Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The progress on differentiation and function of T follicular helper cells

A newly identified subset of T cells, termed T follicular helper (TFH) cells , has a unique ability to home to B cell follicles and to induce antibody production by B cells. In the past few years, there has been a surge of research aimed at understanding the function and differentiation of these important cells. This Review focuses on the current progress in TFH cell biology
Exploring the Use of a Self-tuning Diﬀusion Map Framework

Diﬀusion maps are a powerful tool for identifying complicated structure and reducing dimensionality in a wide variety of applications. Representing the connectivity of a data set, diﬀusion maps project observations into a space in which standard methods can more easily model the structure. These maps rely heavily on the choice of a global tuning parameter (cid:15) that dictates the threshold for similarity. Often, however, using a global tuning parameter does not capture structure that may be a function of ﬂuctuations in the local density. For example, a dense region embedded in background noise would be diﬃcult to capture with standard diﬀusion maps. We present a ﬂexible self-tuning diﬀusion map framework that incorporates local tuning parameters to capture this type of structure (if present).
Physical, Molecular gene expression and Biochemical changes occurring in a plant during elevated atmospheric CO2

Carbon dioxide being a harmful gas to mankind its rise in atmosphere affecting the plants in physical, molecular process that modulate photosynthetic gene expression and biochemical processes that changes in CO2 concentration to the production of metabolite signal. Increasing temperature and elevated carbon dioxide were the main reason for change in the climatic factors that affect plant strength and flowering allied events. Reduction in ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) protein results from species dependent variation in differential use of molecular processes. Many studies indicates that hexokinase functioning as a hexose flux sensor that ultimately affecting transcription products were the key for repression in photosynthetic gene expression. Hexoses are produced as signals primarily by sucrose cycling and secondarily by starch hydrolysis. Finally, this review gives research knowledge over the changes in physical, molecular gene expression and biochemical processes during elevated carbon dioxide levels.
Dualities for P lonka sums

P lonka sums consist of an algebraic construction similar, in some sense, to direct limits, which allows to represent classes of algebras defined by means of regular identities (namely those equations where the same set of variables appears on both sides). Recently, P lonka sums have been connected to logic, as they provide algebraic semantics to logics obtained by imposing a syntactic filter to given logics. In this paper, I present a very general topological duality for classes of algebras admitting a P lonka sum representation in terms of dualisable algebras. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 08C20. Secondary 06E15, 18A99, 22A30.
Effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 on the antioxidant ability of rats with high-fat diet

The experiment was to study effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 on the antioxidant ability of rats fed with high-fat diet.45 ICR rats,weighted(35±1)g,were randomly divided into the control group(basal diet),the high-fat group(high-fat diet) and the Bacillus group(high-fat diet supplemented with 0.1% B10). Each group had 3 replicates and each replicate included 5 rats.The results showed that compared with the control group,the total antioxidant ability in intestinal mucosa of the high-fat group was decreased by 28.34%(P0.05) significantly,the activity of thioredoxin(TrxR),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and catalase(CAT) in liver decreased by 36.42%(P0.05),22.91%(P0.05),37.34%(P0.01)and 47.47%(P0.01),respectively.The activity of anti-superoxide anion,level of glutathione(GSH),the activity of GSH-Px in serum decreased by 8.206%(P0.05),30.73%(P0.05) and 47.26%(P0.01),respectively.Compared with the high-fat group,the antioxidant ability in liver of the Bacillus group was significantly improved,with the activity of GSH-Px increased by 141.35%(P0.01),the level of malonaldehyde(MDA) decreased by 26.85%(P0.01). The total antioxidant ability,the level of glutathione,the activity of GSH-Px in serum significantly increased by 9.46%(P0.05),28.50%(P0.05) and 39.95%(P0.01),respectively.Bacillus subtilis B10 is able to improve the activity of some kinds of antioxidant enzyme in different tissues,relieve the oxidant stress caused by high-fat diet,especially in liver.
Eco-friendly shelf life enhancement of green vegetables by using synthetic cytokinin (6Benzylaminopurine): An overview

Vegetables contain high amount of moisture and the rate of respiration is also high therefore vegetables are highly perishable in nature, so after harvest they require proper handling and storage to preserve their quality and get full advantage of their health benefits. In India, due to improper and poor postharvest practices nearly 30-35% of its total production is lost. The major factors of postharvest losses are physiological and biochemical processes, microbial decay, high perishability and sub-standard postharvest handling infrastructures. So, it is very important to reduce the postharvest losses of vegetable by applying modern technologies. Some of the major steps for checking postharvest losses are proper handling of the produce, pre-cooling, washing and disinfection before storage. Hot water treatment, irradiation and use of edible coating are also an effective way for reduction in quality loss and suppressed pathogen infection. Apart from these, various plant growth regulators have been used, most common being 1-MCP in okra, 6­benzylaminopurine (BAP) in cauliflower, MeJA, CaCl2, KMnO4 in many vegetables that reduce physiological loss in weight, delay senescence, maintains chloroplast activity, declines chlorophyll degradation and helps in production of protein and nucleic acid. Out of these 6-BAP, which is a first generation synthetic cytokinin is more eco-friendly and cost effective option of increasing shelf life of commercial vegetables. 6- benzylamino purine also known as benzyl adenine that elicits plant growth and development responses, setting blossoms and stimulating fruit richness by stimulating cell division. It increases post­harvest life of green vegetables by inhibiting the respiratory kinase of plants. Influence of cytokinin as 6­BAP in combination with other methods on postharvest green colour retention on different vegetables, showed positive results for quality retention. However, it should be popularized among people that can lead to effective saving of the 35% vegetables loss every year which can boost the farm income and also feed some more hungry mouths.
COMPLETENESS VIA COMPLETENESS: SINCE AND UNTIL

In this paper we give finite axiomatizations of the set of all valid formulas in the formalism with S and U , for the class of the well-ordered flows of time and for the frame consisting of the natural numbers. These axiom systems are orthodox in the sense that they only use the standard derivation rules of Modus Ponens, Temporal Generalization and Substitution. An essential use is made of the fact that the language with S and U is expressively complete over the frames involved.
Brown carbon's emission factors and optical characteristics in household biomass burning: developing a novel algorithm for estimating the contribution of brown carbon

Abstract. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of brown carbon (BrC) in various fields, particularly relating to climate change. The incomplete combustion of biomass in open and contained burning conditions is believed to be a significant contributor to primary BrC emissions. So far, few studies have reported the emission factors of BrC from biomass burning, and few studies have specifically addressed which form of light-absorbing carbon, such as black carbon (BC) or BrC, plays a leading role in the total solar light absorption by biomass burning. In this study, the optical integrating sphere (IS) approach was used, with carbon black and humic acid sodium salt as reference materials for BC and BrC, respectively, to distinguish BrC from BC on filter samples. A total of 11 widely used biomass types in China were burned in a typical stove to simulate the real household combustion process. (i) Large differences existed in the emission factors of BrC (EFBrC) among the tested biomass fuels, with a geometric mean EFBrC of 0.71 g kg−1 (0.24–2.09). Both the plant type (herbaceous or ligneous) and burning style (raw or briquetted biomass) might influence the value of EFBrC. The observed reduction in the emissions of light-absorbing carbon (LAC) confirmed an additional benefit of biomass briquetting in climate change mitigation. (ii) The calculated annual BrC emissions from China's household biomass burning amounted to 712 Gg, higher than the contribution from China's household coal combustion (592 Gg). (iii) The average absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) was (2.46±0.53), much higher than that of coal-chunk combustion smoke (AAE=1.30±0.32). (iv) For biomass smoke, the contribution of absorption by BrC to the total absorption by BC+BrC across the strongest solar spectral range of 350–850 nm (FBrC) was 50.8 %. This is nearly twice that for BrC in smoke from household coal combustion (26.5 %). (v) Based on this study, a novel algorithm was developed for estimating the FBrC for perhaps any combustion source (FBrC=0.5519ln⁡AAE+0.0067, R2=0.999); the FBrC value for all global biomass burning (open+contained) (FBrC-entire) was 64.5 % (58.5 %–69.9 %). This corroborates the dominant role of BrC in total biomass burning absorption. Therefore, the inclusion of BrC is not optional but indispensable when considering the climate energy budget, particularly for biomass burning emissions (contained and open).
The Web of Data radiography: Is current Open Data good enough for Linked Data?

Open Data has been improving both publishing platforms and the consumers-oriented process over the years, providing better Openness policies and transparency. Although organizations have tried to open their data, the enrichment of their resources through the Web of Data has been decreasing. Linked Data has been suffering from notable difficulties in different stages of their life-cycle, becoming over the years less and less attractive to users. According to that, it decided to explore how the lack of some Opening requirements affect the decline of the Web of Data. This paper presents a Web of Data radiography, analyzing the Governmental domain as a case study. The results indicate that is necessary to enhance the data opening process to improve resource enrichment on the Web, as well as to have better datasets. These changes would have a positive influence on the overall use of the model. Given the magnitude of the problems identified, it is believed that the Web of Data model would inevitably lose the interest it aroused at the beginning if not addressed immediately by these problems. Besides, its use would be restricted to a few particular niches or would even disappear altogether.
Generalized Fisher Price Indexes and the Use of Scanner Data in the CPI

Statistics Netherlands intends to use scanner data provided by retailers in compiling the CPI. This has two important advantages. First, taking a sample of items to estimate the commodity group price index for a particular type of outlet becomes unnecessary. Second, the Laspeyres-type index formula currently applied can be replaced by an index formula that is better suited for handling dynamic aspects such as commodity substitution and the introduction of new goods. The present paper suggests the use of a so-called generalized Fisher price index, based on a set of goods that is variable through time. This index contains prices of new and disappearing goods that cannot be observed directly and that should therefore be imputed. The relation with quality adjustment procedures is addressed as well. JEL classification: C43, D12, E31.
Some convergence theorems for bivariate exponential dispersion models

The need of adequate regression models for multivariate non-normal correlated data has motivated the development of exible multivariate distribution families. In a recent paper, Jørgensen and Martínez have presented an extension of Jørgensen's univariate exponential dispersion models using an adaptation of the convolution method in order to obtain models with a exible correlation structure and marginal distributions of the same family. Induced by the convergence results found for the univariate case, it is speculated that these multivariate dispersion models can converge, under certain conditions, to a Tweedie probability distribution generated by the convolution method mentioned above, or to a gamma distribution as an extension of the theorem developed by Jørgensen, Martínez and Tsao for the univariate case in 1994. As a rst step to a generalization to k dimensional case, it seems reasonable to be able to characterize the domain of attraction of the Tweedie models, particularly for the bivariate gamma models. Because of this, the aim of this work is to extend to R the results about the convergence of exponential dispersion models. Omey and Willekens present an extension of Tauber-Karamata Theorem for the bivariate case; this result will be useful to express the moment generating function of a multivariate exponential dispersion model in terms of regular variation function. This leads to try to extend the gamma convergence theorem developed by Jørgensen, Martínez and Tsao to bivariate case. In a rst stage the work being carried out is the proof for the particular case where the regular variation order is the same for both variables, i.e. using the de nition of regular variation of Stam.
Evaluating the Usefulness of Overview Visuali-zations for Users with Varying Levels of Domain Knowledge

Exploratory data analysis may be supported by suitable visualizations. This study aims to evaluate how useful overview visualizations are to generate hypotheses for further analysis. Focus groups with domain experts and lay users participated in the evaluation of four different overview visualizations. The results show that all visualizations have their value but are of varying difficulty to interpret. Lay users were able to learn about the data set and data collection process. Both domain experts and lay users could use the visualizations to develop ideas and hypotheses about the represented data set. While experts were able to use their context knowledge to report findings not picked up by lay users they also seemed somewhat restricted in openness and creativity as findings not related to domain knowledge were generally doubted.
CMIP6/PMIP4 simulations of the mid-Holocene and Last Interglacial using HadGEM3: comparison to the pre-industrial era, previous model versions and proxy data

Abstract. Palaeoclimate model simulations are an important tool to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of climate change. These simulations also provide tests of the ability of models to simulate climates very different to today. Here we present the results from two brand-new simulations using the latest version of the UK's physical climate model, HadGEM3-GC3.1; they are the mid-Holocene (∼6 ka) and Last Interglacial (∼127 ka) simulations, both conducted under the auspices of CMIP6/PMIP4. This is the first time this version of the UK model has been used to conduct palaeoclimate simulations. These periods are of particular interest to PMIP4 because they represent the two most recent warm periods in Earth history, where atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases and continental configuration are similar to the pre-industrial period but where there were significant changes to the Earth's orbital configuration, resulting in a very different seasonal cycle of radiative forcing. Results for these simulations are assessed firstly against the same model's pre-industrial control simulation (a simulation comparison, to describe and understand the differences between the pre-industrial – PI – and the two palaeo simulations) and secondly against previous versions of the same model relative to newly available proxy data (a model–data comparison, to compare all available simulations from the same model with proxy data to assess any improvements due to model advances). The introduction of this newly available proxy data adds further novelty to this study. Globally, for metrics such as 1.5 m temperature and surface rainfall, whilst both the recent palaeoclimate simulations are mostly capturing the expected sign and, in some places, magnitude of change relative to the pre-industrial, this is geographically and seasonally dependent. Compared to newly available proxy data (including sea surface temperature – SST – and rainfall) and also incorporating data from previous versions of the model shows that the relative accuracy of the simulations appears to vary according to metric, proxy reconstruction used for comparison and geographical location. In some instances, such as mean rainfall in the mid-Holocene, there is a clear and linear improvement, relative to proxy data, from the oldest to the newest generation of the model. When zooming into northern Africa, a region known to be problematic for models in terms of rainfall enhancement, the behaviour of the West African monsoon in both recent palaeoclimate simulations is consistent with current understanding, suggesting a wetter monsoon during the mid-Holocene and (more so) the Last Interglacial, relative to the pre-industrial era. However, regarding the well-documented “Saharan greening” during the mid-Holocene, results here suggest that the most recent version of the UK's physical model is still unable to reproduce the increases suggested by proxy data, consistent with all other previous models to date.
Dialog Data Collection for an Interactive Plotting Agent

Plotting is a key tool for making data read-able and for exposing useful trends in the data. In this work, we aim to enable data plotting using natural language instructions. As a ﬁrst step, we are developing a data collection pipeline for user-agent di-alogs which will allow us to train a slot ﬁlling system that maps from natural language to slots and values supported by a popular plotting library, matplotlib .
La question de l ’ irréductibilité d ’ une équation différentielle a été étudiée de manière

Galoisian proof of Nishioka-Umemura irreducibility of first Painlevé equation) This article follows a previous one. The Galois groupoid computed in loc. cit. is used to prove irreducibility in Painlevé-Nishioka-Umemura sense of the first Painlevé equation. We prove that the Lie algebra of the Galois groupoid of a reducible equation gets an increasing sequence of ideals such that: the first is the algebra of vector fields tangent to the foliation given by the equation, the last is the Lie algebra of the Galois groupoid, the quotient of two successive ideals is a Lie Algebra with linear type. This is not the case for P1. La question de l’irréductibilité d’une équation différentielle a été étudiée de manière approfondie par P. Painlevé depuis les Leçons de Stokholm [19]. Une première définition d’équation différentielle ordinaire réductible a été donnée par P. Painlevé et sera ensuite formalisée par K. Nishioka [16]. Une équation d’ordre n est dite réductible si on peut exprimer une solution rationnellement après avoir résolu successivement des équations différentielles linéaires, abéliennes (dont les solutions sont des fonctions abéliennes) ou d’ordre strictement plus petit que n. Classification mathématique par sujets (2010). — 12H05, 34M55. Mots clefs. — Équations différentielles, irréductibilité, groupoïde de Galois. Ce travail a été financé par une bourse Marie-Curie (contrat EIF-025116-Diff. Galois Theory) puis partiellement par l’ANR (projet no JC05_41465). © Astérisque 323, SMF 2009
DATA SUMMARIZER FOR MOBILE DEVICES USING PSEUDO RELEVANCE FEEDBACK WITH SEMANTIC FEATURE

- The proposed method provides an automatic relevance judgment to reformulate query for summarizing data. It also can minimize bias of query expansion by using semantic features of NMF and clustering. Our data summarizer consists of the data summarization module of server side and the mobile device module (i.e., android smart phone) of user side for reducing the overload of mobile device. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better performance than the other query based data summarization methods.
A Routing Protocol for Improving QOS in Hybrid Wireless Networks

In mobile wireless ad hoc network (MANET) and a wireless commotions network to be proved to better the next generation wireless networks hybrids networks reusability we propose a QoS-Oriented Distributed routing protocol (QOD) to enhance the QOS support changes of hybrid networks some advantage transmission profits of the hybrid networks QOD transforms the packet routing disadvantages a resource scheduling problem. QOD incorporates some algorithms 1) Hierarchical routing protocols 2) Distributed packet scheduling algorithm 3) Traffic redundant elimination algorithm 4) Data redundancy elimination based transmission algorithm Analytical and compression results based on the random way single model and the real human behaviors different model show that QOD can proved high QoS results in terms of work lord transmission path, and different model-resilience and security In future a QoS changed hybrid multi-path routing protocol is suitable for MANET In the protocol models discovery is performed each node collects the batter power queue length and residual connections of every other nodes and stores in the topology information table
Combining Advanced Educational Technology with Limited Skill Tutor: Lessons from Gyan Shala Project, India

Combining computer and advanced technology-based learning material with low cost, relatively unskilled tutor can make a strong case for its widespread acceptance as a cost-effective alternative to an expensive professional teacher. The paper reports on the key design features of a project in India where contextually advanced technology was combined with a low skill and low-cost teacher to achieve satisfactory educational outcomes. The approaches rely on adopting the Piagetian perspective of learning and adapting Vygotskian perspective in the light of Argyris and Schoon’s theory to conceive teacher’s role as of a mentor who requires no specialized skills or teacher training. The traditional professional teacher’s role in the class is re-engineered by splitting it into three parts, only one of which is entrusted to the class teachers while the other two aspects are entrusted to the back end team comprising designers of learning material and school supervisors. The approach requires ongoing research effort by the backroom players and is contingent upon reallocation of resources away from class-teachers to the supply of learning material and back up teams. A comparable effort would call for rethinking the role of designers of technology material as well as of teachers.