Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vortices, shocks, and heating in the solar photosphere: effect of a magnetic field

Aims. We study the differences between non-magnetic and magnetic regions in the flow and thermal structure of the upper solar photosphere. Methods. Radiative MHD simulations representing a quiet region and a plage region, respectively, which extend into the layers around the temperature minimum, are analyzed. Results. The flow structure in the upper photospheric layers of the two simulations is considerably different: the non-magnetic simulation is dominated by a pattern of moving shock fronts while the magnetic simulation shows vertically extended vortices associated with magnetic flux concentrations. Both kinds of structures induce substantial local heating. The resulting average temperature profiles are characterized by a steep rise above the temperature minimum due to shock heating in the non-magnetic case and by a flat photospheric temperature gradient mainly caused by Ohmic dissipation in the magnetic run. Conclusions. Shocks in the quiet Sun and vortices in the strongly magnetized regions represent the dominant flow structures in the layers around the temperature minimum. They are closely connected with dissipation processes providing localized heating.
The tight correlation of CCH and c-C3H2 in diffuse and translucent clouds

Using the IRAM 30 m telescope we observed molecular absorption lines from CCH and c-C3H2 produced by diffuse and translucent clouds along the lines of sight towards massive star forming regions. The same sources are surveyed with Herschel/HIFI as part of the PRISMAS guaranteed time program, for molecular absorption lines due to hydrides and carbon clusters. The background sources are massive star-forming regions (G34.3 + 0.1, G10.62 − 0.39, W51, W49N )a nd SgrA ∗ . The line profiles of the CCH and c-C3H2 are strikingly similar for all lines of sight, showing that the ratio of the opacities of the probed transitions, (JKa,Kc = 21,2−10,1 )f or c-C 3H2 and (J = 1−0, F = 5/2−3/2) for CCH, is nearly constant along all lines of sight, at τ CCH ∼ 1.8 × τ c-C3H2 . As a consequence, the ratio of the column densities of CCH and c-C3H2 is nearly constant and similar to the value derived earlier for diffuse clouds detected along lines of sight towards extragalactic continuum sources, N(CCH) = (28 ± 1.4)N(c-C3H2) (Lucas & Liszt 2000 ,A A AV = 1−5 mag) but can neither fit the observed c-C3H2 column densities nor the tight correlation between CCH and c-C3H2.
Study of gold nanoparticle assisted neuron stimulation

The unique proprieties exhibited by nanoscale particles compared to their macro size counterparts allow for the creation of novel neural activity manipulation procedures. In this sense, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be used to stimulate the electrical activity of neuron by converting light into heat. During this dissertation, AuNPs are synthesized by the citrate reduction method, resulting in a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 16 nm and an absorbance peak of 530 nm. A system to control a 532 nm laser and measure the temperature variation was custom built from scratch specifically for this project. Temperature is then measured with recourse to a thermocouple and through changes in impedance. The built system had in consideration the necessities presented by in vivo tests. Trials were performed by measuring the temperature rise of colloidal AuNP solutions, having the temperature variation reached a maximum of approximately 18 oC relative to control trials; successfully showing that light is effectively transduced into heat when AuNPs are present. This novel approach enables an alternative to optogenetics, which require the animal to be genetically modified in order to allow neuron stimulation.
Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis of Interface Between Lead Frame and Molding Compound

Cyclic thermo-mechanical loading together with mismatch of elastic properties between the components can lead to fatigue crack growth at interfaces and finally to interfacial delamination, potentially resulting in malfunction of an integrated circuit (IC) at the end. This work aims for a methodology to characterize one of such interfaces. The overall intention is to integrate methods into virtually conducted DoEs (design-of-experiments) for the determination of most robust design of packages with respect to fatigue crack growth at lead frame molding compound interface. In this manner, a miniaturized sub-critical bending test (MSCB), first demonstrated by [1], was optimized and used to characterize the interface between lead frame (LF) and molding compound (MC). Interfacial fatigue crack growth was quantitatively determined on samples taken from production line. Experimental crack length is determined by compliance method and by help of finite element method. Finally, sub-critical strain energy release rate is determined by using numerical methods and then Paris-Erdogan curves at different temperatures are formed for the related interface. Later these sub-critical strain energy release rate values are used to forecast crack growth in IC Packages under temperature cycle tests in which initial crack is created by a separator.
Credit shocks and monetary policy in Brazil: a structural FAVAR approach

This paper investigates the implications of the credit channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in the case of Brazil, using a structural FAVAR (SFAVAR) approach. The term structural comes from the estimation strategy, which generates factors that have a clear economic interpretation. The results show that unexpected shocks in the proxies for the external nance premium and the bank balance sheet channel produce large and persistent uctuations in in ation and economic activity accounting for more than 30% of the error forecast variance of the latter in a three-year horizon. The central bank seems to incorporate developments in credit markets especially variations in credit spreads into its reaction function, as impulse-response exercises show the Selic rate is declining in response to wider credit spreads and a contraction in the volume of new loans. Counterfactual simulations also demonstrate that the credit channel ampli ed the economic contraction in Brazil during the acute phase of the global nancial crisis in the last quarter of 2008, thus gave an important impulse to the recovery period that followed.
Nutrient and Anti-Nutritional Composition of Crop Residues and Kitchen Wastes Fed to Small Ruminants in Choba, Port Harcourt

DOI: 10.15580/GJAS.2017. 2.032317044 The study was carried out to determine the nutrient composition, anti-nutritional factors and mineral content of crop residues and kitchen wastes fed to small ruminants in Choba and to ascertain the best crop residues and kitchen wastes suitable to these animals. The samples of crop residues and kitchen wastes commonly fed to small ruminants were collected from farms, home of farmers and restaurants around the study area. They were dried and analysed for moisture content, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, and ash and nitrogen free extract. The anti-nutritional factors (saponins, tannins and phytate) were checked and the mineral content (calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium) were also analysed. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results gotten showed that the nutrient composition, anti-nutritional factors and mineral content were significantly different (P<0.05). These crop residues and kitchen wastes (maize cob, vegetable residues, ripe plantain peels, cassava leaves, cassava peels, yam peels, cocoyam peels and banana peels) showed low levels of anti-nutrients within tolerable levels (3% for saponins and 2% for tannins) for small ruminants. Cowpea pod (4.85%), pineapple wastes (5.02%) and banana peels (3.00%) had tannin levels higher than the recommended 2% for small ruminants and as such need further processing to reduce their tannin levels. All the crop residues and kitchen wastes had adequate levels of minerals especially calcium and phosphorus and their nutrient compositions fell within the requirements for small ruminants. Therefore, these crop residues and kitchen wastes should be used for small ruminant feeding. Submitted: 23/03/2017 Accepted: 28/03/2017 Published: 04/04/2017
Towards Secure Data Exchange in Peer-to-Peer Data Management Systems

In a peer-to-peer data management system (P2PDMS) peers exchange data in a pair-wise fashion on-the-fly in response to user queries without any centralized control. When peers exchange highly confidential data over an insecure communication channel, the data might be intercepted and read by intruders. As there is no centraliz ed control for data exchange among peers in a P2PDMS, we cannot assume any central third party security infrastructure (e.g . PKI) to protect confidential data. This paper proposes a security protocol for data exchange in P2PDMSs based on pairing-based cryptography and data exchange policy. The protocol allows the peers to compute their secret session keys dynamically during data exchange session by computing a pairing on an elliptic curve, that is based on the policies between them. We show using a formal verification tool that th e proposed protocol is safe, and is robust against different attacks including man-in-the middle, the masquerade, and the reply. Furthermore, the computational and communication overhead of the protocol are analyzed.
Capturing Preferences Under Incomplete Scenarios Using Elicited Choice Probabilities

Manski (1999) proposed an approach for dealing with a particular form respondent uncertainty in discrete choice settings, particularly relevant in survey based research when the uncertainty stems from the incomplete description of the choice scenarios. Specifically, he suggests eliciting choice probabilities from respondents rather than their single choice of an alternative. A recent paper in IER by Blass et al. (2010) further develops the approach and presents the first empirical application. This paper extends the literature in a number of directions, examining the linkage between elicited choice probabilities and the more common discrete choice elicitation format. We also provide the first convergent validity test of the elicited choice probability format vis-\`a-vis the standard discrete choice format in a split sample experiment. Finally, we discuss the differences between welfare measures that can be derived from elicited choice probabilities versus those that can obtained from discrete choice responses.
INTELLIGENT MOBILE ENVIRONNEMENTS RECOVERY TECHNIQUES

Checkpointing is one of the commonly used techniques to provide fault tolerance in distributed systems so that the system can operate even if one or more components have failed. However, mobile computing systems are constrained by low bandwidth, mobility, lack of stable storage, frequent disconnections and limited battery life. Hence checkpointing protocols which have fewer checkpoints are preferred in mobile environment. Since MHs are prone to failure, so they have to transfer a large amount of checkpoint data and control information to its local MSS which increases bandwidth overhead. In this paper we propose a new soft checkpointing scheme for mobile computing systems. These soft checkpoints are saved locally in the host. Locally stored checkpoints do not consume network bandwidth and can be created in less time. Before disconnecting from the MSS, these soft checkpoints are converted to hard checkpoints and are sent MSSs stable storage. In this way, taking soft checkpoint avoids overhead transferring large amount of data to the stable storage MSSs.
OBT+Stat: Evaluation of a combined CG and statistical tagger

Proceedings of the NODALIDA 2011 Workshop Constraint Grammar Applications. Editors: Eckhard Bick, Kristin Hagen, Kaili Muurisep, Trond Trosterud. NEALT Proceedings Series, Vol. 14 (2011), 26–34. © 2011 The editors and contributors. Published by Northern European Association for Language Technology (NEALT) http://omilia.uio. no/nealt . Electronically published at Tartu University Library (Estonia) http://hdl.handle. net/10062/19231 .
W-band Millimeter Wave Artificial Magnetic Conductor realization by grounded Frequency Selective Surface

A W-band millimeter wave Artificial Magnetic C onductor (AMC) is realized by using a grounded Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) arra y of different dimensions of resonant slots. Unlike normal conductors, this new surface does not support propagating surface waves, and it reflects electromagnetic waves with no phase reversal. Geometrically it consists of slots on a metallic layer on top of metal backed Roger 4003C
Bank Stock Returns in Responding the Contribution of Fundamental and Macroeconomic Effects

This study attempts to examine the effect of financial fundamentals information using CAMELS ratios and macroeconomics variables surrogated by interest rate, exchange rate, and inflation rate toward stock return. By employing panel data analysis (Pooled Least Squared Model), the results reveal that several financial ratios perform a bit contrary to the theory, in which the ratio of CAR shows positive sign but insignificantly contributes to stock returns. Also, the ratio of NPL does not affect the return. In fact, ROE and LDR positively and significantly contribute toward banks’ stock return. Meanwhile, NIM and BOPO show negative signs. The other macroeconomic variables, interest rate (IR), exchange rate (ER) and inflation rate (INF) are consistent with the a priori expectation, in which those variables negatively and significantly contribute to stock return of 16 banks, for the observation period from 2002 to 2011 in the Indonesian banking sector.
Servitization and Competitive Advantage: The Importance of Organizational Structure and Value Chain Position

OVERVIEW: Servitization represents a business-model change and organizational transformation from selling goods to selling an integrated combination of goods and services. Competitive advantage is one outcome of this shift. During servitization, companies follow stages to realize services as an opportunity to differentiate from goods and achieve higher customer satisfaction. This study analyzes this transition from base, intermediate, and advanced services by presenting results from 102 senior executives in multinational companies. Our results suggest increasing interest in service-led strategies in manufacturing companies. The results also show that increasing differentiation and high customer satisfaction are fundamental to achieving competitive advantage and superior performance with services. The analysis also indicates the importance of a company's position in the value chain and the organizational structure it selects to support services in successful servitization.
Virtual Inductance Control Strategy for Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Generator During Grid Voltage Dips

The Brushless Doubly-fed Induction Generator (BDFIG) has potential in Wind Power generation due to its absence of brush and slip rings compared to the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). To promote its commercialization process, the BDFIG is required to be able to ride through the grid voltage dips. An improved control strategy using virtual inductance is proposed to reduce the overcurrent caused by grid faults. Theoretical analysis is given to calculate the value of virtual inductance and the utility of the proposed control scheme has been verified by experiment.
Periodic mass-bleaching and elevated sea temperatures: bleaching of outer reef slope communities in Moorea, French Polynesia

Mass-bleaching events (in which corals and other symbiotic invertebrates lose their zooxanthellae) have been occurring every 3 to 4 yr since 1979. The last report of widespread mass-bleaching in the Pacific (which included bleaching around French Polynesia) was in February-April 1991. This paper reports on mass-bleaching along the outer reef slope of Moorea, French Polynesia, in April 1994. Mass-bleaching was extensive at all sites visited, with corals being bleached down to 25 m. Colour loss by corals was due to low areal densities of zooxanthellae and the percentage of live coral affected ranged between 39.6 (+/- 7.12, SEM) (NW sites) and 72.4 (+/- 7.11, SEM) (NE sites). Bleaching also varied as a function of depth and included a wide range of species. Acropora spp. showed the most severe bleaching (89.0 to 100 % of all colonies completely bleached) and Porites spp. showed the least amount of bleaching (12.9 to 42.5% of all colonies partly bleached). Pocillopora spp. showed intermediate bleaching (73.9 to 92.1% of all colonies either partly or completely bleached). The results of this report indicate that current bleaching is on a scale equal to that of the 1991 bleaching event. Temperatures recorded hourly at 14 m off the outer reef slope from July 1991 to August 1994 (and those from satellite sea surface temperature readings) indicate unusually warm sea temperatures in March 1994, which were approximately 1.0 degrees C higher than the highest temperatures recorded in 1992 and 1993, years in which bleaching on a massive scale did not occur. The appearance of warmer temperatures preceded the onset of bleaching by 2 to 3 wk, which strongly confirms the hypothesis that positive thermal anomalies are responsible for recent bleaching events in the Central and Western Pacific.
Minimax Lower Bounds and Hypothesis Testing

In this course we have developed corresponding non-asymptotic tools for the case when n is finite. In fact, much of this course was about showing how non-asymptotic tools are essential both for establishing upper bounds on the rate of convergence of algorithms and for designing algorithms (e.g., UCB). In particular, we developed non-asymptotic uniform Laws of Large Numbers and concentration inequalities for functions of many random variables which lead, respectively, to notions of complexity to bound the expected (uniform) generalization error of the empirical risk minimization rule and to establish confidence intervals that captures the behavior of algorithms with high probability.
Replacement value of soybean meal with rapeseed meal supplemented with or without a dietary NSP degrading enzyme on performance and thyroid hormones of broiler chickens

In a completely randomized design with 3*3 factorial arrangements and 4 replicates, 432 day-old Cobb male broiler chickens were used to evaluate the replacement of soybean meal with local grown rapeseed meal in the diet of broiler chickens with or without a dietary NSP degrading enzyme. The rapeseed meal was replaced with soybean meal at the levels of 0 (control), 15 and 30 percent for 6 weeks. The enzyme levels added to the diets were 0 (control), 0.025% and 0.050%. Feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were adversely affected by added levels of rapeseed meal during the starter (0-21 d), grower (21-42 d) and overall feeding periods (P<0.0001). Adding 0.025% enzyme significantly (0.004) improved body weight gain at starter period. The interactions between rapeseed and enzyme for body weight gain were significant in all periods (P<0.001). Feed conversion ratio was not significantly affected by adding enzyme into the diets. Added levels of rapeseed meal significantly increased the weights of liver, proventriculus, gizzard (P<0.0001) and abdominal fat pad (P<0.028). Adding levels of rapeseed meal were also significantly increased the concentration of serum triiodothyronine (T ) at 42 days of age (P<0.002) while adding enzyme 3 into the diets had no significant effect among treatments . Therefore under the conditions of this study, use of lower levels of rapeseed meal might be more practical in broiler diets. For higher levels of replacement, further investigations are required.
EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON THE WELD QUALITY IN LASER WELDING OF AZ 31 B MAGNESIUM ALLOY IN LAP JOINT CONFIGURATION 1803

Magnesium is the lightest structural metal; therefore it has been used in a variety of industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics and defense. Among different joining processes, laser welding is advantageous due to its low heat input, high depth-towidth weld ratio and good mechanical properties. In this study, a fiber laser is used to weld AZ31B magnesium alloy in a lap joint configuration. Pores were formed in the weld bead that are caused by a thick oxide layer existing on the surface of asreceived AZ31B samples. Process parameters including laser power and welding speed are studied to determine their effects on pore formation and maximum lap-shear load of the weld bead. Hardness and tensile tests are carried out to reveal the mechanical properties of the weld bead. A regression analysis is performed that establishes a mathematical relation between the process parameters and the weld maximum lap-shear load. Three regression models are compared in order to determine their accuracy in prediction of the maximum lap-shear load and results revealed that the linear model could best predict the maximum lap-shear load by process parameters.
Non-local bias in the halo bispectrum with primordial non-Gaussianity

Primordial non-Gaussianity can lead to a scale-dependent bias in the density of collapsed halos relative to the underlying matter density. The galaxy power spectrum already provides constraints on local-type primordial non-Gaussianity complementary those from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), while the bispectrum contains additional shape information and has the potential to outperform CMB constraints in future. We develop the bias model for the halo density contrast in the presence of local-type primordial non-Gaussianity, deriving a bivariate expansion up to second order in terms of the local linear matter density contrast and the local gravitational potential in Lagrangian coordinates. Nonlinear evolution of the matter density introduces a non-local tidal term in the halo model. Furthermore, the presence of local-type non-Gaussianity in the Lagrangian frame leads to a novel non-local convective term in the Eulerian frame, that is proportional to the displacement field when going beyond the spherical collapse approximation. We use an extended Press-Schechter approach to evaluate the halo mass function and thus the halo bispectrum. We show that including these non-local terms in the halo bispectra can lead to corrections of up to 25% for some configurations, on large scales or at high redshift.