Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diurnal and nocturnal pollination of Marginatocereus marginatus (Pachycereeae: Cactaceae) in Central Mexico.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chiropterophillous and ornithophillous characteristics can form part of a single reproductive strategy in plants that have flowers with diurnal and nocturnal anthesis. This broader pollination strategy can ensure seed set when pollinators are scarce or unpredictable. This appears to be true of hummingbirds, which presumably pollinate Marginatocereus marginatus, a columnar cactus with red nocturnal and diurnal flowers growing as part of dense bat-pollinated columnar cacti forests in arid regions of central Mexico. The aim of this study was to study the floral biology of M. marginatus, and evaluate the effectiveness of nocturnal vs. diurnal pollinators and the contribution of each pollinator group to overall plant fitness. METHODS Individual flower buds were marked and followed to evaluate flower phenology and anthesis time. Flowers and nectar production were measured. An exclusion experiment was conducted to measure the relative contribution of nocturnal and diurnal pollinators to seed set. KEY RESULTS Marginatocereus marginatus has red hermaphroditic flowers with nocturnal and diurnal anthesis. The plant cannot produce seeds by selfing and was pollinated during the day by hummingbirds and during the night by bats, demonstrating that both pollinator groups were important for plant reproduction. Strong pollen limitation was found in the absence of one of the pollinator guilds. CONCLUSIONS Marginatocereus marginatus has an open pollination system in which both diurnal and nocturnal pollinators are needed to set seeds. This represents a fail-safe pollination system that can ensure both pollination, in a situation of low abundance of one of the pollinator groups (hummingbirds), and high competition for nocturnal pollinators with other columnar cacti that bloom synchronously with M. marginatus in the Tehuacan Valley, Mexico.
Local Effects of Stenoses: Increased Flow Velocity Inhibits Atherogenesis

Thoracic aortic coarctations were produced in cynomolgus monkeys by one of three methods: circumferential banding to produce a symmetric channel with a rigid wall, lateral plication to provide an asymmetric channel with splinting on one side, and lateral plication plus banding to provide a rigid asymmetric channel. The degree of luminal constriction was 58 ± 12%, with no significant difference among groups. After 3–12 months on an atherogenic diet, the coarctation channels were remarkably free of lesions compared with the aorta immediately proximal to the coarctation (p < 0.001). Banding resulted in sharp circumferential termination of the lesions just proximal to the constriction. Lateral plication resulted in an oblique termination of proximal disease with sparing opposite the plication. Lesions distal to coarctations occurred in a pattern related to the configuration of the coarctation channel and tended to form immediately below the plication. Sparing in and immediately beyond the constriction was independent of the rigidity of the aortic wall or of previous disruptive endothelial or medial injury associated with the operative procedures. Endothelium was preserved within the coarctation channel and over all lesions proximal and distal to the constriction. The findings suggest that flow separation and instability tend to favor atherogenesis, whereas increased flow velocity per se may exert a protective effect.
Successful Gene Tagging in Lettuce Using the Tnt1 Retrotransposon from Tobacco

The tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) element Tnt1 is one of the few identified active retrotransposons in plants. These elements possess unique properties that make them ideal genetic tools for gene tagging. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of gene tagging using the retrotransposon Tnt1 in lettuce (Lactuca sativa), which is the largest genome tested for retrotransposon mutagenesis so far. Of 10 different transgenic bushes carrying a complete Tnt1 containing T-DNA, eight contained multiple transposed copies of Tnt1. The number of transposed copies of the element per plant was particularly high, the smallest number being 28. Tnt1 transposition in lettuce can be induced by a very simple in vitro culture protocol. Tnt1 insertions were stable in the progeny of the primary transformants and could be segregated genetically. Characterization of the sequences flanking some insertion sites revealed that Tnt1 often inserted into genes. The progeny of some primary transformants showed phenotypic alterations due to recessive mutations. One of these mutations was due to Tnt1 insertion in the gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase gene. Taken together, these results indicate that Tnt1 is a powerful tool for insertion mutagenesis especially in plants with a large genome.
ISOLATION OF ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES FROM MOSQUITOES IN THE TAMPA BAY AREA OF FLORIDA DURING THE EPIDEMIC OF 1962.

Summary St. Louis encephalitis virus was isolated on 23 occasions from mosquitoes collected between September 7 and October 25 at widely separated localities of the four-county Tampa Bay area during the St. Louis encephalitis epidemic of 1962. Twenty-two of these isolations were obtained from 485 pools of Culex nigripalpus; the 23rd was from 91 pools of Melanoconion, a subgenus of Culex. The mosquitoes were collected alive in battery-powered light traps and traps baited with ducklings or chicks. These isolations indicate that infected vectors were prevalent over a vast area exposing the human population to infection throughout the region.
An Effective Permittivity Tensor of Cylindrically Perforated Dielectrics

In the letter, we propose a simple analytical effective permittivity model of perforated dielectrics composed of through-hole cylindrical perforations. As the perforated dielectrics are uniaxial media, the model respects the anisotropic properties of the material and the results are simple engineering formulas for effective permittivities of ordinary and extraordinary wave for polarization corresponding to parallel and perpendicular orientation with respect to the axis of perforations. The model is based on the 2-D Maxwell Garnett approximation of inhomogeneous media valid for circularly shaped perforations. The analytical results obtained for propagation of transverse electromagnetic wave are verified by unit-cell full-wave simulations of triangular perforations lattice, and a very good agreement is obtained.
Central Nervous System Toxicity of Local Anesthetic Mixtures in the Rat

Local anesthetics are often administered as mixtures during regional anesthesia. This study investigated whether a synergistic or antagonistic interaction between amide/amide or amide/ester local anesthetic combinations is present with respect to central nervous system toxicity. For surgical preparation, rats were anesthetized with 0.8% halothane in 30% O2/ balance N20 and mechanically ventilated. Mean arterial blood pressure and the electroencephalogram were continuously monitored. After surgery, the halothane was discontinued for 15 min. An intravenous infusion of solutions containing lidocaine alone, bupivacaine alone, or any of three mixtures of the two drugs was then begun and continued at a fixed rate until seizure activity was observed on the electroencephalogram. Total administered doses of both drugs were compared by isobolographic analysis. After a similar protocol, a second experiment was performed evaluating lidocaine, tetracaine, or any of three mixtures of those two drugs. In both experiments, normocapnia, normoxia, and normo-thermia were maintained for all rats. For mixtures of lidocaine/bupivacaine (P = 0.40) and lidocaine/ tetracaine (P = 0.24), there was no evidence that a significant degree of either synergism or antagonism was present. At the onset of seizures, mean arterial pressure was lowest in the lidocaine-alone groups in both experiments. Increasing doses of either bupivacaine or tetracaine (with correspondingly decreasing doses of lidocaine) were associated with greater mean arterial pressure values at onset of seizures. We conclude that central nervous system toxic effects of amide/amide or amide/ester anesthetic combinations, such as might occur during accidental intravascular injection, are no more than when the drugs are administered alone. Because such combinations appear to have additive epileptogenic effects, proportional reductions in the dose of one drug must be made if administered in combination with another.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis of immune complexes in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells is mediated by FcgammaRIIb2.

UNLABELLED Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) display a number of receptors for efficient uptake of potentially injurious molecules. The receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (FcgammaRs) regulate a number of physiological and pathophysiological events. We used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting to determine the expression of different types of FcgammaRs in LSECs. Biochemical approaches and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to characterize the FcgammaR-mediated endocytosis of immune complexes (ICs). FcgammaRIIb2 was identified as the main receptor for the efficient uptake of ICs in LSECs. The receptor was shown to use the clathrin pathway for IC uptake; however, the association with lipid rafts may slow the rate of its internalization. Moreover, despite trafficking through lysosomal integral membrane protein-II (LIMP-II)-containing compartments, the receptor was not degraded. Finally, it was shown that the receptor recycles to the cell surface both with and without IC. CONCLUSION FcgammaRIIb2 is the main receptor for endocytosis of ICs in rat LSECs. Internalized ICs are degraded with slow kinetics, and IC internalization is not linked to receptor downregulation. After internalization, the receptor recycles to the cell surface both with and without ICs. Thus, FcgammaRIIb2 in rat LSECs is used as both a recycling receptor and a receptor for efficient IC clearance.
High Impact

This month’s selection for High Impact is ‘‘The putative Arabidopsis Arp2/3 complex controls leaf cell morphogenesis’’ by Li et al. (2003), which appeared in our August 2003 issue and as of November 2005 had been cited 44 times (Thompson ISI Web of Science, http://www.isinet.com). The research presented in the article has furthered the understanding of the dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and its involvement in cell shape determination.
Inheritance of Quantity and Quality of Milk Production in Dairy Cattle.

In 1911 the late T. J. Bowlker undertook at his farm in Framingham, Mass. , an experimental study of inheritance in dairy cattle by the modern method of crossing pure breeds and looking for a recombination in the second crossbred generation of the characters differentiating the breeds crossed. The breeds which he selected for study were the Holstein-Friesian and the Guernsey, one supreme among dairy breeds in quantity production, the other of very high rank as regards quality of milk produced. It was his belief that if quantity and quality of milk production were independently inherited characters, it should be possible to combine them in a single race by the method of crossbreeding, in accordance with Mendel's law. The desired recombination of qualities, if attainable, would be of much importance to the dairy industry, and at any rate the knowledge whether such recombination is attainable would be a valuable contribution to science. With rare insight into the difficulties surrounding the problem and the proper method of attacking it, Mr. Bowlker planned his experiment on a considerable scale. He had a herd of some 40 pure-bred registered cows, about two-thirds of them being Holsteins, the rest being Guernseys. He also had a pure-bred registered bull of each breed, and in the pedigrees of these bulls excellent blood-lines were represented. He decided to cross-breed the entire herd, mating the Holstein cows to the Guernsey bull and the Guernsey cows to the Holstein bull. In this way what are known as reciprocal crosses were made between the two breeds. In all about 140 F1 calves were produced between the years 1912 and 1919. As last as the Fl heifers attained suitable age they were bred to F1 bulls in order to secure the desired F2 generation, in which combination of characters might be expected. About 35 living F2 calves have been produced in this way of which the heifers have been saved for milking tests, for which, however, they are still too young. Mr. Bowlker did not live to see the completion of his experiment but died in February, 1917. His family undertook to complete the unfinished work, with such scientific advice as I could give them, but practical difficulties having arisen which make it impossible to carry the work 428
The lived body and the perioperative period in replacement surgery: older people's experiences.

AIM This paper is a report of a study to explore older people's experiences of their lived bodies during the perioperative period for a hip or knee replacement. BACKGROUND Replacement surgery of a major joint for older people suffering from osteoarthritis is an established treatment in developed countries. Scientific knowledge is available on replacement surgery from several perspectives, but not about older people's experiences of the entire perioperative period of a replacement procedure. METHOD A qualitative longitudinal study was conducted between 2002 and 2004. Audiotaped interviews were carried out with 12 older people, on five different occasions during the perioperative period. The data were analysed using latent qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS The perioperative period of a hip or knee replacement can be regarded as a process of transition which includes six critical phases. The transition was supported with the dream of becoming as able-bodied as previously in life, by having surgery. In addition, our findings revealed that the care recipients lacked knowledge about the surgical intervention as a whole. CONCLUSION The meaning of having joint replacement surgery was to overcome the confinement of living with a painful and unreliable body. Furthermore, care recipients struggled to regain a body in charge and control of their lives, yet from a new starting point. The care recipients were not prepared for the transitional changes through the perioperative period. Further research is needed to develop an appropriate programme for patient care during the perioperative period, in order to facilitate the process of transition.
Development of GABA‐mediated, chloride‐dependent inhibition in CA1 pyramidal neurones of immature rat hippocampal slices.

1. gamma‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐mediated, Cl(‐)‐dependent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and GABA currents in immature rat hippocampal CA1 neurones were studied using the whole‐cell recording technique in brain slices. 2. IPSPs evoked by electrical stimulation were observed in postnatal 2‐ to 5‐ (PN2‐5), 8‐ to 13‐(PN8‐13) and 15‐ to 20‐(PN15‐20)day‐old CA1 neurones. In the presence of glutamate receptor blockers 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX) and D‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (APV), the reversal potential for the IPSP (EIPSP) was near the resting membrane potential (RMP) in the PN2‐5 neurones, but 13 and 25 mV more negative than the RMP in PN8‐13 and PN15‐20 neurones respectively. IPSPs and GABA currents were blocked by the GABAA‐receptor antagonists bicuculline or picrotoxin. 3. The reversal potential for somatic GABA currents (EGABA) was examined in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX). There was a strong dependence of the EGABA upon the patch pipette [Cl‐] ([Cl‐]p). indicating that the GABA currents were mediated by a Cl‐ conductance. In PN2‐5 neurones, EGABA agreed with the value predicted by the Goldman‐Hodgkin‐Katz equation at given concentrations of internal and external anions permeable through GABA‐activated Cl‐ channels, whereas EGABA in older neurones was 8‐18 mV more negative. 4. Examination of the relations between EGABA, holding potential, [Cl‐]p and resting conductance indicated that the membrane of the PN2‐5 neurones was readily permeable to Cl‐ which followed a passive Donnan equilibrium. Passive distribution of Cl‐ played a decreasing role in PN8‐13 neurones and in PN15‐20 neurones. 5. To assess the contribution of outward Cl‐ co‐transport, bath applications of high K+ or furosemide were performed. High K+ and furosemide caused a reversible positive shift of EGABA in PN15‐20 neurones. Raising the temperature moved EGABA to a more negative potential, with a Q10 of 5 mV. A similar change of EGABA in response to high K+, but not to furosemide, was found in PN8‐13 neurones. 6. The present data indicate the existence of GABAA‐mediated inhibitory synaptic connections in CA1 neurones at the earliest stages of postnatal life. During the first postnatal week, Cl‐ ions are passively distributed and the EIPSP and EGABA are near the RMP. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Organic field effect transistor based on polyaniline - dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid for humidity sensor

Humidity sensor based on organic field-effect transistor (OFET) was created using P-channel organic semiconductor polyaniline doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA)(1∶2.5) as an active layer and gate insulator polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) layer on n-type silicon gate. The performance of OFET was evaluated using current-voltage characteristics (I–V) under exposure to humidity. The p-type OFETs operating in an enhancement mode with the current saturation (ISat) was 2.6 µA and the threshold voltage VT was found to be 2.4V. The OFET sensors exhibited a change in the electric characteristic such as the threshold voltage, the saturation current, and the field-effect charge carrier mobility when the sensors were exposed to Relative humidity (RH). Meanwhile, the favourable and rapid change in humidity response characteristics of the OFET sensors was observed from the change in the drain-source current as a function of time. After exposed to relative humidity, the drain current of sensor was enhanced due to the decrease of the channel resistance. When the sensors were exposed to 93.4 % RH the drain current was saturated.
Characterization of tissue optical parameters in the region of 1-2 /spl mu/m

The time-of-flight (TOF) method and the diffuse reflectance (DR) method were applied for the characterization of optical parameters in living tissue in the region of 1-2 /spl mu/m. The absorption coefficient obtained by the TOF method was consistent with the content of water in the tissue. The DR measurement indicates the very large attenuation in the wavelength region above 1.4 /spl mu/m. In this region, it is suggested that the optical transport does not diffuse well and it is localized at the light source.
A 5Gb/s equalizer for USB 3.0 receiver in 65 nm CMOS technology

In this paper a 5Gb/s equalizer has been presented. It is designed to operate within USB 3.0 transceiver and compensates for frequency dependent losses introduced by transmission channel. For the reference signal, the clock and data recovery circuit has been used. This approach allowed to minimize the equalizer components. Critical equalizer building blocks have been implemented in GLOBALFOUNDRIES 65 nm Low Power CMOS technology. Other blocks are modeled in hardware description language. Mixed-signal system simulation results show full functionality of the proposed solution.
Mobile-based interpreter of arterial blood gases using knowledge-based expert system

Purpose – An arterial blood gas (ABG) interpretation remains indispensable tool to assess and monitor critically ill patients in the intensive care unit or other critical care settings. This paper proposes a mobile‐based interpreter for ABG tests with the aim of providing accurate diagnosis in face of multiple acid‐base and oxygenation disorders. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach – A rule‐based expert system is designed and implemented using interpretation knowledge gathered from specialist physicians and peer‐reviewed medical literature. The gathered knowledge of ABG tests are organized into premise‐explanation pairs to deliver reliable evaluation with the appropriate differential in a timely manner.Findings – Performance of the developed interpreter prototype was assessed using a dataset of 74 ABG tests gathered from medical literature and clinical practice. The obtained results demonstrated that the identified acid‐base and oxygenation disorders and their differential d.
A Survey on Big Data & Privacy Preserving Publishing Techniques

Big data describes very large data sets that have more diverse and complicated structure like weblogs, social media, email, sensors, and photographs. These less structured data and distinctiveness characteristics from traditional databases typically associated with extra complications in storing, analyzing and applying further procedures or extracting results. Big data analytics is the process of inspecting gigantic amounts of complex data in order to find out unseen patterns or recognizing furtive correlations. Since traditional databases systems cannot be used to process the big data, it poses numerous challenges to the research community. Security and privacy are the important concerns with data. However, there exists incongruity between the Big data security and privacy and the extensive use of big data. This paper gives insights on overview of big data, associated challenges, privacy and security concerns and the differentiation between privacy & security requirements in big data. Also, we focused on various privacy models which can be stretched to big data domain, analyzing the benefits and drawbacks of Data anonymity privacy models.
Machine Learning and Rare Variant Adjudication in Type 1 Long QT Syndrome.

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a clinically and genetically heterogenous disorder of myocardial repolarization that often manifests clinically as heart rate–corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation on 12-lead ECG and increased risk of syncope and sudden cardiac death.1,2 Among phenotypically robust nonsyndromic LQTS cases (ie, persistent QTc prolongation ≥480 ms or Schwartz diagnostic score ≥3.5), ≈75% are anticipated to harbor a heterozygous pathogenic variant in 1 of the 3 major LQTS-susceptibility genes ( KCNQ1 /LQT1, ≈35%; KCNH2 /LQT2, ≈30%; and SCN5A /LQT3, ≈10%). 2–4 As a result of established genotype-phenotype correlations, the identification of a putative pathogenic KCNQ1 , KCNH2 , or SCN5A genetic variant often enables use of genotype-guided approaches to risk stratification and clinical management.5 As such, current Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association guidelines consider LQTS-specific genetic testing for individuals with a strong clinical suspicion of LQTS based on clinical/family history and electrocardiographic phenotype as a class I recommendation.6 See Article by Li et al However, even when potentially LQTS-causative rare variants are unearthed, the presence of a ≈3% to 8% background rate of rare KCNQ1 , KCNH2 , and SCN5A nonsynonymous variants in public exomes/genomes can make assignment of causation problematic.7–9 When coupled with the increased utilization of genetic testing to probe weak or nonexistent clinical phenotypes, whether out of concern for the marked incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity observed in most sudden cardiac death-predisposing genetic heart disorders10 or a failure to recognize the probablistic rather than binary nature of genetic testing, the net result has been a surge …