Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toxic epidermal necrolysis in Western Australia

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a severe, life‐threatening illness with up to one‐third mortality. We report a retrospective analysis of all cases treated in Royal Perth Hospital over a 20‐year period from July 1978 to June 1998, by analysis of medical records. A total of 12 patients with an age range of 23–73 years was identified. The female to male ratio was 2:1, with age of onset earlier in females. All cases were associated with medications, most commonly antibiotics, anticonvulsants and allopurinol. The mortality rate was one‐third (four deaths), mostly resulting from cardiorespiratory failure, renal failure and sepsis. Risk factors for death were advanced age and severe underlying disease, including diabetes, alcoholic liver disease, sepsis and malignancy. Among the six patients treated with systemic corticosteroids there was only one death. Treatment with corticosteroids appeared to be beneficial, with such patients having both fewer complications and a lower mortality rate.
Venture capital and new venture growth: A comparative study between India and China

This paper analyzes the background of global venture capital market. Then, a comparative study method is employed to investigate the capital amount, industry distribution, and investment project types, based on the data of venture capital market in China and India from 2001 to 2008 year. Subsequently, this study discusses the similarities and differences of venture capital investment of India and China and proposes the inspiration venture capital market development for entrepreneurship highlights. This study has significant implication for facilitating the growth of new ventures in developing countries.
Longitudinal changes in objectively measured sedentary behaviour and their relationship with adiposity in children and adolescents: systematic review and evidence appraisal

This review aimed to determine longitudinal changes in objectively measured overall sedentary behaviour, and to examine their associations with adiposity in children and adolescents. A search for longitudinal studies was performed using several electronic databases. Of 161 potentially eligible papers, 10 for change in sedentary behaviour and 3 for longitudinal associations with change in adiposity were included. Weighted mean increase in daily sedentary behaviour per year was 5.7% for boys and 5.8% for girls. Only one paper included preschool children, and it showed a decrease in sedentary behaviour. Nine studies were from Western countries. Null associations were reported between sedentary behaviour and adiposity in two studies, the other found that increases in sedentary behaviour were associated with increases in adiposity, but only in those with body mass index above the 50th percentile. There was consistent evidence that sedentary behaviour increases with age in school‐age children and adolescents, by approximately 30 min extra daily sedentary behaviour per year. There was little evidence on the influence of changes in sedentary behaviour on changes in adiposity. There is a need for more longitudinal research, for more evidence from outside the Western world, and for more studies that examine ‘dose‐response’ associations between changes in sedentary behaviour and changes in adiposity.
A Survey of Steganography and Steganalysis Technique in Image, Text, Audio and Video as Cover Carrier

The staggering growth in communication technology and usage of public domain channels (i.e. Internet) has greatly facilitated transfer of data. However, such open communication channels have greater vulnerability to security threats causing unauthorized information access. Traditionally, encryption is used to realize the communication security. However, important information is not protected once decoded. Steganography is the art and science of communicating in a way which hides the existence of the communication. Important information is firstly hidden in a host data, such as digital image, text, video or audio, etc, and then transmitted secretly to the receiver. Steganalysis is another important topic in information hiding which is the art of detecting the presence of steganography. This paper provides a critical review of steganography as well as to analyze the characteristics of various cover media namely image, text, audio and video in respects of the fundamental concepts, the progress of steganographic methods and the development of the corresponding steganalysis schemes
The effects of the ionic environment on the chromatin structures of bacteria.

The aggregation of bacterial chromatin into compact masses under a variety of circumstances (exposure to high salt concentrations, low temperature, ultraviolet irradiation, metabolic inhibitors, and starvation) is a function of the concentration of electrolytes in the environment of the cell. This effect can be prevented or reversed in an environment deficient in salts. The observations indicate that chromatin aggregation is a consequence of interaction of cations (Na+ and K+, in particular) and polymerized desoxyribose nucleic acid, which behaves as an anionic gel. The organisms used (Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Caryophanon latum, a wild yeast, and a Geotrichum sp.) were able to maintain their "normal" configuration of chromatin in salt-deficient media and in media with up to 3% salt as long as their metabolism was intact. Disruption of metabolism by exposure to cold or metabolic inhibitors produced aggregation or dispersion of chromatin according to the ionic environment. Th.
Recollection and familiarity: Examining controversial assumptions and new directions

It is well accepted that recognition memory reflects the contribution of two separable memory retrieval processes, namely recollection and familiarity. However, fundamental questions remain regarding the functional nature and neural substrates of these processes. In this article, we describe a simple quantitative model of recognition memory (i.e., the dual‐process signal detection model) that has been useful in integrating findings from a broad range of cognitive studies, and that is now being applied in a growing number of neuroscientific investigations of memory. The model makes several strong assumptions about the behavioral nature and neural substrates of recollection and familiarity. A review of the literature indicates that these assumptions are generally well supported, but that there are clear boundary conditions in which these assumptions break down. We argue that these findings provide important insights into the operation of the processes underlying recognition. Finally, we consider how the dual‐process approach relates to recent neuroanatomical and computational models and how it might be integrated with recent findings concerning the role of medial temporal lobe regions in other cognitive functions such as novelty detection, perception, implicit memory and short‐term memory. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Texture discrimination in noise using wavelets

In this paper the use of wavelets for classifying noisy textures is presented. The textures are decomposed using wavelets. The coefficients are thresholded based on a residual energy criterion. Restoration involves thresholding the wavelet coefficients only to a level at which the textures can be discriminated. The decomposition and thresholding is stopped when the energy based criterion is satisfied. A classifier is then used to discriminate the textures. Uniform, Gaussian, speckle and salt & pepper noise are added to the textures. Classification and segmentation experiments are conducted on photographic textures and remote sensing images. The algorithm performs well with all the types of noise, upto SNR's as low as 0 dB. The method is adaptive to any type of noise and gives improved performance compared to the available methods for texture discrimination in the presence of noise.
Protein-Protein Interactions That Regulate the Energy Stress Activation of σB in Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT σB is an alternative σ factor that controls the general stress response in Bacillus subtilis. In the absence of stress, σB is negatively regulated by anti-σ factor RsbW. RsbW is also a protein kinase which can phosphorylate RsbV. When cells are stressed, RsbW binds to unphosphorylated RsbV, produced from the phosphorylated form of RsbV by two phosphatases (RsbU and RsbP) which are activated by stress. We now report the values of the Km for ATP and the Ki for ADP of RsbW (0.9 and 0.19 mM, respectively), which reinforce the idea that the kinase activity of RsbW is directly regulated in vivo by the ratio of these nucleotides. RsbW, purified as a dimer, forms complexes with RsbV and σB with different stoichiometries, i.e., RsbW2-RsbV2 and RsbW2-σB1. As determined by surface plasmon resonance, the dissociation constants of the RsbW-RsbV and RsbW-σB interactions were found to be similar (63 and 92 nM, respectively). Nonetheless, an analysis of the complexes by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in competition assays suggested that the affinity of RsbW2 for RsbV is much higher than that for σB. The intracellular concentrations of RsbV, RsbW (as a monomer), and σB measured before stress were similar (1.5, 2.6, and 0.9 μM, respectively). After ethanol stress they all increased. The increase was greatest for RsbV, whose concentration reached 13 μM, while those of RsbW (as a monomer) and σB reached 11.8 and 4.9 μM, respectively. We conclude that the higher affinity of RsbW for RsbV than for σB, rather than a difference in the concentrations of RsbV and σB, is the driving force that is responsible for the switch of RsbW to unphosphorylated RsbV.
Design of Quasi-Elliptic Function Filters with Dual-Passband Responses and Multi-spurious Suppression

This paper presents a design method for quasi- elliptic function filters with dual-passband responses and multi- spurious suppression. The filters are composed of compact miniaturized hairpin resonators in cross-coupled arrangement. The hairpin resonators are of stepped-impedance-resonator (SIR) form. All resonators in a filter have same fundamental and first higher order frequencies centered at the two design passbands, but separate other higher order resonant frequencies. Several filters are fabricated and measured. The results show a good agreement with the simulation.
Phenotypic alterations, clinical impact and therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells in cancer

Introduction: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been characterised in different cancers. They accumulate in peripheral blood and tumour microenvironments where they suppress tumour-specific immune responses, enabling tumours to develop without challenge. This tumour immune evasion represents a major obstacle to successful cancer therapies. Whilst Tregs are generally divided into thymic-derived and peripherally induced, Tregs exhibit a wide spectrum of phenotypes and functional capacity dependent on microenvironment. This phenotypic diversity is also reflected in tumour-infiltrating Treg (TI Treg) populations, which may explain the variable impact of Treg accumulation on prognosis in different cancers. Identifying TI Treg subsets is critical to understand TI Treg biology and for developing effective immunotherapies. Areas covered: This review discusses current and potential markers, and the modulation of these markers in cancer. In addition, we systematically review the clinical impact of Tregs in cancer and their potential as a therapeutic target, with a focus on TI Tregs. Expert opinion: TI Tregs represent dynamic and diverse subsets that are key in promoting tumour progression through their suppressive activities. Targeting specific TI Treg subpopulations and functional TI Treg markers represents a feasible therapeutic strategy that might allow reestablishment of antitumour immune responses without affecting physiological immune regulation.
Moral Reckoning in Nursing

Analysis of qualitative data resulted in an original substantive grounded theory of moral reckoning in nursing, a three-stage process. After a novice period, the nurse experiences a stage of ease in which there is comfort in the workplace and congruence of internal and external values. Unexpectedly, a situational bind occurs in which the nurse’s core beliefs come into irreconcilable conflict with external forces. This compels the nurse into the stage of resolution, in which he or she either gives up or makes a stand. The nurse then moves into the stage of reflection in which he or she lives with the consequences and iteratively examines beliefs, values, and actions. The nurse tries to make sense of experiences through remembering, telling the story, and examining conflicts. This study sets the stage for further investigation of moral distress. The theory of moral reckoning challenges nurses to tell their stories, examine conflicts, and participate as partners in moral decision making.
Electron microscopy of functional ribosome complexes.

Cryoelectron microscopy has made a number of significant contributions to our understanding of the translation process. The method of single-particle reconstruction is particularly well suited for the study of the dynamics of ribosome-ligand interactions. This review follows the events of the functional cycle and discusses the findings in the context provided by the recently published x-ray structures.
Power system stabilizer parameters optimization using genetic algorithm

With ever increasing load and insufficient growth of generation and transmission capacities, the operating constraints of modern integrated power system are increasing. It has led to ever increasing dynamic problems of low frequency oscillations in the system that needs to be detected and damped out quickly and efficiently. In electrical power networks small oscillations appear from time to time. These oscillations concern the quantities determining the equilibrium point of the system, and following which, system stability and system behaviors are influenced. The objective of our study is to check the static stability of the high voltage power to small perturbations of electrical network. In this context, after linearizing the system, power system stabilizer (PSS) has so far been extensively utilized to mitigate these problems. This paper presents a novel and efficient approach for the optimal tuning of power system stabilizer parameters (PSS) using a genetic algorithm (GA) with the eigenvalue-based objective function.the eigenvalue-based objective function.The proposed approach is implemented and examined in a system with a single machine connected to an infinite bus via a transmission line. The results of this technique have been verified by eigenvalue analysis and time-domain simulations. The obtained results were evaluated and compared with ones obtained by ordinary GAs. Eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear system simulations demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach in damping the electromechanical oscillations and enhancing the system dynamic stability.
Simultaneous detection of food pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Enterica, Bacillus cereus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction

The study established a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for simultaneous detection and quantitation of Staphvlococcus aureus, Salmonella Enterica, Bacillus cereus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the same reaction at one time, thus reducing the amounts of reagents and cutting down on the labor and time. Four sets of genetic marker specific primers corresponding to SAOUHSC_02297, imvA, hbl and tlhA gene, and probes were labeled with FAM, HEX, TEXAS RED and Cy5 respectively. Multiplex real-time PCR was carried out with an iQ(superscript TM) Multiplex Powermix Kit (BIO-RAD) Sequence Detection System. The result showed that the correlation coefficient between multiplex real-time PCR estimate s and plate counts of 10-serial dilutions in specific bacteria was above 0.98, independent of 10^(1-4) -fold numbers of three other pathogenic strains. With optimized conditions, the lowest detection concentrations of four pathogens were 10^2.5 CFU/mL for Sta.attreus, S. Enterica and V. parahaemolyticus and 10^3.5 CFU/mL for B. cereus. The duration of the entire experiment from DNA isolation and purification to PCR amplification was less than 12 h.
A new efficient method to calculate spatial Green's functions of filament sources

In this paper a new technique is presented to evaluate efficiently the Green's functions of filament sources radiating over a half-space. The technique is based on the annihilation of the asymptotic and branch-point singular behaviours of the spectral Green's function. The asymptotic and singularity terms are subtracted, then calculated analytically and finally re-added to the remaining integral. The annihilation leads to a very smooth remaining integral that is calculated adaptively by using Gaussian quadratures. In order to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed technique, lossless and lossy half-space media are analyzed and the results are found to agree very well with literature.
Current sources of lead exposure and their relative contributions to the blood lead levels in the general adult population of Northern France: The IMEPOGE Study, 2008–2010

ABSTRACT There is justification for limiting lead (Pb) exposure as much as possible, given its impact on health at low concentrations. Consequently, the aim of this study was to measure blood lead levels (BLL) and examine exposure factors related to BLL variations in the general adult population of northern France, a current and past industrial area. Two thousand inhabitants of northern France, aged between 20 and 59 years, were recruited using the quota method with caution. Blood lead levels were quantified by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and variation factors were studied separately in men and women using multivariate stepwise linear and logistic regression models. The geometric mean of the BLL was 18.8 μg/L (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.3–19.3). Occupational factors affected BLL only in men and represented 14% of total explained variance of BLL. External occupational factors significantly increasing mean levels of BLL were tobacco, consumption of some beverages (wine, coffee, tea, and/or tap water), raw vegetables, housing characteristics (built prior to 1948, Pb piping in the home) and do-it-yourself or leisure activities (paint stripping or rifle shooting). Consumption habits accounted together for 25% and 18% of the total explained variance, respectively, in men and women. Industrial environment did not significantly contribute to BLL variations. Blood lead levels observed in the general population of this industrial part of France did not appear to be excessively elevated compared to values found internationally. Nonetheless, these BLL remain a public health issue in regard to nonthreshold toxicity attributed to Pb.
The neuropsychology of hanging: an historical perspective.

sequent isolated memory defects. Their report is particularly interesting, as hanging is still one of the most common methods of committing suicide. How death occurs during hanging and how, when and why the brain's activity is altered by strangulation, has been the subject of much debate. Medalia et al ignore this literature, and instead incorrectly emphasise in the first sentence of their abstract that "only one report on the neuropsychological sequelae of attempted hanging exists in the English literature". ' In 1983 a report by Mengech2 described "Strangulation as a cause of Korsakoff psychosis". Other English-language reports on the neuropsychological consequences of attempted hanging stem from Whiteley3 and Stengel. ' Furthermore, there is a considerable amount of early German-language literature
A PREALBUMIN ACTIVATOR OF PREKALLIKREIN

Activation of a plasma fraction containing unactivated Hageman factor and prekallikrein followed by chromatography of this fraction on DEAE-cellulose revealed four peaks having bradykinin-generating activity. Peak 1 contained kallikrein; peaks 2–3, 4, and 5 each contained prekallikrein-activating activity. Elution of peaks 2–3, 4, and 5 from disc gels after electrophoresis at pH 9.3 revealed peaks of prekallikrein-activating activity located at 5–8, 11–12, 15–16, and 20–26 mm, each of which was associated with a peak of clot-promoting activity which specifically corrected Hageman factor deficiency. Conversion of peak 2 to peaks 3, 4, and 5 was associated with a progressive decrease in size, increase in net negative charge, increased prekallikrein-activating activity, and decreased ability to correct Hageman factor deficiency. Plasminogen and plasmin were found on a DEAE-cellulose chromatogram of serum overlapping peaks 2 and 3. Incubation of active Hageman factor with streptokinase-activated plasminogen resulted in enhanced ability of the mixture to activate prekallikrein. Assessment of the products of this reaction by disc gel electrophoresis demonstrated the formation of the prealbumin prekallikrein activator corresponding to the major prekallikrein activator generated by contact activation of human plasma. The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin and the subsequent cleavage of Hageman factor by plasmin to form activators of prekallikrein represents one pathway in which coagulation, fibrinolysis, and inflammation are linked.
K-nearest neighbor based methodology for accurate diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death, disability and economic loss throughout the world. Type 2 diabetes is more common (90–95% worldwide) type of diabetes. However, it can be prevented or delayed by taking the right care and interventions which indeed an early diagnosis. There has been much advancement in the field of various machine learning algorithms specifically for medical diagnosis. But due to partially complete medical data sets, accuracy often decreases, results in more number of misclassification that can lead t o harmful complications. An accurate prediction and diagnosis of a disease becomes a challenging research problem for many researchers. Therefore, aimed to improve the diagnosis accuracy we have proposed a new methodology, based on novel preprocessing techniques, and K-nearest neighbor classifier. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is validated with the help of various quantitative metrics and a comparative analysis, with previously reported studies using the same UCI dataset focusing on pima-diabetes disease diagnosis. This is the first work of its kind, where 100% classification accuracy is achieved by feature reduction from eight to two that shows the out performance of the proposed methodology over existing methods.
Identification of crystallin family proteins in vitreous body in rat endotoxin‐induced uveitis: Involvement of crystallin truncation in uveitis pathogenesis

Endotoxin‐induced uveitis (EIU) is an animal model of acute ocular inflammation. To characterize the mechanism of EIU, we analyzed the infiltration of proteins in the vitreous bodies of rats with EIU and normal rats using 2‐DE and micro LC/LC‐MS/MS. Twenty spots were identified in vitreous bodies of rats. Eighteen of these spots were members of the crystallin family. The truncated form of beta A4‐ and beta B2‐crystallin were predominant in normal vitreous bodies, but there were intact form of crystallins in lipopolysaccharide‐injected rats with EIU. These results suggest that crystallin family proteins are the major group of proteins involved in uveitic vitreous and that C‐terminal truncation of beta‐crystallins may play a role in EIU‐related disease progression.