Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feature Selection for Real-Time Drilling Sensing Systems Based on Linear Discriminants

Robust sensing frameworks such as high-speed inline drilling sensors provide a better understanding of drillingstring dynamics for a complete picture of the drilling processes. This understanding comes mostly from having a robust data analytics platform where clear understanding of the downhole phenomena is represented using either physics models or digital twins. Most of the current analytical, based on a comprehensive review of technical per-review papers, have been carried out using cloud computing resources. The proposed data processing approach provides a suitable methodology where analysis of multi-channel heterogeneous sources, such as the outputs of high-speed inline drilling sensors, are processed within a given window of time. Feature selection is attained using linear discriminants which provides an accurate assessment of the type of patterns the machine learning framework needs to use as a reference. Linear discriminants have shown feature selection provides a clear path towards the synthesis of real-time deterministic synthetic sensors. Measurements for torque and bending share same units and use similar evaluation of the physical phenomena. There are additional measurement devices in the sensing suite those provide rotational speed, acceleration, pressure and temperature. The data this heterogeneous framework provides needs to be properly aligned using the system's embedded clock as a reference. A machine learning framework tuned to the features found using linear discriminants can discern and predict signal behaviors. At this point, it is possible to provide feedback in case of abnormal activity while generating relevant key performance indicators (KPI) suitable for drilling optimization and torque modeling. This paper offers two major novel ideas. Firstly, evaluation of machine learning approaches using linear discriminants for real-time deterministic systems has not been documented as part of any automation effort in the oil & gas vertical. Secondly, the use of inline drilling sensors data makes it an important milestone towards the implementation of control frameworks using surface instrumentation data based on a highly desirable set of data points and assured data quality. For readability purposes, the paper has been organized in three sections: 1) description of data flows considering current machine learning (ML) methodologies used in O&G and evaluation of their approach towards deterministic behaviors; 2) comparison of current vs ideal sensor architectures and their influences on data analytics approaches; 3) description of approach used for time series analysis assuming an on-sensor analytics implementation.
The resistance ofListeria monocytogenesto high hydrostatic pressure in foods

Two strains ofListeria monocytogenes(NCTC 11994, Lm1 and a poultry isolate, Lm2) were exposed to high pressure (375MPa) in ultra high temperature (UHT) treated milk, raw chicken mince, raw beef mince, cooked chicken mince and cooked beef mince for up to 30min at ambient temperature. Survival of the two strains in UHT milk was significantly greater than previously observed in non-nutrient phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Survival in cooked chicken mince and cooked beef mince was only marginally greater than survival in PBS, whilst survival in raw chicken and raw beef mince was generally less than observed in PBS. In all food substrates, the proportion of survivors sustaining injury increased with increasing duration of compression. The two strains were also treated at 375MPa in cooked beef mince for up to 30min at 45°C. Inactivation of both strains was greater at 45°C than at ambient temperature. Treatment at 375MPa for 5min at 45°C resulted in approximately 4.5log8-cycle reduction; however extending the treatment time resulted in only a slight further decrease in cell counts. The effects of temperature (25, 35, 45 and 55°C) on survival at 200 and 375MPa (15min) in UHT milk was also assessed. Increasing the temperature resulted in increasing levels of inactivation.
Natural Gas Dehydration: A Triethylene Glycol-Water System Analysis

Abstract Absorption by means of triethylene glycol is one of the most popular methods for natural gas dehydration. In spite of this popularity, thermodynamic modeling of the system TEG-water is still rather inaccurate, especially with regard to systems at high temperature and high TEG concentration, which are typical conditions in the glycol regeneration unit. Available experimental data were selected and correlated by means of a thermodynamic model based on the Peng-Robinson equation of state. Obtained results show that the model provides a good representation of experimental data and leads to a reliable prevision on typical plant data. Because of its accuracy and simplicity, the proposed model is a valuable tool for the design of natural gas dehydration processes.
The nature of dilute solutions of sodium ion in water, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran

Monte Carlo statistical mechanics simulations have been carried out for dilute solutions of Na+ in water and tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 25 °C and 1 atm. The intermolecular interactions were described by Lennard‐Jones and Coulomb terms in the TIPS format including the TIPS2 parameters for water–water interactions. In conjunction with previous simulation results for Na+ in methanol, the present study provides detailed insights into the nature of ionic solvation by dipolar protic and aprotic solvents. In agreement with x‐ray data, the coordination number of Na+ in water is six, identical to the value obtained for Na+ in methanol. However, the coordination number of Na+ in THF fluctuates between five and six. Consistently, the ion–solvent interaction is less exothermic in THF compared to the other two solvents. However, the heat of solution which is the sum of two large opposing contributions, viz., the ion–solvent energy and the solvent reorganization energy, does not differ much for the three solvents. In all.
Colony relocation of Greater Crested Terns Thalasseus bergii in Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia

A newly established Greater Crested Tern Thalasseus bergii colony was observed on Kanowna Island, northern Bass Strait, in December 2019 and was monitored through January 2020. A maximum of 532 ± 28 nests was counted,representing ~15–20% of the known northern Bass Strait breeding population. Resightings of 69 leg-banded individuals (from 3 to 24 years of age) demonstrated that founding individuals originated from colonies in Victoria [The Nobbies on Phillip Island (54%), Corner Inlet Barrier Islands (39%), Mud Islands in Port Phillip Bay (6%)] and one individual from South Australia. Breeding began 2 months later than usual for northern Bass Strait, perhaps because the birds only moved to Kanowna Island after failed nesting attempts elsewhere (Corner Inlet and Phillip Island). Individuals were observed to mainly feed their chicks with Barracouta Thyrsites atun and Jack Mackerel Trachurus declivis, contrasting with the usual predominance of Australian Anchovy Engraulis australis in the diet of this species in the Bass Strait region. This relocation may result from local changes in prey availability and/or a combination of potential human disturbance, predation and storm events. The recent 50% decrease in the number of breeding Greater Crested Terns in Victoria suggests substantial changes in the regional environmental conditions, highlighting the importance of understanding the impact of environmental variations on seabird species.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS

The problem of selecting a material with an extreme value of its performance using its anisotropy is considered. It is important for specialists of metallurgical profile to be able not only to select the material for realization of the set engineering task, but also to use its anisotropy, and to be able to determine the orientation of the material with the extreme value of its performance. Mathematical modeling and computer analysis of anisotropy of tensor coefficients using the example of thermal expansion coefficient have been performed. Since thermal expansion, like any tensor physical property of crystals, is a continuous function of direction, then in order to determine the directions with a zero value of thermal expansion, the following ratio must be satisfied: αn = 0. This can only happen if the main components of the thermal expansion tensor have different symbols. The Mathcad Prime 6 software complex has defined a function that performs the calculation of the value of thermal expansion coefficients in crystals in any direction, calculated the value and position of extremums of thermal expansion coefficients, and constructed an index surface, a stereographic projection of the index surface and the cross section of the index surface of thermal expansion coefficients X1X3. The lowest and highest values of the thermal expansion coefficient of the crystal have been found.
On the topology of a real analytic curve in the neighborhood of a singular point

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. On the topology of a real analytic curve in the neighborhood of a singular point Étienne Ghys, Christopher-Lloyd Simon
The photoelectron bandstructure of molybdenum disulphide

An experimental electronic bandstructure of molybdenum disulphide has been determined from angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS) measurements: polar-angle-dependent ARUPS at a photon energy of 21.2 eV allows the authors to obtain an approximate plot of dispersion parallel to the basal face while photon-energy-dependent ARUPS at normal emission gives a plot of dispersion perpendicular to this face. The experimental bandstructure is compared with three calculations and, while there is a general agreement, specific aspects are better reproduced when there is self-consistency in the calculations. An analysis difficulty reported earlier for polar angle ARUPS for this material can now be understood as arising from incorrect labelling of symmetry directions in the experiment.
Evaluating the Effect of Multiple Filters in Automatic Language Identification without Lexical Knowledge

The classical language identification architecture would require a collection of languages independent text and speech information for training by the system before it can identify the languages correctly. This paper also address language identification framework however with data has been downsized considerably from general language identification architecture. The system goal is to identify the type of language being spoken to the system based on a series of trained speech with sound file features and without any language text data or lexical knowledge of the spoken language. The system is also expected to be able to be deployed in mobile platform in future. This paper is specifically about measuring the performance optimisation of audio filters on a CNN model integration for the language identification system. There are several metric to gauge the performance identification system for a classification problem. Precision, recall and F1 Scores is presented for the performance evaluation with different combination of filters together with CNN model as the framework of the language identification system. The goal is not to get the best filter for noise, instead to identify the filter that is a good fit to develop language model with environmental noise for a robust language identification system. Our experiments manage to identify the best combination of filters to increase the accuracy of language identification using short speech. This resulting us to modify our pre-processing phase in the overall language identification system.
cw midinfrared W diode and interband cascade lasers

We studied the I-V characteristics, lasing thresholds, and wall plug efficiencies of type-II “W” mid-IR diode lasers from 16 different wafers. At T=90K, the wall plug efficiency for a 1-mm-long gain-guided device was >10% and the slope efficiency was 142mW∕A (38% external quantum efficiency). When a 22-μm-wide ridge was lithographically defined on a five-period W with ap-GaSb etch stop layer, the maximum cw operating temperature increased to 230K. We also investigated ten-stage interband cascade lasers containing W active quantum wells. While the low-temperature threshold current densities were somewhat higher than in the W diodes, at higher temperatures the pulsed thresholds were slightly lower. The threshold voltage was only ≈0.1V larger than the photon energy multiplied by the number of stages, corresponding to a voltage efficiency of >96%, while the differential series resistance-area product above threshold was as low as 0. 21mΩcm2 at 100K. At T=78K, the cw slope efficiency was 0.48mW∕A (126% external.
Addressing the Global Emergencies of Climate and Human Rights from Below: A View from the Pedagogy of Development Ethics and International Social Work

Abstract:Acknowledging that the climate emergency is a transdisciplinary challenge that changes everything, this paper offers reflections on teaching and research, attending to the public and students' demands, witnessed at a global climate protest—‘to not remain as bystanders, but join in action! ‘ It asks, what could we begin to do to teach, research and write for climate action, and for solidarity? We offer a joint reflection on the experience of a collaborative Erasmus+ Disciplinary Excellence in Teaching, Learning and Assessment (Erasmus DELTA) training exchange and consider the challenges and benefits for engaged scholarship, subject specific curriculum enhancement and creative pedagogy.
RELAÇÃO ALTURA-DIÂMETRO PARA UM POVOAMENTO CLONAL JOVEM DE TECTONA GRANDIS LINN F. NA AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL, BRASIL / HYPSOMETRIC RELATION FOR A YOUNG CLONAL PLANTATION OF TECTONA GRANDIS LINN F. IN EASTERN AMAZON, BRAZIL

The measurement of the height variable consists of a costly operation and conducive to errors that may overestimate or underestimate the other parameters of a forest. With this, this work aimed to obtain a hypsometric model for a young clonal planting of Tectona grandis in the Eastern Amazon. Five permanent plots were established, measured at 18 months of age of planting, using a fixed area method, with plots of 60 x 60 m, under simple random sampling process. With data from 120 trees, 11 hipsometric, four linear and seven nonlinear models were adjusted. The equations were validated by the Chi-square test. For selection, the criteria were used: significance of the F statistic of the variance analysis (ANOVA) of the regression; adjusted coefficient of determination (R2aj.%); standard error of the percentage estimate (Syx%) and recalculated (Syxr%); mean percentage deviation (DMP%); and graph of observed and predicted values. In the results we observed correlations ranging from strong to very strong between diameter and height. In the modeling, equation 5 (hyperbolic), nonlinear, was selected, because it presented better statistical criteria, with R2aj. = 92,45%, Syx% = 5,32%, DMP% = 0,002% and non-biased and validated residual distribution. Therefore, she it may be indicated to estimate the total height variable of T. grandis individuals.
Rotating Disk Electrode Measurements on the CO Tolerance of a High‐Surface Area Pt/Vulcan Carbon Fuel Cell Catalyst

We examine the electrocatalytic properties of a Pt/Vulcan carbon catalyst toward the electro‐oxidation of CO and mixtures under proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) relevant conditions (60 to 80°C, continuous reactant flow), employing rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements. We demonstrate that our recently introduced thin‐film RDE technique can be applied to predict the performance of real fuel cell anodes operating on CO‐contaminated . The method involves attaching the catalyst particles to a glassy carbon RDE via a thin Nafion film. The thin‐film RDE technique opens the possibility for the mass‐transport‐free determination of the electrode kinetics at 100% catalyst utilization. At identical mass‐specific current densities, the overpotentials for oxidation measured with the thin‐film RDE technique are in excellent agreement with performance data from PEMFC anodes. The kinetics of pure CO oxidation were investigated with mixtures, revealing that the CO oxidation activity increases with decreasing CO partial pressure (negative reaction order). The observed ignition potential for CO oxidation was the same for both the and the mixtures. Two oxidation mechanisms in the presence of CO can be distinguished: (i) a high Tafel slope region at low overpotentials, where oxidation occurs in vacancies of the CO adlayer; and (ii) a low Tafel slope region at high overpotentials where and CO oxidation occur simultaneously. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Development and Investigation of Novel Axial-Field Dual-Rotor Segmented Switched Reluctance Machine

This article presents a new type of axial-field switched reluctance machine (AFSRM) and axial-field dual-rotor segmented switched reluctance machine (ADS-SRM), along with its design methodology. The proposed ADS-SRM is featured by the segmental stator and rotor poles, the auxiliary flux-conductive rings, and the concentrated windings. The yokeless topology reduces the active length of the motor. Besides, the adopted short-end winding layout increases the slot-fill factor and the motor’s reliability. First, the basic topology of ADS-SRM is introduced along with its operating principle and various stator/rotor pole combinations. The three-phase 12/8 configuration of ADS-SRM is chosen for further analysis. Then, the design methodology considering the fringing and leakage field effects through the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method is developed, and the flowchart detailing the design procedure is presented. Through the comparison with the conventional yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) topology, ADS-SRM exhibits excellent performance at overload conditions. The prototype is designed and fabricated, and the experimental results verify the motor performance.
THE PREVALENCE OF NATURAL MIXED INFECTION OF T. congolense and T. vivax IN CATTLE FROM SELECTED ABATTOIRS IN KADUNA METROPOLIS, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.

Animal trypanosomiasis is a complex disease of animals found in Africa causing serious economic loss in animal production. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of natural mixed infection in cattle from selected abattoirs in Kaduna metropolis. Wet mount and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of trypanosomes in blood of cows which showed a prevalence of 17% for T. congolense and 4.3% for T. vivax while mixed infection of 1.3% was observed from two abattoirs. Tudun-wada abattoir was statistically significant at p<0.005. Further analysis conducted using PCR technique showed the presence of genomic DNA of trypanosomes from positive samples obtained from wet mount method as seen in plate 1. Primers TCS 344-345 for T. congolense at 437bp and TVW1-2 for T. vivax at 399bp confirmed the presence of both parasites as seen in plate 2. In conclusion, this study showed the presence of both parasites in natural mixed infection in cattle from Tudun Wada and Kawo abattoirs in 4 cows each. This also indicates that natural mixed infection can occur in the field invading the immune system of affected hosts. Therefore, we suggest that microscopy and PCR should be used side by side for effective detection of these parasites so as to proffer appropriate control measure in combating the menace of African animal trypanosomiasis.
The Truth About 2-Level Transition Elimination in Bang-Bang PAM-4 CDRs

Reception of 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) requires a clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit, typically implemented by a PLL-like structure. An essential block in such a CDR is the phase detector which should detect whether the recovered clock leads or lags the incoming data edges. In typical implementations an incoming data edge is detected by sensing whether the incoming waveform crosses a data threshold level. However, there is some ambiguity in detecting the incoming data edge because PAM-4 modulation has 3 thresholds. If the waveform crosses multiple threshold levels, the level crossings will occur at different time instants due to the finite rise/fall time of the incoming waveform. In this work, we first analyze qualitatively and quantitatively CDR systems that use one threshold for phase adjustment. Here, eliminating the 2-level transitions decreases the amount of jitter injected by the phase detector. However, the available transitions for phase adjustment are also reduced, which lowers the CDR’s robustness. Secondly, for CDR systems using three thresholds, a combination of two techniques: majority voting and elimination of 2-level transitions is investigated. We prove that in this case, the elimination of 2-level transitions is not needed and even gives a worse performance when implemented.
Kernel MSER-DFE Based Post-Distorter for VLC Using Random Fourier Features

Visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology that facilitates high speed green communication for the next generation communication systems. However, some of the performance-limiting impairments in VLC include intersymbol interference (ISI), LED's nonlinearity, and multiplicative fading distortion due to user mobility, which present a significant gap between the promised and the achieved throughput of VLC based systems. To mitigate the aforementioned channel impairments, this paper proposes a random Fourier feature (RFF) based kernel minimum symbol error rate (KMSER) decision feedback equalizer (DFE) based post-distorter for VLC, which supports post distortion under finite memory budget. Furthermore, the feedforward, and feedback filter weights are jointly optimized by using a stronger minimum symbol error rate criterion as opposed to the conventional minimum mean square error criterion. Simulations indicate that the proposed RFF-KMSER-DFE based post-distorter exhibits superior BER performance and lower computational complexity over the existing dictionary based post-distorters. Lastly, an analytical bound for BER is derived for the proposed algorithm, and corroborated through simulations.
Stator Impedance Modeling Platform for the Electromagnetic Compatibility Aware Design of 3.7- to 7.5-KW Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors

This article presents an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) aware motor design method based on the prediction of the impedances of a stator winding structure. The stator structure is divided into several two-dimensional parts, and their network parameters are extracted by electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Through conversion and synthesis of the multiport network parameters, the input impedance can be found for the full-winding structure. The calculated input impedance approximately follows the measured impedance of tested induction motors. The impedance calculation method has been realized in a parametric analysis platform to enable the EMC-aware design of induction motors. By using the platform, the variations of the input impedances by different design parameters can be analyzed along with consideration of loss and torque ripple. To verify the proposed method, prototype motors were assembled and the common-mode (CM) currents were measured under driving operation. The results show that the CM current can be reduced up to 10 dB in the frequency range of interest when the number of parallel circuit is reduced, as estimated from the calculated input impedances.