and root canal instrumentation leave a layer of debris that covers the walls of the cavity and root canal, known as smear which can be removed with a chelating agent. This in vitro study conducted to evaluate the effect of two different chelating agents used in two different times of application on the microleakage of packable composite resin (Filtek P60 shade) used in post space. Materials and method: Fifty, human, freshly-extracted mandibular premolars were selected. After crown sectioning and conventional endodontic treatment, parallel post spaces 5mm in depth and 2mm in diameter were prepared using pesso burs (LARGO No.6). Then the specimens were randomly divided into five groups as follow: Group1 (control): The post space was filled with packable composite without previous using of chelating agent. Group2 (experimental): The post space was flooded with 17% EDTA for 5 minutes prior filling with packable composite. Group3 (experimental): The post space was flooded with 10% citric acid for 5 minutes prior filling with packable composite. Group4 (experimental): The post space was flooded with 17% EDTA for 10 minutes prior filling with packable composite. Group5 (experimental): The post space was flooded with 10% citric acid for 10 minutes prior filling with packable composite. After thermocycling and immersion in methylene blue, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally and dye penetration was evaluated using a stereomicrscope, microleakage was recorded in mm. Results: ANOVA test and least significant difference (LSD) test were used to analyze the results and to show the difference between groups. Results expressed statistically highly significant reduction in microleakage value among all groups; with the lowest mean microleakage value was in group5 in which citric acid was used for 10 min., followed by group4 in which EDTA was used for 10 min., followed by group3 in which citric acid was used for 5 min., followed by group2 in which EDTA was used for 5 min., and control group showed the highest microleakage value. Conclusion: From the results of the present study, it is clear that the application of a chelating agent prior using acid etch and adhesive system with composite resin filling material will significantly reduce microleakage value of the restorative material.
Playing to the Crowd: Agenda Control in Presidential Debates

Presidential debates allow candidates to send a message directly to voters. We use an experimental design complemented with a content analysis of all presidential debates in 1992, 2004, and 2008 to explore how candidates should and do use agenda setting, framing, and message tone to shape the agenda in debates. We find that candidates are differentially attentive to various topics, depending on the comparative advantage provided by the topic. Yet, this agenda control occurs only at the margins because topic salience in public opinion predicts candidate attention and conditions voters' receptiveness to debate rhetoric. Our findings thus suggest that topic salience constrains candidates' abilities to focus the agenda strategically. [Supplementary material is available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Political Communication for the following free supplemental resources: Experimental Sample and Randomization; Experimental Treatments; Experimental Results; and the Presidential Debate Rhetoric Codebook. ]
Monitoring the Chemical and Microbiological Changes During Ripening of Iranian Probiotic Low-Fat White Cheese

Problem statement: The objective of this experiment was to manufacture an Iranianlow fat probiotic cheese. Approach: Iranian white brine cheeses (4 trials) were made by varyingprocesses, i.e., lowering the fat content and use of probiotic adjunct culture on separate days. All types of cheeses were ripened at 13°C for 2 weeks and at 6°C to the end of ripering period. Cheeses were analyzed for the compositional, microbiological, color and sensory characteristics and also lipolysis and organic acid profile. The Cheese of each trial was sampled at 1, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days during ripening. Results: Decreasing the fat level resulted in significant increases (p 0.05) between the concentration of L. acidophilus of cheese groups when the fat content of samples was reduced. The rate and extent of lipolysis in the full-fat cheese was higher than in the low-fat control cheese (p<0.05). Results also showed decreasing fat content and addition of adjunct culture to the cheese treatments decreased the acetic and lactic acid contents (p<0.05). Decreasing the fat content of cheese samples and use of both factor in the treatments increased the a* value in the samples. Low fat cheeses received higher flavor and odor scores than full fat cheeses. Also addition of adjunct culture significantly (p<0.05) decrease the texture score of manufactured cheeses. Conclusion: Therefore the results of this study showed that the Iranian probotic low fat cheese is a functional food. It has better flavor and odor than normal cheese and can be used in many cases like as heart disease and obesity.
Application of Granular Computing Paradigm in Knowledge Induction

 Abstract — This paper illustrates an application of granular computing approach, namely rough set theory in data mining. The paper outlines the formalism of granular computing and elucidates the mathematical underpinning of rough set theory, which has been widely used by the data mining and the machine learning community. A real-world application is illustrated, and the classification performance is compared with other contending machine learning algorithms. The predictive performance of the rough set rule induction model shows comparative success with respect to other contending algorithms.
A Mixed-Method Analysis of an Equine Complementary Therapy Program to Heal Combat Veterans

There are more than 500,000 veterans who participated in various US military wars over the past 60 years who suffer from symptoms diagnosed as PTSD and traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is becoming clear that military personnel exposed to combat operations are at an increased risk for PTSD [1]. According to Makinson & Young [2], “PTSD is a mental disorder characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms due to environmental exposure to a psychologically stressful event such as war, natural disaster, or sexual victimization”. The DSM-5 handbook describes intrusion symptoms, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alteration in alertness and negativity [3]. Intrusion symptoms include the reoccurrence of the event in thoughts, dreams, illusions, or flashbacks. Those suffering from PTSD will also avoid thoughts and feelings connected to the event/people or places that trigger recollections of the trauma and possess negative alterations to include negative beliefs about oneself, diminished interest in social activities, or detachment from others. Veterans will express alteration in alertness and activity and exhibit irritable behavior, insomnia, and hypervigilance. Most importantly is that veterans who suffer from the impacts of PTSD experience an overall impairment in their day-to-day living.
School of Economic s and Finance Common and Country Specific Economic Uncertainty

We use a factor model with stochastic volatility to decompose the time-varying variance of Macroeconomic and Financial variables into contributions from country-specific uncertainty and uncertainty common to all countries. We find that the common component plays an important role in driving the time-varying volatility of nominal and financial variables. The cross-country co-movement in volatility of real and financial variables has increased over time with the common component becoming more important over the last decade. Simulations from a two-country DSGE model featuring Epstein Zin preferences suggest that increased globalisation and trade openness may be the driving force behind the increased cross-country correlation in volatility. JEL Codes: C15,C32, E32