Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metsäsektorin suhdanne-ennusteet ja niiden hyödyntäminen

307 Maailmantalouden suhdannevaihteluiden entistä nopeampi välittyminen kansantaloudesta toiseen on lisännyt tarvetta varautua erilaisiin vaihtoehtoisiin tapahtumakulkuihin niin valtion, yritysten kuin kotitalouksienkin tulevaisuuden suunnittelussa. Globalisoituminen ja metsäsektorin kansainvälistyminen ovat tehneet myös metsäalan kehityksen tarkemman analysoinnin ja ennustamisen yhä tarpeellisemmaksi. Esimerkiksi tuoreessa Ernst & Youngin (2007) metsäteollisuuden näkymiä luotaavassa analyysissa painotetaan kykyä ennustaa tulevaa kysyntää yhtenä yritysjohdon tärkeimmistä strategisista osaamisalueista. Metsäntutkimuslaitos (Metla) on julkaissut Suomen metsäsektorin suhdannekatsausta vuosittain vuodesta 1991 alkaen. Katsauksessa arvioidaan metsäteollisuuden vientimäärien ja -hintojen kehitystä, kotimaan markkinahakkuita, kantohintoja, työllisyyttä sekä metsäteollisuuden kannattavuutta kuluvan ja seuraavan vuoden osalta. Pellervon taloudellisen tutkimuslaitoksen (PTT) metsäja puutalouden tutkimusryhmä julkaisee kahdesti vuodessa vastaavia ennusteita metsäsektorin kehityksestä. Näiden julkaiseminen alkoi vuonna 1981. Suomessa useat muutkin tahot laativat metsäsektoria, etenkin massaja paperiteollisuutta, koskevia ennusteita, mutta vain osa niistä julkaistaan. Esimerkiksi monet pankkien, yksityisten konsulttien sekä metsäyritysten tekemät ennusteet palvelevat laatijatahoa itseään tai heidän asiakkaitaan. Valtiovarainministeriön, Suomen Pankin (Kilponen ja Ripatti 2006) sekä taloustutkimuslaitosten (esim. ETLA) ennusteet metsäsektorille eivät ole yhtä yksityiskohtaisia kuin Metlan tai PTT:n ennusteet, vaikka ne sisällyttävät myös metsäsektorin yleiskehityksen koko talouden ennusteisiinsa. Tässä katsauksessa esittelemme lyhyesti, miten metsäsektorin suhdanne-ennusteita käytännössä tehdään, kuinka niitä voidaan hyödyntää sekä mitä seikkoja olisi hyvä ottaa huomioon ennusteita käytettäessä.
Reply to Lawday et al.

We would like to thank Dr Lawday and colleagues for their interest and very relevant remarks about our paper "'Preoperative geriatric assessment and tailored interventions in frail older patients with colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial". We agree that a strengthened collaboration between surgeons and geriatricians might lead to better outcomes for frail older patients with colorectal cancer. Unfortunately, we were not able to include a sufficient number of patients to demonstrate statistically significant effects in our study.When planning the study in 2009, the literature on prehabilitation before surgery was scarce, including the duration of the prehabilitation period. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Follow-up study on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Rochester, Minn., 1925 through 1984.

The incidence, secular trend and survivorship of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Rochester, Minn. , population has been investigated over a 60-year period, 1925 through 1984. The crude average annual incidence rate was 2.0 per 100,000 population. The rate, age- and sex-adjusted to the US 1970 white population, was 2.4 per 100,000 population (3.0 for men and 2.0 for women), with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Incidence rates after 1955 showed a small but nonsignificant increase compared to those of the former 30-year period. Median age at onset was 67.5 years; the incidence rates increased significantly with advancing age, but without a peak. Median survivorship was 23.8 months, and younger patients had a better prognosis than patients with an advanced age at onset. No change in duration of survivorship was observed over the period studied. Two of the 44 patients (4.5%) had a family history of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Prevalence of Prolonged Latent Phase and Labor Outcomes: Review of Birth Records in a Swedish Population

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of a prolonged latent phase of labor has been described as ranging from 5% to 6.5% in previous research. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of the prolonged latent phase of 18 hours or more, based on women's report, in women intending vaginal birth and who had spontaneous onset of labor. An additional aim was to compare the incidence of obstetric interventions, and the labor and neonatal outcomes in women with and without a prolonged latent phase. METHODS A descriptive and comparative study was performed in a mid-sized hospital in western Sweden. The sample consisted of 1343 birth records of women who intended vaginal births and who had spontaneous onset of labor at 37 or more weeks' gestation during a one-year period (2013-2014). Background characteristics, obstetric interventions, and labor and neonatal outcomes were compared between women with latent phases lasting less than 18 hours and 18 hours or more, based on women's self-report. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the different exposure variables. RESULTS A prolonged latent phase lasting 18 hours or more occurred in 23% of all births analyzed (n = 1343). A prolonged latent phase was more common among nulliparous women (29.2%) but also common for multiparous women (17%). Nulliparous and multiparous women who experienced a prolonged latent phase were more often exposed to amniotomy during latent phase. For nulliparous women, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 11.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.25-25.51) and for multiparous women the aOR was 18.73 (95% CI, 9.06-38.69). Similarly, amniotomy during active phase was more common for both nulliparous and multiparous women who experienced a prolonged latent phase (aOR, 4.05; 95% CI, 2.53-6.47 and aOR, 3.93; 95% CI, 2.43-6.37, respectively). Women with latent phases of 18 hours or more, more often experienced augmentation of labor during all phases, especially during latent phase. For nulliparous women, the aOR was 10.13 (95% CI, 2.82-36.39) and for multiparous women, aOR was11.9 (95% CI, 3.69-38.71). A prolonged latent phase was associated with more instrumental vaginal births for multiparas (aOR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.27-5.26) and emergency cesarean regardless of parity (nulliparous women: aOR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.08-9.50 and multiparous women: aOR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.67-9.26). DISCUSSION Based on women's self-report, the prevalence of a prolonged latent phase in women at term who planned a vaginal birth and had spontaneous onset of labor was higher than previously reported. Women with a prolonged latent phase were more likely to receive obstetric interventions. Assisted vaginal birth was more common for nulliparous women with prolonged latent phase and emergency cesarean occurred more frequently for both nulliparous women and multiparous women with a prolonged latent phase.
Airway geometry, airway flow, and particle measurement methods: implications on pulmonary drug delivery

ABSTRACT Introduction: The effectiveness of drug delivery to the lungs is inextricably linked to the fundamental interactions that occur between particles and flow in the extrathoracic airway. Research in this field requires time resolved in-vivo and in-vitro measurements of three separate, yet intricately linked parameters: i) airway flow, ii) airway geometry, and iii) drug particle characteristics. A number of recent significant developments have been made in the experimental diagnostic tools used to characterise these parameters. Areas covered: In this review paper, we summarize the key recent findings that have resulted from the implementation of laser and optical diagnostic tools towards characterization of airway flow, extrathoracic airway geometry and drug particle characteristics. These three areas are discussed together, enabling a critical review of the implications of recent experimental findings on likely future developments in drug delivery to the lungs. Expert opinion: Improvements in drug delivery systems will result through implementation of laser and optical based diagnostic methods that can spatially and temporally resolve particle and agglomerate shape, size and dynamic characteristics. Design of inhaler devices must be done in parallel to developing realistic in-vitro upper airway replicas that account for physiological differences between patient groups, as a function of respiratory disease severity.
Review demonstrates that less invasive surfactant administration in preterm neonates leads to fewer complications

Surfactant treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was introduced in Europe during the 1990s. Meta‐analyses have indicated that using less invasive surfactant administration techniques on preterm neonates receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) results in improved survival rates without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Surfactant should be administered early and ventilator settings adapted to changing oxygen requirements and lung mechanics. Side effects including initial bradycardia, oxygen desaturation, tube obstruction and isolated cases of pulmonary haemorrhage have been reported.
Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy: Health Policy and Practice in the Midst of an Epidemic.

We applaud Drs. Krans and Patrick for bringing up the timely issue of opioid use disorder in pregnancy.1 Although the authors note the changing demographics of those seeking treatment— from primarily low-income, minority men to young, white women—they neglect to identify the role of race in opioid use disorder treatment.2 Officebased buprenorphine arose in part because of the problem of treating white, middle-class individuals within highly public, surveilled, and regulated methadone clinics.2 Buprenorphine certainly expands medication options and, as the authors note, “liberates patients from the stigma associated with many methadone clinics” in part because it is private, self-administered, and sequestered. However, this liberation is better seen as a form of (white) privilege, because access to buprenorphine is highly stratified by race and class.3 Whereas 53% of methadone patients are black, 92% of buprenorphine patients are white.4 Without acknowledging the racialization of opioid use disorder diagnosis and therapy, we as health care providers reinforce existing inequalities and contribute to a two-tiered system of care. Financial Disclosure: The authors did not report any potential conflicts of interest.
Exploiting Elastic Energy Storage for “Blind” Cyclic Manipulation: Modeling, Stability Analysis, Control, and Experiments for Dribbling

For creating robots that are capable of human-like performance in terms of speed, energetic properties, and robustness, intrinsic compliance is a promising design element. In this paper, we investigate the principle effects of elastic energy storage and release for basketball dribbling in terms of open-loop cycle stability. We base the analysis, which is performed for the 1-degree-of-freedom (DoF) case, on error propagation, peak power performance during hand contact, and robustness with respect to varying hand stiffness. As the ball can only be controlled during contact, an intrinsically elastic hand extends the contact time and improves the energetic characteristics of the process. To back up our basic insights, we extend the 1-DoF controller to 6-DoFs and show how passive compliance can be exploited for a 6-DoF cyclic ball dribbling task with a 7-DoF articulated Cartesian impedance controlled robot. As a human is able to dribble blindly, we decided to focus on the case of contact force sensing only, i.e., no visual information is necessary in our approach. We show via simulation and experiment that it is possible to achieve a stable dynamic cycle based on the 1-DoF analysis for the primary vertical axis together with control strategies for the secondary translations and rotations of the task. The scheme allows also the continuous tracking of a desired dribbling height and horizontal position. The approach is also used to hypothesize about human dribbling and is validated with captured data.
Post‐GWAS in Psychiatric Genetics: A Developmental Perspective on the “Other” Next Steps

As psychiatric genetics enters an era where gene identification is finally yielding robust, replicable genetic associations and polygenic risk scores, it is important to consider next steps and delineate how that knowledge will be applied to ultimately ameliorate suffering associated with substance use and psychiatric disorders. Much of the post‐genome‐wide association study discussion has focused on the potential of genetic information to elucidate the underlying biology and use this information for the development of more effective pharmaceutical treatments. In this review we focus on additional areas of research that should follow gene identification. By taking genetic findings into longitudinal, developmental studies, we can map the pathways by which genetic risk manifests across development, elucidating the early behavioral manifestations of risk, and studying how various environments and interventions moderate that risk across developmental stages. The delineation of risk across development will advance our understanding of mechanism, sex differences and risk and resilience processes in different racial/ethnic groups. Here, we review how the extant twin study literature can be used to guide these efforts. Together, these new lines of research will enable us to develop more informed, tailored prevention and intervention efforts.
Articulatory Kinematic Characteristics Across the Dysarthria Severity Spectrum in Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Purpose The current study investigated whether articulatory kinematic patterns can be extrapolated across the spectrum of dysarthria severity in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Method Temporal and spatial articulatory kinematic data were collected using electromagnetic articulography from 14 individuals with dysarthria secondary to ALS and 6 typically aging speakers. Speech intelligibility and speaking rate were used as indices of severity. Results Temporal measures (duration, speed of articulators) were significantly correlated with both indices of severity. In speakers with dysarthria, spatial measures were not correlated with severity except in 3 measures: tongue movement displacement was more reduced in the anterior-posterior dimension; jaw movement distance was greater in the inferior-superior dimension; jaw convex hull area was larger in speakers with slower speaking rates. Visual inspection of movement trajectories revealed that overall spatial kinematic characteristics in speakers with severe dysarthria differed qualitatively from those in speakers with mild or moderate dysarthria. Unlike speakers with dysarthria, typically aging speakers displayed variable tongue movement and minimal jaw movement. Conclusions The current study revealed that spatial articulatory characteristics, unlike temporal characteristics, showed a complicated pattern across the severity spectrum. The findings suggest that articulatory characteristics in speakers with severe dysarthria cannot simply be extrapolated from those in speakers with mild-to-moderate dysarthria secondary to ALS.
QoE-estimation models for video streaming services

As encoders and decoders (codecs), networks, and displays have become more technologically advanced, network and video-streaming-service providers have been able to provide video-streaming services over a network (e.g., fiber-to-the home and long-term evolution); therefore, the use of these services has been increasing drastically in the past decade. To maintain the high quality of experience (QoE) of these services, network and service providers need to invest in equipment (e.g., network devices, codecs, and servers). To increase return on investment, the QoE of these services needs to be appropriately designed with as little investment as possible, and its normality needs to be monitored while services are provided. In general, the QoE of these services degrades due to compression and network conditions (e.g., packet loss and delay). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a QoE-estimation model by taking into account the impact of compression and network on quality. This paper introduces subjective-quality-assessment methods and QoE-estimation models that assess user QoE in video-streaming services and standardization activities.
Interoperability of device identification in heterogeneous IoT platforms

In order to build a smart home environment using IoT (Internet of Things) technology, up to now the IoT devices (e.g., smart door locks, smart home retrofit, connected smart kitchen, etc.) should have same device identification (ID) system based on a single IoT platform. That is, it is difficult to identify the device ID operated in different IoT platforms (e.g., oneM2M, GS1, IBM Watson IoT etc.) because each IoT platform uses a different device ID system. Moreover, despite the considerable research relating to interoperability between heterogeneous IoT platforms, little attention has focused on device ID interoperability in diverse IoT platforms. Therefore, in this paper, in order to overcome this problem, we analyze the existing device ID systems and propose the conceptual model of IoT device ID translator, named IoT DNS (Device Name System), which can translate diverse types of device ID into oneM2M device ID format.
Sleep Environments of Children in an Urban U.S. Setting Exposed to Interpersonal Violence

This study investigated how violence influences children’s sleep environments. Sixty-five children ages 8–16 years and a parent or guardian were recruited from agencies serving families experiencing violence. At baseline (5 weeks post–violent event), 6 months, and 12 months postbaseline, study staff collected sleep-behavior information and conducted systematic, qualitative assessments of sleep environments. Child sleep problems were generally frequent and persistent. However, 9 children reported improved sleep after the violent event, mainly because perpetrators were no longer present. Sleeping environments were dynamic via changes in location and modifications to improve safety and sleep. Incongruence between children’s and parents’ perceptions of environmental characteristics influencing sleep was common. Families’ motivation to improve children’s sleep represents a foundation to build upon when working with families victimized by violence.
Project SafeFoodPack Design: case study on indirect migration from paper and boards

ABSTRACT Migration due to indirect contact with packaging caused several major sanitary crises, including the spread contamination of dry food by mineral oils and printing ink constituents from cardboard. The issues are still not fully resolved because the mechanisms have been insufficiently described and the relationship between design, contamination level, type of contaminant, and conditions of storage (time and temperature) are poorly understood. This study proposes a forensic analysis of these phenomena when food is separated from cardboard by a plastic layer. Practical relationships and advanced simulation scenarios were devised and validated against the long-term migration between 20 and 60°C of 15 substances. They were chosen to be representative of the main contaminants of cardboard: aliphatic and aromatic mineral oils, photo-initiators and plasticisers. Data were summarised as iso-contamination curves and iso-contamination times up to 2 years. Simple rules are illustrated to extrapolate the results to arbitrary conditions in order to identify critical substances and to estimate the plastic film’s thickness to keep the contamination within acceptable limits. Recommendations for the risk management of contamination routes without contact are finally drafted.
Activated Hedgehog-GLI Signaling Causes Congenital Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction.

Intrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction is the most common cause of congenital hydronephrosis, yet the underlying pathogenesis is undefined. Hedgehog proteins control morphogenesis by promoting GLI-dependent transcriptional activation and inhibiting the formation of the GLI3 transcriptional repressor. Hedgehog regulates differentiation and proliferation of ureteric smooth muscle progenitor cells during murine kidney-ureter development. Histopathologic findings of smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and stroma-like cells, consistently observed in obstructing tissue at the time of surgical correction, suggest that Hedgehog signaling is abnormally regulated during the genesis of congenital intrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Here, we demonstrate that constitutively active Hedgehog signaling in murine intermediate mesoderm-derived renal progenitors results in hydronephrosis and failure to develop a patent pelvic-ureteric junction. Tissue obstructing the ureteropelvic junction was marked as early as E13.5 by an ectopic population of cells expressing Ptch2, a Hedgehog signaling target. Constitutive expression of GLI3 repressor in Ptch1-deficient mice rescued ectopic Ptch2 expression and obstructive hydronephrosis. Whole transcriptome analysis of isolated Ptch2+ cells revealed coexpression of genes characteristic of stromal progenitor cells. Genetic lineage tracing indicated that stromal cells blocking the ureteropelvic junction were derived from intermediate mesoderm-derived renal progenitors and were distinct from the smooth muscle or epithelial lineages. Analysis of obstructive ureteric tissue resected from children with congenital intrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction revealed a molecular signature similar to that observed in Ptch1-deficient mice. Together, these results demonstrate a Hedgehog-dependent mechanism underlying mammalian intrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
Analysis and design of a series-resonant NPC dc-dc converter for auxiliary supply applications in dc grids

Dc-dc converters in dc grids fulfill a similar function as ac transformers in ac grids. Contrary to an ac transformer, a dc-dc converter requires an auxiliary power supply for operation. This paper presents an auxiliary power supply that provides a galvanically isolated low voltage dc output from a medium-voltage dc input. The employed series-resonant Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) topology and its modulation scheme are introduced and analyzed. Furthermore, a transformer with high voltage-ratio and low stray capacitance is presented and isolating gate drivers are described. Simulations including the parasitic effects of the components are performed. The converter is implemented and tested. Measurements verify the previous analysis and simulations.
The prediction probabilities for emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia in children: A comparison of the perfusion index and the bispectral index

Predicting recovery of consciousness is one of the most essential functions of anesthesia depth monitors in anesthesia practice. Perfusion index and bispectral index are 2 indicators of the anesthesia depth monitoring with different working principles. The progression of the anesthesia emergence stages reflected by those monitors has not been well understood, especially in pediatric patients. The goals of this study were to compare the prediction probabilities of perfusion index and bispectral index in predicting awakening and in differentiating the different levels of arousal during emergence after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing open inguinal hernia repairs.