Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2-17498 p12-14 APMdj

Eurasian watermilfoil ( Myriophyllum spicatum L.) and hybrid watermilfoil ( Myriophyllum spicatum × M. sibiricum ) are invasive submersed plants that coexist in the Great Lakes and Pacific Northwest regions. The auxin-mimic herbicides triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) are commonly used to control these species at recommended use rates of 1.5 to 2.5 mg L -1 and 2.0 to 4.0 mg L -1 , respectively. Recent field data suggest that following some early season applications, control of watermilfoil may be related to extended exposures to low concentrations of these herbicides. Two greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of lower concentrations and extended exposures of 2,4-D and triclopyr on both Eurasian and hybrid watermilfoil. Concentrations evaluated included 0, 25, 70, 100 and 250 μg L -1 2,4-D amine or triclopyr. At 7 weeks after treatment, Eurasian watermilfoil biomass was significantly reduced with all rates of 2,4-D and triclopyr in both studies. Triclopyr at rates of 70 to 250 μg L -1 controlled hybrid watermilfoil by 88 to 100% in study 1, while all rates of triclopyr resulted in 100% control of hybrid watermilfoil in study 2. The 2,4-D treatments of 25 to 100 μg L -1 were not different from the untreated control, whereas the 250 μg L -1 treatment resulted in a 95% biomass reduction for hybrid milfoil in study 1. In study 2, 2,4-D at 70 μg L -1 and higher controlled hybrid watermilfoil by 93 to 100%. Results from these studies indicate that low rates and extended exposures of both triclopyr and 2,4-D can be effective at controlling both Eurasian and hybrid watermilfoil; however, different hybrid watermilfoil accessions may respond differently to low concentrations of the auxin-mimic herbicides. The ability to utilize low concentrations of these compounds in areas with limited water exchange may represent a cost-effective, selective, and large-scale treatment strategy not fully utilized today.
Do Juries Add Value?: Evidence from an Empirical Study of Jury Trial Waiver Clauses in Large Corporate Contracts

We study jury trial waivers in a data set of 2,816 contracts contained as exhibits in Form 8-K filings by reporting corporations during 2002. Because these contracts are associated with events deemed material to the financial condition of SEC-reporting firms, they likely are carefully negotiated by sophisticated, well-informed parties and thus provide presumptive evidence about the value associated with the availability of jury trials. Only a small minority of contracts, about 20 percent, waived jury trials. An additional nine percent of contracts had arbitration clauses that effectively preclude jury trials though the reason for arbitration clauses need not specifically relate to juries. We explore three groups of factors to explain the pattern of jury trial waivers: (1) contract-specific factors: the subject matter of a contract, a measure of its standardization, choice of law, and choice of forum, (2) contracting-party factors: domestic vs. international status, place of business, place of incorporation, attorney locale, and industry, and (3) factors external to the contracts and parties: perceptions of local jury fairness in the forum specified in the contract and the relative length of jury and bench trial queues in that forum. Contract-type is significantly associated with jury trial waivers. For example, over 50 percent of security agreements and over 60 percent of credit commitments waived jury trials. In contrast, only five percent of employment contracts, two percent of bond indentures, and 3.5 percent of pooling service agreements waived jury trials. Choice of forum, greater contract standardization, and perceived fairness of juries are significantly associated with jury trial waivers. Over 80 percent of the contracts designating Illinois as a forum contained jury trial waivers whereas less than half the contracts designating New York as a forum, and only about one-third of the contracts designating California, Texas, or Florida as a forum contained waiver clauses. Jury trial waivers were not more common in international contracts. Our results suggest that, contrary to a widespread perception about the alleged inadequacies of juries in complex business cases, sophisticated actors may perceive that juries often add value to dispute resolution.
Regulating Cellular Behavior on Few‐Layer Reduced Graphene Oxide Films with Well‐Controlled Reduction States

Understanding the effect of graphene on cellular behavior is important for enabling a range of new biological and biomedical applications. However, due to the complexity of cell responses and graphene surface states, regulating cellular behaviors on graphene or its derivatives is still a great challenge. To address this challenge we have developed a novel, facile route to regulate the cellular behaviors on few‐layer reduced graphene oxide (FRGO) films by controlling the reduction states of graphene oxide. Our results indicate that the surface oxygen content of FRGO has a strong influence on cellular behavior, with the best performance for cell attachment, proliferation and phenotype being obtained in moderately reduced FRGO. Cell performance decreased significantly as the FRGO was highly reduced. Moderate performance was found in non‐reduced pure graphene oxide and control glass slides. Our results highlight the important role of surface physicochemical characteristics of graphene and its derivatives in their interactions with biocomponents, and may have great potential in enabling the utility of graphene based materials in various biomedical and bioelectronic applications.
Improved Structure of Integrated Magnetics for High Frequency LLC Resonant Converters (Revised Sep 2013)

In this letter, an improved structure of High Frequency (HF) magnetic integrated planar transformer is proposed and the prototype transformer is demonstrated. In comparison to conventional planar integrated magnetics; the improved structure has a better ability on leakage inductance adjustment. Also; instead of using expensive Printed Circuit Board (PCB) windings on the primary side, multi-strand Litz wires are used for the design. The transformer is fabricated with two common EE shape magnetic cores along with magnetic insertions placed between the primary and secondary windings (outside the main core). To analyze the proposed transformer, the numerical 3-D Finite Element Method (FEM) technique is employed to investigate the eddy current losses and the adjustment of the leakage inductance.
How Firms Use Domestic and International Corporate Bond Markets

This paper provides the first comprehensive documentation of how firms use domestic and international corporate bond markets. Debt issues in domestic and international markets have different characteristics, not explained by differences across firms or countries. International issues tend to be larger, of shorter maturity, denominated in foreign currency, include more fixed rate contracts, and entail lower yields. These patterns remain when analyzing issues by firms from countries with more developed domestic markets and higher financial integration, and even when comparing issues conducted by the same firm in different markets. These findings are consistent with the views that (1) frictions limit the ability of investors and firms to enter into certain contracts in certain markets, (2) domestic and international markets provide distinct financial services and firms use them as complements, and (3) firms with access to domestic and international markets enjoy advantages relative to those that rely solely on domestic markets.
The outcomes of works councils : the role of trust, justice and industrial relations climate.

This paper investigates trust and organizational justice as antecedents of Works Council (WC) effectiveness perceptions and the moderating role of industrial relations climate on this relationship. A two-year longitudinal study of Works Council participants in two UK organizations (a Housing Association and a Professional Services firm) was undertaken. Results support the hypotheses, finding positive significant relationships between both trust and organizational justice and WC outcomes of WC performance, WC usefulness, and outcome satisfaction. Industrial relations climate is found to moderate the relationship between justice and WC performance, WC usefulness and outcome satisfaction.
The Relationship between Personality Characteristics and Academic Procrastination of Students

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality characteristics and academic procrastination of secondary high school students. The statistical population of this study included all male and female students of secondary high school of the city of Orzooiyeh in Iran as 420 students (200 boys and 220 girls). In this regard, a sample of 201 students (96 males and 105 females) were selected by stratified random sampling method on the basis of gender and according to Morgan table and responded to the short form five-factor personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) Rathbloom and Solomon academic procrastination questionnaire. Data obtained from these questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, variance and standard deviation and inferential statistics as regression. The results of data analysis showed that among five personality characteristics, two characteristics of neurosis and consciousness have a relationship with academic procrastination in both male and female groups commonly and neurosis predicts the academic procrastination positively (r 2 = 0.161 female and r 2 =0.302 male) and consciousness predicts the academic procrastination negatively (r 2 = 0.316 female and r 2 =0.241 male). Extroversion characteristics in female students (r 2 = 0.125) and agreeableness in male students (r 2 = 0.152) showed a significant negative relationship with academic procrastination. This is while openness to experience could predict academic procrastination of students.
PART ICIPATION AND ITS IM PACT ON THE DEVELOPMENTOF MATHEM ATICAL CONTENT KNOWL EDGE FOR TEACHING

We report on our efforts to support teachers’ development of mathematical knowledge for teaching through online professional development. In particular, we report on our investigation into the relationship between online interaction and teachers’ development of mathematics content for teaching. Through the integration of content analysis and social network analysis, we identify underlying relationships between aspects of online interaction and teacher learning. Results indicate that while interaction, broadly speaking, was not correlated with teacher learning, particular combinations of content and the centrality of an individual in the interaction were. Implications of these significant correlations for mathematics teacher education are discussed.
RADIOGENOMIC CORRELATION FOR PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORMAE

OF THE THESIS Radiogenomic Correlation for Prognosis in Patients with Glioblastoma Multiformae by Pallavi Machaiah Karnayana Master of Science in Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics San Diego State University, 2013 Introduction: Prognostic and predictive models based on pre-operative magnetic resonance (MR)imaging features can be a valuable tool in a clinical setting. The goal of this project is to determine the correlation between a highly prognostic genomic signature and a clinically applicable classification based on a combination of clinical (age, Karnofsky Performance Status) and qualitative imaging features (e.g., tumor volume, edema, noncontrast enhancing tumor (nCET), multifocality). Methods: Radiogenomic correlation methods were carried out using the caIntegrator tool. Publicly available data known as The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA)-glioblastoma multiformae (GBM) and expert derived qualitative imaging features from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) website were used. The caIntegrator tool that allows users to access and search across databases was used to perform radiogenomic correlations. The imaging features were categorized by experts reading pre-operative MRI scans and gene signatures were based on gene expression levels. The correlation of gene expression levels to three imaging features (edema, non-contrast enhancing tumor (nCET), satellites) was explored. Further, the correlation of two clinical features (age and KPS) to gene expression levels was also investigated. Cohorts segregated by median value of the top up/down regulated gene were then analyzed for median survival time. The mean value of the top upregulated gene was determined for each GBM subtype to test for significant differences in GBM sub-types. Results: All three imaging features identified the same top regulated gene Periostin (POSTN). Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis using POSTN median value showed that subjects in the cohort with greater than median value had a lower mean survival time. The Classical GBM subtype also had significantly elevated values of the POSTN compared to the other sub types. Discussion: The top upregulated gene identified in this study was the same as that identified by an earlier study using the quantitative index of edema volume. This shows that qualitative index of edema volume (this study) was as effective as the quantitative index of edema volume. The other two imaging features (nCET and satellite) were shown to be associated with edema volume; this may partially explain that the same set of genes were upregulated for all imaging features. Based on the findings in this pilot study, a more comprehensive study of more subjects, qualitative and quantitative imaging features is warranted.
Novel Data Splitting for Efficient High Performance Data DeDuplication in Network Attached Storage Devices

The information deduplication errand has pulled in a lot of consideration from the examination group keeping in mind the end goal to give compelling and proficient arrangements. The data gave by the client to tune the deduplication procedure is normally spoken to by an arrangement of physically marked sets. In substantial datasets, delivering this sort of marked set is an overwhelming errand since it requires a specialist to choose and name an expansive number of enlightening sets. In this exploration paper, the initial three phases of the systems are talked about that chooses a lessened arrangement of sets to tune the deduplication procedure in huge datasets. In the first arrange, we input the given dataset. In the second stage, a dynamic choice of the part system is finished with various document sizes and with the diverse existing approachs. The third stage includes packing the given spitted information. At last the deduplication techniques are executed and contrasted and the distinctive document sizes and diverse part procedures. By investigating the Mega Byte of information prepared/second, Compression proportion, Memory impression, Implementation exertion. To defeat the piece query plate bottleneck, By presenting a novel approach The approach utilizes the similitude between reinforcement information and square formulas to anticipate future lump demands.
Flow in meander bends with recirculation at the inner bank

In highly curved river bends, flow may separate at the inner bank to create a recirculation eddy with weak upstream flow. Very little is known about how recirculation eddies connect with the downstream flow or how the latter is affected by their presence. We investigate these questions using three‐dimensional time‐averaged computational fluid dynamics models of two natural bends with inner‐bank separation. Test measurements of velocity in one bend agree well with the simulation. Common points in the two simulations are that (1) an outer‐bank helix is only present in the upstream part of the bend, (2) maximum near‐bank velocities are highest here rather than beyond the apex as in most bends, (3) reverse flow extends farther across the channel at the surface than the bed, and (4) flow within the recirculation eddy has a three‐dimensional structure, linked with that in the outer‐bank free stream. Substantial differences in detail between the two bends appear to be due to differences in upstream planform, manifested through the lateral distribution of inflow velocity.
An exploratory study on the utilisation of resilience by middle adolescents in reconstituted families following divorce

Every year thousands of core families disintegrate through divorce, and in the ensuing restructuring of the family system the child has to cope with various development challenges, such as divided membership of two micro family systems and complexities that result at the mesosystemic level. Achieving positive development outcomes in the presence of challenging living circumstances entails complex interactive processes. The aim of the study was to understand the concomitant, reciprocal and/or responsive dynamics of middle adolescents’ use of their inherent resilience potential in their movement back and forth between their two reconstituted family systems after the parents’ divorce. The study was grounded in the qualitative interpretivist paradigm, and used a multiple case study as research design and a narrative format for description. A purposive sample of four white Afrikaans-speaking middle adolescents participated in the research. Findings revealed that middle adolescents of divorced parents utilise their resilience potential in a systemic manner, which requires a solid base provided by the meso system. Hence the utilisation of resilience relies at the very minimum on a functional relationship of cooperation between the biological parents.
U.S. Consumers' Valuation of Quality Attributes in Beef Products

A sample of U.S. consumers were surveyed in a choice based experiment in the Fall of 2005 and Spring 2006 to elicit Consumers' preferences for quality attributes in beef products. Based on the resulting data, a random coefficients logit model is estimated, and Consumers' willingness to pay for these quality attributes in beef products is obtained. The results indicate that consumers have strong valuation for traceability, grass-fed, and U.S. origin attributes in a standard rib-eye steak and are willing to pay a premium for these attributes.
HAN & NIOSI_97817881156750_t (colour).indd

Since the late 1970s the Chinese economy has been fast catching up in many industries, including information and communication technologies, vehicles, and other sectors. The solar photovoltaic industry is different from the other industries. It is the only sector in which the Chinese have claimed a large market share in the world economy. How was this accomplished? What are the factors leading to the success of the Chinese solar PV companies? In the study of the solar PV sector we found that Chinese domestic factors alone cannot explain their success. The sector needs to be studied in a systematic way and at the global level, because its dynamics are global. Therefore the topics we decided to study in the solar PV sector with the theories of sectoral system of innovation are as follows:
Grain Nitrogen Source Changes over Time in Maize: A Review

Understanding the sources of grain N uptake (Grain N) in maize ( Zea mays L.) and especially the trade-off between reproductive-stage shoot N remobilization ( remobilized N) and reproductive-stage whole-plant N uptake (reproductive N) is needed to help guide future improvements in yield and N use efficiency (NUE). Therefore, a literature review was performed to investigate the knowledge gap concerning changes over time in Grain N sources and on N partitioning to the grain and stover plant fractions at maturity. The synthesis-analysis was based on 100 reports, which were divided into two time intervals: (i) research conducted from 1940 to 1990—"o ld Era"—and (ii) research conducted from 1991 to 2011—"New Era. " The most remarkable results were (i) Grain N concentration was the main parameter that has changed over time, (ii) reproductive N contributed proportionally more to Grain N for the New Era while r eproductive
Effects of increased pCO2 and temperature on the North Atlantic spring bloom. II. Microzooplankton abundance and grazing

The North Atlantic spring bloom is one of the largest annually occurring phytoplankton blooms in the world ocean. The present study investigated the potential effects of climate change variables (temperature and pCO2) on trophic dynamics during the bloom using a shipboard continu- ous culture system. The treatments examined were (1) 12°C and 390 ppm CO2 (ambient), (2) 12°C and 690 ppm CO2 (high pCO2), (3) 16°C and 390 ppm CO2 (high temperature), and (4) 16 °C and 690 ppm CO2 (greenhouse). Individually, increasing temperature and pCO2 initially resulted in sig- nificantly higher total microzooplankton abundance and grazing rates over the ambient treatment mid-experiment, with significantly greater increases still in the greenhouse treatment. By the end of the experiment, microzooplankton abundance was highest in the 2 low temperature treatments, which were dominated by small taxa, while the larger ciliate Strombidium sp. numerically dominated the high-temperature treatment. Microzooplankton community composition was dominated by small taxa in the greenhouse treatment, but total abundance declined significantly by the end after peak- ing mid-experiment. This decrease occurred concurrently with the growth of a potentially unpalat- able phytoplankton assemblage dominated by coccolithophores. Our results suggest that indirect effects on microzooplankton community structure from changes in phytoplankton community com- position as a result of changing temperature or pCO2 were likely more important than direct effects on microzooplankton physiology. Similar changes in trophic dynamics and whole plankton commu- nity composition may also be important for future climate-driven changes in the North Atlantic spring bloom assemblage.
TURNING BEHAVIOR IN HUMANS: THE ROLE OF SPEED OF LOCOMOTION

We tested the turning behavior of participants under a single-trial procedure that emphasized assessing the initial conditions for learning. In two experiments, male and female university students (Experiment 1), and amateur male soccer players (Experiment 2), were asked to first walk or run along a T-shaped runway (10.8 m long) and then return by either the right or left side of the same runway. Non-significant differences in walking or running were found with respect to turning behavior; however, under the running condition, the soccer players showed the highest proportion of left turns, followed by male students. When the data of the running condition were analyzed in terms of speed (m/s), participants running at slow and medium speed preferred to turn right; in contrast, participants running at high speed preferred to turn left. It is suggested that the ecological approach to learning may provide a conceptual framework for the study of turning behavior.
Metal Injection Moulding of Superelastic TiNi Parts

TiNi shape-memory properties are successfully used today for the fabrication of various technical devices. The limited machinability and high cost of TiNi encourage the use of near-net shape production techniques such as metal injection moulding. In this work TiNi alloys tensile test specimens are produced by metal injection moulding from pre-alloyed powders. A binder based on a mixture of polyethylene, paraffin wax and stearic acid is used. Parts with a density of about 96.6% of theoretical density are obtained. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with EDX measurements reveals a microstructure consisting of a TiNi matrix with small Ti4Ni2Ox and TiC inclusions. DSC and X-ray diffraction observations indicate the presence of additional Ni4Ti3 precipitates. The parts exhibit full superelasticity at room temperature even for strains of up to 4%, without the need for additional thermal post-treatments. Ultimate tensile strengths up to 980 MPa are obtained.