Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inductive Sensors of Angular Acceleration

In the context of globalization of the economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan an important place is given to the automation of production, including the field of railway transport. The article provides the information on system automatic control of the railway transport. It analyzes the automatic control system schemes of train traffic and measurement conditions with the main requirements for angular acceleration sensors. The measurement of motion parameters (displacement, speed, acceleration, sharpness - changes in acceleration and vibration parameters) is discussed in the article, in particular, for the transformation of angular acceleration used in the induction sensor of angular accelerations of the inertial principle of action with advanced functionality.
Enzyme assay: an investigative approach to enhance science process skills

Scientific investigations play a vital role in teaching and learning the process of science. An investigative task that was developed for pre-university students is described here. The task involves extraction of an enzyme from a vegetable source and its detection by biochemical method. At the beginning of the experiment, a hypothesis is presented to the students. The students are then asked to design an experiment to test the validity of this hypothesis. While performing the investigation, students’ conceptual understanding, basic experimentation skills and cognitive abilities are tested.
Hybrid 3D-ResNet Deep Learning Model for Automatic Segmentation of Thoracic Organs at Risk in CT Images

In image radiation therapy, accurate segmentation of organs at risk (OARs) is a very essential task and has clinical applications in cancer treatment. The segmentation of organs close to lung, breast, or esophageal cancer is a routine and time-consuming process. The automatic segmentation of organs at risk would be an essential part of treatment planning for patients suffering radiotherapy. The position and shape variation, morphology inherent and low soft tissue contrast between neighboring organs across each patient’s scans is the challenging task for automatic segmentation of OARs in Computed Tomography (CT) images. The objective of this paper is to use automatic segmentation of the organs near risk in CT images using deep learning model. The paper proposes a hybrid 3D-ResNet based deep learning model with Atrous spatial pyramid pooling module and Project & Excite (PE)' module for 3D volumetric segmentation using Thoracic Organs at Risk (SegTHOR) dataset. The proposed model produces better results as compared to state-of-the-art deep learning models used in SegTHOR dataset. Proposed 3D volumetric Hybrid deep model could be used for automatic segmentation of OARs in clinical applications and would be helpful to diagnose lung, breast or esophageal cancer in CT images.
Cost-and-QoS-Based NFV Service Function Chain Mapping Mechanism

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technology decouples network functions from the proprietary hardware by using generalized equipment and software, which lowers the cost of network operator. However, the existing mapping mechanisms in NFV environment can't optimize the cost of deployment and improve the rationality of network resource allocation while ensuring the basic service quality requirements of users. To solve the problem, a mathematical model which looks on the assurance of quality of service and cost optimization is established in this article. The model aims at maximizing the total revenue from service chain deployment in resource-constrained network, and takes the resource demand, end-to-end delay requirement and reliability requirement of the service request as the basic constraints. Furthermore, a greedy algorithm of service chain mapping named GA+LCB is proposed to solve the problem. Simulation results show that compared with other algorithms, GA+LCB can effectively improve the success rate of receiving service requests, reduce the cost in the deployment process and achieve higher deployment benefits while ensuring the QoS requirements.
From Models to Management and Back: Towards a System-of-Systems Engineering Toolchain

Through the increasing complexity and dynamics of industrial automation scenarios, the notion of Systems of Systems (SoS) has gained importance in this field. Here, interconnected constituent (hardware as well as software) systems collaborate in order to achieve common goals and to increase the efficiency of certain industrial applications.The Arrowhead Tools project aims at proposing a comprehensive, flexible platform for supporting SoS engineering in its every phase, in the form of an engineering toolchain. Thereby, although the SoS operation aspect has been already elaborated on, the design phase and the usage of design artifacts as part of a continous tool interoperability scenario received less attention so far. In this paper, we describe such a toolchain interoperability scenario, paving the way towards an established, integrated solution, by linking systems modeling practices with SoS operational management. In particular, we propose a customtailored abstract SysML profile for Arrowhead SoS design, and a prototype implementation for a bidirectional link between SoS models and a tool for managing Arrowhead SoS via a customtailored textual format. We illustrate the approach through a realistic industrial application.
Stand-Alone Orientation System Based on Visual SLAM

This work presents a compact stand-alone orientation system based on the visual SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping). Unlike other modern approaches our SLAM algorithm was developed using error models of rate sensors and line-of-sight measurement of unique features extracted from the video stream, delivered by the monocular camera. Our approach allows seamless (tight) integration of inertial measurement units (IMU) and exogenous measurements, provided by the wide array of range and angular sensors such as radars, LIDARs, etc. The developed algorithm is implemented in an NVIDIA Jetson Nano computer (at just 100×80 mm) including a dedicated cooling system. The total weight of the system is 240 grams and power usage is 5 Watt.
Sensorless Control of Segmented PMLSM for Long-Distance Auto-Transportation System Based on Parameter Calibration

The permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) with segmented stator is applied in the long-distance auto-transportation system. For the PMLSM with the discontinuous stators, the mismatch between the permanent magnet (PM) mover and the stator would make electromagnetic (EM) parameters deflect nominal values, and then position/speed precision of the PM mover would be affected. In this article, the sensorless control based on the parameter calibration is used to drive the PM mover above the segmented stators during the drive process. Furthermore, an improved model reference adaptive integrator based on the parameter calibration is proposed to calibrate the EM parameters during the switch process. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the speed precision and the robustness of the segmented PMLSM are enhanced distinctly.
Phylogeographic implications for the North American boreal-arctic Arabidopsis lyrata complex

Background : Phylogeography describes the distribution of genes in space and time. Here we analyse the Pleistocene evolutionary history of the Arabidopsis lyrata species complex in arctic-boreal northern America and eastern Russia. Aims : We seek evidence for glacial survival on both sides of the Atlantic, with special emphasis on northern America, and ask how genetic variation within North American populations relates to the putative centre of genetic variation in central Europe. Finally, we comment on how genetic variation observed in North America corresponds to taxonomic units described for the area. Methods : We sequenced DNA markers from the nuclear genome (ribosomal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2) and chloroplast genome (trnL intron and intergenic spacer trnL-F) from 68 accessions outside Europe. Phylogenetic analysis (tree reconstruction and network building algorithms) were used to infer relationships among DNA haplotypes. Results : We detected reduced genetic variation in northern America compared to Europe, although new DNA types were found. Strong genetic differentiation was found among major regions in northern America. Correlation of genetic data with taxonomy was weak, but for some taxa geographic distribution correlates with distribution of its genetic variation. Conclusions : The A. lyrata complex in North America is separated into two allopatric groups: one is distributed in the Pacific areas from southern Alaska to British Colombia, and the other is found in northern Alaska, central and east Canada, and Greenland. The results suggest glacial survival in and subsequent migration from two different refugia with allele fixation as a result of genetic drift.
RELATIONSHIP OF SUPERCOOLING TO COLD HARDINESS AND THE NORTHERN DISTRIBUTION OF SEVERAL CULTIVATED AND NATIVE Prunus SPECIES AND HYBRIDS

Twig pieces from 13 Prunus species and seven interspecific hybrids were collected during mid-winter, preconditioned to induce maximum cold hardiness and subjected to freeze tests and exotherm analysis. The collection included representative cultivars of Prunus species cultivated in Canada for their fruit and/or ornamental value, i.e., apricot, cherry, peach and plum, and native Prunus. The flower buds were more susceptible to freeze injury than leaf buds, bark and xylem in almost all taxa. Leaf buds and stem xylem were the most susceptible of the vegetative tissues. A low temperature (LT) exotherm was detected in the stem of each taxon and was closely related to xylem injury. This suggested that freeze injury to the xylem is avoided by deep supercooling. Exotherm analysis and ice nucleation tests on seven taxa suggested that flower buds also avoid injury by deep supercooling. Bark and leaf bud injury were not consistantly related to the LT stem exotherm. The temperatures at which injury occurred to the mo.
Direct Sampling

In recent years, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods have been used to provide a full Bayesian analysis both when the posterior distribution of interest is analytically intractable, and it is not known how to draw independent samples. In this article, a non-MCMC approach to sampling from posterior distributions is developed and illustrated. Some sampling problems, now thought to be best handled by MCMC methods alone, are tackled efficiently via independent samples. This article has supplementary material online.
Undernutrition and serum and urinary urea nitrogen of white-tailed deer during winter

Direct, practical means of assessing undernutrition in deer (Odocoileus spp.) and other ungulates during winter are needed in areas of research and management. We examined the relationship between mass loss and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and urinary urea nitrogen: creatinine (U:C) in captive white-tailed deer (O. virginianus). During 4 February-5 May 1988, we maintained 7 adult white-tailed deer on various feeding regimes to simulate natural nutritional restriction during winter. Mass loss was greater (P = 0.037) in deer (17.0-32.2%) fed restricted amounts of a low protein-low energy diet versus control deer (7.0-17.4%) fed the same diet ad libitum. Serum triiodothyronine (T 3 ) concentrations did not differ (P = 0.191) between groups, but declined (P = 0.001) as nutrition declined
Waxes enhance Plutella xylostella oviposition in response to sinigrin and cabbage homogenates

Oviposition by the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), on substrates treated with host stimuli (cabbage homogenate or sinigrin) and/or waxes (paraffin or a mixture of 10 single chain n‐alkanes) was quantified using continuous observations and endpoint bioassays. Paraffin or an n‐alkane mixture applied over cabbage homogenate or sinigrin caused an increase in oviposition compared to that on any single stimulus in choice tests. Sinigrin alone at 10−5 M to 10−2 M is an ovipositional stimulant; addition of alkane over sinigrin made all sinigrin concentrations (10−6 M to 10−2 M) significantly more stimulatory than controls. Waxes alone do not stimulate oviposition. In choice tests, insect movement between sinigrin/alkane treatment combinations was random, however, once encountered, visit duration was significantly longer on sinigrin with alkane than on sites treated with either stimulus alone. Given the ubiquity of waxes on plant surfaces and the interaction between waxes and host‐specific chemical stimuli, waxes should be included when considering factors that significantly influence herbivore host acceptance.
Which Child Will Benefit From a Behavioral Intervention for ADHD? A Pilot Study to Predict Intervention Efficacy From Individual Reward Sensitivity

Objective: This article aims to assess whether individual differences in reward sensitivity can be used to predict which children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) will benefit most from behavioral interventions that include reinforcement. Methods: A 12-week behavioral intervention was offered to 21 children with ADHD and their parents. Reward sensitivity was assessed prior to the intervention using a combination of psychological and physiological measures. ADHD symptoms were assessed pre- and posttreatment using the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD and Normal behavior (SWAN) rating scale. Results: Lower scores on one of the questionnaire scales were associated with greater pre/posttreatment differences in ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: We found that pre/posttreatment change was associated with one measure of parent-rated reward sensitivity. Children with low impulsive negative behavior toward gaining reward improved most during treatment. This result suggests that aspects of reward-related behaviors in ADHD may be useful to predict the effectiveness of treatment.
Comment

The author is to be congratulated for his interesting article. In particular, I would like to comment on three issues. Equation (3) has only first-order convergence rate o ( ~ ~ / ~ ) . It gives very poor approximation, especially when the sample size is small or when the underlying distribution is far away from normal distribution (see Pierce and Peters 1992 for some examples). Barndorff-Nielsen (1991) proposed a modified likelihood ratio statistic. Will this modification improve the universal bound on the probability of misleading evidence? Calculating Fisher information can be difficult in many situations. However, one can replace Fisher information by the observed information; that is, replace I ( 0 ) by j (@, where
Population response of soybean cyst nematode to long term corn-soybean cropping sequences in Minnesota

Soybean cyst nematode [Heterodera glycines Ichinohe] (SCN) can reduce soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] yields. Rotating soybean with a nonhost crop usually reduces SCN populations. Cropping sequence experiments initiated in the early 1980s at two Minnesota locations were monitored in 1996, 1997, and 1998 for changes in SCN egg densities. Cropping sequences were: (i) 5-yr consecutive corn (Zea mays L.) alternated with 5-yr consecutive soybean, (ii) continuous monoculture of each crop, (iii) annual alternation of two cultivars within a continuous monoculture of each crop, and (iv) annual rotation of each crop. In 1989, SCN was detected in several of the plots at both locations. By 1996, all cropping sequences had detectable populations of SCN eggs at both locations, regardless of whether the land had been planted to continuous corn since the early 1980s. Lowest densities of SCN eggs were typically found in cropping sequences that involved continuous corn and where corn had been planted for the last three or more years, whereas highest levels of SCN eggs were found in cropping sequences that involved continuous soybean and where soybean had been planted for the last two or more years. These results suggest planting a nonhost to SCN for as long as 5 yr on infested land will not eliminate future problems with this pathogen. In addition, the results suggest that at least a portion of the crop sequence effects on yield has a soil microbiological basis involving mechanisms that are specific to a location.
Comment

cently, Goncalves and Meddahi (2005) developed an Edgeworth expansion for the basic RV estimator when there is no noise. Their expansion applies to the studentized statistic based on the standard RV estimator and is used to assess the accuracy of the bootstrap in comparison to the first-order asymptotic approach. Complementary to that work is our earlier work Zhang et al. (2005a), where we develop an Edgeworth expansion for nonstudentized statistics for the standard RV, TSRV, and other estimators but allow for the presence of microstructure noise. It would be interesting to know how the autocovariance-corrected RV estimators behave in small samples and, if need be, investigate the feasibility of Edgeworth corrections for them. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
Guilds and assembly rules in lawn communities

The community structure of 11 lawn sites in New Zealand and Fiji was examined in terms of guilds, seeking assembly rules based on guild proportionality. First, associations were analysed, using a new patch model which examined the mean of associations within patches of about 4 cm x 4 cm. As expected from the previously-demonstrated existence of niche limitation at this scale in lawns, the majority of associations between individual species were negative. Even in a lawn only four months old there were significant associations (mostly negative, and one positive). At some sites those species with the most negative associations were those whose morphology might be expected to restrict co-existence with other species. Much ecological theory is based on the assumption that there are limitations to coexistence, related to the resource usage of the species, such that species that are too similar in resource use are less likely to coexist. This theory was tested by looking for evidence of guild proportionality. We defined two guilds, graminoids and forbs. Using these guilds, three of the sites showed significant evenness in proportional representation from the two guilds in quadrats containing four species, i.e. there was less variation in the graminoid:forb ratio than expected on a random basis. Inclusion of species-poor quadrats in a joint analysis over all richness categories overwhelmed this effect, though there was still a strong trend for two of the New Zealand sites: the two species-rich grass lawns. Preliminary analyses of alternative guild delimitations gave no indication that other guild delimitations would have revealed stronger community structure. There was a strong and significant tendency in most sites for the graminoid guild to be more strongly represented in species-poor quadrats, an effect caused by species frequencies.
Evaluation of Some Minerals and Toxicants in Some Nigerian Soup Meals

Abstract Some antinutrients (hydrocyanic acid, oxalate, and phytate) and some mineral elements (calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, zinc, and phosphorus) were analyzed in five popular Nigerian soup meals, afang ( Gnetum africana ), atama ( Heinsia crinata ), editan ( Lasianthera africana ), edikang ikong ( Telfaria occidentalis ), and okro ( Hibiscus esculentus ). The concentrations of antinutrients in these soup meals were 0.17–0.42, 1.50–10.40, and 484–745 mg/100 g dry wt for hydrocyanate, oxalate, and phytate, respectively. The mineral contents (mg/100 g dry wt) were Ca (1430–3930), Cu (1.6–3), Fe (130–470), Mg (490–910), Zn (12.7–40), and P (490–580). The computed [calcium]/[phytate] [phytate]/[zinc], [calcium] [phytate]/[zinc] and [phytate]/[P] millimolar ratios/kg, Dwt ranged from 45 to 98, 2 to 5, 117 to 650, and 4 to 6, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of antinutrients were below toxic levels and these levels may not affect bioavailability of the minerals.
AKINETE GERMINATION IN ANABAENA CIRCINALIS (CYANOPHTA)

Akinetes of a clonal culture of Anabaena circinalis Rabenhorst from Mt. Bold reservoir (eutrophic), South Australia, were isolated and the effects of light, phosphorus, and nitrogen availability on their germination were investigated. Light was required but there was no significant difference in percentage of germination after 72 h if akinetes were incubated in ASM‐1 medium at irradiances of 15, 30, or 50 μmol. m‐2.s‐1. Maximum akinete germination occurred by 48 h. Nitrogen was not required, as 88% of akinetes germinated in the flasks without combined nitrogen added to the medium and without N2 in the air. NH4+‐N at 28 mg N.L‐1 completely suppressed germination, whereas 28 mg NO3 N.L‐1 had no effect relative to the controls without nitrogen. Phosphorus was required, and at 48 h percentage of germination in the flasks with 0.6 mg P.L‐1 added (78%) was significantly greater than in the flasks with 0.06 P.L‐1 (58%) and 0 mgP.L‐1 (24%) added. Germlings in the 0 mg P.L‐1 flasks were only 2–4 cells long and stunted in appearance, whereas germlings at all other P concentrations were 8–16 cells long. It is likely that the isolation process exposed some akinetes to intracellular phosphorus released from lysing vegetative cells, but this was insufficient to allow normal development in the 0 mg P.L‐1 flasks. The plot of percentage of germination vs. initial phosphorus concentration, in the medium showed a relationship analogous to Michaelis‐Menten nutrient uptake kinetics, suggesting that a specific membrane‐bound enzyme system(s) is involved, with phosphorus as the substrate. The half saturation value (KS) for germination was 50 μg P.L‐1.
Measurement of mimosine and its metabolites in biological materials

Recent results in both plant biochemistry and animal metabolism emphasise that, in any research on the nutritional applications of Leucaena leucocephala, measurement of mimosine should be accompanied by measurement of the degradation product 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone. This may reveal wide differences in the toxic load coming from the feed and in the animal metabolic response to it. The authors suggest that where mimosine analysis can only be performed by the traditional colorimetric method, it should be combined with paper chromatography to estimate ratios of mimosine and 3,4-DHP. However high performance liquid chromatography provides vastly improved methods for simultaneously and precisely analysing both compounds. Published methods are reviewed and a new ion exchange method is described which has been used for the rapid routine analysis of a large number of samples. The chromatographic properties and separation of 2,3-dihydroxypyridine, a recently discovered metabolite, and of 3-glucuronyl-4(1H)pyridone from the above compounds are also reported.