Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Political Budget Cycles: Conditioning Factors and New Evidence

This chapter reviews the literature on political budget cycles (PBCs), focusing on studies that analyze the conditionality of opportunistic effects. First, factors that affect incentives of politicians to embark on pre-electoral policy manipulations are highlighted, and then factors that influence the capability of those manipulations to generate additional votes are discussed. Finally, the effects of personal characteristics of leaders on PBCs are explored. To complement the review, an empirical investigation of electoral effects on central governments’ deficit, expenditure and revenue series, under various political arrangements, is implemented on a large panel covering 78 countries and 42 years of data (1975 to 2016). Empirical results confirm that PBCs are more likely to occur under certain politico-institutional circumstances, including predetermined elections, disputed elections, majoritarian electoral rules, larger private benefits from holding office, weak constraints on executives, a high proportion of uninformed voters, and new democracies.
Exercise Programming for Cardiovascular Disease

SUMMARY CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE REMAINS THE NUMBER ONE KILLER OF ADULTS WORLDWIDE. REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED AS AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT TO IMPROVE PHYSICAL FUNCTION AND REDUCE MORTALITY IN CARDIAC PATIENTS. THE MOST COMMON MODALITY PRESCRIBED IS AEROBIC TRAINING, ALTHOUGH MORE RECENTLY RESISTANCE TRAINING AND INTERVAL TRAINING HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED. THESE MODALITIES ENHANCE CARDIAC FUNCTION, MAXIMAL OXYGEN UPTAKE (V[Combining Dot Above]O2MAX), AND OVERALL TOLERANCE TO EXERCISE AND IMPROVE HEALTH STATUS.
Quantifying the performance of SAR segmentation algorithms

Objective methods for analysing the performance of SAR segmentation algorithms, in terms of segment homogeneity, are discussed. Tests are based on the segmentations generated by two algorithms, RWSEG and ANNEAL, of an ERS-1 image of an agricultural scene. Homogeneity is assessed using the coefficient of variation of segments and the ratio of the original and segmented images. The relation between these approaches and the effect of segment size are discussed. The measures of homogeneity which are derived correspond to the results of a visual comparison.
Novel Non-Equidistant Optimum GM(1,1) and its Application to Line-Drawing Data Processing in Computer Aided Design

Based on the exponential trait of grey model and the definition of integral, the reconstruction method of GM(1,1) model’s background value function of non-equal distance sequence was put forward and a kind of non-equidistant optimum grey model GM(1,1) to line-drawing data processing in computer aided design was proposed. The new model chooses the modified first component of X(0) obtained by optimizing as the starting conditions of the grey differential model and the parameter of the background value function also obtained by optimizing with chaos immune particle swarm optimization algorithm (CIPSO) to make the fitting mean relative error least. The method of precision inspection was introduced. Then, the programming was authorized with MATLAB7.6 language. An example was given, the results were compared with the results based other Grey models, respectively. The method can be used for model establishing on equal interval, as well as on non-interval. Moreover, GM(1,1) model’s fitting precision and prediction is advanced and the scope of application is enlarged. The model is simple and practical, and has a generalizing value in the field of CAD.
Could Preoperative Ultrasound Examination Improve the Final Outcome of Appendectomies

The overall incidence of this condition is approximately 11 cases per 10,000 populations per year. Acute appendicitis may occur at any age, although it is relatively rare at extremes of age 3 . ___________________________________________________________________________________ * Consultant General Surgeon ** Surgical Resident ***Senior Surgical Resident Department of Surgery Salmaniya Medical Complex Kingdom of Bahrain Email: jaffaremail@gmail.com
Gemin function in small nuclear RNP biogenesis and Spinal Muscular Atrophy

10 Chapter I: Introduction and Research Objectives.12 Introduction.13 Spinal Muscular Atrophy.13 The SMN complex.16 snRNP biogenesis.18 The Cajal body.22 Dilemmas in SMA pathogenesis and snRNP biogenesis.26 Research Objectives.29 Chapter II: Gemin proteins are required for efficient assembly of Sm-class RNPs.30 Abstract.3
Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity of Vateria indica Linn. Seed Butter in High Fat Diet Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats

Introduction: Use of medicinal herbs in the form of food is a famous Ayurvedic art of life prescribed before traditions. Vateria indica Linn. (Sarja) seed butter (Indian tallow) forms a source of edible oil in the household of Udupi and Dakshina kannada Districts of Karnataka. Research and addition of therapeutically useful species enables to preserve the local wealth of tradition and also enriches the existing pharmacopeia. Hence an experimental study was planned to evaluate anti hyperlipidemic activity of V. indica seed butter in albino rats against high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in Wistar albino rats. Methodology: The 40 animals were divided into five different groups consisting of six rats each. The first normal control group maintained with normal rat diet and water ad libitum. The second positive control group was administered with hyperlipidemic diet (40% cholesterol suspended in hydrogenated vegetable oil, 0.5 ml/100g). The third standard group was administered with Atorvastatin (10mg/kg po). The fourth and fifth trial groups were administered with V. indica seed butter single and double dose (0.43 & 0.86 ml/kg body weight) respectively. Results: The test drug exhibited marginal, moderate increase in HDL cholesterol, moderate decrease in LDL cholesterol, marked reduction in triglycerides with nephroprotective activity. Conclusion: Vateria indica seed butter produced significant antihyperlipidemic activity through normalizing the serum lipid profile. Cytoprotective action has also been revealed by the histopathological examination of liver, heart and kidney tissue.
The Construction of Psychology Lessons Planning Platform Based on the SSH

With the continuous development of education informationization, the network provided teachers with a rich repository of teaching. Determining how to quickly find the required for teaching resources, to achieve efficient and high quality lessons was particularly urgent and important. Taking psychology discipline as application background, this paper put forward the psychology teacher preparation platform based on SSH. According to the requirements of the psychological subject teaching and the integration points between different courses, built management sequence about word, sentence, paragraph, the central idea and the main meaning in teaching material articles, to provide a comprehensive and intuitive for psychology teachers orderly teaching resource database. The platform was mainly composed of six main function modules, such as knowledge structure management module, lesson dictionary management module, system information management module, user information management module, article management module and display management module. It can facilitate the teachers knowledge filtering and sorting of the article, thus generate personalized teaching courseware.
Identificación de IL-8, IL-1Β y TNF-α en lesiones de pacientes con acné inflamatorio

background: Acne is a dermatosis characterized by a chronic folliculitus caused by Propionibacterium acnes associated to keratinization disturbance of corneal layer with comedons formation and fat overproduction named seborrhea. Is a skin illness that affects pilosebaceous follicles. Provokes inflammatory and non inflammatory lesions in skin zones with more sebaceous glands as face, chest ant the upper back. Affects approximately 80% of humans between 11 and 30 years old. Objective: To quantify the production of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α directly to inflammatory acne lesions that showed delayed hypersensitivity response in patients by ELISA technique. Patients and methods: To 40 patients from Centro Dermatologico Ladislao de la Pascua with inflammatory acne was cleaned at the sam ple zone and by punction with a sterile lancet. The sample was recovered in a filter paper directly. Before to develop the ELISA technique the paper filter was impregned with 300 µL of sterile saline solution. The cytokines were quantified by commercial kits Quantikine RD however, the IL-8 was present in high concentration in larger patients (40%), TNF-α in 27% and IL-1β was reduced in patients with treatment (5%) comparatively to patients without treatment (27%). With these results we think that anti-inflammatory drugs used in these treatments inhibit the production of IL-1 β that is an important molecule in inflammatory response. Conclusion: In 65% of the patients with inflammatory acne it was demonstrated that cells present in lesions were activated because the levels of cytokines IL-8, IL-1β y TNF-α are elevated in this order in these samples.
Design and Experimental Evaluation of PSO and PID Controller based Wireless Room Heating System

The paper presents the control of 1kw heaters in 10*10*10 cubic feet room area through ZigBee remote. ZigBee Remote is capable to set the desired temperature command to the heater node by the user. Heater node is having dimmer, processing unit and ZigBee modem . The four temperature node is placed in appropriate location in the room and capable to communicate the temperature information to the heater node. Heater node sends the optimized room temperature data which is collected from the four sensor nodes, to the remote. Remote contains the optimized room temperature data and having the facility to feed the desired temperature data to heater node. This will be an intelligent network in which heater node intelligently maintains the room temperature as set by the remote, using PID and Particle Swarm Optimizing (PSO) algorithm on collected data and adjust the voltage levels of heating elements. Remote, heater node and sensor node having communication ability with baud rate of 9600. sensor nodes are capable to communicate upto 30 meters and remote and heater node is 100 meters. The proposed heater system is an intelligent, low cost and energy efficient. General Terms Embedded system, Control system, Communication, Optimizing algorithm
Methods for Lexicon Maintenance

The aim of the paper is to discuss the four basic methods for maintaining the content of lexicon entries. Thinking of the successful application of feature structure systems in computational linguistics, the paper suggests to introduce an additional operation into these systems to support lexicon maintenance. Our experience in using the lexicon formalism L e X 4 , which provides all the required operations, verifies the approach.
Susceptibility Pattern of Bacille Calmette-Guerin Strains Against Pyrazinamide and Other Major Anti-Mycobacterial Drugs

Background: BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccine is an attenuated live vaccine administered to prevent Tuberculosis. Disseminated infection due to BCG is a rare life threatening complication of this vaccine, especially in immunocompromised patients. Objectives: The current study evaluated the sensitivity pattern of the BCG strain supplied by the Institute de Pasteur, Iran against anti- mycobacterial drugs used to treat disseminated infection caused by the vaccine. Patients and Materials: Bacille Calmette-Guerin strain ATCC 1173 P was purchased from the Pasteur Institute in Tehran and three samples of Mycobacterium bovis isolated from subaxillary adenitis of three patients were tested for susceptibility to major anti-mycobacterial drugs by MODS (microscopic observation drug sensitivity) method. Results: All samples of BCG strain were resistant to most of the anti-mycobacterial drugs used separately except for concentrations of isoniazid 1 µg/mL, ethambutol 3 µg/mL, ciprofloxacin 4 µg/mL and clarithromycin 2 µg/mL. Addition of pyrazinamide (PZA) 25 µg/mL, the susceptibility pattern did not change to any drug , but increasing PZA concentration to 50 µg/ml and combining it with ethionamide 2 µg/mL, isoniazid 0.2 µg/mL, streptomycin 2 µg/mL, rifampin 0.5 µg/mL or ciprofloxacin 0.2 µg/mL, made the Mycobacterium strains susceptible. Conclusions: The current study findings revealed that Mycobacterium bovis resistance to pyrazinamide is resolved by increasing the concentration of the drug and combining PZA with other anti-mycobacterial agents.
Die Kluft zwischen eingeschätzten und tatsächlichen Fähigkeiten bei der Erhebung der spirituellen Anamnese

Zusammenfassung Diese Studie behandelt praktische Probleme der spirituellen Anamnese im klinischen Umfeld. Nach einer 180-minütigen Schulung wurden die Teilnehmer eingeladen, spirituelle Anamnesen zu erheben und mit Hilfe von zwei zu diesem Zweck erstellten Fragebögen aus Sicht des Befragers und des Befragten zu bewerten. 56 spirituelle Anamnesen wurden durchgeführt. Die Einschätzung der beiden Gruppen zeigte eine statistisch hochsignifikante Übereinstimmung. Die Befrager äußerten (M = 3,4) eine größere Belastung als die Befragten (M = 1,9). Als Belastungsfaktoren wurden eigene Unsicherheit, ablehnende Haltung von Patienten und wenig unterstützende äußere Bedingungen identifiziert. Die Studie machte eine Kluft zwischen den eingeschätzten und tatsächlichen Fähigkeiten bei der Erhebung der spirituellen Anamnese deutlich.
Dynamic Modeling for Obstacle Negotiation of Wheel-Legged Robot and Analysis on Its Influential Factors

The dynamic analysis of a wheel-legged robot with multiple drive modes is studied.Firstly,the vertical obstacle negotiation process is described,then the dynamic model for the process is built.The torque distribution between all motors,the influential factors of movement states and gravity allocation are included in the model.By means of the investigation of the whole process,the utmost states of two kinds of motors' torque in the driving system are ascertained.The influences of different factors on the maximal output torques are analyzed and the method to work out the maximal height that the robot can rove through is brought forward finally.The result will provide a theoretical foundation to improve the robot's adaptability in complicated environments.
Robust Hashing Based Video Content Authentication

Nowadays, robust hashing has been widely adopted in video content authentication. The hash is resistant to common video processing operations, but vulnerable to video malicious attacks. Existing hashing methods to authenticate video, however, usually fail to make a good trade-off between robustness and security. In this work, a novel robust video hashing based on three-dimensional gravity centroid (3DGCbased hashing) is proposed for video authentication. Video frames are firstly normalized and partitioned on the basis of Hausdorff distance. Sub video cubes are generated from grouped video frames in both space and time domain. Then centroid of three-dimensional gradient are extracted from these cubs and quantized to form the video hash. During the experiments, parameters settings of the 3DGC-based hashing are discussed and the results show that the proposed method is superior to other methods in terms of security and robustness.
A study of whiteboard to improve teaching: as an example of primary school

In the beginning of the twenty-first century, the rapid development of Information and Communication Technology(ICT), Taiwan starting in 2006, the focus style on a trial basis in 2009 and installed in a large number of whiteboards in primary schools. A result of an Interactive whiteboard (IWB) is applied in the classroom teaching activities in the new technology. Therefore, this study focuses on the interactive whiteboard elementary school in Kaohsiung County.
Different Affinities of α2-Agonists for Imidazoline and α2-Adrenergic Receptors

It has recently been shown that imidazoline alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, such as clonidine and UK 14,304, selectively bind to both alpha 2- and imidazoline receptors in basolateral membranes from rabbit renal proximal tubule. In order to define the relative affinity of three antihypertensive alpha 2-agonists for the two classes of receptors, we performed competition studies of imidazoline alpha 2-antagonist 3H-RX 781094 and nonimidazoline antagonist 3H-rauwolscine binding to basolateral membranes from rabbit proximal tubule. The order of potency for inhibition of radioligand binding to basolateral membranes was rilmenidine greater than clonidine greater than guanfacine and clonidine greater than guanfacine greater than rilmenidine for 3H-RX 781094 and 3H-rauwolscine binding, respectively. These data show that not only clonidine, but also rilmenidine and guanfacine, drugs usually used as specific alpha 2-agonists, bind to both alpha 2- and imidazoline receptors. The higher affinity of these molecules for one or the other class of receptors could explain their different capacity to induce hypotension and side effects.
Novel Speaker Recognition Method Based on Little Speech Data

A new method of speaker recognition with little training data was proposed, which used fuzzy kernel clustering to design vector quantization, and used the fuzzy-kernel vector quantization to train the speakers’ models. By non-linear mapping, the data in original space were mapped to a high-dimensional feature space, which used the fuzzy clustering to the speakers’ training features in the feature space, and formed the speaker’s model with the clustering centers. The recognition was performed in the high-dimensional feature space. Because of the kernel mapping, the features inherent in the speech explored, which improved the discriminations of the different speakers. Experimental results show that this method can obtain better results than the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and Fuzzy vector quantization method in the case of the little training data.
Humoral alloimmunity in cardiac allograft rejection

Although the short-term outcomes of solid allograft survival have improved substantially over the last few decades, there has been no significant improvement in long-term survival of solid allografts. This thesis presents the initial characterisation of alloantibody mediated rejection in a murine heart transplant model, with particular focus on the impact of the different phases of the humoral alloimmune response (follicular or germinal centre) on graft rejection. The key findings of this work are: 1) The precursor frequency of allospecific CD4 T cells determines the magnitude of the alloantibody response, with a relatively high frequency of CD4 T cells eliciting strong extrafollicular responses, while a high frequency of B cells promotes slowly-developing germinal centre responses. 2) Strong extrafollicular antibody response can mediate acute heart allograft rejection in the absence of CD8 T cells alloresponses. 3) Germinal centre humoral immunity mediates chronic antibody-mediated rejection. 4) Recipient memory, but not naïve, CD4 T cells that recognise one graft alloantigen can provide ‘unlinked’ help to allospecific B cells that recognise a different graft alloantigen for generating germinal centre alloantibody responses.
Challenges and Assets for Promoting Early Childhood Development in Indonesia: A Health Statistics Review from a Community Health Perspective

Background: Although early childhood development is important, there are limited health statistics reviews related to the early childhood development in Indonesia. This study organized statistical health information across 33 Indonesian provinces to assess ongoing challenges and existing assets for improving early childhood development. Information about early childhood development in Indonesia between 2007 and 2013 was obtained through data supplied by the Indonesian Ministry of Health and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. Methods: The information collected was organized into five domains of early childhood development: health, nutrition, responsive care giving, early learning, and security and safety. Challenges and assets in Indonesia were assessed in terms of early childhood development. Results: Our results indicated that although the child mortality rate decreased between 2007 and 2013, it remained higher than the global average, with large disparities between provinces. Background factors influencing child mortality rates included the limited availability of health services, large catchment areas for puskesmas (community health centers), parents' limited caregiving responsiveness, and limited opportunities for parents to achieve advanced education. However, our results also revealed several important assets, including the existence of community health posts, alert village programs, community volunteers, and a large number of nurses and midwives; Conclusions: To improve early childhood development in Indonesia, it is important to empower parents to utilize these community health-related assets. Nurses and kaders (community health volunteers) should promote parents' enhanced awareness of child health and development.
Optimization of the propagation model choice by measuring field and artificial intelligence

The propagation model to be chosen in the design of a digital terrestrial broadcast station is a tipping point for predicting the coverage area. There are several models, with specific characteristics that may be better than others in certain situations. This paper presents a study of the choice of propagation model, through the use of artificial intelligence (AI). A brief review of the most widely used propagation models in the literature, field measurements and simulations by the Progira coverage prediction software, which operates on the ArcGIS geoprocessing platform are presented. Using the propagation model criterion that presents the smallest error between the field measurement and the software simulation, an AI method of classification learning was developed. The objective of this method can choose, with the smallest error, the best propagation model in the entire study area, not restricted to the Sites measured in the field.
Muscular exercise, lactic acid, and the supply and utilisation of oxygen

Hartree and A. V. Hill (1) have shown in the isolated frog’s muscle that the maximum rate of the recovery heat-production is proportional to the square of the total initial heat liberated by the stimulus. This relation has been amply confirmed by Hartree, in experiments hitherto unpublished on the isolated muscle of the tortoise. Hartree and Hill concluded that the speed of the recovery oxidation is at any moment proportional to the square of the concentration of the reacting bodies present at that moment, and suggested that a bimolecular reaction of some kind, possibly involving two lactic acid molecules, might be the determining agent in the velocity of the recovery oxidation. Up to the present it has not been shown that any substances other than lactic acid and oxygen are directly concerned in the recovery process in muscle, so the above relationship can be put in terms of these substances. Expressed in a formula, (rate of oxidation) ∝ (rate of lactic acid removal) = k (concentration of lactic acid)2, where k is a velocity constant. In a recent paper Meyerhof, Lohmann and Meier (2) have shown that isolated frog’s muscle perfused by, or suspended in, an oxygenated Ringer’s solution containing sodium lactate will cause a diminution in the amount of lactate in the perfusing fluid, with an uptake of oxygen and a synthesis of glycogen. In these experiments it was obvious that the lactate ion was the determining factor in exciting the oxidation by which the energy was supplied to effect the synthesis of the glycogen. Moreover, as Hartree and Hill have shown (3), a rise of hydrogen ion concentration alone does not increase, but rather decreases, the speed of the recovery process in muscle. It seemed obvious, therefore, that the lactate ion itself was to be regarded as the governing factor in the speed of oxidation.