Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Snack food advertising in stores around public schools in Guatemala

Obesity in school-age children is emerging as a public health concern. Food marketing influences preferences and increases children’s requests for food. This study sought to describe the type of snack foods advertised to children in stores in and around public schools and assess if there is an association between child-oriented snack food advertising and proximity to schools. All food stores located inside and within a 200 square meter radius from two preschools and two primary schools were surveyed. We assessed store type, number, and type of snack food advertisements including those child-oriented inside and outside stores. We surveyed 55 stores and found 321 snack food advertisements. Most were on sweetened beverages (37%) and soft drinks (30%). Ninety-two (29%) were child-oriented. Atoles (100.0%), cereals (94.1%), and ice cream and frozen desserts (71.4%) had the greatest proportion of child-oriented advertising. We found more child-oriented advertisements in stores that were closer (<170 m) to schools compared with those farther away. In conclusion, the food industry is flooding the market, taking advantage of the lack of strict regulation in Guatemala. Child-oriented advertisements are available in almost all stores within a short walking distance from schools, exposing children to an obesogenic environment.
Oral Mucosal Immunity and HIV/SIV Infection

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission through genital and rectal mucosa has led to intensive study of mucosal immune responses to HIV and to the development of a vaccine administered locally. However, HIV transmission through the oral mucosa is a rare event. The oral mucosa represents a physical barrier and contains immunological elements to prevent the invasion of pathogenic organisms. This particular defense differs between micro-compartments represented by the salivary glands, oral mucosa, and palatine tonsils. Secretory immunity of the salivary glands, unique features of cellular structure in the oral mucosa and palatine tonsils, the high rate of oral blood flow, and innate factors in saliva may all contribute to the resistance to HIV/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) oral mucosal infection. In the early stage of HIV infection, humoral and cellular immunity and innate immune functions in oral mucosa are maintained. However, these particular immune responses may all be impaired as a result of chronic HIV infection. A better understanding of oral mucosal immune mechanisms should lead to improved prevention of viral and bacterial infections, particularly in immunocompromised persons with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and to the development of a novel strategy for a mucosal AIDS vaccine, as well as vaccines to combat other oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases.
Is Mixing Airport Charges Collusive?

While airport aeronautical charges are traditionally aircraft weight related, currently an increasing share of aeronautical airport revenues is derived from passenger related charges. This paper compares the optimal mix of per-passenger and per-flight based (cost recovering) airport charges from the carriers' and the social viewpoints when carrier markets are oligopolistic. We show that positive per-passenger charges can implement collusive fares and reduce welfare at slot-constrained airports. But, an increase in the per-passenger based charges can mitigate strategic frequency choices at uncongested airports leading to an increase in both carrier profit and welfare.
An Intelligent Wireless Modular System for Effective Disaster Management

The impact of increasing urbanization has set an alarming concern of the consequences of loss of human lives in the event of a natural disaster such as floods. It is essential that disasters are detected at inception so that the severity of damage could be reduced by a greater extent. The readings received from the sensor at regular intervals are compared with the threshold and any increase is immediately updated to the user on the app. A graphical analysis indicates to the user the possible fluctuations of the parameters used for an appropriate inference of the situation at that instant. This system would be useful in detecting increasing water level, UV radiation, atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity and keeping track of the situation real time monitoring the probability of an occurrence of disaster. The application could be deployed near traffic subways or underpasses that have stagnant water due to a heavy rainfall to divert traffic thereby reducing traffic snarls at major parts of the city. A common man having access to internet can visit the website created or who possesses a Smartphone can download the application thereby benefiting from the system. Another main objective of the system developed is data collection. New datasets can be developed which help in better predicting similar disaster situations in the future by sensing common patterns overtime. Several kinds of datasets can be generated as per the application. These datasets will prove a tool against better disaster management for the times to come.
Own brand strategy of the Japanese apparel manufacturers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the own brand strategies undertaken by Japanese apparel manufacturers, and illuminate the characteristics of those apparel manufacturers who adopt the SPA business model. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey was sent to 4,417 apparel manufacturers in Japan of which a total of 1,211 were deemed usable (response rate of 27.47 percent). Logit regression analysis was then employed to identify factors affecting the own brand strategies adopted by Japanese apparel manufacturers. Findings The main findings are as follows: apparel manufacturers having access to external designers, and who collect information relating to consumer needs for production planning tend to have their own brands; apparel manufacturers located in Tokyo have added benefits associated with launching their own brands than those located in other cities; the size of the company behind the brand development is insignificant; and therefore, SME apparel manufacturers have equal opportunities in developing their own brands, which could flourish in the future. Research limitations/implications The present study is limited in that it focuses solely on exogenous factors. Strategic decision-making processes, typical of the distribution structures of apparel industries, influence the apparel relationship between retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers. Thus, the distribution structure and the relationships require further investigation studies. Originality/value Because of a lack of published data, no empirical studies investigating the effectiveness of own brand strategies developed by Japanese apparel manufacturers currently exist. The present study aims to address this by conducting questionnaire surveys with all Japanese apparel manufacturers and then using logit regression analysis, identify the primary factors influencing own brand strategy. This study clarifies the situation regarding the survival of SMEs in the apparel market, considering only those apparel manufacturers who intend to launch their own brands.
Evidence-based mucogingival therapy. Part 2: Ordinary and individual patient data meta-analyses of surgical treatment of recession using complete root coverage as the outcome variable.

BACKGROUND The literature (1970-2000) on the outcome of surgical root coverage has been revised and summarized in a companion paper. The overall conclusion was that the various procedures are effective, but it was not possible to determine which procedure was best indicated in different clinical conditions. In this study, meta-analysis techniques were used to seek evidence for guiding clinical decisions when planning root coverage surgery. The aim of this study was to illustrate the differences between meta-analyses applied to summarized and individual patient data (IPD) and to present suggestions for reducing the costs of IPD meta-analysis. METHODS Only clinical trials and case series that included data on the number of teeth treated, baseline recession depth (BRD) and the proportions of postoperative complete root coverage (CRC) were considered. The first group of meta-analyses (the outcome of each procedure based on summarized data) covered 65 studies dealing with coronally advanced flap (CAF), epithelial free gingival graft (EFGG), connective tissue graft (CTG), and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedures. The second group of meta-analyses was done to determine the outcome of each procedure on the basis of 26 studies that reported IPD for at least baseline recession depth (BRD) and final CRC for each site. The third group of meta-analysis compared the outcomes of CTG and GTR in 5 randomized studies, 4 of which reported only summarized data. RESULTS The first analysis showed that CRC was achieved more often in non-randomized than in randomized studies. The heterogeneity tests revealed great variability of results in both the randomized and non-randomized studies, which makes it difficult to draw any definite conclusions. In the second analysis all the tested techniques revealed similar trends: greater baseline recession depths were always associated with a decreased CRC. The third analysis showed that CRC was achieved more frequently in the sites treated with CTG as opposed to GTR. The small sample size and the lack of IPD rendered the analyses inconclusive despite the randomized design. CONCLUSIONS Few studies reported individual patient data; they are a valuable contribution to clinical decision making, but IPD published in the literature are still insufficient to provide a reliable guide for clinical decision making. Therefore, decisive steps should be taken to facilitate the publication of IPD, in electronic format, whenever a clinical study is published in a leading journal.
Managing Enterprise IT Risks through Automated Security Metrics

Information systems of modern enterprises are quite complex entities. This fact has influenced the overall information technology (IT) risk profile of the enterprise and it has become all the more critical now to have sound information systems that can maximize business performance of an enterprise. At this point, the practical challenge for enterprises is how to manage enterprise IT risks for persistent protection of business and security goals. This chapter covers different aspects of managing enterprise IT risks, providing solutions in terms of risk management methods, automated security metrics and vulnerability scoring methods. The purpose is to introduce an in-depth study on enterprise IT risks and add value to enterprise sustainability through an extensive analysis of methods and automated security specifications.
Comparing apples to apples in ICN

Many algorithms and applications in ICN directly depend on content names. All the more surprising that there is no common foundation to evaluate them against each other. Without a common foundation, apples are compared to oranges. As this paper has the goal to enable real, realistic and comparable evaluations in ICN, also methods to compare sets of content names are needed. There are two ways to reach that goal: A standard collection of content names, or an abstract description for data set characteristics, facilitating comparison. We provide solutions for both ways. We present the derivation of the Content Name Collection (CNC), a collection of content names based on real data. We gain generalized insights through empirical observations. On this foundation, two possible mathematical abstractions realistically describing data set characteristics are introduced and discussed. With a slightly extended formula for skewed normal distributions, we found a potent candidate supporting our goals. Moreover, all abstractions can be used not only to describe existing data sets, but also for realistic simulations of data sets.
Intraday trading volume and non-negative matrix factorization

The intraday trading volume of a security is the total amount of traded contracts distributed over the day. Consequently, the intraday trading volume captures part of the intraday trading activity and represents a proxy for the intraday liquidity of a market. When executing orders in the market, it is important to avoid impacting the market and, consequently, the prices. Usually, the market impact causes adverse price movements implying in an implicit cost of the execution process. Clearly, the intraday trading volume is important when developing execution strategies. In the literature, the intraday trading volume for equities has been reported to possess an intraday U-shaped pattern. In this paper, we investigate for the first time the statistical factors behind the intraday trading volume using non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF). The obtained factors are directly applicable to the design of execution strategies. Additionally, we observe that the factors obtained using NNMF are more intuitively int.
Temperature Field Optimization and Magnetic Nanoparticles Optimal Approximation of MFH for Cancer Therapy

The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in ac alternating magnetic fields will produce a sufficient amount of heats owing to the Néel and Brown relaxations. Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), based on this mechanism, is a new promising approach for tumor treatments. The temperature field distribution in the cancer and its neighbor regions have a significant effect on the therapeutic effect of MFH. As a result, it is generally required to maintain the temperature in the cancer in the range of 42 °C-90 °C while guaranteeing a sharp temperature gradient in the neighbor regions of the cancer and healthy tissues. This paper provides an automated shape and MNP volume fraction solid design optimization methodology with finite element analysis, coupled field analysis, and an enhanced multiobjective quantum particle swarm optimization, to realize the aforementioned two ultimate goals. Moreover, an optimal radial basis function approximation technique is proposed to approximate the distribution of the optimized nanoparticles volume fraction solids to give a smooth and implementable nanoparticles distribution.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage screening in intensive care

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and is a major public health issue world-wide. It has established itself as a common nosocomial pathogen and is being increasingly implicated in both health-care and community associated infections in developing nations including India. [1] Recent studies indicate that MRSA is endemic in our country, with an isolation rate of nearly 27%, 49% and 47% amongst clinical isolates of S. aureus from out-patients, ward-in-patients and intensive care unit (ICU) patients respectively. [2]
Radical innovation, network competence and the business of body disposal

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of network competence to radical innovation. Design/methodology/approach Technological change associated with human body disposal acts as the form of radical innovation in which network competence is examined. Interviews, observations at industry conferences and secondary data are used for the case studies featured and in which network competence is investigated. Findings The paper establishes the importance of network competence at the regime and landscape level and the contribution of actors within commercial innovation niches to bringing cremation alternatives to market. Research limitations/implications Some of the results are particular to the challenges of network entry and product introduction facing business start-ups and the context of body disposal is unique. Further research should examine network competence and radical innovation in other business fields. Social implications Firstly, the context of human body disposal highlights the importance of institutional actors and social systems in bringing cremation alternatives to market. Secondly, focusing on human disposal encourages exchange amongst readers on a subject which is fundamental to man’s existence, yet the discussion of which many might normally choose to avoid. Originality/value The paper connects two areas of academic interest, namely, niche management for sustainability and radical innovation in business markets in which networking and network competence are key to the commercialisation of innovation.
A 28nm 360ps-access-time two-port SRAM with a time-sharing scheme to circumvent read disturbs

With the rapid growth in the market for mobile information terminals such as smart phones and tablets, the performance of image processing engines (e.g., operation speed, accuracy in digital images) has improved remarkably. In these processors, 2-port SRAM (2P-SRAM) macros, in which a read port and a write port are operated synchronously in a single clock cycle, are widely used. Since the 2P-SRAM is placed in front of large scale logic circuitry for image processing, a faster access time (e.g., <;1 ns) is required. In general, the read-out operation in 2P-SRAM utilizes full-swing of the single read bitline (BL), so a drastic improvement of the access time is not expected. On the other hand, the dual-port SRAM (DP-SRAM) makes use of the voltage difference between BL pair in the read-out operation, which is suitable for the high-speed operation. In this study, we present a time-sharing scheme using a DP-SRAM cell to achieve high-speed access in 2P-SRAM macros in such image processors.
A Bayesian Approach to Inference with Instrumental Variables : Improving Estimation of Treatment Effects with Weak Instruments and Small Samples ∗

Standard methods for estimating the causal effects of endogenous regressors rely on assumptions not always appropriate for political science applications. In settings with small samples or weak instruments, textbook approaches such as two-stage leastsquares and limited information maximum likelihood can produce inefficient and even inconsistent estimates of causal effects. In this paper, we implement a fully Bayesian approach to estimating causal effects in an instrumental variables framework as outlined by Chib (2003). We show that this algorithm more reliably recovers treatment effects of interest than standard approaches in the context of small samples and weak instruments. Moreover, this framework is easily adapted to accommodate binary outcomes. We assess the performance of the technique using synthetic data and apply it to the study of the effect of political institutions on government spending and the effect of education on political participation. ∗We wish to thank Kosuke Imai, Matthew Gabel, Don Green, and Brendan Nyhan for helpful comments. We are grateful to Rachel Milstein Sondheimer and Donald P. Green for generously sharing their data. A previous version of this paper was presented at the 2013 meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association in Chicago, IL.
Sleep symptoms, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Growing evidence indicates sleep is a major public health issue. Race/ethnicity and socioeconomics may contribute to sleep problems. This study assessed whether sleep symptoms were more prevalent among minorities and/or the socioeconomically disadvantaged. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Epidemiologic survey. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 4,081). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Sociodemographics included age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, and immigration. Socioeconomics included poverty, education, private insurance, and food insecurity. Sleep symptoms assessed were sleep latency > 30 min, difficulty falling asleep, sleep maintenance difficulties, early morning awakenings, non-restorative sleep, daytime sleepiness, snorting/gasping, and snoring. Decreased reported problems for most symptoms were found among minorities, immigrants, and lower education levels. In general, in fully adjusted models, long sleep latency was associated with female gender, being black/African American, lower education attainment, no private insurance, and food insecurity. Difficulty falling asleep, sleep maintenance difficulties, early morning awakenings, and non-restorative sleep were also associated with female gender and food insecurity. Daytime sleepiness was seen in female and divorced respondents. Snorting/gasping was more prevalent among male, other-Hispanic/Latino, and 9(th)- to 11(th)-grade-level respondents. Snoring was prevalent among male, other-Hispanic/Latino, less-educated, and food-insecure respondents. CONCLUSIONS Sleep symptoms were associated with multiple sociodemographic and economic factors, though these relationships differed by predictor and sleep outcome. Also, reports depended on question wording.
LIG at MediaEval 2012 affect task: use of a generic method

This paper describes the LIG participation to the MediaEval 2012 Affect Task on violent scenes' detection in Hollywood movies. We submitted four runs at the shot level: hierarchical fusion of descriptors and classifier combinations (LIG-4), the same with conceptual feedback (LIG-3), and the same two with reranking (LIG-2 and LIG-1). Our reference run obtained a performance slightly above the median with the official MAP@100 metric. The temporal re-ranking brings a significant improvement on the overall (classical) MAP but has almost no effect on the MAP@100. The conceptual feedback does not improve the overall MAP but it improves the precision in the head of the returned list (MAP@100 or P@100).
What do we know about fashion advertising? A review of the literature and suggested research directions

ABSTRACT This paper’s aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on fashion advertising. Toward this end, the paper describes major theoretical perspectives that have been used in fashion advertising research; discusses major findings that the cumulative body of research has produced in key sub-areas of fashion advertising research; and provides directions for future research. Key sub-areas of the field which are discussed include what factors lead to effective advertisements; how different types of models affect consumers and influence the effectiveness of ads; how consumers can be segmented potentially across nations; how social media advertising can be used to produce positive marketing outcomes; and how controversial fashion advertising impacts consumers. Future areas of research in the area of fashion advertising are identified and explored.
Moving Object Removal / Motion Reconstruction in Stereo Panoramas Danyang

In this paper we purposed an approach to remove ghosting artifact generated by moving objects and reconstruct the movement of these objects in panorama images. Our approach contains three steps. First is to detect moving objects in the image flow with moving background. Second is to replace the moving objects with corresponding background scenes. Third is to reconstruct the movement of moving object we detected in step 1. Finally we stitch the processed images together to generate panorama images with no ghosting artifacts and we generate movies containing reconstructed movement of moving objects.
A Programmable Hardware Cellular Automaton : Example of Data Flow Transformation

We present an IP-core called PHCA for programmable hardware cellular automaton (CA). PHCA is a hardware implementation of a general purpose cellular automaton entirely programmable. The heart of this structure is a PE array with reconfigurable side links allowing to implement a 2-D CA or a 1-D CA. As an illustration of a PHCA program we present the implementation of a symmetric cryptography algorithm called ISEA for Ising spin encryption algorithm. Indeed ISEA is based on a 2-D Ising spin lattice presenting random series of disordered spin configurations. The main idea of ISEA is to use the disordered spin configurations to encrypt data.