Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A VALUE FOR n-PERSON GAMFB

ii'1,,1 ~! I . At the foundation of the theory of games is the assumption that the players f a game can evaluate, in their utility scales, every "prospect" that ght arise as a result of a play. In attempting to apply the theory to an fieid, on~ would n,ormally expect to be permitted to include, in the class of "prospects," the prospect of having to playa game. The possibility f evaluating games is therefore of critical importance. So long as the heory is unable to assign values to the games typically found in applicati n, only relatively simple situatlons --where games do not t d~end on ot er games --will be susceptible to analysis and solution. 2 In the fln1te theory of von Neumann and Morgenstern difficulty in evaluatio perslsts for the "essential" games, and for only those. In this note we deduce a value for the "essential" case and examine a number of its eleme tary properties. We proceed from a set of three axioms, i, J having simpl intuitive interpretations, which suffice to determine the ! t,1 value unique y. ~ J present work, though mathematlcally self-contained, is founded'1Ii conceptual on the von Neumann-Morgenstern theory up to their introductlon ~ of charact stic functlons. We thereby iriheri t certain important under-: lylilg assump ions: (a) that utllity is objective and transfer~ble; j (b) that g es are cooper~ti~e affairs; (c) that games, ~anting (a) and ~ (b), are ade uately represented by their characteristic functions. However, ~ we are not c mmitted to the assumptlons rega~ing rational behavior embodied " ' j in the von N umann-Morgenstern notion of "solut~on. " j ~ W shall think of a "game" as a set of rules with specified1 players in t e playing positions. The rules alone describe what we shall
Instantons and quantum tunneling

Koji Usami∗ (Dated: October 16, 2017) We shall now learn how the Feynman path integral can be used to deal with a particle in an doublewell potential with two minima. The particle in such a potential undergoes quantum tunnelings. To handle these tunnelings we introduce the instantons along with the Euclidean path integral. The instantons are playing important roles in modern physics and mathematics. The instanton living in a double-well potential we shall consider is the simplest among these.
Modélisation formelle de protocoles RFID distance-bounding

Les cartes à puce, permettant l’identification des objets et des personnes, sont maintenant omniprésentes dans tous les domaines de la société. La radio-identification (RFID) est une technologie qui permet aux puces de s’identifier à distance. Les tags RFID comprennent une antenne associée à la puce électronique qui leur permettent de recevoir et de répondre aux requêtes émises par le lecteur de carte. Le potentiel de la technologie RFID permet de l’appliquer non seulement à l’identification, mais aussi à des applications plus complexes comme le contrôle d’accès, la gestion des transports publics, le paiement. Dans ce but, des protocoles cryptographiques spécialement adaptés aux capacités des puces RFID ont été développés.
CINNAMON: ALL ROUND MEDICINAL SPICE

Nutraceuticals are products, which other than nutrition are also used as medicine. A nutraceutical product may be defined as a substance, which has physiological benefit or provides protection against chronic disease. Nutraceuticals may be used to improve health, delay the aging process, prevent chronic diseases, increase life expectancy, or support the structure or function of the body. Nowadays, nutraceuticals have received considerable interest due to potential nutritional, safety and therapeutic effects. Recent studies have shown promising results for these compounds in various complications. In the present review much effort has been devoted to present cinnamon as a nutraceutical based on its disease modifying indications. Cinnamon is one of the most important and widely used spices in the kitchen. Cinnamon contains vital oils and derivatives which makes it a medicinal spice. Emphasis has been made to present cinnamon nutraceutical effective on hard curative disorders related to oxidative stress including, cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, eye, immune, inflammatory and Parkinson's diseases as well as obesity.
Stock mispricing induced by an outdated stock market index

Although a capitalization-weighted stock market index is regarded as an adequate index to measure the performance of the market, some other outdated indexes, e.g., a price-weighted stock market index, remain influential and representative. In this study, we show that the outdated weighting system of the market index causes significant mispricing. As an influential, albeit outdated stock market index, we focus on the Nikkei 225. We find that overweight stocks, i.e., index constituents with high share prices, experience excessively strong buying (selling) pressure when stock market surges (falls), and experience strong price correction after such periods of change. Contrarily, we find that non-constituent stocks with high share prices do not experience such trading pressure. In addition, the study’s results suggest that a constituent selection system does not induce mispricing. Our findings support the view that the outdated weighting system of the index causes significant mispricing when the market moves. JEL classification: G2, G14, G17, G23
Faculty Strategies for Facilitating Interdisciplinary Collaboration

Building on prior work, this study uses the framework of disciplinary egocentrism to examine faculty roles in facilitating interdisciplinarity. Observation notes and a transcription of an audio recording from a team meeting with a technical advisor were selected for this analysis. This particular meeting was selected from a series of meetings in which the students were developing a testing plan. Developing the testing plan became a complex task because the students drew upon their disciplinary and practical viewpoints to explain concepts and argue strategies. In this meeting, the advisor provided additional insights and mediated some of these differences. Further analysis of the interactions between students as well as the technical advisor reveals opportunities to develop strategies and/or interventions to guide students through conflict to reach a shared understanding of content knowledge. This paper will discuss the observations and present strategies faculty can use when guiding students through such conflicts.
BIODEGRADATION OF XENOBIOTICS- A WAY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DETOXIFICATION

Man-made compounds, also known as xenobiotics, are often refractory to degradation. The main reason is that they cannot be recognized by naturally present organisms and therefore do not enter common metabolic pathways. The physical and chemical characteristics of the compounds, as well as environmental factors, may influence their biodegradability. The main degraders in nature are microorganisms, mostly bacteria and some fungi. These organisms, due to their rapid rates of multiplication and great metabolic potential, are able to adapt to new substrates. Selection of degradative potent microorganisms and their successive adaptation to a naturally persistent compound might be a powerful means for environmental detoxification. Better understanding of metabolic pathways for the biodegradation of specific organic compounds as well as more thorough knowledge of degrading microorganisms will make purposeful application of biodegradation possible. This article is focused on the different properties of microbial degradation of xenobiotics.
Proprioceptive Sensor Fusion for Quadruped Robot State Estimation

Estimation of a quadruped’s state is fundamentally important to its operation. In this paper we develop a low-level state estimator for quadrupedal robots that includes attitude, odometry, ground reaction forces, and contact detection. The state estimator is divided into three parts. First, a nonlinear observer estimates attitude by fusing inertial measurements. The attitude estimator is globally exponentially stable and is able to initialize with large errors in the initial state estimates whereas a state-of-the-art EKF would diverge. This is practical for situations when the robot has fallen over and needs to start from its side. Second, leg odometry is calculated with encoders, force sensors, and torque sensors in the robot’s joints. Lastly, the leg odometry and inertial measurements are fused to obtain linear position and velocity. We experimentally validate the state estimator using a novel dataset from the HyQ robot. For the entirety of the experiment the estimated attitude matched the ground truth data and had a root mean square error (RMSE) of [2 1 5] deg, the velocity estimates has a RMSE of [0.11 0.15 0.04] m/s, and the position estimates, which are unobservable, drifted on average [2 1 8] mm/s.
Wide Residual Network for the Tiny ImageNet Challenge

The Tiny ImageNet challenge is a small scale version of the full ImageNet classification challenge. We investigate how a wide residual network performs on this dataset and compare it with a deeper but narrower residual network. In addition, with the objective of obtaining a low test error rate, we fine-tune a pretrained 18-layer residual model. The pretrained model performed well and achieved 0.324 test error and 72.8 accuracy on the validation set.
Late Miocene Trapa L. (Trapaceae) of Sośnica (SW Poland) revisited

Fossil fruits of Trapa from the Late Miocene sediments of Sośnica (SW Poland), described by Goeppert as Trapa silesiaca and T. bifrons, are revised and re-illustrated. The discovery of additional morphological features has enabled a precise characterization of T. silesiaca to be realized with resultant emendation of its diagnosis. The lectotype of T. silesiaca is formally designated and an epitype selected for the purpose of providing a precise application of the name T. silesiaca. Studies of specimens from the original collection determined by Goeppert as T. bifrons confirmed earlier suggestions that this species is conspecific with T. silesiaca. The correct citation of Trapa assmanniana (Goeppert) Gothan in Potonié described and illustrated by Goeppert from Sośnica as Populus assmanniana is provided. The taphocoenosis of fossil plants from Sośnica is also briefly characterized.
The effects of tongue plate and tongue appliance on maxillary deficiency in growing patients

Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cranio Maxillofacial Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Dental School, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Clinical Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
THE CAUSAL LINKS BETWEEN VOLUNTARY CSR DISCLOSURE A ND INFORMATION ASYMMETRY . THE MODERATING ROLE OF THE S TAKEHOLDER PROTECTION

This paper is focused on demonstrating whether those companies that voluntarily disclose information regarding CSR to a greater extent by increasing the availability of information – not only for investors but also for stakeholders –achieve a decrease in information asymmetry problems. In addition, we analyse this relationship in environments characterized by a greater commitment and orientation to stakeholders. Making use of an international sample of 575 companies for the period 2003–2009, our empirical evidence shows how voluntary disclosure regarding CSR aspects reduces the problems of asymmetric information between the different market agents, which is especially important in environments characterized by a strong focus and commitment to stakeholders. In addition, this evidence is complemented by showing the bidirectional relationship between voluntary disclosure and asymmetric information in such environments. Thus, greater asymmetric information leads to higher voluntary information disclosure practices, which are able to reduce the agency problem in environments characterized by strong socially responsible commitment.
Cloning, purification and characterization of Bacillus mannanases

THAI). I ABSTRACT IN (ENGLISH). III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.V CONTENTS.VI LIST OF TABLES.IX LIST OF FIGURES.X LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.XIIIIN (ENGLISH). III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.V CONTENTS.VI LIST OF TABLES.IX LIST OF FIGURES.X LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.XIII CHAPTER
Polarization in multiparty systems

Polarization is widely seen to have important implications in politics and a large literature addresses the causes and consequences of polarization. It is, therefore, interesting that there is little consensus about how polarization should be measured and, sometimes, the measurement of appears to be a mere afterthought. While measuring polarization in two party systems is a relatively simple exercise, the same can not be said about multiparty systems. Here we aim to oﬀer some insights into how we ought to go about measuring polarization by considering how polarization aﬀects political outcomes in diﬀerent political scenarios (e.g., legislative bargaining and coalition formation). We do not propose a ‘best’ measure of polarization but rather suggest that the choice of a measure should depend on the type of political problem under study. In other words, we demonstrate that it is essential that theoretical argument and measurement strategy are closely tied together
Predicting Undergraduate Admission: A Case Study in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Bangladesh

The university admission tests find the applicant's ability to admit to the desired university. Nowadays, there is a huge competition in the university admission tests. The failure in the admission tests makes an examinee depressed. This paper proposes a method that predicts undergraduate admission in universities. It can help students to improve their preparation to get a chance at their desired university. Many factors are responsible for the failure or success in an admission test. Educational data mining helps us to analyze and extract information from these factors. Here, the authors apply three machine learning algorithms XGBoost, LightGBM, and GBM on a collected dataset to estimate the probability of getting admission to the university after attending or before attending the admission test. They also evaluate and compare the performance levels of these three algorithms based on two different evaluation metrics – accuracy and F1 score. Furthermore, the authors explore the important factors which influence predicting undergraduate admission. Keywords—Undergraduate admission; educational data mining; XGBoost; Light GBM; GBM; evaluation metrics
High-order discontinuous Galerkin Difference cut-cell discretization

Wepresent a high-order discontinuousGalerkin difference (DGD) discretization for cut-cell meshes. We leverage the DGD reconstruction procedure to ameliorate the small-cell problem associated with cut-cells. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the conditioning of DGD discretizations is insensitive to cut-cell sizes for linear problems in oneand two-dimensions. In addition, results are presented that verify the accuracy of the DGD discretization applied to the Euler equations.
Evolving Cellular Automata Rules for Maze Generation

Maze running games represent a popular genre of video games and the automated design of playable mazes thus provides an interesting research challenge for computational intelligence research in games. The ability to automatically create levels would be of particular beneﬁt to maze running games as they require a large number of mazes per game. The automatic generation of mazes removes a large time bottleneck in maze running game development, the manual creation of mazes by expensive designers. We therefore attack the problem of automatically designing mazes using a genetic algorithm. However a genetic algorithm requires measuring the quality of the generated mazes in order to function. This poses a problem as human players have diﬀering opinions on what makes mazes enjoyable. We therefore ﬁrst have a human user acting as a ﬁtness function guide an interactive genetic algorithm that generates mazes in order to collect data on what types of mazes human players ﬁnd interesting. Analysis of the generated mazes by our human experts led to two properties that appear in mazes that players found interesting; path length and number of dead ends. We then created ﬁtness functions based upon these properties to guide a non-interactive genetic algorithm. To show the viability of our approach we compared genetic algorithm generated mazes against the global optimum found by exhaustive search on a small, though non-trivial maze generation problem. The genetic algorithm generates mazes on average within 90% of optimal, producing a maze of such quality or better 65% of the time while having a ﬂoor level of performance at about 80% of optimum. We then expanded our experiment by creating a new probabilistic representation, increasing the overall search space for our genetic algorithm. The probabilistic representation produced mazes that achieved higher ﬁtness scores than even the optimum for our previous experiment. These results provide evidence that genetic algorithms are a viable approach to automatic maze generation in maze games.
Effects and mitigation of realistic readout noise in Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm

We introduce a correlated measurement noise model which can be efficiently described and characterized, and which admits noise-mitigation on the level of marginal probability distributions. The model can be efficiently characterized using the Quantum Overlapping Tomography technique. We perform experiments on 11 qubits of IBM’s quantum device and conclude an excellent agreement with our noise model. Finally, we study the effects of the proposed measurement noise model on the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), including a study of what kind of covariances could appear in typical states.
Formation of a Ground‐State Charge‐Transfer Complex in Polyfluorene//[6,6]‐Phenyl‐C61 Butyric Acid Methyl Ester (PCBM) Blend Films and Its Role in the Function of Polymer/PCBM Solar Cells

Evidence is presented for the formation of a weak ground‐state charge‐transfer complex in the blend films of poly[9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐N‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)diphenylamine] polymer (TFMO) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), using photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Comparison of this polymer blend with other polyfluorene polymer/PCBM blends shows that the appearance of this ground‐state charge‐transfer complex is correlated to the ionization potential of the polymer, but not to the optical gap of the polymer or the surface morphology of the blend film. Moreover, the polymer/PCBM blend films in which this charge‐transfer complex is observed also exhibit efficient photocurrent generation in photovoltaic devices, suggesting that the charge‐transfer complex may be involved in charge separation. Possible mechanisms for this charge‐transfer state formation are discussed as well as the significance of this finding to the understanding and optimization of polymer blend solar cells.
Research on Cloud Resource Hadoop Cluster Scheduling Algorithm Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

: Today, the number of data and users enterprises are facing is increasing. At the same time, cross industry access to business systems (traffic, data storage and management pressure are higher than in the past). These "big users, big data, big systems" have become problems. The necessary conditions for the development of cloud computing. With the development of information technology, cloud computing has become an important solution to the challenges of information and social big data. Cloud computing applications put forward higher and higher requirements for the quality of service of virtual resources. Is cloud task scheduling a key problem affecting the quality of service of virtual resources? It has become a research hotspot. Swarm intelligence algorithm is an important analysis method to solve optimization problems. In recent years, it has achieved good results in scheduling problems.
Affective polarization across parties: why do people dislike some parties more than others?

Affective polarization, or dislike between citizens with opposing political identities, has received increasing attention as a driver of political attitudes and behavior. However, as this research has mainly examined the case of the US, little attention has been paid to how such dislike varies based on the out-group party, as Republicans and Democrats each only have one out-group party. In multiparty systems, the patterns of dislike become more complex, as do the causes underlying them. To study this question, we use almost thirty years of monthly data from the German Politbarometer surveys. We expect that dislike of particular parties will be driven by three factors: the make-up of partisan groups; the issue content of intergroup conflict; and information signaling. Our results help us to understand when citizens dislike other parties and thus provide insights into how affective polarization varies over time, across parties and between citizens. Version: 16 October 2020
Follow-up of the patient with automatic implantable cardioverter- defibrillator

 M Cruz Cardentey Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras San Lázaro 701, e/ Belascoaín y Marqués González. Centro Habana 10300. La Habana, Cuba. E-mail address: marleny.cruz@infomed.sld. cu ABSTRACT Introduction: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators improve the survival of patients at risk of sudden cardiac death. There is relatively little data in our country about their follow-up effectiveness. Objectives: To describe the outcome of patients with primo-implantation of an automatic cardioverter-defibrillator during follow-up. Methods: An ambispective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in 47 patients with primo-implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator in the period September 2007 to December 2016, ending on December 31, 2017. The cumulative probability of survival was estimated through the Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: Mean age was 57 ± 14.6 years, with male predominance (74.5%) and indication in secondary prevention (83%). Adequate therapies were found in 57.4% of patients, inadequate therapies in 23.4%, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator proarrhythmia in 14.9% and arrhythmic storm in 12.8% of patients. Adequate therapies were related to an ejection fraction ≤ 35% (p=0.022) and age (p=0.031). Cumulative free survival from the first event at four years was 34,7%. Cardiovascular mortality was related to: existence of structural heart disease (p=0.044), ejection fraction ≤ 35% (p<0.001), functional class III-IV (p=0.046), adequate therapies (p=0.014) and arrhythmic storm (p=0.002). Cumulative free survival of cardiovascular mortality was 70.7% at the fourth year. Conclusions: The survival of patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is satisfactory. Mortality is associated with further deterioration of cardiovascular status and with device therapies.