Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 27 attenuates collagen-induced arthritis

Objective: To investigate the potential role of interleukin (IL) 27 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by examining the expression of IL27 in the articular joints of patients with RA and the effect of recombinant IL27 in vivo in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods: Synovial membranes from patients with RA were examined for the presence of IL27 by immunohistochemistry and by western blot. Mice developing CIA were treated with IL27 and the ensuing disease progression and immunological profile determined. The effect of IL27 on T-cell response in vitro was also ascertained. Results: IL27 was clearly detected in the RA synovial membranes. Short-term administration of IL27 at the onset of the disease significantly attenuated disease severity compared with untreated controls. Histological examination showed that while untreated mice developed severe cellular infiltration in the joints, synovial hyperplasia and joint erosion, this pathology was profoundly reduced in IL27-treated animals. Treatment of mice with IL27 also decreased the amounts of serum IL6 and collagen-specific IgG2a. Spleen and lymph node cells from the IL27-treated mice produced significantly less interferon γ and IL17 than cells from the control mice when cultured with collagen in vitro. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that IL27 may be a potential therapeutic agent against RA at the onset of the disease.
Language Based Verification Tools for Functional Programs (Dagstuhl Seminar 16131)

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 16131 "Language Based Verification Tools for Functional Programs". This seminar is motivated by two converging trends in computing -- the increasing reliance on software has led to an increased interest in seeking formal, reliable means of ensuring that programs possess crucial correctness properties, and the dramatic increase in adoption of higher-order functional languages due to the web, multicore and "big data" revolutions. While the research community has studied the problem of language based verification for imperative and first-order programs for decades – yielding important ideas like Floyd-Hoare Logics, Abstract Interpretation, Model Checking, and Separation Logic and so on – it is only relatively recently, that proposals have emerged for language baseverification tools for functional and higher-order programs. These techniques include advanced type systems, contract systems, model checking and program analyses specially tailored to exploit the structure of functional languages. These proposals are from groups based in diverse research communities, attacking the problem from different angles, yielding techniques with complementary strengths. This seminar brought diverse set of researchers together so that we could: compare the strengths and limitations of different approaches, discuss ways to unify the complementary advantages of different techniques, both conceptually and in tools, share challenging open problems and application areas where verification may be most effective, identify novel ways of using verification techniques for other software engineering tasks such as code search or synthesis, and improve the pedagogy and hence adoption of such techniques.
Anastomotic breaking strength and healing of anastomoses in rat intestine with and without chronic radiation damage.

OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of chronic radiation damage on anastomotic healing in the small bowel in rats. DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. SETTING University hospital, Sweden. MATERIAL 90 male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS A short segment of the distal ileum was exteriorised and irradiated with a single dose (experimental group, n = 45) or exposed only (control group, n = 45). Twenty weeks later resection and anastomosis were done within this segment using 7/0 polypropylene. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The anastomotic breaking strength, the amount of perianastomotic hydroxyproline, and the number of anastomotic complications. RESULTS The breaking strength and the amount of perianastomotic hydroxyproline were higher in the irradiated than in the non-irradiated group. In contrast, anastomotic complications were significantly more common in irradiated animals. CONCLUSION Anastomotic complications in irradiated intestine are not related to the amount of perianastomotic collagen or to breaking strength.
Slippage of Steel in High and Normal Strength Concrete

Composite action of any reinforced concrete member is only possible if sufficient bond strength exists between steel reinforcing bars and concrete, which can adequately transfer shear stress between them. Bond strength is a function of compressive strength of concrete and hence high strength concrete has higher bond strength [1-2]. Therefore required development length can be reduced. In order to investigate the effect of development length on bond stress and slip relationships, experimental investigation was carried out. In this experimentation 24 pull-out samples of high strength concrete and normal strength concrete were casted and tested. The results of this investigation revealed that by increasing the development length from 5db to 10db bond strength increases for both high and normal strength concrete as shown in Figure 11, 12 and 13. However incase of normal strength concrete increase in bond strength is more compared to that in high strength concrete as it is clear from Figure 11 and Figure 13. The increase in bond strength is observed even at 10db development length but the extent is less for 19 mm than 16 mm bars as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13. This is in agreement with the earlier findings of Chen et al [3] and Harajli et al [1]. However incase of HSC the total slippage at 10db is 50% greater than at 5db. This may be due to the fact that more no of concrete keys participate in resisting the slippage.
Diabetes increases the risk of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND & AIMS An association between diabetes and chronic liver disease has been reported. However, the temporal relationship between these conditions remains unknown. METHODS We identified all patients with a hospital discharge diagnosis of diabetes between 1985 and 1990 using the computerized records of the Department of Veterans Affairs. We randomly assigned 3 patients without diabetes for every patient with diabetes. We excluded patients with concomitant liver disease. The remaining cohort was followed through 2000 for the occurrence of chronic nonalcoholic liver disease (CNLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hazard rate ratios (HRR) were determined in Cox proportional hazard survival analysis. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 173,643 patients with diabetes and 650,620 patients without diabetes. Most were men (98%). Patients with diabetes were older (62 vs. 54 years) than patients without diabetes. The incidence of chronic nonalcoholic liver disease was significantly higher among patients with diabetes (incidence rate: 18.13 vs. 9.55 per 10,000 person-years, respectively, P < 0.0001). Similar results were obtained for HCC (incidence rate: 2.39 vs. 0.87 per 10,000 person-years, respectively, P < 0.0001). Diabetes was associated with an HRR of 1.98 (95% CI: 1.88 to 2.09, P < 0.0001) of CNLD and an HRR of 2.16 (1.86 to 2.52, P < 0.0001) of hepatocellular carcinoma. Diabetes carried the highest risk among patients with longer than 10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Among men with diabetes, the risk of CNLD and HCC is doubled. This increase in risk is independent of alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, or demographic features.
Preventing repetition of attempted suicide—II. The Amager Project, a randomized controlled trial

Repetition after attempted suicide is high but only few effect studies have been carried out. The Baerum Model from Norway offers practical and affordable intervention for those not being offered psychiatric treatment. During a period from 2005–2007, all attempted suicide patients except those with major psychiatric diagnoses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe/psychotic depression), were offered participation. The intervention group received the OPAC programme (outreach, problem solving, adherence, continuity) and the control group received treatment as usual (TAU). The intervention period was 6 months. After this intervention period, all patients were followed passively for an extra 6 months. The design was an intent-to-treat one. The outcomes were: 1) repetition of attempted suicide or suicide, and 2) total number of suicidal acts. A total of 200 patients were offered participation, 67 refused. Of the 133 participants, 69 were randomized to the OPAC programme and 64 to the (non-intervention) control group. Four in each group dropped out after initial participation. There was a significant lower proportion who repeated a suicide attempt the intervention group (proportion 8.7%) than in the control group (proportion 21.9%) and the number of repetitive acts was also significant lower (eight repetitions in the intervention group vs. 22 in the control group). In conclusion, our findings suggest a protective effect of the OPAC programme on the proportion who repeated a suicide attempt and on the total number of repetitions during the follow-up.
Heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr) in fish, water and sediments sampled form Southern Caspian Sea, Iran

Environmental pollution is a worldwide problem, heavy metals belonging to the most important pollutants. The progress of industries has led to increased emission of pollutants into ecosystems. Southern Caspian Sea coast is one of the most important aquasystems at the eastern south of Caspian Sea, which receives effluents discharges from heavily industrialized and highly populated settlements. Metals tend to accumulate in water and move up through the food chain. So, studies to ascertain the level of heavy metals in environment and determine potentially hazardous levels for human are necessary. In this investigation, concentration of four heavy metals (zinc [Zn], chromium (Cr), cadmium, [Cd] and lead [Pb]) in three species of most-consumed fishes, water and sediments have been determined. Samples were collected from 10 stations along the Southern coast of Caspian Sea, in spring 2008. Heavy metal concentrations were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Then, the data were analyzed by means of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical analysis. The results showed that the highest concentration of heavy metals in water and fish and sediment samples were related to Pb and Zn. The minimal and maximal concentrations of these metals in fishes, water and sediments were 53.67—2360.67 and 50.36—2497.25 for Pb and Zn, respectively. However, the observed heavy metals concentrations in fish, water and sediments were below the recommended limits. The investigation showed elevating levels of heavy metals in environment. Thus, a serious notification to industrial and manmade pollution, which can lead to ecosystem and food chain contamination, is necessary.
Quantifying current-dependant quantum efficiency photodiode nonlinearities

Nonlinearities in the RF output of a p-i-n photodiode are attributed to photocurrent-dependent changes in the photodiode quantum efficiency (responsivity). Physical causes of the current dependence are discussed, and a mathematical model for calculating the resulting distortion power is presented. Photodiode responsivity is measured and used to calculate distortion, which is then compared to measured nonlinearity data.
Novel BMI-and Sex-specific Gene Expression 1 Signatures for Human Cardiac Hypertrophy 2

Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Novel BMIand Sex-specific Gene Expression 1 Signatures for Human Cardiac Hypertrophy 2 Mackenzie S. Newman, Tina Nguyen, Michael J Watson, Robert W Hull, Han-Gang Yu 3 Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department 4 of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Virginia 5 University, Morgantown, WV, USA 6
A Game Theoretic Explanation of Economic Growth

This paper uses game theory to explain economic growth. It explores a possible reason outside the purview of conventional explanations of economic growth. The paper does not consider natural resources, human capital or capital endowment of a country in determining it being rich or poor. Alternatively, it uses game theory to capture the inconspicuous features of a society that may lead to it being prosperous or not. It shows that cooperative games among the citizens lead a poor country to become rich over time while non-cooperative games can make a developed country become poor over time. Also, the paper provides real life explanations supporting this notion. Finally, the paper explores possible reasons for societies choosing cooperative and non-cooperative games.
Towards bounded wait-free PASIS

I. INTRODUCTION The PASIS read/write protocol implements a Byzantine fault-tolerant erasure-coded atomic register. The prototype PASIS storage system implementation provides excellent best-case performance. Writes require two round trips and contention- and failure-free reads require one. Unfortunately, even though writes and reads are wait-free in PASIS, Byzantine components can induce correct clients to perform an unbounded amount of work. This unbounded amount of work can take one of two forms: an unbounded number of protocol steps to complete a read or arbitrarily-sized timestamps. Correct clients may have to read back in logical time to complete a read that is concurrent to a write; Byzantine components can induce a correct client to perform this protocol step an unbounded number of times. A correct client advances logical time by a single unit with every write. A Byzantine component can advance logical time by an arbitrary amount, thus creating an arbitrarily-sized timestamp. Such timestamps require every read and write to perform an unbounded amount of work. In this extended abstract, we enumerate the avenues by which Byzantine servers and clients can induce correct clients to perform an unbounded amount of work in PASIS. We sketch extensions to the PASIS protocol [1] and Lazy Verification [2] that bound the amount of work Byzantine components can induce correct clients to perform. We present the extensions necessary to constrain Byzantine servers separately from those necessary to constrain Byzantine clients. We believe that the extensions provide bounded wait-free [3] reads and writes. As with (unbounded wait-free) PASIS, we assume an unbounded amount of server storage space. We also
ANDROGEN REPLACEMENT WITH ORAL TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATE IN HYPOGONADAL MEN: A DOUBLE BLIND CONTROLLED STUDY

The effects of androgen withdrawal and replacement were investigated in six hypergonadotrophic and six hypogonadotrophic men with hypogonadism. A double blind cross‐over design was used comparing testosterone undecanoate (T.U., Organon International), 160 mg daily by mouth, with placebo. There was a significant effect of T.U. on all measures of sexual interest and behaviour. Sexual interest increased within the first week of T.U. administration, ejaculation usually returning within the second week. Behavioural responses were similar in the hyper‐ and hypogonadotrophic groups.
Perfect alignment and preferential orientation of nitrogen-vacancy centers during chemical vapor deposition diamond growth on (111) surfaces

Synthetic diamond production is a key to the development of quantum metrology and quantum information applications of diamond. The major quantum sensor and qubit candidate in diamond is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center. This lattice defect comes in four different crystallographic orientations leading to an intrinsic inhomogeneity among NV centers, which is undesirable in some applications. Here, we report a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition diamond growth technique on (111)-oriented substrates, which yields perfect alignment (94% ± 2%) of as-grown NV centers along a single crystallographic direction. In addition, clear evidence is found that the majority (74% ± 4%) of the aligned NV centers were formed by the nitrogen being first included in the (111) growth surface and then followed by the formation of a neighboring vacancy on top. The achieved homogeneity of the grown NV centers will tremendously benefit quantum information and metrology applications.
SUOMI NPP VIIRS emissive band radiance calibration and analysis

VIIRS thermal emissive bands (TEB) have been analyzed. The analysis results indicate the VIIRS TEB is stable and exceeds the specification. Comparisons between the VIIRS and other sensors such as AVHRR, MODIS and CrIS demonstrated that VIIRS TEB agrees well with those sensors. Using Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), developed at U.S. Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA), we found that M12 band image striping at day time over a uniform ocean was caused by the difference of sensor azimuthal angles among detectors.
2 . Literature Reviewe 2 . 1 Customer Lifetime Value Customer Lifetime Value models

Electronic commerce contains a lot of applications. Product recommendation is one of useful application of electronic commerce. Recommending right products to right customers enhances the customer’s utility and firm profitability. Different customer types have different interests, so firms should firstly segment customers in to groups and recommend right product to them. The main purpose of this paper is to clustering customers based on Customer lifetime Value and then recommending product to different groups of customers with association rule mining technique. We use one electronic retailing in our study. Keywords-component; product recommendation; Customer Lifetime Value; electronic commerce;data mining; customer loyalty
Four centuries of geomagnetic secular variation from historical records

We present a new model of the magnetic field at the core–mantle boundary for the interval 1590–1990. The model, called gufm1, is based on a massive new compilation of historical observations of the magnetic field. The greater part of the new dataset originates from unpublished observations taken by mariners engaged in merchant and naval shipping. Considerable attention is given to both correction of data for possible mislocation (originating from poor knowledge of longitude) and to proper allocation of error in the data. We adopt a stochastic model for uncorrected positional errors that properly accounts for the nature of the noise process based on a Brownian motion model. The variability of navigational errors as a function of the duration of the voyages that we have analysed is consistent with this model. For the period before 1800, more than 83 000 individual observations of magnetic declination were recorded at more than 64 000 locations; more than 8000 new observations are for the 17th century alone. The time–dependent field model that we construct from the dataset is parametrized spatially in terms of spherical harmonics and temporally in B–splines, using a total of 36 512 parameters. The model has improved the resolution of the core field, and represents the longest continuous model of the field available. However, full exploitation of the database may demand a new modelling methodology.
An update on the cytokine network in rheumatoid arthritis

Purpose of reviewTo update the knowledge accumulated on the contribution of cytokines to rheumatoid arthritis and related animal models. Publications from the end of 2002 and 2003 period were analyzed for a selection. Recent findingsA better understanding of the clinical results with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors has come from studies in treated patients. The expected effect of infliximab on the apoptosis of cells expressing tumor necrosis factor-α was not observed in synovium biopsy specimens. The mode of action of tumor necrosis factor-α on bone destruction has been clarified in gene-defective mice. Tumor necrosis factor-α acts through osteoclasts—an effect that is inhibited with osteoprotegerin. New interleukin-1 inhibitors with a potential for increased efficacy, such as interleukin-1trap, have been manufactured and are now being tested in rheumatoid arthritis. The list of cytokines of interest for therapeutic intervention has been growing rapidly. The results with animal models have provided clues to control arthritis with natural interleukin-18 inhibitors, such as interleukin-18 BP. Additional results have been accumulated that indicate the contribution of T cell subsets in inflammation and destruction through the production of interleukin-17. Synergistic interactions with other cytokines are critical in the interleukin-17 tuning effects. Macrophage inhibitory factor was described many years ago. Its comeback is based on properties of synoviocyte activation and proliferation. SummarySuch findings are critical for a better understanding of response heterogeneity in patients treated with the cytokine inhibitors now on the market. New therapeutic approaches are been planned from these results.
Is Mandarin Chinese a Truth-Based Language? Rejecting Responses to Negative Assertions and Questions

This paper addresses the central question of whether Mandarin Chinese (MC) is a canonical truth-based language, a language that is expected to express the speaker's disagreement to a negative proposition by means of a negative particle followed by a positive sentence. Eight native speakers of MC participated in an oral Discourse Completion Task that elicited rejecting responses to negative assertions/questions and broad focus statements (control condition). Results show that MC speakers convey reject by relying on a combination of lexico-syntactic strategies (e.g., negative particles such as bù, méi(yǒu), and positive sentences) together with prosodic (e.g., mean pitch) and gestural strategies (mainly, the use of head nods). Importantly, the use of a negative particle, which was the expected outcome in truth-based languages, only appeared in 52% of the rejecting answers. This system puts into question the macroparametric division between truth-based and polarity-based languages and calls for a more general view of the instantiation of a reject speech act that integrates lexical and syntactic strategies with prosodic and gestural strategies.
Design of a digital signal current detector

The single-phase earthed protection based on the S' signal injection method has been successfully applied for more than ten years in non-effective earthed power system in China. Detecting and processing the injected weaker diagnostic current has always been implemented by analog integrated circuits. But its measuring accuracy and interference rejection are limited. So, a digital signal current detector (DSCD) is designed in this paper. According to characteristics of the injected diagnostic current and requirements for detecting it, the design solution for the DSCD is proposed. High performance digital filters are designed. And the amplitude of the injected current is calculated by Fourier algorithm. The DSCD samples the injected diagnostic current by the high-accuracy Analog-to-Digital converter ADS8325 and processes it by the mixed signal microcontroller MSP430 family. Field applications verified the effectiveness of the project.