Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of processing method on accelerated weathering of wood-flour/HDPE composites

Wood-plastic lumber is promoted as being a low-maintenance, high-durability product. How-ever, it has-been shown that wood-plastic composites (WPC) exposed to accelerated weathering may experience a color change and/or loss in mechanical properties. Different methods of manufacturing WPCs lead to different surface characteristics, which can influence weathering. In this study, 50 percent woodflour-filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composite samples were either injection molded, extruded, or extruded and then planed to study material with surface effects removed. Different processing methods produced composites with different surface components. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to chemically show these differences. The surface of planed samples exhibited more of a wood component than extruded and injection molded com-Stark: posites, respectively. Samples underwent accelerated weathering in a xenon-arc weathering apparatus and were removed after 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 hours of accelerated weathering. The samples were analyzed for color fade, and loss of flexural modulus of elasticity and strength. It was shown that final lightness (i.e., a measure of re-flected light) of the samples after weathering was not dependent upon the manufacturing method. However, mechanical property loss due to weathering was dependant upon the
Comparison of quality characteristics of selected yellow-and white-fleshed peach cultivars

Physical, chemical and sensory characteristics and volatile constituents of five yellow-and six white-fleshed peach cultivars were compared. The soluble solids/titratable acidity ratios were significantly higher and the Minolta “b” values were significantly lower for white-fleshed than for yellow-fleshed cultivars. Shelf life of white-fleshed fruit equalled that of yellow-fleshed fruit. Amounts of five compounds that contribute significantly to typical peach aroma were significantly higher in white-fleshed than in yellow-fleshed peaches. Generally, flesh color showed little influence on hedonic scores, peach impact and sweet/sour balance.
Experimental observation of negative differential resistance from an InAs/GaSb interface

We have observed negative differential resistance at room temperature from devices consisting of a single interface between n-type InAs and p-type GaSb. InAs and GaSb have a type II staggered band alignment; hence, the negative differential resistance arises from the same mechanism as in a p+-n+ tunnel diode. Room-temperature peak current densities of 8.2×10^4 A/cm^2 and 4.2×10^4 A/cm^2 were measured for structures with and without undoped spacer layers at the heterointerface, respectively.
Heck Coupling in Ionic Liquids

Synthetic and medicinal chemistry intersect at the production of compounds. However there are stark contracts in approach with synthetic chemistry typically producing complex molecules and developing synthetic approaches. In medicinal chemistry, the focus is on compound access to facilitate compound screening and structure activity data acquisition to enable the synthesis of more active compounds. Medicinal chemistry relies on a small range of highly robust and reliable reactions to gain access to a wide array of potentially bioofi‐ cal reactions. [1, 2]
Advanced 3D and in-situ TEM approaches applied to carbon-based and zeolitic nanomaterials

In this thesis, advanced Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques are used to characterize and fabricate new nanomaterials with applications in nanoelectronics and catalysis. Three types of functionalized materials are investigated: nanopatterned few-layer graphene (FLG), carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and mesoporous zeolites. The nanopatterning process of FLG flakes by iron nanoparticles (NPs) is studied using an approach combining electron tomography (ET) and environmental TEM. The role of the nanoparticle faceting and of the FLG topographic parameters has been quantitatively determined leading to the first determination of the operating mechanism of the patterning process. The mass transfer of metallic-based NPs between two carbon nanostructures was studied as well in real-time by using a TEMSTMholder. The protocol of controlling the mass transfer, the chemical and structural transformations of the NPs, the growth mechanism of the new NPs and other related phenomena were carefully investigated.The last part deals with the low-dose ET investigation of the porosity induced in two classes of zeolites,ZSM-5 and zeolite Y, by an innovative fluoride-based chemical treatment.
Triterpenoids and steroids from Holarrhena pubescens seeds

In present study, three known pentacyclic triterpenoids namely lupeol, betulinaldehyde, and betulinic acid and a steroidal compound stigmasterol were isolated from the seeds of Holarrhena pubescens (Buch. Ham.) (Apocynaceae); commonly known as Kurchi in commerce. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and comparison with the authentic samples.
(S)-(+)-2-[2-(Biphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl­ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazolium hydrogen oxalate

The (+)-enantiomer of 2-[2-(biphenyl-2-yl)-1-methylethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole is known to produce inter­esting hypotensive effects via inhibition of I1-imidazoline receptors. The crystal structure of its hydrogen oxalate salt, C18H21N2+·C2HO4−, has now been determined at 170 K, allowing the assignment of the absolute configuration of the parent mol­ecule. The solid-state structure is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds between the ions.
Spectroscopic studies of small to large polaron crossover in the perovskite manganese oxides

We present an optical reflectance and Raman-scattering study of the ${A}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{A}_{x}^{\ensuremath{'}}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ system as a function of temperature and doping $(0.2l~xl~0.5). $ The metal-semiconductor transition in the ${A}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{A}_{x}^{\ensuremath{'}}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ system is characterized by a change from a diffusive electronic Raman-scattering response in the high-temperature paramagnetic phase, to a flat continuum scattering response in the low-temperature ferromagnetic phase. We interpret this change in the scattering response as a crossover from a small-polaron-dominated regime at high temperatures to a large-polaron-dominated low-temperature regime. Interestingly, we observe evidence for the coexistence of large and small polarons in the low-temperature ferromagnetic phase. We contrast these results with those obtained for ${\mathrm{EuB}}_{6},$ which is a low-${T}_{c}$ magnetic semiconductor with similar properties to the manganites, but with a substantially reduced carrier density and polaron energy.
Determination of Mass Transfer Rates in PVDF and PTFE Hollow Fiber Membranes for CO2 Absorption

The gas–liquid mass transfer accompanied by chemical reaction was studied in a membrane absorber for the separation of CO2 from mixture gases. The membranes used were made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) and the aqueous MEA solution was used as an absorbent possessing a high chemical reaction with carbon dioxide. The numerical model for the CO2 concentration profile in a fiber was developed, and the influence of its flux on the external mass transfer resistances, including gas and membrane, was simulated with this numerical model and compared with the experimental results. Experimentally, it is found that absorption rate per surface area was higher in PVDF membrane than that in PTFE membrane because of the non-wetted condition of membrane pore. The membrane pore wetted with an absorbent showed the low absorption performance by high membrane resistance. We could predict the liquid resistance and membrane–gas resistance (external resistance) from experimental and numerical mass transfer coefficient data.
Photosystem II, the Light-Driven Water: Plastoquinone Oxidoreductase

9 I am delighted to announce the publication, in 10 Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration 11 (AIPH) Series, of Photosystem II: The Light-Dri12 ven Water: Plastoquinone Oxidoreductase, a book 13 covering the central role of the oxygen-evolving 14 system for life on earth; it deals with both the 15 structure and the function of this unique process. 16 Two distinguished authorities have edited this 17 volume: Thomas J. Wydrzynski of Australia and 18 Kimiyuki Satoh of Japan. Some of the earlier 19 volumes have included descriptions of Photosys20 tem II: Volume 4 (Oxygenic Photosynthesis: The 21 Light Reactions, edited by Donald R. Ort and 22 Charles F. Yocum); Volume 10 (Photosynthesis: 23 Photobiochemistry and Photobiophysics, authored 24 by Bacon Ke); and Volume 19 (Chlorophyll a 25 Fluorescence: A Signature of Photosynthesis, edited 26 by George C. Papageorgiou and Govindjee). The 27 current volume follows the 21 volumes listed 28 below.
Synthesis of Folate Conjugated Fluorescent Nanoparticle Probe and Its Application in Cervical Cancer Cell Imaging

Abstract Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide with 80% of cases arising in the developing world, following cancer of the breast. The mortality associated with cervical cancer can be reduced if this disease is detected in a timely fashion. In this study, a folate conjugated fluorescent nanoparticle (FCFN) probe was used to detect cervical cancer cells. Fluorescent nanoparticles (FNs), with excellent characteristics such as nontoxicity and photostability, were first synthesized with a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly modified Stőber synthesis method and then successfully modified with folate. This kind of fluorescence probe based on FCFNs has been used to detect cervical cancer cells with fluorescence microscopy imaging technology. The experimental results demonstrate that the FCFNs can effectively recognize cervical cancer cells and exhibit good sensitivity and exceptional photostability; they would provide a novel way for the diagnosis and curative effect observation of cervical cancer cells and offer a new method in detecting folate receptors (FR).
HPTLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF EMODIN AND CHRYSOPHANOL IN Cassia tora LINN METHANOLIC EXTRACT

Anthraquinone glycosides are the major constituents of Cassia tora Linn (Caesulpinaceae) among which emodin and chrysophanol were found to be the active glycosides present as major constituents. The objective of the present article is to develop a simple, precise, and rapid thin-layer chromatographic method for the simultaneous estimation of emodin and chrysophanol in Cassia tora extract and to validate the method as per ICH guidelines. TLC analysis was performed on precoated silica gel 60 F254 plates with Toluene: ethyl acetate (9:1) as mobile phase. On scanning at 435 nm emodin and chrysophanol had shown good resolution with Rf values “0.31 ± 0.02 and 0.85 ± 0.03,” respectively. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The percentage content of emodin and chrysophanol was found to be 0.037 and 0.067%, respectively. The linearity range was found to be 10–300 µg/band and average recovery values were found to be 94 and 95% for emodin and chrysophanol, respectively. The developed method did not involve any derivatisation procedure and thus was found to be simple, precise, and reproducible for the routine analysis of emodin and chrysophanol.
Ultra-fast synthesis and thermoelectric properties of Te doped skutterudites

The self-propagating-high-temperature-synthesis (SHS) technique is applied here for the first time to synthesize CoSb3 thermoelectric materials. Mixtures of Co and Sb powders were compacted into pellets which were ignited from one end. A single-phase skutterudite material was obtained in a very short period of time using the SHS process which is maintained by the heat released from the chemical reaction of Co with Sb. Thermodynamic parameters and kinetics of the SHS reaction are investigated. The ignition temperature, adiabatic temperature, and the propagation speed of the combustion wave in the synthesis of CoSb3 are 723 K, 861 K, and 1.25 mm s−1, respectively. Using the SHS technique followed by Plasma Activated Sintering (PAS), we synthesized high performance bulk skutterudites of composition CoSb2.85 Te0.15 with a ZT of 0.98 at 820 K, one of the highest ZT values for an unfilled form of skutterudites. Compared with the samples synthesized by the traditional methods, the synthesis time is shortened from the typical several days to less than 20 minutes. Our work opens a new avenue for ultra-fast, low cost, mass production fabrication of skutterudite-based materials, which may also be universally applicable for the synthesis of other thermoelectric materials.
Engenharia de requisitos de um software educacional com a participação de adolescentes

Tecnologias digitais fazem parte do cotidiano de diferentes pessoas e sao utilizadas para muitas finalidades, inclusive para apoio ao ensino e a aprendizagem. O computador oferece recursos para o fazer pedagogico, como o software educacional. Seu desenvolvimento envolve trabalho em equipe e deve considerar aspectos pedagogicos e seu publico-alvo, ou seja, os estudantes. Assim como as criancas, atraves do Design Participativo, adolescentes podem contribuir, como parceiros de design, durante todo o processo de desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias. Ao se realizar uma revisao da literatura para encontrar contribuicoes para o desenvolvimento de software educacional com a participacao de adolescentes, constatou-se a importância de serem observados aspectos pedagogicos e sobre o conteudo em perspectiva, mas nao foram observadas contribuicoes para a criacao de softwares educacionais com a participacao de adolescentes. Assim sendo, este Trabalho de Conclusao de Curso integra praticas de Design Participativo a Engenharia de Requisitos no contexto educacional, com a participacao de adolescentes, para subsidiar o desenvolvimento de um software educacional para o ensino e a aprendizagem de conteudo de Matematica. Participaram estudantes de uma turma de oitavo ano e a professora de Matematica da Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental Dr. Arthur Hormain, localizada no Polo Rural dos Pinheiros – municipio de Alegrete/RS. Como resultado, tem-se a Especificacao de Requisitos do jogo Sorvete Turbo, que organiza seus requisitos funcionais e nao funcionais, alem dos prototipos gerados pelos adolescentes. A partir dos requisitos organizados, o jogo deve ser desenvolvido como parte das atividades do programa de extensao GEInfoEdu – Grupo de Estudos em Informatica na Educacao.
OPTIMIZATION OF CULTURE CONDITIONS OF STREPTOMYCES CARPATICUS (MTCC-11062) FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUND

Objective: To improve the antimicrobial compound productivity of Streptomyces carpaticus (MTCC-11062) by optimizing its physical and chemical parameters Methods: Streptomyces carpaticus (MTCC-11062) was isolated from Visakhapatnam sea coast of Bay of Bengal and was screened for its antimicrobial activity by using agar well diffusion method. To improve the production of antimicrobial compound the medium composition and physical parameters were optimized and its productivity was studied against Bacillus cereus (MTCC 430) Escherichia coli (MTCC 443), Candida albicans (MTCC 227) obtained from MTCC, Chandigarh, India. Results: Optimum growth of mycelium and antimicrobial compound production occurred at pH 7.2, agitation 180 rpm and temperature 30 0 C with glucose 10g/L, soyabean meal 2.5g/L, K 2 HPO 4 2g/L, MgSO 4 1g/L, NaCl 7.5g/L and trace salts. Conclusion: The optimization of cultural conditions proposed in this paper has effetely improved the antimicrobial compound productivity of Streptomyces carpaticus (MTCC-11062).
Comparison of the maximum entropy and exponential series methods for the recovery of distributions of lifetimes from fluorescence lifetime data

The maximum entropy method and a new more robust exponential series method are described and tested for the recovery of underlying fluorescence lifetime distributions derived from digital fluorescence data. Both real and simulated data are used in this study. Except for the resolution of single-lifetime systems, it is found that the two methods are similar in their resolving powers. The problem of differentiating between the case of a continuous distribution and three discrete components is discussed. The effects of radio-frequency noise, background subtraction, time base, and data precision on the recovery of distributions are described.
SDN Based Mobility Management To Reduce Packet Loss Using Anchor Switch Selection

이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 다양한 이동성 프로토콜 이 제안되었다. 대표적인 이동성 프로토콜로는 PMIPv6가 있다. PMIPv6는 IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force) 에 의해 표준화된 기술이며, 이동 단말의 끊김 없는 서비 스를 지원해주는 네트워크 기반의 이동성 관리 프로토콜이 다. [1] 네트워크 기반의 이동성 관리 프로토콜이란 네트워 크에서 단말의 이동을 감지하고, 핸드오버 시그널링을 처 리하는 프로토콜을 의미한다. 이를 통해 핸드오버 성능 향 상, 핸드오버 관련 시그널링 비용 감소 등의 장점이 있 다. [2] 하지만, 끊김 없는 서비스 제공은 가능하나 여전히 핸드오버 중 패킷 손실일 발생하는 문제점이 있다. 패킷 손실률이 높을수록 단말이 제공받는 서비스에도 문제가 생 기며, 이는 곧 QoS(Quality of Service)로 연결되므로 패킷 손실률을 줄이기 위한 기법들이 꾸준히 연구되고 있다.
Low-Temperature Growth of SiO2 Films by Electron-Induced Ultrahigh Vacuum Chemical Vapor Deposition

Room temperature growth of SiO2 films was carried out using the method of electron-induced ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition with disilane ( Si2H6) and oxygen ( O2). The films were grown selectively on a Si(100) surface irradiated by an electron beam with an energy of 0.6–17 keV and a current density of 0.03–2.7 mA/cm2. The [O2]/[Si2H6] gas mixing ratio of 2 was most effective for obtaining the highest growth rate of the films. From the results of film characterization by refractive index, stoichiometry and catastrophic breakdown electric field measurements, we found that the films are much the same as thermally oxidized SiO2 films. Dependence of the growth rate on the incident angle of the electron beam on a surface and on the primary electron energy suggested that the growth kinetics of the SiO2 films are managed by an amount of secondary electrons generated from the film surface.
Formation energies and the stability of the oxides of K

The most common valencies associated with K and O atoms are 1+ and 2 − . As a result, one expects K2O to be the oxide of potassium which is the most stable with respect to its constituents. Calculating the formation energy within electronic structure calculations using hybrid functionals, one finds that K2O2 has the largest formation energy, implying the largest stability of this oxide of potassium with respect to its constituents. This is traced to the presence of oxygen dimers in the K2O2 structure which interact strongly resulting in a larger formation energy compared to the more ionic K2O.
Experimental demonstration of a low-cost tunable semiconductor DFB laser for access networks

A low-cost tunable semiconductor distributed feedback (DFB) laser design in access networks is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It covers 9 nm continuous tuning range by changing the temperature. The side mode suppression ratios are above 42 dB over the tuning range. The current and temperature coefficients of wavelength tuning are 0.0124 nm mA−1 and 0.0875 nm °C, respectively. The results indicate that the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp (REC) technique is promising to fabricate low-cost tunable DFB lasers meeting the requirement of wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM-PONs). It should be also noted that the tuning range can be easily extended by using more sections.
Coupled modeling of non-isothermal multiphase flow, solutetransport and reactive chemistry in porous and fractured media: 1. ModelDevelopment and Validation

Coupled modeling of subsurface multiphase fluid and heat flow, solute transport and chemical reactions can be used for the assessment of acid mine drainage remediation, mineral deposition, waste disposal sites, hydrothermal convection, contaminant transport, and groundwater quality. Here they present a numerical simulation model, TOUGHREACT, which considers non-isothermal multi-component chemical transport in both liquid and gas phases. A wide range of subsurface thermo-physical-chemical processes is considered. The model can be applied to one-, two- or three-dimensional porous and fractured media with physical and chemical heterogeneity. The model can accommodate any number of chemical species present in liquid, gas and solid phases. A variety of equilibrium chemical reactions is considered, such as aqueous complexation, gas dissolution/exsolution, cation exchange, and surface complexation. Mineral dissolution/precipitation can proceed either subject to local equilibrium or kinetic conditions. The coupled model employs a sequential iteration approach with reasonable computing efficiency. The development of the governing equations and numerical approach is presented along with the discussion of the model implementation and capabilities. The model is verified for a wide range of subsurface physical and chemical processes. The model is well suited for flow and reactive transport in variably saturated porous and fractured media. In the second of more » this two-part paper, three applications covering a variety of problems are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the model. « less
Vom Brutkasten nach Hause.

Familien mit Fruhgeborenen erleben nach der spezialisierten und intensiven Betreuung in der Neonatologie eine Versorgungslucke. Fur den Ubergang nach Hause in den Alltag haben die Universitatsklinik fur Kinderheilkunde und die Berner Fachhochschule im Projekt «Transition to Home after Preterm Birth» ein neues Modell der integrierten Versorgung entwickelt. Die Zusammenarbeit im interprofessionellen Team ist dabei vorbildlich.
On the divergent behavior of Møller–Plesset perturbation theory for the molecular electric dipole moment

We have recently shown [J. Chem. Phys. 110, 7127 (1999)] that the Moller–Plesset perturbation theory series diverges for the equilibrium dipole and quadrupole moments of HF when the basis set contains diffuse functions. Here, we show that the divergence, as for the energy, is caused by highly excited diffuse back-door intruder states. The HF study is extended to include a stretched geometry, where divergence is also observed in a basis set that does not contain diffuse functions. For BH and CH2, a very slow monotonic convergence is observed. The different convergent/divergent behaviors are qualitatively reproduced by a simple two-state model. The slow convergence or divergence is more pronounced for the dipole moment than for the energy. These observations seriously question the use of higher-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory for calculations of simple electric properties.
CHARACTERIZATION OF FOOD SURFACES USING SCALE‐SENSITIVE FRACTAL ANALYSIS

Length-scale and area-scale analyses, two of the scale-sensitive fractal analyses performed by the software Surfraxhttp://www.surfract. com, were used to study food surfaces measured with a scanning laser microscope (SLM). The SLM measures surfaces, or textures (i.e., acquires topographical data as a collection of heights as a function of position), at a spatial and vertical resolution of 25 μm. The measured textures are analyzed by using linear and areal tiling (length-scale and area-scale analysis) and by conventional statistical analyses. Area-scale and length-scale fractal complexities (Lsfc and Asfc) and the smooth-rough crossover (SRC) are derived from the scale-sensitive fractal analyses. Both measures proved adequate to quantify and differentiate surfaces of foods (e.g., chocolate and a slice of bread), which were smooth or porous to the naked eye. Surfaces generated after frying of potato products (e.g., potato chips and French fries) had similar values of Asfc and SRC, and larger (implying more complex and rougher surfaces) than those of the raw potato. Variability of surface texture characterization parameters as a function of the size of the measured region was used in selecting the size of the measured regions for further analysis. The length-scale method of profile analysis (also called the Richardson or compass method) was useful in determining the directionality or lay of the anisotropic texture on food surfaces.