Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Development and Evaluation of a Cumulative Exposure Integration Method Based on Fatigue Failure Theory

Cumulative exposure to physical risk factors has been identified as one of the major contributors to the development of workplace musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Linear integration methods have been widely used to quantify cumulative spinal loading in the workplace. There is a fundamental assumption behind these methods: the impacts of force and time on the cumulative exposure measure are treated equally. However, evidence from cadaver studies on tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and spinal motion segments suggests a fatigue failure process in the development of MSDs. Under fatigue failure theory, the impact of force is exponentially higher than exposure time in the cumulative damage measure. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the linear integration assumption in estimating cumulative damage and to develop and evaluate a novel fatigue failure theory based estimation model for the low back using continuous exposure history. Thirty male college students were recruited to perform eccentric exercises with the elbow flexors of the non-dominant arm under one of three loading conditions (high, medium, and low force) which all have the same area under the loading curve. Create kinase (CK), resting elbow angle and maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) were measured before, immediately after the exercise, and in three follow up days (2, 4, and 8 days after the exercise). The relaxed elbow angle and MIVC were significantly reduced in the high force group compared with the other groups. Create kinase results did not show statistical differences among the groups. The results of this experiment suggest that the linear integration method may underestimate the impact of high force loading in estimating cumulative muscle damage. A fatigue failure based model for estimating low back cumulative damage was developed. In this model, damage for each repetition was estimated using an S-N curve, which was developed based on cadaver study data, and adjusted stress amplitude, which was calculated using rainflow counting and Goodman/Gerber methods. Cumulative damage was estimated by summing the damage from each repetition. Two epidemiology databases that contain exposure data and corresponding health outcomes for the low back were used to evaluate the proposed model. Comparisons with linear and squared integration methods were made. The fatigue failure based model performed best in both databases with the highest odds ratios and the highest number of significant results from the logistic regression tests when compared with the other two methods. These results suggest that MSDs are potentially the result of cumulative trauma. The proposed fatigue failure theory based model’s estimate of cumulative damage was highly associated with negative health outcomes.
Some aspects of quality of ambulance care and completeness of information in the transfer forms of emergency patients who arrived in ambulances at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka

Objective: To describe some aspects of the quality of ambulance care and completeness of information in the transfer forms of emergency patients who arrived in ambulances to the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL). Methods: This was a descriptive study. All ambulances arrived at the NHSL during the study period with an emergency patient were selected (n=409) and from those 250 transfer forms, which could be traced were taken. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for ambulance staff. A Checklist, which has been derived from the standard patent chart, was used to determine the availability of information on transfer forms. Results: Of the 409 ambulances, the patient was accompanied by a doctor in 4% (n=16), a nurse in 4% (n=15) and Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) in 1% (n= 4), and there were 675 miner employees and 409 drivers. Twenty six percent (n= 4) of doctors, 12.5% (n= 2) of nurses, 100% (n=4) of EMTs, 56.9% (n=189) of drivers and 24.3% (n=164) of minor employees had received training in emergency medicine/pre-hospital care. The time interval between receipt of the message and loading the patient to the ambulance was >15 minutes on 19% (n= 75) of the occasions and from the latter time to commencement of the journey was >15 minutes on 7% (n=27) of the occasions. The call number of sending facility 0.4% (n=1) and sending time 33.2% (n=83) were poorly documented. The past surgical histories 20.8% (n=52), chronic diseases 48% (n=120), psychological problems 13.2% (n=33) and allergies 9.2% (n=23) were poorly documented. Details of physical examination fi ndings except cardio-vascular system were not documented in >50% of transfer forms. Medications had been documented fairly (>60%) in most of the transfer forms and however, the procedures (IV fl uids, ECG) were poorly documented (<30%). Conclusion: The completeness of information in the transfer form was not up to standards. This emphasizes for need of well-structured standard transfer form in the country. Research Article Some aspects of quality of ambulance care and completeness of information in the transfer forms of emergency patients who arrived in ambulances at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka Gangadevi Nandasena1 and Chrishantha Abeysena2* 1Medical Offi cer of Health, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka 2Professor, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka *Address for Correspondence: Chrishantha Abeysena, Professor, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, Tel: 0094777591715; Email: chrishanthaabeysena@yahoo.com; chrishantha-abeysena@kln.ac. lk Submitted: 29 October 2018 Approved: 19 November 2018 Published: 20 November 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Abeysena C, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Remedies for arthritis

The present invention, wherein FGF-8 antibody to arthritis preventive or therapeutic agent containing as an active ingredient, cartilage protecting agents, joint destruction inhibitors, synovial arthritis diagnostic medicine containing the growth inhibitor and the anti-FGF-8 antibody as an active ingredient, and use the antibody It provides a determination method of the arthritis.
Diabetic Eye Disease Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Physicians in Nepal

Background: Awareness of diabetic retinopathy amongst general physicians is a major factor for the prevention of diabetes-related ocular complications.They are most often the first line of contact of diabetic patients and their knowledge and attitude are the principal indicators of their level of awareness. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu and is based on a structured questionnaire referring to Diabetic retinopathy formulated on Guideline for Conducting a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Study by information, Education, and Communication expert.The questionnaire comprised of 18 questions and 45 physicians were enrolled. Significant differences and associations were determined by values of P < 0.05. Results: All of the physicians (100%) were aware that diabetes can damage the eye and can cause visual impairment. Most of them agreed that patients with diabetes should be sent for ophthalmic evaluations with majority mandating an immediate evaluation after the diagnosis. The majority (98%) of physicians disagreed that eye examination was required only once the vision was affected. Only 56% of the physicians agreed they routinely perform direct ophthalmoscopy to examine the retina (p 0.551). Among them, nearly half (44%) reported not knowing the importance of dilating the pupil. (p=0.69). Conclusions: The study shows a good level of diabetic retinopathy awareness and knowledge with positive attitudes toward the importance of diabetes care. At the same time, it has found that practice level despite good knowledge and attitude to be below average among the physicians who are managing diabetic patients.
Bream (Abramis brama), a new fish species confirmed in Loch Lomond

Loch Lomond is of national importance. Its range of habitats, diversity of species and rare populations of powan (Coregonus lavaretus) and freshwater feeding river lampreys (Lampetra fluviatilis) warrant high conservation status (Lyle & Maitland, 1994; Maitland et al, 2000). It is also of value for tourism, including sport fisheries for migratory trout (Salmo trutta), salmon (Salmo salar) and pike (Esox lucius), bringing money to the area.
Comparative study of clinical and audiological outcome between anterior tucking and circumferential flap methods of type I tympanoplasty in large central perforation

Background: Tympanoplasty is a common operation performed by otolaryngologists worldwide. During the last 100 years various modifications in this surgical technique have come up because of continued efforts made by otologists all over the world to achieve the best surgical outcome. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the surgical and audiological outcomes of anterior tucking and circumferential flap methods of type 1 tympanoplasty. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized study included 100 patients who presented in the ENT outpatient Department of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute with chronic otitis medialarge central perforation in an inactive stage. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups of 50 cases each. Group A contained 50 patients who underwent Type I tympanoplasty by circumferential flap method, and Group B contained 50 patients who underwent Type I tympanoplasty by anterior tucking method. Patients were followed up at the 3rd month postoperatively by otomicroscopy and pure tone audiometry (PTA), graft uptake and hearing gain were assessed. Results: There was a statistically significant mean hearing gain postoperatively compared to preoperative PTA in both techniques, among the two techniques, there was no statistically significant difference regarding hearing gain and graft uptake. Conclusion: Anterior tucking and circumferential flap methods of type 1 tympanoplasty are good regarding graft placement, graft uptake, and audiological outcome for chronic otitis media with large central perforation, especially with little or no anterior remnant of pars tensa.
Availability and capacity modeling for virtual network functions based on redundancy and rejuvenation supported through live migration

The success of server virtualization and cloud computing led to a subsequent network virtualization requirement, because the flexibility achieved by virtualized hardware resources could be impaired by static network interconnections. Network virtualization refers to the ability to execute virtual instances of routers, switches, and links on top of a physical network substrate. So, multiple virtualized networks can co-exist in a shared network infrastructure. Technologies such as Software-Defined Networks, Network Function Virtualization and Service Function Chaining have been launched to enable the replacement of traditional network hardware appliances by softwarized Virtualized Network Function (VNF)s chains. As a consequence, virtualized networks represent additional obstacles to the provision of high availability services, because it results in more layers of software: the increasing number of software components required to run virtualized systems also increases the number of possible failures. This thesis designed and evaluated a set of stochastic models to improve virtual network functions provision considering metrics of availability and capacity. The models can represent high availability mechanisms, such as redundancy and software rejuvenation, allowing to estimate the behavior of the studied metrics facing these mechanisms. The adopted methodology encompasses the assembling and configuration of high available cloud computing infrastructure. The implemented cloud supports the provision of redundant virtual network functions and service function chains, enabling the measurement of parameter values that were injected in the designed models. In order to show the applicability of proposed solutions, a set of case studies are also presented. The results demonstrate the feasibility in providing high available Virtual Network Functions and Service Function Chains in a cloud infrastructure for the studied scenarios. Such results can be useful for telecommunication providers and operators and their heterogeneous infrastructures.
A study on the live forensic techniques for anomaly detection in user terminals

Digital forensics techniques that have been used to analyze system intrusion incidents traditionally are used to detect anomaly behavior that may occur in the user terminal environment. Particularly, for the method to analyze user terminals, automated live forensics techniques that are used as supporting tool for malicious code (malware) detection. We suggest a way to take advantage of the live forensic techniques for the anomaly detection of malware.
Anatomy of the Human Optic Nerve: Structure and Function

The optic nerve (ON) is constituted by the axons of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). These axons are distributed in an organized pattern from the soma of the RGC to the lateral geniculated nucleus (where most of the neurons synapse). The key points of the ON are the optic nerve head and chiasm. This chapter will include a detailed and updated review of the ON different parts: RGC axons, glial cells, connective tissue of the lamina cribrosa and the septum and the blood vessels derivate from the central retina artery and from the ciliary system. There will be an up-to-date description about the superficial nerve fibre layer, including their organization, and about prelaminar, laminar and retrolaminar regions, emphasizing the axoplasmic flow, glial barriers, biomechanics of the lamina cribrosa and the role of the macro- and microglia in their working.
Digital Fluency in Open, Flexible and Distance Learning

Digital fluency affects us all – as our world becomes more online, our skills to be able to navigate in this world may determine how well we participate, contribute and succeed. In this Editorial we look at the Digital Technologies Hangarau Matihiko Curriculum being introduced to primary and secondary schools in New Zealand and ask what this means for the open, flexible and distance learning sectors. We also celebrate the JOFDL Best Paper Awards for 2018 which were presented at the biennial FLANZ Conference in Palmerston North earlier this year. The Editorial is rounded off with an overview of the articles in this issue.
Anatomia de estpulas e colteres de Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq. (Rubiaceae)

Psychotria carthagenensis (Rubiaceae) is identified by the presence of lanceolate apical stipules. Several Rubiaceae genera have stipules with secretory structures called colleters. Little is known about the structures of stipules and colleters. This work aimed to characterize anatomically the stipules and the colleters of Psychotria carthagenensis from Santa Catarina state (Brazil). Apical shoot stipule samples were collected, fixed, and processed for light and scanning electron microscopy studies. Histochemical tests were made on in vivo material. The bases of stipules are connected and the apices are separate. On the adaxial surface, there are multicellular trichomes and the colleters are found among these. They have a constricted base, pores on the cuticle surface, parenchymatic middle axis surrounded by a layer of palisade-like epidermal cells, in which may have raphides. The colleters secrete a mucilaginous substance that is very important to protect the apical shoot and young leaves.
Oxidant activation of neutrophil collagenase

Oxidant gas exposure leads to lung injury characterized by acute inflammation, connective tissue breakdown and alveolar damage. In an effort to better understand the mechanism for oxidant gas injury human peripheral neutrophils were isolated and incubated with /sup 14/C-proline labelled extracellular matrix. Neutrophils in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) alone (to stimulate the secretion of collagenase from specific granules) had no effect on the matrix. When neutrophils were incubated with PMA and 2 mM p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA), the latter a known activator of collagenase, extensive degradation of the matrix was observed. The generation of the characteristic 3/4- and 1/4-clip fragments of Type I collagen was an indication that the major enzymatic activity operative was collagenase. This was further supported by its requirement for Ca/sup 2 +/ and inhibition of enzymatic activity by EDTA. Further experiments indicated that 10 . mu.M oxidized glutathione could replace APMA in activating the secreted collagenase. Since GSH is thought to be the major physiological antioxidant in the lung, the degradation of connective tissue caused by inflammation from oxidant gas injury may be attributed to the oxidation of GSH to GSSG with resultant activation of neutrophil collagenase.
Paclitaxel Associated Lung Toxicity in a Patient with Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma

Paklitaksel, mikrotübül hiperstabilizasyon yoluyla mitotik duraklamayı başlatan bir anti-kanser ilacı olup hidrofobikliği ve hücresel seçiciliği olmaması nedeniyle yan etkilere neden olmaktadır. Yetmiş bir yaşında erkek hasta göğüs hastalıkları polikliniğine 2 haftadır olan nefes darlığı şikâyeti ile başvurdu. Kasım 2016 ‘da mesane kaynaklı invazif ürotelyal mesane karsinom tanısı alan hasta 2 kür Paklitaksel tedavisi almıştı. Hastanın posteroanterior akciğer grafisinde bilateral periferik infiltrasyonları mevcuttu. Yüksek Rezolüsyonlu Bilgisayarlı Tomografide her iki akciğerde sağda daha belirgin olmak üzere periferalsubplevral interlobüler septal kalınlaşmalar, retiküler dansiteler, buzlu cam yoğunluk alanları, periferal yamasal fokal konsolide alanlar izlendi. Özellikle her iki alt lob posterobazal segmentlerde periferal yerleşimli traksiyon bronşektaziler izlendi. Bronş lavajında; hiperplastik rezerv hücreler, makrofajlar, bakteri kümeleri, PNL izlendi, atipik hücre gözlenmedi. Hastada mevcut bulgularla Paklitaksel toksisitesi düşünüldü, kemoterapisi sonlandırıldı ve metilprednizolon tedavisi başlandı. Metilprednizolon tedavisinin birinci ayında kontrol akciğer grafisinde regresyon izlendi. Paklitaksel’e bağlı akciğer toksisitesisinin nadir görülmesi nedeniyle bu olguyu sunduk.
Disease Progression in HIV-1 and the Role of Polymorphisms in the VPR Gene

Disease progression in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) normally consists of a decline of the host immunity into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); this is a topic of great public health significance with the rapidly increasing prevalence of HIV-1 infected individuals. However 5% of the infected population resist AIDS development and remain asymptomatic. These so called long term non progressors (LTNPs) control the virus and are able to mount an effective immunological response. The role of the HIV accessory gene, Vpr, in differential disease progression is addressed in this study. For this purpose sequences identified from LTNPs and progressors (RP) from the HIV database from Los Alamos National Laboratories were analyzed to find signature polymorphisms in the amino acid sequence of this protein. Several mutations in the coding sequence of Vpr were found to be associated with the LTNPs, in particular, the threonine at position 19 mutated to alanine (T19A) and arginine at position 90 mutated to asparagine (R90N). In contrast the following mutations were found to be associated with RPs, arginine at position 36 mutated to tryptophan (R36W), leucine at position 68 mutated to methionine (L68M), and arginine at position 85 mutated to tyrosine (R85Y). A series of in vitro assays show that mainly the RP-associated mutations exhibit changes in several canonical functions of Vpr, namely, its capacity to oligomerize, localize to the nucleus, and induce G2 cell cycle arrest. However, infecting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with viruses harboring these Vpr mutations demonstrates no difference in the replication capacity of the mutants compared to wild type virus. This study provides a basis to further delineate the mechanisms of Vpr function in disease progression.
Link prediction combining network structure and topic distribution in large-scale directed network

ABSTRACT Link prediction is one of the most important personalized services in social network platforms. The key point is to predict the probability of the existence of a link between two nodes based on various information in the network. This article combines information of the network structure with the user-generated contents. We propose link prediction indices based on both network structure and topic distribution (NSTD). In contrast to previous literatures, this approach makes full use of the network characteristics, such as homophily, transitivity, clustering, and degree heterogeneity. And we combine these characteristics with topic similarity when constructing indices based on both directly and indirectly connected nodes. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the previous methods.
Pooled analysis of two randomized phase III trials (PlanB/SuccessC) comparing six cycles of docetaxel and cyclophosphamide to sequential anthracycline taxane chemotherapy in patients with intermediate and high risk HER2-negative early breast cancer (n=5,923).

522Background: Recent studies draw different conclusions concerning whether omission of anthracyclines (A) in adjuvant chemotherapy for HER2-negative early breast cancer (EBC) may reduce toxicity without compromising efficacy. Methods: The prospectively randomized PlanB and Success C trials compared 6 cycles of docetaxel (D) and cyclophosphamide (C) with either 4 cycles of epirubicin (E) and C, followed by 4 cycles of D (EC-D, PlanB) or 3 cycles of 5-FU, E and C, followed by 3 cycles of D (FEC-D, SuccessC). Disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed using univariable and multivariable Cox models adjusted for hormone receptor status (HRS) and histologic grade (G), age, menopausal status, type of surgery, pT, pN, and histologic type. Results: Overall, 5923 patients with follow-up data were available for this pooled analysis, with 2979 and 2944 patients randomized to A-free and A-containing chemotherapy, respectively. After 62 months median follow-up, DFS of patients receiving A-free vs A-containing chemothera.
A Review on Prognostics and Health Management

Abstract The health management of complex equipment is crucial to ensure the reliability, maintainability and safety of complex equipment. This paper introduces the basic concept and research connotation of prognostics and health management (PHM), analyzes the significance of PHM technology in equipment maintenance. For the fault prediction architecture and method, this paper focuses on the discussion, analysis, and summarizes the current research’s hot spots and existing technical difficulties. Finally, the future research directions are also prospected.