Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Convolutional Neural Network Applied to Fruit Image Processing

Agriculture has always been an important economic and social sector for humans. Fruit production is especially essential, with a great demand from all households. Therefore, the use of innovative technologies is of vital importance for the agri-food sector. Currently artificial intelligence is one very important technological tool widely used in modern society. Particularly, Deep Learning (DL) has several applications due to its ability to learn robust representations from images. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is the main DL architecture for image classification. Based on the great attention that CNNs have had in the last years, we present a review of the use of CNN applied to different automatic processing tasks of fruit images: classification, quality control, and detection. We observe that in the last two years (2019–2020), the use of CNN for fruit recognition has greatly increased obtaining excellent results, either by using new models or with pre-trained networks for transfer learning. It is worth noting that different types of images are used in datasets according to the task performed. Besides, this article presents the fundamentals, tools, and two examples of the use of CNNs for fruit sorting and quality control.
Localization of tandemly repeated DMA sequences inArabidopsis thaliana

Summary In-situ hybridization to interphase nuclei and chromosomes of Arabidopsis thaliana (2n= 10) shows that there are four sites of rDNA in a diploid nucleus. The sites are located on chromosomes 2 and 4, and the strength of hybridization indicates that copy number is similar at both pairs of sites. Hybridization to trisomic line 4 revealed five hybridization sites. Silver staining of nucleoli demonstrates that all four loci can be active in diploid interphase nuclei. The tandemly repeated probe pAL1 hybridizes near to the centromeres of all five chromosome pairs. In diploid interphase nuclei, 10 sites of hybridization are detected, while 15 are seen in triploid nuclei. The sites of hybridization co-localize with the centromeric heterochromatin visualized by staining DNA with the fluorochrome DAPI. The results demonstrate that molecular cytogenetics can be applied to A. thaliana and high resolution physical chromosome maps can be generated. Both probes may be useful for interphase cytogenetics, where they enable chromosome number and aneuploidy to be examined in tissues without divisions. The physical localization of these hybridization sites provides a starting point for linking RFLP and physical chromosome maps.
Eurozone Prices: A Tale of Convergence and Divergence

espanolEste articulo describe una metodologia que permite contrastar la convergencia absoluta y relativa del nivel general de precios (en media y varianza), basada en un modelo de precios relativos que incluye un proceso de transicion y permite medir la velocidad de convergencia de precios entre un conjunto de paises o regiones. Aplicamos esta metodologia considerando el nivel de precios de los paises miembros de la Union Monetaria desde 2001 hasta 2011 y encontramos distintos patrones de comportamiento para las series precios de los paises miembros, asi como la falta de convergencia en el largo plazo para la mayoria de estos. Asi, atendiendo al diferencial de precios entre paises, solo encontramos convergencia absoluta de precios, con diferencial igual a cero, cuando comparamos el nivel de precios aleman con el frances y el italiano. Por otra parte, solo un subconjunto de paises muestra convergencia relativa, con un diferencial de precios constante distinto de cero. Estos resultados revelan la existencia de un «coste de convergencia» pagado por los paises con menor nivel de precios, que no tiende a cero en el largo plazo cuando no existe convergencia. Ello resultaria de interes para los responsables de la politica monetaria, ya que evidencia el efecto desigual de dicha politica en los paises miembros de la EMU. Se recomienda la prevision y seguimiento de la convergencia (relativa y absoluta) del nivel de precios en la zona euro para entender la eficiencia de la politica monetaria a largo plazo. EnglishThis article provides a methodology to test absolute and relative price convergence (in mean and variance) based on a model of relative prices that includes a transition path, and offers a way to measure the speed of price convergence across countries. By applying this test to the European Monetary Union (EMU) price indices from 2001 to 2011, we ﬁ nd empirical evidence of different price level patterns and the lack of price level convergence in the long run for most countries. In terms of the price gap between countries, only when we compare the German with French and Italian prices, we do get zero-gap (absolute) price level convergence. A few other countries report relative price level convergence. These results underscore the existence of a “convergence cost” that EMU countries with lower price levels paid and that does not tend toward zero in the long-term in the absence of convergence. This ﬁ nding might be of particular interest to European monetary policymakers as it implies that implemented monetary policy does not affect (beneﬁ t/harm) all EMU members equally. Monitoring the relative and absolute price level convergence is advised to understand the monetary policy efﬁ ciency in the long run.
Molecular markers and their applications in wheat breeding

In recent years, considerable emphasis has been placed on the development of molecular markers to be used for a variety of objectives. This review attempts to give an account of different molecular markers—restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), sequence-tagged sites (STS), DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites (STMS)—currently available for genome mapping and for tagging different traits in wheat. Other markers, including microsatellite-primed polymerase chain reaction (MP-PCR), expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are also discussed. Recent information on synteny in cereal genomes, marker-assisted selection, marker validation and their relevance to cereal breeding in general and wheat breeding in particular are also examined.
ResNet-Based Counting Algorithm for Moving Targets in Through-the-Wall Radar

This letter mainly deals with the problem of counting moving human targets in an enclosed building space for through-the-wall radar. Specifically, a typical deep convolutional neural network, namely, residual neural network (ResNet), is designed to identify the line-like texture information associated with the target number from the blurred range-time images of a single-channel stepped-frequency continuous-wave (SFCW) radar. Experiments demonstrate that the ResNet-based counting algorithm achieves an accuracy of 91.54% for one to six human targets, and the accuracy rises to 97.12% when only counting one to three humans, even under conditions of wall penetration degradation, limited spatial resolution, heavy multipath clutters, and target-to-target occlusion. The achieved number of information of moving human targets not only contributes directly to the situation assessment behind the wall but also can act as the prior information to promote further target detection.
Adaptive Safe Distance Prediction Using MPC for Bridge Cranes Considering Anti-Swing

In dynamic environment, the suddenly appeared human or other moving obstacles can affect the safety of the bridge crane. For such dangerous situation, the bridge crane must predict potential collisions between the payload and the obstacle, keep safe distance while the swing of the payload must be considered in the mean time. Therefore, the safe distance is not a constant value, which must be adaptive to the relative speed of the bridge crane. However, as far as we know, the mathematical model between the safe distance and the relative speed of the bridge crane has never been fully discussed. In this paper, we propose a safe distance prediction method using model prediction control (MPC), which can make sure that the crane can stop before the obstacle, and avoid possible collisions, while the relative speed and anti-swing are both considered. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of our idea.
Urban Navigation System With Multiple Sub-Maps and Multiple Sub-Navigators

Deploying an autonomous robot in an urban environment with heterogeneous sub-area is a challenging task that requires different types of navigation and map representation. In a real-world setting, spontaneous change of the environment such as sudden raining or congestion of parts of the navigation area is also a common event that must be handled. This paper presents a real-world navigation system capable of switching among multiple navigation algorithms in a novel manner in order to properly handle the workspace with different characteristics and the challenge of changing condition of the environment. The design of the system is a real-world result from deploying an actual robot in a live system with real-world user and environment.
Local People’s Participation in Mangrove Restoration Projects and Impacts on Social Capital and Livelihood: A Case Study in the Philippines

Participatory forest management has been considered as a practical and effective strategy for sustainable forest management, especially in situations where land tenure is not securely settled. For effective forest restoration, local communities, as the cornerstone of participatory management, should be provided with incentives to facilitate their participation and active role. We postulate that participation in mangrove restoration projects can not only provide financial rewards but also yield intangible benefits for communities, i.e., social capital. The study was conducted in the province of Quezon, Philippines, using face-to-face interviews as the main method for data collection. Regression analyses were undertaken to assess the impact of local community participation in mangrove restoration projects on social capital and its potential benefits to people in terms of access to information and services, which are key components of livelihood. Results revealed that people’s participation in mangrove restoration projects contributes to increasing social capital, consequently improving their access to information and services. Local people’s participation is beneficial to communities, as it can improve their livelihoods.
Transformational leadership, trust, work involvement, soldier's job satisfaction

Article history: Received: March 3, 2020 Received in revised format: March 25 2020 Accepted: May 5, 2020 Available online: May 6, 2020 The purpose of this study is 1) to find out whether there is an influence of transformational leadership on soldier trust, 2) to find out whether there is an influence of transformational leadership on employee engagement, 3) to determine the effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction, 4) to determine the effect of trust on employee engagement, 5) to determine the effect of trust on soldier job satisfaction, 6) to determine the effect of Employee engagement on job satisfaction. The method used in this research is quantitative data collection methods. The data are collected through questionnaires and literature studies. The study uses structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses of this survey and the results have confirmed all the hypotheses of the survey. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Progress and Prospects of Multimodal Fusion Methods in Physical Human–Robot Interaction: A Review

Recent advances in physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI) have shown the potential and feasibility of robot systems for active and safe collaboration with humans. This induces high demand for real-time perception about the dynamic unity formed by robot, human, environment and operating objects. Single sensory modality is inadequate to give a robust estimate of the state of the unity. This paper provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art multi-modal fusion methods exploring their classifications, feasibilities and challenges based on the fact that pHRI is spatio-temporal sharing, multi-modal and multi-task. Finally, several directions of research are recommended based on the discussion of multi-modal fusion methods.
Thermotoga neapolitana bgIB gene, upstream of lamA, encodes a highly thermostable β-glucosidase that is a laminaribiase

The gene for thermostable 1,3-β-glucosidase BgIB was cloned from the chromosome of Thermotoga neapolitana and its primary sequence was determined. The purified recombinant β-glucosidase B had a monomer molecular mass of 81 kDa in accordance with the amino acid sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence of clone pTT51. It was a member of glycosylhydrolase family 3 and belonged to enzyme class EC 3.2. 1.21. β-Glucosidase B had a specific activity of 255 U mg-1on 4-nitrophenyl(PNP)-β-glucoside at the optima of pH (5.5) and temperature (90 °C), and K m values of 0.1, 10 and 50 mM for PNP-β-glucoside, laminaribiose and cellobiose, respectively. The gene bgIB was located immediately upstream of the laminarinase gene IamA. Both genes were transcribed from the same DNA strand and were not separated by a palindromic transcription terminator. The two purified enzymes 1,3-β-glucosidase BgIB (laminaribiase) and 1,3-β-glucanase LamA (laminarinase) were together capable of completely degrading laminarin to glucose.
Morphology of flowers and inflorescences

Part 1 Morphology of flowers: definition and morphological derivation of the flower, phlyogenetic aspects topological and symmetry properties of the flower the receptacle the perianth the androecium the gynoecium nectaries. Part 2 Morphology of the inflorescence: definition, descriptive terminology and classification of inflorescences typology of inflorescences special cases of inflorescence structure. Part 3 The flower as a formal and functional entity - aspects of the biology of pollination and dispersal mechanisms of self-pollination mechanisms which facilitate cross-pollination the fruit (the flower at the stage when the seeds are ripe) infructescences.
A Review of the Reality of Violent Offending and the Administration of Justice

Policy makers have recently been exploring methods to reduce incarceration. Most current proposals for reducing incarceration exclude people in prison who were convicted of violent crimes. This article considers violence exclusion from criminal justice reform by examining a sample released from New Jersey’s prisons (n = 375). We assess the hidden nature of the violence in the crime through a review of the characteristics behind the criminal label, with particular focus on the displayed aggravation and mitigation. Postrelease outcomes for this sample are compared with a sample released for nonviolent crimes (n = 1,185). Findings reveal people released for violent offenses frequently display mitigation, as opposed to aggravation. Those released for violent crimes are less likely to be rearrested than those released on nonviolence. The degree of severity of the violence itself has no bearing on the risk of rearrest. Accordingly, policy reform for those convicted of violence is considered.
Towards a Pro-Silience Framework: A Literature Review on Quantitative Modelling of Resilient 3PL Supply Chain Network Designs

The increasingly dynamic and volatile market environment has elevated the importance of handling operational risks in supply chain networks. Also, black swan risks are constantly evolving and can strike from almost anywhere, including natural disaster, cyber risk, or viruses. As more companies are outsourcing their logistics to third-party logistics (3PL), at the same time, supply chain risks and uncertainties are also shifted to 3PLs. A 3PL’s supply chain network capability to assure continuity can be expressed in terms of resilience, i.e., the ability of sensing and responding to disturbances or threats. Operations research/management science (OR/MS) methods have been widely applied in supply chain management. The objective of this paper is to look into research regarding the development of resilient 3PL supply chain network designs through the utilization of OR/MS methods. After extensive literature review, a so called pro-silience framework is developed aiming at improving resilience from a 3PL perspective maintaining or increasing its competitive advantage during and after major disruptions, yet also maintain competitiveness under normal operating conditions. Additionally, the framework offers insights into topics for future research.
Seasonal changes in territory use by red squirrels, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, and responses to food augmentation

Traditionally, the importance of food availability and intruder pressure on habitat use have been investigated through their influences on territory size. Food-augmentation studies are more prevalent; however, they are potentially confounded by the indirect effect of conspecific attraction to local food additions. Frequent ambiguous results may be attributed to the scale of investigation. Furthermore, such investigations have not considered potential seasonal influences. In this study, controlled experimental manipulations of food availability and conspecific density were performed within red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) territories in Algonquin Park, Ontario, to tease apart the relative importance of direct and indirect effects of food augmentation. Effects were investigated at two levels of scale, using territory size and giving-up densities (GUDs) within activity locations as response variables. Augmenting food, with or without simultaneously removing conspecifics, did not influence territory siz.
Acetabular Dysplasia: a Modern View of the Problem (Literature Review)

Summary. Hip dysplasia is the most common orthopedic problem in the practice of pediatric orthopedists. A significant problem with hip dysplasia is the divergence of nomenclature units, which is related to different points of view on the pathophysiology of the process. Contemporary conception defines hip dysplasia as a dynamic condition – “developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)”, which (in the absence of treatment) worsens with age and leads to the development of early hip osteoarthritis and requires hip replacement in young people. The leading macromorphological substrate of DDH is acetabular dysplasia, which is a spatial and structural change of acetabulum. For the treatment of acetabular dysplasia, conservative or surgical treatment (depending on the age of the child and the presence of previous treatment) is used. The most problematic solution is the treatment tactics for walking-age children. This is due to two factors: 1) increased loading on certain parts of the articular cartilage of the acetabulum during gait, which leads to the progression of deformity of the acetabulum and to progression of pathology; 2) changes in morphology of the intra-articular and extra-articular structures. However, better results with fewer complications are achieved after surgery. Biomechanically justified for acetabular dysplasia are pelvic osteotomies, which are divided into reconstructive and “salvage” procedures (preference is given to reconstructive procedures, which allows saving the native articular cartilage of acetabulum). Each osteotomy has its own advantages and disadvantages. When comparing three pelvic osteotomies commonly used in children (Salter, Pemberton and Dega), it is found that better results are achieved in children younger than 4 years after Salter’s osteotomy, results in older children are better after Dega’s osteotomy, and there is a high risk of femoroacetabular impingement following Pemberton’s osteotomy in the future.
Detailed balance efficiencies for luminescent solar concentrators with aligned semiconductor nanorods: the benefits of anisotropic emission

Abstract. Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) have been studied for decades as an alternative to conventional lens-based optical concentrators for improving the performance and lowering the cost of high-efficiency photovoltaic solar converters. However, the Stokes shift from luminophores that comprise the LSC entails that the strategy cannot achieve the well-known Shockley–Queisser conversion efficiency limit of 33.7%, even theoretically. We show how aligned semiconductor nanorods with anisotropic dipolar photoluminescence can partially overcome losses due to the Stokes shift. We also outline LSC designs with conversion efficiency >33.7 % and highlight how nanorods relax the demands on solar trackers in these proposals. Our analysis predicts efficiency increases even when nonradiative loss is comparable to current GaAs cells and when our models incorporate the experimentally measured anisotropy of colloidal dot-in-rod CdSe/CdS nanoparticles that we synthesized for this study. Fundamentally, these improvements result from the angular redistribution of light energy provided by the anisotropic, Stokes-shifted nanorod luminescence.
Modeling Active Learning in a Robot Collective

In this research, we model an active learning method on real robots that can visually learn from each other. For this purpose, we initially design an experiment scenario in which a teacher robot presents a simple classification task to a learner robot through which the learner robot can discriminate different colors based on a predefined lexicon. It is shown that, with passive learning, the learner robot is able to partially achieve the given task. Afterwards, we design an active learning procedure in which the learner robot can manifest what it understand from the presented information. Based on this manifestation, the teacher robot determines which parts of the classification system are misunderstood and it rephrases those parts. It is shown that, with the help of active learning procedure, the robots achieve a higher success rate in learning the simple classification task. In this way, we qualitatively analyze how active learning works and why it enhances learning.
Feeding frequency and its effect on feedlot performance in steers

One hundred and twenty commercial feedlot steers were penned and randomly allocated to three treatments: fed once, twice and three times per day, over a grower through finisher period of 196 d. Feeding frequency had no effect (P > 0.05) on average daily gain, feed intake or efficiency overall. We conclude that there are no beneficial effects in feeding a total mixed diet more frequently to feedlot steers. Key words: Feeding, frequency, gain, steers, feed efficiency
Unsteady Aligned MHD Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer of a Magnetic Nanofluids Past an Inclined Plate

A theoretical study has been done on the unsteady aligned MHD boundary layer flow as well as magnetic nanofluid’s heat transfer through an inclined plate with leading edge accretion. For conventional base fluid, water and kerosene were used as they contain magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Magnetic (Fe3O4) and non-magnetic (Al2O3) nanoparticles are compared as well. The governing partial differential equations are reduced into nonlinear ordinary differential equations through a suitable similarity transformation, where the Keller box method is used to solve numerically. Graphical and tabular results are discussed quantitatively in terms of the impact of pertinent parameters like magnetic parameter, , M magnetic field inclination angle, ,  angle of plate inclination,  nanoparticles volume fraction,  and free convection parameter, x Gr ,on the dimensionless velocity, skin friction coefficient, temperature and heat transfer rate. The outcomes indicate that the leading-edge accretion can significantly alter the fluid motion and the heat transfer attributes.