Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Early Warnings of Recruitment Overfi shing in Male- Only Crab Fisheries: An Example from the Snow Crab Fishery

Male-only crab fi sheries often are assumed to be relatively well protected from recruitment overfi shing by virtue of male polygyny and female sperm retention. These fi sheries also off er the opportunity to directly assess the per capita female reproductive contribution. If the latter does not dwindle when a stock declines, then the decline cannot be attributed to overfi shing. We explored expedient ways to assess per capita female reproductive contribution of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) and Tanner crab (C. bairdi) of the Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) by measuring clutch volume and estimating an objective “clutch fullness index” (CFI) based on modeling the “maximum boundary line” (MBL) of scatterplots of clutch volume vs. body size. We investigated three estimation methods, selected quantile regression for further analysis, and examined the distribution of the CFI in extensive samples collected during trawl surveys conducted in 1992 and 1993. An objective protocol for the visual assessment of clutch size (based on an estimated MBL) was introduced in 1994, with a dramatic eff ect on estimated CFI. CFI distributions proved very useful for
STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF THE THYMUS IN IMMUNOBIOLOGY

The immunologic competence of spleen cells of mice, as assessed by their graft versus host capabilities, increases to 35 days of age and beyond. Thymectomy at any point along this continuum of development produces "immunologic arrest;" the peripheral lymphoid tissues of such mice do not show significant increases in activity as the animals mature, nor is there appreciable loss of activity up to 6 months after surgery. Adult spleen cells from mice thymectomized at 1 to 24 hours of age have a greatly reduced ability to induce runt disease. Five million spleen cells from immunologically mature animals will uniformly cause fatal runt disease in neonatal recipients, but this same number of cells from neonatally thymectomized animals produces almost no runt disease. When the dosage of cells from neonatally thymectomized C57Bl mice is increased to 20 million, about half of the A recipients develop runt disease. Thus, the defect is a quantitative one. Spleen cells from neonatally thymectomized mice will induce tolerance of skin grafts from the donor strain. In one recalcitrant strain combination, C57Bl to A, use of spleen cells from neonatally thymectomized donors as the tolerance-inducing inoculum permits survival of the recipients, which usually die with severe runt disease, but does not induce tolerance. Cell free extracts of spleen and thymus tissue, including "promine" of Szent-Gyorgyi et al., did not affect the runting syndrome or the immunologic reactivity of neonatally thymectomized mice. When syngeneic thymic tissue is grafted into neonatally thymectomized mice, or the animals are given viable syngeneic spleen or thymus cells, the majority of the animals escape the early mortality characteristic of this group. Administration of syngeneic spleen cells from adult donors and grafting of syngeneic neonatal thymus provide restoration of homograft immunity and graft versus host reactivity of the peripheral lymphoid tissues in most of the neonatally thymectomized animals. Thymus cells rarely provide significant restoration of these parameters. Allogeneic thymus grafts also restore neonatally thymectomized mice. Such animals are chimeric: the immunologically competent cells of their peripheral lymphoid tissues are chiefly of host origin as determined by the discriminant spleen assay, but in many instances a significant donor component is also demonstrable in this system. These chimeric animals accept skin grafts from both donor and host strains. A degree of reconstitution has also been attained by grafting of allogeneic adult spleen in neonatally thymectomized animals. The discriminant spleen assay indicates that cells of the donor strain predominate in the peripheral lymphoid tissues of such mice.
Sustaining factors, rewards, and challenges for psychologists providing clinical care in psycho‐oncology

Many who choose to work in oncology manage an ongoing tension—the work is rewarding, yet simultaneously challenging. Given the need for psychosocial professionals to provide treatment for the increasing number of cancer survivors in our aging society, it is important to consider what helps and hinders professionals in their work. Therefore, this study sought to understand the work experiences of psychologists working in psycho‐oncology, specifically clarifying the rewards and challenges they experience as a result of their occupation.
Timing-based Sensor Fusion Mapping Method for Indoor Remote Surveying Robot

For large indoor environments including protected agriculture or controlled environmental agriculture, it is inefficient to carry out indoor mapping by manpower. This paper proposes a surveying and mapping robot that can independently perform indoor surveying and mapping work through WLAN remote control. The robot uses SLAM technology to map the environment. In SLAM, a single sensor has the disadvantages of slow construction speed, missing obstacle recognition, and small measuring range. This paper uses a two-wheeled robot as a platform, equipped with a 2D-Lidar and a RGB-D camera, and proposes a timing-based sensor fusion mapping method. It can get a more accurate map, shorten the mapping time to make the surveying work more efficient.
Estudio comparativo entre los métodos de hemaglutinación indirecta e inmunoanálisis enzimático en el diagnóstico de la toxoplasmosis

En el presente trabajo se realizo un estudio comparativo entre los metodos de Hemaglutinacion Indirecta (H.A.I.) e Inmunoanalisis Enzimatico 19G (E.L.I.S.A. IgG.), para investigar anticuerpos antitoxoplasma en 103 muestras de suero sanguineo. Este estudio revelo un porcentaje de positividad para anticuerpos antitoxoplasma de 29, 12% (30 sueros) y 43,69% (45 sueros) por E.L. I.S. A. y H.A.I. respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una concordancia entre estos metodos de 83,4%. Las discordancias observadas entre las reacciones. solo comprometieron titulos bajos «1:64), los cuales se deben tomar en cuenta, cuando se utiliza el metodo de H.A.I., para el seguimiento. serologico de estos casos, ya que, podria tratarse de una infeccion reciente en ascenso. El analisis estadistico mediante el chi cuadrado revelo que las diferencias observadas en los resultados de las pruebas son significantes cuando se compararon todos los titulos para H.A.I. y todos los indices para E.L. I.S. A. IgG. En cambio, las diferencias de los resultados no fueron significantes cuando se consideraron los titulos de H.A.I. iguales o por encima de 1:64 y los indices de E.L. I.S. A. iguales o por encima de 0.500. Por lo anterior, se concluyo que H.AJ. solo es igual a E.L. I.S. A. IgG como metodo diagnostico de toxoplasmosis, en el caso de que se tomen como titulos positivos aquellos iguales o por encima de 1 :64.
5 Phosphorylation of RNA Polymerase II as a Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanism

OVERVIEW The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) contains at its carboxyl terminus an unusual domain consisting of tandem repeats of the consensus sequence Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser. The extensive phosphorylation of this domain is thought to play an important role in the initiation phase of transcription and may be of regulatory significance. The results from a variety of studies suggest that each round of transcription is associated with the reversible phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD). The transcription cycle of RNA pol II is thought to involve (1) the interaction of the unphosphorylated form of RNA polymerase with the promoter to which specific transcription factors have previously bound, (2) the extensive phosphorylation of the CTD by a template-associated kinase either prior to or concomitant with the initiation of the transcript, (3) disruption of the initiation complex and elongation of the transcript by the phosphorylated enzyme, and (4) release from the template and dephosphorylation. The potential significance of this phosphorylation with respect both to our understanding of the basic mechanisms of transcription and to the regulation of RNA pol II activity in general is discussed. In this paper, we also review our present understanding of the protein kinases that may be responsible for the phosphorylation of RNA pol II. INTRODUCTION RNA pol II is a multisubunit enzyme composed of two large subunits, with molecular weights in excess of 100,000, and a complex array of small subunits (for review, see Sawadogo and Sentenac 1990; Woychik and Young 1990). The largest subunit.
Variation in the tidal migratory behaviour and rhythmic light-responsiveness in the shore crab, Carcinus maenas

The distribution of shore crabs, Carcinus maenas (L.), within the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones of a rocky shore in the Menai Strait, North Wales, was recorded regularly by diving throughout the tidal cycle. Samples were also obtained by searching the shore during low tide and by collecting crabs in baited pots. It was found that the smaller individuals (<35 mm carapace width) in the population tend to remain within the intertidal throughout the tidal cycle whilst others, mainly the red-coloured adults, appear to remain permanently below low-water mark. The remainder of the population, predominantly green males larger than 35 mm carapace width, migrate upshore with the flood tide and downshore again with the ebb. The behaviour of C. maenas on the shore appears to be affected, at least in part, by a tidally rhythmic pattern of responsiveness to directional light which is seen in freshly collected crabs in the laboratory.
SQUAMATE REPTILES AS MODEL ORGANISMS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF VIVIPARITY

ABSTRACT For over a century, research has been conducted on squamates in order to reveal how viviparity has evolved in mammals and other vertebrates. The recent proliferation of studies has yielded much information on anatomical, physiological, ecological, and evolutionary aspects, allowing a reassessment of squamates as model organisms for the study of viviparity. Strong support for the “squamate model” comes from phylogenetic analyses that have shown that squamates have evolved viviparity with great frequency (> 108 origins), at low taxonomic levels, and in geologically recent times. However, available data also indicate that viviparity has evolved by different chronologies and mechanisms in squamates, fishes, and mammals. Further, generalizations about squamates are difficult to make, given the diverse mechanisms by which they achieve viviparity. Thus, similarities between squamates must be demonstrated empirically, and generalizations should be based on quantitative, phylogenetic analyses of multiple lineages. Explanations for similarities between squamate clades can invoke such concepts as evolutionary constraints, exaptations, and selection pressures, and should distinguish between adaptations, correlated attributes, and features that predate viviparity. However, homocentric assumptions of an orthogenetic transformation towards the eutherian condition should be abandoned, along with untested assumptions that viviparity squamates and mammals is similar. The value of the squamate model ultimately may lie in insights it provides into physiological problems rather than in universality of specific mechanisms that have evolved to meet those problems.
Development of a cell line from the gill of koi and molecular characterization of KHV isolated in Taiwan

A new cell line (KoG) was developed from the gill of koi, Cyprinus carpio. KoG cells were composed of epithelial-like cells and fibroblast-like cells. The cells were maintained well at 25°C in Leibovitz L15 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Chromosome analysis showed that the KoG cells had 43 diploid chromosomes at passage 40. The KoG cells were used to test the susceptibility of a koi herpesvirus isolate using a Taiwanese koi herpesvirus isolate (strain TW BL98). The KHV-infected KoG cells revealed vacuolation in the cytoplasm and marginal hyperchromation in the nucleus, which was confirmed by an indirect immunofluorescence assay and transmission electron microscopy. A multistep growth curve showed the virus reaching the highest titer of 106.2 TCID50/ml at 5 days post inoculation. Sequence analysis targeting the alleles of the two molecular markers indicated that the Taiwanese isolate displayed the I++II+ allele and of the Asian lineage, which was identical to a Japanese strain (Asian genotype variant 1). Collectively, our results demonstrate that the KoG cells may provide a tool for the replication of KHV andthe Taiwanese isolate belongs to a typical Asian genotype. Key words: Taiwan, KoG cell line, koi herpesvirus, phylogenetic analysis.
An integrative study of ageing in a wild population of common lizards

1. Integrative studies on ageing patterns in multiple traits of organisms are challenging and rare in free-living populations. However, developing integrative approaches could prove useful to understanding ageing patterns as causes of age variations are diverse, with conflicting or related actions. Accordingly, we investigated age variation of multiple aspects in the common lizard Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara. 2. In a wild population of common lizards, we studied five fitness components, three physiological traits (cell-mediated immunity, corticosterone level, resting metabolic rate), and controlled for individual and environmental heterogeneities. To quantify ageing patterns in fitness, we used individual-based data collected over 14 years (18 684 captures, 892 reproductive events). 3. Ageing patterns were found in multiple aspects. They provided evidence for female maturation early in adulthood (access to reproduction, litter size), followed by senescence in female reproduction (litter success) and survival. In parallel to senescence, a pattern of terminal investment enhanced offspring quality (offspring body size, offspring corpulence, litter success). Ageing patterns involved physiology with higher metabolic rate and T cell-mediated immune response in old females. 4. Several ageing patterns were dependent on environmental and individual characteristics (habitat, year, sex, body size). Interestingly, senescence occurred only in females with a high reproductive effort early in life. Rarely showed, this trade-off between early and late-life performances is expected under the antagonistic pleiotropy and disposable soma theories of senescence. 5. Overall, this study emphasizes the interest of integrative studies to investigate the multifaceted process of ageing.
Review: Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Gender

Many studies have shown that the prevalence and onset of coronary heart disease (CHD) is sex- dependent. CHD prevalence is lower in women than in men at all ages. Furthermore, women's age of CHD onset seems to be 10 yr later. This is widely attributed to the fact that men have less favorable CHD risk factors (eg, plasma lipid profile) compared to women. Mean levels of protective high density lipoprotein cholesterol are lower, while triglyceride levels are higher in men than in women. It is possible that many of the genes involved in lipid metabolism, such as Apolipoprotein (Apo) E, as well as their polymorphisms, may be expressed in a sexually dimorphic manner. The human Apo E gene is polymorphic, encoding one of 3 common epsilon (e) alleles (e2, e3, e4), with the e3 allele occurring most frequently (78%) in the Caucasian population. Association studies have shown a protective effect on CHD in e2 carriers and a harmful effect in e4 carriers. However, there are conflicting results regarding such allelic effects in respect to gender. This review is focused on the gender-related influence of Apo E polymorphism in respect to plasma lipid levels and the risk of CHD. Additionally, an effort is made to determine if this relation exists and if it can be satisfactorily explained. The studies cited here demonstrate a complex, multifactorial association between these factors, in need of further corroboration in greater population samples.
Laminin alpha‐1, alpha‐3, and alpha‐5 chain expression in human prepubetal benign prostate glands and adult benign and malignant prostate glands

Laminins (Lns) are a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins located in the basement membrane (BM) of epithelial cells. They exist as heterotrimers composed of an α, β, and γ chain. Presently, five α (α1–5), three β (β1–3), and three γ (γ1–3) chains have been identified with different combinations of these chains resulting in 14 laminin heterotrimers thus far identified (1, 3–5).
Modeling Inflorescence Development of the African Violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.)

The effects of temperature and daily-integrated photosynthetic photon flux (PPF DI ) on African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.) flower initiation and development were quantified to provide the basis for an inflorescence development model. The percentage of leaf axils in which an inflorescence initiated and continued development increased as the PPF DI increased from 1 to 4 mol·m -2 ·day -1 , while the rate of inflorescence development was a function of the average daily temperature (ADT). The appearance of a visible flower bud (VB) in a leaf axil was related to the growth of the subtending leaf blade. A polynomial model based on ADT and PPF DI was used to describe leaf blade length at visible bud (LBL VB ). A nonlinear model was used to describe the influence of ADT on leaf expansion rate (LER). Inflorescence appearance in the leaf axil was predicted by measuring LBL and estimating the time for the leaf blade to develop to the length required for VB. A phasic-development scale was developed to quantify inflorescence development. Days required for an inflorescence to develop from VB to first open flower was described as a function of ADT and either inflorescence height or inflorescence development stage (IDS). Days from leaf emergence to first open flower for the inflorescence initiated in that leaf axil decreased from 86 to 55 as ADT increased from 18 to 26C.
Litigation Infraction Charges andFinancial Performanceof Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

This study investigated the effect of litigationinfraction charges (LICs)arising fromthe settlement of legal violations of agreed terms and conditions banking transactions with counterparties on the financial performance of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Litigation Infraction Charges for DMBs comprises ofLegal Professional Charges (LPCs) and court-imposed Charges (CICs). The specific objectives of this study are to ascertain; firstly, the effect of Legal Professional Charges (LPCs) on the financial performance of DMBs in Nigeria and secondly, the effect of Court-Imposed Charges (CICs)on the financial performance of DMBs in Nigeria. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design. This study made use of secondary data obtained from the Nigerian Stock Exchange factbooks, and Annual reports & accounts of the eight (8) sampled DMBs for its analysis. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to selecteight (8) Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs) according to the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) 2014 ranking for banks in Nigeria.The population consists of sixteen (16) DMBs whose shares were listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at December 31, 2018. This study made use of Panel Least Square (PLS) regression analysis with the aid of E-View 9.0 statistical software. The results of the regression analyses showed that legal Professional Charges (LPCs), and courtimposed Charges (CICs) eachhas a significantnegative influence on return on Equityof DMBs in Nigeria.The study recommends that deposit money banks should always abide by allterms, conditions and transaction dynamics agreed on terms with customers and counterparties. This willminimise substantial litigation infraction charges awarded to counterparties on legal violation settlements which affect the DMBs’ financial performance.Also, deposit money banks should incorporate Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in their transaction contract documents and also explore ADR option, which is cheaper than court legal proceedings. Accounting & Taxation Review, Vol. 4, No. 2, June 2020 118
Security Challenges in Smart City Applications

- Recent technological innovations have resulted in a deployment of a large number of interconnected IoT devices for augmenting personal lifestyle. Urbanization is happening at a remarkable rate, and it is estimated to reach 5 billion population by 2030, likely resulting in dense clustering of these devices. Such proliferation requires advanced management approaches using the latest IT platforms and techniques for adapting city-related services to this new expectation. Such emerging integration of technologies like ubiquitous sensing, heterogeneous network infrastructure, and intelligent Information processing and control systems faces several security challenges. Our research focuses on providing an overview based on research efforts in smart cities addressing these security challenges and solutions for smart transportation, living, healthcare, and energy. We highlight the effects of malicious attacks and their countermeasures while addressing discrimination from false positives such a Flash Event (FE). Finally, we discuss future research directions and limitations.
Effects of Oligo-Miocene global climate changes on mammalian species richness in the northwestern quarter of the USA

We derived species richness curves using three different methods for mammal species recorded in fossil deposits between 30 million and 9 million years old (late Oligocene through late Miocene) for three geographic regions in the USA: the Northwest, northern Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains. The data were used to examine the relationship between global climate change and species richness at the regional scale. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that geographic scaling issues account for the lack of correlation that has been observed between continental species richness and the oxygen–isotope curve. The results of all three methods used in this study suggest that species richness in the three regions analysed did not change in response to the global temperature signal, supporting the inferences drawn from continentalscale analyses. The most prominent signal is a peak in species richness in the Rocky Mountain region about 15 million years ago, possibly due to increased beta diversity within the mountains, although many of these species were shared between all three biogeographic provinces. This peak coincides with the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum, but it appears unlikely that global temperature change was the direct cause because no response in species richness characterized the even greater Late Oligocene Warming. The Mid-Miocene richness peak also closely follows the onset of major tectonic events in the Rocky Mountain region, which may have led to increased within-province endemism through a combination of physiographic and related climatic effects not recorded in the global temperature signal, a hypothesis that deserves detailed testing.
Micropores of Acanthocephala, a Scanning Electron Microscopy study

Micropores, used for nutrient exchange, from the integument of 16 species of Acanthocephala were viewed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine number and pore size. SEM scans were completed for the anterior, mid, and posterior body regions for each specimen. For one species, Corynosoma strumosum (Rudolphi, 1802), both SEM and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) were used to further understand the role of the micropore- canalicular system of the helminth. On an average, the highest number and largest pore size occurred in the mid body of the acanthocephalans. Micropores were present for all acanthocephalans examined for this study. Micropore counts and sizes for those helminths of the same family are similar. The TEM micrographs display a definite connection of the micropore with the inner fibrous canalicular system.