Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Too bustling to cook?: Management of food provision in German family households with employed mothers

Employed mothers in Germany still struggle to balance family and career due to an insufficient provision of care facilities with nutritional care services for infants and school-aged children. Our study focuses on the different concepts mothers apply to manage everyday life food routines. A mixed method approach of quantitative and qualitative data was used to investigate the conditions and barriers as well as the perception of the mothers with regard to juggling employment and food preparation. Evaluating the last representative German Time Budget Survey 2001/2002 (cross-sectional study of 5,400 households provided by the German Federal Statistical Office) within a quantitative secondary analysis of 2,007 mothers the results show that amongst all housekeeping activities most of the time is spent on meal preparation. The qualitative study is based on 48 open interviews with employed mothers. A typology of food provision types reflects the complex strategies and value systems of mothers used to accomplish daily food provision. The results highlight how educational institutions and child care facilities can provide a family-friendly arrangement of offering meals away from home, and support the mother's demand for a healthy diet for herself and her children.
DIFFERENTIAL BIOACTIVITY OF CONOPHTHORIN ON FOUR SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Abstract The angiosperm bark volatile, conophthorin, was tested at release rates of 3.0 and 0.3 mg/24 h against the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), the pine engraver, Ips pint (Say), and the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine (all Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The responses of D. pseudotsugae, I. pini, and (in one of two experiments) female D. confusus to attractant-baited traps were disrupted by conophthorin in a dose-dependent manner. Dendroctonus rufipennis was not disrupted by conophthorin. Our results extend the repellent bioactivity of conophthorin to Ips DeGeer spp. and confirm earlier experiments with D. pseudotsugae. Conophthorin may have some utility in protecting susceptible timber from bark beetle attack. Résumé La conophtorine, une substance volatile de l’écorce des angiospermes, a été testée à des taux d’émission de 3,0 et de 0,3 mg/24 h chez quatre espèces de scolytes, le Dendroctone du Douglas, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, le Dendroctone de l’épinette, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), le Scolyte du pin, Ips pini (Say) et le Scolyte du sapin de l’ouest, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine. Les réactions de D. pseudotsugae et d’I. pini (au cours de l’une de deux expériences) et des femelles de D. confusus à des pièges garnis d’une substance attirante ont été perturbées par la conophthorine et cela en fonction de la dose. Dendroctonus rufipennis ne réagit pas à la conophthorine. Nos résultats démontrent que l’effet repoussant de la conophthorine agit aussi sur Ips DeGeer et confirment les résultats d’expériences antérieures sur D. pseudotsugae. La conophthorine peut s’avérer utile pour protéger le bois coupé des invasions de scolytes. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
Use of Mindfulness Counselling Technique to Improve Students with Borderline Personality Disorder

This study examined the use of mindfulness counselling technique to improve borderline personality disorder. The study was conducted at Government Technical College, Abakaliki and Community Secondary School, Uburu with a target population of 100 students who have borderline personality disorder. 20 students in SS II were sampled using Purposive sampling technique. The sampled students were exposed to the use of mindfulness after some group interaction for ten weeks. The procedures for treatment were instruction and advice on how to maintain a pain free mindset. Quasi experimental design was used. The data collected before and after treatment were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. From the research findings, it was observed that borderline personality disorder (BPD) affect individuals not minding their gender, age, location, education level among others. Recommendations were based on the findings. Keywords: Mindfulness, Counselling Techniques, borderline
BOOK REVIEW OF STEVEN PINKER'S: "THE BETTER ANGELS OF OUR NATURE: WHY VIOLENCE HAS DECLINED" - Part III -

Editor’s note: This article is too large to fit into any one of our issues. But, due to its importance, we have decided to run it as a three part series. The first of these (doi:10.12709/mest.01.01.02.04) featured the introduction, the beginnings of Block’s critique of Pinker (2011) and the appendix. Part II (doi:10.12709/mest.02.02.01.15) contained most of the main body of this work. And the last appearance of this essay in three parts, presented here, contains the author’s conclusion and his voluminous bibliography.
The absolute configuration of heliespirone B, from sunflower Helianthus annuus

The absolute configuration of the title compound [systematic name: 5-hydr­oxy-8-(1-hydroxy­isoprop­yl)-3,11-dimethyl-7-oxa­spiro­[5.5]undec-3-en-2-one], C15H24O4, has been determined using Cu Kα data at 100 K. The configurations at its four asymmetric C centers are 1R, 2S, 7R and 10S. There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, and they form hydrogen-bonded chains in the [100] direction using only the OH groups.
Nutrition of some marine microalgae with special reference to vitamin requirements and utilization of nitrogen and carbon sources

The status of our knowledge of the organic nutrition of algae has been summarized in tabular form from time to time. Albritton (1954) listed a mere 14 taxa of pigmented algae as having been examined from this point of view. Eight of the 14 were species of Euglena and only ‘Nitzschia dosterium' (= Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin) was marine. This paucity of information reflected in part the lack of suitable denned culture media as prerequisites of nutritional experiments. By the early 1960s this lack had been overcome to a large extent (see, for example, Provasoli, McLaughlin & Droop, 1957) and Thomas (1968) could list some 280 species, both freshwater and marine, on which nutritional work in terms of organic requirements had been undertaken. The vitamin requirements (or lack of them) of most of these species were known, but knowledge of their ability to grow in the dark on organic carbon sources and of their ability to utilize different nitrogen sources in the light was fragmentary. It still is, despite the fact that some of the gaps in Thomas's tables have been subsequently filled and the list of species has been extended.
Operationalization of the Work Behaviour Concept: Work Behaviour Self-assessment Scale

Inspired by the broader models of job performance assessment, there is an attempt to develop and empirically verify an instrument for measuring work behaviour. Defining job performance in the perspective of individual behaviour leads scholars to integrate in their measuring contextual activities that are not directly linked to the task. Work behaviour self-assessment scale is theoretically based on five indicators divided into two wider types of behaviours: related to the (1) results and to the (2) manners of conduct. According to the results of Principal component analysis, 64% of total variance was explained by eight main components, labelled according to the related items. Scale distribution did not deviate from normal with internal consistency of Cronbach`s alpha=. 79. Finally, some ideas for improving characteristics of the scale are provided.
UV Induced Skin Immunosuppression

It is well estabilished that ultraviolet radiations from sunlight are carcinogenetic for skin cells. These radiations at different wavelength induce damage in the skin manly through two mechanisms : direct DNA alteration and alteration of the immune system. The skin immune system is composed by a complex network of cells and soluble mediators that help to maintain the homeostasis of the skin. UV induced immunosuppression is mediated through different photoreceptors present in the skin that lead to either: the production of immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β or the development of suppressive T regulatory cells or to the migration in the skin of CD11+ leukocytes in the skin that ultimately lead to the suppression of immune responses. The aim of this short review is to summarize the general knowledge in the field of UV-induced immunosuppression. The knowledge of the exact mechanism involved in this mechanism is important in order to develop strategies aimed at reducing skin cancer induction.
Message hiding using ECC and Blowfish

The paper presents an idea to transfer the data securely using an encryption mechanism involving data and image encryption. In this mechanism, first the data is encrypted using Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) then embedded into an image. Then the image is encrypted using blowfish algorithm, and this final combination can be transferred via any transfer medium to the authorized recipient. On the receiver side the exact reverse of the encryption is done, the original message is obtained using decryption of ECC and Blowfish algorithms. This mechanism provides a lossless data recovery and message size sent is equal to image size. Keywords—Reversible Data hiding; Secret message; Encryption; Embedding; Decryption, ECC, Blowfish.
Bryophyte community structure in a boreal poor fen II: interspecific competition among five mosses

A possible competitive hierarchy among five boreal bryophytes (Sphagnum angustifolium, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Ptilium crista-castrensis, and Pleurozium schreberi) was examined in a 2-year transplant experiment conducted in two habitats of a poor fen in northern Alberta, Canada, using a sixth moss (Aulacomnium palustre) as a phytometer. Change in relative growth rate in length and weight of A. palustre, measured as competitive effect, indicated the existence of a hierarchy in this peatland wherein the feather mosses are subordinates to the Sphagnum mosses. Relative competitive performance, which was calculated relative to the growth of the phytometer in monoculture, indicated that S. magellanicum exhibited the greatest competitive effect. Sphagnum magellanicum may be a strong competitor and partially inhibit S. fuscum from occupying its full fundamental niche. The competitive ability of S. fuscum and S. angustifolium in this peatland is low relative to that of the other study species. The .
Micro-morphology and anatomy of cypselas in some species of Asteraceae by LM and SEM.

The family Asteraceae is regarded as one of the most advanced family in dicotyledons. The fruit of Asteraceae is technically termed as cypsela which is developed from bicarpellary, unilocular ovary. The fruit is basically non endospermous but it has one to two layers of endosperm at mature state. The term cypsela is followed here which is attached to the receptacle by a meristematic zone, known as carpopodium. The detailed morphological and anatomical features of mature cypselas of 4 species under 2 genera (Centaure acrocodylium, C. rupestris, C. solstitialis and Anthemis marschalliana.) of the tribes Cardueae and Anthemideae have been studied. Special emphasis is given to the surface configuration, structure of surface hairs, stylopodium, carpopodium and pappus bristles of cypselas by LM and SEM. Anatomical features also interesting. In all the studied species, anatomical features exhibit cellular variations. In all studied species, epicarpic region containing calcium oxalate crystal. Crystal formation has an important taxonomic parameter. If crystal formation takes place; there is no phytomelanin layer. In remaining studied species, crystal formation has not been observed. A testal feature is also important taxonomically. In all studied species, testa is uniseriately arranged. In all studied species, endosperm is uniseriately arranged. It is found that the observed features have taxonomic applicability and on the basis of which an artificial key to the studied species is prepared for the identification.
INTENSIFICACIÓN Y DINÁMICA OCUPACIONAL EN EL PERÍODO PREHISPÁNICO TARDÍO DE LAS SIERRAS DE CÓRDOBA (ARGENTINA): UNA APROXIMACIÓN DESDE EL REGISTRO ARTEFACTUAL ÓSEO

Se presenta el analisis del conjunto artefactual oseo de cuatro sitios arqueologicos correspondientes al periodo Prehispanico Tardio de las Sierras de Cordoba (ca. 1.100-360 anos a.p., Argentina). El estudio tuvo como objetivo clasificar los artefactos en grupos morfologicos y determinar las actividades realizadas en los sitios. Los resultados indican la existencia de una tecnologia osea que utilizaba materiales disponibles localmente y se vinculaba con las necesidades de consumo de los grupos domesticos. Tambien sugieren que la adopcion de estrategias agricolas, ca. 1.100 anos a.p., fue acompanada por una intensificacion de las practicas de caza-recoleccion, con el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologias para la caza y el procesamiento de sus subproductos. Por ultimo, se concluye que los asentamientos interpretados como bases residenciales exhibieron una mayor diversidad de artefactos oseos y evidencias concretas de su manufactura, lo cual refleja la realizacion de una amplia gama de actividades y tiempos de permanencia extendidos.
Importance and Capability of Teaching Agricultural Mechanics as Perceived by Secondary Agricultural Educators.

Agricultural mechanics instruction is a long-standing and significant part of secondary agricultural education. Similar to the broader agricultural industry, agricultural mechanics instruction is in a constant state of dynamic change. Educators must be proactive to ensure agricultural mechanics curriculum retains its relevance within this changing environment and that educators are prepared to facilitate that change. The agricultural mechanics in-service needs of secondary agricultural educators in Iowa were examined. Researchers used descriptive measures and mean weighted discrepancy scores to determine teacher perceptions of content importance, teaching competence, and in-service training needs. The areas of highest perceived importance were welding safety, construction and shop safety, and shielded metal arc welding. Agricultural mechanics instructors rated themselves least prepared to teach computer aided design, profile leveling, and hot metal work. As shown by mean weighted discrepancy scores, areas of highest additional training need were global positioning systems, electrical safety, and computer aided design.
Neural Tube Defects: A Retrospective Study of 69 Cases

Objective: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital disorders that significantly increase the risk of death and disability in the 1st year of life. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the patients admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit because of NTD. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively examined the demographic features, familial risk factors, physical examination and radiological findings, and accompanying diseases of 69 patients with NTD. Results: Of the 69 patients hospitalized in a 5-year period, 38 were female and 31 were male. The median birth weight was 3150 g and the median delivery week was 38 weeks. Forty-nine of the patients (71%) had meningomyelocele, 11 patients (16%) had encephalocele, and nine patients (13%) had meningocele. Forty-five of the patients (65.2%) had Arnold–Chiari type 2 malformation. Twenty-five percent of the mothers had a history of periconceptional use of folic acid. The median time of making a diagnosis of NTD by prenatal ultrasonography was 20 (16–24) weeks. Thirty-nine of the patients (56.5%) had other organ disorders, some with multiple systemic disorders. Conclusion: The use of periconceptional folic acid in mothers and a decision for termination in selected cases may be effective in reducing the frequency of NTD.
Investigation of Prevalence Rate of Musculoskeletal Pain among Teachers in Markazi Province, Iran (Case Study: Male and Female Teacher’s City of Delijan)

Musculoskeletal disorders a major part of the job that they have expanded over the past decade. Detailed statistics of the incidence of this disease among the teachers there were for the purpose of this study is an estimate of the incidence rate of musculoskeletal disorders among teachers of Markazi province. In this study, a questionnaire based on information the amount of pain in the days or weeks, skeletal pain, and pain in the area of influence secretaries working in pain be used. This questionnaire dispense among teachers 110 (men 55 and women 55). Data analysis is SPSS software (Version 20) semesters. Frequency of skeletal and muscular discomfort among male teachers is right shoulder (81/9%), right wrists (80%), neck (78.2%), the upper and lower back (71/5%). Frequency of skeletal and muscular discomfort among female teachers is neck (85/5%), the upper back (80%), the right shoulder (69%) and right wrist (68.6%). They are highest prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort. It is also a significant correlation between the amount of pain in the neck, right shoulder, right wrist and forearm upper and right lower back with increasing age (P < 0.05). The findings indicate that the area would have been more upset with the employment of a teacher communicate so should pay special attention to the functions of the editor and the condition of tools and working environment and prevent the incidence of this disease that reduces health and physical health are of great size, the teachers community.
A Prospective Study of Pigmentation, Sun Exposure, and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in Women

Background: Although sun exposure is an established cause of cutaneous malignant melanoma, possible interactions with host factors remain incompletely understood. Here we report the first results from a large prospective cohort study of pigmentation factors and sun exposure in relation to melanoma risk. Methods: The Women's Lifestyle and Health Cohort Study included 106379 women from Norway and Sweden who were aged 30-50 years in 1991 or 1992 when they completed an extensive questionnaire on personal characteristics and exposures. Linkages to national registries ensured complete follow-up through December 31, 1999. Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: During an average follow-up of 8.1 years, 187 cases of melanoma were diagnosed. Risk of melanoma was statistically significantly associated with increasing body surface area (RR for ≥1.79 m 2 versus ≤1.61 m 2 = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03 to 2.48; P trend =.02), number of large asymmetric nevi on the legs (RR for ≥7 nevi versus 0 nevi = 5.29, 95% CI = 2.33 to 12.01; P trend <.001), hair color (RR for red versus dark brown or black = 4.05, 95% CI = 2.11 to 7.76; P trend <.001), sunburns per year at ages 10-19, 20-29, and 30-39 years (P trend <.001, P trend =.03, and P trend =.05, respectively), and use of a device that emits artificial light (solarium) one or more times per month (P =.04). Conclusions: Our results confirm previous findings that hair color, number of nevi on the legs, and history of sunburn are risk factors for melanoma and suggest that use of a solarium is also associated with melanoma risk. Adolescence and early adulthood appear to be among the most sensitive age periods for the effects of sunburn and solarium use on melanoma risk. However, it may be too early to see the full effect of adult exposures in this cohort.
Attachment between Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) mothers and pups

Behavioural interactions between Harbour seal mothers and pups at Miquelon revealed that the following behaviour of the pup generally ensures that the pair stay together, though the mother takes over this role when necessary. This relationship held true when the animals were hauled out on the sandflats, and when they were in the water. Our results imply, contrary to suggestions in the literature, that the pup is able to distinguish its mother from other females. The tendency of the pup to follow its mother is discussed in the context of imprinting as a bonding mechanism.
Stability of fatty acids in grass silages after exposure to air

Knowledge on the fate of fatty acids (FA) in silages that are exposed to air is scarce. During the feedout phase, oxidation might lower the concentration of unsaturated FA. Therefore, the aim was to obtain insight into changes in FA after opening of the silages. Four grass silages with contrasting ammonia and pH values were examined in the anaerobic situation as well as during the aerobic phase after 8, 16 and 24 h of exposure to air. Samples were collected and transported in cooled plastic bags with a N2 atmosphere, stored at -18 o C for 5-6 days, freeze-dried, milled, and FA were extracted with chloroform/methanol. FA concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. The FA content and composition differed greatly between the investigated silages. This study showed that exposure to air up to 24 h did not affect the fatty acid content or composition of the ensiled forage.
Spectral Characteristics of Male Nuptial Coloration in Darters (Etheostoma)

Abstract Freshwater fishes exhibit a high diversity of colors and color patterns. In particular, fishes of the genus Etheostoma have colors perceived by humans as red, orange, yellow, green, and blue in a variety of combinations. We used reflectance spectrophotometry to evaluate color diversity quantitatively among four species of Etheostoma: E. baileyi, E. coosae, E. zonale, and E. zonistium. Three spectral types were identified, corresponding to colors perceived by humans as ‘blue’ or ‘green,’ ‘red’ or ‘orange,’ and ‘yellow. ’ Species differences in the peak wavelengths of the ‘blue’ and ‘green’ spectra were observed, and these complex spectra also differed in reflectance in the long-wavelength portion of the spectrum. Species also differed in the midpoint reflectance of ‘red’ and ‘orange’ spectra. By presenting preliminary descriptions of spectral properties of breeding males, we provide a framework for further investigations into the evolution of breeding coloration and visual ecology in darters.
Usage of Finger Knuckle as Effective Supporting Biometric: A Literature Survey

: Biometrics based personal identification had been the quite prevalent research area among the engineers recently. Although it was initially employed for personal identification, numerous biometrics applications are extensively being used for personal authentication purposes very commonly now days. Iris recognition or finger prints recognitions are the most predominantly used biometrics example. However, such kinds of biometrics make more sense where subject voluntarily involves in the identification process. On the other hand, many of situations e.g. fact finding for a legal application, where it is needed to precisely recognize a person without a prior cooperation agreement, most of the common biometrics fail to prove their application. The system then needs to look for additional commonly evident biometrics. Human knuckle surfaces are the most suitable ones in such scenarios. There had been many of notable works recorded into literature which prove the establishment of finger knuckles as the best performing biometric. The present paper tries to put forward a detailed and focused literature survey of techniques using knuckle surfaces as either the effective biometrics for personal identification or the supportive one for results improvisation.With insipient progress in machine learning algorithms, modern day engineers are taking advantage of superior machine learning algorithm which continuously providing increasing trend of accurate personal identifications as this review shows.