Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Note. Production of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) on lignocellulosic residues / Nota. Cultivo del hongo shiitake (Lentinus edodes) en residuos lignocelulósicos

Fungi, namely white-rot fungi, growing on lignocellulosic substrates such as wood and straw secrete a mixture of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes that depolymerize the substrate components. Biocon version of lignocellulosic agro-residues through mushroom cultivation offers the potential for con verting these residues into protein-rich palatable food, reducing the environmental impact of the wastes. The growth of four strains of the mushroom Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. in four different substrates was studied. The mushrooms were cultivated in particulate sawdust substrates enclosed in autoclavable plastic bags. This 'space bag' production of biomass offers foreshortened production cycles. The fructification phase occurred during 10 days after a spawn-run time of 90 days compared with 18 months to two years for traditional methods. Mushroom production depended on strain, varying from 12.5% to 15.0%. Biological efficiency comprised between 42.3% and 59.5%. The fruiting bodies were analyzed to determine their nutritional value. They had high contents of protein and total carbohydrates but low contents of lipids and nucleic acids. L. edodes has low fiber content com pared with other species. Cellulose degradation was similar for all the strains which had produced carpophores. Lignin degradation comprised between 40.7% and 59.10%.
Sample intensity and timing for detecting Acremonium coenophialum incidence in tall fescue pastures

Destruction of infected (E+) fescue pastures and reestablishment with endophyte free (E−) seed is beneficial for eliminating fescue toxicosis. In the first study, observed E+ incidence in two pastures increased from 15 or 30% to about 60%, respectively, during the 2-yr. Reasons for this increase are not known. The other pastures, established with 0, 45, 60 and 75% E+ seed had only small increases in E+ incidence. Significant E+ incidence could be detected in the second study at any time during the year. Six to eight samples ha −1 were adequate for characterizing A. coenophialum status. Transect and stratified random samplings gave similar E+ estimates
The multifarious and dynamic regulation of the living cell

Time-dependent Regulation Analysis is a new methodology that allows unraveling both quantitatively and dynamically how and when functional changes in the cell are brought about by the interplay of gene expression and metabolism. In this first experimental implementation we dissect the initial and late response of baker’s yeast upon a switch from glucose-limited growth to nitrogen starvation. During nitrogen starvation, unspecific bulk degradation of cytosolic proteins and small organelles (autophagy) occurs. If this is the primary cause of loss of glycolytic capacity, one should expect the cells to regulate their glycolytic capacity through decreasing simultaneously and proportionally the capacities of the enzymes in the first hours of nitrogen starvation. This then should lead to a regulation of the flux, which is initially dominated by changes in the enzyme capacity. However, metabolic regulation is also known to act fast. To analyze the interplay between autophagy and metabolism, we have examined the first four hours of nitrogen starvation in detail by time-dependent Regulation Analysis. Some enzymes were regulated initially more by a breakdown of enzyme capacity and only later through metabolic regulation. However, other enzymes were regulated metabolically in the first hours and then shifted towards regulation via enzyme capacity. We conclude that even initial regulation is subtle and governed by different molecular levels. This chapter has been published previously: K. van Eunen, J. Bouwman, A. Lindenbergh, H.V. Westerhoff and B.M. Bakker (2009). Febs J 276, 5521-5536.
Micronucleus Test of Polycan™, β-Glucan Originated from Aureobasidium, in Bone Marrow Cells of Male ICR Mice

In this research the genotoxic effect of Polycan™ β-glucans originated from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001, was evaluated using the mouse micronucleus test. Polycan™ was administered once a day for 2 days by oral gavage to male ICR mice at doses of 1000, 500 and 250 mg/kg. Cyclophosphamide was used as a known genotoxic agent in a positive control group. The appearance of a micronucleus is used as an index for genotoxic potential. The results obtained indicated that Polycan™ shows no genotoxicity effect up to 1000 mg/kg dosing levels. In addition, it is also considered that there were no problems from cytotoxicity of Polycan™ tested in this study because the polychromatic erythrocyte ratio was detected as > 0.47 in all tested groups.
Cryptococcus neoformans en el contenido gástrico de un paciente con SIDA

Cryptococcus neoformans in the gastric contents of an AIDS patient. The microscopic observation and isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from the gastric contents of an AIDS patient, obtained by aspiration with a nasogastric catheter and parasitologically studied, is communicated. Because of the limited number of round yeasts visualized by wet mount of the sample concentrate, India ink was added: the typical capsules of C. neoformans were then observed. Dark brown colonies of C. neoformans were isolated from the clinical sample cultured on sunflower-seed-extract agar, incubated at 37 °C for 7 days. Bloodcultures for fungi were negative; it was impossible to obtain CSF due to the patient's refusal, then the capsular polysaccharide antigen of C. neoformans in blood was determined and proved positive to the 1:100 dilution. The patient, who had supposedly been suffering from Cryptosporidium sp. diarrhea, after the finding of C. neoformans in the gastric sample and the positive result of the antigenemia for this fungus, was treated with oral fluconazol, (800 mg/day), because he did not accept intravenous treatment. This communication emphasizes the finding of C. neoformans in a clinical sample where its presence is infrequent and its usefulness for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis is significant.
Long‐term changes in phytoplankton, zooplankton and salmon related to climate

Recently, large-scale changes in the biogeography of calanoid copepod crustaceans have been detected in the northeastern North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. Strong biogeographical shifts in all copepod assemblages were found with a northward extension of more than ° in latitude of warm-water species associated with a decrease in the number of colder-water species. These changes were attributed to regional increase in sea surface temperature. Here, we have extended these studies to examine long-term changes in phytoplankton, zooplankton and salmon in relation to hydro-meteorological forcing in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. We found highly significant relationships between (1) long-term changes in all three trophic levels, (2) sea surface temperature in the northeastern Atlantic, (3) Northern Hemisphere temperature and (4) the North Atlantic Oscillation. The similarities detected between plankton, salmon, temperature and hydro-climatic parameters are also seen in their cyclical variability and in a stepwise shift that started after a pronounced increase in Northern Hemisphere Temperature anomalies at the end of the 1970s. All biological variables show a pronounced change which started after circa 1982 for euphausiids (decline), 1984 for the total abundance of small copepods (increase), 1986 for phytoplankton biomass (increase) and Calanus finmarchicus (decrease) and 1988 for salmon (decrease). This cascade of biological events led to an exceptional period, which is identified after 1986 to present and followed another shift in large-scale hydro-climatic variables and sea surface temperature. This regional temperature increase therefore appears to be an important parameter that is at present governing the dynamic equilibrium of northeast Atlantic pelagic ecosystems with possible consequences for biogeochemical processes and fisheries.
INFLUENCE OF AN OPTIMIZED 3D-REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT ON THE STRUCTURAL MECHANICS OF CO-BONDED CFRP JOINTS

Primary aircraft structures benefit from the weight savings potential of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) which is strongly determined by the applied structural joint design. Through-thickness reinforcements address the issue of an efficient load transfer between adherents and an improved joint damage tolerance. The innovative technology in the present work encompasses a cost and time efficient manufacturing along with a beneficial contribution to mechanical joint properties. The impact of an advanced reinforcement design on structural mechanics is investigated through quasi static single-lap shear (SLS) tests. A correlation between an extended set of design parameters and load bearing capability, strain to failure and joint stiffness is discussed. Recommendations are given for the significant improvement of each of these properties and for dealing with the arising trade-off.
Fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A induced biochemical changes in young male New Zealand White rabbits

The present study was designed to study the serum biochemical changes induced by Fumonisin B1 @ 10 ppm and ochratoxin A @ 2 ppm in feed, alone and in combination in male rabbits. A significant decrease in total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose levels and an increase in serum ALP, ALT, AST and LDH levels were recorded in both individual and combination groups. In combination group the effect of these two toxins was additive.
Are gross margins of structured products priced in a market-consistent way? Evidence from the new issuer estimated value

In May 2014, as part of an industry-wide transparency initiative, the issuing institutions of retail structured products in Germany established the so-called issuer estimated value (IEV), a fair value for each product which is targeted to reflect the market price among professional traders. By reporting the IEV in the product information sheet, issuers implicitly make a statement on their gross margin which contains the bank’s profits but also distribution and selling costs. The present paper provides a first empirical analysis on the adequacy of the reported IEVs and the corresponding gross margins. Restricting ourselves to two of the main product subclasses, discounter and capped bonus certificates on the DAX index, we can verify the disclosed gross margins using the popular stochastic volatility model of Heston, the Practitioner Black-Scholes model and the Nadaraya-Watson approach. Furthermore, we find that even though the gross margins have become transparent to investors, there is still a notable heterogeneity across the issuing banks. AUTHORS INFO Institute for Finance and Banking, Ludwig-MaximiliansUniversität München, Ludwigstrasse 28, 80539 Munich, Germany Center for Quantitative Risk Analysis, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Akademiestrasse 1/I, 80799 Munich, Germany janis.bauer@bwl.uni-muenchen.de, +49(0)89-2180-2757 holger.fink@stat.uni-muenchen.de, +49(0)89-2180-3224 eva.stoller@posteo.de, +49(0)89-2180-3224
Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in indigenous fishes found in Vashi Creek and an insight on socioeconomic status of local fishermen

Fish constitutes an important and cheap source of animal protein to human beings and a large number of people depend on fish and fishing activities for their livelihood. Increasing human influences through heavy metal pollution have however, led to the depletion of our fish resources and substantial reduction in the nutritive values. The danger of these heavy metals is their persistent nature as they remain in the biota for long period of time when they are released into the environment. As a result of the heavy metal pollution several endemic fish species have become threatened. Realizing this, assessment of heavy metals in the tissues of fish species is increasingly gaining ground throughout the world. Considering the above facts the current research was carried out at Vashi Creek. The creek is highly polluted and thus the fishes from this creek were selected which includes Harpadon nehereus, Mugil spp, Terapon theraps, Mystus gulio, Macrobrachium idae, Clupeidae and Tilapia mossambica. The fish muscle were tested for their nutritive value and presence of several metals like Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Ni and Fe.
A Molecular Approach to Mushroom Hunting

EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGYGenerally considered to date back 450 million years, land plants may actually have been around 300 million years earlier, researchers say. Moreover, fungi and green algae could have evolved as much as 1 billion years ago, they report on page [1129][1]. [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/293/5532/1129
Eurasian origin, boreotropical migration and transoceanic dispersal in the pantropical fern genus Diplazium (Athyriaceae)

Gondwanan vicariance, boreotropical migration and long‐distance dispersal have been posited as alternative hypotheses explaining the tropical distribution patterns and diversifications in many fern groups. Here, the historical biogeography of Diplazium is reconstructed to evaluate the impact of these biogeographical processes in shaping the modern tropical disjunctions.
Oviposition Stimulant of Papilio xuthus, a Citrus-feeding Swallowtail Butterfly

Methanol extracts of fresh leaves of Citrus plants induce oviposition behavior by females of the Cyrils-feeding swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus L. One of the oviposition stimulants was isolated from an extract of Citrus unshiu Marc, and identified as 6, 8-di-C-β-D-glucopyranosylapigenin. The compound was inactive alone, but elicited oviposition behavior when mixed with another component which has not yet been identified.
Translocação de Lactobacillus acidophilus em ratos alimentados com dieta rica em colesterol e ácido cólico suplementada com probiótico

Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a strain present in several probiotic products. Despite its wide use, there is little information on its translocation to the host's organs. This work was devised to verify the Lactobacillus spp. translocation in rats feeding cholesterol rich diet because this product has been indicated as dietary adjunct for individuals hipercholesterolemic. One hundred and thirty weaned Wistar rats, divided in 4 groups and caged individually were used. The experimental groups were: Standard; Control; LDR and P. The Standard group received the AIN-93G diet during the whole experimental period (42 days). The other groups received the AIN-93G diet added of 1% of cholesterol and 0,1% of cholic acid. During 14 days, the LDR group received the supplement of 0,1mL/day/animal of reconstituted skimmed milk at 10% of non fat solids and, the group P received 0,1mL/day/animal of a probiotic in the form of a concentrate of cells contends 1010 UFC/mL of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Translocation was observed in spleen, heart, liver and kidneys of group P, but not in the others. The average translocation were UFC/orgao: spleen (8,6 x 102); liver (4,8 x 102); heart (4,7 x 102) and kidney (1,3 x 102). The translocated cell numbers, beside being low, were constantly eliminated during the evaluation period. Since the implication of microbial translocation in the host is not known, the translocation capacity and the rats of clearing are suggested to be important parameters for the selection of strains to be used as probiotics.
Size and Age at Sexual Maturity of Female Rana Porosa Porosa in Valley Bottoms in Machida City, Tokyo, Japan

Abstract: The body size and age at maturity of female Rana porosa porosa were investigated in two valley bottoms in Tama Hills, Japan. Frogs collected during the breeding season, not showing the male secondary sexual characteristics, were subjected to injection of HCG and were kept with mature males. Individuals that did not ovulate after the dosage were dissected to determine sexes and maturity status on the basis of gonadal morphology. The snout-vent length (SVL) of the smallest mature female was 58.3 mm. The clutch size ranged from 1465 to 2726, and showed a significant positive correlation with SVL. The one-year-old age group of females included both mature and immature individuals, whereas two- and three-year-old females were invariably mature.
sAPROPOS – Analyses of PROjections of POpulationS

1. To produce several high-impact factor publications based on a anovel integration of methodologies to project species viability in the future (detailed below) 2. A freeware applications for teaching and general public dissemination purposes 3. A scientific symposium 4. An associated special feature on demographic viability and climate change 5. A general public session to raise awareness on the challenges for biodiversity and ways in which species may cope with them.
Ammonia compensation points in two cultivars of Hordeum vulgare L. during vegetative and generative growth

The NH 3 , compensation point (χ NH3 ) in Hordeum vulgare cvs Golf and Laevigatum was determined at different growth stages under controlled environmental conditions. The plants were grown to maturity in hydroponics under N limitation. When plants were exposed to NH 3 at realistic ambient levels ranging from 0 to 25 nmol NH 3 mol -1 air at an air temperature of 20 °C, a significant (P <0.001) linear correlation between the NH 3 flux and the atmospheric NH 3 mole fraction was observed, showing a constant conductivity to NH 3 exchange irrespective of the NH 3 level. For hoth cultivars a marked decrease in χ NH3 was observed in the period from tillering to anthesis. In cv. Golf, χ NH3 decreased from 6.4 ± 1.1 to 3.0 ± 0.4 nmol NH 3 mol -1 air, while χ NH3 in cv. Laevigatum dropped from 4.2 ± 0.3 nmol NH 3 mol -1 air to below the detection limit (< 0.9 nmol NH 3 mol -1 air). The NH 3 compensation points increased again during senescence, peaking at 5.3 ± 0.8 nmol NH 3 mol -1 air for cv. Laevigatum, The modern and high-yielding cv. Golf had significantly higher (P < 0.01) NH 3 compensation points than the old and primitive cv. Laevigatum. Golf also had higher shoot NH 4 + and total nitrogen concentrations than Laevigatum. During generative growth the ratio between NH 3 and water vapour conductivities increased 10-fold, suggesting a shortening of the diffusive path length for NH 3 compared to H 2 O during leaf senescence.
Seasonal variation of Perkinsus marinus in the American oyster Crassostrea virginica from the Carmen-Machona-Pajonal lagoon system in Tabasco, Mexico.

En el Golfo de Mexico la pesqueria del ostion Crassostrea virginica es el principal recurso por su volumen de captura anual. Sin embargo, se ve afectada por el parasito Perkinsus marinus que causa la enfermedad del Dermo. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y grado de infeccion de P. marinus en C. virginica en Tabasco, Mexico, durante las estaciones de lluvias, nortes y secas. Se analizaron muestras de ostiones de seis bancos del sistema lagunar Carmen-Machona-Pajonal, Tabasco. Tejidos de ostiones infectados se incubaron en medio fluido de tioglicolato, resultando hipnosporas de color azul-negro despues de la incubacion. El analisis histopatologico de las muestras evidencio alteraciones de tejidos y presencia de formas parasitarias caracteristicas de infeccion por P. marinus, tales como tomontes y trofozoitos. La identidad del parasito fue confirmada por PCR basado en muestras de ADN de los ostiones. La prevalencia de P. marinus en las estaciones de lluvias, nortes y secas fue 73.3, 90 y 100%, respectivamente, y el grado de infeccion fue 2, 3 y 5 en escala de Mackin, respectivamente. Existio relacion de la prevalencia y del grado de infeccion con respecto al aumento de la temperatura y la salinidad, siendo la estacion de secas la mas critica.
PRODUCTION RESULTS OF RABBITS FED DIETS CONTAINING NO COCCIDIOSTATICS DURING THE FATTENING PERIOD

The objective of this study was to determine whether meat-type rabbits can be fed a diet without coccidiostatics during the fattening period. The effect of feeding two pelleted diets was compared during the experiment. The control diet was supplemented with the coccidiostatic drug robenidine, while the experimental diet contained no coccidiostatics. Over the experimental period the animals were weighed at 35, 56, 70, 77 and 90 days of age. Feces samples were taken for parasitological analysis and assayed for the presence of coccidia. Mortality rates were determined at particular stages of the experiment. It was found that a diet without the coccidiostatic drug had no statistically significant effect on the final body weights of rabbits. It was also demonstrated that coccidian infection rates and mortality rates were slightly higher in the experimental group.
Random walks in bacterial motility

Like higher organisms, bacteria also perform directed movement through various mechanisms. Different bacterial species exploit different physical principles to move through aqueous environments and on surfaces. At the scale of microorganisms, i.e. micrometers, Brownian motion leads to continuous agitation of free-swimming bacteria. In this experiment, you will address the question, how efficiently can bacteria explore their environment when their movement is exclusively driven by diffusion. Then making use of cellular appendages known as flagella, which can propel bacteria forward, you will use microscopy techniques and particle-tracking algorithms to explore how dramatically the space over which a bacterium travels expands by active movement.
Intradermal delivery of plasmids encoding angiogenic growth factors by electroporation promotes wound healing and neovascularization

xi GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Neovascularization 1 VEGF regulation neovascularization 3 FGF regulation of neovascularization 4 Methods of therapeutic gene delivery 6 In vivo electroporation for gene delivery 9 Wound healing 11 Skin flaps 14 Therapeutic angiogenesis to promote wound healing 16 Peripheral artery disease 17 ii Preclinical models of limb ischemia 19 Therapeutic angiogenesis for the treatment of limb ischemia 21 CENTRAL HYPOTHESIS 24 INTRADERMAL DELIVERY OF PLASMID VEGF165 BY ELECTROPORATION PROMOTES WOUND HEALING 25 Introduction 25 Results 26 In vitro plasmid VEGF expression 26 VEGF expression kinetics in the gastrocnemius muscle 27 VEGF expression kinetics in the random skin flap 28 Delivery of plasmid VEGF with electroporation increases eNOS expression 31 Effect of plasmid VEGF with electroporation on distal skin flap blood flow 32 Plasmid VEGF with electroporation promotes distal skin flap healing . 34 Discussion 39
General Anesthesia Maintained with Sevoflurane versus Propofol in Pediatric Surgery Shorter Than 1 Hour: A Randomized Single-Blind Study

Background Sevoflurane was compared with propofol for general anesthesia maintenance in pediatric operations lasting less than 1 hour in terms of anesthetic effect and postoperative recovery. Material/Methods Children scheduled for inguinal hernia repair or hydrocele testis repair were randomly assigned to receive general anesthesia maintained with either sevoflurane (n=43) or propofol (n=43). The ilioinguinal nerve was blocked with 1% lidocaine (7 mg/kg) after intravenous administration of ketamine (2 mg/kg). At the end of the surgery in patients receiving sevoflurane, sevoflurane was stopped and a bolus of propofol of 1 mg/kg was administered. Results Sevoflurane was associated with significantly less use of ketamine (35.1±10.6 mg) than was propofol (59.0±28.0 mg; P<0.001). In addition, sevoflurane was associated with a significantly shorter time in the post-anesthesia care unit (52.1±9.0 min) than was propofol (68.8±15.3 min; P<0.001). Propofol was associated with a significantly higher incidence of intraoperative body movement (33.3%) than was sevoflurane (13.5%; P=0.045). However, the 2 groups showed no important differences in other adverse events such as hypoxia, emergence agitation, and additional use of propofol. Conclusions In pediatric surgery lasting less than 1 hour, anesthesia maintained with sevoflurane was associated with significantly less use of ketamine, shorter postoperative recovery time, and less intraoperative body movement than was propofol.