Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BİREYSEL GİRİŞİMCİLİK ALGI ÖLÇEĞİ GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Bu calismanin amaci, bireylerin girisimcilige yonelik algilarini ortaya koymaya yonelik bir olcek gelistirmektir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu Mersin Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi ucuncu siniflarinda ve Pedagojik Formasyon Programi’nda ogrenim goren 555 ogrenci olusturmustur. Olcegin madde analizi calismalari korelasyona dayali analizle gerceklestirilmis ve madde-olcek korelasyonlari Pearson korelasyon katsayisi ile incelenmistir. Varimax dondurme ile gerceklestirilen acimlayici faktor analizi sonucunda 31 maddelik alti boyutlu bir yapi elde edilmistir. Alti boyutun olusturdugu toplam varyans %53.32 olarak saptanmistir. Olcegin Cronbach-Alpha guvenirligi . 92 olarak elde edilmistir. Olcegin nihai hali egitim hayati boyunca girisimcilige iliskin ders/kurs/seminer alan ve almayan 96 kisiden olusan farkli bir grupta uygulanarak ortalamalar arasindaki farkin anlamliligi bagimsiz gruplar icin t-testi kullanilarak elde edilmistir. Gerceklestirilen t-testi sonucunda egitim hayati boyunca girisimcilige iliskin ders/kurs/seminer alan bireylerin bireysel girisimcilik algi duzey puanlari ile girisimcilige iliskin ders/kurs/seminer almayan bireylerin puanlari arasinda anlamli bir fark oldugu ortaya konmustur. Sonuclar, Bireysel Girisimcilik Algi Olcegi’nden elde edilen puanlarin guvenilirligi ve gecerligi hakkinda kanitlar saglamistir.
Prostaglandin F2α Upregulates Uterine Immune Defenses in the Presence of the Immunosuppressive Steroid Progesterone

Uterine infections often develop in some livestock species during the first luteal phase postpartum. Exogenous prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) induces luteolysis, reduces progesterone, and enables the uterus to resolve infections. However, the effects of PGF2α on luteal function and on immune functions are confounded. These effects must be disentangled to determine whether alternatives to antibiotic treatments can be successfully developed.
Liposomal prostaglandin E1 in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of liposomal prostaglandin E1 (TLC C-53) in the treatment of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). DESIGN Randomized, prospective, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial. SETTING Eight community and university-affiliated hospitals in the United States. PATIENTS Twenty-five patients with ARDS. INTERVENTIONS Patients were prospectively randomized in an unbalanced ratio within each site to receive either TLC C-53 (n = 17) or placebo (n = 8). Study drug was infused intravenously over 60 mins every 6 hrs for a 7-day period, starting at a dose of 0.15 micrograms/kg/hr. The dose was increased every 12 hrs until the maximal dose (3.6 micrograms/kg/hr) was attained, intolerance to further increases developed, or invasive monitoring was discontinued. Patients received standard, aggressive, medical/surgical care throughout the trial. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Outcome measurements were Pao2/FI0(2), dynamic pulmonary compliance, ventilator dependence on day 8, and 28-day all-cause mortality rate. At baseline, the distribution of variables describing Lung Injury Scores, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, Pao2/FI0(2), pulmonary compliance, and time from onset of ARDS to first dose of study drug was similar between patients in the TLC C-53 and placebo treatment groups. On day 8, all eight patients given placebo required mechanical ventilation, while eight of 17 patients given TLC C-53 were healthy enough to be removed from the ventilator (p = .03). Improvement in PaO2/FIO2 during the initial 8-day study period was greater in patients receiving TLC C-53. This trend achieved statistical significance on day 3, when the increase in PaO2/FIO2 from baseline was 82.5 +/- 14.6 in the TLC C-53 group compared with 28.3 +/- 22.1 in the placebo group (p = .05). By day 8, lung compliance also increased from baseline significantly more in TLC C-53 patients than in placebo patients (5.7 +/- 1.7 vs -1.5 +/- 1.8 mL/cm H2O; p = .01). The 28-day mortality rate was 6% (1/17 patients) in the TLC C-53 group and 25% (2/8 patients) in the placebo group (p = .23). Drug-related adverse events were reported in 82% of the patients receiving TLC C-53 compared with 38% of the placebo group, with half of the adverse events in the TLC C-53 group being localized infusion site irritation. TLC C-53 was hemodynamically well tolerated, with transient hypotension occurring in three patients. CONCLUSIONS In patients with ARDS, TLC C-53 was associated with improved oxygenation, increased lung compliance, and decreased ventilator dependency.
Facilitation and sustainable agriculture: a mechanistic approach to reconciling crop production and conservation

Summary Food security is currently considered a major global problem. However, increasing intensity of food production in agricultural systems has driven reductions in farmland biodiversity. A major challenge is to enable biodiversity conservation whilst addressing the problem of food security. Here we describe how facilitative plant-plant interactions in crop systems could be used to help strike this balance. An obvious example is that of intercropping systems, where combinations of crop species can – under some circumstances – deliver reduced inputs of agrochemicals (fertilisers, pesticides) per unit yield, with potential knock-on benefits for biodiversity conservation. Other facilitative processes can also play a role in biodiversity conservation. Increased intra-specific crop genetic diversity can help protect crops from pests and diseases. Although overlooked in facilitation research, we argue that the mechanisms operate in a manner which is directly analogous to associational defence against herbivores, a process well-recognised in the facilitation literature. As with intercropping, the benefits to nature conservation arise from reduced pesticide use per unit harvested crop. Crops may have facilitative effects on some arable weed species, particularly those that are currently considered rare in intensive farming systems. Work is in its early stages to understand the underlying mechanisms, but it appears that crops might create niche space to which some weed species are adapted. Increasing plant species diversity through niche space creation may then have cascading benefits for other components of farmland biodiversity. Our new understanding of facilitative processes arising from work on crop systems has lessons for the study of facilitative interactions in natural and semi-natural communities. We argue that, although easier to identify and quantify in crop systems, some of these facilitative processes have to date been overlooked in studies of non-crop systems, and certainly deserve further consideration. Finally we discuss what steps may be needed to move from our understanding of the role of facilitation to the development of new agricultural practice. In some cases the challenge may be one of encouraging uptake of existing practices, and in others more research is needed to understand how new ecological understanding might deliver more sustainable agricultural practice.
The ultrastructural development of the oocyst wall of Eimeria maxima

SUMMARY Oocyst wall formation in Eimeria maxima was studied during the macrogamete stage in intestinal cells of the chick and in unsporulated oocysts isolated from faeces. The outer of the 2 membranes bounding the mature macrogamete separated from the surface but remained as a veil surrounding the developing oocyst throughout the whole intracellular process. Wall-forming bodies Type I were initially applied to the limiting membrane of the zygote cytoplasm; a layer of material similar to their contents was then formed around the zygote. As this occurred a new double membrane was formed surrounding the oocyst cytoplasm. The outer wall layer was initially homogenous in appearance but later developed into 2 zones, an outer amorphous region and an inner osmiophilic region. The inner layer of the oocyst wall was formed from the contents of the wallforming bodies Type II which dispersed between the outer wall and the limiting membranes of the oocyst cytoplasm. There was evidence of an additional membrane formed external to the outer wall. The outer membranes were not present around the wall of oocysts passed in the faeces of chicks, but the same wall zonation was evident, although the inner osmiophilic zone of the outer wall layer was markedly thinner in comparison with the same zone seen in the tissues.
Arabidopsis Tetraspanins Are Con fi ned to Discrete Expression Domains and Cell Types in Reproductive Tissues and Form Homo-and Heterodimers When Expressed in Yeast 1

Tetraspanins are evolutionary conserved transmembrane proteins present in all multicellular organisms. In animals, they are known to act as central organizers of membrane complexes and thought to facilitate diverse biological processes, such as cell proliferation, movement, adhesion, and fusion. The genome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) encodes 17 members of the tetraspanin family; however, little is known about their functions in plant development. Here, we analyzed their phylogeny, protein topology, and domain structure and surveyed their expression and localization patterns in reproductive tissues. We show that, despite their low sequence identity with metazoan tetraspanins, plant tetraspanins display the typical structural topology and most signature features of tetraspanins in other multicellular organisms. Arabidopsis tetraspanins are expressed indiverse tissuedomains or cell types in reproductive tissues, and someaccumulate at thehighest levels in response topollination in the transmitting tract and stigma,male and female gametophytes andgametes.Arabidopsis tetraspanins are preferentially targeted to the plasmamembrane, and they variously associate with specializedmembrane domains, in a polarized fashion, to intercellular contacts or plasmodesmata. A membrane-based yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid system established that tetraspanins can physically interact, forming homoand heterodimer complexes. These results, together with a likely genetic redundancy, suggest that, similar to their metazoan counterparts, plant tetraspanins might be involved in facilitating intercellular communication, whose functions might be determined by the composition of tetraspanin complexes and their binding partners at the cell surface of specific cell types.
Redundant Nerve Roots of the Cauda Equina Caused by Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis

To investigate pathogenesis of redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina, which were concomitant with severe lumbar spinal canal stenosis, six cadavers were examined anatomically and histopathologically, and quantitative analysis of nerve fibers was performed. In this anatomic study, it was observed that all the redundant nerve roots passed through the constriction of the spinal canal. No significant pathologic change was detected in the spinal ganglia and in the spinal cords except for the posterior column, in which dorsal redundant roots were entering. Redundant nerve roots of unequal length also were observed in the anatomic study. The spatial distribution of redundant nerve roots and the extent of degeneration of nerve fibers in them were established by these histopathologic and quantitative studies. These facts indicated a close causal relationship between redundant nerve roots and constriction of the spinal canal, and that the pathogenesis of redundant nerve roots was a squeezing force acting on the nerve roots at the area of spinal canal constriction.
Total follicular populations in ewes of high and low ovulation rates.

The total ovarian follicular populations were studied in two breeds of ewes which differed greatly in their ovulation rates. Thus 8 Romanov (mean ovulation rate 3.1) and 12 Ile-de-France ewes (mean ovulation rate 1.4) were ovariectomized at oestrus during the breeding season. Each right ovary and 3 left ovaries were sectioned at 7 micron and examined microscopically. The number of small follicles, i.e. with 2 or less layers of granulosa cells, was estimated by a tested sampling procedure whilst all larger follicles were measured and arranged into classes. There were half as many small follicles but 1.5--2 times more large follicles in the ovaries of the Romanov ewes compared to those of the Ile-de-France ewes. The number of atretic follicles was approximately the same in both breeds and does not explain the difference observed in ovulation rate. It is concluded that the higher ovulation rate in the Romanov ewe is due to the greater number of large follicles available to be stimulated for ovulation.
Determination of Fenofibrate and the Degradation Product Using Simultaneous UV-Derivative Spectrometric Method and HPLC

Two new selective, precise, and accurate methods were developed for the determination of fenofibrate in the presence of its basic degradation product. In the first method fenofibrate was determined using an algorithm bivariate calibration derivative method, in which an optimum pair of wavelengths was chosen for the determination of different binary mixtures. In the second method (HPLC), separation was achieved on RESTEK Pinnacle II phenyl column (5 µm, 250 × 4.6 mm) and Pinnacle II phenyl (5 µm, 10 × 4 mm) guard cartridge using a mobile phase consisting of methanol –0.1% phosphoric acid (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate 2 mL●min–1, and the column oven temperature was set at 50°C. The UV detector was time programmed at 302 nm and 289 nm for the internal standard (I.S.) and fenofibrate, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of fenofibrate and its degradation product in the laboratory-prepared mixture and in pharmaceutical formulation. The assay results obtained using the bivariate method were statistically compared to those of the HPLC method and good agreement was observed.
The effect of estradiol valerate and dienogest combination on serum homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women: A clinical trial

Several studies have verified that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has protective effects on postmenopausal women's cardiovascular condition. However, highly significant recent studies have reported that women treated with HRT have more cardiovascular events than untreated women. An elevated homocysteine level is one important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a good indicator of CVD risk, we examined the changes in plasma homocysteine levels of postmenopausal women treated with HRT. In our study, we administered estradiol valerate (2 mg) and dionegest (2 mg) to 34 postmenopausal women recruited randomly from our menopause clinic, and measured plasma homocysteine levels of patients at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of therapy. The changes in plasma homocysteine levels of treated patients were not statistically significant (p = 0.241). Our results indicate that 6 months of estradiol valerate and dionegest therapy does not change homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women.
Susceptibility and Selectivity of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Different Cry Toxins

ABSTRACT Effectiveness of four Cry toxins (Cry1Ac, Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, and Cry1C) on Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), collected from paddy fields in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China, was evaluated in the laboratory. Bioassays showed that C. medinalis had different susceptibilities against four Cry toxins. The LC50 values of Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, Cry1Aa, and Cry1C against C. medinalis were 0.405, 1.111, 1.939, and 1.246 µg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the mortality of C. medinalis against different Cry toxins showed different results over time and LT50 values of Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, Cry1Aa, and Cry1C against C. medinalis were 1.5, 2.3, 1.6, and 2.2 d, respectively. Preference of the larvae to Cry toxins revealed that C. medinalis larvae had no significant feeding preference on leaves without Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae; [Bt]) toxin compared with those containing Bt toxin. However, different Cry toxins had different attractive abilities to C. medinalis larvae. During 8 h after infestation, C. medinalis larvae preferred the leaves with Cry1Ab (22.4–27.6%) over those with Cry1Ac or Cry1C.
Chapter 1 Alternative Foods — Marketing Perspectives on the Production and Distribution Systems

Most societal and environmental challenges that humanity is currently facing relate to unsustainable consumption patterns and lifestyles. This unsustainability is sup‐ ported by consumerism and producerism that have high interests for fierce produc‐ tivity. This study presents a supply-demand marketing perspective based on the current literature and current market realities. Local food production and consump‐ tion are topics gaining much attention in academic marketing research and market‐ ing practice. Local food systems regenerate the relationships between producers and consumers. A mixed design is used to assess the added values of the produc‐ tion and distribution systems in Canada. On one hand the supply side situation was assessed by conducting personal in-depth interviews with alternative food produc‐ ers and market intermediaries. On the other hand, a survey was administered to lo‐ cal food consumers to assess their consumption patterns. Findings show that producers/farmers have a number of positive outcomes. Intrinsic values such as taste, quality and freshness, nutrition and health, are very important to the consum‐ er both for local food products in general and local organic foods products in partic‐ ular. Further, it is determined that price is important but not determinant of local foods purchase. Further, consumers’ issues and concerns over conventional food products are determinant factors when purchasing local food products. It is also im‐ portant to realize that consumers may not fully understand the meaning of locally produced food. © 2015 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Public Participation Geographic Information Systems: A Literature Review and Framework

Abstract Public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) pertains to the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to broaden public involvement in policymaking as well as to the value of GIS to promote the goals of nongovernmental organizations, grassroots groups, and community-based organizations. The article first traces the social history of PPGIS. It then argues that PPGIS has been socially constructed by a broad set of actors in research across disciplines and in practice across sectors. This produced and reproduced concept is then explicated through four major themes found across the breadth of the PPGIS literature: place and people, technology and data, process, and outcome and evaluation. The themes constitute a framework for evaluating current PPGIS activities and a roadmap for future PPGIS research and practice.
Ursachenanalyse von marketingbedingten IST-SOLL-Deckungsbeitragsabweichungen

In meinem Aufsatz "Ein System zur IST-SOLL-Atweichurigs-Ursachenanalyse von Erlosen" und in meiner Entgegnung auf einen Diskussionsbeitrag von Powelz dazu habe ich in dieser Zeitschrift die These vertreten, das die durch die traditionelle Erlos-Abweichungsanalyse errechneten Preis- und Mengeneffekte wenig Aussagekraft besitzen, da sie nur Symptome, nicht aber Abweichungsursachen beschreiben. Im Unterschied zu Kostenakweichungen sind bei Erlosen der Preis- und Mengeneffekt namlich nicht unabhangig, sondern funktional abhangig voneinander. Deshalb habe ich empfehlen, die Erlosatweichungs-Ursachenanalyse auf der Basis der bei der Festlegung der SOLL-Werte unterstellten Absatzreaktionsfunktion durchzufuhren. Dazu habe ich eine Funktion vorgeschlagen, in der der Marktanteil vom Relativen Preis in bezug auf die Branche abhangt. Dadurch ist es moglich, externe Marktvolumen- und Branchenpreis-Effekte von intern verursachten Erlosabweichungen wie mangelnde Planrealisation oder veranderte Marketing-Effektivitat zu trennen. Noch hilfreicher fur den Marketing-Controller ware es, wenn die Erlosanalyse nicht nur Aussagen uber die Vorteilhaftigkeit der realisierten Preispolitik, sondern auch Informationen uber die jeweilige Effektivitat der anderen eingesetzten Marketing-Instrumente bereitstellt. Ein solches Analyseinstrument ist allerdings auf Erlosebene unzweckmasig, da erst die Kosten der Marketing-Instrumente im Vergleich zum damit erzielten Umsatz daruber entscheiden, ob sich einzelne Marketing-Masnahmen als vorteilhaft erweisen. Es ist deshalb erforderlich, Deckungsbeitragsabweichungen zu analysieren, allerdings nur marketingbedingte, da die Deckungsbeitragsauswirkungen von produktions- und logistikbedingten Kostenabweichungen bereits Gegenstand eines Kosten-Controlling sind .
Not just about sunburn – the ozone hole's profound effect on climate has significant implications for Southern Hemisphere ecosystems

Climate scientists have concluded that stratospheric ozone depletion has been a major driver of Southern Hemisphere climate processes since about 1980. The implications of these observed and modelled changes in climate are likely to be far more pervasive for both terrestrial and marine ecosystems than the increase in ultraviolet‐B radiation due to ozone depletion; however, they have been largely overlooked in the biological literature. Here, we synthesize the current understanding of how ozone depletion has impacted Southern Hemisphere climate and highlight the relatively few documented impacts on terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Reviewing the climate literature, we present examples of how ozone depletion changes atmospheric and oceanic circulation, with an emphasis on how these alterations in the physical climate system affect Southern Hemisphere weather, especially over the summer season (December–February). These potentially include increased incidence of extreme events, resulting in costly floods, drought, wildfires and serious environmental damage. The ecosystem impacts documented so far include changes to growth rates of South American and New Zealand trees, decreased growth of Antarctic mosses and changing biodiversity in Antarctic lakes. The objective of this synthesis was to stimulate the ecological community to look beyond ultraviolet‐B radiation when considering the impacts of ozone depletion. Such widespread changes in Southern Hemisphere climate are likely to have had as much or more impact on natural ecosystems and food production over the past few decades, than the increased ultraviolet radiation due to ozone depletion.
Virtual environments at work: ongoing use of MUDs in the workplace

In recent years much attention has been paid to network-based, distributed environments like text-based MUDs and MOOs for supporting collaborative work. Such environments offer a shared virtual world in which interactions can take place irrespective of the actual physical proximity or distance of interactants. Although these environments have proven successful within social, recreational and educational domains, few data have been reported concerning use of such systems in the workplace. In this paper we summarize in-depth interviews with 8 MUDders from a software research and development community where a MUD has been operational and actively used for a number of years. The interviews suggest that the MUD fills a valuable communication niche for this workgroup, being used both synchronously and asynchronously to enable the establishment of new contacts and the maintenance of existing contacts. These observations are discussed in the context of the organization under study.