Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Scheme for Controlled Islanding to Prevent Subsequent Blackout

The power systems operated by the utilities in developing countries suffer from a large gap between demand and generation, inadequate transmission capacity, and nonuniform location of the load centers and generating stations. Occurrences of faults in such systems, in most of the cases, end up with the worst consequences, i. e. , complete blackout. This paper illustrates the way a blackout can be prevented in real-time through controlled segregation of a system into a number of viable islands together with generation and/or load shedding. The nature and location of any fault that warrants such islanding can be ascertained in real-time through monitoring the active power (MW) flows at both ends of a number of prespecified lines. The blackout of 20 June 1998 in the Bangladesh Power Development Board system is used as an example. The philosophy of the proposed islanding scheme may be considered for implementation in other power systems also.
Association between Acute Myocardial Infarction , Lipid Profile and Smoking Habit

Background: Myocardial Infarction is the most common form of heart disease and the single most important cause of death in the developed and developing world. Myocardial infarction is the irreversible necrosis of heart muscle secondary to prolonged ischemia. The death of heart muscle from the sudden blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the association between total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides in serum of patients with myocardial infarction. Also the association between smoking and development of myocardial infarction. Methods: In this study hundred and seventy four patients (125 males and 49 females) of Libyan attended in an Emergency department and Intensive Care in Tajoura National Heart Center during the period from 4/2013 to 12/2013, with diagnosis of myocardial infarction and their age range from 30-90 years old. Results: In the present study the results indicated that myocardial infarction is more common in male patients (71.8%) than female patients (28.2%). Males are much more liable to myocardial infarction than female patients in the age ranges less than 50 years old. However with age range of more than 60 years old myocardial infarction is more common in female patients than male patients. The results of the present study, showed that there is no clear evidence that increased total blood cholesterol and triglycerides concentration play an important role in development of myocardial infarction in the patients included in this study, if compared with the high percentage of patients with myocardial infarction and having normal lipid profile, concerning cholesterol and triglycerides blood level. Our study demonstrates that the percentage of smokers with myocardial infarction, is significantly higher than non smokers. The percentage of smoker male patients with myocardial infarction is (61.6) and that of non smoker male patients is (38.4). Conclusion: No clear evidence that increased total blood cholesterol and triglycerides concentration play an important role in development of myocardial infarction in those patients included in this study. The effect of cigarette smoking on the development of myocardial infarction was more pronounced in younger age male patients than older ones.
Cow's milk allergens

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is mainly an IgEmediated hypersensitivity reaction, although other immune mechanisms or clinical (delayed or late) reactions have also been identified (1). In an extensive review. Host (2) noted that estimates of the total incidence of reactions to cow's milk vary greatly with differences in study design, criteria for diagnosis, and geography. Moreover, figures actually most often refer to adverse reactions which may be caused both by type I immunologic mechanisms (CMA, strictly speaking) and by cow's milk intolerance. Incidence thus varies from 0.1 to 7.5% (3, 4). Cow's milk allergy/intolerance was diagnosed in 1.9-2.8% of general populations of infants in the first 2 years of life in different countries of northern Europe (5, 6), but its incidence fell to approx. 0.3% in children older than 3 years (7). Cow's milk allergy/intolerance is usually developed in early infancy, and children are said to outgrow their milk intolerance reactions. However, CMA also occasionally occurs in adults. Bjornsson et al. (8) found a prevalence of 1 % of CMA in adults in Sweden, and, interestingly, in a retrospective study on 34 adults allergic to milk and dairy products who were diagnosed in Switzerland between 1981 and 1991, women represented 91.2% of the study group (9).
Cutting fluid aerosol generation in near-dry turning

The generation of aerosol using the cutting fluids in machining processes presents a concern from the standpoint of pollution to the environment. Near-dry machining, as a method of applying only a minute amount of cutting fluid, has been developed to address the air quality issue. This paper presents the establishment of an analytical method to quantitatively predict the air quality in the near-dry turning operation. The analytical prediction is based on the modelling of cutting temperature, aerosol generation mechanism and spatial and temporal diffusion. The cutting temperature model is obtained by considering moving and stationary heat sources in the cutting tool. The aerosol generation mechanism model contains two primary parts: the evaporation mechanism due to high temperature in the cutting zone and the air blast splash mechanism due to the kinetic energy of the air-fluid mixture under the near-dry condition. The diffusion model provides the calculation of the aerosol concentration at a distance from the cutting zone as a function of time due to the concentration gradient. The calibration and validation of the model have been performed experimentally with the use of light-scattering particle counting under various cutting conditions. Results show that the model agrees well with the measurements and that, under normal cutting conditions, the cutting fluid flow rate is the dominant factor for the aerosol generation rate.
A comparative study of time management and energy consumption in mobile cloud computing

The effectiveness and influence rate of cloud computing services in devices with limited power and computation resources (e.g. mobile devices) has been considered by many researchers and has led to many performed researches and IT products for these devices. One of the most challenging issues during migration of applications and processes to clouds is the rate energy consumption and time management in comparison with local applications. In this paper, a comparative experimental study has been presented to compare the rate of energy consumption and total execution time in mobile cloud computing and local devices. Hence, three cloud-based environments and two mobile devices with various computation resources were selected to host a cryptography application. Furthermore, cloud-based servers were selected in several places with different distance from the experiment site to investigate the effect of distance and number of hops in the performance of application. The application was run 25 times with different size of plain text to determine the performance of each environment during various workloads. The results showed that the rate of energy consumption and execution time were reduced significantly in cloud-based environments regarding to limited computation resources of mobile devices. This decrease was more considerable when the number of workloads had been increased.
A Review Article on Nanodiamonds Discussing Their Properties and Applications

With the rapid development of Nano science and nanotechnology, a wide variety of nanomaterial have been synthesized and discovered. Diamond nanoparticles, or Nanodiamonds, have the most disparate origins. Diamond nanoparticles are another form of carbon nanomaterial’s with unique properties and applications They are found in crude oil at concentrations up to thousands of parts per million, in meteorites, interstellar dust, and protoplanetary nebulae, as well as in certain sediment layers on Earth. They can also be produced in the laboratory by chemical vapor deposition or by detonating high explosive materials [27] . Nano diamonds have excellent mechanical and optical properties, high surface areas and tunable surface structures. Diamond nanoparticles are another form of carbon nanomaterial with unique properties and applications. Here we review the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of individual Nano diamonds and clusters of Nano diamonds and their biomedical applications.
Optimized bone regeneration based on sustained release from three‐dimensional fibrous PLGA/HAp composite scaffolds loaded with BMP‐2

Contemporary treatment of critical bone defect remains a significant challenge in the field of orthopedic surgery. Engineered biomaterials combined with growth factors have emerged as a new treatment alternative in bone repair and regeneration. Our approach is to encapsulate bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) into a polymeric matrix in different ways and characterize their individual performance in a nude mouse model. The main objective of this study is to examine whether the PLGA/HAp composite fibrous scaffolds loaded with BMP‐2 through electrospinning can improve bone regeneration. The hypothesis is that different loading methods of BMP‐2 and different HAp contents in scaffolds can alternate the release profiles of BMP‐2 in vivo, therefore modify the performance of scaffolds in bone regeneration. Firstly, mechanical strength of scaffolds and HAp nanoparticles distribution in scaffolds were investigated. Secondly, nude mice experiments extended to 6 weeks were carried out to test the in vivo performance of these scaffolds, in which measurements, like serum BMP‐2 concentration, ALP activity, X‐ray qualification, and H&E/IHC tissue staining were utilized to monitor the growth of new bone and the changes of the corresponding biochemical parameters. The results showed that the PLGA/HAp composite scaffolds developed in this study exhibited good morphology/mechanical strength and HAp nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed inside PLGA matrix. Results from the animal experiments indicate that the bioactivity of BMP‐2 released from the fibrous PLGA/HAp composite scaffolds is well maintained, which further improves the formation of new bone and the healing of segmental defects in vivo. It is concluded that BMP‐2 loaded PLGA/HAp composite scaffolds are promising for bone healing. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008; 99; 996–1006. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A New Population of Cells Lacking Expression of CD27 Represents a Notable Component of the B Cell Memory Compartment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus1

Human memory B cells comprise isotype-switched and nonswitched cells with both subsets displaying somatic hypermutation. In addition to somatic hypermutation, CD27 expression has also been considered a universal memory B cell marker. We describe a new population of memory B cells containing isotype-switched (IgG and IgA) and IgM-only cells and lacking expression of CD27 and IgD. These cells are present in peripheral blood and tonsils of healthy subjects and display a degree of hypermutation comparable to CD27+ nonswitched memory cells. As conventional memory cells, they proliferate in response to CpG DNA and fail to extrude rhodamine. In contrast to other recently described CD27-negative (CD27neg) memory B cells, they lack expression of FcRH4 and recirculate in the peripheral blood. Although CD27neg memory cells are relatively scarce in healthy subjects, they are substantially increased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in whom they frequently represent a large fraction of all memory B cells. Yet, their frequency is normal in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or chronic hepatitis C. In SLE, an increased frequency of CD27neg memory cells is significantly associated with higher disease activity index, a history of nephritis, and disease-specific autoantibodies (anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith (Sm), anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP), and 9G4). These findings enhance our understanding of the B cell diversification pathways and provide mechanistic insight into the immunopathogenesis of SLE.
Comparative Effects of Quinapril with Enalapril in Rats with Heart Failure

The cardioprotective properties of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, quinapril and enalapril were studied in a rat model of heart failure. Seventy-five rats were divided into five groups and administered quinapril or enalapril at 2 and 20 mg/kg/day (groups Q2, Q20, E2 and E20) or vehicle alone (group V, all groups n = 15). Although both ACE inhibitors improved survival rate and ventricular function in a dose-dependent manner, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and expression level of transforming growth factor-β1 mRNA were the lowest in group Q20. These results suggest that quinapril may confer greater protection than enalapril against injury from the renin-angiotensin system in heart failure.
‘Normal’ and ‘failing’ mothers: Women’s constructions of maternal subjectivity while living with multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis causes physical and cognitive impairment that can impact women’s experiences of motherhood. This study examined how women construct their maternal subjectivities, or sense of self as a mother, drawing on a framework of biographical disruption. A total of 20 mothers with a multiple sclerosis diagnosis took part in semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analysed using thematic decomposition to identify subject positions that women adopted in relation to cultural discourses of gender, motherhood and illness. Three main subject positions were identified: ‘The Failing Mother’, ‘Fear of Judgement and Burdening Others’ and ‘The Normal Mother’. Women’s sense of self as the ‘Failing Mother’ was attributed to the impact of multiple sclerosis, contributing to biographical disruption and reinforced through ‘Fear of Judgement and Burdening Others’ within social interactions. In accounts of the ‘Normal Mother’, maternal subjectivity was renegotiated by adopting strategies to manage the limitations of multiple sclerosis on mothering practice. This allowed women to self-position as ‘good’ mothers. Health professionals can assist women by acknowledging the embodied impact of multiple sclerosis on maternal subjectivities, coping strategies that women employ to address potential biographical disruption, and the cultural context of mothering, which contributes to women’s experience of subjectivity and well-being when living with multiple sclerosis.
Visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure: correlated with the changes of arterial stiffness and myocardial perfusion in on-treated hypertensive patients

Abstract Background: Visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure (BP) was demonstrated to correlate with cardiovascular events independent of mean BP. The goal of the present study was to investigate the correlation of visit-to-visit BP variability with artery stiffness and myocardial perfusion in on-treated hypertensive patients. Methods: BP was measured in 271 hypertensive patients at every visit over the course of the antihypertensive treatment, and the standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), maximum, and minimum in serial BP were calculated. Non-invasive pulse wave analysis was performed in all patients. Results: Compared with baseline, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), aortic augmentation index (Aix) and Aix adjusted to a “standard heart rate” of 75 beats/min (Aix@HR75) were markedly declined, and sub-endocardial viability ratio (SEVR) was obviously increased in each group (p < 0.001). The changes of cfPWV, SEVR, Aix and Aix@HR75 in patients with lower SD of systolic blood pressure (SBP) were significantly greater than those in patients with higher SD of SBP. And the changes were statistically correlated with both SD and CV of serial SBP during follow-up, even after adjusted for mean SBP and mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Conclusion: Visit-to-visit SBP variability is independently correlated with changes of artery stiffness and myocardial perfusion in on-treated hypertensive patients.
Situation Awareness Is Adaptive, Externally Directed Consciousness

We define situation awareness (SA) as adaptive, externally directed consciousness. This definition dispels the artificial and contentious division evident in the literature, according to which SA is either exclusively knowledge or exclusively process. This misdirected rivalry has more to do with general perspectives on the study of human behavior than with SA itself. Through defining SA as an aspect of consciousness, we hope to clarify two key issues. (1) The source of goals with respect to SA is a normative arbiter in the task environment; that is, the behavior that SA generates must be directed at an external goal. (2) SA is the invariant at the core of the agent's perception-action cycle that supports skilled performance; that is, relationships among factors or dimensions in the environment determine what the agent must know and do to achieve the goals specified by the external arbiter. We introduce a construct we call the risk space to represent the invariant relations in the environment that enable the agent to adapt to novel situations and to attain prespecified goals. We articulate this concept of a risk space through use of a specific example in commercial aircraft operations. The risk space structures information about the physical airspace in a manner that captures the momentary knowledge that drives action and that satisfies the goals and performance criteria for safe and efficient flight. We note that the risk space may be generalized to many different means of navigation.
Protein status of general surgical patients.

In a survey of the protein nutritional status of all patients on the surgical wards of an urban municipal hospital, accepted standards indicated moderate to severe protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) in one half of these patients as judged by triceps skin fold and arm muscle circumference measurements. Weight for height was less severely affected. Although serum albumin levels were recorded in only 43% during the perisurvey periods, the correlation between arm muscle circumference and serum albumin level was highly significant, suggesting that this measurement would substantiate a rate of approximately 50% malnutrition. ( JAMA 230:858-860, 1974)
Male reproductive organs of the African elephant, Loxodonta africana.

Summary. Results are presented of detailed dissections ofthe reproductive tracts of eight adult male African elephants and of one full-term male foetus, together with additional information obtained from the examination of a number of other bulls and cows. A notable feature of the elephant's tract is the absence of a pampini\x=req-\ form plexus, cremaster muscle and inguinal canal; this is consistent with the intra-abdominal location of the testes. The weight of the testes and the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules appear to be related to the size and hence the age of the animal. Active spermatogenesis was observed in all the adult testes examined. Testosterone was isolated from the testes and identified by infra-red spectroscopy ; the testicular testosterone concentrations ranged from 3 to 490 \g=m\g/100 g testis and were apparently unrelated to season, age, behavioural status or vesicular fructose concentrations. and in one instance motile spermatozoa were recovered from the bladder 6 hr after death.
Tractable Strong Outlier Identification

In knowledge bases expressed in default logic, outliers are sets of literals, or observations, that feature unexpected properties. This paper introduces the notion of strong outliers and studies the complexity problems related to outlier recognition in the fragment of acyclic normal unary theories and the related one of mixed unary theories. We show that recognizing strong outliers in acyclic normal unary theories can be done in polynomial time. Moreover, we show that this result is sharp, since switching to either general outliers, cyclic theories or acyclic mixed unary theories makes the problem intractable. This is the only fragment of default theories known so far for which the general outlier recognition problem is tractable. Based on these results, we have designed a polynomial time algorithm for enumerating all strong outliers of bounded size in an acyclic normal unary default theory. These tractability results rely on the Incremental Lemma, an interesting result on its own, that provides conditions under which a mixed unary default theory displays a monotonic reasoning behavior.
A millimeter-wave FMCW radar system simulator for automotive applications including nonlinear component models

A fully differential millimeter wave frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar architecture is built up in Agilent's RF design and system simulation environment ADS® to investigate the influence of RF impairments on system level on the target signal. To take also the surroundings of the automotive scenario into account a 3D ray tracing channel simulator is coupled in a Matlab® co-simulation providing realistic data of the traffic situation. Therefore investigations on the performance of the radar frontend in an automotive long range radar (LRR) application are enabled, the functionality of the circuitry can be verified and components designed in the most beneficial way, so that the best performance is achieved with the available resources. For nonlinear behavior the frontend components are parameterized according to recently published values for 77GHz SiGe circuits. The functionality of the complete simulation environment is demonstrated by calculating a typical traffic situation.
Development of an e-learning package on Service-Learning for university teachers: experience from Hong Kong

Abstract To help university teachers to understand Service-Learning and develop Service-Learning subjects, a 3-h+ e-learning package was developed at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU). There are seven units in this e-learning package: introduction session (Unit 1), what is Service-Learning? (Unit 2), impact and benefits of Service-Learning (Unit 3), myths and positive attitudes toward Service-Learning (Unit 4), developing a Service-Learning subject at PolyU (Unit 5), self-reflection about Service-Learning (Unit 6), and concluding session (Unit 7). To understand the views of the users on the e-learning package, the package was offered before formal launching. For the first offering, three focus group sessions were held. Results showed that the users were satisfied with the structural arrangement of the e-learning package and agreed that the e-learning package was useful for them to understand more about Service-Learning. For the second offering, colleagues were generally satisfied with the e-learning package and demonstrated gain in knowledge on Service-Learning. Suggestions for improvement were noted.