Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Male moths provide pollination benefits in the Silene latifolia–Hadena bicruris nursery pollination system

Summary 1. Evolutionary conflicts of interest underlie mutualisms, including plant/pollinator interactions. This is particularly evident in ‘nursery pollination’, in which the pollinators lay eggs inside the flowers and the offspring of the pollinator consume the developing seeds. Low benefit (pollination service) to cost (seed predation) ratios could destabilize such associations towards parasitism. 2. Although in most of the well-known cases pollen transfer is associated with oviposition, in some systems the males of the seed predator may contribute to pollination, affecting the strength and outcome of the interaction between the plant and their ovipositing pollinators. In addition, in dioecious species male and female plants differ in the direct costs of seed predation and benefits of attracting pollinators, which may lead to sex-specific strategies. 3. We investigated whether pollinator and plant sex affect pollination in the interaction between dioecious plant Silene latifolia and its nursery pollinator, Hadena bicruris (Noctuidae). 4. Data on visitation behaviour and pollination efficiency in experimental plant patches demonstrate that (i) male moths are equally efficient pollinators as female moths, leading to fruit initiation in around 80% of visits and to fertilization of around 45% of the ovules in one visit; (ii) female and male moths do not preferentially visit flowers of one sex; and (iii) feeding behaviour is sufficient to ensure pollen transfer. However, female moths visited significantly more flowers than male moths. 5. Altogether this suggests that both moth sexes provide a pollination benefit to the plant with no differences in pollination efficiency but that female moths, before seed predation costs are accounted for, seem to provide greater benefits owing to their increased activity. That male moths contribute to seed production likely decreases the plant’s dependency on ovipositing moths for pollination.
The Effects of Talker Voice and Accent on Young Children's Speech Perception

Within the first few years of life, children acquire many of the building blocks of their native language� This not only involves knowledge about the linguistic structure of spoken language, but also knowledge about the way in which this linguistic structure surfaces in their speech input� In this chapter, we review how infants and toddlers cope with differences between speakers and accents� Within the context of milestones in early speech perception, we examine how voice and accent characteristics are integrated during language processing, looking closely at the advantages and disadvantages of speaker and accent familiarity, surface-level deviation between two utterances, variability in the input, and prior speaker exposure� We conclude that although deviation from the child’s standard can complicate speech perception early in life, young listeners can overcome these additional challenges� This suggests that early spoken language processing is flexible and adaptive to the listening situation at hand�
Anthocyanin Monitoring in Four Red Grape Skin Extract Varieties Using RP‐HPLC‐ED

Abstract Anthocyanin compounds, cyanin, peonidin, myrtillin, malvin, kuromanin, oenin, petunidin and pelargonidin, present in four varieties of red grape skin extracts were quantified by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (RP‐HPLC‐ED). Several extraction procedures were evaluated for anthocyanin extraction from red grape skins of varieties of the Dão wine demarcated region in Portugal. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the anthocyanins in skins extracts of red grapes during the 2005 harvest campaign, and monitoring these compounds can give great insight toward choosing the best time for the grape harvest for achieving a better wine quality.
Monocular 3 D Tracking of Articulated HumanMotion in Silhouette and PoseManifolds

This paper presents a robust computational framework for monocular 3D tracking of human movement. The main innovation of the proposed framework is to explore the underlying data structures of the body silhouette and pose spaces by constructing lowdimensional silhouettes and poses manifolds, establishing intermanifold mappings, and performing tracking in such manifolds using a particle filter. In addition, a novel vectorized silhouette descriptor is introduced to achieve low-dimensional, noise-resilient silhouette representation. The proposed articulated motion tracker is view-independent, self-initializing, and capable of maintaining multiple kinematic trajectories. By using the learned mapping from the silhouette manifold to the pose manifold, particle sampling is informed by the current image observation, resulting in improved sample efficiency. Decent tracking results have been obtained using synthetic and real videos.
A Review of the Environmental Impacts of Biobased Materials

Concerns over climate change and the security of industrial feedstock supplies have been opening a growing market for biobased materials. This development, however, also presents a challenge to scientists, policy makers, and industry because the production of biobased materials requires land and is typically associated with adverse environmental effects. This article addresses the environmental impacts of biobased materials in a meta‐analysis of 44 life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. The reviewed literature suggests that one metric ton (t) of biobased materials saves, relative to conventional materials, 55 ± 34 gigajoules of primary energy and 3 ± 1 t carbon dioxide equivalents of greenhouse gases. However, biobased materials may increase eutrophication by 5 ± 7 kilograms (kg) phosphate equivalents/t and stratospheric ozone depletion by 1.9 ± 1.8 kg nitrous oxide equivalents/t. Our findings are inconclusive with regard to acidification (savings of 2 ± 20 kg sulfur dioxide equivalents/t) and photochemical ozone formation (savings of 0.3 ± 2.4 kg ethene equivalents/t). The variability in the results of life cycle assessment studies highlights the difficulties in drawing general conclusions. Still, common to most biobased materials are impacts caused by the application of fertilizers and pesticides during industrial biomass cultivation. Additional land use impacts, such as the potential loss of biodiversity, soil carbon depletion, soil erosion, deforestation, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from indirect land use change are not quantified in this review. Clearly these impacts should be considered when evaluating the environmental performance of biobased materials.
Transmission of Human Capital across Four Generations: Intergenerational Correlations and a Test of the Becker-Tomes Model

Most previous studies on intergenerational transmission of human capital are restricted to two generations - between the parent and the child generation. In this paper we investigate if there is an independent effect of the grandparent and the great grandparent generations in this process. We use a dataset where we are able to link individual measures of life time earnings for three generation and data on educational attainments of four generations. We first do conventional regressions and transition matrices for life time earnings measures and educational attainments adding variables for the grandparent and great grandparent generations, respectively. We find that grandparents and even great grandparents significantly influence earnings and education. We then estimate the so called Becker-Tomes model using the educational attainment of the great grandparent generation as an instrumental variable. We fail to find support for the models predictions.
Chapter 1 BOLD fMRI Simulation

Background: Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is sensitive to changes in blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) brain magnetic states. The fMRI scanner produces a complex-valued image, but the calculation of the original BOLD magnetic source is not a mathematically tractable problem. We conduct numeric simulations to understand the BOLD fMRI model. Methods: A brain cortex volume of interest (VOI) is configured with vasculatures (vessels or beads). Brain activity results in a local vascular blood magnetic susceptibil‐ ity change in VOI (denoted by χ(r,t)), manifesting as a dynamic magnetic source for BOLD fMRI. The MRI scanner produces a timeseries of complex-valued images reflecting the dynamic source χ(r,t). A voxel BOLD fMRI signal is simulated by calculating the intravoxel spin precession dephasing signal, a 3D BOLD fMRI by a multivoxel image of voxel signals for a 3D χ source distribution, and a 4D BOLD fMRI by a timeseries of 3D multivoxel images. The simulation data are subject to pattern analysis and statistical parametric mapping. Results: Both MR magnitude and phase signals (images) are different from a prede‐ fined χ source due to data transformations inherent in the MRI scanning process. The 3D BOLD fMRI simulation shows the spatial distortions between the χ source and the MR image. The 4D BOLD fMRI simulation shows that the reconstructed source map is different from the original image and also that the task-correlation-based functional mapping method is susceptible to noise. Conclusion: BOLD fMRI simulation offers a means to understand the single-voxel MR magnitude and phase signals, 3D multivoxel images, and 4D functional movies for a predefined BOLD χ source with respect to various parameter settings. It also allows us to separate the intravascular/extravascular signals and numerically characterize spin diffusion effect. The 3D BOLD fMRI simulation shows the source-image mismatch, which motivates the benefits of χ source reconstruction by solving an inverse MRI problem. The 4D BOLD fMRI simulation shows the noise dependence of the taskcorrelated functional map extraction. © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of β-Hydroxysulfides of 1,3-Dioxepane Series

Synthesis of β-hydroxysulfides of 1,3-dioxepane series and their further functionalization were performed. Chiral β-hydroxysulfides were separated into enantiomers using enzymatic acylation by lipase PS. Study of antifungal activity of the obtained compounds showed that some enantiomerically pure 6-arylthio-1,3-dioxepan-5-ols represent promising antifungal drug candidates.
Restricted weak type on maximal linear and multilinear integral maps

It is shown that multilinear operators of the form T(f 1 ,., f k )(x) = f R n K(x, y1,., y k )f 1 (y 1 ). f k (y k )dy 1 . dy k of restricted weak type (1,.,1, q) are always of weak type (1,.,1,g) whenever the map x → K x is a locally integrable L 1 (R n )-valued function.
Assesing Advertising Efficiency: Does the Internet Play a Role?

This research focuses on a major concern for marketers addressing the claims of inefficiency of the spending on advertising. We examine whether the Internet can help increase overall advertising efficiency. Using a sample from the Spanish automobile industry, we combine a nonparametric method - Data Envelopment Analysis - with recent important insights from statistics and econometrics studies, and we find that online advertising improves the efficiency levels and this effect is more pronounced in the long-term temporal framework.
Obesity and Memory

1 Department of Physiology, RVS Institute of Medical Sciences, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh 2 Department of Physiology, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh Email: subhadra.kishore@gmail.com * Corresponding author Dr Subhadra Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, RVS Institute of Medical Sciences, Chittoor (A.P.) ABSTRACT Background: New research suggests that ill effects of obesity may not stop with physical health, mental health may be affected leading to long standing impact like low self esteem, depression, other psychological problems and difficulties in learning and memory. Short term memory plays important role in daily life for remembering telephone numbers, remembering directions, persons and names and short list of items. Short term memory also helps in answering questions in the viva, interviews, and doing calculations. Aim and Objectives: To find out the short term memory status by visual tasks in obese and non obese children of urban areas . Materials and methods; 80 subjects in the age group of 9 to 15 yrs were taken from the various schools in Kurnool. Among them 40 subjects are obese (as cases) and 40 subjects are non obese children (as controls) for this study. The following tests of Short term memory were conducted which are sub tests of TOMAL (Test of memory and learning) and Weschler’s intelligence scales for children. Visual tasks include the following tests; 1. Alphabetical (Letter span) test 2.Numerical (Digit span) test 3.Word memorization test 4. Object recall test. Results: Non obese children are having better overall short term memory than the obese children and also performed better in all the individual visual tasks memory tests. Conclusion: Obesity affects short term memory in children.
Conditionality and Ownership in IMF Lending: A Political Economy Approach

The relation between IMF conditionality and country ownership of assistance programs is considered from a political economy perspective, focusing on the question of why conditionality is needed if it is in a country's best interests to undertake the reform program. It is argued that heterogeneity of interests must form the basis of any discussion of conditionality and ownership. The paper stresses a conflict between a reformist government and domestic interest groups that oppose reform, leading to a distinction between government and country ownership of a program. After discussing conceptual issues, I present a model of lending and policy reform that illustrates the effects of unconditional and conditional assistance first without and then with political constraints. It is shown that conditionality can play a key role even when the IMF and authorities agree on the goals of an assistance program.
Relationship of Self-regulation, Information Technology and Life Skills with University Students' Creativity

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of selfregulation, information technology and life skills with university students’ creativity. Objective: The study population consisted of 1976 undergraduate students. The sample size was calculated at 392 subjects based on Morgan sample size table. Data were collected using random cluster technique. The study was a descriptive correlational study and data were collected using Abedi’s creativity questionnaire (1993), Carey, Neil and Collins self-regulation questionnaire (2004), a researcher-made information technology questionnaire and Saatchi, Kamkari and Askarian’s life skills questionnaire (2012). Data were analyzed by Pearson’s coefficient, multi-variate regression analysis and independent t-test. Results: The results showed a direct (positive) and significant relationship between self-regulation and students’ creativity; however, there was no significant relationship between life skills and information technology and students’ creativity. Multi-variate regression analysis showed that self-regulations is a significant predictive factor for creativity; however, life skills and information technology are not significant predictive factors for creativity. Conclusion: Therefore, self-regulation has a direct relationship with creativity and plays a significant role in nurturing creative individuals.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND LEARNING STYLES OF MANAGEMENT UNDERGRADUATES

The main objectives of this study are to identify learning style preferences and the relationship between demographic factors and learning styles among management undergraduates. The eight learning styles, that is, active, reflective, sensing, intuitive, visual, verbal, sequential, and global, as identified by Felder and Silverman (2002) were assessed to identify the learning style preferences of management undergraduates. Demographic variables, such as gender, ethnicity, entry qualification, field of study, type of institution and year of study, were tested to assess the relationships between these demographic factors and learning styles. The Index Learning Style (ILS) developed by Felder and Soloman (1991) was adapted and used as the survey instrument. Findings revealed that the dominant learning style preferences, in sequential order, are visual, sequential, reflective, sensing, global, active, intuitive, and verbal. Gender, ethnicity, entry qualifications, field of study, type of institution, and year of study were related to the learning styles of management undergraduates. Keywords: learning styles, demographic factors, effective learning, multimedia
Universal diffusion in incoherent black holes

I am funded through a Junior Research Fellowship from Churchill College, University of Cambridge. This work was supported in part by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Seventh Framework Programme (Grant No. FP7/2007-2013), ERC Grant No. STG 279943, Strongly Coupled Systems.
Suitability of high-throughput DMS-probing data for constraining the secondary structure prediction of small RNAs

The secondary structure prediction has been of special interest of computational scientists for almost a quarter of a century. When the early methods suffered from lack of data, recent high-throughput sequencing techniques extended the traditional RNA footprinting methods to provide the data for whole-transcriptome studies of RNA secondary structures. Although the utility of such data has been well documented for secondary structure of large RNAs, like rRNA or SRP RNA, our interest focuses on small RNAs, which are more challenging in employment of high-throughput probing data. Here, we test the suitability of high-throughput DMS-probing data and positions of known tRNA modifications as constraints for secondary structure predictions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNAs. Our results suggest that the employment of high-throughput DMS data only slightly increases the quality of predictions. In contrast, the incorporation of known positions of modified bases as knowledge-based constraints outperforms both, unconstrained and DMS-constrained predictions. This study provides an overview of the utility of different sources of constraints for a small RNA folding.
Preparation of Nanosized ZnO Arrays by Electrophoretic Deposition

We report a novel method for preparing uniform and aligned ZnO nanowire arrays embedded in anodic alumina membranes (AAM) by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). An integrated process combining the preparation of nanometer-sized ZnO particles and the formation of nanosized ZnO arrays by EPD within AAM was reported for the first time. The deposited nanowire arrays were characterized in terms of X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and photospectrometer. As compared with other methods for the preparation of nanowire arrays, the proposed method is simple, materials general, and efficient.
A Study on the Critical Thickness of the Inner Tube for Magnetic Pulse Welding Using FEM and BEM

Due to high efficiency and quality in welding dissimilar metals, Magnetic Pulse Welding (MPW) has attracted much attention. In this study, 3A21 aluminium alloy used as outer tube was welded to 20Fe tube by MPW. In order to investigate the critical thickness of the inner tube (20Fe) which is subjected to huge impact pressure from the outer tube (3A21), both numerical simulations and experiments were carried out. For the purpose of investigating the critical thickness of the inner tube under various impact velocities, four discharge voltages (9 kV, 11 kV, 13 kV and 14 kV) were employed in the MPW experiment. The diameters of inner tube at different locations were measured to obtain its plastic deformation at various discharge voltages. The simulations considering the coupled effects of the mechanical, thermal and electromagnetic process were performed to research the impact velocity and deformation of tubular fittings in the electromagnetic module (EM) in LS-DYNA. An inverse method was proposed to find the dynamic yield stress of inner tube, and the predicted yield stress was then employed in models with critical thickness. Both of the impact velocity and deformation were verified experimentally.
Composing Internet of Things Platforms in Smart Grid

The abundance of smart appliances and concomitant data in Internet of Things (IoT) poses new industrial challenges. Devices must be managed, and data efficiently harvested. IoT platforms are the rescue; they are key architectural components in combatting complexity and scalability issues. This paper proposes a pragmatic composition method of these platforms, hence helps solving IoT interoperability conundrums. The described approach results in a higher-level abstraction, that shields user applications from the underlying turmoil. Our article presents an approach of wrapping such a mesh under a high-level domain API. To verify the soundness of our proposal we have implemented a fully functional proof of concept implementation. The source code is freely available at request. The outcome decisively demonstrates the proposed method's feasibility, power, and usefulness.
An Efficient multi stage security model based on cross layer mechanism for identifying and preventing black hole attack in wireless ad-hoc networks

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is one of the popular and highly demanded networks functioning under wireless adhoc network. It has high demand by various emerging applications in the entire world. MANET and its necessities are increasing day by day. MANET and its various components like node, route and etc., are too dynamic regarding creating, deployment, mobility, speed, join and disconnect from the network. MANET does not require any existing infrastructure whereas it starts functions in any place at any time. Due these reasons various malicious activities are created dynamically and it degrades the performance of the network. This paper focused on detecting and identifying malicious activities one who affects the data directly. Such kind of malicious activity is blackhole attack where it destroys the data during transmission in a route. In order to detect and eliminated blackhole attack this paper focused on monitoring and investigating various functionalities of the network using a Multi Stage Security Model (MSSM). The MSSM is used for detecting and preventing blackhole attacks in MANET which involves investigating cross layer functionalities during data transmission. And it also investigates and analyzes the entire information that is available in the network. This proposed MSSM is simulated in Network Simulation-2 software and the results are verified and the performance is evaluated.