Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weak least-squares approaches for the 2D Navier-Stokes system

We analyze a least-squares approach in order to approximate weak solutions of the 2D-Navier Stokes system. In a first part, we consider the steady case and introduce a quadratic functional based on a weak norm of the state equation. We construct a minimizing sequence for the functional which converges strongly to a solution of the equation. After a finite number of iterates related to the value of the viscosity constant, the convergence is quadratic, from any initial guess. We then apply iteratively the analysis on the backward Euler scheme associated to the unsteady Navier-Stokes equation and prove the convergence of the iterative process uniformly with respect to the time discretization. In a second part, we reproduce the analysis for the unsteady case by introducing a space-time least-squares functional. The method turns out to be related to the globally convergent damped Newton approach applied to the Navier-Stokes operator, in contrast to standard Newton method used to solve the weak formulation of the Navier-Stokes system. Numerical experiments illustrate our analysis.
The Emerging Potentials of Human Regulatory B Cells Mediated Therapies in Myasthenia Gravis

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) with immunosuppressive function are critical in maintaining immune tolerance. In recent years, Bregs is an essential part of the study due to its therapeutic relevance and function in immune tolerance. The positive and negative regulatory role of human Bregs in immune tolerance is being discussed in several pathologies, including in autoimmune diseases, cancers, chronic infections, strokes in multiple reports. The negative regulatory roles of human Bregs are associated with lesser numbers and functional abnormalities in most of these studies, including myasthenia gravis (MG). In this review, the potential findings regarding human Bregs in MG, and Bregs mediated potential therapeutic strategies with its pros and cons have been discussed based on previous and current reports.
Domoic Acid Attenuates the Adenosonine-5'- Triphosphate-Induced Increase in [Ca2+] i in Adult Cardiomyocytes

Background: Although domoic acid (DA), a shellfish neurotoxin, carries a negative surface charge at physiological pH like that of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), very little is known about its cellular effects. In view of the potentially significant role of extracellular ATP as a signaling molecule for increasing the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), we examined the possibility that DA may interfere with this signal transduction mechanism in the myocardium. Methods and Results: Cardiomyocytes were isolated from rat heart and loaded with Fura-2 to measure the [Ca2+]i. ATP produced a gradual rise in [Ca2+]i, reaching a peak level in 25- 30 seconds and declining thereafter. DA did not affect the [Ca2+]i in cardiomyocytes; however, it diminished the ATP-induced elevation in [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. Kainic acid, an analogue of DA, had a similar effect but at a 25-fold higher concentration, whereas glutamate and aspartate did not modify the action of ATP. Well-known inhibitors of L-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, nifedipine and nicardipine, depressed the ATP- induced increase in [Ca2+ ]i, but DA did not produce additive effects with either of these agents. On the other hand, DA potentiated the KCl-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in quiescent cardiomyocytes and augmented the nicardipine-sensitive Ca2+ transients in electrically stimulated cardiomyocytes. Conclusions: These results suggest that DA may diminish the ATP-induced increase in [Ca 2+]i by inhibiting the ATP interaction with cardiomyocytes in a specific manner.
Chlorogenic acids and other cinnamates - nature, occurrence, dietary burden, absorption and metabolism

This paper summarises the occurrence in foods and beverages of the cinnamic acids, their associated conjugates and transformation products. Quantitative data are lacking for some commodities known to contain them, but it is clear that for many people coffee will be the major source. The daily dietary intake of total cinnamates may vary substantially from almost zero to perhaps close to 1 g. The data relating to their absorption and metabolism are presented along with a consideration of their possible in vivo effects. Data for true bioavailability are incomplete: in particular it is not clear whether availability differs markedly with the form of the conjugate, and whether as a consequence some dietary sources may be superior to others.
Effect of temperature on development and survival of immature stages of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The development and survival of immature stages of Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta and White (Dipt.: Tephritidae), a new invasive fruit fly pest in Africa, was studied in the laboratory at five constant temperatures of 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C and photoperiod of L12:D12. The developmental time of eggs was 5.71 days at 15°C, decreasing to 1.24 days at 35°C. Larval development periods decreased from 35.95 days at 15°C to 6.64 days at 35°C. Pupal development at 15°C took 34.08 days while no adults emerged at 35°C, this being the most lethal temperature. The longest total development period occurred at 15°C (75.74 days) and was shortest at 30°C (17.76 days). The linear model provided a reliable fit of development rates vs. temperature for the immature stages. Lower developmental thresholds that were estimated from linear regression equations for the egg, larva and pupal stages were 8.8, 9.4 and 8.7, respectively. Total degree‐day (DD) accumulation was estimated at 376 DD for development from egg to adult emergence. The highest adult survival given as the mean of emergence from a cohort of 50 eggs occurred at 20–30°C. At the egg stage, survivorship was highest at 20–30°C and at the larva and pupa stages, it was at 25°C. The practical implication of the findings is discussed in relation to mass rearing of B. invadens and understanding its biology and ecology.
Chromosomal location of genes for grain protein content of wild tetraploid wheat.

The improvement of grain-protein content is an important goal of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) and other wheat breeding programs. The objective of this study was to determine the chromosomal location of genes for high grain-protein content in an accession of wild tetraploid (emmer) wheat (T. turgidum L. var dicoccoides) having seeds with high grain-protein content. The method was to substitute each of the dicoccoides (DIC) chromosomes into Langdon' (LDN) durum by crossing and backcrossing with a set of LDN D-genome disomic substitution lines (.)
Eﬀective Mutant Reduction using Fine-grained Mutation Operators

Although mutation analysis is important for various software analysis tasks, there exists no practical mutation tools for modern, complex, real-world C programs. I have developed MUSIC (MUtation analySIs tool with high Conﬁgurability and extensibility) which generates mutants for modern complex real-world C programs. I have conducted a case study on Siemens benchmark programs and a modern real-world C program cURL to compare MUSIC with Milu, Proteum in terms of applicability and number of stillborn (i
From wood to fuels: Integrating biofuels and pulp production

Bioethanol currently contributes ∼2% to the total US transportation fuels mix, and another ∼0.01% is based on biodiesel. To make a substantial contribution to the United States' energy portfolio, biofuels production needs to grow substantially over the next decade by a factor of 10 or more. Although the contribution of agro-energy crops and agriculture waste for biofuels production is being intensively developed, the potential of the forest products industry to contribute to this effort has been generally underestimated. The forest products industry is one of a few nationally based industries that have the necessary skill set and infrastructure available to process sufficient biomass for the rapid short-term development and commercialization of biofuel and biochemical technologies. On an annual basis, the US pulp and paper industry collects and processes approximately 108 million tons of wood for the production of pulp and paper in a sustainable manner. Wood extractives from pulping provide approximately .
Revisit of radar cross section enhancement for two types of radar systems

In recent decades, the fever issue in radar research is how to reduce radar cross section (RCS) of specific targets like fighters. In regard to the other aspect, to increase the detection probability of air targets is also a highlighting feature for military surveillance radars. In this work, RCS of a typical aircraft target for a monostatic radar system in very high frequency (VHF: 30-300 MHz) band and for a bistatic one in X band (8-12 GHz) are investigated. According to the electromagnetic theory, since the RCS of the aircraft in VHF band is within Mie region; the resonant phenomenon of the RCS is observed so the RCS is enhanced and the polarization effect is also described. For the bistatic radar operating in X band, there is also an apparent enlargement of the bistatic RCS at certain incident angles. Two numerical electromagnetism techniques — integrated equation (IE) solver based on moment of method (MoM) and shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) solver based on ray model, are respectively used to calculate RCSs in VHF and X bands for efficacy and accuracy. A guideline to choose an appropriate simulation method in a certain frequency regime is proposed to increase the calculation efficiency and maintain the fidelity of evaluation. The simulated results reveal that these two radar systems indeed have the advantage of detecting stealthy or small targets.
Negative interactions between Willamette mites and Pacific mites: possible management strategies for grapes

Willamette mites and Pacific mites are often negatively associated on grape vines. In particular, vineyards with early season infestations of the less damaging Willamette mite rarely develop high populations of the economically important Pacific mite. We report that Willamette mites had a negative effect on Pacific mite populations in both the greenhouse and field. In some experiments, the negative effect was more pronounced when vines had been damaged by previous feeding of Willamette mites and in other experiments concurrent feeding by both mite species was necessary to demonstrate a negative effect. Therefore, we cannot conclude if the mechanism of the response involves induced resistance against Pacific mites, more conventional interspecific competition, or both. Since predators were uncommon in our experiments, predator build up on Willamette mites did not cause the low Pacific mite population that we observed, although this mechanism may be important in many vineyards. Further, larger scale experiments are necesary to determine if growers can introduce Willamette mites to help control Pacific mites.
A loaded technique for modeling oblique wire in finite‐difference time‐domain method

When the thin wire whose orientation cannot be parallel to Cartesian axis is modeled by the finite‐difference time‐domain method, the staircasing introduce numerical errors and nonphysical phenomenon. In order to reduce the influence on the induced current, a loaded technique is proposed. The lumped elements are matched at the grid corner based on the contour‐path model. All the electromagnetic difference equations nearby the wire are modified. The accuracy of the proposed technique is demonstrated by the comparison with the method of moment.
SPILLOVER OF EXPLOITABLE FISHES FROM A MARINE PARK AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ADJACENT FISHERY

The role of a marine protected area in enhancing local fisheries, through the emigration or spillover of exploitable fishes, was studied in a coral reef park (Mombasa Marine Park, Kenya) and fishery over a seven-year period during a time when the park's border changed and pull seines were eliminated. We measured catches before and after the park's establishment and during the management changes and compared these catches with the unmanaged side of the park. Additionally, we placed baited traps on both sides of the park over a full tidal cycle which allowed us to measure the spillover from the park compared to the deeper, rougher, and less fished reef edge. The total wet mass of catches per trap, the mean size of the trapped fish, and the number of fish species caught per trap declined as a function of the distance away from the park edge on both the southern and northern sides. However, this relationship was truncated on the unmanaged side which also had smaller catches, smaller fish, and fewer species th.
A mmW Broadband Dual-Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna Based on Hybrid Modes

This letter presents a dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) achieving more than 40% fractional bandwidth, thus the 5G bands n257 and n260 are covered with a single antenna. Hence, the system cost is considerably reduced, since only one antenna array system is required. The bandwidth could be reached thanks to the wideband monopoles and differential feeding enabling hybrid operation in monopole and DRA mode. The antenna uses a standard two metal layer printed-circuit-board (PCB) process and 3-D printing for the fabrication of the dielectric resonators, reducing the number of PCB layers and the overall production cost. The prototypes of a single element and 2 × 2 array show a maximal gain of 7.1 and 10.4 dBi, respectively.
Late Miocene Climate Cooling Contributed to the Disappearance of Hominoids in Yunnan Region, Southwestern China

The relationship between long‐sequence climate change and Miocene hominoid evolution in the Yunnan region of southwestern China has recently received some attention, partly because this region has been regarded as a “refugium” for hominoids at the end of the Miocene. Here, we carry out a high‐resolution reconstruction of climate evolution in the Zhaotong Basin of Yunnan through the late Miocene to Pliocene using chemical weathering indices and other proxies. The results reveal gradual cooling within generally warm and humid conditions from 8.8–6.2 Ma; three more marked cooling episodes from 6.2–5.0 Ma; cool and humid conditions from 5.0–2.8 Ma; finally, cold and humid conditions from 2.8–2.62 Ma. The evidence is compatible with a scenario in which terminal Miocene cooling episodes within a prevailing warm and humid climate, and associated changes in vegetation, may have been critical factors in the disappearance of hominoids from this region.
Genetic structure of the xerophilous bromeliad Pitcairnia geyskesii on inselbergs in French Guiana – a test of the forest refuge hypothesis

Inselbergs are isolated granitic rock outcrops that provide distinctive ecological conditions. In northern South America they rise above the surrounding rainforest. Among inselberg specialists, Pitcairnia geyskesii (Bromeliaceae) is restricted to these habitats in French Guiana. We studied populations from 12 inselbergs using 7 microsatellite loci to give a "reverse image" of the reduction-expansion of the rainforest in the context of the refuge hypothesis. Our analyses showed that populations are fragmented with dispersal occurring only over very short distances. Genetic diversity was higher in northern French Guiana, whereas specific alleles were observed in the south. The results point to the occurrence of a dry corridor in the north, as hypothesized by Tardy (1998) based on charcoal analyses, whereas de Granville's (1982) hypothesis of a unique past refuge is not confirmed. Moreover, our data suggests the importance of Oyapock River as a pathway for range expansion, arguing against the potential role of the Inini-Camopi Mountains as a physical barrier. Finally, in spite of a strongly argued scenario in favour of a north-to-south migration history, a clear genetic isolation of P. geyskesii populations living on inselbergs of the Mitaraka archipelago suggests a distinct ancestry of the most southern populations.
Diel Cycles of DNA Damage and Repair in Eggs and Larvae of Northern Anchovy, Engraulis mordax, Exposed to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation

Abstract— Damage from UVB radiation (280–320 nm) in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) in DNA and the capacity for their repair were measured in newly spawned eggs and yolk‐sac larvae of northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, exposed to natural diel cycles of sunlight. The CPD were measured by a newly developed chemiluminescent immunoblot assay capable of measuring CPD in samples as small as 50 ng DNA. Eggs and yolk‐sac larvae exposed to full irradiance levels died. At lower dose rates, equivalent to deeper more natural locations in the water column, there was a diel cycle of dimer concentration that tracked solar intensity. This diel cycle was due to the interaction of damage and repair processes. Repair of CPD in anchovy eggs and larvae could be attributed to true photodependent repair that could be stopped by moving samples into the dark. The CPD present at sunset remained until the following morning. The diel cycles of damage and repair were maintained over at least 4 days without a long‐term upward or downward trend in dimer concentration. This indicates that at the UVB doses used for these experiments, there was no long‐term accumulation of CPD nor an induction of increased repair capacity. Unhatched embryos spawned in the dark also exhibited a strong photorepair response, suggesting that photolyase expression was innate and not dependent on previous light exposure. The diel cycle observed here indicates that, at least for northern anchovy, the CPD concentration at the time of sampling is a good indicator of dose rate but a poor indicator of cumulative dose (i.e. late afternoon samples have the highest cumulative dose but relatively low CPD concentrations). The CPD immunoassay described here has the required sensitivity for measuring DNA damage in wild populations of ichthyoplankton exposed to natural sunlight. These results will guide the collection and interpretation of field data on natural levels of CPD in wild larvae collected at different depths and times of the day.
A note on reduced rock lobster growth rates and related environmental anomalies in the southern Benguela, 1988–1995

A series of environmental perturbations in the southern Benguela upwelling system off the Cape west coast has had dramatic effects on the productivity of the rock lobster Jasus lalandii, a keystone predator of the nearshore ecosystem. Reduced lobster growth rates adversely affected annual recruitment to the legal size range, and Total Allowable Catches were drastically reduced during the early 1990s. The widespread nature of the reduction in lobster growth rates indicate a large-scale environmental perturbation. Productivity changes in the southern Benguela, associated with the anomalous El Nino years of 1990-1993, are believed to be the main cause of the phenomenon.
Introducing Community Ecology and Data Skills with the Bean Beetle Microbiome Project

In this study, gut microbiome data from bean beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus , are used to perform community ecology analyses. Two microbiome community datasets are available, one based on colony phenotypes of cultured bacteria, and a second based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing of cultured bacterial colonies. We provide step-by-step instructions with computer screen shots that guide students through large dataset manipulations using MS Excel and data analyses using Excel or RStudio software. Basic community ecology variables and indices may be readily calculated to describe and compare microbiomes from this model organism.
A histology-based fish health assessment of four commercially and ecologically important species from the Okavango Delta panhandle, Botswana

The health status of four commercially and ecologically important fish species from the Okavango Delta was assessed, using a histology-based health assessment protocol, to establish baseline data for future toxicity studies. Following the calculation of a necropsy-based health assessment index (HAI), the histological responses of the liver, gills and gonads were assessed and compared between Clarias gariepinus, C. ngamensis, Oreochromis andersonii and Serranochromis angusticeps. Population HAI results showed that O. andersonii was most affected in terms of necropsy-related alterations, followed by S. angusticeps, whilst identical low values were calculated for C. ngamensis and C. gariepinus. Quantitative histological results corresponded with the HAI results. The liver and gills of O. andersonii were most affected in terms of the percentage prevalence of the histological alterations identified. These were mostly associated with inflammation, and progressive and regressive changes. The histology of the liver and gills was also more affected in terms of the type and severity of the histological alterations identified, compared to that in the gonads of all four species. The majority of alterations were most likely caused by the prevalence of parasitic infections.
Analysis of the impact of measurement matrices in compressive sensing for medical images

Compressive sensing of images is based on three key components namely sparse representation, construction of measurement matrix and reconstruction of images. The visual quality of reconstructed image is prime important in medical images. We apply Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for sparse representation of medical images. This paper focuses on the analysis of measurement matrices on compressive sensing of MRI images. In this work, the Gaussian and Bernoulli type of random matrices are considered as measurement matrix. The compressed images are reconstructed using Basis Pursuit algorithm. Peak-signal-to noise ratio and reconstruction time are the metrics taken for evaluating the performance of measurement matrices towards compressive sensing of medical images.
TRANSFORMATION OF TYPE SPECIFICITY OF MENINGOCOCCI

Heritable type-specific traits have been induced in meningococcus populations by exposure to desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-containing extracts derived from meningococcus cells of the type desired. The DNA has been shown to be an essential component of the transforming extract. As in the H. influenzae system, the reaction between the susceptible cell and the DNA responsible for the heritable change requires less than 15 minutes. Only a minute proportion of the total cells exposed to the DNA extracts for a short time are susceptible to the change; but in the growth and reproduction of bacteria susceptible cells appear with fairly predictable frequency. Type I specific traits have been induced in populations of RIIa and SIIa cells. Type IIa specificity has been induced in RIIa cells.