Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpreting the 13 C ∕ 12 C ratio of carbon dioxide in an urban airshed in the Yangtze River Delta, China

Abstract. Observations of atmospheric CO2 mole fraction and the 13C ∕ 12C ratio (expressed as δ13C) in urban airsheds provide constraints on the roles of anthropogenic and natural sources and sinks in local and regional carbon cycles. In this study, we report observations of these quantities in Nanjing at hourly intervals from March 2013 to August 2015, using a laser-based optical instrument. Nanjing is the second largest city located in the highly industrialized Yangtze River Delta (YRD), eastern China. The mean CO2 mole fraction and δ13C were (439.7 ± 7.5) µmol mol−1 and (−8.48 ± 0.56) ‰ over this observational period. The peak monthly mean δ13C (−7.44 ‰, July 2013) was 0.74 ‰ higher than that observed at Mount Waliguan, a WMO (World Meteorological Organization) baseline site on the Tibetan Plateau and upwind of the YRD region. The highly 13C-enriched signal was partly attributed to the influence of cement production in the region. By applying the Miller–Tans method to nighttime and daytime observations to represent signals from the city of Nanjing and the YRD, respectively, we showed that the 13C ∕ 12C ratio of CO2 sources in the Nanjing municipality was (0.21 ± 0.53) ‰ lower than that in the YRD. Flux partitioning calculations revealed that natural ecosystems in the YRD were a negligibly small source of atmospheric CO2.
Heritable and environmental components in cervical tumors

The familial risk of 18,199 women with invasive and/or in situ cervix cancers when compared with that of 72,796 women free of cervical tumors was analyzed. The risk of cervical tumors was significantly higher for women with a mother and/or sister(s) with cervical tumors (odds ratio (OR) = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.71–1.88) than with an affected grandmother and/or aunt(s) (OR = 1.28, 1.22–1.35). This risk did not differ according to the family side of the affected relative. Taking the familial risk of 1.28 for second‐degree relatives as the best estimate of a true heritable effect for 25% of gene sharing, the calculated heritable effect for full siblings, sharing 50% of their genes, would correspond to an OR of 1.56. This model suggests, as a best estimate, a heritable component of 71% and an environmental component of 29% in young familial cervical tumors. The data imply that familial risks for cervical tumors are best explained by complex multifactorial mechanisms. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Research on spatial index structure of massive point clouds based on hybrid tree

Based on the analysis and comparison of the existing spatial index structures of the point clouds data, this paper proposes a hybrid tree architecture based on improved octree and kd-tree combination, to achieve rapid construction and query of spatial index structure of point clouds data. This paper comprehensively expounds the construction principle of the hybrid tree, the process of realization and the definition of related cell. Finally, through the comparison of experimental results, this paper comparatively analysis different building and retrieval efficiency of three spatial indexes structure among octree, kd-tree and the proposed hybrid tree. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid tree spatial index structure is not only suitable for the spatial organization and management of massive point cloud, but also has better construction and query efficiency.
Silicon nanowires for high-sensitivity CRP detection

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were fabricated as supporting matrices for C-reactive protein (CRP) immobilization to construct CRP quantification biosensor. Anti-CRP was immobilized onto SiNWs after chemical treatments such as aldehyde or carboxyl functionalized at the surface of SiNWs. Patients' sera were systematically collected to monitor the changes of currents according to CRP concentration. For the detection of CRP, SiNWs showed a linear response and their corresponding signal changes were reported and CRP levels were measured beforehand by clinical diagnosis tools used in hospital for clinical examination.
The Spread of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 from Trigeminal Neurons to the Murine Cornea: an Immunoelectron Microscopy Study

An animal model has been developed to clarify the mechanism for spread of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from neuron to epithelial cells in herpetic epithelial keratitis. HSV was introduced into the murine trigeminal ganglion via stereotaxic guided injection. After 2 to 5 days, the animals were euthanized. Ganglia and corneas were prepared for light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry with antisera to HSV. At 2 days, labeled axons were identified in the stromal layer. At 3 days, we could detect immunoreactive profiles of trigeminal ganglion cell axons that contained many vesicular structures. By 3 and 4 days, the infection had spread to all layers of epithelium, and the center of a region of infected epithelium appeared thinned. At 5 day, fewer basal cells appeared infected, although infection persisted in superficial cells where it had expanded laterally. Mature HSV was found in the extracellular space surrounding wing and squamous cells. Viral antigen was expressed in small pits along the apical surfaces of wing and squamous cells but not at the basal surface of these cells or on basal cells. This polarized expression of viral antigen resulted in the spread of HSV to superficial cells and limited lateral spread to neighboring basal cells. The pathogenesis of HSV infection in these mice may serve as a model of the human recurrent epithelial disease in the progression of focal sites of infection and transfer from basal to superficial cells.
Reliability analysis by FMEA method for object Oriented Distributed digital control system design model of nuclear power plant

Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) has been an efficient software engineering approach to model system as group of interacting objects. This approach is used to model Distributed digital control system (DDCS) of power plant in this paper. Complex system modeled in simple Model driven architecture can provide effective theoretical approach for Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). FMEA being a tedious process as it demands detailed and systematic examination of the operation of all aspect of the design, appropriate OOAD approach will be effective in concept and preliminary system design phase for FMEA analysis. In this paper we tried to analyze FMEA for network design for Prototype fast breeder reactor (PFBR) DDCS and examine how Object Oriented (00) approach can help us in finding common causes of failure via FMEA worksheet. Corrective generic actions for common faults can be incorporated in design than can be further ease in actual implementation of design model. This design is open ended and hence can be extended to be implemented in other design model other than nuclear power plant. The paper present OODDCS reference model that is further analyze for FMEA and further enhance for better reliability.
Childhood blood pressure: a window to adult hypertension.

Assessment of blood pressure in children and adolescents is firmly recommended in the course of routine health care [1], even though the answers to many key questions remain unclear. Blood pressure values have long been identified as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in the adult population [2]. However, this relationship is more difficult to evaluate in children and adolescents because the endpoints of concern are often decades into the future. This circumstance has led to a distributional approach for the evaluation of blood pressure in the pediatric population, with a systolic or a diastolic blood pressure greater than the 95th percentile being designated as elevated [3].
Sampling Variations of Sequences for Structured Music Generation

Recently, machine-learning techniques have been successfully used for the generation of complex artifacts such as music or text. However, these techniques are still unable to capture and generate artifacts that are convincingly structured. In particular, musical sequences do not exhibit pattern structure, as typically found in human composed music. We present an approach to generate structured sequences, based on a mechanism for sampling efficiently variations of musical sequences. Given an input sequence and a statistical model, this mechanism uses belief propagation to sample a set of sequences whose distance to the input sequence is approximately within specified bounds. This mechanism uses local fields to bias the generation. We show experimentally that sampled sequences are indeed closely correlated to the standard musical similarity function defined by Mongeau and Sankoff. We then show how this mechanism can be used to implement composition strategies that enforce arbitrary structure on a musical lead sheet generation problem. We illustrate our approach with a convincingly structured generated lead sheet in the style of the Beatles.
Kernel Code Integrity Protection Based on a Virtualized Memory Architecture

Kernel rootkits pose significant challenges on defensive techniques as they run at the highest privilege level along with the protection systems. Modern architectural approaches such as the NX protection have been used in mitigating attacks, however determined attackers can still bypass these defenses with specifically crafted payloads. In this paper, we propose a virtualized Harvard memory architecture to address the kernel code integrity problem, which virtually separates the code fetch and data access on the kernel code to prevent kernel from code modifications. We have implemented the proposed mechanism in commodity operating system, and the experimental results show that our approach is effective and incurs very low overhead.
Granzyme B leakage‐induced cell death: a new type of activation‐induced natural killer cell death

Activation‐induced natural killer (NK) cell death is very rapid compared to activation‐induced T or B cell death. Here we show that NK cell activation is accompanied by the leakage of granzymeB from intracellular granules into the cytoplasm. Evidence for granzyme B leakage includes the formation of granzyme B/serine proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI‐9) complexes that are detected by immunoprecipitation as well as colocalization of granzyme B and PI‐9 detected by immunocytochemistry. The pro‐apoptotic molecule Bid, a specific substrate for granzyme B, was cleaved within 2 min following CD2‐induced NK cell activation, suggesting that granzyme B triggers apoptosis by directing Bid to mitochondrial membranes. The granzyme B/PI‐9 protein ratio was found to mirror the percentage of CD2‐induced NK cell death, suggesting that an excess of leaked granzyme B over its inhibitor is a major determinant of cell death. We suggest that granzyme B leakage‐induced cell death is an important determinant of activation‐induced NK cell death and that this process may be important for the fate of NK cells which encounter malignant or virus‐infected cells.
Role of SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) as a downstream gene of miR156-SPL3-FT circuitry in ambient temperature-responsive flowering

SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) is important in determining flowering time as well as floral organ identity. Although much is known about the regulation of floral organ identity by SEP3, its role as a downstream gene of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) for the regulation of ambient temperature-responsive flowering is poorly understood. Here, we show that SEP3 as a downstream gene of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE3 (SPL3) and FT modulates the flowering time in response to different ambient temperatures. SEP3 overexpression showed temperature-insensitive flowering at 23°C and 16°C. This suggests that altered SEP3 activity affects ambient temperature-responsive flowering. However, a lesion in SEP3 did not obviously affect ambient temperature-responsive flowering. SEP3 expression was affected by altered SPL3 and FT activities in the leaf and shoot apical regions at different temperatures. These results suggest that the miR156-SPL3-FT circuitry directly or indirectly regulates SEP3 expression for the regulation of ambient temperature-responsive flowering in Arabidopsis.
The hemoglobins of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. I. Purification, amino acid composition, and oxygen equilibria.

Abstract Multiple hemoglobins exist in hemolysates of red cells from both tadpole and adult of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The proportions and amino acid compositions of the hemoglobin components show considerable variability in hemolysates from different tadpole populations. Amino acid analyses of the polypeptide chains from the major hemoglobin components do not suggest the presence of any chain common to both tadpole and adult bullfrog. Component C (but not B) from the adult polymerizes to form octamers and larger aggregates by disulfide linkage between tetramers. All cysteinyl residues of Component B are reactive to iodoacetamide. Neither reaction with iodoacetamide nor polymerization significantly affect the oxygen equilibrium of frog hemoglobin. Component B has twice the Bohr effect of Component C and a much lower oxygen affinity, particularly at low pH. The oxygen equilibria of mixtures show that Components B and C interact with one another.
Simulated difficult intubation

A randomised study was carried out to compare the efficacy of the gum elastic bougie and the stylet in a simulated difficult intubation. A laryngoscopy assessment, as described by Cormack and Lehane, was made in 100 patients. A Grade 3 view was then simulated. In the Bougie First Group (50 patients) two attempts were made to pass a gum elastic bougie and a tracheal tube into the trachea. If these first two attempts were not successful, two further attempts at intubation were allowed with a stylet placed in the tracheal tube. In the Stylet First Group (50 patients) the order was reversed. After two attempts the tube was correctly placed in the trachea in 96% of cases in the Bougie First Group compared to only 66% of cases in the Stylet First Group (p < 0.001). We recommend that a gum elastic bougie should be readily available and that anaesthetists should use it in preference to a stylet whenever a good view of the glottis is not immediately available.
IT Service Departments Struggle to Adopt a Service-Oriented Philosophy

Many IT service departments are adopting IT service management best practice frameworks such as the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) to improve the quality of service to customers. This study reports on recent surveys and case studies of organizations which have embarked on IT service management improvement. It highlights specific difficulties experienced by organizations. Six factors were found to be critical in achieving an effective service-oriented philosophy. The factors are support from senior management; the threat or opportunity to outsource IT services; integration of processes to provide end-to-end service; involvement of business stakeholders; culture change of IT staff to service excellence; and the redesign of processes prior to investing in tools. Emergent IT service frameworks such as ISO/IEC 20000, and the CMMIÂ® for Service Delivery are discussed.
Out of Anatolia: longitudinal gradients in genetic diversity support an eastern origin for a circum‐Mediterranean oak gallwasp Andricus quercustozae

Many studies have addressed the latitudinal gradients in intraspecific genetic diversity of European taxa generated during postglacial range expansion from southern refugia. Although Asia Minor is known to be a centre of diversity for many taxa, relatively few studies have considered its potential role as a Pleistocene refugium or a potential source for more ancient westward range expansion into Europe. Here we address these issues for an oak gallwasp, Andricus quercustozae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), whose distribution extends from Morocco along the northern coast of the Mediterranean through Turkey to Iran. We use sequence data for a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b and allele frequency data for 12 polymorphic allozyme loci to answer the following questions: (1) which regions represent current centres of genetic diversity for A. quercustozae? Do eastern populations represent one refuge or several discrete glacial refugia? (2) Can we infer the timescale and sequence of the colonization processes linking current centres of diversity? Our results suggest that A. quercustozae was present in five distinct refugia (Iberia, Italy, the Balkans, southwestern Turkey and northeastern Turkey) with recent genetic exchange between Italy and Hungary. Genetic diversity is greatest in the Turkish refugia, suggesting that European populations are either (a) derived from Asia Minor, or (b) subject to more frequent population bottlenecks. Although Iberian populations show the lowest diversity for putatively selectively neutral markers, they have colonized a new oak host and represent a genetically and biologically discrete entity within the species.
A Framework for Visually Querying a Probabilistic Model of Tumor Image Features

Imaging plays an important role in characterizing tumors. Knowledge inferred from imaging data has the potential to improve disease management dramatically, but physicians lack a tool to easily interpret and manipulate the data. A probabilistic disease model, such as a Bayesian belief network, may be used to quantitatively model relationships found in the data. In this paper, a framework is presented that enables visual querying of an underlying disease model via a query-by-example paradigm. Users draw graphical metaphors to visually represent features in their query. The structure and parameters specified within the model guide the user through query formulation by determining when a user may draw a particular metaphor. Spatial and geometrical features are automatically extracted from the query diagram and used to instantiate the probabilistic model in order to answer the query. An implementation is described in the context of managing patients with brain tumors.
pper-Extremity Pain Disorders in Breast Cancer

Upper-extremity pain is a common and debilitating problem or patients with breast cancer. Although there is considerable iterature describing symptoms, little is available on the speific disorders responsible for pain and debility in these paients. Cervical radiculopathy, brachial plexopathy, neuropahy, rotator cuff tendonitis, adhesive capsulitis, epicondylitis, ostmastectomy syndrome, swelling, and bone metastases are mong the common disorders responsible for upper-extremity ain in breast cancer patients. Overall Article Objective: To discuss common upperxtremity pain disorders in patients with breast cancer.
Dynamics of Bio-Oss Collagen incorporation in fresh extraction wounds: an experimental study in the dog.

AIM The objective of this experiment was to analyze processes involved in the incorporation of Bio-Oss Collagen in host tissue during healing following tooth extraction and grafting. METHODS Five beagle dogs were used. Four premolars in the mandible ((3)P(3), (4)P(4)) were hemi-sected, the distal roots were removed and the fresh extraction socket filled with Bio-Oss Collagen. The mucosa was mobilized and the extraction site was closed with interrupted sutures. The tooth extraction and grafting procedures were scheduled in such a way that biopsies representing 1 and 3 days, as well as 1, 2 and 4 weeks of healing could be obtained. The dogs were euthanized and perfused with a fixative. Each experimental site, including the distal socket area, was dissected. The sites were decalcified in EDTA, and serial sections representing the central part of the socket were prepared in the mesio-distal plane and parallel with the long axis of the extraction socket. Sections were stained in hematoxylin and eosin and were used for the overall characteristics of the tissues in the extraction socket. In specimens representing 1, 2 and 4 weeks of healing the various tissue elements were assessed using a morphometric point counting procedure. Tissue elements such as cells, fibers, vessels, leukocytes and mineralized bone were determined. In deparaffinized sections structures and cells positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin were identified. RESULTS The biomaterial was first trapped in the fibrin network of the coagulum. Neutrophilic leukocytes [polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells] migrated to the surface of the foreign particles. In a second phase the PMN cells were replaced by multinuclear TRAP-positive cells (osteoclasts). The osteoclasts apparently removed material from the surface of the xenogeneic graft. When after 1-2 weeks the osteoclasts disappeared from the Bio-Oss granules they were followed by osteoblasts that laid down bone mineral in the collagen bundles of the provisional matrix. In this third phase the Bio-Oss particles became osseointegrated. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that the incorporation of Bio-Oss in the tissue that formed in an extraction wound involved a series of different processes.
Transmission of 8 x 20 Gb/s DQPSK signals over 310-km SMF with 0.8-b/s/Hz spectral efficiency

We report the transmission of eight-channel 20-Gb/s differential quadrature phase-shift-keying signals over 310-km conventional single-mode fiber. The high spectral efficiency (0.8 b/s/Hz) and successful transmission are achieved without using polarization multiplexing, Raman amplification, and forward error correction.
Influence of Educational Attainment on Cognition-Based Intervention Programs for Persons with Mild Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract Objectives: This research retrospectively analyzed the effect of education on cognitive interventions carried out in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: The total sample consisted of 75 patients with mild AD receiving treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors. The participants were divided into two groups: cognitive intervention (IG; n=45) and waiting list (WLG; n=30). Patients in the IG received either the Big Brain Academy (n=15) or the Integrated Psychostimulation Program (n=30) during 12 weeks. The influence of education on intervention effect was analyzed comparing mean change scores of the two study groups in the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog), stratified by educational level. The potential effect of age, sex, cognitive status, and type of intervention was examined using post hoc stratification analyses. Results: Higher education was associated with faster cognitive decline in the WLG (effect size=0.51; p<.01). However, cognitive evolution was not influenced by education in the IG (effect size=0.12; p=.42). Conclusions: Our results suggest that cognitive intervention might delay accelerated cognitive decline in higher educated individuals with mild AD. (JINS, 2016, 23, 1–6)
SOMATIC CELL PATTERN AND COMPOSITION OF MILK OF HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN CROSS BRED CATTLE

Holstein Friesian cross bred cow milk samples of different quarters in four stages of lactation were collected from dairy farms in the Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu and analyzed for composition and somatic cell count (SCC). No significant difference in the SCC was observed between quarters within the lactation stage. Count was significant between stages of lactation after the 2 nd stage. While data obtained in the last stage of lactation had the highest SCC. Significant (P<0.001) increase in SCC was estimated with advancing parity. The milk yield, SNF per cent tended to decrease, while the fat per cent and ash content tended to increase significantly with increase in the SCC as the lactation advances. It was concluded that the SCC can be used as a reliable indicator of udder health and milk composition for selecting the Holstein Friesian cows for milk production. When the SCC exceeds 5.69 log 10 units per ml need for a course of antibiotic therapy should be ruled out to save the health of the udder.