Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction-based Mendelian randomization with measured and unmeasured gene-by-covariate interactions

Studies leveraging gene-environment (GxE) interactions within Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses have prompted the emergence of two methodologies: MR-GxE and MR-GENIUS. Such methods are attractive in allowing for pleiotropic bias to be corrected when using individual instruments. Specifically, MR-GxE requires an interaction to be explicitly identified, while MR-GENIUS does not. We critically examine the assumptions of MR-GxE and MR-GENIUS, and propose sensitivity analyses to evaluate their performance. Finally, we explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) using data from the UK Biobank. We find both approaches share similar assumptions, though differences between the approaches lend themselves to differing research settings. Where interactions are identified, MR-GxE relies on weaker assumptions and allows for further sensitivity analyses. MR-GENIUS circumvents the need to identify interactions, but relies on the MR-GxE assumptions holding globally. Through applied analyses we find evidence of a positive effect of BMI upon SBP.
Nutritional quality of commercial baby food based on cereals

Commercial baby food based on cereals are the products usually made with cereals, sugar and variable additives. As the foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses, baby foods for infants and young children conforms to a set of strict guidelines e.g. nutritional quality, addition of additives, labelling. However, being an important supplement to children diet and for their progressive adaptation to ordinary food, the nutritional quality of commercial baby food based on cereals in very important. Samples of commercial baby food from the market and pharmacies were analyzed by parameters: pH, total soluble solids, moisture, total acidity, vitamin C, proteins, sugars and lipids. All samples of baby food are produced by foreign companies since currently there are no Kosovo manufacturers producing this range of products. The nutritional quality parameters are important to assess the quality of the product and how it can be safely stored. The analyzed parameters were all within the allowed limits. However, as a precaution, storage remarks in the product labels should always be followed.
Parallel overloaded CDMA crossbar for network on chip

For high performance of Network on Chip (NoC), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technique is used recently due to its fixed communication delay, reduced area utilisation and low power consumption. The CDMA system uses Walsh based spreading code which improves the bandwidth efficiency. On the contrary, it is not effective when the number of nodes present in the system increases. Overloaded CDMA (OCDMA) is presented for such large network systems. In this paper, OCDMA crossbar is modified and advanced with parallel encoding and decoding operation using orthogonal gold codes for improving the speed of crossbar thereby obtaining high performance in NoC switch. A modified crossbar consisting of extra processing elements is used to enhance the performance of NoC based System on Chip (SoC) system. This work is simulated on Xilinx tool and implemented in Vertex-6 (XC6VLX760) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. The proposed work is implemented for four ports, eight ports and sixteen ports with deterministic X-Y routing algorithm in 3 3 NoC design with mesh topology. This NoC switch shows 9.79% improvement in delay and shows 20.76% improvement in power consumption when compared to the existing CDMA NoCs for 8 bit data packet.
Tobacco rattle virus-A pathogen Based Vector System as a Tool for Functional Genomics

In this era of genomic research, it has become highly important to understand the mechanisms by which plant genes are influenced and respond to their immediate environment. However, dissecting these crucial mechanisms is a challenge in many non-model and crop plant species due to the unavailability of reliable genetic transformation protocols. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) has emerged as the most suitable alternative approach to bypass these processes as it does not require any stable transgenic lines. Among various VIGS systems developed till date, Tobacco Rattle Virus based Induced Gene Silencing (TRV-VIGS) is the most extensively preferred one. It has been frequently used in many members of Solanaceae, Rosaceae, Brassicaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae, Amaranthaceae and some other plant families to study the plant–pathogen and plant-herbivore interactions, evolution and various plant developmental processes. The experimental range of plant species amenable to TRV-VIGS is increasing day by day with refinement in inoculation techniques and improvement of new TRV viral vectors and protocols. This book-chapter explores the methodology and recent advancements in currently available widely adopted TRV-VIGS system.
Parallel computing and parallel programming models : application in digital image processing in mobile systems and personal mobile devices

Today powerful parallel computer architectures empower numerous application areas in personal computing and consumer electronics and parallel computation is an established mainstay in personal mobile devices (PMD). During last ten years PMDs have been equipped with increasingly powerful parallel computation architectures (CPU+GPU) enabling rich gaming, photography and multimedia experiences ultimately general purpose parallel computation through application programming interfaces. This study views into current status of parallel computing and parallel programming, and specifically its application and practices of digital image processing applied in the domain of Mobile Systems (MS) and Personal Mobile Devices (PMD). The application of parallel computing and -programming has become more common today with the changing user-application requirements and with the increased requirements of sustained high-performance applications and functionality. Furthermore, the paradigm shift of data consumption in personal computing towards PMD and mobile devices is under increased interest. The history of parallel computation in MS and PMD is relatively new topic in academia and industry. The literature study revealed that while there is good amount of new application specific research emerging in this domain, the foundations of dominant and common parallel programming paradigms in the area of MS and PMD are still moving targets.
Évaluation de la performance diagnostique de l’imagerie hybride TEP-IRM pour l’exploration des troubles cognitifs dans la pratique clinique

Introduction : l'objectif de notre etude etait d'evaluer la valeur diagnostique de l'imagerie hybride TEP-IRM pour l'exploration des troubles cognitifs, de dechiffrer la contribution respective de l'imagerie IRM et TEP-FDG dans le diagnostic final et d'identifier le diagnostic ajoute de la volumetrie automatique de l'hippocampe. Methodes : nous avons analyse retrospectivement les examens TEP-IRM de 48 patients adresses a nos institutions pour l'exploration de troubles cognitifs et ayant des biomarqueurs dans le LCR realises. La TEP-FDG et les sequences morphologiques ont ete analyses separement puis conjointement, en aveugle des symptomes cliniques. Resultats : dans notre etude, La TEP-IRM a diagnostique 29 patients MA sur 34 (85.3% des patients) avec des biomarqueurs positifs. Elle a une bonne performance pour classer correctement les patients MA des non MA (Se : 85.3% ; Sp : 78. 6% ; BA : 82 .0%). Sa performance diagnostique et le niveau de confiance etaient plus eleves que celles de la TEP-FDG ou de l’IRM seules. La volumetrie automatique de l'hippocampe n'a pas discrimine les patients MA des patients non MA. Discussion : la TEP-IRM peut etre utilise dans la pratique clinique pour l'exploration de troubles cognitifs, avec une bonne performance diagnostique pour identifier les patients MA des patients non MA. Elle a une meilleure performance diagnostique avec un meilleur niveau de confiance que la TEP-FDG ou l’IRM seules. La volumetrie hippocampique ne permet pas de differencier les patients MA des non MA.
Suspicious Skin Lesion in an 11-Year-Old Male

Leishmania species are the causative organisms and sandflies are the known vector. 2 LCL often manifests as a well-defined ulcer with an indurated or erythematous border. 3,4 Diagnosis is suggested by clinical and epidemiological features but is confirmed by parasite identification. In endemic regions, the recommended diagnostic test is amastigote visualization by microscopy. Alternative methods include culture, histopathology, and molecular testing. 5 Recent literature reports high sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for diagnosis of LCL, particularly when used in combination with conventional methods. 4,6-7 ultimately methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus (MSSA) . Pathology revealed a lymphoplasmacytic and fat necrosis. Leishmania PCR and DNA sequencing, real time-PCR, and microscopy were negative. The patient was treated with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, but the patient did not return to seek additional care, it is uncertain if the lesion resolved with this treatment.
Modeling the impact of weather and climatic conditions and nutrition variants on the yield of spring barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Crop yield is a result of the interaction between plant genetic traits, soil properties, agrotechnology and climatic regimes. Low yield tend to be formed in regions where it is limited to the extent of water availability, heat stress and the short duration of the grain filling period. High temperature and drought stress are projected to reduce crop yields and threaten food security. The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of treatment of spring barley crops with modern growth-regulating drugs on the background of mineral fertilizers, carried out in different weather and climatic conditions in 2013–2017 yrs on the Southern chernozem in the conditions of Steppe of Ukraine. It was studied the influence of weather and climatic conditions, varietal characteristics of spring barley and nutrition variants on the formation of grain yield. It was determined that the cultivation of spring barley, the introduction of pre-sowing cultivation of mineral fertilizer at a dose of N30P30 (background) and the use of crop foliar fertilizing at the beginning of the phase of stooling and earing by the complex organo-mineral fertilizer Escort bio created favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants of the studied varieties, which in turn had a positive effect on grain yield. Thus, according to this variant of nutrition, on average, during the years of research, it was formed the yield of 3.25–3.61 t ha grains depending on the studied variety. Results of researches showed that weather conditions during the years of research significantly influenced on the productivity of spring barley varieties. In 2016 the amount of precipitation was the highest (174.0 mm), the temperature during vegetation of spring barley was +14.9 °C. In 2013 the amount of precipitation was the lowest (67.4 mm), the temperature was +18.5 °C. The lowest crop yield was formed in 2013, and the highest yield was formed in 2016. Studies showed that the influence of weather factors in various interfacial periods of growth and development of spring barley was significant enough for the manifestation of signs of yield and its elements and is more dependent on rainfall.
Towards Negotiating Agents with Realistic Emotional Relationships in Intelligent Learning Environments

Social agents within Intelligent Learning Environments can enhance their own abilities by interacting to reach agreements and carrying them out. The typical reasoning process that directs agents to rejection or acceptance of these agreements is negotiation. In broad terms, an agreement is a series of conditions and commitments accepted by the parties involved that may refer to a future action plan, an exchange of articles, or assignment of tasks and roles. This article is aimed at proposing a negotiating agent that manifests realistic reactions resulting from forming emotional relationships that reflect in their interactions the characteristics of their personality and their emotional state. To this end, the use of negotiations in the development of social activities, some approaches for the implementation of negotiations between agents and software for the implementation of these agents are addressed. To conclude, the proposal of an agent that includes personality and emotions in the negotiation process to contribute to the realistic behavior of interactions in social agents is presented.
Performance evaluation of speculative semantics-based algorithm for read operations in distributed file system

File sharing semantics is proposed in the literature for sharing the files among the concurrent applications executed in the system. Many file sharing semantics are proposed for the distributed file system (DFS). Existing file sharing semantics in the distributed file system are unable to provide the most recent data to the read client applications while concurrent write client applications are modifying that data. We have proposed a new file sharing semantics called speculative semantics which can provide the most recent data to read client applications without affecting data consistency. We have proposed a new metric called data currency to compare the performance of the file sharing semantics. In this paper, we have developed an analytical model to measure the performance of proposed speculative semantics-based algorithm with session and linearisability semantics-based approaches. The results obtained through analytical model indicate that the proposed speculative semantics-based algorithm performs better than the session and linearisability-based approaches by considering the metric data currency.
Online Library Management System

The objective is to develop a web-based library management system based on HTML and PHP, MySQL in order to reduce the cost of management and make it convenient for the user. The web-based library management system includes the most popular components a common library management system has, administration, book seeker, leasing and e-mail. Besides, it has more humanistic functions such as library dues tracking. The website will be tested on some of the most popular browsers. The basic functions of Internet Information Services 7.5 and detail features of HTML and PHP were selected for the purpose of this project. The system and development tools are chosen based on their specific features that benefit the system. The first result of this study is an understanding of the advantages of HTML and PHP benefited a large project. The second result was building practical HTML and PHP projects based on a web server. The understanding of the development tools directly affected the quality of the website. The website of this project offered a high performance, secure, stable and an easy-to-maintain environment. In addition, the website will provide smooth link for attendance enquiry for the students on any kind of operating system. This website will mainly provide the overview of Central Library, library dues information, availability of books, list of books issued.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FAMILY FUNCTIONING AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF CAREGIVER OF CHILDREN WITH LEUKEMIA

Background: Quality of life of caregiver of children with leukemia is important because it can affect the quality of care provided and can affect the health of children and the caregiver themselves. One of the factors that influence the caregiver’s quality of life is the family functioning. However, a few number of research on the correlation of family functioning in the caregiver's situation.Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between family functioning and the caregiver’s quality of life of children with leukemia.Methods: This study used a Quality of Life Family Version questionnaire and a Family Assessment Device questionnaire. The populations in this study were all parents (father or mother) who were the primary caregiver of children with leukemia aged 0-15 years and were being treated at a referral hospital in West Java, Indonesia. Thirty-two respondents were determined by a total sampling technique. The data analysis used frequency distribution and chi-square.Results: The results showed that the family functioning and quality of life of the caregiver had the same results, 50% good and 50% poor. Correlation test in this study showed a negative value with p value > 0.05 (0.480), which indicated that there was no correlation between family functioning and the quality of life of the caregiver.Conclusion: The correlation between family functioning and caregiver's quality of life was not significant. This is likely due to the variable family functioning and the caregiver’s quality of life having balanced results. The results of this study need to be followed up by providing nursing care holistically not only to children, but also to families, especially who are directly involved in child care.
Identification of a 62‐kD Mitotic Apparatus‐Associated Protein from Sea Urchin that Is Important for the Proper Progression of Mitosis a

We have identified a 62-kD protein that is important for the proper progression of mitosis in sea urchin embryos. ’. ’ A novel approach was used to identify this protein. Mitotic apparatuses (MAS) were isolated from sea urchin embryos at metaphase of mitosis, and the MAS were assayed for the presence of a protein kinase(s). Known activators of protein kinases were added to the MA preparations along with y”PATP. Under these conditions, we could assay for the presence of protein kinases and identify MA-associated substrates. We found a Ca’+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase associated with the MA that has as its only endogenous MA-associated substrate a 62-kD protein. ’ Further experiments showed that in vitra phosphorylation of the 62-kD protein correlated directly with the depolymerization of MA microtubules. ‘ Antibodies against the 62-kD protein were raised in a rabbit, and affinity-purified antibodies from the rabbit serum recognized a 62-kD protein in MA preparations and in whole egg homogenates.2 These affinity-purified antibodies were used for microinjection experiments to determine if these antibodies would block mitosis. Results showed that the 62-kD antibodies arrested mitosis in a stage-specific manner. If the antibodies were injected before metaphase, then the embryos arrested at metaphase. However, if antibodies to the 62-kD protein were injected after the onset of anaphase, the embryo proceeded through anaphase divided, and then arrested at mitosis of the next cell division.2 Here we present data that further characterizes the MA-associated Ca*+/calmodulin protein kinase (CaM kinase). Unfortunately, the CaM kinase is present in very small amounts in these MA preparations, and we have been unable to purify the kinase. Furthermore, attempts at obtaining antibodies against Ca”/calmodulin-dependent kinases from mammalian brain to cross-react with proteins in MA prepa-
THE CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF MANET ROUTING PROTOCOLS

In Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANETs) mobile nodes are grouped together by using wireless medium that can fail due to its dynamic infrastructure and mobility. Routing protocols are used to facilitate communication among mobile nodes. To provide communication facility among mobile nodes of network routing protocols are used. The main target of routing protocol is to provide path among nodes that should be correct and efficient. Discovery and maintenance of route should have with minimum bandwidth and overhead. This paper investigates and classify Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV), Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), Multimedia Mobile Wireless network (MMWN), Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) and Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP).
An Introduction of Image Fusion Techniques

Image fusion is the process in which two more images are combined into single image which retain all the important features of original images. With fused image we will be get more information and complete image than any of the input images. This paper presents two approaches for the fusion, namely spatial fusion & transforms fusion and there are techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) which is spatial domain technique and discrete wavelet transform (DWT), stationary wavelet transform (SWT) & discrete cosine transform (DCT) which are transform domain techniques. So, in this paper presents comparison of PCA, DWT & DCT with SWT. Then with Morphological processing. We get comparison with parameter like, spatial frequency (SF), standard derivation (SD), PSNR, NCC, etc. this type of parameters are using for getting high resolution and good quality.
Signed Distance Fields Dynamic Diffuse Global Illumination

Global Illumination (GI) is of utmost importance in the field of photo-realistic rendering. However, its computation has always been very complex, especially diffuse GI. State of the art real-time GI methods have limitations of different nature, such as light leaking, performance issues, special hardware requirements, noise corruption, bounce number limitations, among others. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel approach of computing dynamic diffuse GI with a signed distance fields approximation of the scene and discretizing the space domain of the irradiance function. With this approach, we are able to estimate real-time diffuse GI for dynamic lighting and geometry, without any precomputations and supporting multi-bounce GI, providing good quality lighting and high performance at the same time. Our algorithm is also able to achieve better scalability, and manage both large open scenes and indoor high-detailed scenes without being corrupted by noise.
Spherical functors and the flop-flop autoequivalence

Flops are birational transformations which, conjecturally, induce derived equivalences. In many cases an equivalence can be produced in geometric terms. Namely, as the varieties involved are birational, they map to a common scheme, and the fibre product with respect to these maps gives a Fourier Mukai kernel which often induces the derived equivalence. When this happens, we have a non trivial autoequivalence of either sides of the flop known as the "flop-flop" autoequivalence. We investigate this autoequivalence, and we prove that can be realized as the inverse of a spherical twist around a spherical functor whose source category arises naturally from the geometry. Precisely, we consider the derived category of the fibre product and we prove that a suitable Verdier quotient of this category admits a four periodic SOD inducing the mentioned autoequivalence. This picture also implements a perverse Schober for the flop. To give a feeling of what the source category we found looks like, we study in detail standard flops (both in the local model and in the family version), and Mukai flops. In particular, we show that in these cases the category respects the known decomposition associated to the flop-flop autoequivalence, by which we mean that it is the gluing of (some of the possible) source categories of the single spherical functors. To conclude, we provide further examples of where our construction can be used, such as Grassmannian flops, and the Abuaf flop.