Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IPT System Efficiency Improvement Considering Loss Characteristics of Inverter and Resonant Circuit

As an efficiency improvement method for inductive power transfer (IPT) systems, there is a method that adjusts the load impedance of the resonant circuit to the appropriate value by the converters. Generally, this method has been used for efficiency maximization of resonant circuits. However, the efficiency characteristics of the converters have not been considered in the method. In other words, the converter is not always driven at the appropriate operation points. For this reason, the conventional method does not always give the highest efficiency in the overall system. Therefore, this paper shows a guideline for the efficiency improvement of a system, which consists of a resonant circuit and a primary-side converter. In addition, for the guideline, power loss models of the resonant circuit and the converter are constructed. And then, the effectiveness of the proposed guideline is confirmed by experiments. As a result, by controlling the system according to the guideline, the efficiency at the maximum power transfer improves by 0.35 pt in comparison with the conventional method.
Vibration Mechanism Analysis for Dual Three-Phase Machine with Carrier Phase-Shift

The development of multi-phase motors provides additional freedom for vibration suppression using the modulation scheme. In this paper, the vibration suppression mechanism of the dual three-phase motor with carrier phase-shift modulation method is analyzed. Firstly, the time domain waveform and spatial distribution of radial and tangential electromagnetic forces of the motor are analyzed theoretically. Then, the co-simulation analysis method is used to simulate the electromagnetic vibration excitation source under different modulation schemes. Finally, the vibration experiments of the motor are implemented. According to the theoretical analysis and the experiments results, the vibration mechanism and characteristics can be derived. It is found that the body-side and the load-side vibrations in high-frequency band present different characteristics under the different modulation schemes.
A Sliding Mode Control Strategy with Discrete Pulse Frequency Modulation for CLLC DC-DC Converter

A sliding mode control (SMC) strategy with discrete pulse frequency modulation is applied for CLLC resonant converter and the sliding surface is designed to be easy to realize by hardware circuit. The method of input-output linearization is introduced to design SMC controller to guarantee the robustness and improve the dynamic performances. The theoretical analysis and the dynamic performances are verified by the simulation. The simulation results show that the control strategy has a strong robustness and a quick dynamic response. And the chattering caused by SMC controller is small.
Software Physical/Virtual Rx Queue Mapping Toward High-Performance Containerized Networking

Softwarization of Network Functions (NFs) accelerates automated deployment and management of services on next-gen networks. Combining flexibility and high-performance is a vital requirement for Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); however, many studies have demonstrated that containerization or virtualization of NFs severely degrades the fundamental efficiency of packet forwarding. Virtual network I/O, a mechanism of packet transferring between a guest and the host, has been seen as the performance bottleneck in the PVP (Physical-Virtual-Physical) datapath, and one of the main causes of this deterioration is packet copy between them. Various techniques, such as zero-copy, pass-through, and hardware offloading, have been examined to alleviate the performance overhead. However, existing designs and implementations incur pragmatic issues, such as compatibility, manageability, and insufficient quality of performance. We propose yet another design and implementation of zero-copy/pass-through acceleration (named IOVTee) to resolve real-world problems as well as to enhance the forwarding efficiency. IOVTee takes advantage of pre-processing of virtual switches with achieving zero-copy on the receive (Rx) path. The pluggable style of IOVTee for vhost-user (the de-facto virtual network I/O) enables our approach to be transparent to both containers/VMs and virtual switches. In this article, we explain the heart of IOVTee, a fully software-based Rx queue mapping mechanism (between physical and virtual) that enables a concept of Virtual DMA Write-through (to the NF). Our evaluation results showed that applying IOVTee to vhost-user drastically increased efficiency of packet forwarding in the PVP datapath (by 45% and 98% for traffic of 64-byte and 1514-byte packets respectively).
A High Efficiency Medical LED Driver with Novel Pulse Current Output

High precision and low temperature are necessary in medical LED lighting. While the conventional LED lighting with high power density easily raise the temperature. A new concept of pulse output for medical LED driver is proposed in this paper, which has minimal impact on the temperature. The corresponding double frequency control method based buck converter is also proposed to achieve high precision and low temperature. Soft start and zero voltage switching (ZVS) are achieved to realize high efficiency. A 4 V/10 A simulation topology has been designed to demonstrate the capability and excellent performance of the proposed driving technique.
Compact Dual-Strain Sensitivity Polymer Optical Fiber Grating for Multi-Parameter Sensing

In this article, two configurations are presented for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature by reducing the cross-section area in small regions of the fiber where the Bragg gratings were inscribed, to achieve dual sensitivity to strain and handle the cross-sensitivity to temperature of a single grating. Each configuration used a single Bragg grating inscribed in a 2-ring undoped poly (methyl methacrylate) microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF) with a pulsed Q-switched Nd:YAG laser system. To reduce the cross-section area, a femtosecond laser system was used to remove portions of the mPOF, creating micromachined slots in the fiber, with different lengths for each configuration. The result was the appearance of a second peak when strain is applied, with a higher strain sensitivity. The thermal, humidity and refractive index response of these gratings were analyzed, revealing a thermal sensitivity almost twice the value of a common Bragg grating inscribed in the same mPOF. The maximum root mean square errors obtained when both strain and temperature are applied in these grating devices were 52 μϵ and 0.6 °C, respectively. These results show that the method used to produce these devices could be a suitable and reliable option to fabricate very compact sensors to simultaneously measure strain and other parameters, such as temperature. Moreover, these devices may be used as phase-shift gratings since the position of the reflective peaks and their relative spectral separation may be modulated by applying strain to the optical fiber.
Investigation of Contact Characteristic in an Augmented Quadrupole Electromagnetic Launcher

In order to overcome ablation on the rail–armature contact region and increase electromagnetic thrust force, a structure of armature arm with interference fit is designed in augmented quadrupole electromagnetic launcher (EML). Good contact characteristic between the armature and rails plays an important role in the success of EML. The electromagnetic-structure coupling model based on the finite element analysis is presented to investigate the contact characteristic, the distribution of current density, and the electromagnetic force (EMF) and the contact pressure is given, which indicates the EMF needs to be loaded unevenly on the armature arm. Finally, based on electromagnetic-structure coupling model, some important parameters including the contact area, the contact efficiency, the contact counterforce, and maximal contact pressure are analyzed with the different interference, different length, and different thickness of armature arm after the pulse current is loaded. The dependences of nonuniform contact parameters on the nonuniform EMF are obtained.
X-ray image denoising for Cargo Dual Energy Inspection System

The current instruments for cargo inception systems use dual energy system e.g. 9/6 MeV or 6/3 MeV for material discrimination, the low energy transmission system introduces a special kind of noise, a random vertical lines noise, this noise may cause severe problems in material discrimination. We propose a novel convolutional neural network-based technique for 3 MeV xray image denoising and we also introduce a mathematical model to artificially generate this kind of noise, due to the lack of a large x-ray cargo images. We trained our model on artificially generated images with the simulated random vertical noise, while we tested the model on both of artificially generated images and a real image generated by an x-ray dual energy system. The system showed a competitive peak-to-noise ratio PSNR of 41.2 and a structure similarity index of 0.956.
Design of a Novel Power/Information Integrated Energy Router for E-LAN

This paper proposed a novel power/information integrated energy router for net-structured community energy local area network (E-LAN). The energy router is responsible for the household power management and neighbourhood power scheduling. The proposed energy router is a DC/AC hybrid system and compatible with all kinds of devices, including renewable energy resources, energy storage devices, power grids, loads, as well as other energy routers. As the key component in the energy router, interconnection interfaces to other energy router(s) are carefully designed. Power/data double modulation is employed and improved in this application, thus communication within and among energy routers is achieved without extra transmitters or wires. A prototype system has been built to verify the feasibility of the proposed energy router.
Parameter Optimization and Experimental Test of 4-MJ/m³ IPPS Module

Inductive pulsed power supply (IPPS) is a competitive type of power supply for electromagnetic launch (EML). Compared with the capacitive type, the structure and working process of IPPS are more complicated, which make the design of the IPPS module difficult. In this article, the method of calculating the module performance from structural and electrical parameters is proposed. Based on that, the biobjective optimization of a 100-kJ module is carried out. With the help of genetic algorithms, the optimization results are 2500 nondominated solutions on the Pareto front, and one of the representative solutions is verified by experiments. The performance of the built module is in good agreement with the calculated value. Its energy density reaches 3.98 MJ/m3, the peak output current reaches 23 kA with 8.1-ms pulsewidth.
Torque Ripple Reduction of a Doubly Salient Electromagnetic Machine Using Harmonic Current Injection with Optimized Magnetomotive Force

The doubly salient electromagnetic machine (DSEM) has the advantages of simple and reliable structure while suffering from the problem of torque ripple due to the salient poles. In order to reduce the torque ripple and improve the torque performance, this paper proposes a harmonic current injection method combined with the optimized proportion of the armature magnetomotive force (MMF) and field MMF. The relationship between the copper loss and the total MMF is investigated. The influence of MMF proportion on the average torque and torque ripple is studied and the optimized MMF proportion is obtained at the fixed copper loss. The effect of harmonic current injection on torque performance is further analyzed on the basis of the optimized MMF proportion. The finite element analysis (FEA) result shows the torque ripple of the 12/10-pole DSEM is decreased more than 50% and the average torque keeps nearly unchanged after injecting the 5th or 7th harmonic current under the optimized MMF proportion, and the loss increment after the harmonic injection is less than 3%.
An Electronic Line-Shafting Control Strategy Based on Sliding Mode Observer for Distributed Driving Electric Vehicles

This paper proposed control schemes to realize the collaborative control as well as enhance the control precision for the distributed driving electric vehicle (DDEV). Firstly, we suggested an electronic line-shafting (ELS) to realize the cooperative control for the Multi-Motor system which is installed in the DDEV. Secondly, we adopted a nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC) method combined with a sliding mode observer (SMO) to quicken the response velocity and strengthen the robustness of the single motor controller. Finally, for the chattering value caused by the internal parameter variation and external disturbance, a fuzzy algorithm is proposed to obtain the controller parameters of NTSMC in real-time to eliminate the chattering value of DDEV. Through several simulations and experiments, the results demonstrate that the proposed strategies can realize ideal collaborative control for the Multi-Motor system, as well as improve the dynamic performance and anti-jamming ability for the whole control system of DDEV.
Novel Virtual Zero-vector to Accelerate the Neutral Point Voltage Balance of T-type Eight-switch Three-phase Inverters

Eight-switch three-phase inverters (ESTPI) are widely used as the fault-tolerant topology for three-level inverter faults due to their simple structure and low cost. However, the fault phase is directly connected to the neutral point, and this direct connection increases the voltage fluctuation of Neutral Point (NP). This study proposes a virtual zero-vector synthesis strategy that can rapidly balance NP voltage at low modulation index.
Augmented Reality-Supported Tangible Gamification for Debugging Learning

Innovative technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality, tangible user interfaces (TUIs), computer games, robotics and microprocessors have seen an interest within educational research due to their potential for fostering active learning in and outside the classroom. This paper aims to explore the affordances of AR and TUIs as mediums of instruction to address the problem of teaching and learning text-based computer languages, computer science concepts, and programming skills such as debugging. It presents parallels between the technology-supported learning and the active, scaffolded narrative entertainment experience in videogames, and suggests a conceptual framework for the design of learning environments for programming and debugging by using AR and tangible interaction to support scaffolding.
Cloud computing-based Elliptic Curve Augmented Encryption framework for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

The purpose of this research work is to develop a framework, which can provide message authentication for communication that occurs in a vehicular network. The main aim of the research work is to provide a high level of security and encryption for the messages that are being transferred in the vehicular network. The networks are provided with augmented encryption scheme with different approaches to have secure and private communication. The research is based on the Cloud computing-based Elliptic Curve Augmented Encryption framework for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks. The research for this project is done with the help of the VEA (VANET network data, Elliptic encryption, Authenticated messages) framework. The given system provides more efficient and accurate system architecture for the communicating messages in the vehicular ad hoc network with the help of different approaches for performing the encryption on the messages that are being transferred. This encryption architecture leads to increased security in the system. State of the art had comparatively lower accuracy in communication. The utilization of various algorithms for providing the encryption to the messages resulting in the increased authentication in communication and improves the efficiency and accuracy of the solution. The research has the goal to provide highlevel security architecture for message authentication with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, computation and communication with the help of encryption algorithms.
Hybrid Two/Three Level Converter using SiC MOSFETs and Si IGBTs with Topology Reconfiguration for Improved Full Load Range Efficiency

This paper explores the use of a hybrid level-matching converter (HLMC) for improved full range efficiency in high power MW applications. It is shown that a parallel hybrid converter comprised of a parallel connected SiC based three-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) topology using 1.7 kV devices and a Si based two-level Half Bridge (HB) topology using 3.3 kV devices can be used to minimize losses across a wide operating range. This is achieved by means of a model predictive control algorithm which selects switching states to exploit the lowest available conduction loss paths and switching loss transitions. Full load range efficiency of the HLMC is compared to those of three phase HB and NPC converters to verify the efficiency improvement of the HLMC in the application of grid side energy conversion.
Time-Domain Short-Pulse Feeding Network for Monopulse Antenna With High Fidelity

A monopulse feeding network is proposed for transmitting and receiving time-domain short pulse with high fidelity. The network consists of coplanar waveguides (CPWs), slotlines, microstrip lines, and transitions. Both the sum and the differential performances of the network depend mainly on the transverse structures of these transmission lines rather than their lengths, providing the capability of short-pulse transmission with high fidelity. Moreover, the normalized Euclid distance is employed to characterize and optimize the time-domain performance of the proposed network. A prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured, and linear phase response and stable transmission coefficient are achieved in ultrawide bandwidth. Time-domain performances are evaluated using an input differential Gaussian pulse, with a frequency spectrum of 4–12 GHz. The fidelity between input and output signals is over 0.96, and the amplitude of received signals is nearly the same, showing potential in short-pulse monopulse applications of the network.
A Three-Phase Seven-Level Active-Rectified Interleaved Flying Capacitor Converter with Distributed Loss and Improved Reliability

In recent years, the rapid development of energy storage systems has put forward higher efficiency and higher reliability requirements for bidirectional AC/DC converters. This paper presents a three-phase seven-level active-rectified interleaved flying capacitor converter with more distributed loss and improved reliability. It gives the derivation, modulation and control principles of the converter and simulation results under rectifier mode. Detailed loss distribution and reliability analysis are given. Proposing a fault control unit, it verifies that the converter can still operate fault-tolerant when some switches are short-circuited. Based on Markov chain Method, it can be seen that the reliability has been improved further by adding the fault control unit.
CQI-Based Interference Detection and Resource Allocation With QoS Provision in LTE-U Systems

Long-Term Evolution in unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) is a promising solution to address the spectrum scarcity in the cellular networks. However, the LTE-U and WiFi systems may interfere with each other and degrade the performance. Thus, many works have focused on coexistence design and proposed various solutions. Nevertheless, the hidden terminal problem has not been well studied in the LTE-U system. In this paper, we investigate joint interference detection and resource allocation in the LTE-U system to maximize the overall system throughput while guaranteeing each user's quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. Firstly, to solve the hidden terminal problem and avoid the co-channel interference between the WiFi and LTE-U users, we adopt a cluster-based algorithm to find the potential WiFi interference for each LTE-U user according to their channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback and location information. Secondly, we formulate a joint subcarrier and power allocation problem over the licensed and unlicensed bands with each user's QoS provision. To make the original problem more tractable, we separate it into licensed and unlicensed subproblems and then derive the optimal solution. Moreover, we propose a low-complexity resource allocation scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed schemes can significantly improve the system performance and outperform the existing schemes.
The Visualized Analysis of Bitcoin Change Wallets in the Coin Flow Network

In recent years, crimes using bitcoin as a tool have brought severe impacts to the social order. Bitcoin has the characteristics of high anonymity, decentralization, peer-to-peer, and the use of asymmetric encryption. These high tech features make bitcoin a new criminal tool which often used by organized criminal groups. Therefore, analyzing bitcoin flow has become critical for law enforcement to conduct a criminal investigation. However, due to its UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output) transaction pattern, many change wallets are generated in analyzing bitcoin flow, which affects the judgment of actual money flow analysis. In this research, we implement input-output differential and temporary rules to detect change wallets by analyzing bitcoin transaction pattern characteristics. Furthermore, we design web crawlers as a tool to collect and parse transactions of highly suspected criminal bitcoin wallets. Micro and macro perspectives of network analysis are provided by social network analysis (SNA) and visualization technology. The experimental results indicate that the proposed rules can detect both clustered and marginal change wallets. By eliminating the noise information caused by change wallets can provide coherent financial flows of interpretation for criminal investigation.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Copolymer Based on Thiazolothiazole and Dithienosilole for Polymer Solar Cells

Scheme 1 . Molecular structures of PDTSBTz and PDTSTTz . In recent years, polymer solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention because of their advantages of low cost, easy fabrication, light weight, and the capability to fabricate fl exible large-area devices. [ 1–5 ] The key issue in studies of PSCs is the power conversion effi ciency (PCE) of the devices. The factors that determine the PCE of the PSCs are the open-circuit voltage ( V OC ), short-circuit current ( J SC ), and fi ll factor (FF). V OC is limited by the difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the donor and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the acceptor. [ 6 ] The J SC is closely related to the absorption capacity and charge-carrier mobility of the photovoltaic materials, and the FF is infl uenced by the charge-carrier mobility of the photoactive layer. Higher charge-carrier mobility results in larger J SC and higher FF values. [ 7 ] The photoactive layer of PSCs is commonly composed of a blend of a conjugated polymer donor and a fullerene derivative acceptor such as [6,6]-phenyl-C 60 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 60 BM) or [6,6]-phenyl-C 70 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 70 BM). Regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and PC 60 BM are the most representative donor and acceptor materials, and the PCE values of PSCs based on P3HT/PCBM can reach over 4%. [ 8 ] Nevertheless, the relatively large bandgap and higher-lying HOMO energy level ( − 4.76 eV) [ 9 ] of P3HT signifi cantly limits the J SC and V OC values ( V OC is limited to ca. 0.6 V) of PSCs based on P3HT/ PCBM. In order to improve the visible absorption and decrease the HOMO energy level of conjugated polymers, design and synthesis of donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers has been proven to be the most successful strategy. [ 10–17 ] With this strategy, the PCE of the PSCs using new D–A copolymers as donor materials has recently reached up to 6–7%. [ 16 , 17 ]