Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of marketization process on China's forestry economic growth – based on the statistical yearbook data from 1978 to 2016

PurposeThe paper aims to explore the impact of marketization on forestry economic growth. Firstly, the development process of forestry marketization was summarized. Secondly, from the three dimensions of forestry production factor marketization, production marketization and product marketization, the framework of marketization is constructed by the authors.Design/methodology/approachBased on the yearbook data from 1978 to 2016, the relationship between forestry marketization and forestry growth was demonstrated through multiple regression and Granger test in this paper.FindingsThe results showed that forestry marketization was one of the important driving factors that impacted on China's forestry economic growth. Since the reform and opening up, China's forestry marketization degree has been constantly strengthened, but there is still room for improvement. China has provided an important model as forestry marketization reform and development sample for the world.Social implicationsMany useful references and inspirations have been provided from China such as gradually promoting market-oriented reforms; paying attention to the important role of reform and opening up in the construction of market mechanism; dynamic coordination of market and government relations; developing and connecting the relationship between domestic and international market; and coordinating the development of forestry state-owned economy, private economy and mixed ownership economy.Originality/valueThis paper creates a measure index of forestry marketization from three dimensions of forestry production factor marketization, production marketization and product marketization.
Mechanically controllable break junction in liquid environment : a tool to measure electronic transport through single molecules

This thesis discusses electronic transport measurements of single molecules in a liquid environment with the ultimate goal of demonstrating a molecular transistor addressed by a liquid gate. A mechanical controllable break junction with an integrated liquid cell is used as the measurement tool. We first studied the influence of different solvents on the conductance of gold junctions in the regime of tunneling and true metallic contacts. These measurements served as control experiment for the electrical characterization of single molecules. We then measured the conductance traces of thiolated C60 molecules while varying the electrode separation. The shape of the curves was found to be strongly influenced by the solvent. By using a resonant tunneling model, the electronic tunneling rates could be extracted. Finally, the effect of a liquid gate was tested on several tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) compounds. This thesis is organized in the following way. • The first chapter presents two different approaches for producing nanogaps in order to contact single molecules. One is based on electrochemical wires grown in pores, whereas the other method concerns the electrochemical narrowing of lithographically defined gaps. • The second chapter introduces the break junction and gives a short overview over its research field. Discussed are the geometry and the mechanical properties of the break junction and finally the conductance of atomic contacts. • Chapter 3 is dedicated to the fabrication of break junction samples and the measurement setup. • Electric conductance measurements of atomic contacts in liquid environments are presented in the forth chapter. This work was done with the perspective of measuring single molecules in the break junction. Also discussed is tunneling through alkanethiols. • Chapter 5 presents electric transport measurements through thiolated C60 molecules in a liquid environment. When varying the electrode separation a peak in the conductance traces has been observed. By applying a resonant tunneling model, we were able to extract electronic tunneling rates. • In Chapter six transport measurements through tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based molecules with an electrochemical gate are shown. A possible gate effect is discussed based on the I-V characteristics.
EXTENT TO WHICH HOME BACKGROUND DETERMINES TRANSITION FROM PRIMARY TO SECONDARY SCHOOL IN RONGO SUB COUNTY, KENYA

There are still disparities in transition in different parts of the country, reflecting existence of salient factors that determine transition in education other than policy or statutes. In Rongo Sub County transition has dwindled at about 42%, being notably lower than the national, county, sub-counties’ level. Specifically, the study set out to assess home background factors that affect transition of pupils from primary to secondary schools. The study employed descriptive survey research design to collect data. Data was collected from a sample size of 405 respondents. The mean ratings of 4.288, 4.276 & 3.97 from the response of secondary principals, primary school head-teachers and parents respectively show that family background was a determinant of transition of pupils from public primary to secondary schools. Article visualizations:
Problems in line broadening and ionization lowering

The sensitivity of spectral line shift has been investigated in the impact approximation for a variety of assumptions using the distorted‐wave with exchange approach. The formalism is applied to the Lyman‐alpha line of hydrogen and ionized helium to determine the influence of various approximations on the line shift as well as identifying the differences between a neutral and ionized radiator. These various assumptions and their consequence will be discussed and our results will be compared and contrasted with other calculations. Some speculation on the differences between them will be offered. In addition, the ionization state Z of a aluminum has been calculated in the average atom model and density functional approximations as a function of temperature and density. The values of Z were then used to determine the ionization lowering for several ionization stages. The lowering of ionization potential was calculated from the eigenvalues of the highest bound orbital energies. The important differences of results are compared with the ion sphere and Stewart‐Pyatt models, and the different theories critiqued.
Present day Agricultural Education Ecosystem and Assessment on Educational Aspirations of Farm Graduates

In the global ecosystem, swift changes are happening in the knowledge sphere. The present study aims to find out the aspirations of the agricultural graduates regarding their education and agriculture. The study was conducted in the three Agricultural Colleges of Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) through open online survey. Well-structured questionnaire was prepared using ‘Google forms’, an online application and data was collected by publishing it online in KAU Student’s Community through ‘Facebook’. Among the sixty four respondents, all the respondents were B.Sc. Agriculture degree holders from KAU and vast majority of the respondents were girls. Majority of the respondents are having medium level of educational, agricultural aaspirations. More than three fifth of the respondents (67.19%) are most interested doing post-graduation in agricultural sciences after completing their graduation. Over one third of respondents (39.10%) were mostly interested to become innovative and progressive farmers, where as less than onethird of the respondents (29.7%) are most interested in starting agricultural subsidiary enterprises. Original Research Article Anandaraja et al.; IJECC, 10(11): 127-133, 2020; Article no.IJECC. 61786 128
Measurement of the concentration of nutrients in grapevine petioles by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics

Background and Aims We determined the effectiveness of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a rapid and low-cost method for measuring the concentration of nutrients in grapevine petioles. Methods and Results Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra were recorded for 392 dried and ground petiole samples collected from Chardonnay, Semillon and Shiraz vineyards in the Riverina between 2003 and 2010. Predictive models of nutrient concentration obtained with standard reference methods were developed using partial least squares regression. Good predictive models were produced for all macronutrients, with R2 values for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S) of 0.945, 0.915, 0.951, 0.961, 0.940 and 0.849, respectively. For sodium (Na) and the micronutrients iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), R2 values were 0.773, 0.750, 0.743, 0.630, 0.612 and 0.835, respectively. When ranked according to the residual predictive deviation, expressed as the ratio of the standard error of performance to the calibration set standard deviation, values of 5.4, 3.8, 3.1, 3.8 and 3.5 were obtained for N, P, K, Mg and Ca, respectively; intermediate values of 2.4, 2.0 and 1.8 were obtained for S, Zn and Na, while Fe, Mn, B, Cu had a value of 1.3 or below. Conclusion All macronutrients in grapevine petiole tissue can be determined by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with sufficient accuracy to assess grapevine nutritional status against standard interpretive ranges. Certain micronutrients can also be determined, although the predictive models for these elements were not as robust as models for the macronutrients. Significance of Study The study presents a rapid, low-cost and easy-to-implement technique suited to the widespread adoption and routine analysis of plant tissue for the management of grapevine nutrition in the Australian winegrape vineyards.
Apply X-Ray Fluorescence and γ-Ray Spectroscopy to Analyze Igneous and Sedimentary Environmental Samples of Al-Atawilah (Al-Baha), Saudi Arabia

Igneous and sedimentary rocks contain an amount of natural radioactivity (NORM). U-238, Th-232 and their decay products, and K-40 are important sources of gamma-radiation. Knowledge of the radionuclide content of rocks is necessary to estimate the exposure of the population to the radiation. Many types of rocks are used in building and industries, thus the radiation detection is important, it provides a baseline map of levels of the radioactivity in the study region. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides (U-238 (Ra-226), Th-232 and K-40) and the fallout nuclide (Cs-137) (if found) in thirty samples of igneous and sedimentary rocks of Al-Atawilah (Al-Baha). The samples were collected and prepared during 2018/2019, and analyzed with a good experimental instrument (High energy resolution γ-ray spectroscopy with HPGe detector), also these rock samples were analyzed with X-ray fluorescence to subdivided these rocks based on the major oxides proportions contained of each sample. The mean activity concentrations of naturally radionuclides were found in the igneous rock samples varied depending on the type of the igneous rock. For sedimentary rock samples, the activity concentrations were found high for quartz sandstone sample, which may be due to its high proportion of SiO2 and K2O. The estimated mean values of absorbed dose rate are within the permissible limit value. The findings indicate high dose level values in granite (rhyolite) and most of diorite (andesite) igneous rock samples while gabbro (basalt) igneous rock samples (except for one sample) record low levels of dose rate. All sedimentary rock samples have low dose rate (except for the quartz sand-stone sample).
Phenomenological Expression of Solid‐State Redox Potentials of LiCoO2 , LiCo1 / 2Ni1 / 2 O 2, and LiNiO2 Insertion Electrodes

A phenomenological expression of solid-state redox potentials is proposed in order to understand anomalous voltage behaviors of the insertion materials LiCoO 2 , LiCo 1/2 Ni 1/2 O 2 , and LiNiO 2 . The method consists of the superposition of each redox system characterized by Eq. 4 and 5 (see text), describing both one-phase and two-phase reactions by adjusting the interaction-energy parameter zΦ i . For the reaction of □ MeO 2 + yLi → Li y MeO 2 , the reversible electrode potentials, E(y), which are observable, are obtained in a self-consistent manner from the electrochemical density of states. A thus-described solid-state electrochemical reaction consists of three redox systems characterized by E 0i = 4.50, 4.18, and 3.91 V for LiCoO 2 ; 4.23, 3.93, and 3.63 V for LiNiO 2 ; and 4.58, 4.05, and 3.58 V for LiCo 1/2 Ni 1/2 O 2 . From these results the characteristic features of solid-state redox electrodes are described and the significance of this method in materials research for advanced batteries is discussed.
New and Notable Records of Odonata from New Brunswick, Canada, with a Significant Eastern Range Extension of Enallagma anna

Abstract - We report the occurrences of Tramea lacerata (Black Saddlebags), Enallagma anna (River Bluet), and Epiaeschna heros (Swamp Darner) from localities in central and southwestern New Brunswick, Canada. The former 2 species are reported here for the first time from the province, and the Swamp Darner is reported for the second time, 118 years after the first known specimen was captured in 1899. Our record of a River Bluet represents a significant geographic range extension (∼500 km east).
Impact of China’s Recent Amendments to Air Quality Monitoring Protocol on Reported Trends

In September 2018, China’s air quality monitoring protocol was amended from the standard conditions to actual conditions for particulate matter and to reference conditions for gaseous pollutants. Due to the amendment, the reported concentrations of the gaseous pollutants decreased by a constant rate of 8.4%, and the averages of PM2.5 (particulate matter that has an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microns or smaller) reported during September 2017 and August 2018 decreased by 7.9 ± 6.1% at 99% of the monitoring stations. Comparing the periods before and after the amendment, the 12-month PM2.5 concentrations at 17.2% of the stations actually increased despite appearing to decrease if the amendments were not considered. We reviewed 370 papers published in 2020 that utilized this air quality dataset, and 21% of these papers used the data before and after the amendment without explicitly stating whether or how conversions were conducted. It is urgent to widely broadcast the protocol amendment to ensure proper use of this extensively cited dataset.
Group additivity calculation of the standard molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous amino acids, polypeptides and unfolded proteins as a function of temperature, pressure and ionization state

Group additivity calculation of the standard molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous amino acids, polypeptides and unfolded proteins as a function of temperature, pressure and ionization state J. M. Dick, D. E. LaRowe, and H. C. Helgeson Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, USA Received: 5 September 2005 – Accepted: 18 September 2005 – Published: 11 October 2005 Correspondence to: J. M. Dick (jedick@berkeley.edu) © 2005 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.
Imprinted Hydrogels with LbL Coating for Dual Drug Release from Soft Contact Lenses Materials

A combined strategy to control the release of two drugs, one anti-inflammatory (diclofenac sodium, DCF) and one antibiotic (moxifloxacin hydrochloride, MXF), from a soft contact lens (SCL) material, was assessed. The material was a silicone-based hydrogel, which was modified by molecular imprinting with MXF and coated by the layer-by-layer (LbL) method using natural polyelectrolytes: alginate (ALG), poly-l-lysine (PLL) and hyaluronate (HA), crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Imprinting was used to increase the amount of MXF loaded and to sustain its release, while the LbL coating acted as a diffusion barrier for DCF and improved the surface properties. The drugs were loaded by soaking in a DCF + MXF dual solution. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was successfully applied in the sterilization of the drug-loaded hydrogels. The transmittance, refractive index, wettability and ionic permeability of the hydrogels remained within the required levels for SCLs application. The concentrations of the released DCF and MXF stayed above the IC50 and the MIC (for S. aureus and S. epidermidis) values, for 9 and 10 days, respectively. No ocular irritancy was detected by the HET-CAM test. NIH/3T3 cell viability demonstrated that the drug-loaded hydrogels were not toxic, and cell adhesion was reduced.
Does Repetition Always Make Perfect? Differential Effects of Repetition on Learning of Own-Race and Other-Race Faces

Abstract People have a remarkable capacity to process and recognize faces. Yet, they fail to recognize the faces of individuals from other racial groups - the Other-Race Effect (ORE). We investigated the role of repetition - a powerful determinant of learning and memory - in reducing the ORE. We predicted that repetition would improve face learning, particularly for other-race faces, as these are poorly learned based on a single presentation. Because own-race faces are easily learned based on a unique presentation, they should benefit less from repetition. We tested this hypothesis across five experiments. Results showed that repetition not only did not reduce the ORE, but instead, it increased it. We discuss the theoretical implications of these findings for the ORE.
Subglacial upwelling in winter/spring increases under-ice primary
production

Abstract. Subglacial upwelling of nutrient rich bottom water is known to support high summer primary production in Arctic fjord systems. However, during the winter/spring season, the importance of subglacial upwelling has not been considered yet. We hypothesized that subglacial upwelling under sea ice is present in winter/spring and sufficient to increase phytoplankton primary productivity. We evaluated the effects of the subglacial upwelling on primary production in a seasonally fast ice covered Svalbard fjord (Billefjorden) influenced by a tidewater outlet glacier in April/May 2019. We found clear evidence for subglacial upwelling. Although the estimated entrainment factor (1.6) and total fluxes were lower than in summer studies, we observed substantial impact on the fjord ecosystem and primary production. The subglacial meltwater leads to a salinity stratified surface layer and sea ice formation with low bulk salinity and permeability. The combination of the stratified surface layer, a two-fold higher under-ice irradiance, and higher N and Si concentrations at the glacier front supported two orders of magnitude higher primary production (42.6 mg C m−2 d−1) compared to a marine reference site at the fast ice edge. The nutrient supply increased primary production by approximately 30 %. The brackish water sea ice at the glacier front with its low bulk salinity contained a reduced brine volume, limiting the inhabitable place and nutrient exchange with the underlying seawater compared to full marine sea ice. Microbial and algal communities were substantially different in subglacial influenced water and sea ice compared to the marine reference site, sharing taxa with the subglacial outflow water. We suggest that with climate change, the retreat of tidewater glaciers could lead to decreased under-ice phytoplankton primary production, while sea ice algae production and biomass may become increasingly important.
Omission of macronutrients in seedlings of biribazeiro (Rollinia mucosa [Jacq.] Baill) crown in nutrient solution

Biribazeiro e uma planta frutifera da familia Annonaceae, nativa da Amazonica e que se desenvolve bem em diferentes habitats. E uma planta que pode atingir altura media de 8 m. Cada nutriente exerce uma funcao especifica na planta, sendo que sua falta pode gerar perdas irreparaveis, podendo levar a planta a morte. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de biribazeiro submetidas a omissao de macronutrientes em solucao nutritiva. Os tratamentos foram: solucao nutritiva completa (SNC) = (K; P; Ca; N; Mg; S; Fe; Cu; B; Mo; Mn; Zn); deficiencia de potassio (-K) = (SNC-K); deficiencia de fosforo (-P) = (SNC-P); deficiencia de calcio (-Ca) = (SNC-Ca); deficiencia de nitrogenio (-N) = (SNC-N); deficiencia de magnesio (-Mg) = (SNC-Mg); deficiencia de enxofre (-S) = (SNC-S). O tratamento com solucao nutritiva completa promove maior media para diâmetro do caule. Observa-se reducao generalizada na altura e diâmetro do caule nas plantas cultivadas na solucao deficiente em nitrogenio. Para todas as caracteristicas avaliadas, as plantas cultivadas em solucoes deficientes em nitrogenio (-N) e calcio (-Ca) apresentaram sempre os menores valores. Isto demonstra a importância desses nutrientes para o crescimento do biribazeiro. Native of the Amazon forest, biribazeiro is a fruit crop of the Annonaceae family, that performs well in different habitats, reachingup to 8 m height. Each mineral nutrient performing a specific function, their absence might generate irreparable losses and induce plant death. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the initial growth of seedlings of biribazeiro subjected to macronutrient deficiency of s in nutrient solution. The treatments were: complete nutrient solution (SNC) = (K, P, Ca, N, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, B, Mo, Mn, Zn), potassium deficiency (-K) = (SNC-K); phosphorus deficiency (-P) = (SNC-P), calcium deficiency (-Ca) = (SNC-Ca), nitrogen deficiency (-N) = (SNC-N), magnesium deficiency (-Mg) = (SNC-Mg), sulphur deficiency (-S) = (SNC-S). The treatment with the complete nutrient solution had a greater average with respect to stem diameter. There is reduction in stem height and diameter in plants grown in nitrogen deficient solutions. For all the evaluated features, the plants grown in solutions nitrogen deficient (-N) and calcium (-Ca) consistently showed the lowest values. This shows the importance of these macronutrients in the development of biribazeiro.
Single‐Molecule Chemistry

Single molecules are the smallest building blocks of matter with chemical properties. The intrinsic properties of individual molecules cannot be understood in an ensemble of molecules where many properties are averaged and affected by local environment. We have investigated the nature of interaction between single molecules and surfaces from the chemistry point of view. The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a versatile and powerful tool for realizing the purpose of our study, not only because it can reveal images of individual molecules, but because it is now applicable to manipulation, chemical reaction, and probing quantum states of single molecules. Electronic, vibrational, or spin states are selectively excited with spectroscopy and sub‐nanometer spatial resolution is realized.