Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The development of basal bodies in paramecium.

lower plants and are implicated in the formation of flagella, cilia, and certain sensory structures and in the organization of the mitotic apparatus. Electron microscopie studies have shown that the structural pattern of these two types of organelles is almost identical from Protozoa to man, but the origin and development of this pattern remain largely unknown. Previous investigators, searching for early developmental stages, have observed at the site where the new structure will develop either a sphere of dense, amnorphous material or a young organelle shorter thaii the adult but nevertheless possessing most or all of the features characterizing the mature pattern. Intermediate stages have rarely been detected. The present paper, based on observations reported in a previous abstract,' provides evidence for these stages and establishes for the kinetosome (ciliary basal body) of Paramecium a mode of development that may be expected also to apply to basal bodies aind centrioles of other organisms. Methods. -Paramecium aurelia, stock 51, was grown at maximal rate in baked lettuce medium2 at 27? C. Success in detecting the earliest stages of basal body formatioll was based upon recogniition of three facts. First, the new ciliary basal body arises at right aingles and in close proximity to the alnterior portion of an existing basal body (Figs. 2,
Heligmosomoides polygyrus immunomodulatory factor (IMF), targets T‐lymphocytes

Experiments were performed to investigate the immunological site of action of an immunomodulatory factor (IMF), isolated from the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus. IMF inhibited antibody production in murine and human ‘T‐helper (Th‐2) driven’ immunoassays. The effects were mediated via T lymphocytes as T cell‐depleted cultures failed to respond to IMF, a result confirmed by prepulsing discrete cell subsets with the immunomodulant. Although the molecular nature and mode of action of IMF has yet to be determined, it would appear to be a relatively small non‐proteinaceous molecule. From this data, we suggest that H. polygyrus secretes a systemically‐active IMF from the intestinal lumen, to down‐regulate Th‐2 cell development in order to promote its survival in a potentially immunologically hostile environment.
Caveolins, Liquid-Ordered Domains, and Signal Transduction

Caveolae were originally identified as flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in endothelial and epithelial cells (14). Prior to the development of biochemical methods for their purification, caveolae were thought to principally mediate the transcellular movement of molecules (101, 145). Recently, the development of novel purification procedures has greatly expanded our knowledge regarding the putative functions of caveolae in vivo. In this review, we seek to update the working definition of caveolae, describe the functional roles of the caveolin gene family, and summarize the evidence that supports a role for caveolae as mediators of a number of cellular signaling processes.
A p‐nitrophenylphosphatase activity associated with the human erythrocyte membrane

A p‐nitrophenylphosphatase activity has been identified as a component of the human erythrocyte membrane. This activity is distinct from that associated with the cell's Na+ + K ‐dependent ATPase, Ca2+ ‐dependent ATPase, or spectrin phosphatase. The activity described here is stimulated by Mn2+ but not by Ca2+ with or without calmodulin. A potential erythrocyte membrane substrate for this activity is a 95 kDa phosphoprotein that can be shown to undergo Mn2+ ‐stimulated but not Mg2+ ‐stimulated dephosphorylation.
Acute Alcohol Poisoning in Bulgarian Adolescents

Bulgular Calismaya 137 ergen (77 erkek, 60 kiz) dahil edildi. Hastalarin ortalama yasi 14.91±1.45 olarak bulundu. Olgularin %40.2’sinde kan alkol duzeyi 2.00 mg/mL degerinin uzerinde tespit edildi. Hastalarin daha cok tek tur alkollu icecek tukettikleri belirlendi. Ilk alkol tuketim yasi erkeklerde 12 yas 10 ay, kizlarda 13 yas olarak saptandi. Alkol tuketimi icin en sik bildirilen neden arkadaslarla bulusmadir. Hastalarin hoslandiklari muzik turleri degismekle birlikte bos zaman aktivitesi olarak film izlemek (genellikle komedi filmleri) belirtilmistir (%64.2). Hastalarin %60’i ailelerinin ilk cocuklaridir ancak buyuk cogunlugu ailede baska kardeslerle (%68.6), ve anne-babanin bir arada oldugu ortamlarda (%64) buyumustur. Hastalarin ebeveynleri cogunlukla ortaokul duzeyinde egitimlidir (%79.7) ve her iki ebeveyn de calismaktadir (%53.3).
Wavelet filters comparison for ultrasonic image compression

At present, wavelet transform has become a standard tool in medical image compression. Although, the choice of wavelet filters is an essential issue that can be determined the compression image quality. The goal of this paper is to provide the comparison of applying different types of wavelet filters belonging to orthogonal and biorthogonal wavelets with different orders on the ultrasonic images. The wavelet filters used are Haar, Daubichies8, 6/10, 9/7 and 5/3 filters. The performance evaluation of the image quality is measured objectively using maximum difference (MD), normalized absolute error (NAE), and normalized mean square error (NMSE). Moreover, ultrasonographers do the subjective performance assessment. From the experimental evaluation, it can be concluded that objective assessment alone is not suitable objective scale to evaluate the quality of the compressed images. Therefore, subjective assessment is very important to take into account visual quality.
Baclofen versus clonidine in the treatment of opiates withdrawal, side‐effects aspect: a double‐blind randomized controlled trial

Objective: Baclofen is known for the alleviation of signs and symptoms of spasticity. Reports from our previous study have suggested that it may be at least as effective as clonidine in the management of physical symptoms of opiate withdrawal syndromes and superior to clonidine in the management of mental symptoms. We now report on a randomized double‐blind comparison of baclofen vs. clonidine in view of side‐effects profile.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus typing methods: which should be the international standard?

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has spread to all parts of the world. Effective control measures are dependent on a thorough knowledge of the organism's epidemiology which requires a typing technique that can be universally applied. Many typing methods have been developed for MRSA but none has been adopted as the internationally recognized standard. This review summarizes the information available on each in order to assess their suitability as a reference procedure. The majority of phenotypic and genotypic techniques are not sufficiently discriminatory, reproducible, stable or useful in an outbreak to be acceptable. The methods which do fulfil these requirements and have a potential for standardization, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, binary typing or a combination of more rapid techniques, require further systematic evaluation.
Sézary syndrome with a 14:14 (q12:q31) translocation

The Sézary syndrome was diagnosed in a 71‐year‐old black woman with erythroderma, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. The laboratory data revealed a white blood cell count of 65,000 mm3 with 81% lymphocytes, the majority having an indented or a cerebriform nucleus. The skin biopsy, the lymph node biopsy and immunologic surface marker studies confirmed the diagnosis of Sézary syndrome. The cytogenetic studies of the bone marrow and the peripheral blood revealed a (14:14) (q12:q31) translocation present, consistently in majority of the lymphocytes. This translocation is considered characteristic of ataxia‐telangiectasia and, to our knowledge, has not been previously described in Sézary syndrome.
Parenting and social anxiety: fathers' versus mothers' influence on their children's anxiety in ambiguous social situations.

BACKGROUND The role of parenting in child social anxiety was examined in an information processing experiment. We tested the relative weight that children in general, and high versus low socially anxious children in particular, put on fathers' versus mothers' signal about whether a social situation is safe or a threat. METHOD Children aged 8-12 (n = 144) varying in social anxiety were presented scripts of ambiguous social situations in which either the father or the mother acted anxious or confident. Children indicated how anxious or confident they would be. RESULTS Fathers' behaviour influenced high socially anxious children's confidence or anxiety more than mothers' behaviour. In contrast, in normal and low socially anxious children, mothers' behaviour was more influential than fathers'. CONCLUSIONS Mothers might have the role of teaching social wariness to their low socially anxious children, whereas fathers may teach social confidence to socially anxious children.
Methodological Flaws, Conflicts of Interest, and Scientific Fallacies: Implications for the Evaluation of Antidepressants’ Efficacy and Harm

Background In current psychiatric practice, antidepressants are widely and with ever-increasing frequency prescribed to patients. However, several scientific biases obfuscate estimates of antidepressants’ efficacy and harm, and these are barely recognized in treatment guidelines. The aim of this mini-review is to critically evaluate the efficacy and harm of antidepressants for acute and maintenance treatment with respect to systematic biases related to industry funding and trial methodology. Methods Narrative review based on a comprehensive search of the literature. Results It is shown that the pooled efficacy of antidepressants is weak and below the threshold of a minimally clinically important change once publication and reporting biases are considered. Moreover, the small mean difference in symptom reductions relative to placebo is possibly attributable to observer effects in unblinded assessors and patient expectancies. With respect to trial dropout rates, a hard outcome not subjected to observer bias, no difference was observed between antidepressants and placebo. The discontinuation trials on the efficacy of antidepressants in maintenance therapy are systematically flawed, because in these studies, spontaneous remitters are excluded, whereas half of all patients who remitted on antidepressants are abruptly switched to placebo. This can cause a severe withdrawal syndrome that is easily misdiagnosed as a relapse when assessed on subjective symptom rating scales. In accordance, the findings of naturalistic long-term studies suggest that maintenance therapy has no clear benefit, and non-drug users do not show increased recurrence rates. Moreover, a growing body of evidence from hundreds of randomized controlled trials suggests that antidepressants cause suicidality, but this risk is underestimated because data from industry-funded trials are systematically flawed. Unselected, population-wide observational studies indicate that depressive patients who use antidepressants are at an increased risk of suicide and that they have a higher rate of all-cause mortality than matched controls. Conclusion The strong reliance on industry-funded research results in an uncritical approval of antidepressants. Due to several flaws such as publication and reporting bias, unblinding of outcome assessors, concealment and recoding of serious adverse events, the efficacy of antidepressants is systematically overestimated, and harm is systematically underestimated. Therefore, I conclude that antidepressants are largely ineffective and potentially harmful.
Nurse Staffing in Medical Units: A Queueing Perspective

In this paper, we present a closed queueing model to determine efficient nurse staffing policies. We explicitly model the workload experienced by s nurses within a single medical unit with n homogeneous patients as a closed M/M/s//n queueing system, where each patient alternates between requiring assistance and not. The performance of the medical unit is based on the probability of excessive delay, the relative frequency with which the delay between the onset of patient neediness and the provision of care from a nurse exceeds a given time threshold. Using new many-server asymptotic results, we find that effective staffing policies should deviate from threshold-specific nurse-to-patient ratios by factors that take into account the total number of patients present in the unit. In particular, our staffing rule significantly differs from California Bill AB 394, legislation that mandates fixed nurse-to-patient staffing ratios. Simulations show that our results are robust to delay-dependent service times, generally distributed service times, and nonhomogeneous patients, i.e., those with different acuity levels.
Determinants of physician utilization, emergency room use, and hospitalizations among populations with multiple health vulnerabilities

Understanding the factors that influence differing types of health care utilization within vulnerable groups can serve as a basis for projecting future health care needs, forecasting future health care expenditures, and influencing social policy. In this article the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations is used to evaluate discretionary (physician visits) and non-discretionary (emergency room visits, and hospitalizations) health utilization patterns of a sample of 1466 respondents with one or more vulnerable health classification. Reported vulnerabilities include: (1) persons with substance disorders; (2) homeless persons; (3) persons with mental health problems; (4) victims of violent crime; (5) persons diagnosed with HIV/AIDS; (6) and persons in receipt of public benefits. Hierarchical logistic regression is used on three nested models to model factors that influence physician visits, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations. Additionally, bivariate logistic regression analyses are completed using a vulnerability index to evaluate the impact of increased numbers of vulnerability on all three forms of health care utilization. Findings from this study suggest the Behavioral Model of Vulnerable Populations be employed in future research regarding health care utilization patterns among vulnerable populations. This article encourages further research investigating the cumulative effect of health vulnerabilities on the use of non-discretionary services so that this behavior could be better understood and appropriate social policies and behavioral interventions implemented.
Effects of Concurrent and Delayed Visual Feedback on Motor Memory Consolidation

In many domains, it's important to understand the ways in which humans learn and develop new motor skills effectively and efficiently. For example, in dental operations, the ability to apply a weak force with a required tolerance is a fundamental skill to ensure diagnostic and treatment outcome, but acquiring such a skill is a challenge for novices. In this paper, we focus on motor memory for producing normally applied force by a hand-held probe and we compare the effects of two feedback methods on motor memory consolidation. Fourteen participants were randomly assigned to two groups: a Concurrent Group and a Delayed Group. Participants in the Concurrent Group were trained to apply a target force with concurrent visual feedback, while those in the Delayed Group were trained with delayed visual feedback. The task included two phases: a Training/Testing Phase, and a Retention Phase. The results indicated that participants in the Delayed Group obtained more effective learning outcomes and better retention effects. These findings provide a new perspective to explore the relationship between feedback methods and the cognitive process of motor skill learning, and open a new way to train motor skill using more effective methods than the traditional concurrent feedback approaches.
Whipple's disease in the porcine leaflets of a Carpentier-Edwards prosthetic mitral valve.

WHIPPLE'S disease is often associated with pancarditis, which may result in major valvular dysfunction.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 We describe a patient in whom Whipple's disease also involved the porcine leaflets of a Carpentier–Edwards prosthetic cardiac valve that had been fixed in glutaraldehyde. This finding supports the view that Whipple's disease is caused by infection with a specific bacterium and suggests that when a patient with Whipple's disease requires a prosthetic cardiac valve, a tissue valve should not be used. Case Report A 63-year-old man presented in 1967 with a 15-month history of weakness, weight loss, and passage of five to six watery stools .
Interferon-gamma in suppurative otitis media: significance of otorrhoea type and disease outcome

Abstract Background: Interferon-γ has been reported to have an immunoregulatory role in otitis media with effusion. However, such a role remains to be determined in acute suppurative otitis media. Aim: To determine the levels of interferon-γ in middle-ear secretion in children with acute suppurative otitis media, and to determine the significance of interferon-γ to the nature of otorrhoea and the outcome of otitis media. Settings and design: Prospective, longitudinal follow up of patients selected from community and tertiary health centres. Methods: We selected children with acute suppurative otitis media, diagnosed as otorrhoea of less than three months' duration. Middle-ear secretions were collected by pipetting and stored at −80°C. Interferon-γ was assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients were treated and followed up for nine to 12 months, to separate those with resolved acute suppurative otitis media from those with chronic suppurative otitis media. Result: The study initially included 358 cases of acute suppurative otitis media. Nine-month follow up was achieved in 304 patients (85 per cent). Of these patients, acute suppurative otitis media resolved in 187 (61 per cent), while chronic suppurative otitis media was evident in 117 (39 per cent). The children with completed follow up comprised 173 boys and 131 girls, aged between four months and nine years (mean age 6.6 years; standard deviation 1.32). These children had purulent otorrhoea in 171 cases (56 per cent) and mucoid otorrhoea in 133 cases (44 per cent). The children's middle-ear secretion interferon-γ concentrations ranged from 12 to 126 pg/ml. The mean middle-ear secretion interferon-γ concentration was 27.2 pg/ml (standard deviation 8.8) in patients whose acute suppurative otitis media resolved, and 73.1 pg/ml (standard deviation 9.5) in those progressing to chronic suppurative otitis media. In children with purulent otitis media, the mean middle-ear secretion interferon-γ concentration was 43.5 pg/ml (standard deviation 15.6); in those with mucoid otitis media, it was 74.3 pg/ml (standard deviation 19.1). Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in middle-ear secretion interferon-γ concentration, comparing resolved acute suppurative otitis media and chronic suppurative otitis media cases (p = 0.00), and comparing purulent and mucoid otitis media cases (p = 0.00). Pearson correlation testing revealed significant inverse correlation between interferon-γ concentration and middle-ear secretion immunoglobulin G concentration (p = 0.01), immunoglobulin E concentration (p = 0.03) and immunoglobulin A concentration (p = 0.00). Conclusion: A high concentration of interferon-γ in middle-ear secretions promotes chronicity of suppurative otitis media. Further research in this area may lead to the development of agents which assist the control of suppurative otitis media chronicity.
Experimental Investigation of Border Trap Generation in InGaAs nMOSFETs With Al 2 O 3 Gate Dielectric Under PBTI Stress

The reliability performance of InxGa1−xAs n-type metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors with Al2O3 gate dielectric under positive-bias temperature instability stress is investigated systematically. A model of stress-induced border traps was proposed to interpret all charge pumping and I–V experimental results excellently. The stress-induced border traps include recoverable donor traps and permanent acceptor traps with respective energy densities ΔD SOX (E) and ΔD Acceptor SOX (E). The shapes of ΔD SOX (E) and ΔD Acceptor SOX (E) have been extracted from experimental data. ΔD SOX (E) mainly distributes in the conduction band of InGaAs with a tail extending to the mid-gap, whereas ΔD SOX (E) has a large distribution inside the energy gap and extends to the conduction band. The high density of ΔD SOX (E) in the energy gap induces large degradation in the OFF-current, which is particularly serious when the In composition x is raised to 0.65.
Multi-point Codes from the GGS Curves

This paper is concerned with the construction of algebraic geometric codes defined from GGS curves. It is of significant use to describe bases for the Riemann-Roch spaces associated with totally ramified places, which enables us to study multi-point AG codes. Along this line, we characterize explicitly the Weierstrass semigroups and pure gaps. Additionally, we determine the floor of a certain type of divisor and investigate the properties of AG codes from GGS curves. Finally, we apply these results to find multi-point codes with excellent parameters. As one of the examples, a presented code with parameters $ [216,190,\geqslant 18] $ over $ \mathbb{F}_{64} $ yields a new record.
Optimality of simulation-based nonlinear model reduction: Pathwise stochastic controllability

In previous work, it was showed that nonlinear model reduction by model-based method considering the controllability and data-driven method are equivalent when the input port is open to a noisy environment. The controllability considered only the input energy to regulate around the goal state. In view of this, we consider a generalized controllability taking account of the state transition cost. In this paper, we show a similar equivalence of model-based method considering the generalized controllability and data-driven method under the same noisy environment.
Nup 116 p and Nup 100 p are interchangeable through a conserved motif which constitutes a docking site for the mRNA transport factor Gle 2 p

Nup116p and Nup100p are highly related yeast GLFG nucleoporins, but only Nup116p is stoichiometrically bound to Gle2p, a previously identified mRNA export factor. A short Gle2p-binding sequence within Nup116p (GLEBS; residues 110–166) is sufficient and necessary to anchor Gle2p at the nuclear pores, whereas the carboxy-terminal domain of Nup116p mediates its own nuclear pore complex (NPC) association. The GLEBS is evolutionarily conserved and found in rat/Xenopus Nup98 and an uncharacterized Caenorhabditis elegans ORF, but is absent from Nup100p. When the GLEBS is deleted from Nup116p, Gle2p dissociates from the nuclear envelope and clusters of herniated nuclear pores form. When the GLEBS is inserted into Nup100p, Nup100p–GLEBS complements both the thermosensitive and NPC-herniated phenotype of nup116– cells, and Gle2p is retargeted concomitantly to the NPCs. Thus, the in vivo function of Gle2p is strictly coupled to the short GLEBS within Nup116p which links this putative mRNA transport factor to the nuclear pores.