Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Framework For Protecting The Privacy In Web Search

Customized web pursuit could be customizing so as to promise because of enhance hunt quality indexed lists for people with individual information objectives. Then again, client's region unit uncomfortable with uncovering non-open inclination data to make a go at looking motors. On the inverse hand, security isn't total, and occasionally will be traded off if there's an addition in commission or benefit to the client. Therefore, a parity ought to be stricken between hunt quality and security insurance. This paper shows a climbable way for clients to mechanically assemble made client profiles. These profiles abridge a client's advantage into a stratified association in venture with particular hobbies. 2 parameters for determining protection needs range unit wanted to help the client to settle on the substance and level of point of interest of the profile data that is presented to the PC program. Trials demonstrated that the client profile enhanced hunt quality contrasted with plain MSN rankings. a great deal of altogether, results checked our theory that a noteworthy change on hunt quality will be accomplished by exclusively sharing some larger amount client profile information, that is most likely less touchy than intricate individual data.
Prevalence and Antibiotics Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni in Retail Chickens in Oyo State, Nigeria

Increasing demand and production of animal protein in Nigeria require safety assessment of associated food borne pathogens for consumer protection. Unhygienic handling of chickens during processing is a common practice at retail markets and poultry slaughter slabs in Nigeria with possibility of foodborne pathogen contamination including Campylobacter . Published data on Campyloba cter in poultry meat in Nigeria are scanty. In this study, Campylobacterjejuni were isolated from chicken samples obtained from retail markets in Ibadan to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility using Campylobacter standard culture technique. Out of 252 chicken samples collected, Campylobacter jejuni was isolated in 242 (96.0% prevalence) samples. Susceptibility test indicated that the isolates were 100.0% resistance to nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and erythromycin and resistance of 38.0%, 46.0%, 50.0% and 58.0% to enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline respectively. Food safety risk could result from direct contamination and cross contamination of carcasses during evisceration and unhygienic rinsing of multiple carcasses from different farms. While the high resistance to commonly used antibiotics could be due to unregulated misuse of veterinary drugs commonly practiced in Nigerian poultry production. Prudence use of antibiotics in poultry, hygienic handling and thorough cooking of poultry products will ensure food safety. Keywords: Campylobacter , antibiotics resistance, chickens, food safety, Nigeria
Sources of Uncertainty in Predicting Land Surface Fluxes Using Diverse Data and Models

In the domain of predicting land surface fluxes, models are used to bring data from large observation networks and satellite remote sensing together to make predictions about present and future states of the Earth. Characterizing the uncertainty about such predictions is a complex process and one that is not yet fully understood. Uncertainty exists about initialization, measurement and interpolation of input variables; model parameters; model structure; and mixed spatial and temporal supports. Multiple models or structures often exist to describe the same processes. Uncertainty about structure is currently addressed by running an ensemble of different models and examining the distribution of model outputs. To illustrate structural uncertainty, a multi-model ensemble experiment we have been conducting using the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS) will be discussed. TOPS uses public versions of process-based ecosystem models that use satellite-derived inputs along with surface climate data and land surface characterization to produce predictions of ecosystem fluxes including gross and net primary production and net ecosystem exchange. Using the TOPS framework, we have explored the uncertainty arising from the application of models with different assumptions, structures, parameters, and variable definitions. With a small number of models, this only begins to capture the range of possible spatial fields of ecosystem fluxes. Few attempts have been made to systematically address the components of uncertainty in such a framework. We discuss the characterization of uncertainty for this approach including both quantifiable and poorly known aspects.
Religion and Health in Early Childhood: Evidence from South Asia

type="main"> This article studies early childhood health in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal, focusing on inequalities in anthropometric outcomes by religious adherence. India and Nepal have Hindu majorities, while Bangladesh is predominantly Muslim. The results suggest that Muslim infants have an advantage over Hindu infants in height-for-age in India (for boys and girls) and in Bangladesh (for boys). However, this advantage disappears beyond 12 months of age, at which point Hindu children in all three countries are found to have significantly better anthropometric outcomes than Muslim children. We report tests that rule out mortality selection and undertake falsification and robustness exercises that confirm these findings. Further results suggest that exposure to Ramadan fasting in utero may lead to positive selection of Muslim male infants, partially explaining the Muslim infant health advantage, but this does not fully explain the shift from Muslim advantage in infancy to Hindu advantage in childhood in all three countries.
Effect of Plant Roots on Soil Nutrient Distributions in Shanghai Urban Landscapes

Twenty-seven surface soil samples were collected from four landscape sites in Shanghai, and seven soil profile samples were gathered from the two older sites for evaluation of horizontal and vertical distribution of soil properties to reveal their relationship with plant roots. Results indicated that urban soil had significant heterogeneities. Soil total nitrogen was significantly correlated with organic matter and total potassium was more abundant than total phosphorus. The available contents of iron, manganese, zinc and copper were higher than the standards for plant growth established by Soltanpour. pH and electrical conductivity increased with increasing soil vertical depth, possibly due to leaching, while the nutrients limiting plant growth such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, copper and zinc had more shallow distributions due to absorption by plant roots. However, with the increasing of soil depth, contents of magnesium, sodium, sulfur and chloride increased due to leaching and bio-cycling, which was further shown by the correlation analysis.
COMBINED STATE OF CHARGE AND STATE OF HEALTH ESTIMATION FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES

This thesis examines the challenges faced in combined State of Charge(SoC) State of Health(SoH) estimation for lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries. To monitor battery state (both long term and short term), it is imperative to analyze the factors affecting the errors in estimation of SoC and health parameters such as capacity and internal resistance. A brief survey of the literature is done for the state-ofthe-art in battery state estimation and control with respect to the above stated parameters. Estimation of SoC, capacity and resistance over an extended period of use is studied using a first order equivalent circuit model to demonstrate the fundamental challenges faced in simultaneous estimation. Identifiability of system parameters pertaining to persistence of excitation (PE) in input signal and flatness of open circuit voltage(OCV) vs. SoC curve is studied using an Extended Kalman Filter,least squares estimation algorithm and Cramér-Rao bounds. Mathematical derivations supported by simulation studies are done to observe the effect of individual factors including noise levels, PE dither, SoC ranges, time and initial conditions on estimation error. A trade-off discussion supported by Monte-Carlo simulations is finally presented to explain the influence and importance of each factor pertinent to SoC-SoH diagnostics, prognostics and control.The results suggest that battery SoC-SoH parameter identifiability is dependent on: (1) Higher regions of the OCV-SoC curve which give better capacity estimates (2) PE dither which helps gain accuracy in resistance estimation.
Low‐volume intraplate volcanism in the Early/Middle Jurassic Pacific basin documented by accreted sequences in Costa Rica

Countless seamounts occur on Earth that can provide important constraints on intraplate volcanism and plate tectonics in the oceans, yet their nature and origin remain poorly known due to difficulties in investigating the deep ocean. We present here new lithostratigraphic, age and geochemical data from Lower/Middle Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sequences in the Santa Rosa accretionary complex, Costa Rica, which offer a valuable opportunity to study a small‐sized seamount from a subducted plate segment of the Pacific basin. The seamount is characterized by very unusual lithostratigraphic sequences with sills of potassic alkaline basalt emplaced within thick beds of radiolarite, basaltic breccia and hyaloclastite. An integration of new geochemical, biochronological and geochronological data with lithostratigraphic observations suggests that the seamount formed ~175 Ma ago on thick oceanic crust away from subduction zones and mid‐ocean ridges. This seamount traveled ~65 Ma in the Pacific before accretion. It resembles lithologically and compositionally “petit‐spot” volcanoes found off Japan, which form in response to plate flexure near subduction zones. Also, the composition of the sills and lava flows in the accreted seamount closely resembles that of potassic alkaline basalts produced by lithosphere cracking along the Line Islands chain. We hypothesize based on these observations, petrological constraints and formation of the accreted seamount coeval with the early stages of development of the Pacific plate that the seamount formed by extraction of small volumes of melt from the base of the lithosphere in response to propagating fractures at the scale of the Pacific basin.
Low Power Consuming Arm Exoskeleton Design Using Force Sensitive Resistors

Exoskeleton as a wearable robotic machine has a huge potential to be used in medical, industrial, civilian and military field as it can increase the user’s strength and endurance. The scope of this paper covers three major engineering fields which are mechanical, electronic and programming engineering. Design of the physical arm exoskeleton structure, actuator controller, and the microcontroller programming are included in this paper. A cost effective liner actuator which is able to generate large torque is used in the design. For the movement capturing part, two low-cost force sensitive resistors which are able to provide enough accuracy required to detect user motion are used. A linear actuator which can provide sufficient thrust and will not consume any power at any stationary position is chosen to drive the exoskeleton and for power saving purpose. The design arm exoskeleton has been tested and it is able to react according to the user arm movement and provide force to assist user in carrying heavy loads.
Aging of the Male Germline: Influence of Advanced Male Age on ReproductiveOutcome

The rise in life expectancy and the desire to establish a stable career prior to parenthood leads couples to a delayed childbearing. Advanced parental age at the time of pregnancy portrays several risks, with the majority of couples above 35 experiencing reproductive impairments. While the effect of women’s age on fertility is well known, the influence of paternal age is less understood. Thus, efforts have been made to comprehend the influence of APA on pregnancy upkeep and disease risk for the offspring. Over the last decades numerous studies aimed to establish the relationship between APA and male fertility potential. It has been found that APA is related to testicular and hormonal alterations, along with a decreased sperm production, quality and DNA integrity. As expected, these alterations compromise the reproductive potential of older men and have been associated with several fecundity problems, including increased time to pregnancy and abortion rates, and decreased fertilization and pregnancy rates. Additionally, alterations in offspring health, like genetic disorders, mental illnesses, congenital anomalies and cancer, have also been linked to APA. As a result, APA influence on the reproductive outcome must be taken into consideration when counseling couples attending family planning consultations or pursuing fertility treatments. Nonetheless, to date, there are still no definite results regarding this problem and an age threshold has yet not been established and additional research to better elucidate the effects of APA on fertility and offspring’s health is needed. Likewise, establishing an age threshold for APA would be of great value to males thinking of delaying parenthood, and to physicians for medical advice purposes
A typology of fisheries management tools: using experience to catalyse greater success

Fisheries provide nutrition and livelihoods for coastal populations, but many fisheries are fully or over-exploited and we lack an approach for analysing which factors affect management tool performance. We conducted a literature review of 390 studies to assess how fisheries characteristics affected management tool performance across both small-scale and large-scale fisheries. We defined success as increased or maintained abundance or biomass, reductions in fishing mortality or improvements in population status. Because the literature only covered a narrow set of biological factors, we also conducted an expert elicitation to create a typology of broader fishery characteristics, enabling conditions and design considerations that affect performance. The literature suggested that the most commonly used management tool in a region was often the most successful, although the scale of success varied. Management tools were more often deemed successful when used in combination, particularly pairings of tools that controlled fishing mortality or effort with spatial management. Examples of successful combinations were the use of catch limits with quotas and limited entry, and marine protected areas with effort restrictions. The most common factors associated with inadequate biological performance were 'structural' issues, including poor design or implementation. The expert-derived typologies revealed strong local leadership, high community involvement and governance capacity as common factors of success across management tool categories (i.e. input, output and technical measures), but the degree of importance varied. Our results are designed to inform selection of appropriate management tools based on empirical data and experience to increase the likelihood of successful fisheries management. (Less)
Accurate calibration of stereo cameras for machine vision

Camera calibration is an important task for machine vision, whose goal is to obtain the internal and external parameters of each camera. With these parameters, the 3D positions of a scene point, which is identified and matched in two stereo images, can be determined by the triangulation theory. This paper presents a new accurate estimation of CCD camera parameters for machine vision. We present a fast technique to estimate the camera center with special arrangement of calibration target and the camera model is aimed at efficient computation of camera parameters considering lens distortion. Built on strict geometry constraint, our calibration method has compensated the error for distortion cased by circular features on calibration target, which gets over the relativity influence of every unknown parameters of traditional calibration way and make the error distributed among the constraint relation of parameters, in order to guarantee the accuracy and consistency of calibration results. Experimental results are provided to show that the calibration accuracy is high.
Time Domain Analysis of Ultra-Wide Band Signals from Buried Objects Under Flat and Slightly Rough Surfaces

─ The analysis of transient scattering for TMz (horizontally) polarization from a cylindrical perfectly conducting (PEC) object buried in a lossy medium is considered. Flat and slightly surface cases are considered for the dielectric halfspace. Our previous work using a decomposition method solution in frequency domain of TMz polarization is utilized to solve this scattering problem. Then, an inverse Fourier transform is used to get the time domain signals. Timing analysis is done by calculating the travelling time of reflected signals in the possible paths. Then, multiple reflections are identified using these travelling times. Finally, the results from the flat and slightly rough surface profiles are used to compare the effects of multipath propagation. Index Terms Buried object, electromagnetic scattering, and multipath analysis.
Local tropical forest restoration strategies affect tree recruitment more strongly than does landscape forest cover

Summary Developing restoration strategies that accelerate natural successional processes and are resource-efficient is critical to facilitating tropical forest recovery across millions of hectares of deforested lands in the tropics. We compared tree recruitment after a decade in three restoration treatments (natural regeneration, applied nucleation/island tree planting and plantation) and nearby reference forest in the premontane rain forest zone in southern Costa Rica. The study was replicated at 13 sites with a range of surrounding forest cover, enabling us to evaluate the relative influence of local restoration treatments and landscape forest cover on tree recruitment. Density of small-seeded ( 10 mm)-seeded, animal-dispersed recruits were greatest in reference forest, intermediate in applied nucleation and plantation and lowest in natural regeneration plots. Recruit composition differed substantially between reference forest and all restoration treatments. In general, plantation recruit composition was more similar to reference forests and natural regeneration least similar; however, there was high within-treatment variation. Models suggested weak support for the effect of surrounding forest cover on tropical tree recruit density and composition, as compared to restoration treatment and site conditions (e.g. elevation), in this intermediate forest cover landscape. Synthesis and applications. Applied nucleation appears to be a cost-effective strategy as compared to plantation-style planting to accelerate tropical forest recovery regardless of the amount of forest cover immediately adjacent to the site. However, even with active restoration interventions, forest recovery is a multidecade process that proceeds at highly variable rates.
In-Depth Design and Simulation Analysis of Vertical Strained Impact Ionization MOSFET (VESIMOS)

The Vertical Strained Silicon Germanium (SiGe) Impact Ionization MOSFET (VESIMOS) has been successfully design and analyzed in this paper. VESIMOS device integrates vertical structure concept of Impact Ionization MOSFET (IMOS) and strained technology. The transfer characteristics of VESIMOS revealed an inverse proportionality between supply voltage, VD and sub-threshold, S due to lower breakdown strength of Germanium (Ge) content. The S=10mV/dec was successfully obtained at threshold voltage, VT=0.9V, with VD=1.75V. This VT is found to be 40% lower than VT for conventional Si-vertical IMOS. The output characteristics goes into saturation for VD more than 2.5V, attributed to the presence of Ge that has high and symmetric impact ionization rates. Electron mobility was improved by 40% compared to conventional Si-vertical IMOS. The increase in strain layer thickness, TSiGe, resulted in an increase of VT and lowered the mobility due to the strain relaxation in the SiGe layer. For high source-drain doping concentration, S/D=2x1018/cm3, the VT dropped to 0.88V, with VD of 1.75V due to high electric field effect in the channel, which is found to be contrary to the doping effects of conventional MOSFET. In every aspect, VESIMOS is projected to be premier candidate for future nanoelectronics device as to prolonged the scaling of conventional MOSFET into nano-regime.
Protein crop production at the northern margin of farming: to boost or not to boost

Global changes in food demand resulting from population growth and more meat-intensive diets require an increase in global protein crop production, not least as climate change and increasing scarcity of fresh water could restrict future production. In contrast to many other regions, in Finland climate change could open new opportunities through enabling more diverse cropping systems. It is justified to re-enquire whether the extent and intensity of protein crop production are optimized, resources are used efficiently and sustainably, cropping systems are built to be resilient and whether ecological services that protein crops provide are utilized appropriately. This paper aims to analyze in a descriptive manner the biological grounds for sustainable intensification of protein crop production in Finland. Production security is considered by evaluating the effects of and likelihood for constraints typical for northern conditions, examining historical and recent crop failures and estimating ecosystem services that more extensive introduction of protein crops potentially provide for northern cropping systems now and in a changing climate. There is an evident potential to expand protein crop production sustainably to a couple of times its current area. In general, variability in protein yields tends to be higher for protein crops than spring cereals. Nevertheless, protein yield variability was not necessarily systematically higher for Finland, when compared with other European regions, as it was for cereals. Protein crops provide significant ecological services that further support their expanded production. By this means protein self-sufficiency remains unrealistic, but increased production of protein crops can be achieved. The expansion of rapeseed and legumes areas also seems to be economically feasible. From the economic viewpoint, an increase in domestic protein supply requires that farmers have economic incentives to a) cultivate protein-rich crops instead of cereals, and b) use them as animal feed instead of imported sources of protein. Environmental sustainability is an argument to justify economic support for protein-rich crops and thus increase their cultivation.