Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Air Quality at Sonamarg - A Tourist Hill Station in Kashmir Valley, India

The present study was undertaken to determine the ambient air quality with respect to suspended particulate matter (TSPM), respirable suspended particulate matter (PM 10 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) at Sonamarg- a tourist hill station in Kashmir valley. The ambient air quality at three different station namely Sonamarg town, Thajwas and Baltal was monitored from July to December in 2009. All the pollutants were measured with a sampling duration of 1 hour. The results showed high concentration of pollutants in summer months which correspond with peak tourist activity. The highest concentration of pollutants was recorded at Baltal site, while least values were observed at Thajwas site. TSPM and PM 10 are chief air pollutants in the area, however, the values of NO 2 and SO 2 were well within the limits as set by EPA at all the sites. It can be concluded that tourist inflow, vehicular density, roadside dust, and burning of coal and fuelwood on a large scale are the main sources of air pollutants in this area.
Business games: algorithms for market data generation

This paper implements an algorithm for calculating the market share for some firms that act within a business game. The first part of the paper makes a short introduction to business games. The second part of the paper describes the strategy needed for developing a business game, whereas the third part describes some of the models implemented in a business game with emphasis on the algorithm used for calculating the market share for the firms competing on the same market.
DETRIMENTAL PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF MEDIA ON CHILDREN 6 PSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS OF MEDIA USE ONCHILDREN

By Brett Douglas O'Connor, RN Washington State University August 2011 Chair: Dr. Mel Haberman Television, computers, and video games are among the most widely used media activities, which engage children and adolescents for increasing amounts of time. There is a sharp increase in both the time spent and the numbers of children who use media over the past 10 years. Parents, educators, and health care providers must understand the effects that media has on childhood development and learn ways to moderate negative effects and maximize positive effects. This literature review seeks to identify the physical and psychosocial effects that media has on children and the variables of media use, which are important Variables that effect media use by children, such as age, gender, time, and content of media, are teased out of the literature to identify those that to lead to health consequences. The three theoretical frameworks chosen for the paper are Social Learning Theory (SLT), Message Interpretation Process Model (MIP), and Displacement Theory (DT). The article offers recommendations to parents and health care
A BRITE view on the massive O-type supergiant V973 Scorpii: hints towards internal gravity waves or sub-surface convection zones

Stochastically-triggered photospheric light variations reaching $\sim$$40$ mmag peak-to-valley amplitudes have been detected in the O8Iaf supergiant V973 Scorpii as the outcome of two months of high-precision time-resolved photometric observations with the BRIght Target Explorer (BRITE) nanosatellites. The amplitude spectrum of the time series photometry exhibits a pronounced broad bump in the low-frequency regime ($\lesssim$$0.9$ d$^{-1}$) where several prominent frequencies are detected. A time-frequency analysis of the observations reveals typical mode lifetimes of the order of $5-10$ days. The overall features of the observed brightness amplitude spectrum of V973 Sco match well with those extrapolated from two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of convectively-driven internal gravity waves randomly excited from deep in the convective cores of massive stars. An alternative or additional possible source of excitation from a subsurface convection zone needs to be explored in future theoretical investigations.
Toward a Prototypical Model of Culture for Bible Translation

Bible translation is inherently a communication event originating in a historical language and culture. Recipients of translated Scriptures interpret this historical text through their language and cultural grid. They have cultural practices, material culture, beliefs, values, a worldview, image schemas, etc., that can assist or compromise their ability to properly understand the Bible. This work addresses the challenge to translators and translation consultants to more readily identify translation issues that are rooted in the target culture such that they may be further researched and treated as appropriate in the translation and helps. A prototypical model of culture is proposed to support these deliberations, which is comprised of a stratified network of observable cultural systems, beliefs, values, and deep structural components of worldview and image schemas. The cultural model is productively applied to a survey of translation issues rooted in the target cultures of several language teams in eastern Africa, and to three, in-depth analyses from Zinza and Digo Scriptures. The results suggest that Zinza prefer LINK and PATH image schemas over IN/OUT and FULL/EMPTY CONTAINER image schemas in metaphorical extensions such as “in Christ. ” In addition, the Digo people’s limited knowledge of biblical construction practices, and the strong impact of the Lake Victoria ecosystem on Zinza culture, present translation challenges to the Digo New Testament and Zinza Genesis, respectively.
A GIS-based Geometric Method for Solving the Competitive Location Problem in Discrete Space

A competitive location problem in discrete space is computationally difficult to solve in general because of its combinatorial feature. In this paper, we address an alternative method for solving competitive location problems in discrete space, particularly employing deterministic allocation. The key point of the suggested method is to reducing the number of predefined potential facility sites associated with the size of problem by utilizing geometric concepts. The suggested method was applied to the existing broadband marketplace with increasing competition as an application. Specifically, we compared computational results and spatial configurations of two different sized problems: the problem with the original potential sites over the study area and the problem with the reduced potential sites extracted by a GIS-based geometric algorithm. The results show that the competitive location model with the reduced potential sites can be solved more efficiently, while both problems presented the same optimal locations maximizing customer capture.
Behavioral biases and representative agent

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Behavioral biases and representative agent Elyès Jouini, Clotilde Napp
Evaluation of Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Fed Piophila casei Maggot Meal (Magmeal) Diets

A relatively new approach is the use of insects as a source of animal protein in fish nutrition. Houseflies larvae utilise decaying organic waste to produce animal protein and the larvae can be used to produce a meal (magmeal). Interestingly study of the use of magmeal as substitute for fish meal in fish diets have increased in recent times. In the present work, a feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) as a protein source for Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus niloticus ). The results of the present study revealed that all the experimental diets were accepted by O. niloticus niloticus. This implies that the different experimental feed ingredients did not affect the palatability of the diets. The good overall growth performances and no mortality obtained in both experimental group of this study confirm the suitability of chosen nutritional composition for tilapia. FCR values below 1 have been reported here, indicating the most efficient utilisation of food by Oreochromis niloticus niloticus . The fish fed on maggot diet exhibited a higher K value compared to those fed on commercial diet. The results suggested that dietary maggot meal promoted the growth of Nile tilapia and enhanced nutrient utilization which is reflected in improved length gain, weight gain, FCR, and SGR. Progressive increment in length gain, weight gain and SGR were observed in maggot meal based diet, recording better growth than commercial based diet, concluding that maggot diet has the best performance. Based on the result obtained from the experiment, it is hereby recommended that 100% maggot meal can be included in the diet of O. niloticus nilotcus to reduce cost and maximize profit.
Price and Volume Reactions to Cash Dividend Announcements: Evidence from Taiwan

Are stock market investors concerned with obtaining abnormal returns by acquiring certain information? This paper studied the effect of ex-dividend date for cash-dividend policy. We try to demonstrate the existence of abnormal returns by examining stock trading situations before and after the ex-dividend date. We find that abnormal returns exist for listed Taiwan firms before and after the ex-dividend date. If an investor buys the stock of a firm who adopts a cash-dividend payout at the closing price 11 days before the ex-dividend date, and sells them at the closing price 10 days after the ex-dividend date, the investor will obtain an average 2.13% abnormal return, regardless of the transaction cost. This paper further analyzes whether firms adopting cash-dividend payouts have different abnormal returns on stock price performance depending on different variables. Yilmaz and Gulayâ€™s (2006) method of analyzing abnormal returns of stock prices was adopted. Further studies were undertaken of the three dimensions of cash-dividend payout ratio, stock trading turnover rate, and the firm size.
ON A FINITE HORIZON STARTING AND STOPPING PROBLEM WITH RISK OF ABANDONMENT

We address the issue of finding a strategy to sustain structural profitability of an investment project, whose production activity depends on the market price of a number of underlying commodities. Depending on the fluctuating prices of these commodities, the activity will either continue until the project's profitability reaches a critical low level at which it is stopped and starts again when it becomes profitable. But, if the structural nonprofitability remains for a while, the investment project will face the risk to be abandoned or be definitely closed. We suggest a general probabilistic set up to model profitability as a function of the market price of a set of commodities, and find the related optimal strategy to sustain it, under the constraint that the project faces the abandonment risk when being nonprofitable under a fixed finite time interval. When the market price dynamics is described by a diffusion process, we show that the optimal strategy is related to viscosity solutions of a system of two variational inequalities with inter-connected obstacles.
Postgraduate students as OER capacitators

A comprehensive theoretical, legal and practical basis for OER has been developed over the past fifteen years, supported by the expansion of open source curation platforms and the work of advocacy groups and international bodies. OER’s potential has been sufficiently documented; the question remains how best to support, integrate and normalise OER activity within the academic community in a sustainable fashion. This paper draws on the experiences of the Vice Chancellor’s Open Educational Resources Adaptation project in the University of Cape Town, which explored whether postgraduate students, with their blend of developing subject knowledge, greater time resources, and experience of teaching artefacts from both a learner’s and educator’s perspective, may be a valuable resource for lecturers or institutions eager to engage in OER but lacking the requisite support structures. It was found that postgraduates were best employed as capacitating agents, focusing on the non-pedagogical elements of OER adaptation.
The Context of Knowledge and Data Discovery in Highly Dense Data Points Using Heuristic Approach

In data mining framework, for proficient data examination recent researchers utilized branch-and-bound methods such as seriation, clustering, and feature selection. Conventional cluster search was completed with diverse partitioning schemes to optimize the cluster pattern. Considering image data, partitioning approaches seems to be computationally complex due to large data size, and uncertainty of number of clusters. Recent work presented a new version of branch and bound model called model selection problem, handles the clustering issues more efficiently. The existing work deployed spatially coherent sampling for generating cluster parameter candidates. But if the problem-specific bounds and/or added heuristics in the data points of the domain area get surmounted, memory overheads, specific model selection, and uncertain data points cause various clustering abnormalities. To overcome the above mentioned issues, we plan to present an Optimal Model-Selection Clustering for image data point analysis in the context of knowledge and data discovery in highly dense data points with more uncertainty. In this work, we are going to analyze the model selection clustering which is first initiated through the process of heuristic training sequences on image data points and appropriates the problem-specific characteristics. Heuristic training sequences will generate and test a set of models to determine whether the model is matched with the characteristics of the problem or not. Through the process of heuristic training sequences, we efficiently perform the model selection criteria. An experimental evaluation is conducted on the proposed model selection clustering for image data point using heuristic approach (MSCHA) with real and synthetic data sets extracted from research repositories (UCI) and performance of the proposed MSCHA is measured in terms of Data point density, Model-Selection Criteria, Cluster validity.
An Empirical Study of the Factors Influencing Consumer Behaviour in the Electric Appliances Market

This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the impact of different factors on consumer buying behaviour. It analyses the relationship between several independent variables, such as cultural, social, personal, psychological and marketing mix factors, and consumer behaviour (as the dependent variable) in the electric appliances market. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting consumer preferences and behav iour in the electric appliances market in Iraq. The data employed to analyse the factors influencing consumers’ purchase decision-making processes were obtained through a questionnaire that was conducted in December 2011 in Basra, a city in southern Iraq. The major findings of the study indicated that, overall, the set of independent variables are weakly associated with the dependent variable. However, the in-depth analysis found that social factors, physical factors, and marketing mix elements are strongly associated with consumer buying behaviour. These analyses make it possible to discover consumer decision-making rules. The results may assist producers and retailers in understanding consumer behaviour and improving consumer satisfaction.
Evergreen shrubs dominate responses to experimental summer warming and fertilization in Canadian mesic low arctic tundra

Climate change in arctic tundra is projected to increase soil fertility, which may alter plant community composition and ecosystem processes by shifting niche space to favour particular species' life‐history strategies. The rate and magnitude of change in soil fertility may be critical to determining plant community responses, and so effects of slow increases in nutrient availability due to climate warming may differ substantially from those of chronic high‐level fertilizer additions. We investigated above‐ and below‐ground plant biomass responses to experimental summer warming and above‐ground responses to nutrient additions (low‐level N and factorial N and P) in a mesic birch hummock tundra community in the central Canadian Low Arctic after eight years of experimental treatment. Plant community biomass responses to experimental warming were fundamentally different from those of high‐level N and/or P additions, mainly due to opposing effects on the evergreen shrubs. Evergreen shrub above‐ground biomass increased 66% with greenhouse warming, but decreased on average 70% with high‐level N and/or P additions, driven by the strong responses of Rhododendron subarcticum. Because of this evergreen response, greenhouse‐warming increased total above‐ground biomass by 32% and total below‐ground biomass by 70%, but did not significantly change the total above‐ground/below‐ground biomass ratio. However, warming increased the shoot/root ratio of Betula glandulosa threefold. Increased soil fertility created interactions between N and P availability, whereby increased P availability led to a substantial increase in inorganic N availability. Meanwhile, the growth of several species that span a range of different functional groups was stimulated by the separate N and P additions. These factorial fertilization results highlight the importance of understanding climate warming impacts on availability of both of these nutrients in order to predict plant community responses. Synthesis. Our results strongly suggest that the trajectory of mesic tundra vegetation change with warming depends critically on the rate of increase in soil fertility. The relatively large greenhouse‐induced biomass increase in evergreen compared to deciduous shrubs suggests that carbon balance and albedo feedbacks to warming will be restricted in mesic tundra ecosystems, at least in their early responses to climate change.
The role of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

Wśrod chorob nowotworowych przyczyną najwiekszej liczby zgonow jest rak pluca. Wyniki leczenia zaawansowanego raka pluca są zle. Inhibitory kinazy tyrozynowej receptora naskorkowego czynnika wzrostu (EGFR), gefitynib i erlotynib, stwarzają nową mozliwośc leczenia chorych na zaawansowanego niedrobnokomorkowego raka pluca. W badaniach klinicznych II fazy zaobserwowano obiecujące odsetki odpowiedzi oraz zmniejszenie dolegliwości związanych z nowotworem po zastosowaniu obydwu preparatow w drugiej lub trzeciej linii leczenia. Z kolei spośrod sześciu badan z losowym doborem chorych, tylko w jednym wykazano wydluzenie czasu przezycia pod wplywem tych lekow. Z pewnością tak niewielki efekt inhibitorow kinazy tyrozynowej byl spowodowany brakiem wlaściwych kryteriow doboru chorych. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badan molekularnych i klinicznych wskazują bowiem, ze korzyśc z leczenia tymi preparatami odnoszą przede wszystkim chorzy z mutacją w obrebie domeny kodującej kinaze tyrozynową EGFR w komorkach nowotworu. Mutacje te wystepują u okolo 10% chorych z niedrobnokomorkowym rakiem pluc, cześciej u kobiet, przedstawicieli rasy zoltej, u osob, ktore nigdy nie palily tytoniu oraz w rakach gruczolowych, w tym oskrzelikowo-pecherzykowych. Obecnie prowadzone badania zmierzają w kierunku określenia optymalnych warunkow stosowania inhibitorow kinazy tyrozynowej u chorych z niedrobnokomorkowym rakiem pluca.
Effects if Fertilizer Subsidies in Zambia: A Literature Review

Fertilizer subsidies are again part of the policy agenda in Sub-Saharan Africa since the 1990s. Governments spend large shares of their agricultural budgets and their means to fight poverty on such programmes, but economists formulated doubts whether these investments will pay off. This paper reviews the existing literature on effects of fertilizer subsidies in Zambia, presents an analytical framework on input subsidies and compares the empirical evidence to the goals of the fertilizer subsidy. Major findings are that the subsidy programme has failed to substantially reduce poverty and to improve food security via decreased maize prices. Farm incomes have increased moderately, but the overall costs exceed the benefits by far. Reasons for this are identified as poor targeting, diversion and leakage. The paper concludes with a review of policy recommendations, mainly focused on improved targeting and diversification away from pure fertilizer subsidies.
A Metrics-based Framework for Measuring the Reusability of Object-Oriented Software Components

The critical role played by software in socioeconomic advancement, has seen a rapid demand for software; creating a large backlog in affordable and quality software that needs to be written. Although software reuse is capable of addressing this issue, effective reuse is seldom to come by, thus the issue still remains unresolved. In order to achieve effective reuse, practitioners need to focus on reusability: the property that makes software reusable. Although Object Oriented Software Development (OOSD) approach is capable of improving software reusability, a way of ascertaining if the required degree of reusability is being achieved during the OOSD process is required. This can be achieved through measurement. The task involved in measuring reusability of Object oriented (OO) software is to; determine major reusability attributes of reusable components, relate these characteristics with factors that influence them, link each factor with measurable OO design features that determines them, relate each feature with appropriate metrics, and find out how these metrics collectively determine the reusability of components. A novel framework for achieving this task is proposed in this paper. Keywords: Software reuse, Software Reusability, Software Metrics, Software Component
Effect of planting media and IBA concentration on rotting ability of stem cutting of Ligustrum ovalifolium.

This study was carried out in the Agricultural College/ Salahalden University during the period between 1st March, 2010 to 1st August, 2010, to investigate the effect of planting media (sand, sand: loamy soil, and mixture of sand: loamy soil: peat moss) 1:1:1 by volume, and IBA concentrations (0, 1000, 2000, 3000) mg.l -1 on rooting ability of stem cuttings of Ligustrum ovalifolium . The results show that the mixture of sand, loamy soil, peat moss is significantly superior than other media and give the highest values of roots number 7.45 root/plant, roots dry weight 0.33 g/plant, shoots number 3.92 shoot/plant, leave number 11.00 leaf/plant, and vegetative dry weight 3.76 g/plant while the best rooting percentage 64.63% is obtained in cutting which are planted in peat moss and the longest root is for cutting which are planted in sand media. The 2000 and 3000 mg.l -1 IBA causes significantly increase in rooting percentage 68.92, 68.42%, longest root 3.41, 3.36 cm, roots dry weight 0.31, 0.31 g, leave number 9.67, 9.56 leaf/plant when comported with the other concentration. In the other hand the 3000 mg.l -1 is significantly superior in roots number 5.91 root/plant, shoots number 3.92 shoot/plant, and vegetative dry weight 2.82 g/plant. The interaction between planting media and IBA concentrations case significantly variance in all rooting and shooting parameters and the highest values are for cutting treated with 2000, 3000 mg.l-1 and planted in deferent media.