Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In-Bi low-temperature SLID bonding

In-Bi SLID bonding on Au pads, with bonding temperature as low as 90 °C, is demonstrated. The resulting bondline consists of a structure of Au / Au-In intermetallics / Au, with inclusions of Bi or BiIn2 (bonding temperature dependent). Au and Au-In intermetallics are stable to temperatures as high as 450 °C, implying that In-Bi low-temperature SLID bonding on Au pads has potential to be solid up to 450 °C. This opens for reliable metallurgical bonding of temperature-sensitive materials such as poled piezoelectric materials, ferromagnetic materials and polymers. Preliminary die shear measurements demonstrate that strong bonds can be achieved.
Application of CL multi-wavelet de-noising in partial discharge detection

In order to extract the weak partial discharge signals which have been submerged in the strong on-site background noise from power equipments, a new method is proposed based on the basic theory of CL multi-wavelet. In the first place, haar and balanced pre-processing method are used to pre-process the PD signals. And then, the vector thresholding method and the neighbouring coefficients method are used to de-noise. Lastly, the principle of translation-invariant multi-wavelet is applied to eliminate the Gibbs phenomenon. Besides, this paper compares the effect of the two de-noising methods based on different noise. After analysis and comparison of the results, the conclusion is obtained that the neighbouring coefficients method can achieve better de-noising effect. Finally, the method is applied to de-noise the test data of generator partial discharge. The results show that it has the ability to retain the original signal information.
Other-Sex Relationship Stress and Sex Differences in the Contribution of Puberty to Depression

Research suggests that the pubertal transition, particularly when experienced earlier than age-matched peers, is associated with heightened depression in girls but less depression in boys. This study examined whether stress within other-sex relationships serves as one process through which puberty differentially contributes to depression for girls and boys. Youth (51 girls, 34 boys; M age = 12.68) and their caregivers reported on pubertal status and age of menarche. Semistructured interviews were conducted to assess youths’ depression and exposure to chronic other-sex stress. As anticipated, more advanced status and earlier timing were associated with more depression in girls and less depression in boys. More advanced status and earlier timing were associated with less other-sex stress in boys; earlier age of menarche was associated with more other-sex stress in girls. Other-sex stress partially mediated the early menarche-depression association in girls, suggesting one process through which puberty promotes risk for depression in girls.
Spatiotemporal modelling using integro‐difference equations with bivariate stable kernels

An integro‐difference equation can be represented as a hierarchical spatiotemporal dynamic model using appropriate parameterizations. The dynamics of the process defined by an integro‐difference equation depends on the choice of a bivariate kernel distribution, where more flexible shapes generally result in more flexible models. Under a Bayesian modelling framework, we consider the use of the stable family of distributions for the kernel, as they are infinitely divisible and offer a variety of tail behaviours, orientations and skewness. Many of the attributes of the bivariate stable distribution are controlled by a measure, which we model using a flexible Bernstein polynomial basis prior. The method is the first attempt to incorporate non‐Gaussian kernels in a two‐dimensional integro‐difference equation model and will be shown to improve prediction over the Gaussian kernel model for a data set of Pacific sea surface temperatures.
Effects of restricted cochlear lesions in adult cats on the frequency organization of the inferior colliculus

Restricted cochlear lesions in adult animals result in plastic changes in the representation of the lesioned cochlea, and thus in the frequency map, in the contralateral auditory cortex and thalamus. To examine the contribution of subthalamic changes to this reorganization, the effects of unilateral mechanical cochlear lesions on the frequency organization of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) were examined in adult cats. Lesions typically resulted in a broad high‐frequency hearing loss extending from a frequency in the range 15–22 kHz. After recovery periods of 2.5–18 months, the frequency organization of ICC contralateral to the lesioned cochlea was determined separately for the onset and late components of multiunit responses to tone‐burst stimuli. For the late response component in all but one penetration through the ICC, and for the onset response component in more than half of the penetrations, changes in frequency organization in the lesion projection zone were explicable as the residue of prelesion responses. In half of the penetrations exhibiting nonresidue type changes in onset‐response frequency organization, the changes appeared to reflect the unmasking of normally inhibited inputs. In the other half it was unclear whether the changes reflected unmasking or a dynamic process of reorganization. Thus, most of the observed changes were explicable as passive consequences of the lesion, and there was limited evidence for plasticity in the ICC. The implications of the data with respect to the primary locus of the changes and to the manner in which they contribute to thalamocortical reorganization are considered. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:354–374, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An efficient steganographic approach for protecting communication in the Internet of Things (IoT) critical infrastructures

ABSTRACT With the manifestation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and fog computing, the quantity of edge devices is escalating exponentially all over the world, providing better services to the end user with the help of existing and upcoming communication infrastructures. All of these devices are producing and communicating a huge amount of data and control information around this open IoT environment. A large amount of this information contains personal and important information for the user as well as for the organization. The number of attack vectors for malicious users is high due to the openness, distributed nature, and lack of control over the whole IoT environment. For building the IoT as an effective service platform, end users need to trust the system. For this reason, security and privacy of information in the IoT is a great concern in critical infrastructures such as the smart home, smart city, smart healthcare, smart industry, etc. In this article, we propose three information hiding techniques for protecting communication in critical IoT infrastructure with the help of steganography, where RGB images are used as carriers for the information. We hide the information in the deeper layer of the image channels with minimum distortion in the least significant bit (lsb) to be used as indication of data. We analyze our technique both mathematically and experimentally. Mathematically, we show that the adversary cannot predict the actual information by analysis. The proposed approach achieved better imperceptibility and capacity than the various existing techniques along with better resistance to steganalysis attacks such as histogram analysis and RS analysis, as proven experimentally.
Element Patterns for Linear Phased Arrays with Descattering Net Works

The limitations on the element pattern for linear arrays are studied and it is shown that the ideal element pattern is the omnidirectional pattern, leading to a very wide angular scan. Lossless interconnecting networks are used to improve the element pattern and the behaviour as the network size increases is investigated. Asymptotic expressions are given for very large arrays where the network effect is also shown.
Varnish microlaminations: new insights from focused ion beam preparation

The cross-sectional texture of rock varnish varies considerably with the scale of analysis and technique used to image a sample. Each jump in resolution results in new insight, with the current state-of-the-art resting at the nanoscale. One key to nanoscale analysis involves focused ion beam (FIB) techniques used most frequently in material science and semiconductor failure analysis. FIB preparation remains challenging, however, for samples like rock coatings with heterogeneous density and abundant porosity. A new technique involving multiangle ion thinning and in situ plan-view lift-out facilitated a scanning transmission electron microscopy study of rock varnish from Death Valley. The results reveal variability in lateral continuity of nanometer microlaminae that can be interrupted by post-depositional diagenesis involving leaching of Mn and Fe, and this variability could explain why some of the visual varnish microlaminations (VML) used in paleoclimatic research can sometimes appear discontinuous. Because these breaks result from post-depositional processes, they do not undermine the paleoclimatic interpretations of VML.
Hacia un consenso para el crecimiento económico de México

Si bien la literatura sobre el crecimiento economico ha experimentado un auge a partir de la decada de los noventa, no por ello ha logrado un consenso en sus recomendaciones, y mucho menos ante los ojos del publico mexicano. El proposito de este escrito es realizar un analisis de las experiencias de crecimiento de los paises, especialmente en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, para destacar las condiciones en ausencia de las cuales no fue posible mantener un crecimiento economico sostenido. La exposicion tiene el proposito adicional de sostener la discusion en un contexto lo suficientemente amplio como para que trascienda las “escuelas” de economia que participan en el ambito mexicano y latinoamericano, incluidas ortodoxias de ambos signos. Solamente asi se podra lograr una discusion que permita los consensos que son esenciales para el mismo crecimiento. El resultado del analisis es un conjunto de puntos minimos que debe contener cualquier estrategia de crecimiento economico (es decir, un conjunto ordenado y coherente de politicas dirigidas a estimular el crecimiento). 1 Estos puntos minimos funcionan a su vez como un marco de analisis de cualquier estrategia de crecimiento. Las experiencias historicas de crecimiento economico tambien muestran que los paises que lograron integrarse al desarrollo pleno lo hicieron a traves de un salto economico que involucro altas tasas de crecimiento, sostenidas durante un largo periodo. En estos saltos la intervencion del Estado fue una parte esencial del proceso. Los puntos minimos sirven para establecen un marco dentro del cual puede plantearse este tipo de estrategia. Habiendo establecido un marco de analisis, lo aplicamos a las propuestas de los tres principales candidatos a la presidencia de Mexico: Felipe Calderon, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador y Roberto Madrazo, tal como los expusieron en forma escrita para el programa “Dialogos por Mexico” de Televisa a finales del 2005. En general, encontramos que dichas formulaciones no constituyen realmente planes integrales de crecimiento economico. Los problemas nacionales se conciben mas bien en forma aislada, y el crecimiento economico como algo que ocurre por si solo. En las siguientes secciones exponemos primero los hallazgos principales de la literatura respecto del crecimiento economico sostenible. Despues, reunimos las conclusiones y exponemos su relacion tanto con los episodios de rapido crecimiento como con el analisis de las experiencias recientes de bajo crecimiento en Latinoamerica. Posteriormente, analizamos las propuestas de los candidatos a la presidencia y, finalmente, exponemos nuestras conclusiones.
A triple band compact asymmetric monopole-SRR based antenna for Wi-Max, WLAN and RFID applications

In this paper, a triple band very compact asymmetric monopole antenna with an electrically coupled split ring resonator (SRR) is presented. The operating frequencies cover the worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), wireless local area network (WLAN), and Tagometry (Telemetry using RFID) applications. The asymmetric monopole is fed by a microstrip line, whereas the SRR is inductively coupled with the radiating element which gave triple band of resonances. The electric field-coupled SRR yields its resonance at 3.37 GHz in addition to the fundamental wideband resonances obtained by the asymmetric monopole. The simulated operating bands 3.37 GHz, 5.62 GHz, 8.26 GHz are suitable for WiMAX, WLAN and RFID Tagometry bands respectively. The proposed antenna has a very compact size of 12 × 15 × 1.6 mm3 with FR4 substrate. Very good 50 ohm impedance matching of the antenna for all three resonances by getting S11 as -38.5 dB, -39.9 dB, -30.7dB for corresponding three resonance frequencies respectively. Good impedance bandwidth achieved for third resonance 13.74% and desired radiation characteristics of antenna obtained which can use for above noted three applications. The antenna simulations and parametric studies have been done using CST Microwave Studio.
La Leggibilità dei Testi di Ambito Medico rivolti al Paziente: il Caso dei Bugiardini di Farmaci Senza Obbligo di Prescrizione Medica (Readability of Medical Texts for Patients: a Case Study on Information Leaflets of Drugs without Obligation of Medical Prescription)

English. In this paper we present the first results of an exploratory analysis of simplification of the package leaflets of medicines, considered representative texts of doctorpatient communication. It will be shown how natural language processing tools can be used to reconstruct the linguistic profile of these texts and to guide their simplification. Italiano . In questo articolo presentiamo i primi risultati di un lavoro esplorativo di analisi e semplificazione dei foglietti illustrativi dei medicinali, considerati testi rappresentativi della comunicazione medicopaziente. Verrà mostrato come strumenti per il trattamento automatico del linguaggio naturale (TAL) possono essere utilizzati per ricostruire il profilo linguistico di questi testi e per guidarne la semplificazione.
The Sum1/Ndt80 Transcriptional Switch and Commitment to Meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

SUMMARY Cells encounter numerous signals during the development of an organism that induce division, differentiation, and apoptosis. These signals need to be present for defined intervals in order to induce stable changes in the cellular phenotype. The point after which an inducing signal is no longer needed for completion of a differentiation program can be termed the “commitment point. ” Meiotic development in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (sporulation) provides a model system to study commitment. Similar to differentiation programs in multicellular organisms, the sporulation program in yeast is regulated by a transcriptional cascade that produces early, middle, and late sets of sporulation-specific transcripts. Although critical meiosis-specific events occur as early genes are expressed, commitment does not take place until middle genes are induced. Middle promoters are activated by the Ndt80 transcription factor, which is produced and activated shortly before most middle genes are expressed. In this article, I discuss the connection between Ndt80 and meiotic commitment. A transcriptional regulatory pathway makes NDT80 transcription contingent on the prior expression of early genes. Once Ndt80 is produced, the recombination (pachytene) checkpoint prevents activation of the Ndt80 protein. Upon activation, Ndt80 triggers a positive autoregulatory loop that leads to the induction of genes that promote exit from prophase, the meiotic divisions, and spore formation. The pathway is controlled by multiple feed-forward loops that give switch-like properties to the commitment transition. The conservation of regulatory components of the meiotic commitment pathway and the recently reported ability of Ndt80 to increase replicative life span are discussed.
Impact of Age on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Patient expectations and demographics are vital factors in determining patient satisfaction and outcomes from total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study was a retrospective chart review that analyzed data from TKA patients to determine the impact of age on patient-reported outcomes measures following TKA. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Oxford knee scores were collected as primary outcome measures from 356 consecutive patients who underwent TKA. Oxford knee scores were further divided into pain and function subscores. Patients were age categorized as <50, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and >79. Preoperative scores were compared among age categories including age category, gender, body mass index (BMI), and length of stay (LOS) in the model as fixed effects. Scores collected postoperatively (∼10, 30, 90, and 180 days postoperation) were analyzed as repeated measures including age category, day and their interaction, gender, BMI, LOS, and preoperative score in the model. Preoperative OXFORD scores significantly differed among age categories (p < 0.05) and were numerically higher for the older (≥60 years old) compared with younger patients (<60 years old). After adjusting for preoperative scores, postoperative WOMAC and overall, pain, and function OXFORD scores significantly differed among the age groups (p < 0.05), with patients younger than 60 years reporting the worst scores in the postoperative time period. Older patients reported better preoperative overall, pain, and function scores and greater post-TKA outcomes than younger patients. A better understanding of factors that influence patient-reported outcomes can help providers to better manage patient expectations.
The Importance of the Level of the Lip Line and Resting Lip Pressure in Class II, Division 2 Malocclusion

Many clinicians hypothesize that retroclination of the maxillary central incisors in Class II, Division 2 malocclusion is caused by increased resting lip pressure against these teeth. The purpose of this study was (1) to verify this assumption by means of simultaneous lip-pressure measurements at two different levels on the maxillary central incisor crowns, and (2) to examine factors that could possibly contribute to the increased resting lip pressure. This is the first study to prove that individuals with Class II, Division 2 malocclusion (n = 21) have the upper central incisors exposed to significantly higher lip pressure than those with Class I malocclusion (n = 21). Our statistical evaluation revealed that this is primarily attributed to a high lip line and not to a hypertonic peri-oral musculature. We concluded that orthodontic treatment of Class II, Division 2 cases should include intrusion of the maxillary incisors, to eliminate the non-physiologically high pressure exerted by the lower lip on these teeth and, consequently, to reduce the high risk of a post-orthodontic relapse.
The role of inflammation in cancer of the esophagus

Esophageal adenocarcinoma is the eighth most common malignancy worldwide. The overall prognosis is poor, with 5-year survival ranges of approximately 15–25%, and 30–50% for patients who can be treated with curative intent. There has been a marked increase in incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma over the last 30 years, with chronic and severe reflux, diet and obesity identified as principal factors fuelling this rise in the West. Esophageal adenocarcinoma is an exemplar model of an inflammation-associated cancer. The key molecular pathways driving tumor development and influencing tumor biology are the subject of considerable research efforts, and is the principal focus of this review. In addition, the diverse range of changes occurring in the local immune response, tissue microenvironment, metabolic profile, intracellular signaling mechanisms and microRNA signatures are discussed, as well as novel targeted therapies.
Prevention of Heart Failure.

The root cause of heart failure is dysfunction of the heart muscle. This dysfunction occurs in 1 of 2 ways: a weakening of the muscle, resulting in a decrease in the heart’s pumping capacity, or an increased stiffness of the heart muscle so that the heart cannot relax properly while the heart fills with blood. Fortunately, there are many avenues for preventing the onset of heartfailureincludingbothhealthylifestylebehaviorsandpropermedical treatment for conditions that predispose one to heart failure. Regular physical activity (exercising 5 d/wk) and maintaining a health body weight are key ingredients to preventing heart failure. Other healthy behaviors also lower the risk of developing heart failure: not smoking, eating fruits and vegetables (4 servings/d), and moderate alcohol intake (1 drink/d). On the other hand, heavy alcohol/binge drinking and cocaine/amphetamine abuse can lead to heart failure and other health problems and thus should be avoided. Lastly, eating fish and drinking a moderate amount of coffee ( 4 cups/d) have also been linked to less heart failure. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a major risk factor for the development of heart failure. Blood pressure lowering in some individuals known to be at higher risk for heart disease to an optimal level of approximately 120/80 mm Hg can significantly reduce this risk. Specific medicines that lower blood pressure and are also effective in lowering heart failure risk include diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and β-blockers. Type 2 diabetes (high blood glucose) predisposes one to the development of heart failure, and treatment of diabetes to lower blood glucose with diet, exercise, and certain antidiabetic medications under the care of your physician can significantly lower your risk. Cholesterol buildup in the arteries that supply blood to the heart, also known as atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, can result in heart attacks that damage and weaken the heart muscle. This is another leading cause of heart failure. Under the care of a cardiologist, treatment of risk factors can effectively reduce risk of heart attacks and heart failure with drugs such as statins (cholesterol-lowering medicines) and aspirin. Diet and exercise are important as well. Genetics also play a role in many forms of heart failure. If you have a family member with heart failure, you should ask your doctor to consider heart failure screening and genetic testing. Some cancer chemotherapies can weaken the heart and lead to heart failure. If you are undergoing chemotherapy, ask your doctor whether your heart function needs to be monitored.