Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microdialysis Sampling, Electrochemical Detection and Mass Spectrometry of Carbohydrates in Monitoring Bioprocesses

This thesis addresses; (1) the microdialysis experiment, application and methodology to maximise its performance when sampling from enzymatic bioprocesses, (2) electrochemical detection and electrochemical oxidation of carbohydrates on Au as well as Cu electrodes in alkaline solutions, and (3) coupling and maximising the performance of a microdialysis sampling based high performance anion exchange chromatography-integrated pulsed electrochemical detection-mass spectrometry system. Studies were carried out to investigate the effect of temperature, analyte as well as biomatrix complexity, analyte concentration, permeability factors, protein(enzyme)-membrane interaction and membrane material on the performance of microdialysis sampling. The performance data, as indicated by the extraction fraction, was correlated with membrane characteristics as reflected by their SEM micrographs in the dehydrated state. The performance of the membranes appeared not to be significantly affected by continuously sampling at 90°C, for up to 24 h. All membranes showed some degree of interaction with enzymes (and biomatrix), and the subsequent decrease in performance was associated with the so-called Andrade effect. A method for the in-situ modification of microdialysis membranes by surface coating with PEI, in view to coimmobilise PEI-PEG so as to suppress membrane-protein interaction was developed. Microdialysis sampling, continuous flow as well stopped flow modes were employed for sampling during the characterisation of hydrolytic properties of enzymes and enzyme substrates. The IPED monomer and molar unit sensitivity was investigated for manno- and maltooligasaccharides. As the results indicated to a homologous series dependent response, electrochemical oxidation studies were carried out on fresh as well as modified Cu RDE in order to evaluate n and k values, and compare these to those obtained for Au. Electrochemical oxidation mechanism for monosaccharides on Cu, was found to be different from that reported on Au. The oxidation of hexoses proceeded with a passage of 12 electrons, but that of disaccharides, appeared to be oxide dependent as 2-18 electrons were observed. MS was used for the qualitative evaluation of saccharides during the enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat starch. A membrane desalting device, employing water as the regenerant was used to desalt up to 600 mM Na+ from the chromatographic effluent. (Less)
Intracranial EEG Evaluation of a Resting State Network

Th e study of brain networks is based, to a large extent, on pairwise measurements of relationships. Such pairwise relationships can be estimated from brain electrical activity measured from the scalp with routine EEG, from intracranial electrodes during monitoring for epilepsy surgery, or with functional MRI (fMRI) measurements. Here we focus on the study of brain networks through the measurement of pairwise relationships in brain electrical activity as measured by intracranial EEGs. Intracranial EEG data from 11 patients were tested for the presence of relationships which would conﬁ rm or disconﬁ rm the presence of a resting state network which has previously been observed with fMRI. Mutual information was used as a measure of relationship.
Computation Of Hydrogen Bond Basicity As A Descriptor In Bioisosterism: A Quantum Chemical Topology Perspective.

Hydrogen bonding is a regularly occurring non covalent interaction in biological systems. Hydrogen bonding can influence a drug? s interaction with its target. It is therefore important to practically measure the relative strengths of hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bond basicity is a measure of a hydrogen bond acceptor? s capacity to accept hydrogen bonds. There are many hydrogen bond basicity scales. However, the pKBHX scale is claimed to be the most relevant to medicinal chemists because it gives a thermodynamically deducible values for each site in polyfunctional bases. A computed property, the change in energy of the hydrogen bond donor hydrogen bond atom ? E(H), derived from the quantum theory of atoms in molecules has been found to correlate strongly with pKBHX values for OH and NH hydrogen bond donors. In particular, R2 values of 0.95 and 0.97 have been found when methanol and methylamine respectively are used as hydrogen bond donors. The property ? E(H) has also been successfully used to predict the pKBHX values of an external data set and the values of polyfunctional bases. The strength of the correlations are not dramatically affected by using scaled down fragments of bases, or by relaxing the convergence criteria during the geometry optimisation step of calculations. The relationship between ? E(H) and pKBHX has been found to break down for tertiary amines, and more generally for strong proton acceptors with pKBH+ values greater than 6. The successful pKBHX prediction model was, however, unsuccessful in predicting drug binding data and pKBHX values of bases that accept two separate hydrogen bonds. At this moment in time both the reason why the relationship between pKBHX and ? E(H) is present and then breaks down for strong proton acceptors is unfortunately unknown.
Air pollution : an introduction

Introduction Air pollutants and their sources: Units for expressing pollutant concentration: conversion between gravimetric and volumetric units correction for non-standard temperature and pressure. Natural constituents of air. Anthropogenic emissions: sulphur emissions nitrogen oxide production ammonia nitrous oxide volatile organic compounds methane carbon monoxide. Primary emissions summary. Ozone production: ozone reduction. The free troposphere. Particles: particle sizes particle sources reduction of primary particle emissions secondary particles. Other air pollutants. Emission inventories. Further reading. The impact of motor vehicles on air quality. Motor vehicles as pollution sources. Specific pollutants. Reduction of motor vehicle emissions. Emisson calculations: effect of engine temperature effect of operating mode national field fleets petrol composition polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzene. Diesel vs petrol: particles from deisels. Effect of control measures. Furter reading. Dispersion in the atmosphere. Meteorological factors: wind direction windspeed atmospheric stability. Dispersion theory: co-ordinate system fickian diffusion plume equation assumptions of the Gaussian model. Plume rise: buoyant rise in the unstable/neutral atmospheres buoyant rise in stable atmospheres. The effect of vertical constraints: reflection at the ground reflection at inversion. Estimating stability: occurence of Pasquill classes estimates of Versions of the Gaussian equation. Worked example of Gaussian dispersion. Dispersion theory in practice: field measurements in the UK predictions for planning purposes recent developments. Dispersion of vehicle emissions. Further reading. Concentrations and deposition. Gaseous pollutants: measurement networks patterns of occurrence air quality informatio from the DoE. Particulate matter. Dry deposition of gases: deposition velocity resistance. Wet deposition: rainfall dry reactions wet reactions cloudwater deposition. Total deposition and budgets: emissions, depositions and concentrations across Britain and Europe. Particle deposition: sedimentation Brownian diffusion impaction and interception. The global picture. Further reading. Measurement of gaseous air pollutants. Methods of describing pollutant concentration. Sampling requirements. Sampling: pumped systems pre-concentration grab sampling. Concentration measurement. Measurement methods: wet chemicl methods real-time pumped systems real-time remote systems passive samplers gas chromatography liquid chromatography optical spectroscopy. Quality control: blanks calibration. Further reading. Airborne particles and their measurement. Particle size distributions. Particle sampling: isokinetic sampling. Measurement methods: filtration British standard smoke method high-volume sampler size fractionization optical methods beta-attenuation resonating microbalanc
Electrogenesis and contractility in skeletal muscle cells

Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing electrogenesis and contractility in skeletal muscle cells as the reading material.
Erratum: “Determination of the d-Tensor Components of a Single Crystal of N-Benzyl-2-methyl-4-nitroaniline”

Linear and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a single crystal of N-benzyl-2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (BNA) have been determined. The refractive indices of the crystal were measured in the visible to near infra-red region. The Maker-fringe and phase-matching methods were used to determine the magnitudes of the d-tensor components for the second harmonic generation when excited the crystals at 1064 nm. They were d333=234±31, d322=15.6±0.9, and d311~0 pm/V. The value of d333 is the largest value reported for any yellow-colored NLO materials and suggests that crystals of BNA will be very effective for terahertz wave generation.
Proton ordering and reactivity of ice

Cubic ice Ic is a rarely-observed ambient pressure phase of water implicated in the catalysis of atmospheric reactions. It forms between 160K and 243K, in droplets smaller than 5µm 3µm in diameter. It is metastable with respect to hexagonal ice Ih and is poorly characterised both experimentally and theoretically. The proton ordered ground state for cubic ice has I4­1md symmetry and is named ice XIc. We ﬁnd that the ground state proton ordered conﬁgurations of hexagonal and cubic ice, XI and XIc are isoenergetic. The surface energy of ice is strongly dependent on proton ordering. The “striped” conﬁguration has the lowest surface energy, and clustering of dangling OH bonds increases the surface energy. Cubic ice has a surface energy approximately 10% higher than hexagonal, and is more reactive. Elementary steps on the ice surface reconstruct to lower the step formation energy; undercoordinated molecules on the step edge relax to form an additional hydrogen bond with the lower terrace. We examine ﬁve different steps: the low energy A- and B1 -steps and the high energy B1∗-, B2- and B2∗-steps. Different growth rates for these steps combined with a proton disorder are in part responsible for the isotropic bilayer growth of ice observed by Sazaki et al. Glycolaldehyde, the simplest sugar, has been observed recently in the interstellar medium and in a solar-type protostar. We evaluate two potential mechanisms for its formation on icy dust grains at 10 K, ﬁnding that activation barriers are greatly reduced by the ice surface, and that the most likely route is a reaction between H2COH and HCO radicals, which are formed by the sequential hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.
Endommagement laser en régime nanoseconde dans les couches minces de mixtures d'oxydes métalliques et dans les composants microstructurés

Le phenomene de l'endommagement laser en regime nanoseconde a λ=1064 nm est etudie dans des couches minces de melanges d'oxydes metalliques (Zr, Nb, Hf, Al, Sc) et de silice deposees par pulverisation par faisceau d'ions (IBS) ainsi que dans des composants multicouches microstructures. L'interet est focalise sur la metrologie des seuils d'endommagement et sur la comprehension des mecanismes d'initiation, l'objectif in fine etant le developpement de composants a haute tenue au flux. Nous montrons que le seuil d'endommagement nanoseconde des mixtures croit avec la fraction volumique de silice et avec la largeur de bande interdite comme en regime femtoseconde. Or aux echelles nanosecondes l'endommagement s'initie sur des defauts (precurseurs) absorbants de taille nanometrique : la distribution du champ et des pertes electromagnetiques dans l'empilement du fait de ces defauts, puis les effets thermiques photo-induits jouent un role majeur. La theorie de Mie ainsi qu'une methode basee sur les elements finis (FEM) sont utilisees pour calculer l'absorptivite du defaut et un modele de diffusion de la chaleur permet le calcul de la distribution de temperature photo-induite. On montre qu'une temperature critique Tc dependante de la largeur de bande interdite permet de decrire l'evolution des seuils. La dependance de Tc avec le gap est comparable a celle de la temperature du plasma trouvee dans la litterature. Un modele statistique permet enfin de calculer la probabilite d'endommagement en fonction de la fluence. Les courbes theoriques et experimentales sont comparees, ce qui permet d'identifier les precurseurs comme des defauts a tres forte absorptivite (type metallique) de taille de 5 a 20 nm.
Casein Micelles and their Properties: Polydispersity, Association with Vitamin A and Effect of Ultra-High Pressure Homogenization

Recent studies have shown that re-assembled micelles formed by caseinates and purified casein fractions (αs and β) bind to hydrophobic compounds, including curcumin, docosahexanoic acid (DHA), and vitamin D. However, there has been limited research on the binding of hydrophobic compounds by un-modified casein micelles in skim milk. In the present study, we investigated the ability of casein micelles in commercial skim milk to associate with vitamin A (retinyl palmitate), a fat soluble vitamin commonly used to fortify milk. Milk protein fractions from different commercially available skim milk samples subjected to different processing treatments including pasteurized, ultrapasteurized, organic pasteurized and organic ultrapasteurized milks were separated by Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC). The fractions within each detected chromatograph peak were combined and freeze dried. Silver staining of SDS-PAGE gels was used to identify the proteins present in each of the peaks. The skim milk samples and peaks were extracted for retinyl palmitate and quantified against a standard using normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC). Retinyl palmitate was found to associate with the section of skim milk containing caseins, while the other proteins (BSA, β-Lg, α-La) did not show any binding. The different milk samples contained 2.48, 1.59, 2.23 and 1.82 μg of retinyl palmitate per mL of milk-1, milk-2, milk-3 and milk-4, respectively. The casein sections
Low serum selenium concentrations are associated with poor grip strength among older women living in the community.

Background: Aging is associated with a loss of muscle strength, and, in turn, loss of muscle strength has been associated with increased risk of disability and mortality. Selenium is important in normal muscle function because of its role in selenoenzymes that protect muscle against oxidative damage. Hand grip strength is a good indicator of overall muscle strength, due to its correlation with other strength measures such as knee extension and trunk extension.
Embryologie de la face et dysplasies otomandibulaires

Les dysplasies otomandibulaires regroupent l'ensemble des malformations congenitales qui affectent l'oreille et les mâchoires. La comprehension prealable du developpement normal de l'embryon facilite l'approche clinique et therapeutique des pathologies malformatives. Le developpement des structures cranio-faciales met en jeu des mecanismes dont nous commencons a apprehender la complexite. Dans cette revue de la litterature, l'embryologie de la region otomandibulaire est rappelee. A la lumiere des travaux recents de genetique et d'embryologie experimentale, une approche clinique de la dysostose mandibulo-faciale est envisagee et une mise a jour des hypotheses pathogeniques est proposee.
Evaluation of the salivary function of patients in treatment with radiotherapy for head and neck cancer submitted to photobiomodulation

Background Head and neck radiotherapy is typically associated with toxicities that can have profound effects on the patient's quality of life. Xerostomia, which may or may not be related to hypofunction of the salivary gland, leading to negative consequences, mainly in quality of life, leaving patients more susceptible to the development of oral mucositis, dental caries, oral infection and difficulties in speech is one of the most common side effects of such treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate salivary function of patients in treatment with radiotherapy for head and neck cancer submitted to photobiomodulation. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was carried out in the Dentistry Department of the Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco between February and September 2019. Results The study sample comprised 23 patients of both genders, treated with radiotherapy for cancer in the head and neck region. The patients were submitted to photobiomodulation with infrared laser, as intraoral applications in order to prevent mucositis and extraoral applications to stimulate salivary glands. The applications were undertaken three times a week on alternate days throughout the radiotherapy period. The following parameters were used: Intraoral 15mW, 12J / cm2, 10s / point, 2.4 J / point, and extraoral 30mW, 7.5J / cm2, 10s / point, 0.3J / point, both with a wavelength of 830nm and area of 0. 028cm². Subjective and objective symptoms were evaluated by measuring the unstimulated salivary flow (USF) using the spitting technique before, during and after radiotherapy treatment. For statistical analysis, a significance level of 5% was adopted. Most patients were male (70%) with 60 years of age on average. At the beginning of treatment, 22 patients had USF> 0.2 ml / min (grade 1), at the end of which 15 patients remained unchanged and only 3 patients progressed to grade 3. As for the subjective classification, most (52%) remained in grade 1 (absence of disability) throughout the treatment. Conclusions Based upon the results of this study it was possible to conclude that the use of photobiomodulation did not significantly interfere with the xerostomia complaint of patients in treatment with radiotherapy, however, it does seem to prevent patients from reaching higher degrees of xerostomia taking into account salivary flow measures. Key words:Photobiomodulation, head and neck neoplasms, radiotherapy, xerostomia, saliva.
BCCIP is required for nucleolar recruitment of eIF6 and 12S pre-rRNA production during 60S ribosome biogenesis

Abstract Ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental process required for cell proliferation. Although evolutionally conserved, the mammalian ribosome assembly system is more complex than in yeasts. BCCIP was originally identified as a BRCA2 and p21 interacting protein. A partial loss of BCCIP function was sufficient to trigger genomic instability and tumorigenesis. However, a complete deletion of BCCIP arrested cell growth and was lethal in mice. Here, we report that a fraction of mammalian BCCIP localizes in the nucleolus and regulates 60S ribosome biogenesis. Both abrogation of BCCIP nucleolar localization and impaired BCCIP–eIF6 interaction can compromise eIF6 recruitment to the nucleolus and 60S ribosome biogenesis. BCCIP is vital for a pre-rRNA processing step that produces 12S pre-rRNA, a precursor to the 5.8S rRNA. However, a heterozygous Bccip loss was insufficient to impair 60S biogenesis in mouse embryo fibroblasts, but a profound reduction of BCCIP was required to abrogate its function in 60S biogenesis. These results suggest that BCCIP is a critical factor for mammalian pre-rRNA processing and 60S generation and offer an explanation as to why a subtle dysfunction of BCCIP can be tumorigenic but a complete depletion of BCCIP is lethal.
The Production and Characterisation of High Purity Ozone and Experimental and Modelling Studies of Anomalous Oxygen Isotope Effects in the Formation of Carbon Dioxide from Irradiated Mixtures of Carbon Monoxide and Ozone or Oxygen

The ozone formation reaction O+O2+M→O3+M is a unique example of a chemical reaction that leads to an anomalous isotopic composition of the products, most likely due to symmetry – breaking effects. So far, results on other chemical systems that might show similar effects are spurious, even though such claims concerning reactions other than the formation of ozone have been made repeatedly.This applies in particular to the spin forbidden O+CO+M→CO2+M reaction, where two studies report a mass-independent fractionation of about 8%. Nevertheless, the presence of ozone in these experiments raises questions as to the validity of this assertion. We thus make a new attempt to study the O+CO+M reaction in the photoreactor at CCAR (University of Copenhagen) where reagents and contaminants are monitored on-line by FTIR spectroscopy. This study combined with the analysis of the spectral distribution of the employed lamps and isotope kinetic modeling lead to a complete re-interpretation of previous experiments. We conclude that available measurements are more compatible with the hypothesis that there is no mass-independent isotope fractionation in the O+CO reaction. We propose that all observations can be completely explained by an isotope transfer from ozone, involving photolytic production of O(1D) that in turn leads to OH radicals, which then rapidly form CO2 from reaction with CO. We also present a method to produce pure ozone samples and derive an upper limit on nitrogen oxide contaminations based on mass spectrometer measurements. These values will serve as benchmarks values for future studies of ozone absorption cross sections in the IR and UV.
On the Development of a Novel Contrast Pulse Sequence for Polymer-Shelled Microbubbles

Contrast agents are routinely used in ultrasound examinations. Nonlinear ultrasound imaging techniques have been developed over decades to enhance the contrast between the tissue and the blood pool after the injection of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs). In this study, we introduce a new contrast pulse sequence, CPS4. The CPS4 combines pulse inversion (PI), subharmonic (SH), and ultraharmonic (UH) techniques to remove propagation distortion while capturing the unique SH and UH responses from UCAs. The novel CPS4 and conventional PI, SH, and UH techniques were used to detect the presence of a research-grade, thick-shell, polymer microbubble in a tissue-mimicking flow phantom. The contrast-to-tissue ratios (CTRs) obtained from the applications of all techniques were compared. The results show that the highest CTR of approximately 16 dB was obtained using CPS4, which was superior to the individual reference techniques: PI, SH, and UH techniques, in all scenarios considered in this study.