Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of Age-Related Changes in Lumbar Intervertebral Discs

Study Design. A histologic study on age-related changes of the human lumbar intervertebral disc was conducted. Objectives. To investigate comprehensively age-related temporospatial histologic changes in human lumbar intervertebral disc, and to develop a practicable and reliable classification system for age-related histologic disc alteration. Summary of the Background Data. No comprehensive microscopic analysis of age-related disc changes is available. There is no conceptual morphologic framework for classifying age-related disc changes as a reference basis for more sophisticated molecular biologic analyses of the causative factors of disc aging or premature aging (degeneration). Methods. A total of 180 complete sagittal lumbar motion segment slices obtained from 44 deceased individuals (fetal to 88 years of age) were analyzed with regard to 11 histologic variables for the intervertebral disc and endplate, respectively. In addition, 30 surgical specimens (3 regions each) were investigated with regard to five histologic variables. Based on the semiquantitative analyses of 20,250 histologic variable assessments, a classification system was developed and tested in terms of validity, practicability, and reliability. The classification system was applied to cadaveric and surgical disc specimens not included in the development of the classification system, and the scores were assessed by two additional independent raters. Results. A semiquantitative analyses provided clear histologic evidence for the detrimental effect of a diminished blood supply on the endplate, resulting in the tissue breakdown beginning in the nucleus pulposus and starting in the second life decade. Significant temporospatial variations in the presence and abundance of histologic disc alterations were observed across levels, regions, macroscopic degeneration grades, and age groups. A practicable classification system for age-related histologic disc alterations was developed, resulting in moderate to excellent reliability ( values, 0.49–0.98) depending on the histologic variable. Application of the classification system to cadaveric and surgical specimens demonstrated a significant correlation with age (P 0.0001) and macroscopic grade of degeneration (P 0001). However, substantial data scatter caution against reliance on traditional macroscopic disc grading and favor a histologybased classification system as a reference standard. Conclusions. Histologic disc alterations can reliably be graded based on the proposed classification system providing a morphologic framework for more sophisticated molecular biologic analyses of factors leading to agerelated disc changes. Diminished blood supply to the intervertebral disc in the first half of the second life decade appears to initiate tissue breakdown. [
The use of Injectable Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Local Accident & Emergency Practice

Objective To review the utilization of injectable NSAID in local A&E practice. Materials and Methods NSAID utilization data, in relation to type and specialty, were retrieved through the hospital and central pharmacy computer systems of the Hospital Authority. Results A&E departments were the main users of injectable NSAID. Their expenditure exceeded other forms of NSAID and narcotic analgesics. Conclusion It seems that the use of injectable NSAID in local A&E practice may be excessive. The oral route should be the first consideration, as fast acting oral preparations are now available. As there are risks of severe local complications, stringent justifications should be confirmed before intramuscular administration.
HIV, Stigma, and Rates of Infection: Absence of Evidence

Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Reidpath and Chan [1] present absolutely no reasons or data that would undermine the hypothesis that stigmatization can increase the risk of HIV spread in populations (nor any in favor of their own contrary hypothesis that stigmatization could halt the spread of HIV). More data to address the question may be needed to establish either hypothesis, but motivations to collect such data should not come from illogical and inflammatory counterhypotheses. In the guidelines for correspondence to PLoS Medicine, we are advised that “. letters inciting racial hatred, sexism, or homophobia [will not be published]” [2], but the present authors skirt the commission of such acts very closely. After all, HIV prevalences also differ among races, sexes, and sexual orientations, so the stigmatization of groups with high rates of infection by those with lower rates of infection could be viewed as helpful to the goal of HIV containment. This seems unlikely to be helpful, and would impose a much greater societal cost. This essay is shameful in its intellectual dishonesty and lack of evidence to support its own unappealing counterhypothesis.
USING HEARING AID SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR HEARING PROTECTION

The single most common cause of hearing loss in the United States is almost entirely preventable. An estimated 12.5 percent of children and adolescents aged six to 19 years and 17 percent of adults aged 20–69 have suffered permanent damage to their hearing from excessive exposure to noise (Niskar et al. that over nine million Americans are exposed to average noise exposures greater than 85dB(A) (the level above which hearing loss can occur for a sizable percentage of the population if exposed for more than eight hours per day). It should be noted that OSHA's maximum permissible average daily noise exposure for an eight-hour day is 90dB(A). The National Institute of Occupational and Safety (NIOSH), OSHA's research arm, however, recommends an eight-hour exposure that averages no more than 85dB(A). The effects of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) are well known among hearing healthcare professionals. These include loss of audibility for soft and high-frequency speech sounds with consequential decrease in speech understanding, difficulty communicating in noisy environments, hypersensitivity to loud sounds, tinnitus, social withdrawal, conflicts with friends and family, and general degradation of quality of life. Nonhealth-related effects include annoyance, irritability, loss of concentration and degradation of job performance. If noise exposure is responsible for so many detriments to society, why isn't anyone doing anything about it? In fact, much has been done through the promulgation of federal, state and municipal laws and regulations designed to protect the worker from the adverse consequences of noise. Examples of federal agencies that have hearing loss-prevention regulations in place include OSHA, the Mine Safety and Health Four million workers go to work each day in damaging noise. Ten million people in the U.S. have a noise-related hearing loss. Twenty-two million workers are exposed to potentially damaging noise each year. In 2008, approximately two million U.S. workers were exposed to noise levels at work that put them at risk of hearing loss. In 2007, approximately 23,000 cases were reported of occupational hearing loss that was great enough to cause hearing impairment. Reported cases of hearing loss accounted for 14 percent of occupational illness in 2007. In 2007, approximately 82 percent of the cases involving occupational hearing loss were reported among workers in the manufacturing sector.
A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE WITH A REPORT OF 2 CASES

SUMMARY Colonic atresia is a rare condition, and only 69 cases have been reported. We add 2 further cases. The first case was diagnosed late and operation was carried out 51j2 days after birth. An ileostomy was performed and a final anastomosis was carried out 9 weeks later. The child is now 8 years old and growing normally. S. Afr. Med. l. , 47, 1965 (1973). Atresia of the colon is a very rare anomaly. The first case was described in 1673, and the first survival after surgical correction was reported in 1922. ' Since then cases have occurred all over the world and 69 successfully­ treated cases have been reported. Estimates of the incidence of gastro-intestinal atresia vary considerably. Evans' thinks that it occurs in 1:5000 live births, and other authors'" estimate the incidence to be between 1: 3 000 and 1:20 000 live births. Four to 15 % of the atresias occur in the colon. Freeman' reported 7 cases and noted that this abnormality comprised 1,8% of all the bowel atresias seen in his clinic. We have recently admitted a second case of isolated atresia of the colon. Coran' pointed out that no child in whom the diagnosis was delayed until the 4th day of life, had survived. This prompted us to publish our cases because case 1 was Si days old when operated upon. Excluded from this discussion are 2 other cases with extrophy of the bladder.
In-vitro assay for Cytotoxicity activity in ethonolic extract of fruit rind of Couropita Guianensis aubl

Couroupita guianensis possesses antibiotic, antifungal, antiseptic and analgesic qualities). The present work was undertaken to know more about CELL LINE CULTURE to ensure its usage in Pharmaceutical industries. Methanolic extract of C.guianensis flower produced central inhibitory effects in mice. The extract significantly reduced spontaneous motor activity in dose dependent manner which gives indications of the level of excitability of the central nervous system, and this decrease may be closely related to sedation resulting from depression of the central nervous system. To emphasizes the pharmacology study of fruit rind ethanolic extract through cell line cultures, acute toxicity and anticancerous activity Human breast cancer MCF 7 (GDC055), Human colon adenocarcinoma (GDC033) and African Green monkey kidney (VERO) cell lines were obtained from national centre for cell sciences Pune (NCCS).
Lingual Radicular Rift Valley in a Mandibular Right First Premolar Root: Report of a Rare Case and Review of the Literature

Las configuraciones radiculares irregulares que a menudo desafian las exigencias de un tratamiento de canal radicular exitoso, son siempre enganosas llevando al especialista a juicios clinicos y planificacion de tratamientos erroneos. En este articulo se describe, en un hombre de 76 anos de edad, un raro caso de un premolar mandibular que mediante CBCT se observa la forma de C con un area enorme de invaginacion midiendo 6 mm x 3 mm, lo que hemos denominado un "Rift valley radicular ". Teniendo en cuenta el complejo proceso de diagnostico diferencial, el estado general de enfermedad y la voluntad del paciente, se propusieron cinco planes de tratamiento y, finalmente, se eligio el plan B conservador compuesto por el tratamiento del canal radicular y tratamiento periapical. Una revision de la literatura relacionada se anade en este articulo para describir las situacion de invaginacion radicular, haciendo hincapie en la importancia del diagnostico y para proporcionar referencias para enfermedades similares futuras.
Glucagon like peptide-1: A new therapeutic target for diabetes mellitus

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an endogenous peptide secreted from the gut in response to the presence of food. GLP-1 and its longer acting analog exendin-4 have multiple synergistic effects on glucose dependent, insulin secretion pathways of the pancreatic β-cell and on plasticity in neuronal cells. Recently the development of these peptides as a novel therapeutic strategy for non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus and associated neuropathy has been the focus of much interest. Here we describe the biological actions of GLP-1 and its related analogs.
Redução da capacidade funcional e exacerbação da dor durante o esforço do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos em mulheres com fibromialgia

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia has been association with physical performance limitations. Additionally, activities of daily living have been reported to be directly associated with the exacerbation of pain and perceived exertion in this patient population. OBJECTIVES: To compare the performance of a 6-minute walk (6MWT) test in patients with fibromyalgia and controls and to evaluate the relationship between test performance and quality of life, limitations of activities of daily living and physical activity level. METHODS: The study included 19 women with fibromyalgia (FM) and 20 healthy controls (CG). A 6MWT was conducted and pain intensity and perceived effort (PE) were assessed during the test. In addition, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were applied. RESULTS: The fibromyalgia group walked significantly shorter distances when compared to the control group (FM: 473.52±77.84 m vs. CG: 541.75±85.62 m; p=0.02). In the fibromyalgia group, there was a negative correlation between distance in 6MWT and FIQ (r=-0.46; p=0.05), HAQ (r=-0.49; p=0.03) and oxygen consumption (r=0.78; p<0.01). There was also a correlation between HAQ and oxygen consumption (r=0.52; p=0.02). Participants with fibromyalgia had higher pain intensity and perceived effort during the test when compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Women with fibromyalgia had greater impaired of functional capacity, exacerbation of pain and exertion during the 6MWT when compared to healthy women.
Interview with Quality Leaders: Dr. Donna E. Shalala and Dr. Linda Burnes Bolton on the Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing at the Institute of Medicine

: The Institute of Medicine released a consensus report in October 2010, titled The Future of Nursing (FON): Leading Change, Advancing Health, which concluded significant change was needed in nurses' roles, responsibilities, and education to meet the increased demand for care that will be created by health care reform and to advance improvements in America's increasingly complex health system (http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health.aspx). Dr. Donna Shalala, Chair of the study, and Dr. Linda Burnes Bolton, Vice Chair of the study, spoke about the Future of Nursing (FON) at the Collaborative Alliance for Nursing Outcomes (CALNOC) conference to a predominately nursing and quality professional audience. This follow-up interview expands the discussion specifically for quality professionals, many of whom are nurses.
CHOOSING THE APPROPRIATE ANTITHROMBIN IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES

Therapy for unstable angina (UA)/non-STelevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) should combine antithrombotic as well as antianginal agents. Until recently, the standard antithrombotic regimen included unfractionated heparin (UFH) and aspirin. However, clinical trials suggest that low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) can replace UFH in most patients, even those receiving glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists. Enoxaparin, an LMWH, has demonstrated a sustained clinical and economic benefit in comparison to UFH in the management of UA/NSTEMI. There is also substantial evidence that cardiac catheterization is safe in patients receiving LMWH for acute coronary syndromes. Clinical trials with enoxaparin indicate that LMWHs are effective and safe as adjunctive therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, with or without the use of GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists. (Advanced Studies in Medicine. 2002;2(12):452-456)
Soroprevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B e pelo plasmódio em Lábrea, Amazonas: estimativa da ocorrência de prováveis coinfecções

The Amazon region is known for the high occurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and accounts for more than 98% of malaria cases in Brazil. Despite the controversy, it has been proposed that when associated they may lead to important effects in the natural history of both infections. This study estimates the prevalence of coinfection within general population of an endemic region of HBV and malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. The prevalence of HBsAg was 3.3% (95% CI 2.1%-5.1%,) and total anti-HBc 49.9% (95% CI 45.9%-53.8%). The prevalence of antibodies against Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum antigens was 51.4% (311/605) (95% CI 47.3%-55.4%). Related to the simultaneous presence of malaria antibodies and HBV serological markers, in 1.8% (11/605), (95% CI 1.0%-3.3%), the presence of HBsAg was also demonstrated, mean age 26 years (p <0.001). This study points to similarities in the distribution of these diseases, such as the occurrence mainly among young adults. The events may occur in different times. Also shown differences such as the low risk of malaria in the group up to fifteen years, where HBV circulates with moderate intensity. The prevalence of HBV and malaria coinfection is in fact less than the rates of HBsAg carriage, showing a heterogeneous pattern related to the clinical spectrum of HBV infection.
Serologic diagnosis of NMO: A multicenter comparison of

Epileptic seizures at initial presentation in patients with brain arteriovenous malformation Epileptic seizures often occur in patients harboring a brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM). This study examined 155 consecutive patients with AVMs based on prospectively coded MRI and digital subtraction angiography data, with 45 patients who initially presented with seizures. Seizures mainly occurred in AVMs with superficial drainage. The benefit of interventional AVM treatment remains to be determined. See p. 626 Prospective hemorrhage risk of intracerebral cavernous malformations Records and radiographic data were reviewed and follow-up after diagnosis was obtained for 292 patients with cavernous malformations to determine their future risk of hemorrhage. Risk differed by initial presentation; in patients with recurrent hemorrhage, the risk decreased over time. See p. 632
Applying an iterative method numerically to solve n × n matrix Wiener–Hopf equations with exponential factors

This paper presents a generalization of a recent iterative approach to solving a class of 2 × 2 matrix Wiener–Hopf equations involving exponential factors. We extend the method to square matrices of arbitrary dimension n, as arise in mixed boundary value problems with n junctions. To demonstrate the method, we consider the classical problem of scattering a plane wave by a set of collinear plates. The results are compared to other known methods. We describe an effective implementation using a spectral method to compute the required Cauchy transforms. The approach is ideally suited to obtaining far-field directivity patterns of utility to applications. Convergence in iteration is fastest for large wavenumbers, but remains practical at modest wavenumbers to achieve a high degree of accuracy. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling of dynamic phenomena and localization in structured media (part 2)’.
Sequencing cases in the operating room: predicting whether one surgical case will last longer than another.

UNLABELLED A microscope will be used for the first case of the day in operating room (OR) 1 and then may be used in the second case of the day by a different surgeon in a different OR, OR 2. Provided that the probability is reasonably high that the first case of the day in OR 2 will last longer than the first case in OR 1, the OR manager can be confident in scheduling the microscope to be used by both surgeons on the same day. The OR manager can use statistical decision theory to sequence cases to decrease the impact of limitations in equipment or personnel on case scheduling. This increases utilization of both the capital equipment and OR time. In this study, we derived equations that can be programmed into a surgical services information system to reliably estimate the probability that one case will have a longer duration than another. We confirmed the accuracy of our method by using actual case duration data. IMPLICATIONS Our statistical method uses historical case duration data from an operating room information system to estimate the actual probability to within 1.5% that the second case of a pair will last longer than the first case of a pair.
Clinicopathological and Dermoscopic Features in a Case of Linear and Unilateral Basaloid Follicular Hamartoma

Linear and unilateral basaloid follicular hamartoma (BFH) is a rare disease that manifests with papules and plaques with distribution along lines of Blaschko. It runs a benign course but with the risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in long term course. BCC can be differentiated from BFH with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Dermoscopic features of BCC are well studied. Dermoscopic features of BFH are not yet described in literature in detail probably due to rarity of the disease. Here, we present a case of extensive linear and unilateral BFH with its clinicohistopathological and dermoscopic features. The lesions were extensive to involve scalp, face, neck, upper, and lower trunk. Dermoscopy revealed features similar to that of BCC including brown-grey globules and dots, in focus dots, brown linear and arciform structures, crown vessels, short fine telangiectasias, spoke wheel like structures without central dark point, white structureless areas with telangiectasias and keratotic plug. Other dermoscopic features of BCC like arborizing vessels, blue-grey ovoid nests, maple leaf-like areas, concentric structures, ulcerations, erosions and white streaks were absent in this case.
De meerwaarde van gezondheidspromotie en preventie binnen de GGZ

SAmeNvATTiNg geestelijke gezondheid krijgt in toenemende mate aandacht in het beleid van de gezondheidszorg. dat is positief, want een aanzienlijk aantal personen kampt met psychische problemen en het leidt geen twijfel dat geestelijke gezondheid voor iedereen van essentieel belang is. mede door de verhoogde belangstelling en de toegenomen zorgvraag krijgt de geestelijke gezondheidszorg (ggz) het moeilijk. het aanbod blijft achter bij de vraag, waardoor wachtlijsten ontstaan en de mensen die zorg nodig hebben, niet voldoende aan bod komen. op korte termijn staat de sector voor de uitdaging om steeds meer mensen te ondersteunen met beperkte tijd en middelen. er is dan ook nood aan een positieve en toekomstgerichte aanpak. meer aandacht voor preventie en gezondheidspromotie in de ggz kan hierin een belangrijke rol spelen. na een overzicht van de huidige situatie in de ggz wordt daarom stilgestaan bij de concepten geestelijke gezondheidspromotie en preventie. daarna worden barrières voor de ggz in kaart gebracht en wordt toegelicht hoe initiatieven die focussen op geestelijke gezondheidspromotie en preventie, kunnen bijdragen aan oplossingen. hierbij worden internationale initiatieven als voorbeeld aangehaald, maar is er ook aandacht voor vlaamse inspanningen. Ten slotte wordt ook de specifieke rol toegelicht die klinisch psychologen hierin kunnen spelen.