Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring Sex-Bias Gene Expression in Genes Involved in the Sex Determination Process in the Brain of Brook Trout

Many species from fruit flies to humans exhibit sexual dimorphism. Much of this phenotypic variation can be attributed to differential expression of genes between males and females, also known as sex-bias gene expression. The salmonid family, which includes salmon, trout, and charr, are known to exhibit a high degree of sexual dimorphism in many phenotypes. However, previous sex-bias gene expression studies have been limited to either gonadal tissues, or whole embryos at early stages of development. This project aims to expand our knowledge of sex-bias gene expression by identifying and quantifying gene expression within the brain tissue of two-year old brook trout (Salvelinius fontinalis). A special emphasis was placed on the sdY gene, a possible master sex-determining gene in salmonids. Expression of sdY has been characterized in the gonads of developing salmonids, but its involvement in processes other than sex determination is unknown. This project looked for similar patterns of expression between sdY and other genes to try and reveal the role of sdY in brain tissue. Using RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR validation, 12 genes were measured for sex-bias gene expression. Of these genes, only sdY showed a significant difference in expression between male and female brook trout (p =< 0.05). Two other genes (sox9, ar-alpha) were upregulated in male brook trout although this difference in expression was not significant (p>0.05). These results indicate that sdY is being expressed in the brains of mature male brook trout far past the point of sex determination and that the upregulation of sdY in males could be connected to androgen receptivity and chondrogenesis pathways.
Gene mutation of childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review

Introduction: Research on the importance of cancer mainly been performed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) B-cell populations. All B-cell is the most common leukemia occurs in 2–5-years old of children. Chromosome translocations, chromosome numerical alterations, and specific gene mutations are the genetic abnormalities which have found in 75% of B-ALL cases. Somatic mutations in 45 genes with different frequency and different cellular pathways were the subject of this investigation. Materials and Methods: An electronic search of peer-reviewed articles was systematically performed to obtain the relevant literature with the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases. In this systematic review, 48 articles from 1998 to 2020 were collected. The keywords included B-cell ALL, genes, mutations, pediatric, and systematic review. The inclusion criteria for the reviews were that the documents were original quantitative research and published in English. Articles that were not directly relevant to the present objective were excluded. Results: The results are limited to these specific them as B-cell, ALL, pediatric, genes, mutations, and systematic review. This article focused on the pediatric B-cell ALL, support of cancer patients from diverse and heterogeneous groups globally. By collecting the articles and reviewing them, alterations in different genes with different molecular pathways which had the effects on B-ALL pathogenicity were found and alteration list discussed. Conclusion: The present outcome of these review resources suggest that it may be helpful for clinicians to address genetics, epigenetic regulators, particularly with regard to prevention, healing, and survival of pediatric cancer patients. This article indicates that it may be useful for clinical oncologists to be informed of the prevalence of the use of mutated genes in medicine in their specialized field. In addition, patients should routinely be asked about the use of prevention medicine as the part of every cancer patient's evaluation.
The role of cytokines in governing the expansion of the T315I mutation in chronic myeloid leukaemia.

The Melissa White Laboratory Cancer Theme, South Australian Heath and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) Department of Haematology, SA Pathology Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine (CPCM), University of Adelaide Cancer for Cancer Biology, University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia & Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine Discipline of Paediatrics The University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia
Effect of Seasonal Variations on Distribution of Parasites in Camels at Assiut Locality

Throughout four successive seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn), one hundred and ninety five camels (Camelus dromedarius) from slaughtered houses in different regions at Assiut governorate were examined for protozoa parasites in blood and muscles. These parasites were Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma type 1. (n.sp.) Babesia sp, Theileria cameli in blood and Sarcosystis sp. in muscles. The prevalence of infection for the different parasites in both blood and muscles was also studied through the different seasons. Generally Sarcosystis sp. was represented the highest incidence of infection (55.38%) in the present study especially in spring (81.08%). The lowest incidence of infection was represented in Trypanosoma evansi (2.5%). At the same time the lowest incidence through different seasons was represented in Theileria cameli and Trypanosoma evansi (4.83%) in autumn.
Structural transitions and stability in swirling compressible flows

A theory similar to that of Laval Nozzle is developed for swirling compressible flows in annular axisymmetric ducts. On the basis of this theory structural transitions in these flows and their stability are examined. The goal of the study is to provide a simple unified view of the topic, which gives insight into the key physical features, and the overall parametric dependence of the transitions behavior. extreme
Effect of Tree Leaves and Malic Acid Supplementation to Wheat Straw Based Substrates on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation Parameters

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of addition of malic acid (MA) and tree leaves in straw based total mixed ration on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Four experimental substrates were prepared: Control (C-wheat straw and concentrate in 1: 1 ratio), T1 (45% wheat straw + 45% concentrate + 10% Leucaena leucocephala leaves), T2 (T1 diet + 1% MA), T3 (T1 diet + 2% MA). Inclusion of tree leaves increased (P<0.05) in vitro true dry (IVTMD) and organic matter (IVOMD) digestibility, however, no effect was observed on other fermentation parameters. Addition of MA in conjunction with tree leaves increased (P<0.05) total gas production, IVTDMD, IVTOMD and individual VFA concentrations. There was significant (P<0.05) reduction in CH4 production in MA supplemented groups. Therefore, addition of tree leaves improved the nutrient availability from straw based rations and malic acid further improved digestibility and reduced methane production.
Surface quality and color stability of posterior composites in acidic beverages

Context: Consumption of acidic beverages has been reported to alter the physical and esthetic properties of resin composites, which in turn can affect clinical success. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acidic beverages on surface roughness and color stability of Filtek™ Bulk-Fill posterior restorative composite in comparison with Filtek P60 posterior restorative composite. Settings and Design: Ninety composite discs were used for surface change analysis and another ninety were used for color change analysis. Materials and Methods: Ninety Filtek P60 and Filtek Bulk-Fill composite discs were fabricated and divided into three subgroups according to the solutions – artificial saliva (control group), orange juice, and Coca-Cola® (test groups). The samples were immersed in each beverage for 10 min each day for 56 days. To measure the surface roughness, a profilometer was used, and the surface was qualitatively analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. A reflectance spectrophotometer was used for assessing the color change. Statistical Analysis Used: Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare the surface alteration and color change values between the two composite groups and their respective three subgroups. Tukey's multiple post hoc test was performed for pair-wise comparison. Results: Filtek P60 had exhibited higher color change than Filtek Bulk-Fill in all immersion solutions. Coca-Cola resulted in highest staining in both the composites. Conclusions: The surface roughness and color change of both composites increased significantly in acidic beverages and more in Coca-Cola. Bulk-fill exhibited better surface quality and color stability than P60.
Evaluation of push-out bond strength of BioRoot RCS and AH Plus after using different irrigants: An in vitro study

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare push-out bond strength of root canal spaces filled with AH-Plus and BioRoot RCS after using different irrigants. Materials and Methods: Eighty single-rooted teeth were decoronated and endodontically treated by crown-down technique using ProTaper Universal rotary files progressively till F4 (40/0.06). Samples were divided into two groups according to the sealer (n = 40): Group A = BioRoot RCS, Group B = AH Plus, further subdivided into four subgroups according to irrigation protocol (n = 10): Group 1A, 1B – 0.9% saline, Group 2A, 2B – 5.25% NaOCl + 17% EDTA, Group 3A, 3B– 17% EDTA +2% chlorhexidine, and Group 4A, 4B – 17% EDTA + 3% green tea extract. Samples were obturated with sealers and prepared for push-out test with root slices of 2 mm thickness using universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni's post hoc analysis, and independent Student's t-test. Results: BioRoot RCS exhibited significantly higher push-out bond strength (n < 0.001). The interaction between irrigants and sealer showed higher bond strength for BioRoot RCS when 17% EDTA+ green tea was used. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the study, it was concluded that bond strength of a sealer was influenced by the irrigants used.
Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery-assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy versus Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Single-center Retrospective Study Using Propensity Score Analysis

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (NOTES-AVH) compared with total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). Materials and Methods: The population was a cohort of women who underwent NOTES-AVH and TLH for a nonprolapsed uterus and benign gynecological disease between October 2015 and December 2017 at Rajavithi Hospital, Thailand. Study outcomes included operative time, the requirement of blood transfusion, perioperative complications, and postoperative pain. Factors applied for propensity score matching included age, body mass index, parity, underlying disease, previous abdominal surgery, preoperative diagnosis, presence of endometriosis, and uterine weight. Mean difference (MD) and risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to represent relative measures of the comparison. Results: Among the 50 pairs, there were no differences in operative time (MD 15.9 min; 95% CI − 9.3–41.1), intraoperative complications (relative risk [RR] 0.33; 95% CI 0.04–3.10) or requirement of blood transfusion (RR 1.50; 95% CI 0.26–8.60) between the NOTES-AVH and TLH groups. NOTES-AVH was associated with lower intensity of postoperative pain (MD − 1.5 at 6-h; 95% CI − 0.8–2.2 and MD − 1.0 at 24-h; 95% CI − 0.4–−1.6) and shorter length of stay (MD − 0.3 day; 95% CI − 0.1–0.7 day). Conclusion: NOTES-AVH was safe and feasible for an alternative approach for hysterectomy. This technique was superior to TLH in that no abdominal incision was required, and postoperative pain was less intense.
Influence of Air Gap under Bolus in the Dosimetry of a Clinical 6 MV Photon Beam

Aim: In some situations of radiotherapy treatments requiring application of tissue-equivalent bolus material (e.g., gel bolus), due to material's rigid/semi-rigid nature, undesirable air gaps may occur beneath it because of irregularity of body surface. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric parameters such as surface dose (Ds), depth of dose maximum (dmax), and depth dose along central axis derived from the percentage depth dose (PDD) curve of a 6 MV clinical photon beam in the presence of air gaps between the gel bolus and the treatment surface. Materials and Methods: A bolus holder was designed to hold the gel bolus sheet to create an air gap between the bolus and the radiation field analyzer's (RFA-300) water surface. PDD curves were taken for field sizes of 5 cm × 5 cm, 10 cm × 10 cm, 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm, and 25 cm × 25 cm, with different thicknesses of gel bolus (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cm) and air gap (from 0.0 to 3.0 cm), using a compact ionization chamber (CC13) with RFA-300 keeping 100 cm source-to-surface (water) distance. The dosimetric parameters, for example, "Ds," "dmax," and difference of PDD (maximum air gap vs. nil air gap), were analyzed from the obtained PDD curves. Results: Compared to ideal conditions of full contact of bolus with water surface, it has been found that there is a reduction in "Ds" ranging from 14.8% to 3.2%, 14.9% to 1.1%, and 12.6% to 0.7% with the increase of field size for 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cm thickness of gel boluses, respectively, for maximum air gap. The "dmax" shows a trend of moving away from the treatment surface, and the maximum shift was observed for smaller field size with thicker bolus and greater air gap. The effect of air gap on PDD is minimal (≤1%) beyond 0.4 cm depth for all bolus thicknesses and field sizes except for 5 cm × 5 cm with 1.5 cm bolus thickness. Conclusions: The measured data can be used to predict the probable effect on therapeutic outcome due to the presence of inevitable air gaps between the bolus and the treatment surface.
Histological Alteration in Different Tissues of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) exposed to Profenofos 50% EC and Carbosulfan 25% EC formulations

The objective of the study was to determine the histopathological changes in different tissues of fish, Labeo rohita exposed to two different pesticides. Gill, kidney, liver and Brain of fish were examined after exposure to lethal and sublethal concentrations of organophosphorus pesticide profenofos (96 h LC50 i.e.100 and 10 µg L-1) and carbamates pesticide carbosulfan(1.2 and 0.12 mg L-1) for 24 h and 8 days. Lesions were observed in gill, kidney and liver of L.rohita treated with both pesticide concentrations. Gill filaments of Hyperplasia, fusion due to separation of epithelium. Necrosis, degenerative changes in haemopoietic tissue, swelling of renal tubules, hypertrophy were observed in kidney. Degenerations of cytoplasm in hepatocytes, atrophy, and necrosis, vacuoles formation, rupture of blood vessels, necrosis and disappearance of hepatocyte wall and hepatic cords were observed in liver tissue. Behavioral changes, sensorial system like vision and smell, detection, attack and capture of prey, impair feeding, escape, and reproductive behavior all these functions are connected with various parts of the brain. There is no lesions were seen in control group.
Catatonia as a Syndrome Characterized by GABAergic Interneuronal Dysfunction Mediated by NMDA Receptors

Efforts to elucidate the pathophysiology of catatonia have hitherto been unsuccessful largely due to its variegated clinical presentation and seemingly disparate treatment modalities. Catatonia manifests with marked behavioral and cognitive changes, often producing a significant decrease in speech and motor output. Generally, catatonia can be treated with GABA-agonists with impressive symptomatic relief. ECT is also used as a second-line therapeutic intervention if GABA-agonists fail to produce significant symptomatic relief. However, there is uncertainty regarding additional treatment if the aforementioned therapeutic interventions fail to provide symptomatic relief. In the present paper, suggest utilizing pharmacotherapy that modulates NMDAR activity on the basis that catatonia can be fundamentally a syndrome characterized by excessive glutamatergic stimulation of NDMAR on cortical GABAergic interneurons leading to a dysregulation of horizontal and vertical processing.
Comfort With Touch and Influencing Factors Among Chinese Midwives

The aim of this study was to identify comfort with touch (CT) and influencing factors among Chinese midwives. Midwives (N = 252) from 7 hospitals in Guangdong, China, were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire between November 2018 and April 2019. The questionnaire included the Nurses' Comfort with Touch Scale (NCTS), the Nurses' Perceived Professional Benefits (NPPB) Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey (MBI-GS), and a self-designed demographic questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify influencing factors for CT. Mean NCTS total score was 88.90 ± 14.40, and the mean item score was 5.23 ± 0.91, which indicated a respectable score. Within the NCTS, CT was highest in the comfort support category (5.32 ± 0.29) whereas CT was lowest in the physical comfort category (4.28 ± 0.28). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that CT among Chinese midwives was associated with positive experiences or feelings surrounding the patient-nurse relationship (B = 3.239, P < .001), perceived professional benefit (PPB, positive professional identity) (B = 0.240, P < .001), emotional exhaustion (B = −0.414, P < .001), depersonalization (negative attitude toward the work setting) (B = −0.773, P < .001), and personal accomplishment (evaluation of self-worth) (B = 0.170, P = .015). Touch training and educational programs are recommended for Chinese midwives to enhance awareness and acceptance of touch care. In addition, promoting positive patient-nurse relationships, improving PPB, and reducing burnout are recommended to enhance CT among Chinese midwives. Because of the size and racial homogeneity of the sample, further studies are recommended to identify CT and influencing factors in a larger, more diverse population of midwives worldwide.
Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from mouse germ cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived From Mouse Germ Cells By: Nora Khan Under the supervision of: Dr. Asma Amleh While embryonic stem cells are well known to give rise to tissues comprising all three germ layers, only recently was it found that embryonic-like stem cells could be derived from the postnatal mice testis in culture. Embryonic-like stem cells from postnatal testes have shown that they can undertake most if not all, the functions of embryonic stem cells. Most recent reports have demonstrated that somatic cells can be induced to pluripotent stem cells, mostly with the addition of genes. However, the aim of this work is to explore the potential of testicular cells to become pluripotent, including expression of pluripotency-associated genes, and embryonic stem cells morphology, without the addition of genes. To accomplish our aim, we have sacrificed 15 CD-1 Swiss albino mice (8-10 weeks) and harvested cells from the testes using both mechanical and enzymatic digestion technique to generate single cell suspension. Isolated cells from the testes at day 1 along with embryonic-like stem cells at day 14 have been characterized via Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using germ cells marker VASA, embryonic stem cells markers Nanog, cripto TDGF1, Esg1, and Thy1. Furthermore, Immunophenotyping was performed via Flow Cytometer using embryonic-like stem cells marker SOX2, CD 90 (Thy1), CD15 (SSEA-1), CD117 (ckit), and CD133. Our results showed success in culturing cells harvested from the testes, these cells were reprogrammed and had the characteristics of embryonic stem cell. RT-PCR results confirmed the expression of VASA gene at day 1; these cells did not express embryonic stem cells markers (Nanog, cripto TDGF1, Esg1, and Thy1). However, embryonic-like stem cells at day 14 showed the expression of the previously mentioned embryonic stem cells markers, and did not express Vasa, which is a germ cell marker. Immunophenotyping results showed a noticed elevation in embryonic stem cells markers (SOX2, CD 90, CD15, CD117, and CD133) at day 14 compared to those at day 1.
EFFECTS OF ANTIOXIDANTS CONSUMPTION AND LOW PROTEIN DIETS ON LIVER AND INTESTINE HISTOPATHOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAILS ( COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA )

The study investigated the effects of two types of antioxidants, a natural antioxidant (Eselenium) and a synthetic antioxidant (loxidan) in diets containing protein value lower than essential requirements, on performance and histopathological changes in the liver and intestine of Japanese quails. The experimental diets were: Group A – basal diet (control), Group B – 15 % crude protein reduction without recommended antioxidant, Group C – 15 % crude protein reduction plus 1 g/kg E-selenium, Group D – 15 % reduction in crude protein plus 0.2 g/kg loxidan, Group E – 30 % reduction in crude protein without recommended antioxidant, Group F – 30 % reduction in crude protein plus 1 g/kg E-selenium. Group G 30 % reduction in crude protein plus 0.2 g/kg loxidan. Birds in groups B and E showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in body weight compared to the control group. Birds fed E-selenium and loxidan exhibited significantly better (p<0.05) body weights compared to the birds in groups D and F groups. Birds in group E fed with 30 % reduction in the dietary protein had significantly higher (p<0.05) liver weights. The relative weight of the intestine decreased in the birds in groups B and E compared to the control group. 15 and 30 % reduction in dietary protein intake of birds caused mild hyperemia and edema of the intestine. The severity of liver congestion and edema were lower in group E birds when compared with birds in group B. Results indicated that the used of two kinds of antioxidants (natural and synthetic) effect on the performance parameters of Japanese quails which were exposed to nutritional stresses (such as reducing dietary protein) compensated parts of the adverse effects. Therefore, antioxidants intake is useful for recovery of quails performance fed low-protein diets.
Incidence, distribution and genetic diversity of Grapevine red blotch virus in British Columbia

Abstract Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is a recently identified virus reported mainly from several grape-growing regions in the USA. To date, no information about the occurrence of GRBV is available in British Columbia (BC). Accordingly, a large-scale survey was conducted across all grape-growing regions of BC to determine the incidence and distribution of GRBV. A total of 2000 composite samples representing nine white and eight red Vitis vinifera cultivars from 128 vineyard blocks were tested for GRBV by PCR using virus-specific primers. The results showed that 32 out of 2000 (1.6%) composite samples were positive for GRBV, indicating a low incidence of this virus in BC vineyards. An analysis of the vineyard blocks positive for GRBV revealed that they were established between 2011 and 2014, suggesting a recent introduction of GRBV into BC, probably through infected plant material. Complete genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of 29 representative GRBV isolates from BC grouped 15 isolates into clade I, sharing less than 95% identity at the nucleotide level, whereas 14 isolates grouped into clade II, sharing more than 95% identity at the nucleotide level. This result was consistent with the presence of both genetic variants in BC vineyards. Putative recombination events were detected among aligned complete genome sequences of BC isolates of GRBV and global isolates of the virus. These findings underscore the need for domestic clean plant propagation programmes and development of long-term management strategies to minimize GRBV spread in BC.