Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hamstrings are most susceptible to injury during the late swing phase of sprinting

It is well recognised that the hamstrings are susceptible to acute strain injury during high-speed running. However, the particular phase of the sprinting gait cycle at which hamstring injury occurs remains a debated topic. Video footage and athlete anecdotes have contributed to the discussion, but do not provide sufficient temporal resolution to fully answer the question. In this paper, we briefly review: (A) biomechanical data obtained from healthy athletes; (B) case studies of injuries during biomechanical experiments; and (C) clinical outcomes from intervention studies. We believe all of these support the premise that late swing phase is the likely time when the biarticular hamstrings are most vulnerable to injury. Early …
Chemical analysis and nutritional assessment of fluted pumpkin (Telfairiaoccidentalis Hook F.) seed residue fed to African catfish (Clariasgariepinus) at graded inclusion levels

The chemical analysis and nutritional assessment of fluted pumpkin seed residue fed to African catfish (Clariasgariepinus) at graded inclusion levelswas carried out in order to evaluate its effect on the growth performance and nutrient utilization of the catfish. Five diets containing 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% inclusion levels of fluted pumpkin seed residue (FPSR) as partial replacement for groundnut cake were prepared and fed to the fishes for eight weeks. Each treatment had three replicates with 15 fish per replicate (mean initial weight 140.87 ± 8.77g) in 30-litre plastic tanks and fish fed at 3% of body weight twice daily. Fish on control diet showed the best growth and nutrient utilization while diets with defatted fluted pumpkin seeds cake produced weight reduction in the fish with the least reduction on diet 2 (15% inclusion) and greatest on diet 4 (45% inclusion). The specific growth rate, feed conversion ratios and protein intake of the control fish were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those on FPSR-containing diets.Histopathological reports showed some damage to the liver of fish in higher FPSR-containing rations, torn gill tissues and changes of intestinal structure. Haematological parameters like haemoglobin, erythrocyte, sedimentation rate and biochemical parameters were within the ranges for healthy fish though reduced from pre-treatment values.
The Kim Alliance Scale: Development and Preliminary Testing

The development and preliminary testing of the Kim Alliance Scale (KAS) is described. The KAS was developed to measure the quality of the therapeutic alliance from the patient's perspective, including patient empowerment. By triangulating literature findings and qualitative data, a conceptual framework was derived with four dimensions of alliance: collaboration, communication, integration, and empowerment. Using the 48-item KAS, 68 nurses evaluated their alliance (as patients) with their own health care providers. Standard psychometric procedures were used to test for reliability and validity. The KAS was reduced to 30 items having internal consistency reliability coefficient alpha of . 94, and split-half alphas of . 87 and . 91. Initial support was found for convergent and divergent validity. The KAS may be a useful tool for measuring therapeutic alliance, identifying the foci for interventions to improve the alliance, and improving treatment outcomes.
Query Processing on OLAP System with Cloud Computing Environment

The conventional researches on a distributed On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) system have been in hardship to be adapted to real business environment. However, the recent spread of Cloud PaaS (Platform as a Services) provides new chances in the field of a distributed OLAP. OLAP query execution costs many minutes by its enormous data and OLAP query properties. On the other hand, MOLAP has fast responses. But it has a physical space limit to materialize all cells in possible combinations. Therefore, MOLAP is unsuited to analyze large data. In this paper, to provide not only flexibility and expandability of ROLAP but also the speediness of MOLAP, the cloud server architecture is proposed which shares clients’ cube cache by P2P and manages central index on cube data on P2P nodes. In this paper, each node acts as not only a P2P duplicator of aggregated data cubes but also a hybrid server to process queries on sub-cubes. Also, the requests on server are confined to non-aggregated areas and multiple client nodes exchange data simultaneously and asynchronously in the proposed Cloud P2P OLAP. In particular, data are retrieved from physically or logically adjacent nodes. With time series properties, the volume of requested data is minimized and the reuse of past cache data is focused. While central managed P2P has blocked the extendibility, Cloud P2P OLAP guarantees the performance and the extendibility. While Grid OLAP should keep self-distributed system, Cloud use services as much as used by public services. Therefore, Cloud P2P OLAP solves a lot of theoretical limits of conventional distributed OLAP.
Systems biology-based approaches toward understanding drought tolerance in food crops

Economically important crops, such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and other food crops are affected by even small changes in water potential at important growth stages. Developing a comprehensive understanding of host response to drought requires a global view of the complex mechanisms involved. Research on drought tolerance has generally been conducted using discipline-specific approaches. However, plant stress response is complex and interlinked to a point where discipline-specific approaches do not give a complete global analysis of all the interlinked mechanisms. Systems biology perspective is needed to understand genome-scale networks required for building long-lasting drought resistance. Network maps have been constructed by integrating multiple functional genomics data with both model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Lotus japonicus, and Medicago truncatula, and various food crops, such as rice and soybean. Useful functional genomics data have been obtained from genome-wide comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses of drought responses from different crops. This integrative approach used by many groups has led to identification of commonly regulated signaling pathways and genes following exposure to drought. Combination of functional genomics and systems biology is very useful for comparative analysis of other food crops and has the ability to develop stable food systems worldwide. In addition, studying desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants will unravel how combination of molecular genetic and metabolic processes interacts to produce a resurrection phenotype. Systems biology-based approaches have helped in understanding how these individual factors and mechanisms (biochemical, molecular, and metabolic) “interact” spatially and temporally. Signaling network maps of such interactions are needed that can be used to design better engineering strategies for improving drought tolerance of important crop species.
Aircraft true heading estimation with low-cost GPS/INS and aerial images

This paper investigates the use of aerial images obtained from an airborne downward-looking camera to control error growth in the true heading from a low-cost integrated GPS/INS system. In the proposed approach, aerial images are processed to compute aircraft drift angle and integrated GPS/INS position information is used to compute aircraft track angle. Aircraft true heading is finally computed by subtracting drift angle from the track angle. The computed true heading is then fused with the integrated GPS/INS true heading through Kalman filter formulation to provide continuous, smooth and accurate true heading information. Simulation results are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Bordetella pertussis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction

The object of this work was to test the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for demonstration of Bordetella pertussis (BP) in nasopharyngeal secretions. The method was applied to patients with recently diagnosed pertussis, as verified by BP culture. In order to test the sensitivity and specificity of PCR for the diagnosis of BP, we used known concentrations of BP, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica in aqueous solutions. PCR was furthermore carried out on species of bacteria that might be isolated from the nasopharynx. The applicability of PCR to patient specimens was tested in 25 patients in whose nasopharyngeal secretions BP had been demonstrated after 4–7 days of culture. The detection limit of PCR in aqueous solution was 1–2 BP bacteria per reaction tube. PCR was 100% specific for BP, showing no response with other Bordetella species or other bacteria known to colonize the nasopharynx. Of 25 patient specimens, 16 were PCR‐positive 4–7 days after the positive primary culture had been established; only 5 out of 13 patient specimens were positive by repeated conventional nasopharyngeal culture at that time. We conclude that PCR is a possible alternative to culture for the demonstration of BP, as PCR is considerably faster than culture and might be more sensitive.
Current-collapse-free operations up to 850 V by GaN-GIT utilizing hole injection from drain

Current collapse at high drain voltage in a GaN-based transistor is successfully suppressed by the introduction of p-GaN region which is placed beside the drain of a Gate Injection Transistor (GIT). The additional p-GaN region enables hole injection which effectively releases trapped electrons at around drain region after the application of high drain voltages. The p-GaN region is electrically connected to the drain electrode so that this is named as Hybrid Drain-embedded GIT (HD-GIT). The fabricated HD-GITs are free from current collapse at 850 V of the drain voltage or over, which significantly helps to achieve stable system operations and is very promising for future switching power supply applications.
Problems of neural network theory in their perspective

The author's viewpoint on the main perspective lines in the development of the neural network theory in the domain of the neural network algorithms for different mathematical tasks' solutions is presented. The main objective is to analyse the neural network theory aspects that would improve neural network task solution algorithms resulting by the increase in the equivalent capacity-to-cost ratio of the computational systems. The perspective problems of the neural network theory are considered in the order, structure and denotations corresponding to the presently developed technique of the multi-layer neural network synthesis [1-3].
Fast planning algorithm based on stack of action sets and high efficiency planning graph

Based on the study and analysis of the traditional planning graph and its algorithm, this paper presents a novel planning graph, named high efficiency planning graph. It is a directed, leveled graph with three kinds of nodes and four kinds of edges which can generate the valid plan directly at the same time with graph extending, without backward-chaining searching for the valid plan. Meanwhile, the mutex relationships between actions are redefined in this paper. Reference graph and stack of action sets are used to observably improve the speed of building the valid plan.
Fetotoxic effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in rats.

The fetotoxic effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was investigated. Histological and histochemical changes in the liver of newborn, jung and adult rats exposed to the herbicide from the prenatal period to the end of an experiment were evaluated. The experiment used 90 male and female, Wistar, aged to 10 weeks rats, divided into two groups: I-control-30 and II-60 animals which received the water solution of 2,4-D acid sodium salt in a daily dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. It was given with drinking water every day. The animals were sacrificed after 24 hours, 4, 6, and 10 weeks of the experiment. The results obtained showed that the administration of 2,4-D acid to rats in the prenatal and postnatal period, in a dose inducing subacute intoxication leads to histological and histochemical changes in the liver. The observed changes indicate disorders in energetic processes in hepatocytes and are morphological exponents of detoxicative processes there. They are most intensified with newborn rats. It suggest also, the pregnants ought not to work with 2,4-D and should avoid any contact with herbicides belongs to the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid group.
Secured trust and reputation system : analysis of malicious behaviors and optimization. (Gestion de la confiance et de la réputation sécurisée : analyse des attaques possibles et optimisation)

Reputation mechanisms offer a novel and effective way of ensuring the necessary level of trust which is essential to the functioning of any critical system. They collect information about the history (i.e., past transactions) of participants and make public their reputation. Prospective participants guide their decisions by considering reputation information, and thus make more informative choices. Online reputation mechanisms enjoy huge success. They are present in most e-commerce sites available today, and are seriously taken into consideration by human users. Existing reputation systems were conceived with the assumption that users will share feedback honestly. But, such systems like those in peer to peer are generally compromise of malicious users. This leads to the problem in cooperation, aggregation and evaluation. Some users want to use resources from network but do not want to contribute back to the network. Others manipulate the evaluations of trust and provide wrong estimation. We have recently seen increasing evidence that some users strategically manipulate their reports and behave maliciously. For proper protecting against those users, some kind of reputation management system is required. In some system, a trusted third entity exists and can aggregate the information. However, Peer-to-peer networks don’t have any central control or repository. Large size of distributed and hybrid networks makes the reputation management more challenging task. Hence reputation management system should perform all the tasks in distributed fashion. When these kinds of systems are implemented, peers try to deceive them to take maximum advantage. This thesis describes ways of making reputation mechanisms more trustworthy and optimized by providing defense mechanism and analysis. Different kinds of malicious behaviors exist and for each one, we present a complete analysis, simulation and a real use case example in distributed and non-distributed way
Collective Animal Behaviour Based Optimization Algorithm for IIR System Identification Problem

In this paper a novel optimization technique which is developed on mimicking the collective animal behaviour (CAB) is applied to the infinite impulse response (IIR) system identification problem. Functionality of CAB is governed by occupying the best position of an animal according to its dominance in the group. Enrichment of CAB with the features of randomness, stochastic and heuristic search nature has made the algorithm a suitable tool for finding the global optimal solution. The proposed CAB has alleviated from the defects of premature convergence and stagnation, shown by real coded genetic algorithm (RGA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE) in the present system identification problem. The simulation results obtained for some well known benchmark examples justify the efficacy of the proposed system identification approach using CAB over RGA, PSO and DE in terms of convergence speed, unknown plant coefficients and mean square error (MSE) values produced for IIR system models of both the same order and reduced order.
Estudio Preliminar de Dinámica Molecular para analizar la Interacción entre el hexatitanato de potasio y cúmulos nanométricos de aluminio

En el presente trabajo, se efectuaron calculos de Dinamica Molecular con el objeto de determinar si puede llevarse a cabo la incorporacion de la fibra del Hexatitanato de Potasio sobre una matriz de aluminio. Para lo cual se desarrollo una simulacion de manera inicial asignando primero velocidades a todos los atomos de acuerdo con una distribucion de Maxwell-Boltzmann. A continuacion, se simulo un calentamiento arriba del punto de fusion para la aleacion (Superficie de Aluminio y Hexatitanato de Potasio) a 1000 K y luego se simulo un enfriamiento hasta llegar a 273 K obteniendo una estructura amorfa. Durante este proceso, las ecuaciones de movimiento de Newton fueron resueltas usando un paso de tiempo finito por medio del algoritmo de Verlet. Se utilizo la aproximacion de energia Pair Wise mediante el uso de terminos atractivos de VDW y terminos de interaccion electrostatica. Se encontro que la fibra de hexatitanato de potasio y la matriz de aluminio inducen una posible segregacion quimica y estructural al generarse la aleacion.
Autoimmune-mediated reduction of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and paraoxonase 1 activity in systemic lupus erythematosus-prone gld mice.

OBJECTIVE To characterize modifications of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in autoimmune gld mice that may be relevant to premature atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus, and to assess their relationship to specific aspects of autoimmune disease. METHODS HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, hepatic gene expression, and HDL biogenesis were measured in aging female gld and wild-type congenic mice. Autoantibodies, lymphoid organs, and cytokines were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and multiplex assay, respectively. RESULTS Plasma HDL-C, HDL Apo A-I, and HDL-associated PON1 activity were reduced in aging gld mice in association with the development of autoimmunity, independent of changes in hepatic Apo A-I and PON1 expression or HDL biogenesis. Hepatic induction of the acute-phase reactant serum amyloid A1 resulted in its incorporation into HDL in gld mice. Deletion of the lipid-sensitive receptor G2A in gld mice (G2A-/- gld) attenuated reductions in HDL-C and PON1 activity without altering hepatic Apo A-I and PON1 expression, HDL biogenesis, or levels of acute-phase proinflammatory cytokines. Plasma anti-Apo A-I autoantibodies were elevated in aging gld mice commensurate with detectable increases in Apo A-I immune complexes. Autoantibody levels were lower in aging G2A-/- gld mice compared with gld mice, and anti-Apo A-I autoantibody levels were significantly related to HDL-C concentrations (r=-0.645, P<0.00004) and PON1 activity (r=-0.555, P<0.0007) among autoimmune gld and G2A-/- gld mice. CONCLUSION Autoantibodies against Apo A-I contribute to reducing HDL-C and PON1 activity in autoimmune gld mice independently of hepatic HDL biogenesis, suggesting that functional impairment and premature clearance of HDL immune complexes may be principal mechanisms involved.
Intensities of exercise during match-play in FA Premier League referees and players

Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between intensities of exercise during match-play of elite-standard soccer referees with those of the players from the same match. Match analysis data were collected (Prozone® Leeds, UK) for 18 elite-standard soccer referees (age 26–49 years) on FA Premier League matches during the 2008/09 English FA Premier League season (236 observations). Running categories for referees and players were as follows: total distance covered (m); high-speed running distance (speed >19.8 km · h−1); and sprinting distance (speed >25.2 km · h−1). Analysis of the distance–time regression coefficients revealed no differences between the referees' and players' within-match rates of change for total distance covered (−0.594 ± 0.394 vs. −0.713 ± 0.269 m · min−1; P = 0.104), high-speed running (−0.039 ± 0.077 vs. −0.059 ± 0.030 m · min−1; P = 0.199), and sprinting (−0.003 ± 0.039 vs. −0.021 ± 0.017 m · min−1; P = 0.114). In addition, there were no differences between across-season rates of change for total distance (–26.756 ± 40.434 vs. −20.031 ± 25.502 m per match day; P = 0.439) and sprinting (–9.662 ± 7.564 vs. −8.589 ± 4.351 m per match day; P = 0.542). These results show that elite-standard soccer referees' intensities of exercise during match-play are interrelated with those of the players and thus demonstrate that referees are able to keep pace with the players during FA Premier League matches.
Systematic studies of modified vocalization: the effect of speech rate on speech production measures during metronome-paced speech in persons who stutter.

BACKGROUND Metronome-paced speech results in the elimination, or substantial reduction, of stuttering moments. The cause of fluency during this fluency-inducing condition is unknown. Several investigations have reported changes in speech pattern characteristics from a control condition to a metronome-paced speech condition, but failure to control speech rate between conditions limits our ability to determine if the changes were necessary for fluency. AIMS This study examined the effect of speech rate on several speech production variables during one-syllable-per-beat metronomic speech in order to determine changes that may be important for fluency during this fluency-inducing condition. METHODS & PROCEDURES Thirteen persons who stutter (PWS), aged 18-62 years, completed a series of speaking tasks. Several speech production variables were compared between conditions produced at different metronome beat rates, and between a control condition and a metronome-paced speech condition produced at a rate equal to the control condition. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Vowel duration, voice onset time, pressure rise time and phonated intervals were significantly impacted by metronome beat rate. Voice onset time and the percentage of short (30-100 ms) phonated intervals significantly decreased from the control condition to the equivalent rate metronome-paced speech condition. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS A reduction in the percentage of short phonated intervals may be important for fluency during syllable-based metronome-paced speech for PWS. Future studies should continue examining the necessity of this reduction. In addition, speech rate must be controlled in future fluency-inducing condition studies, including neuroimaging investigations, in order for this research to make a substantial contribution to finding the fluency-inducing mechanism of fluency-inducing conditions.
Schémas Winograd en français: une étude statistique et comportementale (Winograd schemas in French : a statistical and behavioral study)

Nous présentons dans cet article une collection de schémas Winograd en français, adaptée de la liste proposée par Levesque et al. (2012) pour l’anglais. Les schémas Winograd sont des problèmes de résolution d’anaphore conçus pour être IA-complets. Nous montrons que notre collection vérifie deux propriétés cruciales : elle est robuste vis-à-vis de méthodes statistiques simples (“Google-proof”), tout en étant largement dépourvue d’ambiguïté pour les sujets humains que nous avons testés.