Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A non-stationary geometry-based scattering model for street vehicle-to-vehicle wideband MIMO channels

In this paper, a non-stationary geometry-based scattering model for street wideband multi-input multi-output (MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) fading channel is proposed. It is assumed that the static scatterers on the both roadside are uniformly distributed on time-varying ellipses, and the mobile scatterers are uniformly distributed in time-varying segment of the road. To avoid complicated procedure in deriving the analytical expressions of the channel parameters and functions, the channel is realized first, then the time-varying channel properties and parameters are investigated. In this work, we extend the proposed narrowband model to wideband and also introduce the carrrier frequency and bandwidth into the model.
Coordination strategies for distributed resources as frequency containment reserves

Distributed resources are increasingly considered to be potential reserves for frequency control but some of these resources, such as demand response (DR) and battery energy storage systems (BESS), are limited in energy capacity. This may complicate their utilization in a frequency containment process if the power system does not have a proper strategy to coordinate and maintain the system frequency. In this paper, we examine the resources provided by refrigerators and BESS, and argue that with proper frequency coordination the contribution of these resources to frequency containment reserves (FCR) can be improved. Two distinctive cases are compared: one where the power system has an automatic process for frequency restoration and the other where such a process does not exist. In the latter case, the resources need to cope with the long lasting frequency deviations locally. The study is based on the simulation of different control strategies and the frequency measured in the Nordic power system. The results indicate that a proper frequency restoration strategy can enhance the potential of distributed resources as FCR.
Microbial acceleration of aerobic pyrite oxidation at circumneutral pH

Pyrite (FeS2) is the most abundant sulfide mineral on Earth and represents a significant reservoir of reduced iron and sulfur both today and in the geologic past. In modern environments, oxidative transformations of pyrite and other metal sulfides play a key role in terrestrial element partitioning with broad impacts to contaminant mobility and the formation of acid mine drainage systems. Although the role of aerobic micro‐organisms in pyrite oxidation under acidic‐pH conditions is well known, to date there is very little known about the capacity for aerobic micro‐organisms to oxidize pyrite at circumneutral pH. Here, we describe two enrichment cultures, obtained from pyrite‐bearing subsurface sediments, that were capable of sustained cell growth linked to pyrite oxidation and sulfate generation at neutral pH. The cultures were dominated by two Rhizobiales species (Bradyrhizobium sp. and Mesorhizobium sp.) and a Ralstonia species. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and genome reconstruction indicated the presence of Fe and S oxidation pathways in these organisms, and the presence of a complete Calvin–Benson–Bassham CO2 fixation system in the Bradyrhizobium sp. Oxidation of pyrite resulted in thin (30–50 nm) coatings of amorphous Fe(III) oxide on the pyrite surface, with no other secondary Fe or S phases detected by electron microscopy or X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Rates of microbial pyrite oxidation were approximately one order of magnitude higher than abiotic rates. These results demonstrate the ability of aerobic microbial activity to accelerate pyrite oxidation and expand the potential contribution of micro‐organisms to continental sulfide mineral weathering around the time of the Great Oxidation Event to include neutral‐pH environments. In addition, our findings have direct implications for the geochemistry of modern sedimentary environments, including stimulation of the early stages of acid mine drainage formation and mobilization of pyrite‐associated metals.
A new application of compressive sensing in MRI

Image formation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the procedure which allows the generation of the image starting from data acquired in the so called k-space. At the present, many image formation techniques have been presented, working with different k-space filling strategies. Recently, Compressive Sampling (CS) has been successfully used for image formation from non fully sampled k-space acquisitions, due to its interesting property of reconstructing signal from highly undetermined linear systems. The main advantage consists in greatly reducing the acquisition time. Within this manuscript, a novel application of CS to MRI field is presented, named Intra Voxel Analysis (IVA). The idea is to achieve the so-called super resolution, i.e. the possibility of distinguish anatomical structures smaller than the spatial resolution of the image. For this aim, multiple Spin Echo images acquired with different Echo Times are required. The output of the algorithm is the estimation of the number of contributions present in the same pixel, i.e. the number of tissues inside the same voxel, and their spin-spin relaxation times. This allows us not only to identify the number of involved tissues, but also to discriminate them. At the present, simulated case studies have been considered, obtaining interesting and promising results. In particular, a study on the required number of images, on the estimation noise and on the regularization parameter of different CS algorithms has been conducted. As future work, the method will be applied to real clinical datasets, in order to validate the estimations.
Optimizing the early treatment of a threatening myocardial infarction

Acute myocardial infarction is the single most common cause of death for both women and men in Sweden. Great efforts have, over the years, been made to improve immediate treatment and care of acute coronary syndromes. Through fast and efficient chest pain care we know that we can minimize myocardial damage and improve outcome and prognosis. In this thesis we have focused on the early chain of care in patients with a threatening myocardial infarction. In five papers we describe chest pain care in our community with regard to the gender-, the foreign-, the age and the comorbidity perspective. We have also investigated predictors of direct admittance to a coronary care unit and predictors of mortality. Regarding the gender perspective, women with chest pain were older as compared to men. Women were not admitted to a coronary care unit as often as men and there were longer delays to the right level of care and to performance of coronary angiography among women. However, a final acute coronary syndrome diagnosis was more common in the male group. Among women, who actually had an acute coronary syndrome and were admitted to a coronary care unit, gender differences were minor or even non-existent. In non-Swedish speaking chest pain patients we found a higher prevalence of diabetes and previous stroke, placing them at increased risk also for coronary heart disease. Poorer language proficiency was associated with longer delay time from arrival in hospital to admission to a coronary care unit or catheterization laboratory. Maybe this prolonged delay is due to communication difficulties and there could be room for improvements by increased use of interpreters. The strongest predictor for admittance to a coronary care unit was a prehospital ECG suggesting acute occlusion of a coronary vessel. Interestingly, these patients had lower 1-year mortality. The future challenge is to improve early cardiac care for the large infarction-group with poor prognosis but without such alarming ECG signs. In the municipality of Gothenburg there are three hospitals offering emergency care for chest pain patients. In our studies we found differences between these hospitals especially with regard to delays to coronary angiography in presumed acute coronary syndrome patients. Our data highlight logistical problems that our health care system has to deal with in order to improve chest pain care and to follow current guidelines. Hopefully our findings will improve the early treatment of a threatening myocardial infarction and hopefully other communities can learn from our experience. Our goal is an efficient and equitable chest pain care despite age, gender, ethnicity and geographical belongings.
Optimización práctica: modelos del proceso de operación de un embalse

En este trabajo se describen problemas relacionados a procesos de operacion de un embalse que pueden ser modelados y resueltos usando tecnicas de la optimizacion. El objetivo primordial es mostrar como la optimizacion se relaciona con problemas del mundo real a traves de la formulacion de modelos matematicos y como se vinculan la teoria y los algoritmos, a partir de la resolucion numerica de los modelos y la interpretacion de los resultados obtenidos. Puesto que se observa la necesidad del desarrollo de aplicaciones reales en la ensenanza de la optimizacion, los problemas presentados se proponen como proyecto a los alumnos de asignaturas donde se desarrollen topicos como programacion lineal y no lineal. Si bien la caracteristica de la tematica involucrada hace que los problemas esten especialmente dirigidos a alumnos de las diferentes orientaciones de la ingenieria, pueden ser formulados igualmente, como practica para alumnos de licenciatura en matematica. Asimismo, se espera que, con la informacion proporcionada, el alumno formule adecuadamente los modelos, los resuelva numericamente a traves del uso de softwares disponibles y realice el analisis e interpretacion de los resultados obtenidos
Traffic accident reconstruction and an approach for prediction of fault rates using artificial neural networks: A case study in Turkey

ABSTRACT Objective: Currently, in Turkey, fault rates in traffic accidents are determined according to the initiative of accident experts (no speed analyses of vehicles just considering accident type) and there are no specific quantitative instructions on fault rates related to procession of accidents which just represents the type of collision (side impact, head to head, rear end, etc.) in No. 2918 Turkish Highway Traffic Act (THTA 1983). The aim of this study is to introduce a scientific and systematic approach for determination of fault rates in most frequent property damage–only (PDO) traffic accidents in Turkey. Methods: In this study, data (police reports, skid marks, deformation, crush depth, etc.) collected from the most frequent and controversial accident types (4 sample vehicle–vehicle scenarios) that consist of PDO were inserted into a reconstruction software called vCrash. Sample real-world scenarios were simulated on the software to generate different vehicle deformations that also correspond to energy-equivalent speed data just before the crash. These values were used to train a multilayer feedforward artificial neural network (MFANN), function fitting neural network (FITNET, a specialized version of MFANN), and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) models within 10-fold cross-validation to predict fault rates without using software. The performance of the artificial neural network (ANN) prediction models was evaluated using mean square error (MSE) and multiple correlation coefficient (R). Results: It was shown that the MFANN model performed better for predicting fault rates (i.e., lower MSE and higher R) than FITNET and GRNN models for accident scenarios 1, 2, and 3, whereas FITNET performed the best for scenario 4. The FITNET model showed the second best results for prediction for the first 3 scenarios. Because there is no training phase in GRNN, the GRNN model produced results much faster than MFANN and FITNET models. However, the GRNN model had the worst prediction results. The R values for prediction of fault rates were close to 1 for all folds and scenarios. Conclusions: This study focuses on exhibiting new aspects and scientific approaches for determining fault rates of involvement in most frequent PDO accidents occurring in Turkey by discussing some deficiencies in THTA and without regard to initiative and/or experience of experts. This study yields judicious decisions to be made especially on forensic investigations and events involving insurance companies. Referring to this approach, injury/fatal and/or pedestrian-related accidents may be analyzed as future work by developing new scientific models.
Protein Phosphatase Type 1-Interacting Protein Ysw1 Is Involved in Proper Septin Organization and Prospore Membrane Formation during Sporulation

ABSTRACT Sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a developmental process in which four haploid spores are generated inside a diploid cell. Gip1, a sporulation-specific targeting subunit of protein phosphatase type 1, together with its catalytic subunit, Glc7, colocalizes with septins along the extending prospore membrane and is required for septin organization and spore wall formation. However, the mechanism by which Gip1-Glc7 phosphatase promotes these events is unclear. We show here that Ysw1, a sporulation-specific coiled-coil protein, has a functional relationship to Gip1-Glc7 phosphatase. Overexpression of YSW1 partially suppresses the sporulation defect of a temperature-sensitive allele of gip1. Ysw1 interacts with Gip1 in a two-hybrid assay, and this interaction is required for suppression. Ysw1 tagged with green fluorescent protein colocalizes with septins and Gip1 along the extending prospore membrane during spore formation. Sporulation is partially defective in ysw1Δ mutant, and cytological analysis revealed that septin structures are perturbed and prospore membrane extension is aberrant in ysw1Δ cells. These results suggest that Ysw1 functions with the Gip1-Glc7 phosphatase to promote proper septin organization and prospore membrane formation.
Characterization of a Complex Chromosomal Rearrangement Involving a de novo Duplication of 9p and 9q and a Deletion of 9q

Rearrangements of the distal region of 9p are important chromosome imbalances in human beings. Trisomy 9p is the fourth most frequent chromosome anomaly and is a clinically recognizable syndrome. Kleefstra syndrome, previously named 9q subtelomeric deletion syndrome, is either caused by a submicroscopic deletion in 9q34.3 or an intragenic mutation of EHMT1. We report a Mexican male patient with abnormal development, dysmorphism, systemic anomalies and a complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR). GTG-banding revealed a 46,XY,add(9)(q34.3) karyotype, whereas array analysis resulted in arr[hg19] 9p24.3p23(203,861-11,842,172)×3, 9q34.3(138,959,881-139,753,294)×3, 9q34.3(139,784,913-141,020,389)×1. Array and karyotype analyses were normal in both parents. Partial duplication of 9p is one of the most commonly detected autosomal structural abnormalities in liveborn infants. A microdeletion in 9q34.3 corresponds to Kleefstra syndrome, whereas a microduplication in 9q34.3 shows a great clinical variability. Here, we present a CCR in a patient with multiple congenital anomalies who represents the first case with partial 9p trisomy, partial 9q trisomy and partial 9q monosomy.
Derivation of Dendritic Cells from Myeloid and Lymphoid Precursors

The antigen presenting dendritic cells (DC) found in mouse and human lymphoid tissues are heterogeneous. Several subsets of mature DC have been described and these may correspond to distinct lineages. In this review, we present evidence obtained from a series of studies on the lineage origin of DC. This evidence points to the existence of at least three pathways for DC development, namely one from mycloid progenitors, a second from lymphoid progenitors and the third for Langerhans cells from precursors whose relationship to myeloid or lymphoid cell types is not yet clearly defined.
Location and properties of respiratory neurones with putative intrinsic bursting properties in the rat in situ

Using the in situ arterially perfused preparations of both neonatal and juvenile rats, we provide the first description of the location, morphology and transmitter content of a population of respiratory neurones that retains a bursting behaviour after ionotropic receptor blockade. All burster neurones exhibited an inspiratory discharge during eupnoeic respiration. These neurones were predominantly glutamatergic, and were located within a region of the ventral respiratory column that encompasses the pre‐Bötzinger complex and the more caudally located ventral respiratory group. Bursting behaviour was both voltage and persistent sodium current dependent and could be stimulated by sodium cyanide to activate this persistent sodium current. The population of burster neurones may overlap with that previously described in the neonatal slice in vitro. Based upon the present and previous findings, we hypothesize that this burster discharge may be released when the brain is subject to severe hypoxia or ischaemia, and that this burster discharge could underlie gasping.
ENDOSCOPIC BALLOON DILATATION USING DOUBLE‐BALLOON ENDOSCOPY IS A USEFUL AND SAFE TREATMENT FOR SMALL INTESTINAL STRICTURES IN CROHN'S DISEASE

Background: Endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) is a therapeutic option for intestinal strictures of Crohn's disease (CD). Double‐balloon endoscopy (DBE) enables EBD to be performed even for deep‐situated strictures of the small intestine. The aim of this study was to clarify the efficacy and safety of EBD using DBE for small bowel strictures in patients with CD.
Effects of Glaucoma on Chrna6 Expression in the Retina

Purpose: Recent advances in technology now provide tools capable of tracking genome-wide expression changes occurring in progressive pathological processes. The present experiments were carried out to determine if acetylcholine receptor α 6 subunit (Chrna6) is a reliable retinal ganglion cell (RGC) marker in adult mouse eyes and if Chrna6 expression can be used to track progressive loss of RGCs, such as is observed in the DBA/2J glaucoma model. Methods: Data sets derived from the BXD strains were used to extract gene expression signatures for RGCs. Pooled retinas from DBA/2J or C57BL/6J cases at 1–3 months, 12 months, and 16–17 months were prepared for gene-array and RT-PCR analysis. Globes were fixed in paraformaldehyde and sectioned for immunofluorescence with antibodies against Chrna6. Results: Chrna6 has a cellular expression signature for RGCs with high correlation to Thy1 (r = 0.65), a recognized RGC marker. Immunofluorescence experiments confirm that in the young and adult mouse retina, Chrna6 is preferentially expressed by RGCs. We further show that C3H/HeJ retinas, which lack photoreceptors, also express Chrna6 in the RGC layer. Gene expression array analyses, confirmed by RT-PCR, show progressive loss of Chrna6 expression in retinas of the DBA/2J glaucomatous mouse retinas. Conclusions: Quantitative trait locus analysis provides support for Chrna6 as a RGC marker. Chrna6 expression decreases with death of RGCs in glaucomatous DBA/2J mice and after optic nerve crush injury, further supporting Chrna6 as a reliable RGC marker. High expression of RGC Chrna6 in the absence of photoreceptors is suggestive that Chrna6 expression by RGCs is independent of photoreceptor-derived stimuli.
[Vertigo, dizziness and falls in the elderly].

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to find cause of dizziness, vertigo and falls in old age and to propose treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted from October 2003 to March 2004 with 100 patients over the age of 75 years: 72 women and 28 men. They complained of unsteadiness, vertigo, or falls. RESULTS In this group of patients, 68% were found to have benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, 9% neurologic problems, 5% Meniere disease, 4% vestibular areflexia, 8% a rare cause such as a psychiatric or vascular disorder, and no cause was found in 6%. The diagnosis of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is difficult in the elderly because vertigo is often missing and unsteadiness or falls only feeled. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that dizziness or unsteadiness in the elderly must be explored by a complete vestibular examination and treated to improve the well-being of these patients.
An automated control system neuroregulator synthesis for a linear electromagnet motor based turnout

The article is devoted to control system development for a turnout electric drive based on a linear electromechanical energy converter as the main tool in the research on electromagnetic-type linear motor operation modes. The problems solved in the article are validation of neural control application for a linear electromagnetic-type motor; synthesis of a neurocontroller for the motor considered; development of a turnout electric drive simulation model with the neural control system application; obtaining of dynamic characteristics of the neural control electric drive.
School Screening for Middle Ear Effusions

Early detection of middle ear effusions is highly desirable not only from a medical standpoint, but also educationally, psychologically and socially. Present methods do not appear to be adequate and the proposal has been made that impedance measurement may be of greater effectiveness in detecting abnormalities of middle ear function. Eighty children have been studied over a period of six to seven years during which time the middle ear function has been monitored by means of an impedance meter. Approximately one-half of the children have not indicated any variation in middle ear function over the period of observation. About one-third of the children have had isolated episodes of effusion from which they have recovered spontaneously and without adverse effects. The remaining one-sixth have had repeated episodes of effusion or persistent middle ear malfunction for substantial periods of time. Observation of the middle ear muscle reflexes at suitably chosen time intervals appears to have promise as a method of early detection of effusion in the middle ear.
Influence of stimulus waveforms of high-frequency electrical current on nerve conduction block

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of monophasic, biphasic symmetric, and biphasic asymmetric balanced rectangular stimulus waveforms utilized in high-frequency electrical conduction block of nerve fibers. From the animal studies, we found that blocking stimulus with monophasic or biphasic asymmetric waveform at varied blocking current amplitudes showed better blocking effect, which can manipulate the maximal available torque up to 99%. However, the blocking effect of biphasic symmetric waveform only had up to 73%. In muscle fatigue tests, the reactive torque resulted from biphasic symmetric stimulus exhibited a rapid decreasing fatigue curve when compared to the curves induced by other tested waveforms. All those results demonstrated that the stimulus waveform was an important factor affected the nerve blocking efficiency and muscle fatigue pattern.
Learning from neighbours for saliency optimization

Saliency maps computed by each salient object detection algorithm show similar effect against ground truth. Therefore this paper proposes to optimize the saliency value of each pixel based on the saliency values of its neighbouring pixels. It proposes a machine learning-based method to learn the relationship between ground truth and saliency maps and among saliency values of neighbouring pixels. Then it applies the learned models to a new saliency map and then confines the fitted values to the legitimate range to obtain the optimized saliency map. The optimized saliency map is closer to the ground truth and better than the original saliency map. The experimental results show that the values of many saliency evaluation metrics improved significantly and some of them remained unchanged. They illustrate that the proposed algorithm is suitable for optimizing many salient object detection algorithms.