Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in intravenous drug users

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common among intravenous drug users, and because of the long latent period, HCV liver disease is set to increase. Objectives: We sought to examine practice guidelines regarding treatment of HCV in drug users and to review the evidence for current practices. Methods: A structured search of the Pubmed database, websites of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence and national and international expert groups and opinion of independent experts in the field. Results and Conclusions: All those infected with HCV need to be assessed to ascertain whether they have active ongoing viral replication and the extent of liver damage. HCV-infected individuals should be educated about the modes of transmission and means of reducing the risk of infecting others. They should also be advised to avoid cofactors (especially alcohol) that accelerate the progression of liver disease. Specific treatment with antivirals can cause viral clearance and prevent the progression of liver disease. Therapy is effective in those on opiate-replacement treatments and also in motivated individuals who continue to use intravenous drugs. The decision whether to treat drug users should be made jointly by specialists in the management of viral hepatitis and addiction on a case-by-case basis. Current combination drug regimens are expensive but are claimed to be cost-effective, and are certainly much less costly than managing end-stage liver disease. In addition to satisfactory sustained viral response rates, other benefits such as a beneficial effect on drug habit, self-esteem and rehabilitation have been reported. Encouraging suitable drug users to take-up and comply with treatment seems to be more easily achieved in supportive drug dependency unit settings (rather than the more formal surroundings of a hospital clinic).
Securing Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems: Factors and Research Direction

SCADA systems before their current generation were seen as mostly centralized and isolated monolithic structures that relied on proprietary network, hardware and communication protocol and were thus were considered insulated from cyber-attacks. However, with the recent advancement in network and communication technologies SCADA systems are now connected to corporate intranet and the internet. While this change has increased the ease of management and integration, it has also exposed SCADA systems to a myriad of cyber vulnerabilities. This research examined key factors that support secure assessment and operation of SCADA systems, the methods and techniques used to implement best practices and security controls within these systems, and finally it identified areas of currently ongoing and future research within this field.
Information Production by Institutions around CEO Turnovers and Institutional Trading as a Corporate Governance Mechanism

We use proprietary institutional trading data to analyze the efficacy of information production by institutions around CEO turnovers; CEO turnovers where such information production is most effective; and how institutions produce such information. We find that institutional trading prior to a CEO turnover has significant predictive power for the nature of a CEO turnover (forced versus voluntary). Institutions produce information partly by analyzing insider trading prior to a CEO turnover. Trading by institutions after a forced turnover with an insider as successor CEO has significant predictive power for subsequent long-run stock returns, and realizes significant abnormal profits.
Lifetime Prevalence of Alcohol and Substance Use in Egypt: A Community Survey

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of substance use and addiction in Egypt and study its sociodemographic correlates. Method: A total of 44,000 subjects were interviewed from 8 governorates by stratified sampling. A questionnaire derived from the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was individually administered. Results: The lifetime prevalence of any substance use varies between 7.25% and 14.5%. One-month prevalence varies between 5.4% and 11.5% when adjusted to different population parameters. A total of 4832 subjects were identified as using illicit substances at least once in their life (9.6%), including 1329 experimental and social use (3.3%), 1860 regular use (4.64%), and 629 substance dependence (1.6%). The prevalence of substance use in males is 13.2% and 1.1% in females. Prevalence increases significantly in males of Bedouin origin, in seaside governorates, with lesser levels of education, and in certain occupations. The 15–19 age group showed the highest onset of substance use. Cannabis is the drug mostly misused in Egypt; alcohol is a distant second. Conclusions: The prevalence of substance use is lower than Western countries and higher compared with a 1996 survey. The true population prevalence is probably higher due to underreporting. The demographic pattern reflects availability and accessibility to drugs.
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma primary of lung

Abstract Primary lung lymphoma (PLL) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare entity and the biological features, clinical presentation, prognosis markers and treatment have not been well defined. We present 82 cases of PLL‐DLBCL in a uniform population and treated with conventional chemotherapy: CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin vincristine and prednisone). To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest series with long term follow reported. We also performed immunohistochemical studies to determine if the cell of origin [germinal center (GC) and non‐GC] have a prognostic significance. All patients were at an early stage and low‐clinical risk without bulk disease and normal levels of lactic dehydrogenase and beta 2 microglobulin. Complete response was achieved in 77 cases (94%), actuarial curves at 10 years showed that event‐free survival (EFS) was 90% and overall survival was 92%. Fifty‐nine patients were of GC phenotype and 23 of non‐GC phenotype. Complete response (93% versus 91%), EFS (91% versus 80%) and overall survival (89% versus 78%) respectively, were not statistically different. Treatment was well tolerated, and second late events have not been seen. We conclude that PLL‐DLBCL is an extranodal lymphoma with a good prognosis event in patients of non‐GC phenotype.
A design-centred framework for social human-robot interaction

Robots currently integrate into our everyday lives, but little is known about how they can act socially. In this paper, we propose a definition of social robots and describe a framework that classifies properties of social robots. The properties consist of form, modality, social norms, autonomy, and interactivity. Finally, we provide broad guidelines for the design of social robots.
Myelo‐ and cytoarchitecture of the granular frontal cortex and surrounding regions in the strepsirhine primate Galago and the anthropoid primate Macaca

As the first part of a comparative investigation of primate frontal cortex, we compared the frontal architectonic organization of Galago, a small‐brained, strepsirhine (or “prosimian”) primate, to that of an anthropoid primate, Macaca, by using myelin‐ and Nissl‐stained material. We were able to distinguish many more areas in both taxa than have been recognized in most previous studies of the primate frontal lobe. In particular, we were able to subdivide many of the areas shown in the commonly cited architectonic map of Walker (J. Comp. Neurol. 73:59–86. 1940). Delineation of areas was greatly facilitated by the use of the Gallyas technique for staining myeli.
Modulation of the rat suprachiasmatic circadian clock by melatonin in vitro

The pineal hormone melatonin regulates daily and seasonal rhythms, at least in part through an action on the mammalian biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Melatonin was tested in vitro (10−15–10−6M; ZT9.5–10.5) for its effect on the circadian peak in neuronal firing rate in the rat SCN slice. It produced a concentration-related phase advance (maximum advance = 3 ± 0.3 h at 10−9M, n = 3; minimum effective concentration = 10−13M; EC50 = 1.2 × 10−12M). The melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole (10−5M) blocked the phase-advance produced by melatonin (10−9M), whilst having no effect on its own. These data show that the effect of melatonin on the SCN clock, measured via the circadian rhythm of neuronal firing rate in the nuclei, is consistent with a concentration-dependent action via a high affinity melatonin receptor.
Forcing the limits — Peak voltage extension for floating buck controller

A solution for increasing a current mode floating buck controller's versatility, through the use of a peak voltage extension block, is investigated, implemented and its performances are measured. Most current controller architectures have limitations that impose harsh application-constraints. This paper proposes a new method of reducing those limitations by allowing precise, linear, external control of the peak voltage threshold. The solution is especially useful in applications where each instance of the buck controller needs to be individually adjusted to meet specifications.
Malaysian firms cost of equity: systematic versus downside risk

Of late, concerns are raised against the application of the classical one-factor CAPM in emerging markets. Adopting some of the emerging market models reviewed in Pereiro (2001), together with the two-factor CAPM models proposed in this study, we make comparison between systematic and downside risk measures to estimate the cost of equity of Malaysian firms over 2000-2007. Overall, our results are consistent with Estrada (2000, 2001)’s findings which support downside risk measures over standard risk measures. Based on standard model selection criteria we find that two-factor downside betas have the highest explanatory power on actual stock returns, compared to single-factor models that consider only either local or global risk factor. The cost of equity for Malaysian firms calculated based on the two-factor downside betas have an average value of 11.42%. The Adjusted Local CAPM (ALCAPM) gives an average cost of equity value of 10.34%. If Malaysian investors have used the ALCAPM, they would have underestimated the firm’s cost of equity by an average of 108 basis points.
Round and round we go, and where we stop, nobody knows: the open lung concept and high-level positive end-expiratory pressure (revisited)

Few topics in respiratory care generate more controversy than positive endexpiratory pressure. Debate focuses on the following: a) whether positive endexpiratory pressure alters the course of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and improves outcome; and b) the perceived deleterious effects associated with levels >510 cm H2O (1). Ventilatory strategies designed to minimize lung injury, including permissive hypercapnia (2), that fall under the rubric of protective ventilation (3) have been developed to address the latter concern. However, studies fail to confirm that the perceived benefits of the new strategies are real (4, 5). In this issue of Critical Care Medicine, Mr. Hartog and colleagues (6) add new information.
Multiple relationships of components of intellectual capital with knowledge management processes in iran’s sports organizations

The purpose of this study was to investigate multiple relationships of the components of intellectual capital with knowledge management process in Iran’s sports organizations. The research method was descriptive correlation and the population included all managers of sports organizations in Iran in2011-2012 which was equal to 308 who were totally selected as the sample . Data were collected using three questionnaires of personal information, Bontis intellectual capital(51questions)and Gold knowledge management (25questions). To determine content validity experts’ opinions and confirmatory construct validity were utilized. Reliability coefficient of the questionnaires was calculated 0.89 for knowledge management and 0.93 for Intellectual Capital, using alpha Cronbach. To check the normal distribution of data, Kolmogorov - Smirnov.test and to analyze the data statistical methods of regression, structural equation model were used. Results of regression analysis showed that human capital and intellectual capital are influential only on knowledge creation, application and protection, and they don’t have any effect on knowledge conversion. Structural capital influences knowledge acquisition, application, protection and conversion, and customer capital only has effect on knowledge acquisition and it is not effective on knowledge application, protection and conversion. Based on Structural equation model the effect of intellectual capital on knowledge management process was 0.73, and fit indices revealed that the model fitted well.
Adenocarcinoma of the colon in a 9‐month‐old infant. Report of a case

ARCINOMA of the colon is one of the most C common forms of cancer, accounting for approximately 15% of all cancer deaths. * The mean age of patients with this form of cancer has been reported in various series as ranging from 49 to 60 years.9 About 5% of these cancers occur in persons under the age of 30 years, and several cases have been reported in children. Carcinoma of the colon is an exceedingly rare occurrence during infancy. We were unable to find a case report in the literature, and there is no case on file in the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.4 Adenomas or polyps of the colon, in which many of the carcinomas originate,** 9 are often hereditary.10 but they are not congenital, and most of the reported series of adenomas or polyps do not include cases in children during the first year of life.s. 518 Furthermore, malignant changes in polyps of children are an unusual occurrence. Kerrs found malignant changes in only 2 out
Mathematical Model of Thermal Destruction of Bacillus stearothermophilus Spores

The experimental survival curves of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores in aqueous suspension, for six constant temperatures ranging from 105 to 130°C, displayed an initial shoulder before a linear decline. To interpret these observations, we supposed that, before the heat treatment, the designated spore suspension contained a countable and mortal N0 population of activated spores and an M0 population of dormant spores which remained masked during spore counting and had to be activated before being destroyed by heat. We also hypothesized that the mechanisms of both activation and destruction are, at constant temperature, ruled by first-order kinetics, with velocity constants kA and kD, respectively. Mathematical analysis showed that this model could represent not only our experimental survival curves, but also all other shapes (linear and biphasic) of survival curves found in the literature; also, there is an inherent symmetry in the model formulation between the activation and destruction reactions, and we showed that the dormancy rate (τ = M0/N0) is the only parameter which permits a distinction between the two reactions. By applying the model to our experimental data and considering that the dormancy rate is not dependent on the treatment temperature, we showed that, for the studied suspension, the limiting reaction was the activation reaction.
Quality of pharmacists' documentations in patients' medical records.

Training pharmacists to appropriately document patient-specific problems and recommendations in patients' medical records and subsequent monitoring of pharmacist-written documentation are described. The medical staff of a tertiary care teaching hospital recommended that pharmacists be allowed to write in the permanent portion of patients' medical records. A six-month pilot program was approved to train pharmacists in writing chart notes. Notes would be assessed according to the following criteria: necessity (i.e., a chart note was the appropriate means of communication), clarity, legibility, completeness, correct format, and lack of judgmental language. Initial training was by physicians from the pharmacy and therapeutics committee, with more extensive training by a committee composed of clinical and administrative pharmacists. After training ended, each pharmacist's first few notes were reviewed by a member of the pharmacy committee. The quality of pharmacist-written notes is reviewed quarterly. The first quarterly evaluation and another review 1 1/2 years later showed that all pharmacist notes met all of the established criteria. A multidisciplinary approach was effective in training pharmacists to document interventions appropriately in patients' permanent records. Ongoing monitoring ensures the continuing quality of such documentation.
Reporting Intellectual Capital in Annual Reports from Australian S/W & I/T Companies

This study examines the annual reports of the top 20 software and information technology companies listed on the Australian Stock Exchange, using the content analysis method. The findings of this study indicate that the levels of Intellectual capital disclosures are found to be low and are reported in qualitative form rather than quantitative form. The results of the study highlight that software and information technology companies in Australia do not attach importance to disclosing voluntary intellectual capital information. This study emphasises the need for an established and generally accepted framework for the reporting of intellectual capital to enable measurability and presentation of intellectual capital information in the annual reports.
A GROWING MOVEMENT: MOTIVATIONS FOR JOINING COMMUNITY GARDENS

Community gardens play an important role in building urban resilience through improving food security and by increasing neighbourhood social capital. As community gardens become more popular in many countries, understanding what motivates people to join them and stay involved is therefore worth researching. This paper explores the key motivations of community gardeners using data from interviews conducted with people involved in a range of community gardens on the east coast of Australia (including Brisbane, the Gold Coast and Sydney) as well as two locations in Denmark (Copenhagen and Odense). Our analysis synthesised three main categories of motivation which are broadly described as “individual”, “community” and “gardening”. Individual motivations included: a retirement activity; educating one’s own children about growing and eating good food; access to organic produce; alternative to supermarket food; and personal learning, enjoyment and satisfaction. Community motivations included: civic action; a way to meet people when new to the neighbourhood; growing food for charities; teaching children to interact with the community; and community-based social activity. Gardening motivations included: being outdoors; enjoying nature; access to earth; and growing food plants. While community gardening is often cited as a sustainable activity, the environment only emerged once as a key focus in relation to organic food production. Interestingly, there was still evidence of sustainable practices such as community composting and pesticide-free growing across all sites. The range of motivations show that the gardens go some way towards improving the quality of life in urban environments through providing intergenerational social interactions which are enjoyable, increasing local social capital and inadvertently improving local food security and sustainability.
Applying implementation science to sports injury prevention

Recent commentary in the BJSM has argued that a key challenge for future sports injury prevention is to reduce the ‘research to practice’ gap.1 Unfortunately, very few examples of this type of research actually exist. In this issue, Myklebust et al 2 describe their approach to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention in Norwegian Handball over the past 13 years. This is one of the first published papers on the long-term outcomes of a sports injury prevention intiative that has shown promising efficacy in controlled trials.3 While this paper describes an impressive intial research effort and outstanding example of long-term follow-up through an ACL Injury Surveillance Programme, it also highlights challenges associated with conducting sports injury prevention implementation research. Like other reports of the implementation of sports injury prevention interventions,4–8 Myklebust et al have listed the implementation activities undertaken without providing details of theoretical frameworks, specifc evidence or guiding principles used to inform selection or operationalisation of these activities. While considerable effort is often invested in describing the details of, and the evidence-based underpinning, interventions, implementation research also requires detailed information about what specific implementation strategies were put in place, why and how they were selected and delivered, and how effective they were in reaching and influencing the behaviour of the targeted audience.9 It is insufficient to describe implementation activities in general …
[Is physical activity important in treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patients?].

BACKGROUND In the past, patients suffering from cancer and other chronic diseases were told to avoid physical activity in order to rest and reduce discomfort. Recently, many studies have published new scientific evidence which indicates that physical activity may be an important factor in the rehabilitation for several chronic diseases. However, less is known about the importance of physical activity in the treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a search on Medline and Pubmed. A total of 38 studies focusing on the importance of physical activity in the treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patients are included in the present study. RESULTS The performed studies that have assessed the effects of physical activity on quality of life following cancer diagnosis, consistently suggest that physical activity may improve quality of life for cancer patients and influence fatigue. No information exists on whether physical activity increases survival. The limitations of these clinical studies include small sample size, lack of adjustment for possible confounders, and short intervention spans. INTERPRETATION Physical activity is not part of the usual cancer rehabilitation program, yet clinical studies are promising and important. More studies are needed to improve our understanding of the effects and feasibility of physical activity for different groups of cancer patients. Furthermore, the importance of physical activity in relation to surgery, current conventional chemotherapy and radiation for these patients needs to be studied if we are to reduce the knowledge gap regarding the potential role of exercise in rehabilitation programmes for cancer patients compared with patients with other chronic diseases.
FACTORS INFLUENCE INDONESIAN YOUNG CONSUMERS’ ONLINEPURCHASE INTENTION IN SOCIAL MEDIA WEBSITES

This research is done to prove the influence of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, subjective norm, technology factors, shopping factors, and product factors toward the online purchase intention in social media websites based on the perception of young Indonesia consumers. The research used quantitative approach and causal type research was causal. This research used sample characteristics which are Indonesia people in the range age of 15-24 years old and also have Facebook, Twitter, and Blog accounts with minimum online 3 times a week. The data was primary data which obtained from 100 questionnaires. The data was processed through multiple linear regressions and hypotheses test were proven by t-test and F-test. The research result indicates that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, subjective norm, technology factors, shopping factors, and product factors have significant influence toward the online purchase intention in social media websites based on the perception of young Indonesian.