Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construction of Test Collection for Evaluation of Scientific Relation Extraction System

대용량 문서에서 포함된 정보를 추출하는 작업은 정보검색분 야 뿐만 아니라 질의응답과 요약분야에서 매우 유용하다. 정보 추출 분야 중 관계추출 기술이 중요하게 인식되고 있으나, 기 계학습모델을 기반으로 개발하기 위한 학습집합과 개발된 기 술을 평가하기 위한 평가집합의 부재로 연구에 난항을 겪고 있다. 본 논문은 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI)이 보유하고 있는 해외학술지 데이터를 기반으로 과학기술용어에 대한 관 계추출 기술 시스템을 개발하고 평가하기 위한 테스트 컬렉션 (KREC2008) 구축을 위한 구축방법 및 절차를 기술한다. 해외 학술지 데이터의 초록을 대상으로 기술용어를 추출하였고, 기 술용어의 쌍의 관계에 해당되는 단어를 Wordnet에 매핑하여 동사의 개념을 일반화하는 여러 개의 개념화된 후보군을 추출 하였다. 평가기준 및 절차 교육이 이루어진 평가자가 개념화된 후보군에서 적합하다고 판단되는 "개념"을 "관계"로 지정하였 다. Wordnet을 이용하여 "관계"에 대한 후보군을 생성하였기 때문에, 일관성 있는 관계설정의 품질의 향상시켰고 비전문가 도 쉽게 테스트컬렉션을 구축할 수 있는 방법을 제공하였다. 현재 KREC2008은 정보추출 연구자 및 개발자에게 공개되어 있으며, 과학기술분야 관계추출 시스템의 개발 및 신뢰도 평가 를 목적으로 하는 학술대회의 연구결과 발표 및 제품 비교 등 에 활용될 예정이다. Abstract
Local climate, circulation and surface-energy balance of an Antarctic blue-ice area

Results of measurements performed on and around an Antarctic blue-ice field are presented in this paper. The measurements were carried out in a valley of Heimefrontfjella, Dronning Maud Land, during a 2 month field season in the austral summer of 1992–93. A simple model is used to evaluate the surface-energy balance from measured meteorological quantities. The large differences in the surface-energy-balance values between snow and blue ice are mainly caused by differences inalbedo, surface roughness, thermal conductivity and short-wave radiation extinction coefficient. Taking into account uncertainties in the calculations, it appears that the calculated sublimation rates over ice and snow do not differ much. Furthermore, typical circulation patterns are described. The large continental-scale katabatic flow is forced by radiative cooling of the surface (night-time) and the mesoscale horizontal temperature gradient (daytime). The latter penetrates to the surface due to enhanced mixing in an unstable stratified boundary layer. At night, shallow katabatic layers form along local fall lines. On some occasions the large-scale katabatic winds decrease through the presence of a high-pressure system in the weddell Sea and a local circulation can develop inside the valley.
Preclinical studies of hydroalcoholic extract of Calea uniflora Less

Calea uniflora Less known popularly as Arnica in Brazil, is a native plant from Brazil, popular used by coastal populations from south of Santa Catarina. The purpose of this study was to verify the safety profile in of hydroalcoholic extract of C. uniflora in florescences.The hydroalcoholic extract of C. uniflora in florescences was evaluated for its acute and sub-acute toxicity. Acute topical toxicity was performed using the methodology of guideline 402 from OECD. Acute oral toxicity was performed using the methodology of guideline 423 from OECD and sub-acute toxicity was performed using the methodology adapted of guideline 407 from OECD. The single dose for oral or topical administration of C. uniflora showed DL50> 5000 mg/kg b.w. The sub-acute treatment induced animal death in groups, which was administered extract in the doses 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. The main signs of toxicity observed were respiratory difficulty, increase in lung weigh, lung damage and muscular relation. The topical or oral administration of C. uniflora extract in short period did not caused toxicological effects in animals, however, when administered for a longer period and in concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg (oral.) caused lung damage and even the death of the animal.
The effect of swim up and Percoll gradient separation on ram sperm parameters , DNA integrity and embryo development

Sperms are naturally subjected to maturation and morphological changes during the migration from site deposition to the site of fertilization (ampulla of the oviduct) of the female genital tract. If a sample obtained from the oviducts, it was observed that the sperm reaching this region had good morphology [18, 21, 31]. Simulation of the natural conditions is the main challenges of the in vivo assisted reproductive techniques (ART) to select high-quality sperm to be used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) of matured oocytes [1, 11, 28]. The sperm selection process includes the removal of seminal plasma components such as decapacitation factors, bacteria and other harmful agents. Also removing diluters and cryoprotectants of frozen semen [18, 21]. There are many methods used in the preparation of sperm for in vitro fertilization procedure. All these methods immerge in allowing the passage of sperm through different media to separate the highly motile ones from others [23]. Percoll gradient centrifugation and swim-up are the most used methods to obtain high-quality sperm with good progressive motility and intact structures [23, 26, 33].
Postpartum Affective Disorders

Pregnancy, chilbirth and postpartum is time of transition for a women and complex life event can accure on biological, psicological and social experienced by mother. Physical and emotional changes led to a prospective mother need adaptation. If the mother does not succeed so that mothers can suffer psychological disorders with different symptoms or syndromes. This article aims to assess postpartum affective disorder in the postpartum period. Postpartum affective disorders are typically divided into three categories: postpartum blues, postpartum depression dan puerperal (postpartum) psychosis differentiated by prevalence, onset, and duration. Postpartum blues is the most common with estimated prevalence ranging from 30 to 75%, onset within a few days after childbirt. prevalence postpartum depression 10-15%. Postpartum depression usually begins within the first 6 week following delivery and psychosis postpartum uncomon with prevalence ranging from 0,1 to 0,2%. And the clinical onset is rapid, with symtoms presenting as early as the first 48-72 h postpartum. Factor affecting postpartum affective disorders including anxiety during pregnancy, depression during pregnancy, live event, social support, neuroticism, socioeconomic status and obstetric factors. The impact of postpartum affective disorders on the mother related with morbidity and mortality and can develop into major depressive disorder can event become postpartum psychosis. While the impact on the baby influence mental development, dan and the babys motoric, cognitive and emotional development. Threatment can be given on postpartum affective disorders in accordance with the diagnosis. In the postpartum blues no treament required other than reassurance. Management on postpartum depression treatment usually required by health proffesional, exercise, therapy antidepressant, while on postpartum psychosis hospitalization usually required.
Tensile Strength of Elastomeric Ligature Ties Stretched Over Large and Small Orthodontic Brackets

TENSILE STRENGTH OF ELASTOMERIC LIGATURE TIES STRETCHED OVER LARGE AND SMALL ORTHODONTIC BRACKETS Shiloh Golden, DMD, MS Marquette University, 2020 Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate whether or not the larger required stretch of elastomeric ligature ties to secure an orthodontic wire into a larger sized bracket would lead to a more significant loss in tensile strength than if a smaller bracket size was used that required less of a stretch for placement of the elastomeric ligature. Methods: Maximum tensile strengths of elastomeric ligature ties from American Orthodontics and Dentsply Sirona were measured and compared after incubation for 4 weeks at 37±1C under the following conditions: Unstretched dry, unstretched in artificial saliva, stretched and tied over a small orthodontic bracket (Forestadent Microsprint .018-inch slot lower right incisor bracket) dry, stretched and tied over a small orthodontic bracket in artificial saliva, stretched and tied over a large orthodontic bracket (American Orthodontics Master Series .022-inch slot upper right central incisor) dry, and stretched and tied over a large orthodontic bracket in artificial saliva. A three-way 2x3x2 ANOVA (Brand, Stretch Magnitude, and Artificial Saliva) analysis was performed at ⍺ = 0.05 on a sample of 240 elastomeric ligatures to determine the effect of different brands, magnitude of stretch, and presence of artificial saliva on maximum tensile strength after 4 weeks of incubation at 37oC. Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test was conducted to determine statistical difference between the maximum tensile strength of unstretched, small magnitude of stretch, and large magnitude of stretch elastomeric ligatures. Results: No statistically significant difference in maximum tensile strength between American Orthodontics and Dentsply Sirona elastomeric ligature ties (p = 0.1081) was found. Presence of artificial saliva resulted in a significant reduction in maximum tensile strength (p <0.0001) between samples tested at the same stretch magnitude. Stretched elastomeric ligature ties resulted in a significantly lower maximum tensile strength than unstretched elastomeric ligatures. The maximum tensile strength in elastomeric ligatures stretched over a small magnitude was not statistically significantly different from that of ligatures stretched over a larger magnitude. Conclusions: Elastomeric ligature ties stretched over bracket wings show a significant loss of tensile strength after 4 weeks when compared to unstretched ligature ties. There was no significant statistical difference between elastomeric ligatures stretched over small and large size brackets.
Effects of sepia ink polysaccharides on spermatogenesis injured by cyclophosphamide

Objective To investigate the protective effects of sepia ink polysaccharides on spermatogenic lesion induced by cyclophosphamide.Methods Male Kunming mice were equally allotted to groups,and were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide(CP,15mg/kg) once a week for 10 weeks to construct injured model of spermatogenesis by CP.Mice in treatment groups orally received sepia ink polysaccharides once a day for 10 weeks.Quantity,survival rate and abnormal rate of sperm and SOD enzyme activety were determined and compared with those of model group.Results Sepia ink polysaccharides,apart from sperm quantity(P0.05),weakened the negative effects of cyclophosphamide on sperm survival rate and abnormal rate and SOD enzyme activety(P0.01). Conclusion Sepia ink polysaccharides have a protective effect on the spermatogenic lesion induced by cyclophosphamide.
Auth-Intg Security System for Communication Protocols

This work presents the development of a secure communication system that support protocols with built-in security capabilities, which are authentication and integrity capabilities. These capabilities can be achieved by applying a new proposed authentication protocol within the standard protocols. The proposed authentication protocol is based on two different authentication services, which are Two-Way Challenge-Response authentication service
User Feedback in Controllable and Explainable Social Recommender Systems: a Linguistic Analysis

Controllable and explainable intelligent user interfaces have been used to provide transparent recommendations. Many researchers have explored interfaces that support user control and provide explanations of the recommendation process and models. To extend the works to real-world decision-making scenarios, we need to understand further the users’ mental models of the enhanced system components. In this paper, we make a step in this direction by investigating a free form feed-back left by users of social recommender systems to specify the reasons of selecting prompted social recommendations. With a user study involving 50 subjects (N=50), we present the linguistic changes in using controllable and explainable interfaces for a social information-seeking task. Based on our ﬁndings, we discuss design implications for controllable and explainable recommender systems.
EXTENSION OF STOCHASTIC INTEGRAL IN BANACH SPACE

The space of distributions on an abstract Wiener space (H, B) is constructed through the second quantification of a self-adjoint unbounded operator on the Cameron-Martin space H . This construction is used to enlarge the domain of the adjoint of the stochastic derivative, thereby generalizing stochastic integration of Hilbert valued processes with respect to a Wiener process in B. We apply this generalization to the study of an abstract stochastic linear system driven by a cylindrical Wiener process. AMS Subject Classification (MSC2000). 60H05, 60H07, 60H15.
I. 서론-본문 큰제목

이진 입자 군집 최적화 (Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO)는 작은 유기체들의 행동특성으로부터 영감을 얻었 으며, 연속적인 문제 공간을 위한 최적화 기법으로 1995 년 Kennedy와 Eberhart에 의해 처음 소개되었다. PSO는 모든 해를 위치와 속도로 표현하며, 위치와 속도 갱신함 수를 사용하며 최적의 해를 찾아간다. 1997년, Kennedy and Eberhart는 PSO를 조합최적화 문제에 적용하기 위 해 이진 버전의 PSO를 제안하였다 (Binary Particle Swarm Optimization, BPSO) [1]. BPSO는 기존 PSO와 속도 갱신하는 방법은 동일하나 위치 갱신하는 방법에 있어서 현재의 위치와 갱신된 속도의 합으로 위치 갱신 을 수행하는 PSO와는 달리 시그모이드 함수에 갱신된 속도 정보 입력한다. 시그모이드 함수는 입력된 값을 0 과 1의 값으로 출력 하며, 시그모이드 함수의 출력 값으 로 BPSO의 위치 값이 갱신된다. 2008년, Sangwook Lee 는 위치 갱신에 현재 위치를 반영하지 않는 기존의 BPSO를 유전알고리즘의 유전자형-표현형 개념을 적용하 여 위치 갱신에 현재 위치를 반영하는 수정된 이진 입자 군집최적화를 (Modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization, MBPSO) 소개하였다[2]. 기존 MBPSO는 속 도갱신에 있어 표현형의 이진정보를 사용하였다. 이진정 보 특성으로 속도 갱신에 있어서 탐색 영역의 불연속 공 간이 생기는 문제를 해결하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 속도 갱신에 유전자형의 연속 공간 정보를 적용한 이진 입자 군집최적화 버전 2 (Modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (Version 2), MBPSO2)를 소개한다. 본 논문의 구성은 아래와 같다. 2장에서는 MBPSO를 수정한 MBPSO2를 소개한다. 3장에서는 MBPSO2의 실 험 결과를 소개하며, 4장의 결론을 끝으로 마친다.
What do you mean by contrast in syntax?*1

Song, Sanghoun and Eunjeong Oh. 2017. What do you mean by contrast in syntax? Linguistic Research 34(3), 387-426. The present work proposes a non-binary evaluation of contrast in syntax and elaborates the benefits of considering gradience and degree in syntactic study. Contrast is one of the most important notions in contemporary linguistics, but the field lacks consensus about its definition and its role. Syntactic contrast has long been used in the field as a binary means of distinguishing grammatical from ungrammatical sentences via introspective judgments. Given that not all (un)grammatical sentences sound equally good or bad, contrasts should also be posited as gradient, thereby being measurable on a continuum of acceptability. The present study argues that a gradient view of syntactic contrasts is often more informative, revealing a greater variety of syntactic underpinnings in human language. To substantiate the merits of the gradient view of contrast over the dichotomous view, the present study presents results from a series of experiments conducted on Korean. The test items consist of 287 sentence pairs randomly extracted from Studies of Generative Grammar 1991-2014. The experimental tasks include a two-alternative forced choice task, a binary yes/no task, and a 5-point Likert scale task. The analysis is four-pronged covering direction, position, distance, and intensity of contrast. First, the direction of syntactic contrasts is examined with respect to whether linguists’ judgments and naïve speakers’ judgments converge with each other. Second, the position of contrasts on acceptability continuum examines absolute goodness of sentences on the assumption that the ‘good’ and ‘bad’ sentence must absolutely sound good and bad to the vast majority of speakers. Third, the distance of contrasts pertains to strength of grammatical constraints. This indicates the magnitude of difference in acceptability between two pairwise sentences. Finally, the intensity of contrasts relates to judgment variation across speakers. This examines whether most naïve speakers agree with the acceptability of a particular sentence and if not, it estimates how much their judgments are scattered in terms of the gradience of acceptability. (Incheon National University · Sangmyung University)
Isolation,Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Culturable Fungi in Luzhou-flavor Daqu

69 strains of fungi were isolated from Luzhou-flavor Daqu through traditional microbial isolation method.The taxonomy information of these separated fungi were analyzed through morphologic observation,molecular biological identification and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that most of fungi can be identified to genus,and species of some strains were identified based on molecular identification of ITS region sequences. Aspergillus,Monascus,Rhizomucor,Lichtheimia,Penicillium,Paecilomyces,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Debaryomyces,Wickerhamomyces anomala,and Sporidiobolus pararoseus were found as the main strains of Luzhou-flavor Daqu. Other groups like Merimbla ingelheimensis,Talaromyces,Cercospora,Cladosporium,Acremonium impicatum,Neurospora etc were also found in Luzhou-flavor Daqu. Among them,Aspergillus spp. was the dominant group,and its stain number ratio and species number ratio were 43.48%and 20.69%,respectively.
Challenges in Firmware Re-Hosting and Analysis

System emulation and firmware re-hosting have become popular techniques to answer various security and performance related questions, such as, does my firmware contain any security vulnerabilities or does it meet some timing requirement when run on a specific hardware platform. While this motivation for emulation and binary analysis has previously been explored and reported, starting to either work or research in the field is difficult. In this article, we provide a comprehensive guide for the firmware analyst or system emulation researcher or practitioner. We lay out what are the common challenges she will face and then explain through successive steps what tools can be used to overcome these challenges. We provide a classification to compare existing tools, on five axes, such as, what is the foundational emulation technique, what is the fidelity of emulation, and what level of control is provided to the user. This comparison enables the practitioner to determine the appropriate tool for her emulation need. We present 28 common challenges faced when creating, emulating and analyzing a system, from obtaining firmwares to post emulation analysis.
Reply: Rapidly progressing diffuse Lewy body disease

Regarding Nishibayashi et al, a description of human pallidal neuronal responses to cortical stimulation, there are 2 sets of concerns. First, the latencies of 22 ms are far longer than reported elsewhere in laboratory animals, as noted by the authors. Their explanation of longer conduction times based on larger human brain sizes is improbable. Their latencies are far longer than those reported in human studies as well. Thalamic neuronal responses latencies to globus pallidus interna (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) are approximately 3.5 ms. Reese et al reported latencies of GPi neuronal responses to subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS ranging from 0.265 to 1.0 ms. Further, STN DBS corticalevoked potentials to single pulses demonstrate latencies of much less than the 22 ms. The observations by Baker et al are particularly relevant, as the evoked potentials reflect antidromic activation of the cortical projections to the STN and thus reflect at least conduction velocities of some of the components that Nishibayashi et al posited as mediating the pallidal neuronal responses. The range of latencies of GPi responses to STN DBS in the study by Reese et al is much faster than antidromic responses described above. Stimulus artifact could obscure earlier extracellular antidromic potentials in the other studies; however, intracellular recordings in cortical neurons to STN stimulation show latencies on the order of 2 6 0.5 ms in the rodent. Rather, the response reported by Reese et al probably represents reentrant activities from DBS pulses earlier than the immediately preceding DBS pulse. The actual latencies probably ranged from n*5.6 þ 0.265 ms to n*5.6 þ 1 ms, where n is some integer and 5.6 ms is the interstimulus interval of 180 pps DBS. This is relevant, as the responses described by Nishibayashi et al could reflect later reentrant activity in the basal ganglia-thalamic-cortical system, which is very different from the presumption of an open-loop feed-forward mechanism by Nishibayashi et al. The second concern relates to the attribution of the sequential changes in neuronal activities to excitation, then inhibition and then excitation from which they inferred a sequence of orthodromic influences. This is an unwarranted conclusion as there are alternatives that cannot be excluded based on the data presented. These alternatives include refractory periods reducing neuronal activity following excitation and a post–refractory period of increased excitability producing increased neuronal activity following the reduction. At the least, alternatives should be considered. Erwin Montgomery, Jr., MD* Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA *E-mail: emontgom@uab.edu
ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN EDUCATIONAL DATA MINING

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive insight to Educational Data Mining and its utilization towards understanding an individuals’ behaviour. It provides the basic introduction to various psychological factors that help to predict the future prospect choices of an individual. We studied a number of papers, supporting the role of non-intellective constructs in growth of a person. It constitutes the data of the survey carried over 150+ adults to support the study. Further, the paper identifies (by the means of opinion polling) the requirement of a recommender system in this area. Finally, we set our thoughts to summarize and conclude the results revealed by the data.
RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM FOR AN ANDROID LAUNCHER

An android launcher completely changes the experience of using a mobile phone. It is the part of an android user interface that lets users customize the home screen, launch mobile applications, make phone calls, and perform other tasks. Currently, launchers offer mainly customization that provides cosmetic features and very few operational functionalities that are used on a daily basis. This launcher aims to create a user modeling system that develops unique customized user profiles based on their daily activities and offer them suggestions and smart notifications in the launcher itself based on the contextual data corresponding to tasks, interests, and habits. Wide linear models and deep feedforward neural networks combine the benefits of both memorization and generalization to learn a unique user profile and provide recommendations, but they suffer from a poor initial performance due to lack of sufficient data. This paper proposes a new model that integrates the Wide & Deep model with a Bayesian linear hierarchical model that can help learn a basic user profile, by borrowing information from other user profiles.
Afro-MNIST: Synthetic generation of MNIST-style datasets for low-resource languages

We present Afro-MNIST, a set of synthetic MNIST-style datasets for four orthographies used in Afro-Asiatic and Niger-Congo languages: Ge`ez (Ethiopic), Vai, Osmanya, and N'Ko. These datasets serve as "drop-in" replacements for MNIST. We also describe and open-source a method for synthetic MNIST-style dataset generation from single examples of each digit. These datasets can be found at this https URL. We hope that MNIST-style datasets will be developed for other numeral systems, and that these datasets vitalize machine learning education in underrepresented nations in the research community.
Transformers Are Better Than Humans at Identifying Generated Text

Fake information spread via the internet and social media influences public opinion and user activity. Generative models enable fake content to be generated faster and more cheaply than had previously been possible. This paper examines the problem of identifying fake content generated by lightweight deep learning models. A dataset containing human and machine-generated headlines was created and a user study indicated that humans were only able to identify the fake headlines in 45.3% of the cases. However, the most accurate automatic approach, transformers, achieved an accuracy of 94%, indicating that content generated from language models can be filtered out accurately.