Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alkaloids and Palatability of Phalaris arundinacea L. Grown in Diverse Environments1

We grew 15 clones of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) of varying palatability in Indiana and Minnesota and nine clones in Pennsylvania and Alaska over a 2-year period to determine whether diverse environments would influence alkaloid type, alkaloid concentration, and palatability. We also determined the repeatability of a previously-established correlation between palatability and total basic alkaloids in reed canary. Major alkaloid types and relative total basic alkaloid concentrations of clones were very repeatable among locations, even though heat units and daylength varied greatly. Of the nine clones grown in all 11 environments, three always contained gramine (3-dimethylaminomethyl-indole), two contained N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and four contained 5-methoxy-N,N.dimethyltryptamine. Total basic alkaloid concentrations of clones were highly correlated (r = 0.90 or higher) between all combinations of environments. Palatability ratings of clones grazed by sheep were highly correlated between Minnesota and Indiana (r = 0.91 or 0.96) and between harvests within locations (r = 0.97 or 0.99). Therefore, palatability was a function of plant rather than of animal differences. Total alkaloid concentrations and palatability ratings of clones were highly correlated (r = 0.87 to 0.94) when palatability was rated on a scale of 1 (completely consumed) to 10 (completely rejected). These results confirmed previous findings and substantiated the conclusion that determination of total alkaloids is a valid method of screening for palatability in reed canary.
TEMPORAL STABILITY IN THE INDIVIDUAL FEATURES IN THE CALLS OF EAGLE OWLS (BUBO BUBO)

La plupart des etudes concernant les signatures acoustiques individuelles chez les oiseaux sont conduites a partir d'enregistrements effectues sur une courte periode de temps (quelques heures ou quelques jours). Cependant, chez les oiseaux longevifs, l'utilisation de signatures individuelles peut etre impliquee sur une longue periode de plusieurs annees dans un contexte social ou dans la recherche d'un partenaire. Or, la variabilite des signaux au cours du temps est peu connue. Au cours de ce travail mene sur les signaux acoustiques emis par une espece longevive, le Hibou grand duc (Bubo bubo), je cherche (1) a determiner la presence de caracteristiques individuelles dans les signaux acoustiques emis par cette espece et (2) a preciser la variabilite de ces structures dans le temps. Deux jeux d'enregistrements ont ete soumis a une analyse physique et statistique detaillee. L'analyse de 116 chants produits par 9 oiseaux sauvages enregistres pendant quelques heures revele une variabilite inter-individuelle bien superieure a la variabilite intra-individuelle pour toutes les structures etudiees. Puis une analyse des signaux produits par 5 oiseaux captifs enregistres a un an d'intervalle prouve que les chants de chaque individu restent semblables d'une annee a l'autre. Une analyse discriminante par resubstitution demontre clairement qu'un oiseau peut etre identifie d'une annee sur l'autre grâce aux caracteristiques de son chant. Le role biologique de ces signatures acoustiques, fixes dans le temps, est discute. De plus, ces structures permettent d'effectuer un veritable baguage acoustique des individus.
Protocatechuic acid inhibits proliferation, migration and inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic joint inflammatory disease that is closely associated with dysregulation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic compound of anthocyanins, has been proven to possess anti-inflammatory activity. However, the role of PCA in RA has not been investigated. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of PCA on the RA-FLSs. The results showed that PCA suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of RA-FLSs in a dose-dependent manner. PCA treatment also inhibited the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-13, as well as the secretion of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in RA-FLSs. Moreover, cell apoptosis of RA-FLSs was significantly induced by PCA treatment. PCA was found to repress the activation of NF-κB signalling, which was evidenced by the decreased expression of p-p65 and increased expression of IκBα. Furthermore, PCA significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR in RA-FLSs. In conclusion, the results indicated that PCA exhibited an inhibitory effect on RA-FLSs via inhibiting the NF-κB and Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. These findings supported the concept that PCA might be a therapeutic agent for RA treatment.
Turbidity and temperature patterns in a reservoir and its primary tributary from robotic monitoring: Implications for managing the quality of withdrawals

Abstract A robotic water quality monitoring network, consisting of 2 in-reservoir profiling platforms and a unit positioned in the primary tributary, was used to document patterns of temperature (T) and turbidity (Tn) and the impact of runoff events on Tn levels over the spring to fall interval of 3 years. The patterns were evaluated in the context of water quality goals for T and Tn for reservoir withdrawal and potential benefits of specified management alternatives. Exceedences of a proposed withdrawal T goal of 21.1 °C (70 °F) and a conservative representation of the Tn goal of 15 NTU were demonstrated. The exceedences occurred in late summer during intervals of extensive drawdown for T and irregularly following runoff events for Tn. Conspicuous increases in Tn in the tributary and lacustrine portions of the reservoir were demonstrated in response to all monitored runoff events (n = 34). Lacustrine levels exceeded 75 NTU following several major events. The turbidity load from the tributary usually enters the reservoir as a turbid density current during runoff events, at a depth predicted well by stream temperature. The high frequency and vertical resolution attributes of the robotic monitoring (2 profiles per day for reservoir deployments) were invaluable in resolving impacts because these were usually attenuated within a week following events. The diminishment of reservoir Tn levels following events was demonstrated to be well represented by a first-order loss rate. The loss rate for the largest runoff event of the study (return interval ~25 y) was more than an order of magnitude lower than any other, indicating a difference in settling attributes of turbidity-causing particles for this extreme case. Benefits from a shift to delayed withdrawals for the existing intake, or installation of a multi-level intake facility, for improving status with respect to the water quality goals are suggested from the monitoring data. However, continuously meeting the Tn goals for particularly severe events may not be feasible through these approaches.
Regulatory T cells promote adipocyte beiging in subcutaneous adipose tissue

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play essential roles in obesity and diabetes. Here, we report a role of Tregs in enhancing β3‐adrenergic receptor agonist CL316243 (CL)‐stimulated thermogenic program in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), but not in visceral fat. CL treatment for 7 days increased SAT adipocyte beiging and thermogenic gene expression in male or female mice. Adoptive transfer of Tregs enhanced this CL activity. Such Treg activity lost in male epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and female gonadal gWAT. Adipocyte culture yielded the same conclusion. Tregs enhanced the expression of CL‐induced thermogenic genes in SAT from male and female mice. This activity of Tregs reduced or disappeared in adipocytes from eWAT or gWAT. Both CL and Tregs induced much higher UCP‐1 (uncoupling protein‐1) expression in SAT from females than that from males. A mechanistic study demonstrated a role of Tregs in suppressing the expression of M1 macrophage markers (Tnfa, Il6, iNos, Ip10) and promoting the expression of M2 macrophage markers (Mrc1, Arg1, Il10) in bone‐marrow‐derived macrophages or in SAT from male or female mice. In female mice with pre‐established obesity, Treg adoptive transfer reduced the gWAT weight in 2 weeks. Together with CL treatment, Treg adoptive transfer reduced the SAT weight and further improved CL‐induced glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in female obese mice, but did not affect CL‐induced body weight loss in male or female obese mice. This study revealed a predominant role of Tregs in female mice in promoting adipocyte beiging and thermogenesis in SAT, in part by slanting M2 macrophage polarization.
Transient Analysis of Te-Plane Wave Reflection From a Layered Medium

—Transient scattering of plane electromagnetic waves from a lossy layered medium for TE polarization is studied. The frequency-domain reflection coefficient is expanded as an infinite series of multiple reflections, and the time response of each term in the series is found using an analytical inverse Fourier transform. This requires that the transient interfacial reflection coefficients be found, and the impulse response formulas thereby obtained are believed to be the most general forms available. The theoretical results are validated by comparison to both a numerical inverse Fourier transform and to direct time-domain measurements.
Removal of Black Drum on Louisiana Reefs to Increase Survival of Eastern Oysters Crassostrea virginica

Abstract Black drum Pogonias cromis are large, molluscivorous fish that severely limit the abundance of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica in the northern Gulf of Mexico. In field experiments, we tested two fish removal methods—baited trot lines and gill nets—near commercial oyster leases to determine whether the removal of black drum would increase eastern oyster survival. Both methods removed fish and increased oyster survival in the spring but not in the fall, when little mortality occurred. The numbers and biomass of black drum caught varied with gear type: 10-cm (bar mesh) gill nets landed the most fish, while trot lines and 10-cm gill nets were equally effective in landing the greatest biomass. Eastern oysters were more common in the diet of black drum in the spring than in the fall and increased in importance with fish size. Fish of 70–75 cm (standard length) had the greatest impact on oyster production. These fish can be removed most effectively with 12.5-cm gill nets, though trot lines are pre.
Photoproducts and Metabolites of a Common Insect Growth Regulator Produce Developmental Deformities in Xenopus

In the past decade, numerous sights across North America have been found which contain abnormal levels of deformed amphibians. This deformation was not limited to species, geography, or climate and spanned a wide range of phenotypes. This report begins to explain these findings by examining the effects of pesticide degradation in early amphibian development through directly exposing Xenopus laevis embryos to trace levels of synthetically prepared degradates. This method specifically determines the risk posed by each individual chemical resulting from the natural fate of the host pesticide. Through this approach, we find that while the common insect growth regulator, S-methoprene, poses minimal developmental determent, products of its reaction with sunlight, water, and microorganisms dramatically interfere with normal amphibian development. The addition of 1 μL/L of several of S-methoprene's degradates to the environment of developing embryos resulted in juveniles with deformation similar to that found nat.
Composition, Antimycotic and Antibacterial Activity of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Essential Oil from Iran

Abstract The essential oil components of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. from Iran were isolated via hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty seven components were identified in the essential oil of the plant. The main compounds consisted of pulegone (44.5 %), terpineol (14.5%) methyl acetate (10.9%), iso-neomenthol (7.1%) and 1, 8-cineole (4.1%). Antifungal and antimicrobial acitivities of different concentrations of the essential oil of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. was also evaluated. The antifungal tests were conducted by a poisoned food technique against the filamentous fungi (Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichoderma reesei and Microsporum gypseum). antimicrobial tests were carried out against four Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumonia) and one Gram positive pathogen (Staphyloccocus aureus) using a microdilution assay. The essential oil was found to be fungicidal at >1 μl/ml against T. rubrum and M. gypseum. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the oil against Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Kleb-siella pneumonia were found to be 0.003, 0.033, 0.033, 0.067 and 0.067 % (v/v) respectively.
SYMPOSIUM I

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Emerging evidence indicates that PPAR gamma (PPARγ) regulates gene expression and function within several cellular compartments of the lung. This symposium will emphasize the therapeutic implications of these findings for seemingly diverse types of lung disease and clarify current understanding of the basic molecular and biochemical mechanisms by which PPARγ participates in lung cell biology.
SULFUR AND THE TOXICITY OF THE RED ALGA CERAMIUM RUBRUM TO BACILLUS SUBTILIS 1, 2

Crystalline sulfur has been isolated from the red seaweed Ceramium rubrum and shown to be responsible for the toxicity of this alga to the growth of Bacillus subtilis. This alga was unusual in that it contained a much higher free sulfur content than other red and brown algae tested.
Do SiNx coatings bear the potential to reduce the risk of micromotion in modular taper junctions?

Fretting corrosion is one contributor to the clinical failure of modular joint arthroplasty. It is initiated by micromotion in metal junctions exposed to fluids. Omitting metal-on-metal contacts could help to reduce the corrosion risk. The coating of one metal taper partner with a ceramic-based silicon nitride (SiNx) coating might provide this separation. The aim of the study was to identify whether a SiNx coating of the male taper component influences the micromotion within a taper junction. Hip prosthesis heads made of CoCr29Mo6 (Aesculap) and Ti6Al4V (Peter Brehm) were assembled (2000 N) to SiNx-coated and uncoated stem tapers made of Ti6Al4V and CoCr29Mo6 (2×2×2 combinations, each n = 4). Consecutive sinusoidal loading representing three daily activities was applied. Contactless relative motion in six degrees of freedom was measured using six eddy-current sensors. Micromotion in the junction was determined by compensating for the elastic deformation derived from additional monoblock measurements. After pull-off, the taper surfaces were microscopically inspected. Micromotion magnitude reached up to 8.4 ± 0.8 µm during loading that represented stumbling. Ti6Al4V stems showed significantly higher micromotion than those made of CoCr29Mo6, while taper coating had no influence. Statistical differences in pull-off forces were found for none of the taper junctions. Microscopy revealed CoCr29Mo6 abrasion from the head taper surface if combined with coated stem tapers. Higher micromotion of Ti6Al4V tapers was probably caused by the lower Young’s modulus. Even in the contact areas, the coating was not damaged during loading. The mechanics of coated tapers was similar to uncoated prostheses. Thus, the separation of the two metal surfaces with the objective to reduce in vivo corrosion appears to be achievable if the coating is able to withstand in vivo conditions. However, the hard ceramic-based stem coating lead to undesirable debris from the CoCr29Mo6 heads during loading.
Oral cavity lesions as a manifestation of the novel virus (COVID-19): a letter-to-editor.

In early December 2019, the acute respiratory illness began in the Wuhan, China, which quickly spread around the world, that today known as COVID-19. (Sun, Qie, Liu, Ren, & Xi, 2020) Preliminary studies have shown that hospitalized patients have different symptoms, including myalgia, whooping cough, fatigue, and dyspnea and gastrointestinal complains. (Guo et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020) In more recent studies, skin manifestations have also been reported in covid-19 patients.
Uptake of Bt‐toxin by herbivores feeding on transgenic maize and consequences for the predator Chrysoperla carnea

Abstract 1. Chrysoperla carnea is an important predatory insect in maize. To assess the ecological effects of Bt‐maize, expressing the Cry1Ab protein, on larvae of this predator, the following factors were examined: (1) the performance of three prey herbivores (Rhopalosiphum padi, Tetranychus urticae, and Spodoptera littoralis) on transgenic Bt and non‐transgenic maize plants; (2) the intake of the Cry1Ab toxin by the three herbivores; and (3) the effects on C. carnea when fed each of the prey species.
Anodal and cathodal tDCS modulate neural activity and selectively affect GABA and glutamate syntheses in the visual cortex of cats

The present study showed that anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can respectively increase and decrease the amplitude of visually evoked field potentials in the stimulated visual cortex of cats, with the effect lasting for ∼60–70 min. We directly measured tDCS‐induced changes in the concentration of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the visual cortex using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method and showed that anodal and cathodal tDCS can selectively decrease the concentration of GABA and glutamate in the stimulated cortical area. Anodal and cathodal tDCS can selectively inhibit the synthesis of GABA and glutamate by suppressing the expression of GABA‐ and glutamate‐synthesizing enzymes, respectively.
Incisor microwear and feeding behavior in Alouatta seniculus and Cebus olivaceus

Dental microwear features on the labial surfaces of maxillary central incisors of wild‐shot museum specimens of Cebus olivaceus (n = 11) and Alouatta seniculus (n = 7) were examined at 200 × by polarized light microscopy. While wear scratch orientation patterns do not differ between the two samples, Cebus has a significantly higher density of wear features, and displays scratches that extend further cervically. Preliminary observations (n = 50 hours) on anterior tooth use in these species at Hato Masaguaral, in the Llanos of Venezuela, provide suggestions regarding how foraging patterns reported in the literature relate to these microwear differences. Cebus uses its front teeth more frequently in the manipulation of a greater variety of objects than does Alouatta.
Changes in organic matter and pH in a podzolic soil as influenced by subterranean clover and superphosphate

A further investigation has been made on soils examined by Donald and Williams (1955) in a survey of the influence of superphosphate and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) on podzolic soils formed on granodiorite in the Crookwell district of New South Wales. The soil organic matter was found to have approximately constant proportions of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus in the ratio 155 : 10 : 1.4 : 0.68, and it is suggested that the rate of build-up of soil organic matter under the clover pastures may have been limited by the amounts of sulphur supplied in the superphosphate top-dressings. The soil organic matter was found to have a cation-exchange capacity a t pH 7.0 of about 220 m-equiv. /100 g, and increases in soil organic matter have led to substantial increases in the cation-exchange capacity of the soil. About 75 per cent. of the total cation-exchange capacity of the unimproved soils was due to organic matter while, in the most improved soils, this figure approached 90 per cent. The increases in cation-exchange capacity included increases in exchangeable hydrogen and were accompanied by decreases in soil pH. There were increases equivalent to 6.5 lb of exchangeable potassium, 25.5 Ib of exchangeable calcium, and 5.2 lb of exchangeable magnesium per acre in the surface 4 in. of soil for each hundredweight of superphosphate applied per acre. Increases in soil organic matter also resulted in increases in the field capacity which may reflect improvements in soil structure. Results indicate that heavier rates of superphosphate application would increase the rate of fertility build-up.
Estimating neonatal herpes simplex virus incidence and mortality using capture-recapture, Florida.

BACKGROUND Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection (nHSV) leads to severe morbidity and mortality, but national incidence is uncertain. Florida regulations require that healthcare providers report cases, and clinical laboratories report test results when herpes simplex virus (HSV) is detected. We estimated nHSV incidence using laboratory-confirmed provider-reported cases and electronic laboratory reports (ELR) stored separately from provider-reported cases. Mortality was estimated using provider-reported cases, ELR, and vital statistics death records. METHODS For 2011-2017, we reviewed: provider-reported cases (infants <60 days of age with HSV infection confirmed by culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)), ELR of HSV-positive culture or PCR results in the same age group, and death certificates containing International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, codes for herpes infection: P35.2, B00.0-B00.9, and A60.0-A60.9. Provider-reported cases were matched against ELR reports. Death certificates were matched with provider and ELR reports. Chapman's capture-recapture method was used to estimate nHSV incidence and mortality. Mortality from all three sources was estimated using log-linear modelling. RESULTS Providers reported 114 nHSV cases and ELR identified 197 nHSV cases. Forty-six cases were common to both datasets, leaving 265 unique nHSV reports. Chapman's estimate suggests 483 (95% C.I. 383-634) nHSV cases occurred (31.5 infections per 100,000 live births). nHSV deaths were reported by providers (n=9), ELR (n=18), and vital statistics (n=31), totaling 34 unique reports. Log-linear modeling estimates 35.8 fatal cases occurred (95% CI 34-40). CONCLUSIONS Chapman's estimates using data collected over 7 years in Florida, conclude nHSV infections occurred at a rate of 1 per 3000 live births.
Layers of affect: the liminal sites of method

ABSTRACT Recent moves to (re)incorporate the registers of affect and emotion into the discipline of International Relations have been spearheaded within the study of security. Across airports, borders, and urban spaces, we have seen the lines of control by which certain affects and emotions are orientated and manipulated, in order to (dis)aggregate and discipline bodies. However, while there is a concerted effort to imagine and foreground theoretically how bodies have the dual capacity to affect and to be affected, thus, playing back into forms of control, a clear delineation on method is, so far, absent. In other words, how exactly can we juggle uncovering the ways in which affect and emotion are always simultaneously obedient and deviant? Therefore, this article will set out a methodological framework that enables research to stay attuned to, and cognisant of, the competing layers of these registers that both play into and rupture mechanisms of control in security. I argue that imagining fieldwork and research on affect and emotion as liminal sites, through three layers, allows for the translation of the control of and by affect, while simultaneously embracing the liveliness, disruption, and tensions that affect and emotion create.