Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension: Pulmonary hypertension due to lung diseases and/or hypoxia

Chronic lung diseases are common causes of pulmonary hypertension. It ranks second after the left heart disease. Both obstructive and restrictive lung diseases are know to cause pulmonary hypertension. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex, and includes factors affecting the blood vessels, airways, and lung parenchyma. Hypoxia and the inhalation of toxic materials are another contributing factors. Recent guidelines have further clarified the association between pulmonary hypertension and chronic lung disease and made general guidelines concerning the diagnosis and management. In this article, we will provide a detailed revision about the new classification and give general recommendations about the management of pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung diseases.
Inhibition of the excitatory junction potential in the guinea‐pig saphenous artery by ANAPP3

Electrical stimulation of the perivascular nerves of the guinea‐pig saphenous artery elicited excitatory junction potentials (e.j.ps) in the smooth muscle cells. These e.j.ps were inhibited by arylazido aminopropionyl adenosine triphosphate (ANAPP3), a specific antagonist for the P2‐purinoceptor, suggesting that ATP may be the neurotransmitter.
Design of Battery Management System for seafloor observatory

An innovative design of Battery Management System(BMS) for seafloor observatory is introduced in this paper. The power supply and output of multiple battery packs are controlled in the BMS based on STM32F103 as its MCU, and the main power and stand-by power could be switched automatically. In this BMS, the data of the voltage and current of battery packs and the data of each load-side are collected through 12-bit ADC, and judged and processed intelligently to make the multiple battery packs output in order of priority. The PC application software will monitor the voltage and current of battery packs in real-time, while display and control the condition of power supply.
Immunizing and curative potential of replicating and nonreplicating murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells engineered with interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and gamma-interferon gene or admixed with conventional a

To evaluate the efficacy of vaccinations with cytokine-gene-transduced tumor cells, BALB/c mice were challenged with 1 x 10(5) parental cells of a syngeneic adenocarcinoma cell line (TSA-pc). No protection was observed in mice immunized 30 days earlier with 1 x 10(5) nonreplicating mitomycin-C-treated TSA-pc alone, or with Corynebacterium parvum or Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA). Ten to 30% of mice immunized with nonreplicating cells engineered to produce interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and gamma-interferon gene were protected. Fifty % of mice immunized with replicating TSA-pc admixed with C. parvum and 80-100% of mice immunized with replicating tumor cells transduced with IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, or gamma-interferon gene were protected. No cure was afforded by TSA cells admixed with C. parvum or CFA, nor by TSA cells engineered with IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor alpha gene injected starting 1 day after TSA-pc challenge. Complete tumor regression, however, was obtained in 10-20% of mice treated with TSA cells transduced with IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, or IL-10 and in 30% of those treated with TSA cells transduced with gamma-interferon gene.
Start-up robustness against resonator-Qs defects in a 2-GHz FBAR VCO

The root locus (RL) method is used to analyze the start-up robustness of a two-stage dual-resonator high-Q VCO. The VCO includes a parallel LC tank and an above-IC FBAR (f<sub>s</sub> = 2.15 GHz, Q<sub>s</sub> = 515) that is prone to contact defects during above-IC post-processing. Results obtained after careful circuit modeling explain the VCO's start-up on f<sub>1</sub> before transitioning to and settling on the desired frequency f<sub>0</sub>. The RL approach is shown to be effective in obtaining the constraints on resonator Q<sub>s</sub> and revealing VCO failure modes. Only severe fabrication defects (Q<sub>s</sub> <; 100) inhibit proper start-up on f<sub>0</sub>.
Pre‐medication and renal pre‐conditioning: a role for alprazolam, atropine, morphine and promethazine

Four pre‐medication drugs are used to relieve pain, allay anxiety, reduce secretion and enhance hypnosis, were evaluated for their effects on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury which is one of the major complications of vascular and transplantation surgery. Right kidney was removed from female rats (210–250 g) 3 weeks before surgical procedure. Different doses of morphine (0.5, 2 and 5 mg/kg), promethazine (1, 2 and 5 mg/kg), atropine (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg) and alprazolam (0.08, 0.32 and 0.64 mg/kg) were administered subcutaneously 30 min before left renal artery occlusion and 6 h reperfusion. Left kidneys were processed for histological evaluations. Creatinine and BUN were measured in serum samples. Morphine, promethazine, atropine and alprazolam at all evaluated doses significantly decreased serum creatinine and BUN levels and histopathological scores. The effects of promethazine (1 mg/kg) and all doses of alprazolam were more potent than other pre‐medication drugs and doses. This study suggested a protective effect of these pre‐medication drugs on I/R injury. Although obvious studies are required, these findings may lead to effective therapies against I/R injury.
Light-induced migration of retinal microglia into the subretinal space.

PURPOSE To explore the effects of light exposure and deprivation on the distribution and function of microglia in the subretinal space of mice. METHODS Using a monoclonal antibody, 5D4, that identifies resting, ramified microglia, the distribution and density of microglia in the retina, and the subretinal space were determined by confocal microscopy and by immunohistochemistry of cryopreserved sections of eyes of albino and pigmented mice exposed to diverse levels of light, ranging from complete darkness to intense brightness. Axotomized retinal ganglion cells were retrograde labeled by fluorescent tracer to determine whether the marker colocalizes to 5D4+ cells. Electron microscopy was used to evaluate microglia for evidence of phagocytosis. RESULTS 5D4+ microglia in pigmented eyes were limited to the inner retinal layers, but in albino eyes 5D4+ cells were found in the outer retinal layers and subretinal space as well. The subretinal space of eyes of albino mice raised from birth in complete darkness contained few 5D4+ cells, but exposure to light caused the rapid accumulation of 5D4+ cells at this site. 5D4+ cell density in the subretinal space correlated directly with intensity of ambient light. Retrograde labeling of axotomized ganglion cells resulted in 5D4+ cells in the subretinal space that contained the retrograde label. Subretinal microglia contained phagocytized rod outer segment discs. On intense light exposure, 5D4+ cells adopted an active morphology, but failed to express class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. CONCLUSIONS Light exposure induced retinal microglia migration into the subretinal space in albino mice. Subretinal microglia appeared to augment through phagocytosis the capacity of pigment epithelium to take up the photoreceptor debris of light toxicity. The unexpected presence of these cells in the subretinal space raises questions concerning their potential contribution to immune privilege in this space and to the fate of retinal transplants.
Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Sensing Data

In the near future, wireless sensor networks are expected to find wide applicability and increasing deployment. In this paper, a formal classification of sensor networks based on their mode of functioning: such as proactive and reactive networks is proposed. Reactive networks respond immediately to the changes in the relevant parameters of interest, while proactive networks collect passive data in a periodic way. A new energy efficient routing protocol named TSEESNP (Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol) for reactive networks is introduced in this paper. The performance is well evaluated using the TSEESNP routing protocol for a simple temperature sensing application. In terms of energy efficiency, this protocol has been observed to outperform existing conventional sensor network protocols.
A Study on Dairy Wastewater Using Fixed-Film Fixed Bed Anaerobic Diphasic Digester

In any dairy plant, the quantity and characteristics of effluent is depending upon the extent of production activities, pasteurization to several milk products. The anaerobic digesters in the first phase of treatment, which is followed by high rate aerobic treatment remain as the most common effluent treatment scheme for dairy plants. The Indian dairy industries is stated to have the growth at more than 15% and poised to cross the 150 million tones per annum. The requirement for milk and milk products is keep growing in steady pace, making a significant impact on the Indian agriculture domain. The dairy industries require large quantity of water for the purpose of washing of cans, machinery and floor, the liquid waste in a dairy originates from manufacturing process, utilities and service section. The various sources of waste generation from a dairy are spilled milk, spoiled milk, skimmed milk, whey; whey is the most difficult high strength waste product of cheese manufacture. The present study, thus initiated, for evaluating a need based experimental work on anaerobic diphasic digester incorporated with bio film support systems, for treating dairy effluent. The kinetic parameters are also estimated using the experimental data.
L’inclusion en service de garde au Québec : la situation d’une étape essentielle

L’inclusion est au centre des reflexions en education depuis bon nombre d’annees. Les services de garde ne font pas exception et representent une etape importante de l’inclusion du fait que les enfants y apprennent les debuts de la vie en societe en contexte structure avec les pairs de meme âge. Au Quebec, un service de garde n’a aucune obligation legale d’accueillir des enfants ayant des besoins particuliers. Bien qu’une politique gouvernementale en faveur de l’inclusion existe, chaque service de garde est libre d’accueillir ou non les enfants ayant des besoins particuliers. La decision revient a la direction de l’etablissement et a son conseil d’administration. De ce fait, il n’est pas toujours facile pour les enfants ayant des besoins particuliers d’avoir acces aux services de garde (Trepanier et Ayotte, 2000). Pourtant, l’inclusion en service de garde influe tres avantageusement sur le developpement general et social des enfants ayant des besoins particuliers lorsqu’elle est effectuee dans un milieu de qualite, c’est-a-dire riche et stimulant, ou la participation sociale de ces enfants est valorisee. Le soutien, la concertation des acteurs et les attitudes positives du personnel sont parmi les conditions necessaires a une inclusion de qualite. A l’inverse, le manque de formation et l’acces difficile aux ressources humaines, materielles et financieres nuisent au processus inclusif.
Effective Multiple Image Watermarking based on Dither Quantization

Multiple watermarking is used for embedding multiple watermarks into the host single multimedia object (image) to provide authentication without bearing on the optical quality of the image. It is an embranchment of digital watermarking, which gives some particular applications, such as transaction tracking. Some digital watermarking techniques ensure the host-signal noise while associating the watermark in chronological sequence on experienced image data. The cover work is projected to multiple orthogonal projection vectors to be sure that different watermark signals do not mutually interfere in which they are embedded.
High Gain Printed Phased Array for SAR Applications Using Planar Electromagnetic Band-Gap Technology

This paper shows how the design of integrated arrays can significantly benefit from Planar Circularly Symmetric (PCS) Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures. Using this technology, a phased array that scans up to 40o in one dimension and that is characterized by relatively large bandwidth (BW ≈ 15%) is designed, manufactured and tested. The specific advantages coming from the use of PCS-EBGs are two fold. On one hand the losses associated to surface waves are significantly reduced. On the other hand each element of the array has a larger effective area that leads to a higher gain for the complete array when compared with a standard technology. Additional benefits are the low cross-polarization levels, the good front to back ratio, considering that the antenna does not include a backing reflector, and the low profile.
Applicability of Transconductance-to-Current Ratio ( $g_{\mathrm {m}}/I_{\mathrm {ds}}$ ) as a Sensing Metric for Tunnel FET Biosensors

In this paper, we propose and evaluate the feasibility of transconductance-to-current ratio (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$g_{\mathrm {{m}}}/I_{\mathrm {{ds}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) as a sensing metric for a tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET)-based dielectric modulated biosensor. Focusing on the enhancement of the values of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$g_{\mathrm {{m}}}/I_{\mathrm {{ds}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and current ratio at lower current levels to signify the presence of biomolecules in the dielectric cavity of TFET biosensor, the metric can be used not only for sensitivity but also for selectivity as the current ratio changes appreciably for the three different types of biomolecules, namely, Streptavidin, Biotin, and APTES. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$g_{\mathrm {{m}}}/I_{\mathrm {{ds}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> extraction takes into account the operation at low power consumption, i.e., in the subthreshold region, which is most sensitive for biomolecule detection. The sensing methodology is governed by the location of the biomolecules within the cavity, and is less dependent on the fill-in factor. This paper highlights new opportunities to identify the sensing metric in TFET-based dielectric modulated biosensors.
Insights into the Cytoadherence Phenomenon of Plasmodium vivax: The Putative Role of Phosphatidylserine

Plasmodium vivax is the most geographically widespread and the dominant human malaria parasite in most countries outside of sub-Saharan Africa and, although it was classically recognized to cause benign infection, severe cases and deaths caused by P. vivax have remarkably been reported. In contrast to Plasmodium falciparum, which well-known ability to bind to endothelium and placental tissue and form rosettes is related to severity of the disease, it has been a dogma that P. vivax is unable to undergo cytoadherent phenomena. However, some studies have demonstrated that red blood cells (RBCs) infected by P. vivax can cytoadhere to host cells, while the molecules participating in this host–parasite interaction are still a matter of speculation. In the present overview, we address the evidences currently supporting the adhesive profile of P. vivax and, additionally, discuss the putative role of phosphatidylserine—a cell membrane phospholipid with cytoadhesive properties that has been detected on the surface of Plasmodium-parasitized RBCs.
Comparing the use of symmetry in constraint processing and model checking

Both model checkingandconstraint processinginvolve the searching of graphs: in model checking to establish the truth of a temporal logic formula; in constraint processing to determine whether or not solutions to a problem exist which satisfy a set of constraints. In both fields, the presence of symmetry in the model or problem can result in redundant search over equivalent areas of the graph or search space. Recently there has been much interest insymmetry reductionin model checking, and symmetry breakingin constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs). Then-queens problem is a CSP to which symmetry breaking has been applied. To illustrate the approaches to exploiting symmetry in both model checking and CSPs we show how the n-queens problem can be solved using model checking, and how symmetry reduction can be used to make larger instances of the problem tractable. Through this example we highlight the similarities and differences between the approaches.
Effects of thyroid hormone on GLUT4 glucose transporter gene expression and NIDDM in rats.

Previous studies have shown that T3 coordinately stimulates GLUT4-glucose transporter messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in mixed fiber-type skeletal muscle of the rat and produces a concomitant elevation in basal (noninsulin mediated) glucose uptake. The aim of the present study was to 1) determine the precise mechanism(s) for the T3-induced expression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle, and 2) investigate the potential benefits of T3 on noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Ten daily ip injections of T3 (100 micrograms/100 g BW) administered to hypothyroid male Sprague-Dawley rats, increased both GLUT4 mRNA and transcription approximately 70% (P < 0.05) in mixed fiber-type hindlimb skeletal muscle. Transcriptional induction was subsequently defined to be restricted to red (oxidative) muscle fibers (2.5-fold; P < 0.05), whereas GLUT4 protein was increased in both red and white (glycolytic) skeletal muscle. GLUT4 mRNA and protein expression were similarly inducible in the skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant Zucker rats. More importantly, T3 treatment totally ameliorated hyperinsulinemia in obese animals (P < 0.001), although their moderately elevated plasma glucose levels were not significantly altered. In conclusion, regulation of GLUT4 expression by T3 was shown to lie at the transcriptional level in red skeletal muscle, whereas in white muscle fiber types, it appears to operate via an alternative posttranscriptional mechanism. These data also support the potential of hormonally inducing glucose transporter expression in insulin-resistant muscle. However, high levels of T3 are associated with a number of adverse side-effects, in particular the stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Nevertheless, future studies may demonstrate, e.g. subthyrotoxic levels, to be similarly effective but without side effects, and thus perhaps find a clinical application in reducing both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in NIDDM.
A Prototype Manufacturing Knowledge Base in Syllog

This paper describes a prototype knowledge base for manufacturing planning, which we have built using a knowledge system shell called Syllog. We describe a Tester Capacity Planning and Yield Analysis task, knowledge needed for a part of the task, and the use of the knowledge in the Syllog system. We report that the sometimes difficult process of knowledge acquisition turned out, in this case, to be straightforward. Knowledge acquisition and knowledge use are done in the same language in Syllog.
High-performance MCM routing

The authors describe the multilayer MCM (multichip module) routing problem, and propose an approach for routing high-performance MCMs with the objective of minimizing interconnect delays and crosstalk. They first introduce an approach for rapidly estimating the time-domain response of lossy transmission line trees, and propose a realistic second-order delay model for MCM interconnects. The delay model is used to guide a performance-driven global routing algorithm. Given the 2-D global paths, the next stage is layer assignment. An effective algorithm for constrained layer assignment is developed. Based on the best-known maxcut approximation algorithm (which performs well in practice), a maximal k-color ordering is formulated for minimizing both interlayer and intralayer crosstalk as well as crossings in 3-D MCM substrates. The authors also propose a strategy that exhibits a good tradeoff between circuit performance and design cost, instead of concentrating exclusively on a single objective such as area minimization. <<ETX>>
Pathobiology of avian influenza virus infection in minor gallinaceous species: a review

Susceptibility to avian influenza viruses (AIVs) can vary greatly among bird species. Chickens and turkeys are major avian species that, like ducks, have been extensively studied for avian influenza. To a lesser extent, minor avian species such as quail, partridges, and pheasants have also been investigated for avian influenza. Usually, such game fowl species are highly susceptible to highly pathogenic AIVs and may consistently spread both highly pathogenic AIVs and low-pathogenic AIVs. These findings, together with the fact that game birds are considered bridge species in the poultry–wildlife interface, highlight their interest from the transmission and biosecurity points of view. Here, the general pathobiological features of low-pathogenic AIV and highly pathogenic AIV infections in this group of avian species have been covered.
Toward a standard description of hearing loss

Hearing losses are frequently described by categories that characterize the configuration, severity, and site of lesion from a pure-tone audiogram. Although many category descriptors are in common use, there are no standard definitions of those terms, nor have the category definitions been validated against current clinical practice. The development and validation of AMCLASS™ is described. To validate the classification method, five expert judges selected configuration, severity, and site of lesion categories for 231 audiograms that varied widely in audiometric configuration. Interjudge comparisons indicated that expert judges frequently disagree on how they describe an audiogram. Category definitions were adjusted to maximize agreement between AMCLASS™ and the consensus of the judges. The final set of category definitions produced categories that agreed with the consensus more often than the average agreement between pairs of judges.
Coherence and Motion Transparency in Rigid and Nonrigid Plaids

Under a wide range of conditions, stimuli composed of two superimposed grating components with unequal rotation velocities (differing in sign and/or magnitude) gave a striking percept of a single, coherent, nonrigidly deforming plaid surface. Conversely, component angular velocities of the same sign and magnitude yielded rigidly rotating plaids. Rigidity and motion coherence were shown to be independent percepts, and coherent plaids were categorised unambiguously as rigid or nonrigid. Coherence and motion transparency were found to depend upon the relative orientation of components, and polar plots showed two lobes of high coherence for narrow intercomponent angles. There was a slight tendency for plaids with unequal component rotations to appear less coherent, but this was nonsignificant, once the effect of intercomponent angle was taken into account. Changes in the relative spatial frequency of components, relative contrast of components, and repeated presentation produced equivalent effects on coherence for rigid and nonrigid types of plaid motion. Manipulation of the terminators in the display by making the aperture diameters for the two component gratings unequal reduced coherence and increased transparency. The effect was the same for rigid and nonrigid plaids. Coherence in rigid and nonrigid plaids thus depends primarily on local processes and there is no strong interaction between rigidity and coherence.