Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organic cation transporter 3 mediates cisplatin and copper cross-resistance in hepatoma cells

Platinum-based drugs are first-line compounds in the treatment of many solid cancers. Major obstacles are tumors that become resistant and toxic side effects, both largely due to the expression of transporters that mediate the cellular processing of platinum. In this study, we addressed the establishment of cisplatin resistance in the absence of copper transporter ATP7B that has been previously found to be overexpressed in various resistant cells. Cisplatin sensitivity, induction of apoptosis, drug accumulation, and transporter gene expression were determined in hepatoma cell lines. Knockout or overexpression of copper transporter ATP7B did not affect cisplatin sensitivity. Cisplatin resistant cells showed a stably reduced cisplatin accumulation and a downregulation of organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3). In contrast, OCT3 overexpression could reverse resistance. Reduced MT1 expression was detected in the resistant cell line, however transient and highly dependent on the presence of cisplatin. Cross-resistance to copper was also associated with OCT3 downregulation. Our results suggest that a decreased level of OCT3 expression results in resistance to cisplatin and copper. OCT3 may represent a novel target for improved prognosis and anticancer therapy, including HCC.
Impact of social networking sites on post-partum depression in women: An analysis in the context of Bangladesh

Postpartum Depression (PPD) refers to moderate or severe depression in a woman after childbirth. It is strikingly common in new mothers from all regions of the world with a prevalence of around 10–15%. PPD can have severe adverse effects on maternal and child health, such as suicidal tendency of the mother, infanticide as well as poor cognitive and developmental growth of the child. Despite this, few women seek medical attention due to ignorance, negligence and financial limitations; the latter is especially true for those who live in developing countries. Nowadays, social networking sites (SNS) e.g., Facebook can act as accessible and effective tools for the prevention and treatment of PPD. In this paper, we analyze the opinions and awareness level of Bangladeshi people about PPD and impact of using SNS during postpartum period on reducing PPD based on our survey (N = 93). We also discuss possible SNS-based interventions and design implications that can effectively and feasibly reduce PPD in women in developing countries.
Robust sliding mode controller design of a dual-stage actuator system for S-curve tracking

In order to provide speed and accuracy in a long-stroke precision positioning system, the Dual-Stage Actuator (DSA) design have been utilized widely in different industrial applications. This paper uses the Fast Non-singular Terminal Sliding Mode (FNTSM) controller, a known robust method, for controlling such a DSA system, applied to track a s-shaped reference trajectory. A full controller design is derived for this DSA system, and further analysis with the selection criteria of the controller parameters for the DSA improves the tracking performance over traditional PID and Non-Singular Terminal Sliding Mode (NTFS) ones. Simulation results demonstrate the FNTSM controller feasibility and verify its robustness, especially accounting the relative distance between the two actuators. An order of magnitude improvement on error and relative distance is shown when the DSA system is accelerating and decelerating on the s-shaped trajectory movement.
A novel approach for leakage current reduction of 14nm NMOS device using HfO2 dielectric

This paper explores the use of high-k material in place of SiO2 in MOSFET for 14nm technology, new device materials are required that can enhance the performance of MOSFET. The use of high-k material in MOSFET can triumph over the problem of power dissipation and leakage current. This paper explores the suitability of HfO2 as gate dielectric material at 14nm technology. The performance of the device was tested through simulation using sentaurus structure editor in TCAD. The device shows a good refinement on its result of subthreshold leakage current, Ioff, and drive current, Ion for HfO2 dielectric constants (k). The simulation results reveal that Ion / Ioff reduce by 62.94%, which proves that HfO2 is the best dielectric material and it can replace SiO2.
Silent cerebral microembolism in asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid artery stenoses of low and high degree.

124 carotid arteries of 62 patients with unilateral or bilateral carotid stenosis proven by selective angiography were investigated by transcranial Doppler to detect high-intensity transient signals (HITS) in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). HITS identified as embolic signals were detected in 29 of 124 (23.3%) MCAs and in all cases were asymptomatic. HITS were more common in the MCAs on the same side as high-degree (> 70%) carotid stenoses (24 of 57 = 42.2%) compared with low-degree (< 70%) carotid stenoses (5 of 28 = 17.9%, p < 0.05). No HITS were detected in the MCAs on the same side as normal (24) and occluded (15) carotid arteries. About the clinical features related to the stenoses, HITS were detected with a nonsignificant prevalence in the MCAs on the same side as symptomatic stenoses (16 of 43 = 37.2%) compared with asymptomatic stenoses (13 of 42 = 30.9%) and a relationship between HITS number and time elapsed from symptoms was observed. All symptomatic carotid stenoses > 70% (33) underwent endarterectomy and none of them showed HITS after surgical treatment. These results encourage the feasibility of prognostic studies to evaluate the clinical significance of embolic signals and suggest that silent microembolism could be helpful in selecting a high-risk group of asymptomatic or < 70% carotid stenoses for endarterectomy.
Neuropeptide Y stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone from medial basal hypothalamus in vitro: modulation by ovarian hormones.

These studies investigated the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on in vitro release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) from the medial basal hypothalmus (MBH) and tested whether ovarian steroids modulate the LHRH response to NPY. Ovariectomized rats were implanted with 20-mm-long Silastic capsules containing a low concentration of estradiol (E2) (150 micrograms/ml oil), a high concentration of E2 (250 micrograms/ml oil), or sesame oil vehicle. Additional animals received high-dose E2 capsules plus an injection of progesterone (15 mg) concomitantly. Two days later, individual MBH fragments were incubated in medium alone for a 30-min period to obtain the basal rate of LHRH release, followed by a second 30-min period in medium containing NPY or saline. Exposure to NPY (10(-6) M) increased the release of LHRH from MBH of ovarian hormone-treated, but not from hormonally untreated rats. The LHRH response was most pronounced from the MBH of rats treated with either high-dose E2 or E2 plus progesterone. The increase in LHRH release was also elicited by 10(-7) M, but not by 10(-8) M NPY concentrations, using MBH from E2 plus progesterone-treated rats. In addition, NPY markedly potentiated the KCl-evoked release of LHRH from MBH of ovariectomized, hormonally untreated or low-dose E2-treated rats, under conditions when there was little or no effect of NPY on the basal LHRH release. Further, the release of LHRH stimulated by NPY was not accompanied by increase in the release of norepinephrine or of dopamine. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spinal accessory nerve repair using a direct nerve transfer from the upper trunk: results with 2 years follow-up

Spinal accessory nerve grafting requires identification of both nerve stumps in the scar tissue, which is sometimes difficult. We propose a direct nerve transfer using a fascicle from the posterior division of the upper trunk. We retrospectively reviewed 11 patients with trapezius palsy due to an iatrogenic injury of the spinal accessory nerve in nine cases. The mean age was 38 years (range 21–59). Preoperatively, patients showed shoulder weakness and limited range of motion. At a mean follow-up of 25 months, active shoulder abduction improvement averaged 57°. Trapezius muscle strength graded M4 or M5 in 10 cases and M3 in one case. No deltoid or triceps impairment was reported. Scapula kinematics was considered normal in seven patients. This technique gave satisfactory functional results and may be an alternative to spinal accessory nerve grafting for the management of trapezius palsies if direct repair is not feasible. Level of evidence: IV
Co‐administration of caffeine and caffeic acid alters some key enzymes linked with reproductive function in male rats

This study assessed the effects of caffeine combined with caffeic acid on some biomarkers of male reproductive function using normal albino Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) and treated for seven successive days; group 1 represents the control rats; group 2 rats were treated with 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) of caffeine only; group 3 rats were treated with 50 mg/kg BW of caffeic acid, while the rats in group 4 were cotreated with an equal combination of caffeine and caffeic acid. The results revealed significant increase in reproductive hormone, testicular and epididymal nitric oxide levels of the rats. Moreover, decreased oxidative stress in the testes and epididymides of the treated rats was evidenced by significant increase in total and nonprotein thiol levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Similarly, decreased testicular cholesterol level with concomitant elevation in testicular steroidogenic enzyme activities, glycogen and zinc levels were observed in the treated rats. No morphological changes were observed as revealed by the photomicrographs from light microscopy in treated rats. Nevertheless, the combination therapy exhibited additive/synergistic effect on these biochemical indices than when they were administered singly. This study suggests the combination therapy of caffeine and caffeic acid at the dose tested for improving male reproductive function.
18F-Fludarabine PET for Lymphoma Imaging: First-in-Humans Study on DLBCL and CLL Patients

This was the first-in-humans clinical study of 18F-fludarabine, which is a radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging in lymphoma, for which many issues remain controversial with the standard radiotracer 18F-FDG. Methods: 18F-fludarabine PET or PET/CT was performed on 10 patients: 5 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 5 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The tumor uptake, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry of 18F-fludarabine were evaluated. Six successive partial-body PET scans were acquired for 250 min after an intravenous 4 MBq/kg bolus of 18F-fludarabine. SUVs were recorded for each involved lymph node territory and for several extranodal sites, with particular reference to the liver. To assess the time-related uptake profile of 18F-fludarabine, PET images were analyzed by delineating volumes of interest over the uptake sites on the optimal scan for visual observation and were projected onto all coregistered scans of the same subject. Physical examination, laboratory studies, and contrast-enhanced CT were performed on all patients. For the DLBCL group, 18F-FDG PET was also considered. Results: In DLBCL patients, increased 18F-fludarabine uptake was observed in sites considered abnormal by CT or 18F-FDG, with SUVs significantly higher in involved lesions than in physiologic nontarget sites. Nonetheless, the comparison of 18F-fludarabine and 18F-FDG PET showed discrepancies in 2 patients. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, the uptake of 18F-fludarabine coincided with sites expected to be involved (including splenic invasion) according to conventional clinical and CT staging and was significant in hematopoietic bone marrow. No uptake was observed, whatever the disease group, in cardiac muscle or brain. The mean effective dose from a mean injected 18F-fludarabine activity of 305 ± 76 MBq was 3.07 ± 0.81 mSv. Conclusion: 18F-fludarabine PET might well be a promising tool for lymphoproliferative diseases. The radiation dose of this radiopharmaceutical is below that of 18F-FDG. The specificity of this PET probe for lymphoid cells, its absence of accumulation in reactive tissues, and its feasibility for detection of bone marrow infiltration might play an innovative role in lymphoma imaging.
Micromechanical Viscoelastic Analysis of Flax Fiber Reinforced Bio-Based Polyurethane Composites

In this study, a novel, bio-based polyol was used in the formulation of a polyurethane (PU) matrix for a composite material where fl ax fi ber was used as the reinforcement. The viscoelastic properties of the matrix and fl ax fi ber were determined by a linear viscoelastic model through experimentation and the results were used as input for the material properties in the computational model. A fi nite element micromechanical model of a representative volume element (RVE) in terms of repeating unit cells (RUC) was developed to predict the mechanical properties of composites. Six loading conditions were applied on the RUC to predict and defi ne the viscoelastic behavior of the composite unit cell. The time-history of averaged response was determined in terms of stress and strains. The results of this study suggest that applying the overall rate-dependent behavior of fl ax fi ber to the micromechanical model leads to a good agreement between the micromechanical modeling and experimental results. The modeling approach is effi cient and accurate as long as the periodicity in the composite rules. This modeling approach can be used as a powerful algorithm in determining linear and nonlinear properties in material mechanics analysis and characterization.
Spectrophotometry and Ultracentrifugation for Measurement of Plasma Lipids in Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus

Background There are conflicting reports of plasma lipoprotein lipid content in dogs with diabetes mellitus (DM). Objectives To determine lipoprotein lipid content of plasma of dogs with DM by spectrophotometry and ultracentrifugation; to compare lipoprotein lipid content in diabetic and healthy dogs; and to quantify apolipoprotein B‐100 (ApoB) in dogs with DM. Animals 22 dogs with DM and 9 healthy dogs. Methods Cross‐sectional study. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentrations were calculated after ultracentrifugation. Non‐HDL‐C cholesterol was calculated by subtracting HDL‐C from TC. ApoB was quantified by ELISA. The Mann‐Whitney test was used for comparison of median lipoprotein concentrations, and Spearman's correlation was used to assess associations between ApoB and lipoprotein fractions. Results All values are reported in mg/dL. Median TG (122), TC (343.5), HDL‐C, (200), VLDL‐C, (27) LDL‐C (68), non‐HDL‐C (114), and ApoB (320) were significantly higher in dogs with DM, compared to healthy dogs (57, 197, 168, 12, 16, 31, and 258, respectively, P‐values 0.0079, <0.001, 0.029, 0.011, <0.001, <0.001, 0.025, respectively). A significant association was found between ApoB and LDL‐C (Spearman's rho = 0.41, P = 0.022) and between ApoB and non‐HDL‐C (Spearman's rho = 0.40, P = 0.027). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dyslipidemia of dogs with DM is characterized by pronounced increases in LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C concentrations, although all lipoprotein fractions are significantly increased. Knowledge of specific lipoprotein fraction alterations in dogs with DM can enhance treatment options for diabetic dyslipidemia in dogs.
Drug Transport by the Blood–Aqueous Humor Barrier of the Eye

The ocular barriers (cornea, blood–retinal barrier, and blood–aqueous humor barrier) make treating eye diseases with therapeutic drugs challenging. The tight capillary endothelium of the iris and the ciliary body epithelium form the blood–aqueous humor barrier. The iris and ciliary body (iris-ciliary body) express a variety of drug transporters in the ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier (SLC) families. ATP-binding cassette family drug transporters that are present in the iris-ciliary body include P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein, and several multidrug resistance–associated proteins. SLC family drug transporters that are present in the iris-ciliary body include organic anion transporters, organic anion transporting polypeptides, bile acid transporters (apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter and sodium taurocholate cotransporter), organic cation transporters (novel organic cation transporter and multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter) and peptide transporters. Freshly dissected iris-ciliary body preparations actively accumulate a variety of substrates of SLC drug transporters that are expressed in the tissue. The ciliary body in vitro supports active transport in the aqueous humor-to-blood direction of several substrates of organic anion transporters and multidrug resistance–associated proteins, consistent with the subcellular localization of these transporters in the ciliary body epithelium. In vivo data suggest that drug transporters in the iris-ciliary body reduce the permeation of drugs in the direction of blood-to-aqueous humor, thereby reducing ocular drug bioavailability, and are also involved in active drug elimination from the aqueous humor. An understanding of the influence on pharmacokinetics of drug transporters in the blood–aqueous humor barrier should help improve drug delivery and efficacy in the eye.
Reconfigurable LLC Topology With Squeezed Frequency Span for High-Voltage Bus-Based Photovoltaic Systems

In high-voltage bus-based photovoltaic systems, an isolated dc/dc converter is required to link the wide range low-voltage solar panel and the high-voltage dc bus. In this letter, a novel LLC topology with reconfigurable voltage multiplier rectifier is proposed for use in such applications. Depending on different input voltages, its rectifier automatically switches among type-4, type-5, and type-6 voltage multiplier configurations. Thus, the switching frequency range can be effectively squeezed and the efficiency over wide input range can be enhanced. Zero voltage switching and zero current switching are realized among all power mosfets and all power diodes, respectively. A 300 W prototype converting a 25–50 V input to a 760 V bus is designed and tested both in steady state and dynamically. Both the circuit functionality and the theoretical analysis are verified by the experimental results. The prototype demonstrates 96.1% peak efficiency and good overall efficiency performance over a wide input range.
Numerical and Experimental Evaluations of the Quench Detection Performance of an YBCO/Nb–Ti d Tape

Quench detection for the high-temperature superconducting tape, especially rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tape, is difficult due to the small normal zone propagation velocity in it. To address this issue, we have proposed a novel quench detectable REBCO tape with a low-temperature superconducting wire used as a quench detector, “REBCO/LTSd tape. ” In this paper, we numerically and experimentally demonstrated the validity of the tape consisting of the yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) tape and the Nb–Ti wire used at 4.2 K under no external field. Results of the numerical simulation showed that sufficiently high voltage of 0.1 V can be detected before the maximum temperature of the YBCO tape reaches 50 K with the Nb–Ti wires having high resistance at normal conducting state. Experimental results also demonstrated that the quench in the YBCO was detected with the 1 V scale voltage by using the pure Nb–Ti wire.
Cigarette Smoking Is Associated With Increased Risk of Substance Use Disorder Relapse: A Nationally Representative, Prospective Longitudinal Investigation.

OBJECTIVE Little is known about the relationship between cigarette smoking and long-term outcomes for substance use disorder (SUD). The current study examined the association between smoking and SUD relapse among adults with remitted SUDs. METHODS Analyses were conducted on respondents who completed Waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions and met DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse and dependence prior to but not during the year before the Wave 1 interview (n = 5,515). Relationships between smoking status (Wave 2 smoking vs nonsmoking among Wave 1 smokers; Wave 2 smoking vs nonsmoking among Wave 1 nonsmokers) and Wave 2 substance use and SUD relapse were examined using logistic regression analyses. Analyses were adjusted for demographics, psychiatric and alcohol use disorders, nicotine dependence, and SUD severity. RESULTS In the fully adjusted models, continued smoking at Wave 2 among Wave 1 smokers was associated with significantly greater odds of substance use (OR = 1.56, 95% CI, 1.10-2.20) and SUD relapse (OR = 2.02, 95% CI, 1.65-2.47) compared to Wave 2 nonsmoking. In the fully adjusted model, smoking at Wave 2 among Wave 1 nonsmokers was associated with significantly greater odds of SUD relapse compared to Wave 2 nonsmoking (OR = 4.86, 95% CI, 3.11-7.58). CONCLUSIONS Continued smoking among smokers and smoking initiation among nonsmokers were associated with greater odds of SUD relapse. More research is needed to examine the timing of SUD relapse in relation to smoking behaviors. Incorporating smoking cessation and prevention efforts into substance abuse treatment may improve long-term substance use outcomes for adult smokers with SUDs.
Pain, sensory disturbances and psychological distress are common sequelae after treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Sequelae such as pain, sensory disturbances and psychological distress are well known after treatment for invasive breast cancer (IBC). Patients treated for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) receive a similar treatment as low-risk IBC. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe prevalence of postoperative pain, sensory disturbances, psychological distress and rehabilitation needs among Danish women with DCIS. Methods: A total of 574 women treated for DCIS in Denmark in 2013 and 2014 were enrolled and 473 (82%) completed a detailed questionnaire on demographic factors, pain, sensory disturbances, psychological aspects and rehabilitation needs 1–3 years after surgery. Results: Median age was 60 years. A total of 33% of patients reported any pain and 12% reported moderate to severe pain in the area of surgery. Younger age (<50 years OR 4.7 (95% CI: 1.6–14.0, p = 0.006)), aged 50 to 65 years OR 2.8 (95% CI: 1.1–7.0, p = 0.02) and anxiety and depression (measured by HADStotal >15 OR of 3.1 (95% CI: 1.5–6.3, p = 0.003)) were significantly associated with moderate to severe pain. Approximately one-third of the patients reported sensory disturbances such as pins and needles (32%), numbness (37%) and painful itch (30%) and 94 women (20%) reported anxiety ≥8, 26 (6%) depression and 51 (11%) reported distress. Conclusions: This cross-sectional study showed that women treated for DCIS suffered from pain, sensory disturbances and psychological impairment and had unmet rehabilitation needs. Further research is warranted, specifically addressing rehabilitation after diagnosis and treatment of DCIS.