Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CAROTENE OXIDIZING FACTORS IN RED PEPPER FRUITS (Capsicum annuum L.). Ascqrbic Acid

Two active carotene-bleaching fractions were separated from aqueous pepper extract, one a protein and the other a low-molecular weight compound. The low-molecular weight compound was identified as ascorbic acid, accompanied by dehydroascorbic acid according to the rate of migration upon TLC and specific chemical reactions. The behavior of this low-molecular fraction also fitted ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid with regard to the effect on carotene oxidation and the changes in bleaching activity brought about by the addition of EDTA, changes in pH and in the concentration of the fraction.
Reply to Partridge et al.: Longevity of Drosophila Indy mutant is influenced by caloric intake and genetic background

We apologize for any misunderstanding that may have occurred because of our inadvertent error that led to the removal of the Toivonen et al. (1) citation from our manuscript (2). Partridge et al. state longevity of the Indy mutant is due to “presence of a tetracycline-dependent agent plus some other X-chromosomal locus” (3).
Population structure and the relationship between pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum

One hundred isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were collected from soil with a history of Fusarium wilt of muskmelon in a 35 m 2 area within an agricultural field in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Twenty-nine strains from this collection, each representing a different vegetative compatibility group, were found to be nonpathogenic to muskmelon in greenhouse seedling tests. Each of these 29 strains was examined for polymorphisms in mitochondrial (mt) DNA by probing restriction digests of total DNA with cloned fragments from the mt genome of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis (.)
Predispersal mortality and fecundity in the grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) in southeastern Australia

The predispersal mortality of floral buds and fruits in the grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) was examined over a range of populations for 3 years. The average survival of floral buds to anthesis was 34%. Moth larvae (subtribe Phycitina) attack and consume the contents of variable numbers of flower buds, but their activities did not influence bud survival, as experimental exclusion of larvae did not increase the number of buds surviving to anthesis. Fruit mortality is initially high with an average of 21% of floral buds surviving to immature fruit. Subsequent mortality is lower until on average 2.9% of floral buds survive to become viable propagules. Several cohorts of the phycitine moth larvae feed throughout the development of the fruit, and up to 62% of mature fruit show signs of larval attack. Experimental exclusion of moth larvae doubled the survival of fruits. However more than 75% of fruit mortality may be attributed to maternal regulation. Hail storms can also cause fruit mortality. The potential fecundity (number of ovules) of A. marina was measured over a range of age-size classes of trees and the realized fecundity (viable propagules) was estimated from average predispersal mortality. These estimates were subsequently verified in the field. A fecundity schedule was constructed with assumptions on reproductive frequency and reproductive life. The average annual supply of propagules over a lifetime is estimated to be about 247 viable propagules per tree.
PENGARUH PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI KOTA CIREBON TAHUN 2011-2018

Kemiskinan merupakan salah satu masalah dalam perekonomian yang kompleks dan multidimensional. Oleh karenanya perlu dicari solusi untuk mengatasi atau paling tidak mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh pengeluaran pemerintah dan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Kota Cirebon. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari kantor BPS Kota Cirebon, yaitu berupa data Belanja Daerah, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Tingkat Kemiskinan di Kota Cirebon tahun 2011-2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kuantitatif dengan model regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Belanja Daerah dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi mempunya pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan Kota Cirebon, sebesar 85,5909%.
A New Method for Sampling Potentially Toxic Benthic Dinoflagellates

Abstract In the last decades, blooms of Ostreopsis ovata are increasingly frequent in several Mediterranean coastal areas, sometimes causing problems to the public health. The quantification of O. ovata abundances is generally performed by quantifying the number of cells per gram of macroalga, often preventing the comparison of abundances from different sites if cell quantifications are performed on different algal species. In this paper we propose a sampling method based on the use of a modified plastic syringe designed to quantify benthic cells abundances independently from the type of substratum. The method was tested in the O. ovata monitoring carried out in the Gulf of La Spezia (Ligurian Sea) and along the Apulian coasts (Southern Italy) since 2007. In 2009 the “syringe” method was compared with the classic methodology used in national monitoring of O. ovata. The syringe method seems interesting in terms of time costs and effectiveness, both for sample collection and processing, allowing quick and simple sampling of several sites along the coastline. The technique turned out to be adequate when a fast and reliable estimate of O. ovata “reservoir” near the bottom was required, in order to forecast toxic algal blooms in coastal areas.
Innovative devices in FD-SOI technology

The main purpose of this PhD work is to investigate the fundamentals of floating body effects (FBEs) in recent generations of ultrathin FDSOI devices. Several FBEs, (i) kink effect, (ii) gate-induced FBE, (iii) parasitic bipolar transistor, (iv) sharp switching, (v) current hysteresis, and (vi) transient and history effect (MSD), are scrutinized in terms of interaction between holes and electrons in ultrathin transistor body. The key point is that in an n-channel SOI MOSFET the FBEs are originated from the interplay of the excess holes which are either being stored or eliminated. For better understanding of FBEs, the body potential Vb has measured directly in H-gate body contact n-MOSFETs. The dynamic Vb variation has also been monitored successfully thanks to lateral P+ body contacts extended into the undoped-silicon film underneath the front-gate.Through the measurements of Vb, there are three major findings highlighted for the first time: (i) correlation between the onset of the FBEs and the Vb variation, (ii) new experimental evidence of super-coupling effect observed while the surface potential is changed from depletion to volume inversion, (iii) establishment of a new technique for extracting threshold voltage VT compared with the typical methods based on the current-voltage characteristics.Finally, innovative FDSOI devices such as back-gated InGaAs lateral N+NN+ MOSFET, and Z2-FET sensors, are characterized. We demonstrate the basic performance of the InGaAs-on-Insulator substrate by using Ψ-MOSFET technique. Sensing features of the Z2-FET are investigated under magnetic field or illumination.
Ionic Permeability of Insect Epithelia

In general, ionic regulation will depend on active transport by epithelia and also on the permeability properties of these tissues. Passive permeability has recently been studied in the hindgut of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria using electrophysiological and radiotracer techniques. Although locust rectum has low electrical resistance, cell membranes provide the major route for transepithelial ionic diffusion; i.e. , the locust rectum is a tight epithelium. Potassium permeability (PK) is apparently regulated by luminal K and osmotic concentrations (local control), and also by the peptide hormone CTSH (chloride transport-stimulating hormone). Transepithelial resistance declines when isolated recta are exposed to CTSH or its “second-messenger” cAMP (adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate). Cyclic-AMP also stimulates K diffusion across recta by 400%. Intracellular cable analysis indicatesthat cAMP lowers apical and basal membrane resistances (Ra and Rb, respectively) by ˜80%; however different ionic permeabilities are affected at thelumen- and hemolymph-facing membranes: The cAMP-induced decline in Ra, requires potassium whereas δRb is Cl-dependent. The actions of cAMP on active transport and passive permeability are complementary and would allow remarkably efficient control over KC1 absorption in vivo . One hypothesis is as follows: CTSH elevates intracellular cAMP concentration by stimulating adenyl cyclase. Cyclic-AMP enhances transepithelial Cl absorption by stimulating a Cl pump in the apical membrane and also by increasing the Cl permeability of the basal membrane. Passive K absorption would also increase during cAMP stimulation since Cl transport results in a more positive luminal potential, and because cAMP elevates transrectal PK. The mechanisms by which membrane permeability is regulated in insects have not yet been studied, but these might involve the modulation of ion channels by cAMP- or calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation, Ca or calmodulin binding, methylation, or insertion of new channels into the membrane.
Pollenkeimung unter Einfluß elektromagnetischer Wellen und Felder

L'action d'ondes radar et de rayons X sur la germination du pollen a ete etudiee. Une duree d'exposition d'une minute provoquait une stimulation, une exposition plus longue, une inhibition. Dans ce dernier cas apparemment, le pollen le moins viable etait detruit en premier. Pour les ondes plus longues (λ=3 m) et les champs electromagnetiques (frequence de 50 Hz, force de 2 ou 10 kV/m), aucun effet n'a pu etre prouve. Les tubes polliniques etaient plus longs apres germination a l'obscurite
Immunogenicity of vaccines from a virulent and an a virulent strain of Aeromonas salmonicida

Injected vaccines consisting of formalin-killed cells and extracellular antigens prepared from a virulent and an avirulent strain of Aeromonas salmonicida were tested for their efficacy in protecting juvenile coho salmon. Oncorhychus kisutch (Walbaum). Against experimental furunculosis following active and passive immunization. Sera used in the passive immunization experiments were raised in subadult coho salmon and in rabbits. Results indicated that the avirulent strain was inferior to the virulent strain in its immunogenicity for coho salmon. Thus, even though avirulent cells possessed at least one immunogen–an immunogen that was show in passive immunization experiments to be well recognized by rabbits–the immunogen was only inefficiently protection when vaccinated with avirulent cells. Furher, extracellular antigens of the avirulent strain were not protective for coho salmon even though they elicited the production of anti-A. salmonicida agglutinins. In contrast, the killed cells and extracellular antigens of the virulent strain were both immunogenic in coho salmon. By passively immunizing coho salmon with rabbit sera raised against the virulent and the virulent strain produced at least two immunogens, only one of which was shared in common with the avirulent strain. The extra immunogen possessed by the virulent strain is presumably responsible for its superior immunogenicity in coho salmon; the immunogen had the properties of a protein and is believed to be the A-protein.
Female weight and reproductive condition in a population of olive baboons (Papio anubis)

The study reported here tested Altmann's prediction [Baboon Mothers and Infants. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1980] that lactating female baboons endure a weight loss. Data from 64 adult female olive baboons (Papio anubis) residing in six troops in Kenya revealed that reproductive condition was related to weight. Lactating females weighed less and pregnant females weighed more than cycling females. There was a negative correlation between the weight of cycling females and the number of months postweighing to their next conception. These results indicate that lactation in wild baboons imposes energy costs that result in lost weight. It is suggested that female baboons may have to surpass a minimum weight threshold prior to resumption of postlactational cycling and that nutritional status is more influential than rank in affecting female reproductive success.
Comparing floral nectar and aphid honeydew diets on the longevity and nutrient levels of a parasitoid wasp

We compared the effects of floral nectar from buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, and honeydew produced by the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Homoptera: Aphididae), on longevity, nutrient levels, and egg loads of the parasitoid Diadegma insulare Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Diadegma insulare lived for 2 days in control treatments of water or clean soybean leaves, for 6–7 days with honeydew, and in excess of 2 weeks with buckwheat nectar. Potential reasons for the superiority of buckwheat nectar over soybean aphid honeydew for extending the longevity of parasitoids include: (i) parasitoids ingest more sugars from floral sources, (ii) oligosaccharides in honeydew have a lower nutritional value than nectar sugars, and (iii) honeydew has antagonistic compounds. Overall sugar levels were lower in honeydew‐ vs. nectar‐fed female wasps, suggesting a lower feeding rate, but other explanations cannot be excluded. Diadegma insulare eclosed with high levels of lipids and glycogen, and low levels of gut and storage sugars. All carbohydrates increased over the life of both nectar‐ and honeydew‐fed wasps, but remained low or decreased in starved wasps. Lipid levels declined over the lifespan of female wasps, but females fed floral nectar showed the slowest rate of lipid decline. Diet did not affect egg load, probably because the females were not given hosts in the experiment.
Lessons learned from inshore and deep-sea lobsters concerning alkylphenols

Summary In earlier studies it was found that metamorphosis-inducing activity brings about the settlement of swimming trochophore larvae of the marine worm Capitella capitata. Such activity was attributable to alkylphenols, which are present in marine sediments as well as in hemolymph and embryos of the lobster Homarus americanus. These samples were taken from Long Island Sound and Vineyard Sound. Little or none of this activity was found in offshore lobsters taken from the edge of the continental shelf far from human influence. A comprehensive analytical method based on organic solvent microwave-assisted extraction, followed by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of bioactive compounds. These compounds include the following four alkylphenols: #1: 2-t-butyl-4-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol; #2: 2,6-bis-(t-butyl)-4-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol; #3: 2,4-bis-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol; and #4: 2,4-bis-(dimethlybenzyl)-6-t-butylphenol. It is reported that 95 (36%) of 262 inshore lobsters contained one or more alkylphenols with average values as follows: compound #1, 11.2 ± 55.9 ng/mL; #2, 23.3 ± 355.9 ng/mL; #3, 116.6 ± 434.2 ng/mL; and #4, 107.1±1167.9 ng/mL, respectively. Only one of 15 offshore lobsters (6.7%), had detectable alkylphenols. Three of five (60%) of deep-sea lobsters had embryos that were carrying higher levels of alkylphenols. These results suggest that inshore lobsters at higher water temperatures are exposed to alkylphenol contamination. Offshore lobsters at lower temperatures appear to be remediated and have lower alkylphenol levels in their blood by having remained offshore, presumably in less contaminated waters. The embryos were most likely formed during inshore reproductive maturation because offshore temperatures are too low for ovarian and egg maturation. These embryos remained contaminated because of their isolation within a relatively impervious shell.
Essential role of the yolk syncytial layer for the development of isolated blastoderms from medaka embryos

To investigate a possible role of the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) in the development of the medaka embryo, blastoderms were isolated at different stages of embryogenesis either with or without the layer and were incubated in a culture medium. The blastoderms from cleavage stage embryos (stage 8–9), in which the YSL had not yet formed, developed into an irregular mass of cells. But some of the blastoderms isolated with the YSL from the blastula embryos (stage 10) developed into embryo‐like structures with apparent body axes and contained differentiated organs, such as the eye, ear, contractile heart, yolk sac‐like sphere and posterior body trunk with notochord. The proportion of such explants increased as the developmental stage proceeded. However, the proportion was much smaller when blastoderms were isolated at the blastula stage without the YSL. These results suggest that the YSL is essential for the development of embryonic structures. At stage 12 (early gastrula), the frequency of formation of such structures was the same among blastoderms with or without the YSL, so that these embryos are apparently committed for pattern formation.
Factors Influencing Understory Seedling Establishment of Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmannii) and Subalpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in Southeast Wyoming

Although seedlings of Abies lasiocarpa are generally more abundant than those of Picea engelmannii in the understory of mature spruce–fir forests throughout the central and northern Rocky Mountains, little information exists concerning environmental or plant factors that may influence the establishment of these two conifers. Field measurements in the Medicine Bow Mountains of southeast Wyoming showed that seedlings of A. lasiocarpa had greater photosynthetic rates at low understory light levels and required lower levels of incident radiation for saturation of photosynthesis compared with those of P. engelmannii. However, both conifers occurred in understory locations where total daily solar radiation was equally low (<2 MJ∙m−2∙day−1) and thus, a lack of light did not appear to be responsible for the low number of P. engelmannii seedlings in the understory. In contrast, seedlings of P. engelmannii were substantially more abundant at locations with thinner litter layers compared with those of A. lasiocarpa.
An integrated management strategy for the conservation of Eastern black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis michaeli in Kenya

At time of writing Kenya holds c. 84% of the remaining in situ population of Critically Endangered Eastern black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis michaeli. The Kenyan 5 year Black Rhino Conservation and Management Strategy has given highest priority to the biological management of the subspecies in order to help achieve and maintain rapid metapopulation growth to increase rhinoceros numbers. Specific training and capacity building in monitoring of rhinoceros, from collection of field data to status reporting, have been implemented. Procedures to assess ecological carrying capacity for Eastern black rhinoceros habitat have been developed to help establish new viable populations and to optimize the management of existing sanctuaries, some of which face loss of suitable habitat owing to competition for resources between rhinoceros and other browsers. The management objective is to maintain rhinoceros populations below the ecological carrying capacity of a reserve in order to increase reproduction in‘donor'populations as well as the trans-location of animals to create new populations with the potential for rapid growth. The conservation value of establishing site-level support relationships is also discussed. Kenya, for the first time since the 1970s, achieved a growth rate of >5% over the period 2004 and 2005 (the national goal is to increase numbers by at least 5%).
Effect of Crude Palm Oil Incorporation on Growth, Survival, Feed Efficiency, and Body Composition of Heterobranchus longifilis Fingerlings

An 8-week feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of increasing dietary palm oil levels on African catfish juvenile growth and nutrient utilization. Six isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 0.5% to 15% crude palm oil with dietary lipid levels ranging from 5% to 20%. Growth performance and protein utilization efficiency of African catfish responded in a positive manner to palm oil addition up to 9% (diet 14% lipid). No further improvement in growth was observed with higher levels of palm oil in the diets, and lower survival was observed with inclusion of 15% palm oil (diet 20% lipid). Whole-body lipid content increased when fish were fed with increasing levels of dietary lipid. Under our experimental conditions, the best growth rate and nutrient utilization were observed with the inclusion of 9% crude palm oil in the diets for African catfish.
Effect of Dietary Protein Concentration on Growth and Processing Yield of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus1

— This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein concentration and an all-plant diet on growth and processing yield of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Four diets were formulated using plant and animal proteins to contain 24%n, 28%, 32%, or 36% crude protein with digestible energy to protein (DE/P) ratios of 11.7, 10.2, 9.0, and 8.1 kcal/g, respectively. An all-plant diet containing 28% protein with a DE/P ratio of 10.2 kcal/g was also included. Channel catfish fingerlings averaging 40 g/fish were stocked into 24, 0.04-ha ponds at a density of 18,530 fish/ha. Five ponds were used for each dietary treatment except for the all-plant diet which had four replicates. The fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for 160 d. No differences were observed in feed consumption, weight gain, survival, carcass and nugget yield, or fillet moisture and protein concentrations among treatments. Fish fed the 28% protein diet had a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than fish fed diets containing 24% and 32% protein, but had a FCR similar to fish fed the 36% protein diet. Fillet yield was higher for fish fed the 36% protein diet than fish fed the 24% protein diet. Visceral fat was lower in fish fed the 36% protein diet than fish fed other diets. Fish fed the 32% and 36% protein diets exhibited a lower level of fillet fat than fish fed the 24% protein diet. The 36% protein diet resulted in a lower level of fillet fat than fish fed the 28% protein diet. There was a positive linear regression in fillet yield and fillet moisture concentration and a negative linear regression in visceral fat and fillet fat against dietary protein concentration. No differences in any variables were noted between the 28% protein diets with and without animal protein except that fish fed the 28% protein diet without animal protein had a higher FCR than fish fed the 28% protein diet with animal protein. This observation did not appear to be diet related since FCR of fish fed the 32% protein diet containing animal protein was not different from that of fish fed the 28% all-plant protein diet. Data from the present study indicate that dietary protein concentrations ranging from 24% to 36% provided for similar feed consumption, growth, feed efficiency, and carcass yield. However, since there is a general increase in fattiness and a decrease in fillet yield as the dietary protein concentration decreases or DEP ratio increases, it is suggested that a minimum of 28% dietary protein with a maximum DEIP ratio of 10 kcal/g protein is optimal for channel catfish growout.
Effects of β‐Glucan, Shearing and Environmental Factors on the Turbidity of Wort and Beer

The presence of added β-glucan in wort caused increased turbidity levels, which increased at higher molecular weights and concentrations of the polymer. Levels of pH, maltose and ethanol, and shear experienced in a brewery also influenced the turbidity of wort and beer. Haze levels of beer after 0.45 μm membrane filtration were found to decrease due to the removal of non-β-glucan particles. Cold storage at 4°C for two weeks was found not to lower the turbidity caused by high concentrations of high molecular weight β-glucan polymers.