Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis of Graphite Oxide as Metal free Catalyst for Petrochemicals Production

Graphite oxide was synthesized by the modified Hummer’s method. The degree of the oxidation of the graphite was systematically controlled via the oxidation time, KMnO 4 : Graphite wt. ratio and the addition of the phosphoric acid to the oxidation media. The Physicochemical properties of the synthesized graphite oxide are investigated by using different techniques ; XRD, FTIR, zeta potential, and TEM. It was found that the structure of the expanded graphite can be easily and remarkably disordered by oxidation. Three phases of interlayer distances were identified at 3.4 , 4 and 6A⁰ , specified for the pristine graphite, intermediate and the fully expanded graphite oxide respectively These phases were cooresponding to the compositions : epoxide, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups respectively . as confirmed by FTIR. The catalytic activity of the prepared graphite oxide samples was tested for petrochemical production from the ethanol conversion reaction at different reaction temperature 100-250 o C and resulted pressure ranging 40-92 atm . The converted products were mainly composed of acetone, ethylene, acetaldehyde, diethylether, and heavyhydrocarbons( >c). Acetone was found to be the main product at all reaction temperatures with selectivity ‘‘53-94%’’. XRD and TEM analyses of the prepared samples confirmed the transformation of the prepared graphite oxide into graphene like material at reaction temperature 250 o C.
Plasma Volume and Albumin mRNA Expression in Exercise Trained Rats

PLASMA VOLUME AND ALBUMIN mRNA EXPRESSION IN EXERCISE TRAINED RATS Nathan A. Bexfield Department of Exercise Sciences Master of Science IntroductionExercise-induced plasma volume (PV) expansion is typically associated with an increase in plasma albumin content. Increased hepatic albumin synthesis, a transcriptionally regulated process, is thought to contribute to the increase in albumin content. ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that exercise training induces an increase in albumin gene expression in relationship to the increase in PV. Methods and Results40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 245-350 grams were randomly assigned to one of four groups: cage control (CC); sham exercise 10 min/day at 48% VO2max (NE); continuous exercise training, 60 min /day at 72% VO2max (LI); and high intensity, intermittent exercise training, 8 bouts of 4 min at 98% VO2max followed by 5 min at 48% VO2max (HI). The training period lasted for two weeks with 12 training sessions with equalized training volumes in the exercise groups. 24 hours after the last training session the rats were anesthetized and a jugular catheter was placed for collecting blood samples during PV determination by a dilution of a labeled-albumin molecule (Texas Red albumin). The liver and red quadriceps (RQ) muscle tissue was then removed, flash frozen, and stored for later analysis. The training protocol produced a significant increase in RQ citrate synthase activity (p < 0.05). PV increased in proportion to the exercise intensity (p < 0.05) averaging 23.6 ± 2.7 ml•kg body weight in the CC group and 26.6 ± 1.3 ml•kg body weight in the HI group. Albumin mRNA expression determined by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) increased 2.2 ± 0.1 and 2.9 ± 0.2 fold following LI and HI exercise training, respectively. ConclusionThese data support the hypothesis that, during exercise-induced PV expansion, albumin gene expression is increased and contributes to an increase in plasma albumin content and PV.
Whey As A Potential Functional Food-Properties, Processing And Future Perspective

Whey originates from cheese or casein production and can be defined as a yellowish-greenish liquid that remains after casein coagulation by enzymes and/or acids [1]. Milk production and processing is increasing continuously, with cheese making being the most abundant dairy product. Consequently, there are growing amounts of the produced whey [2]. Depending on the type of casein coagulation, whey can be acid or sweet. On average whey contains approximately 93% of water and 6-7% solids. Besides the differences in acidity, the proportions of certain constituents such as calcium or the present whey protein fractions are also distinct. Nevertheless, lactose is the main constituent of the whey dry matter (70%) and recovers almost entirely from the used milk. Whey proteins, minerals, milk fat and minor components like water soluble vitamins are present in moderate to low amounts [1,3].
Comparison of PathFile and ProFinder Systems to Create a Glide Path in Curved Root Canals

Objective: Root canal shaping is as important as irrigation and filling when attempting to obtain a high success rate in endodontic treatment. The creation of a glide path before the use of rotary instruments reduces the risk of posterior iatrogenic errors. The objective of the present study was to evaluate instrumentation time and root canal transport after using 2 different glide path rotary systems. Methods: In total, 60 mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular molars, with curvature angles between 11° and 82°, were standardized to measure 15 mm. The specimens were divided into 2 groups, depending on their angles of curvature (11º–38º and 39º–82º), and further divided into 4 groups (n=15). Two groups were instrumented using the PathFile system and the other 2 using the ProFinder system. The angle and radius of curvature were measured at the most abrupt angle of curvature before and after instrumentation. Both measurements were analyzed and compared using AutoCAD software to determine canal transportation. Curvature angles were compared using Student’s t test and the radii of curvature using the Wilcoxon test. The time for instrumentation was also evaluated using Student’s t tests. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two systems with respect to root canal transport (P>0.05); however, the ProFinder system took a longer time to create a glide path (P=0.004). Conclusion: Both systems were equally effective in creating a glide path; however, the PathFile system proved to be faster than the ProFinder system.
An MBoC Favorite: Fibronectin/integrin interaction induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a 120-kDa protein

We describe a 120-kDa protein (pp120) that is phosphorylated on tyrosine in cells attached to fibronectin-coated surfaces. The protein appears to be located in focal contacts where it codistributes with beta 1 integrins. pp120 is distinct from the beta 1 subunit of integrins and from vinculin and alpha-actinin. pp120 is rapidly dephosphorylated in cells suspended by trypsinization but becomes rapidly phosphorylated in cells attaching and spreading on fibronectin. Attachment of cells to RGD-containing peptides, polylysine, or concanavalin A is not sufficient to induce phosphorylation of pp120. The 120-kDa cell-binding domain of fibronectin can induce some phosphorylation of pp120, but further phosphorylation occurs in the presence also of the heparin-binding domain of fibronectin. Phosphorylation of pp120 precedes, but is correlated with, subsequent cell spreading. Phosphorylation of pp120 can also be triggered by attachment of cells to anti-integrin antibodies, and this requires the cytoplasmic domain of the integrin beta 1 subunit. Thus interaction of beta 1 integrins with extracellular ligands (fibronectin or antibodies) triggers phosphorylation of an intracellular 120-kDa protein, pp120, that may be involved in the responses of cells to attachment.
Determinant of Performance Efficiency in Non-Profit Organizations: Evidence from Nigerian Federal Universities

This study measured the performance efficiency of Nigerian non-profit making organizations with emphasis on federal universities and showed how some factors such as university funding, university assessment and ranking, university size, university technology status and university age are related to the performance efficiency of Nigerian federal universities. Data were collected from the National Universities Commission. Seventeen (17) federal universities out of a total of thirty-seven (37) were used in this study and there were selected based on their similarity of operations. The time frame for the study was 2006 – 2010. Regression results showed that funding, assessment and ranking, size and technology application were statistically but not significant in affecting the performance efficiency of non-profit making organizations in Nigeria. But, age was statistically significant in impacting the performance of federal universities in Nigeria. Finally, the study recommended that there is need for increased funding and monitoring of utilization of funds in federal universities, improved technology applications and infrastructural development in large and older universities in Nigeria, so as to improve their performance efficiency Keywords: Non-profit organizations; Efficiency;Federal Universities
Predicting community persistence based on different methods of species ranking.

Different species in a community can be ranked according to the strength of their effect on the dynamics of the entire community. Despite a considerable research effort on community structure and the “keystone” species concept, there are still unresolved issues in this area. This work addresses the suitability of different methods of characterising community members, either by relative abundance, or different measures of competitive ability. Multi-species competitive communities were simulated to allow comparison of methods that rank community members by either their abundance or competitive ability. Results indicate that characterising species according to their relative density, rather than competitive ability, provides a more refined measure of the importance of each community member. The analysis is extended by assessing which species are most likely to be involved with cascading extinction events, showing that the species with the lowest abundance is most likely to face extinction. Here it is also shown that removal of the most abundant species, i.e. that with the greatest relative density within the community, leads to the highest probability of community collapse, with further loss of community members through cascading extinctions. The asymmetry and non-linearity of between species interactions mean that species’ ranking can change unexpectedly following species loss. These results can lead to practical recommendations in management decisions for conservation and other species management problems, e.g. harvesting in marine food-webs, where it may be difficult to assess relative competitive ability between species in the ecosystem.
Estimating the COP Exchange Rate Volatility Smile and the Market Effect of Central Bank Interventions: A CHARN Approach

In this paper we estimated a volatility model for COP/US under two different samples, one containing the information before the “discretional interventions” started, and the other using the whole sample. We use a nonparametric approach to estimate the mean and “volatility smile” return functions using daily data. For the pre-interventions sample, we found a nonlinear expected return function and, surprisingly, a nonsymmetric “volatility smile”. These lack of linearity and symmetry are related to absolute returns above 1,5% and 1,0%, respectively. We also found that the “discretional interventions” did not shift the mean response function, but moved the expected returns along the line towards the required levels. In contrast, the “volatility smile” tends to increase in a non-symmetric way after accounting for “discretional interventions”. The Sep/29/2004 announcement does not seem to have had any effect on the expected conditional mean or variance functions, but the Dec/17/2004 announcement seems to be related to non-symmetric effects on the volatility smile. We concluded that the announcement of discretional intervention by the monetary authority was more efficient when time and amount were unannounced.
Prevalence and predictors of antenatal depressive symptoms among women attending Adama Hospital Antenatal Clinic, Adama, Ethiopia

Antenatal depressive disorders are serious health problems and pose multiple dangers to both the mother and her fetus, however, not given due attention. They are found with significantly higher prevalence rates in low income countries and associated with socio-economic and socio-cultural factors predominantly. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of antenatal depressive disorders and associated factors among Adama Hospital Antenatal clinic attendants. A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from March 1st to April 21st, 2011 at Adama Hospital, Adama, Ethiopia. About 231 pregnant women were interviewed using systematic sampling method. Pretested Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The presence of depressive disorders was explained by the sum of BDI items scored 21 and above. And, data entry was done by SPSS version 15 and analyzed using logistic regression. The mean age was 26.32±0.24. About 56.7% were in third trimester and 45% were nulliparous. Regarding pattern of current pregnancy, unwanted pregnancy accounted 42%. Prevalence rate of antenatal depressive disorders was found to be 31.2%. Previous abortion [AOR=2.86, CI (1.13, 7.24)], fear of pregnancy complications [AOR=3.49, CI (2.21, 22.17)], economic problem [AOR=9.52, CI (2.68, 33.78)] and unwanted pregnancy [AOR=6.99, CI (2.21, 22.17) and marital conflict [AOR=22.68, CI(3.61, 142.33] were found to have strong association with depressive disorders. The prevalence of antenatal depressive disorders was high at the study area. Psychosocial factors, economic problems and obstetric features were significantly associated with maternal depressive disorder. Adama Hospital should integrate mental health service with existing antenatal clinic service. In addition, screening of antenatal care (ANC) attendants for potential risk factors of antenatal depressive disorders could be crucial to hamper the impending dangers through early detection. Key word: Antenatal depressive disorders, pregnant women, Adama hospital, beck depression inventory.
Students’ perception using inquiry based learning in science experiment

Inquiry based learning is an approach that involves questioning, exploration of idea and solving the problem through discussion and exploration of information from the internet or scientific materials. The aim of this study was to identify the perception of student using inquiry based learning in science experiment based on their interest and confident level. A total of 30 respondents were selected through purposive sampling method. The respondents consisted of students’ from 5th grade at primary school in Malaysia. The data were analysed using descriptive statistic. The finding showed that using inquiry based learning can increase students interest (mean score = 4.19) and confident level (mean score = 4.32) during the experiment. Based on these findings, using inquiry based learning should be considered as the preferred method of teaching in science experiment.
Efficient Energy Management Using Domotics Controller and Validation Incorporating Lab View in wind/solar/battery Storage Hybrid System

This paper presents an exploration on the effective usage of power using Domotics controller for domestic or small scale buildings in regulation of efficient energy management. LabVIEW has been applied in the validation of load requirement to household appliances. Customers are required to present the energy demand to actively observe and respond to the energy requirements. Hence there is a need to design a smart system that automatically executes all these tasks without any difficulty to the customers, thus an autonomous scheduling and controlling scheme for the electric supply of household appliances and demand of home energy management system (hems) via energy management system for 8.7kw with Domotics controller is presented.
Knowledge, Promotional Events, and the Contribution of Clustering to Innovation

This research provides insight on the mechanisms through which knowledge acquired through promotional events and through spatial co-location simultaneously sustains firm's innovation. Applying the concept of temporary clusters to promotional events, we simultaneously test how internal resources' mediating effect and promotional events' moderating role affect innovation in clusters. Regression analyses with nonparametric bootstrapping and a large sample of Spanish clusters confirm the synergies derived from the combination of internal resources, local relationships, and complementary foreign events. Although extra-cluster linkages increase this effect, synergies creation requires attendance to international exhibitions or conventions. Valuable implications for practitioners and policy makers are discussed.
Running head: METACOGNITION, SELF-EFFICACY, ACHIEVEMENT, AND GENDER

The impact of using integrated metacognitive instruction on high school students' achievement, self-efficacy, and test anxiety was studied. Forty students in 2 advanced geography classes in a large suburban high school participated. The level of metacognitive strategies students used at the beginning of the semester was assessed and compared to that of the end of the semester, and these levels were compared to those of a control group. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was used to measure metacognitive strategy use, self-efficacy for learning, and test anxiety. It was hypothesized that the treatment group would have higher scores on an achievement test, that they would report higher self-efficacy scores, and that they would also report lower test anxiety scores. Treatment effects were in the direction that was hypothesized, but there were nosignificant differences between the two groups, a result that may be attributed to the small sample size. Significant interactions were found between gender and achievement, metacognitive self-regulation, and test anxiety. Males had higher achievement scores, and females reported higher levels of metacognitive strategy use and higher levels of test anxiety. Attachments include lesson plans, the MSLQ, and forms used to conduct the study. (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Familial versus Sporadic Breast Cancer: Different Treatments for Similar Tumors?

Objective: It is unclear if and to what extent family history of breast/ovarian cancer or BRCA1/2-mutation carriership influences breast cancer treatment strategy. We investigated whether treatment differed between patients from BRCA1/2 families and those unselected for family history. Methods: We included 478 BRCA1/2-related patients referred for genetic testing before or after diagnosis. Two references were used: 13,498 population-based and 6896 hospital-based patients. Surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy use was analyzed using logistic regression models, stratified by tumor size, nodal status, age at and period of diagnosis, and estrogen receptor status (ER). Results: BRCA1/2 cases aged 35 - 52 years at diagnosis and/or with tumors BRCA1 and ER-negative BRCA1/2-cases irrespective of age and nodal status (OR 1.9 to 24.3). Conclusion: After 1995 treatment of BRCA1/2-associated patients consisted notably of more mastectomies and adjuvant chemotherapy than their population-based counterparts with the same tumor characteristics. There is a need to be aware of such differences in daily practice and interpretation of survival studies on BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for the Prediction of Molecular Properties: Challenges and Opportunities Connected to the Data

Abstract We present a flexible deep convolutional neural network method for the analysis of arbitrary sized graph structures representing molecules. This method, which makes use of the Lipinski RDKit module, an open-source cheminformatics software, enables the incorporation of any global molecular (such as molecular charge and molecular weight) and local (such as atom hybridization and bond orders) information. In this paper, we show that this method significantly outperforms another recently proposed method based on deep convolutional neural networks on several datasets that are studied. Several best practices for training deep convolutional neural networks on chemical datasets are also highlighted within the article, such as how to select the information to be included in the model, how to prevent overfitting and how unbalanced classes in the data can be handled.
Prograde Rayleigh wave particle motion

SUMMARY Fundamental mode Rayleigh waves generally show retrograde particle motion at the surface of the Earth. If there exists a thick sedimentary layer, however, reversal of the sign of vertical eigenfunction occurs near the surface, resulting in prograde Rayleigh-wave particle motion at the surface. We show that, for structures similar to those found in the Los Angeles basin (with thickness up to 8 km), surface prograde motion may occur within the frequency band 0.05‐ 0.3 Hz. Although it has been suggested that the effect of gravity on waves in unconsolidated surface layer may be important, partitioning of energy between the elatic and gravitational energy shows that the gravitational energy is less than 1 per cent and thus is not important. The phenomenon is caused by elastic effects, mainly caused by extremely slow shallow seismic velocities. Observation of prograde elliptical particle motion may be difficult, however, because particle motion is largely horizontal and high microseismic noise exists in the same frequency band.
Adsorption of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution Using Low-Cost Bentonite/Chitosan Beads

A new adsorbent namely bentonite/chitosan beads has been synthesized and studied for its defluoridation efficiency. Bentonite was activated and the beads were prepared using the inverse suspension polymerization method. The bentonite/chitosan beads (bentonite dosage of 3.0 g) showed an adsorption capacity of 0.895 mg/g whereas chitosan beads had only 0.359 mg/g. The optimal pH value was observed at pH 5 where the adsorbent reached the maximum defluoridation capacity of 1.164 mg/g. The effect of temperature, contact time and initial fluoride concentration on the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent has also been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) were used to characterize the adsorbent. The adsorption of fluoride onto the adsorbent followed Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetic model. The fluoride loaded adsorbent could be regenerated using sodium hydroxide.