Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What makes a house a home: Examining the relationship between growth and predation risk in a coastal elasmobranch, the lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris)

Many shark species are known to use nursery grounds, though few use coastal habitats in the same manner as juvenile lemon sharks. Lemon sharks pup in shallow, coastal areas and although the reasons for this behaviour are unknown, the two most likely explanations are access to food and avoidance of predators. This thesis aimed to examine these ideas by testing the hypotheses that a) sites with high resource availability will yield high juvenile lemon shark abundance and b) an increase in predation risk will result in decreased juvenile lemon shark abundance and increased individual growth rates. Seine nets were set to capture juvenile lemon sharks and their fish prey. Drum lines were used to measure predator abundance outside of each of the nine study inlets, while ARCGIS mapping software was used to assess site-specific refuge availability across the entire tidal cycle. Juvenile lemon shark abundances correlated strongly with mojarra (Gerres spp.), their preferred food item. Lemon sharks also showed a weak, but non-significant positive relationship with refuge availability, but not with predator abundance. Individuals in areas with high predator presence however, showed increased growth rates. Our data suggest that juvenile lemon shark populations exhibit frequency-dependent habitat selection with respect to prey availability. Moreover, the results indicate that of the variables studied, food availability primarily determined habitat quality in nursery grounds, with a less important role for predation pressure. If lemon shark populations are constrained by juvenile recruitment, appropriate management of their coastal nursery areas offer a powerful conservation tool.
Evaluating Promoter Sequences for Trapping an Enhancer Activity in the Silkworm Bombyx mori

To investigate the effect of a promoter sequence for detecting enhancer activity in the silkworm Bombyx mori , we constructed six different GAL4 vectors under the control of different minimum promoters. In addition, a homozygous UASGFP strain was constructed and used to test expression of the GAL4 gene. Green ﬂuorescent pro- tein (GFP) expression was compared in the transgenic strains with the different GAL4 gene inserts. The most prominent difference in the expression pattern in the different strains was observed when the Bombyx cytoplas- mic actin gene ( BmA3 ) promoter was used. We concluded that using the GAL4 gene with the BmA3 promoter would be the most useful way for detecting the positional effect of genes inserted in the silkworm.
Transgenic Tobacco Plants Expressing a Mutant VU-4 Calmodulin Have Altered Nicotinamide Co-Enzyme Levels and Hydrogen Peroxide Levels

In order to understand the biological role of calmodulin in plants, transgenic tobacco plants expressing a calmodulin mutant (VU-4 calmodulin, lys to ile-115) gene have been analyzed. SDS-PAGE and Western-blot analyses showed that the foreign calmodulin mutant is stably and highly expressed in the transgenic tobacco plants. The levels of were elevated approximately 2-fold in the transgenic plants. Furthermore, the transgenic tobacco plants have more than 6-fold higher levels of NADPH compared to control tobacco plants. The present findings, combined with previous data showing differences in the susceptibility of the transgenic tobacco seeds and normal tobacco seeds to fungal contamination (Oh and Yang, 1996), suggest that the expression of the calmodulin derivative gene in tobacco plants could increase resistance to infection by fungal pathogens.
Crecimiento radial de las principales especies arbóreas de la isla de Cortegada (Parque Nacional de las Islas Atlánticas) en relación con la historia y el clima

Se realizo un estudio de los patrones de crecimiento radial de Quercus robur L. , Quercus pyrenaica Willd. , Pinus pinaster Ait. , Pinus pinea L. y Laurus nobilis L. , especies dominantes en la isla de Cortegada, perteneciente al Parque Nacional de las Islas Atlanticas de Galicia. El objetivo principal fue determinar la repercusion que han tenido sobre el crecimiento los cambios de uso del terreno ocurridos en el ultimo siglo en la isla. Tambien se estudio la influencia de algunas variables climaticas (temperatura media mensual y precipitacion mensual) sobre las variaciones de alta frecuencia del crecimiento radial. Los resultados indican que las cronologias derivadas de todas las especies estudiadas reflejan la sucesion de acontecimientos acaecidos en la isla en el s. XX, con un gradual establecimiento del arbolado a lo largo de la primera mitad del siglo, un progresivo cierre del dosel y la reciente apertura de huecos en el mismo debido a perturbaciones. Las correlaciones obtenidas entre los parametros climaticos y las variaciones interanuales del crecimiento manifiestan la mayor tolerancia de las especies Q. pyrenaica y P. pinea a la escasez de agua en los meses de primavera y verano.
LESS IS MORE: THE IMPLICATIONS OF GENOMIC MINIMALISM ON THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE PARASITE GIARDIA LAMBLIA

The relatively small number of transcription factors and simplified promoters in the highlydivergent parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia suggests that chromatin modification and/or posttranscriptional regulation may play an unusually important role in the regulation of gene expression. Yet despite recent advances in understanding the role of histone modifications, little effort has been spent studying DNA methylation in the parasite. We present evidence, using an anti-5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody, that Giardia lamblia does methylate its DNA in both trophozoite and cyst stages, albeit at strikingly low levels. We further show, using the methylation inhibitor 5’-aza-2’-deoxycytidine, that DNA methylation is essential for parasite growth.
Platform for Citizen Engagement for Good Governance in India

Citizens are important stakeholders and play a critical role in advocating and enabling public institutions to become more transparent, accountable, and effective and suggest innovative solutions to complex development challenges. Citizen engagement is at the core of good governance. Mygov.in is a platform to engage citizens and get their input and suggestions for various government policies and plans in India. MyGov platform provides an opportunity to citizens across the world to engage directly with the government departments, policymakers, and implementers. MyGov is planned as the key platform for all citizen engagement needs of the country across various departments and ministries. The presence of such a digital platform in a democratic country reflects willingness on part of the government to share information and make citizens a partner in decision making. This chapter elaborates on the need, discusses the MyGov initiative, compares it to other such initiatives globally and highlights major issues and concerns in the citizen engagement process.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LIPID EXTRACTED FROM GAMMA RADIATED MYCELIA OF GANODERMA RESINACEUM

Effect of gamma radiation on dry weight and total lipid production from Ganoderma resinaceum was studied. It was found that dry weight and total lipid of G. resinaceum increased with increasing dose rate until reaching 85 Gy; these were amounted to 1.1 mg.100ml-1 and 165mg.g-1 dry weight respectively. The lipid extracted from Ganoderma resinaceum before and after irradiation was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrum (GC-MS). It was found that the lipid extracted from radiated by 85 Gy fungal mycelia had high percentages of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids which were more than the lipid extrated from none irradiated fungal mycelia. In the meatime lipid extracted from irradiated fungal mycelia was more effective against Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans and Staphylloccus aureus than lipid extracted from non irradiated fungal mycelia.
Public Managers in the Face of Big Data: Panic or Panacea?

There is no doubt that we have arrived in the era of big data, or as Peter Sondergaard from Gartner would say: “Information is the oil of the 21st century, and analytics is the combustion engine. ” By nature, governments are a particularly mighty ‘oil producer’, given that they are often among the largest creators and gatherers of data in many countries. But what about their combustion engine? Do they actively harness and analyze the collected data to improve their governance and operations?
The influence of dietary protein and fibre on bile-pancreatic secretion in sheep

Two experiments, each on 6 sheep of about 40 kg liveweight, fitted with a catheter in the common bile duct and a T-piece cannula in the duodenum, were conducted to assess the influence of fibre (Experiment 1) and protein (Experiment 2) in the diet on exocrine pancreatic and bile secretion. Three isonitrogenous diets made of meadow hay and concentrate containing 134 (LF), 200 (MF) or 313 (HF) g/kg crude fibre (Experiment 1) and three diets containing similar levels of fibre and 130 (LP), 170 (MP) and 200 (HP) g/kg crude protein (Experiment 2) were fed. Mean volumes of bilepancreatic juice and total nitrogen content were not affected by the level of fibre and amounted to 1294 ml and 3.11 g/24 h, respectively. Mean volumes of secretions were higher (PO.01) on the HP than on the LP and MP diets. Total nitrogen was higher (PO.05) on HP (3.35 g/24 h) than on LP and MP (2.66 g/24 h). Total activity (U/24 h) of trypsin and chymotrypsin were not affected by the fibre level in the diet. Total activity of trypsin on the LP, MP, and HP diets was similar but chymotrypsin activity was greater (PO.01) on the HP than on the LP and MP diets. The amino acid composition of bile-pancreatic secretions was not affected by the diet composition.
Predictive factors for intraoperative excessive bleeding in Grave’s disease

Background: Grave’s disease frequently results in and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It also often results in an enlarged thyroid. It also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. This study evaluates all the factors that cause intra-operative blood loss and how it affects the grave’s disease.Methods: This study was conducted on 100 patients with Grave’s disease, who underwent thyroidectomy during the period from May 2010 to April 2016.Results: The majority of patients were females which constitute about 76.3% with a median age of 33 years. The median period between the onset of the disease and operation was 15 months. Weight of thyroid in grams was 40. Post-operative hospital stay was 3 days. Univariate analysis revealed that the strongest correlation of amount of intraoperative blood loss (AIOBL) was noted with the weight of thyroid (p<0.001). Additionally, AIOBL was correlated positively with the period be- tween disease onset and surgery (p<0.001) and negatively with preoperative free T4 (p<0.01). Occurrences of postoperative complications, such as recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy or hypoparathyroidism, and postoperative hospital stay were not correlated with AIOBL.Conclusions: For Grave’s disease, for excessive bleeding during surgery, a large goiter presented as a predictive factor, and transfusion of blood should be considered in cases in which goiter weighs more than 200 g.
Organersatzverfahren: Update Nierenersatztherapie

Zusammenfassung Die steigende Inzidenz der schweren akuten Nierenschädigung in Verbindung mit weiterhin hohen Mortalitätsraten stellt die intensivmedizinische Versorgung vor eine wachsende Herausforderung. Nierenersatzverfahren sind die wichtigste Therapiemaßnahme und kommen gleichermaßen zunehmend zum Einsatz – ungeachtet dessen werden wesentliche Aspekte ihrer Umsetzung infolge einer eingeschränkten Evidenzlage kontrovers diskutiert.
SOCIAL LOAFING DAN PERAN GENDER PADA MAHASISWA

Abstract. This study aims to determine the difference between androgynous and indistinguishable gender roles to social loafing on the students of faculty of Psychology at UNM. This study uses the comparative method to determine the role of androgyny and indistinguishable gender role to social loafing, with a total sample 54 subjects. The population of this study were students of Psychology UNM faculty. Data collected by the scale of social loafing and traditional gender roles. The data collected was analyzed using One Way ANOVA statistical analysis. The results showed that there were the differences in gender roles androgyny and indistinguishable to social loafing, where individuals who develop gender roles indistinguishable characteristics will tend to experience social loafing problems, compared with individuals who develop the characteristic androgynous gender roles. Keywords : Social loafing, androgynous gender roles, indistinguishable gender roles Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara peran gender androgini dan tak terbedakan terhadap social loafing pada mahasiswa fakultas Psikologi UNM. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparatif yang digunakan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peranan peran gender androgini dan tak terbedakan terhadap social loafing, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 54 subjek. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa fakultas Psikologi UNM. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengggunakan skala social loafing dan peran gender. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik One Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa terdapat perbedaan peran gender androgini dan tidak terbedakan terhadap social loafing, dimana individu yang mengembangkan karakteristik peran gender tak terbedakan akan cenderung mengalami masalah social loafing, dibandingkan dengan individu yang mengembangkan karakteristik peran gender androgini. Kata Kunci : Social loafing, peran gender androgini, peran gender tak terbedakan
Analysis of Approaches for Modeling the Low Frequency Emission of LED Lamps

Light emitting diode (LED) lamps are now an established lighting technology, which is becoming prevalent in all load sectors. However, LED lamps are non-linear electrical loads, and their impact on distribution system voltage quality must be evaluated. This paper provides a detailed analysis of time domain and frequency domain approaches for developing and evaluating models suitable for use in large scale steady-state harmonic power flow analysis of the low frequency (LF) emission of LED lamps. The considered approaches are illustrated using four general categories of LED lamps, which have been shown to cover the vast majority of LED lamps currently available on the market. The aim is an in-depth assessment of the ability of commonly applied models to represent the specific design characteristics of different categories of LED lamps. The accuracy of the models is quantitatively evaluated by means of laboratory tests, numerical simulations, and statistical analyses. This provides an example, for each LED lamp category, of comprehensive information about the overall accuracy that can be achieved in the general framework of large scale LF harmonic penetration studies, particularly in the assessment of voltage quality in low voltage networks and their future evolution.
Structure and upstream region analysis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene in rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Chinese long)

Abstract Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first and main regulatory enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway which synthesise Salicylic Acid (SA) from chorismate in plants. The SA considered a key signal in plant-biotrophic pathogen interactions. In the present study, seven PAL genes in rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) and 10 in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Chinese long) were analysed. Based on the results, cis-regulatory elements in response to SA were distributed in the upstream region of genes significantly. CpG islands observed in the upstream region of rice genes, whereas tandem repeats were observed in the upstream region of both plants. Also, structure of genes such as intron length was considered. Results of the structure and upstream region analysis of PAL genes were correlated with the result of in silico analysis of gene expression. This study provides information about the characteristics of PAL genes and their functions, especially in plant-biotrophic pathogen interaction.
The Function of Themis2 in B Cells

Thymocyte-expressed molecule involved in selection 2 (Themis2) is the second member of the Themis family. Recently, the first member of the Themis family, Themis, has been reported to be part of the TCR signalling cascade and its deletion severely affects thymocyte progression from the double positive to the single positive stage. All family members share similar domains and high sequence similarity and show tissue specific expression with Themis2 being expressed in B lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. THEMIS2 associates with BCR signalling molecules such as GRB2, VAV or LYN and is phosphorylated in response to BCR stimulation. For these reasons I hypothesised that Themis2 might have an important role in B cell development or activation. I show that Themis2 is expressed throughout the B cell lineage and exclude redundant expression of other Themis family members. After B cell activation Themis2 expression is downregulated. Analysis of a newly created Themis2-deficient mouse strain showed that B cell development proceeds normally in the absence of THEMIS2. Experiments on in vitro cultured Themis2-deficient primary B cells demonstrated that proliferation and survival, BCR internalisation and antigen presentation as well as expression of activation markers and cytokines were unaffected. RNA sequencing revealed only minor changes in transcription in follicular B cells, even after activation. Similarly, antibody levels to in vivo immunisation with T-dependent or T-independent antigens or challenge with influenza virus did not suggest that Themis2 is required for antibody responses either. Reactions to a model of acute allergic airway inflammation showed only marginally reduced cell numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid yet all other markers of inflammation were all normal. In conclusion, I found that Themis2 is not required for B cell development, activation or antibody responses. Further studies will be required to define the role of Themis2 in the immune system.
The surface complex of Euglena gracilis. Involvement in cellular movements and biochemical and molecular analyses of the components

The flagellate Euglena gracilis shows rhythms in phototaxis and cell shape changes between oblong and round. Artificial UV-B radiation of 0.5 W m-2 caused a loss in phototaxis, but the peak of activity occurred at the same time as for control cells. The transition from round to oblong cell shape was slower after UV-B radiation, but the amplitude between the roundest and the most oblong cell shape was unchanged. Nitrogen deficiency caused a total loss of phototaxis and the cells remained round all the time. The cells lost all their chlorophyll and were, therefore, photosynthetically inactive. Isolated plasma membranes were used to characterize the rhythms of some plasma membrane-bound enzymes. We wanted to see whether stress-induced changes of rhythms could be detected also at the molecular level. The plasma membranes were isolated using aqueous polymer two-phase partitioning. Three plasma membrane-located enzyme activities were analysed: Mg2+-dependent ATPase, 5´-nucleotidase and adenylyl cyclase. The specific activities of all three enzymes were decreased by UV-B radiation. Nitrogen deficiency reduced the activity of the Mg2+-dependent ATPase but increased the activities of the 5’-nucleotidase and adenylyl cyclase. All three enzymes showed diurnal rhythms that were affected by UV-B radiation. The rhythm of ATPase activity could be correlated with that of photosynthesis in both control and UV-B radiated cultures. Also, the rhythms of adenylyl cyclase activity and cell shape changes showed some similarities. An anti–amoeba actin antibody recognized a 47 kDa protein in isolated plasma membranes. Washing with 150 mM NaOH released both the 47 kDa polypeptide and b-tubulin from the membrane. Thus, both the 47 kDa polypeptide and b-tubulin have a peripheral association with the membrane, perhaps as part of a larger protein complex such as that of the cytoskeleton. DNase I activity was inhibited by the protein fraction that was released by NaOH, in which the 47 kDa polypeptide was enriched. The partial sequence of the actin gene was determined by reverse transcriptase-PCR of Euglena gracilis mRNA. A single PCR product was obtained and we were able to obtain 963 bases of unique sequence. Sequence comparison showed a homology with other actins of 69% to 80%. The construction of a phylogenetic tree based on actin sequences from different organisms placed Euglena gracilis in a cluster with Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major. (Less)
Sustainability assessment in the food supply chain: study of a certified product in Italy

Abstract The assessment of sustainability practices in the supply chain involves not only defining the measures or indicators, but also implementing, using and updating them according to driving elements that motivate companies to opt for sustainability. The aims in this study are to investigate if, how and why firms in different stages of the food supply chain assess their sustainability, and the alignment of the supply chain sustainability (SCS) assessment with the SCS practices and drivers. This paper studies the case of Grana Padano cheese, one of the major Italian PDO (protected designation of origin) products. The case comprises eight companies in the main three supply chain stages; plus, the Consortium that manages the PDO label. The Grana Padano supply chain opts mainly for a loose-coupled approach in their SCS performance management. The study contributes to the SCS literature by providing a typology of assessment approaches, in terms of alignment among drivers, practices and measures, and provides insights for understanding the reasons why companies adopt a certain approach.