Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secondary Conditions of the Musculoskeletal System in Adolescents and Adults with Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disability that affects individuals throughout their lifespan. Adolescents and adults with CP are at risk for many secondary conditions that cause a loss of function and deterioration of quality of life. This article presents a review of the literature of musculoskeletal conditions of people with CP that can develop or worsenacross the lifespan as a consequence of the primary neuromotor impairments. Health care behaviors of adolescents and adults with CP are discussed and their impact on secondary conditions is examined. Suggestions for how pediatric occupational therapists and physical therapists can assist children and adolescents to take responsibility for their own health and wellbeing are presented. Lastly, occupational therapists and physical therapists are encouraged to take responsibility for treating musculoskeletal impairments and disabilities in adults with CP.
Invariants and $K$-spectrums of local theta lifts

Abstract Let $(G,G^{\prime })$ be a type I irreducible reductive dual pair in Sp$(W_{\mathbb{R}})$. We assume that $(G,G^{\prime })$ is in the stable range where $G$ is the smaller member. Let $K$ and $K^{\prime }$ be maximal compact subgroups of $G$ and $G^{\prime }$ respectively. Let $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{k}\bigoplus \mathfrak{p}$ and $\mathfrak{g}^{\prime }=\mathfrak{k}^{\prime }\bigoplus \mathfrak{p}^{\prime }$ be the complexified Cartan decompositions of the Lie algebras of $G$ and $G^{\prime }$ respectively. Let $\widetilde{K}$ and $\widetilde{K}^{\prime }$ be the inverse images of $K$ and $K^{\prime }$ in the metaplectic double cover $\widetilde{\text{Sp}}(W_{\mathbb{R}})$ of Sp$(W_{\mathbb{R}})$. Let ${\it\rho}$ be a genuine irreducible $(\mathfrak{g},\widetilde{K})$-module. Our first main result is that if ${\it\rho}$ is unitarizable, then except for one special case, the full local theta lift ${\it\rho}^{\prime }={\rm\Theta}({\it\rho})$ is equal to the local theta lift ${\it\theta}({\it\rho})$. Thus excluding the special case, the full theta lift ${\it\rho}^{\prime }$ is an irreducible and unitarizable $(\mathfrak{g}^{\prime },\widetilde{K}^{\prime })$-module. Our second main result is that the associated variety and the associated cycle of ${\it\rho}^{\prime }$ are the theta lifts of the associated variety and the associated cycle of the contragredient representation ${\it\rho}^{\ast }$ respectively. Finally we obtain some interesting $(\mathfrak{g},\widetilde{K})$-modules whose $\widetilde{K}$-spectrums are isomorphic to the spaces of global sections of some vector bundles on some nilpotent $K_{\mathbb{C}}$-orbits in $\mathfrak{p}^{\ast }$.
Combination radionuclide therapy using 177Lu- and 90Y-labeled somatostatin analogs.

UNLABELLED Peptide receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy of somatostatin receptor-expressing tumors is a promising application of radiolabeled somatostatin analogs. Suitable radionuclides are (90)Y, a pure, high-energy beta-emitter (2.27 MeV), and (177)Lu, a medium-energy beta-emitter (0.5 MeV) with a low-abundance gamma. METHODS Lewis rats, each bearing both a small (approximately 0.5 cm(2)) and a large (7-9 cm(2)) somatostatin receptor-positive rat pancreatic CA20948 tumor in their flanks, were used. We investigated the radiotherapeutic effects of [(90)Y-tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA),Tyr(3)]octreotide, [(90)Y-DOTA,Tyr(3)]octreotate, [(177)Lu-DOTA,Tyr(3)]octreotate, and the combination of (90)Y- and (177)Lu-labeled analogs at the same tumor radiation dose (60 Gy). RESULTS Radiotherapeutic effects of the (90)Y- and (177)Lu-labeled analogs were found in the rat tumor model. In these animals bearing tumors of different sizes, the antitumor effects of the combination of 50% (177)Lu- plus 50% (90)Y-analogs were superior to those in animals treated with either (90)Y- or (177)Lu- analog alone. In smaller tumors, the (90)Y radiation energy was not completely absorbed in the tumor, whereas in larger tumors the increased number of clonogenic tumor cells at the fixed level of absorbed dose may account for the failure of (177)Lu alone to go completely into remission. CONCLUSION This study shows the superior antitumor effects of the combination of (177)Lu- and (90)Y-somatostatin analogs when compared with either (90)Y- or (177)Lu-analog alone in animals bearing tumors of various sizes.
Topological localization of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2.

BACKGROUND Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily and forms stable complexes with urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA). uPA can be found on the cell surface attached to its specific receptor (uPAR), allowing for controlled degradation of the extracellular matrix by the activation of plasminogen into plasmin. The aim of this study was to evaluate if PAI-2 could also be detected on the cell surface, providing a means of regulating the activity of cell surface uPA. METHODS Intact or permeabilized cell lines or human peripheral blood leukocytes were assayed by flow cytometry for cell surface uPA or PAI-2. Plasma membrane-enriched preparations prepared from Jurkat, HaCaT, THP-1, U937, or MM6 cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blotting for PAI-2 antigen. RESULTS By flow cytometry, cell surface PAI-2 was not detected on monocytes from human peripheral blood, MM6, or HaCaT cells. Cell surface PAI-2 was only detected very weakly on the surface of U937 cells. In contrast, PAI-2 could be detected in all of these cells when fixed and permeabilized. By ELISA, PAI-2 was very abundant in the cytosol-enriched preparations of U937, MM6, and HaCaT cells, but was present in lower amounts in the plasma membrane-enriched preparations. By Western blotting, monomeric nonglycosylated PAI-2, but not uPA/PAI-2 complexes, could be detected in the cytosol and plasma membrane-enriched preparations. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PAI-2 cannot be detected on the surface of PAI-2-expressing cells, and confirm that PAI-2 is predominantly a cytosolic protein.
Creating a Concept Inventory - Lessons Learned

A concept inventory (CI) is an instrument in educational assessment that can help identify conceptual understanding and identify common misconceptions among students. Since the development of the first concept inventory (the Force Concept Inventory in Physics education), a number of other instruments have been created in a variety STEM topics. For example, there are currently concept inventories in thermodynamics, heat transfer, and statics. The use of concept inventories has spurred educational reform in a wide range of settings and have also been used in course development to identify potential topics for inclusion and to aid in assessment of course outcomes. This paper describes the lessons learned through the development of a concept inventory for engineering graphics.
Overview with details for exploring geo-located graphs on maps

Geo-located graph drawings often suffer from map visualization problems, such as overplotting of nodes as well as edges and location of parts of the graph being outside of the screen. One cause of these problems is often an irregular distribution of nodes on the map. Zooming and panning do not solve the problems, as they either only show the overview of the whole graph or only the details of a part of the graph. We present an interactive graph drawing technique that overcomes these problems without affecting the overall geographical structure of the graph. First, we introduce a method that uses insets to visualize details of small or remote areas. Second, to prevent the subgraphs within insets from overplotting and edge crossing, we introduce a local area re-arrangement. Moreover, insets are automatically drawn/hidden and repositioned in accordance with the user’s navigation. We test our technique on real-world geo-located graph data and show the effectiveness of our approach for showing overview and details at the same time. Additionally, we report on expert feedback concerning our approach.
Long-term effects of intravitreal injection of GMP-grade bone-marrow-derived CD34+ cells in NOD-SCID mice with acute ischemia-reperfusion injury.

PURPOSE To determine long-term safety of intravitreal administration of good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade human bone-marrow-derived CD34(+) cells in NOD-SCID (nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency) mice with acute retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, a model for retinal vasculopathy. METHOD Acute ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in the right eye of adult NOD-SCID mice (n = 23) by transient elevation of intraocular pressure. Seven days later, 12 injured eyes and 5 normal contralateral eyes were injected each intravitreally with 5 × 10(4) CD34(+) cells isolated under GMP conditions from a healthy human donor bone marrow using an immunomagnetic cell isolation system. The remaining 11 injured eyes were not treated and served as controls. Mice were euthanized 1 day, 4 months, and 8 months later. Both eyes were enucleated and examined by immunohistochemical analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Among mice followed for 8 months, electroretinography (ERG) was performed on both eyes before euthanization. All major organs were examined grossly and histologically after serial sectioning. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining 4 months after injection showed detectable CD34(+) cells in the retinal vasculature. ERG at 8 months after CD34(+) cell injection showed signals that were similar in untreated eyes. Histology of the enucleated eyes injected with CD34(+) cells showed no intraocular tumor or abnormal tissue growth after 8 months. Histologic analysis of all major organs showed no abnormal proliferation of human cells. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal administration of GMP-grade human bone-marrow-derived CD34(+) cells appears to be well tolerated long-term in eyes with acute retinal ischemic injury. A clinical trial will start to further explore this therapy.
Energy Management of AC–DC Hybrid Distribution Systems Considering Network Reconfiguration

This paper proposes a two-stage energy management scheme (EMS) for AC–DC hybrid smart distribution systems (DSs). The proposed EMS is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem to minimize the DS operation costs and energy losses. The proposed EMS is achieved in two stages. In the first stage, a network reconfiguration algorithm determines the optimal day-ahead reconfiguration schedule for a hybrid DS. In the second stage, a real-time optimal power flow algorithm determines the real-time operational schedule of the energy resources. This paper also introduces a new linearized power flow model for AC–DC hybrid DSs. This new model facilitates the formulation of the first-stage algorithm as a mixed-integer linear programming problem and the formulation of the second-stage algorithm as a linear programming problem. The proposed two-stage EMS was tested on a case study of a hybrid DS that included different types of loads and distributed generators. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed EMS: the optimal day-ahead reconfiguration schedule was successfully obtained in the first stage, and the proper and optimal real-time operation was achieved in the second stage.
Clinical assessment of wave reflection.

To the Editor: In their paper on wave reflection, Millasseau et al1 questioned whether quantification of wave reflection phenomena required synthesis of the ascending aortic waveform from the radial pulse through use of a generalized transfer function, or whether similar information could be extracted directly from the radial pulse. We had introduced the SphygmoCor™ system, not only to study central hemodynamics, but also because we could not reliably or consistently identify evidence of wave reflection on the falling systolic limb of the radial waveform. Problems were most commonly encountered when augmentation was low, or wave reflection came late (young persons), or was reduced by vasodilator therapy, or when heart rate was fast and augmentation obscured by the cardiac incisura. By generating aortic pressure, we sought to eliminate the effects of wave reflection within the upper limb so that we could determine effects of reflection from all parts of the body on aortic pressure throughout systole and on left ventricular load. The validity of this system has been confirmed,2 as has its reproducibility.3 Absolute synthesized values are …
ESTUDO SISTEMATIZADO PARA SELEÇÃO DE TERMOS DE BUSCA PARA PROPAGAÇÃO VEGETATIVA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR

As tecnicas de propagacao de cana-de-acucar nos ultimos anos vem direcionando seus esforcos de pesquisa para ampliar a producao de mudas, os quais sao registrados em documentos cientificos e tecnicos. Entretanto, nao existe uma metodologia sistematizada para a recuperacao destas informacoes que possam subsidiar pesquisas futuras. Neste sentido, o foco deste trabalho e estudar a utilizacao de termos de busca para o levantamento bibliografico sobre tecnologias de propagacao vegetativa da cana-de-acucar e especies similares de forma sistematica. A metodologia se baseou em oito etapas, utilizando o Agrovoc para levantamento de palavras chaves e tecnicas de avaliacao da efetividade dos termos nos documentos recuperados. Os resultados permitiram identificar que os termos plant” e “seed” sao mais precisos que “vegetative” e “propagation” nas bases da Web of Science, Scopus e Derwent Innovation Index, com maior destaque para a Scopus. Estudos futuros permitirao compreender se estes resultados refletem o estado de desenvolvimento tecnologico da propagacao vegetativa da cana-de-acucar.
The choice of fat-free vs. regular-fat fudge: the effects of liking for the alternative and the restraint status

Non-restrained and restrained American women (N=157) chose a portion of a fat-free or regular-fat hot fudge, to be eaten on a portion of fat-free or regular-fat (depending on the experimental condition) ice cream. The subjects had tasted and rated samples of both fudge and ice cream earlier in the same session and, prior to the choice, they were informed of their own hedonic ratings of both fudges and of the respective fat contents ("fat-free" vs. "regular-fat"). The higher the hedonic difference (fat-free minus regular-fat) between hot fudge samples and the higher the individual restraint score, the more likely was the choice of the fat-free option. Also, the less hungry the subjects were prior to testing, the more likely they were to choose the fat-free version. On average, the hedonic difference between the hot fudge samples was roughly -0.5 for those choosing the fat-free option, while the corresponding value for subjects choosing the regular-fat version was -3 (9-point scale). The type of ice cream did not affect the choice. The data demonstrate the effects of a food (its hedonic quality), person (restrained status), and context (perceived hunger) on food choice.
Massive open online courses (MOOCs): Insights and challenges from a psychological perspective

Massive open online courses ( MOOCs) offer an exciting range of opportunities to widen access and participation in education. The massive and open nature of MOOCs places the control of learning at the discretion of the learner. Therefore, it is essential to understand learner behaviour. This paper examines the psychological considerations inherent in learning and explores the psychological determinants of learner behaviours relevant to MOOCs. A number of psychological challenges specific to the development and use of MOOCs such as the motivational, emotional and intellectual commitment of MOOC learners, and the skills profile that effective MOOC learners require are discussed. The psychological barriers that learners may encounter when engaging with MOOCs are identified. In doing so, we highlight the importance of considering the psychosocial and cognitive profile of the learner, and provide a psychological characterisation of many of the practical and theoretical issues that inform the design, development and delivery of MOOCs. For example, digital literacy skills, individual differences in motivation and self-regulation are key learner attributes in the context of MOOC-based learning. The temporal dimension of learning is also addressed: how learners perceive time online, how this influences time spent on tasks and how this may impact on the effective use of MOOCs. Given that MOOCs are increasingly being accessed using mobile devices, the psychological challenges of mobile MOOC-based learning are explored. It is anticipated that the insights derived from a psychologically informed consideration of MOOC-based learning will serve as a catalyst for debate, discussion and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Keep Eyes on Integrins

In mammals, there are 18 kinds of α subunit and 8 kinds of β subunit were discovered, which form 24 combinations (Table 1) [2,3]. Overall, these 24 kinds of integrins can be divided to two groups by containing α-I domain (Table 1 and Figure 1A) or not (Table 1 and Figure 1B). Integrin can regulate its ligand-binding affinity by conformational changes [1]. The adaptor proteins and signal pathways were broadly studied, as discussed in ref 1 [1].
Using Sensitivity Analysis and Cross-Association for the Design of Intrusion Detection Systems in Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems

The fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, brings many advantages including innovative applications and services, new technologies and advanced features, increased operational benefits, and reduced installation costs. However, this technological advancement also exposes several challenges pertaining to the development of cyber-physical industrial architectures, resilient communication systems, and secure data exchange. This paper develops a systematic methodology for designing intrusion detection systems (IDS) specially tailored to address the cyber and physical dimensions of these systems. The approach is aimed at reducing the number of monitored parameters by adopting a three-phase design strategy embracing sensitivity analysis, cross-association, and optimal IDS design. To this end, phase 1 embraces sensitivity analysis to identify sensitive variables to specific interventions (e.g., control signals and cyber attacks), phase 2 adopts the cross-association assessment to optimally structure the process variables in groups that are the most sensitive to groups of interventions, and finally, phase 3 optimally assigns the most sensitive process variables to IDS, while enforcing the IDS capacity limitations and redundancy requirements. Numerical results on a realistic vinyl acetate monomer process show that the approach can reduce the number of variables by 76.8%, thus reducing the complexity and the costs of the detection infrastructure.
An Automated Method to Compute Orbital Re-Entry Trajectories with Heating Constraints

An algorithm is presented that is designed to compute reentry trajectories for unpowered lifting reusable launch vehicles. The algorithm uses self-contained trajectory simulation and root finding techniques to determine the appropriate control sequences for solving reentry problems. For orbital reentries, the solution process breaks the trajectory into two distinct parts. The first part begins where the deorbited vehicle first encounters substantial atmosphere and can exercise trajectory control through the manipulation of aerodynamic lift. This phase of the flight is governed by an analytical, constant heat-rate following, bank angle control law. The second and final part of the trajectory begins where heat-rate control is no longer desired. During this time trajectory control is used to meet terminal range and altitude targets and is governed by a linear bank angle control law. The planning algorithm determines the value of the individual trajectory control parameters that shape the reentry. The planned trajectory is then used by a profile following guidance algorithm during actual flight. Test results for a variety of orbital and suborbital missions are shown.
Magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy and risk of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND Sudden death is known to be a possible consequence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Quantification of the risk of sudden death, however, remains imprecise for most patients with this disease. METHODS We assessed the relation between the magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy and mortality in 480 consecutive patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The patients were categorized into five subgroups according to maximal wall thickness: 15 mm or less, 16 to 19 mm, 20 to 24 mm, 25 to 29 mm, and 30 mm or more. Their ages ranged from 1 to 89 years (median, 47). RESULTS Over a mean follow-up period of 6.5 years, 65 of the 480 patients (14 percent) died: 23 suddenly, 15 of heart failure, and 27 of noncardiac causes or stroke. The risk of sudden death increased progressively and in direct relation to wall thickness (P=0.001), ranging from 0 per 1000 person-years (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 14.4) for a wall thickness of 15 mm or less to 18.2 per 1000 person-years (95 percent confidence interval, 7.3 to 37.6) for a wall thickness of 30 mm or more and almost doubling from each wall-thickness subgroup to the next. The cumulative risk 20 years after the initial evaluation was close to zero for patients with a wall thickness of 19 mm or less but almost 40 percent for wall thicknesses of 30 mm or more. As compared with the other subgroups, patients with extreme hypertrophy were the youngest (mean age, 31 years), and most (41 of 43) had mild symptoms or no symptoms; of the 12 patients who were less than 18 years old at the initial evaluation, 5 died suddenly. CONCLUSIONS In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the magnitude of hypertrophy is directly related to the risk of sudden death and is a strong and independent predictor of prognosis. Young patients with extreme hypertrophy, even those with few or no symptoms, appear to be at substantial long-term risk and deserve consideration for interventions to prevent sudden death. The majority of patients with mild hypertrophy are at low risk and can be reassured regarding their prognosis.
Topological properties of food webs: from real data to community assembly models Oikos 102

A device to lower bulk material from a supply level down to a discharge conveyor which device will avoid free falls of material when in operation such as would damage the material. The device includes a conveyor having a vertical run which defines a chimney from a point just below the supply level down to the discharge conveyor, the chimney speed and discharge conveyor speed being related to the supply to keep a body of material within the chimney supported by the discharge conveyor. The chimney is formed by two endless elements which come together and diverge at the top and bottom of the chimney.