Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of activator treatment changes

Abstract The effects of functional appliance treatment have been reported in numerous studies in the literature with great variability in the findings. It is generally agreed that they can be used successfully to treat Class II malocclusions in growing and cooperative patients. However, there is a lack' of consensus regarding the relative orthodontic and orthopedic correction obtained by functional appliances in Class II correction. Lateral cephalometric radiographs from a sample (n=36) of patients who had undergone a phase of treatment with activator appliances were measured and analysed for changes using a modified version of the method described by Johnston (Hashim and Godfrey 1990). In this method, the treatment changes were broken down into: tooth movement relative to basal bone; and the translatory growth of the jaws, both with respect to the cranial base and to each other. The results show that the treatment effects were mainly dentoalveolar. There was a slight orthopedic effect on the maxilla, but no significant mandibular growth was observed, above that which can be expected from normal growth.
Activities and molecular characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons degrading rhizobacteria from mangrove plants (Rhizophora sp.) in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Benget VV, Retnaningrum E. 2020. Activities and molecular characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons degrading rhizobacteria from mangrove plants (Rhizophora sp.) in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 21-27. The increasing number of human population density around mangrove ecosystems has resulted in its pollution, particularly oil spills. Rhizobacteria have metabolic abilities that make them possible to live in polluted environmental conditions and the potential to be biological agents for oil remediation. However, investigations of rhizobacteria especially from rhizospheres of mangrove plants (Rhizophora sp.) and their potential use in remediation remains limited. Therefore, the purposes of this research were to investigate the ability of selected isolate in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and identify its isolate using 16S rRNA gene. Observation of that degradation ability was conducted by inoculating the isolate in Bushnell-Haas Minimal Salt (BHMS) medium containing crude petroleum 0.01 %. After 10 days of incubation, the degradation hydrocarbons were analyzed by measuring Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) method. Four rhizobacteria isolate from rhizospheres of mangrove plants (Rhizophora sp), NMKP1, NMKP2, NMKP3, and NMKP4 were analyzed based on their growth in Bushnell-Haas Minimal Salt (BHMS) medium containing crude petroleum 0.01 %. The results revealed that NMKP4 isolate had the highest specific growth rate. In addition, it could degrade those hydrocarbons pollutants as much of 98.72 % within 10 days. Based on molecular characterization showed that NMKP4 isolate was in the same cluster as Pseudomonas sp. CO03.
New directions in research on education reconstruction in challenging circumstances: An introduction to the field

There has been a burgeoning of research on education over the last four decades. This development has been accompanied by a profusion of publications in the form of academic books, chapters, and papers in refereed journals. In their reporting of theoretical and empirical research, there is much that is informative for both generalists and specialists working in the field of education regarding the status quo. Much less prevalent, however, are works that open up broad new areas for deliberation and for research. Those scholars who are exceptions in this regard have provided two types of work. The first of these are works that attempt to open up new research directions within education studies in relation to such matters as education access, participation, pedagogical practices, and outcomes at different education levels (as in primary, secondary and university levels), along with providing expositions on new research approaches.
Circulating tumor DNA analysis in the era of precision oncology

The spatial and temporal genomic heterogeneity of various tumor types and advances in technology have stimulated the development of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) genotyping. ctDNA was developed as a non-invasive, cost-effective alternative to tumor biopsy when such biopsy is associated with significant risk, when tumor tissue is insufficient or inaccessible, and/or when repeated assessment of tumor molecular abnormalities is needed to optimize treatment. The role of ctDNA is now well established in the clinical decision in certain alterations and tumors, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in non-small cell lung cancer and the v-Ki-ras2 kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutation in colorectal cancer. The role of ctDNA analysis in other tumor types remains to be validated. Evolving data indicate the association of ctDNA level with tumor burden, and the usefulness of ctDNA analysis in assessing minimal residual disease, in understanding mechanisms of resistance to treatment, and in dynamically guiding therapy. ctDNA analysis is increasingly used to select therapy. Carefully designed clinical trials that use ctDNA analysis will increase the rate of patients who receive targeted therapy, will elucidate our understanding of evolution of tumor biology and will accelerate drug development and implementation of precision medicine. In this article we provide a critical overview of clinical trials and evolving data of ctDNA analysis in specific tumors and across tumor types.
Pollution and Maternal Mortality: Evidence from the London Fog∗

The WHO estimates that, in 2015, over 300,000 women died in childbirth. Yet, the causes of maternal mortality remain under-studied because most of these deaths occur in data-sparse developing countries. This study provides new evidence showing that air pollution increases maternal mortality in settings where mothers do not have access to modern medical care. Our evidence comes from London using data for 1866-1935, a period characterized by high levels of maternal mortality and severe pollution. We analyze newly collected weekly data covering over 7 million births and 26,000 maternal deaths. For identification, we exploit week-to-week variation in fog events that trapped pollution in London. To track these events, we reviewed over 24,000 daily weather reports. Because the formation of fog depends on a complex set of climatic variables, we argue that the timing of these events on a week-to-week basis is as good as random after appropriate controls are included. Our results show that the occurrence of heavy fog in a week was associated with a 5.8-7.4% increase in maternal mortality in that week. This response is 4.5-7.6 times larger, in percentage terms, than the response of total mortality or mortality among all adults. Thus, pregnancy and childbirth were associated with a substantial increase in vulnerability to the effects of air pollution. To our knowledge this is the first study to draw a direct causal link between air pollution and maternal mortality. ∗We thank Brian Beach, David Cutler, Arthi Vellore and Casper Worm Hanson for their comments and suggestions. We are grateful to Anna Sudol for her excellent research assistance. Funding for this project was provided by UCLA’s Ziman Center for Real Estate, the California Center for Population Research, and the National Science Foundation CAREER Grant No. 1552692. Corresponding author contact information: 8283 Bunche Hall, UCLA, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, whanlon@econ.ucla. edu.
Two-dimensional van der Waals spinterfaces and magnetic-interfaces

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have brought fresh prospects for spintronics, as evidenced by the rapid scientific progress made in this frontier over the past decade. In particular, for charge perpendicular to plane vertical magnetic tunnel junctions, the 2D crystals present exclusive features such as atomic-level thickness control, near-perfect crystallography without dangling bonds, and novel electronic structure-guided interfaces with tunable hybridization and proximity effects, which lead to an entirely new group of spinterfaces. Such crystals also present new ways of integration of atomically thin barriers in magnetic tunnel junctions and an unprecedented means for developing composite barriers with atomic precision. All these new aspects have sparked interest for theoretical and experimental efforts, revealing intriguing spin-dependent transport and spin inversion effects. Here, we discuss some of the distinctive effects observed in ferromagnetic junctions with prominent 2D crystals such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides and how spinterface phenomena at such junctions affect the observed magnetoresistance in devices. Finally, we discuss how the recently emerged 2D ferromagnets bring upon an entirely novel category of van der Waals interfaces for efficient spin transmission and dynamic control through exotic heterostructures.
Investor Protection, IPO Appraisal, and Institutional Investors’ Bidding Behavior

Utilizing a time window (2004–2007) separating two initial public offering (IPO) policies in India, this paper examines the effect of IPO appraisal's interaction with investors protection policy on institutional investors' bidding behavior—as it relates to IPO underpricing. The findings, which are robust to endogeneity concerns, reveal a paradox. Under the discretionary allocation policy (2004-2005) IPO appraisal reduces IPO underpricing, whereas under the nondiscretionary allocation investor protection policy (2005-2007) it increases IPO underpricing. We provide a resolution for this paradox: IPO appraisers’ equity stake in the IPO reduces institutional investors’ allocation quota, which, under the non-discretionary allocation policy, increases the impact of retail investors’ bids on IPO price and diminishes institutional investors' ability to “accurately” shave for the winner’s curse.
Effects of Shade on Antibacterial Production in Aloe Vera Plants: A Model Course Based Undergraduate Research Experience for First- and Second-Year Chemistry and Biochemistry Students

As a means to promote student engagement in chemistry, this proposed course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) provides an opportunity for students to research a topic that is particularly prevalent in national public health headlines. Antibiotic resistance is a public health issue of increasing concern as result of the overuse and often misuse of antibiotics. For this reason, it is important to explore a variety of avenues to discover novel antibiotics, including isolating bioactive natural products from plants and other organisms. Organisms such as plants, bacteria, and fungi have long been utilized for their antibacterial properties, but little is known for how the majority of these natural remedies are affected by varying growth conditions. Herein, we propose a method through which students in first- and second-year chemistry or biochemistry laboratory courses can manipulate growth factors of Aloe vera, an antibiotic-producing plant, to probe how those manipulations affect antibiotic production and therefore Aloe vera’s effectiveness as an herbal medicine. Aloe vera plants were grown under varying shade conditions, and their gel was extracted and evaluated for antibiotic activity using both a broth microdilution assay and an agar diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Through this model, students are able to develop critical thinking skills, derive a hypothesis, and use analytical and biochemical techniques to evaluate their hypothesis.
INFLUENCE OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT SURGERY WITH SEMITENDINOUS AND GRACILIS GRAFT ON STATIC POSTURAL BALANCE AT 3 MONTHS POSTOPERATIVELY: RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is the most common sports injury. Surgery is often proposed, but single-leg and double-leg static postural disorders have been discovered several months after surgery. Our aims are to compare postural disorders after ligament reconstruction by hamstring tendon graft in the three months after surgery to those caused by aging. Methods: 2 groups of subjects underwent bilateral and unilateral postural tests. An analysis of the center of pressure’s displacement is carried out for each test. Results: Comparison of the two groups shows no significant difference for the injured leg on the unilateral and bilateral tests only (p-value>0,05). Conclusion: Postural alteration after an ACL reconstruction on the injured leg and bilateral posture can be compared to postural disorders caused by age.
Kidney fibrosis in disease and aging – The stage and some key actors

Deepening the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease in all organ systems has always been the cornerstone of progress and one of the greatest challenges of modern medicine. The remarkable advances in biotechnology over the past two decades have yielded explanations for many of the cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in disease and aging. Unexplored paths have been opened for more specific diagnosis and more selective therapy, and also for adopting the best strategy to delay the wear and tear that advancing age involves.
Comparative Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes in Allium Subgenus Cyathophora (Amaryllidaceae): Phylogenetic Relationship and Adaptive Evolution

Recent advances in molecular phylogenetics provide us with information of Allium L. taxonomy and evolution, such as the subgenus Cyathophora, which is monophyletic and contains five species. However, previous studies detected distinct incongruence between the nrDNA and cpDNA phylogenies, and the interspecies relationships of this subgenus need to be furtherly resolved. In our study, we newly assembled the whole chloroplast genome of four species in subgenus Cyathophora and two allied Allium species. The complete cp genomes were found to possess a quadripartite structure, and the genome size ranged from 152,913 to 154,174 bp. Among these cp genomes, there were subtle differences in the gene order, gene content, and GC content. Seven hotspot regions (infA, rps16, rps15, ndhF, trnG-UCC, trnC-GCA, and trnK-UUU) with nucleotide diversity greater than 0.02 were discovered. The selection analysis showed that some genes have elevated Ka/Ks ratios. Phylogenetic analysis depended on the complete chloroplast genome (CCG), and the intergenic spacer regions (IGS) and coding DNA sequences (CDS) showed same topologies with high support, which revealed that subgenus Cyathophora was a monophyletic group, containing four species, and A. cyathophorum var. farreri was sister to A. spicatum with 100% bootstrap value. Our study revealed selective pressure may exert effect on several genes of the six Allium species, which may be useful for them to adapt to their specific living environment. We have well resolved the phylogenetic relationship of species in the subgenus Cyathophora, which will contribute to future evolutionary studies or phylogeographic analysis of Allium.
Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep in Cancer Patients Can Mediate the Effect of Fear of Progression on Insomnia

Background and ObjectiveaaThe role of the dysfunctional belief about sleep is important for the development of insomnia among cancer patients. This study intended to investigate whether dysfunctional belief about sleep mediates the relationship between fear of progression and insomnia in cancer patients. MethodsaaThree hundred and thirty-seven cancer patients participated in our study. Dysfunctional belief about sleep, severity of insomnia, depression, fear of progression, and anxiety were measured using the following questionnaires: Cancer-related Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep (C-DBS); Insomnia Severity Index (ISI); Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); Fear of Progression (FoP); and the state subcategory of State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Path analysis was used to clarify the relationships among the variables. Since C-DBS consists of two items, i.e., Q1-immune & Q2-recurrence, we implemented an additional path analysis including these variables separately. ResultsaaC-DBS mediated the effect of FoP (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) and patient sex (β = 0.13, p = 0.009) on ISI. PHQ-9 (β = 0.32, p < 0.001) and STAI (β = -0.09, p = 0.071) had a direct influence on ISI scores. In our second path analysis, Q1-immune item mediated the effect of FoP (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) on ISI, and Q2-recurrence item mediated the effect of FoP (β = 0.23, p < 0.001) and patient sex (β = 0.09, p = 0.019) on ISI. ConclusionsaaOur path analysis model indicated that C-DBS mediates the effect of FoP and patient sex on ISI. Our second path analysis results suggested that there could be an internal process of Q1 and Q2 item. Efforts to reduce dysfunctional beliefs should be considered as well as management of fear of progression for better sleep of cancer patients. Sleep Med Res 2019;10(2):83-89
UMMS: Efficient Superpixel Segmentation Driven by a Mixture of Spatially Constrained Uniform Distribution

A novel superpixel segmentation approach driven by uniform mixture model with spatially constrained (UMMS) is proposed. Under this algorithm, each observation, i.e. pixel is first represented as a fivedimensional vector which consists of colour in CLELAB space and position information. And then, we define a new uniform distribution through adding pixel position, so that this distribution can describe each pixel in input image. Applied weighted 1-Norm to difference between pixels and mean to control the compactness of superpixel. In addition, an effective parameter estimation scheme is introduced to reduce computational complexity. Specifically, the invariant prior probability and parameter range restrict the locality of superpixels, and the robust mean optimization technique ensures the accuracy of superpixel boundaries. Finally, each defined uniform distribution is associated with a superpixel and the proposed UMMS successfully implements superpixel segmentation. The experiments on BSDS500 dataset verify that UMMS outperforms most of the state-of-theart approaches in terms of segmentation accuracy, regularity, and rapidity. key words: uniform mixture model, spatially constrained, weighted 1Norm, superpixel segmentation
A Dashboard Prototype for Tracking the Impact of Diabetes on Hospital Readmissions Using a National Administrative Database

Background Over the past several decades, diabetes mellitus has contributed to a significant disease burden in the general population. Evidence suggests that patients with a coexisting diabetes diagnosis consume more hospital resources, and have higher readmission rates compared to those who do not. Against the backdrop of bundled-payment programs, healthcare systems cannot underestimate the importance of monitoring patient health information at the population level. Methods Using the data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) administrative claims database, we created a dashboard prototype to enable hospitals to examine the impact of diabetes on their all-cause readmission rates and financial implications if diabetes was present at the index hospitalization. The technical design involved loading the relevant 10th revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes provided by the medical team and flagging diabetes patients at the claim. These patients were then tagged for readmissions within the same database. The odds ratios were determined based on data from two groups: those with diabetes at index hospitalization which include type 1 only, type 2 only, and type 1 and type 2 diabetes, plus those without diabetes at index hospitalization. Results The dashboard presents summary data of diabetes readmissions quality metrics at a national level. Users can visualize summary data of each state and compare odds ratios for readmissions as well as raw hospitalization data at their facility. Dashboard users can also view data classified by a diagnosis-related group (DRG) system. In addition to a “national” data view, for users who inquire about data specific to demographic regions, the DRG view can be further stratified at the state level or county level. At the DRG level, users can view data about the cost per readmissions for all index hospitalization with and without diabetes. Conclusions The dashboard prototype offers users a virtual interface which displays visual data for quick interpretation, monitors changes at a population level, and enables administrators to benchmark facility data against local and national trends. This is an important step in using data analytics to drive population level decision making to ultimately improve medical systems.
Characterization of the Soil Temperature Using Wavelets in two Forest Biomes: Amazonas and Atlantic Florets

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the seasonal and spatial profiles of soil temperature (ST) in the biomes of the Amazon Forest and Atlantic Forest, using the wavelet transform. In the Amazon rainforest were used the data from the year 2009. In the Atlantic Forest used up to year 2010 data. The results showed that the ST in the Amazon rainforest shows little variation in time with temperature range below 5 ° C. In the rainforest, this exhibited high thermal amplitude throughout the year, more than 10 ° C. The wavelet transform showed that the variability of ST is defined by multi-scale time: 24 hours for both biomass, 8 to 16 days for Amazon and 4 to 16 days to Atlantic forest.
Assessment of Sexual Behaviour Effects of Seed Coat of Garcinia Kola on Male Wistar Rats

Original Research Article As a result of the rise in the incidence of male sexual dysfunctions, several treatment options including medicinal plants are been evaluated to determine their aphrodisiac potentials. In the present study, extracts of the seed coat of Garcinia kola were assessed for their aphrodisiac properties. The Garcinia kola seeds were first dried to enhance the removal of the coat. The coat was blended to fine powder and extracted using hydromethanol (1:4) as solvent. Six (6) male rats were randomly placed into three (3) groups. Group 1 which served as control received distilled water. Group 2 received 100mg/kg body weight and group 3 received 200mg/kg of body weight of the seed coat extracts. The extracts were orally administered daily for 30 and 60 days. The sexual behavior tests done are: mounting latency (ML), mounting frequency (MF), intromission latency (IL), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation latency (EL), ejaculation frequency (EF) and post ejaculatory interval(PEI). Results obtained showed that precopulatory behaviors such as chasing, sniffing and nosing were not affected in the test males. The ML, IL, MF and IF were not significantly (P<0.05) altered. The EL, EF and PEI were not also significantly affected when test groups were compared with control. It was concluded that seed coat extract of Garcinia kola did not influence sexual activity either by improving sexual arousability (libido), vigour or potency. The consumption of seed coat of Garcinia kola together with the pulp for the purpose of promoting sexual vigour in males does not have any physiological value.
Face Recognition using Fuzzy-Symbolic Data with Texture Features

Face recognition is one of the biometric identification method. It is a challenging and one of the active research area in the field of computer vision. Face image variations are due to changes in expression, presence of occlusion, geographical variations and illumination along with aging are some of the challenges to face recognition technique. In this paper, we attempt to solve illumination challenge for face recognition. Here, we propose a novel approach for face recognition using fuzzy-symbolic data with texture feature and SVM classifier. Experimental results are carried out on standard benchmark databases like Extended YaleB, ORL databases to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method. Keywords— Face recognition, Illumination invariant feature, Logarithm Gradient Histogram (LGH), SVM classifier