Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 10-bit 20-MS/s asynchronous SAR ADC with controllable analog input voltage range and meta-stability detection circuit

A 10-bit 20-MS/s asynchronous SAR ADC, which has a controllable analog input voltage range and a meta-stability detection circuit, is proposed. The proposed SAR ADC with the area of 0.095 mm2 is implemented using a 130-nm CMOS process with 1.2-V supply. The measured peak ENOBs for the full rail-to-rail ±1.2V (peak-to-peak) differential sinusoidal input signal is 9.56 bits. The FoM achieves 41 fJ/conversion-step.
A dual complex pole-zero cancellation compensation mode for three-stage amplifier

A new dual complex pole-zero cancellation (DCPC) frequency compensation mode is proposed in this paper. It uses one pair of complex zeros to cancel one pair of complex poles, resulting in the feature that the frequency response of the three-stage amplifier exhibits that of a one-pole system. Thus the bandwidth is expected to be increased several times compared to conventional approaches. Moreover, this technique requires only one very small compensation capacitor even when driving a large load capacitor. A GBW of 4.6 MHz, DC gain of 100 dB, PM of 89.2/spl deg/ and power dissipation of 0.87 mW can be achieved for a load capacitor of 100 pF with a single Miller compensation capacitor of 2 pF at a /spl plusmn/1V supply in a standard 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Time course of loss of clinical benefit following withdrawal of levodopa/carbidopa and bromocriptine in early Parkinson's disease

Putative neuroprotective agents for Parkinson's disease can be assessed in untreated patients using progression of clinical disability as an index of disease progression. To avoid the confound associated with symptomatic therapy, progression of the underlying disease can be assessed by evaluating the progression of clinical disability from an untreated baseline to a final visit following wash‐out of symptomatic medication. In this type of analysis it is critical to use a wash‐out of sufficient duration to ensure elimination of symptomatic effects. To assess the time course of resolution of symptomatic effects, we evaluated 31 patients at days 1, 8, and 15 following discontinuation of levodopa/carbidopa and bromocriptine. Mean total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores (± standard error) increased (worsened) by 7.4 ± 1.5 from day 1 to day 15 (p <0.0001), 4.5 ± 1.2 from day 1 to day 8 (p = 0.0009), and 2.9 ± 1.0 from day 8 to day 15 (p = 0.01). We conclude that a wash‐out of at least 2 weeks is required to eliminate the symptomatic effects of levodopa/carbidopa and bromocriptine in patients with early Parkinson's disease.
Chapter 9 Saturn ’ s Magnetospheric Configuration

This Chapter summarizes our current understanding of Saturn’s magnetospheric configuration. Observations from the Cassini Prime and Equinox Missions have answered some questions and opened new ones. One of the fundamental questions of magnetospheric physics is what are the sources of the plasma that populate the magnetosphere. At Saturn, there is a rich set of possible plasma sources: the solar wind, Saturn’s ionosphere, Titan, the rings, and the T.I. Gombosi Center for Space Environment Modeling, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA e-mail: tamas@umich.edu T.P. Armstrong Fundamental Technologies, LLC, Lawrence, KS, USA e-mail: armstrong@ftecs.com C.S. Arridge Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, London, UK and Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London, UK e-mail: chris.arridge@physics.org K.K. Khurana Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA e-mail: kkhurana@igpp.ucla. edu S.M. Krimigis Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA and Center of Space Research and Technology, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece e-mail: tom.krimigis@jhuapl.edu N. Krupp Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany e-mail: krupp@mps.mpg. de A.M. Persoon University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA e-mail: ann-persoon@uiowa.edu M.F. Thomsen Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA e-mail: mthomsen@lanl.gov icy satellites. One of the most significant discoveries of the Cassini mission was Enceladus’ role as a source. Saturn’s magnetospheric convection pattern falls somewhere between that of Earth and Jupiter. Earth is a slow rotator with a relatively small internal mass source and its magnetosphere is primarily dominated by the solar wind. At Jupiter the solar wind only plays a minor role since Jupiter is a fast rotator with a strong surface magnetic field and a significant plasma source (Io) deep inside the magnetosphere. As a consequence, internal processes dominate the magnetosphere and solar wind interaction is only marginally important. Saturn falls somewhere between Earth and Jupiter thus Saturn’s magnetosphere exhibits both solar wind and internal controls at the same time. This fact makes the Kronian magnetosphere even more fascinating and complex than the magnetospheres of Earth and Jupiter.
Stock‐Flow Consistent Macroeconomic Models: A Survey

The stock-flow consistent (SFC) modeling approach, grounded in the pioneering work of Wynne Godley and James Tobin in the 1970s, has been adopted by a growing number of researchers in macroeconomics, especially after the publication of Godley and Lavoie (2007), which provided a general framework for the analysis of whole economic systems, and the recognition that macroeconomic models integrating real markets with flow-of-funds analysis had been particularly successful in predicting the Great Recession of 2007-9. We introduce the general features of the SFC approach for a closed economy, showing how the core model has been extended to address issues such as financialization and income distribution. We next discuss the implications of the approach for models of open economies and compare the methodologies adopted in developing SFC empirical models for whole countries. We review the contributions where the SFC approach is being adopted as the macroeconomic closure of microeconomic agent-based models, and how the SFC approach is at the core of new research in ecological macroeconomics. Finally, we discuss the appropriateness of the name "stock-flow consistent" for the class of models we survey.
Homing choice and platform pricing strategy

We compare a discriminatory pricing regime with a non-discriminatory regime in a competitive bottleneck model where content providers endogenously sort into single or multi-homers. We find that consumer prices rise when the share of single-homers increases in the non-discriminatory case, while they stay constant in the discriminatory pricing regime. A discriminatory pricing regime leads to higher platform profits than the non-discriminatory regime when the share of single-homers are relatively high. When the share of single-homers is relatively high (low), the discriminatory pricing regime leads to higher (lower) consumer surplus and social welfare when compared with the non-discriminatory regime.
Children's and Adults’ Judgments of the Certainty of Deductive Inferences, Inductive Inferences, and Guesses

ABSTRACT Children and adults rated their own certainty following inductive inferences, deductive inferences, and guesses. Beginning in kindergarten, participants rated deductions as more certain than weak inductions or guesses. Deductions were rated as more certain than strong inductions beginning in Grade 3, and fourth-grade children and adults differentiated strong inductions, weak inductions, and informed guesses from pure guesses. By Grade 3, participants also gave different types of explanations for their deductions and inductions. These results are discussed in relation to children's concepts of cognitive processes, logical reasoning, and epistemological development.
CDK 4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib (PD0332991) in Rb+ Advanced Breast Cancer: Phase II Activity, Safety, and Predictive Biomarker Assessment

Purpose: The G1–S checkpoint of the cell cycle is frequently dysregulated in breast cancer. Palbociclib (PD0332991) is an oral inhibitor of CDK4/6. Based upon preclinical/phase I activity, we performed a phase II, single-arm trial of palbociclib in advanced breast cancer. Experimental Design: Eligible patients had histologically confirmed, metastatic breast cancer positive for retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and measureable disease. Palbociclib was given at 125 mg orally on days 1 to 21 of a 28-day cycle. Primary objectives were tumor response and tolerability. Secondary objectives included progression-free survival (PFS) and assessment of Rb expression/localization, KI-67, p16 loss, and CCND1 amplification. Results: Thirty-seven patients were enrolled; 84% hormone-receptor (HR)+/Her2−, 5% HR+/Her2+, and 11% HR−/Her2−, with a median of 2 prior cytotoxic regimens. Two patients had partial response (PR) and 5 had stable disease ≥ 6 months for a clinical benefit rate (CBR = PR + 6moSD) of 19% overall, 21% in HR+, and 29% in HR+/Her2− who had progressed through ≥2 prior lines of hormonal therapy. Median PFS overall was 3.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9–5.1], but significantly longer for those with HR+ versus HR− disease (P = 0.03) and those who had previously progressed through endocrine therapy for advanced disease (P = 0.02). Grade 3/4 toxicities included neutropenia (51%), anemia (5%), and thrombocytopenia (22%). Twenty-four percent had treatment interruption and 51% had dose reduction, all for cytopenias. No biomarker identified a sensitive tumor population. Conclusions: Single-agent palbociclib is well tolerated and active in patients with endocrine-resistant, HR+, Rb-positive breast cancer. Cytopenias were uncomplicated and easily managed with dose reduction. Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 995–1001. ©2014 AACR.
Sampled-data control for polynomial fuzzy systems with time-varying delay

In this paper, we investigate the sampled-data control problem for polynomial sampled-data fuzzy system with time-varying delay. Based on sampled-data technique, a fuzzy controller is designed to guarantee the stability of closed-loop polynomial fuzzy system. By examining the stabilization problem, the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) is adopted and a delay-dependent stabilization condition is proposed in terms of sum-of-squares (SOS). Lastly, a polynomial fuzzy system with time-varying delay is given to show the validity and the feasibility of the proposed results.
Planning for retail change: a survey of municipal governments in Washington State

Abstract Effectively managing retail is essential for municipalities in terms of meeting land use planning goals, developing revenue sources through taxation, furthering economic growth and providing access to goods and services for residents. In 2013, a survey was conducted to examine the retail planning practices of all the 110 small- and medium-sized municipalities in Washington State. The online survey addressed data collection and analysis, land use, retail recruitment, inter-jurisdictional cooperation and evaluation. A large majority of respondents had retail planning goals in their comprehensive plans, yet only 30% dedicated staff for implementation. Jurisdictions would benefit from regional retail planning (especially in light of changes underway from e-commerce), yet the state tax structure places municipalities in competition.
“Functional” Surgery in Subungual Melanoma

BACKGROUND Subungual melanomas represent approximately 2% to 3% of cutaneous melanomas in White populations. Complete or partial amputation proximal to the distal interphalangeal joint of the digits has been suggested. Recently, we introduced for acral melanomas, similar to lentigo maligna melanoma, limited excision and complete histology of excisional margins (three-dimensional histology). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic relevance of clinical parameters and different surgical management in patients with subungual melanoma. STUDY DESIGN From 1980 to 1999, subungual melanoma was diagnosed in 62 of 3,960 stage I and II melanoma patients (1.6%) of the melanoma registry of the Department of Dermatology (University of Tuebingen). A retrospective comparative analysis of two treatment groups was performed: Thirty-one patients had an amputation in or proximal to the distal interphalangeal joint (median follow-up of 55 months), and 31 patients had “functional” surgery with local excision of the tumor and only partial resection of the distal phalanx (median follow-up of 54 months). RESULTS In the univariate analysis, the level of invasion (P = 0.0059), ulceration (P = 0.0024), and tumor thickness (P = 0.0004) were significant prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival but not for survival. In a multivariate analysis, only lower tumor thickness and a reduced level of amputation were independent significant prognostic parameters for recurrence-free survival (P = 0.035 and P = 0.0069). Patients with an amputation in or proximal to the distal interphalangeal joint did not fare better than patients with less radical “functional” surgery. CONCLUSION Limited excision with partial resection of the distal phalanx only and three-dimensional histology to assure tumor-free resection margins give better cosmetic and functional results and do not negatively affect the prognosis of patients with subungual melanoma.
Efficacy and safety of etoricoxib 30 mg and celecoxib 200 mg in the treatment of osteoarthritis in two identically designed, randomized, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority studies.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of etoricoxib 30 mg with the generally maximum recommended dose of celecoxib, 200 mg, in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in two identically designed studies. METHODS Two multi-centre, 26-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority studies were conducted, enrolling patients who were prior non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or acetaminophen users. There were 599 patients in study 1 and 608 patients in study 2 randomized 4:4:1:1 to etoricoxib 30 mg qd, celecoxib 200 mg qd or one of two placebo groups for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, placebo patients were evenly distributed to etoricoxib or celecoxib based on their initial enrollment randomization schedule. The primary hypothesis was that etoricoxib 30 mg would be at least as effective as celecoxib 200 mg for the time-weighted average change from baseline over 12 weeks for Western Ontario and McMaster (WOMAC) Pain Subscale, WOMAC Physical Function Subscale and Patient Global Assessment of Disease Status. Active treatments were also assessed over the full 26 weeks. Adverse experiences were collected for safety assessment. RESULTS In both studies, etoricoxib was non-inferior to celecoxib for all three efficacy outcomes over 12 and 26 weeks; both were superior to placebo (P < 0.001) for all three outcomes in each study over 12 weeks. The safety and tolerability of etoricoxib 30 mg qd and celecoxib 200 mg qd were similar over 12 and 26 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Etoricoxib 30 mg qd was at least as effective as celecoxib 200 mg qd and had similar safety in the treatment of knee and hip OA; both were superior to placebo. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT00092768; NCT00092791.
Sphingomonas Paucimobilis Peritonitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Different from the previous reports, in our 2 months of observation, the symptoms of peritonitis caused by Nocardia were not as severe as those caused by other bacteria. The patient had neither severe abdominal pain nor high fever; even the blood leukocyte count remained within normal limits (data not shown), so we prescribed oral TMP-SMX for 4 weeks as the first-line therapy. Ultrafiltration did not decrease significantly, so we did not need to change the PD prescription during most of the clinical course. Successful treatment of Nocardia peritonitis has been reported with (4,6,7) and without (2,3,5) PD catheter removal. In 1981, Arfania reported the first case of Nocardia CAPD peritonitis successfully treated by 6 weeks of IP sulfisoxazole (2). Chan et al. demonstrated that a 3-week IP antibiotic treatment course successfully preserved the PD catheter in a 60-year-old polycystic kidney disease patient during 8 weeks of observation (3). Lopes et al. reported that 4 weeks of IP TMP-SMX treatment kept a patient from PD catheter removal; however, the 38-year-old male expired during another peritonitis event half a year later (5). In 2003, Chu reported that the dialysate count of a CAPD patient with Nocardia peritonitis decreased on IP TMP-SMX. Unfortunately, the 68-year-old female died of myocardial infarction before the antibiotic treatment was completed (8). Without preceding IP sulfa-containing antibiotic treatment, a 31-year-old CAPD patient with Nocardia peritonitis, whose catheter was removed, developed intra-abdominal abscess and needed surgical drainage (7). From the limited published experience, 3 – 6 weeks’ IP administration of sulfonamides may preserve the CAPD catheter in nondiabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (2,3). Although the dialysate cell count and peritonitis-related symptoms could be temporarily improved by either oral or IP administration of TMP-SMX, recurrent episodes of peritonitis might develop in a short period of time. Consequently, if IP administration of TMP-SMX fails to relieve peritonitis symptoms and normalize the dialysate leukocyte count completely, surgical removal of the PD catheter and prolonged antibiotic treatment remains the only therapeutic modality with a complete bacteriaeradicating effect and an excellent prognosis.
Transient expression of a winged-helix protein, MNF-beta, during myogenesis

A novel winged-helix transcription factor, MNF-beta, is expressed coincidentally with cell cycle withdrawal and differentiation of skeletal myogenic cells. MNF-beta is closely related to the myocyte nuclear factor (MNF) protein previously described (now termed MNF-alpha), but expression of the two isoforms is differentially regulated, and they exhibit distinctive functional properties with respect to DNA binding in vitro and transcriptional regulatory activity in transient-transfection assays. A DNA sequence motif binding MNF-beta with high affinity was selected from a library of random oligonucleotides and was found to be similar to but distinct from the cognate binding site for HNF-3beta, a more distantly related winged-helix protein. The temporal pattern of MNF-beta expression and the presence of MNF binding motifs within conserved promoter elements of several genes that modulate cell cycle progression support a working hypothesis that MNF proteins may modulate proliferation of myogenic precursor cells during development and muscle regeneration.
Cooperative Actions of HIV-1 Vpr and p53 Modulate Viral Gene Transcription*

Transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) genome is controlled by cooperative interaction of viral encoded proteins and host regulatory proteins. In this study, we have examined the capacity of the viral auxiliary protein, Vpr, to modulate transcriptional activity of the HIV-1 promoter sequence located within the long terminal repeat (LTR). We demonstrate that ectopic expression of Vpr in human astrocytic cells, U-87MG, enhances the basal activity of the viral promoter in transfected cells and that the GC-rich sequences, spanning nucleotides −80 to −43, are important for this activity. Since this region serves as the target for p53-induced suppression of LTR activity and interacts with the ubiquitous transcription factor, Sp1, we examined the cooperative activity of Vpr, p53, and Sp1 upon LTR transcription. Results from co-transfection studies indicated that overexpression of wild type p53, but not mutant p53, decreases the level of activation of the LTR by Vpr. Transcriptional activation of the LTR by Vpr required the presence of Sp1 since overexpression of Vpr in cells with no endogenous Sp1 failed to augment LTR activity. Results from protein-protein interaction studies indicated that Vpr is associated with both p53 and Sp1 in cells with ectopic expression of these proteins. Moreover, it was evident that p53 and Sp1 interact with each other in these cells. These functional and structural studies provided a working model on the cooperative interaction of Vpr with cellular proteins Sp1 and p53 and control of viral gene transcription at immediate early stage of infection prior to the participation of other viral regulatory proteins.
Discounting, Uncertainty, and Climate Change

• Climate change policy is often evaluated by discounting the future benefits of emissions abatement at a high (6%) discount rate. This suggests that greenhouse gas emissions should continue to grow and that the welfare of future generations is unimportant. • Economic theory supports the use of low (≤ 1%) discount rate based on decisionmakers’ aversion to risk and uncertainty. • The use of a low discount rate supports aggressive steps to stabilize global climate and also upholds the principles of intergenerational fairness.
Influence of mold compound type towards Palladium doped and copper doped 2N Au wire

In automotive semiconductor industry, the behaviour of gold (Au) wire is very crucial in sustaining the reliability performance of the product. Due to the motivation to achieve lifetime of high temperature storage (HTS) of 3000hr at 175°C, gold wire with 4N purity (99.99% Au) on AlCu pad cannot be used due to kirkendall voiding after thermal aging. This kirkendall voiding could lead to 1st bond failure during product application. The kirkendall void form when the Al or Au diffuses out of one region faster than the other can diffuse in from the other side of that region [1]. Therefore, 2N wire (99% Au) is recommended to replace 4N wire where the dopants in 2N wire (Pd, Cu, Pt) can limit the intermetallic layer growth and subsequently slows down the formation of kirkendall void. During the 2N wire pre-selection study, two wire types with different dopants, Palladium (Pd) and Copper (Cu) were selected. No failure was observed after HTS for unmolded unit. However, when molded unit were subjected to HTS, lifted bond was detected during ball shear after stress for Cu doped 2N wire. Based on above finding, it is indicated that there is influence of epoxy mold compound (EMC) toward the different dopant properties of 2N wire. Study by researcher [2] also shows that conventional epoxy mold compound do have influence towards the reliability behaviour, due to the presence of halides. In this paper, Pd doped and Cu doped 2N wire will be assessed using green EMC and non-green EMC. Wire Bond (WB) process characteristic (wire pull, ball shear, stress neck, cratering, IMC coverage and IMC growth) at 0hr will be examined. For critical responses such as ball shear and IMC growth, will also be examined after HTS. Investigation on Au-Al intermetallic phase will be performed to understand the diffusion behavior of 2 different dopant wires and a model will be constructed to explain the failure mechanism. This paper will present as a fundamental guideline to select the suitable dopant base for 2N Au wire type versus epoxy mold compound without compensating the reliability performance.
Political Participation of the Homeless in Brazil

Most researchers regard the mobilization of the most deprived as a rare case that needs further explanation. In this contribution the Brazilian National Movement of the Homeless (Movimento Nacional Populacao Rua – MNPR) will be analysed to show mechanisms of mobilization of the most deprived. Unlike other rare cases of homeless mobilization, the movement is active beyond the local level; it has existed for almost a decade, gaining access to and impacting on politics at all levels. How does the MNPR attract homeless people and keep them as active participants and leaders? The case study of the MNPR is based on interviews with leaders of the movement and participant observation in Sao Paulo, Salvador de Bahia and Brasilia in 2013.