Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The One-Versus-One Classification Technique Based on Data Synthesis with Appropriate Distant Neighbors

—Classification of unbalanced information is a problem of machine learning frameworks and learning of existing basic algorithms which will be more complicated if the data has more than two classes. Therefore, this research proposes a concept to improve the classification of unbalanced data with more than two classes with a model called One-Versus-One Classification Technique based on Data Synthesis with Appropriate Distant Neighbors (OVO-SynDN). This OVO-SynDN model will divide the problem of classification of multiclass data into binary class data classification with the learning technique “One-Versus-One”. Then it will adjust the information imbalance by synthesizing the data which selects nearest neighbors with Euclidean distance techniques. For the amount of data to be synthesized of each data set, it will be selected from the number of nearest neighbors that are in the opposite group. The features of the new synthesized data, it depends on the characteristics of the original data and the nearest neighbors. Then combine the existing imbalanced data sets and synthetic data sets to construct the learning model. The standard algorithm, Support Vector Machine (SVM) with polynomial kernel function, will be selected to learn these data sets. Some parameters are adjusted so that the algorithm is suitable for learning each data set. The results show that the OVO-SynDN model has satisfactory performance and reliability with high MAvA and MFA values. In addition, the OVO-SynDN model can still classify imbalanced data better than the four techniques that are compared. That means that the proposed method can be applied to the classification of unbalanced data that has more than two classes.
Fungal Diversity of Shallow Aquifers in Southeastern Australia

The diversity of groundwater mycobiota remains relatively unknown and unchartered. As a first description of the fungal diversity in Australian aquifers we explored the distribution, abundance and diversity of fungal assemblages in samples from an alluvial (Bylong) and two sandy (Tomago; Botany Sands) unconfined aquifers in coastal catchments of NSW, Australia. A total of 89 strains were isolated with 54 Eumycotan taxa identified. The Botany Sands aquifer, with a history of industrial chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination along a hydraulic gradient, yielded the highest richness with 23 identifiable taxa, followed by Tomago with 17 and Bylong with 14. Despite differences in geology and land use, the aquifers shared similarities in their fungal assemblages with Penicillium, Rhodotorula, Paecilomyces and Cladosporium spp. common to all sites. Fungal assemblages were notably similar between the Bylong and Tomago samples and differed from the Botany samples in composition and heterogeneity. Taxa appeared to cluster into two main groups according to their association with environmental conditions; with the taxa common to the Botany aquifer correlating strongly with higher dissolved oxygen concentrations. The diversity and spatial heterogeneity of groundwater mycobiota appeared to be influenced by both anthropogenic contaminants and associated environmental variables. Based on the criteria of ubiquity, abundance and potential sensitivity to contamination, Penicillium and Rhodotorula spp. might be fitting taxa for monitoring groundwater quality.
Rapid suppression of defence enzymes and compounds by sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and sheath rot (Sarocladium oryzae) toxins in rice cell suspension cultures

To understand the suppression mechanisms against disease resistance in rice, we took advantage of the fact that suspension cultured cells exhibit many of the defence responses that are characteristic of intact tissues. In this study we constitutively measured the Rhizoctonia solani and Sarocladium oryzae toxins, induced and suppressed levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenols, catalase, β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in rice suspension cultured cells. The addition of Rhizoctonia solani and Sarocladium oryzae toxins separately in suspension cultured cells shows the suppression of defence enzymes and compounds at 24 h and 48 h respectively except SOD. The rice cultivar IR50 delays the disease suppression effect when compared to the other cultivars viz., Pusa Basmati and Co 43. The PR proteins (namely β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase) activities in rice suspension cultured cells were reduced during 48 h and 72 h after the addition of Rhizoctonia solani toxin, whereas the activities were suppressed only after 72 h when inoculated with Sarocladium oryzae toxin. Selective suppression of these defence enzymes and compounds by Rhizoctonia solani and Sarocladium oryzae toxin shows that toxins play a major role during pathogenesis in rice cells.
Temporal changes in fat and protein levels in the tropical Anabantid Trichogaster pectoralis (Regan)

Samples of a wild population of the Anabantid Trichogaster pectoralis (Regan) were taken during and after one of the two main breeding periods of the year. Carcasses of both sexes and female gonads were analysed for fat, protein and carbohydrate. Carbohydrates were present in insignificant amounts in all tissues. The fat content of the ovary proved to be high (over 30% of wet weight) and, as a result, ovarian energy in a ripe female formed a substantial proportion of the total energy content of the fish. However, it did appear possible for females to develop large ovaries without depleting the carcass fat stores. Although protein levels in the carcass were significantly higher in 1 month, relative to fat levels, protein levels remained fairly constant during the period of study. Conversely fat levels showed marked fluctuations throughout the breeding period, being high at the start of the breeding period, low towards the end, finally rising again 1 month after most fish had terminated breeding. The range of fat levels appeared to be independent of the gonadal state of the fish at capture and seemed more closely related to month of capture. Two explanations are suggested; (1) changes in food availability over the period in question and/or (2) if repeated spawnings occur this could deplete fat reserves in the carcass. In this species fat is stored largely in the muscle but some is stored around the coiled intestine. A visual scoring system was used to assess the extent of this fat deposition and it was found that the fat score was correlated with the level of fat in the carcass. Thus the level of fat around the intestine, although insignificant relative to carcass fat, could be used as a method of assessing the fatness of a fish.
Recovery of sulfate transport into heterotrophic tobacco cells from inhibition by reduced glutathione

In heterotrophic tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun) inhibition of sulfate transport by reduced glutathione (GSH) is a reversible process. When GSH was removed from the culture medium subsequent to a 10-h treatment with 1 mM GSH, sulfate transport began to recover after a lag period of ca 4 h and reached the transport rates of controls without GSH within another 3–4 h. Recovery was prevented when inhibitors of protein synthesis, i.e. cycloheximide or puromycin, were added to the medium upon removal of GSH, even if low concentrations (cycloheximide 1 μM; puromycin 250 μM) were applied. At these low concentrations the rate of synthesis of sulfate transport entities was maintained at the rate of degradation in the absence of GSH. The post-transcriptional polyadenylation inhibitor cordycepin and the transcription inhibitor α-amanitin only slightly reduced recovery of sulfate transport from inhibition by GSH. Apparently, protein synthesis is required for this recovery, suggesting that inhibition of synthesis of sulfate carrier entities is the mechanism of action of GSH on sulfate transport in heterotrophic tobacco cells. An initial rate of net increase in sulfate transport during recovery from inhibition of GSH of 3.6±0.2 U h−1 was calculated [1 U=1 nmol sulfate (g DW)−1 min−1]. This rate of increase is small compared with the rate of decrease in sulfate transport at maximum inhibition by cycloheximide (110±3 U h−1). However, with increasing time of exposure without GSH, the net increase in sulfate transport was enhanced to a maximum rate of 96±3 U h−1, measured 5–7 h after GSH had been removed from the media. Apparently, the rate of synthesis of sulfate transport entities in heterotrophic tobacco cells is about twice its rate of degradation.
Interplate dispersal paths for megathermal angiosperms

Abstract The dispersal of megathermal angiosperms between tectonic plates is reviewed on the basis of fossil evidence for the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods, since the radiation of the angiosperms, and the period of break-up of Gondwana. The combination of tectonic plate disassembly and redistribution, coupled with phases of global warming followed by pronounced cooling, has resulted in the formation of intermittent dispersal opportunities for frost-intolerant plants, and has been a major factor in determining the direction of angiosperm diversification. The Early Cretaceous radiation of angiosperms seems to show little relationship to the formation of Tethys. However, for the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary nine relevant dispersal routes can be differentiated that can be divided into two distinct categories: routes which formed following the break-up of Gondwana during the Late Cretaceous and Earlier Tertiary, when warm climates encouraged dispersal of megathermal elements globally, and routes which formed since the Middle Eocene, following phases of plate collision, as global climates were cooling down, inhibiting such dispersal. Most inter-plate dispersal of megathermal angiosperms took place in the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary at a time when global climates were markedly different from those of today, and the global area of megathermal vegetation several times greater than at present. Under such a scenario, it is likely than opportunities for speciation were much higher than for present-day megathermal plants.
Modelo de interfaz adaptativa para recomendación de objetos de aprendizaje basado en perfiles de usuario, agentes inteligentes y ontologías

La evolucion de las interfaces graficas ha permitido aumentar la interaccion entre los usuarios y los sistemas computacionales. El objetivo de esta tesis de maestria es crear un modelo de interfaz adaptativa que se adapte a las caracteristicas de los usuarios y sea capaz de recomendar objetos de aprendizaje (OAs). El modelo de interfaz adaptativa propuesto contiene un SMA disenado bajo la metodologia Prometheus para la recomendacion de los OAs, el cual al ser integrado con una ontologia disenada mediante la metodologia Methontology es capaz de realizar recomendaciones sobre la distribucion de los paneles que componen la interfaz grafica de usuario (GUI), consiguiendo de esta forma la funcionalidad adaptativa del sistema. Se implemento un prototipo basado en el modelo propuesto el cual es evaluado mediante las metricas: (1) Rendimiento del sistema, (2) Satisfaccion del usuario con respecto a las recomendaciones suministradas para la GUI, (3) Satisfaccion del usuario con respecto a las recomendaciones suministradas por el SR, (4) Completitud de la funcionalidad del prototipo en los navegadores, (5) Usabilidad y (6) Grado de resistencia a la sobrecarga, a todas ellas se les aplico uno o varios casos de estudio. Se puede concluir que se obtuvo un impacto positivo sobre los usuarios al utilizar la interfaz adaptativa debido a que ellos aceptaron la mayoria de las recomendaciones con respecto a GUI, las recomendaciones de OAs tienen un alto porcentaje de aceptacion, el funcionamiento del prototipo fue adecuado en la mayoria de los navegadores y el sistema es capaz de soportar grandes cantidades de peticiones.
“Comunicación médico -enfermera” basado en el modelo de atención centrado en el paciente: análisis de concepto

El termino centrado en el paciente se encontro por primera vez en la literatura en 1969, aplicado en la Medicina denominada “Medicina Centrada en el Paciente”, donde el profesional comprendia al usuario como un ser unico y ente principal de la calidad (1). Este modelo, se enfoca en satisfacer las necesidades del usuario, siendo un ser activo que participa en la toma de decisiones sobre su enfermedad, tratamiento y rehabilitacion. La comunicacion Medico- Enfermera, es definido por diferentes autores dentro del sistema tradicional, como un proceso dinamico, bidireccional, de interaccion e intercambio de las diferentes percepciones de los profesionales, que permite establecer los objetivos para el cuidado del paciente, lo que se constituye como una herramienta efectiva en los resultados en la atencion, en la calidad y en la organizacion. Se realizo una revision de la literatura que incluyo la valoracion del concepto en diccionarios de la Academia de Lengua Espanola, de filosofia de Ferrater J y Frolov I. y en 22 articulos cientificos obtenidos en las bases de datos de Pubmed, Journal Ovid, Science Direct y Proquest, Se aplico la metodologia Analisis de Concepto propuesto por Walker y Avant (2), lo que permitio conceptualizar la comunicacion Medico-Enfermera segun el Modelo de Atencion centrado en el paciente y dar respuesta a los objetivos de esta investigacion. Palabras clave: communication physician and nurse AND centered patient, Nurse-Physician communication and centered care patient. or “Nurse-Physician communication”, "Nurse-physician communication " centered patient, "nurse-physician communication " or centered model care patient.
The Role of Traditional Agroforests in the Conservation of Rain Forest Bird Diversity in Sumatra

Bird community composition and structure were compared among three different types of traditionally managed agroforests and the nearby primary forests in southwestern Sumatra during the breeding season. The agroforests were dominated respectively by rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), damar (Shorea javanica), and durian (Durio zibethinus) and were managed for cash crops (latex, resin, fruits, spices, coffee and timber). Although planted on formerly clearfelled and cultivated areas, these agroforests were highly diversified and structurally complex. Species relative abundance was obtained in 112 random samples of 50 individuals within limited census areas. The species were classified according to size, main diet, and observed habitat use. Eighty-three percent of all the regional pool of resident species were recorded at least once (excluding aerial, nocturnal, and aquatic species). Species richness, diversity, and equitability were all significantly lower (12% to 62% less) in every agroforest than in the primary forest, and the coefficients of similarity between the natural and managed forest communities were low (0.43–0.55). Less than half the lowland primary forest species known from western Sumatra were recorded in at least one agroforest. Among the 216 species occurring in samples, 56% significantly decreased in or disappeared from agroforests, whereas only 22% appeared or increased. The species most affected by the conversion of primary forests were large frugivores and large insectivores of the canopy and low understory, or terrestrial interior forest specialists. Species thriving in agroforests were small frugivores, foliage insectivores, and nectarivores often originally associated with gaps. The factors affecting biodiversity in agroforests may involve reduced tree height, canopy foliage volume, vertical diversity of the vegetation structure, floristic richness, and associated variety of food resources. High hunting pressure may also be a factor. These multipurpose, traditionally managed agroforests still are a valuable compromise between conservation of tropical forest biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources. They also function as buffer zones between densely populated and protected areas and are one of the most successful examples of silviculture of dipterocarps. Yet they are not equivalent to primary forests.
ANÁLISE DA SIMILARIDADE DE GÊNEROS MUSICAIS BRASILEIROS UTILIZANDO WEB SCRAPING E MINERAÇÃO DE TEXTOS NO R

A musica e uma das formas de arte mais importantes para o ser humano, em especial para o povo brasileiro. A musica brasileira e muito diversificada visto que sofre influencias de diversas culturas como a europeia, a indigena, a africana e a americana. Este trabalho se propoe a verificar quais as principais palavras que diferenciam cada estilo musical brasileiro e quais os generos que mais se assemelham em relacao as letras de suas musicas. Para isso, foi montado um banco de dados utilizando Web Scraping, uma tecnica de extracao de dados da internet pela leitura de codigos HTML. Inicialmente, foram considerados treze estilos musicais diferentes e coletou-se dados como nome da musica, dos cantores e letra da musica para mil musicas de cada estilo. Tecnicas de processamento de texto comumente utilizadas em mineracao de texto como remocao de stop words e stemizacao foram utilizadas. Alem disso, para cada palavra em cada estilo musical foi calculada a medida tf-idf (JONES, 1972). Finalmente, foi computada a medida de similaridade do cosseno (ARAUJO NETO e NEGREIROS, 2017) para cada genero musical levando em conta os valores do tf-idf e foi realizada uma analise de agrupamentos com essa similaridade.
Viral dynamics in a coastal sediment: seasonal pattern, controlling factors and relations to the pelagic–benthic coupling

Abstract The present study demonstrates for the first time a clear seasonal variability in the abundance of virobenthos that largely followed the variations in bacterial abundance. Following the spring bloom settlement, the benthic metabolic activity intensified and viral and bacterial abundance in the surface sediment increased 4.0- and 2.6-fold while the increase in a deeper anoxic sediment layer (6–10 cm) was 5.0- and 2.5-fold, respectively. The data strongly indicated a relationship between the pelagic–benthic coupling of organic material, the benthic metabolic activity, and the abundance and activity of bacteria and viruses in marine sediments on a seasonal basis. These suggestions were supported by parallel measurements of viral production rates in short-term laboratory incubations of surface and deep sediments: in these, viral production was significantly enhanced by addition of organic carbon and increasing temperature, with maximum values obtained in organic carbon-enriched incubations in July (19.7×106 and 38.4×106 virus-like particles cm−3 h−1 in surface and deep incubations, respectively). However, the relative enhancement was most explicit during periods of low in situ sedimentation. Conservative estimates indicated that viral lysis caused bacterial mortality rates of 2.8–27.4×105 cells cm−3 h−1, corresponding to 2–61% day−1 of bacterial standing stock during incubations (average 12.3±13.9%, n=18). An estimation of virus-generated dissolved organic carbon production using theoretical values of bacterial cell carbon content (20–50 fg cell−1), showed that viral lysates could sustain 2–38% of the measured bacterial respiration. The data suggest that viruses may have considerable impact on benthic microbial mortality and carbon cycling.
Sensitivity of Daphnia to toxic cyanobacteria: effects of genotype and temperature

1. We studied the effects of both acute and chronic exposure of Daphnia pulex to toxic Microcystis aeruginosa. We focused on the effects of Daphnia genotype and temperature (19 and 24 °C). 2. The study revealed variation among ten Daphnia pulex clones in survivorship under acute Microcystis exposure, measured as EC50. An increase in temperature caused a clear decrease in EC50, although the ranking of clones according to sensitivity remained the same at both temperatures. 3. In the chronic exposure of two of the clones, toxic Microcystis reduced survival and reproduction. The two clones differed in their responses, indicating different means of coping with toxic cyanobacteria. Toxic cyanobacteria reduced slightly more at 24 °C than 19 °C. 4. The clonal difference in sensitivity to toxic cyanobacteria at acute exposure was reversed at chronic exposure. This indicates that the results from short-term toxicity cannot be used to predict life history responses under sublethal exposure.
Reversal of breeding season by lowland birds at higher altitudes in western Cameroon

Evidence of breeding during the dry season is given for 31 species of lowland birds in montane and semi-montane areas in western Cameroon. At least 17 of these species are shown to breed in the wet season at lower altitudes in West Africa. This reversal of breeding season may be due to the unusually heavy rainfall and high humidities which cause temperatures to decrease more rapidly with altitude than on mountains with drier climates. Low temperatures and heavy rainfall during the wet season prevent almost all montane species from breeding then, and affect similarly the lowland birds whose ranges overlap with those of montane birds. Breeding seasons of some lowland species in Cameroon have previously been considered prolonged, but separation of breeding records by altitude reveals clear seasonality.
More on algebraic properties of the discrete Fourier transform raising and lowering operators

In the present work, we discuss some additional findings concerning algebraic properties of the N-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) raising and lowering difference operators, recently introduced in [Atakishiyeva MK, Atakishiyev NM (2015), J Phys: Conf Ser 597, 012012; Atakishiyeva MK, Atakishiyev NM (2016), Adv Dyn Syst Appl 11, 81–92]. In particular, we argue that the most authentic symmetrical form of discretization of the integral Fourier transform may be constructed as the discrete Fourier transforms based on the odd points N only, while in the discrete Fourier transforms on the even points N this symmetry is spontaneously broken. This heretofore undetected distinction between odd and even dimensions is shown to be intimately related with the newly revealed algebraic properties of the above-mentioned DFT raising and lowering difference operators and, of course, is very consistent with the well-known formula for the multiplicities of the eigenvalues, associated with the N-dimensional DFT. In addition, we propose a general approach to deriving the eigenvectors of the discrete number operators N(N), that avoids the above-mentioned pitfalls in the structure of each even-dimensional case N = 2L.