Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of a Phytochrome-like Protein in Macroalgae

A phytochrome-like protein was detected in extracts from the red algae Corallina elongata and Gelidium sp. , from the brown algae Cystoseira abiesmarina and Cystoseira tamariscifolia, and from the green algae Ulva rigida, Enteromorpha compressa and Chara hispida. Relative amounts of the photoreversible protein were determined by measurement of Δ (ΔA) values of the crude extract. SDS gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies directed to phytochrome from etiolated maize and oat seedlings revealed only one phytochrome-related band with apparent molecular weight of 130 kDa. The absorption difference spectrum after partial purification showed a “normal” absorption band (λmax = 670 nm) for the Pr form but only a very weak band (λmax = 705 nm) for the “Pfr form”.
C‐band polymorphism in the inbred lines showing neocentric activity in rye

C-banding patterns of five inbred lines originating from cv. ‘Stâlrâg’ with different intensity of neocentric activity were examined. Differences between the lines were observed in the length of telomeric C-bands as well as in the band located adjacent to the nuceleolus-organizing region. However, the band on the short arm of 4R, which has earlier been shown to be the primary site of activity in the line with the highest intensity, differed in size in only one line. The deviating line is exceptional showing the activity in up to six chromosomes instead of the usual one. No other possible correlations between the size of bands and the intensity of neocentric activity could be established.
Microfilaments in the Phloem of Pinus radiata Cotyledons

Differentiating sieve cells and neighbouring parenchymatous elements of Pinus radiata cotyledons contain a large number of bundles of microfilaments, the majority of which occur peripherally, Microfilament bundles are seen in association with the plasmalemma and several other cell structures. Sometimes a filament bundle was seen in association with more than one cell structure.
The biology of Dysdera crocata (Araneae, Dysderidae): Intraspecific interactions

Previous descriptions of the courtship of Dysdera crocata, a cosmopolitan short-sighted hunting spider, as “swift and unelaborate” are inappropriate. Male-female interactions were observed usually to last in the laboratory (n= 119) for several minutes (median 3–13 min; maximum 135 min). Previous to mating about a dozen distinct elements of behaviour occur in discernable sequences which seem comparable in complexity to those of many web-building and long-sighted hunting spiders. The functions of these behaviours are discussed; and the notion that the predatory behaviour of females is the key to understanding the ultimate causation of male courtship is questioned. Males perform different behaviours depending on whether the female is inside or outside her nest. Females and juveniles display also and different combinations of displays occur during interactions depending on the sex/age classes of the spiders involved. Experiments in which spiders were blinded showed that vision is not necessary during intraspecific interactions, and experiments with dead spiders indicated that tactile and/or chemotactic stimuli are sufficient to elicit lengthy courtship from males and brief responses from females. Experiments with vacant nests indicate that silk alone is sufficient to elicit responses from both males and females and permit discriminations between nests of conspecifics and other arthropods. Since washing in ether rendered nests and dead females ineffective in eliciting responses from conspecifics, contact pheromones are suggested.
The contribution of H LA to rheumatoid arthritis

The contribution of genes within the major histocompatability complex to rheumatoid arthritis has been calculated (Rotter & Landaw 1984). Separate data from hospital‐ and population‐based studies of monozygotic twin concordance rates and sibling recurrence risks have been used, along with material from published haplotype‐sharing studies. Using either source of information gives the same result, a contribution of 37%.
Surface composition, surface properties, and adhesiveness of Azospirillum brasilense—variation during growth

The surface chemical composition, the physicochemical properties, and the adhesiveness of Azospirillum brasilense have been investigated during growth in Luria-Bertani* rich medium. The surface elemental composition obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was converted into a molecular composition in terms of model constituents: proteins, poly saccharides, and hydrocarbon-like compounds. The protein content increased during growth, from 30 (exponential phase cells) to 50% (stationary phase cells), concomitantly with a decrease in the polysaccharide content, from 60 to 35%. These modifications were related to a change in cell surface hydrophobicity, i.e., to an increase of the water contact angle from 20 to 60 degrees. No difference of electrophoretic mobility was detected between cells harvested in the exponential phase and cells harvested in the stationary phase. The increase of both cell surface protein concentration and cell surface hydrophobicity during growth was correlated with an increase of cell adhesiveness to model supports. This points to the involvement of cell surface proteins and cell surface hydrophobicity in the adhesion process.
Children’s Health and Maternal Work Activity

Past empirical findings indicate that children’s health problems reduce married mothers’ employment but are inconclusive in the case of female heads. These studies use diverse disability definitions, samples, and specifications. This paper uses pooled SIPP panels to investigate the impact of alternative disability measures on maternal market work. Negative effects of several disability definitions on female heads’ and wives’ employment and hours at a point in time are found. In contrast, while female heads’ growth in work hours over time and probabilities of entering employment appear adversely affected by child disability, there is no evidence for analogous effects on wives.
Abstract

Healing of dorsal pancarpal arthrodesis in 17 dogs Michal, U. , Fluckiger, M. & Schmokel, H. (2003) Healing of dorsal pancarpal arthrodesis in the dog. Journal of Small Animal Practice 44, 109- 112
CHROMOSOME CONDITIONS IN THE SECOND AND THIRD GENERATIONS OF PENTAPLOID WHEAT HYBRIDS

The numbers and mating capabilities of the chromosomes were determined in a good many F2 plants and their offspring in two crosses between common (42-chromosome) wheat and emmer (28-chromosome) types. In general the results confirmed those of Kihara and supported his conclusions. Chromosome numbers were much nearer those of the parental types than was to be expected if all germ cells were capable of functioning and all zygotes of developing. A large number of expected chromosome types did not appear at all. A high percentage of F2 had only 14 bivalent chromosomes and zero to seven univalents. These tended to revert rapidly to the 14-bivalent condition of emmers. F3 in this group did not have more than 14 bivalents nor more univalents than their F2 parents. A chromosome formula for all of the group of F2 with more than 14 bivalents may be written (14+x) bivalents +(7−x) univalents. Thesetended to revert to the 21-bivalent condition of common wheat. F3 in this group did not have fewer bivalents nor more uni.
A Correction to the Review Titled: "De Novo Organ Formation from Differentiated Cells: Root Nodule Organogenesis" by M. Crespi and F. Frugier

tence “Interestingly, similar sequences to most of the regulatory genes required for nodulation have been identified in nonlegume plants that are able to interact with mycorrhizal fungi, a symbiotic interaction very common across the plant kingdom that has been shown to control lateral root formation and phytohormone action. ” (page 6 in the PDF) is incorrect. The corrected sentence reads “Interestingly, similar sequences to most of the regulatory genes required for nodulation have been identified in nonlegume plants that are able to interact with mycorrhizal fungi, a symbiotic interaction very common across the plant kingdom, or have been shown to control lateral root formation and phytohormone action. ” The online full text view of the article has been corrected. A corrected PDF (http://stke.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/sigtrans;1/49/re11.pdf) is available starting 13 January 2009.
Foliage Residue Decomposition and Nutrient Release in Peach Palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) Plantations for Heart‐of‐Palm Production in Costa Rica

Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) for heart-of-palm production exports relatively low amounts of nutrients from the field and leaves considerable amounts of residue and nutrients on the ground as mulch. The primary objective of this study was to gain an understanding of residue decomposition and nutrient release patterns of peach palm foliage in a mature plantation in Costa Rica. The study was conducted within a 16-yr commercial peach palm stand during two typically seasonal wet periods and one typically dry period. The third leaf of the five leaves cut during harvest of the stem portion were placed in 1-mm mesh nylon bags. Bags were placed on the soil surface and retrieved at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48 wk. Initial residue N concentrations over the three placement periods ranged from 24.2 to 28.1 g kg -1 , C to N ratios between 16:1 and 17:1, cellulose from 251 to 325 g kg -1 , and lignin from 80 to 104 g kg -1 . There was no effect of seasonal periods on residue decomposition and N, P, and K release. Residue decomposition and nutrient release were best fitted by single-exponential, three-parameter models. The residue decomposition rate was 0.1472 wk while nutrient release rates ranged from 0.0297 to 0.2998 wk -1 . The potentially available nutrient pools in 4- and 8-yr peach palm stands from a companion experiment ranged on an annual basis from 93 to 107 kg N ha -1 , 14 to 15 kg P ha -1 , 90 to 116 kg K ha ', 19 to 23 kg Ca ha -1 , and 13 to 14 kg Mg ha '. The relatively rapid decomposition and nutrient release rates would seem to be ideal for this perennial cropping system where plants are continuously absorbing nutrients during the year to support the growth of offshoots that eventually become harvestable stems.
Spatial distribution of upland beetles in relation to landform, vegetation and grazing management

Dennis, P., Aspinall, R. J., Gordon, I. J. (2002). Spatial distribution of upland beetles in relation to landform vegetation and grazing management. Basic and Applied Ecology, 3 (2), 183–193. Sponsorship: SEERAD RAE2008
An In Situ Experimental Evaluation of the Elliott and Persson and the Eggers Models for Estimating Fish Daily Ration

We compared estimates of daily ration developed using the theoretically rigorous and logistically demanding Elliott and Persson model and the more easily applied Eggers model which is infrequently used because of its assumptions about rigid fish feeding periodicity. Comparisons were based on ten 24-h samplings of six different yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations. Daily ration estimates from the two models did not differ significantly. This consistency occurred in spite of the fact that in some cases the observed feeding periodicity violated the assumptions of the Eggers model. A simulation model demonstrated that 95% confidence intervals were smallest for the Eggers estimates and that the Eggers model was more robust than the Elliott and Persson model to changes in both sampling frequency and number offish sacrificed at each sampling event. The latter proved particularly sensitive to changes in sampling frequency. We concluded that the two models provide estimates of daily ration comparable in mag.
Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from declining oak stands

Summary Within the scope of a research project on the condition of roots of declining oaks (Quercus robur, Quercus petraea), samples of fine roots and surrounding soil, specimens of stripe cankers on the stem base, and samples of stream water were examined for the presence of Phytophthora species using both baiting methods and selective agar media. At 27 sites in Germany (Bavaria, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein), Switzerland, Hungary, Italy and Slovenia the following species were isolated (mainly from soil): Phytophthora citricola, Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora cambivora, Phytophthora gon-apodyides, Phytophthora undulata, a species with affinity to Phytophthora drechsleri, and two additional species with close affinity to the Phytophthora cactorum group. Moreover, Pythium group P, Pythium anandrum, Pythium chamaehyphon, and many other Pythium species that have not yet been identified could be recovered. In a soil infestation test most isolates induced dieback of long root tips and necrotic lesions in the root cortex and at the root collar of Quercus robur seedlings. All Phytophthora species tested and Pythium group P caused cortical necrosis after stem inoculation of young Quercus robur trees. It could be shown in vitro that Phytophthora gonapodyides and Pythium group P were able to produce a wilting toxin. Nitrogen input and climatic changes are discussed as predisposing factors for root damage observed in the field.
Ontogenetic Niche Shifts in Old‐Field Annuals

To learn whether niche breadths change during the life of a plant, we tested the responses of three age—classes of six annual plants on four environmental gradients. Several ontogenetic niche shifts were observed. The differences in response among age—classes of a species were larger than the differences in response among other species of similar ages. The species were very similar in their germination responses to the moisture and nutrient gradients, but were quite different from each other on the temperature gradient. The biomass response of seedlings was the broadest of the three age—classes only on the nutrient gradient. The responses of the species were very similar. On the temperature gradient, responses of the species were also similar to each other, but response breadths were low. On the light gradient there were more differences among the species as seedlings than on the other gradients. The reproductive responses of mature plants were most sensitive to changes in nutrient concentration, resulting in narrower responses than for the other two age—classes. Responses of mature plants were relatively broad on the moisture, temperature, and light gradients. The co—occurrence of different ages of plants in a given locality makes these ontogenetic shifts in response to resource gradients important in the outcome of interactions between neighbors.
Presence of specific antibodies and proviral DNA of small ruminant lentiviruses in lambs in their first weeks of life

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of proviral DNA and colostral antibodies in lambs born to and fed by ewes infected with small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). It was demonstrated that all 20 lambs tested 24 h after colostrum ingestion were serologically positive with high antibody titres. These gradually decreased with time, and at week 12 all lambs were seronegative. Twenty percent of lambs tested at the 2nd week postpartum were provirus positive by qPCR as a result of consumption of infected colostrum or in utero infection. When tested at three months of life, 95% of the lambs were provirus positive, probably as a result of horizontal transmission of the virus. Since these animals could play an important role in the early propagation of SRLV to susceptible herdmates, early removal of provirus-positive animals could help to prevent new infections.
Evidence in Dicots for Stomatal Patterning by Inhibition

The arrangement of the simplest type of stomatal complex, the agenous form that has no noticeable subsidiary cells, was examined in three dicots: catalpa (Catalpa speciosa Warder), geranium (Pelargonium zonale L.), and the Chinese scholar tree (Sophora japonica L.). The degree of patterning of stomata in these three species as measured by the method of Clark and Evans is 1.64, 1.62, and 1.65, respectively. The frequencies of stomata (S), cells adjacent to stomata (I), and cells not adjacent to stomata (F) are similar: 0.198, 0.684, and 0.117 for catalpa; 0.189, 0.644, and 0.167 for geranium; and 0.195, 0.693, and 0.112 for the Chinese scholar tree. Stomatal patterning in clover, Trifolium repens L. , and the garden pea, Pisum sativum L. var. arvense cv. Dun, were also examined as nonagenous species for comparison with the other three species. Two models were constructed to depict the purely heterotypic (inhibitory) type of stomatal formation. The geometric model describes this type of stoma determination by a simulation graphics program and determines the frequencies for the three types of cells, i.e., S, I, and F, as 0.163, 0.737, and 0.099. The mathematical model consists of three simultaneous differential equations, one for each type of cell, and their frequencies are solved as 0.172, 0.688, and 0.142. The similarity of the data collected from these two models to those for the three species with agenous stomata indicates that the pattern of stomatal arrangement can be explained by heterotypic induction. Parallel studies made on clover and pea, species previously identified with cell lineage determination of stomata, also can be explained quantitatively by inhibitory models.
Socioecological revitalization of an urban watershed

Older, economically troubled urban neighborhoods present multiple challenges to environmental quality. Here, we present results from an initiative in Baltimore, Maryland, where water-quality improvements were rooted in a socioecological framework that highlighted the interactions between biogeophysical dynamics and social actors and institutions. This framework led to implementation of best management practices followed by assessment of changes in human perception, behavior, and education programs. Results suggest that such an initiative can improve both water quality (eg reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus runoff) and quality of life (eg increased involvement in outdoor recreation by residents and improvements in student environmental literacy and performance) in urban neighborhoods. However, proposed solutions to the water-quality problems in such neighborhoods have (1) typically emphasized the need for stormwater facilities that are difficult to build and maintain and (2) comprehensively addressed neither the issues related to aging infrastructure and hydrologic complexity nor the benefits derived from linkages between resident perception of environmental improvements and behavior and water-quality outcomes.
The Power of Association: Its Impact on Willingness to Buy GM Food

ABSTRACT Affect, associations, and images associated with food technologies may be important factors influencing consumers’ perception of and willingness to accept new food technologies. The aim of the present study was to investigate free associations evoked by the term “biotechnology” and how they influence behavior. Therefore, participants (N = 632) were asked to name three associations they had in mind when confronted with the term “biotechnology. ” After that, respondents indicated how positive or how negative these associations were. Additionally, an equivalent gain task was used to measure participants’ behavioral intentions related to genetically modified (GM) chocolate. Results of a log-linear analysis and a correspondence analysis suggest that attitudes toward biotechnology result in a wide range of associations. Participants having negative attitudes mentioned images related to the environment and industry more often compared with participants having positive attitudes. Results of the equivalent gain task show that willingness to buy GM chocolate can be predicted by the subjects’ three reported associations (p < .001), as well as by their gender (p = .003). The model explains 33.5% of the variance. Affect related to people's associations with gene technology strongly influenced their acceptance of GM foods.
Purification and Some Properties of Chitinase from the Stomach of Japanese Eel, Anguilla japonica

Chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) was purified from the stomach of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, by fractionations with ammonium sulfate, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, and hydroxylapatite column chromatography. The molecular weight of this enzyme was 50,000 by SDS-PAGE, and the optimum pH was 4.4. The activity was strongly inhibited by Hg2+ and slightly activated by EDTA. The hydrolysis products of colloidal chitin by the enzyme were GlcNAc and GlcNAc2. When GlcNAc3–6 was used as substrate, GlcNAc and GlcNAc2 were recognized as final products with various ratios. GlcNAc2 was not hydrolyzed by this chitinase.
Mechanistic aspects of the xanthophyll dynamics in higher plant thylakoids

Plant thylakoids have a highly conserved xanthophyll composition, consisting of β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin and a pool of violaxanthin that can be converted to antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin in excess light conditions. Recent work has shown that xanthophylls undergo dynamic changes, not only in their composition but also in their distribution among Lhc proteins. Xanthophylls are released from specific binding site in the major trimeric LHCII complex of photosystem II and are subsequently bound to different sites into monomeric Lhcb proteins and dimeric Lhca proteins. In this work we review available evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies on the structural determinants that control xanthophyll exchange in Lhc proteins. We conclude that the xanthophyll exchange rate is determined by the structure of individual Lhc gene products and it is specifically controlled by the lumenal pH independently from the activation state of the violaxanthin deepoxidase enzyme. The xanthophyll exchange induces important modifications in the organization of the antenna system of Photosystem II and, possibly of Photosystem I. Major changes consist into a modulation of the light harvesting efficiency and an increase of the protection from lipid peroxidation. The xanthophyll cycle thus appears to be a signal transduction system for co-ordinated regulation of the photoprotection mechanisms under persistent stress from excess light.
Quasi Experiments, Hedonic Models, and Estimating Trade-offs for Local Amenities

This paper evaluates whether the property value capitalization effects measured with quasi-experimental methods offer reliable estimates of willingness to pay for changes in amenities. We propose the use of a market simulation as a robustness check. Two applications establish the method’s relevance. The first examines the conversion of land cover from desert to wet landscape. The second examines cleanup of hazardous waste sites. We find that even when quasi-experimental methods have access to ideal instruments, their performance in measuring general equilibrium willingness to pay cannot be assumed ideal. It needs to be evaluated considering the specific features of each application. (JEL Q51)
ON CARTESIAN LINGUISTICS

The central doctrine of Cartesian linguistics is that the general features of grammatical structure are common to all languages and reflect certain fundamental properties of the mind. It is this assumption which led the philosophical grammarians to concentrate on grammaire gknkrale rather than grammaire particulikre . the study of universal conditions that prescribe the form of any human language is “grammaire gknkrale. ” Such universal conditions are not learned; rather they provide the organizing principles that make language learning possible, that must exist if data are to lead to knowledge. By attributing such principles to the mind as an innate property, it becomes possible to account for the quite obvious fact that the speaker of a language knows a great deal that he has not learned.