Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Kinetic Correction Coefficient of Fluid Flow Using a Generic Multiple Orifice Physical Scale Model Structure

Problem statement: Diesel particulate filters are fast becoming integral parts of diesel engines, light and heavy duty, due to their potential in the reduction of particulate matter from exhaust gases and their noise muffling property. Consequently, several researchers are developing mathematical models for the study of fluid flow through the filter substrate and in the aiding of filter systems design. Recently, some researchers developed a mathematical model known as the Multiple Orifice Mathematical (MOM) model for determining pressure gradients of gelcast ceramic foams. The MOM model was calibrated using fluid flow data from cellular foam filter structure similar to ceramic foams. However, there was need to improve on the method of calibrating the model. Approach: Following the conceptual model employed in the development of the MOM model, a physical scale model was designed using a CAD package and manufactured for the purpose of measuring pressure drops across the connecting windows of the cells. A new fluid flow rig was also designed from a CAD package and fabricated to adapt to the physical scale model. Applying the conservation theory, the flow rates across the windows were calculated and equated to the flow rate determined from an orifice meter, where the correction coefficients for the calibration of the MOM model were calculated. Results: A number of correction coefficients were calculated from the data collected from the experimental rig. The average correction coefficient which was used for the calibration of the MOM model was found to be 2.24. Conclusion/Recommendations: The result obtained from the new method of model calibration corroborated the value determined by earlier researchers. This new method reduced the computational time of calibrating the MOM model and eliminates the use of graphs and graph fitting. The new fluid flow rig and the physical scale model can be used in the study of fluid flow in other types of filter substrates.
Transforming Growth Factor-Superfamily in Meningiomas : Targets for Novel Therapy in Meningiomas ?

Meningiomas are central nervous system tumors with a high recurrence rate. In the absence of effective chemotherapies, inoperable, recurrent and metastatic tumors remain a therapeutic challenge. Members of the TGF- super-family play an integral role in the development, progression and metastases of many malignancies yet may be underappreciated participants in the biology of meningiomas. This paper reviews the common abnormalities in TGF- or BMP signaling in neoplasias with a focus on meningiomas. Sites of potential targeting for new chemotherapies are also noted.
Note on the use of Camassa-Holm equations for simulation of incompressible fluid turbulence

The aim of this short communication is to briefly introduce the Camassa–Holm equations as a working model for simulation of incompressible fluid turbulence. In particular we discuss its application for turbulent boundary layer flows. This model (and related models) is studied for several years in mathematical community, starting from Leray [23]. It can be understood as a generalization of some classical fluid models (Navier-Stokes equations, Prandtl boundary layer equations), showing some interesting mathematical properties in the analysis of the behavior of it’s solution (e.g. Layton and Lewandowski [22]). It has been found however, that the model predictions can lead to surprising extensions of the use of the model in technical applications, namely in simulating the turbulent fluid flows. This brief paper should be understood as an introductory note to this novel class of models for applied scientists. It gives the overview of the essential model formulations together with the relevant bibliographical summary.
Effects of Lactobacillus-Based Probiotic on Performance, Gut Microflora, Hematology and Intestinal Morphology in Young Broiler Chickens Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of multi-strain probiotic inclusion levels on performance, intestinal morphology, gut microflora and hematological changes in Salmonella typhimurium (ST) infected broiler chickens. A total of 120 day old Ross 308 broiler chickens were distributed into 20 floor pens and reared for 10 days under 5 experimental treatments including a corn-soy basal diet with no probiotic (Control), or 0.5 g (0.05%), 1 g (0.1%), 1.5 g (0.15%) and 2 g (0.2%) probiotic/kg diet. Chickens were infected orally with ST at second day of experiment. Broilers under 0.15% of probiotic had higher body weight gain compared to other treatments. Probiotic supplementation, except at 0.05%, significantly improved feed conversion ratio. The use of 0.1 and 0.15% of probiotic reduced the population of Salmonella in ileum. The lowest heterophil:lymphocyte ratio was observed in 0.15% of probiotic, although 0.1 and 0.2% of probiotic significantly reduced this ratio compared to control group. Adding 0.15% of probiotic to the basal diet increased (P
The information behaviour of consulting engineers in South Africa

Consulting engineers are professionals who are either self-employed or work for a consulting engineering company. They do not all necessarily have formally organised information services, such as libraries, available in their companies to provide in their information needs. The objective is to report on a qualitative study investigating the information behaviour of a small group of self-employed consulting engineers working in Gauteng. A combination of convenience and snowball sampling was used to select the eleven responding consulting engineers for this study. Semi-structured time-line interviews were conducted to collect the data. The gap-metaphor in Dervin's sense-making approach was used to analyse the data. Leckie, Pettigrew and Sylvain's general model of the information-seeking of professionals provided the framework for the study. The results showed that consulting engineers rely heavily on people, personal files and personal knowledge for information. Other frequently used information sources include the Internet, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) sites and digital cameras. Consulting engineers need information from varied sources in the initial stages of a project. Information in the final stages of a project comes from the project itself. In conclusion comments are made on the use of Leckie et al's model and the gap-metaphor in Dervin's sense-making methodology.
Do corporate governance and culture matter in cross-border acquisitions? Some Chinese evidence

The Chinese market for corporate control has recently gained much academic atten- tion. This research constructs a sample of 159 cross-border acquisitions made by 123 Chinese firms between 2010 and 2014 and relates the roles of governance and culture to the wealth effects of mergers. First, the shareholders of Chinese bidders experience gains upon the announcement of overseas mergers. Second, country- and firm-level governance notably affects the cumulative abnormal returns of Chinese acquirers. Lastly, and however, the cultural distance per Hofstede’s (1980) four cultural dimen- sions does not appear to be a significant factor in determining the shareholder wealth of Chinese purchasers.
Locating All Common Subsequences in Two DNA Sequences

Biological sequence comparison is one of the most important and basic problems in computational biology. Due to its high demands for computational power and memory, it is a very challenging task. The well-known algorithm proposed by Smith-Waterman obtains the best local alignments at the expense of very high computing power and huge memory requirements. This paper introduces a new efficient algorithm to locate the longest common subsequences (LCS) in two different DNA sequences. It is based on the convolution between the two DNA sequences: The major sequence is represented in the linked-list X while the minor one is represented in circular linked-list Y. An array of linked lists is established where each linked list is corresponding to an element of the linked-list X and a new node is added to it for each match between the two sequences. If two or more matches in different locations in string Y share the same location in string X, the corresponding nodes will construct a unique linked-list. Accordingly, by the end of processing, we obtain a group of linked-lists containing nodes that reflect all possible matches between the two sequences X and Y. The proposed algorithm has been implemented and tested using C# language. The benchmark test shows very good speedups and indicated that impressive improvements has been achieved.
Heterogeneity in Ability and Inheritance, Disparities, and Development

This paper investigates the impact of income inequality on economic growth. A two-period overlapping generations model is developed where agents are heterogeneous in innate abilities and inheritance. In the first period, they receive their inheritance and their abilities are revealed. There are only two types of abilities: high and low. Individuals decide on their education level, and divide their inheritance between spending on education and saving. In the second period, individuals supply their labor and allocate the labor income and the return to their saving between consumption and bequests to their offsprings. Initial capital stock is owned entirely by the capitalists. In this context, a more equal distribution of income enhances economic growth if the economy is lower than a threshold capital-labor ratio, while income inequality has an insignificant effect above this threshold. The predictions of the model are tested empirically using the Hansen (1999) threshold estimation. The results, using a panel of 70 countries for the period 1971-1999, suggest that there is a statistically significant threshold income per capita, below which the coefficient on the relationship between inequality and economic growth is significantly negative and above which the estimate is not significant.
Characterizing PM2.5 in Hanoi with New High Temporal Resolution Sensor

A year-long observation of PM2.5 concentrations was conducted in Hanoi from July 2016 to June 2017 using newly developed highly sensitive sensors. The hourly concentration data of PM2.5 agreed well with corresponding data obtained with a beta attenuation monitor located 3 km away, with R2 = 0.73. The monthly variation showed that levels of PM2.5 were high during the dry season, particularly in December (median = 62 µg m–3) and low during the rainy season, particularly in June and July (medians = 19 µg m–3). Haze episodes of PM2.5 with levels higher than 100 µg m–3 were observed 13 times during the dry season (October 2016–March 2017). These episodes may be linked to the East Asian winter monsoon, as the daily levels of PM2.5 and CO increased several days after most of the cold surge events. Two events were investigated further at a higher temporal resolution. For both events, peaks of PM2.5 appeared at midnight for some days after a cold surge, while CO levels often increased during rush hours. For the first event, brief peaks of PM2.5 with a high rate of increase (~5 µg m–3 min–1) were observed, highlighting the importance of a high temporal resolution for PM2.5 sensors in assessing health effects. For the second event, a broad peak of PM2.5 with a gradual increase was observed along with high CO levels. This research reveals the characteristics of PM2.5 haze episodes in Hanoi, which should be studied further to effectively manage air pollution.
A Methodology for Evaluating Complex Interactions between Multiple Autonomic Managers

The very success of autonomic systems has inevitably led to situations where multiple autonomic managers need to coexist and/or interact directly or indirectly within the same system. This is evident, for example, in the increasing availability of large datacentres with multiple [heterogeneous] managers which are independently designed. Potentially, problems can arise as a result of conflict-of-interest when these managers (components) interact. There is a growing concern that the lack of support for interoperability will become a break issue for future systems. We present an architecture-based solution to interoperability. Our approach is based on a Trustworthy Autonomic Architecture (different from traditional autonomic computing architecture) that includes mechanisms and instrumentation to explicitly support interoperability and trustworthiness. We posit that interoperability support should be designed in and integral at the architectural level, and not treated as add-ons as it cannot be reliably retro-fitted to systems. In this work-in-progress paper, we analyse the issue of interoperability and present our approach using a datacentre multi-manager scenario.
An improved total and tropospheric NO2 column retrieval for GOME-2

Abstract. An improved algorithm for the retrieval of total and tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) is presented. The refined retrieval will be implemented in a future version of the GOME Data Processor (GDP) as used by the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition and UV Radiation (AC-SAF). The first main improvement is the application of an extended 425–497 nm wavelength fitting window in the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) retrieval of the NO2 slant column density, based on which initial total NO2 columns are computed using stratospheric air mass factors (AMFs). Updated absorption cross sections and a linear offset correction are used for the large fitting window. An improved slit function treatment is applied to compensate for both long-term and in-orbit drift of the GOME-2 slit function. Compared to the current operational (GDP 4.8) dataset, the use of these new features increases the NO2 columns by ∼1–3×1014 molec cm2 and reduces the slant column error by ∼24 %. In addition, the bias between GOME-2A and GOME-2B measurements is largely reduced by adopting a new level 1b data version in the DOAS retrieval. The retrieved NO2 slant columns show good consistency with the Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables (QA4ECV) retrieval with a good overall quality. Second, the STRatospheric Estimation Algorithm from Mainz (STREAM), which was originally developed for the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) instrument, was optimised for GOME-2 measurements to determine the stratospheric NO2 column density. Applied to synthetic GOME-2 data, the estimated stratospheric NO2 columns from STREAM shows good agreement with the a priori truth. An improved latitudinal correction is introduced in STREAM to reduce the biases over the subtropics. Applied to GOME-2 measurements, STREAM largely reduces the overestimation of stratospheric NO2 columns over polluted regions in the GDP 4.8 dataset. Third, the calculation of AMF applies an updated box-air-mass factor (box-AMF) look-up table (LUT) calculated using the latest version 2.7 of the Vector-LInearized Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer (VLIDORT) model with an increased number of reference points and vertical layers, a new GOME-2 surface albedo climatology, and improved a priori NO2 profiles obtained from the TM5-MP chemistry transport model. A large effect (mainly enhancement in summer and reduction in winter) on the retrieved tropospheric NO2 columns by more than 10 % is found over polluted regions. To evaluate the GOME-2 tropospheric NO2 columns, an end-to-end validation is performed using ground-based multiple-axis DOAS (MAXDOAS) measurements. The validation is illustrated for six stations covering urban, suburban, and background situations. Compared to the GDP 4.8 product, the new dataset presents improved agreement with the MAXDOAS measurements for all the stations.
Physical Space Drives Innovation : How the Environment Can Increase an Organization ’ s Productivity , Creativity , and Innovation

The modern corporate world is a globalized one. With increasing levels of outsourcing, offshoring, and importing, organizations competing globally can no longer distinguish themselves solely through efficient performance and low cost (Friedman, 2006). In a 2010 IBM survey of over 1,500 CEOs from various fields and nations, researchers found that the majority of CEOs considered creativity an essential feature of an organization. In fact, 60% of CEOs reported that creativity was the most important leadership quality, a higher level than integrity (52%) and global thinking (35%) (IBM, 2010). Thus, it seems as though the solution for a staggering organization is “innovation. ” However, there is little concurrence on what innovation is. It has been called “fresh thinking,” a “specific instrument,” a “process,” a “new technology,” the “introduction of something new,” or even “significant positive change” (Dance, 2008; Berkun, 2013). Clearly, organizations, academics, and experts are confused. Innovation is a buzzword without meaning. This paper breaks down the concept of innovation and focuses on the situational influences rather than its definition or implementation debate. Part I offers a theoretical approach to innovation and introduces the environment as a modular mediator of innovation. Specific argumentation is provided for the privileging of environment over process. Part II defines the various facets of environment: people, culture, and physical space. Part III presents a few generalized case studies, demonstrating various means of applying this knowledge. While this paper is intended primarily for a non-design audience, I hope to provide a synthesis of knowledge and a language that can appeal and add nuance to the understanding of individuals more familiar with design methodology.
ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL‐SCAVENGING CAPACITY OF BROWN SEAWEED HIMANTHALIA ELONGATA FROM WESTERN COAST OF IRELAND

Water, methanol and mixtures (20–80%) thereof have been used for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Irish brown seaweed Himanthalia elongata for studying its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The 60% methanolic extract exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) the highest value of yield (6.8 ± 0.24%), total phenol (286.0 ± 4.61 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), flavonoid (109.8 ± 2.68 mg quercetin equivalents/g) and condensed tannin content (35.6 ± 1.03 mg catechin equivalents/g). Antimicrobial activity of 60% methanolic extract tested from disc diffusion and broth dilution methods was effective against various food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria studied. The same extract exhibited statistically highest reducing power and antioxidant capacity against DPPH radical, metal ions, lipid peroxides and hydrogen peroxide radicals. The UV-visible spectroscopy showed absorption maxima at 205 and 260 nm and the presence of hydroxyl group (3,431 cm−1) and an aromatic ring (around 1,465, 1,505 and 1,624 cm−1) in Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, suggested the presence of phenolic compounds in the extract. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In recent years, much attention has been focused on the use of natural preservatives to enhance the quality, safety and stability of ready-to-eat food products. These products also undergo gradual changes during storage, due to autoxidation, which releases reactive oxygen species including free radicals into the food. The consumption of seaweed as food and nutraceutical has been well known in the East. Nowadays, increasingly seaweeds are being investigated for the biological activity of their extracts which are finding hundreds of applications in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and food preservatives. The present study demonstrates that H. elongata contains excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties which can provide opportunities for the application of seaweed extract as natural food preservative or nutraceutical for possible application in food and dietary supplemental products for health promotion.
Biotechnology: the role of science and technology upon society

The use of biotechnology techniques in areas of science and technology and the discussion surrounding the impacts that these two fields have, is controversial. The applications of biotechnology have both positive and negative effects upon both humans and plants in the fields of health and crop production. This paper investigated and analyzed the key issues surrounding biotechnology applications for humans, other animals, plants and the environment. We concluded that there is a controversial scenario related to biotechnology applications upon the studied fields. Keywords: biotechnological applications, ethics, review.
Effects of propofol on sympathetic neurotransmission in the isolated rat vas deferens

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of propofol on sympathetic neurotransmission in the isolated rat vas deferens. Propofol (10'5 to 10AM) reversibly reduced the contractile responses induced by exogenously applied noradre­ naline (NA). The contractions evoked in the vas deferens by electrical field stimulation (EFS) did not change by propofol (10'6to 10'5M), but at 70" 4 propofol significantly increased contractu responses of EFS. Mephyramine, atropine, methysergid, indomethacin did not change the contractile responses of propofol to EFS, but this responses to EFS were inhibited by guanethedine. These results suggest that propofol (10 M) facilitates sympathetic neurotransmission in rat vas deferens by inhibiting neuronal uptake of the neurotransmitters in sympathetic nerve endings. On the other hand, effect of propofol (10s to 10'AM) to exogenously applied noradrenaline may be explained by modulation of the postsinaptic effects. [Turk J Med Res 1995, 13(4): 123-126]
Estimating Econometric Models with Fixed Effects

The application of nonlinear fixed effects models in econometrics has often been avoided for two reasons, one methodological, one practical. The methodological question centers on a incidental parametres problem that raises questions about the statistical properties of the estimator. The practical one relates to the difficulty of estimating nonlinear models with possibly thousands of coefficients. This note will demonstrate that the second is in fact, a nonissue, and that in a very large number models of interest to practioners, estimation of the fixed effects model is quite feasible even in panels with huge numbers of groups.
Prediction of two bladed horizontal axis wind turbine acoustics

Sorumlu yazar/Corresponding author: A. Alper Kurultay, Tel: +90 (312) 496 65 42, e-posta: alper_kurultay@hotmail.com, Gonderilme/ Submitted: 22.01. 2016, Kabul/Accepted: 08.04. 2016 ABSTRACT Wind power industry has been a growing market and maturing technology for several decades. Increasing wind power generation necessitates closer installation of wind turbines to people and their residences. For that reason, wind turbine noise becomes a serious and controversial phenomenon and it is anticipated to become more stringent issue while wind power generation is increased recently. The aim of this study was to propose a methodology to predict the wind turbine blade noise by using two dimensional blade section flows and noise analysis/simulation and combining the noise sources to evaluate the total blade noise with reasonable accuracy. Within the scope of this work, the purpose was to perform a two dimensional flow and noise simulation for the two bladed NREL Phase VI wind turbine with the aid of a commercially available Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-FLUENT by using User Defined Functions after applying some corrections under certain assumptions. Analysis results were compared with the 12% scaled model of NREL Phase VI wind turbine acoustic noise measurements conducted in In Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) at the low speed wind tunnel. Blade noise of the measurements were compared with the analysis results at different wind speeds of 5.4 m/s, 7.4 m/s, 12.3 m/s, and 13.3 m/s. For the tip region and inboard area of the blade, reasonable agreement was achieved at certain wind speeds. Additionally, the summation of the contribution from the each blade section was used to predict the total noise emission.