Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uma nova abordagem para a resolução do Problema do Caixeiro Viajante utilizando Redes Neurais

Este trabalho apresenta uma técnica que utiliza a Rede Neural Recorrente de Wang com o princípio Winner Takes All para solucionar o Problema do Caixeiro Viajante. Quando a Rede Neural de Wang apresenta soluções factíveis para o Problema da Designação, o princípio Winner Takes All é aplicado nos valores das variáveis de decisão da Rede Neural, com a restrição adicional de que a nova solução forme uma rota factível para o Problema do Caixeiro Viajante. Os resultados desta nova técnica são comparados com outras heurísticas (Mapas Auto-Organizáveis, Simulated Annealing e heurísticas de inserção e remoção de arcos) com dados do TSPLIB (Traveling Salesman Problem Library). A técnica de busca local 2-opt é aplicada nas soluções finais da técnica proposta, demonstrando melhorias consideráveis em seus resultados. As vantagens desta nova técnica são a fácil implementação computacional, a baixa complexidade computacional, os bons resultados obtidos e a possibilidade de resolver problemas simétricos e assimétricos com a mesma técnica.
Prediction of High School Graduation with Decision Trees

While working as an educator for the past fourteen years, we are always looking at data and determining ways to help our students. Graduation status is one area of interest. I wanted to apply statistical methods to try and find early indicators of those students who may drop out, thus being able to provide early intervention to those students. With early intervention, we may be able to lower our dropout rate. While studying different methods of pattern recognition, I found that the decision tree method in machine learning was the best for the data that I had collected. Decision trees are suited for data that is numeric and categorical. It is a simplistic method of pattern recognition that is easy to interpret. Decision trees begin with a root node and attributes are tested to determine the branches that lead to the leaf node, which is where decisions or classifications are made for the target variable. Students state assessment scores and lunch status were used to find a pattern for those who graduate and those who drop out. The data was then re-run again using logistic regression. Running the data using logistic regression found some similarities with the decision tree. There was not a clear pattern that separated those students who graduate from those who dropped out. However, there are a few areas of testing that may provide a start for early intervention with our struggling students.
Reconceptualising the Right to Education in the wake of the current learning crisis : lessons from Zimbabwe

The right to education has been enshrined in numerous international treaties and national laws and is the founding principle on which global education policy has been developed. In practice, however, despite near global resonance with rights treaties, there is a disjuncture between theory and reality of access to the right to education for all people. In addition, both the Education for All targets and the Millennium Development Goals for education (2 & 3) are set to be missed at the deadline date of 2015, in the midst of alarming revelations of a developing global learning crisis in which thousands of learners are in school but not learning. As policy makers worldwide reflect on the mistakes of the past, new plans are being drawn up for a new development agenda beyond 2015. In education concept papers, the right to education remains a cornerstone. It is, however, imperative, to avoid repeating the errors of the past, that the right is re-examined in the light of the educational developments of the last 25 years and that it is reconceptualised in a relevant and contextually appropriate manner. In doing this, it is essential that lessons be learnt about the implementation of the right to education and global policy from as wide a range of experiences as possible. This dissertation considers the particular example of Zimbabwe in assessing how and why trends in education have developed and what might be significant for reconceptualising the right for a post-2015 era. In concluding, it also reflects briefly on the contribution which social justice theory can offer by way of clarifying particular elements of a reconceptualised right to education.
What drives innovation in New Zealand ? Some preliminary results using the Business Operations Survey

This paper investigates the innovative behaviour of New Zealand firms using the Business Operation Survey (BOS). A detailed review of the international innovation literature is provided as a precursor to identifying a list of potential regression variables. A set of regression models, with four different innovation outcomes, are presented and the results suggest that New Zealand firms appear to experience smaller positive size and market power effects than found in other countries due, in the main, to the unique characteristics of New Zealand firms. Both investment and favourable business environment appear to play an important role in explaining the drivers of innovation in New Zealand. JEL Classifications O31, O33, O38 Disclaimer This report was undertaken while the first two authors were contracted to the Ministry of Economic Development and was primarily supported by the Marsden fund. The opinions, findings, recommendations and conclusions expressed in this report are those of the author(s). Statistics NZ, Ministry of Economic Development take no responsibility for any omissions or errors in the information contained here. Access to the data used in this study was provided by Statistics NZ in accordance with security and confidentiality provisions of the Statistics Act 1975. Only people authorised by the Statistics Act 1975 are allowed to see data about a particular business or organisation. The results in this paper have been confidentialised to protect individual businesses from identification. Any table or other material in this report may be reproduced and published without further licence, provided that it does not purport to be published under government authority and that acknowledgement is made of this source.
Effects of Fumes Inhaled from Cooked Meat

Since 2015, the World Health Organization has regarded the ingestion of processed meat as a definite carcinogen and red meat as a probable carcinogen, basing their recommendations on studies showing an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The findings have led many to limit their ingestion of red and processed meat. Over the past several decades, a growing body of literature has formed regarding the possible harmful, if not carcinogenic, effects of fumes emanating from cooked meat on humans. In this article, we discuss the evidence available on the subject.
Installation of hydrolysis and oxidation processes in alimentary animal fats under different storage conditions

Physicochemical characteristics and freshness indicators of pork lard during refrigeration (2 . 4C) and freezing (-15 .18C) storage were studied. In assessing the various stages of oxidative changes, peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the presence of epyhidrinic aldehyde (Kreis reaction) were determined to identify and measure the primary and secondary oxidation compounds, fatty acid profile and acidity index determination for measuring the degree of lipolysis. Appreciation of oxidation process installation was performed also by microscopic examination. Based on the obtained results it can be said that pork lard stored under refrigeration is fresh until the 2nd month, in the 3rd month is relatively fresh showing slightly acidic taste and smell and a high value of PV, and from the 4th month, the advanced oxidation is installed due to the formation of secondary compounds that alter the sensory properties in rancid taste and odor, and yellow color. Storage temperature had a very significant effect (P≤0.001), and storage time had a significant effect (P≤0.05) on the installation of advanced processes of hydrolysis and oxidation, the shelf life under freezing was double than that under refrigeration.
A Multilayer Annotated Corpus for Turkish Olcay

In this paper, we present the first multilayer annotated corpus for Turkish, which is a low-resourced agglutinative language. Our dataset consists of 9,600 sentences translated from the Penn Treebank Corpus. Annotated layers contain syntactic and semantic information including morphological disambiguation of words, named entity annotation, shallow parse, sense annotation, and semantic role label annotation.
Chlorogenic acid content in potato tubers with colored flesh as affected by a genotype, location and long-term storage

In three-year field experiments, the effect of genotype, flesh color, site conditions and storage on chlorogenic acid content (CAC) in tubers of potato cultivars with purple or red flesh was compared to yellow-fleshed cv. Agria. The results confirmed the significant effect of genotype on CAC. The highest CAC was characteristic on a three-year mean for the purple-fleshed cv. Vitelotte (769.5 mg/kg fresh weight (FW)), i.e. 1.19−2.6 times higher than in the other cultivars. In regard to the effect of flesh color, significantly higher mean CAC levels have been shown for the red-fleshed (2.8 times) and purple-fleshed (3.16 times) cultivars in comparison with cv. Agria (148 mg/kg FW). At the Uhříněves location with a warmer climate and frequent dry periods as compared to the second Valečov location, a higher CAC (1.18 times) was found. Cold storage (4°C, 6 months) resulted in a significant CAC increase varying from 33.2% in the Blaue St. Galler cultivar to 210.6% in the Vitelotte cultivar among all eight evaluated color-fleshed cultivars. On the other hand, the effect of storage on CAC was not evident in the yellow-fleshed Agria cultivar (inconclusive difference against CAC after harvest).
in-toto: Providing farm-to-table guarantees for bits and bytes

The software development process is quite complex and involves a number of independent actors. Developers check source code into a version control system, the code is compiled into software at a build farm, and CI/CD systems run multiple tests to ensure the software’s quality among a myriad of other operations. Finally, the software is packaged for distribution into a delivered product, to be consumed by end users. An attacker that is able to compromise any single step in the process can maliciously modify the software and harm any of the software’s users. To address these issues, we designed in-toto, a framework that cryptographically ensures the integrity of the software supply chain. in-toto grants the end user the ability to verify the software’s supply chain from the project’s inception to its deployment. We demonstrate in-toto’s effectiveness on 30 software supply chain compromises that affected hundreds of million of users and showcase in-toto’s usage over cloud-native, hybrid-cloud and cloudagnostic applications. in-toto is integrated into products and open source projects that are used by millions of people daily. The project website is available at: https://in-toto.io.
Brain natriuretic peptide in women with mild hypertension in perimenopausal period Summary

Background Morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases increase rapidly in women after menopause. Relationship between menopause and hypertension has been a topic of investigation for several years. There are no evidences about the influence of menopause on brain natriuretic peptide level. Present studies indicate the important prognostic value of this parameter in this group of patients. The aim of this study was to assess the level of N-terminal part of brain natriuretic peptide as well as the correlation of this factor with values of blood pressure in hypertensive women in relation to postand premenopausal hormonal status. Material and methods The study included 112 women aged 45 to 55 years (mean age 50.73 ± 1.82 years) with mild essential hypertension confirmed by conventional blood pressure measurements and 24 h ABP monitoring (SpaceLabs 90207). The study population was stratified according to hormonal status: postmenopausal (group A; n = 61; age 51.03 ± 1.39 years) and premenopausal (group B; n = 51; age 50.37 ± 2.19 years). Fasting plasma level of NT-proBNP, was measured by immunochemical method. Results The level of NT-proBNP was significantly higher in women after menopause (1.88 ± 0.27 [75.86] vs. 1.75 ± 0.28 [56.23] log pg/ml; p = 0.016), in the whole group 1.82 ± 0.28 (66.07) log pg/ml. Conclusions The women after menopause are characterized by higher level of NT-proBNP than premenopausal ones. Furthure investigations are required to explain this phenomenon. key words: hypertension, NT-proBNP, menopause, women Arterial Hypertension 2008, vol. 12, no 4, pages 261–268.
Video color grading via deep neural networks

The task of color grading (or color correction) for film and video is significant and complex, involving aesthetic and technical decisions that require a trained operator and a good deal of time. In order to determine whether deep neural networks are capable of learning this complex aesthetic task, we compare two network frameworks—a classification network, and a conditional generative adversarial network, or cGAN—examining the quality and consistency of their output as potential automated solutions to color correction. Results are very good for both networks, though each exhibits problem areas. The classification network has issues with generalizing due to the need to collect and especially to label all data being used to train it. The cGAN on the other hand can use unlabeled data, which is much easier to collect. While the classification network does not directly affect images, only identifying image problems, the cGAN, creates a new image, introducing potential image degradation in the process; thus multiple adjustments to the network need to be made to create high quality output. We find that the data labeling issue for the classification network is a less tractable problem than the image correction and continuity issues discovered with the cGAN method, which have direct solutions. Thus we conclude the cGAN is the more promising network with which to automate color correction and grading.
oil CO 2 emissions from different slope gradients and positions in the emiarid Loess Plateau of China

Knowledge of CO2 emissions under different slope gradients and positions and its controlling factors is critical in accurately estimating CO2 emissions and carbon cycling on the slopes of eroded regions. In this study, three east-facing plots of 100 m2 (20 m × 5 m) with a slope gradient of 0.5◦ (S0.5), 1◦ (S1), and 3◦ (S3) were established in an eroded gully of the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China. The CO2 emission, temperature, moisture, runoff, sediment, fine root biomass and grain yield of these three plots were measured from October 2013 to September 2015 to investigate the relationship between slope gradients and soil CO2 emissions. The results showed that the mean annual cumulative CO2 emissions at S1 and S3 (731.0 ± 65.1 and 628.3 ± 74.8 g C m−2 year−1) were about 13.4% and 25.5% lower than that at S0.5 (843.7 ± 84.9 g C m−2 year−1). The CO2 emissions were higher at bottom slope than at upper slope, with an increase of 26.2% at S3, 22.9% at S1 and 14.5% at S0.5, respectively. The mean soil moisture ranged from 40.8% to 44.8% water-filled pore space (WFPS) among the slope gradients, and from 35.8% to 45.6% WFPS among the slope positions. There was a significant difference in mean fine root biomass among different slope gradients (S0.5 > S1 > S3, P < 0.05), but no significant difference among different slope positions. The mean soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged from 8.8 g kg−1 at S3 to 9.9 g kg−1 at S0.5, and that at the bottom and middle slope were higher than that at the upper slope at S1 and S3. Slope differentiated soil moisture content and redistribution, and the thus derived spatial differences in fine root biomass and crop yields, was the major factor influencing the soil CO2 emissions among slope gradients and positions. Slope gradients and positions should be considered when estimating soil CO2 emissions and carbon cycling in the complex and fragmented topography regions. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The 1st International Conference of Energy Economics in Administration & Human Resource Management (ICEEAHRM 2018)

Internet-supported learning environment (ISLE) is necessary for students in higher institutions in order to be able to learn efficiently in a class. The study investigated the importance of applying ISLE among Malaysian university students to understand the acceptance of technology whether it is in line with the major shift in the education system in 21st century. It was measured through students’ motivation level in learning using four ISLE motivation factors which included technology, effort, persistence and task choice. The four ISLE motivation factors by Bekele (2010) were mapped in the questionnaire based on Innovation Components Configuration Map by Javeri & Persichitte (2007). The finding showed that all the four ISLE motivation factors affected student motivation level in accepting technology in their learning. Since ISLE is relatively less structured, student focused, and process oriented, it helps students to learn the courses more efficiently.
Mobile Commerce and Consumers’ Online Purchase Orientation in Poland, Croatia and Serbia

As an innovative approach to retail, mobile commerce develops rapidly during last decade. It brings new challenges and opportunities in front of retailers who have to adapt their business strategies to new generation shoppers. With a good understanding of the shoppers' online purchase intention, retailers are able to develop effective online strategies to attract new and keep loyal web-shopping customers. The purpose of this paper is to explain the online shopping orientation in the context of country of origin. There is a limited number of such research in Central and Eastern Europe, so there is a lack of knowledge about young consumers from this region and their attitude as mobile technology users. The article is based on the research conducted in Poland, Croatia and Serbia where 454 young non-randomly selected respondents answered online survey questions. The research hypotheses were tested using correlation and non-parametric statistics. Differences between observed countries suggest that there is a necessity to adapt approach concerning online retailing even at the market with similar characteristics. Therefore, creators of marketing and sales strategies of online and omnichannel companies should consider this fact when planning business strategies.
Preferences, Machine Learning, and Decision Support With Cyber-Physical Systems

Modeling of complex processes with human participations causes difficulties due to the lack of precise measurement coming from the qualitative nature of the human notions. This provokes the need of utilization of empirical knowledge expressed cardinally. An approach for solution of these problems is utility theory. As cyber-physical systems are integrations of computation, networking, and physical processes in interaction with the user is needed feedback loops, the aim of the chapter is to demonstrate the possibility to describe quantitatively complex processes with human participation. This approach permits analytical representations of the users' preferences as objective utility functions and modeling of the complex system “human-process. ” The mathematical technique allows CPS users dialog and is demonstrated by two case studies, portfolio allocation, and modeling of a competitive trade by a finite game and utility preference representation of the trader. The presented formulations could serve as foundation of development of decision support tools and decision control.
Challenges in detecting drowsiness based on driver’s behavior

Drowsiness while driving has been a critical issue within the context of transportation safety. A number of approaches have been developed to reduce the risks of drowsy drivers. The mechanisms in detecting fatigue and sleepiness while driving has been categorized into three broad approaches, including vehicle-based, physiological-based, and behavior-based approaches. This paper will discuss recent studies in recognizing drowsy drivers based on their behaviors, particularly changes in eyes and facial characteristics. This paper will also address challenges in capturing aspects of natural expressions, driver responses, behavior, and task environment associated with sleepiness. Additionally, a number of technical aspects should be seriously considered, including correctly capturing face and eye characteristics from unwanted movements, unsuitable task environments, technological limitations, and individual differences.
Use of degree of disequilibrium analysis to select kinetic constraints for the rate-controlled constrained-equilibrium (RCCE) method

The Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium (RCCE) method provides a general framework that enables, with the same ease, reduced order kinetic modelling at three different levels of approximation: shifting equilibrium, frozen equilibrium, as well as non-equilibrium chemical kinetics. The method in general requires a significantly smaller number of differential equations than the dimension of the underlying Detailed Kinetic Model (DKM) for acceptable accuracies. To provide accurate approximations, however, the method requires accurate identification of the bottleneck kinetic mechanisms responsible for slowing down the relaxation of the state of the system towards local chemical equilibrium. In other words, the method requires that such bottleneck mechanisms be characterized by means of a set of representative constraints. So far, a drawback of the RCCE method has been the absence of a systematic algorithm that would allow a fully automatable identification of the best constraints for a given range of thermodynamic conditions and a required level of approximation. In this paper, we provide the first of two steps towards such algorithm based on the analysis of the degrees of disequilibrium (DoD) of chemical reactions in the underlying DKM. In any given DKM the number of rate-limiting kinetic bottlenecks is generally much smaller than the number of species in the model. As a result, the DoDs of all the chemical reactions effectively assemble into a small number of groups that bear the information of the rate-controlling constraints. The DoDs of all reactions in each group exhibit almost identical behaviour (time evolution, spatial dependence). Upon identification of these groups, the proposed kernel analysis of N matrices that are obtained from the stoichiometric coefficients yields the N constraints that effectively control the dynamics of the system. The method is demonstrated within the framework of modeling the expansion of products of the oxy-combustion of hydrogen through a quasi onedimensional supersonic nozzle. The analysis predicts and RCCE simulations confirm that, under the geometrical and boundary conditions considered, the underlying DKM is accurately represented by only two bottleneck kinetic mechanisms, instead of the three constraints identified for the same problem in a recently published work also based, in part, on DoD analysis.