Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Channel characterization of power line communications over in-vehicle wire harness

An accurate model of power line communication (PLC) inside a vehicle is presented with particular focusing on the channel characterization. The electro-geometrical configuration of the power distribution system of the Fiat Panda is considered taking into account the complicated structure of the cable bundles and the frequency characterization of the loads. The transmission line (TL) model is applied considering that the electrical parameters of the cables and the loads are frequency-dependent. The finite element method (FEM) is applied to evaluate the electrical parameters of the cable, while the loads are characterized by measurements. The channel transfer function is evaluated numerically and experimentally showing good agreement each other.
Trabecular Bone Strain Changes Resulting From Partial and Complete Meniscectomy

Previous studies have documented how partial and complete meniscectomy affect articular contact pressure, but changes in load transfer through the complete osteochondral structure of the proximal tibia after partial and complete meniscectomy are not well known. The current study measured trabecular bone strain changes in the medial tibial plateau resulting from partial and complete medial meniscectomy. Midcoronal sections were prepared from knees from cadavers. High quality digital images, made from contact radiographs of loaded samples, were compared with digital images of unloaded samples using in-house software to measure trabecular bone strain. Measurements were made on specimens with an intact medial meniscus, after removal of the inner ⅔ of the meniscus, and after complete meniscectomy. Partial meniscectomy caused minimal increases in trabecular bone strain throughout the proximal tibia. However specimens with complete meniscectomy had significant trabecular bone strain increases. Many patients sustaining meniscus tears are young, therefore, it is important to understand mechanical changes associated with partial meniscectomy. The data suggest partial meniscectomy causes little change in load transfer through the proximal tibia, supporting partial meniscectomy as a good surgical option for patients with meniscus tears.
Investor sentiment, trading behavior and stock returns

ABSTRACT This article examines how investor sentiment and trading behaviour affect asset returns. By analysing the unique stock trading dataset of the Korean market, we find that high investor sentiment induces higher stock market returns. We also find that institutional (individual) trades are positively (negatively) associated with stock returns, suggesting the information superiority (inferiority) of institutional (individual) investors. Investor sentiment generally plays a more important role in explaining stock market returns than investor trading behaviour.
Effect of Mild Acid Treatment on the Survival, Enteropathogenicity, and Protein Production in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important food-borne enteropathogen that encounters various adverse conditions in its native environment or during infection. Effects of mild acid treatment on survival under stress conditions, enteropathogenicity, and protein production in this pathogen were investigated. Logarithmically grown cells, at pH 7.5 shifted to pH 5.0 for 30 min, were more resistant to subsequent acid challenge at pH 4.4. A two-phase adaptive procedure (pH 5.8 for 30 min; pH 5.0 for 30 min) was better than a single-phase procedure for enhancing the acid tolerance of this pathogen. The acid-adapted cells were cross-protected against the challenges of low salinity and thermal inactivation. One-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that proteins with molecular masses of 6.4, 9.0, 13.6, 16.3, 18.9, 22.9, 24.4, 28.3, 33.9, 36.9, 41.2, 47.6, 58.1, 65.6, 80.5, 88.2, and 96.9 kDa were induced or significantly enhanced, while proteins of 25.3, 30.1, 30.7, and 91.7 kDa were significantly inhibited. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that 20 species of proteins were induced or significantly enhanced, while 26 species were inhibited. In assays conducted using the suckling mouse model, enteropathogenicity of the acid-adapted cells was significantly enhanced in terms of intestine/body weight ratio and in vivo recovery of infected cells.
Brain-Computer Interfacing: How to control computers with thoughts

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology aims at providing communication and control facilities to severely paralyzed people. These patients are not able to manipulate objects or communicate their needs, even though their mental capabilities are intact. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals recorded from the scalp can be used to decode wishes and intentions. BCI approaches are based on a variety of strategies to generate control signals. For example, the control signals may be the result of visual or auditive stimulation or of imaginary motor tasks. The control signals are analyzed by a translation algorithm which associates a signal to a command. Thus, BCI provides a communication channel not based on nerves and muscles. This paper describes the BCI systems developed at the Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction of Aalborg University, with special emphasis on strategies based on non-motor imagery tasks.
Independent Population Coding of Speech with Sub-Millisecond Precision

To understand the strategies used by the brain to analyze complex environments, we must first characterize how the features of sensory stimuli are encoded in the spiking of neuronal populations. Characterizing a population code requires identifying the temporal precision of spiking and the extent to which spiking is correlated, both between cells and over time. In this study, we characterize the population code for speech in the gerbil inferior colliculus (IC), the hub of the auditory system where inputs from parallel brainstem pathways are integrated for transmission to the cortex. We find that IC spike trains can carry information about speech with sub-millisecond precision, and, consequently, that the temporal correlations imposed by refractoriness can play a significant role in shaping spike patterns. We also find that, in contrast to most other brain areas, the noise correlations between IC cells are extremely weak, indicating that spiking in the population is conditionally independent. These results demonstrate that the problem of understanding the population coding of speech can be reduced to the problem of understanding the stimulus-driven spiking of individual cells, suggesting that a comprehensive model of the subcortical processing of speech may be attainable in the near future.
Structure, metallurgy, and mechanical properties of a porous tantalum foam.

This study evaluated a porous tantalum biomaterial (Hedrocel) designed to function as a scaffold for osseous ingrowth. Samples were characterized for structure, Vickers microhardness, compressive cantilever bending, and tensile properties, as well as compressive and cantilever bending fatigue. The structure consisted of regularly arranged cells having struts with a vitreous carbon core with layers of CVI deposited crystalline tantalum. Microhardness values ranged from 240-393, compressive strength was 60 +/- 18 MPa, tensile strength was 63 +/- 6 MPa, and bending strength was 110 +/- 14 MPa. The compressive fatigue endurance limit was 23 MPa at 5 x 10(6) cycles with samples exhibiting significant plastic deformation. SEM examination showed cracking at strut junctions 45 degrees to the axis of the applied load. The cantilever bending fatigue endurance limit was 35 MPa at 5 x 10(6) cycles, and SEM examination showed failure due to cracking of the struts on the tension side of the sample. While properties were variable due to morphology, results indicate that the material provides structural support while bone ingrowth is occurring. These findings, coupled with the superior biocompatibility of tantalum, makes the material a candidate for a number of clinical applications and warrants further and continued laboratory and clinical investigation.
The ‘Barefoot Model’ of economic empowerment in rural Rajasthan

ABSTRACT Social and cultural constraints in remote rural areas alienate women and limit their human development. However, there is potential for engagement in educational and economic activities to support their empowerment and the achievement of wider development goals. I discuss the case study of the Barefoot College from India where illiterate women have been involved for over 20 years in training in small-scale solar energy technology solutions. I argue that the participation in the solar program has the potential to support women’s ‘effective’ and ‘transformative’ empowerment, as my sample demonstrates. Through the training, poor women have the opportunity to have an income, learn new skills and foster employment opportunities. The engagement with the organization also supports raising their awareness and enables them to become agents of change. By challenging intra-household dynamics and societal customs, women pursue greater empowerment. Due to its unique model, the training program that started in rural Rajasthan scaled up internationally and has been replicated in several countries in south-east Asia, Africa and Latin America.
Snail Mediates E-Cadherin Repression by the Recruitment of the Sin3A/Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1)/HDAC2 Complex

ABSTRACT The transcription factor Snail has been described as a direct repressor of E-cadherin expression during development and carcinogenesis; however, the specific mechanisms involved in this process remain largely unknown. Here we show that mammalian Snail requires histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity to repress E-cadherin promoter and that treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) is sufficient to block the repressor effect of Snail. Moreover, overexpression of Snail is correlated with deacetylation of histones H3 and H4 at the E-cadherin promoter, and TSA treatment in Snail-expressing cells reverses the acetylation status of histones. Additionally, we demonstrate that Snail interacts in vivo with the E-cadherin promoter and recruits HDAC activity. Most importantly, we demonstrate an interaction between Snail, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2, and the corepressor mSin3A. This interaction is dependent on the SNAG domain of Snail, indicating that the Snail transcription factor mediates the repression by recruitment of chromatin-modifying activities, forming a multimolecular complex to repress E-cadherin expression. Our results establish a direct causal relationship between Snail-dependent repression of E-cadherin and the modification of chromatin at its promoter.
Tuning of Power System Stabilizers using Multiobjective Optimization NSGA II

This article presents the application of the NSGA II genetic algorithm to the tuning parameters of the power system stabilizer. In order to obtain the adjustment needed, three objective functions were proposed to be minimized. Which depend directly on the localization of the real part of eigenvalues of the system under study. By using the search algorithm, a set of feasible solutions are obtained, and then the best is selected according to the parameter combination which satisfy the rigorous criteria related to the dynamic answer of the system. The methodology is applied to two international tests: three machines - nine bus and ten machines -thirty nine bus.
Assembly of tau in transgenic animals expressing P301L tau: alteration of phosphorylation and solubility

Transgenic mice (JNPL3), which develop neurofibrillary degeneration and express four‐repeat human tau with P301L missense mutation, were characterized biochemically to determine whether the development of aggregated tau from soluble tau involves an intermediate stage. Homogenates from mice of different ages were separated into buffer‐soluble (S1), sarkosyl‐ and salt‐extractable (S2) and sarkosyl‐insoluble pellet (P3) fractions, and analyzed for human tau distribution, phosphorylation and filament formation. S1 and S2 fractions contained 50–60‐kDa tau whereas the S2 fraction also had 64‐kDa tau. The level of tau in the P3 fraction increased in an age‐dependent manner and correlated positively with the soluble tau concentration. The P3 fraction from 2.5–6.5‐month‐old mice contained 64‐ and 50–60‐kDa tau, whereas that from 8.5‐month and older transgenic animals contained mostly 64‐kDa and higher molecular weight tau. The S2 and P3 fractions contained comparable amounts of 64‐kDa tau. The 64‐kDa tau was predominantly human, and phosphorylated at multiple sites: Thr181, Ser202/Thr205, Thr212, Thr231, Ser262, Ser396/Ser404, Ser409 and Ser422. Most of these sites were phosphorylated to a lesser extent in S2 than in P3 fractions. Tau polymers were detected in P3 fractions from 3‐month and older female JNPL3 mice, but not in non‐transgenic controls. The results suggest that tau in S2 represents an intermediate from which insoluble tau is derived, and that phosphorylation may play a role in filament formation and/or stabilization.
Problems and Solutions for the Health Insurance System in Australia

The Australian system involves mixed public and private health insurance with private insurance both duplicating and supplementing public insurance. We show that, absent any other interventions, this system leads to implicit transfers of wealth from those most at risk of adverse health to those least at risk. When considered over society as a whole, these transfers are both inequitable and increase the risk faced by individuals and families. We refer to these implicit transfers as anti-insurance. In this respect, the recently introduced rebate on private health insurance can improve welfare by alleviating anti-insurance (although a lump sum rebate would be preferable to the current ad valorem rebate). Nonetheless, we conclude by suggesting that more significant reform of the Australian system is needed, for example by moving to a system of supplementary private health insurance. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: H42, I18.
La macroeconomía -. Una retrospección teorética estilizada

Manuscrito recibido en agosto de 2004; aceptado en febrero de 2005. * Profesor-Investigador de Área de Teoría Económica del Departamento de Economía, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, <lae@xanum.uam. mx>. El autor agradece los comentarios de dos dictaminadores anónimos. 1 Este término aplica a la enorme variedad de modelos IS-LM, siendo uno particularmente aquel que corresponde al de una economía abierta. Por supuesto, tal modelización tiene su propia historia, tal como recientemente han bosquejado Young-Darity (2003). 2 Quirk y Spavosky (1972, p. 9), sugieren que la teoría de equilibrio general walrasiana es un puente entre la microeconomía y la macroeconomía. Explicaciones como estas, tácitamente insinúan que el modelo IS-LM tiene alguna conexión walrasiana. Esta es la misma idea que Hicks (1981) vierte al sugerir que el modelo IS-LM está enraizado en la teoría del intercambio walrasiano de bienes. A este respecto, existe un debate en torno al artículo de Hicks (1981), el cual se encuentra en el “Symposium: Hicks’ IS-LM Explication” de primavera de 1982 del Journal of Post Keynesian Economics.
‘Articles of Practical Banking Written by Practical Bankers’

This article analyses the reportage of the banking publication Bankers’ Magazine over the duration of the Great Irish Famine (1845–50). It explores attitudes to famine incidence and relief prevalent among Irish and British banking officials, as expounded in the trade publication representing their views. These professionals, employed in branch networks across both Irish and British society, were not political elites or ideologues, but rather saw themselves as ‘practical bankers’. This analysis shows that the Bankers’ Magazine reportage of the famine espoused, albeit in a measured rhetoric, the prevailing economic mindset based on self-reliance and the free market mechanism, while repeatedly acknowledging Irish famine-era suffering and reconciling itself to the expediency of ‘unproductive’ government-funded famine relief efforts. This analysis also shows the Bankers’ Magazine’s famine reportage to have largely been subsumed by its campaign against the Bank Charter Act. More generally, the article argues that the Irish banking system offers a useful, though underutilised, lens through which to view famine-era socio-economic institutional workings and public opinion.
Central ablation depth and postoperative refraction in excimer laser myopic correction measured with ultrasound, Scheimpflug, and optical coherence pachymetry.

PURPOSE To compare measurements of ultrasound, Scheimpflug, and optical coherence pachymetric techniques to describe ablated depth after myopic astigmatic corneal laser refractive surgery and achieved refractive correction. METHODS Ninety-six myopic astigmatism treatments using LASIK or LASEK in 58 patients with 3-month followup were retrospectively analyzed. In all cases, standard examinations, pre-/postoperative corneal topography, ocular aberrometry, and pachymetry were performed. SCHWIND Custom Ablation Manager (CAM) software and the ESIRIS laser were used for planning treatments and performing ablations. Outcomes were evaluated in terms of predictability, safety, and wavefront aberration. Pachymetry was taken before treatment (ultrasound [DGH Pachette 2], Scheimpflug [Oculus Pentacam HR], and optical coherence pachymetry [OCP] [Heidelberg-Engineering OCP]), after lifting the flap (Pachette 2, OCP), immediately after finishing ablation (Pachette 2, OCP), and at 3-month follow-up (Pachette 2, Pentacam HR). RESULTS At 3 months, 87 (91%) of eyes achieved 20/20 UCVA, and 89 (93%) of eyes were within +/-0.50 diopters (D). Postoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction was -0.15 +/- 0.30 D. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved in 30 (31%) of eyes. Differential pachymetry correlated to intended central ablation depth for all techniques: r2 = 0.60, P < . 0001, slope 0.81 for ultrasound; r2 = 0.75, P < . 0001, slope 0.97 for Scheimpflug; and r2 = 0.76, P < . 0001, slope 1.03 for OCR Relative differential pachymetry correlated only marginally to achieved refractive correction for ultrasound and OCP. CONCLUSIONS Differential pachymetry is a metric useful for describing intended central ablation depth but not for achieved refractive correction. The rotating Scheimpflug technique offers the best estimation (closest slope to 1) and OCP offers the best correlation (closest r2 to 1) for describing intended central ablation depth achieved. The three techniques give different measurements for ablation depth, with OCP being substantially different from ultrasound and Scheimpflug. Only borderline correlations were obtained for achieved refractive correction with ultrasound and OCP.
Real-time object detection and tracking

Real-time object detection and tracking is a vast, vibrant yet inconclusive and complex area of computer vision. Due to its increased utilization in surveillance, tracking system used in security and many others applications have propelled researchers to continuously devise more efficient and competitive algorithms. However, problems emerge in implementing object detection and tracking in real-time; such as tracking under dynamic environment, expensive computation to fit the real-time performance, or multi-camera multi-objects tracking make this task strenuously difficult. Though, many methods and techniques have been developed, but in this literature review we have discussed some famous and basic methods of object detection and tracking. In the end we have also given their general applications and results.
Implications of New Keynesian Theory for Benchmarking of Monetary Efficiency

Relative to free floating exchange rate regimes, I find the adoption of a hybrid exchange rate regime induces alternate monetary policy responses within the context of new Keynesian theory. Specifically, while the efficiency with which an economy is managed can be derived from comparisons of effects of inflation or balance of payments on exchange rates within a cross-section of countries that run free floating exchange rate regimes, this is not the case within a cross-section of countries that operate hybrid exchange rate regimes. In countries that operate hybrid exchange rate regimes, the efficiency with which an economy is managed is derived from comparisons of the effects of exchange rates on inflation or balance of payments situations. In so far as measurement of economic distortions are concerned, while relations between deposit or lending interest rates and inflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into countries with hybrid exchange rate regimes yield insights into the extent to which inflows of foreign capital induce distortionary effects on price equilibriums, these relations do not yield similar insights within a cross-section of countries that run free floating exchange rate regimes. These findings, generated within the context of new Keynesian theory, identify theoretically appropriate differences in benchmarking of economic efficiency conditional on differences in exchange rate regimes.
Connectivity-based parcellation of putamen using resting state fMRI data

In this paper, we present a novel framework for parcellation of a brain region into functional sub-regions based on connectivity patterns between brain regions. The proposed method takes the prior neurological information into consideration and aims at finding spatially continuous and functionally consistent sub-regions in a given brain area. The proposed framework relies on 1) a sparse spatially regularized fused lasso regression model for encouraging spatially and functionally adjacent voxels to share similar regression coefficients despite of spatial noise; 2) an iterative voxels (groups) merging and adaptive parameter tuning process; and 3) a Graph-Cut optimization algorithm for assigning overlapped voxels into separate sub-regions. With spatial information incorporated, spatially continuous and functionally consistent sub-regions could be obtained and further used for subsequent brain connectivity analysis.
You Get What You Give: Understanding Reply Reciprocity and Social Capital in Online Health Support Forums

Adopting a social network analysis approach, the present study examined social capital and network dynamics of online support seeking and support provision in a depression forum. We constructed a depression forum network by mapping out all of the users and the reply ties among them. The findings showed a consistently reciprocal pattern between users’ replies sent to others and replies received from others. Forum users’ bridging social capital was positively associated with the source diversity of their received replies and negatively associated with the average length of their received replies. Furthermore, forum users’ bonding social capital was positively associated with the average length of their received replies and negatively associated with the source diversity of their received replies.
Urban Area Detection for Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Image

Polarimetric scattering feature parameters are significant for target interpretation in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images. To improve the polarimetric scattering similarity parameters (PSS), an enhanced polarimetric similarity parameter (EPS) is proposed in this paper. Besides emphasizing some scattering mechanisms, this novel parameter improves the contrast between one certain scattering type and other scattering types. Furthermore, by employing the sparsity feature of the enhanced span image, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is modified to realize the urban area detection for PolSAR images. The effectiveness of this proposal is verified by real data experiments.