Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La experimentación en la docencia de Ingeniería del Software

Los estudios empiricos en Ingenieria del Software son fundamentales para la validacion de diversos metodos, tecnicas, herramientas, etc., y los alumnos juegan un papel fundamental a la hora de llevarlos a cabo. Estos estudios no permiten obtener beneficios centrados exclusivamente en los aspectos de investigacion, sino que es muy importante considerar tambien sus beneficios en la docencia. En este articulo se estudia la aplicacion Ingenieria de Software, destacando los beneficios que estos estudios aportan a los alumnos y a los docentes e investigadores que los llevan a cabo. Ademas, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la realizacion de tres experimentos en cursos de ingenieria del software. Como consecuencia de llevar a cabo estos experimentos se han obtenido importantes beneficios pedagogicos.
Clinical features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with reference to serum alpha‐fetoprotein levels. Analysis of 606 patients

Clinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with normal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels were compared with those of AFP‐positive cases. A total of 606 patients were divided into four groups based on their serum AFP levels at the time of diagnosis: group 1 (≤20 ng/ml, N = 125), group 2 (20–1000 ng/ml, N = 256), group 3 (1000–10000 ng/ml, N = 149), and group 4 (>10000 ng/ml, N = 76). Increasing prevalence of group 1 patients and decreasing prevalence of group 4 were noted during the last 9 years. The proportion of hepatitis B virus‐positive cases was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 4. The serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase ratio was found to be significantly higher in group 4 than in group 1 regardless of the size of the tumors. The survival rates were compared among the four groups in size matched cases since the size of the tumor significantly influenced their prognosis. The median survival in relatively small HCC patients (≤5 cm in diameter, N = 199) were 24.6 months for group 1, 20.6 months for group 2, and 13.7 months for group 3 patients; and those in large HCC (≤50% in the proportion of the tumor area, N = 200) were 15.1 months for group 1, 6.3 months for group 2, 5.8 months for group 3, and 5.2 months for group 4. Thus, serum AFP values at the time of presentation are not only of diagnostic value, but also of prognostic significance in patients with HCC.
Two classes of CD1 genes

Herein, we report the DNA sequence of two human CD1 genes, R2 and R3, distinct from those encoding the CD1a, ‐b and ‐c antigens. Both genes appear to have an exon/intron structure analogous to the previously analyzed CD1 genes and to be functional on the basis of their sequence. Analysis of the variability patterns, potential intramolecular interactions and predicted secondary structure profile on an alignment of all known CD1 α chains suggest some shared structural features with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in the α1 domains but substantial differences in the α2 domains. Sequence comparison shows that, while R2 is most related to CD1a, ‐b and ‐c, albeit to a somewhat lower degree than the latter are to themselves, R3 is more homologous to mouse than to human CD1, suggesting the existence of two functional classes within the CD1 gene family. We propose to retain the non‐committal R2 and R3 names until the putative antigens have been identified and their tissue distribution has been established.
Description of Gramella forsetii sp. nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011.

Strain KT0803T was isolated from coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany. The taxonomic position of the strain, previously known as 'Gramella forsetii' KT0803, was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. It grew optimally at 22-25 °C, at pH 7.5 and at a salinity between 2-3 %. Strain KT0803T hydrolysed the polysaccharides laminarin, alginate, pachyman and starch. The respiratory quinone was MK-6. Polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. Based on the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics, strain KT0803T has been assigned to the genus Gramella, as Gramella forsetii sp. nov. The type strain is KT0803T (=DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T). An emended description of Gramella gaetbulicolaCho et al. 2011 is also proposed.
ATRX interacts with H 3 . 3 in maintaining telomere structural integrity in pluripotent embryonic stem cells

ATRX interacts with H3.3 in maintaining telomere structural integrity in pluripotent embryonic stem cells Lee H. Wong, James D. McGhie, Marcus Sim, Melissa A. Anderson, Soyeon Ahn, Ross D. Hannan, Amee J. George, Kylie A. Morgan, Jeffrey R. Mann, and K.H. Andy Choo Chromosome and Chromatin Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Growth Control and Differentiation Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; Stem Cell Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
A chip-based multiuser detector for the downlink of a DS-CDMA system using a folded state-transition trellis

The maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) multiuser detector has very good performance but at the expense of high computational complexity. The Viterbi algorithm is employed to implement the MLSE in the asynchronous uplink. In this scheme, the various bit-combinations are taken to be the different states in the decoding trellis. However, the number of states increases exponentially with the number of active users. We propose a scheme that exploits the feature of power-equality in the downlink to reduce the number of states involved. Each transmitted chip value can only take a certain number of possible discrete values. Using these discrete values as the states in the transition trellis diagram and operating the Viterbi algorithm at the chip level, the number of states is reduced from 4/sup K/ to (K+1)/sup L/ where K is the number of users and L is the number of paths in the multipath channel.
Three-Baseline InSAR Estimation of Forest Height

In this letter we propose a three-baseline approach to the extraction of forest tree height from synthetic aperture radar data. Three polarimetric-interferometric pairs are used to constrain a physical model that relates forest parameters to multiple repeat-pass coherence observations. The observations may be performed by a dual, compact or full polarimetric radar, and may be affected by distinct levels of temporal decorrelation. Here, we present the theoretical framework based on the random-motion-over-ground model, and describe an algorithm to extract tree height from the data. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated with L-band airborne data collected by the German Aerospace Center in the frame of the BIOSAR2008 campaign. The proposed method provides height estimates in good agreement with lidar measurements and can be applied to data to be collected by forthcoming polarimetric-interferometric spaceborne missions.
Progress on Trichomonas vaginalis in China

Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common human sexually transmitted disease pathogen that colonizes the urogenital mucosa. Based on the research status of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in China, the training methods, pathogenic mechanisms and treatment on this parasite has been reviewed in this paper.
Is additional hyperbaric oxygen therapy cost‐effective for treating ischemic diabetic ulcers? Study protocol for the Dutch DAMOCLES multicenter randomized clinical trial 对缺血性糖尿病溃疡患者额外进行高压氧治疗的成本效益如何？荷兰DAMOCLES多中心随机临床试验的研究方案

The value of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of diabetic ulcers is still under debate. Available evidence suggests that HBOT may improve the healing of diabetic ulcers, but it comes from small trials with heterogeneous populations and interventions. The DAMOCLES‐trial will assess the (cost‐)effectiveness of HBOT for ischemic diabetic ulcers in addition to standard of care.
Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer Observations of the Dwarf Nova SW Ursae Majoris during Quiescence

We present spectroscopic observations of the short-period cataclysmic variable SW UMa obtained by the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite while the system was in quiescence. The data include the resonance lines of O VI at 1031.91 and 1037.61 Å. These lines are present in emission, and they exhibit both narrow (~150 km s-1) and broad (~2000 km s-1) components. The narrow O VI emission lines exhibit unusual double-peaked and redshifted profiles. We attribute the source of this emission to a cooling flow onto the surface of the white dwarf primary. The broad O VI emission most likely originates in a thin, photoionized surface layer on the accretion disk. We searched for emission from H2 at 1050 and 1100 Å, motivated by the expectation that the bulk of the quiescent accretion disk is in the form of cool, molecular gas. If H2 is present, then our limits on the fluxes of the H2 lines are consistent with the presence of a surface layer of atomic H that shields the interior of the disk. These results may indicate that accretion operates primarily in the surface layers of the disk in SW UMa. We also investigate the far-UV continuum of SW UMa and place an upper limit of 15,000 K on the effective temperature of the white dwarf.
Measurement of varus–valgus and internal–external rotational knee laxities in vivo—Part II: relationship with anterior–posterior and general joint laxity in males and females

We examined sex differences in general joint laxity (GJL), and anterior–posterior displacement (ANT–POST), varus–valgus rotation (VR–VL), and internal–external rotation (INT–EXT) knee laxities, and determined whether greater ANT and GJL predicted greater VR–VL and INT–EXT. Twenty subjects were measured for GJL, and scored on a scale of 0–9. ANT and POST were measured using a standard knee arthrometer at 133 N. VR–VL and INT–EXT were measured using a custom joint laxity testing device, defined as the angular displacements (deg) of the tibia relative to the femur produced by 0–10 Nm of varus–valgus torques, and 0–5 Nm of internal–external torques, respectively. INT–EXT were measured during both non‐weight‐bearing (NWB) and weight‐bearing (WB = 40% body weight) conditions while VR–VL were measured NWB. All laxity measures were greater for females compared to males except for POST. ANT and GJL positively predicted 62.5% of the variance in VR–VL and 41.8% of the variance in WB INT–EXT. ANT was the sole predictor of INT–EXT in NWB, explaining 42.3% of the variance. These findings suggest that subjects who score higher on clinical measures of GJL and ANT are also likely to have greater VR–VL and INT–EXT knee laxities. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:989–996, 2007
An ultrastructural examination of early ventral root formation in amphibia

The morphology of early interactions between neural tube and myotome in the amphibian embryo and tail regenerate was examined using the electron microscope. Two types of contacts were observed. At the most primitive level where the myotome was yet unsegmented, multiple adhesive‐type contacts linked neural tube and myotome. In newly segmented areas early ventral roots were recognizable as small bundles of one to five axons extending the short distance to the myotome. There was only one bundle per segment and in addition to axons, each bundle always contained one or more primitive glial cell processes which accompanied axons as they left the cord. At points of root exit primitive glial processes appeared to funnel axons into the root. The cytoarchitecture of the cord and the new roots suggested that the primitive glia may play a role in pathfinding for motor axons as they leave the cord and extend toward their targets.
Functional differentiation of adult neural circuits from a single embryonic network

The stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of adult lobsters and crabs generates a number of different rhythmic motor patterns which control different regional movements of the foregut. Since these output patterns are generated by discrete neural networks that, in the adult, are well characterized in terms of synaptic and cellular properties, this system constitutes an ideal model for exploring the mechanisms underlying the ontogeny of neural network organization. The foregut and its rhythmic motor patterns were studied in in vitro STNS nerve-muscle preparations of the embryo and different larval stages of the lobster Homarus gammarus. The development of Homarus comprises a long embryonic stage in ovo followed by three pelagic larval stages prior to the onset of benthic life. During these stages the foregut itself develops slowly from a simple ectodermal invagination that occurs in the embryo. During successive larval stages it progressively acquires all the specialized structures and shape of the adult foregut. In contrast, the STNS is morphologically recognizable at early embryonic stages. In all recorded stages the STNS spontaneously expresses rhythmic motor activity. During development, this activity is progressively restructured, beginning with a single rhythmic motor pattern in the embryo where all the stomodeal muscles are strongly coordinated. In subsequent stages, however, this single pattern is progressively subdivided to give rise eventually to the three discrete rhythmic motor patterns characteristic of the adult STNS. Our data suggest that rather than a dismantling of redundant embryonic and larval neural networks, the different adult networks emerge as a progressive partitioning of discrete circuits from a single embryonic network.
Implications of High-Resolution Simulations on Indirect Dark Matter Searches

We study the prospects for detecting the annihilation products of dark matter (DM) in the framework of the two highest-resolution numerical simulations currently available, i.e., Via Lactea II and Aquarius. We propose a strategy to determine the shape and size of the region around the Galactic center that maximizes the probability of observing a DM signal, and we show that, although the predicted flux can differ by a factor of 10 for a given DM candidate in the two simulation setups, the search strategy remains actually unchanged, since it relies on the angular profile of the annihilation flux, not on its normalization. We present mock {gamma}-ray maps that keep into account the diffuse emissions produced by unresolved halos in the Galaxy, and we show that, in an optimistic DM scenario, a few individual clumps can be resolved above the background with the Fermi-LAT. Finally, we calculate the energy-dependent boost factors for positrons and antiprotons and show that they are always of O(1), and, therefore, they cannot lead to the large enhancements of the antimatter fluxes required to explain the recent PAMELA, ATIC, Fermi, and HESS data. Still, we show that the annihilation of 100 GeV weakly interacting massive particles intomore » charged lepton pairs may contribute significantly to the positron budget. « less
A Nitride-Based P-Channel Logic-Compatible One-Time-Programmable Cell With a New Contact Select Gate

This letter presents a new 2-bit/cell contact-gated one-time-programmable (OTP) device, which is demonstrated in a 90-nm CMOS logic process. The cell is programmed by electron injection and storage in the contact-etch-stop-layer (CESL) nitride film. A novel contact gate is introduced to serve as a select transistor, which allows the cell to exhibit good immunity against program and read disturbances. The 2-bit/cell operation is achieved by selectively injecting charges into the CESL on either side of the contact gate through channel-hot-electron operation. With a unit bit area of 13.8 F2 , this nitride-based contact-gated OTP memory is highly feasible for advanced logic applications.
Activation of mononuclear phagocytes: fact, fancy, and future.

Activation revisited. Since the time of Metchinkoff (1) and his contemporaries it has been clear that tissue macrophages exist in various states of activity. One reads about the resting-wandering cells of the connective tissue, arising from the mesenchyme and stimulated by the products of local injury. Such observations performed with the light microscope, vital dyes, and keen insight have in the past two decades been expanded with our increasing knowledge of the mononuclear phagocyte system (2). In the recent past the term “activated macrophage” has largely been relegated to the bactericidal process and to the role of these cells in cell-mediated immunity. Unraveled largely through the imaginative in vivo studies of Mackaness and North and their colleagues (3, 4), the two cell nature of the process, the effector role of the macrophage, and the unique sensitizing qualities of viable organisms were elucidated. Yet, it is apparent when one scans the varied roles of tissue macrophages in the physiology and pathology of mammals that this is a much restricted definition.
A Novel Glycoengineered Bispecific Antibody Format for Targeted Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Type I (IGF-1R) Demonstrating Unique Molecular Properties*

Background: Bispecific antibodies are currently emerging as a promising new class of cancer therapeutics. Results: The novel one-arm single chain Fab IgG bispecific antibody (XGFR) targeting IGF-1R and EGFR demonstrated potent signaling inhibition and enhanced ADCC induction. Conclusion: XGFR has shown in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity in pancreatic, lung, and colorectal mouse xenograft tumor models. Significance: Rational design can help to overcome low expression yields and impaired effector functions of bispecific antibodies. In the present study, we have developed a novel one-arm single chain Fab heterodimeric bispecific IgG (OAscFab-IgG) antibody format targeting the insulin-like growth factor receptor type I (IGF-1R) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with one binding site for each target antigen. The bispecific antibody XGFR is based on the “knob-into-hole” technology for heavy chain heterodimerization with one heavy chain consisting of a single chain Fab to prevent wrong pairing of light chains. XGFR was produced with high expression yields and showed simultaneous binding to IGF-1R and EGFR with high affinity. Due to monovalent binding of XGFR to IGF-1R, IGF-1R internalization was strongly reduced compared with the bivalent parental antibody, leading to enhanced Fc-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. To further increase immune effector functions triggered by XGFR, the Fc portion of the bispecific antibody was glycoengineered, which resulted in strong antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity. XGFR-mediated inhibition of IGF-1R and EGFR phosphorylation as well as A549 tumor cell proliferation was highly effective and was comparable with a combined treatment with EGFR (GA201) and IGF-1R (R1507) antibodies. XGFR also demonstrated potent anti-tumor efficacy in multiple mouse xenograft tumor models with a complete growth inhibition of AsPC1 human pancreatic tumors and improved survival of SCID beige mice carrying A549 human lung tumors compared with treatment with antibodies targeting either IGF-1R or EGFR. In summary, we have applied rational antibody engineering technology to develop a heterodimeric OAscFab-IgG bispecific antibody, which combines potent signaling inhibition with antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity induction and results in superior molecular properties over two established tetravalent bispecific formats.
A structurally plastic ribonucleoprotein complex mediates post‐transcriptional gene regulation in HIV‐1

HIV replication requires the nuclear export of essential, intron‐containing viral RNAs. To facilitate export, HIV encodes the viral accessory protein Rev which binds unspliced and partially spliced viral RNAs and creates a ribonucleoprotein complex that recruits the cellular Chromosome maintenance factor 1 export machinery. Exporting RNAs in this manner bypasses the necessity for complete splicing as a prerequisite for mRNA export, and allows intron‐containing RNAs to reach the cytoplasm intact for translation and virus packaging. Recent structural studies have revealed that this entire complex exhibits remarkable plasticity at many levels of organization, including RNA folding, protein–RNA recognition, multimer formation, and host factor recruitment. In this review, we explore each aspect of plasticity from structural, functional, and possible therapeutic viewpoints. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:470–486. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1342
The Temporal Effects of Parental Divorce on Youth Substance Use

This article examines how the parental divorce process affects youth substance use at various stages relative to the divorce. With child-fixed-effect models and a baseline period that is long before the divorce, the estimates rely on within-child changes over time. Youth are more likely to use alcohol 2–4 years before a parental divorce. After the divorce, youth have an increased risk of using alcohol and marijuana, with the effect for marijuana being 12.1 percentage points in the two years right after the divorce (p = .010). The magnitudes of the effects persist as time passes from the divorce.
Divergent Roles of a Pair of Homologous Jumonji/Zinc-Finger–Class Transcription Factor Proteins in the Regulation of Arabidopsis Flowering Time

Flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana is controlled by multiple pathways, including the photoperiod pathway and the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)-dependent pathway. Here, we report that a pair of related jumonji-class transcription factors, EARLY FLOWERING 6 (ELF6) and RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6 (REF6), play divergent roles in the regulation of Arabidopsis flowering. ELF6 acts as a repressor in the photoperiod pathway, whereas REF6, which has the highest similarity to ELF6, is an FLC repressor. Ectopic expression studies and expression pattern analyses show that ELF6 and REF6 have different cellular roles and are also regulated differentially despite their sequence similarities. Repression of FLC expression by REF6 accompanies histone modifications in FLC chromatin, indicating that the transcriptional regulatory activity of this class of proteins includes chromatin remodeling. This report demonstrates the in vivo functions of this class of proteins in higher eukaryotes.