Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Herpes zoster in HIV patients - correlation with CD4 count

Persons with HIV infection are at risk of developing severe illness from either varicella or zoster. Hence this study is undertaken at department of DVL, Osmania General hospital, Hyderabad from December 2011 to May 2013. to determine the CD4 count of HIV in patients suffering from herpes zoster and to know the clinical and morphological characteristics of herpes zoster over 50 patients. The present study showed that herpes zoster in HIV most commonly occurs in young adults between 2nd to 4th decade with a slight male preponderance. As the CD4 counts decreases, there was more risk of involvement of more the one dermatome and dissemination. Keywords: Herpes zoster, HIV patient, CD4 count.
Impacts of sugar and trans fat overconsumptions on development of polycystic ovary syndrome and female fertility

Achievement of fertility is the expectation and desire of women in reproductive age. However, many women face sub-infertility or infertility. Overconsumption of foods and drinks containing sugar and trans fat are observed to be associated with female infertility. Sugar is commonly added in many sweetened drinks and desserts. Trans fat is ingredients of bakery and processed foods. Overconsumption of sugar and trans fat leading to obesity, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance are known to be risk factors for developing of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and fertility problems among women [1].
Immunolocalization of Tenascin-C, α9 Integrin Subunit, and αvβ6 Integrin During Wound Healing in Human Oral Mucosa

Tenascin-C (TN-C) and its isoforms are multidomain extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that are believed to be involved in the regulation of stromal–epithelial interactions. Some of the interactions between TN-C and cells are mediated by integrins. In this study we analyzed the expression of TN-C and its large molecular weight splice isoform (TN-CL) and the putative TN-C-binding α9 and αvβ6 integrins during human wound repair. In 3-day-old oral mucosal wounds, immunoreactivity for α9 integrin localized abundantly at the migrating basal wound epithelial cells. TN-C and TN-CL were localized in the matrix between and underneath α9-expressing epithelial cells. In parallel with gradual downregulation of α9 integrin immunoreactivity in 7-day and older wounds, the expression of αvβ6 integrin was temporarily induced. Integrin αvβ6 co-localized in the same area as TN-C and TN-CL immunoreactivity at the cell–cell contacts of the basal and suprabasal cell layers of the wound epithelium. During granulation tissue formation and reorganization from 7 to 28 days after wounding, TN-C and TN-CL were abundantly localized in the granulation tissue. The findings show that TN-CL is expressed under the migrating epithelial front and in the granulation tissue during matrix deposition in wound repair. Preferential localization of α9 integrin in migrating epithelial cells and of αvβ6 integrin in epithelium after wound closure suggests different functions for these integrins in wound repair.
Expansion of the Fisheries Management Paradigm to Include Institutional Structure and Function

Abstract The historical development of a fisheries management paradigm from the biological to the bioeconomic approach is traced and the types of research questions motivated by each are identified. A new paradigm is proposed which, in addition to the fish stock and the fishing industry, includes the institutional structure that produces, implements, and enforces management regulations. This broadening allows for questions such as, “Why do we get the types of regulations we do and what can be done to improve things? ” in addition to the standard research question, “What type of regulation will work best, all else being equal? ”
Data Synchronization and Conflict Resolution for Mobile Devices

Proliferation of personal information devices results in a difficulty of maintaining replicated copies of the user data in data stores of the various devices. Data synchronization is an automated action to make the replicated data be consistent with each other and up-to-date. The traditional consistency models and the conflict resolution schemes do not fit to the synchronization of replicated data in the mobile environment due to the lacks of simultaneous update. This paper defines types of data conflict that occurs in synchronization process of replicated data between the multiple client devices and a server along with the resolution rules for each conflict scenario in the recent-data-win policy. These rules have been implemented and verified in a data synchronization server which was developed based on the SyncML specification.
Denoising Multi-Channel Images in Parallel MRI by Low Rank Matrix Decomposition and Bacterial Foraging Algorithm

: Parallel magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as an effective means for high-speed imaging in various applications. The reconstruction of parallel magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) [1] data can be a computationally demanding task. Signal-to-noise ratio is also a concern, especially in high-resolution imaging. We present a patch-wise Denoising method for pMRI by exploiting the rank deficiency of multichannel images. For each processed patch and pixel, similar patches are searched with pixel in spatial domain and throughout all coil elements, and arranged in appropriate matrix forms. Then, noise and aliasing artifacts are removed from the structured matrix by applying sparse and low rank matrix decomposition method with Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFA). The proposed method validates using both phantom and in vivo brain data sets, producing encouraging results. Specifically, the method can effectively remove both noise and residual aliasing artifact from pMRI reconstructed noisy images, and produce higher peak signal noise rate (PSNR) and structural similarity index matrix (SSIM) than other state-of-the-art Denoising methods [3]. The Denoising of pMRI is implemented using Image Processing Toolbox. This work test and found suitable for its purpose. For the implementation of this proposed work we use the Matlab software.
Chapter 3.4 The Concatenation Question

Gene tree discordance is now recognized as a major source of biological heterogeneity. How to deal with this heterogeneity is an unsolved problem, as the accurate inference of individual gene tree topologies is di ! cult. One solution has been to simply concatenate all of the data together, ignoring the underlying heterogeneity. Another approach infers gene tree topologies separately and combines the individual estimates in order to explicitly model this heterogeneity. Here we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches—using the gene trees singly or in concatenation—paying special attention to the sources of variance and implicit assumptions. We make it clear that all methods are likely to have their assumptions violated, though the consequence of these violations di ers in di erent parts of parameter space. The main conclusion of our review is that di erent sources of error are more or less important in di erent settings, such that phylogenetics researchers should be using the methods most appropriate to their problems rather than stick to one dogmatically.
Characteristic of meat colour of different duck populations.

Abstract. Out of 6 conservative flocks (Khaki Campbell – Kh1, Orpington – O1, Miniducks – K2, Polish Pekin – P33, Pekin originated from Danish – P8 and cross-breeds in Pekin type – SB) 60 female ducks were used for comparison (10 ducks in each group). Birds were slaughtered at 7 week of age. The investigation of breast muscles covers: determination of the colour parameters L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness), C (saturation), ho (hue) and ΔE (colour difference), total haem pigments’ content (THP) including myoglobin (Mb), oxymyoglobin (MbO2) and metmyoglobin (MMb) content. Sensory evaluation of raw muscles’ colour intensity in 10 point scale and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of all measured parameters were also performed. Low THP and MbO2 were shown by Kh1 and P33 (THP: 3.79 and 3.74 mg/g, MbO2: 2.32 and 2.46 mg/g respectively). They were also characterized by the highest L* value of the all flocks (45.27 and 44.25 respectively) (P≤0.01, P≤0.05). The Kh1 was evaluated by the sensory panel as the lightest (5.01 conventional units [CU]) (P≤0.01). However P8 and K2 were assessed as darker than Kh1 and P33 (6.12 and 6.22 CU vs. 5.01 and 5.71 CU) (P≤0.01, P≤0.05) and also had significantly higher pigments content (4.48 and 4.57 mg/g respectively) (P≤0.01). Additionally K2 was characterized by the highest MMb content (0.48 mg/g) (P≤0.01), but this value is below the level that makes the colour undesirable. The ΔE values between flocks were in the 1.02–2.86 range. With just few exceptions, flocks with ΔE value higher than 2, differed significantly in pigments content, L* parameter, and sensory panel scores. As regards the obtained results Kh1 and P33 appeared significantly lighter than P8 and K2. Kh1 and P33 had lower pigments content, higher L* value and were assessed by a sensory panel as having lower colour intensity than P8 and K2. PCA analysis confirmed ANOVA results and also indicated large total colour variation of the samples within breeds except of O1 muscles.
Animal Population Regulation by the Genetic Feed-Back Mechanism

That a genetic feed-back mechanism functions to regulate populations of herbivores, parasites, and predators is supported by evidence from the biomathematics of population dynamics and studies of natural populations. The mechanism functions as a feed-back system through the dynamics of density pressure, selective pressure, and genetic changes in interacting populations. In a herbivore-plant system, animal density influences selective pressure on plants; this selection influences genetic make-up of plant; and in turn, the genetic make-up of plant influences animal density. The actions and reactions of interacting populations in the food chain cycling in the genetic feed-back mechanism result in the evolution and regulation of animal populations.
Eﬃcient Reverse Engineering of Automotive Firmware

The ﬁrmware executed by components found in a car provide a starting point for adversaries to obtain conﬁdential information and discover potential vulnerabilities. However, the process of reverse engineering a speciﬁc component is typically considered a complex and time-consuming task. In this paper we discuss several techniques which we used to signiﬁcantly increase the eﬃciency of reverse engineering the ﬁrmware of an instrument cluster. Using this example target, we demonstrate it is fairly easy to implement an emulator which is capable of emulating the target’s ﬁrmware entirely without the need for the original hardware, including many essential components of the target such as the EEPROM, display controller and CAN bus. Our implementation allows standard Linux tooling to be used to send CAN messages to the target. Using this emulator we were able to eﬃciently understand the target’s functionality, recover secrets (e.g. UDS keys) and perform fuzzing to identify vulnerabilities.
Major Histocompatibility Class II Transactivator (CIITA) Mediates Repression of Collagen (COL1A2) Transcription by Interferon γ (IFN-γ)*

Interferon γ (IFN-γ) plays an important role during inflammation by repressing collagen and activating major histocompatibility class II (MHC-II) expression. Activation of MHC-II by IFN-γ requires regulatory factor for X-box 5 (RFX5) complex as well as class II transactivator (CIITA). We have shown that the RFX family binds to the COL1A2 transcription start site (Sengupta, P. K., Fargo, J., and Smith, B. D. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 24926–24937), and the RFX5 complex represses COL1A2 gene expression during IFN-γ response (Xu, Y., Wang, L., Buttice, G., Sengupta, P. K., and Smith, B. D. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 49134–49144). In this report, we demonstrate that CIITA is a key mediator of COL1A2 repression by IFN-γ. IFN-γ up-regulates the expression of CIITA in a time-dependent manner in lung fibroblasts and promotes CIITA protein occupancy on COL1A2 transcription start site in vivo as judged by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. There are coordinate decreases in the occupancy of RNA polymerase II on the collagen transcription start site with increasing CIITA occupancy during IFN-γ treatment. In addition, we are able to specifically knockdown the IFN-γ-stimulated expression of CIITA utilizing short hairpin interference RNA (shRNA) against CIITA. This leads to the alleviation of COL1A2 repression and MHC-II activation by IFN-γ. RFX5 recruits CIITA to the collagen site as evidenced by DNA affinity chromatography. The presence of RFX5 complex proteins enhances the collagen repression by CIITA reaching levels occurring during IFN-γ treatment. Co-expression of CIITA with deletion mutations and collagen promoter constructs demonstrates that CIITA represses collagen promoter mainly through its N-terminal region including the acidic domain and the proline/serine/threonine domain. Our data suggest that CIITA is a crucial member of a repressor complex responsible for mediating COL1A2 transcription repression by IFN-γ.
Developmental Competence of Buffalo Oocytes Cultured Under Different Oxygen Tensions after Selection with Brilliant Cresyl Blue

The aim of this investigation was to follow up in vitro preimplantation development of buffalo cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) after BCB test and followed by in vitro maturation under two different levels of oxygen tension. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (n=1045) were selected with BCB staining (oocytes with any degree of blue color in cytoplasm was defined as BCB+, oocytes without any degree of blue color in cytoplasm was defined as BCB-) in addition to a third control group. The previous experimental groups (BCB+, BCB-, control) were matured in vitro under low (5%) and high oxygen tension (20%), followed by in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture of presumptive zygotes. There were no differences (P ≤ 0.05) in cleavage, morula and transferable embryos rates among BCB+, BCBand control group. However, blastocyst rate was greater significantly in control group (14.4 ± 2.0) than BCBCOCs (8.4 ± 1.9). According to the oxygen tension effect, the rate of morula and transferable embryos was increased (P ≤ 0.05) in buffalo COCs developed under low oxygen tension (11.6 ± 1.4 and 23.8 ± 1.9) compared to high oxygen tension group (7.4 ± 1.4 and 17.9 ± 2.1). In addition, cleavage, morula, blastocyst and transferable embryos rates were greater in BCB+ under low (43.6 ± 3.9, 14.9 ± 2.5, 14.1 ± 2.9 and 28.4 ± 3.6) than high oxygen tension group (33.5 ± 3.9, 7.1 ± 2.5, 11.6 ± 2.9 and 18.8 ± 3.6) which may reflect enhanced biological processes controlling early development. Moreover, blastocyst rate was significantly higher in control group cultured under high (12.0 ± 2.9) and low (16.9 ± 2.8) oxygen level than their counterparts of BCBgroup (9.3 ± 2.9 and 7.6 ± 2.6, respectively). In conclusion, there was no differences in embryo development between BCB+ and BCB-, COCs; therefore, oocyte selection based on BCB staining is not an effective tool to select developmental competent buffalo COCs. Buffalo morula and transferable embryos prefer low oxygen tension for early development, which should be applied during in vitro embryo production of this species.
Relationship of personality characteristics and eating attitude with the success of bariatric surgery

Background: Obesity is a chronic disease that causes several medical and psychiatric complications. There are plenty of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies for obesity treatment. Bariatric surgery is one of the most efficient nonpharmacological treatment for morbid obesity; however, several psychological factors affect the success of bariatric surgery. This study aims to evaluate personality characteristics and eating attitude relationship with the success of bariatric surgery. Methods: This study was carried out on 75 patients with obesity who were candidates of bariatric surgery in the obesity clinic of Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital in Tehran. The patients were asked to fill the TCI and EAT-26 questionnaires before and after the surgery. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS-23 applying T-test, Mann-Whitney tests and Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Seventy-five patients, including 13 men and 62 women, were assessed through this study. The mean of the BMI of the participants was 44.7 prior to the surgery and 30 after the operation. Personality characteristics and eating attitudes had no significant relationship with the success of bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Although the eating attitude and personal characteristics of the bariatric surgery candidates before the surgery was not related to the outcome of the surgery, they should be considered in post-operational psychological assessments.
An Introductory Visualization Aid for Cybersecurity Education

— As the technology keeps overgrowing, the Internet surﬁng becomes more popular. As a consequence, users tend to use it for social media, shopping, banking or any other online services in which they need to put their personal information. These online activities attract malicious computer users to apply cyberattack techniques to steal other users information. The users become attack victims due to limited understanding of cyberattacks and safety practices. In this paper, we propose a framework development for interactive and engaging cybersecurity education. With the help of the framework, the users will be able to learn different types of cyberattacks and defenses along with the safe cybersecurity practices. We also discuss the current state of the framework and conclude the paper with discussion on limitations and future work. 1
Multi Regional Input Output modelling as a tool for sustainable decision-making

The globalization and the specialization of economic actors increase the length and complexity of industrial supply chains. The multiplication of interdependencies throughout the world economy triggers substantial challenges for decision makers: they increase the vulnerability to shockwaves throughout supply networks and blur the allocation of responsibilities for social and environmental externalities. Multi Regional Input Output modelling provides a complete and systemic overview of the interlinkages throughout the world economy. This thesis highlights how this framework offers a privileged approach to address sustainability related challenges. By their mathematical properties, Input Output tables permit allocating the externalities throughout supply chains. The development of an operational tool for PwC France underlines that this approach already fills some operational needs. Moreover, the design of a new analytical method underlines the potential for Input Output modelling to support the development of prospective scenarios for the world economy. Therefore, Multi Regional Input Output modelling already offers relevant applications to business concerns and show a substantial the room of improvement for supporting sustainable decision making.
The volatile components of wild ginger (Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf) B.l Burtt)

Volatile components were isolated from the matrix of fresh and roasted samples of wild ginger (Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf) B.L Burtt) by solvent extraction and vacuum distilled. Quantitative determination of the volatiles in the distillate was done by GC-FID and organoleptic examination by GC-olfactometry. The sesquiterpenes were the major components of fresh wild ginger having a weight percent of 70 as against the monoterpene percentage of 3.5 and diterpene percentage of 25. The distillates obtained contained no ditepenes, while the monoterpene percentage increased to 72 in the fresh sample and 49 in the roasted sample. The sesquiterpene weight percent of the distillates decreased to 16 in the fresh sample and 27 in the roasted sample. Methyl-2-/-3-methyl butanoates, propyl-2-methylbutanoate, β-phellandrene, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, methional, furanodiene and curzerenone were odorants important for the flavour of the fresh sample having the higher FD-factors. Curzerenone and furanodiene were characterised by NMR and GCMS after isolation from the crude solvent extract. 2-Acetylthiophene together with these eight odorants was strongly involved in the characteristic pleasant flavour of the roasted spice. The lowest odour threshold value of curzerenone detected was 0.8 to 1.69 µg/Lair. Key words: Siphonochilus aethiopicus, flavour, terpenes, curzerenone.
Role of Oxidation-Dependent CaMKII Activation in the Genesis of Abnormal Action Potentials in Atrial Cardiomyocytes: A Simulation Study

Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia with an increasing incidence rate. Particularly for the aging population, understanding the underlying mechanisms of atrial arrhythmia is important in designing clinical treatment. Recently, experiments have shown that atrial arrhythmia is associated with oxidative stress. In this study, an atrial cell model including oxidative-dependent Ca2+/calmodulin- (CaM-) dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation was developed to explore the intrinsic mechanisms of atrial arrhythmia induced by oxidative stress. The simulation results showed that oxidative stress caused early afterdepolarizations (EADs) of action potentials by altering the dynamics of transmembrane currents and intracellular calcium cycling. Oxidative stress gradually elevated the concentration of calcium ions in the cytoplasm by enhancing the L-type Ca2+ current and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium release. Owing to increased intracellular calcium concentration, the inward Na+/Ca2+ exchange current was elevated which slowed down the repolarization of the action potential. Thus, the action potential was prolonged and the L-type Ca2+ current was reactivated, resulting in the genesis of EAD. Furthermore, based on the atrial single-cell model, a two-dimensional (2D) ideal tissue model was developed to explore the effect of oxidative stress on the electrical excitation wave conduction in 2D tissue. Simulation results demonstrated that, under oxidative stress conditions, EAD hindered the conduction of electrical excitation and caused an unstable spiral wave, which could disrupt normal cardiac rhythm and cause atrial arrhythmia. This study showed the effects of excess reactive oxygen species on calcium cycling and action potential in atrial myocytes and provided insights regarding atrial arrhythmia induced by oxidative stress.