Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Diabetes on Bone Formation and Bone Resorption

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of heat or cold stresses on bone formation and bone resorption in diabetic rats. The study included two experiments. The first experiment in summer season include 60 adult male albino rats with an average live body weight 100±10g. Rats were distributed into 4 groups (15 rats each). Group (1) control (2) Aloxan diabetic under Rome condition (3) normal rats under heat stress (the Temperature in open area and relative humidity were 40.40 ±4.63 C and 50.65 ±10.86 % respectively) (4) Aloxan diabetic rats under heat stress. The second experiment in winter season included 60 adult male albino rats with an average live body weight 100±10g. Rats were distributed into 4 groups (15 rats each). Group (1) control (2) Aloxan diabetic under Rome condition (3) normal rats under cold stress (the Temperature in open area and relative humidity were 09.44±4.28 C and 55.95 ±9.92 % respectively) (4) Aloxan diabetic rats under cold stress. Blood sample were collected after 3, 6 and 9 weeks from the start of the experiment and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min to obtained serum. Results show that serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), Alkaline phosphatases (ALP), Alanine transaminase (ALT), and Aspartate transaminase (AST) activities were significantly increased in diabetic rats than normal rats. Serum T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine) were significantly decreased in diabetic rats than normal rats. Serum glucose and creatinine levels were significantly increased in diabetic rats than normal rats.
A two switch topology with interleaved buck-boost converter for low stress PFC applications

When the universal-input applications are dealt with the power-factor-correction (PFC), there is always the problem of higher switch voltage stresses and higher inductor conduction losses. The paper has a topology namely buck-interleaved buck-boost (BuIBB) converter has lower switch voltage stresses and lower inductor conduction losses compared to other single-switch or two-switch converter topologies. In the paper, the analysis of the converter operation, component stresses and the total root-mean-square (RMS) currents is shown.
Pancytopenia due to bone marrow necrosis in acute myelogenous leukemia: Role of reactive CD8 cells

Bone marrow necrosis is a rare clinical condition often associated with hematological malignancy. The mechanism by which malignant disease causes marrow necrosis is unknown. We present a case of a patient with newly diagnosed pancytopenia with bone marrow biopsy evidence of extensive marrow necrosis. Upon further work‐up utilizing Tc bone scan directed bone marrow biopsy, a massive CD8+ T cell marrow infiltrate was discovered engulfing AML‐M2 blasts. The role of Tc bone scans in the work‐up of bone marrow necrosis as well as the potential mechanism of AML‐M2 induced marrow necrosis in the setting of reactive CD8+ T cell infiltration is discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 59:74– 78, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance analysis of combined convolutional coding and space-time block coding with antenna selection

In this paper, we present a comprehensive performance analysis of combined convolutional coding and space-time block coding with receive antenna selection. In our analysis we assume that the receiver uses only L out of the available M receive antennas, where, typically, L /spl les/ M. The selected antennas are those that maximize the instantaneous received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We derive explicit upper bounds on the bit error rate (BER) performance of the above concatenation scheme for any N, M and L, where N denotes the number of transmit antennas. We show that the diversity order, with antenna selection, is maintained as the same as that of the full complexity system, whereas the deterioration in SNR is upper bounded by 10log/sub 10/(M/L) dB. We also derive two tighter upper bound on the BER for generalized orthogonal STBC and the Alamouti scheme when L = 1. Finally, we present simulation results that validate our analysis.
The strong solution of the Monge-Ampère equation on Wiener space for general log-concave measures

In this work we prove that the unique 1-convex solution of the MongeKantorovitch measure transportation problem between the Wiener measure and a target measure which has an H-log-concave density, in the sense of [9], w.r. to the Wiener measure is also the strong solution of the MongeAmpère equation in the frame of infinite dimensional Fréchet spaces. We further enhance the polar factorization results of the mappings which transform a spread measure to another one in terms of the measure transportation of Monge-Kantorovitch and clarify the relation between this concept and the Itô-solutions of the Monge-Ampère equation.
Large‐scale identification of proteins in human salivary proteome by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry

Human saliva contains a large number of proteins and peptides (salivary proteome) that help maintain homeostasis in the oral cavity. Global analysis of human salivary proteome is important for understanding oral health and disease pathogenesis. In this study, large‐scale identification of salivary proteins was demonstrated by using shotgun proteomics and two‐dimensinal gel electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (2‐DE‐MS). For the shotgun approach, whole saliva proteins were prefractionated according to molecular weight. The smallest fraction, presumably containing salivary peptides, was directly separated by capillary liquid chromatography (LC). However, the large protein fractions were digested into peptides for subsequent LC separation. Separated peptides were analyzed by on‐line electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using a quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometer, and the obtained spectra were automatically processed to search human protein sequence database for protein identification. Additionally, 2‐DE was used to map out the proteins in whole saliva. Protein spots 105 in number were excised and in‐gel digested; and the resulting peptide fragments were measured by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry and sequenced by LC‐MS/MS for protein identification. In total, we cataloged 309 proteins from human whole saliva by using these two proteomic approaches.
Applications of Negotiation Theory to Water Issues

The purpose of the paper is to review the applications of non-cooperative bargaining theory to water related issues � which fall in the category of formal models of negotiation. The ultimate aim is that of, on the one hand, identify the conditions under which agreements are likely to emerge, and their characteristics; and, on the other hand, to support policy makers in devising the �rules of the game� that could help obtain a desired result. Despite the fact that allocation of natural resources, especially of trans-boundary nature, has all the characteristics of a negotiation problem, there are not many applications of formal negotiation theory to the issue. Therefore, this paper first discusses the noncooperative bargaining models applied to water allocation problems found in the literature. Particular attention will be given to those directly modelling the process of negotiation, although some attempts at finding strategies to maintain the efficient allocation solution will also be illustrated. In addition, this paper will focus on Negotiation Support Systems (NSS), developed to support the process of negotiation. This field of research is still relatively new, however, and NSS have not yet found much use in real life negotiation. The paper will conclude by highlighting the key remaining gaps in the literature.
Comparison of PEGylated Recombinant Human Acetylcholinesterase and Serum Human Butyrylcholinesterase as Bioscavengers of Organophosphorous Compounds

Comparative protection studies in mice demonstrate that on a mole basis, recombinant human acetylcholinesterase (rHuAChE) confers higher levels of protection than native human butyrylcholinesterase (HuBChE) against organophosphorous (OP) compound intoxication. For example, mice challenged with 2.5 LD 50 of sarin, soman and VX following treatment with equimolar amounts of the two cholinesterases, displayed 80, 100 and 100% survival respectively when pretreatment was carried out with rHuAChE and 0, 20 and 60% survival respectively, when pretreatment was carried out with HuBChE. Kinetic studies and active site titration analyses of the tested OP compounds with AChEs and BChEs from different mammalian species demonstrate that the superior in-vivo efficacy of acetylcholinesterases is in accordance with the higher stereoselectivity of AChE versus BChE towards the toxic enantiomers comprising the racemic mixtures of the various OP agents. In addition, we show that polyethylene glycol conjugated rHuAChE (PEGylated rHuAChE), which is characterized by a significantly extended circulatory residence both in mice and monkeys ( Biochem. J. 357: 795, 2001; Biochem. J. 378: 117, 2004), retains full reactivity towards OP compounds both in-vitro and in-vivo and provides higher level of protection to mice against OP poisoning, as compared to native serum-derived HuBChE. In fact, PEGylated rHuAChE also confers superior prophylactic protection when administered intravenously or intramuscularly over 20 hours before exposure of mice to a lethal dose of VX (1.3-1.5 LD 50 ). These findings, together with the observations that the PEGylated rHuAChE exhibits unaltered biodistribution and high bioavailability, presents a case for utilizing PEGylated rHuAChE as a very efficacious bioscavenger of OP-agents.
Agency Relationships and Monitoring in Electronic Commerce

The expansion of electronic commerce may be expected to lead to an increase in the volume of agency relationships, such as outsourcing or business partnerships. Using agency theory, this paper concentrates on using information technology to monitor the investment committed to these relationships. Agency value (rather than agency cost) is proposed as the appropriate criterion for this monitoring. A taxonomy of monitoring effects on agency relationship is proposed and the benefits of pursuing each of the possible policies in electronic commerce are studied.
Time-resolved europium(III) luminescence excitation spectroscopy: characterization of calcium-binding sites of calmodulin.

Pulsed-dye laser excitation and lifetime spectroscopy of the 7F0----5D0 transition of Eu3+ reveals details of the binding of this ion to the calcium-binding sites of calmodulin (labeled I-IV, starting at the N-terminus). For 10 microM calmodulin Eu3+ binds quantitatively at sites I and II and more weakly at sites III and IV with Kd values of approximately 0.5 microM and 1.0 microM at the latter sites. In D2O solution the time course of luminescence emission of Eu3+-loaded calmodulin can be separated into three exponential components with lifetimes of 2.50 (sites I and II) and 1.70 and 0.63 ms (sites III and IV). This finding permits the time resolution of the excitation spectrum by determination of the amplitudes of the three components as the excitation wavelength is scanned across the spectral profile in 0.1-nm increments. The amplitudes (intensities at time t = O) are plotted as a function of wavelength and the results fitted to three Lorentzian peaks centered at 579.20, 579.40, and 579.32 nm in order of decreasing lifetimes. In H2O solution only two exponential luminescence decay components are resolvable with lifetimes of 0.41 and 0.27 ms, corresponding to sites I and II and sites III and IV, respectively. These results indicate that two water molecules are coordinated to the Eu3+ ions at sites I and II and at either site III or site IV, with three water molecules at the remaining site. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Glutamine as a supplemental treatment in pediatric and adult oncology patients

Introduction: This review summarizes the achievement and role of supplemental therapy in prevention of severe complications following anticancer treatment. Areas covered: A promising supplemental therapy agent in the field is glutamine. Glutamine (Gln) is an amino acid that is produced in physiological conditions in human cells. However, in pathological states, glutamine production is often insufficient. In the clinical setting, glutamine has been shown to decrease metabolic side effects resulting from cancer treatment and to improve patient outcome. In clinical trials, the administration of glutamine was shown to benefit specific groups of patients, including oncology patients. The MEDLINE database PubMed search in English using the key words ‘glutamine supplementation', ‘parenteral and oral glutamine', ‘glutamine in cancer' was performed. Only prospective randomized studies on cancer patients between 2005 and 2011 and ongoing researches from the US National Institute of Health trial database and EU Clinical Trials Register were taken into consideration. Expert opinion: In the opinion of authors, the optimal dose and route of administration of glutamine needs to be determined in future studies. This review provides an overview of the use of glutamine as supplemental therapy in patients with cancer, including its use in pediatric patients.
Outcomes of cochlear implantation in deaf children of deaf parents: comparative study

Abstract Objective: This retrospective study compared the cochlear implantation outcomes of first- and second-generation deaf children. Methods: The study group consisted of seven deaf, cochlear-implanted children with deaf parents. An equal number of deaf children with normal-hearing parents were selected by matched sampling as a reference group. Participants were matched based on onset and severity of deafness, duration of deafness, age at cochlear implantation, duration of cochlear implantation, gender, and cochlear implant model. We used the Persian Auditory Perception Test for the Hearing Impaired, the Speech Intelligibility Rating scale, and the Sentence Imitation Test, in order to measure participants' speech perception, speech production and language development, respectively. Results: Both groups of children showed auditory and speech development. However, the second-generation deaf children (i.e. deaf children of deaf parents) exceeded the cochlear implantation performance of the deaf children with hearing parents. Conclusion: This study confirms that second-generation deaf children exceed deaf children of hearing parents in terms of cochlear implantation performance. Encouraging deaf children to communicate in sign language from a very early age, before cochlear implantation, appears to improve their ability to learn spoken language after cochlear implantation.
The Use of Gene Expression Analysis to Gain Insights into Signaling Mechanisms of Metastatic Medulloblastoma

Metastasis is the leading cause of treatment failure in medulloblastoma. Understanding the genetic regulation of metastasis may aid in the development of novel treatments. We therefore performed in silico analysis of the mRNA expression of 83 medulloblastomas compiled from two independent microarray studies by focusing on 135 genes most frequently linked to metastasis in other tumors. We then asked whether expression of these genes correlated with metastasis in the medulloblastoma array data sets. We found the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, early growth response protein 1 and insulin-like growth factor 2 genes as well as several genes associated with MYCC and ERBB2 overexpressed by at least 2-fold in metastatic tumors in both array data sets. We conclude that these genes may interact to promote prometastatic signaling in medulloblastoma.
Vascular viewpoint

Question: To determine by how much statins reduce serum concentrations of low density lipo-protein (LDL) cholesterol according to drug, dose, and duration of treatment. Population: Patients included in randomized, placebo-controlled trials of six statins (atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin). Design and methods: Meta analysis of 164 short-term, randomized trials including 24 000 drug-treated and 14000 placebo-treated patients. Studies were found by searching Medline, the Cochrane Collaboration, Web of Science databases, and BMJ.com. All double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were considered eligible. Excluded trials were those with no placebo group, any which lasted less than 2 weeks, those that used titrated doses, those that used combination drugs to lower cholesterol, crossover trials, or those with chronic renal failure patients. The efficacy of each statin was defined as the reduction of LDL for a given dose of a statin expressed as the change in the treated group minus that in the placebo group. Results: The doses of atorvastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastatin and simvastatin used to lower LDL by an absolute amount of 1.8 mmol=l or 40% are shown in the table. Pravastatin and fluvastatin were a less effective treatment, with maximum doses (80 mg=day) lowering LDL by 1.58 mmol=l and 1.60 mmol=l, respectively. Statins increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 0.07 mmol=l on average with no dose effects observed. For safety outcomes, 1063=14 197 statin patients compared with 923=10 568 control patients reported one or more symptoms possibly associated with the drug. Rhabdomyolysis was observed in eight statin patients compared with five placebo patients. Statin Number of patients studied Dose (mg/day) LDL lowering(mmol/l) Atorvastatin 4268 10 1.80 Fluvastatin* 4729 80 1.58 Lovastatin 10648 40 1.80 Pravastatin* 9856 80 1.60 Rosuvastatin 555 5 1.80 Simvastatin 8839 40 1.80 Conclusion: Statins can lower the LDL cholesterol concentration by an average of 1.8 mmol=l, and the LDL lowering effect varies across statin type and dose: simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin appearing more effective, and fluvastatin and pravastatin appearing less effective.
Secure Multi-party Collaboration Systems in Supply Chain Management

As business expertise becomes more specialized and focused, the business scopes and processes are becoming much larger and complicated. As a result, there are needs for multi-party business entities to collaborate with each other in order to complete a complicated business process in supply chains. In a supply chain, the participant can be collaborators, as well as competitors. As a result, some participants can be very concerned with the privacy of their. In this paper, we will use a real supply chain application to show the demand for secure multi-party collaboration systems.
Effects of Green Tea on Physico-Chemical Properties of Liver Cell Membranes of Rats Intoxicated with Ethanol

Changes in the composition and physicochemical properties of liver cell membranes appearing as the result of ethanol intoxication and the aging process are mainly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS). The destructive action of free radicals can be neutralized by administering antioxidants, especially natural ones like green tea. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to estimate the efficacy of green tea’s influ ence on the physicochemical and biochemical properties of the rat liver as affected by the aging process and/or chronic ethanol intoxication. Several methods were used to evaluate this effect. Qualitative and quantitative composition of phospholipids in the membrane was determined by high Performance liquid Chromatography ( hPl C). The electrophoresis technique was used to determine the surface charge density of the rat liver cell membrane. The process of aging causes a decrease in the total amount of phospholipids, increases lipid peroxidation products and surface charge density of liver cell membrane. The results also demonstrate that ethanol administration provoked increase phospholipid composition, lipid peroxida tion products and surface charge density in liver cell membrane. The ingestion of green tea with ethanol partially prevented these ethanol-induced and/or aging changes. Moreover, long-term drinking of green tea partially prevents changes in structure and function of membrane phospholipids caused by chronic ethanol intoxication.
Quantitative Electrochemical Measurements Using In Situ ec-S/TEM Devices

Abstract Insight into dynamic electrochemical processes can be obtained with in situ electrochemical-scanning/transmission electron microscopy (ec-S/TEM), a technique that utilizes microfluidic electrochemical cells to characterize electrochemical processes with S/TEM imaging, diffraction, or spectroscopy. The microfluidic electrochemical cell is composed of microfabricated devices with glassy carbon and platinum microband electrodes in a three-electrode cell configuration. To establish the validity of this method for quantitative in situ electrochemistry research, cyclic voltammetry (CV), choronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed using a standard one electron transfer redox couple [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−-based electrolyte. Established relationships of the electrode geometry and microfluidic conditions were fitted with CV and chronoamperometic measurements of analyte diffusion coefficients and were found to agree with well-accepted values that are on the order of 10−5 cm2/s. Influence of the electron beam on electrochemical measurements was found to be negligible during CV scans where the current profile varied only within a few nA with the electron beam on and off, which is well within the hysteresis between multiple CV scans. The combination of experimental results provides a validation that quantitative electrochemistry experiments can be performed with these small-scale microfluidic electrochemical cells provided that accurate geometrical electrode configurations, diffusion boundary layers, and microfluidic conditions are accounted for.
Enhancing Education Activities for Health Care Trainees and Professionals Using Audience Response Systems: A Systematic Review

Introduction: This review examines the effect of incorporating clickers within practice-based education sessions on educational outcomes of health care trainees and professionals. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted on primary research studies published up until August 2014. Studies were identified by database searching (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsychInfo), citation searching, and reference list checking. Studies were restricted to those evaluating the use of clickers as part of the provision of postgraduate education or continuing education programs and were evaluated according to Kirkpatrick's four levels of training evaluation (reaction, learning, behavior, and results). Results: Seventeen studies met the eligibility criteria. Twelve studies assessed learner and/or speaker reactions, with feedback overwhelmingly positive in all studies. Reported learner benefits included increased attentiveness, engagement, and enjoyment of presentations. Speakers reported that using clickers engaged the audience and assisted in assessing audience comprehension. Eight studies assessed learning outcomes. Higher level evidence obtained from four randomized studies demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge with the use of clickers compared with traditional didactic presentations, but no differences when clickers were compared with an interactive lecture with integrated questions. No studies adequately assessed higher level educational outcomes (behavior and results). Conclusion: Although the use of clickers improves learning environment and learner satisfaction, the limited high-quality data for improvements in learning and behavior outcomes make it uncertain whether the acceptance and implementation of clickers within routine practice-based education programs are warranted at this stage.