Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding behavioural clusters: Identifying differences between clusters of health behaviours on key constructs

Objective: To uncover the rationale underlying the perceived distinction between clusters of health behaviours by identifying cognitive constructs that differentiate among them, and creating a ‘cognitive profile’ for each behavioural cluster. Thus, different determinants and characteristics of health behaviours (e.g. ‘perceived behavioural control’, ‘impact on health’, ‘effort’, ‘non-health rewards’, ‘habit’) were used to compare health behaviour meta-clusters (physical and psychosocial) and clusters (e.g. nutrition behaviours, substance abuse, medical practices). Methods: A sample of lay people (N = 1956) judged items representing behavioural clusters delineated in the Health Behaviour Taxonomy on 14 constructs. Results: Significant differences emerged between the physical and psychosocial meta-clusters, as well as among their sub-clusters. For example, physical behaviours were higher on ‘perceived behavioural control’ and ‘impact on health’ compared to psychosocial behaviours, and nutrition was perceived highest on ‘effort’ and ‘non-health rewards’ compared to the other clusters of the physical meta-cluster. Conclusion: The findings increase our understanding of the logic underlying lay people’s cognitive schema of health behaviour clusters. ‘Cognitive profiles’ that explain differences between the clusters were identified, which can be used to design health messages and interventions targeting multiple health behaviours.
Low evolutionary potential for egg‐to‐adult viability in Drosophila melanogaster at high temperatures

To cope with the increasing and less‐predictable temperature forecasts under climate change, many terrestrial ectotherms will have to migrate or rely on adaptation through plastic or evolutionary means. Studies suggest that some ectotherms have a limited potential to change their upper thermal limits via evolutionary shifts, but research has mostly focused on adult life stages under laboratory conditions. Here we use replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster and a nested half‐sib/full‐sib quantitative genetic design to estimate heritabilities and genetic variance components for egg‐to‐adult viability under both laboratory and seminatural field conditions, encompassing cold, benign, and hot temperatures in two separate populations. The results demonstrated temperature‐specific heritabilities and additive genetic variances for egg‐to‐adult viability. Heritabilities and genetic variances were higher under cold and benign compared to hot temperatures when tested under controlled laboratory conditions. Tendencies toward lower evolutionary potential at higher temperatures were also observed under seminatural conditions although the results were less clear in the field setting. Overall the results suggest that ectotherms that already experience temperatures close to their upper thermal tolerance limits have a restricted capacity to adapt to higher temperatures by evolutionary means.
A fast algorithm for three-Dimensional Otsu’s Thresholding method

While performing well in segmenting on images with low SNR and low contrast, the three-Dimensional Otsupsilas threshold algorithm has the disadvantage of high computational complexity. By removing the redundant computation and computing look-up table with iteration, this paper improves the complexity greatly and gives a fast algorithm for the three-Dimensional Otsupsilas threshold algorithm. experimental results show that the algorithm reduces calculation time substantially with no quality loss in the threshold compared with the original algorithm.
Learning of Multilabel Classifiers

Developing learning algorithms for multilabel classification problems, when the goal is to maximizing the micro-averaged F measure, is a difficult problem for which no solution was known so far. In this paper we provide an exact solution for the case when the popular binary relevance approach is used for designing a multilabel classifier. We prove that the empirical maximum of the micro-averaged F measure can be attained by iteratively retraining class-related binary classifiers whose learning algorithm is capable of maximizing a modified version of the F measure of a two-class problem. We apply our optimization strategy to an existing formulation of support vector machine classifiers tailored to performance measures like F, and evaluate it on benchmark multilabel data sets.
Identification du risque individuel de rupture des anévrismes cérébraux intra crâniens : une approche biomécanicienne

Le risque individuel de rupture des anevrismes cerebraux est un enjeu majeur dans la prise en charge clinique des anevrismes asymptomatiques. La rupture anevrismale se produit lorsque la contrainte intra-parietale depasse la contrainte a rupture du materiau composant la paroi. Notre etude a pour objectif d'etre un pas vers une nouvelle mesure biomecanique du risque individuel de rupture des anevrismes cerebraux. Dans un premier temps, une etude experimentale fut menee pour caracteriser le comportement biomecanique de la paroi anevrismale sur 16 echantillons d'anevrismes preleves chirurgicalement. L'experimentation sur les echantillons de poche anevrismale a permis de degager trois grandes classes de tissus pour chaque sexe (homme et femme) : souple, rigide et intermediaire. Il apparait que tous les anevrismes non rompus appartiennent a la categorie rigide ou intermediaire et que tous les anevrismes rompus correspondent a la categorie souple. Ceci permet de mettre en evidence une correlation entre le risque de rupture et les proprietes du materiau composant la paroi anevrismale. Dans un deuxieme temps, des simulations d'interaction fluide/structure (FSI) ont ete realisees pour comparer les deformations d'un anevrisme " patient specifique " constitue d'un materiau degrade et non degrade. Les resultats montrent que les proprietes du materiaux ont un impact majeur sur l'ampleur de la variation de volume anevrismale diastolo-systolique. Les changements en terme de variations de volume en fonction des caracteristiques du tissu sont potentiellement visualisable a l'aide de l'imagerie medicale. Une analyse des incertitudes des parametres est aussi presentee et montre la robustesse des resultats aux incertitudes des donnees d'entree. Il a ensuite ete demontre sur 12 cas " patient-specifique " d'anevrismes differents (forme, taille, localisation et conditions aux limites differentes) qu'il existe toujours une difference significative en terme de variation de volume au cours du cycle cardiaque entre un anevrisme dont la paroi est compose d'un materiau rigide et d'un materiau souple. Cette etude suggere donc que la variation de volume anevrismale pourrait etre utilisee comme une base pour une evaluation individuelle du risque de rupture des anevrismes cerebraux.
Regulation of Lipoprotein Lipase by Glucose in Primary Cultures of Isolated Human Adipocytes: Relevance to Hypertriglyceridemia of Diabetes

Human adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is stimulated in vivo by an insulin-glucose infusion. However, previous work by us showed no effect of physiologic insulin concentrations on LPL in isolated human adipocytes. To pursue further the regulation of LPL in vitro, primary cultures of isolated human adipocytes were prepared and exposed to glucose concentrations of 0–4.5 mg/ml. LPL activity was measured as activity secreted into the culture medium (CM), released from cells by heparin (HR), and extracted from cell digests (EXT). After 5 h in culture, a stimulatory effect of glucose on HR was observed. After 24 h there was a gradual increase in CM, HR, and EXT in parallel with increasing glucose concentrations of 0—1.0 mg/ml. At glucose concentrations >1.0 mg/ml, however, there was a decrease in CM. At a glucose concentration of 4.5 mg/ml, CM was only 51 ± 14% (P < .02) of its value at glucose concentrations of 1.0 mg/ml. Cellular LPL (HR and EXT) was not affected by high glucose concentrations. Response of cellular LPL to the hormonal regulator insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was modulated by medium glucose. HR in cultures treated with 50 ng/ml IGF-I was 166 ± 40 and 147 ± 23% of HR in control cultures at glucose concentrations of 1.0 and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively (P ≤.05). However, IGF-I failed to stimulate HR at glucose concentrations >2.5 mg/ml or <1.0 mg/ml. Adipocyte protein synthetic rate was not inhibited by medium containing 4.5 mg/ml glucose, suggesting that these high glucose concentrations were not generally toxic to cells. The hexoses galactose, L-glucose, and 3-Omethylglucose had no effect on LPL, but pyruvate and D-glucose stimulated HR. Cellular ATP was relatively constant regardless of medium conditions and bore no relationship to LPL. Thus, glucose plays an important role in the regulation of LPL in isolated human adipocytes. In addition, the decrease in CM and the blunted response of HR to IGF-I in high glucose suggest that hyperglycemia per se may contribute to the decreased LPL and consequenthypertriglyceridemia of poorly controlled diabetes.
Characterization of Lipid A in Cronobacter Sakazakii

We have characterized the structure of lipid A in the food-borne pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii BAA-894. Lipid A molecules were purified by mild acid hydrolysis, DEAE–cellulose anion exchange chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography. Its structure was analyzed by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Two lipid A species have been found in C. sakazakii BAA-894. The majority has a structure of disaccharide of glucosamine, phosphorylated at the 1- and 4′-positions, and acylated with primary 3-hydroxy myristoyl chains at the 2-, 3-, 2′- and 3′-positions and secondary myristoyl residues at the 2′- and 3′-positions. The other contains a secondary lauroyl chain at the 2′-position in place of the myristoyl residue.
GENETIC VARIABILITY IN THE DEEP SEA: RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY

A current concept of population biology holds that much genetic variability is maintained in populations as an adaptation tc environmental heterogeneity in time and space (Battaglia, 1963; Bretsky and Lorenz, 1971; Burns and Johnson, 1971; Powell, 1971). Environmental heterogeneity is thought to promote genetic variability by mechanisms of diversifying selection (reviewed in Dobzhansky, 1970). High levels of heterozygosity have also been proposed to increase the developmental homeostasis of individuals confronted by environmental variability, and to confer evolutionary flexibility on populations subjected to long-term changes (Lerner, 1954; Lewontin, 1958). In predictable stable environments high adaptive values might be achieved by homozygous gene ensembles and genetic variability would decline. In recent years the techniques of electrophoresis genetics have yielded estimates usually in the range of 20 to 60% polymorphic loci for outbreeding terrestrial and aquatic animals (tables in O'Brien and Maclntyre, 1969; Kojima et al., 1970; Selander et al., 1970; Gottlieb, 1971). These studies have dealt with species occupying relatively heterogeneous environments and have not tested the hypothesis that genetic variability is a function of environmental variability. We have tested this hypothesis in relation to the deep sea by obtaining estimates of genetic variability in eight species of benthic invertebrates from 1,000-2,000 m in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
A modeling-based technique for nondestructive evaluation of metal powders undergoing microwave sintering

A microwave imaging technique is proposed for reconstruction of geometrical parameters (a spatial position and a radius) of a metal sphere emerging inside the sample of metal powder in the course of microwave sintering. The technique relies on a numerical inversion realized with an artificial neural network backed by data on S-parameters obtained from FDTD simulation and measurement. Numerical experiments are performed in the frequency range from 2 to 3 GHz for a cylindrical sample of iron powder in a two-port waveguide system. The results show that the spheres of not less than 2 mm radius are reconstructed with the average errors of 0.2–2.2%.
Accessory sperm: their importance to fertility and embryo quality, and attempts to alter their numbers in artificially inseminated cattle.

Accessory sperm number and its relationship to fertilization and embryo quality was evaluated in cattle after nonsurgical recovery of ova or embryos 6 d after insemination. Efforts to alter accessory sperm number per ovum included 1) blockage of retrograde sperm loss at insemination using a modified insemination device, 2) elevated sperm number per inseminate (40 x 10(6) vs 20 x 10(6], and 3) alteration in semen quality (percentage of viable and morphologically normal sperm in the inseminate). None of these efforts affected accessory sperm number per ovum or embryo. However, blockage of retrograde semen flow for 3 h or use of semen of below-average quality (decreased percentage of viable and morphologically normal sperm) resulted in significant decreases in number of viable embryos and increases in number of degenerate embryos and unfertilized ova compared with conventional insemination (P less than .03) and use of semen with an average percentage of viable and morphologically normal sperm (P less than .06). Number of accessory sperm per embryo or ovum was positively related to fertilization and embryo quality (P less than .05). Mean accessory sperm +/- SD and the median value (in parentheses) for unfertilized ova, degenerate embryos, and embryos classified fair to poor and excellent to good were, respectively, . 3 +/- . 8 (0), 5.4 +/- 8.9 (1.0), 15.8 +/- 28.6 (3.5), and 16.9 +/- 29.5 (5.0). We conclude that efforts to improve accessory sperm numbers per embryo or ovum failed and that high variation and skewness of accessory sperm toward 0 may make median values more meaningful than means. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Academic judgments under uncertainty: A study of collective anchoring effects in Swedish Research Council panel groups

This article focuses on anchoring effects in the process of peer reviewing research proposals. Anchoring effects are commonly seen as the result of flaws in human judgment, as cognitive biases that stem from specific heuristics that guide people when they involve their intuition in solving a problem. Here, the cognitive biases will be analyzed from a sociological point of view, as interactional and aggregated phenomena. The article is based on direct observations of ten panel groups evaluating research proposals in the natural and engineering sciences for the Swedish Research Council. The analysis suggests that collective anchoring effects emerge as a result of the combination of the evaluation techniques that are being used (grading scales and average ranking) and the efforts of the evaluators to reach consensus in the face of disagreements and uncertainty in the group. What many commentators and evaluators have interpreted as an element of chance in the peer review process may also be understood as partly a result of the dynamic aspects of collective anchoring effects.
Towards Harnessing Memory Networks for Coreference Resolution

Coreference resolution task demands comprehending a discourse, especially for anaphoric mentions which require semantic information for resolving antecedents. We investigate into how memory networks can be helpful for coreference resolution when posed as question answering problem. The comprehension capability of memory networks assists coreference resolution, particularly for the mentions that require semantic and context information. We experiment memory networks for coreference resolution, with 4 synthetic datasets generated for coreference resolution with varying difficulty levels. Our system’s performance is compared with a traditional coreference resolution system to show why memory network can be promising for coreference resolution.
Prostate specific antigen progression rates after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to determine whether a difference is noted in the rate of prostate specific antigen (PSA) elevation after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. METHODS PSA doubling times were calculated by linear regression analysis in 50 patients who had been treated by radical prostatectomy and who had three or more increasing PSA levels and in 55 patients who had been treated with radiation therapy and who had three or more increasing PSA levels. RESULTS No significant difference was noted in the mean PSA doubling times in the two patient groups when stratified by the site of tumor recurrence or by pretreatment tumor stage, tumor grade, or acid phosphatase level. CONCLUSIONS Because the PSA doubling time probably parallels the tumor growth rate, these data suggest that the malignant potentials of recurrent tumor after radical prostatectomy and after radiation therapy are equivalent.
Knockdown of GPC3 inhibits the proliferation of Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells through down‐regulation of YAP

Glypican‐3 (GPC3), a membrane‐associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is frequently upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yes‐associated protein (YAP) is also found over‐expressed in HCC and has been identified as a key effector molecule in Hippo pathway, which could control the organ size in animals through the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis and plays an important role in the development of malignant tumors. Studies have reported that GPC3 and YAP might collaborate to regulate the development of HCC. To elucidate the role of GPC3 in the development of HCC and its relationship with YAP, siRNA technique was employed to knock down GPC3 in Huh7 HCC cells. Moreover, recombinant human YAP‐1 was used to examine the effects of GPC3 on Huh7 cells. The results of flow cytometric analysis and Annexin‐V‐FLUOS apoptosis assay showed that knockdown of GPC3‐induced apoptosis in Huh7 cells, resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation as examined by EdU incorporation assay, migration, and invasion. GPC3 knockdown also suppressed the expression of YAP in mRNA and protein levels, as examined by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. Moreover, addition of recombinant human YAP‐1 effectively rescued the cells from apoptosis triggered by GPC3 knockdown. Taken together, our findings suggest that GPC3 regulates HCC cell proliferation with the involvement of Hippo pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 625–631, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isometric elbow flexion efforts and related effort perception

This work addresses the problem of prescribing proper boundary conditions at the artificial boundaries that separate the vascular district from the remaining part of the circulatory system. A multiscale (MS) approach is used where the Navier-Stokes equations for the district of interest are coupled to a non-linear system of ordinary differential equations which describe the circulatory system. This technique is applied to three 3D models of a carotid bifurcation with increasing stenosis resembling three phases of a plaque growth. The results of the MS simulations are compared to those obtained by two stand-alone models. The MS shows a great flexibility in numerically predicting the haemodynamic changes due to the presence of a stenosis. Nonetheless, the results are not significantly different from a stand-alone approach where flows derived by the MS without stenosis are imposed. This is a consequence of the dominant role played by the outside districts with respect to the stenosis resistance.
On Spatial Multiplexing of Strong Line-of-Sight MIMO With 3D Antenna Arrangements

In recent works, it has been shown that specific 2D antenna arrangements for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can achieve similarly high spatial multiplexing gains under deterministic line-of-sight (LOS) conditions as non-line-of-sight channels with strong scattering considered in classical papers. However, the question whether 3D antenna arrays could provide an additional advantage was not addressed. In this work we show that the capacity of dominant LOS MIMO channels is invariant w.r. t. small offsets of the antenna elements along the transmit direction. This proves that the optimal 2D arrangements for point-to-point communication of LOS MIMO arrays are equivalent to 3D arrangements, whose projections of the antenna positions into a plane perpendicular to the transmit direction reproduce the optimal 2D arrangements. This insight also leads directly to the optimal designs for antenna arrays that communicate with each other along a transmit direction that is oblique w.r. t. the array plane(s).
Symptomatic Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive and disabling neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects young adults. Despite significant therapeutic advances in the prevention of relapses, individuals with MS experience a variety of symptoms, most notably fatigue, spasticity, depression, gait and balance difficulties, and sexual dysfunction. These symptoms may interfere with activities of daily living and have a negative impact on quality of life. This review discusses treatment options for these symptoms.
Flux-weakening performance comparison of conventional and E-core switched-flux permanent magnet machines

High torque density and efficiency are inherent merits of switched-flux permanent magnet machines due to flux concentration. The difference in the physical structure and winding configuration of the E-core and the conventional switched-flux machines influences their inductances, magnetic saturation and cross-coupling. In this paper the flux weakening characteristics of the machines is investigated with particular reference to output power capability. It is shown that both machines have the flux weakening characteristics of non-salient permanent magnet machines, i.e. with a saliency ratio approximately equals to 1. However, the E-core machine with single layer windings has up to twice larger d-axis inductance for similar open circuit permanent magnet flux-linkage compared to the conventional machine with double layer windings. As a consequence, the conventional switched-flux machine can achieve higher power over a wide speed range when excited with high currents compared to the E-core machine. It is further shown that for a fixed volt-ampere rating, both machines can achieve the same output power with the appropriate choice of the current-voltage ratio.
Offshore Activities and Financial vs Operational Hedging

A key question is why many multinational firms forgo foreign exchange derivative (FX) hedging and instead use operational hedging. We propose an explanation based on illiquidity and the unique advantages of operational hedges. We use 10-K filings to construct dynamically updated text-based measures of the offshore sale of output, purchase of input, and ownership of assets. We find that firms use FX derivatives when they are liquid and generally available. Otherwise, they often favor purchasing input from the same nations they sell output to, an operational hedge. Quasi-natural experiments based on new derivative product launches suggest a likely causal relation.