Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute Regulation of Na+-K+-ATPase Activity in Skeletal Muscles of Different Fibre Type Composition in Response to Insulin Exposure

iii Acknowledgements.v List of Abbreviations.viii List of Tables.x List of Figures . xi Chapter 1: Statement of the Problem Introduction.1-2 Na-K-ATPase structure and cellular localization. 2-3 Muscle isoforms of the Na-K-ATPase: Distribution and Properties.3-9 Na-K ATPase Responses to Contractile Activity.9-14 Regulation of the Na-K ATPase.14-23 Substrate utilization by, and energy supply of, the Na-K ATPase.24-27 Relationship between Na-K-ATPase and GLUT4 regulation.27-29 Rationale for this Study.29-31 Statement of the Problem & Hypotheses.32 Chapter 2: Methods.33-45 Chapter 3: Results. 46-62 Experiment 1. 46-49
Aplicaciones de la sericina: una proteina globular proveniente de la seda

Sericin is a protein found in silk. This one has different biological functions such as oxidation resistance, antibacterial and antimicrobial activity, and solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) protection, easy absorption and moisture release, inhibition of tyrosine and kinase’s activity and cellular additivity, anticoagulants and anticancer properties, and also promotes cell growth and wound healing. In this scientific review article will be reviewed general characteristics of both the fiber of silksilk worm Bombyx mori, and specifically of silk sericin (physico-chemical composition, structural properties and extraction methods). The potential use of sericin in food, drug and cosmetics applications will be also detailed, due to its valuable bioactive properties.
‘D’Anjou’ Pear Shoot Growth and Return Bloom, but Not Fruit Size, Are Reduced by Prohexadione-Calcium

Prohexadione-calcium (P-Ca) was applied to 'Anjou' pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees in the lower and upper Hood River Valley (HRV), Oregon, to determine its effectiveness for managing the excessive vigor of 'Anjou' under different growing climates. Vegetative growth and development (weekly shoot growth rate, total annual extension growth, number of initiated shoots, internodal length, and number of nodes), yield (fruit number and fruit size), and return bloom dynamics were evaluated between 2010 and 2013. P-Ca consistently reduced shoot elongation by '40% in all years and at both sites when doses of 250 ppm were applied in early spring (i.e., '5 cm of annual shoot extension) compared with untreated trees. Shorter shoots were the result of both reduced internodal growth and fewer nodes. In the cooler, upper HRV, a single P-Ca application controlled shoot elongation for the entire season, but in the warmer, lower HRV, a second flush of growth was generally observed '60 days after the first application. A subsequent P-Ca application (250 ppm) provided added growth control in some instances. Yield was unaffected by P-Ca the season of application; however, in one year, an increase in fruit number indirectly led to reduced fruit size; otherwise, fruit size was unaffected by P-Ca. Postharvest fruit quality was not influenced substantially by P-Ca. Return bloom, however, was consistently reduced by P-Ca. Return yield, the year after P-Ca application (recorded in 2013 only), was reduced in proportion to the decrease in return bloom relative to untreated trees. In 2012, ethephon was also evaluated, alone or in combination with P-Ca. When applied on its own either once (150 ppm, 5-cm growth), or twice (150 ppm, 5-cm growth; 300 ppm, 57 days after full bloom (DAFB)), ethephon did not affect vegetative growth or yield components but did improve return bloom and return yield relative to other treatments; however, when combined with P-Ca, ethephon did not reverse reductions in return bloom or return yield induced by P-Ca. The most effective ethephon treatment for promoting flowering and return yield (300 ppm, 57 DAFB) was not tested in combination with P-Ca. We conclude that P-Ca is an effective tool for controlling vigor of 'Anjou' trees, but the decrease in return bloom requires additional investigation. Further work testing combinations of ethephon and P-Ca are warranted to optimize growth and productivity of 'Anjou' trees.
Classification and Toxicological Examination of “Fugu” Imported from Formosa

“Fugu” imported from Formosa into Fukuoka Airport in 1977 were divided to species, and the flesh was examined for toxicity by mouse bioassay. The results are summarized below.1) Out of 6 specimens of Lagocephalus lunaris lunaris caught in the South China Sea, 5 were found to be toxic. The values of toxicity of the specimens ranged up to 171.2MU/g, and were estimated to be 39.3MU/g on average.2) One specimen each of Lagocephalus laevigatus inermis and Lagocephalus lunaris spadiceus caught in the South China Sea were both toxic, giving values as high as 21.5 and 11.8MU/g, respectively. However, all 11 specimens of Lagocephalus lunaris spadiceus caught in the East China Sea and to the north of this area were non-toxic.3) Both Lagocephalus lunaris lunaris and Lagocephalus lunaris spadiceus showed osteophyma-like swelling of the caudal vertebrae and postclaviculla. Thus, they could not be distinguished in terms of the swelling.4) The specimens of Lagocephalus lunaris spadiceus were divided into two broad classes based on the color of the backs; one was grayish olive, and the other was dark blue or dark green. The colors may be related to the geographical source of the fish.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF ESBL-PRODUCING Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS AT VAJIRA HOSPITAL, NAVAMINDRADHIRAJ UNIVERSITY

Increasing multidrug resistant E. coli infection in the hospital resulted in limited choice of therapy and high mortality rate. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence and genetic determinants of multidrug resistance in ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from clinical specimens submitted to the Microbiology Laboratory of Vajira hospital. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were identified by using automated Microscan WalkAway-40 SI system. Prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli was 54.3% (252/464). Majority of the ESBL isolates were from urine (48.4%, 122/252), and sputum (18.7%, 47/252). All ESBL isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime but susceptible to ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem. The percentage of resistance to cefoxitin, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin were 6.3%, 63%, 1.1%, 79.4%, 77.2%, 78.8%, respectively. Thirty ESBL producers were selected to determine bla and int genes by PCR and multiplex PCR method, respectively. The percentage of ESBL-producing E. coli positive for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaVEB, blaSHV, blaOXA-10-like on chromosome were 97%, 47%, 27%, 3%, 13%, and on plasmid were 97%, 47%, 17%, 3%, 3%, respectively. None of isolates were positive for blaOXA-2-like and blaOXA-40-like. The intl1 were detected on chromosome 77% and plasmid 73%. None of isolates were positive for intI2 and intI3. The blaCTX-M, was predominantly found on both chromosome and plasmid (97%). The results indicated more than 54% of clinical E. coli isolates were ESBL producers that still susceptible to carbapenems. High percentages of blaCTX-M and intI1 on both chromosome and plasmid suggested that horizontal transfer of ESBL-encoding genes would be readily in this setting.
Vergleich der Fettsäuren und der Isomerenverteilung der trans-C18:1-Fettsäuren von Milchfett, Margarine, Back-, Brat- und Diätfetten

Particulierement ces temps derniers des acides gras trans ont ete cites en relation avec des risques de sante comme par exemple l'atherosclerose et des maladies cardiovasculaires. On a donc analyse, a l'aide de la chromatographie gazeuse, 1756 graisses laitieres et 123 graisses alimentaires allemande d'origine vegetale et determine et compare, outre tous les acides gras principaux, les teneurs en 10 isomeres de position de trans-C18:1. Dans des conditions GC optimisees il etait possible, pour la premiere fois, de separer trans Δ13 et Δ14 ainsi que des pics des isomeres trans individuels resolus presque a la ligne de base. Base sur l'analyse de differents lots de marques identiques on a etabli des diminutions de la teneur en trans-C18:1 de 22 % respectivement 52 %, en moyenne, dans les margarines partiellement hydrogenees pour la periode du mois d'aout 1994 jusqu'au decembre 1994 et en janvier 1996 tandis que les teneurs en trans dans les shortenings/fritures partiellement hydrogenes etaient pratiquement toujours elevees. Conformement aux etudes actuelles des matieres grasses du lait, des margarines et des shortenings/fritures contiennent des teneurs moyennes en trans-C18:1 de 3.6 %, 4.6 % et de 11.9 %. En plus, les experiences ont revele que les teneurs en acide elaidique (C18:1-trans Δ9) qu'on utilise frequemment dans des etudes cliniques sont relativement basses dans la matiere grasse du lait bovin, c'est-a-dire 0.23 %, en moyenne. La margarine partiellement hydrogenee et des shortenings/fritures partiellement hydrogenes, par contre, contiennent des concentrations moyennes beaucoup plus elevees, c'est-a-dire 2.04 % (1994) et approximativement 1 % (1996) respectivement 2.28 %. D'autre part, les teneurs en acide vaccenique (transΔ11) sont les plus elevees dans la matiere grasse du lait (1.72 %) tandis que dans la margarine et les shortenings/fritures les concentrations sont plus basses (1.38 % (1994) et 0.7 % (1996) respectivement 1.45 %). Ces differences pourraient jouer un role dans la discussion sur le potentiel atherogenique different des graisses d'origine animale et vegetale. Base sur les resultats obtenus, on discute finalement l'ingestion quotidienne des differents isomeres de position trans-C18:1 a partir de la matiere grasse du lait bovin, de la margarine et des shortenings/fritures.
Spatial and temporal movement patterns of two snapper species at a multi-species spawning aggregation

: Spawning aggregations of reef fish tend to be predictable in time and space. The extent of movement, residence time and seasonality of the aggregation can be difficult to determine, but are important for effective management. We utilized acoustic transmitters and a receiver array to track dog snapper Lutjanus jocu and Cubera snapper Lutjanus cyanopterus within a multi-species spawning aggregation site at the Grammanik Bank in the US Virgin Islands from June 2014 to September 2015. Acoustic detections showed that both species utilized spawning areas of 1.4 to 1.5 km 2 , centered at the shelf promontory. The aggregation area of L. cyanopterus was situated along the shelf edge; the L. jocu aggregation may have been displaced by L. cyanopterus as it occupied some of the inner shelf as well. Receivers along the shelf edge recorded the longest residence times during the hours of spawning (16:45 to 20:00 h), suggesting this is likely a spawning site for both species. L. cyanopterus aggregated monthly from May through November, with residence time peaking in August. L. jocu aggregated monthly throughout the year and residence time did not vary significantly by month. Each month, detections increased in the week before and the first week after the full moon, but then decreased to zero by the third week after the full moon. This study outlines the spatial and temporal dimensions of the spawning aggregation, which can be applied to the management and development of protected areas.
The seasonal toxicological profile of four puffer fish species collected along Bengal coast, India

Toxicological profiles of the livers and ovaries of four Indian marine puffer fish species viz. Chelonodon patoca, Takifugu oblongus, Lagocephalus lunaris, Lagocephalus inermis collected along coastal Bengal of Digha-Talsari region were evaluated by mouse bioassay. Toxicity expressed in MU (mouse unit)/g in ovaries of all four species were high in monsoon (13.9 – 80 MU/g) and postmonsoon (8.9 – 136 MU/g) seasons during annual reproductive cycle. However, toxicity of livers was much lower (3.2 – 18.5 MU/g) in all the species with seasonal variation. Chelonodon patoca specimens were found to be most toxic and Lagocephalus inermis were least toxic in comparison to other species under investigation. Therefore, health hazard due to puffer fish consumption could be minimised by the information given in this study regarding lethality.
Twenty years of amyloid arthropathy research in chickens

AA amyloidosis (AAA) is a disease known as amyloid arthropathy in chicken, which represents substantial economic losses, in addition to welfare concerns. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is the major pathogen found in field outbreaks of amyloid arthropathy and its specific association with this disease has been extensively confirmed. The following review discusses the sequence types of E. faecalis associated with AAA that have been identified and characterised both poultry and humans and provide different hypotheses and theories about pathogenesis and transmission of this disease. This article covers the pathology both in field and induced cases of avian amyloidosis and concludes with approaches for a possible treatment, needs for further research and future perspectives. This paper is a consolidation of current knowledge on AAA in chickens which has been obtained over the last twenty years.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF ERYNGIUM FOETIDUM L. (APIACEAE)

Eryngium foetidum L. , belonging to Apiaceae is a biannual herb. It is used as an ethno-medicinal plant for the treatment of various ailments. The leaf decoction is used against gastrointestinal disorders and leaf paste as wound healing agent by the ethnic communities in the Kodagu district of Karnataka. Hence a study was designed to examine the antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaves of E. foetidum. The Soxhlet extraction was performed by using organic solvents like petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol. Each extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical tests. The results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of some active principles like glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of isolated extracts was performed with microorganisms like two Gram positive bacteria - Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, two Gram negative bacteria - Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a fungus Candida albicans by agar well diffusion method. The result of the antimicrobial activity revealed that the ethylacetate extract of E. foetidum showed the strongest antimicrobial activity among the five extracts against the four bacterial strains and C. albicans. This is also revealed that inhibition of ethylacetate extract against P.aeruginosa (28mm ) and C. albicans (18mm) was comparatively higher to that of the standard Gentamycin (18mm) and Nystatin (14mm) respectively. The result of present study supports traditional usage of E. foetidum and also suggests that ethyl acetate leaf extract possesses compounds with antimicrobial property that can be used as antimicrobial agents in new drug for the therapy of infectious diseases caused by pathogens.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF NON-REACTING POLLUTANTS TRANSPORT IN AN ADIABATIC ATMOSPHERE

In this work the model and simulation of transport phenomena in an environment representing an adiabatic atmosphere containing m pollutants is presented. The mathematical model consists of mass and momentum conservation for the air-pollutant mixture as well as the mass balance for the m pollutants. Some simplifying assumptions give rise to a nonlinear hyperbolic system of m+2 coupled partial differential equations. The problem is solved subjected to a discontinuous initial condition – a jump, originating, in most cases, shock waves. The resulting hyperbolic system is numerically approximated by means of Glimm’s scheme. Some examples considering m=3 illustrate the numerical methodology.
Parasites with possible zoonotic potential in the small intestines of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Northwest Bohemia (CzR)

Summary We determined the prevalence of primarily zoonotic parasites in the small intestines of 40 (20 males and 20 females) red foxes living near human dwellings. The total prevalence of parasite infection was 77.5 % (31/40); the prevalence was 37.5 % (15/40) for Toxocara canis and 35 % (14/40) for Toxascaris leonina. The mean intensity infection was 3 and 11 helminths for T. canis and T. leonina, respectively. The prevalence of other intestinal helminths and mean infection intensity in this study are given: Echinococcus multilocularis 40 % (16/40) with 1000 individuals, Mesocestoides spp. 40 % (16/40) with 8 individuals, Uncinaria stenocephala 10 % (4/40) with 8 individuals, and Taenia pisiformis 10 % (4/40) with 1 individual. With regards to prevalence and intensity of infection, as well as prevalence of individual parasites, there were no significant differences (P≥0.05) between male and female red foxes.
Multi-Stage Transmission Network Planning Considering Transmission Congestion in the Power Market

The uncertainty of generation and load increases in the transmission network in the power market. Considering the transmission congestion risk caused by various uncertainties of the transmission network, the optimal operation strategies of the transmission network under various operational scenarios are decided, aiming for the maximum of social benefit for the evaluation of the degree of scenario congestion. Then, a screening method for major congestion scenario is proposed based on the shadow price theory. With the goal of maximizing the difference between the social benefits and the investment and maintenance costs of transmission lines under major congestion scenarios, a multi-stage transmission network planning model based on major congestion scenarios is proposed to determine the configuration of transmission lines in each planning stage. In this paper, the multi-stage transmission network planning is a mixed integer linear programming problem. The DC power flow model and the commercial optimization software CPLEX are applied to solve the problem to obtain the planning scheme. The improved six-node Garver power system and the simplified 25-node power system of Zhejiang Province, China are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed multi-stage planning model.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanges in crassulacean acid metabolism plants. II: Effects of CO2 concentration and irradiance

Les effets de l'intensite de l'eclairement et de la concentration de CO 2 sur la photosynthese brute et nette en oxygene, sur la prise d'oxygene a la lumiere et sur la consommation de CO 2 a la lumiere et a l'obscurite ont ete etudies chez Kalanchœ Glossfeldiana et Sempervivum tectorum
Effect of Nitrogen on the Dynamics of Leaf Population Demography in Whole Plants of Wedelia trilobata

Premise of research. More detailed studies are required to evaluate the distribution of N among leaves and the whole-plant carbon gain in the absence of a light gradient. This study assessed the effect of leaf age on photosynthetic capacity and leaf N content simultaneously with the calculation of leaf demographic parameters in plants of Wedelia trilobata growing horizontally at three levels of nitrogen availability. Methodology. Leaf production, leaf death rates, leaf life span, and the decline in maximum photosynthetic rate with age were measured. With these data, the structure of leaf age population in whole plants was constructed, and their effect on the distribution of N among leaves and the whole-plant carbon gain was projected. Pivotal results. In all N treatments, leaf age regulated the photosynthetic capacity along the life of the leaf and established a nonuniform distribution of leaf N content in the leaves present in the plant. Leaf age structure showed that with the increase in N availability, the leaf population tends to be younger. The major contribution of carbon took place in the early life of the leaf, but the relative importance of the older leaves was different among treatments. Conclusions. The use of traditional demographic approaches allowed the scaling up of leaf carbon gain from leaf to whole plant in a species with horizontally oriented branches and demonstrated that an optimal leaf age structure at different N availabilities may be important to maximize whole-plant carbon gain under the same light condition.
9. Composition of sow colostrum and milk

Components of milk include proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and cells. The contents of these components are affected by a variety of factors, with stage of lactation having the most dramatic influence on composition. Mammary secretions from the sow during the initial 24 h after parturition are generally higher in concentrations of immunoglobulins, some microminerals and vitamins, and hormones and growth factors, and lower in concentrations of lactose, when compared with mature milk. Fat concentration in sow milk is transiently increased during the period from day 2 to day 4 of lactation. The composition of milk after day 7 to day 10 is relatively stable for the remainder of lactation. Diet can affect some milk components, including concentrations of fat, fat-soluble vitamins and some minerals, as well as proportions of specific fatty acids. Genetics, parity, colostrum and milk yield, and ambient temperature have also been found to affect component composition of colostrum and milk. This chapter summarizes some of the literature available on sow colostrum and milk composition. Benchmark averages of component concentrations based on values reported in the literature are also provided.
Contribution à la connaissance de l'appareil génital de Typhlonectes compressicauda (Duméril et Bibron, 1841), Amphibien Gymnophione. I. Gonadogenèse

Le developpement des gonades des Gymnophiones est tres peu connu. Chez l'espece vivipare Typhlonectes compressicauda, au stade 23 du developpement, les cellules germinales primordiales d'origine endodermique migrent vers les futures ebauches gonadiques situees de part et d'autre de l'aorte par l'intermediaire d'une crete mediane impaire. La migration se poursuit aux stades 24 et 25. Les glandes genitales primordiales se developpent entre les stades 26 et 29. A partir du stade 30, les parties corticales et medullaires des gonades sont differenciees. A cette periode, les gonocytes migrent toujours, des cellules folliculaires sont observees autour des gonocytes situes dans les glandes genitales. C'est seulement aux stades 32 ou 33 ou meme apres, c'est-a-dire pres de la naissance que les gonades sont differenciees en testicules ou en ovaires. Le developpement des gonades de Typhlonectes compressicauda se fait selon le modele classique observe chez les Amphibiens et en particulier les Anoures, la differenciation sexuelle apparait cependant tardivement, bien apres la metamorphose.