Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term exposure to ambient ozone and mortality: a quantitative systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence from cohort studies

Objectives While there is good evidence for associations between short-term exposure to ozone and a range of adverse health outcomes, the evidence from narrative reviews for long-term exposure is suggestive of associations with respiratory mortality only. We conducted a systematic, quantitative evaluation of the evidence from cohort studies, reporting associations between long-term exposure to ozone and mortality. Methods Cohort studies published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in EMBASE and MEDLINE to September 2015 and PubMed to October 2015 and cited in reviews/key publications were identified via search strings using terms relating to study design, pollutant and health outcome. Study details and estimate information were extracted and used to calculate standardised effect estimates expressed as HRs per 10 ppb increment in long-term ozone concentrations. Results 14 publications from 8 cohorts presented results for ozone and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We found no evidence of associations between long-term annual O3 concentrations and the risk of death from all causes, cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, or lung cancer. 4 cohorts assessed ozone concentrations measured during the warm season. Summary HRs for cardiovascular and respiratory causes of death derived from 3 cohorts were 1.01 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.02) and 1.03 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.05) per 10 ppb, respectively. Conclusions Our quantitative review revealed a paucity of independent studies regarding the associations between long-term exposure to ozone and mortality. The potential impact of climate change and increasing anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors on ozone levels worldwide suggests further studies of the long-term effects of exposure to high ozone levels are warranted.
Etudes des altérations fonctionnelles de la signalisation dépendante du récepteur à l’antigène dans les cellules B de la Leucémie Lymphoïde Chronique

Des alterations de la signalisation en aval du recepteur a l’antigene (BCR) jouent un role cle dans la physiopathologie de la Leucemie Lymphoide Chronique (LLC). Notre laboratoire a montre qu’une stimulation antigenique ex-vivo des cellules B-LLC conduit a une survie et une migration cellulaires differentielles qui distingue deux groupes de patients. Sur la base de ces resultats, nous avons montre que l’avantage de survie cellulaire en reponse a une stimulation antigenique observe dans un groupe est dependant 1) d’un seuil impose par les niveaux d’expression des effecteurs precoces (BCR, Syk et Zap70), de la capacite des cellules leucemiques a repondre en termes de phosphorylation de Syk, d’activation de la PLCƳ2, de mobilisation calcique et d’activation du facteur de transcription NFAT2 ; l’activation de la voie BCR/NFAT mesuree par la survie des cellules B-LLC ex-vivo etant correlee a la survie globale des patients ; 2) de l’augmentation des niveaux de phosphorylation globale et specifique de Syk, de la distribution subcellulaire de phospho-Syk, de la capacite de Syk a interagir avec des effecteurs positifs et negatifs et a les activer. De plus, notre etude sur la diminution de la migration des cellules B de LLC en reponse a une stimulation du BCR montre qu’elle depend du taux d’internalisation du CXCR4 qui est regule par l’activation des PI3Ks situees en amont des PKDs ; ces dernieres activees phosphorylent le CXCR4 qui est alors internalise. L’ensemble de ces donnees nous a permis de mieux definir les mecanismes moleculaires sous-jacents a une survie accrue et a une migration diminuee des cellules BLLC en reponse a une stimulation antigenique, de mettre en evidence d’eventuels biomarqueurs fonctionnels de stratification (pSyk et pPLCƳ2), de pointer de potentielles cibles therapeutiques (NFATs et PKDs) et d’expliquer en partie l’action de drogues, comme le Fostamatinib et l’Idelalisib, utilisees en therapie dans la LLC.
Fortification of Grain Productions with Folate: Should Britain Follow the American Example?

The fortification of all grain products with folate is mandatory in the USA from 1st January 1999. The decision has been prompted by research indicating that the risk of heart disease, cancer, stroke, nervous system disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, and neural tube defects may be reduced by daily intake of folate higher than is currently normal in the American population. There is a debate on the adequacy of the level of folate mandated and on the limiting of fortification to grain products. Furthermore, there have been representations to the limiting of fortification to grain products. Furthermore, there have been representations to the US Foood and Drug Administration to include B12 in the fortification rrequirement. Would British health also benefit from such fortification?
Effectiveness of McKenzie Manipulative Therapy on Pain, Functional Activity and Disability for Lumbar Disc Herniation

Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is one of the common determinations for low back pain and there are priorities of a cost-effective therapeutic approach. The objective of the study was to explore the effectiveness of McKenzie Manipulative Therapy (MMT) for patients with LDH. Methodology: Assessor blinded RCT carried out for 36 months at CRP. Seventy-two subjects ages 28- 47 years, clinically and radiologically diagnosed with LDH were randomly recruited from hospital records and sixty-eight found eligible. The control group received stretching exercise and graded oscillatory mobilization, and the experimental group received McKenzie manipulative therapy for 12 sessions in 4 weeks, both groups received a standard set of care in addition. The pain was the primary outcome and secondary outcome was participation in functional activities and disability. Results: Pain and Disability found significant (p<.05) improvement in both groups, with the McKenzie approach significantly superior to the control group. Bothersome in activities (SBI) found significant compared to baseline for both groups (p <.01). McKenzie was significantly superior in outcomes for fear avoidance (FABQ) total and SBI feeling of abnormal sensation in leg compared to the control group (p < .05). Conclusion: The McKenzie manipulative therapy approach reported effective for pain, disability, and participating in activities for single or multiple level LDH patients in a short time from day 1 to week 4 and the treatment effect extends after 6 months.
Comb type and reproduction in the male fowl segregation of the rose and pea comb genes.

Segregation ratios from heterozygous males and heterospermic inseminations were studied. There was a deficiency of pea comb offspring from rrPp males, in some cases from RrPp males, as well as from heterospermic inseminations (rrPP plus rrpp semen). Rose and walnut comb chicks were produced in the expected proportions from Rrpp or RrPp males but a significant deficiency of these comb types was found among offspring resulting from heterospermic inseminations (RRpp or RRPP plus rrpp semen).
TLSA Player: A Tool for Presenting Consistent SMIL 2.0 Documents

A dispensing device for use in dispensing measured quantities of fluent materials through a plurality of resiliently compressible dispensing tubes, the device comprising a housing having a tube zone for receiving a plurality of dispensing tubes; collapsing device for collapsing, in compression zones, dispensing tubes when located in the tube zone; and displacement device for diplacing the collapsing device to advance the compression zones along compression paths to dispense fluent materials through such dispensing tubes, the compression paths being of differing effective lengths. A dispensing kit comprising a dispensing device as described, and a plurality of resiliently compressible dispensing tubes for location in the tube zone.
Pax-6 Expression in Posthatch Chick Retina during and Recovery from Form-Deprivation Myopia

The expression of Pax-6 in fully-differentiated chick retina remains largely confined to the amacrine and ganglion cell layers. In the developing posthatch chick retina, Pax-6 expression shows a biphasic pattern; a decrease by posthatch day 17 followed by a steady increase in the adult eye. Interestingly, we find that this biphasic expression of Pax-6 is reflected in the biphasic growth pattern of the posthatch chick eye, which is disrupted by form-deprivation myopia (FDM). We have now examined the pattern of Pax-6 accumulation in 3-day-old chick eyes subjected to 2 weeks of FDM followed by 2 weeks of recovery from FDM. Quantitative RT-PCR (with a homologous internal control) revealed that after 2 weeks of occlusion the contralateral non occluded eyes, the occluded eyes and the normal nonexperimental chick eyes did not show any drastic changes in the number of Pax-6 transcripts. The data obtained suggests that the contralateral eye does not represent a ‘normal’ control eye; similar but nonidentical changes are seen, at the molecular level, in both the contralateral and the occluded eyes. Comparisons with the control nonexperimental animals, however, are meaningful. Even after 2 weeks of recovery under normal light conditions, the occluded eyes do not seem to reach the same level of Pax-6 expression (number of molecules per mg tissue) as seen in normal control eyes, suggesting that exposure of the posthatch chick eye to FDM impedes developmental progression that normally culminates in emmetropia.
Las palabras se aprenden gradualmente mediante exposiciones múltiples

El texto que se reproduce a continuacion ilustra como se llega a tener un conocimiento completo y flexible de un vocablo. Se trata de una breve adaptacion autorizada del libro de Steven Stahl, Vocabulary Development, de la serie From Reading Research to Practice: A Series for Teachers (Brookline Books, 1999), que viene a complementar el articulo de E. D. Hirsch, “La Comprension Lectora Requiere Conocimiento de Vocabulario y del Mundo” que se publica en esta edicion de Estudios Publicos.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE RELATING TO CAPTIVE GREAT APE MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY

Abstract Wild bonobos (Pan paniscus), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), Western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus, Pongo abelii) are threatened with extinction. In order to help maintain a self-sustaining zoo population, clinicians require a sound understanding of the diseases with which they might be presented. To provide an up-to-date perspective on great ape morbidity and mortality, a systematic review of the zoological and veterinary literature of great apes from 1990 to 2014 was conducted. This is the first review of the great ape literature published since 1990 and the first-ever systematic literature review of great ape morbidity and mortality. The following databases were searched for relevant articles: CAB Abstracts, Web of Science Core Collection, BIOSIS Citation Index, BIOSIS Previews, Current Contents Connect, Data Citation Index, Derwent Innovations Index, MEDLINE, SciELO Citation Index, and Zoological Record. A total of 189 articles reporting on the causes of morbidity and mortality among captive great apes were selected and divided into comparative morbidity–mortality studies and case reports–series or single-disease prevalence studies. The content and main findings of the morbidity-mortality studies were reviewed and the main limitations identified. The case reports–case series and single-disease prevalence studies were categorized and coded according to taxa, etiology, and body system. Subsequent analysis allowed the amount of literature coverage afforded to each category to be calculated and the main diseases and disorders reported within the literature to be identified. This review concludes that reports of idiopathic and infectious diseases along with disorders of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal body systems were particularly prominent within the great ape literature during 1990–2014. However, recent and accurate prevalence figures are lacking and there are flaws in those reviews that do exist. There is therefore a critical need for a robust, widespread, and more up-to-date review of mortality among captive great apes.
Recognizing Emotions in Short Texts

Affective Computing is one of the fields used by computer scientists to transfer the knowledge from psychology to the Human-Machine Interaction research field, while offering a better understanding on Human to Human Interaction. Since the classification problem is not typical, the difficulty is increased by the fuzziness of the data sets. Our paper proposes a method that aims at a better recognition rate of human emotions. Our model is based on the Self-Organizing Maps algorithm and it can be applied on short texts with a high degree of affective content. It is designed to be integrated into an Embodied Conversational Agent.
Integrated Analysis of Prognostic and Immune Associated Integrin Family in Ovarian Cancer

Human integrin receptors are important for cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion in normal epithelial cells. Emerging evidences have indicated integrin members are involved in cancer development and progression as well. However, the expression patterns and clinical significance of the whole integrin family in ovarian cancer (OC) have not yet been well understood. In the present study, we utilized the public datasets including GEPIA, GEO, ONCOMINE, cBioPortal, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, TIMER databases, to analyze the expression and prognostic value of integrin members in OC. We found ITGA3/B4/B6/B7/B8 were abnormally overexpressed in OC; ITGA6 was good prognosis predictor in OC; ITGA3/ B4/B8 were poor prognosis predictor specially in advanced OC patients; elevated ITGA3/B4 might promote metastasis and elevated ITGA3/B8 might promote platinum resistance of OC; ITGA3 and ITGB4 might synergistically or independently regulate cell adhesion and proliferation; ITGA4/AL/AM/AX/B2/B7 showed strong correlations with various tumor immune infiltrates (TILs), especially with pro-tumor immunes cell types like monocyte, M2 macrophage and exhaustion T cells infiltration; ITGAL/AM/B2/B7 and residing memory CD8+ T cells marker ITGAE were specially associated with early OC patients outcome. Our results implied that ITGA3/B4 were important prognostic markers of advanced OC, ITGAL/AM/ B2/B7 were immune associated prognosis markers of early OC, together they might render important therapeutic targets for OC.
Reduction of dyskinesias and psychiatric disability with clozapine over different time courses

Nine subjects with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were treated with clozapine, 500 mg/day for at least 3 months. Each was affected by tardive dyskinesia whose severity was reduced significantly after 3 months of treatment but not at earlier monthly assessments. In contrast, psychiatric symptoms were lessened significantly after 1 month. The more delayed improvement of dyskinesia as compared to the pace of psychiatric improvement suggests a differential effect of the drug.
Historical trends in the size of US Olympic female artistic gymnasts.

UNLABELLED The lay press, scientists, and physicians appear to believe that gymnasts are continually getting smaller and that their "smallness" is a health risk. PURPOSE To assess the historical changes in the size and age of the US women's Olympic gymnastics teams from 1956 to 2008. METHODS The official records from the US Olympic Committee and USA Gymnastics of Olympic team members were assessed at 2 levels: individual height, mass, age, and body-mass index (BMI) and the team performance scores and rankings. Fourteen Olympic teams with a total of 106 team members, including the alternates, were included. Trend analyses were conducted using linear and polynomial models. RESULTS Simple linear correlations indicated that since 1956, height, mass, age, BMI, and team Olympic rank have been declining. However, second-order polynomial curve fits indicated that in the last 4 Olympic Games the members of the US women's gymnastics teams have been getting larger. CONCLUSION Women Olympic gymnasts were getting smaller through approximately the 1980s and early 1990s. Since then the size of these gymnasts has increased. The minimum-age rule modifications may have played a role in athlete size changes along with a shift from the near dominance of the former communist Eastern Bloc.
An Algorithm to Optimize Viral Load Testing in HIV-Positive Patients With Suspected First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Failure in Cambodia

Objective:To develop an algorithm for optimal use of viral load testing in patients with suspected first-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure. Methods:Data from a cohort of patients on first-line ART in Cambodia were analyzed in a cross-sectional way to detect markers for treatment failure. Markers with an adjusted likelihood ratio <0.67 or >1.5 were retained to calculate a predictor score. The accuracy of a 2-step algorithm based on this score followed by targeted viral load testing was compared with World Health Organization criteria for suspected treatment failure. Results:One thousand eight hundred three viral load measurements of 764 patients were available for analysis. Prior ART exposure, CD4 count below baseline, 25% and 50% drop from peak CD4 count, hemoglobin drop of ≥1 g/dL, CD4 count <100 cells per microliter after 12 months of treatment, new onset of papular pruritic eruption, and visual analog scale <95% were included in the predictor score. A score ≥2 had the best combination of sensitivity and specificity and required confirmatory viral load testing for only 9% of patients. World Health Organization criteria had a similar sensitivity but a lower specificity and required viral load testing for 24.9% of patients. Conclusion:An algorithm combining a predictor score with targeted viral load testing in patients with an intermediate probability of failure optimizes the use of scarce resources.
The Flying Car—Challenges and Strategies Toward Future Adoption

In recent years, our surface transportation infrastructure is suffering from overuse, extreme traffic congestion, and roadway disrepair. Instead of following the traditional infrastructure expansion policy, current transportation research focuses on developing innovative and novel solutions to the aforementioned issues. Current pathways to overcoming these issues include the gradual transition toward a number of emerging transportation technologies, such as, autonomous motor vehicles for human transport, as well as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV's) and “drone” technologies for surveillance, and package deliveries. However, as a long-term solution, transportation scientists are also investigating the once-seemingly futuristic notion of flying car technology—a convergent form of ground/air vehicle transportation, and assessing associated regulations. In this paper, an extensive review of current literature is conducted to explore the technological capabilities of flying cars—each requiring appropriate regulations and governance—to become fully sustainable. Specifically, issues pertinent to training, safety, environment, navigation, infrastructure, logistics/sustainability, and cybersecurity and human factors are explored. This paper concludes with a preliminary quantitative analysis exploring the public perceptions associated with flying cars—including anticipated benefits, concerns, and willingness to both hire and acquire the technology once available to consumers. Insights offered by this data will help inform next-generation policies and standards associated with the gradual advancement of flying cars.
Validation of the General Medication Adherence Scale in Pakistani Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective The aim was to validate the Urdu version of General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis disease. Methods A 2-month (March–April 2019) cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected out-patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The sample size was calculated using item-subject ratio of 1:20. The scale was evaluated for factorial, concrete, concurrent, and known group validities. Concrete validity was established by correlating scores of EQ-5D quality of life scale and GMAS adherence score. Concurrent validity was established by correlating the GMAS adherence score with pill count. Analyses for sensitivity were also conducted. Cut-off value was determined through receiver operator curve (ROC), and test–retest method was used to analyze internal consistency and reliability. Data were analyzed through IBM SPSS, IBM AMOS, and MedCalc software. The Urdu version of EQ-5D quality of life questionnaire was used with permission from developers (#ID20884). The study was approved by an ethics committee (#NOV:15). Results A total of 351 responses were analyzed. The response rate was 98%. Reliability was in acceptable range, i.e., Cronbach α = 0.797. Factorial validity was established by calculation of satisfactory fit indices. Correlation coefficients for concrete and concurrent validities were ρ = 0.687, p < 0.01 and ρ = 0.779, p < 0.01, respectively. Known group validity was established as significant association of adherence score with insurance and illness duration (p < 0.05) that were reported. Sensitivity of the scale was 94%. Most patients had high adherence (N = 159, 45.3%). Conclusion The Urdu version of GMAS demonstrated adequate internal consistency and was validated. These results indicate that it is an appropriate tool to measure medication adherence in Pakistani patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Gentrification—Gentle or Traumatic? Urban Renewal Policies and Socioeconomic Transformations in Copenhagen

This article contrasts the intentions and outcomes of the publicly instigated and supported urban renewal of Copenhagen's Inner Vesterbro district. Apart from physically upgrading the decaying buildings, the municipality's aim was to include the inhabitants in the urban renewal process and, seemingly, to prevent the dislocation of people from the neighbourhood. However, due to ambiguous policies, the workings of the property market and the lack of sufficient deflecting mechanisms, middle-class inhabitants are now replacing the high concentration of socioeconomically vulnerable people that characterised Vesterbro before the urban renewal. This process may appear `gentle', but it is nonetheless an example of how state and market interact to produce gentrification with `traumatic' consequences for individuals and the city as a socially just space.
A Genomewide Scan for Genetic Structure and Demographic History of Two Closely Related Species, Rhododendron dauricum and R. mucronulatum (Rhododendron, Ericaceae)

Understanding the processes of divergence and speciation is an important task for evolutionary research, and climate oscillations play a pivotal role. We estimated the genetic structure and demographic history of two closely related species of Rhododendron, R. dauricum, and R. mucronulatum, distributed in northeastern China using 664,406 single nucleotide polymorphic loci of specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) and 4 chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragments, sampling 376 individuals from 39 populations of these two species across their geographic distributions. The geographical distribution of cpDNA haplotypes revealed that R. dauricum and R. mucronulatum have different spatial genetic structures and haplotype diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results showed that these two species have significant genetic differentiation and that the phylogeny demonstrates that these two species clustered a monophyletic group based on SLAF data, respectively, but not in cpDNA data. The evidence of significant gene flow was also detected from R. mucronulatum to R. dauricum. A deep divergence between the two species was observed and occurred during the early Oligocene. The niche models showed that the two species have different demographic histories. Thus, our results imply that geography and climate changes played important roles in the evolutionary process of R. dauricum and R. mucronulatum, and although there was an interspecific gene flow, the divergence was maintained by natural selection.