Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control for Water Industry Conference , CCWI 2015 Decision support for the design and operation of water supply systems

Designing and operating water supply systems is a multicriteria task: the energy efficiency shall be minimised while, at the same time, respecting technical requirements, such as balanced operation of available pumps. In this contribution, we present an optimisation and decision support methodology to improve the operation of pumps in the water sector of medium size cities (approximately 100000 inhabitants) in Germany. The emphasis is on the multicriteria nature of the problem. Besides the management of the waterworks system, we consider the goal to assist at the selection of a new pump. We discuss several examples to emphasise the benefits of obeying the rules of multicriteria decision-making and involving the user into the decision process. c © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of CCWI 2015.
Why Do Experiments? [From the Editor]

Paul Erdos (also attributed to Alfréd Rényi) encapsulated part of the academic role in research development with the quote, “A mathematician is a device for turning coffee into theorems. ” It is not exactly the same situation for engineers, but a similar sentiment holds true because the core research is captured in various theorems, algorithms, and system designs that are then codified in papers, theses, and patents. That said, I firmly believe that an academic’s main products are the students: that is, the ones who you have helped train in the art of doing good research and whom are thus well prepared to contribute as researchers in industry, national laboratories, or academia. Although this academic role in research development is relatively clear, after 25 years of work on experimental control systems, I am often asked, “What is an appropriate academic role in experimentation and testing? ” Of course, part of the answer is that hardware testbeds are often exciting and attract attention, and they are thus excellent outreach and recruitment tools. Furthermore, these experiments also tend to provide an overall perspective on the entire automated system, which helps to identify the weakest link in the system that can lead to new, often unexpected research areas (or, as Prof. Robert Cannon at Stanford University often said to me, “One thing leads to another”). However, there are still many good reasons to ask this question because the challenges of building and implementing a good experiment can be quite daunting. For example, although hardware costs are lower than before, experiments are still expensive and time-consuming to assemble (and fix). In addition, a diversity of skills (algorithms, hardware, and software) is required to conduct experiments, and that typically requires a large student group, which is costly and takes considerable effort to run. Furthermore, working with hardware Why Do Experiments?
A Novel Mechanism on Network Selection for Fourth Generation Communication Networks

In a heterogeneous networking environment of Fourth Generation communication technology, there will have a coexistence of different radio access technologies to serve the user. The users will always try to get the best service from the heterogeneous network. So selection of best access network at a particular time will be problematic and challenging. There will be a conflict between the network technologies of a heterogeneous networking system. We have taken into account the influence of some factors on which the selection of best access network will depend. Also, we have tried to solve the network selection problem by using Game theoretical concept. By using the concept of strategy space, quality points and weighting factors in the game theoretical model, a mathematical way for selecting the best network is demonstrated. The paper introduces the concept of optimum network selection mechanism from any number of competing networks. Lastly it is shown that the best connected networking system can always be possible in 4G communication network using this network selection mechanism efficiently.
APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC CONSTRAINT EQUATIONS TO OPEN LOOP CONTROL OF REDUNDANT MANIPULATORS

: This paper presents a novel method for path planning of redundant manipulators. The idea is to use load distribution as an objective function for resolving kinematic redundancy. The method is based on imposing a set of convenient relation among joint torques as dynamic constraints to system. Two algorithms for path planning of redundant manipulators subject to dynamic constraints are proposed. The first algorithm takes advantage of all necessary dynamic constraint equations which can be approximately solved using a pseudo-inverse technique, whereas the second algorithm is based on finding a good starting point with fair load distribution and generate the path by imposing as many dynamic constraint equations as the number of degrees of redundancy. The results for path planning of a 3-DOF planar manipulator using this method are presenteded.
Robust model estimation methods for information retrieval

Information retrieval algorithms attempt to match a user's description of their information need with relevant information in a collection of documents or other data. Applications include Web search engines, filtering and recommendation systems, computer-assisted language tutors, and many others. A key challenge of retrieval algorithms is to perform effective matching when many factors, such as the user's true information need, may be highly uncertain and can only be partially observed via a small number of keywords. This dissertation develops broadly applicable algorithms for measuring and exploiting such uncertainty in retrieval algorithms to make them more effective and reliable. Our contributions include new theoretical models, statistical methods, evaluation techniques, and retrieval algorithms. As an application, we focus on a long-studied approach to improving retrieval matching that adds related terms to a query — a process known as query expansion. Query expansion works well on average, but even state-of-the-art methods are still highly unreliable and can greatly hurt results for individual queries. We show how sensitivity information for an expansion algorithm can be obtained and used to improve its reliability without reducing overall effectiveness. Our approach proceeds in two steps. First, treating the base expansion method as a 'black box', we gather information about how the algorithm's output — a set of expansion terms — changes with perturbations of the initial query and top-ranked documents. This step also results in a set of plausible expansion model candidates. We then introduce a novel risk framework based on convex optimization that prunes and combines these candidates to produce a much more reliable version of the original baseline expansion algorithm. Highlights of our results include: • A new algorithmic framework for estimating more precise query and document models, based on treating queries and document sets as random variables instead of single observations. • The first significant application and analysis of convex optimization methods to query expansion problems in information retrieval. • A new family of statistical similarity measures we call perturbation kernels that are efficient to compute and give context-sensitive word clustering. • The introduction of risk-reward analysis to information retrieval, including tradeoff curves, analysis, and risk measures. • A new general form of query difficulty measure that reflects clustering in the collection as well as the relation between a query and the collection.
A Technique to Simulate Two Quadrant DC Chopper Fed Drives

-This paper proposes as traditional control schemes, open-loop Hysteresis and closed-loop pulse –width-modulation (PWM) have been used for the separately excited motor (SEW) current controller. The Hysteresis controller induces large unpleasant audible noises because it needs to vary the switching frequency to maintain constant Hysteresis current band. In contract, the PWM controller is very quit but difficult to design proper gains and control bandwidth due to the nonlinear nature of the SEM. In this paper, ac small signal modelling technique is proposed for linearization of the SEM model such that a conventional PI controller can be designed accordingly for the PWM current controller. With linearized SEM model, the duty cycle to output transfer function can be derived, and the controller can be design with sufficient stability margins. The proposed PWM controller has been simulated to compare the performance against the conventional Hysteresis controller based system. It was found that through the frequency spectrum analysis, the noise spectra in audible range disappeared with the fixed switching frequency PWM controller, but was pronounced with the conventional Hysteresis controller.
ANALYSIS OF HOLE ARRANGEMENT IN TENSILE PLATE BY MEANS OF THE SADSF METHOD AND FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTIONS

Praca przedstawia wyniki analiz sprężystych MES i szacowania trwałości zmęczeniowej rozciąganej tarczy prostokątnej osłabionej otworami. Odległości pomiędzy otworami wyznaczono metodą SADSF. Rozważono dwa przypadki, gdy otwory są rozłożone w rzędzie prostopadle do kierunku działania obciążenia oraz wzdłuż tego kierunku. Podczas analiz stwierdzono, że najlepsze minimalne odległości pomiędzy otworami w przypadku gdy otwory są rozłożone w płaszczyźnie prostopadłej do kierunku działania obciążenia leżą bardzo blisko wartości otrzymanych przy pomocy metody SADSF. Zmniejszając rozstawy poniżej wymiarów wyznaczonych tą metodą obserwuje się bardzo szybki wzrost współczynnika koncentracji naprężenia i spadek trwałości zmęczeniowej. W drugim przypadku tak wyraźnego efektu nie stwierdzono. W miarę zmniejszania się rozstawu otworów, współczynnik koncentracji stale maleje, a trwałość zmęczeniowa rośnie.
A Grammar of Kwaza

This is a comprehensive description of the Kwaza language of Southern Rondonia, in the Brazilian Amazon. Kwaza is not clearly related to any other known language. Until recently, almost nothing was known about Kwaza and with only 25 remaining speakers this indigenous language is likely to become extinct some time this century. Moreover, the history and the culture of its speakers are otherwise undocumented. The present work is part of an attempt to preserve the Kwaza language. Part I deals with the grammar of Kwaza in detail and gives an overview of its social, cultural and historical context. Part II contains a selection of Kwaza texts with morphological analyses and free translations. Part III is a dictionary of Kwaza, with many examples and an English-Kwaza register.
Metal Doped Green Zeolites for Waste Water Treatment : A Sustainable Remediation Model

Noshabah Tabassum, Uzaira Rafique and Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf 1 Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan. 2 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, P. R. China Water Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, University Malaysia Sabah 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia. ashraf@ums.edu. my*
A multi-channel real-time bioimpedance measurement device for pulse wave analysis ( Preliminary Version )

Pulse wave analysis is an important method used to gather information about the cardiovascular system. Instead of detecting the pulse wave via pressure sensors, bioimpedance measurements can be performed to acquire minuscule changes in conductivity of the tissue, caused by the pulse wave. This work presents a microcontroller based bioimpedance measurement system, which has the capability to acquire impedance measurements from up to four independent channels simultaneously. By combining a problem-specific analog measurement circuit with a 24 bits ADC, the system is capable of acquiring 1000 impedances per second with a signal to noise ratio in a range from 92 dB to 96 dB. For data storage and analysis the digitized data are sent via USB to a host PC. A graphical user interface filters and plots the data of all channels in real-time. The performance of the system regarding measuring constant impedances, as well as impedance changes over time is demonstrated. Two different applications for pulse wave analysis via multi-channel bioimpedance measurements are presented. Additionally, first measurement results from a human subject are shown to demonstrate the system’s applicability of analyzing the pulse wave morphology as well as the aortic pulse wave velocity.
sed and awk

From the Publisher: The book begins with an overview and a tutorial that demonstrate a progression in functionality from grep to sed to awk. sed and awk share a similar command-line syntax, accepting user instructions in the form of a script. Because all three programs use UNIX regular expressions, an entire chapter is devoted to understanding UNIX regular expression syntax. Next, the book describes how to write sed scripts. After getting started by writing a few simple scripts, you'll learn other basic commands that parallel manual editing actions, as well as advanced commands that introduce simple programming constructs. Among the advanced commands are those that manipulate the hold space, a set-aside temporary buffer. The second part of the book has been extensively revised to include POSIX awk as well as coverage of three freely available and three commercial versions of awk. The book introduces the primary features of the awk language and how to write simple scripts. You'll also learn: common programming constructs; how to use awk's built-in functions; how to write user-defined functions; debugging techniques for awk programs; how to develop an application that processes an index, demonstrating much of the power of awk; and FTP and contact information for obtaining various versions of awk. Also included is a miscellany of user-contributed scripts that demonstrate a wide range of sed and awk scripting styles and techniques.
The Pedological Context Modulates the Response of Soil Microbial Communities to Agroecological Management

Conservation agriculture is based on harnessing and optimizing natural ecological processes such as those mediated by the soil microbiota and represents a very promising approach to overcome the limitations of current conventional practices. Agronomic conservation strategies such as increasing plant diversity at field scale and minimizing soil disturbances such as tillage aim at fostering the presence of beneficial microbial communities to support intrinsic agroecosystem functions and reduce the reliance on agrochemicals and mechanical soil management. However, it remains poorly understood how these positive contributions are modulated by the pedological context. Moreover, only few studies have assessed the management-dependent responses of microbial communities in real-life farming systems. Here, in close association with the farmers and under realistic field conditions, we explored the response of bacterial and fungal community structure to conventional and conservation (using agroecological principles) management regimes across two pedological sites (loamy sand and sandy loam) in Belgium. Microbial diversity was assessed using a DNA metabarcoding approach of ribosomal markers with the Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology. Our results show that different management approaches select for distinct soil microbial communities and that these management-related effects were modulated by the pedological context. Therefore, designing new agricultural systems to foster the presence of beneficial organisms and reduce the level of pathogenic organisms should account for variability in the underlying pedological context.
Interactions of Bacteria With Monolithic Lateral Silicon Nanospikes Inside a Microfluidic Channel

This paper presents a new strategy of integrating lateral silicon nanospikes using metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) on the sidewall of micropillars for on-chip bacterial study. Silicon nanospikes have been reported to be able to kill bacteria without using chemicals and offer a new route to kill bacteria and can prevent the overuse of antibiotics to reduce bacteria. We demonstrated a new methodology to fabricate a chip with integrated silicon nanospikes onto the sidewalls of micropillars inside the microfluidic channel and attested its interactions with the representative gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. The results of colony-forming unit (CFU) calculation showed that 80% bacteria lost their viability after passing through the chip. Moreover, the results of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurement indicated that the chip with lateral silicon nanospikes could extract more than two times ATP contents compared with the chip without lateral silicon nanospikes, showing potential for using the chip with lateral silicon nanospikes as a bacterial lysing module.
Immunomodulation in Pediatric Asthma

Childhood asthma is actually defined as a heterogeneous disease, including different clinical variants and partially sharing similar immune mechanisms. Asthma management is mainly focused on maintaining the control of the disease and reducing the risk of adverse outcomes. Most children achieve good control with standard therapies, such as low doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and/or one or more controller. These medications are targeted to suppress bronchial inflammation and to restore airway responsiveness. However, they are not disease-modifying and do not specifically target inflammatory pathways of asthma; in addition, they are not significantly effective in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma. The aim of this review is to update knowledge on current and novel therapeutic options targeted to immunomodulate inflammatory pathways underlying pediatric asthma, with particular reference on biologic therapies.
Summarizing the solution space in tumor phylogeny inference by multiple consensus trees

Abstract Motivation Cancer phylogenies are key to studying tumorigenesis and have clinical implications. Due to the heterogeneous nature of cancer and limitations in current sequencing technology, current cancer phylogeny inference methods identify a large solution space of plausible phylogenies. To facilitate further downstream analyses, methods that accurately summarize such a set T of cancer phylogenies are imperative. However, current summary methods are limited to a single consensus tree or graph and may miss important topological features that are present in different subsets of candidate trees. Results We introduce the Multiple Consensus Tree (MCT) problem to simultaneously cluster T and infer a consensus tree for each cluster. We show that MCT is NP-hard, and present an exact algorithm based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP). In addition, we introduce a heuristic algorithm that efficiently identifies high-quality consensus trees, recovering all optimal solutions identified by the MILP in simulated data at a fraction of the time. We demonstrate the applicability of our methods on both simulated and real data, showing that our approach selects the number of clusters depending on the complexity of the solution space T. Availability and implementation https://github.com/elkebir-group/MCT. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hierarchical problem-solving in software debugging

Debugging is a problem-solving process, where the programmer searches through the code using strategic skills to locate and identify the bug. Two major approaches have been identified in debugging (Yoon and Garcia, 1995): the comprehension approach and the isolation approach. In order to investigate how programmers select and apply the comprehension and isolation approach while locating bugs, we performed an experiment using expert programmers. Our initial analysis shows that experts use hierarchical problem-solving strategies in debugging.
Effects of Whey Protein Injection as a Curing Solution on Chicken Breast Meat

Abstract The quality characteristics and storage stability of chicken breast meat (CBM) was investigated following the injection of whey protein (WP) as a curing ingredient. The moisture content of CBM decreased with increasing concentration of WP. The highest concentration of WP (7%) resulted in the lowest moisture and fat content and the highest protein content of CBM. Injection of WP elevated the pH and water holding capacity (WHC) of CBM. The cooking loss of CBM was significantly decreased with WP injections of 3% and higher. All WP injections increased the L* of the CBM but decreased the a* and b*. WP injection increased the springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness and decreased the hardness of the CBM. WP injection increased 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) after 3 and 7 days of storage. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content of the CBM increased with increased concentrations of WP. The total microbial count (TMC) of CBM injected with WP was higher initially and after 3 days of storage. Our results showed WP injection improved the WHC of CBM but decreased the storage stability by increasing TBARS, VBN and TMC.
Minnow: a principled framework for rapid simulation of dscRNA-seq data at the read level

Abstract Summary With the advancements of high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing protocols, there has been a rapid increase in the tools available to perform an array of analyses on the gene expression data that results from such studies. For example, there exist methods for pseudo-time series analysis, differential cell usage, cell-type detection RNA-velocity in single cells, etc. Most analysis pipelines validate their results using known marker genes (which are not widely available for all types of analysis) and by using simulated data from gene-count-level simulators. Typically, the impact of using different read-alignment or unique molecular identifier (UMI) deduplication methods has not been widely explored. Assessments based on simulation tend to start at the level of assuming a simulated count matrix, ignoring the effect that different approaches for resolving UMI counts from the raw read data may produce. Here, we present minnow, a comprehensive sequence-level droplet-based single-cell RNA-sequencing (dscRNA-seq) experiment simulation framework. Minnow accounts for important sequence-level characteristics of experimental scRNA-seq datasets and models effects such as polymerase chain reaction amplification, cellular barcodes (CB) and UMI selection and sequence fragmentation and sequencing. It also closely matches the gene-level ambiguity characteristics that are observed in real scRNA-seq experiments. Using minnow, we explore the performance of some common processing pipelines to produce gene-by-cell count matrices from droplet-bases scRNA-seq data, demonstrate the effect that realistic levels of gene-level sequence ambiguity can have on accurate quantification and show a typical use-case of minnow in assessing the output generated by different quantification pipelines on the simulated experiment. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.