Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of inland lakes as hubs in an invasion network

Summary 1. The ability to predict spatially explicit dispersal by non-indigenous species is a difficult but increasingly important undertaking as it allows management efforts to be focused around areas identified as susceptible to invasion. Lakes may serve as useful models for these studies because the habitats are well defined, and vectors of spread may be readily identified and quantified. In this study, we examined patterns of spread of the non-indigenous spiny waterflea Bythotrephes longimanus to inland lakes in Ontario, Canada, to identify lakes for which management efforts to reduce traffic would be most effective. 2. We surveyed people using lakes for recreational purposes to quantify movements of trailered boats and other risky activities, to model relative vector traffic from invaded lakes to non-invaded and other invaded lakes. Non-linear functions were developed to describe the cumulative number of invaded and non-invaded destination lakes visited by people leaving five important lakes already invaded by the spiny waterflea (Huron, Simcoe, Muskoka, Panache and Kashagawigamog). The relative difference in these functions was used to identify which lakes will develop into future invasion hubs and will therefore be most important to future dispersal of the species. 3. In the recent past, Lake Muskoka has been an important hub from which the spiny waterflea has invaded other lakes. It is unlikely to continue to be a source for waterflea invasion as most outbound traffic is to previously invaded lakes. Conversely, most outbound traffic from Lakes Kashagawigamog and Simcoe is to non-invaded lakes and, therefore, these lakes are likely to develop into hubs in the future. 4. Synthesis and applications . These data on zooplankton in lake systems and associated mechanisms of transport indicate patterns not only of intrinsic value to lake management, but also of potential importance in understanding invasions more generally. Frequency distributions of the number of outbound connections to both invaded and non-invaded destinations from invaded sources follow a power function, consistent with scale-free networks. These networks indicate that small proportions of sources function as hubs. Management efforts targeted to remove developing hubs from the invasion network, rather than equal effort applied to outbound vector traffic from all sources, may reduce the predicted rate of new invasions.
On Nonlinear Functions of Linear Combinations

Projection pursuit algorithms approximate a function of p variables by a sum of nonlinear functions of linear combinations: \[ (1)\qquad f\left( {x_1 , \cdots ,x_p } \right) \doteq \sum_{i = 1}^n {g_i \left( {a_{i1} x_1 + \cdots + a_{ip} x_p } \right)} . \] We develop some approximation theory, give a necessary and sufficient condition for equality in (1), and discuss nonuniqueness of the representation.
Currency Risk Modelling by GARCH-Copula Model

Time series modelling and subsequent risk estimation is difficult but important activity of any financial institution. Financial time series are characterized by volatility clustering and heavy-tailed distributions of returns. Both these characteristics have a great influence for risk estimation. Especially when modelling more-dimensional probability distribution, the shocks in terms of extreme losses (or returns) in particular risk drivers are usually more correlated than the losses (returns) closer to the mean. In this paper we focus on the GARCH-copula models. The copula functions are the tool which allows us to model the dependence among individual risk drivers. Student probability distribution and various copula functions are assumed in the paper. On the other hand, GARCH model allows depicting the volatility clustering. These joined models are backtested on chosen dataset and the exceptions (i.e. their quantity and distribution in time) are statistically tested by Kupiec and Christoffersen tests.
Tumor Specific Regulation of C-CAM Cell Adhesion Molecule in Prostate Cancer Carcinogenesis

Abstract : C-CAM is an epithelial cell adhesion molecule. We have shown that loss of C-CAM is an early event in prostate cancer development and re-introduction of C-CAM into prostate cancer cells could inhibit their tumorigenic potential. These results indicate that C-CAM is a tumor suppressor. The mechanism of C-CAM down-regulation in tumorigenesis is not clear. Our hypothesis is that transcriptional down-regulation instead of deletion of C-CAM gene is the major cause. We propose to identify mechanisms that regulate C-CAM gene expression in prostate carcinogenesis. We have identified that AP-2 is a transcriptional activator of C-CAM and thus is a potential regulator of C-CAM expression during tumorigenesis. In addition, we have developed a novel in vivo functional screening method to identify new transcription factors that regulate C-CAM gene expression during prostate carcinogenesis. Preliminary study has identified several candidate genes and we are in the process of confirming their effects on C-CAM expression. Our reviewer suggested that we pursue regulation of C-CAM gene expression by steroid hormones. We have incorporated androgen regulation in our study and have made significant progress in this effort. A manuscript is under submission. Results from this study will allow us to understand C-CAM gene regulation during tumorigenesis.
Continental-wide distribution of crayfish species in Europe: update and maps

Recently published astacological studies substantially improved available data on distribution of crayfish in various European regions. At the same time, spread of invasive species has been recorded, additional non-indigenous species became established in various countries, and losses of populations of native species due to crayfish plague and other negative factors were observed. We overview recent advances in this knowledge, and provide updated colour maps of the distribution of all crayfish species present in Europe. These maps are originally based on the data from the Atlas of Crayfish in Europe published in 2006 as a result of the CRAYNET project, and were further updated from more recently published reports, grey literature, and especially thanks to contributions and feedback of over 70 specialists from 32 countries. Separate maps are available for all indigenous crayfish species in Europe as well as for three most widespread non-indigenous crayfish species. Additionally, two maps give locations of known findings of crayfish species introduced to Europe after 1980. These newly established alien species have so far restricted distributions; however, the frequency of recent reports suggests that findings of such species resulting from releases of aquarium pets will further increase.
Weak-Form Efficiency Vs Semi-Strong Form Efficiency in Price Discovery: an Application to International Black Tea Markets

In this paper we study a fundamental issue related to the efficient price discovery process using time series data from seven international black tea markets. The major question studied is as follows: Is the price discovery process in black tea markets efficient? We use two statistical techniques as engines of analysis. First, we use time series methods to capture regularities in time lags among price series. Second, we forecast the tea prices in each market using the time series model we estimated followed by a comparison of the forecast with the forecasts from the random-walk (naive) model. Weekly time series data on black tea prices from seven markets around the world are studied using time series methods. The study follows two paths. We study these prices in a common currency, the US dollar. We also study prices in each country’s local currency. Results from unit root tests suggest that prices from three Indian markets are not generated through random-walk like behavior. We conclude that the Indian markets are not weak-form efficient. However, prices from all non-Indian markets cannot be distinguished from random-walk like behavior. These latter markets are weak-form efficient. A Vector Autoregressions (VARs) on the non-Indian markets are studied in local currency and in US dollars. We use Theil’s U-statistic to test the forecasting ability of the VAR models. We find that for most markets in either dollars or in local currencies, that a random walk forecast outperforms the VAR generated forecasts. This last result suggests the non-Indian markets are both weak-form and semi-strong form efficient. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/sjae.v6i1. 3467 SJAE 2004; 6(1): 1-24
Interprofessional collaboration during an emergency ward’s rounds

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore interprofessional collaboration during ward rounds on a Finnish emergency and infection ward from the viewpoint of three central professional groups: physicians, nurses and secretaries. Design/methodology/approach – The authors utilise an ethnographically informed approach, with observations and interviews as the data collection devices. The data comprise ten interviews with staff members and ten hours of observations. The data were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis. Findings – The ward rounds were found to be rather physician- and medicine-centred, and mostly not interprofessional. Nurses and secretaries in particular expressed dissatisfaction with many of the current ward rounds work practices. Ward rounds are an essential part of collaboration in implementing the emergency-natured operational aim of the ward, yet we found that the ward rounds are complicated by diverging professional views and expectations, variable work practices and interac.
Metabolic interactions between Toxoplasma gondii and its host

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa that infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans. T. gondii can replicate in every nucleated host cell by orchestrating metabolic interactions to derive crucial nutrients. In this review, we summarize the current status of known metabolic interactions of T. gondii with its host cell and discuss open questions and promising experimental approaches that will allow further dissection of the host–parasite interface and discovery of ways to efficiently target both tachyzoite and bradyzoite forms of T. gondii, which are associated with acute and chronic infection, respectively.
LISA verification binaries with updated distances from Gaia Data Release 2

Ultracompact binaries with orbital periods less than a few hours will dominate the gravitational wave signal in the mHz regime. Until recently, 10 systems were expected to have a predicted gravitational wave signal strong enough to be detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), the so-called ‘verification binaries’. System parameters, including distances, are needed to provide an accurate prediction of the expected gravitational wave strength to be measured by LISA. Using parallaxes from Gaia Data Release 2 we calculate signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) for ≈50 verification binary candidates. We find that 11 binaries reach an SNR ≥ 20, two further binaries reaching an SNR≥ 5, and three more systems are expected to have a SNR≈ 5 after 4 yr integration with LISA. For these 16 systems, we present predictions of the gravitational wave amplitude (A) and parameter uncertainties from Fisher information matrix on the amplitude (A) and inclination (ι).
ETL-0235 A STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS OFOR PHOTO INTERPRETATION Richard 0

Since it is impossible to abstractly model the complete physical environment, the The thesis of this paper is that perception degree to which purely abstract reasoning requires reasoning mechanisms beyond those will be satisfactory is limited. Instead, typically employed in deductive systems. We perception requires tight interacticbriefly present some arguments to support this between modeling/hypothesizing, experimenting (accessing informatio. fro' contention, and then offer a framework for a system the envronment and resonin vermayng. capable of perceptual reasoning, using sensorderived information, to survive in a hostile Reasoning processes that embody concepts environment. Some of these ideas have been from physics, geometry, topology, incorporated in a computer program and tested in a causation, and temporal and spatial simulated environment; a summary of this work and ordering are critical components of any current results are included. attempt to "understand" an ongoing physica: situation. Ezplicit representations appropriate to these concepts are necessary for a perceptual system that must provide
Parallel Storage Systems for Large Scale Machines

I/O has become a bottleneck in application performance as processor speed skyrockets, leaving storage hardware and software struggling to keep up. The substantial amount of concurrency can cause a critical contention issue for I/O system. This study proposes a dynamically coordinated I/O architecture for addressing some of the limitations that current parallel file systems and storage architectures are facing with very large-scale systems. The fundamental idea is to coordinate I/O accesses according to the topology/profile of the infrastructure, the load metrics, and the I/O demands of each application. The measurements have shown that by using IKAROS approach we can fully utilize the provided I/O and network resources, minimize disk and network contention, and achieve better performance. Keywords—Data management; storage; distributed systems; parallel file systems; high performance computing; Exascale; GPFS; GridFTP; PVFS2.
COMPLEXITY OF KEYWORD EXTRACTION : EXPERTS VS . SLIDING WINDOW

This paper studied the complexity of keyword extraction via the experts. The research findings can bridge the gap in automated keyword extraction with a human added value inputs. A set of 100 complex sentences were prepared from TimeBank1.2 corpus as the data for keyword extraction. A baseline that uses sliding window of size n=5 based on graph-based approach is used to extract keywords with the same data set. Three graph centrality measures are used as the metric to compare sliding window against expert extracted keywords. Kappa co-efficient is computed to measure inter-rater (expert) agreement. The overall results indicate that keyword extraction is a complex task as the experts have difficulty to agree on identifying and ranking the keywords. KEYWORD: Keyword Extraction, Graph-Based Text, Inter-Rater Agreement
Beyond the water cooler

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Using niche‐based modelling to assess the impact of climate change on tree functional diversity in Europe

Rapid anthropogenic climate change is already affecting species distributions and ecosystem functioning worldwide. We applied niche‐based models to analyse the impact of climate change on tree species and functional diversity in Europe. Present‐day climate was used to predict the distributions of 122 tree species from different functional types (FT). We then explored projections of future distributions under one climate scenario for 2080, considering two alternative dispersal assumptions: no dispersal and unlimited dispersal. The species‐rich broadleaved deciduous group appeared to play a key role in the future of different European regions. Temperate areas were projected to lose both species richness and functional diversity due to the loss of broadleaved deciduous trees. These were projected to migrate to boreal forests, thereby increasing their species richness and functional diversity. Atlantic areas provided an intermediate case, with a predicted reduction in the numbers of species and occasional predicted gains in functional diversity. This resulted from a loss in species within the broadleaved deciduous FT, but overall maintenance of the group. Our results illustrate the fact that both species‐specific predictions and functional patterns should be examined separately in order to assess the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and gain insights into future ecosystem functioning.
The antioxidant effect of beta-alanine or carnosine supplementation on exercise- induced oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise dos artigos que abordaram o efeito da suplementação de BA ou carnosina sobre o estresse oxidativo (TE) induzido pelo exercício físico (EF). Antes de maio de 2018, pesquisamos em todo PubMed, CAPES Periodic e SPORTDiscus modelo humano de revisão por pares, estudos randomizados de controle com suplementação crônica de BA ou carnosina em SO induzida por PE. Um total de 128 citações foram encontradas. Apenas quatro artigos preencheram critérios para inclusão. Todos os quatro estudos utilizaram jovens saudáveis, sedentários, recreativos ou atléticos. Após uma suplementação crônica com BA ou carnosina, os estudos avaliaram a SG induzida por PE imediatamente e várias horas após o exercício (0,5 a 48 h). Em resposta ao SO induzido por PE, quando comparado ao placebo, a suplementação com BA / carnosina aumentou a capacidade antioxidante total [TAC; Tamanho do Efeito (ES) = 0,35, Intervalo de Confiança 95% (CI) 0,06 a 0,65, p = 0,02] e concentrações de glutationa (GSH; ES = 0,75, IC 95% 0,32 a 1,19, p = 0,0007) enquanto diminuiu os marcadores OS diretos ( ES = -1,19, IC 95% -1,48 a -0,80, p
Operations between years 2004-2017

In this paper, several energy-efficient Memory Write circuit designs are discussed from different articles that were published between the years 2004-2017. The overall purpose of this paper is to analyze the fundamental circuits proposed for the memory bit-cells in these designs. These designs are based on relative modern efficient circuits to reduce the energy consumption in memory access-related operations. Additionally, this paper explores fundamental concepts such as Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MJTs), nonvolatile memory and Spintronic-based memory cells, which are used in the memory block as storage elements. The design number 3 provided the least energy consumption at 369980 fJ for the implemented code. Keywords— Memory Write; Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM); Magnetic Random-Access Memory (MRAM); Spin-Hall Effect (SHE); Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ); Spin-based Memory; Spin-Transfer Torque; Non-Volatile Memory.
A Dual Mechanism for defeating DDoS Attacks in Cloud Computing Model

Cloud Computing model, a large scale distributed computing infrastructure is built in order to meet the demand for power and memory storage, increasing vigorously due to scientific research and industrialization. It is a recently proposed model providing access to the distributed resources consistently. Maintaining the security, confidentiality and integrity of both users and resources is the most challenging aspect of cloud. The main disturbing element of the security of the cloud i.e. the DDoS attacks has led to the establishment of various technologies in order to gain defense against DDoS attacks. So here, this paper will propose a defense mechanism against the DDoS attacks which is known as cloud specific Intrusion Detection System. This defense mechanism will be able to detect the attack before the DDoS attack succeeds.
Genetic and biochemical characterization of the α and β components of a propionyl-CoA carboxylase complex of Streptomyces coelicolor A 3 ( 2 )

Programa Multidisciplinario de Biologı! a Experimental (PROMUBIE-CONICET) and Departamento de Microbiologı! a, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquı! micas y Farmace! uticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000-Rosario, Argentina Two genes, accA1 and accA2, with nearly identical nucleotide sequences were cloned from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). The deduced amino acid sequences of the product of these two genes showed high similarity to BcpA2 of Saccharopolyspora erythraea and other biotin-containing proteins from different organisms assumed to be the α subunit of a propionyl-CoA carboxylase. A gene, pccB, encoding the carboxyl transferase subunit of this enzyme complex was also characterized. Strains disrupted in accA1 did not show any change in acetylor propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity, whilst cellfree extracts of a pccB mutant strain contained a reduced level of propionylCoA carboxylase. No mutants in accA2 could be isolated, suggesting that the gene may be essential. Heterologous expression of accA1, accA2 and pccB in Escherichia coli and in vitro reconstitution of enzyme activity confirmed that PccB is the β subunit of a propionyl-CoA carboxylase and that either AccA1 or AccA2 could act as the α component of this enzyme complex. The fact that accA2 mutants appear to be inviable suggests that this gene encodes a biotinylated protein that might be shared with other carboxyl transferases essential for the growth of S. coelicolor.
Effects of selected herbs and essential oils , and their active components on feed intake and performance of broilers – a review

Natural feed additives of plant origin, also referred to as phytogenic substances are healthier, less regarded as chemical hazards and generally regarded as safe (GRAS; BURDOCK and CARABIN, 2004). Herbs and herbal products are incorporated in poultry diets to replace synthetic products in order to stimulate or promote the effective use of feed nutrients which may subsequently result in more rapid body weight (BW) gain, higher production rates and improved feed efficiency. Moreover, active components of herbs may improve digestion and stimulate the immune function in broilers (GHAZALAH and ALI, 2008). Great amounts of these active components can also be found in essential oils (EO) of the associated plant or herb. Essential oils are mainly extracted by steam distillation from diverse plant material. Hence, the chemical composition and concentration of active components varies greatly dependent on their source. Since the EU banned most of the antibiotic growth promoters in broiler nutrition (ANONYMOUS, 2003) due to cross and multiple resistance (NEU, 1992), much research has been conducted to explore the use of plants, plant extracts and EO as effective substitutes. In some studies the ability of EO to be used as alternative growth promoters has already been proven and thus started to play a decisive role in nutrition of poultry. Anyhow, only limited research is available, which handicaps full comprehension of physiological responses. Until active components and their mode of action are identified in poultry, standardization will be imprecise (APPLEGATE et al., 2010). Recently, BRENES and ROURA (2010) published a review which gives a brief summary of main effects of EO in poultry nutrition. However, this illustration did mainly focus on the mode of action of EO, rather than going into details that concern performance characteristics of broilers. Likewise, WINDISCH et al. (2008, 2009) contributed reviews on phytogenic feed additives to young piglets and poultry. It was concluded that the respective additives act mainly through a combination of different modes such as antioxidative and antimicrobial action as well as effects on gut tissue. Nevertheless, and despite these solid overviews, the studies comprised mainly plant extracts or commercial products, consisting of different active components which were not clearly defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to give an overview on and definition of phytogenic feed additives such as herbs, their EO, chemical composition and mode of action, as well as on the use of these ingredients in broiler diets with particular attention paid to feed intake and performance characteristics.