Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Passiflora virus Y, a novel virus infecting Passiflora spp. in Australia and the Indonesian Province of Papua

A novel potyvirus is first described from Passiflora foetida from the Indonesian province of Papua, the Torres Strait Islands and Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. Infected plants had yellow/green mosaic symptoms, sometimes ringspots and chlorotic spots, and were not infected by other known viruses. The virus was transmitted by Aphis gossypii in a non-persistent manner. Analysis of the core and 3′ regions of the coat protein sequence and the 3′ untranslated region revealed a potyvirus distinct from, but most closely related to, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus and Ceratobium mosaic virus. A reverse transcription PCR with colourimetric microplate detection was developed and the virus was subsequently shown to be widespread in commercial P. edulis hybrids in New South Wales and Queensland. The virus is tentatively named Passiflora virus Y.
Changing demographics and vision restrictions in civilian pilots and their clinical implications.

BACKGROUND The Federal Aviation Administration guides policy decisions through the study of medical pathologies and visual disorders common to aviators. The purpose of this study is to examine demographic statistics present in the civil airman population, including vision restrictions, and their relevance to the clinical care of aviators. METHODS Medical certification data were extracted from FAA publications and databases for all civil airmen who were active on December 31st of each year from 1976 to 2001. Frequency and medical restriction data were delineated into 5-yr increments and analyzed to identify population trends for the 25-yr study period. RESULTS Although the total number of pilots has decreased over the study period (-17%), the population of male and female airmen holding first-class medical certificates has grown by 119% and 1,241%, respectively. The percentage of pilots > or = 40 yr of age has increased by 17%, and the average age rose from 36.8 to 42.3 yr. Additionally, the increase in near vision restrictions (13%) was more than double that of distant vision restrictions (6%) during the study period. As of 2001, 92% of all medical restrictions were vision related. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that the increasing number of first-class certificate holders, gender-specific vision problems for female pilots, and the age-related changes in refractive error may present new challenges for eye-care practitioners tasked with advising aviators concerning the proper choice of refractive correction.
Varicella-Zoster Virus Gene 21: Transcriptional Start Site and Promoter Region

ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chicken pox (varicella), becomes latent in dorsal root ganglia, and reactivates decades later to cause shingles (zoster). During latency, the entire VZV genome is present in a circular form, from which genes 21, 29, 62, and 63 are transcribed. Immediate-early (IE) VZV genes 62 and 63 encode regulators of virus gene transcription, and VZV gene 29 encodes a major DNA-binding protein. However, little is known about the function of VZV gene 21 or the control of its transcription. Using primer extensions, we mapped the start of VZV gene 21 transcription in VZV-infected cells to a single site located at −79 nucleotides (nt) with respect to the initiation codon. To identify the VZV gene 21 promoter, the 284-bp region of VZV DNA separating open reading frames (ORFs) 20 and 21 was cloned upstream from the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. In transient-transfection assays, the VZV gene 21 promoter was transactivated in VZV-infected, but not uninfected, cells. Further, the protein encoded by ORF 62 (IE62), but not those encoded by VZV ORFs 4, 10, 61, and 63, transactivates the VZV gene 21 promoter. By use of transient-cotransfection assays in conjunction with 5′ deletions of the VZV gene 21 promoter, a 40-bp segment was shown to be responsible for the transactivation of the VZV gene 21 promoter by IE62. This region was located at −96 to −56 nt with respect to the 5′ start of gene 21 transcription.
Method for risky multiple attribute decision making based on regret theory

In some practical risky decision making problems,the psychological behavior of the decision maker(DM) should be considered.Thus,how to introduce behavioral decision theory into risky decision analysis deserves more attention.In the situation of considering the DM's psychological behavior,a decision analysis method based on regret theory is proposed to solve the risky multiple attribute decision making problem,where attribute values and probabilities of the states are both in the form of interval numbers.Based on regret theory,utility values and regret values concerning attribute values are calculated, respectively.Then,by calculating the sum of utility value and regret value of each alternative,the DM's perceived utility value is obtained.Further,by constructing a programming model which satisfies maximum overall perceived utility values of alternatives and solving the model,a ranking of alternatives can be determined.Finally,two numerical examples are used to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.
Revision Meniscal Surgery in Children and Adolescents

Background: The mechanisms of failure and risk factors for failed meniscal surgery in children and adolescents have not been well described. Purpose: To investigate the risk factors, mechanisms of failure, and subsequent operative management for revision meniscal surgery in a pediatric population, as well as to identify the local incidence of failed meniscal surgery. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All patients younger than 20 years who had arthroscopic management for meniscal injuries at a single institution between 2008 and 2012 underwent retrospective review. Demographic data and intraoperative findings at the time of the initial surgery were documented. All patients undergoing a second procedure on the same meniscus were further analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression with purposeful selection was performed to identify independent risk factors for revision meniscal surgery. Results: Arthroscopic knee surgery was performed on 293 patients and 324 menisci, including 129 primary repairs, 149 primary partial meniscectomies, and 46 discoid saucerizations ± stabilization. At a mean of 40 months (range, 19-62 months) after surgery, 13% of all menisci required a revision procedure. The primary repair cohort had the highest failure rate (18%), followed by the primary discoid saucerization cohort (15%) and the partial meniscectomy cohort (7%). Multivariate analysis indicated that meniscal repair was predictive of retear (odds ratio, 2.04 [95% CI, 1.01-4.1]; P = .046), and children with an open physis and a bucket-handle tear had the highest retear rate of 46% (P = .039). Independent variables shown to have no significant relationship to revision meniscal surgery included age, sex, body mass index, extremity side, laterality (medial-lateral), time to repair, tear location, and associated ligament reconstruction. The most common indication for revision surgery was an acute reinjury during intense physical activity. Revision procedures were performed at a mean of 14 months after the index procedure, and the majority of failures (83%) were identified within 1 year. Of patients undergoing a revision surgery, 44% underwent a further debridement, whereas 56% underwent a repair. Conclusion: The success rate of meniscal surgery is 87% in children and adolescents. The revision rate was higher when repair was attempted in the index procedure, particularly in those children with open physes and bucket-handle tears. Most failures are the result of an acute reinjury within 1 year, and nearly half will require debridement of the retorn meniscus.
Start-Up Control and Voltage Regulation in a Boost Converter Under Sliding-Mode Operation

This paper presents the analysis and design of a sliding-mode control of a boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode that minimizes the inrush current and provides output voltage regulation in front of input voltage perturbations and load changes. The analytical expression of the inrush current is obtained, and the conditions to minimize the current peak are derived. The resulting controller is implemented analogically and employs two switching surfaces. Namely, one surface is combined with the conventional auxiliary diode branch for the start-up, while another one is used for the voltage regulation in steady state. Experimental results are in perfect agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Initial locomotor sensitivity to cocaine varies widely among inbred mouse strains

Initial sensitivity to psychostimulants can predict subsequent use and abuse in humans. Acute locomotor activation in response to psychostimulants is commonly used as an animal model of initial drug sensitivity and has been shown to have a substantial genetic component. Identifying the specific genetic differences that lead to phenotypic differences in initial drug sensitivity can advance our understanding of the processes that lead to addiction. Phenotyping inbred mouse strain panels are frequently used as a first step for studying the genetic architecture of complex traits. We assessed locomotor activation following a single, acute 20 mg/kg dose of cocaine (COC) in males from 45 inbred mouse strains and observed significant phenotypic variation across strains indicating a substantial genetic component. We also measured levels of COC, the active metabolite, norcocaine and the major inactive metabolite, benzoylecgonine, in plasma and brain in the same set of inbred strains. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and behavioral data were significantly correlated, but at a level that indicates that PK alone does not account for the behavioral differences observed across strains. Phenotypic data from this reference population of inbred strains can be utilized in studies aimed at examining the role of psychostimulant‐induced locomotor activation on drug reward and reinforcement and to test theories about addiction processes. Moreover, these data serve as a starting point for identifying genes that alter sensitivity to the locomotor stimulatory effects of COC.
Therapeutic approaches for the treatment of food allergy

Food allergy is a life-changing and potentially life-threatening diagnosis, affecting approximately 6% of children and 4% of adults in the United States. A small number of foods account for the vast majority of food allergies, and the reactions after ingestion of a food to which a person is allergic are varied. At present, the standard of care for food-allergic patients is strict avoidance along with immediate access to self-injectable epinephrine and antihistamines. New treatment options are on the horizon. This review discusses the current research in the field of food allergy. Remarkable progress in the field of food allergy treatment demonstrates promise for disease-modifying therapies to be available clinically in the near future.
High-performance, very low power content-based search engine

Content-based search, such as audio/video fingerprinting, identifies a piece of query content by matching its perceptual features against those from a database of reference content. Such matching is challenging in both scalability and robustness, even with state-of-art methods like Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH). Previously, Vote Count, a hardware-assisted algorithm, was proposed to provide such scalability and robustness. We have analyzed this algorithm and found that it would however consume very high power, to the point of even making cooling impractical. In this paper, we propose an alternative hardware-assisted search algorithm that is estimated to use very low power while providing scalability and robustness. It is estimated to be able to provide ≥0.95 recall on a 1-Trillion feature vector (~23M hours of video at 12fps signature rate) database within 700μs at <; 150W, when the hashing bit error rate (BER) would have been 20% even with 1-bit quantization. This amounts to over 1000× power and energy savings compared to highly competitive configurations of LSH, while at lower expected system cost and a saving of millions of dollars per year in electricity cost alone.
A/MS benchmark circuits for comparing fault simulation, DFT, and test generation methods

The ITC'97 analog and mixed-signal (A/MS) benchmark circuits have been available for two decades. This paper discusses why they were useful but not for comparing A/MS design-for-test (DFT) techniques, tests, or fault coverage. First, this paper discusses these and other benchmark circuits, and proposes objectives for better benchmark circuits. The paper then describes the first, publicly-available A/MS benchmark circuits that include realistic process models with corners, SPICE netlists for commonly used A/MS and digital cells, performance specifications, and testbenches. These facilitate publishable comparison of mixed-signal DFT, test, and fault simulation techniques to facilitate improvement for A/MS circuitry, hopefully faster than in the last two decades.
Detection of transient ischemia and hemorrhage in blood-brain barrier disruption by high-frequency ultrasound imaging

Focused ultrasound (FUS) with microbubbles has been discovered to locally increase the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, bioeffects such as erythrocyte extravasations and brain tissue damage may accompany. Therefore, development of a real-time imaging method to visualize occurrence of brain injury during opening of BBB by FUS is chief to improve the safety of this technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using the high-frequency ultrasound imaging technique including contrast-enhanced and B-mode two images to monitor the transient responses of BBB disruption (BBBD) induced by FUS. We observed that BBBD with extensive hemorrhage and ischemia in 1-MHz FUS with 1.1 MPa. The bright spots from the blood clots scattering appeared in B-mode images and correspond to the map without perfusion in the contrast-enhanced images. In addition, a relative safe power to BBBD without such bioeffects was 0.3 MPa. The results indicated that location of hyperechoic spots correlates with hemorrhage areas and the ischemia region consistent with the BBBD areas under the cases of high FUS power. That reflected high-frequency ultrasound can provide the information of microhemorrhage and transient ischemia information during BBB open by FUS.
ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION AND CHINESE ENVIRONMENTAL LAGISLATION

The present society is in the process of transformation from industrial civilization to ecological civilization. However, the severe environmental crisis that human beings confront becomes a tremendous obstacle to constructing ecological civilization. So we have to reflect on the relationship between human beings and nature, and further improve our environmental law so as to regulate those behaviors that may impair the environment and achieve the harmonious development of economy, society and environment.
Pharmacological and non-drug treatment of child bipolar I disorder during prospective eight-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVES The Phenomenology and Course of Pediatric Bipolar Disorders study, a National Institute of Mental Health-funded study of child bipolar I disorder (BP-I) begun in 1995, is a prospective follow-up study that included collecting pharmacological and non-drug treatment data. METHODS There were 115 first-episode subjects who fit full DSM-IV criteria for BP-I, mixed or manic phase, with severity scores in the clinically impaired range, ascertained by consecutive new case ascertainment. Subjects were assessed with the Washington University in St. Louis Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (WASH-U-KSADS), given separately to parents about their children and to children about themselves. All treatment was provided by the subjects' own community practitioners, exactly as if they had not been in the research study. Thus, families were only seen for research assessments, and research staff were not at all involved in their treatment. Data on type, dose, and duration of pharmacological and non-drug treatment were collected. During follow-up, 93.9% (n = 108) were assessed at each of the nine assessment times. RESULTS During the eight years, only 62.6% received any antimanic medication (antipsychotic, anticonvulsant, lithium) at any time. Percents who received non-antimanic medication included 77.4% medication for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and 64.3% antidepressants. A total of 67.8% of subjects were taking two or more concurrent medication classes. Subjects ascertained from psychiatric versus pediatric sites received antimanics significantly more frequently (p = 0.006). Earlier recovery during eight-year follow-up was predicted by greater percent of weeks on lithium (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Given these findings, and the poor prognosis from prospective follow-up of this sample reported elsewhere, there is a need for further research that informs the development of effective treatment strategies.
Spinal Cord Ischemic Injury: Development of a New Model in the Rat

Background and Purpose Spinal cord ischemic injury (SCII) with resulting paralysis is a major cause of morbidity after operations on the thoracic aorta. Since the vascular supply to the spinal cord is similar in rats and humans, the rat appears important for studies of mechanisms of injury and development of therapeutic strategies to avoid this complication. Methods In group A rats, we induced SCII using a previously described method, by occluding the descending thoracic aorta for 15, 20, 24, or 30 minutes with the inflated balloon of a 2F Fogarty catheter inserted through the femoral artery. In group B, the catheter was inserted through the left common carotid artery, and the aorta was occluded just distal to the carotid origin for 20 minutes. In group C, in addition to the procedure described for group B, hypovolemia was induced during a 12-minute period of aortic occlusion by equilibrating the left femoral artery pressure to the atmospheric pressure. The motor function of the hind limbs and the associa.
Longitudinal assessment of chemotherapy-induced structural changes in cerebral white matter and its correlation with impaired cognitive functioning.

PURPOSE To uncover the neural substrate of cognitive impairment related to adjuvant chemotherapy, we studied cerebral white matter (WM) integrity before and after chemotherapy by using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in combination with detailed cognitive assessment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-four young premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer who were exposed to chemotherapy underwent neuropsychologic testing and DTI before the start of chemotherapy (t1) and 3 to 4 months after treatment (t2). Sixteen patients not exposed to chemotherapy and 19 age-matched healthy controls underwent the same assessment at matched intervals. In all groups, we used paired t tests to study changes in neuropsychologic test scores and whole-brain voxel-based paired t tests to study changes in WM fractional anisotropy (FA; a DTI measure that reflects WM tissue organization), with depression scores and intelligence quotient as included covariates. We correlated changes of neuropsychologic test scores with the mean change of FA for regions that survived the paired t tests in patients treated with chemotherapy. RESULTS In contrast to controls, the chemotherapy-treated group performed significantly worse on attention tests, psychomotor speed, and memory at t2 compared with t1 (P < .05). In the chemotherapy-treated group, we found significant decreases of FA in frontal, parietal, and occipital WM tracts after treatment (familywise error P < .05), whereas for both control groups, FA values were the same between t1 and t2. Furthermore, performance changes in attention and verbal memory correlated with mean regional FA changes in chemotherapy-treated patients (P < .05). CONCLUSION We report evidence of longitudinal changes in cognitive functioning and cerebral WM integrity after chemotherapy as well as an association between both.
Identifiability of hidden Markov information sources and their minimum degrees of freedom

If only a function of the state in a finite-state Markov chain is observed, then the stochastic process is no longer Markovian in general. This type of information source is found widely and the basic problem of its identifiability remains open, that is, the problem of showing when two different Markov chains generate the same stochastic process. The identifiability problem is completely solved by linear algebra, where a block structure of a Markov transition matrix plays a fundamental role, and from which the minimum degree of freedom for a source is revealed. >
ASCOT: a comprehensive clinical database for gastro-oesophageal cancer surgery.

We report the development of a multicentre prospective database for gastro-oesophageal cancer surgery. The ASCOT project aims to collect detailed prospective data on co-morbidity, surgery, stage and outcome in a large cohort of patients from a wide variety of hospitals in the UK. We describe the rationale for the initiative, the process of defining the dataset, the database software and structure, the system for data recording and retrieval and the operating rules of the ASCOT co-operative group. Thirty Trusts are currently submitting data, and the first 1000 cases have now been entered. A first annual report has been produced, showing anonymized comparative figures for patient characteristics and outcomes of interest, and a second is due shortly. The collection of detailed comparable data, including co-morbidity evaluation, on a large scale is likely to prove valuable for unit specialist accreditation, surgeon re-validation, audit and research.
Serotonin2C receptor blockade and thermoregulation during exercise in the heat.

PURPOSE The effect of serotonin (5-HT)2C receptor blockade on the thermal response and exercise performance during exercise in a warm environment was examined. METHODS Seven endurance-trained, but not heat-acclimatized, individuals (six males and one female) performed two 40-km time trials on a static cycle ergometer in a climatic chamber maintained at a mean (SD) ambient temperature of 35.5 (0.4) degrees C. The 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, pizotifen (1.5 mg), or placebo was administered orally on the evening before and again 6 h before exercise began. RESULTS Resting rectal temperature (Tre) was higher (P=0.03) after pizotifen than placebo administration. Tre increased over time during exercise in both trials and was higher (P<0.05) during exercise in the pizotifen trial compared with the placebo trial from 40 to 60 min of exercise. There was no difference in Tre on completion of the time trial. The median times (range) required to complete the 40-km trials were 75.4 (69.0-82.5) and 76.1 (68.0-82.1) min in the pizotifen and placebo trials, respectively. Despite a trend for speed to be slower in the later stages of exercise in the pizotifen trial, performance was not significantly influenced by administration of pizotifen (P=0.86). Resting serum prolactin (Prl) and cortisol concentrations were not different after pizotifen or placebo administration. In both trials, serum Prl and cortisol values increased over time and were increased relative to resting levels in both trials (P<0.01) but were not different between treatments. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that 5-HT may influence body temperature via an effect on the 5-HT2C receptors, but this effect was not sufficient to influence performance.