Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influenza A virus induces regulated T cell-driven B cell responses

Protection from influenza A virus (IAV) challenge requires switched, high affinity Abs derived from long-lived memory B cells and plasma cells. These subsets are generated in germinal centers (GCs), hallmark structures of T helper cell-driven B cell immunity. A full understanding of the acute and persistent GC B cell reaction following respiratory IAV infection is lacking, as is the characterization of IAV-induced T follicular helper (TFH) cells that support GCs. Additionally, it remains unclear as to whether IAV-induced GC B cells are subject to control by regulatory T cells (Tregs). To address this, GC B cell and TFH cell responses were analyzed in mice following pulmonary challenge with IAV. Studies demonstrated that marked GC reactions were induced in lung-draining lymph nodes (dLNs), lung, spleen and nasalassociated lymphoid tissue (NALT), although the magnitude, kinetics, and isotype switching patterns of the response was site-specific, and largely depended on the magnitude of IAV-induced TFH cell populations. TFH cell magnitude peaked prior to that of GC B cells in all tissues, and TFH cells purified from dLNs generated IL-21 and IFNγ upon activation, although CD4CXCR5 T effector cells produced higher levels of all cytokines. IgA GC B cells were infrequent in most sites, but composed a significant subset of the switched GC population in NALT. Further, splenectomized mice withstood a lethal recall challenge, suggesting the spleen to be unnecessary for long-term protection. Additionally, GC B cell populations were analyzed at distal time points to assess the understudied, persistent GC B cell response after IAV infection. Our analysis demonstrated that persistent GC B cell populations in mouse lungs directly correlated with infectious dose, pathogenicity of the virus, as well as the presence of long-term CD4 T cell help. Finally, experiments showed that Tregs contribute to the control of GCs induced in the spleen by IAV challenge. This was demonstrated by a marked increase in the
Antibacterial activity of Euterpe oieracea Mart. seeds against clinical isolates

Introduction: The use of antibiotics – including the overand misuse – in human and veterinary practices selected for resistant pathogens led to their emergence and dissemination along with the transmission of resistant bacteria [1]. Due to this problem, there is a need to investigate new strategies to reverse this tendency in order to achieve the appropriate and effective treatment against infections. Aims: The present work aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of an aqueous extract prepared from Euterpe Oleracea Mart. (acai) seeds (originated from Brazil [2]), against clinical isolates from “Centro Hospitalar de Tras-os-Montes e Alto DouroUnidade de Vila Real”, with high resistance profiles to different antibiotics. Material and Methods: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were determined by the colorimetric assay based on the use of p-iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) dye, after application of the microdilution method. Results and discussion: The acai aqueous extract showed antimicrobial activity against all the tested Gram-positive bacteria. The lowest MICs (0.25 mg/ml) were obtained against Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA), followed by the MIC 0.5 mg/ml correspondent to Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis. Regarding the inhibition of the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, the extract was active against Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii with MICs 1 mg/ml e 2 mg/ml, respectively. The results were better for Gram-positive bacteria in comparison with Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: However, even at low concentration (2 mg/ml) the results are very promising for Gram-negative bacteria with high resistance profiles and commonly related with health care-associated infections, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Key-words: Clinical isolates; multiresistance; acai seeds; antibacterial activity References [1] Marshall, B.M. , Levy, S.B. , 2011. Food animals and antimicrobials: impacts on human health. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 24, 718–733. [2] Barros, L. , Calhelha, R.C. , Queiroz, M.J.R.P., Santos-Buelga, C. , Santos, E.A. , Regis, W.C. B. , Ferreira, I.C. F.R. 2015. The powerful in vitro bioactivity of Euterpe oleracea Mart. seeds and related phenolic compounds. Ind. Crop. Prod. 76, 318–322. CERTIF CADO DE PARTI C PACAO A Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude do Porto (ESTSP) IPP certifica que Maria Alves apresentou a Comunicacao Oral, inserida na Sessao de Comunicacoes Orais Tema Livre/ intitulada "Antibacteria! activity of Euterpe oieracea Mart. seeds against clinicai isolates " da autoria de Maria Alves e (CO-AUTORES) Helena Pimentel/ Isabel Ferreira, Wiliam Regis, Lilia Baia, Rafaela Soares e Claudia Santos no II Congresso Internacional de Saude Gaia-Porto "Do Diagnostico a Intervencao" que decorreu no ISEP (Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto) no Porto, nos dias 19, 20-e 21 de
The Composition of Honey

Sugar in honey is not a single species, but consists of three kinds of sugar. These are the fruit sugar (fructose), which has among the highest (41%), grape sugar (glucose), which has about 34% of ordinary sugar (sucrose) which is between 1 and 2%. The ratio of one type of sugar to other depends of the source, ie flower pasture, and to some extent on enzyme invertase, which breaks down regular sugar in grape and fruit. This enzyme is located in the flower from which the bees collect nectar, but it is also present in the bees body.
µ/δ Cooperativity and opposing κ‐opioid effects in nucleus accumbens‐mediated antinociception in the rat

We previously demonstrated that noxious peripheral stimulation (e.g. subdermal capsaicin injection in the hind paw) produces antinociception that is mediated by opioid receptors in nucleus accumbens. The current study used the trigeminal jaw‐opening nociceptive reflex responses in the rat to assess the role of intra‐accumbens µ‐, δ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors in the antinociceptive effect of noxious stimulation and intra‐accumbens opioid agonism. Whilst intra‐accumbens injection of either the µ‐receptor‐selective antagonist Cys2,Tyr3,Orn5,Pen7amide (CTOP) or the δ‐receptor‐selective antagonist naltrindole blocked capsaicin‐induced antinociception, neither the selective µ‐agonist [D‐Ala2,N‐Me‐Phe4,Gly5‐ol]‐enkephalin (DAMGO; 150 or 300 ng) nor the selective δ‐agonist D‐Pen2,5‐enkephalin (DPDPE; 150 or 300 ng) alone induced antinociception. Simultaneous injection of DAMGO and DPDPE (150 ng each), however, produced significant antinociception. Capsaicin‐induced antinociception was not blocked by the selective κ‐receptor antagonist nor‐binaltorphimine, but was blocked by the κ‐agonist U69,593. U69,593 also antagonized the antinociceptive effect of the DAMGO/DPDPE combination. Thus, in nucleus accumbens, µ‐ and δ‐ but not κ‐opioid receptors contributed to capsaicin‐induced antinociception; selective activation of individual receptor subtypes was insufficient, but coactivation of µ‐ and δ‐opioid receptors induced antinociception, and κ‐receptors appeared to play an antianalgesic role in nucleus accumbens.
Model life tables for the smaller new world monkeys

Mortality statistics from five populations of small New World monkeys (includinsg Callithrix jaccus, Leontopithecus rosalia, Saguinus fuscicollis, and Saguinus oedipus) were combined to generate a standard model life table reflecting the mortality patterns of these primates. The model is applied to three individual populations to illustrate a strategy for smoothing and interpolating mortality statistics of varying completeness and quality. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amino Acid Sequence of the Small Subunit of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase from Spinach

The complete amino acid sequence of the small subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from spinach has been determined. There are 120 amino acids. The N-terminus of the protein is frequently blocked. There is a tyrosine-proline substitution at position 91 and the average molecular weight of the two forms is 13 897. The interest of the sequence data for students of physiology and evolution is discussed.
Physiological and pathological roles of purines: An update

In this review article, the early history of studies of purinergic neurotransmission and of purinoceptor subclassification is described. This is followed by a survey of current knowledge of the distribution of purinoceptors and of the physiological roles of purines in the nervous system, muscle, secretory, endocrine and immune cells, as well as in spermatocytes, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and tumour cells. Recent studies of transduction mechanisms for different purinoceptor subtypes, as well as reports of the molecular properties of encoding genes for purinoceptors, are reviewed. The evolution of purinergic mechanisms and the long‐term ‘trophic’ actions of purines are discussed. Finally, the clinical potential of purines and related compounds for various cardiovascular and behavioural disorders. As well as for inflammation and cancer are considered. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of lignosulfonate-treated canola meal and soybean meal as rumen undegradable protein supplements for lambs

An experiment was undertaken to determine the effect of lignosulfonate (LSO3) treatment on the rumen-undegradable protein (RUDP) value of canola meal (CM) and soybean meal (SM). Canola meal and SM were treated with 7% LSO3 and heated (95 °C) for 1 h. Treated and untreated meals were compared in vitro, in situ and in digestibility and growth experiments using Romanov × Suffolk and Romanov × Dorset lambs. Lambs were fed four barley-based diets [13.5% crude protein (CP)] with one of CM, SM, LSO3-treated CM (LSO3-CM) or LSO3-treated SM (LSO3-SM) as protein supplements. Lignosulfonate treatment increased acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) five-fold in SM and threefold in CM. After 6 h incubation with ruminal fluid, ammonia production from LSO3-treated meals was one-half that from untreated meals. Lignosulfonate treatment reduced (P < 0.01) in situ rates of dry matter (DM) and protein disappearance and the soluble DM and protein fractions for both SM and CM, but not the potentially digestible fractions. N.
Migration neuronale chez l’adulte : slit trouve sa voie

> Dans le cerveau des vertebres, les interneurones du bulbe olfactif se renouvellent tout au long de la vie de l’animal (➜). Le maintien chez l’adulte d’une production de neurones revet un interet tout particulier dans le cadre du developpement de strategies de reparation du systeme nerveux par therapie cellulaire. Les interneurones naissent dans la zone subventriculaire qui borde les ventricules lateraux, et migrent vers le bulbe olfactif, suivant un trajet appele «courant rostral de migration» (Figure 1A). Le mode de migration de ces neurones est tres particulier et qualifie de migration en chaine (Figure 1B) [1]. Les cellules migrent les unes sur les autres sans utiliser apparemment d’autre support, alors que la plupart des precurseurs neuronaux migrent de facon isolee sur les fibres de la glie radiale ou les projections axonales. La migration en chaine permet de transporter rapidement un nombre important de cellules sur une longue distance (chez la souris, plusieurs millimetres separent la zone sous-ventriculaire du bulbe olfactif). Les mecanismes qui controlent la migration cellulaire et la croissance axonale sont a de nombreux egards identiques, et mettent en jeu des molecules qui permettent aux cellules et aux axones non seulement de migrer, mais aussi de s’orienter dans la bonne direction. La reponse cellulaire est induite par des molecules de signalisation qui assurent la transduction de ces signaux environnementaux. Plusieurs familles de ces facteurs de « guidage » ont ete identifiees, parmi lesquelles les ephrines, les semaphorines ou encore la famille des proteines Slit (➜). Par l’intermediaire de leurs recepteurs membranaires, ces facteurs reglent l’activite des petites proteines G de la famille des RhoGTPases (avec trois acteurs principaux, RhoA, Rac1 et Cdc42). L’activite de ces RhoGTPases est controlee par Institut de Biologie du Developpement de Marseille, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France. durbec@ibdm.univ-mrs.fr castellani@ibdm.univ-mrs.fr
Teleost Skeletal Plasticity: Modulation, Adaptation, and Remodelling

The vertebrate skeleton is a plastic organ system and the skeleton of teleosts is no exception. Epigenetic factors during development influence skeletal anatomy, mechanical properties, and meristic characters. The adult teleost skeleton undergoes changes connected to mechanical adaptation, repair, mineral homeostasis, sexual maturation, and aging. Vestiges, rudiments, atavisms, hyperostotic bones, additional tooth rows, and variable numbers of vertebral bodies are prominent examples of variable characters. Morphological changes require changes of skeletal structures on the cellular level, including modulation, transdifferentiation, and remodelling. Alterations at the cellular level are best understood by acknowledging those characters that distinguish teleost skeletons from mammalian skeletons: (a) the absence of osteocytes in most species of teleosts; (b) abundant mononucleated osteoclasts that perform non-lacunar bone resorption; (c) a phosphorous- rather than a calcium-driven mineral homeostasis; and (d) a variety of tissue types intermediate between bone and cartilage. This brief account of teleost skeletal plasticity shows that the teleost skeleton is a lifelong plastic organ system. Using examples, also from our own studies, we provide examples of skeletal plasticity at various hierarchical levels.
Etiologic agents and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in urinary tract infections in Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases has emerged as an important mechanism of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing isolates in (urinary tract infections). ESBL-production was tested by the double-disc synergy method and more confirmed by PCR amplification. Out of 188 isolated microorganisms Escherichia coli (80%) was the most frequent. Production was determined in 14.5% of clinically gram negative isolates. CTX-M type was the most prevalent type (12.7%) and SHV and TEM type were in the next ranks. Our data indicate the spread of these enzymes in clinically gram negative isolates in urinary tract samples collected from two general hospitals of Sanandaj. Key words: Urinary tract infections; extended-spectrum βeta-lactamase; Escherichia coli
Antibacterial activity of extracts of six macroalgae from the northeastern brazilian coast

Hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts of six marine macroalgae (Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta) from North Ceara coast (Northeast Brazil) were evaluated for antibacterial activity by the single disk method. Best results were shown by the hexane extracts of Amansia multifida against enteric Gram-negative strains such as Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, S. cholerae-suis, Serratia marcescens, Vibrio cholerae and the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
Teste de condutividade elétrica em sementes de maracujazeiro-amarelo

RESUMO - O teste de condutividade eletrica pode proporcionar informacoes importantes e complementares sobre o potencial fisiologico de sementes em periodo de tempo relativamente curto, visto que o teste de germinacao se completa aos 28 dias para sementes de maracuja. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiencia do teste de condutividade eletrica na avaliacao do potencial fisiologico e padronizar a metodologia para sementes de maracuja-amarelo. Quatro lotes de sementes foram submetidos aos testes de germinacao e vigor (primeira contagem, envelhecimento acelerado, indice de velocidade de germinacao e emergencia de plântulas em casa de vegetacao), incluindo o teste de condutividade eletrica, conduzido com 25 e 50 sementes imersas em 50 e 75 mL de agua desionizada,e as leituras realizadas apos tres, seis, nove, 12 e 24 h de embebicao. Somente o lote 2 apresentou comportamento de baixo vigor apontado pelos testes de primeira contagem, emergencia de plântulas e condutividade eletrica. A determinacao do vigor de sementes de maracuja-amarelo por meio do teste de condutividade eletrica pode ser realizada utilizando 50 sementes e 75 mL apos 24 h de embebicao. Termos para Indexacao: Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. , testes de vigor, germinacao, lixiviacao, padronizacao. ELETRICAL CONDUCTIVITY TEST FOR YELLOW PASSION FRUIT SEEDS
A combined approach to the phylogeny of Cephalopoda (Mollusca)

Cephalopoda represents a highly diverse group of molluscs, ranging in habitat from coastal regions to deep benthic waters. While cephalopods remain at the forefront of modern biology, in providing insight into fields such as neurobiology and population genetics, little is known about the relationships within the group. This study provides a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Cephalopoda (Mollusca) using a combination of molecular and morphological data. Four loci (three nuclear 18S rRNA, fragments of 28S rRNA and histone H3 and one mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) were combined with 101 morphological characters to test the relationships of 60 species of cephalopods, with emphasis within Decabrachia (squids and cuttlefishes). Individual and combined data sets were analyzed using the direct optimization method, with parsimony as the optimality criterion. Analyses were repeated for 12 different parameter sets accounting for a range of indel/change and transversion/transition cost ratios. Most analyses support the monophyly of Cephalopoda, Nautiloidea, Coleoidea and Decabrachia, however, the monophyly of Octobrachia was refuted due to the lack of support for a Cirroctopoda + Octopoda group. When analyzing all molecular evidence in combination and for total evidence analyses, Vampyromorpha formed the sister group to Decabrachia under the majority of parameters, while morphological data and some individual data sets supported a sister relationship between Vampyromorpha and Octobrachia. Within Decabrachia, a relationship between the sepioids Idiosepiida, Sepiida, Sepiolida and the teuthid Loliginidae was supported. Spirulida fell within the teuthid group in most analyses, further rendering Teuthida paraphyletic. Relationships within Decabrachia and specifically Oegopsida were found to be highly parameter‐dependent. © The Willi Hennig Society 2004.
APE1: A Molecule of Focus with Neuroprotective and Anti-Cancer Properties

Apurinic/Apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) is a multi-functional, central enzyme of base excision repair (BER) pathway that takes care of oxidized base damage (AP sites and strand breaks) caused by both endogenous and exogenous oxidative DNA damaging agents. In repair function, APE1 exhibits majorly abasic (AP) endonuclease activity and stable interaction(s) with BER-pathway participant proteins. Second function of APE1 is redox activation of various transcription factors (TFs e.g., c-jun, NF-kB, p53 and HIF1α) and also named as redox effector factor 1(Ref-1). In redox function, APE1 reductively activates TFs involved in regulation of gene expression for cell survival mechanisms through stable pair-wise interaction(s). Recent studies have indicated that APE1 also possesses other distinct functions such as RNA metabolism, riboendonuclease activity and protein-protein interaction for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Altered APE1 expression has been reported in various cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Taken together such findings advocates the necessity to delineate the underlying molecular mechanism(s) for understanding its role in various biological functions, that could be translated to its application in therapeutics against human diseases like cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and other pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases.
Reproduction and early life history of common snook, Centropomus Undecimalis (Bloch), in Florida

This paper combines published literature and unpublished Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) data on snook reproduction and early life history. Published literature originally dealt with fisheries investigations (1950s) and freshwater culture (1970s) but has expanded to include marine stock enhancement, spawning, and larval and juvenile ecology. In addition, ongoing FDEP projects provide considerable information. Snook are protandric hermaphrodites that probably spawn near river mouths, passes (inlets), and points of land in central and southern Florida estuaries. Females are older and larger than males at 50% maturity (5 yrs and 500-522 mm SL versus about 2 yrs and 330-348 mm SL) and have group synchronous ovarian development. The spawning season is long (approx. April to December or January) and includes multiple spawnings. Most spawning occurs between May and September. Spring spawning occurs at water temperatures >22°C and salinities >27‰. Several researchers noted increased spawning activity around the times of spring and summer new or full moons. In pre-spawning behavior, females are escorted by a number of (usually) smaller males, but actual spawning has not been documented. In the laboratory, eggs averaged 0.70 mm diameter and hatched in 17-18 h at temperatures of 26-29°C and salinities of 28-38‰. Newly hatched larvae (1.4-1.5 mm notochord length) spend ∼2.5 wks in nearshore waters before their arrival at shallow-water nursery sites. Eggs have been collected during field studies in only one secondary embayment of lower Tampa Bay, but preflexion larvae have been taken in lower Tampa Bay and just off the beach at Naples. Postflexion larvae have been reported from both coasts of Florida, but only 16 larvae are listed in published literature. Late-stage larvae recruit to vegetated shorelines of quiet, shallow-water creeks, canals, and lagoons in both low-salinity (riverine) and high-salinity (mangrove swamp and salt marsh) environments. Early juvenile-stage snook occupy a spatially restricted microhabitat along shores having limited water movement, moderate shoreline slopes, and vegetation extending over and/or into the water; as the juveniles grow, their habitat becomes less defined and restricted. Early juveniles (<40 mm SL) feed on copepods and other microcrustaceans, but later juveniles (40-50 mm SL) switch to small fish (mainly poeciliids and cyprinodontids) and crustaceans (mainly palaemonid shrimp). Factors other than fishing regulations that affect survival of adult snook include human impacts on habitat quantity and quality and natural perturbations such as cold kills and red tides. Some of these same factors may also affect the survival of larval and juvenile snook.
Insects visiting olive flowers (Olea europaea L.) in a Tuscan olive grove.

Insects visiting flowers of Olea europaea L. in a Tuscan olive grove were collected and identified in late spring of 2009. A total of 380 specimens belonging to two orders, three families, eight genera and ten species of insects were collected on the flowers. Among Hymenoptera, the numerically dominant species was Apis mellifera L. , whose workers were frequently seen to collect pollen from flowers at different times of the day. Moreover, three Halictidae species were identified as foragers on olive flowers: Halictus maculatus Smith, Lasioglossum nitidulum (F.) and Lasioglossum villosulum (Kirby). Among the Diptera, six Syrphidae species, both Syrphinae and Milesiinae, were found on O. europea flowers. ESEM investigation highlighted that all Syrphidae specimens collected in the study presented pollen grains on their mouthparts (between the labella and close to the prestomium). Although further research is necessary, results suggest the potential of O. europea as a source of pollen for a number of insect species, above all in late spring when blossom of other flora is scanty.