Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foreword to the Special Issue on Uralic Languages

In this introduction we have tried to present concisely the history of language technology for Uralic languages up until today, and a bit of a desiderata from the point of view of why we organised this special issue. It is of course not possible to cover everything that has happened in a short introduction like this. We have attempted to cover the beginnings of the (Uralic) language-technology scene in 1980’s as far as it’s relevant to much of the current work, including the ones presented in this issue. We also go through the Uralic area by the main languages to survey on existing resources, to also form a systematic overview of what is missing. Finally we talk about some possible future directions on the pan-Uralic level of language technology management. Northern European Journal of Language Technology, 2016, Vol. 4, Article 1, pp 1–9 DOI 10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533.1641
Musculo-skeletal Symptoms and Its Severity among Radiographers and Sonographers in Southern Nigeria

Background: A lot of activities have been found to contribute to musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) among different professionals such as lifting of heavy objects, prolonged sitting or standing, long schedule of duties equipment manipulation and others. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence and severity as well as risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms among practicing radiographers and sonographers in the southern part of Nigeria. Methods: This study involved distribution of questionnaire to radiographers and sonographers within the southern part of Nigeria. A total of 48 radiographers and 45 sonographers were involved in this study. Information collected from the participants included categories of work performed, schedule/ duration of duty, types of equipment used, work organizational factors, prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms to mention a few. Results: Out of the 48 Radiographers and 45 sonographers that participated in the study, 76.3% complained of at least one episode of symptom. Low back pain was the most frequent complaint (52.6%), followed by neck pain, shoulder pain and hand/wrist pain. Reports showed that some of the respondents were prevented from performing their duties as a result of the symptoms experienced. The major risk factors were prolonged standing/sitting during prolonged duration of duty, lifting of patients and heavy equipment, overstretching of the neck following heavy work schedules. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among radiographers and sonographers in Southern Nigeria. Work schedule/duration of duty and lifting of heavy loads are important factors to be controlled in order to reduce the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms among radiographers and sonographers in Southern Nigeria.
Plant Variation and Evolution

Preface Acknowledgements Note on names of plants 1. Looking at variation 2. From Ray to Darwin 3. Early work on biometry 4. Early work on the basis of individual variation 5. Post-Darwinian ideas about evolution 6. Modern views on the basis of variation 7. Breeding systems 8. Infraspecific variation and the ecotype concept 9. Recent advances in genecology 10. Species and speciation 11. Gradual speciation and hybridisation 12. Abrupt speciation 13. The species concept 14. Evolution: some general considerations 15. Conservation: confronting the extinction of species Glossary References Index.
Language Engineering for Lesser-Studied Languages

Technologies enabling computers to process specific languages facilitate economic and political progress of societies where these languages are spoken. Development of methods and systems for language processing is therefore a worthy goal for national governments as well as for business entities and scientific and educational institutions in every country in the world. As work on systems and resources for the 'lower-density' languages becomes more widespread, an important question is how to leverage the results and experience accumulated by the field of computational linguistics for the major languages in the development of resources and systems for lower-density languages. This issue has been at the core of the NATO Advanced Studies Institute on language technologies for middle- and low-density languages held in Georgia in October 2007. This publication is a collection - of publication-oriented versions - of the lectures presented there and is a useful source of knowledge about many core facets of modern computational-linguistic work. By the same token, it can serve as a reference source for people interested in learning about strategies that are best suited for developing computational-linguistic capabilities for lesser-studied languages - either 'from scratch' or using components developed for other languages. The book should also be quite useful in teaching practical system- and resource-building topics in computational linguistics.
Music Production : Recording Technologies and Acousmatic Listening

Recorded sound is acousmatic, meaning that it does not display any visual sound sources. When people listen to recorded/acousmatic sound, they generally apply their previous experiences with the acoustical conditions of sounds to the new experience. Divergence from these expectations often results in an experience of the music as unnatural, uncanny, hyperreal or surreal—that is, as an expansion of the world as one knows it. There is, however, also another force that affects auditory perception: the tuning of people’s ears, or the mind’s ability to adjust to new sonic environments with dispatch. Accordingly, new musical expressions, made possible by recording technology, eventually become naturalized, transforming one’s reference and starting point for new listening experiences. This chapter discusses and reviews literature concerned with these two perceptual mechanisms pertaining to acousmatic sound as well as the more general relationship between musical live performances and recorded music.
A Review of Face Recognition Techniques

In today's networked world, the necessity of maintaining information safety as well as preserving the physical property is gradually becoming significant and tedious. As the requirement of high level of security arises, face recognition technology is bound to bend, to cope with the upcoming needs. Also, face recognition has caught the eye of researchers in the areas ranging from image processing and security to computer vision. Streams including content retrieval, network security and video compression get profited by face recognition technology. This is because face recognition deals with people as its centre of attention, thereby increasing the user-friendliness in human-computer interaction. It could also maintain our privacy and protect our assets without dropping our identity. But in this real world environment it seems to be a difficult task because of image variance in terms of position, size, expression and pose. In order to handle all these inter and intra-class variations in face images, various methodologies have been proposed. Here we analyse some methods, their possible strongholds and drawbacks.
Neurogenesis in the zebrafish hindbrain

This thesis examines neurogenesis in the zebrafish hindbrain. The behaviour of neural progenitors in the intact vertebrate brain is poorly understood, chiefly because of the inaccessibility and poor optical qualities inherent in many model systems. To overcome these problems I have established the zebrafish hindbrain as a suitable system in which to study the dynamic behaviour of the progenitor cells that generate the neurons and glia of the brain. The morphology, behaviour and molecular characteristics of hindbrain progenitors are described and a rigorous quantification of neurogenesis is provided. The main focus of the thesis centres on the mode of division that neural progenitors undergo during neurogenesis. This has been established by following the progeny of single progenitors, labelled with a fluorescent dye, through multiple rounds of division in the living embryo. The development of such clones was often monitored in a transgenic embryo that expresses GFP in post mitotic neurons. This approach allowed individual cells to be followed through to their terminal mitosis and neurons to be phenotyped in the living animal and for lineage trees to be reconstructed. I have found that the vast majority of neurons are born following a division that generates two neurons and that asymmetric divisions that generate a neuron and a progenitor cell are comparatively rare. Furthermore I find that no progenitor behaves in the manner of a classic stem cell i.e. by undergoing repeated rounds of asymmetric division and find also that the plane of the progenitor cell's division relative to the ventricular zone does not correlate with the fate of daughter cells. In characterising the zebrafish neurogenic mutant, mindbomb I find, in contrast to published data, that non-neuronal cells exist throughout its development and that mature oligodendrocytes can be generated by mechanisms that do not involve Notch Delta mediated lateral inhibition. I propose a model that the progenitors that give rise to oligodendrocytes in the mutant were never competent to produce neurons and therefore that neuronal and glial lineages must diverge relatively early in development.
Bibliometric study to assist research topic selection: a case from research design on Jakarta’s groundwater (part 1)

This paper is an example to visualize bibliometric data to extract paper’s topics and their citation relation. It is very important to evaluate the number of documents, the intensity of the paper’s topic, and the relationship between papers. The output can be used to pinpoint suitable research topic. We began with 246 papers, gathered from Google Scholar, Crossref, and Scopus database. We narrowed them down to 70 papers based on language, relevance, pdf availability, and metadata completeness. Open source tools, Vosviewer, ZoteroPaperMachine plugin, were used to visualize the existing reference database. The following paper gives an illustration that a brief bibliometric analysis could assist a researcher to determine our research path. It gives us a glimpse of research landscape in Jakarta area. Therefore for deeper analysis, we will focus our literature review on groundwater and surface water interactions.
Mining interesting knowledge from data with the XCS classifier system

We apply a version of XCS which exploits a general purpose representation to the problem of mining knowledge from some well-known classification tasks involving synthetic and real-world data. We show that XCS can extract interesting knowledge from data both (i) in terms of predictive accuracy on unseen cases and (ii) in terms of explicit knowledge on the phenomena described in the data. In particular, in synthetic tasks, XCS's predictive accuracy is at least as good as that of more traditional classification algorithms while it can extract rules which give an explicit insight of the data. In real world tasks, XCS outperforms C4.5 in one important medical datasets involving numerical data while it performs quite the same as C4.5 on another real world dataset involving symbolic data.
A Genetic Approach to the Study of Self-Replication

The basic mechanisms underlying development have long been a focus of attention for biological research. Development or morphogenesis involves a special sequence of transformations determined by a wide range of elementary processes. It is these processes genetic regulation, changes in cell morphology, self-replication and proliferation of cells, cooperation among cells (Gierer and Meinhardt, 1972) that allow organisms to adapt to their environment and to survive. One of the processes most commonly studied is cellular replication. The results of these studies pose interesting questions. Is it possible to identify the basic mechanisms of biological self-replication, and apply them to artificial organisms? If so, is it possible to use such organisms as experimental models? Can models of their behavior provide new insights into biological processes? The first authors to investigate this interplay between biological behavior and mathematical models of mechanism were d’Arcy Thompson (1917) and Alan Turing (1952). D’Arcy Thompson hypothesized that the creation of new structures is determined by the mathematical and physical properties of living matter, in this way laying the foundations for theoretical analyses of morphogenesis. Alain Turing, for his part, proposed a reaction-diffusion model of molecular dynamics, showing
Natural optimisation modelling for software developers

Constraint solving technology has been successfully applied to large industrial combinatorial optimisation problems with high impact, but is not widely applied to smaller problems. Unfortunately, including even basic optimisation or constraint satisfaction functionality in an application currently requires the use of an entirely separate paradigm with which most software developers are not familiar. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the potential for an interface to a constraint solver which is much more approachable for general software developers, in order to promote wider use of the technology. Instead of defining a conventional constraint model directly, programmers use native code (in the application programming language) to define how to combine individual decisions to construct a candidate solution, and how to evaluate the result. Constraint satisfaction or optimisation is then seamlessly integrated into the wider application through automatic conversion between this definition and a conventional model solved by an external solver. We call this a native programming language interface. This thesis presents a prototype implementation of a native Java interface to a finite domain constraint solver, before exploring several ideas for improving the automated conversion from procedural code into an equivalent constraint model. This conversion process has already been studied in the context of software engineering applications, and the improvements discussed here should be transferable back to that domain. The following new techniques are presented.  A novel query-based approach to handling destructive assignments, designed to improve the translation particularly when aliasing between variables is allowed.  An alternative technique (loop untangling) for creating copies of loop bodies in such a way that the uncertainty within the loop body is reduced, at the expense of a greater number of copies and an unknown execution order.  A new global constraint (reaching definitions) generalising the query-based translation technique to eliminate the assumption of a known order of
OPENFLOW-BASED LOAD BALANCING GONE WILD

Today's data centers host online services on multiple servers, with a front-end load balancer directing each client request to a particular replica. Dedicated load balancers are expensive and quickly become a single point of failure and congestion. The OpenFlow standard enables an alternative approach where the commodity network switches divide traffic over the server replicas, based on packet-handling rules installed by a separate controller. However, the simple approach of installing a separate rule for each client connection (or " microflow ") leads to a huge number of rules in the switches and a heavy load on the controller. We argue that the controller should exploit switch support for wildcard rules for a more scalable solution that directs large aggregates of client traffic to server replicas. We present algorithms that compute concise wildcard rules that achieve a target distribution of the traffic, and automatically adjust to changes in load-balancing policies without disrupting existing connections. We implement these algorithms on top of the NOX OpenFlow controller, evaluate their effectiveness, and propose several avenues for further research.
The perception of youth on physical activity to relieve stress

Being a youth, we thought that we would enjoy our life to the fullest. Little that we know, it is the phase that we may encounter a lot of stressors from every direction. It is a part of the life challenges that we need to face to keep moving forward. Life is never meant to be easy. However, we have to realize that prolonged stress may lead to unhealthy mental and physical health. [1] As a student, stress may affect their academic performances and may lead to self-destruction and being demotivated. The stressors may come from the education system, family problem, financial, peer pressure, and environment. [2] A part from that, our mindset can also play an important role in stress. Research Article
Modified Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic Optimized for Sub-threshold Voltage Operation

Ultra-low sub-threshold voltage research has become increasingly important with the recent shift in consumer electronics towards low power designs for mobile, wearable, and implantable technologies. These applications are able to trade-off speed for reduced power consumption and reduced minimum operating voltage. This thesis studies circuit design solutions that focus on achieving the lowest minimum operating voltages. These applications are likely to be ones where the supply voltage may come from energy harvesting sources that are only able to source ultra-low voltages. The logic circuit presented in this thesis is a modified implementation of differential cascade voltage switch logic (DCVSL). Differential logic has improved ultra-low voltage performance over static CMOS logic and the modification to DCVSL offers a logic structure that can implement multi-input AND/NAND and OR/NOR gates while maintaining a stack height of one. This logic circuit is referred in this thesis as MOD-DCVSL. The modification requires the use of capacitive boosting to allow for normal logic operation. The results of this thesis show that differential logic styles are able to perform at lower minimum operating voltages compared to static CMOS logic styles but at the cost of larger delay and power compared to static CMOS. On average the differential implementations could operate at a minimum supply voltage 5 mV lower than CMOS for two input implementations and 10 mV lower for three input implementations. The delay of differential implementations was approximately double for both two and three input implementations. The power of the differential implementations are approximately 20% higher than static CMOS for two input implementations but this gap is narrowed to approximately 10% for three input implementations, here the lower minimum operating voltages allowed for decreased power consumption. Due to the consistently lower delay, static CMOS had a lower power delay product than the differential logic. When comparing only the differential logic, MOD-DCVSL offered negligible difference for two input implementations but was able to improve delay by 7% and power by 11% in the three input implementations.
Microlearning of web fundamentals based on mobilelearning

In nowadays there are many kinds of problems in the system of higher education. One of them is: everyday students get very huge amount of information. In one day student may have 5 - 6 lessons. This means that student have to read at least one chapter for each lesson. This reading takes about 1 - 2 hour to read chapter and to understand it. All of them take very big amount of time for a student to understand all lessons and it is very hard for him/her to do everything in time. This paper explains a study of work microlearning application for mobile phone with Android OS. It consists of general introduction and purpose. There is an application at the end of paper.
Visual Signal Quality Assessment: Quality of Experience (QoE)

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the latest trends/advances in subjective and objective quality evaluation for traditional visual signals, such as 2D images and video, as well as the most recent challenges for the field of multimedia quality assessment and processing, such as mobile video and social media. Readers will learn how to ensure the highest storage/delivery/ transmission quality of visual content (including image, video, graphics, animation, etc.) from the server to the consumer, under resource constraints, such as computation, bandwidth, storage space, battery life, etc.
Offline Signature Verification and Forgery Detection using Critical Region Matching Method

In this era of growing technology, biometric systems are being used for personal identification, amongst those one system is Signature Verification System. The objective of this system is to identify the original and forged signature. In this project, we have implemented an Offline Signature Verification and Forgery Detection using Critical Region Matching Method. In this method, the handwritten signatures are scanned and they undergoes a series of image processing techniques and the critical region of the signatures are obtained. The extracted regions are then compared using the Critical Region Matching Method to detect forgery if any.
A New Perspective on Visual Design within Information Systems

This chapter proposes that the Information Systems (IS) discipline can serve as a reference discipline for the Visual Design discipline and that visual design can reciprocate as a reference discipline for IS. To this end, it offers a pluralistic framework of Visual Systems Design (VSD) where the primary focus is on how the Visual Design discipline utilizes the intellectual know-how of IS concerning systems development. Because visual design is part of the aesthetic paradigm where interpretivism rules and IS is contained in the positivist paradigm, the chapter employs a multi-paradigm, theory-building approach to bridge these two paradigms and their constituent disciplines. The implications of VSD are discussed in the remainder of the chapter.
AN APPROACH TO EVALUATE GOOD WEATHER USING FUZZY SET THEORY

I n day to day life weather condition is an essential issue for a common man. So it is important to know what the good weather is. But good weather evaluation is a critical issue as the parameters used for this purpose are vague and imprecise. So in this paper I propose a technique to evaluate good weather based on fuzzy set theory.
Fundamental problems of networked control system from the view of control and scheduling

NCS (networked control system) is a kind of feedback control systems wherein the control loops are closed through real-time control network. The existence of real-time network in the feedback control loop makes the analysis and design of an NCS complex. Conventional control theories must be reevaluated before they can be applied to NCS. Numerous research papers have investigated analysis and design of NCS from different angles. This paper aims to introduce state of arts of NCS and point out the field of further researches.
Time-Varying Waveform Distortions in Power Systems

Divided into clear sections, the book discusses a range of topics including. • current and voltage variations; • standards and measurement issues; • advanced techniques such as spectral, time-frequency, probabilistic; • and further methods, such as independent component analysis, and fuzzy logic. Case studies, real world data and examples (including basic application examples and sample waves from industrial sites) supplement the theory and demonstrate the methods shown.
The Biological Overview Effect: Our Place in Nature

Abstract While gazing at the Earth from orbit, some astronauts have described a cognitive shift known as the overview effect. Here we describe an analogous biological overview effect produced by looking at the tiny twig of humanity on the tree of life. We describe the increasingly precise phylogenetic tree of all life on Earth and how it shows us our place in nature. We discuss problems with this tree including the assumption of sexual isolation, purely vertical gene transmission and the dependence of LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor) on the completeness of the tree. We compile and present the most concise taxonomic overview of the evolution of our lineage from Archaea to humans.