Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Electro-Thermal Triggering Method and Toxicity Analysis

In high temperature condition, lithium-ion batteries have a greater risk of thermal runaway. Lithium-ion batteries may be exposed to smoke, combustion, or even explosion, which poses a greater threat to humans and the environment. In this paper, the electro-thermal triggering method is used to induce thermal runaway of the lithium-ion batteries. The most representative ternary polymer lithium-ion battery (NMC), lithium cobalt oxide battery (LCO), lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP) in the market were selected as experimental samples, all using 18650 batteries, and then the state of charge of battery samples were adjusted to 0%, 30%, 50%, 100%. The thermal runaway reaction phenomenon of lithium-ion batteries and the surface temperature of the batteries were recorded. The positive electrode samples of the batteries were characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, and the thermal runaway reaction products were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the state of charge, the thermal runaway reactions of the batteries are more severe. Thermal runaway reaction products contain a large amount of toxic substances, and prevention and protection are necessary.
Applying planetary mapping methods to submarine environments: onshore-offshore geomorphology of Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo Volcanic Group, Greece

ABSTRACT Geologic maps are foundational products for natural hazard assessments but developing them for submarine areas is challenging due to a lack of physical access to the study area. In response, submarine geomorphologic maps are used to provide geologic context and spatial information on landforms and related geo-hazards for risk management. These maps are generated from remotely sensed data, e.g. digital elevation models (DEMs), which introduce unique hurdles to submarine mapping. To address this issue, we produced a workflow for applying planetary geologic mapping methods to submarine data. Using this, we created an onshore-offshore geomorphologic map of the Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo Volcanic Group, Greece. This product can be used to enhance hazard assessments on Santorini, which is a tourist hot-spot at high risk for volcanically- and seismically-induced hazards. We present this workflow as a tool for generating uniform geomorphologic map products that will aid natural hazard assessments of submarine environments.
Polyphenols from Vitis thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc.

Aim Isolation and structural elucidation of the constituents from the aerial part of Vitis thunbergii . Methods To isolate chemical constituents, column chromatography and HPLC were used. Physico chemical characterization and spectroscopic analysis were employed for structural identification. Results Eleven polyphenols were isolated and identified. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound and its structure was characterized to be 3,5 dimethoxyl 4 hydroxyl phenylpropanol 9 O β D glycopyranoside.
Self-Efficacy and the Ability to Think Creatively by Prospective Mathematics Teachers Based on Learning Barriers

The ability to innovate and be creative in student learning is influenced by many factors, including learning barriers (internal and external to students). This learning barrier implies student self-efficacy in dealing with mathematics learning problems and working on math test questions. This study aims to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy, barriers to student learning and academic achievement from learning outcomes. Specifically, analyzed students' creative thinking abilities for each selected group for learning barriers and self-efficacy. The population in this study was drawn from the mathematics education students as many as 154 students. Analysis of learning barriers and self-efficacy on academic achievement statistically used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The discussion of the research results was carried out descriptively and qualitatively from the results of the SEM processing and the results of the students' written tests, to provide comprehensive conclusions from the selected subjects. From the population, four subjects were selected, namely the subject with the very unobstructed category, the subject with the obstructed category, the subject with the quite obstructed category and the subject with the obstructed category. The quantitative research results show that learning barriers have a negative effect on student self-efficacy. Meanwhile, self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on student academic achievement. Meanwhile, qualitatively students with learning disabilities in the very unhindered category can improvise creativity in solving problems better than other categories. Received: 6 January 2021 / Accepted: 11 February 2021/ Published: 5 March 2021
Design of earthquake early warning system based OMRON D7S vibrate sensor

Indonesia is a country that is very prone to earthquake. This disaster can have a very large impact from main destruction of ground motion and secondary destruction from building rupture. By providing early warning system, secondary disasters caused by the earthquake, such as fire due to gas leakage, electric shock or loss of important personal data, can be prevented. This research designs an early warning system against earthquakes, where the sensor used was 3d accelerometer-based OMRON D7S vibration sensor. A warning is also sent to personnel or web-server via GSM communication. The system calibrated with a standard tool MEISEI G401 owned by Indonesian Earthquake Agency (BMKG). Test showed that early warning system have accuracy value of 74.32%. From the testing that has been done, the time delay in sending data is greatly influenced by the state of the surrounding environment. Data is sent and stored to an SQL-based database, with an average delivery delay of 1.7 seconds. This system successfully provides an early warning using the buzzer alarm as desired. The percentage of success of the buzzer turns on as desired is 100%.
Geometric Artifacts Correction for Computed Tomography Exploiting A Generative Adversarial Network

Geometrical accuracy of an X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) system is crucial to achieve high quality tomographic reconstructions. Methods to correct the resulting geometric artifacts have been comprehensively described in the past few years. Deep convolution neural network is increasingly used in CT imaging, which has a great potential in image feature learning and processing tasks. In this work, a geometric artifact correction method exploiting generative adversarial networks (GAN) is developed. The U-Net structure is employed as the generator of the network to extract the CT image features with geometric artifacts. The convolutional neural network (CNN) based on image block perception acts as a discriminator for the network, further constraining the optimization of the generator. The proposed method has been shown experimentally feasible for geometric artifacts correction in circular cone beam CT by performing more accurate feature extraction. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of the corrected phantom images increased by 11.812 on average, and the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by 9.982 on average.
Sobre el género Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne(Araceae) en Cuba

Background: The presence in different Cuban cities of plants of Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne (Araceae), of whose cultivation in the country succinct and little explicit evidence was found in the scientific literature, motivated a study from a systematic, phytogeographic and ethnobotanical point of view. Objective: To reveal the nomenclature, taxonomy, phenotypic characterization, differences with related taxa, distribution and utility of the representatives of Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne currently cultivated in Cuba, outside botanical collections. Methods: Specimens represented in the gardens of the city of Camagüey were studied using methods such as work with collections, comparison with descriptors and keys, as well as scientific description and illustration.
Conservation and natural resource management: where are all the women?

Abstract There is evidence from the development and humanitarian sectors that purposeful engagement of women can increase the impact of development. We conducted a literature review to examine whether this is also evident in conservation and natural resource management. The following themes emerged from our review: existing societal and cultural norms affect and generally limit how women can engage in conservation and natural resource management; women interact differently with the environment than men, so if they are excluded, their knowledge and perspectives on particular resources may not be considered in conservation actions; and there is often a lack of resources or dedicated effort by conservation or natural resource management programmes to understand and address the barriers that prevent women's engagement. Although there was evidence of a positive relationship between the engagement of women and environmental outcomes, some studies showed that positive conservation outcomes do not necessarily benefit women, and when women are not considered, conservation activities can perpetuate existing inequities. We conclude that although the importance of integrating gender into conservation is acknowledged in the literature, there is a need to examine how women can be meaningfully engaged in conservation. This must go beyond treating women as a homogenous group, to consider intersectionality including race, ethnicity, age, religion, poverty and disability. In addition, conservation and natural resource management institutions need to address the inclusion of women in their own staff and programmes.
A Dynamic Aspartate‐to‐Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio Provides Valid Predictions of Incident Severe Liver Disease

The aspartate‐to‐alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR) is associated with liver fibrosis, but its predictive performance is suboptimal. We hypothesized that the association between AAR and liver disease depends on absolute transaminase levels and developed and validated a model to predict liver‐related outcomes in the general population. A Cox regression model based on age, AAR, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (dynamic AAR [dAAR]) using restricted cubic splines was developed in Finnish population‐based health‐examination surveys (FINRISK, 2002‐2012; n = 18,067) with linked registry data for incident liver‐related hospitalizations, hepatocellular carcinoma, or liver death. The model was externally validated for liver‐related outcomes in a Swedish population cohort (Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk [AMORIS] subcohort; n = 126,941) and for predicting outcomes and/or prevalent fibrosis/cirrhosis in biopsied patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic hepatitis C, or alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD). The dynamic AAR model predicted liver‐related outcomes both overall (optimism‐corrected C‐statistic, 0.81) and in subgroup analyses of the FINRISK cohort and identified persons with >10% risk for liver‐related outcomes within 10 years. In independent cohorts, the C‐statistic for predicting liver‐related outcomes up to a 10‐year follow‐up was 0.72 in the AMORIS cohort, 0.81 in NAFLD, and 0.75 in ALD. Area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) for detecting prevalent cirrhosis was 0.80‐0.83 in NAFLD, 0.80 in hepatitis C, but only 0.71 in ALD. In ALD, model performance improved when using aspartate aminotransferase instead of ALT in the model (C‐statistic, 0.84 for outcome; AUC, 0.82 for prevalent cirrhosis). Conclusion: A dAAR score provides prospective predictions for the risk of incident severe liver outcomes in the general population and helps detect advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. The dAAR score could potentially be used for screening the unselected general population and as a trigger for further liver evaluations.
The development of geometry test to analyze students’ creative thinking skills in the area of square formula derivation

Technology advances demand students to adapt creatively in solving problems. This research is development research with the intention of producing a certain product that validity, practicality, and effectiveness be tested, where the development process is described as thorough as possible then evaluated. This development of geometry test used Thiagarajan model or known as 4-D consisting of define, design, develop, disseminate stage. Geometry test that have been developed are used to describe students’ creative thinking skills. This creative thinking is divided into four things that are fluency, flexibility, elaboration, originality. The subjects in this research were 3 students of 32 Junior High School Class consisting of students in visualization, analysis and informal deduction level. Data retrieval in this research was done by using a test and interview. Based on the research result data, three students fulfilled creative thinking skills, among them student was classified as the category of quite creative (TKBK 2), who were fulfilling the indicator of fluency and flexibility, student was classified as the category of less creative (TKBK 1), who were fulfilling the indicator fluency, and student was classified as the category of creative (TKBK 3) so that fulfilling the indicator of fluency, flexibility, originality.
Techno-Economic Analysis of a Process for the Aqueous Conversion of Corn Stover into Lactic and Levulinic Acid through Sn-Beta Catalysis

A readily available source for renewable fuels and chemicals is corn stover, which consists of the leftover stalks, leaves, husks, and cobs from the corn plant and makes up nearly half of the yield of a corn crop. Common practice is to pretreat it with sulfuric acid to break down the hemicellulose, releasing xylose, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis to convert the cellulose into glucose. Using a Sn-Beta catalyst, it is possible to convert these monomeric sugars into lactic, levulinic, formic, and acetic acids. This paper presents the results of a techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the commercial feasibility of producing these acids from corn stover. Two preliminary process designs were evaluated which represent two separate reaction yields: a balanced yield of both lactic and levulinic acids and the yields from a co-catalysis with CaSO4 to produce primarily lactic acid. Both process designs are scaled to process 230,000 MT/year of corn stover. An AACS Class 4 factored broad capital cost estimate and comparable estimates of operating costs and revenues were used to generate cash flow sheets to evaluate the economic feasibility of both options. The balanced product process has an estimated NPV@20% = $3.3 million ± 40%, while the CaSO4-facilited process has an NPV@20% = $110 million ± 40% (January 2019 basis). A major hurdle for both processes is the demand for levulinic acid. The balanced product process will produce 135% of the expected global demand and the CaSO4-facilitated alternative will meet 31% of the demand. For the demand to meet production, advances in levulinic acid applications are needed. However, the attractive economics suggest that these technologies warrant further development towards commercialization.
Monograph of invasive plants in Europe N°6: Asclepias syriaca L

ABSTRACT This work synthesizes all aspects of Asclepias syriaca L. (Apocynaceae) including the taxonomy, distribution, history of introduction and spread, ecology, biology, uses and benefits, impacts on biodiversity and agriculture, legislation, and management. Asclepias syriaca is a perennial broad-leaved species native to North America. Introduced for ornamental and various other purposes, such as a source of fibre and rubber, it has become established in many regions of Europe and it had increasingly spread in the last decades (>1980s). Its reproductive behavior is characterized by a high production of wind-dispersed seeds and by the propagation of creeping lateral rhizomes, which allows the species to proliferate rapidly. The species persists in a wide range of edaphic and climatic environments. It occurs particularly in anthropogenic and (semi-)natural habitats, such as roadsides, agricultural land, abandoned sites and grasslands, open shrubland, and forests, respectively. Studies have demonstrated negative impacts on the biodiversity and ecosystem processes in invaded regions, namely in open sand grasslands in Hungary. Asclepias syriaca occurs as a competitive weed in crop fields. Since 2017, the species is regulated by the European Union (EU) under the Regulation No. 1143/2014, which states that A. syriaca is subjected to restrictions such as a ban on importing, selling, breeding and that EU member states are required to place effective management measures. Awareness raising activities are important to inform the public, farmers and stakeholders about the risks of this invasive alien plant. Effective direct control options include mechanical control as well as herbicide application.
Rationale and design of the randomised controlled cross-over trial: Cardiovascular effects of empaglifozin in diabetes mellitus

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. In patients with T2D and established CV disease, selective inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) have been shown to decrease CV and all-cause mortality, and heart failure (HF) admissions. Utilising CV magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) by FreeStyle Libre Pro Sensor, we aim to explore the mechanisms of action which give Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, its beneficial CV effects and compare these to the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor Sitagliptin. Methods: This is a single centre, open-label, cross-over trial conducted at the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. Participants are randomised for the order of treatment and receive 3 months therapy with Empagliflozin, and 3 months therapy with Sitagliptin sequentially. Twenty-eight eligible T2D patients with established ischaemic heart disease will be recruited. Patients undergo serial CMR scans on three visits. Discussion: The primary outcome measure is the myocardial perfusion reserve in remote myocardium. We hypothesise that Empaglifozin treatment is associated with improvements in myocardial blood flow and reductions in myocardial interstitial fibrosis, independent of CGM measured glycemic control in patients with T2D and established CV disease. Trial registration: This study has full research ethics committee approval (REC: 18/YH/0190) and data collection is anticipated to finish in December 2021. This study was retrospectively registered at https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN82391603 and monitored by the University of Leeds. The study results will be submitted for publication within 6 months of completion.
Semi-Crystalline Polyaniline with an Enhanced Conductivity Synthesized with a Novel Binary Dopant Sulfonic Acid-Surfactant: Mechanical, Electrical and Shielding Performances of Nylon/PANI Conductive Fabrics at 9.45 GHz

Abstract Aniline was doped by a novel binary dopant agent, sulfonic acid-surfactant. Naphthalene disulfonic acid (NDSA) and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) were used to form the binary dopant agent; synthesis of the doped PANI was accomplished by using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as the oxidant via a hybrid microemulsion polymerization at various temperatures (–10, 0, 20, and 40 °C). The synthesized polyaniline (PANI-NDSA-SDS) salts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, UV-visible and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the electrical properties were determined using a four-point probe method, and the mechanical properties of the fabric samples were also studied. The PANI-NDSA-SDS salts showed a semi-crystalline structure with nanostructure morphology. Among the four polyaniline salts, the PANI-NDSA-SDS prepared at 20 °C showed higher values of conductivity and polymerization yield. In this study, this polyaniline salt was used as coating materials for preparation of conductive Nylon fabrics. As a result, the tensile strength increased by 15%, from 27.21 to 31.42 MPa. Higher electrical performance was obtained for the Nylon/polyaniline composites, 128–724 ohm/square; thus, for electromagnetic shielding applications, the conducting polyaniline coated Nylon fabrics can be used as a shield material for the control of electromagnetic interference at 9.45 GHz, the frequency of the instrument used for the measurements. The conducting fabrics showed an electromagnetic interference value between 20.09 and 34.44 dB.
Pyrolyse flash de biomasse lignocellulosique : comment catalyser la désoxygénation au cours des mécanismes primaires et secondaires ?

La pyrolyse flash est un procede attrayant pour convertir la biomasse lignocellulosique en bio-huiles, intermediaires energetiques potentiellement valorisables en biocarburants et/ou intermediaires chimiques. L’emergence d’une telle filiere requiert la mise au point d’une strategie catalytique efficace et innovante qui permette de diminuer la teneur en oxygene des bio-huiles. Les mecanismes de pyrolyse ont lieu a la fois au sein de la biomasse - mecanismes primaires - et en phase gazeuse - mecanismes secondaires-. Par consequent, notre demarche a consiste a tester si l’impregnation d’un precurseur catalytique dans la biomasse permet d’agir sur les mecanismes primaires afin de favoriser la desoxygenation. Puis, nous avons cherche a favoriser le craquage catalytique des vapeurs de pyrolyse en utilisant un catalyseur heterogene.Nos travaux montrent que la pyrolyse de biomasse impregnee avec des sels de nitrates - Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn et Ce - favorise principalement la depolymerisation de la cellulose aux depens de sa fragmentation. En outre, la presence d’anions nitrate catalyse la formation d’anhydrosaccharides deshydrates, employes pour synthetiser des molecules complexes. Apres pyrolyse, un support carbone contenant des nanoparticules metalliques est obtenu et peut etre valorise pour catalyser la desoxygenation de molecules modeles en phase vapeur. Neanmoins, l’activite catalytique de ces charbons est limitee par leur faible surface specifique, comme le montre la comparaison avec un charbon actif commercial contenant des nanoparticules metalliques. Parmi les metaux testes, le catalyseur a base de cerine s’avere tres efficace pour reduire l’acidite des bio-huiles et catalyser la formation de derives phenoliques. De plus, ce catalyseur de craquage catalytique permet de reduire la teneur en oxygene de l’huile de pyrolyse et d’augmenter sa densite energetique. Ce resultat encourageant suggere que le craquage catalytique pourrait etre mis en œuvre en complement de l’hydrodesoxygenation dans une filiere de production de biocarburants. Cette alternative permet de reduire le cout de l’hydrodesoxygenation et notamment la consommation de dihydrogene.