Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cyber Security for Remote Patient Monitoring System

The Internet of Things is an emerging topic of technical, social, and economic significance. Consumer products, durable goods, cars and trucks, industrial and utility components, sensors, and other everyday objects are being combined with Internet connectivity and powerful data analytic capabilities that promise to transform the way we work, live, and play. Projections for the impact of IoT on the Internet and economy are impressive, with some anticipating as many as 100 billion connected IoT devices and a global economic impact of more than $11 trillion by 2025. Internet of Things (IoT) devices is rapidly becoming ubiquitous while IoT services are becoming pervasive. Their success has not gone unnoticed and the number of threats and attacks against IoT devices and services are on the increase as well. Cyber-attacks are not new to IoT, but as IoT will be deeply interwoven in our lives and societies, it is becoming necessary to step up and take cyber defense seriously. Currently, most proposed IoT attacks are proof-of-concepts and have yet to generate any profit for attackers. This does not mean that attackers won’t target IoT devices in future, even if it is just to misuse the technology or have a persistent anchor in a home network. The use of weak passwords is a security issue that has repeatedly been seen in IoT devices. These devices often do not have a keyboard, so configuration has to be done remotely. Unfortunately, not all vendors force the user to change the devices’ default passwords and many have unnecessary restrictions which make the implementation of long, complex passwords impossible. The Open Web Application Security Project’s (OWASP) Lists Top Ten Internet of Things Vulnerabilities. This thesis has three main contributions. (i) It enables secure communication in the IoT using lightweight compressed yet standard compliant IPsec, DTLS, and IEEE 802.15. 4 link layer security; and it discusses the pros and cons of each of these solutions. The proposed security solutions are implemented and evaluated in an IoT setup on real hardware. (ii) This thesis also presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of novel IDS for the IoT. (iii) Last but not least, it also provides mechanisms to protect data inside constrained nodes. This paper mainly focuses on Remote Patient Monitoring Systems. However, deploying new technologies in healthcare applications without considering security makes patient privacy vulnerable. Moreover, the physiological data of an individual are highly sensitive. Therefore, security is a paramount requirement of healthcare applications, especially in the case of patient privacy, if the patient has an embarrassing disease. Security is provided for data which is being fetched from the patients through wearable devices and transferred to the concerned doctors by using a public key encryption technique namely ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) is used.
History and Genesis of the Detailed Review of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Assays

This issue presents the detailed review paper (DRP) on thyroid hormone disruption assays that was prepared for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and that exists as an OECD monograph. However, this document is now available here in one issue of Critical Reviews in Toxicology as a series of published articles. The original document has been modified in several ways. First, an overview (now article 2) was added to discuss how new data and new directions for thyroid research will play an important role in shaping thyroid assays as they evolve. Second, each of the original chapters of the thyroid DRP have been separated into individual papers. The appendices of the original DRP were removed and will be merged and published separately.
Longitudinal Associations Between Negative Symptoms and Social Functioning in Schizophrenia: The Moderating Role of Employment Status and Setting

While research has demonstrated strong relationships between negative symptoms and social difficulties in schizophrenia, little is known about the possible role of employment status and setting in this relationship. Seventy-seven participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, who were either unemployed (n = 34), employed within a specialty mental health setting (n = 23), or employed within a community setting (n = 20) were assessed twice, six weeks apart, as to their negative symptoms and social functioning. Work in community settings generally predicted an increase in the levels of social functioning over time. However, individuals with high levels of negative symptoms who were employed in community settings evinced substantial decline in social functioning over time compared to unemployment or to employment in specialty mental health settings. These results are consistent with action models of psychopathology and encourage heightened sensitivity to individual symptomatic profiles in the course of vocational rehabilitation.
Kras Mutation Analysis of Fine Needle Aspirate Under EUS Guidance Facilitates Risk Stratification of Patients With Pancreatic Mass

Objectives The accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC) for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is suboptimal. Mutational activation of the kras oncogene is almost universally present in pancreatic cancer tissue. We, therefore, investigated if analysis for mutant kras gene in the EUS-FNAC aspirates supplements cytopathology for the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC). Methods EUS-FNAC specimens obtained from 74 patients with pancreatic masses were analyzed for the presence of kras mutation on codon 12 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and MvaI restriction enzyme. Definitive diagnosis was based on surgical pathology or long-term follow-up (median 27.8 mo); 57 patients had PAC, 11 patient's chronic pancreatitis, and 9 patient's nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumors. Results Analysis of mutant kras gene in addition to cytopathology allowed the detection of PAC in 4 additional patients as compared with cytopathology alone. Cytopathology and kras mutant analysis were negative for PAC in 17 patients of whom 6 patients (35%) had PAC. The respective sensitivity (90.9% vs. 82.5%), specificity (47.6% vs. 97.9%), positive predictive value (89.5% vs. 83.8%), negative predictive value (98.1% vs. 94.1%), accuracy (89.2% vs. 58.8%) of cytopathology plus kras mutation versus cytopathology were numerically superior but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Analysis for the presence of mutant kras gene supplements conventional cytopathology for the diagnosis of PAC even without a cytopathologist in attendance and using only 3 needle passes. Among patients with negative cytopathology, the presence of kras mutation represents pancreatic cancer while the absence of kras mutation increases the possibility of benign lesion.
The effects of noradrenaline on neurones in the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, in vitro.

1. Intracellular recordings were made from vagal motoneurones identified by antidromic stimulation in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (d.m.v.) in slice preparations of rat medulla oblongata. 2. Noradrenaline (NA) applied by perfusion (0.01 microM to 1 mM) depolarized 55%, hyperpolarized 32% and produced a biphasic response (hyperpolarization followed by depolarization) in 9% of the d.m. v. neurones tested. 3. The NA effects persisted after complete elimination of synaptic inputs during perfusion with Ca2+‐free high‐Mg2+ solution, and therefore probably resulted from a direct action on the postsynaptic membranes. 4. The NA depolarization was blocked by prazosin and the NA hyperpolarization by yohimbine, but neither was blocked by propranolol or timolol. Phenoxybenzamine blocked both responses. The results indicate that NA depolarization is mediated by alpha 1‐adrenoceptors and hyperpolarization by alpha 2‐adrenoceptors. 5. The neurones which were depolarized by NA were also hyperpolarized by NA when the alpha 1‐adrenoceptors were blocked by prazosin (all of seven neurones tested). This result suggests that most vagal motoneurones in the d.m. v. have both alpha 1‐and alpha 2‐adrenoceptors. 6. The NA depolarization was accompanied by a decrease in membrane conductance and the hyperpolarization by an increase in membrane conductance, both of which were measured under manual‐clamp conditions. 7. The reversal potentials for the NA responses were around ‐85 mV in normal Ringer solution, and shifted as predicted by the Nernst equation when the extracellular K+ concentration was changed. 8. The inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked by focal electrical stimulation on the slice surface of the commissural part of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (n.t.s.), which contains an A2 catecholaminergic cell group, were abolished by yohimbine. 9. The results suggest that NA modulates vagal output by decreasing or increasing the K+ conductance of d.m. v. neurones through alpha 1‐ or alpha 2‐adrenoceptors. In addition, the A2 noradrenergic cell group within the n.t. s. may send inhibitory inputs to the d.m. v.
Warzone stressor exposure, unit support, and emotional distress among U.S. Air force pararescuemen.

OBJECTIVES Combat exposure is associated with increased mental health symptom severity among military personnel, whereas unit support is associated with decreased severity. However, to date no studies have examined these relationships among U.S. Air Force pararescuemen (PJs), who have a unique and specialized career field that serves in both medical and combatant capacities. DESIGN Cross-sectional self-report survey. METHODS Self-reported survey data regarding depression symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, perceived unit support, and exposure to traditional combat experiences (e.g., firefights) and medical consequences of combat (e.g., injuries and human remains) were collected from 194 PJs in seven rescue squadrons. RESULTS Levels of combat exposure were compared with previously published findings from combat units, and levels of medical exposure were compared with previously published findings among military medical professionals. Medical exposure intensity showed a stronger relationship with PTSD severity (? =.365, p=.018) than with combat exposure intensity (? =.136, p=.373), but neither combat nor medical exposure was associated with depression severity (? s<.296, ps>.164). Unit support was associated with less severe PTSD (? =? .402, p<.001) and depression (? =? .259, p=.062) symptoms and did not moderate the effects of combat or medical exposure. CONCLUSIONS Medical stressors contribute more to PTSD among PJs than do traditional combat stressors. Unit support is associated with reduced PTSD and depression severity regardless of intensity of warzone exposure among PJs.
Influence of clinical and pathologic features on the pathologist's diagnosis of mycosis fungoides: a pilot study

Although clinicopathologic correlation is critical in the diagnosis of early mycosis fungoides (MF), how clinical information directly affects the pathologist's interpretation is unknown. This pilot study aimed to assess the influence of provided clinical information and specific histopathologic features on the histopathologic diagnosis of MF vs. its inflammatory simulants. A computerized survey recorded diagnostic impressions by 24 dermatopathologists of 30 hematoxylin‐eosin stained images, including 15 MF images and 15 dermatitis images. Images were accompanied by concordant clinical descriptions (33%), no clinical information (33%) or discordant clinical descriptions (33%). Percentage of correctly classified MF histopathologic images for the three scenarios of concordant clinical information, no clinical information or discordant clinical information were 32% (kappa 0.19), 56% (kappa 0.12) and 16% (kappa 0.33), respectively. The percentage of correctly classified slides presented with no clinical information was different from the other two groups (p < 0.0001). Pautrier collections were most associated with correct classification. Clinical information may play a significant role in the histopathologic diagnosis of MF, although there may be some value in initial blinded histopathologic interpretation. Specific histopathologic features differ in relative importance in the diagnosis of MF.
Time-optimal trajectories with bounded curvature in anisotropic media

This paper characterizes time-optimal trajectories in anisotropic (direction-dependent) environments where path curvatures are bounded by the inverse of the minimum-turning radius of a mobile agent. Such problems are often faced in the navigation of aerial, ground and naval vehicles when a mobile agent cannot instantaneously change its heading angle. The work presented is a generalization of the Dubins car problem, which considers the fastest paths with bounded curvature while assuming constant speed and minimum-turning radius. We relax this assumption and discuss fastest-path finding problems for the generalized direction-dependent speed and minimum-turning radius functions, to account for the effects of waves, winds and slope of the terrain on the agent’s motions. We establish that there exists an optimal path such that it is a portion of a path of the type CSCSC where C denotes a sharpest-turn curve and S a straight-line segment. We further analyze a special case wherein the speed polar plot is convex, and show that in that case there exists an optimal path with the same structure as for the Dubins problem: CCC or CSC . An algorithm that implements our results for the convex speed polar plot is also presented.
Optimism, pessimism, and mortality.

ings quite a remarkable finding: that the new Optimism-Pessimism scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) predicts no less a dependent variable than death itself. The finding is unusually important for 2 reasons: First, the obvious one is predicting a “hard” measure like mortality from a “mere” paper-andpencil psychological construct. The second is more subtle, and it comes from the long history of this project. More than 2 decades ago, researchers in the field of learned helplessness began to find in animals that encountering uncontrollable bad events resulted in inadequate rejection of implanted tumors and inadequate immune function. Findings in these well-controlled studies were in line with the more anecdotal evidence on helplessness and mortality that had steadily accumulated since the early writings of Curt Richter on sudden death and of George Engel on helplessness-hopelessness and physical illness. Researchers of learned helplessness turned to the study of humans in the 1970s and pursued work on a trait that turned out to be a major amplifier of helplessness: pessimism and optimism. It was found that pessimistic individuals (people who interpret bad events as permanent and pervasive) became helpless and depressed more easily than optimists (who see bad events as temporary, controllable, and local). A questionnaire, the Attributional Style Questionnaire, was validated for optimism and pessimism and was widely used to predict depression. A content-analytic method of measuring optimism and pessimism was then derived to index this trait in people who do not take questionnaires, such as Presidents of the United States, sports heroes, and the dead. Pessimism measured in this way predicted poor health in late middle age as well as mortality. The content-analytic measure of optimism-pessimism has 2 disadvantages, however: it is labor-intensive, and it Mayo Clinic Proceedings
Targeted Identification of Infection‐Related HLA Class I–Presented Epitopes by Stable Isotope Tagging of Epitopes (SITE)

Identification of peptides presented in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules after viral infection is of strategic importance for immunology and vaccine development. A powerful strategy aimed at the rapid, unambiguous identification of naturally processed HLA class I–associated peptides, which are induced by viral infection, is presented here. The methodology, stable isotope tagging of epitopes (SITE), is based on metabolic labeling of endogenously synthesized proteins during infection. This is accomplished by culturing virus‐infected cells with stable isotope‐labeled amino acids that are expected to be anchor residues for the human leukocyte antigen allele of interest. Subsequently, these cells are mixed with an equal number of noninfected cells, which are cultured in normal medium. Finally, peptides are acid‐eluted from immunoprecipitated HLA molecules and subjected to two‐dimensional nanoscale liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Virus‐induced peptides are identified through computer‐assisted detection of characteristic, binomially distributed ratios of labeled and unlabeled molecules.
MACC1 as a marker for advanced colorectal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Recently, Stein et al. identified the metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) gene by genome-wide search for differentially expressed genes in human colon cancer tissues and metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed MACC1 expression levels in 52 colorectal cancer samples using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). RESULTS We found that MACC1 expression showed significant correlation with peritoneal dissemination (p=0.042) and higher stage of TNM classification (p=0.007). CONCLUSION These results suggest that MACC1 is more frequently expressed in advanced colorectal carcinomas.
The representation of the plegic hand in the motor cortex: a combined fMRI and TMS study

TMS mapping and fMRI were used to investigate changes in the motor cortex representation of the hand in a patient with complete loss of right hand function following traumatic avulsion of the cervical roots C7 and C8. Both TMS and fMRI demonstrated an expansion of the motor representation of the forearm into the hand area contralateral to the injured side. fMRI of the hand area, however, revealed that this area could still be activated when the patient was instructed to imagine finger tapping with his plegic hand. These results indicate that the plegic hand is still represented in the motor cortex, despite the fact that the same cortical area is also now active during movements involving forearm muscles.
A combined radio and GeV γ-ray view of the 2012 and 2013 flares of Mrk 421

In 2012 Markarian 421 underwent the largest flare ever observed in this blazar at radio frequencies. In the present study, we start exploring this unique event and compare it to a less extreme event in 2013. We use 15 GHz radio data obtained with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory 40-m telescope, 95 GHz millimetre data from the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy, and GeV γ-ray data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The radio light curves during the flaring periods in 2012 and 2013 have very different appearances, in both shape and peak flux density. Assuming that the radio and γ-ray flares are physically connected, we attempt to model the most prominent sub-flares of the 2012 and 2013 activity periods by using the simplest possible theoretical framework. We first fit a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model to the less extreme 2013 flare and estimate parameters describing the emission region. We then model the major γ-ray and radio flares of 2012 using the same framework. The 2012 γ-ray flare shows two distinct spikes of similar amplitude, so we examine scenarios associating the radio flare with each spike in turn. In the first scenario, we cannot explain the sharp radio flare with a simple SSC model, but we can accommodate this by adding plausible time variations to the Doppler beaming factor. In the second scenario, a varying Doppler factor is not needed, but the SSC model parameters require fine-tuning. Both alternatives indicate that the sharp radio flare, if physically connected to the preceding γ-ray flares, can be reproduced only for a very specific choice of parameters.
Single breath‐hold whole‐heart MRA using variable‐density spirals at 3t

Multislice breath‐held coronary imaging techniques conventionally lack the coverage of free‐breathing 3D acquisitions but use a considerably shorter acquisition window during the cardiac cycle. This produces images with significantly less motion artifact but a lower signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). By using the extra SNR available at 3 T and undersampling k‐space without introducing significant aliasing artifacts, we were able to acquire high‐resolution fat‐suppressed images of the whole heart in 17 heartbeats (a single breath‐hold). The basic pulse sequence consists of a spectral‐spatial excitation followed by a variable‐density spiral readout. This is combined with real‐time localization and a real‐time prospective shim correction. Images are reconstructed with the use of gridding, and advanced techniques are used to reduce aliasing artifacts. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cost‐effectiveness of hepatitis A vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis C

I read with great interest and more than a little dismay the article by Myers, Gregor, and Marotta1 on the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis A vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis C. While I found the article to be very well written and thorough, I find the premise for the article to be totally unacceptable. Are we to withhold a simple vaccination from our patients, knowing that they run the risk of severe morbidity or death simply because it may not be “cost effective” in a population study? This article calls to mind a story that was recently played out in the courts in the United States. There was once a large automobile manufacturer that produced a vehicle it knew was unsafe. Not only did they know that it was unsafe, they also knew how to fix the problem to render the vehicle safe. However, rather than do the right thing and fix the vehicle (at a cost of $11 per vehicle), they embarked on a course similar to Myers et al. They first calculated the cost of correcting the defect and then compared it with the cost they may incur if the defect was not corrected. They used data from the federal government and that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration made available to them. They calculated the average damage per person killed by their vehicle. They added medical costs, property damage, insurance administration, legal and court costs, employer losses, victim pain and suffering, and funeral bills as well as “other costs. ” When they found that this cost would be less than the cost of correcting the defect on the vehicle, they elected to take their chances in court. Their strategy ultimately landed them in court and resulted in one of the largest settlements in the American legal system. The ethics involved in their decision-making process was headline news throughout the nation. The parallels between this story and the conclusions drawn from this article I find to be quite remarkable. I can see myself in the future consoling Mrs. X upon the death of her husband from hepatitis A superimposed on hepatitis C, a disease that could have been prevented by a simple vaccination, by handing her the article and saying, “but as you can see here, clearly it would not have been cost effective for me to have given your husband a simple vaccine. ” I was surprised that this article did not provoke more editorial comments from the editors of HEPATOLOGY and I certainly hope that the ACIP does not reconsider its stance on vaccinating all patients with hepatitis C with the hepatitis A vaccine.