Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Promoter methylation analysis of CDH1 and p14ARF genes in patients with urothelial bladder cancer

Background/aim Urothelial bladder cancer arises from the accumulation of multiple epigenetic and genetic changes. We aimed to investigate the specificity and sensitivity of gene-specific promoter methylation of CDH1 and p14ARF genes in the early diagnosis of bladder cancer and compare those with other diagnostic tests in our population. Patients and methods In the current study, 65 patients with urothelial bladder cancer and 35 controls without any history of cancer were recruited. Methylation profiles of CDH1 and p14ARF genes from tumor and urine samples were determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction method. Results Methylation of CDH1 and p14ARF genes in tumor samples was 95.4% and 78.5%, respectively. The methylation frequencies were found to be 68.8% for CDH1 gene and 72.9% for p14ARF gene in urine samples. Sensitivities of CDH1, p14ARF and urine cytology were found to be 67.4%, 72.1% and 34.9%, respectively, while their specificities were 93.9%, 63.6% and 93.9%, respectively. Conclusion Aberrant promoter methylation of CDH1 and p14ARF genes can be used to detect urothelial bladder cancer. In low-grade tumors, when compared with urine cytology, combined methylation analysis of CDH1 and p14ARF genes may not increase the sensitivity to identify malignant cells in urine samples.
Design of GPS/WLAN antenna for full metal cover tablet PC

To accommodate the need of full metal tablet PC, an antenna designed to be applicable to GPS, WLAN and communication is proposed. Some techniques of frequency adjustment and impedance matching are employed, such as the use of shorted metal post, and slotting. The proposed antenna is planar and can be fabricated by printed circuit board technology. High efficiency and gain compared to traditional antenna of tablet PC are obtained.
The Prevention of Brain Metastases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation

Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients frequently develop brain metastases (BM), even though the initial imaging with brain CT or MRI was negative. Stage III patients have the highest risk to develop BM, with an incidence of approximately 30%. BM can lead to neurocognitive disorders, loss of quality of life (QoL), and they are the most important factors influencing patient’s overall survival (OS). Although a radical local treatment of BM may be possible with primary radiosurgery or after resection, the prognosis often remains poor. Preventing the development of BM through prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) may improve the outcome of these patients. Methods Data from published randomized trials comparing PCI with non-PCI were sought using electronic database (PubMed) searching, hand searching, and by contacting experts. Trials were included if they considered a randomized comparison of PCI and non-PCI, enrolled NSCLC patients, excluded patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, and reported results on BM occurrence. Each randomized controlled trial (RCT) was assessed for methodological quality using the Cochrane collaboration’s tool for the assessment of risk of bias. Study estimates were pooled using a fixed effects sample-weighted meta-analysis approach to calculate an overall estimate and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results on PCI-related toxicity, QoL, and OS were only reported descriptively. Results Seven RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 1,462 patients were analyzed, including 717 patients who received PCI and 745 patients who did not. The risk of developing BM was significantly decreased through PCI (13% reduction, RR 0.33; 95% CI 0.22–0.45). PCI-related toxicity and QoL data were limited. Acute toxicity mostly included fatigue, skin-related toxicity, and nausea or vomiting. Late toxicities such as headache, dyspnea, lethargy, and low grade cognitive impairments were also reported in some of the included RCTs. Results on OS were inconclusive. Conclusion The risk of developing BM was reduced in patients who received PCI compared to patients who did not. To implement PCI as the standard treatment for patients with NSCLC, the impact of PCI-related toxicity on QoL should be further investigated, as well as long-term OS. A future individual patient data meta-analysis could produce definitive answers to this clinical question.
Energy Efficient Transmitter with Low Resolution DACs for Massive MIMO with Partially Connected Hybrid Architecture

Millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have recently been proposed to meet the needs of the future wireless communication standards. The efficient use of low resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and hybrid architecture could significantly reduce the high power consumption associated with the mmWave MIMO system components. This paper designs an energy efficient transmitter with low resolution DACs for mmWave massive MIMO systems. An optimization problem is formulated and solved to find the optimal number of radio-frequency (RF) chains to be used at the transmitter to minimize the power consumption. This problem is constrained by the information loss which introduces the reduction of the number of the RF chains, expressed in terms of the system capacity. Rate and energy performance are compared with different beamforming techniques and architectures for various DAC resolutions.
A Large-Scale Evaluation Framework for EEG Deep Learning Architectures

EEG is the most common signal source for noninvasive BCI applications. For such applications, the EEG signal needs to be decoded and translated into appropriate actions. A recently emerging EEG decoding approach is deep learning with Convolutional or Recurrent Neural Networks (CNNs, RNNs) with many different architectures already published. Here we present a novel framework for the large-scale evaluation of different deep-learning architectures on different EEG datasets. This framework comprises (i) a collection of EEG datasets currently including 100 examples (recording sessions) from six different classification problems, (ii) a collection of different EEG decoding algorithms, and (iii) a wrapper linking the decoders to the data as well as handling structured documentation of all settings and (hyper-) parameters and statistics, designed to ensure transparency and reproducibility. As an applications example we used our framework by comparing three publicly available CNN architectures: the Braindecode Deep4 ConvNet, Braindecode Shallow ConvNet, and two versions of EEGNet. We also show how our framework can be used to study similarities and differences in the performance of different decoding methods across tasks. We argue that the deep learning EEG framework as described here could help to tap the full potential of deep learning for BCI applications.
An iterative method for optimal feedback control and generalized HJB equation

In this paper, a new iterative method is proposed to solve the generalized Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman ( GHJB ) equation through successively approximate it. Firstly, the GHJB equation is converted to an algebraic equation with the vector norm, which is essentially a set of simultaneous nonlinear equations in the case of dynamic systems. Then, the proposed algorithm solves GHJB equation numerically for points near the origin by considering the linearization of the non-linear equations under a good initial control guess. Finally, the procedure is proved to converge to the optimal stabilizing solution with respect to the iteration variable. In addition, it is shown that the result is a closed-loop control based on this iterative approach. Illustrative examples show that the update control laws will converge to optimal control for nonlinear systems.
Effect of Hole-Injection on Leakage Degradation in a  $p$ -GaN Gate AlGaN/GaN Power Transistor

The gate structure of a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-(Al)GaN gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is a direct bandgap hetero-PN junction, which emits light under forward bias above the threshold voltage. This internal light emission induces persistent photoconductivity (PPC) of the GaN channel/buffer layer, leading to the increase in OFF-state leakage current. In this letter, we studied the OFF-state leakage degradation induced by ON-state gate drive of a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-GaN gate HEMT. Two self-limiting functions are discovered: 1) saturation of the increment of leakage current under continuous pulse operations and 2) dramatically enhanced recovery speed of the internal light-emission-induced PPC effect at elevated temperatures. This letter indicates the robustness of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-(Al)GaN gate HEMTs in switching applications in spite of the seemingly inevitable leakage current degradation.
Traits-Based Integration of Multi-Species Inoculants Facilitates Shifts of Indigenous Soil Bacterial Community

Microbial co-inoculation is considered to be an innovative approach and had been applied worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms of microbial co-inoculants constructions, especially the trait-based combination of distinctly different microbial species remains poorly understood. In this study, we constructed two microbial co-inoculants with the same three strains with emphasis on the microbial, soil and plant traits. Microbial co-inoculants 1 (M1) were constructed according to soil fertility, microbial activity and cucumber nutrient requirement with a 2:1:2 ratio (Ensifer sp. NYM3, Acinetobacter sp. P16 and Flavobacterium sp. KYM3), while microbial co-inoculants 2 (M2) were constructed according to soil fertility and cucumber nutrient requirement with a 1:10:1 ratio without considering the difference in the nutrient supply capability of microbial species. The results showed that M1 and M2 both obviously increased cucumber yields. The M1 had significant highest pH value, total nitrogen (TN) and invertase activity (IA). The M2 had significant highest available phosphate (AP), NO3-N, urea activity (UA), and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA). Gammaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Armatimonadetes were significantly increased, while Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were significantly decreased by microbial co-inoculations (M1 and M2). The bacterial lineages enriched in M1 were Gammaproteobacteria and TM7. Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Deltaproteobacteria were enriched in M2. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) analysis showed that the bacterial communities were strongly separated by the different microbial inoculation treatments. The functional groups of intracellular_parasites were highest in M1. The functional groups of phototrophy, photoautotrophy, nitrification, fermentation, cyanobacteria, oxygenic_photoautotrophy, chitinolysis and animal_parasites_or_symbionts were highest in M2. Based on correlation analysis, it inferred that the M1 and M2 might promote cucumber yields by mediating bacterial community structure and function about nitrogen fixing and urea-N hydrolysis, respectively. Collectively, these results revealed that microbial co-inoculants had positive effects on cucumber yields. Trait-based integration of different microbial species had significant effects on soil properties and bacterial communities. It indicated that microbial activity should be considered in the construction of microbial co-inoculants. This will expand our knowledge in bacteria interaction, deepen understanding of microbial inoculants in improving plant performance, and will guide microbial fertilizer formulation and application in future.
The effects of stress during the mirror drawing test on electrogastrograms of subjects who underwent gastrointestinal surgery involving either total gastrectomy, distal gastrectomy, or total esophagectomy with colonic replacement

Electrogastrograms (EGGs) were recorded from 16 locations on the thoraco-abdominal surface to find the maximum absolute power foci during rest (RAP) and the maximum ratio of the % content during the mirror drawing test (MDT) compared to that during rest (%C-MDT/R) for both the 3 cpm (2.4–4.9) and 6 cpm (5.0–7.4) groups. The maximum foci were obtained from control subjects and those who received gastro-intestinal surgery via total gastrectomy (TG), distal gastrectomy (DG), and total esophagectomy with colonic replacement (CR). The control mean of the infraumbilical channels 10–16 (I) expressed as %C-MDT/R of the 3 cpm group was higher than the mean of the supraumbilical channels 1–9 (S) (I>S, P<0.001). The maximum focus of the 3-cpm %C-MDT/R was in the left umbilical area, while that of the 6-cpm %C-MDT/R was found bilaterally in the right epigastric and left umbilical areas, interposed by the lower %C-MDT/R gastric area. Therefore, the presence of gastric EGG inhibition and colonic facilitation are suggested to occur during MDT. In TG and DG, the foci of the %C-MDT/R in the 3-cpm group were located bilaterally in the right epigastric and left umbilical areas. The shifts of foci suggest colonic EGG facilitation. The mean S of the 3-cpm group was significantly higher than the mean I with CR (S>I, P<0.05). The maximum foci of the 3- and 6-cpm groups were in the epigastrium. These results suggest colonic EGG facilitation in the epigastrium, as the stomach has been removed and the original gastric location is instead occupied by the transverse colon in CR.
An Improved Method of Step Length Estimation with Inertial Sensors

This paper addresses reliable and accurate step length estimation using inertial sensors. Step length is an important parameter for the accurate position required in the location and navigation system. To tackle the challenges of drifting in accelerometer, sensitivity to user physical characteristics and walking profiles, as well as variability in environment, we have developed a calibration algorithm for reliable detection of gait parameters including step number, step frequency, maximum and minimum of acceleration magnitude. We''ve built a Radial-basis Function (RBF) neural network to train the model of step length that can adapt to different users. The established mathematical model can achieve the simple and efficient estimation of step length in realtime system. Extensive experiments have been conducted on 5 subjects with 3263 steps testing in total. Evaluation results showed our improved step length estimation method can achieve the recognition rate for step detection of 96% and a mean error of 0.04m for the step length estimation. Index Terms-location and navigation; gait parameters calibration; RBF network; step length model
Impossibility of Precise and Sound Termination-Sensitive Security Enforcements

An information flow policy is termination-sensitive if it imposes that the termination behavior of programs is not influenced by confidential input. Termination-sensitivity can be statically or dynamically enforced. On one hand, existing static enforcement mechanisms for termination-sensitive policies are typically quite conservative and impose strong constraints on programs like absence of while loops whose guard depends on confidential information. On the other hand, dynamic mechanisms can enforce termination-sensitive policies in a less conservative way. Secure Multi-Execution (SME), one of such mechanisms, was even claimed to be sound and precise in the sense that the enforcement mechanism will not modify the observable behavior of programs that comply with the termination-sensitive policy. However, termination-sensitivity is a subtle policy, that has been formalized in different ways. A key aspect is whether the policy talks about actual termination, or observable termination. This paper proves that termination-sensitive policies that talk about actual termination are not enforceable in a sound and precise way. For static enforcements, the result follows directly from a reduction of the decidability of the problem to the halting problem. However, for dynamic mechanisms the insight is more involved and requires a diagonalization argument. In particular, our result contradicts the claim made about SME. We correct these claims by showing that SME enforces a subtly different policy that we call indirect termination-sensitive noninterference and that talks about observable termination instead of actual termination. We construct a variant of SME that is sound and precise for indirect termination-sensitive noninterference. Finally, we also show that static methods can be adapted to enforce indirect termination-sensitive information flow policies (but obviously not precisely) by constructing a sound type system for an indirect termination-sensitive policy.
A compact K-band planar antenna with high gain and narrow beam

In this paper, a narrow-beam antenna operating in the K-band is proposed. The half-power lobe width of the E-plane and the H-plane is 10° and 5 °, respectively. The maximum gain is 27dB with the aperture efficiency as high as 63.68%. In order to reduce the size of the antenna and the loss of the feed network, the antenna is fed at the non-radiating edge, ensuring high gain and narrow beam at the same time. The parallel-fed network used in this paper guarantees the beam-pointing not changing with the frequency. This antenna is a good choice for high-precision radar.
Cell Range Expansion with Geometric Information of Pico-Cell in Heterogeneous Networks

Taking the positions of pico-cell base stations (PBSs) into consideration, a scheme of cell range expansion (CRE) for maximum sum rate is addressed in heterogeneous multi-input multi-output multi-user wireless networks. The optimal CRE bias obtained numerically by the proposed CRE scheme with intercell interference coordination (ICIC) allows us to maximize the sum rate while successfully maintaining the load balance between the macro-cell base station and PBSs. Numerical results confirm that the proposed CRE scheme with ICIC can provide a higher sum rate than conventional schemes while maintaining balanced load.
QiDiTangShen Granules Reduced Diabetic Kidney Injury by Regulating the Phosphorylation Balance of the Tyrosine and Serine Residues of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication induced by diabetes mellitus (DM), which can affect life quality and long-term prognosis of patients with DM. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) are currently recommended for treating DN proteinuria, but patients receiving ACEI/ARB are at risk of elevated serum creatinine or potassium levels. Based on the “yin-yang” theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the present study explored the effect of QiDiTangShen (QDTS) granules on DN and the phosphorylation balance of tyrosine and serine residues of IRS-1. Methods In this experiment, db/db mice were used as an animal model for type 2 diabetic nephropathy. The intervention (QDTS granules and valsartan) started when the mice were 12 weeks old. C57BL/6 mice were used as normal control. The urine albumin excretion ratio (UAER) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after the intervention. The IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, and MAPK proteins expression and the phosphorylation levels were detected by western blot. Results QDTS granules reduced the 24-h urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE) in db/db mice with type 2 DM and attenuated the pathological changes of the kidney. QDTS granules also increased the activation level of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and reduced insulin resistance. In addition, QDTS granules inhibited the activation of ERK and p38MAPK and decreased the phosphorylation ratio of Ser307/Tyr896 of IRS-1 in renal tissue. Conclusions QDTS granules reduced DM-induced renal injury by improving insulin sensitivity via suppressing MAPK signaling and restoring the phosphorylation balance of tyrosine/serine of IRS-1.
Analysis of numerical interleaver for IDMA scheme

This research work presents a novel numerical interleaver for generation of user specific interleaving sequences, for interleave-division multiple-access (IDMA) system. In general, all the interleaving sequences, used by users, need to be transferred to receiver side for extracting the user specific data with help of de-interleaving process. In the proposed interleaver, there is no need to transfer any interleaving sequences to the receiver. This interleaver eliminates the problem of high consumption of bandwidth as the interleaved sequences depend only on few parameters and it can be easily generated at the receiver if receiver system is aware of these parameters. To make comparison with other interleavers, the bit error rate (BER) performance analysis has been performed under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel conditions based on the computer MATLAB simulations. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed numerical interleaver provides better BER performance since it allows the communication system to easily check for more orthogonal interleaving patterns by changing the values of few parameters.
از نوازش تا نوازه: نگاهی به مفهوم نوازیدن در آموزش زبان دوم

با توجه به اهمیت عوامل هیجانی و عاطفی در تدریس به‌ویژه تدریس زبان دوم، در این پژوهش کوشیدیم مفهوم نوازیدن (نوازش و نوازه) را بررسی کنیم. نیاز عاطفی انسان به نوازش فیزیکی در کودکی، در بزرگسالی بیشتر شکل نوازۀ معنوی و عاطفی به‌خود می‌گیرد. نوازه به‌معنی دیده‌شدن و به‌ رسمیت‌ شناختن ارزش‌های افراد است. در این پژوهش، ابتدا مفهوم نوازه را در روان‌شناسی و سپس در آموزش زبان دوم تبیین کردیم. آنگاه ضمن معرفی جدید انواع نوازه‌گر و نوازه‌شونده به افراطی، تفریطی و معتدل، کاربرد آن‌ها را در آموزش زبان نشان دادیم. زمانی که معلم با میزان نوازه‌گری خود و نوازه‌شوندگی شاگردان آشنایی نداشته باشد، تعامل مؤثر بین معلم و شاگرد حاصل نمی‌شود و حس ناراحتی ایجاد شده، ممکن است باعث از بین رفتن انگیزۀ مشارکت و یادگیری شاگردان شود. در پایان، ضمن تبیین کاستی‌های احتمالی این تقسیم‌بندی، پیشنهادهایی را برای انجام پژوهش‌های بیشتر ذکر کردیم.
Vulnerable to misinformation?: Verifi!

We present Verifi2, a visual analytic system to support the investigation of misinformation on social media. Various models and studies have emerged from multiple disciplines to detect or understand the effects of misinformation. However, there is still a lack of intuitive and accessible tools that help social media users distinguish misinformation from verified news. Verifi2 uses state-of-the-art computational methods to highlight linguistic, network, and image features that can distinguish suspicious news accounts. By exploring news on a source and document level in Verifi2, users can interact with the complex dimensions that characterize misinformation and contrast how real and suspicious news outlets differ on these dimensions. To evaluate Verifi2, we conduct interviews with experts in digital media, communications, education, and psychology who study misinformation. Our interviews highlight the complexity of the problem of combating misinformation and show promising potential for Verifi2 as an educational tool on misinformation.