Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transitivity‐dependent and ‐independent cell‐to‐cell movement of RNA silencing

One manifestation of RNA silencing, known as post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants and RNA interference (RNAi) in animals, is a nucleotide sequence‐specific RNA turnover mechanism with the outstanding property of propagating throughout the organism, most likely via movement of nucleic acids. Here, the cell‐to‐cell movement of RNA silencing in plants is investigated. We show that a short‐distance movement process, once initiated from a small group of cells, can spread over a limited and nearly constant number of cells, independent of the presence of homologous transcripts. There is also a long‐range cell‐to‐cell movement process that occurs as a relay amplification, which requires the combined activity of SDE1, a putative RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase, and SDE3, a putative RNA helicase. Extensive and limited cell‐to‐cell movements of silencing are triggered by the same molecules, occur within the same tissues and likely recruit the same plasmodesmata channels. We propose that they are in fact manifestations of the same process, and that extensive cell‐to‐cell movement of RNA silencing results from re‐iterated short‐distance signalling events. The likely nature of the nucleic acids involved is presented.
The Eifel Response Algorithm for TCP

Based on an appropriate detection algorithm, the Eifel response algorithm provides a way for a TCP sender to respond to a detected spurious timeout. It adapts the retransmission timer to avoid further spurious timeouts and (depending on the detection algorithm) can avoid the often unnecessary go-back-N retransmits that would otherwise be sent. In addition, the Eifel response algorithm restores the congestion control state in such a way that packet bursts are avoided. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
A combination of variable selection and data mining techniques for high-dimensional statistical modelling

Variable selection is fundamental to statistical modelling in diverse fields of sciences. This paper deals with the problem of high-dimensional statistical modelling through the analysis of seismological data in Greece acquired during the years 1962-2003. The dataset consists of 10,333 observations and 11 factors, used to detect possible risk factors of large earthquakes. In our study, different statistical variable selection techniques are applied, while data mining techniques enable us to discover associations, meaningful patterns and rules. The statistical methods employed in this work were the non-concave penalised likelihood methods, SCAD, LASSO and Hard, the generalised linear logistic regression and the best subset variable selection. The applied data mining methods were three decision trees algorithms, the classification and regression tree (C%RT), the chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) and the C5.0 algorithm. The way of identifying the significant variables in large datasets along with the performance of used techniques are also discussed.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum-Sensing Molecule N-3-(Oxododecanoyl)-l-Homoserine Lactone Inhibits T-Cell Differentiation and Cytokine Production by a Mechanism Involving an Early Step in T-Cell Activation

ABSTRACT The Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecule N-3-(oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (OdDHL) has been reported to have immunomodulatory activity in several systems, although the mechanism of that activity remains to be fully characterized. We demonstrate here, using a defined in vitro model of antigen responses by T-cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic mouse splenic CD4 T cells, that the effect of OdDHL on activation and cytokine production is complete within 4 h of antigen or mitogen stimulation and does not depend on the insertion of OdDHL in the cell membrane, despite a previous report that immunosuppression by homoserine lactones required a minimum acyl chain length of 11 carbons (S. R. Chhabra, C. Harty, D. S. W. Hooi, M. Daykin, B. W. Bycroft, P. Williams, and D. Pritchard, J. Med. Chem. 46:97-104, 2003). We also demonstrate that while OdDHL can have toxic effects on nonlymphoid leukocytes, it does not induce significant cell death in T cells at the concentrations (≤10 μM) used in these experiments. In addition, we show that primary and secondary antigen-specific cytokine responses are equally susceptible to inhibition by OdDHL and that the compound inhibits the differentiation of both Th1 and Th2 cells. However, the precise balance of cytokine production by CD4 T cells stimulated in the presence of OdDHL varies with both the antigen concentration and its affinity for the transgenic TCR. Thus, conflicting reports of the nature of the immunosuppression by OdDHL may be due in part to the differences in antigen affinity and concentration in different models.
Threshold Random Walkers for Community Structure Detection in Complex Networks

There exist large amounts of complex networks in different areas nowadays, which have aroused great interest in detecting community structures. Although diverse community detection algorithms have been proposed, most of them perform poorly in large scale complex networks. According some social principles, we proposed a scalable Community Detection method based on Threshold Random walkers, which is called CD-TRandwalk. CD-TRandwalk selects active nodes with high degree as seed nodes, and detects the core communities through random walkers according to predefined thresholds at first. Because the threshold random walkers start from the active seed nodes and only randomly walk to those nodes which association degrees are larger than a given threshold, the processes of detecting core communities work quickly. After that, the remaining non-core nodes are allocated into the core communities according their common degrees between these nodes and the core communities with a voting strategy. Compared with some other community detection algorithms such as Affinity Propagation (AP), Walktrap, Newman Fast, and ComTector in several social networks, the experimental results show that CD-TRandwalk is faster than the other methods without worse quality of community detection quality. Furthermore, CD-Trandwalk is adaptable to large scale networks and unbalance networks. CD-TRandwalk also has some other advantages, such as it is unsupervised and not need to set the community number beforehand, and it only needs local information of the networks to support local community detection.
A monopole-coupled RFID sensor for pervasive soil moisture monitoring

We present the design of an RFID-based passive sensor for pervasive soil moisture monitoring. Permittivity of soil changes with variations in moisture content causing a controlled change in the signal response of an RFID tag. We demonstrate that the passive sensor can reliably detect soil moisture content over a read distance of at least 0.8 m. Future research directions and prospective design improvements are also discussed.
EnforManga: interactive comic creation with deformation

The EnforManga is an interactive system for creating comic books based on the simple manipulation of images. To create a comic book that is similar to an actual comic book, the system provides two types of deformations: background and character, which translate images more comically. As a result, the deformed comic book is more like an actual comic book than comics created using conventional systems. Moreover, the manipulations in our system are based on drag and drop, so even beginners and even children can easily create a comic book.
Hepatitis B virus DNA in serum of healthy black African adults positive for hepatitis B surface antibody alone: possible association with recombination between genotypes A and D

In some patients with chronic liver disease induced by hepatitis B virus, viral DNA is known to persist in low concentration in serum after seroconversion to hepatitis B surface antibody‐positivity. This phenomenon has, however, not been documented in asymptomatic black African carriers of hepatitis B virus. Using nested amplification by the polymerase chain reaction, we detected low concentrations of hepatitis B virus DNA in the serum of 6 of 23 (26%) healthy black African adults with normal liver function and with hepatitis B virus surface antibody as the only serological marker of the virus. This finding offers one explanation for the earlier observation of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA in hepatocellular carcinomas in black Africans whose serum was positive for surface antibody alone. A number of genetic changes were found in the six isolates that might be responsible for evasion of the immune response and persistence of the virus. Isolated mutations were detected in the “a” determinant of the surface gene and in the encapsidation signal. In all five isolates sequenced in the core promoter, mutations were present in the upstream regulatory region. Recombination between genotypes A and D was present in three of the isolates, including both of those in which the entire genome was sequenced. This change in genotype also overlapped the amino end of the polymerase domain and may result in sufficiently low levels of replication to allow viral persistence. Topoisomerase 1 specific trinucleotides were concentrated in the vicinity of the recombination breakpoints. J. Med. Virol. 64:441–454, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
cDNA cloning, genomic structure, and chromosomal localization of three members of the human fatty acid desaturase family.

The insertion of double bonds into specific positions of fatty acids is achieved by the action of distinct desaturase enzymes. Here we report the cloning and characterization of three members of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene family in humans. Initially identified as cDNA fragments by direct cDNA selection within a defined 1.4-Mb region in 11q12-q13.1, full-length fatty acid desaturase-1 (FADS1) and fatty acid desaturase-2 (FADS2) transcripts were obtained by EST sequence assembly. A third member, fatty acid desaturase-3 (FADS3), was identified in silico revealing 62 and 70% nucleotide sequence identity with FADS1 and FADS2, respectively. The three genes are clustered within 92 kb of genomic DNA located 2 kb telomeric to FEN1 and 50 kb centromeric to VMD2 and are likely to have arisen evolutionarily from gene duplication as they share a remarkably similar exon/intron organization. Protein database searches identified FADS1, FADS2, and FADS3 as fusion products composed of an N-terminal cytochrome b5-like domain and a C-terminal multiple membrane-spanning desaturase portion.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: standardized or individualized treatment? The question has already been answered

Despite global control efforts, drugresistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain a public-health challenge, infecting millions of people worldwide [1]. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), defined as TB resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, represents a serious obstacle to TB control, especially in areas where its prevalence is high [2]. The most recent estimates suggest that globally there were more than half a million cases of MDR-TB in 2007, of which fewer than 30,000 were notified to the WHO; this amounts to only 8.5% of the estimated global total of smear-positive cases of MDR-TB [3]. In an increasingly integrated world, these lethal TB strains do not stay at home for long. In the 1990s, a global surveillance project demonstrated that drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis were globally ubiquitous, and in several countries were sufficiently common as to potentially threaten control programs [4]. Globally, cases of MDR-TB are unevenly distributed; the prevalence of drug-resistant TB is inversely correlated with the quality of TB control programs, with the most important factor being improper use of firstand second-line anti-TB drugs [5]. Multidrug-resistant TB development is also attributable to inadequate laboratory diagnosis and unsupervised treatment. This is particularly the case in settings where limited resources restrict access to drug susceptibility testing (DST) and implementation of universal directly observed therapy (DOT), in which a trained healthcare worker monitors the patient’s taking of each and every dose of medication [1]. In most lowand middle-income countries, drug sensitivity testing is not performed for either new cases or for most patients requiring retreatment. Therefore, patients with undetected drug resistance will receive empiric standardized treatments with ineffective first-line drugs and, consequently, can be predicted to have a high probability of failure and relapse [6]. To address this problem, the WHO and the Stop TB Partnership have called for an expansion of DST of TB drugs [3]. Unfortunately, despite the increase in funding for global TB control that has occurred over the past decade, large funding gaps remain, making DST unfeasible in many countries, particularly in those with the highest rates of MDR-TB.
DNA Barcoding Applied to Invasive Leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the Philippines

Abstract DNA barcoding involves the sequencing of a single gene region from all species to provide a means for identifying all of life. Although appealing to many scientists, this idea has caused considerable controversy among systematists. We applied a DNA barcoding approach to outbreak populations of invasive Liriomyza spp. leafminer pests in the Philippines to explore the use of barcoding in a relatively well studied, economically important group. We sequenced a 527-bp portion of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) from 258 leafminers from 26 plant host species in the Philippines. Neighbor-joining and parsimony analysis were used to compare COI sequences from the Philippines to an extensive database of COI sequences previously obtained from samples of the invasive leafminers Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), and Liriomyza sativae Blanchard from locations around the world. We conclude that although a DNA barcoding approach can provide rapid species identifications, in certain instances it is likely to either overestimate or underestimate the number of species present. Only when placed within the context of considerable other data can DNA barcoding be fully interpreted and used. For economically and medically important species, which can be well studied, DNA barcoding offers a powerful means for rapid identifications.
Personalised book recommendation system based on opinion mining technique

Recommendation systems are tools in e-commerce websites which helps user to find the most suitable products. From the huge number of books, it is really difficult to choose a particular book. So, the recommendation system technique plays very important role and helps user to get books according to their need and interest. This paper presents online book recommendation system for users who purchase books by considering specific features of a book. These features include language, publisher, author, content, price, edition etc. The main motive of this paper is to develop a technique which recommends the most suitable books to users according to the specific features of the book that are of their own interest. In this paper we have used the features of a product, extracted from the reviews for recommendation. This is based on the combined features of classification and opinion mining technique.
The yellow brick road and the emerald city: benefit finding, positive reappraisal coping and posttraumatic growth in women with early-stage breast cancer.

Predictors and outcomes of benefit finding, positive reappraisal coping, and posttraumatic growth were examined using interviews and questionnaires from a longitudinal study of women with early-stage breast cancer followed from primary medical treatment completion to 3 (n=92) and 12 months (n=60) later. Most women (83%) reported at least 1 benefit of their breast cancer experience. Benefit finding (i.e., identification of benefits, number of benefits), positive reappraisal coping, and posttraumatic growth had distinct significant predictors. Positive reappraisal coping at study entry predicted positive mood and perceived health at 3 and 12 months and posttraumatic growth at 12 months, whereas benefit finding did not predict any outcome. Findings suggest that benefit finding, positive reappraisal coping, and posttraumatic growth are related, but distinct, constructs.
Switching rate of dual selection diversity in non-isotropic IID fading channels

Switching rate plays an important role for system engineers in the design of selection diversity receivers. Switching antennas is similar to applying a step function to the receiver circuits, which causes transients in the receiver filters. These deleterious transients will corrupt channel estimation as well as creating “dead” time in the receiver filters. Recent work has studied the switching rates of selection diversity and hybrid selection diversity; however, these studies have examined exclusively isotropic scattering environments. No paper has been published on the switching rate of two-branch selection combining in a non-isotopic scattering scenario. The switching rate of a two-branch selection diversity combiner operating over multipath fading channels is studied. An analytical solution is derived for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) fading channels. Rayleigh and Rician cases with non-isotropic scattering are considered. Sample numerical results and discussion are presented. The results indicate that the switching rate is reduced in non-isotropic fading environments. Depending upon the characteristics of the non-isotropic environment, the switching rate may be reduced by as much as two to nine times relative to an isotropic environment.
Bidirectional Gate Driver Circuit Using Recharging and Time-Division Driving Scheme for In-Cell Touch LCDs

This paper proposes a new hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film-transistor-based (a-Si:H TFT-based) gate driver circuit that uses the time-division driving method to ameliorate the display-to-touch crosstalk. The proposed work utilizes a recharging circuit to discharge the voltage on the gate node of the driving TFT when the touch sensing starts with the purpose of suppressing the long-term stress of the driving TFT, and charges the gate node of the driving TFT again before the end of the touch-sensing period to enhance the driving capability of the gate driver circuit. Furthermore, the proposed gate driver circuit achieves bidirectional transmission and an adjustable reporting rate of touch sensing. Measurements verify that the threshold voltage shift of the driving TFT is suppressed from 4.8 to 2.9 V after 120 h of stress at 85 °C and the output waveforms of the proposed gate driver circuits are generated correctly with forward transmission, backward transmission, and pausing in different stages. Moreover, the measured output waveforms are stable without distortion after 360 h reliability test at 85 °C. Consequently, the proposed gate driver circuit is suitable for use in 5.46-in full high-definition panels with in-cell touch technology.
Proteoglycans and axon guidance: a new relationship between old partners

Neural circuits are formed with great precision during development. Accumulated evidence over the past three decades has demonstrated that growing axons are navigated toward their targets by the combined actions of attractants and repellents together with their receptors. It has long been known that proteoglycans, glycosylated proteins possessing covalently attached glycosaminoglycans, play a critical role in axon guidance; however, the molecular mechanisms by which proteoglycans regulate axon behaviors remain largely unknown. Glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are large linear polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units that are highly modified by specific sulfation and epimerization. Recent biochemical and molecular biological studies have identified the enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans. Interestingly, many mutants lacking glycosaminoglycan‐synthesizing enzymes or proteoglycans in several model organisms show defects in specific nerve tract formation. In parallel, detailed biochemical studies have identified the molecular interactions between axon guidance molecules and glycosaminoglycans that have specific modification in their sugar chains. This review summarizes the structure and function of axon guidance molecules and glycosaminoglycans, and then tries to combine the knowledge from these studies to understand the role of proteoglycans from a new vantage point. Deciphering the sugar code is important for understanding the complicated nature of proteoglycans in axon guidance.
Method of heterogeneous information resources structuring and systematizing for Internet portals development

The article presents the method of heterogeneous information available on Internet portal structuring and systematizing. In this paper we would like to present methodology for ontology-based development of knowledge Internet portals providing the content-based access to knowledge and information resources as well as to discuss an experience of exploitation of this methodology, problems that arise in the process of its application and way of its solutions. It is proposed to develop specific method of heterogeneous information resources structuring and systematizing while designing knowledge Internet portals in appropriate subject field. Such method is devoted to the next task solving: qualitative knowledge representation; information systematization and structuring; formalization of knowledge based on mathematical models (for chosen subject field); content-based search.
A generalized regression neural network for logo recognition

One of the primary concerns of document analysis systems is logo or trademark recognition, but few solutions proposed to date can deal with the problem of successfully classifying a logo that has been distorted in scale or rotation. We propose the use of a two-stage method applying a generalised regression neural network to provide the necessary flexibility to cope with these variations. A novel method of tiling which increases classification accuracy is also presented. The issues of scale and rotation are discussed in relation to the network's interpolation capability, as well as several other points effecting overall accuracy.
Responses of septal theta-on and theta-off cells to activation of the dorsomedial-posterior hypothalamic region.

The effect of different levels of electrical stimulation of the dorsomedial-posterior hypothalamic region, on the discharge properties of septal theta-on and theta-off cells, was investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats. In the present sample of 45 cells recorded in the medial septum/ventral limb of the diagonal band of Broca, 43 of the 45 (96%) were affected by the stimulation. The majority of theta-on cells were intensely activated by this stimulation (two were inhibited) and all theta-off cells were inhibited (ranging from partial to complete inhibition). Stimulation did not change a cell's classification as "on" or "off," nor did it alter its discharge pattern (phasic or tonic). Stimulation did have a profound effect on phasic nonlinear theta-on cells. Phasic nonlinear theta-on cells, by definition, did not alter their discharge rate in relation to the increasing frequency of spontaneously occurring or tail-pinch-induced theta. However, stimulation of the dorsomedial-posterior hypothalamus resulted in 11 out of 13 (85%) of the phasic nonlinear cells increasing their discharge rates in relation to the increasing frequency of the hypothalamically induced theta (i.e., became linear). Stimulation had no effect on two cells classified as unrelated to theta.