Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verification Guided Refinement of Flight Safety Assessment and Management System for Takeoff

Systems that make safety-critical decisions must undergo a rigorous verification and validation process to ensure automation decisions do not jeopardize the nominal safe state of operation. Flight safety assessment and management is a high-level decision-making system to reduce loss of control risk. This paper demonstrates how tools from formal verification can be used to guide the design of a takeoff flight safety assessment and management system implemented as a deterministic Moore machine. Finite state abstractions of simplified takeoff dynamics under different control authorities (i.e., pilot vs safety controller) are computed and composed with the Moore machine. By construction, the composition captures all behaviors of simplified takeoff dynamics. Then, a model checking tool analyzes whether this composition satisfies the takeoff safety requirements specified by federal aviation regulations. The results of model checking together with the abstraction are used to refine the Moore machine to ensure sa.
Computational complexity, speedable and levelable sets

One of the most interesting aspects of the theory of computational complexity is the speed-up phenomenon such as the theorem of Blum [6, p. 326] which asserts the existence of a 0, 1-valued total recursive function with arbitrarily large speed-up. Blum and Marques [10] extended the speed-up definitions from total to partial recursive functions, or equivalently, to recursively enumerable (r.e.) sets, and introduced speedable and levelable sets. They classified the effectively speedable sets as the subcreative sets but remarked that “the characterizations we provided for speedable and levelable sets do not seem to bear a close relationship to any already well-studied class of recursively enumerable sets. ” The purpose of this paper is to give an “information theoretic” characterization of speedable and levelable sets in terms of index sets resembling the jump operator. From these characterizations we derive numerous consequences about the degrees and structure of speedable and levelable sets.
Modeling top management influence on ES implementation

How to minimize risks involved in enterprise systems (ES) implementation while maximizing benefits has become a challenge for top management. This article proposes a conceptual model exploring impacts of top management on ES implementation effectiveness. Taking a perspective of innovation implementation, this paper addresses two research questions: what influences does top management exercise on the ES implementation? Second, what does top management contribute to a successful ES implementation under different implementation modes? Based on Klein and Sorra’s model, this paper develops a research model and identifies three top management influences. The paper concludes with potential contributions to IS researchers and business practitioners.
Financial Incentives in Health Care

For years, the costs of health care in The Netherlands have been high and rising, but still no durable solution for this problem has been found. This study constructed an overview of payment policies for hospitals and medical specialists in the Netherlands between 1995 and 2016. It compared these payment policies with country-level health care expenditure data to examine the relationship between financial incentives for cost containment in provider payment systems and health care costs, so that lessons could be drawn on what steps can be taken towards better health provider payment systems. The study found that four big changes in the payment systems for hospitals and medical specialists have been introduced over the years. Those changes in payment policies went hand in hand with changes in the health care expenditures as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), where health care expenditures as a percentage of GDP were lower when cost containment incentives were stronger, and vice versa. Caution is needed in interpreting these relationships because of data limitations, but these findings suggest that in any future payment system cost containment incentives should be aligned and that it is time to create rest in the health care payment systems.
Distributed maximal independent set on inhomogeneous random graphs

A maximal independent set (MIS) on a graph is an inclusion-maximal set of mutually non-adjacent nodes. The problem of computing an MIS is one of the fundamental problems in the area of parallel and distributed algorithms. In this paper, we investigate the distributed maximal independent set problem on inhomogeneous random graphs by which the scale-free networks can be produced. Such a particular problem has been solved by state-of-the-art algorithms with time complexity of O(log n). We prove that on inhomogeneous random graphs with n nodes and power law exponent β ≥ 3, the arboricity and the degeneracy is less than 2(log n)1/3 with high probability (w.h.p.). Thus, the time complexity of finding an MIS on these graphs is O(log2/3 n). Furthermore, we propose a new algorithm for computing an MIS on inhomogeneous random graphs with power law exponent β < 3. The results of simulation studies show that the time complexity of the proposed algorithm is O(log2/3 n) for β < 3, which is better than O(log n).
Acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis in presence of concurrent ciprofibrate and ibuprofen treatment.

We report a case of acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis which occurred while the patient was taking ciprofibrate and ibuprofen. A 29 year old Asian man with type M hyperlipidaemia attended the lipid clinic with characteristic xanthomata. Initial cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were 14.8 mmol/l and 6.86 mmol/l, respectively. In addition to a lipid lowering diet, he received ciprofibrate 100 mg daily, which resulted in his …
Impaired Insight in Alzheimer's Disease

We studied insight into illness in 41 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. An impaired insight score was developed by measuring discrepancies between patient report and caregiver report on standard instruments of activities of daily living. Insight was more impaired in subjects with greater dementia severity and subjects with paranoid delusions. In a multivariate analysis, the best neuropsychological predictors of impaired insight were the Continuous Performance Test and the Visual Reproduction Test. We speculate that the impaired insight of Alzheimer's disease has two components: confabulation reflecting prefrontal dysfunction and anosognosia reflecting right-hemisphere dysfunction. (J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1991;4:189-193).
Study on the Evaluation and Promotion of the Service Quality of Travel Agencies in Harbin

In this paper, the measures of improvement to the service quality of the travel agencies in Harbin are proposed. Through the survey of tourist satisfaction rate, the questionnaire data were collected to obtain the quantitative analysis of the service satisfaction provided by tourists. Then the data is statistically analyzed using SPSS21.0 software to give the mean satisfaction rate of each aspect in regard to the service of the travel agencies. From which, the final improvement strategies for the service quality of the agencies in Harbin City are derived.
Stereochemistry of phytoene biosynthesis by isolated chloroplasts.

The incorporation of [2-(14)C,(5R)-5-(3)H(1)]MVA* and [2-(14)C,5-(3)H(2)]MVA into geranylgeraniol and phytoene by a preparation of ;non-aqueous' bean leaf chloroplasts has been studied. In the formation of phytoene from two molecules of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, the loss of hydrogen is stereospecific, the hydrogen atom lost from C-1 of each molecule of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being that which was originally the pro-S hydrogen atom from C-5 of mevalonate. All the pro-R hydrogen atoms from C-5 of mevalonate are retained. These results with a cell-free system confirm and extend the observations made in previous work with tomato slices.
The Influence of Thymus H‐2 Antigens on the Specificity of Maturing Killer and Helper Cells

The subject matter of this review is highly restricted. It covers only those T cells which exhibit a dual specificity, i. e. antigen specific T cells which are also specific for a particular self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) structure. In the mouse, where the MHC is called the H-2 complex, such T cells are referred to as H-2 restricted cells. In a functional way, H-2 restriction means that T cells from an U-2^ animal immunized against a foreign antigen (call it X) can perform when they are presented with X on H-2t' cells, but are apparantly "blind" to the correct antigen, X, on H-2'' or H-2'' cells. Killer and helper T cell functions are H-2 restricted! Obviously a killer cell has to focus its attention on cell membrane antigens to perform its effector function—killing abnormal cells. The signal from a helper T cell to a B cell also needs to be delivered at the B cell surface. The advantage of the dual specificity of these classes of T cells may be just this—to ensure that they do focus their attention on cell-membrane-bound antigen and avoid having their effector functions dissolved out by fruitless interactions with soluble antigens.
valuation of two singleplex reverse transcription-Insulated sothermal PCR tests and a duplex real-time RT-PCR test for the etection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine eltacoronavirus

Recent outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) in multiple countries have caused significant economic losses and remain a serious challenge to the swine industry. Rapid diagnosis is critical for the implementation of efficient control strategies before and during PEDV and PDCoV outbreaks. Insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) on the portable POCKITTM device is user friendly for on-site pathogen detection. In the present study, a singleplex PEDV RT-iiPCR, a singleplex PDCoV RT-iiPCR, and a duplex PEDV/PDCoV real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) commercial reagents targeting the M gene were compared to an N gene-based PEDV rRT-PCR and an M gene-based PDCoV rRT-PCR that were previously published and used as reference PCRs. All PCR assays were highly specific and did not cross react with other porcine enteric pathogens. Analytical sensitivities of the PEDV RT-iiPCR, PDCoV RT-iiPCR and duplex PEDV/PDCoV rRT-PCR were determined using in vitro transcribed RNA as well as viral RNA extracted from ten-fold serial dilutions of PEDV and PDCoV cell culture isolates. Performance of each PCR assay was further evaluated using 170 clinical samples (86 fecal swabs, 24 feces, 19 intestines, and 41 oral fluids). Compared to the reference PEDV rRT-PCR, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the PEDV RT-iiPCR were 97.73%, 98.78%, and 98.24%, respectively, and those of the duplex PEDV/PDCoV rRT-PCR were 98.86%, 96.34%, and 97.65%, respectively. Compared to the reference PDCoV rRT-PCR, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the PDCoV RT-iiPCR were 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, and those of the PEDV/PDCoV duplex rRT-PCR were 96.34%, 100%, and 98.24%, respectively. Overall, all three new PCR assays were comparable to the reference rRT-PCRs for detection of PEDV and/or PDCoV. The PEDV and PDCoV RT-iiPCRs are potentially useful tools for on-site detection and the duplex PEDV/PDCoV rRT-PCR provides a convenient method to simultaneously detect the two viruses and differentiate PEDV from PDCoV. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Texture feature extraction of mountain economic forest using high spatial resolution remote sensing images

The inventory of economic forest planting on mountainous area is of great interest for the shareholders, ecologists, and governors. This study presents a novel object-based remote sensing image texture extraction method to aid the classification of mountain economic forest. Whereas the texture pattern of man-planted forest on mountainous area are similar with human fingerprint on remote sensing images, then we integrated the fingerprint recognition method with the image object-based GLCM (gray-level co-occurrence matrix) texture extraction method to classify economic forest plantation. The given method firstly enhances the texture feature of segmented image objects using a 2D Gabor filter; and then carries out an image binaryzation process to the filtered image objects; it lastly uses GLCM to calculate the texture characteristics of each image object. The classification result of the presented method shows a considerable classification accuracy increment comparing to the image object-based GLCM texture extraction method.
5 Treatment of ANCA – Associated Vasculitis

ANCA – associated vasculitis (AAV) encompass Wegener granulomatosus (WG), Churg Strauss syndrome (CSS) and Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA). Granuloma formation characterizes both WG and CSS, while necrotising inflammation of middle to small arteries, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and production of ANCA typify all three of them. Common clinical and laboratory features point towards common pathogenetic mechanisms and thus therapeutic approach have evolved over the years from treatment of individual members of the group to unified treatment strategies. It is the presentation of the disease rather than a particular AAV that guides treatment decisions. Clinical subtypes of AAV according to the extend and the severity of the disease, have been proposed by the European Vasculitis Study (EUVAS) Group (Jayne & Rasmussen 1997) (Table 1): AAV can be presented as localized, early systemic, generalized, severe or refractory disease. This classification currently serves as the basis for the assignment of different treatment regimens. Forty years ago AAV was a rapidly fatal disease. One-year survival was estimated to be less than 20%, mainly due to pulmonary and/or renal failure and steroids-related infection (Hoffman et al. 1992). The introduction of oral cyclophosphamide (CyP) during the ‘70s radically changed the prognosis of AAV. Recent data from the EUVAS Group trials show that survival at 1-year is currently almost 90%. CyP in combination with prednisone remain today the cornerstone of treatment of AAV. However, several issues have emerged: a) there are still patients that either die early in the course of the disease or display progressive disease refractory to conventional treatment, b) relapses are frequent, affecting approximately 50% of patients with AAV during extended follow-up, c) the burden of drugrelated toxicity is high, as serious adverse events affect approximately 40% of the patients. In addition to glucocorticoids toxicity, CyP can acutely lead to cytopenias, hemorrhagic cystitis and infections along with late complications including gonadal insufficiency and infertility, myelodysplasias and bladder cancer. In an effort to minimize CyP toxicity as well as to find regimens that could replace CyP in cases of non-responding, refractory, or relapsing disease, several treatment options have been considered. During the last 20 years and despite the rarity of AAV, several multicenter, multi-national randomized control trials (RCTs) were conducted largely due to the combined efforts of EUVAS Group and the VCRC (Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium), which have altered our treatment practice as it will be discussed below. Treatment of AAV consists of an initial phase aiming at rapid induction of remission and a second phase where maintenance of remission is sought.
Management Practices of Successful Female Business Owners

This research project examines management techniques used by 58 female owners of small businesses in three eastern metropolitan areas. Data indicate that financially successful women owners delegate certain key tasks to employees, are more highly educated, and have more prior work experience than less successful females. The primary inadequacies reported by the women were difficulties in leading others and inability to delegate tasks. In addition to a lack of formal planning and policy setting, other seemingly important management functions did not materially affect sales or profit. Moreover, the level of mental and physical effort and degree of participative management were not significant criteria for success.
Cognitive, Psychological, and Social Drivers of Longevity

As people advance into their 80s, mental health becomes ever more important. Two nonsmoking octogenarians of identical age and gender, with the same body mass index, type of diet and physical exercise routine, may have markedly different prospects of living to 100. Cognitive and social functioning, and positive well-being, are key to living longer. Many activities that influence longevity are very cognitively demanding. For example, chronic illnesses require self-regulation to limit damage; better knowledge and reasoning help manage disease. With physical disease, longitudinal studies undertaken over the past half century have provided the empirical data upon which numerical models have been developed for the prevalence of cancer and cardiovascular disease. To explore the longevity impact of cognitive and social functioning and well-being, longitudinal studies have been undertaken over the past decade in many countries. A notable recent Scottish study has highlighted the widowhood effect: Analysis of mortality statistics of 58,000 married couples found significantly enhanced hazard ratios for both men and women. This paper evaluates the cognitive, psychological and social drivers of longevity by reviewing recent longitudinal studies, and analyzing the latest research on brain plasticity, positive psychology and elderly cohort survival, as well as new geriatric psychological theories on successful aging. A quantitative assessment is then made of the actuarial implications of these drivers for modeling the mortality of elderly annuitants, with new insights into what factors keep people progressing purposefully into advanced age, beyond avoiding disease.
Flexible Single-Component-Polymer Resistive Memory for Ultrafast and Highly Compatible Nonvolatile Memory Applications

A novel flexible polymer resistive memory device based on single-component polymer polychloro-para-xylylene (parylene-C) sandwiched between Al or Cu top electrode and W bottom electrode is presented in this letter. With 4 × 4 crossbar array, the polymer memory device is fabricated by standard photolithograph technology, due to the chemical stability and the immunity of parylene-C to the chemicals and solvents in lithographic process. The device exhibits a good memory margin of more than 107 on/off current ratio, as well as ultrafast programming/erasing speed (<;15 ns). Moreover, a good retention time of more than 2.5 × 105 s and a cycling endurance of more than 130 program-read-erase-read cycles are obtained in this polymer memory device. The successfully demonstrated performance of this polymer memory shows great potential for transparent, flexible, and high-density memory applications and hybrid integration with CMOS back-end process.
On Phase Transition in the Hard-Core Model on ${\mathbb Z}^d$

It is shown that the hard-core model on ${{\mathbb Z}}^d$ exhibits a phase transition at activities above some function $\lambda(d)$ which tends to zero as $d\rightarrow \infty$. More precisely, consider the usual nearest neighbour graph on ${{\mathbb Z}}^d$, and write ${\cal E}$ and ${\cal O}$ for the sets of even and odd vertices (defined in the obvious way). Set $${\cal G}L_M={\cal G}L_M^d =\{z\in{{\mathbb Z}}^d:\|z\|_{\infty}\leq M\},\quad \partial^{\star} {\cal G}L_M =\{z\in{{\mathbb Z}}^d:\|z\|_{\infty}= M\},$$ and write ${\cal I}({\cal G}L_M)$ for the collection of independent sets (sets of vertices spanning no edges) in ${\cal G}L_M$. For $\lambda>0$ let ${\bf I}$ be chosen from ${\cal I}({\cal G}L_M)$ with $\Pr({\bf I}=I) \propto \lambda^{|I|}$. TheoremThere is a constant$C$such that if$\lambda > Cd^{-1/4}\log^{3/4}d$, then$$\lim_{M\rightarrow\infty}\Pr(\underline{0}\in{\bf I}|{\bf I}\supseteq \partial^{\star} {\cal G}L_M\cap {\cal E})~> \lim_{M\rightarrow\infty}\Pr(\underline{0}\in{\bf I}| {\bf I}\supseteq \partial^{\star} {\cal G}L_M\cap {\cal O}). $$ Thus, roughly speaking, the influence of the boundary on behaviour at the origin persists as the boundary recedes.
Transport mechanisms of bestatin in rabbit intestinal brush-border membranes: role of H+/dipeptide cotransport system.

Bestatin [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl-L-leucine], a potent inhibitor of aminopeptidase B and leucine aminopeptidase, enhances the immune response to activate the defense mechanism of the living organism and suppresses the growth and metastasis of cancer. Bestatin has been effectively used by p.o. administration, but the mechanisms of intestinal absorption remain to be solved. The present study was undertaken to examine whether bestatin, a dipeptide containing an unusual amino acid, is transported via dipeptide carriers in intestinal brush-border membranes, by using cephradine as a probe for the H+/dipeptide cotransport system. The initial uptake of cephradine in the presence or absence of an inward H+ gradient, driving force, was inhibited by bestatin and this inhibition occurred in a competitive manner (Ki = 0.47 mM). The uptake of cephradine was stimulated by the countertransport effect of bestatin, the definitive criterion for ascertaining a common transport system. These findings indicate that bestatin, as well as cephradine and other p.o. cephalosporins, can be transported via dipeptide carriers in intestinal brush-border membranes.
Global Risk Factors and the Prediction of Recidivism Rates in a Sample of First-Time Misdemeanant Offenders

This article examines the prediction of recidivism using the Global Risk Assessment Device (GRAD), a reliable and valid measure of dynamic factors associated with family characteristics, peers, mental health, substance abuse, trauma exposure, educational concerns, accountability, and health risks. Using a sample of adult caregivers of first-time misdemeanant offenders, two factors—education and accountability—were significantly associated with recidivistic behavior, supporting the use of GRAD data in correctly identifying first-time offenders who have the greatest and the least likelihood for future offending behavior. Additional analyses utilizing parent reports on African American males indicate that the GRAD provides discrimination in the prediction of recidivism in a group typically seen as being high risk simply because of their gender and race. The assessment drives intervention approach of the GRAD is discussed in terms of using reports from adults to accurately place youth into appropriate levels of supervision and treatment.