Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neonatal abstinence syndrome due to codeine

The neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a potentially life threatening illness associated with significant morbidity especially in the neonatal period. A case of NAS due to codeine prescribed for pain relief during pregnancy is reported. Clinicians should be aware that narcotic derivatives prescribed in late pregnancy can give rise to this type of problem.
The output of spermatozoa in rams. I. Relationship with testicular output of spermatozoa and the effect of ejaculations.

The mean daily output of spermatozoa was estimated for each of eight Merino rams from the numbers of spermatozoa eliminated from the urogenital tract both in the urine and in spontaneous discharges over 20 days (DSOU) and by doubling the number of spermatozoa collected daily from one testis by a rete testis catheter (DSOT). The two estimates (DSOU and DSOT) were highly correlated (r = 0·999), but the DSOU was usually a little lower than the DSOT. The mean difference was 3·4%.
Diversity of European Lyme Disease Spirochetes at the Southern Margin of Their Range

ABSTRACT We determined whether the genospecies diversity of Lyme disease spirochetes in vector ticks questing on a subtropical island is as broad as that in Central Europe. Although spirochetes infected <1% of the ticks sampled on Madeira Island, these infections included all three genospecies implicated in human disease. Therefore, spirochetal diversity is as great at the southern margin as it is in the center of this pathogen’s range.
Progress in the estimation of mortality due to diabetes.

In this issue, Roglic et al. (1) provide new estimates of the proportion of deaths worldwide attributable to diabetes. Their result is about three times as high as a prior estimate from the World Health Organization in 2002. The World Health Organization estimate was based on the underlying cause of death listed on death certificates and likely underestimated the contribution of this disorder to mortality, as underrecording of diabetes on death certificates has been demonstrated in several studies (2–4). Further issues make use of death certificates to assess cause of mortality problematic. Recording of diabetes is likely to be inconsistent due to the lack of a standardized method for death certificate coding. Contrast this situation with a clinical research study that applied specific criteria to assign a cause of death. Such rigor would never be possible in the “real” world because of educational and practice differences regionally and nationally, as well as the current emphasis on the judgment of an individual physician in assigning cause of death. The idea of having a clinician assign cause of death seems sound, but the lack of standardization will lead to uncertainty about the meaning and inclusiveness of causes listed on death certificates. Causal interpretations and competing causes of mortality also must be considered in interpreting and estimating causes of death. Diabetes may lead to the immediate cause of death by, for example, causing cardiovascular disease but remain unlisted on the death certificate since it was one or more steps removed from the terminal event. Conversely, the presence of diabetes in the deceased does not necessarily mean that diabetes contributed to mortality, as might be the case if death occurred due to non–hypoglycemia-related trauma, drowning, or another condition that is not likely …
Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) are a difficult pathologic entity to treat. They require a strong plan. Lesion size, location, chronicity, and characteristics such as displacement and the presence of subchondral cysts help dictate the appropriate treatment required to achieve a satisfactory result. In general, operative treatment is reserved for patients with displaced OLTs or for patients who have failed nonoperative treatment for 3 to 6 months. Operative treatments can be broken down into cartilage repair, replacement, and regenerative strategies. There are many promising treatment options, and research is needed to elucidate which are superior to minimize the morbidity from OLTs.
Initial versus delayed accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer: a randomized study.

PURPOSE To perform a randomized study of the optimal timing of thoracic radiation (RT) as accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy (ACC HFX RT) in combination with concurrent chemotherapy (CHT) in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1988 and 1992, 107 patients were enrolled and 103 were assessable. All patients received ACC HFX RT with 1.5 Gy twice daily to 54 Gy plus concurrent daily carboplatin/etoposide (C/E) (30 mg each) and four sequential cycles of cisplatin/etoposide (PE) (30 mg/m2 and 120 mg/m2, respectively, on days 1 to 3). Group I patients (n = 52) received concurrent chemoradiation at weeks 1 to 4, and group II (n = 51) at weeks 6 to 9. Patients who showed a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) underwent prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) at weeks 16 to 17. RESULTS The median survival time was 34 months in group I and 26 months in group II, and the Kaplan-Meier 5-year survival rates were 30% and 15%, respectively. The difference was almost significant on univariate analysis (P = .052) and was significant on multivariate analysis (P = .027). Group I patients had a significantly higher local control rate than group II patients, but there was no difference between the two groups in distant metastasis rate. There was no difference in the incidence of acute or late grade 3 to 4 toxicity. CONCLUSION Initial administration of thoracic ACC HFX RT with concurrent C/E seems to produce better local control and survival rates than delayed administration.
Colonic bacterial superantigens evoke an inflammatory response and exaggerate disease in mice recovering from colitis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS There is renewed interest in commensal bacteria as triggers of idiopathic disease, a concept that is prominent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here the effect of intracolonic instillation of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), a model superantigen (SAgs: potent T-cell stimuli), into mice was examined. METHODS Mice (Balb/c, severe combined immunodeficient [SCID], V beta 8(+) ovalbumin transgenic [OVA-Tg], interleukin 10 [IL-10] knockout [KO]) received a single intrarectal (IR) dose of SAg and colonic form (histology, myeloperoxidase [MPO] activity) and function (ion transport) were assessed 12-72 hours later. In subsequent studies the potential for SEB to reactivate disease in mice recovering from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis (5 days at 4% [wt/vol] followed by 14 days normal water) was examined. RESULTS SEB-treated Balb/c mice displayed a time- and dose-dependent colonic inflammation (increased MPO, histologic damage score, and macrophage number). Similar events occurred in response to other SAgs, namely S. aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mitogen. Ion transport, the driving force for water movement, was unaffected by SEB treatment. SCID mice developed no inflammation after IR SEB delivery, whereas OVA Tg mice displayed enhanced responsiveness. Although SEB treatment of IL-10 KO mice did elicit a response, the inflammation was transitory and did not hasten the spontaneous colitis seen in these mice. Finally, mice recovering from DSS-induced colitis showed a worsening of the disease when challenged with SEB; IR SEB evoked significant increases in MPO, macrophage infiltration, T-cell activation (i.e., CD25 expression), and perturbed epithelial ion transport. CONCLUSIONS Lumen-derived bacterial SAgs can elicit a local inflammation and aggravate enteric inflammatory disorders in which they were not the causative agent.
New in-situ training image and one-shot detection model without adaptation GENETIM detection model for synset bottle

In the following paper, we present a framework for quickly training 2D object detectors for robotic perception. Our method can be used by robotics practitioners to quickly (under 30 seconds per object) build a large-scale real-time perception system. In particular, we show how to create new detectors on the fly using large-scale internet image databases, thus allowing a user to choose among thousands of available categories to build a detection system suitable for the particular robotic application. Furthermore, we show how to adapt these models to the current environment with just a few in-situ images. Experiments on existing 2D benchmarks evaluate the speed, accuracy, and flexibility of our system.
Autonomous Wireless Sensors Network Based on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) offer an attractive solution to many environmental, security and process monitoring. However, their lifetime remains very limited by battery capacity. Through the use of piezoelectric energy harvesting techniques, ambient vibration can be captured and converted into usable electricity to create selfpowering WSN which is not limited by finite battery energy. This paper investigates analytically and experimentally the performance of a WSN powered by a Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System (PEHS) and a material block-level modeling considering most key energy consumption of a wireless sensor node in a star topology network is proposed. By using real hardware parameters of existing components, the proposed model is used to evaluate the energetic budget of the node. The sensor node performance is evaluated regarding transmit packet size, duty cycle and the number of nodes that can be deployed. From the spectral properties of the available vibration inside two moving vehicles (automobile and train), the maximal recoverable power for each type of vehicle is estimated. Using a PEHS based on a cantilever beam optimized for low-frequency applications, 6 mW power is recovered in the case of the train while a 12.5 mW power is reached in the case of the automobile. It is observed that the sink may not operate with the recovered energy. However, the sensor node can sense and transmit data with a maximum size of 105.5 kbits when the duty cycle is 4 × 10-15. It is also achieved that the node is most effective when the measured physical phenomena vary slowly, such as the variations in temperature due to thermal inertia. Considering an optimized PEHS based on non-linear processing, it is shown that the sink can operate for 190% improvement of the recovered power.
Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment Needs According to Dental Aesthetic Index

Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was adopted as a crosscultural index by the World Health Organization for assessment of orthodontic treatment need. DAI was more versatile, time saving and simple to use. This study is intended to evaluate the distribution and severity of malocclusion and treatment needs in a sample of 13-15 years old school children in Bangalore. 120 children were examined and parameters of DAI were included to assess the severity of malocclusion. 34 children, including 20 boys and 14 girls didn't need any orthodontic intervention. 22 children were categorized under the treatment elective group, 28 children including 12 boys and 16 girls were categorized under treatment highly desirable. 36 children were categorized under treatment mandatory group. Kruskaal Wallis test was undertaken and found that no statistically significant results were found (p>0.001) in the gender distribution and severity of malocclusion. Statistically significant results (p<0.001) were found in age group and severity of malocclusion and urgency for treatment.
Ethnic differences in clinical outcome of patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain

Background: Ethnicity, although known to influence cardiovascular outcome in assorted clinical settings, has not been investigated previously as a risk factor in patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Methods: In this multi-ethnic cohort study conducted in Singapore and The Netherlands, 2784 patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain were enrolled (788 Caucasians, 1281 Chinese, 404 Indians and 311 Malays) and were followed up for 1 year. Results: Although Caucasian patients on average were older and had incurred more cardiovascular adverse events, the Asian ethnic groups carried a greater burden of cardiovascular risk factors. Caucasian and Malay patients were most frequently diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (Caucasians 11.2%, Chinese and Indians 6.4%, Malays 10.6%, P<0.001), also after correction for baseline differences. Chinese and Indian patients, however, more often had unstable angina. Asian patients had strikingly more extensive coronary artery disease than Caucasian patients (triple-vessel disease: Caucasians 6.5%, Chinese 22.8%, Indians 32.4%, Malays 32.8%, P<0.001) and Chinese patients with myocardial infarction more frequently underwent coronary revascularisation compared with Caucasian patients (Caucasians 41.4%, Chinese 67.5%, Indians 62.5%, Malay 46.7%, P=0.005). Ethnicity was not an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events during 1-year follow-up in all chest pain patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of myocardial infarction and unstable angina, revascularisation rate and extent of coronary artery disease differ significantly among chest pain patients of different ethnic groups. These findings have important clinical implications and support consideration of ethnicity in risk stratification and determination of the patient management strategy in patients with symptoms suggestive of myocardial infarction.
4 Diffusion Experiment in Lithium Ionic Conductors with the Radiotracer of 8

Radioactive nuclides have been used in materials science for many decades. Besides their classical application as tracers for diffusion studies, nuclear techniques (i.e. Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Perturbed Angular Correlation, β-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Emission Channeling, etc.) are now being routinely used to gain microscopic information on the structural and dynamical properties of the bulk of materials via hyperfine interactions or emitted particles themselves (Wichert & Diecher, 2001). These nuclear techniques were primarily developed in nuclear physics for detecting particles or γ-radiations emitted during the decay of the radioactive nuclides. More recently these techniques have also been applied to study complex bio-molecules, surfaces, and interfaces (Prandolini, 2006). With the advent of most versatile ‘radioactive isotope beam (RIB) factory’ represented by the on-line isotope separator (ISOL)–based RIB facility (see Fig. 1), the possibilities for such investigations have been greatly expanded during the last decade (Cornell, 2003). At the tandem accelerator facility of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)-Tokai, a RIB facility, TRIAC (Watanabe et al., 2007)-Tokai Radioactive Ion Accelerator Complexis operating since 2005. In the facility, short-lived radioactive nuclei produced by proton or heavy ion induced nuclear reactions can be accelerated up to the energy necessary for experiments. The energy is variable in the range from 0.1 to 1.1 MeV/nucleon, which is especially efficient for studies of the bulk of materials by using the RIBs as tracers. It allows us to implant (incorporate) the RIBs into specimens at a proper depth, avoiding the difficulties caused by the surface (e.g. diffusion barrier like oxide layers that often hampers the incorporation of those radioactive isotope probes into the materials of interest). In the facility, the separation and the implantation of radioactive probes are integrated into one device, as shown in Fig.1. Although the main concerns of the facility are nuclear physics experiments, as an effort to effectively use the available radioactive isotope beams at the TRIAC for materials studies, we have developed a diffusion tracing method by using the short-lived radioactive nuclei of 8Li as diffusion tracers. The method has been successfully applied to measure diffusion coefficients in a typical defectmediated lithium ionic conductor (refer to Chandra, 1981 for ionic conductors). We found that the present method is very efficient for the micro-diffusion, where the diffusion length is about 1μm per second.
Heat wave: first, protect the vulnerable.

Background and epidemiology: The health impact of heat waves in the United States were described in 2 recent reports. [1][1],[2][2] ! [Figure][3] Figure. Hot time, summer in the city Photo by: Canapress · A 4-month-old boy was found dead in his parent's car, in which the temperature was
Pancytopenia Related to Azathioprine — An Enzyme Deficiency Caused by a Common Genetic Polymorphism: A Review

Introduction Azathioprine has been used extensively for immunosuppression in autoimmune disease and organ transplantation for over 25 years. Despite extensive clinical experience much of the drug's pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics are unknown; its mode of action at the immune cell level remains unclear. The azathioprine structure was synthesized to protect the sulphydryl group of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) from in vivo methylation but, subsequent studies have shown that after an oral dose azathioprine is rapidly converted to 6-MP'2 which in turn undergoes extensive metabolism along three competing routes (Figure 1). In vivo methylation is a major catabolic pathway catalysed by the enzyme thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT). Wide interindividual differences in TPMT activity exist which are controlled by a common genetic polymorphism3. Eighty nine per cent of the population have high and 11% intermediate enzyme activities whilst one in 300 subjects has very low or absent TPMT activity. A second catabolic route is oxidation catalysed by xanthine oxidase. Measurements offunctional xanthine oxidase activity have shown that there is little interindividual or interethnic variation of enzyme activity in the normal population4, whilst direct measurements of hepatic xanthine oxidase activities in biopsy tissue report a 3.9-fold variation5. Active nucleotide metabolites are produced by the third route which is catalysed by the enzyme hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase. This pathway is responsible for the formation of several intracellular active metabolites. The major active metabolites in the human red blood cell (RBC) are the 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN). Active nucleotide metabolites of azathioprine, which include 6-TGN, are responsible for both cytotoxicity and the suppression of de novo purine synthesis. Both mechanisms contribute to the immunosuppressive properties of azathioprine but, in vitro evidence suggests that this may not be the sole mechanism of action6. We have reviewed the literature and identified cases of severe myelosuppression associated with azathioprine. In addition we report a further case of acute and profound bone marrow suppression which developed shortly after onset of treatment with azathioprine. This was associated with abnormally high concentrations of the azathioprine cytotoxic metabolites 6-TGNs and a very low inherited level of the enzyme TPMT. This is the second case we have seen ofearly and profound myelosuppression associated with azathioprine used in conventional doses for the treatment of oral lichen planus. The first case has previously been reported7 8.
[Impact of disease progression on health status, quality of life and costs in rheumatoid arthritis in Hungary].

UNLABELLED Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive polyarthritis leading to substantial disability. Standardised data on consequences of disease progression are needed for clinical assessments and also for cost-effectiveness models. AIM To analyse the impact of disease progression on health status, disease specific quality of life and costs in Hungary. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was performed between April and August, 2004, involving consecutive RA patients of 6 hospital based rheumatology outpatient centres. Self-completed questionnaires were used to assess functional (HAQ) and health status (EQ-5D), quality of life (RAQoL). Disease activity (DAS) and costs were also surveyed, statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS 255 patients were involved [mean age 55.5 +/- 12.3 years; disease duration 9.0 +/- 9.3 years; HAQ 1.38 +/- 0.76; EQ-5D 0.46 +/- 0.33; RAQoL 16.2 +/- 8.1; DAS 5.09 +/- 1.42; costs 1,043,163 (+/- 844,750) HUF/patient/year, conversion 1 Euro = 250 HUF]. Correlation was significant between the parameters ( p < 0.01): EQ-5D index = 1.014 - 0.25 x HAQ-0.041 x DAS; HAQ = 0.314 + 0.065 x RAQoL. Analysis by disease severity levels (HAQ groups 0.5 difference) revealed that health status worsens (mean EQ-5D: 0.784; 0.576; 0.504; 0.367; 0.211; 0.022) and costs increase (mean 628,280; 888,187; 953,759; 1,291,218; 1,346,112; 1,371,674 HUF/patient/year) with disease progression. Minimally important worsening of functional ability (0.25 HAQ increase) corresponds to -0.0705 EQ-5D and +1.884 RAQoL change. Lower health status difference (EQ-5D -0.05725) was calculated in patients with lower disease activity (DAS < 5.1). CONCLUSIONS Correlation between disease progression, health status, quality of life and costs does not differ significantly from international results. The amount of costs is much lower in all disease severity levels than in developed European countries. Our study serves baseline data for health economic analysis in RA in Hungary.
Massive Apoptosis of Thymocytes in T-Cell-Deficient Id1 Transgenic Mice

ABSTRACT Id1 is an inhibitor of a group of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, collectively called E proteins, which includes E12, E47, E2-2, and HEB. We have generated transgenic mice in which Id1 is specifically expressed in T cells. The total number of thymocytes in these mice is less than 4% of that in wild-type mice. The majority of the transgenic thymocytes are CD4 and CD8 double negative and bear the cell surface markers of multipotent progenitor cells. A small number of thymocytes, however, differentiate into CD4 or CD8 single-positive T cells, which also display different characteristics from their wild-type counterparts. More importantly, apoptotic cells constitute about 50% of the total thymocytes. These apoptotic thymocytes have rearranged their T-cell receptor genes, suggesting that they are differentiating T cells. This finding has raised the possibility that the T-cell deficiency in Id1 transgenic mice is the result of a massive apoptosis of differentiating T cells triggered by Id1 expression as opposed to a developmental block at the earliest progenitor stage. The progenitor cells accumulated in the transgenic mice might have survived because they are not susceptible to the apoptotic signals. Despite the massive cell death of the thymocytes at young ages, Id1 transgenic mice frequently develop T-cell lymphoma later in their life span, and lymphomagenesis appears to occur at different stages of T-cell development. Taken together, our data suggest that E proteins, being the targets of Id1, are essential regulators for normal T-cell differentiation and tumor suppression.
Introduction to EDRF Research

In response to acetylcholine, endothelial cells were shown to release a nonprostanoid factor, called endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), which caused relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Since this discovery in 1980, many additional agents have been shown to stimulate release of EDRF from endothelium. Biological and chemical evidence has supported the proposal that EDRF is nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator. Research on the synthesis, inhibition, and physiological roles of EDRF/NO has led to studies of this factor in vascular regulation and in various disease states, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes.