Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DNA adsorption to soils and sediments.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) adsorption to five soils, an acid-washed sand, and a lake sediment was investigated. All DNA at environmentally relevant concentrations was adsorbed by soils containing a significant amount of montmorillonite at low to neutral pH values. Studies on the effects of DNA molecular size on adsorption to sand and a sandy soil were described by the Freundlich isotherm model (r/sup 2/ > 0.85) and indicated a direct relationship between molecular weight and adsorption.
VINEYARD SPATIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS BY PER-FIELD AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH PROCESSING

Hydrological catchment studies have demonstrated the dominant influence of soil surface condition and field structure on rainfall and pollutant runoff in the Mediterranean viticultural environment. Recognising these parameters at the scale of one or more catchments is essential for the comprehension of phenomena like rivers in spate and agricultural pollution, as well as for a good water resource management. Based on very high spatial resolution data (0.25 m), a method is developed to provide detailed quantitative information on spatial crop structure by analysis of stationary spatial frequencies. A simple crop geometry model, based on general knowledge and field observations, is applied to the Fourier power spectrum of aerial imagery obtained over the La Peyne valley (Herault, France). By doing this on a per-field basis, using a digital land register map, vineyards can be identified and within-field constant vine frequencies can be extracted. Analysing these frequencies, per-field information on crop spacing, orientation and training mode are provided. The results are directly written to a GIS database, without creation of an intermediate image layer. Highly accurate crop structure data were obtained, independent of the very variable soil surface radiometry and its spatial structure. Main vineyard training modes, goblet and wire-trained, as well as orchards and continuous crop/fallow fields were generally well classed.
THE INFLUENCE OF BORON ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND GROWTH OF THE TOMATO PLANT.

An investigation was undertaken by one of the writers for the purpose of determining the minimum potassium requirements of the tomato plant. It was planned to use water cultures in these studies. Although the solutions contained the so-called essential elements for normal plant growth it was soon discovered that the plants failed to grow. Since attention had been recently called to the importance of boron and manganese it was thought that a possible solution to the problem lay in adding these elements to the culture medium and a special experiment was conducted to test their effects on the growth of the tomato. Manganese (1.0 ppm.) was added to the nutrient solution as manganese sulphate and boron (0.55 ppm.) as boric acid. The four groups noted in table I consisted of nine cultures, each containing a single plant in a two-quart Mason jar.
Empowerment of Micro Business toward Business Independent

Life support for work seeker was could created easier by makes micro business than looking for job, because work formation recently was very limited, whereas work seekers was more increasing. But, various problems always present for micro business actors, especially very limited ability to manage organization, less strategy business management wasn't meet human resource management to perform business to create independent business. As such challenge for micro business actor in order to get strong business organization, therefore able to create individual micro business. Anticipated micro business difficulty was needed action by take empirical study through study concerning company organization, business management strategy and human resource management study which could influence process to create independent micro business. Data collection was using literature study method, observation of respondent, interview by micro business actor structurally and indeep interview. Variable study was using descriptive analysis to study variable of business management organization, business management strategy, human resource management and individual business. Identification and variable study was using SPSS program. Focus group discussion (FDG) was used to analyzed qualitative between researcher and micro business actor. Test result was showed that business management organization, business management strategy and human resource management was still needed for micro business actor to increasing performance to created strong and independent micro business. Keywords: Company organization, Business management strategy, Human resources, Independent business.
Organizational Decline and Innovation in Public Organizations: A Contextual Framework of Cutback Management

In times of organizational decline, innovation is seen by many as crucial to uphold and improve public service delivery and “do more with less. ” However, innovation in times of decline is not a given. The cutback management literature currently lacks a theoretical frame that accounts for the relationship between cutback management strategies and innovation in the face of decline. This article provides a theoretically grounded framework that formulates theoretical propositions regarding the relationships between cutback management strategies, organizational innovation, and organizational context. First, the literature on cutback management strategies is reviewed and abstracted into a typology of proportional versus targeted strategies and open versus closed strategies. This typology is connected to the literature on organizational response to develop propositions concerning the effect of cutback management strategies on innovation. The article posits that targeted and open strategies may contribute to innovation, whereas proportional and closed strategies are likely to result in decreased innovation. Second, propositions are developed concerning the contextual circumstances in which the different cutback management strategies are likely to be adopted. This contextual framework discusses contextual factors related to the nature of decline, environmental factors, and organizational factors.
Aluminum foil treatment combined with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for gangrene of the fingertip caused by collagen disease

Although basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is used for the treatment of various intractable ulcers, there have been no reports of using it for gangrene of the fingertips caused by collagen diseases. We successfully treated gangrene as a result of malignant rheumatoid arthritis with aluminum foil combined with bFGF.
Clinical use of the STOP-BANG questionnaire in patients undergoing sedation for endoscopic procedures.

E is relatively safe, with a complication rate of less than 1% for standard procedures such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy.1 Theoretically obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can lead to cardiopulmonary complications during procedural sedation. However the initial studies addressing the presence of OSA in patients undergoing upper endoscopy and colonoscopy did not find an increased risk of cardiopulmonary complications.2, 3 The STOP-BANG questionnaire represents a highly sensitive tool particularly useful to screen patients with severe OSA.4 A positive score, defined as ≥3, has correlated with a higher rate of postoperative complications.5 The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of OSA using a bedside screening instrument and determine if patients at high risk of OSA undergoing routine endoscopic procedures are more likely to become hypoxic during deep sedation. Institutional review board approval was obtained for this study.We performed a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing deep sedation for endoscopic procedures in the endoscopy unit at “GB Morgagni-L. Pierantoni” Hospital in Forli, Italy. Our routine practice is to sedate patients using propofol alone or in combination with low dose opiate and/or benzodiazepine. Depth of sedation was assessed using the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) score. Consecutive patients were enrolled between January 2010 and December 2010. By using a STOP-BANG score of 3 or higher for high risk, patients were dichotomized into high risk (HR) and low risk (LR) for OSA groups. Demographic, procedural, and pharmacologic characteristics were compared between groups using the chi-square test for dichotomous variables and unpaired t testing or the Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. During the study period, 271 patients were enrolled, including 59 (22%) patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), 56 (21%) EGD, 93 (34%) colonoscopy and 63 (23%) Clinical use of the STOP-BANG questionnaire in patients undergoing sedation for endoscopic procedures
The Trehalose Synthesis Pathway Is an Integral Part of the Virulence Composite for Cryptococcus gattii

ABSTRACT The trehalose pathway is essential for stress tolerance and virulence in fungi. We investigated the importance of this pathway for virulence of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus gattii using the highly virulent Vancouver Island, Canada, outbreak strain R265. Three genes putatively involved in trehalose biosynthesis, TPS1 (trehalose-6-phosphate [T6P] synthase) and TPS2 (T6P phosphatase), and degradation, NTH1 (neutral trehalose), were deleted in this strain, creating the R265tps1Δ, R265tps2Δ, and R265nth1Δ mutants. As in Cryptococcus neoformans, cellular trehalose was reduced in the R265tps1Δ and R265tps2Δ mutants, which could not grow and died, respectively, at 37°C on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose agar, suggesting that T6P accumulation in R265tps2Δ is directly toxic. Characterizations of the cryptococcal hexokinases and trehalose mutants support their linkage to the control of glycolysis in this species. However, unlike C. neoformans, the C. gattii R265tps1Δ mutant demonstrated, in addition, defects in melanin and capsule production, supporting an influence of T6P on these virulence pathways. Attenuated virulence of the R265tps1Δ mutant was not due solely to its 37°C growth defect, as shown in worm studies and confirmed by suppressor mutants. Furthermore, an intact trehalose pathway controls protein secretion, mating, and cell wall integrity in C. gattii. Thus, the trehalose synthesis pathway plays a central role in the virulence composites of C. gattii through multiple mechanisms. Deletion of NTH1 had no effect on virulence, but inactivation of the synthesis genes, TPS1 and TPS2, has profound effects on survival of C. gattii in the invertebrate and mammalian hosts. These results highlight the central importance of this pathway in the virulence composites of both pathogenic cryptococcal species.
Family Involvement - Influence on Change Management, Value and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Businesses - A Research Proposal

The aim of this research proposal is to analyze the impact of family involvement over change and performance of small and medium size family businesses. Three family business theories mostly used by previous researchers namely: entrepreneurial, stakeholder and stewardship theories will be used to explore relationships between ownership, change management and the performance objectives of family firms. This study will examine the relationship between Familiness (that is, family ownership) and firm performance by considering the influence of family management, family control, and firm size using the family influence scale (the familiness-power, experience, and culture scale [F-PEC]) presented by Klein, Astrachan, and Smyrnios (2005). A set of questionnaires will be sent to family firms across the United States of America, Western European countries (e.g. United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, etc.) Taiwan, Romania and the data obtained from these firms, together with range of performance measures and objectives will be examined to assess this relationship, and to ascertain if family ownership is positively or negatively associated with firm performance. Information from other studies has been used for the development of this study to understand various variables that can be used to identify what constitutes a family firm. The findings from this study will be used to establish whether potential family-ownership effects are more likely to be realized when family ownership is combined with active family management and control in smalland medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
COST ANALYSIS OF STRABISMUS SURGERY BY ACTIVITY BASED COSTING

The aim of this study was to estimate the cost of strabismus surgery through activitybased costing (ABC) and compare it with the tariffs approved by the Iranian Ministry of Health. Costing study was conducted in Nikookari Ophthalmology Hospital of Tabriz from April 2014 to April 2015 with a retrospective approach by activity-based costing method (ABC). The required data and information were collected interviewing experts, hospital officials, and relevant units, direct observation of activities, and reviewing the documents in the financial department and HIS software system. Then, the cost of strabismus surgery was estimated using Excel 2013. According to the findings of the present study, the amount and the share of the total costs of the activities identified in the main centers are as following: human resources ($2,818,722), depreciation of medical equipment ($277,233), consumable medicals and supplies ($218,484), building depreciation ($138,004), depreciation of non-medical equipment ($43,640), consumable non-medicals and supplies ($ 26,804), utilities cost ($4,724), and costs of indirect units ($ 864,455). Ultimately, the cost of a strabismus surgery was estimated to be $ 464 which is $ 236 higher than its approved tariff. The difference between the approved tariff and the cost of strabismus surgery in the studied hospitals was considerable. This price gap can negatively affect the performance and quality of services provided by hospitals in the long term. Since the costs of personnel, indirect costs, and depreciation of medical equipment account for 90% of total costs of strabismus surgery, hospital managers should pay more attention to these items in order to improve efficiency of their services and reduce costs.
Swing control for two-link brathiation robot based on SMC

Brachiating is the hand over hand swinging locomotion used by various primates, especially the long armed apes. By analyzing the behavior of gibbon, which moves from branch to branch swinging its body like a pendulum, the basic principle and brachiating control of the simplified two-link gibbon-type robot is studied. Based on Lagrange equations and analyzing the postural characteristic of gibbon a simplified two-link model is derived to describe the motion of Gibbon-like Robotpsilas brathiation. Considering the motion control according to the target position and the posture of a gibbon, a sliding mode control (SMC) approach is presented to design the motion control system of this gibbon-type robot. The simulation based on ADAMS-MATLAB platform is presented, and the experimental results verify the feasibility of the developed controller design scheme.
Implication of DNA Polymerase λ in Alignment-based Gap Filling for Nonhomologous DNA End Joining in Human Nuclear Extracts*

Accurate repair of free radical-mediated DNA double-strand breaks by the nonhomologous end joining pathway requires replacement of fragmented nucleotides in the aligned ends by a gap-filling DNA polymerase. Nuclear extracts of human HeLa cells, supplemented with recombinant XRCC4-DNA ligase IV complex (XRCC4/ligase IV), were capable of accurately rejoining model double-strand break substrates with a 1- or 2-base gap, and the gap-filling step was dependent on XRCC4/ligase IV. To determine what polymerase was responsible for gap filling, end joining was examined in the presence of polyclonal antibodies against each of two prime candidate enzymes, DNA polymerases μ and λ, both of which were present in the extracts. For a DNA substrate with partially complementary 3′ overhangs and a 2-base gap, antibodies to polymerase λ completely eliminated both gap filling and accurate end joining, whereas antibodies to polymerase μ had little effect. Immunodepletion of polymerase λ, but not polymerase μ, likewise blocked both gap filling and end joining, and both functions could be restored by addition of recombinant polymerase λ. Recombinant polymerase μ, and a truncated polymerase λ lacking the Brca1 C-terminal domain, were at least 10-fold less active in restoring gap filling to the immunodepleted extracts, and polymerase β was completely inactive. The results suggest that polymerase λ is the primary gap-filling polymerase for accurate nonhomologous end joining, and that the Brca1 C-terminal domain is required for this activity.
Highly sensitive strain sensor using carbon nanotube

A new highly sensitive strain sensor has been developed by applying the strain-induced change of the electrical conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The electric conductivity of MWCNTs changes drastically under uni-axial strain because of the drastic change of their electronic band gap. Therefore, the local strain distribution can be detected by measuring the change of the electric resistance of MWCNTs under strain. In order to design a new sensor using MWCNTs, a method for controlling the shape of the MWCNTs was developed by applying a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. It was found that the shape of the grown MWCNTs can be controlled by changing the average thickness of the catalyst layer and the growth temperature. The electrical resistance of the grown MWCNT bundle changed almost linearly with the applied uniaxial compressive strain, and obtained maximum strain sensitivity was about 10%/1000-ustrain (gauge factor: 100). A two-dimensional strain sensor, which consisted of area-arrayed fine bundles of MWCNTs, was developed by using MEMS technology. Under the application of compressive strain, the electric resistance was confirmed to increase almost linearly with the applied strain.
The HPV vaccine: framing the arguments FOR and AGAINST mandatory vaccination of all middle school girls.

BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus responsible for cervical cancer, is the most common viral sexually transmitted infection in the United States. A vaccine was approved in 2006 that is effective in preventing the types of HPV responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts. Proposals for routine and mandatory HPV vaccination of girls have become sources of controversy for parents of school-aged youth, legislators, members of the medical community, and the public at large. METHODS The purpose of this article was to articulate the arguments used by advocates who either oppose or endorse routine, mandatory administration of the vaccine to school-aged girls, thereby assisting school health personnel in being effective participants in framing the relevant issues. RESULTS Controversy is grounded in moral, religious, political, economic, and sociocultural arguments including whether concerns that the vaccine increases sexual risk taking, sends mixed messages about abstaining from sexual intercourse, usurps parental authority, and increases the potential for development of new health disparities are offset by the value of administering a cost-effective, age-appropriate public health measure targeting a life-threatening problem. CONCLUSIONS Careful consideration of the medical evidence and public health implications is critical but understanding the context of the debate is no less important to the task of responding to public concerns. School health personnel have a role in the discussion about HPV immunization. Being able to articulate the arguments presented herein can help authorities' responsiveness to parents and community groups as the dialogue about this particular health issue evolves further.
Low-grade inflammation and arterial stiffness in the elderly.

I ncreased arterial stiffness is a hallmark of the aging process and the consequence of many disease states including diabetes, atherosclerosis and a variety of autoimmune diseases [1–3]. It is a marker for increased cardiovascular disease risk, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, dementia, renal disease and total mortality [4]. Arterial stiffness not only contributes to these clinical scenarios but also lowers the threshold for their symptoms. Stiffness is not uniformly disseminated throughout the vascular tree but is often patchy, occurring in central and conduit arteries [5]. Common diseases such as hypertension amplify the vascular changes that result in arterial stiffness. Vascular stiffness develops from a complex interaction between stable and dynamic changes involving structural and cellular elements of the arterial wall. Histologically, the intima of stiffened arteries can exhibit abnormal and disarrayed endothelial cells, increased collagen, frayed and broken elastin molecules, expansion of vascular smooth muscle cells, infiltration of macrophages and mononuclear cells. In the media, vascular smooth muscle and collagen are increased and elastin is reduced, whereas in the adventitia, fibroblast numbers and collagen are increased; nonenzymatic protein glycation results in irreversible cross-links between long-lived extracellular matrix molecules such as collagen and inhibition of matrix-degrading enzymes such as metalloproteinase-2, which also contribute to arterial stiffness [6,7]. In addition to structural changes, arterial stiffness is strongly affected by endothelial cell signalling and vascular smooth muscle cell tone, modified by mechanostimulation or by paracrine mediators such as nitric oxide, angiotensin II, endothelin or reactive oxygen species [8,9].