Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fate mapping study of the endoderm in the posterior part of the 1.5‐day‐old chick embryo

Various endodermal sites posterior to the caudal‐most somite were marked in ovo with the vital dye DiI, and the fate of marked endoderm was analyzed after 2 or 3 days’ reincubation. The endoderm in this area became gut epithelium posterior to the caudal jejunum and yolk sac. The area occupied by the cells that were to contribute to the dorsal part of the digestive tube lay centrally around the area overlaid by axial and paraxial mesoderm, with the preventral digestive area lying outside with considerable overlapping, which was surrounded by the preyolk sac area. During the formation of the posterior digestive tube, the endoderm was elongated anteroposteriorly to a considerable degree. Cells that contributed to the cloaca and those that produced descendants in the large intestine occupied similar areas posterior to the center of the sinus rhomboidalis, which were included in the pre‐ileal area extending more anteriorly. Prejejunal cells generally localized in a more anterior position than pre‐ileal cells. Pre‐allantoic cells were located in a rather small area around the posterior primitive streak.
Effect of Normalization of Hypometabolic State on Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and in Patients with Essential Hypertension *

ABSTRACT: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) manifest a hypothyroid state as evidenced by increased thyroid weight, an increased level of plasma thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and a decreased level of plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). In 18 patients with essential hypertension, plasma TSH, T4 and T3 concentrations were all within the normal range, but the T4 level was significantly lower than in the controls. Among 21 hypothyroid patients, 2 had essential hypertension. Administration of thyroid hormone brought the metabolic state to normal in SHR and in hypothyroid patients but failed to affect the blood pressure. It is suggested that abnormality of thyroid function is neither the cause nor the accentuating factor in the development of hypertension in SH rats and in man.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of a probe-fed rectangular DR antenna

A rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) is studied theoretically and experimentally. Both a conventional dielectric waveguide model (CDWM) and FEM are used to predict the resonance frequency, radiation patterns, directivity, e-factor and impedance bandwidth of the RDRA. The theoretical results are compared with those obtained experimentally.
L'avantage métropolitain

" La montee en puissance des regions urbaines va de pair avec l'affirmation d'une situation paradoxale. Les metropoles sont a la fois le produit et le moteur d'un capitalisme mondialise qui repose sur l'hypermobilite des capitaux, des idees et des personnes, et ce a un niveau probablement jamais atteint jusqu'alors. Mais elles sont aussi les espaces dans lesquels les tensions des societes contemporaines s'accumulent, depuis l'accroissement des inegalites sociales jusqu'a l'exacerbation de la pression sur l'environnement, depuis le mal-vivre ensemble jusqu'a la montee du sentiment d'insecurite. A mesure que le monde s'urbanise et que les megaregions urbaines s'imposent, les metropoles apparaissent a la fois comme l'avenir certain et comme une menace potentielle pour une planete aux ressources fragilisees et une humanite qui serait soumise aux forces aveugles de la mondialisation. Comme si les nouvelles modalites de l'economie contemporaine qui president a la formation des metropoles se faisaient forcement contre la societe. Sans verser dans une naivete mal a propos, faut-il accepter cette vision fataliste qui reconnait implicitement que l'economie fonctionne independamment du collectif que l'on designe sous le terme attrape-tout de " societe " ? L'avantage des metropoles est certes le resultat et le point de depart de reseaux de longue portee, lies a la mondialisation et aux multiples formes de division des tâches, notamment. Mais, loin d'etre l'enfant de la seule mondialisation, la metropole est aussi une construction permise, faconnee et regulee, avec plus ou moins de bonheur, on le sait, par des societes metropolitaines elles-memes actrices de ces reseaux. Il est legitime, voire urgent, de repenser notre avenir metropolitain a la lumiere de ce constat simple. " (Extrait de l'Avant-propos)
Are defects in energy expenditure involved in the causation of obesity?

This paper was commissioned by the Foresight programme of the Office of Science and Innovation, Department of Trade and Industry © 2007 Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO; published with permission Journal compilation © 2007 The International Association for the Study of Obesity. obesity reviews 8 (Suppl. 1) , 89–91 89 OnlineOpen: This article is available free online at www.blackwell-synergy.com Blackwell Publishing LtdOxford, UKOBRObesity Reviews1467-7881© 2007 Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO; published with permission; Journal compilation © 2007 The International Association for the Study of Obesity ? 2007 8 ••8991 Review Article Defects in energy expenditure A. Prentice
On Balls in a Hilbert Polygonal Geometry

Hilbert geometry is a metric geometry that extends the hyperbolic Cayley-Klein geometry. In this video, we explain the shape of balls and their properties in a convex polygonal Hilbert geometry. First, we study the combinatorial properties of Hilbert balls, showing that the shapes of Hilbert polygonal balls depend both on the center location and on the complexity of the Hilbert domain but not on their radii. We give an explicit description of the Hilbert ball for any given center and radius. We then study the intersection of two Hilbert balls. In particular, we consider the cases of empty intersection and internal/external tangencies. 1998 ACM Subject Classification I.3. 5 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
Cell–matrix interactions: focus on proteoglycan–proteinase interplay and pharmacological targeting in cancer

Proteoglycans are major constituents of extracellular matrices, as well as cell surfaces and basement membranes. They play key roles in supporting the dynamic extracellular matrix by generating complex structural networks with other macromolecules and by regulating cellular phenotypes and signaling. It is becoming evident, however, that proteolytic enzymes are required partners for matrix remodeling and for modulating cell signaling via matrix constituents. Proteinases contribute to all stages of diseases, particularly cancer development and progression, and contextually participate in either the removal of damaged products or in the processing of matrix molecules and signaling receptors. The dynamic interplay between proteoglycans and proteolytic enzymes is a crucial biological step that contributes to the pathophysiology of cancer and inflammation. Moreover, proteoglycans are implicated in the expression and secretion of proteolytic enzymes and often modulate their activities. In this review, we describe the emerging biological roles of proteoglycans and proteinases, with a special emphasis on their complex interplay. We critically evaluate this important proteoglycan–proteinase interactome and discuss future challenges with respect to targeting this axis in the treatment of cancer.
Representation Learning for Modeling and Control of Flexible Manipulators

Traditional rigid serial manipulators have a natural representation associated with them – namely the angles of all the joints in the robot arm. A complete framework that is built around this representation allows engineers to write down simple kinematic and dynamic equations for the robot. These equations enable robust control of rigid robot arms. In contrast, for flexible manipulators such as catheters, steerable needles, and active cannula, no general modeling and control framework exists. One limitation is the lack of a natural representation of these robots. In this work, we investigate learning a representation for flexible manipulators that may be useful for modeling and control of flexible manipulators.
A new cvSLAM exploiting a partially known landmark association

There are some situations in which the landmarks used in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) have their own classes and for ceiling view (CV)-based navigation, this is usually the case. Ceilings in the home or the office have circular landmarks, such as lamps, speakers, fire alarms, smoke alarms, and so on, but to our knowledge, their classes have not been fully exploited in the data association of SLAM. In this paper, a new SLAM method that exploits the class of the landmarks is proposed and is applied to ceiling view-based SLAM (cvSLAM). The fact that the landmark classification cannot always be correct is also taken into account in the new SLAM and is formulated in the FastSLAM framework. Finally, simulations and experiments are conducted and the validity of the proposed method is demonstrated.
GABA action in immature neocortical neurons directly depends on the availability of ketone bodies

In the early postnatal period, energy metabolism in the suckling rodent brain relies to a large extent on metabolic pathways alternate to glucose such as the utilization of ketone bodies (KBs). However, how KBs affect neuronal excitability is not known. Using recordings of single NMDA and GABA‐activated channels in neocortical pyramidal cells we studied the effects of KBs on the resting membrane potential (Em) and reversal potential of GABA‐induced anionic currents (EGABA), respectively. We show that during postnatal development (P3–P19) if neocortical brain slices are adequately supplied with KBs, Em and EGABA are both maintained at negative levels of about −83 and −80 mV, respectively. Conversely, a KB deficiency causes a significant depolarization of both Em (>5 mV) and EGABA (>15 mV). The KB‐mediated shift in EGABA is largely determined by the interaction of the NKCC1 cotransporter and Cl−/HCO3 transporter(s). Therefore, by inducing a hyperpolarizing shift in Em and modulating GABA signaling mode, KBs can efficiently control the excitability of neonatal cortical neurons.
Alcohol and Affect in Dyadic Social Interaction

&NA; The effects of alcohol on emotional behavior during social interaction were studied in an experiment utilizing unstructured discussions between male‐female couples. All subjects participated in an alcohol (1.0 ml/kg) and placebo session, and a small number took part in a third higher dose session (1.5 ml/kg). Quantitative and qualitative ratings of affect were made from the recorded interactions. Alcohol produced significant increases in the affects of elation—giddiness and happiness—and an overall increase in total emotional expression. Only some aspects of anxiety were affected by alcohol. Hostility and aggressiveness were not increased on two quantitative measures but showed a significant increase on qualitative scores in the low dose session. Although there was no consistent relationship between blood alcohol level and emotional response, drinking history significantly altered emotional response to alcohol (tolerance effects). The euphoric effects of alcohol that we found are discussed in terms of the unique aspects of the experimental situation employed. Some important variable are delineated that may influence responses to alcohol.
Biped walking and stairs climbing using reconfigurable adaptive motion primitives

Humans can reliably walk in dynamic and unstructured environments, simultaneously handle stairs and obstacles, as well as the transition from one gait to another. Despite the outstanding progress in the last decades, today's robots are still far from attaining that level of performance. This paper presents a new way of walk and stair climbing realization with a smooth transition between two types of gait. The gaits are composed of Reconfigurable Adaptive Motion Primitives (RAMPs), which serves as building blocks for any walking pattern. A human locomotion experiment is conducted to better understand how human approaches and positions the foot in front of the stairs with respect to the overall walk characteristics. These findings are used to compare the results of a simulation experiment with humanoid robot performing same locomotion as the human subject. It is shown that the robot's path or gait shape can be modified by the set of overall gait parameters that can be changed at any time instance. The robot can approach stairs with a variable number of half-steps, switch smoothly to stair climbing, and back to walking on flat surface, and modify walking speed and direction on-line as humans can do.
Oral IDN‐6556, an antiapoptotic caspase inhibitor, may lower aminotransferase activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Increased rates of apoptosis (programmed cell death) have been demonstrated in many hepatic diseases including chronic hepatitis C. IDN‐6556 is a potent inhibitor of caspases, the proteases that execute apoptosis. In a prior phase 1 study, IDN‐6556 lowered aminotransferase activity in a small number of patients with liver impairment. The purpose of this study was to further explore the effect of IDN‐6556 in patients with liver disease in a multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging study with a 14‐day dosing period. A total of 105 patients were enrolled in the study; 79 received active drug; 80 patients had chronic hepatitis C and 25 had other liver diseases including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatitis B, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). IDN‐6556 doses ranged from 5 mg to 400 mg daily, given from 1 to 3 times per day. In the HCV patients, all doses of IDN‐6556 significantly lowered ALT and AST (P = 0.0041 to P < 0.0001 for various dosing groups in Wilcoxon tests comparing IDN‐6556 to placebo), with the exception of the lowest dose. Declines in aminotransferase activity were also seen in patients with NASH but effects were not apparent in the small number of other liver diseases. Adverse experiences were not different between IDN‐6556 and placebo. There were no clinically meaningful changes in other laboratory parameters. In particular, mean HCV RNA levels did not show significant changes. Conclusion: Oral IDN‐6556, given for 14 days, significantly lowered aminotransferase activity in HCV patients and appeared to be well tolerated. Longer studies to assess potential effects of IDN‐6556 on liver inflammation and fibrosis are merited. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Differential Oncogene and TNF‐α mRNA Expression in Bone Marrow Cells from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients

The aim of the study was to investigate the bone marrow expression of genes involved in cell growth and apoptosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Spontaneous expression of bcl‐2, bax, c‐myc, c‐fos, c‐jun, p53, Fas and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α by bone marrow cells was measured using either semiquantitative or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in SLE patients (n = 8) and in eight normal control subjects. The expression of bcl‐2 was found to be higher in SLE patients than in controls. Bone marrow cells from SLE patients showed significant down‐regulation of bax, c‐myc, c‐fos and p53 (P ≤ 0.05), as compared to normal controls. In both SLE patients and controls the expression of c‐jun and Fas was very low or undetectable. Finally, TNF‐α gene expression was higher in bone marrow samples from SLE patients than in those of controls (P = 0.01). The abnormal expression of genes regulating cell growth and apoptosis in bone marrow cells from SLE patients may help explain the presence of autoreactive cells in secondary lymphoid organs and peripheral blood of SLE patients.
Effects of angiotensin II on the medullary neurons and their sensitivity to acetylcholine and catecholamines.

In order to elucidate the mechanism of the central hypertensive action of angiotensin II (ATII), the effects of ATII on the medullary neurons of rabbits were studied by the technique of electrophoretic application. ATII gave rise to excitatory effect on some neurons of medulla and this effect was antagonized by a specific ATII antagonist, 1-sarcosine-8-alanine-ATII. The ATII sensitive medullary neurons showed no specific response to acetylcholine, norepinephrine or isoproterenol, but there was a significant increase in the excitatory response to norepinephrine in comparison with the ATII non-sensitive neurons. The excitatory effect of ATII was not blocked by atropine, phentolamine and propranolol. The ATII sensitive neurons in the medulla apparently do not have a topograhically or functionally characteristic distribution related to the central vasomotor control mechanisms. The neurons in the area postrema did not respond to electrophoretically applied ATII, while microinjection of ATII in this region produced remarkable hypertensive responses. These results suggest that the mechanism of the central hypertensive action of ATII administered into the vertebral artery is primarily mediated by the chemoreception of the area postrema. The mechanism of central cardiovascular effect of ATII and of the effects of acetylcholine and catecholamines on the medullary neurons are discussed.
Soft bits based fading correction for coded Physical Layer Network Coding

This paper investigates a novel fading correction scheme for coded Physical Layer Network Coding (PLNC) on the two-way relay channel (TWRC). Two different Soft Demodulators for QPSK modulated PLNC are adaptively selected by the relay according to relative fading factor. The relative fading factor can be treated as a correction factor which will be included in the Complementary Side Information (C-SI) at the destination nodes. The corrected soft information is then extracted and fed into channel decoder. Improved throughput is thus achieved.
Analysis of a wavelet-based watermarking algorithm

The analysis of a wavelet-based watermarking algorithm is presented, in which the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used for watermark embedding and detection. In the image compression field, the relationship between DWT coefficients and the human visual system (HVS) is researched intensively to get better compression performance. Recently, this knowledge has been applied to watermarking algorithms based in the DWT domain. The watermarking algorithm analyzed is adaptive to image characteristics, such as texture and luminance content, and it is realized using pixel by pixel masking in the DWT domain to embed the watermark with maximum energy. The detection process consists of cross-correlation between the marked image and pseudorandom sequences, and, in this process, the original image is not required. Computer simulation results show the robustness and perceptual invisibility of the algorithm.
Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Transverse Colon: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Gastrointestinal involvement by malignant melanoma is predominantly a metastatic phenomenon. Although primary malignant melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract has been documented in the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and anorectum, the incidence of primary melanoma of the colon is rare and remains controversial in most cases. We present a case of solitary malignant melanoma of the transverse colon occurring in a 64-year-old African American male patient. Complete dermatologic and ophthalmologic examinations revealed no evidence of a cutaneous or an ocular primary lesion. Microscopic examination of the resection specimen revealed malignant melanoma, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical positivity for S100 and melan-A. We believe that this tumor represents a primary colonic malignant melanoma.
Robust stability of single input fuzzy system for control of industrial plants with time delay

Most industrial plants are complex, nonlinear, time-varying with time delay, difficult to control. The single input fuzzy controllers (SI FCs) are promising in satisfying the high performance demands to the control systems of such plants and ensuring the fuzzy system stability, coping with system nonlinearity, plant model uncertainty and SI FC design. The aim of the present investigation is to derive robust stability requirements for an incremental PI-like SI FC closed loop system that serve the development of a SI FC design method for the control of industrial plants with time delay and model uncertainty. The main contributions are: 1) modification of the Popov stability approach to study the SI FC system stability and to derive design rules; 2) derivation of robust stability criterion for a SI FC system and on its basis development of a SI FC tuning algorithm. The results are applied for the stabilisation of the air temperature in a furnace using MATLAB™. The advantages of the designed SI FC system are assessed in comparison with ordinary PI control system via simulations. The SI FC system preserves stability for a great range of plant uncertainties. The tradeoff is longer settling time of the nominal system transient responses.
Multiscale Porous Interconnected Nanocolander Network with Tunable Transport Properties

A nanocolander network is developed by embedding mesoporous block copolymers inside the structural frame of a macroporous inverse-opal structure. Spontaneously formed macroconduits interconnecting the macropores are utilized as internal bypasses for enhancing the bulk transport properties. A demonstrative application for the membrane of the nanocolander network is of perfect size-selectivity for nanoparticle separation without compromising the high permeability of the transporting medium.
Brain abscess due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

INFECTION IN MAN by actinobacillosis has recently been described.l. 2 This is the first report of a cerebral abscess caused by actinobacillus and affords opportunity for pathological study of this infection involving brain. The causative organism, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, is an obscure, gram-negative aerobic bacillus which was first found in 1912 together with Actinomyces israelii in human actinomycosis.l Classified under Brucellaceae, a family which also includes Pasteurella, Haemophilus, and Brucella, the genus Actinobacillus is formed around the type species Actinobacillus lignieresii, an organism originally cultured from bovine actinomycosis in 1902.3 Distinction between A. actinomycetemcomitans and A. lignieresii cannot be made from the original descriptions, since only crude characteristics were specified, and the precise status of earlier reports is unknown.
Treatment Options for Patients with Alzheimer ’ s Disease in Mexico : Findings from the Mexican Group of Specialists in Dementia Survey

Objective: To gain knowledge of the main drug therapy options for Alzheimer’s disease in Mexico, whether or not they are being used properly according to findings in international literature. Design, patients and settings: Patients with objective memory impairment were subject to a clinical survey in medical centers specialized in memory loss. Each patient’s consultation was conducted like a routine clinical practice. Patients’ data was recorded using an anonymous patient survey. The most commonly used cognitive impairment related drugs were recorded as well as their combination and lack of its use. Results: Thirty-four centers and 42 investigators participated in the study. A total of 1350 patients were included, 41.48% (n=560) of the total were diagnosed with AD, 85.54% (n=479) of these patients received a cognitive impairment related therapy from which 45.72% (n=219) received an Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor: 21.71% (n=104) received Rivastigmine, 13.78% (n=66) received Donepezil and 10.23% (n=36.53) received Galantamine; finally 36.53% (n=175) received Memantine. Combinations were found in 17.75% (n=85) of the patients. Conclusion: Ache as a group has become the backbone of AD’s treatment, whether they are used unique therapy or as a combined treatment with other types of drugs, they offer cognitive impairment delay when used properly (this including correct dosage, combinations and initiation of treatment). Meantime has positioned itself as the prime option for combined therapy among Mexican patients with AD.