Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid GA/kNN/SVM Algorithm for Classification of data

This paper proposes an effective comparison of different algorithms for classification namely Genetic Algorithm, K-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) techniques. The goal of the comparison is to compare the effects of the classification rules from data. The algorithm is stimulated by the behavior of classification. Individual data are selected based on how well they fit to the environment. In GP, the entity that reflects this degree of adaptation is the fitness function. The programs that better solve the problem at hand will receive a better fitness value, and will consequently have a better chance of being selected. The datasets that are considered can be any data involving choice of a fitness function, and an evaluation method depends on the problem metrics given to the simulation environment based on parameter values. SVM and KNN classifiers are compared and applied their performance using MATLAB simulation environment. Keywords— K nearest neighboring, Genetic Algorithm, Support Vector Machine, Micro array, Classification.
The Impact of Women Cumulative Empowerment and Educational Gap on the Participation of Arabic Women in the Labor-Force

Woman is a key and an important contributor to development, therefore, enhancing her empowerment is a vital driver and a key element for a development process that is sustainable and continuous. Measuring the impact of both of cumulative woman empowerment, and educational empowerment (educational gap) on the participation of women in the labor force is crucial for pinpointing the fragility in woman empowerment efforts in the Arab region. This paper aims at investigating the impact of both women cumulative empowerment and educational gap on the participation of women in the labor force in the Arab countries. The study sample includes Arab countries that are included in the Global Gender Gap reports during the years (2006-2015). Using panel data, several econometrics models were estimated. Evidently, for the whole sample: both of women cumulative empowerment and the percentage of working women in the population have a significant positive impact on women’s participation in the labor force, meanwhile there was a negative impact of the population growth rate, and a both ways impact - positive and negative- of educational gender gap. After dividing Arab countries according to income groups, it is found that, for both high-income and lower middle income countries, there is a positive significant impact for women empowerment on women’s participation in the labor force. However, the results do not support any significant impact for women empowerment on women’s participation in the labor force in the upper middle income countries. It was also found that the proportion of working women out of the population was statistically significant for the three income levels. Also the results do not support any significant impact for both of the educational gap and population growth on women’s participation in the labor force.
Discussion Paper Series Number 235 Efficient Competition through Cheap Talk : Competing Auctions and Competitive Search without Ex

We consider a frictional two-sided matching market in which one side uses public cheaptalk announcements so as to attract the other side. We show that if the first-price auction is adopted as the trading protocol, then cheap talk can be perfectly informative, and the resulting market outcome is efficient, constrained only by search frictions. We also show that the performance of an alternative trading protocol in the cheap-talk environment depends on the level of price dispersion generated by the protocol: If a trading protocol compresses (spreads) the distribution of prices relative to the first-price auction, then an efficient fully revealing equilibrium always (never) exists. Our results identify the settings in which cheap talk can serve as an efficient competitive instrument, in the sense that the central insights from the literature on competing auctions and competitive search continue to hold unaltered even without ex ante price commitment. JEL Codes: C72, D82, D83.
The Betrayal At Cloud City: An Empirical Analysis Of Cloud-Based Mobile Backends

Cloud backends provide essential features to the mobile app ecosystem, such as content delivery, ad networks, analytics, and more. Unfortunately, app developers often disregard or have no control over prudent security practices when choosing or managing these services. Our preliminary study of the top 5,000 Google Play Store free apps identified 983 instances of N-day and 655 instances of 0-day vulnerabilities spanning across the software layers (OS, software services, communication, and web apps) of cloud backends. The mobile apps using these cloud backends represent between 1M and 500M installs each and can potentially affect hundreds of thousands of users. Further, due to the widespread use of third-party SDKs, app developers are often unaware of the backends affecting their apps and where to report vulnerabilities. This paper presents SkyWalker, a pipeline to automatically vet the backends that mobile apps contact and provide actionable remediation. For an input APK, SkyWalker extracts an enumeration of backend URLs, uses remote vetting techniques to identify software vulnerabilities and responsible parties, and reports mitigation strategies to the app developer. Our findings suggest that developers and cloud providers do not have a clear understanding of responsibilities and liabilities in regards to mobile app backends that leave many vulnerabilities exposed.
Design and Analysis of Adjustable Constant Current Source with Multi Frequency for Measurement of Bioelectrical Impedance

Bio-Impedance analyzer, using adjustable constant current source with multi frequency system consist an advanced form of Howland Constant Current Source in which a very low constant current injected in joint tissues by changing the values of load resister. Resultant current were shown on 10 values of load resistance applied with change in constant current as 208.49 μA, 229.12 μA, 254.29 μA, 285.71 μA, 326.05 μA, 379.74 μA, 454.74 μA, 566.95 μA, 753. 31μA, 1.12mA respectively for 10-1kΩ for detection of joint disease. System includes all measurements at different frequencies of range 50-200 KHz at a constant value of current. Current remains constant at all values of frequencies.
Stability of noisy Metropolis –

Pseudo-marginal Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for sampling from intractable distributions have gained recent interest and have been theoretically studied in considerable depth. Their main appeal is that they are exact, in the sense that they target marginally the correct invariant distribution. However, the pseudo-marginal Markov chain can exhibit poor mixing and slow convergence towards its target. As an alternative, a subtly different Markov chain can be simulated, where better mixing is possible but the exactness property is sacrificed. This is the noisy algorithm, initially conceptualised as Monte Carlo within Metropolis, which has also been studied but to a lesser extent. The present article provides a further characterisation of the noisy algorithm, with a focus on fundamental stability properties like positive recurrence and geometric ergodicity. Sufficient conditions for inheriting geometric ergodicity from a standard Metropolis–Hastings chain are given, as well as convergence of the invariant distribution towards the true target distribution.
Domestic Violence : Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Non-Reporting to the Police in Trinidad and Tobago

Globally, domestic violence (DV) is a common and serious problem that incurs significant costs to victims, their families and governments. DV involves violence between intimate partners as well as against vulnerable members of society, such as children and older people. In order to resolve issues of DV victimization, the police rely on victims to report their victimization; however, there is an on-going concern that incidents of DV between intimate partners tend to be unreported/underreported to the police in Trinidad and Tobago. The current exploratory effort draws on data from semi-structured interviews with individuals (N=130) in six diverse geographical locations in Trinidad and Tobago regarding their non-reporting of DV victimization to the police. The findings indicate that the main reason for DV victimization non-reporting by males on the island was fear of being viewed negatively by police officers and the public (32%), while for females the main reason was dependent economic status (21%)/protection of family (21%). For both males and females, the main barrier to reporting DV victimization to the police was embarrassment/shame. A key research finding was that males were nine times more likely than females to not report their DV victimization to the police. 1 The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Corresponding Author: Wendell C. Wallace, wendell.wallace@sta.uwi. edu
The hawkmoths ( Lepidoptera : Sphingidae ) of Seychelles : identification , historical background , distribution , food plants and ecological considerations

The Sphingidae (hawkmoths) deserve greater attention in ecological research and conservation programmes in Seychelles because of their role as pollinators as well as components of food chains: a number of native plants, including several endemic species, display sphingophilous traits. Threats against the native Sphingid fauna include habitat destruction, the spread of invasive alien plant and animal species, artificial lighting and deliberate killing by humans. The history of research on Seychellois Sphingids is summarised, distribution and host plant records are reviewed and updated, and a key is provided for the identification of the adults of the fourteen species.
Similarity of paths in spatial networks : The case of long-distance athletic events

The introduction of graph theory approaches in spatial sciences has open new horizons regarding spatial network analysis. Mathematical analysis of large spatial networks is now possible mainly due to increase of computational capabilities and the development of network algorithms based on modern database structures. This work illustrates a new algorithm which deals with paths along spatial networks and quantifies similarity between paths. After discussing the algorithm we illustrate a case study related to athletic events where we use the algorithm for the identification of similar paths in two different spatial networks. The identification of similar paths is useful for training reasons and has some potentials regarding searching between large scale spatial networks.
INTRODUCED SPECIES AND THEIR IMPACTS IN THE BLACK SEA

In the last half of the 20 century, many forms of marine organisms, belonging to various levels of food chain, native to Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea have been unintentionally introduced into the Black Sea mainly by the means of shipping vessels or water exchange through Sea of Marmara. Along with the changes in the climate due to the global warming, a process namely “Mediterreneanisation” has been taken place in the Black Sea, leading to collapse of fisheries i.e impact of Comb jellyfish on anchovy stocks, and Rapa whelk Rapana venosa on mussel banks.
DEVELOPMENTAL PATEIWAYS TO ADOLESCENT MATEiEMATICS ENGAGEMENT

Developmental Pathways to Adolescent Mathematics Engagement Master of Grts 1998 Iennifer Dawne Shapka Department of Human Development and Applied Psychology Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto Using a subject pool of 421 adolescents (grades 9 13). longitudinal changes in conceptions about the nature of success were investigated. As well, math engagement was examined as a function of beliefs about success (luck easy questions, hard work talent), educational class condition (males and females fiom CO-educational math classes, and females fiom a single sex intervention program). Finally, patterns of math engagement were examined for withingroup differences for students who were attaining at a low vs high rate before the initial phase of the study. Beliefs about success shifted fi-om intemal explanations to extemal explanations. In general, students who attributed success in math to intemal factors were more engaged with math, as were females in the single sex classes. Beliefs about success, class condition, and subsequent success did not influence students who were in the low achievement group suggesting that pnor achievement is a strong indicator of future
When reducing fiscal deficits makes sense for low-income countries Using Fiscal Policy to Spur Growth

macroeconomics is that fiscal policy can be effective in stimulating aggregate demand and reviving a stagnant economy. At the same time, a growing body of research—based primarily on industrial countries—suggests that there are circumstances in which expansionary fiscal policy cannot be used to pull an economy out of a recession. In particular, when levels of public debt are already high, increasing the budget deficit may lead to lower private sector investment and private consumption, negating the effect of higher public sector spending or tax cuts on aggregate demand. In fact, several studies of OECD countries have shown that reducing fiscal deficits can accelerate growth when the level of public debt is high and unsustainable. Reduced government borrowing to finance deficit spending pushes down interest rates generally, thereby encouraging investment. Lower interest rates also raise asset values, and this “wealth effect” encourages private consumption and investment. Furthermore, shrinking deficits lead the private sector to reduce its estimates of current and future tax liabilities, providing a further boost to investment and consumption. These studies also indicate that how deficits are reduced is important. Fiscal tightening that is achieved primarily by cutting subsidies, transfers (such as pensions), and the government wage bill tends to last longer and can be expansionary, while fiscal tightening achieved by increasing taxes and cutting public investment tends to be contractionary and unsustainable. What has yet to be explored in depth in the literature is how relevant these concerns When reducing fiscal deficits makes sense for low-income countries Using Fiscal Policy to Spur Growth
Effect of Tongqiao Biyan granule in combined with montelukast sodium and budesonide on of allergic rhinitis and inflammatory cytokines

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory reactive disease of nasal mucosa mediated by IgE under the combined involvement of various inflammatory cells and cytokines after exposure to the allergens, with clinical manifestations of paroxysmal sneeze, clear watering nasal discharge, rhinocnesmus, eye itching, and obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in severe patients, and is characterized by long course, repeated attack, and delayed healing, which can seriously affect the patients’ living qualities[1,2]. It is found during studying the pathogenesis of AR that the inflammatory reaction is involved in the genesis and development of AR, and interleukin plays an important promoting role[3]. Drugs are mainly involved in the treatment of AR, among which the anti-histamine drugs and glucocorticoids are the main core drugs, but the occurrence rate and side effects are relatively high, while the traditional Chinese medicine has an unique advantage[4]. The study is aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of Tongqiao Biyan granule in combined with montelukast sodium and budesonide in the treatment of AR and their effects on IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10.
Towards Functional Mobile Microrobotic Systems

This paper presents our work over the last decade in developing functional microrobotic systems, which include wireless actuation of microrobots to traverse complex surfaces, addition of sensing capabilities, and independent actuation of swarms of microrobots. We will discuss our work on the design, fabrication, and testing of a number of different mobile microrobots that are able to achieve these goals. These microrobots include the microscale magnetorestrictive asymmetric bimorph microrobot ( μ MAB), our first attempt at magnetic actuation in the microscale; the microscale tumbling microrobot ( μ TUM), our microrobot capable of traversing complex surfaces in both wet and dry conditions; and the micro-force sensing magnetic microrobot ( μ FSMM), which is capable of real-time micro-force sensing feedback to the user as well as intuitive wireless actuation. Additionally, we will present our latest results on using local magnetic field actuation for independent control of multiple microrobots in the same workspace for microassembly tasks.
Computational modelling of Artificial Language Learning : Retention, Recognition & Recurrence

Artificial Language Learning (ALL) is a key paradigm to study the nature of learning mechanisms in language. In this dissertation, I have used computational modelling to interpret results from ALL experiments on infants, adults and non-human animals, with the goal of understanding the mechanisms of language learning. I have conceptualized the process as consisting of three steps: (i) memorization of sequence segments, (ii) computing the propensity to generalize, and (iii) generalization. For step (i) I have proposed RR Toro and Trobalon, 2005; Frank et al., 2010). Identifying (ii) as a separate step is a contribution from this dissertation. I propose to account for this step with the use of Simple Good Turing (Good, 1953), a smoothing model used to account for unseen words in corpora.As for step (iii), I present a critical review of the existing models, in order to identify the state of the art and the unresolved issues. I then propose a neural network model to account for the results of one influential experiment (Marcus et al., 1999) with two core ideas: pre-wiring the connections of the network and pre-training the model to account for previous experience.The dissertation also discusses methodological issues in computational modelling, including Marr´s levels of analysis (Marr, 1982) and common pitfalls of evaluation procedures, and it explores alternative evaluation methods.
On the Downside of Heroism: Grey Zone Limitations on the Value of Social and Physical Risk Heroism

Implicit lay views of heroes are overwhelmingly positive and do not focus on the potential problems that may result from heroic behavior. Similarly, a rarely challenged assumption of heroism research is that heroic behavior represents a social good that should be rewarded, encouraged, and even taught. Yet it is not difficult to demonstrate empirically that heroic behavior, regardless of how well intended, can backfire and hurt, rather than help, the would-be helper, the target of helping, and third parties in the background. By extension, training programs that promote heroism can be of questionable value to the extent that they encourage individuals to engage in heroic behaviors that subsequently produce a negative effect. A two-dimensional action-impact matrix is presented that crosses whether or not a hero acts heroically and whether or not he or she has a positive impact to identify four possible actors: the classic hero, meddling hero, meta-hero, and failed hero. Using famous characters from fiction such as Superman and the officers on Star Trek, as well as real life incidents and case studies, the dynamics of the action-impact matrix are identified in order to explore the reasons why a person should not intervene in some instances.
Transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells improved erectile dysfunction induced by cavernous nerve injury

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an important kind of postoperative complication of pelvic surgery that affects patients' quality of life. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has been found to alleviate ED caused by cavernous nerve injury (CNI) in rats. However, little is known about whether induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSC) have a therapeutic effect on CNI ED. We established an ED model on rats and evaluated the effect of iMSC on it. Methods: Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups and received following operation: sham operation (sham group); bilateral CNI and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injections (PBS group); bilateral CNI and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation (adMSC group); or bilateral CNI and iMSC injection (iMSC group). After therapy, the cavernous nerve was stimulated by electricity and the intracavernous pressure (IAP)/mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was measured. The endothelial and smooth muscle tissue in the penis was assessed histologically with Masson's trichrome stain. Immunofluorescence/immunohistochemical stains were applied for the detection of nNOS, vWF, eNOS, SMA, Desmin, S100β, and caspase-3. Nude rats CNI ED model was established for the evaluation of iMSC longevity and differentiation capacity. The paracrine factors were assessed by real-time PCR. Results: Transplantation of iMSC significantly restored the IAP/MAP in this CNI ED model and showed long-term effects. It could rescue the expression of vWF, eNOS, SMA, and Desmin, which indicated the alleviation of endothelial and smooth muscle tissues of the penis. iMSC therapy also could increase the expression of nNOS in the cavernosum and S100β in the major pelvic ganglia (MPG) which contributed to the erectile function. Moreover, the level of BAX and caspase-3 were reduced and Bcl-2 was increased, which indicated the anti-apoptosis effects of iMSC. The iMSC showed little transdifferentiation and exerted their function by activating the secretome of the host. Conclusion: Transplantation of iMSC significantly improved ED induced by CNI. The iMSC may exert their effects via paracrine factors and may be a promising therapeutic candidate for treating CNI ED in the future.
Users Really Do Answer Telephone Scams

As telephone scams become increasingly prevalent, it is crucial to understand what causes recipients to fall victim to these scams. Armed with this knowledge, effective countermeasures can be developed to challenge the key foundations of successful telephone phishing attacks. In this paper, we present the methodology, design, execution, results, and evaluation of an ethical telephone phishing scam. The study performed 10 telephone phishing experiments on 3,000 university participants without prior awareness over the course of a workweek. Overall, we were able to identify at least one key factor—spoofed Caller ID—that had a significant effect in tricking the victims into revealing their Social Security number.