Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among school going adolescents in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study

Background Common mental disorders in early life represent a major concern as they become more complex and intense with transition into adolescence. Despite global recognition of the significance of adolescent mental health, it remains a neglected area in research and health policy in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 563 students aged 13–18 years at selected schools (secondary and higher secondary) in Dhaka City. After providing written informed consent, participants completed a survey examining socio-demographic variables, along with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between variables under examination. Results The prevalence rates of moderate to severe levels of depression and anxiety were 26.5% and 18.1%, respectively. Based on multivariable analyses, unsatisfactory sleep (AOR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.81–5.53, p < .001), cigarette smoking (AOR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.01–3.97, p = .048), and anxiety (AOR = 10.47; 95% CI = 6.11–17.95, p < .001) were associated with depression. Anxiety was associated with being 15–16 years (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.18–6.00, p = .018), not having good perceived relationships with friends (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.24–3.56, p = .006) and depression (AOR = 10.22; 95% CI = 6.01–17.38, p < .001). Conclusions Depression and anxiety were prevalent among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. The findings suggest epidemiological data can direct policy-level decisions regarding evaluation, prevention, and intervention of mental health conditions among school going adolescents in Bangladesh.
Salvage proton beam therapy for locoregional recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and toxicities of salvage proton beam therapy (PBT) in patients with locoregional recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 53 patients who received salvage PBT for locoregionally recurrent NSCLC between January 2016 and December 2019. The median clinical target volume (CTV) was 71.2 cm3 (range, 13.3 to 1,200.7 cm3). The median prescribed dose was 64.0 cobalt gray equivalent (CGE) (range, 45.0 to 70.0 CGE). One-third of the patients (32.1%) received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Results The patients’ median age was 67 years (range, 44 to 86 years). The initial treatments were surgery in 31 (58.5%), definitive CCRT in 12 (22.6%), and definitive radiotherapy in 10 (18.9%) patients. The median disease-free interval (DFI) was 14 months (range, 3 to 112 months). Thirty-seven patients (69.8%) had a previous radiotherapy history. Among them, 18 patients (48.7%) had in-field recurrence. The median follow-up time after salvage PBT was 15.0 months (range, 3.5 to 49.3 months). During the follow-up period, 26 patients (49.1%) experienced disease progression: local in 13 (24.5%), regional in 14 (26.5%), and distant metastases in 15 (26.5%). The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate, local control rate, and progression-free survival rate were 79.2%, 68.2%, and 37.1%, respectively. Shorter DFI (≤12 months; p = 0.015) and larger CTV (>80 mL; p = 0.014) were associated with poor OS. Grade 3 toxicities occurred in 8 patients (15.1%): esophagitis in 2, dermatitis in 3, and pulmonary toxicities in 4. Conclusion Salvage PBT for locoregionally recurrent NSCLC was effective, and treatment-related toxicities were tolerable.
Standardized procedure to measure the size distribution of extracellular vesicles together with other particles in biofluids with microfluidic resistive pulse sensing

The particle size distribution (PSD) of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and other submicron particles in biofluids is commonly measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS). A new technique for measuring the PSD is microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS). Because specific guidelines for measuring EVs together with other particles in biofluids with MRPS are lacking, we developed an operating procedure to reproducibly measure the PSD. The PSDs of particles in human plasma, conditioned medium of PC3 prostate cancer cell line (PC3 CM), and human urine were measured with MRPS (nCS1, Spectradyne LLC) to investigate: (i) the optimal diluent that reduces the interfacial tension of the sample while keeping EVs intact, (ii) the lower limit of detection (LoD) of particle size, (iii) the reproducibility of the PSD, (iv) the optimal dilution for measuring the PSD, and (v) the agreement in measured concentration between microfluidic cartridges with overlapping detection ranges. We found that the optimal diluent is 0.1% bovine serum albumin (w/v) in Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline. Based on the shape of the PSD, which is expected to follow a power-law function within the full detection range, we obtained a lower LoD of 75 nm for plasma and PC3 CM and 65 nm for urine. Normalized PSDs are reproducible (R2 > 0.950) at dilutions between 10–100x for plasma, 5–20x for PC3 CM, and 2–4x for urine. Furthermore, sample dilution does not impact the dilution-corrected concentration when the microfluidic cartridges are operated within their specified concentration ranges. PSDs from microfluidic cartridges with overlapping detection ranges agreed well (R2 > 0.936) and when combined the overall PSD spanned 5 orders of magnitude of measured concentration. Based on these findings, we have developed operating guidelines to reproducibly measure the PSD of EVs together with other particles in biofluids with MRPS.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Aflatoxin B1 Estimation in Groundnuts

The commercially available hapten, afla B, -oxime-bob-ine serum albumin, was used to produce an antiserum in rabbits. The same hapten was coupled with alkaline phosphatase (hapten-BSAALP) and used in the competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of datoxin B,. Aflatoxin B, was extracted in methanolfrom naturally contaminated or 'spiked'groundnut seed samples. Wells of a polystyrene microtitreplate were coated with the antiserum, the plates were washed in PBS-Tween, aflatoxin B, standards or groundnut sample extracts, and hapten-BSA-ALP conjugate were added and the plates incubated. Theplates were again washed, and the amount of conjugate bound to the antibody was determined after addition of the substrate, p-nitrophenylphosphate. The hapten-BSA-A LP conjugate has advantages in stability, simplicity of preparation, and high specificity, over the convenfidnal toxin-enzyme conjugate in direct competitive ELISA. The assay method is more rapid and less expensive than the physico-chemical methods of enatoxin analysis and it can detect levels of aflatoxin B, as low as 50 picograms.
Childhood Maltreatment and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Findings From the General Population

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. ABSTRACT Objective Evidence suggests that childhood maltreatment (CM) is cross-sectionally and prospectively associated with cardiovascular disease. However, its association with proxy markers of atherosclerosis has hardly been investigated. Thus, in this general population study, we examined the association of CM with carotid plaque and intima-media thickness. Methods Adults from the general population free of any cardiovascular disease (n = 1909; mean [SD] age = 50.4 (13.6) years, 53.9% women) completed the self-report Childhood Trauma Questionnaire for the assessment of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse as well as emotional and physical neglect; in addition, an ultrasound of the carotid arteries was performed in each participant. Results At least one type of CM was reported by 25% of the participants. Carotid plaque was significantly more frequent in those with CM compared with those without (odds ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.19–1.81). Accounting for age and sex rendered it nonsignificant (odds ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval = 0.81–1.42). Emotional abuse and physical neglect were significantly associated with both carotid intima-media thickness and plaque occurrence, but these associations were fully explained by risk factors. Neither sexual nor physical abuse was related to proxy markers of atherosclerosis. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the relationship between CM types and subclinical atherosclerosis as well as its clinical end points is complex and remains inconclusive, suggesting the need for further research.
Real-World Therapeutic Outcomes of S-1 Adjuvant Chemotherapy for pStage II/III Gastric Cancer in the Elderly

Background: The predictive factors for discontinuation of S-1 administration and prognostic factors in elderly patients with pStage II/III gastric cancer receiving S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy remain unclear. Methods: Between January 2004 and December 2016, 80 elderly gastric cancer patients (≥70 years) undergoing curative D2 gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. Predictive factors for completion of S-1 administration over 1 year, adverse events due to S-1 administration, and prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were evaluated. Results: Twenty-eight patients (35%) completed 8 courses of S-1. The median relative dose intensity was 82.1% (IQR 31.1–100%). The incidence rates of hematological and nonhematological adverse events were acceptable. Distal gastrectomy was an independent predictive factor for completion of S-1 administration (odds ratio [OR] 0.364; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.141–0.939; p = 0.037). Higher postoperative neutrophil count/lymphocyte count (N/L) ratio and more advanced stage adversely influenced OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that a higher postoperative N/L ratio and more advanced stage adversely affected RFS. Conclusion: To complete adjuvant S-1 administration to elderly patients with pStage II/III gastric cancer, total gastrectomy should be avoided if possible. A new regimen for elderly gastric cancer patients with higher postoperative N/L ratios and more advanced stage should be established.
‘Love comes first, and it is ahead of any different political partisanism’: How political polarizations compare to other forms of discrimination in Buenos Aires (Argentina)

Background: Affective polarization and stigma toward individuals with schizophrenia and toward immigrants in Argentina are not new despite its importance and dissemination. However, no research has been conducted taking into consideration political partisanship and attitudes toward these groups. Aims: Political polarization and attitudes toward socialization across party lines are studied in conjunction with attitudes toward immigrants and toward individuals with schizophrenia. Method: Individuals from Buenos Aires (n = 712) were surveyed for their political partisanship and their attitudes toward Peruvian and Bolivian immigrants, people with schizophrenia and partisans from the opposing political party. A modified version of the Bogardus scale was used. Results: Social distance was from highest to lowest toward people with schizophrenia, political opponents, and immigrants. Individuals with schizophrenia were strongly discriminated against by most participants: 86% would definitely or probably not want them to take care of their children, 83% would not want them to be their healthcare provider, and 81% would not want to marry them. Immigrants were comparatively not discriminated against: 10% would not want them to take care of their children, 8% would not want to receive health care from them, and 28% would not want to marry them. Cristina Fernández de Kirchner partisans showed the lowest level of discrimination toward these two groups, compared to Mauricio Macri partisans and to independent voters. However, the former group had greater discriminatory attitudes toward Mauricio Macri partisans than the latter. Conclusions: As compared to other discriminatory attitudes, discrimination toward persons with schizophrenia is widespread and pervasive. Lower levels of discrimination toward people with schizophrenia and toward immigrants would not predict attitudes toward the opposing political partisans.
HIV epidemic in fishing communities in Uganda: A scoping review

Background Fishing communities in many Sub-Saharan African countries are a high-risk population group disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. In Uganda, literature on HIV in fishing communities has grown extensively since the first country’s documented case of HIV in a fishing community in 1985. The current study describes the status of the HIV burden, prevention, and treatment in Ugandan fishing communities. Method This scoping review was conducted based on the York Framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant quantitative and qualitative studies on HIV incidence, HIV prevalence, HIV-related risk factors, HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy coverage and adherence, and interventions to improve treatment outcomes and reduce HIV risk factors. Results & conclusion We identified 52 papers and 2 reports. Thirty-four were quantitative, 17 qualitative, and 3 had a mixed-methods design. Eleven studies reported on the prevalence of HIV and 8 on HIV incidence; 9 studies documented factors associated with HIV incidence or HIV positive status; 10 studies reported on HIV testing coverage and/or associated factors; 7 reported on antiretroviral therapy coverage/adherence/outcomes; and 1 study reported on the impact of combination HIV interventions in fishing communities. This scoping review revealed a significant lack of evidence in terms of what works in HIV prevention and for improving adherence to ART, in contrast to the relatively large amount of evidence from observational quantitative and qualitative studies on HIV prevalence, incidence and related risk factors in Ugandan fishing communities. Intervention studies are urgently needed to fill the current evidence gaps in HIV prevention and ART adherence.
The simulation of imidazolium-based ionic liquids

In the absence of reliable experimental data, significant difficulties have been encountered in the design of force fields for the simulation of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. This review examines the problems encountered and improvements made in developing force fields for the study of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. The performance of these models is assessed with respect to the prediction of structural and dynamical properties and compared with results from recently published ab initio molecular dynamics studies. Many of the original force fields have now been employed to study interfacial, mixing and solvation phenomena and in association with the ab initio molecular dynamics results, these studies have highlighted a number of potential areas for improvement, particularly with respect to the accurate modelling of charge transfer effects and hydrogen bond formation.
APPLICATION OF ELECTRO-DIALYSIS (ED) TO REMOVE DIVALENT METALS IONS FROM WASTEWATER

The effect of influential factors on separation of divalent Metal ions (Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ ) from wastewater using AMV and CMV ion-exchange membranes were investigated. The effect of concentration (300, 600, 900 ppm), temperature (20, 40, 60°C), flow rate (0.2, 0.6, 1. 2 ml/s) and voltage (15, 20, 35 V) on separation pe rcent of the individual ions in the solution were studied. The r esults show that increasing concentration, voltage and temperature improves cell performance; however, the separation percent decreases with increasing flow rate. At con centrations of more than 600 ppm, dependence of separation percent on concentration diminishes. The optimum levels of influential factors, determined for all ions are: c oncentration 900 ppm, temperature 60°C, flow rate 0 . 2 ml/s and voltage 35 V. It was found that performance of an e lectrodialysis cell is depends on the operating con ditions and cell structure. For ions of similar valence, separation percent was indicated to be restricted by molecular weight and electrochemical activation energy of the ions (S Pb
The intercalation and exfoliation of tungsten disulfide

The exfoliation of WS2, the separation of this layer compound into single molecular layers suspended in solution, was found more difficult than the exfoliation of MoS2 reported earlier. The difficulty was found to be the resistance of the WS2 to intercalation. By ultrasonic treatments while exposed to hexane plus n‐butylithium, the lithium was found to intercalate, and exfoliation by immersion in water became possible. Restacking the WS2 by drying in a basic solution led to much larger crystallites than the as‐received material, while flocculating by decreasing the pH led to small crystallites with a high density of edge planes. Nickel and aluminum inclusions lead to poor restacking, with no regular c spacing between WS2 basal planes. The more vigorous exfoliation procedure applied to MoS2 also leads to loss of regular c spacing (the x‐ray diffraction pattern is essentially that of single molecular layers).
The potentiometric measurement of stability constants of soil polycar boxy late‐Cu2+ chelates

Summary Stability constants describing Cu2+ combination with three natural and one synthetic polycarboxylates were calculated from pH measurements alone, and using a Cu2+ ion selective electrode. Good agreement between the two methods justified the theory for polymer-cation association. The results were consistent with the formation of a single complex CuL2 over a fairly wide range of metal-ligand (L) ratios. The stability constant (βHCu) that was independent of polymer charge allowed the prediction of copper speciation in soil solution as a function of pH and soluble organic matter.
Applying Graph Neural Networks for Vietnamese Dependency Parsing

This paper presents a state-of-the-art model to solve the Vietnamese dependency parsing task (HA My Linh, 2020) in VLSP 2020 1 Evaluation Campaign. In this model, the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) network is used to extract the contextual information, while the graph neural network captures high-order information. Some pre-processing for Vietnamese raw texts are included for the training, such as word segmentation, part-of-speech (POS) tagging for the model. We modiﬁed the network with suitable word embedding mechanisms, i.e., fastText, to represent the semantic information of words more accurately. Therefore, Vietnamese words that are marked as unknown tokens now can have the right embedding; thus, they will be well modeled in dependency parsing. Experiments on the raw text dataset show that the model achieved an average of 72.85% of unlabeled attachment score (UAS) and 64.35% of labeled attachment score (LAS). With the Segmentation and POS tagging dataset, we achieved a higher average of 81.71% (UAS) and 73.19% (LAS).
Goals, Challenges and Findings of the VLSP 2020 English-Vietnamese News Translation Shared Task

This paper reports the VLSP 2020 English-Vietnamese News Translation shared task, which is one of the six shared tasks organized at the seventh annual workshop on Vietnamese Language and Speech Processing (VLSP 2020). In this task, we provided parallel and monolingual data for training machine translation systems translating English texts into Vietnamese, with the focus of news domain. There were 6 teams participating into the tasks, with 13 submissions in total. We performed both automatic and human evaluations on the submissions and presented the re-sults and our ﬁndings at the conference. We hope this would boost the research of Viet-namese machine translation community and start maintaining annual machine translation tasks at VLSP conferences.
The Annual Bacterial Particle Concentration and Size Distribution in the Ambient Atmosphere in a Rural Area of the Willamette Valley, Oregon

Airborne bacterial samples were collected using wet cyclone and cascade impact samplers 2 to 3 times a week at 2 agricultural sites in the mid-Willamette River valley, near Corvallis, OR during 1997. The concentrations of total (TB), culturable (CB), and particulate-associated culturable (PACB) bacteria in the ambient atmosphere were measured using epifluorescence microscopic and culture methods. All three categories of airborne bacteria were found to have major concentration peaks in the summer (e.g., from June to September), especially in July and August. This may reflect the greater summer flux of bacteria from agricultural sources and activities and dry/dusty soil conditions. The PACB had several smaller peaks scattered in the winter and autumn. Size analysis of the PACB showed that the summer PACB peak was composed primarily of larger bacterial particles, whereas the smaller peaks in other seasons were composed primarily of smaller bacterial particles that occur during rainfall or storms events. The concentrations of TB and CB were positively correlated with temperature and solar radiation, but negatively with relative humidity. This is thought to reflect the contributions of agricultural activities and solar ground-heating effects outweighing the biologically damaging/lethal effects of solar radiation, high temperature, and dry conditions. It was shown that the count median diameter (CMD) of the PACB varied during the year with no obvious seasonal pattern. The ratios of CB to PACB and CB to TB concentrations in the atmosphere were greater in the summer than in the other seasons, while the TB to PACB ratio was the greatest in the spring. These observations could be interpreted as follows: more culturable bacteria, compared with the total, were aggregated in clumps or rafted on plant/soil debris in the summer, while single or relatively fewer culturable bacteria were associated with the particles in other seasons. This may be caused by the newly exposed bacterial particles with a high proportion of culturable bacteria, short transport time interval from aerosolization to deposition in the sampler, and/or more resistant bacterial populations in/on the summer-time sources. Spring airborne bacterial populations may be more sensitive to, and/or extensively exposed to, environmental stresses (starvation, sunlight, etc.) and aerosolization, thus fewer culturable bacteria per particle might be expected. A seasonal microstructure illustration of airborne bacteria particles is proposed that may be useful for the interpretation of aerobiological data, the investigation of health or ecological effect, and the detection of the 3 categories of airborne bacteria defined herein.
A Low-Frequency Dielectric Barrier Discharge System Design for Textile Treatment

The ultimate goal of the conducted research was to design and test a simplified and energy efficient low-frequency dielectric barrier discharge reactor for the textile processing industry. For this purpose, a 50 Hz AC source and a variac were used to ionize the ambient air column between two asymmetric conductive electrodes separated by a dielectric layer between them. It was observed that the discharge system with such electrode configuration undergoes an electrical breakdown with large number of shortly lived microdischarges indicating the effectiveness of the model. The variational trend in discharge power and transported charge as a function of AC input voltage and dielectric barrier thickness were also studied in this work. In addition, the spectroscopic investigations were carried out on electron number density and electron temperature as a function of barrier thickness, AC input voltage, and interelectrode air gap. A significant influence of the system input parameters on discharge properties was noticed in these investigations.