Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The territorial dynamics of innovation: a Europe-United States Comparative Analysis

The United States and European Union differ significantly in terms of their innovative capacity: the former have been able to gain and maintain world leadership in innovation and technology while the latter continues to lag. Notwithstanding the magnitude of this innovation gap and the political emphasis placed upon it on both sides of the Atlantic, very little systematic comparative analysis has been carried out on its causes. The empirical literature has emphasized the structural differences between the two continents in the quantity and quality of the major ‘inputs’ to innovation: R&D investments and human capital. The very different spatial organization of innovative activities in the EU and the US—as suggested by a variety of contributions in the field of economic geography—could also influence innovative output. This article analyses and compares a wide set of territorial processes that influence innovation in Europe and the United States. The higher mobility of capital, population and knowledge in the US not only promotes the agglomeration of research activity in specific areas of the country but also enables a variety of territorial mechanisms to fully exploit local innovative activities and (informational) synergies. In the European Union, in contrast, imperfect market integration and institutional and cultural barriers across the continent prevent innovative agents from maximizing the benefits from external economies and localized interactions, but compensatory forms of geographical process may be emerging in concert with further European integration.
Visualization of the normal cerebral venous system using a contrast-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography technique

Ultrafast contrast-enhanced (CE) 3D Magnetic resonance angiography has been used recently to image the cerebral venous system. It was necessary to assess its reliability in imaging the normal cerebral venous structures in order to determine its usefulness for evaluating pathological conditions. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of visualization of dural sinuses and intracranial veins and the distribution of transverse sinus dominance, and to correlate these with reported values. Our study comprised 98 patients who had both normal brain MRI and MR venography. T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images, fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, and CE 3D Turbo-flash MRA images were acquired. According to the quality of visualization, the dural sinuses and cerebral veins were classified into four grades and the distribution of transverse sinus dominance was determined. Complete coverage of the cerebral venous system was obtained in 60s. The large dural sinuses, the vein of Galen, and the internal cerebral veins were completely visualized in all cases. The inferior sagittal sinus, the thalamostriate veins, the basal veins of Rosenthal, and the veins of Trolard and Labbe were seen either completely or partially in 61%, 86%, 90%, 98%, and 85% of cases, respectively. The transverse sinus was right, left, and codominant in 58%, 19%, and 23% of cases, respectively. We found that our results were in excellent agreement with the reported values. CE 3D turbo-flash MRA, however, offers the advantage of a shorter examination time.
Accurate Antenna Pattern Modeling for Phased Array Antennas in SAR Applications—Demonstration on TerraSAR-X

The high flexibility and tight accuracy requirements of today's spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems require innovative technologies to calibrate and process the SAR images. To perform accurate pattern correction during SAR processing, an Antenna Model is used to derive the multitude of different antenna beams generated by active antenna steering. The application of such an Antenna Model could be successfully demonstrated for the TerraSAR-X mission, launched in 2007. The methodology and the results of the inorbit verification with an achieved accuracy of better than ± 0 . 2 dB is reviewed in this paper in detail showing its outstanding accuracy.
On Subgradients of Spectral Functions

Let F : S(m) → R be a spectral function (i.e. S(m) is the space of m × m real symmetric matrices, ∀O ∈ O(m),∀X ∈ S(m), F (OXO) = F (X), whereO(m) is the orthogonal group and O is the transpose of O). We associate to it the symmetric function sF : R → R by restricting it to the subspace of diagonal matrices. In this work, on the one hand, we give a new, natural proof of the formula which binds the Frechet subgradients of a spectral function F and the Frechet subgradients of the function sF (identical formulas follow for the subgradients and the horizon subgradients); on the other hand we deduce from the previous results and from convexity arguments that, in the general case, a similar formula holds for the Clarke subgradients.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE FOR ORGANIZATIONS

Knowledge is an important source for learning new things, solving problems, creating core competitiveness and establishes new positions for individual and organization at present and for the future. In previous decades with the advent of the industrial revolution and all the attention focused on industry and mass production and guidelines to its improvement and development, but now have faced another revolution called information and communication technology revolution and is caused changing our attitude. Knowledge management is a process to helps organizations that identify, select, organize and publish important information and skills which are considered as the institutional memory and typically are not organized. This is caused management of organizations for learning problem solving, strategic planning and dynamic decision making as efficient and effective. Knowledge management introduce a completely new management concepts and methods. Knowledge management is to find systematic approach, understand and use knowledge to achieve organizational goals and by reducing the time and cost of testing and error or repeat create value.
REVIEW OF SELECTED TECHNIQUES FOR CARDIOSIGNAL ANALYSIS PREGLED ODABRANIH TEHNIKA ZA ANALIZU KARDIOSIGNALA

The paper considers several techniques for cardiosignal analysis. We made a selection to present the importance of noticeable targeting in electrocardiograms (ECG), phonocardiograms (PCG), ultrasound (US) imaging and other cardiosignals. In this paper we discussed the existing problems in cardiosignal and parameter selection, pre-processing possibilities and automatic processing problems, pointing out several valuable techniques, from time-frequency PCG representation processing, wavelet pre-processing, myocard movements quantification to neural network based US image despeckling and phonocardiogram segmentation improvement. The final goal is improving early diagnosis of cardiovascular system dysfunctions applying different well-known techniques of signal and image processing by circumvention of existing ones in order to progress and profit. As cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of premature death, this field has numerous challenges facing in the future.
A new algorithm for computing regular representations for radicals of parametric differential ideals

Abstract The regular representation of the radical of a differential ideal has various applications such as solving the membership problem, computing Taylor expansion of solutions, finding the Lie symmetries, and solving dynamical systems. Presently, there is no algorithm giving all regular representations for all possible values of the parameters for a polynomial differential ideal with parametric coefficients. In this article, we propose a new algorithm that computes all different regular representations with respect to all possible states of the parameters. Also, we present an efficient criterion to reduce some ineffectual computations. Implementing the algorithm in Maple and several examples reported in this article demonstrate the high efficiency of the algorithm.
REVIEWING THE PROPERTIES OF RARE EARTH ELEMENT-BEARING MINERALS, RARE EARTH ELEMENTS AND CERIUM OXIDE COMPOUND

Of the 17 rare earth elements (REEs), 15 belong to the chemical group called lanthanides, plus yttrium and scandium. The lanthanides consist of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium. Cerium is one of the most abundant REEs, comprises more of the earth’s crust than copper or lead. At least, there are 29 potential REE-bearing minerals. Basnasite, monazite and xenotime are among them and serve as the most exploited minerals. The REEs are mostly applied for high technology application such as computer, telecommunication, nuclear and sophisticated instruments for exploring the outer space.
A Two Cascaded Boost Converter with High Voltage Gain Module

Abstract: In this article a new topology of cascaded boost converter with voltage multiplier cell (VMC) is presented. The proposed cascaded boost converter consist two boost converters connected in series with voltage multiplier cell. The advantage of proposed topology can attain high voltage gain without working extremely duty ratio. To validate the performance of proposed converter experimental results attain in laboratory, where input voltage 10VDC are given and the 100V output voltage attain at the duty ration 60%. As compare to traditional boost converter the output voltage at same parameters is 25V which is lower than the proposed converter. Voltage stress across the switches of proposed converter is less then output voltage but the voltage stress of traditional boost converter is equal to output voltage. Furthermore the voltage conversion ratio graph of proposed and conventional converters at different duty cycle and efficiency graph of proposed converter shown in experimental results respectively.
Global Identification in DSGE Models Allowing for Indeterminacy

This paper presents a framework for analyzing global identification in log linearized DSGE models that encompasses both determinacy and indeterminacy. First, it considers a frequency domain expression for the Kullback-Leibler distance between two DSGE models, and shows that global identification fails if and only if the minimized distance equals zero. This result has three features. (1) It can be applied across DSGE models with different structures. (2) It permits checking whether a subset of frequencies can deliver identification. (3) It delivers parameter values that yield observational equivalence if there is identification failure. Next, the paper proposes a measure for the empirical closeness between two DSGE models for a further understanding of the strength of identification. The measure gauges the feasibility of distinguishing one model from another based on a finite number of observations generated by the two models. It is shown to be equal to the highest possible power in a Gaussian model under a local asymptotic framework. The above theory is illustrated using two small scale and one medium scale DSGE models. The results document that certain parameters can be identified under indeterminacy but not determinacy, that different monetary policy rules can be (nearly) observationally equivalent, and that identification properties can differ substantially between small and medium scale models. For implementation, two procedures are developed and made available, both of which can be used to obtain and thus to cross validate the findings reported in the empirical applications. Although the paper focuses on DSGE models, the results are also applicable to other vector linear processes with well defined spectra, such as the (factor augmented) vector autoregression.
The Bacterial Surface Expression of SARS Viral Epitope using Salmonella typhi Cytolysin A

The cytolysin A (ClyA) is a 34 kDa pore-forming cytotoxic protein and expressed by some enteric bacteria including Salmonella typhi. This toxin is transported on the bacterial surface and secreted without posttranslational modification. Using the surface display of ClyA, the expression vectors for 193-aa immunogenic antigen of spike protein (termed S1E) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were constructed. The vectors carried a gene encoding S. typhi ClyA conjugated to S1E at the C terminus (termed ClyA-S1E) and asd gene in pGEM-T and pBR322, named pGApLCS1E and pBApLCS1E, respectively. An asd-mutated E. coli transformed with these vectors could grow without diaminopimelic acid (DAP), indicating that they were stably maintained in such mutants. ClyA-S1E recombinant proteins from these vectors were expressed on the surface of the attenuated S. typhimurium deficient of global virulence gene regulator, ppGpp. However, they did not show the hemolytic activity on the blood agar plate and cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. To examine whether bacteria expressing ClyA-S1E induced the immune response against S1E, S. typhimurium deficient of ppGpp and Asd was transformed with these vectors and orally immunized in mice. In the western blotting against GST-conjugated S1E using the immunized mouse sera, it was shown that the significant band was detected in the mouse serum by the bacteria transformed with pGApLCS1E but not with pBApLCS1E. It indicates that the immune response producing antibody was dependent on the expression level of ClyA-S1E. Therefore, ClyA delivery system can be used for SARS vaccine development.
The role of CART in islet function

Diminished insulin secretion and dysregulated glucagon secretion are key features of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The overall aim of this thesis was to study the role of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in islet cell function and how CART regulates glucose homeostasis. We found that CART is expressed in human islet cells and that its expression is increased in patients with T2D, as well as in mouse models of T2D. Rat islet CART expression was regulated by glucose and beta cell CART expression was normalised by insulin treatment in diabetic rats. Furthermore, CART increased insulin secretion from both mouse and human islets in a glucose-dependent fashion. This could partly be explained by increased beta cell exocytosis, altered intracellular Ca2+ oscillation pattern as well as improved synchronisation of Ca2+ oscillations between islet cells. Importantly, CART increased insulin secretion and glucose elimination in vivo in mice. We also showed that CART decreased glucagon secretion in mouse and human islets, as well as in vivo in mice, and that CART reduced exocytosis in alpha cells. To mimic the situation in patients, with increased beta cell CART expression, we generated transgenic mice with beta cell-specific CART overexpression (CARTtg) and studied the impact of increased beta cell CART expression on glucose homeostasis in vivo. Under basal conditions, CARTtg mice were normoglycaemic and normoinsulinemic, but when challenged by streptozotocin treatment or a high fat diet, and in ageing, CARTtg mice displayed increased insulin secretion compared with wild-type littermates. This was accompanied by improved glucose elimination in streptozotocin-treated and aged mice, but not in high fat diet-fed mice, which instead displayed mild insulin resistance. Moreover, viral overexpression of CART in INS-1 (832/13) cells increased insulin secretion. Finally, we found that adipocytes from CARTtg mice had altered metabolism, suggesting that CART may be a mediator of cross-talk between beta cells and adipose tissue. Collectively, our data imply that CART has an important role in beta cell function and in regulation of glucose homeostasis. Hence, the potential for CART-based therapies in T2D should be evaluated. (Less)
Moment of Hope, Mode of Realism: On the Dynamics of a Transnational Journalistic Field During UN Climate Change Summits

Taking the global climate-change summits (the COP process and particularly the Copenhagen 2009 COP15 summit) as a point of departure, this article looks at the dynamics of a momentarily articulated transnational journalistic field. Based on a comparative study of summit coverage across the world, the article identifies two broad positions shared by many journalists and newspapers. On one hand, journalists took an active part in constructing and mediating a normatively based, cosmopolitan discourse that demanded a conclusive, multilateral agreement. On the other hand, journalism produced a detached and partly nationally grounded discourse of power realism. This article also looks at how these shared and rival positions opened space and opportunities for journalists to criticize and scrutinize their domestic political actors on the issue of climate change. Finally, the study argues that despite its cosmopolitan moments and reflexivity, journalism was part of a potential change of tone in climate-change coverage in which the plausibility of a multilateral agreement and the legitimacy of transnational organizations (such as the UN) may have been seriously undermined, at least in the short run.
The effect of organizational on intellectual capital considering the meditating role of academic entrepreneurship in Mazandaran Islamic Azad University

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational learning on intellectual capital considering the role of mediator of university entrepreneurship in Islamic Azad universities in Mazandaran province. Method: The research method was applied for descriptive-correlative data collection. The statistical population consisted of 764 professors of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran province. 260 samples were selected as a sample through a random cluster sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with 75 questions. The data were analyzed using structural equation approach and LISREL software. Findings: Findings showed that organizational learning with a coefficient of 0.88 and academic entrepreneurship with a standard coefficient of 0.20 had a direct effect on intellectual capital, and organizational learning with a standard coefficient of 0.72 had a direct effect on academic entrepreneurship. Results: The results of the research showed that organizational learning and academic entrepreneurship have a significant effect on intellectual capital. On the other hand, academic entrepreneurship plays the role of mediation in the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational learning.
Preharvest and Postharvest Factors Affecting the Quality and Shelf Life of Harvested Tomatoes: A Mini Review

Tomato production can serve as a source of income for most rural and periurban producers in most developing countries of the world. However, postharvest losses make its production unprofitable in these parts of the world. Postharvest losses in tomatoes can be as high as 42% globally. Postharvest losses in tomatoes can be either quantitative or qualitative. Even though emphasis in crop research nowadays is increasing shifting from quantity to quality of produce, there is still little improvement in the quality of commercially produced tomato varieties, hence resulting in high quality losses. From the study it was discovered that the postharvest quality status of tomatoes partly depended on some preharvest practices carried out during production. Some of these factors are fertiliser application, pruning, maturity stage, cultivar selection, and irrigation. Using best postharvest handling practices or factors such as temperature, relative humidity, gases in storage, postharvest calcium chloride application, and physical handling procedures to maintain the quality after harvest was also critical. It was concluded by this study that understanding and managing both preharvest and postharvest factors properly will reduce the postharvest quality losses in tomatoes.
Classical biocontrol of weeds: Its definitions, selection of effective agents, and administrative-political problems

Dilemmas in weed biocontrol are wide ranging. Even the term biological control is confusing as meanings may be restricted to the use of parasites and predators or extend to the use of all non-chemical means of control. Another problem is that two-thirds of the agents released do not become numerous enough to inflict major damage to the weed population, although this statistic is misleading as it includes agents costing little in prerelease studies where failure is of little consequence and those costing about two scientist years each, or currently about $400,000. Many of the suggestions for improvement are costly and time consuming. Delay is unacceptable where agent release is seen by sponsors as a mark of progress in a program likely to require 20 years and funding is difficult. Analysis of previous biocontrol attempts for attributes of success have been disappointing, partly because there are a number of steps involved, each with its own attributes. This paper recognizes four graded success steps and discusses many agent selection methods. There are public demands for a change in emphasis from chemical to biological control; but in the absence of effective enabling legislation, the practice of biocontrol can be legally and politically hazardous; biocontrol should be carried out by a multi-disciplinary team but it is usually assigned to a single scientist; it needs to branch in new directions to remain scientifically stimulating, but this increases the risk of failure. Possible solutions for these dilemmas are discussed.
Photonic band structure calculations of two-dimensional Archimedean tiling patterns

We present a study of photonic band structures of two-dimensional Archimedean tiling patterns. The tilings we have investigated are $(4.{8}^{2})$, $({6}^{3})$, (4.6.12), and $({3}^{2}.4.3.4)$, which have been discovered computationally and experimentally in self-assembled microphase separation of $ABC$ star block terpolymer systems. Using plane-wave method, we have calculated eigenvalue equations for various combinations of dielectric contrast on the complex patterns. We demonstrate the existence of complete photonic band gaps in the (4.6.12) structure. Furthermore, we find that complete photonic bands readily open in the $({3}^{2}.4.3.4)$ structures in the same way as in dodecagonal quasicrystals. Complex tilings open up a way to construct photonic crystals.
Global Quasi-Minimal Residual Method for Image Restoration

The global quasi-minimal residual (QMR) method is a popular iterative method for the solution of linear systems with multiple right-hand sides. In this paper, we consider the application of the global QMR method to classical ill-posed problems arising from image restoration. Since the scale of the problem is usually very large, the computations with the blurring matrix can be very expensive. In this regard, we use a Kronecker product approximation of the blurring matrix to benefit the computation. In order to reduce the disturbance of noise to the solution, the Tikhonov regularization technique is adopted to produce better approximation of the desired solution. Numerical results show that the global QMR method outperforms the classic CGLS method and the global GMRES method.