Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are all denumerable sets of numbers order-isomorphic?

In this paper we study cognitive conflicts on the issue of number sets being dense, ordered and denumerable. We first provide historical-epistemological background related to these notions. Then we consider the cognitive conflicts under the lenses of concept image and concept definition, which we use to analyse empirical data collected in order to understand better the didactical and cognitive issues at stake.
RELIABILITY OF SIMPLIFIED MODELING STRATEGIES FOR IN-PLANE WALLS IN URM BUILDINGS USING ASCE 41-13 PROCEDURES

The current ASCE 41-13 standard does not provide recommendations or include references regarding computational modeling strategies for performance-based seismic assessment of in-plane walls in unreinforced masonry buildings. This paper is attempting to fill this research gap through an evaluation of the reliability of three suitable simplified nonlinear modeling approaches for in-plane walls and providing a comprehensive list of references on more complex modeling strategies for masonry buildings. The models -namely nonlinear spring macro-models, equivalent frames and a layered shellswere validated under general monotonic, cyclic quasi-static and earthquake loading on two full-scale wall tests reported in the literature. To demonstrate their practical use, the models were developed in the commercial software SAP2000. The numerical simulations showed that the pushover capacity curve and hysteretic loops for base shear vs. roof displacements were generally in acceptable correlation with the experimental results.
Study of Fingerprint Patterns in North Indian Population

Study of finger prints study for identification is known as Dactylography or Dactyloscopy. With advances in the field of forensic sciences finger prints have been used as a very effective means of establishing identity of the individual. The present study was conducted on 500 subjects reporting in the outpatient department of ITS Dental College Hospital & Research Centre, Greater Noida, UP. The subjects selected were in age range between 15 and 80 years. Fingerprints were obtained using inked stamp pad. Each type of fingerprint pattern was identified and analyzed for gender differences and its distribution in population.
High-grade versus low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary – current differential diagnosis and perspectives

Introduction. Le carcinome séreux est responsable de 47% de tous les cancers de l’ovaire. Parmi ces cas, 5% seulement sont représentés par un carcinome séreux à bas degré, le reste d’entre eux représentant un carcinome séreux à haut degré. Objectifs. Le but de cette étude est une approche observationnelle des différences et des similitudes entre les deux types de carcinome séreux de l’ovaire, qui doivent être considérés comme des formes différentes de cancer et traités avec précaution. Méthodes. Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective utilisant trois cas de carcinome séreux ovarien à haut degré et trois cas de carcinome séreux à bas degré ovarien, diagnostiqués à l’Hôpital Universitaire d’Urgence de Bucarest. Nous avons analysé l’âge des patients, les symptômes cliniques, les caractéristiques ABSTRACT
Equilibrium Signaling: Molecular Communication Robust to Geometry Uncertainties

A basic property of any diffusion-based molecular communication system is the geometry of the enclosing container. In particular, the geometry influences the system’s behavior near the boundary and in all existing modulation schemes governs receiver design. However, it is not always straightforward to characterize the geometry of the system. This is particularly the case when the molecular communication system operates in scenarios where the geometry may be complex or dynamic. In this article, we propose a new scheme—called equilibrium signaling—which is robust to uncertainties in the geometry of the fluid boundary. In particular, receiver design only depends on the relative volumes of the transmitter or receiver, and the entire container. Our scheme relies on reversible reactions in the transmitter and the receiver, which ensure the existence of an equilibrium state into which information is encoded. In this case, we derive near optimal detection rules and develop a simple and effective estimation method to obtain the container volume. We also show that equilibrium signaling can outperform classical modulation schemes, such as concentration shift keying, under practical sampling constraints imposed by biological oscillators.
To Assess the Validity of Leon Williams Facial Forms and Visagism: A Photographic Study

A study was performed to re-evaluate Leon Williams theory and concept of visagism among the undergraduate dental students in our institution. 100 dental students comprising of 50 males and 50 females age group 18-30 years were selected randomly for the study. Two photographs were taken for each student (facial and intraoral photograph) later the dominant temperament of each student was determined using a self-reporting questionnaire which reveals their outlook towards life and hence their personality thus validity of visagism theory was assessed. On the other hand, outline of photograph was traced using adobe photoshop CS5 and Leon Williams typal theory was assessed for its validity. Statistical analysis showed that both theories were relevant for selection of tooth form. But the concept of visagism was proved more appropriate for selection of tooth form compared to Leon Williams typal theory.
Stable Oxygen Isotope Composition Is Biased by Shell Calcification Intensity in Planktonic Foraminifera

Planktonic Foraminifera are widely used for environmental reconstructions through measurements of their shell's geochemical characteristics, including its stable oxygen and carbon isotope composition. Using these parameters as unbiased proxies requires a firm knowledge of all potential confounding factors influencing foraminiferal shell geochemistry. One such parameter is the shell calcification intensity (shell weight normalized for shell size) that may influence the shell δ18O value either bioenergetically (by reducing energy available and required for equilibrium isotope fractionation during faster calcification) or kinetically (by influencing calcification depth through the shell's density contrast with seawater). Specimens from the Globigerinoides ruber/elongatus complex from a sediment trap in the North Atlantic have been used to quantify the influence of shell calcification intensity on shell δ18O values. Shell calcification intensity was found to have a significant effect on the shell stable oxygen isotope composition in all species. Through model fitting, it is suggested that the effect size may be in a range of 1‰ to 2‰ (depending on species, depth migration, and local oceanographic conditions). We show that the confounding effect of shell calcification intensity on stable oxygen isotope composition can be of importance, depending on the anticipated precision of the derived reconstructions. A framework is provided to quantify this effect in future studies.
Identification of Facial Nerve during Parotidectomy: a case series from Indian Sub-continent

Background: Numerous soft tissue and anatomical landmarks have been proposed to assist the surgeon in the early identification of facial nerve However, there is a lack of consensus among surgeons for use of one landmark for reliably identifying the nerve. Objectives: To review and measure the distance from three commonly used landmarks to the main trunk of the facial nerve-1) the posterior belly of digastric muscle (PBDM). 2) the tympanomastoid fissure(TMF). 3). the mastoid origin of sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and to evaluate their consistency in locating facial nerve trunk. Methods: This prospective crosssectional study was carried out among 17 patients with swelling of the parotid gland of neoplastic origin visiting the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery OPD of Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata in collaboration with localized Medical Colleges. A detailed relevant clinical history was taken as per the approved case record form after taking informed consent from the patient. Modified Blair incision was made and anterograde method was followed to locate the facial nerve. After locating the main trunk, shortest distance between the edge of the facial nerve trunk and SCM, PBDM and TMF was measured. Results: Of 17 patients, there were 11 males; age varied from 21-70 years. Fifteen patients were operated for pleomorphic adenoma with one case each of Warthin’s tumor and adenoid cystic carcinoma. The average distance of TMF from FNT was 3.12±0.78. Similarly, mean distance of PBDM and SCM was found to be 9.71±1.86 and 6.06±1.82, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean distances of these three landmarks as per age and sex. Nerve deficit was reported among nine cases, one being severe of these.0 Conclusions: TMF fissure is the closest anatomical landmark to the facial nerve trunk. It can be a reliable guide to locate the FNT near the stylomastoid foramen if identified at an early stage.
A Review on Different Datamining Schemas with their Design Methodologies

: Database design for data warehouses is based on the notion of the snowflake schema and its important special case, the star schema. The snowflake schema represents a dimensional model which is composed of a central fact table and a set of constituent dimension tables which can be further broken up into sub dimension tables. We formalise the concept of a snowflake schema in terms of an acyclic database schema whose join tree satisfies certain structural properties. We then define a normal form for snowflake schemas which captures its intuitive meaning with respect to a set of functional and inclusion dependencies. We show that snowflake schemas in this normal form are independent as well as separable when the relation schemas are pairing wise incomparable. This implies that relations in the data warehouse can be updated independently of each other as long as referential integrity is maintained. In addition, we show that a data warehouse in snowflake normal form can be queried by joining the relation over the fact table with the relations over its dimension and sub dimension tables. We also examine an information-theoretic interpretation of the snowflake schema and show that the redundancy of the primary key of the fact table is zero.
Art Therapy with Veterans: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature with Recommendations

Art therapy has been conducted with military servicemembers and veterans since the beginning of the profession itself. Veterans suffer from a myriad of diagnoses, some of the most prevalent being posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), combat trauma, military sexual trauma (MST), complicated grief, substance abuse, anxiety, and depression. Research exists that underscores the unique and vital role art therapy plays in the treatment of these diagnostic concerns; however, no known comprehensive literature review on the topic exists. An integrative, systematic literature review was conducted to gain an understanding of the format, setting, directives, materials, and approaches being used to treat veterans with art therapy. A total of 85 articles and books with a primary focus on art therapy with veterans were organized using the filing method recommended by Garrard (2011). A literature matrix was used to organize 26 of the publications for comparison and to identify themes among the content. Themes emerged in all categories of the matrix. Notably, it was shown that 68.6% of the 85 pieces of literature had been published in the last five years. Recommendations for future research were made in response to these themes, such as the need to identify the specific therapeutic factors of art therapy rather than simply its efficacy in comparison to more traditional talk therapy approaches. Finally, opportunities were identified to standardize and streamline the use of art therapy with this population, which would benefit both the clients and the replicability of studies to bolster the generalizability and validity of findings.
The Efficient Market Hypothesis: A Review of Precise Literatures

The notion of efficient market hasdominated the stage in finance. Over the years, academic scholars in finance and economics have strived to understudy the underlying conception of efficiency as it ascribed to capital markets. This topic has generated numerous opposing and opposite views and understandings with regard to efficient market hypothesis, some of the views rejected the underlying principles of EMH while others lent credence and support to it. However, a trace of the way in which the studies emerged in the last decade is of paramount importance.This study therefore stretches itself toscrutinize the increasing breadth of empirical works that boarder on the efficiency of markets, taking into consideration the underlying hypothesis. The resolve of the study is that ascertaining efficiency of market per time is cumbersome thereby raising thelikelihood that, because of vagaries in market environment, uncertainty surrounding economic settings, new modalities, theories and model as a frame work should be figured out so as to capture various emerging changes and challenges. To this end, more effort should be employed towards empirical studies to actually ascertain whether the efficiency of capital markets is informational driven.
A FAST AND DIRECT ALGORITHM FOR STRUCTURAL DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION BASED ON MODIFIED MODAL RESIDUAL FORCE

Structural damage detection is the most important part of a structural health monitoring program which has been devoted to damage identification by analyzing recorded data from monitored structure. Among different methods which have been proposed for damage identification, vibration-based methods are more preferred. This is due to a rational and one-to-one relation which exists between vibrational data and damage features. Despite the availability of various vibration-based methods which use different computational strategies for damage localization and quantification, proposing fast and practical approach for identifying structural damages is more desirable in the field of structural maintenance. In this paper, a fast damage prognosis method is proposed to detect and estimate structural damages in shear frame structures. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm relies on turning the tri-diagonal stiffness matrix of a shear frame into a diagonal matrix by means of the diagonalization method. This transform results in a modification on the modal residual force vector which causes to formulate a direct damage detection approach. Finally, the computation of damage severity is defined and established by a fast, simple, and direct concept which is able to quantify damage magnitude in a high level of accuracy. The important advantages of the presented algorithm are its simplicity and fast speed in the determination of damage severity in comparison with soft-computingand optimization-based damage identification methods. To demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed approach, a 25-story shear frame was numerically considered with different damage scenarios. In addition, the performance of the presented approach was demonstrated when the measured modal data is contaminated with different levels of random noises. In order to validate the application of the damage diagnosis method in real structures, a five-story building structure on a shaking table was considered. Most of the obtained results from the numerical and experimental studies show the good performance and reliability of the presented method for damage identification and estimation and introduced it as a fast and powerful method for damage diagnosis in engineering structures that have a tri-diagonal stiffness matrix.
Sodium Consumption And The Role Of Nursing In Heart Failure

ÖZET Kalp yetersizliği (KY), hem ülkemizde hem de dünyada insidans ve prevelans açısından yüksek oranlara sahip, yaşla birlikte görülme sıklığı artan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Etiyolojisinde pek çok kronik hastalık olmakla birlikte en yaygın nedeni koroner arter hastalıkları ve hipertansiyon olan KY’nde özellikle yüksek kan basıncı (KB) hastalık gelişiminin en önemli belirleyicilerindendir. Ayrıca yüksek sodyum içerikli besinlerin tüketimi de bağımsız bir risk etmeni olarak düşünülmektedir. Özellikle hipertansif olgularda alınan sodyum miktarının artması KY gelişimine zemin oluşturmakta, mortalite ve morbiditenin artmasına neden olmaktadır. Kalp yetersizliğinde mortalite ve morbiditenin azaltılması için çeşitli kılavuzlarda diyetle alınan sodyum miktarının kısıtlanması önerilmektedir. Bu derlemede, KY ve sodyum ilişkisi, diyette sodyum kısıtlamasının KY üzerine etkisi ve hemşirenin rolü üzerinde durulmuştur.
Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis of palm oil fatty acid composition in an interspecific pseudo-backcross from Elaeis oleifera (HBK) Cort,s and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

We chose an Elaeis interspecific pseudo-backcross of first generation (E. oleifera × E. guineensis) × E. guineensis to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fatty acid composition of palm oil. A dense microsatellite linkage map of 362 loci spanned 1.485 cM, representing the 16 pairs of homologous chromosomes in the Elaeis genus from which we traced segregating alleles from both E. oleifera and E. guineensis grandparents. The relative linear orders of mapped loci suggested the probable absence of chromosome rearrangements between the E. oleifera and E. guineensis genomes. A total of 19 QTL associated to the palm oil fatty acid composition were evidenced. The QTL positions and the species origin as well as the estimated effects of the QTL marker alleles were in coherence with the knowledge of the oil biosynthesis pathway in plants and with the individual phenotypic correlations between the traits. The mapping of chosen Elaeis key genes related to oleic acid C18:1, using intra-gene SNPs, supported several QTLs underlying notably FATA and SAD enzymes. The high number of hyper-variable SSR loci of known relative linear orders and the QTL information make these resources valuable for such mapping study in other Elaeis breeding materials.
A Case Study: Secondary Syphilis with HIV

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema Pallidum subspecies Pallidum. According to WHO the annual global incidence of syphilis is approximately 12.2 million cases . There is a strong epidemiological association between syphilis and HIV infection. Syphilis is common among patient with HIV infection and converse is also true. Therefore, we present here a case of Secondary Syphilis with HIV. A 22 year old male student came with multiple generalised asymptomatic skin lesions. Diagnosis was confirmed by serological studiesRPR (Reactive), TPHA (Positive), HIV 1&2 (Reactive).
Investigations in the aetiology and pathophysiology of sago haemolytic disease

Sago haemolytic disease (SHD) is a suspected mycotoxocosis that causes acute and sometime fatal intravascular haemolysis and has only been described in Papua New Guinea (Taufa, 1974; Donovan et al., 1977). Although much is yet to be revealed about this condition, the main risk factor is the consumption of stale sago starch, a food stuff which is the staple carbohydrate for rural Papua New Guineans. It is thought that fungi that colonise the sago are responsible for the haemolytic compound that cleaves red cell membrane proteins. The condition often manifests in family clusters and a genetic predisposition has been postulated. Melanesian Ovalocytosis (MO), also known as South East Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO), is a autosomal recessive genetic disorder expressing a red cell membrane band 3 deletion in individuals who have inherited the gene responsible. The condition is subclinical but common in rural PNG where it is thought to offer some malaria protection (Bruce et al., 2000). It is reasonable to assume that as this condition is widespread in rural PNG where SHD is endemic, it may a confounding predisposing factor to the manifestation of the acute haemoltyic crisis. A number of organisms implicated in SHD have been isolated and crude haemolytic compounds were isolated as per methods of Bernheimer (Bernheimer, 1988). Red cell membrane ghosts where prepared from individuals with and without the MO band 3 deletion and exposed to the toxins. Proteins were separated using Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and the activity of the toxin was demonstrated by the cleaving of band known to be present through comparison with untreated controls. Although cleavage of bands was demonstrated by various toxin compounds no discernable difference could be identified between the two groups. This may suggest that MO is not involved as a host factor which predisposes SHD, although further studies are required to elucidate this finding.
Politeness Transfer: A Tag and Generate Approach

This paper introduces a new task of politeness transfer which involves converting non-polite sentences to polite sentences while preserving the meaning. We also provide a dataset of more than 1.39 instances automatically labeled for politeness to encourage benchmark evaluations on this new task. We design a tag and generate pipeline that identifies stylistic attributes and subsequently generates a sentence in the target style while preserving most of the source content. For politeness as well as five other transfer tasks, our model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on automatic metrics for content preservation, with a comparable or better performance on style transfer accuracy. Additionally, our model surpasses existing methods on human evaluations for grammaticality, meaning preservation and transfer accuracy across all the six style transfer tasks. The data and code is located at https://github.com/tag-and-generate.
Colorectal Cancer Screening in Veterans Affairs

Each year, eligible veterans are referred to the gastroenterology department for colorectal cancer screening, primarily for colonoscopy. Once the colonoscopy is completed and is found to be unremarkable, the patient is asked to return in 10 years for a follow-up colonoscopy. However, if problems are found on the original colonoscopy, such as polyps, the patient enters a surveillance period where more frequent colonoscopy monitoring occurs. While primary care providers are aware of the monitoring guidelines, many providers unnecessarily order fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) during this period of surveillance. Unnecessary costs to the Veterans Affairs Health System (VAHS) include cost of the kit, time for the provider to order the test, technician time to run the test, patient mailing costs to send the kit to the patient, patient time and expense to return the kit, and time interpreting and reporting the results, which ultimately do not change the course of treatment. This project assessed retroactive VAHS data on appropriate utilization of the FIT. Results showed that within the Veteran Affairs Sacramento system, inappropriate FIT utilization existed. Interventions, such as annual colorectal cancer symposiums and ongoing training as part of educational efforts to increase knowledge of guidelines, were implemented. Post-intervention data indicated the effectiveness of interventions through an 8% decrease in the rate of inappropriate FIT ordering. Ensuring appropriate utilization of the FIT improves standardization of care and decreases health care costs.