Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutional Responses to Self-Injurious Behavior Among Inmates

To date, little research has systematically investigated perceptions of mental health professionals regarding motivations for self-injury among prison inmates. To help fill this gap, the authors used descriptive techniques to examine self-injurious behavior among inmates from the perspective of correctional mental health professionals. A quantitative survey assessed perceptions of mental health staff regarding etiology, motivations, and manifestations of self-injury. A qualitative interview component was used to explicate responses from the survey. Inmate cutting, scratching, opening old wounds, and inserting objects were the most commonly witnessed behaviors. Findings suggest that self-injury occurred regularly and that a subset of inmates are responsible for recurrent events. Mental health professionals perceived the motivation for inmate self-injury to be both manipulative and a coping mechanism. They described current management strategies and corresponding needs for training and resources.
Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital-Converter Compensation Using Multichannel Filters

Published methods that employ a filter bank for compensating the timing and bandwidth mismatches of an M-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC) were developed based on the fact that each sub-ADC channel is a downsampled version of the analog input. The output of each sub-ADC is filtered in such a way that, when all the filter outputs are summed, the aliasing components are minimized. If each channel of the filter bank has N coefficients, the optimization of the coefficients requires computing the inverse of an MN times MN matrix if the weighted least squares (WLS) technique is used as the optimization tool. In this paper, we present a multichannel filtering approach for TIADC mismatch compensation. We apply the generalized sampling theorem to directly estimate the ideal output of each sub-ADC using the outputs of all the sub-ADCs. If the WLS technique is used as the optimization tool, the dimension of the matrix to be inversed is N times N. For the same number of coefficients (and also the same spurious component performance given sufficient arithmetic precision), our technique is computationally less complex and more robust than the filter-bank approach. If mixed integer linear programming is used as the optimization tool to produce filters with coefficient values that are integer powers of two, our technique produces a saving in computing resources by a factor of approximately (100.2N(M- 1)/(M-1) in the TIADC filter design.
Clinical management of SIADH

Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolyte disorder and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) accounts for approximately one-third of all cases. In the diagnosis of SIADH it is important to ascertain the euvolemic state of extracellular fluid volume, both clinically and by laboratory measurements. SIADH should be treated to cure symptoms. While this is undisputed in the presence of grave or advanced symptoms, the clinical role and the indications for treatment in the presence of mild to moderate symptoms are currently unclear. Therapeutic modalities include nonspecific measures and means (fluid restriction, hypertonic saline, urea, demeclocycline), with fluid restriction and hypertonic saline commonly used. Recently vasopressin receptor antagonists, called vaptans, have been introduced as specific and direct therapy of SIADH. Although clinical experience with vaptans is limited at this time, they appear advantageous to patients because there is no need for fluid restriction and the correction of hyponatremia can be achieved comfortably and within a short time. Vaptans also appear to be beneficial for physicians and staff because of their efficiency and reliability. The side effects are thirst, polydipsia and frequency of urination. In any therapy of chronic SIADH it is important to limit the daily increase of serum sodium to less than 8–10 mmol/liter because higher correction rates have been associated with osmotic demyelination. In the case of vaptan treatment, the first 24 h are critical for prevention of an overly rapid correction of hyponatremia and the serum sodium should be measured after 0, 6, 24 and 48 h of treatment. Discontinuation of any vaptan therapy for longer than 5 or 6 days should be monitored to prevent hyponatremic relapse. It may be necessary to taper the vaptan dose or restrict fluid intake or both.
COMPARISON OF MEAN PLATELET VOLUME AND SERUM BILE ACID LEVELS IN INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS OF PREGNANCY

SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum bile acid levels (SBA) and mean platelet volume (MPV), a proinflammatory marker and to detect the role of MPV as a marker of fetal well-being in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Material and methods: We compared the biochemical parameters of pregnants with ICP and the control group retrospectively. Results: Pregnants with ICP had statistically significantly higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and fasting SBA levels and the gestational week at delivery was higher in the control group (p 0.05). Mean gestational week at delivery was statistically significantly lower in pregnants with ICP when compared to the control group (37.95 ± 0.92 weeks and 37.25 ± 1.25 weeks, p < 0.05 respectively). Conclusions: There was no relationship between MPV and biochemical parameters used to define ICP. But the rate of preterm delivery increased as SBA levels increased.
MALIGNANT GERM CELL TUMOR OF THE ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM WITH LEUKEMIA‐LIKE INFILTRATION

We present here a rare autopsy case of malignant germ cell tumor with leukemia‐like infiltration of the anterior mediastinum in a 35‐year‐old male. Chest X‐rays revealed an abnormal mediastinum, which was diagnosed as thymoma. During the course of treatment, huge abnormal cells 40–50 μ in size were found in the peripheral blood smear and disseminated bone metastasis of the malignant thymoma was suspected. The tumor was resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient died of respiratory failure. The autopsy disclosed a huge tumor measuring 24x13x10 cm in the anterior mediastinum. Histological findings of the tumor revealed cells which had spread to almost all organs, indicating leukemia‐like infiltration. This pattern of metastasis has been reported in the cancer of non‐hematologic origin under the term “carcinocythemia (CCA)”. To our knowledge, the present case is the first report of a leukemia‐like infiltration in case of malignant germ cell tumor. Careful serial section revealed no primary foci in either testis. ACTA PATH‐OL. JPN. 35: 1561–1570, 1985.
Cardiac output-O2 uptake relation during incremental exercise in patients with previous myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND The cardiac output-O2 uptake (VO2) relation, which is thought to be linear and predictable in normal humans, has not been clarified in cardiac patients. We evaluated the relation between cardiac output and VO2 during the incremental exercise test in patients with previous myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two patients (age, 58.1 +/- 8.0 years) with previous myocardial infarction performed a symptom-limited exercise test on a cycle ergometer. VO2 was calculated from the expired gas analysis, and cardiac output was measured by a computerized cadmium telluride detector every 10 seconds during exercise. The ratio of increase in VO2 to the increase in work rate (delta VO2/delta WR) below and above the anaerobic threshold (AT) was 11.1 +/- 3.6 and 11.1 +/- 2.9 ml/min/W, respectively, showing no significant difference. However, the ratio of increase in cardiac output to increase in work rate (delta CO/delta WR) below the AT was 50.1 +/- 26.6 ml/min/W and was significantly decreased to 11.8 +/- 25.3 ml/min/W above the AT (p = 0.0002). The decreased delta CO/delta WR above the AT primarily would be due to silent myocardial ischemia produced by exercise, as there was the presence of 201Tl redistribution in 15 of 16 patients in whom myocardial 201Tl scintigraphy with dipyridamole or exercise stress testing was evaluated. delta CO/delta VO2, which has been reported to be approximately 5.5 in normal subjects, was only 4.4 +/- 2.6 at work rates below the AT and was decreased to 1.1 +/- 2.3 at work rates above the AT. CONCLUSIONS The relation between cardiac output and VO2 during exercise in patients with previous myocardial infarction differs profoundly from that reported in normal subjects. These findings must be considered when we noninvasively estimate the change in cardiac output during exercise by obtaining VO2 in patients with coronary artery disease.
A detailed source model for the Mw9.0 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake reconciling geodesy, seismology, and tsunami records

The 11 March 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake was recorded by an exceptionally large amount of diverse data offering a unique opportunity to investigate the details of this major megathrust rupture. Many studies have taken advantage of the very dense Japanese onland strong motion, broadband, and continuous GPS networks in this sense. But resolution tests and the variability in the proposed solutions have highlighted the difficulty to uniquely resolve the slip distribution from these networks, relatively distant from the source region, and with limited azimuthal coverage. In this context, we present a finite fault slip joint inversion including an extended amount of complementary data (teleseismic, strong motion, high‐rate GPS, static GPS, seafloor geodesy, and tsunami records) in an attempt to reconcile them into a single better resolved model. The inversion reveals a patchy slip distribution with large slip (up to 64 m) mostly located updip of the hypocenter and near the trench. We observe that most slip is imaged in a region where almost no earthquake was recorded before the main shock and around which intense interplate seismicity is observed afterward. At a smaller scale, the largest slip pattern is imaged just updip of an important normal fault coseismically activated. This normal fault has been shown to be the mark of very low dynamic friction allowing extremely large slip to propagate up to the free surface. The spatial relationship between this normal fault and our slip distribution strengthens its key role in the rupture process of the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake.
Conception et validation d'un contrôleur optimisant la durée de vie et la consommation énergétique d'un actionneur magnétorhéologique

Les actionneurs magnetorheologiques (MR) a glissement continu utilisent une combinaison d'une ou plusieurs sources de couple (p. ex. un moteur electrique rotatif) et d'un certain nombre d'embrayages magnetorheologiques configures en parallele. Ces embrayages, dont le couple transmis est proportionnel au courant qui leur est fourni, agissent en quelque sorte a titre de filtres mecaniques en permettant un controle fin de l'effort transmis, et ce, peu importe l'impedance de la source d'effort. Alors que la plupart des travaux dans la litterature explorent l'impact des choix de conception sur certains indices de performance des actionneurs MR (tel que sa performance dynamique, sa consommation energetique et la longevite du fluide MR), le present document vise a explorer l'impact du choix de la strategie de controle. Les travaux presentes dans ce memoire sont bases sur une etude de cas pour une suspension active de siege de camion. Dans un premier temps, la caracterisation de l'actionneur permet de demontrer ses qualites intrinseques pour une application de suspension active de siege dont une grande compacite, une grande transparence, une bande passante en force elevee (15 Hz) ainsi qu'une force maximale atteignant 1000 N sur tout le debattement du siege. Dans un deuxieme temps, des experiences realisees en laboratoire et sur route demontrent que cette suspension active peut, pour un profil de route raboteuse, reduire les vibrations transmises au conducteur de 66 % par rapport a une suspension passive pour ainsi respecter les limites d'exposition definies par la norme ISO 2631-1. Enfin, la derniere partie des travaux presentes ici detaille une strategie de controle qui permet de reduire d'environ 20 % la consommation energetique et d'allonger de 40 % la duree de vie du fluide de l'actionneur pour une utilisation dans un camion roulant sur une route de carriere de pierre.
Association study of two polymorphisms of the serotonin‐2A receptor gene and suicide attempts

Serotonin (5‐HT) receptors may have a role in suicidal behavior. Previous studies have shown an association between the T102C polymorphism of the 5‐HT2a receptor gene and suicidal behavior. However, negative findings have also been reported. We examined the association between the T102C and C1354T (His452Tyr) polymorphisms of the 5‐HT2a receptor gene and suicide attempts. Four hundred forty‐one suicide attempters, 339 psychiatric patients, and 410 healthy controls were compared for genotypes of the T102C and C1354T (His452Tyr) polymorphisms. There were significant differences in the distribution of the three genotypes (TT, TC, and CC) of the T102C polymorphism in the three groups (controls, psychiatric patients, and suicide attempters). There was an excess of C/C genotypes in the suicide attempter group compared with the control group, but there were no significant differences between suicide attempters and psychiatric controls. We found no association between the C1354T polymorphism and suicide attempts. The C allele of the T102C polymorphism of the 5‐HT2A receptor gene may be associated with biological susceptibility for suicidal behavior or psychiatric conditions. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serial crystallography at synchrotrons and X-ray lasers

Serial crystallography was developed for the use at free-electron lasers but the approach has recently also been adapted to synchrotron sources. Here we discuss how the synergy between the two X-ray sources will facilitate a wide application of the technique in microcrystallography, room-temperature structure determination and time-resolved studies.
Current ripple analysis in a decoupled SVPWM controlled dual two-level inverter fed open-end winding induction motor drive

This paper investigates the SVPWM switching scheme for the dual two-level inverter for generating three-level space vector. The decoupled SVPWM is employed for the dual-inverter scheme in order to realize the reference voltage vector. This paper identifies the error voltage vectors in the dual-inverter scheme by identifying the error voltage vectors of the individual two-level inverters. This paper presents the analytical expression for the rms ripple current in the dual-inverter scheme. The current trajectory is theoretically estimated indirectly using the error voltage vectors in the dual-inverter scheme. The performance is studied analytically and compared with the simulations carried out using Matlab/SIMULINK and finally cross-verified by performing suitable experiments on a 1 kW open-end winding induction motor drive.
Sensitivity characteristics of horizontal and vertical Hall sensors in the voltage- and current-mode

This paper analyses sensitivity of Hall devices in the horizontal and vertical forms operating in the current and voltage-mode. The 2D finite element model (FEM) implemented by COMSOL Multiphysics evaluates sensitivity efficiencies. Different geometries of horizontal and vertical Hall sensor plates have been studied and simulated. Among them, a twin cross-shaped coupled horizontal Hall device and a four-folded three contacts vertical Hall device model displayed the best sensitivity. Simulations results of sensitivity performance, obtained in two different horizontal and vertical shapes, are compared and discussed with state-of-the-art. Simulations show that the current-mode operation shows sensitivity better than 11 %T-1 and 16 %T-1 for cross-shaped horizontal Hall device and four-folded 3-contact vertical Hall device, respectively.
Persistent Functional Atrioventricular Block in Two Patients with Prolonged QT Intervals; Elucidation of the Mechanism of Block

This article describes two infants with prolonged QT interval and intermittent second‐degree atrioventricular block. An asymptomatic 14‐month‐old child with persistent 2:1 atrioventricular conduction since birth underwent electrophysiology study including measurements with a contact monophasic action potential catheter. During 2:1 conduction, atrioventricular block occurred distal to the site of the His‐bundle recording. Monophasic action potential duration was closely related to prior RR intervals. Single premature atrial or ventricular depolarizations during 1:1 conduction followed by a pause, lead to monophasic action potential prolongation and subsequent 2:1 atrioventricular conduction, which was perpetuated by the resulting long RR intervals. Paired premature ventricular contractions or short bursts of ventricular pacing elicited monophasic action potential shortening and subsequent 1:1 atrioventricular conduction that was perpetuated by the resulting short RR intervals. A second infant presented at birth with a prolonged QT interval, ventricular tachycardia, and episodes of second‐degree atrioventricular block with persistent 2:1 atrioventricular conduction. The atrioventricular block was repeatedly elicited by single premature ventricular contractions and terminated by ventricular couplets. We conclude that the atrioventricular block in both patients is functional in nature and results from the interrelationships between ventricular rate, action potential duration, and His‐Purkinje system refractoriness.
The Carboxy-Terminal Tails of Septins Cdc11 and Shs1 Recruit Myosin-II Binding Factor Bni5 to the Bud Neck in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Septins are a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins that form heterooctameric complexes that assemble into higher-order structures. In yeast, septin superstructure at the bud neck serves as a barrier to separate a daughter cell from its mother and as a scaffold to recruit the proteins that execute cytokinesis. However, how septins recruit specific factors has not been well characterized. In the accompanying article in this issue, (Finnigan et al. 2015), we demonstrated that the C-terminal extensions (CTEs) of the alternative terminal subunits of septin heterooctamers, Cdc11 and Shs1, share a role required for optimal septin function in vivo. Here we describe our use of unbiased genetic approaches (both selection of dosage suppressors and analysis of synthetic interactions) that pinpointed Bni5 as a protein that interacts with the CTEs of Cdc11 and Shs1. Furthermore, we used three independent methods—construction of chimeric proteins, noncovalent tethering mediated by a GFP-targeted nanobody, and imaging by fluorescence microscopy—to confirm that a physiologically important function of the CTEs of Cdc11 and Shs1 is optimizing recruitment of Bni5 and thereby ensuring efficient localization at the bud neck of Myo1, the type II myosin of the actomyosin contractile ring. Related article in GENETICS: Finnigan, G. C. et al., 2015 Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of Paralogous Terminal Septin Subunits Shs1 and Cdc11 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 200: 821–841.
Understanding human cancer in a fly?

We wish to thank Dr. Wufan Tao, Nicole A. Theodosiou, and the other members of the Xu laboratory for their invaluable comments and advice. This work is supported in part by grants from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, by the Patrick and Catherine Weldon Donaghue Medical Research Foundation, and by the Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust. M.A.R.S. J. is a Medical Scientist Training Program student.
Molecular Hologram Derived Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship to Predict Gas Chromatographic Relative Retention Time of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

Molecular hologram is a newly developed molecular descriptors. Structure-property relationship based on molecular hologram can correlate quantitatively the property and /or activity of chemicals to their molecular structure compositions described by the substructure fragments and predict the property and /or activity of target chemicals. Based on HQSAR module of SYBYL molecular modeling software, the generation of molecular hologram and the subsequent Partial Least Square regression, QSAR model can be developed automatically and quickly. In this paper, a highly predictive QSAR model based on molecular hologram was derived to predict the Gas Chromatogram Relative Retention Time (GC_RRT) of biphenyl and its 209 chlorinated derivatives.
Influence of olfactory enrichment on the exploratory behaviour of captive-housed domestic cats.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of olfactory stimulation on the exploratory activity of captive-housed domestic cats. METHODS To evaluate the cats' exploratory behaviour, we devised three treatments. We placed a wooden cube (0.027 m(3)) covered with a cloth treated with rat scent on the floor of each cat enclosure (T3). We also used a cloth-covered cube that did not have rat scent (T2) and observed the cats' behaviours in the same area without any object (T1). All cats participated in T1, T2, and T3. All treatments were performed equally and at the same time in two identical enclosures with 11 and 10 cats, respectively. The cats had lived in the enclosures since entering the permanent animal house. We used a continuous recording method associated with focal sampling to analyse the recordings. RESULTS Exploration was induced in the presence of a novel object, the cube, irrespective of whether the object was associated with the scent. In T3, we observed sex differences in exploration time: females spent more time exploring the scent-impregnated cube than males. Female cats also spent more time exploring the scent-impregnated cube than the scent-free cube. Cats in T3 had shorter latency for exploration, spent more time sniffing the ground and rubbing the cube, and had a higher frequency of urine spraying than those in T2. CONCLUSION Although exploratory behaviour was induced by novelty in the form of a new object, significant effects were observed in the presence of the scent, mainly regarding latency to explore, sex differences and sniffing, rubbing and urine spraying.
Retrospective Study on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale as a Predictor of Patient Recovery After Stroke

Background:The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was designed primarily as a research instrument and is used in clinical settings. Its use has not yet been examined as a predictor of patient functional outcomes and prognosis in a community hospital setting. Objectives:The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of baseline NIHSS score in predicting patient functionality and disposition at discharge in a designated stroke center at a community hospital. Methods:The study population included every transient ischemic attack and stroke encounter seen at our community hospital over the past 6 years (n = 2909). Neurological impairment at baseline was quantified using the NIHSS score on the patient’s arrival. Outcomes included the patient’s discharge disposition (expired or alive) and ambulatory status at discharge. Results were adjusted for age, gender, race, and stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetes, and hypertension history. Analysis was done using R-based statistical tools. Results:Baseline NIHSS score was a strong predictor of both patient discharge disposition and ambulatory status. After adjusting for confounding factors, with every 1 point increase in the stroke scale at baseline, there was a 2.3 times increased likelihood of mortality and 3 times increased likelihood in worsening of ambulatory function. Conclusions:In our community hospital setting, the NIHSS score was found to be a strong predictor of patient recovery after stroke. The NIHSS score at baseline may be important for clinicians to consider before patient management decisions and counseling.