Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ribbon Synapse Reformation: A Key Role for the Hearing Restoration; A Review

Background: Auditory sensory epithelium of mammals has two types of mechanosensory cells including the inner hair cells (IHC) and outer hair cells (OHC). IHC in the mammalian inner ear is an important component for the sound perception. Information about the frequency, intensity, and timing of acoustic signals is transmitted rapidly and precisely via ribbon synapses of the IHCs to the type 1 spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Even in the absence of stimulation, these synapses drive spontaneous spiking into the afferent neuron. Evidence has shown that cochlear neuropathy leading to hearing loss may be a result of the damage to ribbon synapses Aim: Here, we review how these synapses promote the rapid neurotransmitter release and sustained signal transmission. We also discuss the mechanisms involved in ribbon synapse reformation for hearing restoration. Conclusion: Although cochlear ribbon synapses fail to regenerate spontaneously when injured, recent studies have provided evidence for cochlear synaptogenesis that will be relevant to regenerative methods for cochlear neural loss. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying synaptic reformation would be helpful in achieving reversal of sensorineural hearing loss.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT KECUKUPAN GIZI (ENERGI, PROTEIN, VITAMIN A, VITAMIN C DAN ZAT BESI) DENGAN STATUS GIZI SANTRIWATI (Studi di Asrama Putri Pondok Pesantren Al Islam Kecamatan Sukomoro Kabupaten Nganjuk)

Moslem boarding school is a place where students study and also stay at dormitory that has been provided. The existence of the students of boarding school is not paid attention yet, no matter about health, environment, or food consumption, it resulted in student suffering from anemia and malnutrition is high enough. The objective of this research was intended to analyze the relationship between the level of sufficiency (energy, protein, vitamine A, vitamin C and iron essence) and nutrition status amongst the student in the Al – Islam Moeslim boarding school girl dormitory. This research was an analytic observational research, with cross sectional design. The research’s population were all student in the Al – Islam Moslem Boarding School girl dormitory. The research’s sample were 67 student in the girl dormitory. Data was collected by conducti ng interviews used questionnairs, weight and height measurement, and weighing the students’leftovers. Association among variables was tested by using statistical analysis spearmen test The results showed that most respondents had sufficient levels of nutrition deficit, to as much energy as 92.5% of respondents, 94.0% of respondents protein, vitamin C as much as 98.5% and 97.0% as much iron. As for sufficient levels of vitamin A majority (94.0%) of respondents in good categories. And for nutritional status, 88.1% of students had a normal nutritional status, 10.4% of students had a skinny nutritional status and only 1.5% of students had a obesity nutritional status. The results showed there were significant relation beetween protein and vitamin C sufficiency and nutritional status of students with p = 0,043 for the protein and p = 0,005 for the vitamin C. And there was no relation beetween energy sufficiency, vitamin A and iron essence with Nutritional status. It is essential that the consumption of food highing energy and protein should be increased by adding the portion or expand the variety of the food consumed
FATTY ACIDS PROFILE OF FRESH CHEESE PRODUCED IN AN INTENSIVE SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM IN THE TROPICS

Intensive silvopastoral systems are being increasingly disseminated in the tropical areas of Mexico, Central and South America, so it is important to know the quality of the animal products generated in these systems. Fatty acid profile of fresh soft cheese (Domiati type) produced from milk of cows grazing Leucaena leucocephala associated with Cynodon nlemfuensis in an intensive silvopastoral system (ISS) was evaluated and compared with a cheese produced from cows grazing a traditional monoculture system (MS) of C. nlemfuensis. The legume L. leucocephala contains phenolic compounds that could affect the fatty acid biohydrogenation in the rumen and therefore the fatty acid profile of resultant milk and cheese. Milk samples from cows in both diets (systems) were processed monthly for cheese making and cheese samples were analyzed for fatty acid profile. The experimental period lasted for 10 months covering the rainy and dry season of a tropical area in Mexico. The results showed that the cheese produced in ISS had significantly lower content (P<0.05) of the saturated fatty acids lauric, myristic and palmitic and significantly higher content (P<0.05) of stearic, linoleic and γ-linolenic acids. Additionally, higher content (P<0.05) of the polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids were found in the cheese from ISS. The results suggest that fresh soft cheese produced from silvopastoral systems based on L. leucocephala has a better fatty acid profile than that produced from the traditional MS with grass only.
The effectiveness of oral zinc supplementation in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy

The role of zinc in biochemical reactions in the human body and the need for sufficient intake of zinc have been known to science for long time. Zinc is a cofactor of more than 300 biochemical reactions, including those occurring in the liver. The human genome encodes about 3,000 zinc proteins. At least thirty proteins homeostatically control the vesicular accumulation and intracellular distribution of zinc, as well as the concentration of zinc ions (1). In 20% of patients with compensated and 50% of patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver, both quantitative and qualitative nutritional problems are observed (2). There is still not much work and recommendations on the diet of patients with hepatic encephalopathy in the modern doctor’s arsenal. A review of articles describing the effectiveness of adding zinc to the diet of patient with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy, as we know, has not been conducted yet. The purpose of this review is a detailed analysis of the available scientific data on the effectiveness of zinc in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and, if it is possible, the development of specific recommendations for medical practitioners, as well as identification of perspective directions for further researches.
Firm Organization in the Digital Age: IT Use and Vertical Transactions in U.S. Manufacturing

We investigate whether the organizational design of manufacturing production is sensitive to important advances in information technology (IT) – and under what conditions. Using U.S. Census Bureau data for over 5,600 plants from 1992 to 2002, we observe both specific uses of IT and whether plants outsource downstream value-chain activities or keep them within the firm. Taking advantage of the sudden introduction of the commercial internet in the mid-1990s and within-plant changes over this period, we find that externally-focused coordination over the internet was associated with a significant net shift towards market-based exchange. The magnitude of the response depends, however, on the pre-existing organization of internal production processes – which varies widely not only across, but also within firms. Moreover, the effects vary by the particular application(s) of general-purpose internet technology. By studying vertical integration at the level of transaction flows and considering important features of how production is organized inside firms, we surface new facets of the relationship between IT and firm organization in an increasingly digital age.
Can Commodity Price Uncertainty Indexes Be Improved by Capturing Media Information? The Case of Oil Price Uncertainty

Uncertainty indexes are used in economics to assess the uncertainty regarding economic policy, and in finance to quantify the uncertainty associated with the price volatility of financial instruments and commodities. Existing uncertainty indexes are typically constructed using realized (historical) price volatility, implied volatility when options are available, and conditional volatility using various econometric models. In this article, the authors present an improved commodity price uncertainty index, an oil price uncertainty index that includes information from news articles and social media. They demonstrate the superior performance of their new index compared with existing indexes that do not include news and social media information. They also create an oil price volatility forecasting model based on media coverage and use it to trade an oil volatility portfolio, obtaining a return that exceeds the average monthly growth of oil price volatility. Altogether, media coverage is a powerful predictor of future price volatility in the oil market. TOPICS: Volatility measures, performance measurement Key Findings • Media information from newspapers and Twitter about oil price uncertainty is combined with the existing OVX oil ETF volatility index to create a new oil price uncertainty index (OPUX). • The OPUX model gives a significantly better prediction of 1-month forward oil price volatility, as measured by an increase in R-squared from 12.1% for OVX to 33.0% for OPUX. • A volatility trading model based on OPUX exceeds the average oil price volatility by 0.29% per month.
Paneth and Stem Cells Are Not Affected During Initial Stages of Acute Cellular Rejection in Small Bowel Transplantation in Humans

Melisa Pucci Molineris, VirginiaGonzález Polo, Juan PabloSantilli, CarolinaRumbo, Héctor Solar,MartínRumbo, GabrielGondolesi, Dominik Meier 1 Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), CONICET-Universidad Favaloro, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Trasplante Multiorgánico (ITMO), Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, CiudadAutónoma deBuenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto deEstudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICETFacultad de Cs. Exactas,Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
Macro-drivers and Over-investment of Russian Companies

A consideration of investment activity in relation to macroeconomic factors suggests that companies have an optimal investment policy. In the majority of studies that analyze companies’ investment activities, attention has been focused mainly on the influence of internal factors as they are manageable, and less has been paid to external factors. In the Russian real-ity, since this may result in bankruptcy, over-investment occurs less frequently than under-investment. Therefore, the main question is: What has a bigger impact on over-investment, macroeconomic factors or internal factors? The goal of our study is to establish macro-drivers as having the strongest impact on the likelihood of over-investment in Russian companies. To measure the influence of macro-drivers, a binary choice regression model is estimated on the basis of panel data. The results reveal that the biggest impact on the probability of over-invest-ment was oil price volatility, decreasing it by 38 %. Exchange rate volatility was second place (–29 %), and GDP growth rate and inflation have an inconsequential influence (7 % and less than –1 % respectively). The analysis of the speed of adjustment to target levels of investment shows that, in the macroeconomic environment Russia experienced in 2012–2017, companies would have target levels of investment, adjustment to which would occur gradually, over a period of around 2 to 5 years, depending on the industry.
Vegetative growth of vanilla cuttings after addition of weed clippings mulch under 2 climatic condition, wet and dry seasons

Experiments were performed to determine the effect of allelochemicals released by weed clipping on the growth of vanilla cuttings. The objective of these experiments was to find out safe plant material for mulching vanilla plantation. The first experiment was conducted in the wet season, where two nodes cuttings were transplanted into 5 groups of pots containing topsoil and mulched with grass (G), fern (F), taro (T), dry leaf (DL) and without mulch as control cuttings (C). The second experiment was under dry season but using a similar procedure like that in the first experiment except dry leaf was replaced with coconut husk (CH). These two experiments were using 8 replicates and grown in a shaded greenhouse. Phenolic compounds in weed clippings were examined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. This study found that fern and taro clipping decreased soil pH, delayed emergence of new root and bud burst in vanilla cutting. By contrast, grass clipping, dry leaf and coconut husk did not decrease soil pH and did not delay root emergence and bud burst. The growth rate of the new stem in grass added plant was 1.4 folds relative control but only 0.4 fold in taro added plants. It is concluded that vanilla plant resistant to phenolic compound released by grass clipping, but susceptible to phenolic compound released by taro clipping.
Predicting Emergency Department Visits Based on Cancer Patient Types

Purpose. This study evaluates the predictive ability of patient types (clusters of similar patients) in identifying cancer patients at high risk for emergency department (ED) visits within one year (365 days) following their index date. A descriptive and retrospective cohort study of 45,356 unique cancer patients with only one primary cancer type and at least one ED visit was done using linked administrative sources of health care data. Methods. Three outcomes were investigated in this study. First, the time of ED visit following an index date was predicted using multiple linear regression. Second, those patients who visited an ED within seven days of their index date were detected using logistic regression. In addition to predicting an emergency department visit, vital status of patients was also predicted using logistic regression. We implemented the linear/logistic regression first on unclustered raw data and then on clustered data. The results of these two analyses were then compared. Conclusion. Clustering was found to contribute to a modest improvement in prediction accuracy for all three outcome variables. The results are discussed in terms of the predictive ability of patient types in development of clinical support tools with respect to privacy of patients and their implications for better allocation of resources to cancer patients.
Structural transformation of Au seeds: the influence of temperature and surfactants

Abstract. In the seed-mediated growth process of Au nanostructures, the uniformity and structures of the ultrafine seeds determine the purity and structures of the final Au products. Based on the highly shape-dependent surface plasmon resonance properties of Au nanostructures, we present the structures and structural transformation of Au seeds that have overgrown into Au nanostructures. The optical spectra and transmission electron microscopy images of the final product reflected that structures of the ultrafine seed are sensitive to the temperature and surfactants. It is found that the single-twinned Au seeds obtained at 30°C will transform into fivefold-twinned crystals at 90°C, which subsequently grow into Au nanobipyramids with a high surface plasmon resonance quality factor. The introduction of sodium citrate is beneficial for the formation of twinned crystal seeds. Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride can be used to keep the size of seeds small enough to allow Ostwald ripening at the initial heat treatment stage.
Psychometric Properties of the Vocational Ability Scale in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to identify the psychometric properties of the vocational ability scale used in the 8th Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled in Korea by using the Rasch model. The sample data was collected from 398 individuals with intellectual disabilities. Item fitness, item difficulty, the appropriateness of the rating scale, and the separation index of the vocational ability scale were evaluated. All 15 items show an appropriate fitness level. The analysis of item difficulty indicate that modifications are required. Specifically, the need for the addition of less difficult question items is identified. The use of a 5-point rating scale is shown to decrease the test difficulty in terms of clarity and readability when appropriate and a 4-point modification is also determined as appropriate. With respect to the outcomes of the analysis, the person separation reliability value and separation index are high, and the reliability of the items is also high.
Effects of High Intensity Interval Training and Curcumin Supplement on Antioxidant Enzyme in Heart Tissue of Diabetic Rats

iabetes is an important metabolic disorder which involved a large population of the world people. The prevalence of diabetes is estimated about three hundred millions people, until 2050 (1). Cardiovascular diseases have been recognized as the leading cause of deaths in 8% diabetic patients (2). Diabetes can progress cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic injuries, heart failure and stroke eventually (4). In addition, D 1. PhD Student of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran. 2. Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran. 3. Professor, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Global Atmospheric Oscillation in Geopotential Fields of the Free Atmosphere

The three-dimensional structure of geopotential anomalies arising in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere during a Global Atmospheric Oscillation (GAO) is studied. It was previously detected in temperature and pressure fields. It has been established that these anomalies have a high statistical significance. This serves as another formal evidence of the GAO authenticity. In the troposphere (850–100 hPa) and in the lower stratosphere (100–10 hPa) the structure of GAO substantially changes in comparison with the near-surface fields, gradually acquiring a zonal character. Apparently, this is due to the fact that the atmospheric polar tide, caused by the Chandler wobble of the Earth’s poles and lunar-solar nutation, bends around the Earth almost unhindered, experiencing only a small topographical impact from the continents.
RISK FACTORS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN WOMEN AND MEN

Background: Myocardial infarction is one of the most common causes of hospitalization in industrial countries, and the most common cause of myocardial infarction is the formation of thrombosis on atherosclerotic plaques. There are many risk factors which affect atherosclerosis formation process. It seems that sex plays an important role in development of myocardial infarction. Objective: To determine and compare myocardial infarction risk factors in women and men. Design: This was a case – control study. Sample: Using the consecutive sampling method, 250 women and 251 men suffering from myocardial infarction for the first time, admitted in Coronary Care Units (CCUs) were assigned to the case group while 249 and 248 respectively women and men in surgical units formed the control group. Result: Findings indicated that stress, positive family history, smoking, diabetese in women, meanwhile in men stress, positive family history, diabetese, smoking, were the major risk factors of myocardial infarction considering that the ratio of factors were stress (28/9) positive family history (21/9), smoking (12/9) and diabetes (12/23) in women, and for the opposite sex it was stress, (53/59) positive family history (30/75) diabetese (12/59) and smoking (11/3). It is revealed that the least important factor was inappropriate diet regimen in both sexes. Conclusion: Results showed that the most important risk factors for both sexes were stress, positive family history, smoking and diabetese. It is recommended to control these factors in order to prevent myocardial infarction which will result to a diminished direct and indirect costs of this disease.
Use of herbal medications among out-patients in a psychiatry clinic in Sri Lanka

The use of complementary and alternative medicine is increasing among psychiatric populations. Herbal medications are a form of alternative and complementary medicine whose use has increased over the last decade. Two studies done among Western out-patient groups have reported rates of use of herbal medicine at 15% (‘current use’; Matthews et al, 2003) and 24% (Knaudt et al, 1999).
Dynamic reciprocity of cell-matrix interactions in cancer invasion

The multistep process of cell migration requires cells to dynamically couple to extracellular interfaces and generate traction force or friction for displacement of the cell body. When deformed, biopolymer networks, including fibrillar collagen and fibrin, undergo a nonlinear elasticity change that is termed strain stiffening and is commonly measured by bulk rheology. It remains poorly characterized, however, whether forces generated by moving cells suffice to induce strain stiffening. To detect strain stiffening at the leading edge of normal and tumor cells moving across fibrillar type I collagen, we combined AFM nanoindentation and differential field probing with confocal reflection microscopy. In different cell models, gradient-like fiber realignment, densification, and elevation of Young’s modulus ahead of the leading edge were observed, with peak increases of up to 1.15 kPa near the leading edge. Moving fibroblasts generated a larger anterograde strain field with a higher amplitude and up to 6-fold increased cumulative strain stiffening (52 kPa) compared with mesenchymal HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells (8.8 kPa) and epithelial SCC38 cancer cells (9.8 kPa). Collectively moving SCC38 cells produced 4-fold increased cumulative strain stiffening (38 kPa) compared with individually moving SCC38 cells in a β1 integrinand actomyosin-dependent manner. This indicates that the extent of strain stiffening by the leading edge of moving cells scales with cell type, multicellular cooperativity, integrin availability, and contractility. By straining, migrating cells realign and densify fibrillar extracellular matrix and thus adopt an autonomous strategy to move on a “traveling wave” of stiffened substrate, which reaches levels sufficient for mechanosensory activation and self-steering of migration.
Grid Impedance Estimation by Measuring Only the Current Injected to the Grid by a VSI With $LCL$ Filter

A strategy for grid impedance estimation is proposed in this article. The strategy is based on the use of an observer suitable to implement the control and synchronization of a voltage-source inverter with an $LCL$ filter, by measuring only the current that the system injects to the grid. The estimation is done based on the modification of the original structure of the observer, together with the implementation of a grid current injection strategy, which allows the observer to adapt in the presence of grid impedance uncertainty. The proposed strategy provides an accurate estimate of the grid impedance inductive and resistive components, suitable for control purposes. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed strategy are demonstrated by simulation and experimental results.