Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced neutral invertase activity in the culm tissues of transgenic sugarcane plants results in a decrease in respiration and sucrose cycling and an increase in the sucrose to hexose ratio.

Transgenic sugarcane plants (Saccharum officinarum L. interspecific hybrids) were regenerated from previously described cell lines with reduced neutral invertase (NI) activity. The effects that were observed in the differentiated culm tissues at different stages of maturity paralleled those observed across the growth cycle of the suspension cultures. Reduced NI activity correlated with an increase in sucrose and a decrease in hexose levels. However, the magnitude of the reduction in enzyme activity and the accompanying changes in carbohydrate metabolism were not as pronounced as in the suspension cultures. Feeding experiments with radio-labelled fructose provided evidence that the cycling of sucrose as well as the total respiration rate correlated directly with NI activity. Sucrose synthase activity was upregulated in the transgenic plants, possibly to compensate for the reduction in invertase activity. Despite this partial compensation, the respiratory rates of the transgenic lines were still significantly lower than those of the untransformed control lines. This study clearly demonstrates the importance of NI in directing carbon towards respiratory processes in the sugarcane culm. In addition, this is the first report in which data obtained from genetically modified sugarcane suspension cell cultures and their regenerated, whole-plant counterparts are compared. The observed correlations support the use of cell cultures as a model system for sugarcane internodes, which could significantly accelerate reverse genetic studies on sugarcane carbohydrate metabolism in the future.
Spacing and Competition in Natural Stands of Sand Pine

Spacing studies of many even—aged, pure stands of sand pine of various age classes using nearest neighbor distances show that most stands under 23 years old are either aggregated or essentially randomly distributed. Most stands 23 or more years old show significant to highly significant departures toward regular spacing. Information regarding the severity and duration of maximal intraspecific competition between the trees was obtained by measuring nearest neighbor distances to all pines, dead or alive. departure towards more even spacing was shown in nearly every stand when only live trees of the same quadrat were considered. Only stands showing maximal intraspecific competition–those showing a considerable number of dead trees–were studied. In an aggregate stand which showed marked trunk divergence from the center of clumps, distances were measured in the same sample both at breast height and at ground level. The difference in apparent spacing proved highly significant–the breast height measurements being essentially random, the ground level ones highly aggregate. A marked thinning of the understory herbs and shrubs appeared correlated with longer maximal intraspecific competition in one portion of a stand than in another part of the same stand with a dense understory. Correlations between the sum of the squared diameters of nearest neighbors and the distance between them proved positive at the 1% level in three stands, positive at the 5% level in three, and so weakly positive in three as to have little significance. Correlation coefficients were only weakly consistent with stand age, the older stands tending to have the higher correlations.
Antioxidant and Prooxidant Activities of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) Extract in Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation

Spray-dried elderberry juice, containing high amounts of anthocyanin glucosides, was investigated for its antioxidant and prooxidant potentials and mechanisms. A strong, concentration-dependent prolongation of the lag phase of copper-induced oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was found, but the maximum oxidation rate was unchanged. Peroxyl-radical-driven LDL oxidation showed both prolongation of lag time and reduction of maximum oxidation rate. In the case of copper-mediated oxidation, the anthocyanins were able to reduce α-tocopheroxyl radical to α-tocopherol. Clear prooxidant activity in copper-mediated oxidation was observed, depending on the time of addition of extract: whenever the extract was present from the beginning or added within the first 10 min, the antioxidant effect prevailed. Addition at later times led to a considerable reduction of lag phase and increase of maximum oxidation rate. No such effect was found in peroxyl-radical-mediated LDL oxidation; on the contrary, the extr.
Effects of various receptor antagonists on the peripheral antinociceptive activity of aqueous extracts of Dicranopteris linearis, Melastoma malabathricum and Bauhinia purpurea leaves in mice

The present study aimed to determine the possible mechanisms of the peripheral antinociception of the aqueous extracts of Dicranopteris linearis (AEDL), Melastoma malabathricum (AEMM) and Bauhinia purpurea (AEBP) leaves in mice. Briefly, the antinociceptive profile of each extract (300, 500, and 1000 ㎎/㎏; subcutaneous (s.c.)), was established using the abdominal constriction test. A single dose (500 ㎎/㎏) of each extract (s.c.) was pre-challenged for 10 min with various pain receptors’ antagonists or pain mediators’ blockers and 30 min later subjected to the antinociceptive assay to determine the possible mechanism(s) involved. Based on the results obtained, all extracts exerted significant (p 1A , dopaminergic receptors).
Dependency of Cytoplasmic Streaming on Intracellular ATP and Mg2+ Concentrations

The rate of cytoplasmic streaming (v) was measured with reference to intracellular ATP and Mg2+ concentrations in tonoplast-free cells prepared by replacing the cell sap with EGTA-containing medium. The relation of v versus [ATP]i was a rectangular hyperbola. The ATP concentration for half saturation of v was 0.08 mM in Nitella axillaris and 0.06 mM in Chara corallina. From the results it is concluded that ATP is saturated for cytoplasmic streaming in normal cells, since the ATP concentration in the normal cytoplasm is about 0.5 mM. The relation between [Mg2+]i and v differed from that between [ATP]i and v. Stable cytoplasmic streaming was observed only when [Mg2+]i was equal to or higher than [ATP]i. The inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming by depletion of ATP was completely reversible but that by depletion of Mg2+ was irreversible. ADP supported streaming. This may be explained by assuming that ATP was synthesized from ADP by the action of adenyl kinase in the cell. The motive force of cytoplasmic streaming in Characeae cells is generated at the boundary between the stationary cortical gel layer and the mobile sol endoplasm (the sol-gel interface). The nature of the motive force is a shearing force produced by the organized gel surface and the sol phase (6). Bundles of microfilaments situated at the surface of the gel phase are assumed to be the component responsible for the generation of the motive force (4, 5, 12). The filament binds rabbit muscle heavy meromyosin in arrowhead arrays, which indicates that the filaments are F-actin (14, 15, 23). The relationship between the direction of the arrowheads and that of cytoplasmic streaming has also been clarified (9). Chen and Kamiya (2), and Kuroda and Kamiya (11) showed evidence suggesting that another (putative) component, myosin, is localized in the sol layer. Kato and Tonomura (8) purified myosin from Nitella flexillis. The so-called cell model is a suitable system for determining the mechanism of cell motility ; including muscle contraction (19), flagella and cilia movements (1, 13), amoeboid movement (18), movement of myxomycete plasmodium (7) and egg cleavage (10). Williamson (24) removed tonoplasts by perfusing the vacuole rapidly with a medium containing EGTA, a Ca2+-chelator. Tazawa, Kikuyama and Shimmen (21) a) Present address : Department of Botany , Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113, Japan b) Abbreviations: ADP , adenosine-5'-diphosphoric acid; AMP, adenosine-5'-monophosphoric acid; ATP, adenosine-5'-triphosphoric acid ; CyDTA, cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid ; EGTA, glycoletherdiamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid; PEP, phosphoenol pyruvic acid
GENDER RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY: AN ANALYSIS OF PSYCHO-DIAGNOSTIC TOOLKIT

Today, various methods and techniques are widely used in the field of gender studies, the choice of which is determined by the scientist's belonging to a particular school and field of knowledge. In particular, psychological science has received a theoretical basis and practical discoveries that have been implemented in the framework of anthropology and history (rethinking anthropocentrism), economic theory (the feminization of poverty, economic dependence of women, etc.), culturology (cultural gender stereotyping), sociology (gender as a social construct), feminism (fighting for equality), philosophy (rethinking the concept of androcentrism). The current state of psychological research in the field of gender issues has a significant imbalance: a huge amount of theoretical background, and a rather limited psycho-diagnostic toolkit. By psycho-diagnostic tools we mean standardized techniques (tests, questionnaires) that can be used to identify certain or other gender characteristics of a person. Among the standardized and long-used methods that can be used in the study of gender issues are the following: Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI), Implicit Association Test (IAT), Gender Bias Quiz. Today, the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) questionnaire is designated as determining the psychological gender of a person. The method contains 60 questions and consists of three blocks of 20 questions that determine whether a person belongs to one of the three types of psychological gender: 1) psychological male (masculine type); 2) psychological female (feminine type); 3) psychological gender, which harmoniously combines the classic «male» and» female « manifestations is labeled as androgyny [1]. S. Bem also identified a category of people who showed poorly expressed traits on each of the scales (masculinity-femininity), which psychologist described this variant as «undifferentiated» psychological gender [1]. Therefore, this technique allows us to determine how a person identifies himself/herself psychologically, and not just at the level of biological sex.
Natal dispersal and philopatry in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster): settlement, survival, and potential reproductive success

We analyzed the costs and benefits of natal dispersal and philopatry in a free-living population of the prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster, in which 70% of the males and 75% of the females were philopatric. Rather than settling into a nest, 40% of male dispersers continued to wander throughout the study area, while only 13% of female dispersers did so. Whereas males were more likely to wander in spring-early autumn during low density periods, females were more likely to wander during spring-early autumn, irrespective of population density. Of those animals that settled into a nest, females were more likely than males to settle as single individuals. Same-sex siblings that dispersed commonly joined the same social group. Although often settling within 5 m of each other, opposite- sex siblings that dispersed never joined the same social group or formed a male-female pair. Total length of life was longer for males and females that dispersed than for those that remained at the natal nest. Animals survived lon.
Game Control Methods Comparison when Avoiding Collisions with Multiple Objects Using Radar Remote Sensing

This article formulates the concept of games in the field of process control theory in marine sciences and reviews the literature on the possible applications of games. The possible types of game control processes for moving objects are presented. A computer-aided object safe control in the game environment, with an appropriate steering system, is described based on radar remote sensing in order to avoid collisions with many other objects that are encountered. First, the basic model of object movement in the game environment is presented as a differential game with many objects, described by appropriate game state equations, state and steering restrictions, and a quality control index in the form of an integral and final payment of the game. Next, the surrogate models of the differential game are described in detail for the development of practical computer control programs using positional and matrix game models. Particular attention, in each type of game, is paid to the aspect of cooperation or lack of cooperation between objects in making maneuvering decisions. A computer simulation illustrates these considerations with game control programs at a sea-crossing situation where multiple objects were encountered. Safe object trajectories are compared using two methods of game control using positional and matrix game models while also considering cases with cooperation or non-cooperation of objects.
Effect of sowing time on growth, yield and water-use of rain-fed wheat in the Wimmera, Vic.

Crops of wheat (Triticurn aestivum cv. Olympic) were sown after a 10-month fallow at three times in both 1979 and 1980 in the Wimmera district of Victoria. Total above-ground plant material (biomass) and soil water content were measured for each crop at monthly intervals from sowing to anthesis and thereafter every 2 weeks. The duration of the phenophase, sowing to anthesis, varied from 88 to 163 days, but the maximum difference between anthesis date for the early (May) and late (August) sown crops was only 21 days. The duration of this phenophase was best described by a photothermal unit of 6846 day-degree-hours (>2OC, >6 h). The pattern of biomass accumulation varied markedly between crops, with biomass ranging from 9 to 13 t ha-' and yield between 3 and 4 t ha-'. Total wateruse efficiency in the production of biomass to anthesis ranged from 30.5 to 19.8 kg ha-' mm-' and in the seasonal production of grain from 8.6 to 6.6 kg ha-' mm-'. Whilst the data include only one early sown crop, it was possible to identify an optimum balance between pre- and post-anthesis growth in crops sown in June to produce 9 t ha-' of biomass at anthesis in early November, a yield sink of 12500 grains m-2 and in the 2 years of the experiment a grain yield of 4 t ha-'.
LITERACY WITHOUT BORDERS: THE FINE-GRAINED MINUTIAE OF SOCIAL INTERACTION THAT DO MATTER (ALSO IN PROMOTING HEALTH LITERACY)

This paper explores the fine-grained interactional minutiae involved in promoting health literacy in medical interactions. More specifically, it explores the multimodal interactional resources (verbal and nonverbal) that health professionals and lay participants mobilize in order to make sense of fetal ultrasound images. We adopt the ethnomethodological perspective of Multimodal Conversation Analysis (SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974; GOODWIN, 1981; 2010; MONDADA, 2018) to investigate 10 audio and video interactions that were recorded during fetal ultrasound exams that took place at a moderate and high-risk pregnancy ward in a public hospital in Brazil. Our aim is to ‘make visible’ the multimodal ethnomethods that interactants employ in order to render ultrasound images intelligible ‘texts’. Among the various semiotic resources mobilized to achieve intersubjectivity in this complex setting, special focus is given to the healthcare professionals’ use of similes, and the fundamental importance of the temporality in which verbal and nonverbal resources are mobilized in the process of making images intelligible. In that sense, we hope to bring to this special thematic issue the methodological advantages that a Multimodal Conversation Analytic perspective can afford to the discussion about multiliteracies and, in practical terms, to the advancement of health literacy. In medical contexts, health literacy can (and perhaps should! ) be a concern ‘at all points. ’ There might be no ‘borders’ to what constitutes a health literacy source or resource. Our claims, thus, * Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Unisinos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. aco@unisinos.br Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9017-6314 ** Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, IFSul, Campus Farroupilha, RS, Brazil. mineia.frezza@ farroupilha.ifrs. edu.br Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-898X *** Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, UFES, Vitória, ES, Brazil. robertoperobelli@gmail.com Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8130-1061 are the following: (i) ultrasound images do constitute materials to be ‘read’ and understood – also by lay participants; (ii) healthcare professionals can (and perhaps should) promote health literacy among patients by employing efforts to make images ‘readable’; and, finally, (iii) social interaction is one of the constitutive loci for the promotion of multiliteracy events.
Fragmentation of Australian rangelands: processes, benefits and risks of changing patterns of land use

Pastoral development of Australian rangelands has been accompanied by fragmentation of land use, which has changed the scale at which humans and livestock access patchily-distributed resources in landscapes. These changes have tended to be targeted towards achieving narrowly defined policy or land management objectives, and have ignored the broader consequences for land use. We describe the processes of rangeland fragmentation, the factors that have driven these changing patterns of land use, and current trends towards enterprise consolidation and intensification, which continue to reshape the way humans and livestock use rangelands. Although there is growing interest in intensified systems of rangeland management, some of the benefits are uncertain, and there are several risks that serve as a caution against overoptimism: (i) intensification involves multiple simultaneous changes to enterprise operations and the benefits and trade offs of each component need to be better understood; (ii) if intensification proceeds without addressing constraints to implementing these management options sustainably then overutilisation and degradation of rangelands is likely to occur; (iii) further fragmentation of rangelands (from increased internal fencing) could compromise potential benefits derived from landscape heterogeneity in connected landscapes. Adaptation by the pastoral industry continues to reshape the use of rangelands. A broad-based approach to changes in land use that incorporates risks together with expected benefits during initial planning decisions would contribute to greater resilience of rangeland enterprises.
Development and Psychometric Validation of a Questionnaire to Evaluate Knowledge and Attitude Towards Medication Error Reporting Among Pharmacists

Purpose Assessment of medication errors (ME) is crucial to improving the quality of health care. A questionnaire that can be used to explore pharmacists’ perspectives regarding ME would be very useful as part of an ongoing process of quality improvement in patient care. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure perceived causes of ME and attitude towards ME reporting among pharmacists. Methods The questionnaire was developed from the literature together with outcomes from focus group discussions. It was divided into two domains which are knowledge on ME and attitude towards ME reporting. Content validity index (I-CVI), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to assess test–retest reliability were obtained during the validation process. Results Overall Cronbach alpha for internal consistency was good (0.742), where subscale of the questionnaire demonstrated adequate internal consistency, with Cronbach alpha value 0.83 for knowledge and 0.70 for reporting behaviour attitude. The I-CVI showed good scores (knowledge=0.88) and (attitude=0.81), while ICC was moderately accepted with a value of 0.77. Two factors were extracted from the 16 items in EFA. Conclusion The questionnaire to assess knowledge on ME and attitude towards ME reporting among pharmacists is valid and reliable. It demonstrates good psychometric properties.
Butterfly wing architectures inspire sensor and energy applications

Abstract Natural biological systems are constantly developing efficient mechanisms to counter adverse effects of increasing human population and depleting energy resources. Their intelligent mechanisms are characterized by the ability to detect changes in the environment, store and evaluate information, and respond to external stimuli. Bio-inspired replication into man-made functional materials guarantees enhancement of characteristics and performance. Specifically, butterfly architectures have inspired the fabrication of sensor and energy materials by replicating their unique micro/nanostructures, light-trapping mechanisms and selective responses to external stimuli. These bio-inspired sensor and energy materials have shown improved performance in harnessing renewable energy, environmental remediation and health monitoring. Therefore, this review highlights recent progress reported on the classification of butterfly wing scale architectures and explores several bio-inspired sensor and energy applications.
From Centralized Systems to Distributed 5G-Enabled Manufacturing

The landscape of centralized cloud computing is now changing to distributed and decentralized clouds with promising impacts on energy consumption, resource availability, resilience, and customer experience. This research highlights the impacts of emerging IT trends, namely, 5G wireless technology, blockchain, and industrial Artificial Intelligence (AI) in development and realization of the next generation of cloud computing. Integration of these technologies in cyber-physical system and cloud manufacturing paradigms is explained and a unified edge-fog-cloud architecture is proposed for successful implementation in manufacturing systems.