Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Exploration Mode, Orientation, and Configuration on the Haptic Müller-Lyer Illusion

We studied the impact of manner of exploration, orientation, spatial position, and configuration on the haptic Müller-Lyer illusion. Blindfolded sighted subjects felt raised-line Müller-Lyer and control stimuli. The stimuli were felt by tracing with the index finger, free exploration, grasping with the index finger and thumb, or by measuring with the use of any two or more fingers. For haptic judgments of extent a sliding tangible ruler was used. The illusion was present in all exploration conditions, with overestimation of the wings-out compared to wings-in stimuli. Tracing with the index finger reduced the magnitude of the illusion. However, tracing and grasping induced an overall underestimation of size. The illusion was greatly attenuated when stimuli were felt with the index fingers of both hands. Illusory misperception was not altered by the position in space of the Müller-Lyer stimuli. No effects of changes in the thickness of the line shaft were found, but there were effects of the length of the wing endings for the smaller, 5.1 cm stimuli. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Genexpression asthmarelevanter Gene während der Akute-Phase-Reaktion bei Leistungssportlern in Abhängigkeit von der Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit

Das belastungsinduzierte Asthma ist weiterhin ein ungelostes Problem vor allem im Hochleistungssport. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass ca. 10-15 % der Olympiateilnehmer ein Exercise-induced-asthma (EIA) beklagen und das bis zu 50 % der Kaltwetter-Athleten respiratorische Symptome in Verbindung mit einer entsprechenden Reduktion des FEV1 (Einsekundenkapazitat) nach Belastung angeben, was definitionsgemas einem EIA entspricht (Storms, 1999, 2003). Dabei haben diese Athleten nur teilweise eine asthmatische Vorgeschichte, ein guter Teil klagt dagegen ausschlieslich uber eine belastungsabhangige Problematik. Verschiedene Ursachen werden fur das EIA verantwortlich gemacht, u. a. vaskulare und osmotische Veranderungen, wie auch die Wiedererwarmung der Atemwege. Zunehmende Bedeutung wird aber auch inflammatorischen Transmittern zugeschrieben, dabei insbesondere den Leukotrienen und dem Histamin (Anderson & Kippelen, 2005). Dabei ist allerdings wenig uber die belastungsinduzierte genregulatorische Ebene bei diesen Transmittern bekannt und inwieweit der individuelle ausdauerspezifische Trainingszustand hierauf einen Einfluss nimmt.
The influence of context on Tibetan Lhasa speech synthesis

This paper studies the influence factor on HMM-based Tibetan Lhasa speech synthesis. In order to find the key factor which makes the most contribution to improve the synthesized Tibetan Lhasa speech, we synthesize Tibetan Lhasa speech by different context labeling and different number of training sentences with different speech synthesis unit, respectively. We build two Tibetan Lhasa speech corpora which respectively containing 800 sentences and 2000 sentences. The context labeling was built by manual work. One of the speech synthesis units is the initial and the final, another is syllable. The result shows that no matter what speech synthesis unit, the quality of synthesized speech by detailed contexts with 700 training sentences is higher than by rough contexts with 1600 training sentences. It means that in order to improve the quality of synthesized speech, the better way is to build a more detail context labeling than record more sentence.
Effect of heparin binding on Helicobacter pylori resistance to serum.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of heparin binding to Helicobacter pylori cells on their survival in the presence of fresh rabbit serum with or without active complement components. Three H. pylori strains were compared and the amounts of heparin added reflected the physiological concentrations that can be found in animal tissues. No growth of H. pylori was noted in the presence of serum. Serum with or without active complement produced a reduction in c.f. u. for strains SPM 326, CCUG 17874(T) and SS1. However, addition of heparin resulted in increased survival of bacterial cells in serum with or without active complement. It appears that heparin binding to H. pylori can prevent bacterial cell death due to the alternative complement system. Heparin binding could also protect from heated serum (complement-inactivated), indicating protection from other serum components besides complement. In vivo, the process of heparin binding could possibly result in facilitated colonization due to a higher survival rate.
Medial temporal lobe activation during context-dependent relational processes in episodic retrieval: an fMRI study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Previous studies have reported that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures contribute to the processing of relations among multiple stimuli in episodic encoding. There have been few studies, however, on the episodic retrieval requiring processing of relations among multiple components that was involved in our events. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural activities during the retrieval of relations within an organized episode and the recognition of an episodic component. Healthy, normal participants memorized 50 four-scene comic strips before fMRI scanning. In the retrieval phase with fMRI scanning, participants were engaged in three tasks: a visual identification (VI) task, a story recall (SR) task, and a picture recognition (PRe) task. In the VI task, participants were asked to judge whether they could identify at least one female character in the two scenes presented vertically. In the SR task, participants were shown the first and last scenes from strips memorized previously and asked to judge whether or not the two scenes were from the same strip. In the PRe task, participants were shown two scenes and asked to judge whether they both belonged to the memorized scenes. The two contrasts of SR with VI and PRe with VI demonstrated some commonly activated areas, such as the bilateral middle frontal gyrus and cerebellum. More importantly, the SR task differentially activated the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, whereas the PRe task differentially activated right prefrontal areas, including the inferior frontal and precentral gyri. The results suggest that the activity of the MTL structures may be strongly associated with episodic memory retrieval requiring context-dependent relational processing.
Flexible Methodenintegration in anpassbare Vorgehensmodelle

Ein Vorgehensmodell definiert Vorgaben zur Planung, Steuerung und Durchfuhrung von Softwareentwicklungsprojekten. Existierende Vorgehensmodellstandards konnen danach unterschieden werden, ob sie eine in Projekten anzuwendende Methodik starr vorgeben (methodenspezifisch) oder ob sie methodenneutral sind. Jede Organisation steht bei der Einfuhrung eines Vorgehensmodells somit vor der Wahl zwischen mangelnder Anpassbarkeit oder mangelnder methodischer Unterstutzung des gewahlten Vorgehensmodells. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Erweiterung von Vorgehens-Metamodellen um ein Metamodell zur flexiblen Integration von Methoden. Dazu wird eine Definition und Klassifikation von Methoden sowie eine formale Beschreibung von Methoden und ihrer Schnittstelle zu Vorgehensmodellen erarbeitet. Dies wird in Form eines Metamodells formalisiert. Mit diesem Ansatz werden die Vorteile methodenneutraler und methodenspezifischer Vorgehensmodelle geeignet kombiniert.
Cutaneous adverse reactions to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid suspension in children: the role of sodium benzoate.

BACKGROUND In Europe amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic and sodium benzoate is contained in the suspension formulation as a preservative. OBJECTIVE We studied the relevance of sodium benzoate as the culprit agent. In a group of children with a history of adverse reactions to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid suspension. STUDY DESIGN A total of 89 children were enrolled over a period of 3 years (2006 - 2009). Single blind oral provocation tests (OPTs) with amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, sodium benzoate and placebo were performed. 20 children with recurrent idiopathic urticaria were investigated as a control group. RESULTS according to personal history: 70% of reactions were late in developing while 23% of reactions were immediate and for 5% of the cases it was not possible to define the timing. 8 children (8/89=9%) resulted positive to the provocation tests with amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid; ten children (10/89=11%) had positive results with sodium benzoate; 3% had a double positivity (i.e. excipient and active drug). The timing of reactions significantly differs between the Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid and sodium benzoate groups (p=0.002). CONCLUSION Sodium benzoate probably acts through a non-immunologic mechanism and care should be given to children allergic to sodium benzoate containing pharmaceutical formulations.
The STRATAA study protocol: a programme to assess the burden of enteric fever in Bangladesh, Malawi and Nepal using prospective population census, passive surveillance, serological studies and healthcare utilisation surveys

Introduction Invasive infections caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A are estimated to account for 12–27 million febrile illness episodes worldwide annually. Determining the true burden of typhoidal Salmonellae infections is hindered by lack of population-based studies and adequate laboratory diagnostics. The Strategic Typhoid alliance across Africa and Asia study takes a systematic approach to measuring the age-stratified burden of clinical and subclinical disease caused by typhoidal Salmonellae infections at three high-incidence urban sites in Africa and Asia. We aim to explore the natural history of Salmonella transmission in endemic settings, addressing key uncertainties relating to the epidemiology of enteric fever identified through mathematical models, and enabling optimisation of vaccine strategies. Methods/design Using census-defined denominator populations of ≥100 000 individuals at sites in Malawi, Bangladesh and Nepal, the primary outcome is to characterise the burden of enteric fever in these populations over a 24-month period. During passive surveillance, clinical and household data, and laboratory samples will be collected from febrile individuals. In parallel, healthcare utilisation and water, sanitation and hygiene surveys will be performed to characterise healthcare-seeking behaviour and assess potential routes of transmission. The rates of both undiagnosed and subclinical exposure to typhoidal Salmonellae (seroincidence), identification of chronic carriage and population seroprevalence of typhoid infection will be assessed through age-stratified serosurveys performed at each site. Secondary attack rates will be estimated among household contacts of acute enteric fever cases and possible chronic carriers. Ethics and dissemination This protocol has been ethically approved by the Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee, the icddr,b Institutional Review Board, the Malawian National Health Sciences Research Committee and College of Medicine Research Ethics Committee and Nepal Health Research Council. The study is being conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice. Informed consent was obtained before study enrolment. Results will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. Trial registration number ISRCTN 12131979. Ethics references Oxford (Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee 39-15). Bangladesh (icddr,b Institutional Review Board PR-15119). Malawi (National Health Sciences Research Committee 15/5/1599). Nepal (Nepal Health Research Council 306/2015).
Compulsive personality as predictor of response to serotoninergic antidepressants.

Engl 7Mcd 1986;314:222-5. 38 Nagulesparan MN1, Savage PJ. Unger R, Bennett PH. A simplified method tising somatostatiii to assess in vivo insulin resistance over a range of' obesitY. Diabetes 1979;28:980-3. 39 Luft R, WX'ajngot A, Efenidic S. On the pathogenesis of maturitv onset diahetes. Diabetes Care 198X ;4:58-63. 41) DeFroiuzo RA. The triumvirate: beta-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible fotr NI DDMNI. Diabetes 1988;37:667-87. 41 Haffner SMS, Stern MP, Hazuda Hi', Mitchell BC, Patterson JK. Increased insulin concentrations in nondiabetic offspring of diabetic parents. VEng7l71ed 1988;319:1297-391. 42 Lundgren H, B1iirkman L, Keiding 1', Ltulndmark S, Bengtssoni C. D)iabetes in patients with hypertension receiving pharmacological treatmnent. 1.317 1988;297: 1512. 43 Pollare T, Lithell H, Selinus I, Berne C. Sensitivity to insulin during trcatment with atenolol and metoprolol: a randomised, double blind study of'et'l'ects Oil carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in hypertensive patients. BAt] 1989;298: 1152-7. 44 Pollare T, LithclIH, Berne C. A comparison of'the effects ofhvdrohlorthiazide and captopril on gltucose and lipid metabolism in patients with hypertension. NEngIjA.ted 1989;321:868-71.
Preliminary design of a whole-arm manipulation system (WAMS)

An approach to manipulation that uses all the available manipulation surfaces of the robot to act on and sense the environment is outlined. The kinematic, mechanism, actuation, and control implications of such a design are discussed and initial experimentation with a prototype mechanism are described. A three-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator using a number of the resulting design concepts is described. <<ETX>>
Note on entanglement entropy and regularization in holographic interface theories

We discuss the computation of holographic entanglement entropy for interface conformal field theories. The fact that globally well-defined Fefferman-Graham coordinates are difficult to construct makes the regularization of the holographic theory challenging. We introduce a simple new cutoff procedure, which we call “double cutoff” regularization. We test the new cutoff procedure by comparing the results for holographic entanglement entropies using other cutoff procedures and find agreement. We also study three dimensional conformal field theories with a two dimensional interface. In that case the dual bulk geometry is constructed using warped geometry with an AdS3 factor. We define an effective central charge to the interface through the Brown-Henneaux formula for the AdS3 factor. We investigate two concrete examples, showing that the same effective central charge appears in the computation of entanglement entropy and governs the conformal anomaly.
Control of a pest population.

Consider a population of individuals in some habitat. When the existence of this population in the habitat is damaging in some sense, one is faced with the problem of controlling the growth of the population within that habitat. Such control action involves cost due to labour, materials, risk, etc. and it is therefore necessary to weigh the damage done by the 'pests' against the cost of the control action and so choose a suitable level at which to apply the control. The amount of damage done by the pest population at any time generally depends on the size of the population at that time, which in turn depends on the initial number of pests, their birth and death rates, and their rates of migration to and from the habitat. These factors are therefore aimed at in any control of the pest population. In particular, pests in a field might be destroying a crop and the control action might consist of treating the field or part of it with chemicals, fencing, spraying the crop, or some other means of 'removing' the pests. The cost is the sum of that due to the loss of crop and that due to the labour and materials of the control action. Alternatively, the pests may be intermediate vectors in the spread of an epidemic, e.g. mosquitoes spreading malaria, in which case the habitat is that in which the susceptibles abide, and the possible control actions are similar to the above, i.e. spraying with insecticides, etc. In an epidemic spread by the infectives or carriers in a large population, the 'pests' are the infectives or carriers, and the control might be to increase the rate of removal of infectives or to inoculate part of the population. The damage due to the epidemic involves a cost when the disease causes the death of hosts or stops hosts from being productive for any period of time. For human hosts, assessing the cost of permanent physical damage, including death, poses ethical problems, but unfortunately these often need to be faced. On the
The MEK1–ERK1/2 signaling pathway promotes compensated cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice

Members of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade such as extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 are implicated as important regulators of cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth in culture. However, the role that individual MAPK pathways play in vivo has not been extensively evaluated. Here we generated nine transgenic mouse lines with cardiac‐restricted expression of an activated MEK1 cDNA in the heart. MEK1 transgenic mice demonstrated concentric hypertrophy without signs of cardiomyopathy or lethality up to 12 months of age. MEK1 transgenic mice showed a dramatic increase in cardiac function, as measured by echocardiography and isolated working heart preparation, without signs of decompensation over time. MEK1 transgenic mice and MEK1 adenovirus‐infected neonatal cardiomyocytes each demonstrated ERK1/2, but not p38 or JNK, activation. MEK1 transgenic mice and MEK1 adenovirus‐infected cultured cardiomyocytes were also partially resistant to apoptotic stimuli. The results of the present study indicate that the MEK1–ERK1/2 signaling pathway stimulates a physiologic hypertrophy response associated with augmented cardiac function and partial resistance to apoptotsis.
Treatment of Recurrent Urosepsis with Tigecycline: a Pharmacological Perspective

In the February 2008 issue of Journal of Clinical Microbiology , Krueger et al. reported the successful use of tigecycline in a 25-year-old female with septic shock and multiorgan failure caused by an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strain originating from the right
A MIMO antenna with built-in isolation for WLAN USB dongle applications

A novel couple-fed dual-bands MIMO antenna is proposed for WLAN 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz bands. The MIMO antenna system consists of two parallel folded branch monopoles with an edge-to-edge separation of 0.2 mm. The antenna elements are printed on an FR4 substrate and are located at the top edge of the ground plane. Size of the antenna is 20 mm (W) × 11 mm (L). The isolation is achieved by introducing a round off-set structure at the end of the coupled feeding-line. Measured results show that antennas have good impedance matching and port isolation. Since we have not introduced any isolation enhancing structure, the MIMO antenna appeared to have a built-in decoupling mechanism. When one end was fed, the current distributions on the other feed line was reduced in magnitude by a self generated counter current occur at the round off-set structure area. That is, the self generated counter current has contributed the needed isolation between the two antennas. The results suggest that the proposed novel simple, compact antenna structure has indeed attained good isolation characteristics required for MIMO operations. Moreover, the antenna is easy to fabricate and suitable for applications at the 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz bands.
LA DESORIENTATION SPATIALE EN AERONAUTIQUE : Apport des Neurosciences intégratives à la conception des postes de pilotage

Les episodes de desorientation spatiale forment une source importante d'accidents en aeronautique. Pour lutter contre ces phenomenes, il est necessaire de comprendre les proprietes des systemes sensoriels impliques dans la perception de l'orientation spatiale, afin d'adapter au mieux l'instrumentation de bord. Le cadre general du present manuscrit fait l'etat des connaissances actuelles relatives a la desorientation spatiale. Il presente egalement certains des mecanismes fondamentaux de l'integration multisensorielle dans le domaine de l'orientation spatiale, en relation avec l'ergonomie sensorielle des postes de pilotages. Les travaux experimentaux qui suivent s'interessent tout d'abord a l'influence d'un cadre visuel dont la caracteristique est d'etre solidaire de l'orientation de la tete, sur la perception de la verticale. Les resultats suggerent principalement le role fondamental du referentiel cephalocentre dans le traitement des informations visuelles orientees. Les repercutions potentielles de ces resultats sur la conception des afficheurs de casque, utilises dans les aeronefs, sont envisagees. Une seconde partie experimentale s'interesse aux effets de la stimulation galvanique vestibulaire sur la perception de l'orientation spatiale, avec la perspective d'inclure ce type de stimulation dans les postes de pilotage. Il est montre que cette technique de stimulation influence la verticale subjective, quelle que soit la modalite sensorielle impliquee. De plus, les stimulations de l'appareil vestibulaire induisent des effets clairement dissocies sur la verticale subjective, d'une part, et sur la perception de l'orientation du corps, d'autre part. Ces resultats sont mis en rapport avec les modeles actuels de l'orientation spatiale.
HIV, hepatitis C and HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection in vulnerable populations

Objective:To describe basic patient demographic and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected and HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-co-infected patients receiving care in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) with a focus on some patient factors that place such patients at an increased risk of poor health outcomes. Design:An observational retrospective cohort study. Methods:The study cohort consisted of veterans in the VA Immunology Case Registry who received care in the VA in 2002. Results:Of 18 349 HIV-infected patients, 6782 (37.0%) were HCV seropositive. Compared with HIV-alone-infected patients, HIV/HCV-co-infected patients were older, more likely to be men, more likely to be black or Hispanic, and more likely to report intravenous drug use as a risk factor for HIV acquisition. HIV/HCV-co-infected patients were more likely to have diagnoses of mental health illness, depression, alcohol abuse, substance abuse and hard drug abuse compared with HIV-alone-infected patients. Co-infected patients were less likely to have a history of an AIDS opportunistic infection ever and were less likely to have received HIV antiretroviral drugs in 2002. Conclusion:The VA's HIV and HIV/HCV-co-infected patient populations have very high rates of additional comorbid conditions that complicate both the pharmacological therapy and clinical course of both HIV and HCV infections. Given the overlap in viral illness and comorbidities, optimal models of integrated care need to be developed for populations with HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV co-infection and who need substance abuse treatment or mental healthcare.
Review: Understanding Analysis. Springer, New York, NY, xii + 257 pp., 2001, ISBN 978-0-367-95060-0, $54.95 by Stephen Abbott; Real Mathematical Analysis. Springer, New York, NY, xi + 437 pp., 2002, ISBN 978-0-387-95297-0, $64.95 by Charles Chapman Pugh

Understanding Analysis. Springer, New York, NY, xii + 257 pp., 2001, ISBN 978-0-367-95060-0, $54.95 by Stephen Abbott; Real Mathematical Analysis. Springer, New York, NY, xi + 437 pp., 2002, ISBN 978-0-387-95297-0, $64.95 by Charles Chapman Pugh Review by: Jeffrey Nunemacher The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 118, No. 2 (February 2011), pp. 186-189 Published by: Mathematical Association of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor. org/stable/10.4169/amer.math.monthly.118. 02.186 . Accessed: 27/03/2013 20:18