Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absorption-based algorithm of primary production for total and size-fractionated phytoplankton in coastal waters

Most satellite models of production have been designed and calibrated for use in the open ocean. Coastal waters are optically more complex, and the use of chlorophyll a (chl a) as a first-order predictor of primary production may lead to substantial errors due to significant quan- tities of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and total suspended material (TSM) within the first optical depth. We demonstrate the use of phytoplankton absorption as a proxy to estimate pri- mary production in the coastal waters of the North Sea and Western English Channel for both total, micro- and nano+pico-phytoplankton production. The method is implemented to extrapolate the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton and production at the sea surface to depth to give inte- grated fields of total and micro- and nano+pico-phytoplankton primary production using the peak in absorption coefficient at red wavelengths. The model is accurate to 8% in the Western English Channel and 22% in this region and the North Sea. By comparison, the accuracy of similar chl a based production models was >250%. The applicability of the method to autonomous optical sen- sors and remotely sensed aircraft data in both coastal and estuarine environments is discussed.
How do swimming ability and behaviour affect the dispersal of coral larvae

Most marine larvae have a free-swimming phase before settling. This phase could be important for retention, dispersal, and connectivity. It was thought that coral larvae swimming capabilities were so poor that currents advected them. Nowadays it is accepted that coral larvae have some ability to control their position. This study describes, from laboratory observations, the swimming capabilities and changes in swimming behaviour with age of Montastraea annularis and M. faveolata larvae, and how these might promote or hinder dispersal. Three larvae from each species were observed and their position, swimming velocity, and behaviour were recorded every five minutes. GLM ANOVA was used to determine the effects of age on velocity and depth. To determine the effect of age on larvae behaviour a binomial logistic regression analysis was performed. The results show the capability of larvae to alternate swimming pattern, velocity and depth which enables them to explore suitable substrata for settlement. This capability can be used to control their position in the water column, and reduce or increase dispersal. Additionally, we found, for the first time 1) swimming velocity and depth varied with age for M. annularis; and, 2) the probability of settlement increased with age for both species.
PRICE-REVIEWING STRATEGIES USING FIRM-LEVEL DATA *

In this regard, an important conclusion that emerges from the literature is that fi rms differ from each other with respect to their price-reviewing or price-setting strategies, and that the different strategies are all widespread in the economy.1 A second important conclusion is that the effects of monetary policy may depend crucially on the underlying mechanism of fi rms’ price adjustment, namely on whether fi rms follow state-dependent or time-dependent price-setting rules.2 Understanding the factors that lie behind fi rms’ choice of different price-reviewing strategies is thus an issue of paramount importance.
Evolution problems for a class of dissipative materials

This work examines the problems of dynamic and quasi-static evolution for a large class of dissipative materials, including viscoplastic, viscoelastic, and elastic perfectly plastic materials. We show that when the potential of dissipation is regular, the displacement solution is regular; however, in the case of perfect plasticity, where the potential is irregular, the solution can be discontinuous. A suitable framework is used in order to account for these discontinuities. Existence theorems are stated, and the boundary conditions are discussed. The evolution equations encountered in this work are strongly nonlinear but with a monotone time-dependent nonlinearity. A direct method of resolution is proposed, since the known results do not apply in this case.
Status of some Trace Elements in Type-2 Diabetic Patients and its Relationship with Lipid Profile

Investigation of the serum level of copper, zinc, magnesium and manganese in type-2 diabetes mellitus and their possible association with lipid profile was carried out. The comparative study included 100 type-2 diabetic patients in Gr-II and 100 non-diabetic as control in (Gr-I). Results indicated that there is a significant lower level (p < .001) of serum Zn, Cu, Mg and Mn in diabetic patients compared with the control group, showing p value < . 001. In type-2 DM patients (Gr-II) there were significant correlations between serum Zn and TAG (r = 0.209) and between Zn and HDL-C level (r = .199) showing p value <. 05. Non significant relationships were found in between Zn and lipid profile (TAG, Cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C) of control (Gr-I) group. Significant correlation was found between serum magnesium and TAG of control (Gr-I) where p < . 01 and non significant correlations were found in serum Mg and total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C of both type-2 diabetic (Gr-II) and control (Gr-I). Significant correlations were also found in between serum of Cu and Mn and TAG of control (Gr-I) where p < . 05 and non significant correlations were found in other component of lipid profile of both cases (Gr-II) and control (Gr-I). Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 1, 79-85, 2016
A Lie Algebraic and Numerical Investigation of the Black-Scholes Equationwith Heston Volatility Model

This work deals with an extension of the Black-Scholes model for rating options with the Heston volatility model. A Lie-algebraic analysis of this equation is applied to reduce its order and compute some of its solutions. As a result of this method, a five-parameter family of solutions is obtained. Though, these solutions do not match the terminal and boundary conditions, they can be used for the validation of numerical schemes.
FSD-HSO Optimization Algorithm for Closed Fringes Interferogram Demodulation

Due to the physical nature of the interference phenomenon, extracting the phase of an interferogram is a known sinusoidal modulation problem. In order to solve this problem, a new hybrid mathematical optimization model for phase extraction is established. The combination of frequency guide sequential demodulation and harmony search optimization algorithms is used for demodulating closed fringes patterns in order to find the phase of interferogram applications. The proposed algorithm is tested in four sets of different synthetic interferograms, finding a range of average relative error in phase reconstructions of 0.14–0.39 rad. For reference, experimental results are compared with the genetic algorithm optimization technique, obtaining a reduction in the error up to 0.1448 rad. Finally, the proposed algorithm is compared with a very known demodulation algorithm, using a real interferogram, obtaining a relative error of 1.561 rad. Results are shown in patterns with complex fringes distribution.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF RICE VARIETIES AND LANDRACES BASED ON SSR MARKERS

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the staple food crop for more than 60% of the world’s population and about 90% of all rice grown in the world is produced and consumed in Asia (http://www.rice-trade.com/world-wide-rice-production.html). Plant uniformity, which can be resulted by the use of modern plant breeding techniques, can produce plants, which are more efficient by means of different goals including enhanced resistance under stress, however much more research must be performed to indicate the most optimized methods that can be used for the production of efficient plants. This is of significance for the production of food forth world increasing population (Fu & Somers, 2009; Khodadadiet al., 2011). Accordingly, the increased attention to the production of resistant plant species for prolonged food production under different conditions indicates the necessity of performing breeding experiments (Martin et al., 2008; Khodadadi et al., 2011). One of the important approaches to rice breeding is hybridization and subsequent selection. Parent’s choice is the first step in plant breeding program through hybridization. In order to benefit transgressive segregation, genetic distance between parents is necessary. It has also become a model organism for genome analysis, having a diploid chromosome number of 24 and the smallest genome size of all major crop plants of 430 MB (Dipaliet al., 2014), significant level of genetic polymorphism (McCouchet al., 1998; Tanksley, 1989; Wang et al., 1992), large amount of well conserved genetically diverse material (approximately 100,000 accessions of rice germplasm worldwide) and the availability of widely collected, compatible wild species.In India, rice is grown in diverse ecological niches and occupies about 45 million hectares. With the advent of neoapproaches of plant breeding and careful utilization of the traditional techniques, several high yielding varieties (HYVs) were developed and released. The impact HYVs on food production was dramatic, which led to the green revolution in the 1960s. A critical analysis of the genetic variability is a prerequisite for initiating any crop improvement programme and for adopting of appropriate selection techniques (Dhanwaniet al., 2013). Therefore, molecular characterization of the released varieties and landraces helps in developing the database based on which new varieties developed can be distinguished and the characterization. Molecular markers have proven to be powerful tools in the assessment of genetic variation and in the elucidation of genetic relationships within and among species. Several molecular markers viz. RFLP (Becker et al., 1995; Paran and Michelmore, 1993;), RAPD (Tingey and Deltufo, 1993; Williams et al., 1990), SSRs (Levinson and Gutman, 1987), ISSRs (Albani and Wilkinson, 1998; Blair et al., 1999), AFLP (Mackillet al., 1996; Thomas et al., 1995; Voset al., 1995; Zhu et al., 1998) and SNPs (Vieuxet al., 2002) are presently available to assess the variability and diver
SN 2017ein and the Possible First Identification of a Type Ic Supernova Progenitor

We have identified a progenitor candidate in archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images for the Type Ic supernova (SN Ic) SN 2017ein in NGC 3938, pinpointing the candidate’s location via HST Target of Opportunity imaging of the SN itself. This would be the first identification of a stellar-like object as a progenitor candidate for any SN Ic to date. We also present observations of SN 2017ein during the first ∼49 days since explosion. We find that SN 2017ein most resembles the well-studied SN Ic SN 2007gr. We infer that SN 2017ein experienced a total visual extinction of AV ≈ 1.0–1.9 mag, predominantly because of dust within the host galaxy. Although the distance is not well known, if this object is the progenitor, it was likely of high initial mass, ∼47–48 M⊙ if a single star, or ∼60–80 M⊙ if in a binary system. However, we also find that the progenitor candidate could be a very blue and young compact cluster, further implying a very massive (>65 M⊙) progenitor. Furthermore, the actual progenitor might not be associated with the candidate at all and could be far less massive. From the immediate stellar environment, we find possible evidence for three different populations; if the SN progenitor was a member of the youngest population, this would be consistent with an initial mass of ∼57 M⊙. After it has faded, the SN should be reobserved at high spatial resolution and sensitivity, to determine whether the candidate is indeed the progenitor.
Scoring Respiration When Using Directed Lie Comparison Questions

Recent research reports that respiration responses to directed lie comparison questions may not result in the expected shorter line excursion with innocent participants compared with responses to target stimuli. However, the implications for those physiological findings for numerical scoring are unexplored. We examined the impact of the use of the directed lie on numerical scores with new analyses of two existing data sets. We examined a set of 25 confirmed field cases from Honts and Raskin (1988) where directed lie and probable lie comparison questions were contrasted within subjects. We then examined data from 250 participants in an experiment (Honts & Reavy, 2009) that explores differences between examinations with directed or probable lie comparison questions. Our analyses failed to reveal any significant effects of directed lies on either Utah or Objective Scoring System, Version 2 numerical scores. Results showed that numerical scores differ significantly for guilty and innocent examinees using both probable and directed lie comparison questions. Results indicate the potential that examiners who use directed lie comparison questions may simply score them using certain standard numerical criteria. Continued research and interest in the directed lie comparison question is recommended.
Labour Standards Application along Value Chains in Ghana: Reality Check and Policy Option

Recent developments have weakened the power of trade unions as well as that of the state in all countries, irrespective of their unique circumstances. One such development has been the use of complex value chains in productions and these have diluted firms’ visibility in ways that make the inspection of labour standards even more difficult. With both the space and the need for alternative regulatory system created, there has been a growing trend in the proliferation of non-governmental systems as well as firms’ selfregulation along their value chains. Few studies have focused on the extent to which value chains can be used as a form of leverage for worker protection in developing countries like Ghana. By extracting qualitative data from a larger study and subjecting them to thematic analysis, the paper concludes that value chain relationships in the manufacturing sector of Ghana are generally not utilised to ensure labour standards application and that non-governmental regulation along value chains is not a reality. However, despite the weaknesses in governmental regulation, a viable option for labour standards monitoring, enforcement and governance can be achieved through a combination of voluntary initiatives by firms and enforcement by the state.
Barriers of pressurized irrigation development in shush city

In spite of the governmental supports and usage of tools such as loans, Shush city is one of Khuzestan provinces regions in which the pressurized irrigation is not developed. So the new irrigation methodsrejection causes were evaluated in a case study in 1388-89. A binary Logit model was used in this study. Regions farmers were evaluated in two groups of adopter and non-adopter of new methods. Because of the first groups limitation, the farmers information was collected through capitation from 11 farmers and the second groups information was gained through random sampling from 62 ones. Findings showed that non-ownership of the lands, smallness of the lands and the loan problems are the most important factors intercepting of new irrigation methods. In addition, education, under cultivation area, and land ownership, among the individual and agricultural characteristics, are some factors improving the development of pressurized irrigation.
Jatropha Curcas L. Biomass Waste and Its Utilization

Jatropha curcas L. is cultivated for its oil utilization as fuel feedstock. This main purpose is achieved with the biomass waste after oil extraction. The biomass wastes are leaf and stem from pruning, fruit hull, seed husk, and oily-cake. This paper discusses the utiliza- tion of the waste in order to achieve zero waste of jatropha and develop the jatropha utilizations. Jatropha waste is also utilized as fertilizer, briquettes, adsorbent, resin, and bioactive compost. It can also be utilized as feedstock for production of polymer composite, combustion for gasifier, biogas, liquid oil, and dye. These wide utilizations make jatropha very suitable for biofuel proposes.
Evolution of metal tolerance in higher plants

Evolution of tolerance to one or more metals enables plant species to colonise naturally metalenriched soils. In the phylogeny of angiosperms, the evolution of high metal tolerance is not homogeneously distributed over taxonomic groups and shows differences not only within a taxonomic group, but even among populations of the same species. Anthropogenic metal emissions have pressed plants from non-metalliferous soils to evolve de novo metal tolerances that are predominantly realised in grasses. In this review, information is presented on the evolution of metal tolerance in angiosperms, its time scale and its physiological consequences.
The continuous bioconversion of glycerol to 1,3-PD by using encapsulated C. freundii cells

The aim of the work was to decrease the costs of bioconversion process by using chip and simple chromatographic columns containing immobilized C. freundii cells during fermentation. The goal was also modification of medium to control of pH of process in these columns. The purpose of the study was also to ascertain the new systems of biopolymers used for encapsulation of bacterial cells. The stability of obtained membranes in different mediums has been examined. The waste glycerol conversion to 1,3-PD over continuous process has been analyzed as well. The results of the study showed that the double crosslinked alginate beads are better carriers than alginate capsules coated by chitosan during conversion of waste glycerol to 1,3-PD. Unfortunatrly these two kinds of capsules should not be used for continuous process and repeated bioconversions because of low mechanical properties of the beads. PDADMAC beads and modified (e.g. by additions) PDADMAC capsules should not be used for continuous and repeated bioconversions as well.
Novel “Enhanced-Cognition” RFID Architectures on Organic/Paper Low-Cost Substrates Utilizing Inkjet Technologies

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of novel design and integration approaches for improved performance “enhanced-cognition” UHF passive and active radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. Antenna design rules are explained for a variety of applications. A strategy that is currently under development for embedding power sources and integration of sensors and integrated circuits (ICs) on low-cost organic substrates, such as liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and paper, enabling the use of inkjet-printing capability for the UHF frequency band, is discussed in the paper. The proposed technologies could potentially revolutionize RFID tags allowing for integrated sensing capabilities for various applications such as security, military, logistics, automotion, and pharmaceutics.
Weiterentwicklung der PSP-Technik und Erprobung an einem Windkanalmodell zur Erfassung kleiner Druckdifferenzen

Das PSP-Verfahren (Pressure Sensitive Paint) dient der beruhrungslosen Erfassung von Druckverteilungen, beispielsweise auf der Oberflache eines Flugzeugmodells im Windkanal. Es lassen sich mittels PSP nicht nur qualitative Druckbilder erstellen, sondern auch quantitative Absolutdruck-Meswerte an den gewunschten Modellpositionen erfassen und auswerten. Prinzipiell bietet sich dieses Verfahren somit als Erganzung bzw. Ersatz fur die heute ublichen, punktuellen Druckmessungen an. Die Empfinglichkeit des verwendeten optisches Sensors in Verbindung mit dem herkommlichen Datenerfassungs- und Auswertungssystem war bislang fur grose Druckunterschiede in transsonischen Stromungen ausgelegt. Die Anwendung des PSP-Verfahrens im Niedergeschwindigkeitsbereich erfordert zur Messung kleinere Druckdifferenzen eine Optimierung des Signal-Rausch-Abstandes fur das gesamte Messystem. Das modifizierte PSP-System unter Einsatz eines Zweikomponenten-PSP-Farbstoffs liefert Ergebnisse, mit denen bereits eine Druckauflosung bis zu 1 mbar gegenuber konventionellen PSI-Messungen zu erreichen ist.
Bone Marrow Fat as an Indicator of Condition in Roe Deer

A method for the estimation of bone marrow fat levels described by Neiland (1970) gave high correlations with results obtained by an organic solvent extraction. The method was used to indicate body condition in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) culled from two populations over four winters and from animals considered to be in poor condition at the time of death.
On Odd-Dimensional Fibred Knots Obtained by Plumbing and Twisting

Plumbing a Hopf band and doing a Stallings twist on the fibre-surface of a given classical fibred link are two powerful ways to produce other such links [6,15]. In fact Harer has shown that every classical fibred link can be constructed from the unknot using these two operations and their inverses. Melvin and Morton have proved using geometric arguments that there exist genus-two fibred classical knots that cannot be obtained by plumbing only (cf. [10]). We consider in this paper the analogue of these two operations for high odd-dimensional knots. For instance Durfee [3] has shown that all knots that arise as the link of an isolated singularity of a complex hypersurface are obtained by plumbing. For this purpose it is necessary to widen the usual definition of a (2k— l)-dimensional knot to include (k — 2)-connected (2k— l)-dimensional differentiable submanifolds N of S. A knot is called spherical if N is homeomorphic to £2fc-i jhg ciassicai concepts of Mink' and 'knot' correspond therefore in high dimensions to those of'knot' and 'spherical knot' respectively. This is the framework adopted in [3]. The use of the A-cobordism theorem is essential in many of the constructions so that we never consider 3-dimensional knots (that is, the case k = 2). We obtain in particular the following results. A simple high-dimensional fibred knot is obtained by plumbing if and only if it admits a unimodular triangular Seifert matrix (Proposition 2.4). Let / be an integer greater than 1 and let K be a (4/— l)-dimensional spherical knot obtained by plumbing with positive definite intersection form /; then /is an orthogonal sum of copies of the form F8 (Corollary 3.4). For every k ^ 3 there exist (2k— l)-dimensional spherical fibred knots of arbitrarily high genus that cannot be obtained by plumbing and twisting (Theorem 5.5). This result has the following classical counterpart. Either there are unimodular Seifert forms that cannot be realised by fibred classical knots or there are fibred knots that cannot be obtained by plumbing and twisting only. Finally we remark that the question whether all high-dimensional simple fibred knots are obtained by plumbing and deplumbing has an interesting formulation in terms of matrices, the answer to which we do not know.
Is Migration Good for an Economy? A Survey of the Main Economic Effects

Abstract This article surveys the main effects of labor migration between two countries. Against the background of high immigration to industrialized countries in recent years, notably to countries in Europe, the focus of the discussion is on the host country of the migrants. In the standard model of labor migration, there are overall benefits when wage differentials trigger labor migration. However, in the presence of externalities and deviations from the basic assumptions, the results can be significantly different.