Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BrainTool A Tool for Generation of the UML Class Diagrams

Object-oriented system modeling enables the sharing of responsibilities between system objects at a high level of system abstraction. The UML class diagram is the central part of the object-oriented system model and serves as a "bridge" between the information about the problem domain at the customer's side and the software components at the developer's side. However, UML is not a methodology for how to model the system, but just a notation for "drawing" of model elements. This paper demonstrates the functionality of the BrainTool, which enables the generation of the UML class diagram from the so called two-hemisphere model, where the problem domain is presented as a concatenation of the problem domain processes, incoming and outgoing information flows and their types. BrainTool is developed using Visual Studio . NET for modeling of the two-hemisphere model, the Python programming language for definition of transformation rules and XMI for model interchange with Sparx Enterprise Architect. Keywords-BrainTool v1.0; UML class diagram; twohemisphere model; model transformation.
When Global Expansion Meets Local Realities in Retailing: Carrefour's Glocal Strategies in Taiwan

Prior studies suggest that the intersection of globalization and localization produces glocalization. Little research though has investigated the ways in which global retailers conduct this glocalization process from a strategy view point. To redress this gap, an investigation is made on how Carrefour as the research case study, has successfully glocalized its strategies in Taiwan. A triangulation approach consisting of interviews, document exploitation and observations were used to collect the data from multiple sources in this qualitative study. The study found that Carrefour glocalized their strategies to suit unique conditions in Taiwan such as Chinese culture, language, local competition and government policy. It is found that glocalization process can be traced in Carrefour’s entry, expansion, position, sourcing, human resources development and promotion strategies. Based on the findings this study submits that Carrefour’s glocal strategies in Taiwan might account for its success to some extent. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research directions are provided.
The Effect of BodyWeight-Supported Training Exercises on Functional Ambulation Profile in Patients with Paraplegic Spinal Cord Injury

Methods: This was a quasi experimental study with pre test and post test. The statistical population consisted of paraplegia spinal cord injured persons in Shahrekord City. Seventeen voluntary patients with paraplegic spinal cord injury (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] B, C classification, with the demographic data [mean±SD] of age 32.53±1.793 y, height 175.71±1.658 cm, weight 71.59±2.442 kg, and Body Mass Index [BMI] 23.18±0.828 kg/m2) selected with convenience sampling. The subjects were randomly assigned to BWSTT group (n=10) and traditional exercise group (n=7). Both groups were trained 60 min per session, 4 sessions per week for 12 weeks. BWSTT included 15 min warm up on fixed gear bike, 45 min BWSTT with 50% body weight and finally 10 min cold down. About 10% load was added each week. Traditional exercises included 15 min warm up plus 45 min stretch exercise and resistance training. SPSS 19.0 software was used to examine between groups. An independent t test was used to compare the changes between pretest and post test between BWSTT and traditional training groups.
Ecology of common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianas) in the Tarawera and Rangitaiki rivers: Isolation by inland distance or anthropogenic discharge?

Abstract Previous research has identified distinct genetic, life‐history and reproductive differences between populationsof common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) upstream and downstream of a pulp and paper mill outfall on the Tarawera River in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. This study investigated the distribution of common bully in the Tarawera River by examining fish collected from upstream (37 km inland) and downstream (20 km inland) locations and comparing them to fish from similar inland locations (40 km and 17 km inland, respectively) in the nearby Rangitaiki River. Reproductive divergence was observed between upstream and downstream sites of both rivers by differing annual trends in gonadosomatic index. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes confirmed residency at each sampling site and otolith microchemistry demonstrated different life‐history strategies between upstream and downstream populations. Diadromous recruits dominated in both downstream river populations, with a general disappearance of diadromy upstream. A mixture of diadromous and non‐diadromous fish were found in the upstream Rangitaiki River, whereas diadromous recruits were absent in the upstream Tarawera River. A reduction in oculoscapular canal structures also coincided with loss of diadromy in fish from both rivers. A behavioural study to determine whether pulp and paper mill effluent may deter fish migration within the Tarawera River demonstrated a strong avoidance of effluent, but only at concentrations (>25%) greater than those that naturally occur in the river (<15%). The results of this study suggest that combinations of influences coupled with inland distance are likely to be responsible for the isolation of common bully subpopulations within the Tarawera River.
The Effectiveness of Facebook Group Discussions on Writing Performance: A Study in Matriculation College

Matriculation a pre-tertiary program offered by Ministry of Education for students who have completed their ‘Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia’s’ (SPM) examinations successfully. These excellent students will be required to sit for the Malaysian University English Test (MUET) before pursuing their studies in local colleges and universities. MUET comprises all the four language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing. However, matriculation students are still unable to perform well in MUET examination especially the writing component. Researcher aimed to see whether Facebook group discussions can be used as a medium to improve writing skills of students. The main purpose of this study is to look at the effectiveness of Facebook group discussion in writing performance and college students’ perception of using Facebook discussion. This study tested the effect of Facebook discussions by comparing 2 groups of learners (a control group and an experimental group) on writing tasks. The scores of Pre and Post test for both groups will be compared after treatment method of Facebook group discussion on the experimental group. Learners’ attitudes towards the usage of Facebook group discussion and aspects of Facebook that help students to express their opinion. Discussions of the findings will include suggestions on whether Facebook discussions can be used to improve writing performance.
Decentralized Reinforcement Learning Robust Optimal Tracking Control for Time Varying Constrained Reconfigurable Modular Robot Based on ACI and -Function

A novel decentralized reinforcement learning robust optimal tracking control theory for time varying constrained reconfigurable modular robots based on action-critic-identifier (ACI) and state-action value function (-function) has been presented to solve the problem of the continuous time nonlinear optimal control policy for strongly coupled uncertainty robotic system. The dynamics of time varying constrained reconfigurable modular robot is described as a synthesis of interconnected subsystem, and continuous time state equation and -function have been designed in this paper. Combining with ACI and RBF network, the global uncertainty of the subsystem and the HJB (Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman) equation have been estimated, where critic-NN and action-NN are used to approximate the optimal -function and the optimal control policy, and the identifier is adopted to identify the global uncertainty as well as RBF-NN which is used to update the weights of ACI-NN. On this basis, a novel decentralized robust optimal tracking controller of the subsystem is proposed, so that the subsystem can track the desired trajectory and the tracking error can converge to zero in a finite time. The stability of ACI and the robust optimal tracking controller are confirmed by Lyapunov theory. Finally, comparative simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed ACI and decentralized control theory.
Demand in the Wake of an Emerging Middle Class and Low-End Entry

The emerging middle class has become a force of great economic importance in consumer markets around the globe. This paper examines the impact of a substantial rise in Brazil's living standards on the development of the country's large soft-drink market, during a period which saw unprecedented growth in the share of generic soda brands. Relying on a unique combination of richly varying market and consumer-level data, we estimate a novel structural demand model that identifies a mechanism by which a household develops either a 'premium brand habit' or a 'frugal habit'. We find strong empirical evidence of such persistence in preferences, and demonstrate that controlling for such consumption habits is instrumental for identifying the heterogeneous price sensitivities of different socioeconomic groups. Our model casts light on the nature of competition between premium brands and the expanding competitive fringe in an emerging market. In particular, our demand model provides support for Coca Cola Co's abrupt price cut in July 1999, whereas models that do not incorporate our persistence structure provide weaker support for this strategic move.
Numerical Simulation of Methane-Water Combustion at Transcritical Conditions

Author(s): Jorda Juanos, Albert | Advisor(s): Sirignano, William A | Abstract: Combustion at elevated pressure brings advantages in terms of efficiency and emissions. In many different devices a liquid reactant is injected into a high pressure chamber where the reaction occurs. Common applications are diesel, jet, and rocket engines. Frequently, the thermodynamic conditions of the ambient fluid in the combustion chamber are supercritical for both fuel and oxidizer. However, the injected fluid is usually at subcritical temperature. Consequently, two phases exist until the temperature of the liquid rises to its critical value by means of heat transfer. This process is known as transcritical vaporization. Important and challenging problems associated with this scenario have been studied with increasing interest during the past years. The main aspects of study include transcritical single-droplet and spray vaporization, mixing, combustion, phase equilibrium, and transport. Despite an extensive and growing list of publications, there are still unanswered questions. For example, the presence of sharp gradients in density or composition are not well understood under conditions that one would expect to be supercritical. The possible existence of a heat of vaporization and surface tension in the supercritical regime has been highlighted by some researchers. Understanding the physics governing these phenomena is crucial to control combustion chambers, as well as to provide an opportunity for improving their design. Other relevant applications for transcritical combustion are the burning of gas hydrates and direct water injection. It is well known that large quantities of methane are stored in form of gas hydrates in the ocean at a depth of the order of 1 km. The possibility of burning these materials locally to extract energy has been suggested. The conditions in which combustion would occur with so much water in the environment and at high pressure are also not well understood. A one-dimensional counterflow diffusion flame model is used in this dissertation together with real-fluid thermodynamics and laws of phase equilibrium. The presented solutions provide insights that are relevant to the scenarios posed above.
Why Inventions Occurred in Some Countries and Not in Others

The reasons why inventions that shaped industrial revolutions, occurred in the UK and in the USA, have been suggested by economic historians. For the ﬁrst time,we access the determinants of more than a hundred inventions around the world, explaining why they occurred in a given country and why some occurred earlier than others. We conﬁrm the importance of scale eﬀects and dismiss the importance of education as triggers of inventions. Geographic and genetic distance from the UK and the USA have proven to be signiﬁcant in explaining inventions. Both distance from the UK and proximity to the USA seem to have signiﬁcant eﬀect on the rise of the probability to invent and on the probability to invent earlier.
The Contribution of Technologies to Promote Healthy Aging and Prevent Frailty in Elderly People

In this chapter, the author discusses the contribution of technological achievements and ICT applications to prevent or reverse frailty in elderly people and to promote active and healthy aging. After a theoretical and political reflection about the issues associated to a new paradigm of aging in current societies, the author underlines the potentialities of technology as a complementary mechanism to achieve alternative and innovative responses as well as integrated and multidimensional policies and actions.
Effects of obesity on upper extremity range of motion in children

Correspondence: Fırat Erdoğan, MD. Özel İstanbul Medipol Hastanesi, Çocuk Hastalıkları Bölümü, 34718 Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey. Tel: +90 533 642 54 80 e-mail: firaterdogan34@gmail.com ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aims to assess the effects of obesity on upper extremity range of motion in children. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study covers 153 participants (85 boys, 68 girls; mean age 8.3±3.6 years; range 2 to 16 years) admitted in the pediatrics clinic of our hospital between January 2014 and December 2015. We evaluated the participants’ body mass indexes (BMI) according to the percentile chart recommended by World Health Organization and they were divided into three groups as normal weight (n=53), overweight (n=50) and obese (n=50). We measured the participants’ upper extremity ranges of motion (ROM) elbow extension and flexion angles, carrying angle and shoulder abduction angle by using a standard 12-inch plastic goniometer. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the right and left joint angle measurements. No relationship was found between the age and flexion moment in each BMI groups. We found significant difference between BMI percentile and elbow extension and ROM levels, however there was no statistically significant difference between the gender and ROM measurements. No statistical difference was determined in terms of ROM in any joint in either between the groups of normal weight and overweight or between the overweight and obese groups. Although there was no significant difference at flexion angle measurements between normal weight and obese groups, we found statistically significant difference in extension angle measurements. Conclusion: Obesity causing restricted movement in the upper extremities may lead children to a more sedentary lifestyle by reducing their will to participate in daily activities such as sports and games. Therefore children with decreased energy expenditure will have weight gain trends and their obesity problems will deepen.
Effect of Foliar Spray of Humic acid, Ascorbic acid, Cultivars and their Interactions on Growth of Olive (Olea European L.) Transplants cvs. Khithairy and Sorany

The study was conducted at the nursery of Malta station Duhok, Kurdistan region - Iraq, during the season 2011 to study the effect of ascorbic acid and humic acid on vegetative growth of two olive (Olea europaea) cultivars (Khithairy and Sorany ). The transplants were sprayed with four levels (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg.l -1 ) ascorbic acid and four levels of humic acid (0, 20, 40 and 60 mg.l -1 ). When transplant treated with 500 mg.l -1 ascorbic acid showed significantly effect of most characteristics, however foliar application of humic acid at 20 mg.l -1 significantly increase plant height, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight. Khithairy cultivar significantly dominated Sorany cultivar of the most studied characteristics. The interactions between cultivar and ascorbic acid showed significantly affected on the most characteristic studied, while Khithairy cultivar when treated with 500 mg.l -1 ascorbic acid significantly increased plant height, leaves number, leaf area and lateral shoot number. Cultivar and humic acid interactions showed that the Khithairy when treated with 60 mg.l -1 humic acid significantly affected on the most of the characteristic studied while the interactions between ascorbic acid and humic showed that the transplants when treated with 20mg.l -1 humic only increase significantly most characteristics. The interactions between (khithairy×0 mg.l -1 ascorbic acid ×60 mg.l -1 humic) increased significantly leaves number, shoot length and lateral shoot number. Key word: Humic acid, Ascorbic acid, Olive cultivar, leaf nutrient.
Influences of presowing treatments on the germination and emergence of fig seeds ( Ficus carica L.) - doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v34i3.13392

Seed germination of fig seeds is important for obtain seedlings with high variability in breeding studies, and for producing mosaic virus-free seedlings. This experiment was carried out to evaluated the effects of several treatments (priming with water for 24h, GA3 at 500 and 1000 ppm for 24h, 3% KNO3 for 24h, and stratification at 4°C for 7, 14 and 21 days) on seed germination and emergence of ‘Bursa Siyahı’ and ‘Sarılop’ fig cultivars. The application of GA3 increased the germination and emergence of these fig seeds. The highest percentages of germination and emergence were obtained with GA3 at 500 or 1000 ppm for both cultivars. The seed germination and emergence of the cultivar ‘Bursa Siyahı’ were higher than observed with the ‘Sarılop’. The application of GA3 at 500 ppm or 1000 ppm reduced the time to germination and emergence from the seeds of both cultivars. In summary, the GA3 treatments showed efficacy to overcome the dormancy of these fig seeds.
Comparative study on physico-chemical parameters on biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( NCIM 2074 ) and Pseudomonas desmolyticum ( NCIM 2028 )

Phenols are one of many commonly occurring organic pollutants in the environment. These compounds are stable and even at low concentrations they may be toxic towards living organisms and cause unfavorable chemical changes in waters and soils. Among others, biotechnological methods are applied for their removal. The biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCIM 2074) and Pseudomonas desmolyticum (NCIM 2028), potential biodegradents have been investigated for its degrading potential under different operating conditions. It was found that the degrading potential of P. aeruginosa and P. desmolyticum was strongly affected by the variations in pH, inoculum size, temperature and carbon (glucose) source. Optimum conditions of the variables for the growth of P. aeruginosa and P. desmolyticum and for maximum biodegradation of phenol are pH (7, 6), inoculum size (5% v/v, 4% v/v), temperature (320C, 320C) and carbon (0.5 g/l, 0.5 g/l) respectively. These results are useful to understand the physiological and biochemical properties of P. aeruginosa and P. desmolyticum before its optimum use in environmental application and these data will assist in choosing the right phenol degrader for a changeable environment.
CONTINGENCY OF GRASSLAND RESTORATION ON YEAR, SITE, AND COMPETITION FROM INTRODUCED GRASSES

Semiarid ecosystems such as grasslands are characterized by high temporal variability in abiotic factors, which has led to suggestions that management actions may be more effective in some years than others. Here we examine this hypothesis in the context of grassland restoration, which faces two major obstacles: the contingency of native grass establishment on unpredictable precipitation, and competition from introduced species. We established replicated restoration experiments over three years at two sites in the northern Great Plains in order to examine the extent to which the success of several restoration strategies varied between sites and among years. We worked in 50-yr-old stands of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), an introduced perennial grass that has been planted on >10 × 106 ha in western North America. Establishment of native grasses was highly contingent on local conditions, varying fourfold among years and threefold between sites. Survivorship also varied greatly and increased signi.
Randomized Controlled Trial of BASICS for Heavy Drinking Mandated and Volunteer Undergraduates: 12-Month Outcomes

This is the first randomized trial testing whether heavy drinking undergraduates mandated to the Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) program following a campus alcohol violation would benefit as much as heavy drinking volunteers up to one year post-intervention using high-risk control groups to model disciplinary-related and naturalistic changes in drinking. Participants (61% male; 51% mandated; 84% Caucasian; Mage = 20.14 years) were screened for heavy drinking and randomized to BASICS (n = 115) or control (n = 110). Outcome measures collected at baseline, 4 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months post-intervention included the Daily Drinking Questionnaire and Rutgers Alcohol Problem Inventory. At 4 weeks post-intervention, intent-to-treat multilevel longitudinal models showed that regardless of referral group (mandated or volunteer) BASICS significantly decreased weekly drinking, typical drinks, and peak drinks relative to controls (ds = .41-.92). Decreases in alcohol problems were of large effect size (d = .87). At 12 months post-intervention, BASICS participants (regardless of referral group) reported significantly fewer alcohol problems (d = .56) compared to controls. Significant intervention gains for peak drinks and typical drinks were sustained in both referral groups relative to controls (ds = .42; .11). Referral group had no significant main effect and did not interact with intervention condition to predict outcomes. BASICS was associated with less drinking and fewer alcohol problems, even among heavier drinking mandated students up to one year post-intervention. Provision of BASICS-style programs within disciplinary settings may help reduce heavy drinking and alcohol problems among at-risk students.
Bayesian Model Specification: Some problems related to model choice and calibration

In the development of Bayesian model specification for inference and prediction we focus on the conditional distributions p(�|B) and p(D|�,B), with data D and background assumptions B, and consider calibration (an assessment of how often we get the right answers) as an important integral step of the model development. We compare several predictive model-choice criteria and present related calibration results. In particular, we have implemented a simulation study to compare predictive model-choice criteria LSCV , a log-score based on cross-validation, LSF S, a full-sample log score, with deviance information criterion, DIC. We show that for several classes of models DIC and LSCV are (strongly) negatively correlated; that LSF S has better small-sample model discrimination performance than either DIC, or LSCV ; we further demonstrate that when validating the model-choice results, a standard use of posterior predictive tail-area for hypothesis testing can be poorly calibrated and present a method for its proper calibration.