Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Most Important Website Features in Different Domains: An Empirical Study of User Perceptions

This study uses an inductive thematic analysis approach to examine user perceptions on the importance of website design features in six different website domains: Financial, E-Commerce, Entertainment, Education, Government, and Medical. The five most important features, as well as the five most important families of features, were identified for each of the domains. The results indicate that (1) there are certain features that are equally important among different domains; (2) there are other features that are extremely important for one domain and extremely unimportant for another. The study provides empirical evidence for website designers and evaluators about which features are more important to focus on when dealing with different domains of websites. It adds value to the current literature on consumer behavior in the electronic environment and web usability studies.
Effects of consumers and nitrogen availability on heterotrophic microbial activity during leaf decomposition in headwater streams

SUMMARY 1. Microbial processes in streams may be influenced by bottom-up factors, such as nutrient availability, and by top-down factors, such as the activity of upper trophic levels. The latter pathway has been well described between autotrophs and grazers, but the effects of consumers on heterotrophic basal trophic levels may also be important. Consumers may influence microbial activity through consumption of microbial biomass and by altering nutrient availability via consumer nutrient recycling (CNR). 2. We investigated the effects of two shredder taxa, Gammarus spp. and Tipula spp. , on nitrogen (N) uptake during organic matter decomposition by leaf-associated heterotrophic microbial assemblages under conditions of ambient and enriched N availability in stream mesocosms. Colonised red maple leaves were placed in mesocosms with low ( 800 l gL � 1 ) nitrate concentration in the presence of amphipods, tipulids or no shredders. To test the importance of consumption and CNR, leaf packs were constructed from both coarse and fine mesh, which respectively allowed or prevented shredders from consuming detritus. 3. Nitrogen enrichment generally increased red maple breakdown rates, while shredder influence on leaf breakdown was taxon specific. Feeding by tipulids increased red maple breakdown rate compared with amphipods, although not significantly. While feeding by amphipods did not directly influence breakdown rates, amphipod nutrient recycling stimulated leaf breakdown rate by the same magnitude as the N-enrichment treatment. 4. Fungal biomass increased with N enrichment. However, this did not lead to changes in N uptake, which was extremely variable and did not respond significantly to either treatment. In general, N uptake (per leaf mass) was greatest under enriched N conditions when tipulids were present. 5. Our results indicate that both top-down and bottom-up factors influence microbial activity in heterotrophic systems and suggest that consumers may play important roles in detrital processing, not only through direct consumption but also through nutrient recycling.
An overview of phase chemistry and magmatic evolution in the Cretaceous flood basalt province of northern Madagascar

The Cretaceous flood basalts of northern Madagascar range in composition from picritic basalt to basaltic andesite with a serial affinity ranging from tholeiitic to slightly alkaline. Rare, more evolved rocks are represented by peraluminous rhyodacites and peralkaline rhyolites. The intrusive complexes have a large range of lithologies, from ultramafic (dunites, wehrlites, clinopyroxenites) to felsic (leucogabbros, syenites). We report here the chemical composition of olivine, Ca-rich and Ca- poor pyroxene, feldspar, Fe-Cr-Ti oxide, amphibole, glass and accessory phases; the significance of their variations for what concerns geothermobarometry and regional chemical correlations is also discussed. The evolution from the least to the most evolved compositions, and from the whole rocks towards the interstitial glasses, which are thought to be low- pressure residual liquid compositions, has been modelled with fractionation of the observed phases, leaving Mg- to Fe-rich gabbroic solids. Riassunto. — Le rocce vulcaniche Cretaciche del Madagascar settentrionale variano in compositione da basalto picritico fino ad andesite basaltica, con rare rocce piu evolute (riodaciti peralluminose, rioliti alcaline); l'affinita magmatica varia da tholeiitica a transizionale-alcalina. Le rocce intrusive hanno anch'esse un significativo intervallo compositivo, variando da duniti e wehrliti, fino a gabbri e sieniti. In questo lavoro sono riportate le composizioni dei principali minerali osservati (olivine, pirosseni, feldspati, ossidi, anfiboli e fasi accessorie), nonche dei vetri interstiziali. Inoltre, sono riportate le principali deduzioni termobarometriche e le correlazioni di significato regionale. L'evoluzione magmatica dalle composizioni piu primitive a quelle meno evolute e dalle rocce totali ai vetri interstiziali sono state modellate con processi di cristallizzazione frazionata delle fasi mineralogiche presenti, attraverso la sottrazione di composizione gabbrica s.l.
Unsupervised Spectral Ranking For Anomaly Detection

Anomaly detection is the problem of finding deviations from expected normal patterns. A wide variety of applications, such as fraud detection for credit cards and insurance, medical image monitoring, network intrusion detection, and military surveillance, can be viewed as anomaly detection. For anomaly detection, obtaining accurate labels, especially labels for anomalous cases, is costly and time consuming, if not practically infeasible. This makes supervised anomaly detection less desirable in the domain of anomaly detection. In this thesis, we propose a novel unsupervised spectral ranking method for anomaly detection (SRA). Based on the 1st non-principal eigenvectors from Laplacian matrices, the proposed SRA can generate anomaly ranking either with respect to a single majority class or with respect to multiple majority classes. The ranking type is based on whether the percentage of the smaller class instances (positive or negative) is larger than the expected upper bound of the anomaly ratio. We justify the proposed spectral ranking by establishing a connection between the unsupervised support vector machine optimization and the spectral Laplacian optimization problem. Using both synthetic and real data sets, we show that our proposed SRA is a meaningful and effective alternative to the state-of-art unsupervised anomaly ranking methods. In addition, we show that, in certain scenarios, unsupervised SRA method surpasses the state-of-art unsupervised anomaly ranking methods in terms of performance and robustness of parameter tuning. Finally, we demonstrate that choosing appropriate similarity measures remains crucial in applying our proposed SRA algorithm.
Detailed Ignition Sequence Studied with a Fast Infrared Camera

In an effort to better understand the interaction between the many parameters affecting ignition in a typical gas turbine combustor, a detailed study was made possible with a new facility available at Universite Laval in collaboration with the companies Telops, Defence Research and Development Canada - Valcartier and Pratt & Whitney Canada. The installation is primarily focused on characterizing ignition process of different biofuel mixtures compared with the reference Jet-A fuel. The experimental setup is configured with a 75 mm (3 in) sapphire infrared optical access window looking directly into the combustion chamber. A Telops high speed and high performance infrared (IR) camera was used to characterize the ignition process. Large pulsations are observed before a steady combustion finally gets established for a successful ignition. It was possible to estimate the velocity of the expanding ignition volume that compared to typical flame speed measurements. Few IR videos and photos will be presented to visualize the full phenomena that would not be visible otherwise to the naked eye. Good correlation with temperature was also established to reflect the strong virtue of IR cameras to measure accurately emitted energy.
Contextual Factors Affecting The Implementation of Communicative Language Teaching in Vietnam

Research has proposed the application of communicative language teaching principles into English classrooms to enhance EFL learner’s communicative competence, but it is also noted that there is no existing one-fits-all approach. Language educators are supposed to consider contextual factors affecting the teaching and learning process to reinterpret and adapt communicative language teaching (CLT) principles to fit the local context. The study aims to explore potential factors affecting the adoption of CLT principles in the Vietnamese context by means of reviewing the literature of the filed. In this paper, the researcher defines CLT, discusses the current status of English language teaching in Vietnam, and finally interprets contextual elements that might have an impact on the CLT implementation. The study revealed three main context-relating factors, including Vietnamese teachers’ and learners’ perspectives on language teaching and learning in practice, distinct features of English environment at the local, and cultural expectations. The study drew an implication that ideas and techniques from whatever sources including CLT should be considered as a common pool on which each teacher can adapt to make it socially and culturally sensitive to their own contexts and meet the target learners’ needs and goals.
Miniaturisierter Laserscanner zur Umfelderfassung im Fahrzeugbereich

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Aufbau und der Spezifikation eines Laserscanners, dessen Ablenkeinheit eine mikrosystemtechnische Komponente enthaelt. Nach einer Beschreibung der wichtigsten Systemkomponenten wird auf die Signalverarbeitung eingegangen, die eine fuer Fahrerassistenzsysteme erforderliche Repraesentation der Umgebung liefert. (A) Titel in Englisch: Miniaturized laserscanner for vehicles. Beitrag zum Titelbereich "Jahrmarkt der Innovationen" der 21. Internationalen VDI/VW-Gemeinschaftstagung "Integrierte Sicherheit und Fahrerassistenzsysteme", Wolfsburg, 27. und 28.Oktober 2004. Siehe auch Gesamtaufnahme der tagung, ITRD-Nummer D358071.
The Impact of oospores of Phytophthora infestans on late blight epidemics

Several aspects of the ecology of oospores of Phytophthora infestans were studied in the Netherlands using both observational and experimental methods. Following the introduction of a variable late blight population in Europe during the 1970s, P. infestans epidemics have become more severe, leading to an increase in fungicide use in many potato production areas in Northwestern Europe. In the Netherlands, oospores are readily produced in unsprayed crops and volunteer potatoes and their incidence varied from 78% to 15% of the sampled leaflets with two or more lesions, for the northeastern and southwestern region in 2000, respectively. A fungicide application following infection of plants with an A1 and A2 mating type strain significantly reduced the number of oospores produced as well as oospore viability. Several alternative hosts facilitating oospore formation have been identified for the Netherlands: S. nigrum, S. dulcamara and S. sisymbriifolium. The impact of oospores on late blight epidemics is being discussed.
On the dependence of the fields in metals upon crack and material parameters 1

Although various approximations have been used to analytically predict the temperature rise at a dynamic crack tip and its relation to the crack tip velocity or the material properties, few experimental investigations of these effects exist. Here, the method of using a high speed infrared detector array to measure the temperature distribution at the tip of a dynamically propagating crack tip is outlined, and the results from a number of experiments on different metal alloys are reviewed. First the effect of crack tip velocity in 4340 steel is investigated, and it is seen that the maximum temperature increases with increasing velocity, the maximum plastic work rate density increases with velocity and the active plastic zone size decreases with increasing velocity. Also, it is observed that a significant change in the geometry of the temperature distribution occurs at higher velocities in steel due to the opening of the crack faces behind the crack tip. Next, the effect of thermal properties is examined, and it is seen that, due to adiabatic conditions at the crack tip, changes in thermal conductivity do not significantly affect the temperature field. Changes in density and heat capacity (as well as material dynamic fracture toughness) are more likely to produce significant differences in temperature than changes in thermal conductivity. Finally, the effect of heat upon the crack tip deformation is reviewed, and it is seen that the generation of heat at the crack tip in steel leads to the localization of deformation in the shear lip. The shear lip is actualy an adiabatic shear band formed at 45 ° to the surface of the specimen. In titanium, no conclusive evidence of shear localization in the shear lip is seen.
Fast and Precise Touch-Based Text Entry for Head-Mounted Augmented Reality with Variable Occlusion

We present the VISAR keyboard: An augmented reality (AR) head-mounted display (HMD) system that supports text entry via a virtualised input surface. Users select keys on the virtual keyboard by imitating the process of single-hand typing on a physical touchscreen display. Our system uses a statistical decoder to infer users’ intended text and to provide error-tolerant predictions. There is also a high-precision fall-back mechanism to support users in indicating which keys should be unmodified by the auto-correction process. A unique advantage of leveraging the well-established touch input paradigm is that our system enables text entry with minimal visual clutter on the see-through display, thus preserving the user’s field-of-view. We iteratively designed and evaluated our system and show that the final iteration of the system supports a mean entry rate of 17.75wpm with a mean character error rate less than 1%. This performance represents a 19.6% improvement relative to the state-of-the-art baseline investigated: A gaze-then-gesture text entry technique derived from the system keyboard on the Microsoft HoloLens. Finally, we validate that the system is effective in supporting text entry in a fully mobile usage scenario likely to be encountered in industrial applications of AR HMDs.
Cold marine indicators of the late Quaternary: the new dinoflagellate cyst genus Islandinium and related morphotypes

Round, brown, spiny dinoflagellate cysts characterise many modern high‐latitude assemblages. Abundance is often highest where summer sea‐surface temperatures seldom exceed 7 °C and where winter sea‐surface temperatures are around 0 °C, making this morphological group important for reconstructing cold intervals within marine Quaternary sequences. Our analysis of modern sediments from the Beaufort Sea of Arctic Canada, the Kara and Laptev seas of Arctic Russia, and across the Arctic Ocean, allows us to recognise the new cyst genus Islandinium along with the extant species Islandinium minutum (Harland and Reid in Harland et al., 1980 ) new combination (basionym: Multispinula? minuta), Islandinium? cezare (de Vernal et al., 1989 ex de Vernal in Rochon et al., 1999) new status and combination (basionym: Multispinula? minuta var. cezare) sensu lato, and Echinidinium karaense new species. Of these, the generotype Islandinium minutum is a well‐known but morphologically problematic species. We have re‐examined the type material from the Beaufort Sea and studied specimens from across the Arctic, and our observations clarify ambiguities in the original description of this species. The archeopyle of Islandinium minutum results from the loss of three apical plates, an unusual style among peridiniphycidean dinoflagellates. The asymmetrical location of these plates around the apex is distinctive, and probably contributed to earlier misunderstandings of the archeopyle. Previous attributions to Multispinula? and Algidasphaeridium? are unsustainable. Maps showing the distribution of Islandinium minutum are given for the Northern Hemisphere and show this species to be polar to north‐temperate, whereas Islandinium? cezare s.l. and Echinidinium karaense appear to be more restricted to polar environments. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Cumulative Timeline Feature Selection Approach for Data Classification

This paper presents a novel feature vector generation technique of malware data which retains high classification accuracy over an extended time period. The proposed approach is to combine the features and accumulating these features with intervals over time. Experimental results show that the proposed method maintains constant classification accuracy and with a standard deviation of 0.92 over the extended time period. These results strongly support the hypothesis that it is possible to develop any classification strategy that will work well into the future
Choosing with an Agenda

We provide characterizations of the set of outcomes that can be achieved by agenda manipulation for two prominent sequential voting procedures, the amendment and the successive procedure. Tournaments and supermajority voting with arbitrary quota q are special cases of the general sequential voting games we consider. We show that the successive procedure is generally more vulnerable towards manipulation than the amendment procedure and that simple majority voting minimizes the scope of manipulation for the successive procedure.
Interactive Comics as Visual Narratives in Computer Security Education

We investigate whether an online interactive comic is effective as a teaching medium to communicate to end-users about password guessing attacks and password security. Users’ insecure password decisions make them susceptible to such attacks. Our qualitative analysis reveals that users have misconceptions about what constitutes “good” passwords, largely because they employ a Target mental model of password guessing attacks. We present our educational prototype and evaluate its effectiveness at correcting misconceptions about passwords. We conducted an eye-tracking experiment to evaluate how users learn and interact with such material. Our results suggest that the combination of text and graphical devices encourage learnability and engagement of security topics. Lastly, we present the learning outcomes of the comic prototype based on comparisons of the initial interviews with follow-up interviews. Our evaluation shows promising results indicating that this method helps to enhance understanding and even change user behaviour.
Erosion-like lesions progression in human and bovine enamel

Although on dental erosion studies bovine enamel has been considered a feasible option to human enamel, time dependence related to the erosive challenge remains uncertain. Thus, in this study the following null hypothesis was tested: 1) independent of the number of erosive challenges, no microhardness (SMH) differences exist between human and bovine enamel and 2) the behavior of bovine substrate along the erosive challenges do not differ from the human substrate. Human and bovine enamel slabs were embedded in epoxy resin and serially polished and flattened. Initial SMH tests were measured. The erosive challenge consists of an immersion of the specimens in continuously stirred orange juice (20ml) for 5 minutes at room temperature twice a day, for 5 days. Between the immersions the specimens were washed with deionized water and stored in artificial saliva (20ml). SMH tests were daily measured at the end of 2,4,6,8 and 10 challenges. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA as a split-plot design in time and Tukey´s test. Regression analyses were used to model the SMH of human and bovine enamel over time. T he first null hypothesis was rejected. Regression analysis exhibits a quadratic polynomial reduction of SMH in function of the number of erosive challenges for both substrates, revealing the admission of the second null hypothesis. Bovine substrate showed the most susceptible substrate to erosive challenge, but after several days of erosive challenge this difference disappears. Thus, the use of bovine tooth instead of human tooth in studies of erosive lesions formation seems to be feasible.
Challenges and future prospects for Dengue vector control

Dengue is a significant public health issue in urban and suburban areas. It is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Due to lack of specific antiviral treatment or vaccine against dengue, vector control presently appears to be the only effective method for dengue prevention and control. Various methods are in use for vector control depending upon geography and climatic conditions of the endemic areas. Although still widely used are chemical, biological and environmental management techniques, the overall problem remains very challenging. This is due to several limitations associated with existing vector control strategies in terms of cost, delivery and long-term sustainability, however, several new innovative tools are being developed. For example, the release of mosquitoes carrying a dominant lethal system or those harboringWolbachia, that interferes with dengue virus transmission are in the pipeline. Very often vector control programmes involve the use of entomopathogenic bacteria includingBacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis which produce highly potent toxins, targeted specifically against mosquitoes larvae. Any vector control strategy should be selected in accordance to scientific evidence and appropriateness for the epidemiological setting. The current review aimed to discuss the merits of various approaches with reference to vector control required for effective dengue outbreak prevention and control. Key words: Dengue, control methods, B. thuringinesis, B. sphaericus, Insecticides.
O-Galloyl Flavonoids from Geranium pyrenaicum and Their in vitro Antileishmanial Activity

From the aerial parts of Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. , a new flavonol glycoside, kaempferol 3-O-(2'',3''-di-O-galloyl)-{\ss}-D-glucopyranoside (7), along with 6 known related glycosides [kaempferol 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (1), quercetin 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (2), quercetin 3-O-b-D-galactopyranoside (3), kaempferol 3-O-(2''-O-galloyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O-(2''-O-galloyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside (5) and quercetin 3-O-(2'',3''-di-O-galloyl)-{\ss}-D-glucopyranoside (6)] and the ellagitannins corilagin (8) and tellimagrandin I (9) were isolated. Their structures were established from spectroscopic studies (UV, FAB-MS, 1H and 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HETCOR, HMBC). Compounds 1-7 were evaluated for antileishmanial activity against a panel of Leishmania species (L. major, L. donovani and L. amazonensis), indicating appreciable in vitro activities (IC50 4-27 nM) when compared with Pentostam (IC50 10-11 nM).