Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Universities and the Region : a Longitudinal Study of the UK Higher Education Sector

Objectives. Whilst the roles of institutional and locational characteristics of a university in determining its entrepreneurial performance level has been examined in prior research studies, they are not fully acknowledged in current UK policies facilitating linkages between academics and businesses. This paper investigates the extent to which universities of different types and across different regions compare with each other with regard to their performance in entrepreneurial activities. Prior Work. The entrepreneurial performance of universities may be affected by the competitiveness of their location. Less competitive regions tend to lack research infrastructures, leaving universities as the singular source of advanced knowledge. Governments have recently heightened expectations on universities by giving them new functions, including tasking them with becoming more entrepreneurial. Approach. The paper draws on the Higher Education-Business and Community Interaction Surveys (HE-BCIs) from 2003-2012 that examines the entrepreneurial activities of universities. It also uses the classification of UK HEIs and the UK Competitiveness Index (UKCI) to compare the performance of established (pre-1992) and new (post-1992) universities and to assess the relationship between entrepreneurial activities of universities, their age and geographical location. Results. More established universities performed best in generating income from entrepreneurial activities. Performance was affected more by institutional than locational characteristics. No significant difference was found between established universities in competitive and uncompetitive regions in their entrepreneurial activity income, but new universities were negatively impacted when located within weaker regions. Implications. Both established and newer universities are of importance to regional economic development, albeit in different ways. Specially tailored policies are therefore required to maximise universities’ potential to contribute to economic development in various locations. These must recognise the differences within the range of institutions that comprise the sector that enables them to contribute more effectively in entrepreneurial activities. Value. Until recently, the complexity of the UK higher education sector has been largely absent in innovation policy agenda. This study offers both practical insights as well as a more nuanced understanding of the ability of universities to act more entrepreneurially. It tests the notion of the entrepreneurial university and sets it within the UK context.
Habitat requrement of Rhododendron reticulatum and R. macrosepalum in germination and seedling stages-Field experiment for restoration of native Rhododendrons by seeding-

里山二次林における野生ツツジ群落復元手法の確立を目的として, 野生ツツジ2種の直播き実験を行い5年間モニタリングを行った結果, 1)種子の着床面が浸食されにくく水分保持能力の高い播種床を用いると, 高い種子発芽率が得られる, 2)実生の定着には1)の条件に加え, 一定の光環境が必要である, 3)明るい光環境下で施肥効果のある播種床を使うと, 耐性のある幼木サイズまでの初期成長が早いため成立本数が多くなる, ことなどが明らかになった。 遷移が進み林冠が閉鎖した二次林内に野生ツツジ群落を復元するには, 林冠を疎開した上で, 緩行性の肥料を含むやや荒い粒径組成の土壌を播種床とし, 平滑かつ水平に整備した表面に, 冷蔵乾燥貯蔵種子を, 春の早い段階で播くと効果的であると考えられる。
Developing Digital Audio Effects in Real Time for Acoustic Guitar using Simulink Model

- The processing of digital audio effects have many applications in different fields. This paper mainly focuses on developing and designing of the guitar multi-effects using a Simulink model. Music industries commonly uses the Audio effects for enhancing the music quality. Earlier the music industry was used to record the music to improve the quality of the music by adding the different effects that he or she wants. But this paper includes designing of real time audio effects in digital domain using Simulink Model for high speed and low cost. Simulink Tool consists of Aerospace Blockset, Audio System Toolbox, Communication System Toolbox, DSP System Toolbox, Embedded Coder, LTE HDL Toolbox, Powertrain Blockset, SimEvents, Simscape, Stateflow,Vision HDL Toolbox which is used in many applications.
A New Economics for Modern

This chapter focuses on some crucial variables that express (and determine) the content and the functioning of modern dynamic economies. These variables, the most important of which are innovation, radical uncertainty and entrepreneurship, are usually ignored and even treated as annoyances by traditional economists. Yet the interactions between them, and the corresponding notion of dynamic competition, provide the core of our theoretical construction. In consequence, our construction provides the substance for, and indeed points to, some potentially stimulating criticisms of the main orthodox and heterodox economic theories as well as a new design for political economy. This opening discussion is thus intended to prepare the road for the whole theoretical and empirical construction that follows.
Digital Transformation of the Italian and US Automotive Supply Chains: Evidence from Survey Data

We provide results from a detailed survey of automation and digitization in firms in the automotive sectors in the United States and Italy. In both countries, we find evidence of heterogeneity of organizational architectures—some firms organize around a “Taylorist” approach and others around a pragmatic approach. We find some notable differences in the adoption and use of new technologies, particularly robots. In the US, robots are considered an effective tool to address skill shortage, but not as much in Italy. This is partly explained by the fact that in the US finding workers who possess the desired skills is seen as a major challenge. Italian firms attribute to robots a higher impact on improving safety conditions in the shop floor. This might explain why Italian firms have adopted more technologies for parts tracking, given they are frequently used to trace all the production processes to guarantee product safety. Overall, firms in both countries appear more likely to adopt robots to increase quality rather than to reduce unit and labor costs. Despite technology adoption is underway (though more in the US), we found that companies in both countries (especially in US) are not automating data collection suggesting that firms are not utilizing the new automation and digitization technologies to their fullest extent but in the “old” way.
Turtles and tourists: a hands-on experience of conservation for sixth formers from King's College, Taunton, on the Ionian Island of Zakynthos

This article describes how sixth-form biology students from King's College, Taunton, made a practical contribution to the conservation of the Mediterranean Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) on the Greek Ionian Island of Zakynthos. The purpose of the work was to provide information needed by the local conservation bodies on tourists' awareness of the turtle and its problems, and their willingness to modify their holiday activities to increase its chances of survival. The survey used an oral, interactive style of questionnaire and the results were analysed using an Acorn A4 portable computer and the Logotron Questionnaire program, Pinpoint. A low level knowledge of the turtle was found amongst tourists, but concern for its future was apparent; concern was also expressed for the lack of enforcement of the Greek government's current protective legislation.
Metabolism of protein and amino acids during chronic renal failure

Abnormal metabolism of protein and amino acids is frequently observed in patients withchronic renal failure.Anorexia,low protein intake,impaired adaptation to low nutrient intake,acidosis,hormonal abnormalities,abnormal metabolism of energy and branched chain amino acids,abnormalities of the cytokine system and other unidentified factors are the possible contributing mechanisms;Nutritional and drug treatment includes low protein diet plus amino acids/keto acids formulation and administration of growth hormone,recombinant human erythropoietin and phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline and amrinone.
Modelling microbial water quality across multiple temporal scales

Microbial water quality can have profound effects on human health. Microbial water quality modelling can be a useful tool for water quality management in catchments. Since flow drives water quality, water quality models rely on estimates of flow from hydrological and systems models. However, these different hydrological and systems models operate over different time steps, which may be mismatched to those of flow processes affecting microbial water quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of microbial water quality modelling across different time steps, thereby assessing which flow time steps are suitable for driving microbial water quality modelling. Escherichia coli was modelled as an indicator of microbial water quality. For monthly modelling, the Water Evaluation and Planning Model (WEAP) was applied to the upper catchment of the Crocodile River in Mpumalanga, South Africa. For the above application, E. coli was modelled in WEAP using first-order degradation. For daily modelling, monthly flows from the upper Crocodile River were disaggregated to daily and modelled using the Water Quality Systems Assessment Model (WQSAM). Model simulations were assessed against available observed data. WQSAM managed to represent the full variability of the observed data at a daily time step. This was not the case for WEAP at a monthly time step. The results indicate that for integration of water management and water quality models for microbial water quality modelling, integration will have to take place at a daily or sub-daily time step.
Source attribution of Arctic black carbon and sulfate aerosols and associated Arctic surface warming during 1980–2018

Abstract. Observations show that the concentrations of Arctic sulfate and black carbon (BC) aerosols have declined since the early 1980s. Previous studies have reported that reducing sulfate aerosols potentially contributed to the recent rapid Arctic warming. In this study, a global aerosol–climate model (Community Atmosphere Model, version 5) equipped with Explicit Aerosol Source Tagging (CAM5-EAST) is applied to quantify the source apportionment of aerosols in the Arctic from 16 source regions and the role of aerosol variations in affecting changes in the Arctic surface temperature from 1980 to 2018. The CAM5-EAST simulated surface concentrations of sulfate and BC in the Arctic had a decrease of 43 % and 23 %, respectively, in 2014–2018 relative to 1980–1984 mainly due to the reduction of emissions from Europe, Russia and local Arctic sources. Increases in emissions from South and East Asia led to positive trends in Arctic sulfate and BC in the upper troposphere. All aerosol radiative impacts are considered including aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions, as well as black carbon deposition on snow- and ice-covered surfaces. Within the Arctic, sulfate reductions caused a top-of-atmosphere (TOA) warming of 0.11 and 0.25 W m −2 through aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions, respectively. While the changes in Arctic atmospheric BC has little impact on local radiative forcing, the decrease in BC in snow and ice led to a net cooling of 0.05 W m −2 . By applying climate sensitivity factors for different latitudinal bands, global changes in sulfate and BC during 2014–2018 (with respect to 1980–1984) exerted a +0.088 and 0.057 K Arctic surface warming, respectively, through aerosol–radiation interactions. Through aerosol–cloud interactions, the sulfate reduction caused an Arctic warming of +0.193 K between the two time periods. The weakened BC effect on snow–ice albedo led to an Arctic surface cooling of −0.041 K. The changes in atmospheric sulfate and BC outside the Arctic produced a total Arctic warming of + 0.25 K, the majority of which is due to the midlatitude changes in radiative forcing. Our results suggest that changes in aerosols over the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere have a larger impact on Arctic temperature than other regions through enhanced poleward heat transport. The combined total effects of sulfate and BC produced an Arctic surface warming of + 0.297 K, explaining approximately 20 % of the observed Arctic warming since the early 1980s.
Salt Stress and Comparative Physiology in the Gramineae. III. Effect of Salinity Upon Ion Relations and Glycinebetaine and Proline Levels in Spartina × townsendii

S. × townsendii was grown at a number of salinity levels ranging from 0 to 800 mol m-3. Growth was suppressed by all salt treatments, but in particular, above 300-400 mol m-3. The osmotic pressure of the extracted shoot sap paralleled the rise in the osmotic pressure of the medium. Osmotic compensation was attributed to Na+ and Cl- accumulation at low salinities and to a lowered fresh weight : dry weight ratio at the higher salinities. In the shoots sf plants grown in 50-100 mol m-3 NaCl, Na+ accumulation exceeded the K+ decline. Root K+ was unaffected by all salt treatments. The shoot glycinebetaine content rose in response to external salinity and the accumulation of glycinebetaine was highly correlated (r = 0.99; P < 0.01) with the increase in sap osmotic pressure. Proline also accumulated in response to salt stress and was correlated with sap osmotic pressure (r = 0.98; P < 0.01). However, proline levels were much lower than those of glycinebetaine and became quantitatively significant only in shoots exposed to high inhibitory salinities.
X-RAY THIRD-ORDER NONLINEAR RENNINGER EFFECT AND ROCKING CURVES

In the work third-order nonlinear Takagi’s equations for X-ray monochromatic waves are investigated for the forbidden reflection case. The forbidden dynamical diffraction in the nonlinear case is related to the presence in the nonlinear equations of the terms proportional to the zero order and the second order nonzero Fourier coefficients of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility. As a consequence, in the third-order nonlinear Bragg diffraction case, a nonlinear analogue of the well known Renninger effect takes place, which is considered theoretically and numerically. The numerical calculations show that in the Bragg geometry the nonlinear reflection curve’s behavior is the same as for not forbidden reflection, but for forbidden reflection the rocking curves are by several orders more sensitive to the input intensity value.
Interactive process of separation bubble and large- scale vortical structure: FPGA-DMD approach for Phase-locking PIV measurement

Unsteady behaviors of the separated and reattaching flows are spatio-temporally interacted in the limited spatial extent, while their different temporal/spatial scales and different dynamic statuses would introduce considerable complexity into the interactive process. An improved phase determination rule, which follows the phase-match relationship of individual events and their temporal relation faithfully, was adapted to elucidate the complex interactive process of the flapping separation bubble and the shedding large-scale vortical structures. It takes full advantage of the DMD analysis, which performing on the wall-pressure fluctuations measured by the arrayed microphone to determine the phase match relationship between a period of the flapping separation bubble and three consecutive periods of the shedding vortical structures. Using the FPGA configuration to generate the conditional signal firing the low-sampling-rate high-spatio-resolution PIV setup, a close-up view of the strong interaction processes between the separation bubble and the large-scale vortical structures was distinctly revealed. Sixteen successive phase-averaged flow fields around a finite blunt plate with a length-to-height-ratio L D ⁄ = 6 were accurately determined with a mainstream Reynolds number of Rein = 1.58 × 10 . Then, leveraging the velocity fields, the global pressure fields have been reconstructed to demonstrate the motivation behind the unsteady separated and reattaching flow phenomenon. Finally, the three interactive events were divided into two distinct modes named as explosion mode and developing mode, which were compared with the quantitative analysis. In continuation of the previous study by Deng et al. (2019), this study, using the improved phase determination rule based on the proposed FPGA-DMD approach, demonstrated the interactive process of the flapping separation bubble and the shedding large-scale vortical structures clearly.
Morphology and sexual dimorphism of Acanthochelys spixii (Testudines, Chelidae) in Brazil

Body size is an important parameter for ecology, reproduction, evolution, and development of animal species, besides understanding their taxonomic relationships and to establishing the relationships between individual size and shape. We evaluated the variation in body size traits, sexual dimorphism in populations of a turtle species Acanthochelys spixii across its distribution in Brazil and we described sex ratio in those populations. Description of the size-classes on these populations was also provided. We sampled 86 adults (16 in Minas Gerais (MG) and 70 in Rio Grande do Sul (RS)). The sex ratio was 1:1 in both sampling areas. Females were larger than males, and specimens from RS were larger than those from MG. The posterior-lobe width (PLW) was deemed the most significant sexing variable in a linear discriminant analysis of specimens within each state. Two variables, PLW and maximum carapace width, together distinguished the four groups (males and females in MG and RS) with 77% accuracy. Overall, most body measures were larger for both males and females in the southernmost population, inhabiting higher latitudes and lower temperatures. Regarding sexual size dimorphism, females had larger PLW than males in MG, and all variables were dimorphic in RS, in general females being larger than males.
INTERMEZZO I Biogeochemical mechanisms in wet ecosystems

Wet and humid nature sites are located at the boundary of land and water. Consequently the vegetation and fauna in these areas is determined to a large extent by the flow of groundwater and surface water (at the landscape scale) and by the fluctuation of groundwater levels, the chemical composition of the groundwater and the biogeochemical transformations that take place in the vegetation area and during transport processes in the landscape. Because these processes are much more complex than in dry environments, we here expand further on them.
Galaxy Clustering in Redshift Space

Shun Saito1, ∗ Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (Dated: June 8, 2016) This short note is based on my day-long lecture for ‘Lecture Series on Cosmology’ at MPA on 9th June in 2016. The aim of this note is to review the galaxy clustering in redshift space, focusing mainly on the Redshift-Space Distortion (RSD) on cosmological scales from both model and measurement points of view in a self-consistent manner. The basic goal is to provide a brief overview of recent developments on RSD and to present the most updated BOSS DR12 result. It is true that there exist too many equations, but don’t worry! I will try to keep my explanations as simple as possible.
ModelPredictiveControl forRegular Linear Systems

The present work extends known finite-dimensional constrained optimal control realizations to the realm of well-posed regular linear infinite-dimensional systems modelled by partial differential equations. The structure-preserving Cayley-Tustin transformation is utilized to approximate the continuous-time system by a discrete-time model representation without using any spatial discretization or model reduction. The discrete-time model is utilized in the design of model predictive controller accounting for optimality, stabilization, and input and output/state constraints in an explicit way. The proposed model predictive controller is dual-mode in the sense that predictive controller steers the state to a set where exponentially stabilizing unconstrained feedback can be utilized without violating the constraints. The construction of the model predictive controller leads to a finite-dimensional constrained quadratic optimization problem easily solvable by standard numerical methods. Two representative examples of partial differential equations are considered.
Enhanced Anisotropy in Nanowires for Energy Applications

TMR is a macroscopic quantum phenomenon that allows electrical current to flow across an insulator with the application of an external magnetic field. It has attracted enormous attention because of important applications in non-volatile magnetoresistive random access memories (MRAM) and next generation field sensors [1]. Fe/MgO/Fe TMR based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are of great interest as witnessed by several current reports on structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of the multilayer interfaces [2-7]. First principle modeling of TMR Fe/MgO/Fe tri-layers predicted zero bias magnetoresistance (MR) ratio several thousand percent on the basis of model structures involving abrupt Fe-MgO interfaces [3]. MR ratio reduced to 1000% when the Fe/ MgO interface oxidation is considered [2]. Theoretical calculation of TMR with a disordered Fe/MgO/Fe junction showed the intermixing of Fe and Mg atoms at the interface decreases the MR ratio rapidly and when about 16% of interfacial Fe atoms are substituted by Mg the calculated MR saturates with increasing MgO thickness in good agreement with experiment [4]. The atomic moments at the interface are non-collinear with the bulk magnetization which may affect the net anisotropy or serve as spin scattering sites [5]. An MR ratio of 220 % was achieved in MTJs with a crystalline MgO(001) barrier [7]. An MR ratio of 180% at room temperature and 247% at 20K were also observed in single-crystal Fe/MgO/Fe MTJs [6]. The origin of this enormous TMR effect is coherent spin-polarized tunneling, where the symmetry of electron wave function plays an important role. Coherent TMR effect is key to making spintronic devices. Changing the geometry from planar thin film to nanowire cylindrical geometry with nanometric diameter introduces shape anisotropy which can play an important role in coherence [8-10]. This report examinens the similarities and differences in the magnetic properties of the two geometries.
Application of Molecular Biology to Microalgae Classification Research

In contrast to the traditional classification of microalgae,the progress in molecular classification of microalgae is reviewed from three aspects: mitochondrial DNA,chloroplast DNA and nuclear DNA.Their applications,especially the applications of nuclear DNA to microalgae species identification,physiology and ecology study are illustrated.Finally,the problems and development of molecular classification for microalgae are presented.