Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current opinions on penicilin and other beta-lactam antibiotic allergies

Penisilin ve di¤er beta-laktam antibiyotikler insanlarda alerjik tepkilera yol acan ilaclar›n bafl›nda gelir. ‹nsanlar›n yaklafl›k %10’u penisilinlere alerjik oldu¤unu ifade etse de yap›lan testlerle bunlar›n %90’›nda gercek bir alerjinin olmad›¤› gosterilmifltir (1, 2). Ote yandan, hastalar›n penisilinlere duyarl› olduklar›n› cok s›k ifade etmeleri ve doktorlar›n da bunu test etmeden kabul etmeleri sonucu hastalara do¤ru ilac›n verilmemesinin yan› s›ra, gereksiz ve pahal› ilaclar da verilebilmektedir. Onun icin doktorlar›n gercekten penisilin alerjisi olan hastalar›n› riske atmamak ve gercekten alerji yok iken gereksiz yere pahal› antibiyotik kullanmamak icin betalaktam antibiyotiklere ba¤l› ilac alerjilerini her yonuyle ve do¤ru bilmeleri gereklidir. ‹nsan vucuduna al›nan penisilin molekulu fizyolojik koflullarda parcalan›r ve urunlerin %95’i bir penisilol cekirde¤i iceren ana antijenik belirleyicilere (determinant) (MAAB) donuflur. Geri kalan %5’lik k›s›m ise penisiloat ve peniloat gibi kucuk antijenik belirleyicilere (M‹AB) donuflur. Penisilin G de bir M‹AB olarak kabul edilir (3). Anafilaksi gibi ciddi alerjik tepkilerin co¤undan M‹AB sorumludur (4). Bundan dolay› penisilin alerjisinin tan›s›nda hem MAAB hem de M‹AB ile deri testleri yap›lmal›d›r. Cok yayg›n kullan›lan di¤er iki penisilin turevi olan ampisilin ve amoksisilin ile testler ise bu ilaclar›n ticari orneklerinin 1-20 mg/mL olacak flekilde suland›r›lmas› ile yap›labilir (5). Sefalosporinler, ozellikle ulkemizde giderek daha s›k kullan›lan bir ilac grubudur. Molekul yap›s› penisilinlere cok benzer. Penisilin molekulundeki befl uyeli tiyazolidin yerine alt› uyeli dihidrotiyazin halkas› bulunur (fiekil 1 ve 2). Sefalosporinlerle, penisilinlere k›yasla daha az anafilaksi olgusu bildirilmifltir (6). Sefalosporinlerin antijenik belirleyicileri bilinemedi¤i icin penisilinlerin aksine bu ilaclarla test icin so-
Single sensor multi-spectral imaging

This dissertation presents the benefits of using a multispectral Single Sensor Camera (SSC) that, simultaneously acquire images in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) bands. The principal benefits while addressing problems related to image bands in the spectral range of 400 to 1100 nanometers, there are cost reductions in the hardware setup because only one SSC is needed instead of two; moreover, the cameras’ calibration and images alignment are not required anymore. Concerning to the NIR spectrum, even though this band is close to the visible band and shares many properties, the sensor sensitivity is material dependent due to different behavior of absorption/reflectance capturing a given scene compared to visible channels. Many works in literature have proven the benefits of working with NIR to enhance RGB images (e.g., image enhancement, dehazing, etc.). In spite of the advantage of using SSC (e.g., low latency), there are some drawbacks to be solved. One of these drawbacks corresponds to the nature of the silicon-based sensor, which in addition to capturing the RGB image when the infrared cut off filter is not installed it also acquires NIR information into the visible image. This phenomenon is called RGB and NIR crosstalking. This thesis firstly faces this problem in challenging images and then it shows the benefit of using multispectral images in the edge detection task. Then, three methods based on CNN have been proposed for edge detection. While the first one is based on the most used model, holistically-nested edge detection (HED) termed as multispectral HED (MS-HED), the other two have been proposed observing the drawbacks of MS-HED. These two novel architectures have been designed from scratch; after the first architecture is validated in the visible domain a slight redesign is proposed to tackle the multispectral domain. A dataset is collected to face this problem with SSCs. Even though edge detection is confronted in the multispectral domain, its qualitative and quantitative evaluation demonstrates the generalization in other datasets used for edge detection, improving state-of-the-art results. One of the main properties of this proposal is to show that the edge detection problem can be tackled by just training the proposed architecture one-time while validating it in other datasets.
Bidirectional synaptic plasticity rapidly modifies hippocampal representations

Learning requires neural adaptations thought to be mediated by activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. A relatively non-standard form of synaptic plasticity driven by dendritic plateau potentials has been reported to underlie place field formation in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Here we found that this behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity (BTSP) can also reshape existing place fields via bidirectional synaptic weight changes that depend on the temporal proximity of plateau potentials to pre-existing place fields. When evoked near an existing place field, plateau potentials induced less synaptic potentiation and more depression, suggesting BTSP might depend inversely on postsynaptic activation. However, manipulations of place cell membrane potential and computational modeling indicated that this anti-correlation actually results from a dependence on current synaptic weight such that weak inputs potentiate and strong inputs depress. A network model implementing this bidirectional synaptic learning rule suggested that BTSP enables population activity, rather than pairwise neuronal correlations, to drive neural adaptations to experience.
La technologie de la chaîne de blocs (blockchain) : catalyseur ou inhibiteur de l’économie collaborative?

Cette étude présente les impacts potentiels de la technologie de la chaîne de blocs sur l’économiecollaborative. L’article se divise en deux grandes parties, toutes deux issues du croisement entre l’économiecollaborative et la technologie de la chaîne de blocs. La première partie s’intéresse à la consommation collaborative, caractérisée par un accroissement des échanges de pair à pair, par une utilisation accrue des nouvelles technologies et par une redéfinition des activités commerciales, tandis que la seconde partie examine les implications organisationnelles et managériales de la chaîne de blocs pour la gouvernance, pour les coûts detransaction et pour la confiance des usagers.
Ensemble learning of high dimension datasets

Ensemble learning, an approach in Machine Learning, makes decisions based on the collective decision of a committee of learners to solve complex tasks with minimal human intervention. Advances in computing technology have enabled researchers build datasets with the number of features in the order of thousands and enabled building more accurate predictive models. Unfortunately, high dimensional datasets are especially challenging for machine learning due to the phenomenon dubbed as the “curse of dimensionality”. One approach to overcoming this challenge is ensemble learning using Random Subspace (RS) method, which has been shown to perform very well empirically however with few theoretical explanations to said effectiveness for classification tasks. In this thesis, we aim to provide theoretical insights into RS ensemble classifiers to give a more in-depth understanding of the theoretical foundations of other ensemble classifiers. We investigate the conditions for norm-preservations in RS projections. Insights into this provide us with the theoretical basis for RS in algorithms that are based on the geometry of the data (i.e. clustering, nearest-neighbour). We then investigate the guarantees for the dot products of two random vectors after RS projection. This guarantee is useful to capture the geometric structure of a classification problem. We will then investigate the accuracy of a majority vote ensemble using a generalized Polya-Urn model, and how the parameters of the model are derived from diversity measures. We will discuss the practical implications of the model, explore the noise tolerance of ensembles, and give a plausible explanation for the effectiveness of ensembles. We will provide empirical corroboration for our main results with both synthetic and real-world high-dimensional data. We will also discuss the implications of our theory on other applications (i.e. compressive sensing). Based on vii our results, we will propose a method of building ensembles for Deep Neural Network image classifications using RS projections without needing to retrain the neural network, which showed improved accuracy and very good robustness to adversarial examples. Ultimately, we hope that the insights gained in this thesis would make in-roads towards the answer to a key open question for ensemble classifiers, “When will an ensemble of weak learners outperform a single carefully tuned learner? ”
Developing The Pointer Backward-Forward Algorithm In Token Of Test In Text To Know The Level Of Individual Depression

The way you move and sleep, interact with people around you, depression change everything. This even looks at the way you talk and express yourself in writing. Sometimes this “depression language” can have a strong effect to others. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is one of the fields of computer science, artificial intelligence, and language (linguistics) related to the interaction between computers and natural human languages, such as Indonesian or English. The main objective of the NLP study is to make a machine that is able to know and understand the meaning of language, lexical analysis has the role of reading input characters and generating output tokens and making spaces, tabs, newlines and connecting rows of programs. However, the problems will occur when lexical analyzers where lexical is not able to determine when there are misspellings on tokens. Therefore, with the development of the backward-forward pointer algorithm, it is expected that in the future it will be easier to analyze both the words in front, in the middle and behind, so that the machine can quickly determine the individual depression level of speech tokens and speech tones.
Circular Abdominoplasty (Belt Lipectomy) in Obese Patients

Circular abdominoplasty, belt lipectomy, 360° abdominoplasty and lower body lift are all synonyms of a body contouring procedure with the aim of sculpting the torso, modifying abdominal contour, loins and lower back contours. Apart from buttock lifting and affecting lateral thighs, these procedures tremendously affect patients’ waist size and body image. In the literature, different incision levels, different dissection extents according to the sex of the patient, with different areas of anatomical adherence and different modifications like buttock enhancement by de-epithelialized lower back flaps are described. Most of these operations target post-weight reduction patients. Still these procedures can be performed in obese patients, either after failed diet control, failed bariatric surgery or patients refusing GIT operations though seeking lifestyle modifi‐ cation through body contouring. A group of patients with obesity affecting pre-, intra-and post-operative course, with increased complication rate, when performed with a knowing what-to-do team takes about 3–4 hours. However, with the help of anaesthe-tists accustomed to this risky group of patients, it could be executed safely and efficiently.
Osteoporosis and aging : Geriatric orthopaedics

Osteoporosis is 1 of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders afflicting the elderly population today. Together with a propensity for falls, it can lead to a life-threatening condition such as a hip fracture, making prevention a key concept. In this article, the pathophysiology of bone loss in the elderly is reviewed and current methods for diagnosis and treatment are summarized. In recently postmenopausal women with significant bone loss, estrogen therapy is the preferred treatment. In the older population, adequate nutrition, calcium supplementation, and weightbearing exercise are the mainstays of treatment. With the development of newer pharmaceutical agents, eventually it may be possible to reduce significantly, and even reverse, bone loss in older postmenopausal women.
A cross‐sectional study: Is there any effects of cholesterol ratios on acute ischemic stroke severity?

Amac: Inme ve inme ile ilgili komplikasyonlarin onlenmesinin amaci, degistirilebilir risk faktorlerini kontrol etmek ve ortadan kaldirmaktir. Hiperkolesterolemi bu risk faktorlerinden biri oldugundan, dusuk dansiteli lipoprotein kolesterol (LDL-C) / yuksek dansiteli lipoprotein kolesterol (HDL-C) ve total kolesterol / HDL-C oranlari ile NIHSS puanlarini karsilastirarak, bu oranlarin inme ciddiyetine etkilerini degerlendirmeyi amacladik. Gerec ve Yontemler: Bu retrospektif kesitsel arastirma iskemik inmeli 207 hastayi icermektedir. Hastalarin demografik ozellikleri, total kolesterol, trigliserit, herhangi bir lipid dusurucu ilac kullanmayan hastalarin LDL-C ve HDL-C duzeyleri ve NIHSS skorlari bir veri toplama formunda kaydedildi. LDL-C / HDL-C ve total kolesterol / HDL-C oranlarinin NIHSS puanlarina etkisi arastirildi. Bulgular: Hastalarin yas ortalamasi 69.3 idi. Tum bu hastalar arasinda ortalama LDL-C / HDL-C orani 2.93 ve total kolesterol / HDL-C orani 4.68 idi. Basvuru sirasinda NIHSS'nin ortalama puani 7.05 idi. Tum bu parametreler arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir fark veya korelasyon gozlenmedi. Sonuc: Basvuru sirasinda HDL-C / LDL-C ile total kolesterol / HDL-C oranlari ve NIHSS skorlari arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir iliski gozlenmedi. Iskemik inme risklerini goz onunde bulundurarak uygun parametreleri bulmak icin ileriye donuk cok merkezli calismalara ihtiyac vardir.
POST STROKE DEPRESSION: EXPERIENCE AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF PAKISTAN

Objective: To determine the frequency of depression in post stroke patients visiting a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytic study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried at Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health Rawalpindi over 6 months, from Nov 2016 to Apr 2017. Material and Methods: The present study involved 130 post-stroke patients of either gender aged between 30-70 years who presented at the outpatient department of Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health Rawalpindi with stroke within past 2 years. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data. Depression was assessed using ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. Attributing factors like patient’s age, gender, duration of stroke, educational, employment, socioeconomic and marital status and presence or absence of siblings, obesity and diabetes were noted. A signed written consent was taken from all patients. Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.1 ± 10.9 years. There were 75 (57.7%) male and 55 (42.3%) female patients with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. Depression was diagnosed in 51 (39.2%) post-stroke patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of depression across various subgroups based on patient’s age, gender, duration of stroke, educational, employment, socioeconomic and marital status and presence or absence of siblings, obesity and diabetes. Conclusion: Depression was observed in a substantial proportion of post-stroke patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital which warrants routine screening for timely identification and management of depression in future practice to improve the quality of life and outcome of such patients.
Van der Waals SnSe2(1−x)S2x Alloys: Composition‐Dependent Bowing Coefficient and Electron–Phonon Interaction

The design of advanced functional materials with customized properties often requires the use of an alloy. This approach has been used for decades, but only recently to create van der Waals (vdW) alloys for applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and thermoelectrics. A route to engineering their physical properties is by mixing isoelectronic elements, as done for the SnSe2(1−x)S2x alloy. Here, by experiment and first‐principles modeling, it is shown that the value of x can be adjusted over a wide range, indicating good miscibility of the SnS2 and SnSe2 compounds. The x‐dependence of the indirect bandgap energy from Eind = 1.20 eV for SnSe2 to Eind = 2.14 eV for SnS2, corresponds to a large bowing coefficient b ≈ 1 eV, arising from volume deformation and charge exchange effects due to the different sizes and orbital energies of the S‐ and Se‐atoms. This also causes composition‐dependent phonon energy modes, electron–phonon interaction, and temperature dependence of Eind. The alloys are exfoliable into thin layers with properties that depend on the composition, but only weakly on the layer thickness. This work shows that the electronic and vibrational properties of the SnSe2(1−x)S2x alloy and its thin layers provide a versatile platform for development and exploitation.
Bendamustin-Rituximab Induction Followed by Observation or Rituximab Maintenance for Newly Diagnosed Patients with Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia: Results From a Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Study (StiL NHL 7–2008 –MAINTAIN-; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00877214).

Abstract 2739 Background: Bendamustine-rituximab (B-R) has demonstrated substantial efficacy in the primary treatment of indolent lymphomas. A multicenter prospective randomized trial was initiated to investigate the impact of adding rituximab maintenance following B-R first-line induction. The trial included patients (pts) with Waldenstrom9s Macroglobulinemia (WM), marginal zone, small lymphocytic and mantle cell lymphomas. Here we present first and preliminary results for pts with WM. Methods: Treatment consisted of a maximum of 6 cycles of B-R (bendamustine 90 mg/m2, rituximab 375 mg/m2) administered every 28 days plus 2 cycles of rituximab every 4 weeks. Responding pts (≥ PR) were eligible for further treatment and were randomized to observation or 2 years of rituximab maintenance every two months. The primary endpoint is PFS. Results: From April 2009 to July 2012, 57 centers included a total of 162 pts with newly diagnosed WM with a median age of 67 years (31% 60 years). At baseline/inclusion/screening, the median values for b2-microglobulin (b2M), hemoglobin and IgM were 3.3 mg/L, 10.1 g/dL and 2110 mg/dL (max. 13400 mg/dL), respectively. To date (Aug 2012) 116 pts are evaluable for response (43 women [37%] and 73 men [63%]). 100 pts have responded to B-R leading to an overall response rate (ORR) of 86%. At the time of response evaluation, the median Hb was 12.6 g/dl and the median IgM was 380 mg/dl. 90 pts have undergone randomization to date, 43 to observation and 47 to maintenance. Randomization is ongoing. No results can be reported from that ongoing part of the trial. No uncommon toxicities were observed during B-R induction. Conclusion: Initial results of our trial confirm that for patients with Waldenstrom9s macroglobulinemia, treatment with B-R is an efficacious treatment with a manageable safety profile. The role of rituximab maintenance in this disease is under investigation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
On projected alternating BB methods for variational inequalities

The Barzilai–Borwein (BB) step size initially proposed in the context of unconstrained optimization has become one of the most popular step choices for gradient-based methods in the optimization community. It is well-known that the powerful variational inequality can be used to characterize the first-order optimality condition of constrained optimization problems. However, a variational inequality problem is not always equivalent to a constrained optimization problem. In this paper, we follow the spirit of BB step size and propose a projection method with alternate BB step size for general variational inequalities. Although the global convergence is established under some strong conditions, a series of computational experiments on nonlinear complementarity problems, image deblurring problems and generalized Nash equilibrium problems demonstrate that the proposed almost-parameter-free projection method is more efficient than some existing state-of-the-art projection methods in the literature.
Learning-Based Mobile Edge Computing Resource Management to Support Public Blockchain Networks

We consider a public blockchain realized in the mobile edge computing (MEC) network, where the blockchain miners compete against each other to solve the proof-of-work puzzle and win a mining reward. Due to limited computing capabilities of their mobile terminals, miners offload computations to the MEC servers. The MEC servers are maintained by the service provider (SP) that sells its computing resources to the miners. The SP aims at maximizing its long-term profit subject to miners’ budget constraints. The miners decide on their hash rates, i.e., computing powers, simultaneously and independently, to maximize their payoffs without revealing their decisions to other miners. As such, the interactions between the SP and miners are modeled as a stochastic Stackelberg game under private information, where the SP assigns the price per unit hash rate, and miners select their actions, i.e., hash rate decisions, without observing actions of other miners. We develop a hierarchical learning framework for this game based on fully- and partially-observable Markov decision models of the decision processes of the SP and miners. We show that the proposed learning algorithms converge to stable states in which miners’ actions are the best responses to the optimal price assigned by the SP.
The effects of sous-vide cooking on the bio-functionality, nutritional value and health benefits of salmon lipids

4 Declaration . 5 Acknowledgements . 6 List of Tables. 7 List of Figures . 8 List of Abbreviation.10 Chapter 1: Literature review . 13 1.1 The key role of Inflammation and platelet aggregation in Chronic Disorders with emphasis to cardiovascular diseases . 14 1.2. The benefits of Healthy dietary patterns and fish intake. 16 1.3 Salmon lipid content and bio-functionality . 20 1.3. 1 Classes of Lipids found in salmon: . 21 1.3. 2 Fatty acid composition of salmon: Bioactive FA of salmon.22 1.3. 3 Salmon Polar Lipids.25 1.4. Cooking and its effects on lipid content in fish in general.27 1.4. 1 Emerging Cooking Techniques i.e. sous-vide processing.32 1.4. 2 Benefits of sous-vide processing.33 1.4. 3 Negative Aspects of sous-vide processing.34 1.4. 4. Sensory Analysis.34 1.4. 5 Aim of Study.36 Chapter 2: Materials and methods. 37 2.1 Chemicals and Reagents . 37 2.2 Sous-vide process . 37 2.3 Extraction & seperation of Bioactive lipid compounds from cooked salmon . 40 2.4 Platelet aggregometry bioassay . 41 2.5 LC-MS Analysis . 43
A Lower Limb Prosthesis with Active Alignment for Reduced Limb Loading

The moment transferred at the residuum-socket interface of persons with transtibial amputation can be a limiting factor of both user comfort and activity level. High pressures experienced by the user can be a significant source of pain, and can result in deep tissue damage. Compensation of functionality loss causes an asymmetrical gait which can be a contributor of early onset osteoarthritis in the contralateral intact limbs. It has been shown that the moment transferred with conventional passive prostheses can be lowered in magnitude by aligning the tibia with ground