Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONTROL OF ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH BY MATING DISRUPTION USING SEX PHEROMONE IN THE NIAGARA PENINSULA, ONTARIO

Abstract Disruption of mating for control of Oriental fruit moth [Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)] using Isomate M pheromone dispensers was tested from 1987 to 1990 in the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario. The effectiveness of pheromone was evaluated using virgin female-baited traps, synthetic pheromone-baited traps, and by inspecting samples of twigs and fruit for evidence of G. molesta damage. No males were caught in virgin female-baited traps placed in pheromone-treated plots. Synthetic pheromone-baited trap catches of male moths were reduced by 85–100%. Pheromone provided commercially acceptable control over two consecutive growing seasons at a commercial farm with a relatively low density G. molesta population. Pheromone did not provide commercially acceptable control at an experimental farm with a relatively high density G. molesta population. The incidence of capture of males in virgin female-baited traps, in synthetic pheromone-baited traps, and the incidence of damage to peach twigs by first- and second-generation G. molesta larvae could not be used to predict the incidence of damage to fruit at harvest. The results suggest that pheromone-mediated mating disruption may have potential as a method for controlling the Oriental fruit moth in orchards with relatively low density populations. Résumé L’efficacité de l’interruption de la copulation par application d’Isomate M phéromone comme mesure de lutte contre la Tordeuse orientale du pêcher [Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae)] a été évaluée de 1987 à 1990 dans la péninsule de Niagara, Ontario. L’efficacité de la phéromone a été évaluée par utilisation de pièges contenant des femelles vierges, de pièges garnis de phéromone synthétique et par examen des dommages causés par G. molesta sur des rameaux et des fruits. Dans les carrés échantillons traités à la phéromone, aucun mâle n’a été capturé dans les pièges contenant des femelles vierges et les pièges garnis de phéromone synthétique ont attiré 85–100% moins de mâles. La phéromone s’est donc avérée un moyen de lutte acceptable d’un point de vue commercial, pendant deux saisons consécutives de croissance, sur une ferme commerciale abritant une population de G. molesta de densité relativement faible. Cependant, la phéromone n’a pas eu une efficacité commercialement acceptable sur une ferme expérimentale où la population de G. molesta était relativement dense. Le nombre de captures de mâles dans les pièges contenant des femelles vierges ou dans les pièges garnis de phéromone synthétique et l’importance des dommages causés aux rameaux de pêchers par les larves de première et seconde générations de G. molesta n’ont pas permis de prédire l’importance des dommages aux fruits au moment de la récolte. Les résultats indiquent que l’interruption de la copulation par traitement à la phéromone a du potentiel comme agent de lutte contre la Tordeuse orientale du pêcher dans les vergers où les populations sont de densité relativement faible. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
Work Group Learning : Understanding, Improving and Assessing How Groups Learn in Organizations

Preface. Part 1. How Groups Learn and What They Learn. V.I. Sessa, M. London, Group Learning: An Introduction. S.W. J. Kozlowski, B.S. Bell, Team Learning, Development, and Adaptation. H. Arrow, J. Cook, Configuring and Reconfiguring Groups as Complex Learning Systems. R.S. Tindale, S. Stawiski, E. Jacobs, Shared Cognition and Group Learning. A.P.J. Ellis, C.O. L.H. Porter, S.A. Wolverton, Learning to Work Together: An Examination of Transactive Memory System Development in Teams. Part 2. Member, Group, and Organizational Factors Influencing Group Learning. K.A. Jehn, J. Rupert, Group Faultlines and Team Learning: How to Benefit from Different Perspectives. C.O. L.H. Porter, A Multilevel, Multiconceptualization Perspective of Goal Orientation in Teams. N. Zakaria, A. Amelinckx, D. Wilemon, Navigating Across Culture and Distance: Understanding Determinants of Global Virtual Team Performance. S.J. Zaccaro, K. Ely, M. Shuffler, The Leader's Role in Group Learning. Part 3. Learning Interventions. C.S. Burke, E. Salas, D. Diaz, The Role of Team Learning in Facilitating Team Adaptation Within Complex Environments: Tools and Strategies. E.A. J.A. Rouwette, J.A.M. Vennix, Team Learning on Messy Problems. D.P. Brandon, A.B. Hollingshead, Collaborative Knowledge and Training in Online Groups. J.A. Cannon-Bowers, C.A. Bowers, A. Sanchez, Using Synthetic Learning Environments to Train Teams. J. Silberstang, T. Diamante, Phased and Targeted Interventions: Improving Team Learning and Performance. Part 4. Assessment of Group Learning. K.C. Stagl, E. Salas, D.V. Day, Assessing Team Learning Outcomes: Improving Team Learning and Performance. T.L. Gessner, K.L. Langkamer, R.J. Klimoski, Research Designs for Assessing Group Learning.
2D Positioning of Ground Vehicles using Stereo Vision and a Single Ranging Link

In this work we propose a positioning method for ground vehicles in planar motion, based on sensor fusion of stereo cameras and sparse ranging measurements obtained from a wireless network. The proposed method is an alternative localization solution when Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is unavailable, with notably low requirements on infrastructures. It does not require a database of landmarks and it works in single-link scenarios, i.e., at most one station reachable at any time. In theory, to estimate two dimensional position without ambiguity, at least three ranging anchors are required. However, in GNSS-denied environments, it is often difficult to achieve simultaneous connectivity to three wireless stations. We propose to apply visual odometry technique to estimate relative motion of the vehicle using stereo cameras, and fuse the vision system with a single ranging link. The sensor fusion method can resolve absolute position unambiguously if the vehicle sequentially connects to two stations with known coordinates. Furthermore, the accuracy of the estimated trajectory is improved by fusing both ranging and visual measurements.
Antitussive activity of a rhamnogalacturonan isolated from the roots of Althaea officinalis L., var. robusta

Abstract Rhamnogalacturonan, one of the constituents of the mucilage isolated from the roots of marsh mallow, has been rested for antitussive activity on nonaesthetized cats of both sexes. The cough reflex was induced mechanically. It was found that rhamnogalacturonan reduced significantly the number of cough efforts and the intensity of attacks from the irritated laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial mucose membranes of the airways and promoted expectoration. The exhibited activity was found to be lower than that of the narcotic codeine, but higher than those of the comparative nonnarcotic drugs.
Estradiol‐17β associated with the sex reversal in protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli

The objectives of this study were to investigate the seasonal changes of steroid profiles, estradiol-17β (E2), testosterone (T), and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OH P), among female, male, and reversing female black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. The experimental induction of sex reversal in juvenile black porgy by exogenous E2 was also studied. Three-year-old male (n = 8) and four-year-old female (n = 7) black porgy were selected for the experiment of seasonal changes of steroid profiles. Blood samples were collected from each fish at 2 week intervals for 8 months. Plasma samples in three-year-old males were further classified to those of males (n = 4) and reversing females (n = 4) based on the sexual stage of the gonad at the end of the experiment. Plasma E2 profiles in males were significantly different from those in the reversing females. Peak levels of plasma E2 in the females and reversing females occurring during the early prespawning season were similar. Lower levels of plasma E2 were, however, observed in the males. Plasma T did not differ significantly in females, males or reversing females. Low and constant levels of plasma 17α-OH P were observed in each group of fish. In the experimental induction of sex reversal, oral administration of E2 (4 mg per kg of feed) for 5 months suppressed the spermiation and inhibited gonadal growth but successfully induced the precocious sex change at the prespawning stage in one-year-old black porgy. Ovarian tissue with primary oocytes was predominant in the gonads of E2-fed fishes. Our data suggest that high levels of plasma E2 in the prespawning and spawning season are likely correlated with the natural sex reversal of black porgy. E2 likely plays an important role in sex reversal of protandrous black porgy. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nonlinear dynamics of mode competition in annular flows

El proces de transicio a fluxos turbulents o caotics en fenomens naturals continua essent un problem cientific de gran magnitud. A cause de la complexitat i quantitat de factors que intervenen en aquestes transicions, sovint s'han considerat fluxos en configuracions mes simples, pero que contenen els mecanismes fisics essencials i poden ser reproduits de forma controlada en experiments de laboratori. Un d'aquests fluxos consisteix en fluid en rotacio contingut en l'espai anular definit per dos cilindres coaxials, conegut amb el nom de Taylor-Couette. Aquest ha servit com a exemple canonic d'inestabilitat centrifuga en fluids i ha esdevingut un paradigma en l'estudi de la transicio a dinamica complexa seguint una sequencia de bifurcacions. L'objectiu perseguit en aquesta tesi ha estat fornir una explicacio teorica per a la transicio a dinamica complexa observada en diversos experiments de laboratori en configuracions anulars. Per assolir aquesta fita, s'han utilitzat calculs de gran precisio de les equacions de Navier-Stokes i els resultats obtinguts s'han analitzat amb eines avancades de teoria de bifurcacions i simetria. Aquestes eines no nomes permeten entendre l'escenari de transicio, sino que estableixen les bases per comparar-la amb altres fluxos en els quals els mecanismes d'inestabilitat i la geometria son diferents. A llarg de la tesi s'han considerat diverses variacions de la configuracio basica del flux de Taylor-Couette. Primerament, s'investiga la competencia entre els mecanismes centrifugs i de cisalla que es produeix quan s'imposa un gradient de pressio en direccio axial. Aquesta competencia resulta en l'aparacio de dues estrectures espirals de sentit de propagacio oposat que s'entrecreuen. A continuacio, s'estudia l'efecte de modular temporalment la cisalla introduida movent el cilindre en direccio axial mentre rota a velocitat angular constant. Aquestes modulacions controlen l'aparicio de l'inestabilitat centrifuga, pero quan aquesta es produeix, els efectes son catastrofics. En aquest sentit, s'explica la transicio sobtada que s'observa al laboratori com a sequencia de bifurcacions. Aquestes ocorren en varaiacions tant petites dels parametres que no poden ser controlades experimentalment. Finalment s'investiga la modulacio temporal de la rotacio del cilindre interior sense imposar mecanismes de cisalla addicionals. Aquesta modulacio introdueix una nova simetria espacio-temporal en el sistema que es manifesta en dos fluxos secondaris amb simetries semblants. La competencia entre ambdos fluxos s'estudia en tot detall i es compara amb experiments. No obstant, els resultats numerics estan en desacord amb els experiments en la regio de frequencia de les modulacions on ambdos fluxos poden ser obtinguts depenent de les condicions inicials. Aquests efectes seran investigats en el futur amb una metodologia numerica diferent que permeti modelitzar mes acuradament les condicions de frontera.
Exploring Community Smells in Open-Source: An Automated Approach

Software engineering is now more than ever a community effort. Its success often weighs on balancing distance, culture, global engineering practices and more. In this scenario many unforeseen socio-technical events may result into additional project cost or “social” debt, e.g., sudden, collective employee turnover. With industrial research we discovered community smells, that is, sub-optimal patterns across the organisational and social structure in a software development community that are precursors of such nasty socio-technical events. To understand the impact of community smells at large, in this paper we first introduce CodeFace4Smells, an automated approach able to identify four community smell types that reflect socio-technical issues that have been shown to be detrimental both the software engineering and organisational research fields. Then, we perform a large-scale empirical study involving over 100 years worth of releases and communication structures data of 60 open-source communities: we evaluate (i) their diffuseness, i.e., how much are they distributed in open-source, (ii) how developers perceive them, to understand whether practitioners recognize their presence and their negative effects in practice, and (iii) how community smells relate to existing socio-technical factors, with the aim of assessing the inter-relations between them. The key findings of our study highlight that community smells are highly diffused in open-source and are perceived by developers as relevant problems for the evolution of software communities. Moreover, a number of state-of-the-art socio-technical indicators (e.g., socio-technical congruence) can be used to monitor how healthy a community is and possibly avoid the emergence of social debt.
A Geometric-Stochastic Integrated Channel Model for Hypersonic Vehicle: A Physical Perspective

During hypersonic flight, the communication link is affected by the multipath effect and plasma sheath. As a result, envelopes and phases of the wireless signals fluctuate with time. In this paper, an integrated channel model is proposed based on geometric propagation theory. The statistical characteristics of the plasma sheath channel are carefully studied. The probability density functions, the correlation coefficient between envelope and phase, the autocorrelation function, the level-crossing rate, and the average fade duration are derived and detailed based on electromagnetic propagation theory. Two numerical examples are also used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. All statistical curves agree with the theoretical curves. The proposed model comprehensively considers the multipath effect, the Doppler effect, and the plasma sheath effect. It is crucial to plausibly understand the blackout problem to facilitate performance evaluations of hypersonic vehicle communication systems.
Adiponectin multimers in patients with Barrett’s Oesophagus

Barrett’s oesophagus is associated with abdominal obesity. Adiponectin is a peptide that is secreted from adipocytes and circulates in three multimeric forms: low molecular weight (LMW), middle molecular weight (MMW), and high molecular weight (HMW). The anti- inflammatory effects of adiponectin are specific to individual multimers, with the LMW being most anti-inflammatory. We investigated the possibility that circulating levels of adiponectin and its multimers would be associated with the risk of Barrett’s oesophagus. Subjects and methods This study comprised patients diagnosed to have Barrett’s oesophagus, and control subjects diagnosed to have gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GORD), all were diagnosed in the gastroenterology and endoscopy unit, King Fahd hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Plasma adiponectin levels and its multimers were evaluated for patients with Barrett’s oesophagus and controls with GORD. Results There were 120 cases of Barrett’s oesophagus and 250 GORD controls. Total adiponectin was not significantly associated with Barrett’s oesophagus; low levels of LMW adiponectin and low LMW/total ratio were significantly present in patients with Barrett’s oesophagus. Conclusion Low levels of LMW adiponectin are significantly associated with Barrett’s oesophagus.
Indirect ELISA for the detection of IgG specific to Newcastle disease virus in quail serum

An indirect ELISA for the detection of japanese quail IgG specific to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was developed. The secondary anti-quail IgG was produced in Balb/c mice, by inoculating Freund's complete adjuvant emulsified japanese quail-IgG extract. The purification of IgG was achieved using the caprilic acid method. The ELISA was compared to the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for antibodies to NDV. ELISA cut-off point was established through TG-ROC analysis. Total correlation was observed between the ELISA and the HI, being the ELISA efficient in the identification of positive and negative sera, with high sensitivity and specificity (100%). These results validate the use of the indirect ELISA as an alternative for the detection of NDV-specific IgG in japanese quail sera, with the advantage of high sensitivity and automation.
The effect of cis-jasmone, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate on accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

Effects of various jasmonates (methyl jasmonate, jasmonic acid, cis-jasmone) on anthocyanins and procyanidins content of, as well as on growth of common buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seedlings were studied. The studied jasmonates were applied as solutions or vapors on four days seedlings, and the seedlings were grown during the next four days in day/night conditions (16/8 h). Afterwards anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins content, as well as elongation of primary roots and hypocotyls were measured. When applied as solutions cis-jasmone (JAS) stimulated the anthocyanins accumulation, but when used as vapors had tendency to decrease its accumulation in buckwheat hypocotyls. Jasmonic acid (JA) solutions slightly stimulated or had no effect on biosynthesis of anthocyanins in buckwheat hypocotyls, but used as vapors caused a decline of anthocyanins in buckwheat hypocotyls. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) clearly inhibited biosynthesis of anthocyanins in hypocotyls of buckwheat seedlings. The studied jasmonates had no influence on anthocyanins level in cotyledons of buckwheat seedlings, except cis-jasmone, which at the lowest solution concentration slightly enhanced biosynthesis of the pigments. Treatment of buckwheat seedlings with solutions of all jasmonates (10 -8 M, 10 -6 M and 10 -4 M) had no influence on the growth of buckwheat hypocotyls. Contrary to that observation vapors of the growth regulators in concentrations 10 -4 M, had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of hypocotyls of buckwheat seedlings. Solutions of JA and MJ, as well as vapors of JA, MJ and JAS strongly inhibited the primary root growth of buckwheat seedlings, while JAS applied as solution had no such influence. MJ and JA caused much higher stimulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in buckwheat hypocotyls than JAS.
Apparent coordination of the biosynthesis of lipids in cultured cells: its relationship to the regulation of the membrane sterol:phospholipid ratio and cell cycling

The coordination of the syntheses of the several cellular lipid classes with one another and with cell cycle control were investigated in proliferating L6 myoblasts and fibroblasts (WI-38 and CEF). Cells cultured in lipid-depleted medium containing one of two inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, 25-hydroxycholesterol or compactin, display a rapid, dose-dependent inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. Inhibition of the syntheses of each of the other lipid classes is first apparent after the rate of sterol synthesis is depressed severalfold. 24 h after the addition of the inhibitor, the syntheses of DNA, RNA, and protein also decline. The inhibition of sterol synthesis leads to a threefold reduction in the sterol:phospholipid ratio that parallels the development of proliferative and G1 cell cycle arrests and alterations in cellular morphology. All of these responses are reversed upon reinitiation of cholesterol synthesis or addition of exogenous cholesterol. A comparison of the timing of these responses with respect to the development of the G1 arrest indicates that the primary factor limiting cell cycling is the availability of cholesterol provided either from an exogenous source or by de novo synthesis. The G1 arrest appears to be responsible for the general inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in proliferating cells treated with 25-hydroxycholesterol. In contrast, the apparent coordinated inhibition of lipid synthesis is not a consequence of the G1 arrest but may in fact give rise to it. Sequential inhibition of lipid syntheses is also observed in cycling cells when the synthesis of choline-containing lipids is blocked by choline deprivation and is observed in association with G1 arrests caused by confluence or differentiation. In the nonproliferating cells, the syntheses of lipid and protein do not appear coupled.
Comparison of leaf construction costs in woody species with differing leaf life-spans in contrasting ecosystems.

• The construction costs (CC) are reported of leaves from 162 wild woody species from 14 contrasting environments (desert to rain forest) and with different leaf life-spans. • Calorimetric methods were used to estimate the CC of deciduous, semideciduous and evergreen leaves. • Leaf CC showed a wide range (78%) between species, and deciduous species showed a slightly lower CC (6%) than both semideciduous and evergreen species. Mean leaf CC differed between ecosystems, with the highest and lowest CC in the tundra and rain forest, respectively. Leaf CC was positively correlated with lipid concentration. Leaf size (log) and specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per leaf dry mass) were negatively correlated with leaf CC. Leaf CC did not show differences between different leaf life-spans or ecosystems when leaf size (log) or SLA were included as covariates. • The small differences in leaf CC among leaf life-span types and ecosystems (6% and 23%, respectively) suggest that SLA is more important in determining differences in the carbon balance between species than leaf CC. Leaf size is shown to be an important trait associated with other leaf characteristics. ABBREVIATIONS: A, ash concentration; CC, construction cost per unit dry mass; CCA , construction cost per unit area; Eg, growth efficiency; Hc, ash free heat of combustion; N, nitrogen; SLA, specific leaf area.
A hybrid algorithm for dental artifact detection in large computed tomography datasets

Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most common medical imaging modalities and the main technology used in radiomics research, the computational voxel-level analysis of medical images. Analysis of CT images is vulnerable to the effects of dental artifacts (DA) caused by metal implants or fillings. Running automated analysis pipelines with uncurated datasets can reduce performance and hamper future reproducibility on new datasets. This work introduces a new tool to detect the location and magnitude of DAs in CT images based on a combination of deep learning and conventional image processing algorithms. We show the utility of this new DA detector through an analysis of the correlations between radiomic features and the location of DAs in 2,319 CT axial volumes. We were able to predict the correct DA magnitude (no, weak or strong artifacts) yielding a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.73 (p-value=0.0002), achieving the same level of agreement as human labellers. The algorithm was able to identify the location of the DAs in the CT volumes with performance on par with human labellers. Finally, our analysis of radiomic features showed that only when strong DAs were present, the proximity of the tumour to the mouth was highly correlated with specific radiomic features. Our results suggest that removing these features, or removing CT slices containing the DAs, could reduce these unwanted correlations.