Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supportive parenting mediates widening neighborhood socioeconomic disparities in children ’ s antisocial behavior from ages 5 to 12

In this article we report a graded relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and children’s antisocial behavior that (1) can be observed at school entry, (2) widens across childhood, (3) remains after controlling for family-level SES and risk, and (4) is completely mediated by maternal warmth and parental monitoring (defined throughout as supportive parenting). Children were participants in the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study (n=2232), which prospectively tracked the development of children and their neighborhoods across childhood. Direct and independent effects of neighborhood-level SES on children’s antisocial behavior were observed as early as age 5 and the gap between children living in deprived versus more affluent neighborhoods widened as children approached adolescence. By age 12, the effect of neighborhood socioeconomic status on children’s antisocial behavior was as large as the effect observed for our most robust predictor of antisocial behavior – sex! (Cohen’s d = .51 when comparing children growing up in deprived versus more affluent neighborhoods in comparison to Cohen’s d = .53 when comparing antisocial behavior among boys versus girls). However, differences in children’s levels and rate of change in antisocial behavior across deprived versus more affluent neighborhoods were completely mediated by supportive parenting practices. Implications of our findings for studying and reducing socioeconomic disparities in antisocial behavior among children are discussed.
Apolipoprotein B Arg3500Gln Mutation Prevalence in Children With Hypercholesterolemia: A French Multicenter Study

Background Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100, a dominantly inherited form of hypercholesterolemia caused by a single Arg3500Gln mutation, is silent in childhood but may confer a high risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The objective was to determine the prevalence of familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 in hypercholesterolemic French children and to provide a basis for targeting screening efforts in this population. Methods One hundred ninety children attending 13 pediatric clinics distributed throughout France were included based on the presence of type IIa hypercholesterolemia with a plasma low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol level of more than 130 mg/dL. The Arg3500Gln mutation was detected in dried blood spots using a polymerase chain reaction assay combined with enzymatic restriction. Results Three hyperlipidemia phenotypes were found: monogenic dominant pure hypercholesterolemia (n = 117), polygenic hypercholesterolemia (n = 43), and combined hyperlipidemia (n = 11). Three unrelated children were heterozygous for the Arg3500Gln mutation; all three had monogenic dominant pure hypercholesterolemia (3/94 families; 3.2%), yielding a prevalence of 1.83% (3/164) in hypercholesterolemic children, which is similar to prevalences reported in European adults. Conclusions The familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 mutation was common (1/31) in children with a phenotype of familial hypercholesterolemia, supporting screening in this population with the goal of preventing premature cardiovascular events.
Science outreach and science education: The analysis of dilemmas faced to promote the creation of the third space

To achieve economical growth, countries such as Ireland need to continue to invest in scientific enterprise, which necessitates having more students choose and follow scientific careers. Current literature and policies point out that science education needs structural and methodological changes to respond to this objective of challenging our youth to choose science. This has resulted in an increasing call for science outreach programs. Nevertheless, these programs have been classified as still sporadic and incoherent. To achieve their objectives and potential it is argued that they need to be further integrated within the formal sector, thus creating a third space in science education. This study will address this issue by focusing in the final two years of the primary level science education. Teachers and science outreach practitioners will be faced with methodological issues for fostering students’ interest in science. This research method will be applied in order to investigate and design an effective model(s) of science outreach. It also aims to comprehend where the issues and tensions lie between science outreach and science education and how they affect the potential for the creation of partnerships between schools and outreach providers.
Mass mortalities of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas reflect infectious diseases and vary with farming practices in the Mediterranean Thau lagoon, France

Experiments were conducted to investi- gate the effects of farming sites, seeding date, age of oysters, ploidy level and rearing structures on mor - tality, pathogens and energetic reserves of oysters Crassostrea gigas. Mortality of oysters coincided with infections involving, primarily, the ostreid herpesvirus OsHV-1 and, secondarily, bacteria of the group Vibrio splendidus, when seawater temperature was between 17 and 24°C. Mortality started in early May and lasted until late September, with an interruption in July and August when seawater temperatures rose above 24°C. Mortality varied with farming site: oysters maintained in the open Mediterranean Sea showed no mortality and OsHV-1 was occasionally detected at a low level only, while oysters maintained in the farming area of the Thau lagoon exhibited mass mortality events concomitantly with outbreaks of OsHV-1. Mortality of oysters maintained in the Thau lagoon but outside the oyster farming area was sporadic and co incided with currents coming from the farming area where mortality was occurring. Mortality of oysters also varied with farming practices. Naive oysters remained susceptible to pathogen-related mortality pressure during their first 2 yr, whereas oysters that had survived a mass mortality event in the past appeared resistant. Mor - talities of diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) oysters were similar during spring but mortalities of 2n oysters were double those of 3n oysters during summer and autumn. Finally, oysters grown in Australian baskets suffered 80% mortality compared with only 30% among oysters cemented onto ropes. The effects of farming practices on mortality are discussed in relation to pathogens and energetic reserves of oysters. OPENEN ACCESSCESS
OSPF and BGP State Migration for Resource-Portable IP Router

This paper proposes an Internet protocol (IP) state migration method for developing resource-portable IP routers that are not virtual-machine based but commercial based. Resource-portable IP routers have the potential for achieving a sustainable network by functioning as a shared backup router. While previous studies relied on a virtualized technology (e.g., a virtual machine-based router on commodity hardware), current commercial routers was not virtualized but implemented as a proprietary hardware and software. We achieved IP state migration for a proprietary router with control packet sniffing of the open shortest path first (OSPF) protocol and border gateway protocol (BGP) peer masquerade using a software-defined network controller. We implemented our method and verified the accuracy of the state migration of routing tables generated using OSPF and BGP.
Bandwidth enhancement for small patch antenna using PBG structure for different wireless applications

A design strategy using Photonic Band Gap (PBG) structure on ground plane to achieve wider bandwidth for patch antenna is presented. It is found that, the impedance bandwidth has improved from 3.72% to 31.9 % at centre frequency 9 GHz after adding PBG on the ground plane. The antenna has multi band operations at 5, 6 and 9 GHz. E-Plane and H-plane radiation patter is satisfied within this bands.
Robust Guided Matching and Multi-layer Feature Detection Applied to High Resolution Spherical Images

We present a novel, robust guided matching technique. Given a set of calibrated spherical images along with the associated sparse 3D point cloud, our approach consiste tly finds matches across the images in a multilayer feature detection framework. New feature matches are used to refine existing 3D points or to add reliable ones to the point cloud, therefore improving scene represen tatio . We use real indoor and outdoor scenarios to validate the robustness of the proposed approach. Moreov e , we perform a quantitative evaluation of our technique to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Prevalence of Hyper- and Hypoglycemia Among Inpatients With Diabetes

The recent demonstration (1–3) of the benefits of intensive glycemic control in hospitalized patients has renewed interest in inpatient management of diabetes. Poor glycemic control is a marker for poor quality of hospital care (4), as well as an important safety issue: insulin is one of five medications most associated with inpatient medication errors (5,6). Moreover, many hospitals continue to solely rely on insulin “sliding scales” despite the limitations of this approach (7,8). To gain a broader understanding of the current quality of inpatient diabetes management, we analyzed the prevalence and management of hyper- and hypoglycemia among 999 patients with known diabetes treated in 44 hospitals across the U.S. Data were derived from two sources: the University Health System Consortium (UHC) Diabetes Benchmarking Project and VHA, Inc. The UHC project collected inpatient and outpatient data in 2003 by standardized chart review of 274 patients aged ≥18 years with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (diagnosed by their outpatient physicians), who were admitted as inpatients to 1 of 29 academic medical centers located in 20 states. Chart reviewers identified the highest and lowest glucose values during hospital admissions and recorded the highest and lowest glucose results for the 2 days preceding and following the peak and nadir. In 2003–2004, 15 member hospitals of VHA, Inc, an alliance that serves ∼1,400 not-for-profit U.S. hospitals, performed baseline chart reviews on 725 general medical and surgical patients aged >18 …
Truck Driver Scheduling in the United States

The U.S. truck driver scheduling problem (US-TDSP) is the problem of visiting a sequence of λ locations within given time windows in such a way that driving and working activities of truck drivers comply with U.S. hours-of-service regulations. In the case of single time windows it is known that the US-TDSP can be solved in O(λ3) time. In this paper, we present a scheduling method for the US-TDSP that solves the single time window problem in O(λ2) time. We show that in the case of multiple time windows the same complexity can be achieved if the gap between subsequent time windows is at least 10 hours. This situation occurs, for example, if, because of opening hours of docks, handling operations can only be performed between 8.00 a.m. and 10.00 p.m. Furthermore, we empirically show that for a wide range of other problem instances the computational effort is not much higher if multiple time windows are considered.
Stability of the residual structure in unfolded BPTI in different conditions of temperature and solvent composition measured by disulphide kinetics and double mutant cycle analysis.

The folding funnel model proposes a clear description of the protein folding process. To test this model, additional data on the structures populated in different stages of folding and their influence on further folding are required. Here, we use the double mutant strategy and disulphide formation kinetics measurements to study the impact on folding of the residual structure in unfolded bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI). We show how five amino acid residues stabilise a folding initiation site, possibly a beta-hairpin, and influence the shape of the upper region of the folding funnel in BPTI in different conditions of temperature and solvent composition. Our data provide experimental evidence for the mechanism by which a fast search for a proper chain topology is made possible early in the folding of proteins. The results apply to proteins in general, not necessarily just to disulphide bonded proteins, since cysteine residues are used here merely as reporter groups.
Using Historical Data for Retrospective Prediction of Rainfall In the Midwest

The Missouri River Basin (MRB) is an important food-producing region in the United States and Canada. Climate variability and water availability affect crops production in this region. Past climate data have been recorded at various locations in the basin over a period of ten years. We use the data for a retrospective prediction of rainfall. As the dimension of the data is relatively large, a sufficient dimension reduction approach is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data while preserving the regression information pertinent to rainfall. We use the nascent dimension reduction methodology called Minimum Average Deviance Estimation or MADE to reduce the dimensionality of the climate data. Since MADE is still a tool in development, we explored two of its intrinsic prediction methods and compared them to the Nadaraya-Watson prediction approach by a cross-validation. A parallel implementation of MADE and its prediction methods on a high performance computer were carried out. A performance study was performed along with the application of the best prediction method to the MRB climate data.
Empirically derived cut-points for sedentary behaviour: are we sitting differently?

Sedentary behaviour (SB) is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. Studies that have used ActiGraph monitors to define sedentary time tend to use a threshold of <100 counts per minute (cpm) for classifying SB; however, this cut-point was not empirically derived for adults. It is not known whether ActiGraph cut-points for SB differ depending on the context in which it occurs. We aimed to: (1) empirically derive an optimal threshold for classifying SB, using the cpm output from the ActiGraph GT3X+, compared to the sedentary classification from the activPAL3™; and (2) ascertain whether this varied by day of the week and in working time versus non-working time. A convenience sample of 30 office-based university employees (females (66.67%); age 40.47 ± 10.95 years; BMI 23.93 ± 2.46 kg m−2) wore the ActiGraph GT3X+ and activPAL3™ devices simultaneously for seven days. Data were downloaded in 1 min epochs and non-wear time was removed. Generalised estimating equations were used to make minute by minute comparisons of sedentary time from the two devices, using sedentary minutes (when all 60 s were classified as sitting/lying) from the activPAL3™ as the criterion measure. After data reduction participants provided on average 11 h 27 min of data per day. The derived cut-points from the models were significantly higher on a Saturday (97 cpm) compared to weekdays (60 cpm) and Sunday (57 cpm). Derived cpm for sedentary time during working time were significantly lower compared to non-working time (35 (95%CI 30–41) versus 73 (54–113)). Compared to the 100 cpm and 150 cpm thresholds, the empirically derived cut-points were not significantly different in terms of area-under-the-curve, but had lower mean bias for working and non-working times. Accelerometer cut-points for SB can depend on day and also domain, suggesting that the nature of sitting differs depending on the context in which sedentary time is accrued.
Environmental factors influencing Pyrenophora semeniperda-caused seed mortality in Bromus tectorum

Abstract Temperature and water potential strongly influence seed dormancy status and germination of Bromus tectorum. As seeds of this plant can be killed by the ascomycete fungus Pyrenophora semeniperda, this study was conducted to learn how water potential and temperature influence mortality levels in this pathosystem. Separate experiments were conducted to determine: (1) if P. semeniperda can kill dormant or non-dormant seeds across a range of water potentials (0 to − 2 MPa) at constant temperature (20°C); and (2) how temperature (5–20°C) and duration at reduced water potentials (0–28 days) affect the outcome. When inoculated with the fungus at 20°C, all dormant seeds were killed, but fungal stromata appeared more quickly at higher water potentials. For non-dormant seeds, decreasing water potentials led to reduced germination and greater seed mortality. Results were similar at 10 and 15°C. Incubation at 5°C prevented stromatal development on both non-dormant and dormant seeds regardless of water potential, but when seeds were transferred to 20°C, dormant seeds evidenced high mortality. For non-dormant seeds, exposure to low water potential at 5°C resulted in secondary dormancy and increased seed mortality. Increasing incubation temperature, decreasing water potential and increasing duration at negative water potentials all led to increased mortality for non-dormant seeds. The results are consistent with field observations that pathogen-caused mortality is greatest when dormant seeds imbibe, or when non-dormant seeds experience prolonged or repeated exposure to low water potentials. We propose a conceptual model to explain the annual cycle of interaction in the Bromus tectorum–Pyrenophora semeniperda pathosystem.
Transgenic mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma

The feasibility of introducing molecularly cloned genetic material into the germ lines of mammals was first demonstrated in 1980 (1). The observation that such new genetic material can be transmitted through the germ line (2, 3) and (if appropriately designed), efficiently expressed (41, has led to wide use of “transgenic” (2) animals for studies of gene regulation, mutagenesis and creation of animal models of human disease (5, 6). Although transgenic models are at times complex and difficult to interpret, they are also highly instructive. Perhaps one of the most interesting and provocative examples of transgenic mouse models of human disease is represented by the animals in which, as a result of introduction of transgene constructs, HCC develops. The study by Geller et al. in this issue of HEPATOLOGY (71, in which HCC is reported to develop in transgenic mice expressing the Z mutant of a,-antitrypsin, adds yet another interesting chapter to this developing story. a,-Antitrypsin deficiency has long been associated with development of HCC in human beings (81, but the mechanism by which heterozygosity or homozygosity for mutations of the corresponding gene leads to carcinoma has been unclear. In the Z mutation, ample amounts of protein are produced and anti-protease activity is retained. However, the protein is not transported effectively into the serum and, consequently, accumulates in hepatocytes. Human beings with the mutation are thus deficient in serum a,-antitrypsin activity and also have hepatocytes that accumulate abnormally high quantities of the mutant protein. The mice described in Geller’s report were found previously to have a similar defect in transport of the human protein from mouse liver (9). However, these transgenic animals are distinct from human subjects with a,-antitrypsin deficiency in that they presumably retain the corresponding murine antiprotease activity as a result of the continued function of the relevant endogenous mouse genes. This presumption is based on the observation that integration of foreign DNA is apparently random in transgenic mice (4-6) and thus that replacement of a mouse anti-protease gene with the human clone is exceedingly unlikely. That HCC is now reported to develop in such animals focuses attention on protein accumulation as a cause of HCC;
Mineralogy and Petrography of Lunar Samples

The lunar samples consist largely of augite, calcic plagioclase, and ilmenite. Olivine is a minor constituent of some rocks, as is cristobalite. Other minerals present in small amounts include tridymite, chromite, kamacite, taenite, and troilite. The principal rock types can be broadly grouped into ilmenite basalts and breccias. Except for their high ilmenite content, the lunar rocks resemble the calcium-rich achondritic meteorites (eucrites and howardites) in composition and structure. Evidence of a meteoritic increment in the lunar soil is provided by the presence of nickel-iron particles in glass and breccia, and the occurrence of metal-troilite spheroids; the breccias contain occasional silicate aggregates that resemble meteoritic chondrules. The lunar fines contain 325 parts of watersoluble calcium per million.
Rifampicin carrying polyhydroxybutyrate microspheres as a potential chemoembolization agent.

In this study, we attempted to prepare microspheres from a microbial biodegradable polyester, i.e. polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as a potential chemoembolization agent. The drug loaded PHB microspheres were prepared by a solvent evaporation technique, in which methylene chloride, distilled water, and polyvinyl alcohol were utilized as the solvent, dispersion medium, and emulsifier, respectively. Microspheres were obtained within a size range of 5-100 microns by changing the initial polymer/solvent ratio, emulsifier concentration, stirring rate, and initial drug concentration. It was possible to obtain PHB with very narrow size distributions by applying gravity field-flow fractionation technique. Very high drug loadings of up to 407.6 mg rifampicin/g PHB were achieved. Drug release rates were very rapid. Almost 90% of the drug loaded was released in about 24 h. Both the size and drug content of PHB microspheres were found to be effective in controlling the drug release from these microspheres.
Visualizing content based relations in texts

Our goal is to efficiently visualize a medium sized hypertext database containing 500-20000 articles. The visualization technique we propose is an information landscape. Basically, the information landscape maps texts into a 2D plane so that related texts are placed next to each other. The hypertexts' location is calculated according to their content and not according to their links. Combining already published algorithms, the clustering works very well. An important issue, however, is a well-designed user interface (UI). The article presents two 2D interfaces and an improved 3D version. The paper covers all aspects from preprocessing and clustering to the final UI and its functionality.
Study on the role of grit in Korean elderly suicide ideation

This study aims to understand the role of grit in Korean elderly suicide ideation. The subjects of this study are male and female elderly over 65 living in a local community. Main result is that if they had low grit when they had high depression, their suicidal ideation was high, but if they had high grit, their suicidal ideation significantly decreased.
Advances in Development of a Genetic System forThermoanaerobacterium spp.: Expression of Genes Encoding Hydrolytic Enzymes, Development of a Second Shuttle Vector, and Integration of Genes into the Chromosome

ABSTRACT Despite recent success in transforming various thermophilic gram-type-positive anaerobes with plasmid DNA, use of shuttle vectors for the expression of genes other than antibiotic resistance markers has not previously been described. We constructed new vectors in order to express heterologous hydrolytic enzymes in our model system,Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum JW/SL-YS485. Transformed Thermoanaerobacterium expressed active enzyme, indicating that this system may function as an alternate expression host, especially for genes with a thermophilic origin. To develop further the genetic system for T. saccharolyticumJW/SL-YS485, two improved Escherichia coli-Thermoanaerobacterium shuttle vectors, pRKM1 and pRUKM, were constructed. Furthermore, the kanamycin resistance cassette alone and the kanamycin resistance cassette plus the cellobiohydrolase gene (cbhA) from Clostridium thermocellum JW20 were integrated into the xylanase gene (xynA) region of theThermoanaerobacterium chromosome via homologous recombination using pUC-based suicide vectors pUXK and pUXKC.