Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A BAYESIAN NETWORK APPROACH TO BATTERY AGING IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE TRANSPORTATION AND GRID INTEGRATION

In this chapter, the battery aging models are reviewed and analyzed. In the literature, the battery aging studies and proposed models are highly dependent to the requirements of different disciplines and researches. Chemical and material scientists are more interested in what happens inside the cell, while from the engineering view, the cell’s performance in a module, pack or in a specific application is more important. Therefore, the proposed battery aging models can be classified based on the research’s view “scale”. This chapter explores the different battery aging scales from the material level to electrode, cell, module, pack and application level and presents the different mathematical models proposed for each level in the literature. Purpose of this chapter is to build the fundamental knowledge about the battery aging, which will be useful in the next chapters. 1 The material contained in this chapter is in preparation for submission to a journal.
Vasculogenic Mimicry As A Tumor Tissue-Produced Biofilm and an “ Apogenetic ” ECM Controlling Element

Homotransplants of human cancer cells were made in patients with cancer of various types and in various stages of progression. Tissue-cultured cancer cell lines (HEp 2, HEp 3 or RPMI 41) were used for 28 recipients, and cell suspensions prepared from surgical specimens were used for another 12. Homologous leukocytes or other nonneoplastic cells were admixed with some of the inocula. Sera collected at frequent but irregular intervals were tested for reaction with antigens prepared from HEp 2 cells, using the tanned erythrocyte agglutination technique. All pretransplantation sera gave negative tests. Twenty-three of the 28 recipients of tissue-cultured cells developed antibody at serum dilution titers of 1:10 to 1:40, usually by 14 days after transplantation. Five of the 12 direct homotransplant recipients developed antibody, but titers were only 1:5 or 1:10. As previously reported, rejection of these cancer cell homografts in cancer patients was significantly delayed in about half of the recipients—as compared with rate of rejection in healthy recipients. There was no consistent relationship between homotransplant behavior and antibody response. The role of serum antibody in homograft rejection, and the ability of cancer patients to produce serum antibody, are discussed briefly. These studies were supported in part by research grants from the National Cancer Institute of the United States Public Health Service and the American Cancer Society. The experience of transplant medicine and AIDS casts doubt that generalized immune suppression causes cancer: Regardless of what most of us want to tacitly assume regarding the immune system and cancer, certain research has invalidated any substantial link between general immune suppression and cancer causation. This research shows instead, a link between certain drugs that are used to intentionally suppress the immune system (as in organ transplants), and the initiation of cancers . The long-term use of the antibiotic cyclosporine A, that was used in virtually all human transplant recipients receiving donor organs or bone-marrow grafts was thought to induce cancers through direct long-term suppression of the so-called immune-surveillance mechanisms of the recipient host. However, elegant studies done only during the last decade have shown that it is the cyclosporine itself that may directly induces cancers in organ or bone-marrow recipients, rather than a generalized failure of the organ recipient’s immune-surveillance mechanisms. The so-called immune-surveillance mechanism, importantly, cannot identify cancer cells as non-self, because cancer cells aren’t non-self. Cancer cells derive from our own normal cells. Hojo et al., [Footnote 11], reported that:
EFFECT OF FEEDING PROGRAMME ON GROWTH AND BODY BALANCE OF MEAT RABBITS

Two feeding systems (L, ad libitum vs. R, feed restriction) were combined with three feeding plans (HH, MM, MH) to evaluate the effects on performance, slaughter results and nitrogen balance of 300 commercial crossbred rabbits kept individually from weaning to slaughter (34-70 d of age). Feed restriction ranged from 80% to 100% of ad libitum intake from the beginning of the trial until the end of the 3rd week. The three feeding plans were: 1) HH, H diet with high digestible energy content, 11.1 MJ DE/kg, during the whole trial; 2) MM, M diet with moderate DE, 10.6 MJ/kg, during the whole trial; 3) MH, M diet during the first three weeks and H diet during the last two weeks. Feed restriction did not affect health status, nutrient digestibility, growth rate and slaughter results, but improved feed conversion (2.96 vs. 2.89 in L and R rabbits, respectively; P<0.01) and reduced N excretion (2.15 vs. 2.07 g excreted N/d, in L and R rabbits; P<0.05). At the end of the first period (55 d), R rabbits showed lower empty body protein, lipid, and gross energy gains than L rabbits, but differences disappeared within the end of the trial. The high-energy feeding plan (HH) improved feed conversion (2.89 vs. 2.93 and 2.97 for HH, MH and MM, respectively; P<0.05), but increased excreted N (2.17 and 2.12 vs. 2.03 g/d; P<0.001) because of the higher DP/DE ratio of H diet. In conclusion, a moderate feed restriction during post weaning improved feed conversion and reduced N excretion without negative effects on growth or slaughter results. Besides, N excretion was confirmed to depend largely on dietary nitrogen content.
Feature Selection using Conﬁdent Margin for SVM

The aim of this study is to develop a feature subset selection method based on the concept of margin in SVM. The problem of this approach is that the margin of SVM does not always provide clear relationship between its value and the SVM’s performance. The subset obtained by the selection algorithm does not correspond to the best performance subset. In this paper, we describe a new solution by introducing Conﬁdent Margin as the feature selection criterion. The experimental results show the possibility to achieve a result closer to the best recognition rate by monitoring the peak of CM curve.
The Eleventh Power Residue Symbol

Abstract This paper presents an efficient algorithm for computing 11th-power residue symbols in the cyclo-tomic field ℚ(ζ11), $ \mathbb{Q}\left( {{\zeta }_{11}} \right), $where 11 is a primitive 11th root of unity. It extends an earlier algorithm due to Caranay and Scheidler (Int. J. Number Theory, 2010) for the 7th-power residue symbol. The new algorithm finds applications in the implementation of certain cryptographic schemes.
Smartphones and language learning

The iPhone turns 10 years old in 2017. For the occasion, Apple is rumored to be adding significant new features for the model to be released this year. Whatever those may be, they are not likely to have the same impact that the release of the original iPhone had 10 years ago. That event led to a radical new vision for the design and capability of mobile devices. Within a short period of time, there was an industry shake-up, with Windows and Blackberry phones, the erstwhile smartphone leaders, being reduced to insignificance, along with digital music players (including Apple’s own iPod) and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The original iPhone also spawned a new mobile device industry through its big brother, the iPad. Competing products, inspired by Apple touchscreen devices, soon appeared, notably Android phones and later Chromebooks. These products, in particular, have had a major impact on education, as they have made largely affordable the advanced features introduced by Apple. In this column we will be looking at what these devices have meant for language learning and literacy education. I will be arguing that the Appleinspired touchscreen smartphone is not just another technological innovation, but rather a device that has ushered in a new era in the human–machine relationship and that, thereby, it has the potential (not yet realized) of fundamentally disrupting teaching and learning, including L1 and L2 literacies and learning.
IL-17 A promotes osteoclast formation via inducing RANKL in synovial cells

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can cause the destruction of articular cartilage and bone tissue. As a kind of an important support cells in the process of osteoclast differentiation, human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS) inflammation degree and regulatory cytokine expressions directly affect osteoclast differentiation formation and absorption. This study explored the role of IL-17 in affecting HFLS and osteoclasts. Articular cavity fluid was collected from RA and osteoarthritis patients. IL-17A content was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Th17 cell ratio was determined by flow cytometry. HFLS-osteoclast co-culture system was treated by 5 ng/ml IL-17A. Ki-67 expression in HFLS was evaluated by flow cytometry. Osteoclast cell number and bone resorptive pits were calculated. The co-culture system was divided into control, IL-17A group, and IL-17A + antibody group. RANKL mRNA and protein expressions, nuclear NFATc1 expression, osteoclasts formation, and bone resorption were compared. IL17A content and Th17 cell ratio in the synovial fluid were significantly higher in RA patients compared with control. IL17A obviously upregulated Ki-67 expression, promoted osteoclast formation, and increased bone resorptive pits in HFLS. IL-17A markedly upregulated RANKL mRNA and protein expressions in co-cultured HFLS, while IL-17 antibody treatment significantly declined RANKL mRNA and protein levels in HFLS, suppressed HFLS proliferation, reduced NFATc1 expression in the nucleus of osteoclast, decreased osteoclast formation, and attenuated bone absorption. IL-17A content and Th17 cell ratio significantly increased in the synovial fluid of RA patients. IL-17A promoted osteoclast differentiation and enhanced bone absorption via inducing RANKL expression in HFLS.
A C ] 1 A pr 2 01 4 Predicting zero reductions in Gröbner basis computations

Since Buchberger’s initial algorithm for computing Gröbner bases in 1965 many attempts have been taken to detect zero reductions in advance. Buchberger’s Product and Chain criteria may be known the most, especially in the installaton of Gebauer and Möller. A relatively new approach are signature-based criteria which were first used in Faugère’s F5 algorithm in 2002. For regular input sequences these criteria are known to compute no zero reduction at all. In this paper we give a detailed discussion on zero reductions and the corresponding syzygies. We explain how the different methods to predict them compare to each other and show advantages and drawbacks in theory and practice. With this a new insight into algebraic structures underlying Gröbner bases and their computations might be achieved.
Serial No . N 6302 NAFO SCR Doc . 14 / 011 SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL MEETING – JUNE 2014

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index for the Dec-Jan-Feb (DJF) period of 2012-13 was moderately negative, which is a significant reduction from the analogous period of 2011-12. During the previous two years, the NAO index was close to the level in the early 1990’s, a period characterized by the highest values in the last 2 decades. The NCEP reanalysis of surface air temperature also indicated above normal conditions with an anomaly ranging between 3 – 7°C above normal in the Labrador Sea during the winter period; about 0.5°C above normal for the most of Labrador Sea during the spring; approximately 0-0.5°C above normal for the summer period; with an anomaly of -2 – 0.5°C during the fall period. The negative anomalies were mostly in the Baffin Bay/Davis Strait area north of the Labrador Sea, and the central and eastern portion of Labrador Sea region had mostly positive anomalies, though the magnitudes of the anomalies are relatively small. Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Labrador Sea followed the pattern observed in the air temperature: positive (1 to 6°C) in the winter and positive (about 0.5°C) in the summer. The Labrador Shelf ice concentration was below normal in January and March of 2013 (reference period: 1979-2000), while in February 2013, the ice concentration was higher than normal for the northwestern part of Labrador Shelf. Winter time convection in 2013 reached to 1000 m, which is significantly shallower than the 1400 m seen in the previous year, although still deeper than in the years of reduced convective activity (e.g., 2007 and 2011). The 1000-1500 m layer of the central Labrador Sea has been gradually warming since 2012. Under the warming trend, the winter ice extent has also decreased on the Labrador shelf. Increasing TIC and decreasing pH react as predicted by absorbing the excess anthropogenic atmospheric CO2. When the ice extent on the shelves decreases, phytoplankton blooms occur earlier. In addition, blooms on the shelves, which occur following stratification caused by ice-melt, generally occur earlier than those in the central basin, where stratification is more the result of surface warming. Despite an increase in the magnitude of the spring blooms, when averaged over the year the chlorophyll-a biomass has tended to decline. The earlier and more intense production in the spring is certainly beneficial for the Calanus spp younger stages but the overall annual average decrease in chlorophyll could also be reflected in a decrease in total annual copepod abundance.
“ Identity Intersections ” as a method of investigating the cultural identity of students . A case study through the course of literature

The present research involves a case study carried out with eleven year-old schoolchildren in the course of their curriculum, and in the context of the scientific dialogue for defining cultural identity in multicultural societies. The aim of the research is that pupils, through the medium of graphic representation under the title “Identity Intersections”, associated with the method of analyzing subject matter, “Cultural Imagology”, recognize and determine first of all their own cultural identity, and secondly that of the “heroes” in a multicultural literary oeuvre. The findings, among other things, showed that there still exists a definite number of criteria that be it consciously or unconsciously are considered “objective” in connection with cultural identity, since and because literature can constitute a means of examining and amending aspects of national or local stereotypes.
Error annotation in the COPLE 2 corpus

We present the general architecture of the error annotation system applied to the COPLE2 corpus, a learner corpus of Portuguese implemented on the TEITOK platform. We give a general overview of the corpus and of the TEITOK functionalities and describe how the error annotation is structured in a two-level system: first, a fully manual token-based and coarse-grained annotation is applied and produces a rough classification of the errors in three categories, paired with multi-level information for POS and lemma; second, a multi-word and fine-grained annotation in standoff is then semi-automatically produced based on the first level of annotation. The token-based level has been applied to 47% of the total corpus. We compare our system with other proposals of error annotation, and discuss the fine-grained tag set and the experiments to validate its applicability. An inter-annotator (IAA) experiment was performed on the two stages of our system using Cohen’s kappa and it achieved good results on both levels. We explore the possibilities offered by the tokenlevel error annotation, POS and lemma to automatically generate the fine-grained error tags by applying conversion scripts. The model is planned in such a way as to reduce manual effort and rapidly increase the coverage of the error annotation over the full corpus. As the first learner corpus of Portuguese with error annotation, we expect COPLE2 to support new research in different fields connected with Portuguese as second/foreign language, like Second Language Acquisition/Teaching or Computer Assisted Learning.
Multi-level switch-capacitor DC–DC converter: variable voltage gain optimisation issues

The proposed nX DC–DC converter in 2013 has been a desired circuit for photovoltaic power system. However, its discrete even number voltage gains largely limit its performance in maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This study investigates the issue of voltage gains optimisation by proposing an improved topology and control method based on nX DC–DC converter, which is capable of providing both integer and fractional numbers of voltage gains, and the operating principle and control strategy are discussed in detail. Then, the cost of the new topology is evaluated and compared with several relevant converters by the index total device power rating. At last, the proposed converter topology and control strategy are validated in a real-time hardware-in-loop simulation platform based on RT-LAB.
Detecting community structure of common syndromes in heart system based on complex networks

Objective: To explore the community structure of common syndromes in heart system. Methods: Modified community detection algorithm was proposed and automated community structure analysis of medical data of heart syndromes from 1741 cases was performed. Results: Six communities corresponding to 4 basic syndromes consisting of heart fire hyperactivity syndrome, mind confusion by phlegm syndrome, heart yin asthenia syndrome and heart yang asthenia syndrome and 2 complex syndromes comprising heart qi-blood asthenia syndrome and heart-brain obstruction syndrome were divided by the community detection algorithm. Conclusion: Community detection algorithm realizes the extraction and identification of disease-location and disease-character characteristics of common syndromes in heart system, so as to provide evidence for analyzing basic syndromes in heart system and summarizing the relationship between disease locations and disease characters as well as the degree of correlation.
A Variational Inference Approach for Locally Private Inference of Poisson Factorization Models

Poisson factorization models are a powerful tool in social science and machine learning for understanding data generated by people. For instance, a corporate email corpus can surface count data such as interactions between parties, counts of words in documents, and logs of types of events and their actors recorded in these messages. However, these data may also encode interactions and content that their human generators wish to keep private, which risks leaking information specific to a few interactions in the final low-rank model. Most existing methods for private inference of exponential family models operate in the central model (Park et al., 2016; Bernstein and Sheldon, 2018), in which a trusted aggregator collects all the data and perturbs it to ensure privacy. Recent work by Schein et al. (2018) provides a privacy-preserving method for Poisson factorization models in the local model, in which individual users perturb their own data to ensure privacy without relying on any trusted party. The privacy guarantee uses a generalization of local differential privacy (Warner, 1965) called limited-precision local privacy, which allows privacy protection on observations of variable scales (e.g. ranging from an entire document to a single word token). A corresponding MCMC procedure for inference of Poisson factorization models relies on the recharacterization of the traditional data generative process to include the addition of perturbation through two-sided geometric noise (Ghosh et al., 2012), with the true data characterized a random variable generated using the Skellam and Bessel distributions. The implementation of this method in prior work of (Schein et al., 2018) applies an MCMC approach to iteratively resample the latent variables, such that after an initial burn-in period of resampling, these samples may be aggregated to estimate the true model parameters. However, this approach to private Bayesian Poisson matrix factorization is prohibitively slow for two primary reasons. First, it requires sampling from the Bessel distribution, which is much slower than sampling for nonprivate Poisson factorization. Second, the addition of private noise produces a denser matrix of observations, in which no observed zero entry in the data is necessarily a true zero in the original data. This addition converts inference from a sparse problem, where zero counts could be ignored, to a dense one, where every entry in the observed data requires an expensive sampling procedure.
P 1 . 7 THE EFFECT OF SPATIAL SCALE OF CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS ON CROP PRODUCTION IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

We use the CERES family of crop models to assess the effect of different spatial scales of climate change scenarios on the simulated yield changes of maize (Zea mays L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Southeastern United States. The climate change scenarios were produced with the control and doubled CO2 runs of a high resolution regional climate model and a coarse resolution general circulation model, which provided the initial and lateral boundary conditions for the regional model. When considering the effect of climate change only at the individual state level, maize yields decreased in all states for both scenarios (─5 to ─29%), but the differences in yields between the two scenarios were generally significant, the coarse scale showing the larger decreases. Winter wheat yield decreases (─27 to ─48%) were larger than those for maize but the differences in yields produced by the two climate change scenarios were insignificant in most states. With elevated CO2 for maize the signs of yield changes from base differed between the two scenarios in three states (positive for the fine scale). For maize the primary climate variable that explained the contrast in the yields calculated from the two scenarios is the precipitation during grain fill leading to different water stress levels. Temperature during vernalization explains some contrasts in winter wheat yields. Scenario scale resulted in significantly different rice yields, but mainly because of low variability in yields. With adaptation, the contrasts in the yields of all crops produced by the scenarios were reduced but not entirely removed. Yield changes from base remained negative for winter wheat but became positive for corn and rice. Our results indicate that spatial resolution of climate change scenarios can be an important uncertainty in climate change impact assessments, depending on the crop and management conditions.
Oxidative Stress in the Vitreous Fluid with Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Purpose: To characterize the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) in the vitreous fluid in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Design: Laboratory investigation. Materials and methods: Undiluted vitreous fluid was obtained at the time of vitrectomy from patients with RRD (45 eyes), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, 93 eyes), retinal vein occlusion (14 eyes), epiretinal membrane (ERM, 18 eyes) and macular hole (MH, 24 eyes). The BAP values were determined by measuring the reducing potential shown by the conversion of Fe3+ to Fe2+. Clinical features including the extent of the detachment, duration of symptoms, presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy or vitreous hemorrhaging, and macular status (on or off), as well as the patient age were analyzed. Results: RRD patients exhibited a significantly lower BAP than MH patients, and PDR patients had a significantly lower BAP than ERM and MH patients. Regarding the clinical features, although the BAP in RRD patients was significantly correlated with the extent of the detached area (β=−0.384, p=0.008), there was no significant correlation between the BAP and the other features in a multivariate regression analysis. Discussion: The present results suggest that significantly increased oxidative stress was present in RRD patients compared to MH Patients. Controlling oxygen stress may be an effective treatment for photoreceptor protection in cases of RRD.