Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypothyroidism on Lipid Metabolism

The thyroid gland is important in the human body because of its ability to produce the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4), necessaries for appropriate energy levels and an active life. It has long been known that thyroid hormones are of vital importance in maintaining the initial level of phospholipids in cell membranes and fatty acids composition of the lipids (Prasad & Kumar, 2005). T3 plays a critical role in lipid metabolism by regulating genes involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis (Zhu & Chang, 2010). The underlying mechanisms, however, have only begun to be unraveled in recent years. Hypothyroidism, characterized by low serum thyroid hormone levels, is associated with reduced metabolism, reduced lipolysis, weight gain, reduced cholesterol clearance, and elevated serum cholesterol. It is known that thyroid hormone has genomic and nongenomic effects (Davis et al., 2008). Thyroid hormones exert their effects by stimulation of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) that have different tissue distribution and metabolic targets. Thyroid hormone receptors possess two isoforms, TR┙ and TR┚ (Nr1a1 and Nr1a2) encoded by the TR┙ (NR1A1) and TR┚ (NR1A2) genes, and each isoform exists as two or three subtypes, respectively (┙1, ┙ 2, ┚1, ┚2, and ┚3). TR┙ plays a key role in postnatal development, adipose tissue and cardiac metabolism, whereas TR┚ regulates multiple steps in hepatic metabolism as well as thyroid hormone levels (Oetting & Yen, 2007). Nuclear mechanisms of thyroid hormone action have been extensively described but an increasing number of nongenomic effects of the hormone at the cellular level have been recognized in the past 10 years (Cheng et al. 2010). Nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone are by definition independent on nuclear receptors for the hormone and have been described at the plasma membrane, various organelles, the cytoskeleton, and in cytoplasm. The actions include alterations in the transport of solutes like Ca++, Na+ and glucose, changes in activities of several kinases, including protein kinase C, cAMP-dependent protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Iodothyronines also can regulate nongenomically through a protein kinase C activation of neutral lipids, phospholipids and phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate [PtdIns (4, 5) P2] (Axelband et al., 2011).
Long‐term non‐flooded mulching cultivation influences rice productivity and soil organic carbon

A field experiment was conducted for 10 years to examine the long‐term effects of non‐flooded mulching cultivation on rice yield and soil organic carbon on Chengdu Plain, south‐west China. Compared with traditional flooded cultivation (TF), non‐flooded plastic film mulching (PM) resulted in a 14% higher average rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield. However, non‐flooded straw mulching (SM) decreased the average rice yield by 11% compared with TF. After 10 years, PM led to similar or higher (SM) soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil N (TN) in the top 5 cm of the soil profile compared with TF. No differences were found among the three cultivation systems in SOC or total N at 5–12 and 12–24 cm soil depths. Small macroaggregates (0.25–2 mm) were predominant in the top 5 cm of the soil (58–63% of whole soil) across the three cultivation systems. However, the proportion of large macroaggregates (>2 mm) from SM and PM was significantly larger than from TF in the top 5 cm of the soil. Non‐flooded mulching cultivation led to increased C and N contents in large macroaggregates and mean weight diameter of aggregates in the 0–5 cm soil depth. This suggests that non‐flooded mulching cultivation increased soil aggregation concomitant with soil C stabilization within the improved soil structure.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS METAIS AMBIENTALMENTE DISPONÍVEIS EM AMOSTRAS DE SEDIMENTO DE PONTOS DE CAPTAÇÃO DE ÁGUA PARA ABASTECIMENTO PÚBLICO DE PALMAS, TO

The sediments are an important compartment used as a tool for assessment of aquatic ecosystems quality, for indicating the presence of contaminants released continuously into the environment as a result of human activities. Among chemical substances discharged to surface water, there are metals that in undesirable amounts, can be toxic to biota. Due to the importance of sediment and of shortage of data of water quality of the Araguaia-Tocantins river system, the present study conducted an assessment of environmentally available metals in sediment samples from water for public supply of the city of Palmas, in Tocantins, Brazil. The concentrations of As, Cd, Pb and Se were analyzed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS), Ag, Al, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Sb, Sc, Si, Ti, V and Zn were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICPOES) and Hg by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (CVAAS). Two partial solubilization processes were performed for a comparative study, one with HCl 0,1 M and agitation at room temperature, considered a milder method for metal extraction from anthropogenic origin, and another with HNO3 8 M and microwave heating, considered as an alternative to more complex methods of total digestion, since it provides a good evaluation of the total concentration of the elements. The sediment quality evaluation was realized by comparing the concentration values of the elements As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn with the quality guidelines (TEL and PEL) adopted by Canadian Council of Minister of the Environment (CCME), to thereby contribute to the environmental quality of the water of the Araguaia-Tocantins river system.
Designing Bio-Inspired Composite Materials for Medical Applications

Composite materials are multi-phased combinations of two or several components, which acquire new characteristic properties that the individual constituents, by themselves, cannot obtain. A composite material typically consists of a certain matrix containing one or more fillers which can be made up of particles, sheets or fibers. When at least one of these phases has dimensions less than 100 nm, the material is named a nanocomposite and offers in addition a higher surface to volume ratio. There are natural composite materials, like wood and plant leaves, in the vegetal kingdom and bird feathers, silky threads spun by the spider and shells, in the animal kingdom. Also, connective tissues from animal and human body are natural composite materials due to their composition and structure. Connective tissues are the major supporting tissues of the body. They are named after their main function, i.e. packing and binding other structures together, and also providing a framework for the body. Connective tissues are generally soft tissues (e.g., skin, cartilage, cornea, etc), excepting bone which is a dense connective tissue. Similar to other natural composite materials, bone consists of an organic part that forms the matrix and an inorganic part representing the filler. Bone matrix is a framework mainly composed of collagen fibers which together with small quantities of other non-collagenous proteins, proteoglycans, lipids, peptides and water form a hydrogel (~ 30 % from bone dry weight). The filler, that reinforces bone matrix, is formed of nano-sized crystals of carbonated calcium phosphate apatite (~ 70 % from bone dry weight). This natural nanocomposite material has superior strength and toughness than its individual components. Bone matrix is a source for nourishing bone cells, such as osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes, which grow inside it. It also increases cell biological activities like adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Bone has key functions as skeletal tissue of the body, including support of softer tissues, mechanical protection for many internal organs and storage of minerals. In the development phase, bone attains the most suited structure to resist the forces acting upon it. During life time, bone is subjected to various diseases that are inherited (osteogenesis imperfecta) or caused by metabolism disturbances, such as osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, osteoarthritis. Bone is also affected by traumas, i.e. fractures, micro-fractures. Each year, millions of people are treated in hospitals for fractures presenting risk of developing into delayed union or nonunion. Also, progressive aging of
Human Iris Polymorphisms: Computer–based and Genetic Assessments of Human Irises and Possible Applications in Human Identification

During personal identification we can analyse the phenotypic or genotypic complexions of a human. The ancient histories of scientific activities in this field were related to the descriptive or measurable features, called phenotype analyses. In the last decades of the 20th century, during the era of human genetics, numerous polymorphic genetic markers were discovered investigating the human nuclear or mitochondrial DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The results of the Human Genome Project revolutionized the applications and opened an era of the investigations for externally visible characteristics (EVCs), the so called DNA based phenotyping (age, hair–, and eye– colour investigations) using informative molecular markers. The polymorphic characteristics of the human eye are well known. This partly originates from the vessel network and the layer order of the retina or the unique construction of the initial section of the optic nerve at the eye-ground. The iris’ individuality resides in its complex textural construction. The iris’ colour and partly its patterns (variations of the Fuchs’ crypts, nevi dots, Wolfflin nodules and contraction furrows) are genetically determined. All of these previously mentioned iris polymorphisms led to the development of a number of automatic phenotypic or genotypic biometric personal identification practical applications. The aim of this study is to briefly summarize the background of this topic condensing those results which are available in this field, and to present our efforts related to a novel approach in the field of iris colour prediction.
Senescent T Cell Induces Brown Adipose Tissue “Whitening” Via Secreting IFN-γ

Aging-associated chronic inflammation is a key contributing factor to a cluster of chronic metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Immune cells particularly T cells accumulate in adipose tissue with advancing age, and there exists a cross talk between T cell and preadipocyte, contributing to age-related adipose tissue remodeling. Here, we compared the difference in morphology and function of adipose tissue between young (3-month-old) and old (18-month-old) mice and showed the phenomenon of brown adipose tissue (BAT) “whitening” in old mice. Flow cytometry analysis suggested an increased proportion of T cells in BAT of old mice comparing with the young and exhibited senescent characteristics. We take advantage of coculture system to demonstrate directly that senescent T cells inhibited brown adipocyte differentiation of preadipocytes in adipose tissue. Mechanistically, both in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that senescent T cells produced and released a higher level of IFN-γ, which plays a critical role in inhibition of preadipocyte-to-brown adipocyte differentiation. Taken together, the data indicate that senescent T cell-derived IFN-γ is a key regulator in brown adipocyte differentiation.
The development of Dynamite: from Braconnot to Nobel

Henry Braconnot (1780-1855), Theophile-Jules Pelouze (1807-1867), and Ascanio Sobrero (1812-1888) are the central figures in discovering the explosive nature and properties of the reaction products of mixtures of nitric and sulfuric acids with carbohydrates (sugars, starches, cellulose, lignin) and polyalcohols, within the short period of 1833-1850. Their findings allowed Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833-1896) to transform the knowledge about a product dangerous to handle, into industrial reality and thus initiate the modern industry of explosives. Here we describe the historical development of the scientific knowledge until its crystallization into dynamite.
Initiation processes in polymerizations of alkyl cyanoacrylates by tertiary amines: Inhibition by strong acids

Polymerizations of butyl and ethyl cyanoacrylates, in the solvent THF, initiated by pyridine and other tertiary amines, are inhibited by strong acids, which cause well-defined inhibition periods (ti) proportional to the concentration of acid added, but irrespective of its nature. The temperature and monomer concentration dependence of ti indicate that chain-initiation is a composite sequence involving two or three successive additions of monomer. A detailed theory is proposed and used to evaluate the composite initiation rate constants over the temperature range 20°C to −80°C. The influence of steric factors on the initiation by pyridine, picolines and lutidine is exemplified and discussed.
Characterization of Cr(VI) Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Natural Hydroxyapatite from Bone Ash and Determination of Optimum Conditions

The aim of this paper is eliminating Cr(VI) by natural HAP. HAP is a inexpensive material which is used from bovine critical bone ash in order to remove heavy metal ions like Cr(VI). Some experiments in different pH are performed (pH = 2, 3, 7). Maximum adsorption was appeared at pH = 2, dosage = 0.3 gr, C0 = 10 mg/l. Cr(VI) removal depends on pH value and initial amount of Cr(VI) result of experiments were analyzed by Longmuir and Freundrich and kinetic model.
Quercetin content in yellow onion (Allium cepa L.)

Flavonoids are polyphenolic substances that are common in many fruits and vegetables and may have positive protective effects against e.g. cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer. These effects have mainly been attributed to their antioxidative properties. One of the most common flavonoids in food plants is quercetin, of which yellow onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of our main dietary sources. The effects of cultivars, nitrogen fertiliser level, lifting time, curing, cultivation system and storage conditions on the quercetin content in yellow onion are investigated in this thesis. Analyses were performed using reversed-phase HPLC after extraction of raw onion samples in ethanol. The main determinant of quercetin level was found to be the amount of global solar radiation during the end of the bulbing phase in August. Annual variations in quercetin content were higher than any treatment effect within each year. Cultivar differences in quercetin levels were significant but inconsistent. Early lifting, when 50% of the onions had fallen leaves, resulted in onions with better keeping quality and equal quercetin content compared with onions with later lifting times. Minimised split application of nitrogen fertilisers reduced the risk of mineral nutrient leaching without lowering the yield or quercetin content. Field curing generally resulted in significant increases in quercetin content compared with levels at lifting. The role of onion size for quercetin content was inconsistent but of minor importance. Quercetin levels were stable during cold storage at constant temperature. No significant differences were found between inorganically fertilised and organically fertilised onions of the same cultivar or between directly sown and transplanted onions. Quercetin content and soil water content within the field were not correlated.
Efficient and Fast Adsorption of Phosphates and Sulphates on Prepared Modified Cellulose

Synthesis of modified cellulose (Cell-GTA) containing quaternary amine functionality was performed. The adsorbent was used to adsorb phosphate and sulphate anions at different experimental conditions using batch method. Kinetic and thermodynamic properties as well as the mechanism of interaction between studied anions and adsorbent were discussed. The adsorption behavior of the obtained samples showed high adsorption capacity as well as fast uptake toward studied anions in their solutions. The maximum adsorption capacities of and on Cell-GTA were found to be 1.88 and 3.68 mmol/g, respectively. Regeneration of the loaded adsorbents toward the successive reuse was also investigated. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Application of Response Surface Methodology for Xanthan Gum and Biomass Production Using Xan-thomonas campestris

Xanthan gum is an extracellular polysaccharide produced by various Xanthomonas species such as X. campestris. The objective of present study was to investigate the influence of different carbon and nitrogen sources on xanthan gum production by X. campestris. Using an ex- perimental Response Surface Methodology (RSM) complemented with a Central Composite De- sign (CCD), the impact of peptone, lactose, glucose and ammonium nitrate in medium were esti- mated for their individual and interactive effects on biomass and xanthan gum production. The optimal concentrations of peptone, lactose, glucose and ammonium nitrate for xanthan gum yield and biomass production was determined as 9.25 g/l, 53.37 mmol, 29.31 mmol and 4.58 g/l for xan- than gum yield and 6.77 g/l, 52.65 mmol, 38.12 mmol and 3.54 g/l for biomass production. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the xanthan gum yield reached to its maximum value (8.42 g/l). The results provide the support data for xanthan gum production on a large scale.
Industrial Proteins as a green alternative for 'petro'polymers: potentials and limitations

For the development of technical applications of polymers from renewable resources, various biopolymers are being studied. In this paper, the opportunities for industrial proteins on this market are discussed e.g. for use in (technical) coatings, adhesives, surfactants and plastics. The use of protein modifications for the improvement of functional properties relevant for technical applications is addressed.
Survey on UAV Vertical Application based on 5G Technology

—In recent years, UAV applications have developed rapidly, and they have achieved initial results in vertical industries. With the increase in application requirements, higher demands have been placed on wireless communication links. At the same time, the widespread deployment of 5G networks provides UAV applications with large bandwidth, high reliability, and low latency communication links, which promotes the development of UAV applications. Starting from 5G technology and network architecture, this article analyzes the huge impact of 5G on UAV applications.
Theoretical Investigation of Optimized Structures of Thiolated Gold Cluster [Au25(SCH3)18]+

Geometric and electronic structures of a gold−methanethiolate [Au25(SCH3)18]+ are investigated by using density functional theory. Three types of optimized structures are derived from two different Au25 core clusters protected by 18 methanethiolates. The most probable optimized structure consists of a Au7 core cluster and Au−S complex-like ring clusters, Au12(SCH3)12 and Au3(SCH3)3. The Au7 core cluster is enclosed by the Au12(SCH3)12 ring cluster and then the Au7−Au12(SCH3)12 core−ring subsystem is capped with the two Au3(SCH3)3 ring clusters from both sides of the top and the bottom. This structural feature is in contrast to a general notion of gold−thiolate clusters that a core gold cluster is superficially protected by thiolate molecules. The optimized structure provides a large HOMO-LUMO gap, and its X-ray diffraction and absorption spectra successfully reproduce the experimental results.
Surface interactions induced by polyelectrolytes, dendrimers, and dendronized polymers

Dans cette these, les interactions de surfaces induites par des polyelectrolytes lineaires, des dendrimeres et des polymeres dendronizes ont ete etudiees. Les etudes ont ete menees avec la microscopie a force atomique (AFM) et completees par la reflectometrie. Premiere, l'influence de la force ionique sur l'adsorption de polyelectrolytes lineaires et du dendrimeres sur des surfaces de silice planaires est etudiee. Les plateaux d'adsorption augmentent fortement avec la force ionique. Apres, les interactions mesurees entre des particules avec polyelectrolytes adsorbes sont discutees. Une methode basee sur la sonde colloidale de l'AFM a ete developpee pour ces etudes. Des forces attractives sont mesurees pret du point isoelectrique et leur origine est expliquee. Finalement, l'effet de la force ionique et de la structure des polymeres dendronizes sur leur elasticite et rigidite est analyse. Les extensions de ces polymeres mesures entre la pointe et une surface plane fonctionnalisee sont utilisees pour les caracteriser.
Anions Analysis in Ground and Tap Waters by Sequential Chemical and CO2-Suppressed Ion Chromatography

An ion chromatographic method using conductivity detection with sequential chemical and CO2 suppression was optimized for the simultaneous determination of fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate,phosphate and sulfate in ground and tap water. The separation was done using an anion exchange column with an eluent of 3.2 mM Na2CO3 and 3.2 mM NaHCO3 mixture. The method was linear in the concentration range of 5 to 300 μg/L with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99 for the six inorganic anions. The method was also shown to be applicable in trace anions analysis as given by the low method detection limits (MDL). The MDL was 1μg/L for both fluoride and chloride. Bromide, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate had MDLs of 7 μg/L, 10 μg/L, 9 μg/L and 2 μg/L, respectively. Good precision was obtained as shown in the relative standard deviation of 0.1 to 12% for peak area and 0.1 to 0.3% for retention time. The sensitivity of the method improved with the addition of CO2 suppressor to chemical suppression as shown in the lower background conductivity and detection limits. The recoveries of the anions spiked in water at 300 μg/L level ranged from 100 to 104%. The method was demonstrated to be sensitive, accurate and precise for trace analysis of the six anions and was applied in the anions analysis in ground and tap waters in Malolos, Bulacan. The water samples were found to contain high concentrations of chloride of up to 476 mg/L followed by sulfate (38 mg/L), bromide (1 mg/L), phosphate (0.4 mg/L), fluoride (0.2 mg/L) and nitrate (0.1 mg/L). Keywords: Ion chromatography, chemical suppression, CO2 suppression, anions
EFFECT OF UV-LIGHT AND - IRRADIATION OF APPLE JUICE ON ORGANOCHLORINATED PESTICIDE RESIDUES

Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Mu'tah University, Karak-Jordan . ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of UV-light and irradiation on the organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) residues in apple juice. The use of irradiation ( 60 Co) led to a degradation percentage of 30% after a dose of 25 kGray, while the irradiation with 5 kGray was found to produce insignificant effect on OCP’s residues when compared with the control. On the contrary, the use of the UVC for a period of 25 min led to 90% reduction of the most OCP’s. Moreover, a 30-min increase in the exposure time of the contaminated apple juice led to almost complete destruction of OCP’s after exposure to UVC-ray. Therefore, the exposure time was found to be significantly (P<0.05) effective in complete degradation of OCP’s when exposed to UV-light, while not effective in complete removal of the OCP’s in the case of irradiation regardless of the treatment dose.
RESISTANCE AND CAPACITANCE MEASUREMENTS ON LAMELLAR GRAPHITE-AMMONIA COMPOUNDS

Abstract : The theory of spontaneous polarization in ferroelectric solids leading to an infinite value in the dielectric constant is developed from classical electrodynamics and thermodynamics. The nature of the lamellar graphite compounds is discussed and similarities in the structure of one of these, the graphite-ammonia compound, to a recognized ferroelectric, Potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate, is pointed out. The details of the equipment and the procedures necessary to form the lamellar graphite-ammonia compound using pyrolytic graphite and to test the compound to determine if it exhibits ferroelectric properties are discussed. Ferroelectricity in the graphite-ammonia compound was not observed. Differences in the results obtained using pyrolytic graphite and those obtained using polycrystalline graphite by other observers to form the graphite-ammonia compound are pointed out and discussed.