Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Das Erleben der Diagnose beim Mammakarzinom

Die Diagnose Mammakarzinom ist fur jede Frau eine schreckliche Erfahrung. Die Krankheit hat Einfluss auf das soziale Umfeld der Frauen und erschuttert die Grundfesten der Betroffenen und erfasst sie in ihrer Gesamtheit. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit leistet einen spezifischen Beitrag fur eine empathische Diagnosevermittlung beim Mammakarzinom. Fur diese Diplomarbeit wurde ein qualitativer Forschungsansatz gewahlt. Ziel ist die ganzheitliche Darstellung der Betroffenenperspektive von Frauen mit einem Mammakarzinom. Aus diesem Grund wurde das narrative Interview angewendet. Die Fragestellung zielt auf die Erforschung des Erlebens der Diagnose beim Mammakarzinom ab. Es wurden acht Frauen interviewt, die zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung in den letzten sechs Monaten an einem Mammakarzinom erkrankt waren. Die offenen Fragen wurden in Anlehnung an die Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet. Dabei wurden die wesentlichen Inhalte der Interviews generalisiert und nach erneuter Reflexion in Kategorien zusammengefasst. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse sind dahingehend zu interpretieren, dass die Frauen durch ihre Vorahnung gewusst haben, dass sie Brustkrebs hatten. Die Art und Weise, wie die Diagnose ubermittelt wurde, war fur die Frauen von Bedeutung. Trotzdem war die Diagnose Brustkrebs ein Schock, jedoch keine Uberraschung. Es bedurfte nicht vieler Worte, und die Frauen wussten bereits vor dem Diagnosevermittlungsgesprach, dass sie Krebs hatten. Die Familie, Freundin/Freund, Bekannte und die professionellen Helfer sind in den meisten Fallen eine grose Hilfe. Sie spenden Trost und konnen Angste lindern. Bei der Diagnosevermittlung des Mammakarzinoms kann einiges falsch gemacht werden. Wenn die Diagnose nicht in einem geordneten Rahmen ubermittelt wird, entstehen noch zusatzliche psychische Belastungen. Den professionellen Helfern muss bewusst sein, dass unterschiedliche Krankheitszeichen vorhanden sein konnen. Je nachdem, in welcher Phase sich die Erkrankung Mammakarzinom befindet, sind korperliche, psychische, soziale und biographische Symptome zu bemerken. Diese gilt es ernst zu nehmen und darauf zu reagieren.
Computational displays: combining optical fabrication, computational processing, and perceptual tricks to build the displays of the future

This course provides the first comprehensive overview of computational displays for the graphics community. These display architectures employ co-design of optical elements, efficient computational processing, computationally tractable models for human perception, and advanced mathematical analysis. The course reviews all aspects of computational displays in detail, from concept introduction to a variety of example displays that exploit joint design of optical components and computational processing for applications such as high-dynamic-range and wide-color-gamut display, extended depth-of-field projection, and high-dimensional information display for computer-vision applications. In particular, the course focuses on how high-speed displays, multiple stacked LCDs, and directional backlighting combined with advanced mathematical analysis and efficient computational processing provide the foundations of 3D displays of the future. It also reviews psycho-physiological aspects that are of importance for display design and demonstrates how perceptually driven computational displays can enhance the capability of current technology.
Polymorphisms of dopamine receptors and tardive dyskinesia among Chinese patients with schizophrenia

The putative role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia (TD) makes the genes coding for dopamine receptors the appropriate candidates for study. We investigate the association of the polymorphism of the Ser311Cys and Ser9Gly of the dopamine D2 (DRD2) and D3 receptor (DRD3) genes respectively with TD in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. In a case‐control study, 117 Chinese patients with TD were compared to 200 patients without TD. Patients were diagnosed to have schizophrenia according to DSM‐IV criteria. Dyskinesia was assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), whereas extrapyramidal side‐effects (EPSE) were assessed by the Simpson‐Angus Rating Scale. Genotype groups were comparable in age, gender, duration of illness, daily neuroleptic and benzodiazepine dose as well as the mean scores for EPSE. We failed to find an association between the polymorphism of the DRD2 gene with TD but found an increased risk of developing TD among those with D3 serine/serine genotype. Our results did not indicate that the D2 genotype has a role in the pathophysiology of TD in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. The association of TD with the serine/serine genotype of the DRD3 may be an epiphenomenon of patients with a subtype of schizophrenia who had more exposure to neuroleptics. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blind Multiuser Receivers for Chaos Based Communications

Recently, there has been a good deal of interest in the use of chaotic signals for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) communication systems. The capacity of DS-CDMA systems is interference-limited, and can therefore be increased by techniques that suppress interference. This letter is devoted to the evaluation of the impact of blind multiuser detection techniques on chaos based DS-CDMA systems. Blind receivers can suppress multiple access interference and do not require knowledge of the code sequences and propagation channels of the interference. We demonstrate that, for chaotic sequence-based communications, blind multiuser receivers significantly improve the BER with respect to single-user receivers, and that their use is practically essential with a high number of users.
Deletion of the min Operon Results in Increased Thermosensitivity of an ftsZ84 Mutant and Abnormal FtsZ Ring Assembly, Placement, and Disassembly

ABSTRACT To investigate the interaction between FtsZ and the Min system during cell division of Escherichia coli, we examined the effects of combining a well-known thermosensitive mutation offtsZ, ftsZ84, with ΔminCDE, a deletion of the entire min locus. Because the Min system is thought to down-regulate Z-ring assembly, the prediction was that removing minCDE might at least partially suppress the thermosensitivity of ftsZ84, which can form colonies below 42°C but not at or above 42°C. Contrary to expectations, the double mutant was significantly more thermosensitive than theftsZ84 single mutant. When shifted to the new lower nonpermissive temperature, the double mutant formed long filaments mostly devoid of Z rings, suggesting a likely cause of the increased thermosensitivity. Interestingly, even at 22°C, many Z rings were missing in the double mutant, and the rings that were present were predominantly at the cell poles. Of these, a large number were present only at one pole. These cells exhibited a higher than expected incidence of polar divisions, with a bias toward the newest pole. Moreover, some cells exhibited dramatically elongated septa that stained for FtsZ, suggesting that the double mutant is defective in Z-ring disassembly, and providing a possible mechanism for the polar bias. Thermoresistant suppressors of the double mutant arose that had modestly increased levels of FtsZ84. These cells also exhibited elongated septa and, in addition, produced a high frequency of branched cells. A thermoresistant suppressor of the ftsZ84 single mutant also synthesized more FtsZ84 and produced branched cells. The evidence from this study indicates that removing the Min system exposes and exacerbates the inherent defects of the FtsZ84 protein, resulting in clear septation phenotypes even at low growth temperatures. Increasing levels of FtsZ84 can suppress some, but not all, of these phenotypes.
First Use of Hypertonic Saline Dextran in Children: A Study in Safety and Effectiveness for Atrial Septal Defect Surgery

Hypertonic saline dextran (7.5% NaCl + 6% Dextran-70) has been used in adults in several studies and shown beneficial effects in hypovolemic shock, trauma, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac surgery. There have never been studies of this solution in children. This work studies its effect in children undergoing surgery for the correction of atrial septal defects. Twenty-five children underwent correction of atrial septal defect using cardiopulmonary bypass with bloodless priming. Children were divided in five groups and each received an incremental hypertonic saline dextran dose of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mL/kg, 5 min before the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass. Collected data were fluid balance, amount of bleeding, blood/derivative transfusion occurrence, plasma sodium, and hematocrit. Patients were divided into low-dose (0–1 mL/kg) and high-dose (2–4 mL/kg) groups. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in blood loss between groups. The fluid balance and blood/derivative requirements were compared through Student's t test and Fisher's exact test (2-tail), respectively. All patients were discharged from hospital with corrected atrial septal defect. No hypertonic saline dextran-related complications occurred. There were no differences in the amount of bleeding. The high-dose group exhibited a significant decrease in fluid balance and in blood/derivative requirements in comparison with the low-dose group. In this study, the use of hypertonic saline dextran in the pediatric population submitted to cardiopulmonary bypass is safe and does not raise the amount of bleeding. Its effective doses produce negative fluid balance and reduce blood/derivative requirements.
Structural Recovery from Sound and Aminoglycoside Damage in the Avian Cochlea

Hair cell regeneration in the mature avian cochlea occurs in response to trauma that causes the death of some or all of the existing hair cell population. In general, this trauma has been introduced experimentally by either sound overexposure or treatment of the bird with high doses of aminoglycoside antibiotics. When injured hair cells are ejected from the sensory epithelium, the nonsensory supporting cells respond by re-entering the cell cycle and proliferating or by transdifferentiating directly into hair cells without a mitotic event. The new hair cells mature in a manner similar to that seen during embryonic development. They make connections with the overlying tectorial membrane and the afferent and efferent cochlear nerve processes within the sensory epithelium. This structural regeneration is accompanied by a significant recovery of auditory function and thus allows the animal to regain its hearing ability. This hair cell regeneration is presumably quite beneficial to birds, whose primary means of communication is based on vocalizations and the ability to hear and comprehend them. The prevalence of hearing loss in our society and the isolating impact it has on affected individuals makes the potential for finding ways to induce a similar hair cell regeneration in humans a very tempting goal. Studies of hair cell regeneration over the last 12 years have focused on the mechanisms that regulate the process and how they could be controlled. This review will examine the structural events involved in regenerating hair cells in the avian cochlea after sound damage and aminoglycoside treatment. It will define how hair cells and nerve endings are lost and the tectorial membrane is damaged by the traumatizing stimuli and how the supporting cells and nerve fibers respond by producing new hair cells, a new tectorial membrane and new synaptic connections during recovery. Finally, it will focus on mechanisms that control the proliferation and transdifferentiation of supporting cells and the differentiation of new hair cells. This structural review is accompanied by a companion review that covers the fundamental issues concerning functional recovery in the avian cochlea associated with hair cell regeneration.
A Nav1.7 channel mutation associated with hereditary erythromelalgia contributes to neuronal hyperexcitability and displays reduced lidocaine sensitivity

Mutations in the TTX‐sensitive voltage‐gated sodium channel subtype Nav1.7 have been implicated in the painful inherited neuropathy, hereditary erythromelalgia. Hereditary erythromelalgia can be difficult to treat and, although sodium channels are targeted by local anaesthetics such as lidocaine (lignocaine), some patients do not respond to treatment with local anaesthetics. This study examined electrophysiological differences in Nav1.7 caused by a hereditary erythromelalgia mutation (N395K) that lies within the local anaesthetic binding site of the channel. The N395K mutation produced a hyperpolarized voltage dependence of activation, slower kinetics of deactivation, and impaired steady‐state slow inactivation. Computer simulations indicate that the shift in activation is the major determinant of the hyperexcitability induced by erythromelalgia mutations in sensory neurons, but that changes in slow inactivation can modulate the overall impact on excitability. This study also investigated lidocaine inhibition of the Nav1.7‐N395K channel. We show that the N395K mutation attenuates the inhibitory effects of lidocaine on both resting and inactivated Nav1.7. The IC50 for lidocaine was estimated at 500 μm for inactivated wild‐type Nav1.7 and 2.8 mm for inactivated Nav1.7‐N395K. The N395K mutation also significantly reduced use‐dependent inhibition of lidocaine on Nav1.7 current. In contrast, a different hereditary erythromelalgia mutation (F216S), not located in the local anaesthetic binding site, had no effect on lidocaine inhibition of Nav1.7 current. Our observation of reduced lidocaine inhibition on Nav1.7‐N395K shows that the residue N395 is critical for lidocaine binding to Nav1.7 and suggests that the response of individuals with hereditary erythromelalgia to lidocaine treatment may be determined, at least in part, by their specific genotype.
Wind Turbine Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Torque Load Control Against Actuator Faults

Wind turbines are designed to generate electrical energy as efficiently and reliably as possible. Advanced fault detection, diagnosis, and accommodation schemes are necessary to realize the required levels of reliability and availability in modern wind turbines. This paper presents two novel approaches oriented to the design of fault-tolerant control (FTC) schemes for reliable regulation of generator torque in a wind turbine that can be affected by both model uncertainties and actuator faults in its generator/converter. The first approach is based on fuzzy model reference adaptive control in which a fuzzy inference mechanism is used for parameter adaptation without any explicit knowledge of the potential faults in the system. The second approach exploits fuzzy modeling and identification method to develop an integrated model-based fault detection and diagnosis, and automatic signal correction mechanism to accommodate potential faults in the system based on online diagnostic information. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed FTC schemes is illustrated and compared by a series of simulations on a well-known large offshore wind turbine benchmark in the presence of wind turbulences, measurement noises, and realistic fault scenarios in the generator/converter torque actuator.
PAX8 discriminates ovarian metastases from adnexal tumors and other cutaneous metastases

Background: The distinction of metastatic ovarian carcinoma from other metastatic carcinomas and primary adnexal lesions in the skin is often difficult. PAX8 is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in development of the Müllerian system and has been shown to be a useful discriminatory marker between ovarian and breast carcinomas. Identification of ovarian cutaneous metastases may be of benefit in patients with familial breast‐ovarian carcinoma syndrome.
Early detection of myocardial deformation by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography in normotensive obese children and adolescents

Objective: To evaluate the left venticular myocardial deformation parameters in normotensive obese children and adolescents by using 2-D speckle tracking echocardiography. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 69 children and adolescents (aged between 10-18), 38 were normotensive obese and 31 were normal weighted. All children underwent detailed two- dimentional, Doppler and two-dimentional speckle tracking echocardiography. Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation were used in statistical analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used the determine independent variables on global longitudinal strain (GLS). Results: While in normal limits, diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in obese group. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) and end-systolic diameter (LVDs), interventricular septal thickness (IVSd), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LPWD) and left ventricular mass index (LVM)/height2.7 were significantly higher in obese group compared to healthy peers (p=0.004, p=0.011, p<0.001, p=0.001, p<0.001) respectively. Obese subjects had reduced global longitudinal strain (GLS) values (p=0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis using the step-wise method were performed to assess the independent variables (age, body mass index, insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular diameters and LVM index (g/m2.7) affecting the dependent variable GLS. GLS was found significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (β:0.440, p:0.001; 95% CI: 0.104-0.311). Conclusion: Left ventricular strain parameters obtained by two dimentional speckle tracking echocardiography were diminished in obese children compared to normal subjects indicating that obesity in childhood is linked to decreased myocardial deformation even in the absence of comorbidities in early stages.
Infections fongiques invasives : un quart de siècle de progrès

Auteur(s) : Raoul Herbrecht1, Catherine Cordonnier2 1Service d’oncologie et d’hematologie, Hopital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg 2Service d’hematologie, Hopital Henri-Mondor, Creteil Les premieres etudes portant sur le traitement empirique des infections fongiques invasives datent des annees 1980. Elles ont permis d’attirer l’attention sur le role des champignons dans les episodes infectieux de nos malades atteints d’hemopathie [1, 2]. Malgre un faible nombre de patients inclus, [. ]
Serum Paraoxonase 1 Activity Status in Patients with Liver Disorders

Background/Aim: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an esterase, exclusively synthesized by liver. The present study has two objectives: to determine the PON1 activity status in various disorders associated with hepatocellular damage and to correlate the changes of PON1 activity with the standard liver function and fasting lipid profile tests in these disorders. Patients and Methods: The study groups consisted of 95 patients with liver diseases including acute viral hepatitis (14), cirrhosis with portal hypertension (33), leptospirosis (14), sepsis and multi organ failure (15), left ventricular failure (9), and falciparum malaria (10); and 53 healthy controls. Serum PON1 activity was measured manually using spectrophotometer. Liver function test parameters and fasting lipid profile were performed in clinical chemistry auto analyzer (Hitachi 912). Results: The serum PON1 activity in patients with acute viral hepatitis and sepsis decreased significantly (P<0.001) and moderately in falciparum malaria (P<0.05). However, in patients with cirrhosis, leptospirosis and left ventricular patients, its activity did not change significantly. On applying Pearson correlation, serum PON1 activity correlated positively with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with sepsis (r=0.633, P<0.05), left ventricular failure patients (r=0.814, P<0.05) and negatively with acute viral hepatitis patients (r=– 0.528, P<0.05). Conclusion: PON1 activity has decreased significantly in acute viral hepatitis, sepsis with multi organ failure and falciparum malaria patients. Determination of PON1 activity may serve as a useful additional test in assessing these conditions.
Effects of Hydroperiod Duration on Survival, Developmental Rate, and Size at Metamorphosis in Boreal Chorus Frog Tadpoles (Pseudacris maculata)

Abstract: Understanding the relationship between climate-driven habitat conditions and survival is key to preserving biodiversity in the face of rapid climate change. Hydroperiod—the length of time water is in a wetland—is a critical limiting habitat variable for amphibians as larvae must metamorphose before ponds dry. Changes in precipitation and temperature patterns are affecting hydroperiod globally, but the impact of these changes on amphibian persistence is poorly understood. We studied the responses of Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris maculata) tadpoles to simulated hydroperiods (i.e., water level reductions) in the laboratory using individuals collected from ponds spanning a range of natural hydroperiods (Colorado Front Range, USA). To assess the effects of experimental hydroperiod reduction, we measured mortality, time to metamorphosis, and size at metamorphosis. We found that tadpoles grew at rates reflecting the hydroperiods of their native ponds, regardless of experimental treatment. Tadpoles from permanent ponds metamorphosed faster than those from ephemeral ponds across all experimental treatments, a pattern which may represent a predation selection gradient or countergradient variation in developmental rates. Size at metamorphosis did not vary across experimental treatments. Mortality was low overall but varied with pond of origin. Our results suggest that adaptation to local hydroperiod and/or predation and temperature conditions is important in P. maculata. Moreover, the lack of a plastic response to reduced hydroperiods suggests that P. maculata may not be able to metamorphose quickly enough to escape drying ponds. These results have important implications for amphibian persistence in ponds predicted to dry more quickly due to rapid climate change.
Large‐Scale Identification of the Arginine Methylome by Mass Spectrometry

The attachment of one or more methylation groups to the side chain of arginine residues is a regulatory mechanism for cellular proteins. Recent advances in mass spectrometry−based characterization allow comprehensive identification of arginine methylation sites by peptide‐level enrichment strategies. Described in this unit is a 4‐day protocol for enrichment of arginine‐methylated peptides and subsequent identification of thousands of distinct sites by mass spectrometry. Specifically, the protocol explains step‐by‐step sample preparation, enrichment using commercially available antibodies, prefractionation using strong cation exchange, and identification using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. A strategy for relative quantification is described using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Approaches for analysis of arginine methylation site occupancy are also discussed. Collectively, the unit describes the essential parameters required for a successful and comprehensive experiment detailing the arginine methylome. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.