Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taste Masked Oral Fast Dissolving Sublingual Strips of Rizatriptan Benzoate for Migraine Therapy

The aim of present investigation was to develop a taste masked fast dissolving sublingual strips of rizatriptan benzoate. The fast dissolving strips (FDS) were prepared by solvent casting method using polyox N-10 and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) as polymer and plasticizer respectively. The FDS were evaluated for pH, folding endurance, tensile strength, moisture absorption, disintegration time and in vitro dissolution. All formulations were free from bubble and exhibited smooth appearance. The pH of the films was acidic. It was observed that increase in the concentration of polyox N-10 increased the disintegration time but reduced the dissolution rate. The formulation A2 showed all the evaluation parameters within the acceptable range and was considered as optimized formulation. The optimized formulation was subjected to the taste masking and stability study. The results of taste masking study indicated an efficient masking of the bitter taste of drug by the flavouring agents in the film. The formulation A2 was found to be stable for three months with an insignificant change in the drug content and mean dissolution time (MDT). The compatibility study performed using ATR-FTIR and DSC analysis indicated absence of any unusual interaction between drug and excipients used in formulation. Thus, the FDS comprised of polyox N-10 and PEG 400 may be a better alternative to the other available fast dissolving systems for delivery of rizatriptan benzoate.
Percolation Transitions of the Ideal Gas and Supercritical Mesophase

High-temperature and pressure boundaries of the liquid and gaseous states have not been defined thermodynamically. Standard liquid-state physics texts use either critical isotherms or isobars as ad hoc boundaries in phase diagrams. Here we report that percolation transition loci can define liquid and gas states, extending from super-critical temperatures or pressures to “ideal gas” states. Using computational methodology described previously we present results for the thermodynamic states at which clusters of excluded volume (VE) and pockets of available volume (VA), for a spherical molecule diameter σ, percolate the whole volume (V = VE VA) of the ideal gas. The molecular-reduced temperature (T)/pressure (p) ratios (T* = kBT/pσ3) for the percolation transitions are T*PE = 1.495 ± 0.01 and T*PA = 1.100 ± 0.01. Further MD computations of percolation loci for the Widom-Rowlinson (W-R) model of a partially miscible binary liquid (A-B) show the connection between the ideal gas percolation transitions and the 1st-order phase-separation transition. A phase diagram for the penetrable cohesive sphere (PCS) model of a one-component liquid-gas is then obtained by analytic transcription of the W-R model thermodynamic properties. The PCS percolation loci extend from a critical coexistence of gas plus liquid to the low-density limit ideal gas. Extended percolation loci for argon, determined from literature equation-of-state measurements exhibit similar phenomena. When percolation loci define phase bounds, the liquid phase spans the whole density range, whereas the gas phase is confined by its percolation boundary within an area of low T and p on the density surface. This is contrary to a general perception, and reopens a debate of “what is liquid”. We append this contribution to the science of liquid-gas criticality and liquid-state bounds with further open debate.
A model of quality determinants in Internet retailing

While there is a substantial body of literature relating to the activities of Internet marketers and the technology which drives E-Commerce, less attention has been given to consumer oriented research. To partially address this gap in marketing knowledge, a preliminary model of quality determinants in Internet retailing has been developed in this paper. In-depth interviews with 14 experienced Internet shoppers provided the data that was used to develop the model. Respondents discussed what they expected from Internet retailers and the quality of service that they have received. The analysis of results indicated that inherent differences between traditional and Internet environments increased the significance of some quality dimensions, resulted in the merging of others, and introduced new issues which were not accounted for by SERVQUAL. The resultant model identifies six potential determinants of quality; web site, product offering, company information, transaction system, product possession, and interaction with the firm. Disciplines Business | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details Francis, J. & White, L. (2001). A model of quality determinants in Internet retailing. Proceedings of the 2001 ServSIG Services Research Conference: New Horizons in Services Marketing, 26-28 May, 2001 (pp. 59-67). Chicago, USA: American Marketing Association. This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow. edu.au/commpapers/757 A MODEL OF QUALITY DETERMINANTS IN
Examination of relationships between clear-sky longwave radiation and aspects of the atmospheric hydrological cycle in climate models, reanalyses, and observations.

Relationships between clear-sky longwave radiation and aspects of the atmospheric hydrological cycle are quantified in models, reanalyses, and observations over the period 1980‐2000. The robust sensitivity of clearsky surface net longwave radiation (SNLc) to column-integrated water vapor (CWV) of 1‐1.5 W m 22 mm 21 combined with the positive relationship between CWV and surface temperature (Ts) explains substantial increases in clear-sky longwave radiative cooling of the atmosphere (QLWc) to the surface over the period. Clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation (OLRc) is highly sensitive to changes in aerosol and greenhouse gas concentrations in addition to temperature and humidity. Over tropical ocean regions of mean descent, QLWc increases with Ts at ;3.5‐5.5 W m 22 K 21 for reanalyses, estimates derived from satellite data, and models without volcanic forcing included. Increased QLWc with warming across the tropical oceans helps to explain model ensemble mean increases in precipitation of 0.1‐0.15 mm day 21 K 21 , which are primarily determined by ascent regions where precipitation increases at the rate expected from the Clausius‐Clapeyron equation. The implications for future projections in the atmospheric hydrological cycle are discussed.
In vitro anti influenza virus activity, antioxidant potential and total phenolic content of twelve Iranian medicinal plants

The emergence of medicine resistance strains of influenza A viruses to the chemical drogs lead to the development of alternative herbal compounds that inhibit the virus replication. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate in vitro anti-influenza A viruses activity, antioxidant potential, total phenolic, and flavonoid content of a total of 12 hydro alcoholic crude extracts obtained from 8 kinds of medicinal plants. Antiinfluenza A viruses activity of the extracts was investigated by the using of MDCK cell line and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol– 2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. Both 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of the extracts were identified using regression analysis. The antioxidant activity, total phenol, and flavonoid content of the extracts were determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Folin-Ciocalteu method, and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The results demonstrated that there was high activity against influenza virus for Peganum harmala L. , Equisetum arvense L. , and Punica granatum L, extracts with IC50 value of 9.1 (CI95%:7.3-11.3), 6.45 (CI95%: 4.5-9.23), and 104.5 (CI95%: 82.8-131.8), respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed that both Equisetum arvense L. and Punica granatum L. demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 6.5, 6.8 and 7.7 μg/mL, respectively. According to the results, some of these extracts might be further analyzed to develop effective anti-influenza factors.
A low-power IC design for the wireless monitoring system of the orthopedic implants

This paper proposes an architecture of the wireless monitoring system for the real-time monitoring of the orthopedic implants. The system monitors the implant duty cycle, detects abnormal high amounts of force, and other conditions of the orthopedic implants. Data for diagnosis is communicated wirelessly by radio frequency (RF) signal between the embedded chip (inside body) and the remote circuit (outside body). In different working modes the system can be powered by the RF signal or stiff lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics which are able to convert mechanical energy inside the orthopedic implant into electrical energy. The radio frequency (RF) circuits with the working frequency of 2.4 GHz have been taped out with 0.18 mum CMOS technology with 50 muW. It can supply 400 muW power over a distance of 20 cm between the two transceivers. The power circuits have been taped out with 0.35 mum CMOS technology. The circuits including RF circuits, analog digital converter (ADC), and micro control unit (MCU) have been implemented in 0.18 mum CMOS process.
Co-Optimization of Generation Unit Commitment and Transmission Switching With N-1 Reliability

Currently, there is a national push for a smarter electric grid, one that is more controllable and flexible. The full control of transmission assets are not currently built into electric network optimization models. Optimal transmission switching is a straightforward way to leverage grid controllability: to make better use of the existing system and meet growing demand with existing infrastructure. Previous papers have shown that optimizing the network topology improves the dispatch of electrical networks. Such optimal topology dispatch can be categorized as a smart grid application where there is a co-optimization of both generators and transmission topology. In this paper we present a co-optimization formulation of the generation unit commitment and transmission switching problem while ensuring N-1 reliability. We show that the optimal topology of the network can vary from hour to hour. We also show that optimizing the topology can change the optimal unit commitment schedule. This problem is large and computationally complex even for medium sized systems. We present decomposition and computational approaches to solving this problem. Results are presented for the IEEE RTS 96 test case.
Ieee Transactions on Wireless Communications, Accepted for Publication Weighted Energy Detection for Noncoherent Ultra-wideband Receiver Design

—For ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radios, nonco-herent energy detectors are motivated for their simple circuitry and effective capture of multipath energy. A major performance-degrading factor in energy detection is the noise floor, which is aggravated for low-duty-cycle UWB signals with a large time-bandwidth product. In this paper, weighted energy detection (WED) techniques are developed for effective noise suppression. The received signal is processed by a set of parallel integrators, each corresponding to a different integration time-window within a symbol period. The outputs of these integrators are weighted and linearly combined to generate decision statistics, while the weights are determined by the signal power collected from the corresponding integrators to improve the effective signal to noise ratio. The WED principle is applied to all phases of receiver processing, including signal detection, timing synchronization and data demodulation. For each phase, the optimal linear detector parameters, including decision thresholds and weighting coefficients, are derived analytically. Simulations show that the proposed noncoherent WED receiver enhances the bit-error-rate performance compared to conventional energy detectors.
Design Methodology for Global Resonant  ${\rm H}$-Tree Clock Distribution Networks

Design guidelines for resonant H-tree clock distribution networks are presented in this paper. A distributed model of a two-level resonant H-tree structure is described, supporting the design of low power, skew, and jitter resonant H-tree clock distribution networks. Excellent agreement is shown between the proposed model and SpectraS simulations. A case study is presented that demonstrates the design of a two-level resonant H-tree network, distributing a 5-GHz clock signal in a 0.18-mum CMOS technology. This example exhibits an 84% decrease in power dissipation as compared to a standard H-tree clock distribution network. The design methodology enables tradeoffs among design variables to be examined, such as the operating frequency, the size of the on-chip inductors and capacitors, the output resistance of the driving buffer, and the interconnect width. A sensitivity analysis of resonant H-tree clock distribution networks is also provided. The effect of the driving buffer output resistance, on-chip inductor and capacitor size, and signal and shielding transmission line width and spacing on the output voltage swing and power consumption is described
Direct Visualization of Horizontal Gene Transfer

Conjugation allows bacteria to acquire genes for antibiotic resistance, novel virulence attributes, and alternative metabolic pathways. Using a fluorescent protein fusion, SeqA-YFP, we have visualized this process in real time and in single cells of Escherichia coli. We found that the F pilus mediates DNA transfer at considerable cell-to-cell distances. Integration of transferred DNA by recombination occurred in up to 96% of recipients; in the remaining cells, the transferred DNA was fully degraded by the RecBCD helicase/nuclease. The acquired integrated DNA was tracked through successive replication rounds and was found to occasionally split and segregate with different chromosomes, leading to the inheritance of different gene clusters within the cell lineage. The incidence of DNA splitting corresponds to about one crossover per cell generation.
Molecular Genetics of Human Myopia: An Update

Myopia, or nearsightedness, is the most common human eye disorder in the world, and is a significant global public health concern. Along with cataract, macular degeneration, infectious disease, and vitamin A deficiency, myopia is one of the most important causes of visual impairment worldwide. Severe or high-grade myopia is a leading cause of blindness because of its associated ocular morbidities of retinal detachment, macular choroidal degeneration, premature cataract, and glaucoma. Ample evidence documents the heritability of the non-syndromic forms of this condition, especially for high-grade myopia, commonly referred to as myopic spherical refractive power of 5 to 6 diopters or higher. Multiple high-grade myopia genetic loci have been identified, and confirmatory studies identifying high-grade and moderate myopia loci have also occurred. In general, myopia susceptibility genes are unknown with few association studies performed, and without confirmation in other research laboratories or testing of separate patient cohorts.
Parallel Evolution of the Genetic Code in Arthropod Mitochondrial Genomes

The genetic code provides the translation table necessary to transform the information contained in DNA into the language of proteins. In this table, a correspondence between each codon and each amino acid is established: tRNA is the main adaptor that links the two. Although the genetic code is nearly universal, several variants of this code have been described in a wide range of nuclear and organellar systems, especially in metazoan mitochondria. These variants are generally found by searching for conserved positions that consistently code for a specific alternative amino acid in a new species. We have devised an accurate computational method to automate these comparisons, and have tested it with 626 metazoan mitochondrial genomes. Our results indicate that several arthropods have a new genetic code and translate the codon AGG as lysine instead of serine (as in the invertebrate mitochondrial genetic code) or arginine (as in the standard genetic code). We have investigated the evolution of the genetic code in the arthropods and found several events of parallel evolution in which the AGG codon was reassigned between serine and lysine. Our analyses also revealed correlated evolution between the arthropod genetic codes and the tRNA-Lys/-Ser, which show specific point mutations at the anticodons. These rather simple mutations, together with a low usage of the AGG codon, might explain the recurrence of the AGG reassignments.
Colonic Ulceration After Sodium Phosphate Bowel Preparation

TO THE EDITOR: We read with interest the article by Lederman and Crum (1) on pyogenic liver abscess with a focus on Klebsiella pneumoniae as a primary pathogen. Because a shift from Escherichia coli to K. pneumoniae has been present in the most common pathogen isolated from liver abscess patients in Asia (2), they examined the microbiologic trends of pyogenic liver abscess at a single U.S. hospital for the past 5 yr. They identified 20 cases of liver abscesses from their hospital records, and 6 of the 20 cases were K. pneumoniae liver abscess (KLA). K. pneumoniae was the most common organism isolated from pyogenic liver abscesses, surpassing the incidence of E. coli as a liver abscess pathogen. Although most patients with KLA have poorly controlled diabetes (3), only 2 of the 6 patients were diabetic in their series. Blood cultures grew K. pneumoniae in 5 of the 6 cases. We suspect that this low frequency of diabetic patients but high frequency of bacteremia can indicate the presence of other risk factors. In addition to diabetes, malignancy, cholelithiasis, and prior intra-abdominal surgery are risk factors for KLA (2). We reported a case of KLA accompanied by endophthalmitis and brain, and lung abscesses, in which colon cancer was subsequently disclosed in the absence of any gastrointestinal symptoms on admission (4). The liver abscess could result from K. pneumoniae bacteremia after the organism entered into the portal route from the surface of colon cancer. The mucosal disruption by colon cancer exposing the underlying blood vessels to the fecal flora can be the most likely mechanism of bacteremia (5). In their series, colonoscopy was performed only in 2 of the 6 cases with KLA, and revealed unremarkable findings. We therefore recommend that the isolation of K. pneumoniae from liver abscess needs further investigations of the gastrointestinal tract for the presence of occult neoplasms.
Shaping in Reinforcement Learning by Changing the Physics of the Problem

Children learn to ride a bicycle by using training wheels. They are actually trying to learn one task (riding without training wheels) by training another one. In general, solving a difficult problem can be facilitated by training other problems. This is the basic idea of shaping. It is essential to ensure that spending time on the modified task will help solving the original one. In this paper we prove that given a finite MDP with a limited reward signal andγ < 1, we are guaranteed that if a series of tasks converge to the original one then the optimal value function converges to the original one as well.
Facts and myths affecting software reuse

Discusses the three most important facts or myths affecting reuse. There is a great deal of misunderstanding about reuse in the software domain and it is difficult to pick out only three: there has been to much emphasis on the reuse of code; software reuse implies some form of modification of the artifact being reused; and software development processes do not explicitly support reuse, in fact they implicitly inhibit reuse. <<ETX>>
Diabetes Management and Hyperglycemia in Safety Sensitive Jobs

The chronic and acute effects of hyperglycemia affecting cognition and work are as important as those of hypoglycemia. Its impact, considering that majority of diabetic patients fail to reach therapeutic targets, would be potentially significant. Self monitoring of blood glucose, recognition of body cues and management interventions should be geared not only towards avoidance of disabling hypoglycemia, but also towards unwanted hyperglycemia. Over the long term, chronic hyperglycemia is a risk for cognitive decline. Acute episodes of hyperglycemia, above 15 mmol/L have also been shown to affect cognitive motor tasks. Maintaining blood sugar to avoid hyperglycemia in diabetic workers will help promote safety at work.
A hierarchical cloud architecture for integrated mobility, service, and trust management of service-oriented IoT systems

In this paper we propose a hierarchical cloud architecture for integrated mobility, service, and trust management of service-oriented Internet of Things (IoT) systems. This architecture supports scalability, reconfigurability, fault tolerance, and resiliency against cloud node failure and network disconnection, and can benefit both network operators and cloud service providers. In particular, leveraging this architecture we develop a cloud-based trust protocol to provide trustworthiness assessment of IoT devices. With air pollution detection as an example IoT application, we demonstrate that our cloud-based trust protocol built upon the proposed cloud hierarchy outperforms existing distributed IoT trust management protocols.
MEMS Variable Capacitor Actuated with an Electrically Floating Plate

A MEMS variable capacitor with a new actuation principle was proposed and demonstrated. It utilizes electrostatic actuation of an electrically floating plate, which is advantageous in terms of Q-factor by eliminating spring resistance in an RF signal path. We achieved a tuning ratio of 41% with the control voltage of 5.5 V and a measured Q of 26.7 at 5 GHz (C=0.37 pF), which showed 131% increment of the Q from the conventional tunable-gap capacitor.
Isolated node engineering of neuronal systems using laser direct write

Current limitations to the engineering of ex vivo and in vitro neural environments are hampering the ability to understand underlying neurophysiology. High levels of spatial specificity, reproducibility and viability have been previously reported using laser direct write (LDW) to print cells. However, despite the significant need no one has yet reported laser assisted printing of primary mammalian neuronal cells, an inherently sensitive but critically important population. Herein, we describe the use of LDW to reproducibly and accurately pattern viable dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and supportive cells capable of neural outgrowth and network formation. Our demonstrated ability to engineer and control distinct micro-environmental components unlocks the potential for high throughput experiments to both understand underlying physiology and investigate therapeutic interventions.