Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Re-examination of a Battlefield Trauma Golden Hour Policy.

BACKGROUND Most combat casualties who die, do so in the prehospital setting. Efforts directed toward alleviating prehospital combat trauma death, known as killed in action (KIA) mortality, have the greatest opportunity for eliminating preventable death. METHODS 4,542 military casualties injured in Afghanistan from September 11, 2001 to March 31, 2014 were included in this retrospective analysis to evaluate proposed explanations for observed KIA reduction following a mandate by Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates that transport of injured service members occur within 60 minutes. Using inverse probability weighting to account for selection bias, data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and simulation analysis to estimate the effects of 1) gradual improvement, 2) damage control resuscitation, 3) harm from inadequate resources, 4) change in wound pattern, and 5) transport time on KIA mortality. RESULTS The effect of gradual improvement measured as a time trend was not significant (AOR=0.99; 95%CI 0.94-1.03; p=0.58). For casualties with military injury severity score ≥ 25, the odds of KIA mortality were 83% lower for casualties who needed and received prehospital blood transfusion (AOR=0.17; 95%CI 0.06-0.51; p=0.002); 33% lower for casualties receiving initial treatment by forward surgical teams (AOR=0.67; 95%CI 0.58-0.78; p<0.001); 70%, 74%, and 87% lower for casualties with dominant injuries to head (AOR=0.30; 95%CI 0.23-0.38; p<0.001), abdomen (AOR=0.26, 95%CI 0.19-0.36; p<0.001) and extremities (AOR=0.13; 95%CI 0.09-0.17; p<0.001); 35% lower for casualties categorized with blunt injuries (AOR=0.65; 95%CI 0.46-0.92; p=0.01); and 39% lower for casualties transported within one hour (AOR=0.61; 95%CI 0.51-0.74; p<0.001). Results of simulations in which transport times had not changed after the mandate indicate that KIA mortality would have been 1.4% higher than observed, equating to 135 more KIA deaths (95%CI 105-164). CONCLUSIONS Reduction in KIA mortality is associated with early treatment capabilities, blunt mechanism, select body locations of injury, and rapid transport. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective/Case-control, Level III.
Breakdown mechanisms in MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions and correlation with low frequency noise

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are very attractive for magnetic random access memories (MRAMs), thanks to their combination of non-volatility, speed, low power and endurance. In particular spin transfer torque (STT) RAMs based on STT writing show a very good downsize scalability. However, an issue is that at each write event, the MTJ is submitted to an important electrical stress due to write voltage of the order of half of the electrical breakdown voltage. Here we present a study of breakdown mechanisms in MgO based MTJ performed under pulsed conditions. We developed a model of charge trapping/detrapping on barrier defects to explain and predict device endurance. We also show that endurance is correlated to low frequency 1/f noise and that such noise measurement could thus be used as a non destructive and predictive tool for the reliability of the devices.
Computational Sensorimotor Learning

Author(s): Agrawal, Pulkit | Advisor(s): Malik, Jitendra | Abstract: Our fascination with human intelligence has historically influenced AI research to directly build autonomous agents that can solve intellectually challenging problems such as chess and GO. The same philosophy of direct optimization has percolated in the design of systems for image/speech recognition or language translation. But, the AI systems of today are brittle and very different from humans in the way they solve problems as evidenced by their severely limited ability to adapt or generalize. Evolution took a very long time to evolve the necessary sensorimotor skills of an ape (approx. 3.5 billion years) and relatively very short amount of time to develop apes into present-day humans (approx. 18 million years) that can reason and make use of language. There is probably a lesson to be learned here: by the time organisms with simple sensorimotor skills evolved, they possibly also developed the necessary apparatus that could easily support more complex forms of intelligence later on. In other words, by spending a long time solving simple problems, evolution prepared agents for more complex problems. It is probably the same principle at play, wherein humans rely on what they already to know to find solutions to new challenges. The principle of incrementally increasing complexity as evidenced in evolution, child development and the way humans learn may, therefore, be vital to building human-like intelligence.The current prominent theory in developmental psychology suggests that seemingly frivolous play is a mechanism for infants to conduct experiments for incrementally increasing their knowledge. Infant's experiments such as throwing objects, hitting two objects against each other or putting them in mouth help them understand how forces affect objects, how do objects feel, how different materials interact, etc. In a way, such play prepares infants for future life by laying down the foundation of a high-level framework of experimentation to quickly understand how things work in new (and potentially non-physical/abstract) environments for constructing goal-directed plans.I have used ideas from infant development to build mechanisms that allow robots to learn about their environment by experimentation. Results show that such learning allows the agent to adapt to new environments and reuse its past knowledge to succeed at novel tasks quickly.
Is Crisis the Only Way to Put Innovators in Charge in Hierarchical Firm?

The way innovators are recruited and treated within organization impacts the company’s ability to innovate. Based on literature review this research finds evidence that contrary to Schumpeterian assumptions that large companies through concentration of resources play leading role in innovation process, big hierarchical firms may fail to innovate due to recruiting patterns. Corporate hierarchy, unlike markets, tends to maintain permanent and total control of the employees and to punish and push out the least controllable. The manager has personal interest to hire and promote the most controllable employees, the ones least threatening to the manager’s status and not the most creative or innovative. This inherent feature of any hierarchy may make it unable to recruit, promote innovators and thus maintain efficient innovation process. It leads to accumulation of innovation errors and lags and to regular crises within hierarchy and of hierarchy itself due to the lack of progress and innovation. However, the crises may lead to management renewal and innovators’ promotion to decisive positions and roles. On the other hand, it means that in order to adopt and implement innovations a hierarchy requires internal or external shocks, sometimes even self-generated or exaggerated.
Comilona: the game of balanced diet menus: Approaching Nutrition and Computational Thinking

This work describes the development and implementation of the Comilona game. It has been crafted from the beginning trying to emphasize the educational content and the players enjoyment at the same time. The users can practice and develop their skills in Computational Thinking with little or no programming knowledge. The game target audience is 8 to 12 years and it aims is cover programming concepts through the development of menus to a balance diet. Also, it discusses the potential benefits of this kind of games as a support tool to foster student motivation and abilities in problem solving. Keywords—computational thinking; game based learning; introductory programming, games and learning
Influence of US Presidential Terms on S&P500 Index Using a Time Series Analysis Approach

This paper examines the influence of US presidential terms on the stock market by focusing on the S&P500 index. Fractional integration techniques, which are more general than other standard methods, are used and the results obtained produce interesting findings. It was found that during the second presidential terms, stock markets are less efficient and present higher degrees of persistence in their volatilities. This is observed independently of the political affiliations of the president in power. The volatility, in general, reflects the spillover of economic excesses at the end of the first presidential term when seeking re-election into the second term in office. Expansionary monetary and fiscal policies at the end of the first term may create disequilibria in the economy which are amplified in the second term through a transmission mechanism resulting in contractionary interventionist policies in a situation where no incentive for re-election exists by the incumbent
CONSTRUCTION OF NESTED REAL IDEAL LATTICES FOR INTERFERENCE CHANNEL CODING

In this work we develop a new algebraic methodology which quantizes real-valued channels in order to realize interference alignment (IA) onto a real ideal lattice. Also we make use of the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion to estimate real-valued channels contaminated by additive Gaussian noise. Received: January 11, 2019 c © 2019 Academic Publications §Correspondence author 296 C.C. Trinca Watanabe et al AMS Subject Classification: 03G10, 06B05, 06B10, 11RXX, 13F10, 97N20
Voltage Unbalance Emission Assessment in Radial Power Systems

Voltage unbalance (VU) emission assessment is an integral part in the VU-management process where loads are allocated a portion of the unbalance absorption capacity of the power system. The International Electrotechnical Commission Report IEC/TR 61000-3-13:2008 prescribes a VU emission allocation methodology establishing the fact that the VU can arise at the point of common connection (PCC) due to upstream network unbalance and load unbalance. Although this is the case for emission allocation, approaches for post connection emission assessment do not exist except for cases where the load is the only contributor to the VU at the PCC. Such assessment methods require separation of the post connection VU emission level into its constituent parts. In developing suitable methodologies for this purpose, the pre and postconnection data requirements need to be given due consideration to ensure that such data can be easily established. This paper presents systematic, theoretical bases which can be used to assess the individual VU emission contributions made by the upstream source, asymmetrical line, and the load for a radial power system. The methodology covers different load configurations including induction motors. Assessments obtained by employing the theoretical bases on the study system were verified by using unbalanced load-flow analysis in MATLAB and using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software.
Choosing the delivery and return method in purchases: the effect of situational factors in omni-channel contexts

Abstract Even though retailers have engaged in many efforts to offer and integrate new alternatives for delivering and returning consumers’ purchases, it is not clear what motivates consumers to choose one option or another. Although most consumers are already familiar with options such as home delivery or pick-up locations, situational factors determine their choice among the different alternatives; no study has, however, addressed this topic before. To fill this gap, this study identifies 15 different situational factors to examine their influence on the selection of delivery and return options and the effect of consumers’ demographic characteristics. The empirical analysis is based on an online questionnaire distributed to 650 respondents (266 valid responses). In addition, this study uses MANOVA and ANOVA to determine the relationship between each situational factor and consumer characteristics. The results show that 13 situational factors have a significant impact on consumer decisions, and among them time pressure, the distance to the store and channel spill-over are the most influential factors. The results also show that situational factors significantly rely on individual characteristics. For instance, getting help from an employee is significantly more important for consumers who are under 25 years of age. The study reveals some valuable implications for retailers.
A Study on the Effect of Closed-Loop Wind Farm Control on Power and Tower Load in Derating the TSO Command Condition

This study was conducted to analyze the impact of surrounding environmental changes on the feedback gain and performance of a closed-loop wind farm controller that reduces the error between total power output of wind farm and power command of transmission system operator. To analyze the impact of environment changes on wind farm controller feedback gain, the feedback gain was manually changed from 0 to 0.9 with a 0.1 interval. In this study, wind speed and wind direction changes were considered as environment changes; it was found by simulation code that the wind farm controller gain is in inverse proportion to wake recovery rate. In other words, the feedback gain should be higher if the distance between upstream and downstream wind turbine is not sufficient to wake recovery. Furthermore, the feedback gain should be lower when the upstream wind turbine generates a relatively weak wake by operating above the rated wind speed. The wind farm simulation was performed using reference 5 MW wind turbines from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), which are numerically modeled for each element so that wind farm power output and tower load can be calculated according to the variation of the power command by using a modified wake model with improved accuracy. All the simulations performed in this study were carried out to review the power output accuracy of wind farms, but only if the transmission system operator’s power command was lower than the available power of wind farm. In this study, the gain of the wind farm controller was applied differently depending on the wind speed and direction to consider benefits in terms of power and tower load, especially if the wake effect of the upstream wind turbine was rapidly transferred to the downstream wind turbine. Ultimately, a simple, but more effective, power distribution method was proposed for distributing power commands to wind turbines that constitute wind farms and the study indicated the need for controller gain adjustment based on surrounding environmental changes.
Cash Flow Management and Sustainability of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Northern Uganda

In Uganda SMEs are viewed as seedbeds for growth of new firms and vehicles for poverty reduction. Deterioration in growth and failures in SMEs have been linked to poor cash flow management, This study sought to examine how cash flow management influences sustainability SMEs in Northern Uganda. The research adapted a cross sectional study. A sample of 120- SMEs was selected using stratified sampling. Self administered questionnaires, designed for this study, were filled in by SME managers and the data analyzed using frequency tables, custom tables, Correlation Analysis and Multiple Logistic Regression. The study revealed limited application of cash flow management by SMEs in Northern Uganda, especially cash flow projection; tax planning; budgetary control and interpreting financial statements. As a result the study noted that most SMEs had declining levels of long-term solvency and growth. Finally the study established that cash flow control and monitoring had significant influence on the sustainability of SMEs.
The impact of wildlife hunting prohibition on the rural livelihoods of local communities in Ngamiland and Chobe District Areas, Botswana

Abstract The community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) programme in Botswana was developed to facilitate a partnership between local communities and government for the conservation of natural resources whilst giving local communities usufruct rights to natural resources. This study sought to establish the impact of the wildlife hunting prohibition on the livelihoods of rural communities. Data for this study was obtained through a cross-sectional survey. The findings of the study suggest that the wildlife hunting prohibition which was introduced in 2014 impacted on the livelihoods of rural communities in areas such as employment and income from community-based organisations (CBOs). Prior to 2014, CBOs had found themselves in a rentier-ship status without any direct participation in the operation and management of hunting safaris. The wildlife hunting prohibition, however, did not void existing leases such as leases for hotels and lodges or other natural resource uses such as gathering veldt products. Since its inception, the implementation of the CBNRM programme had been largely focused on the utilisation of wildlife resources with the result that wildlife hunting had generated revenues quickly and easily for local communities. This paper argues that the removal of the wildlife hunting prohibition should be considered for wildlife species noted for causing damage and/or whose population has shown an increase such as elephant and buffalo. The loss incurred by rural communities from the damage caused to property and crops by wildlife militates against the perceived earlier successes of the CBNRM programme in wildlife conservation and poverty reduction.
A Survey of Intrusion Detection for In-Vehicle Networks

The development of the complexity and connectivity of modern automobiles has caused a massive rise in the security risks of in-vehicle networks (IVNs). Nevertheless, existing IVN designs (e.g., controller area network) lack cybersecurity consideration. Intrusion detection, an effective method for defending against cyberattacks on IVNs while providing functional safety and real-time communication guarantees, aims to address this issue. Therefore, the necessity of its research has risen. In this paper, an IVN environment is introduced, and the constraints and characteristics of an intrusion detection system (IDS) design for IVNs are presented. A survey of the proposed IDS designs for the IVNs is conducted, and the corresponding drawbacks are highlighted. Various optimization objectives are considered and comprehensively compared. Lastly, the trend, open issues, and emerging research directions are described.
The pharmacokinetics of nevirapine when given with isoniazid in South African HIV-infected individuals [Short communication].

Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is recommended in patients on antiretroviral treatment. Isoniazid (INH) inhibits CYP3A4, which metabolises nevirapine (NVP). Administration of INH may cause higher NVP concentrations and toxicity. We studied the effect of INH on NVP concentrations in 21 patients randomised to either placebo (n = 13) or INH (n = 8) in an ongoing trial of IPT in patients on ART. INH was associated with a 24% increase in median NVP area under the plasma concentration-time curve for the 12 h dosing interval, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.66).
Imaging Model of Missile-borne Linear Array Scanning Lidar Based on a Fast Algorithm for Ray Intersection

Due to cost and realistic feasibility limitations, the current research on laser active imaging guidance technology is based on simulation models. In this paper, the complete process of laser emission, target reflection and detector reception are modeled and simulated, and finally the range image is obtained. Due to the large number of actual scene bins, bins are screened first to increase the intersection speed between the beam and the target. Also, a fast algorithm for ray intersection in real scenes is proposed, which improves the operation speed to over 70 times. Based on the fast algorithm, this paper divides the whole imaging process simulation into three steps: beam vector solution, beam target intersection and projection point related information acquisition.
A Newly Designed EGFP-2A Peptide Monocistronic Baculoviral Vector for Concatenating the Expression of Recombinant Proteins in Insect Cells

Recombinant proteins produced by the baculovirus expression vector system (BVES) have been widely applied in the agricultural and medical fields. However, the procedure for protein expression is inefficient and needs to be improved. Herein, we propose a simple construct that incorporates a selectable marker (enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP) and a picorna viral-derived “self-cleaving” 2A-like peptide to separate the EGFP and target proteins in a monocistronic baculovirus vector to facilitate isolation of the recombinant baculovirus in the BVES. In this study, porcine adiponectin (ADN), a secreted, multimeric protein with insulin-sensitizing properties, was used to demonstrate its utility in our EGFP-2A-based expression system. EGFP and ADN were simultaneously expressed by a recombinant alphabaculovirus. Co-expression of EGFP facilitates the manipulation of the following processes, such as determining expression kinetics and harvesting ADN. The results showed that the 2A “self-cleaving” process does not interfere with EGFP activity or with signal peptide removal and the secretion of recombinant ADN. Posttranslational modifications, including glycosylation, of the recombinant ADN occurred in insect cells, and the formation of various multimers was further verified. Most importantly, the insect-produced ADN showed a similar bioactivity to that of mammalian cells. This concept provides a practical and economic approach that utilizes a new combination of alphabaculovirus/insect cell expression systems for future applications.
Investigation on the relationship Of service Quality On Tourist Satisfaction and Loyalty: Case Study of Ardabil County

The objective of this study is to investigate tourist᾿ satisfaction of the Ardabil County tourism Service Quality using KANO model. In this case, Ardabil County was chosen as a distination (Ardabil County covers an area 3810 km2 in the north west of Iran). In order to assessment of tourist satisfaction of the Ardabil County tourism Service Quality, using KANO model,Guestionnaire as survey instrument, was used. The validity and reliability of the survey was based on content validity, and Cronbach᾿s Alpha value in SPSS Version 20. In total, 384 by sampling method were distributed among tourists in the summer. Evaluation of tourist᾿ satisfaction in KANO model also indicated the tourists from One Dimensional with satisfaction coefficient (0.731) are the most satisfaction. Also the least amount of tourists' satisfaction fom Ardabil County tourism Services Quality is related to Basic needs with satisfaction coefficient (0.337). Moreover, the results signified the Ardabil County tourism Service Quality affect positively and significantly touriists᾿satisfaction. Furthermore, this study is presented the change in strategies investors, attendants and markers to planning for increasing the tourists satisfaction in the Ardabil County.
Aufstieg durch (Berufs-)Bildung?

Dieser Beitrag stellt die Forschungsfrage ins Zentrum, ob und inwieweit zwischen den Generationen ein Bildungsaufstieg stattfindet und welcher Stellenwert dabei der Berufsbildung zukommt. So kontroversiell die Theoriebildung zu dieser Fragestellung ist, so widerspruchlich ist auch die Forschungslage zur „persistant inequality“. Die Berechnungen fur Osterreich zur intergenerationalen Bildungsmobilitat auf Basis des EU-SILC 2015 scheinen eine klare Sprache zu sprechen, werfen jedoch fur die rezentesten Entwicklungen kritische Fragen auf. So kommt deutlich zum Ausdruck, dass der Zenit der Bildungsexpansion uberschritten und die soziale Selektivitat in Teilbereichen wieder im Steigen begriffen ist. Der Berufsbildung kommt in diesem Kontext eine eher konservierende Funktion zu.