Frequency of Multidrug-Resistant, Extensively Drug-Resistant, and Pandrug-Resistant Phenotypes among Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

CITATION LINKS A R T I C L E I N F O Article Type Original Research Authors Shahrbanoo Sadat Sadat, MSc1 Ania Ahani Azari, PhD1* How to cite this article Sadat S.S. , Ahani Azari A. Frequency of Multidrug-Resistant, Extensively Drug-Resistant, and Pandrug-Resistant Phenotypes among Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology. 2020;6(4): 269-275 1 Department of Microbiology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran. * Correspondence Address: Department of Microbiology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran ania_783@yahoo.com Article History Received: July 05 ,2020 Accepted: September 15 ,2020 Published: November 19 ,2020 [1] Gurung R, Maharja P, Chhetri G. Antibiotic resistance pattern of . [2] Donkor E, Dayie N, Tette E. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in . [3] Rahimi F, Bouzari M, Katouli M, Pourshafie MR. Antibiotic resistance pattern of. [4] Basak S, Singh P, Rajurkar M. Multidrugresistant and extensively drug resistant . [5] Saba C, Amenyona J, Kpordze S. Prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance of . [6] Garoy E, Gebreab Y, Achila O, Tekeste D, Kesete R, Ghirmay R, et al. Methicillin-resistant. [7] Sabir N, Hussain W, Ahmed A, Zaman G, Ali Mirza I, Ikram A. Burden of multidrug-resistant, extensively. [8] Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively. [9] Jafari-Sales A, Farhadi F, Ezdiyadi M, Tarbiat-Nazloo D. Study of antibiotic resistance pattern in. [10] Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. M02: Performance standards for. [11] Datta P, Gulati N, Singla N, Rani Vasdeva H, Bala K, Chander J, et al. Evaluation of various methods for. [12] Hasannejad-Bibalan M, Mojtahedi A, Biglari H, Halaji M, Sedigh EbrahimSaraie H. Antibacterial activity of tedizolid, a novel oxazolidinone against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus: A systematic review and . [13] Nourbakhsh F, Momtaz H. Detection of antibiotic resistance patterns in. [14] Mir M, Kordi J, Rashki Ghalehnoo Z, Tadjrobehkar O, Vaez H. Nasal carriage and antibiotic resistance. [15] Kavusi M, Nemati Mansour F, Mahdion M. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in. [16] Dibah S, Arzanlou M, Jannati E, Shapouri R. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of. [17] Karimi M, Nasr Esfahani B, Halaji M, Shahin M, Mobasherizadeh S, Havaei SR, et al. Molecular. [18] Hussein N, Salih R , Rasheed N. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals and community in. [19] Havaei S A, Halaji M, Vidovic S, R. Dillon J, Karbalaei M, et al. Prevalence and Genotyping of. [20] Kot B, Wierzchowska K, Piechota M, Grużewska A. Antimicrobial resistance patterns in. [21] Eshetu S, Bitew A, Getachew T, Abera D, Gizaw S. Multi-drug resistance profile of bacteria isolated from blood stream infection at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis. [22] Okwu M, Olley M, Akpoka A, Izevbuwa O. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and anti-MRSA activities of extracts of some medicinal. Background: In recent years, the widespread prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus strains and the increase in the number of Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) and Pandrug-Resistant (PDR) phenotypes amongst S. aureus strains have become one of the greatest challenges. This study aimed to determine the incidence of MDR, XDR, and PDR phenotypes in S. aureus strains in a teaching hospital in Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran. Materials & Methods: Clinical samples of blood, urine, wound, and sputum were collected from all hospitalized patients during April to June 2019. S. aureus strains were identified using conventional biochemical methods, and antibiotic susceptibility assessment was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Findings: A total of 73 isolates were identified as S. aureus. The majority of S. aureus isolates were collected from wound specimens (31 out of 73). Most of the isolates were recovered from internal ward (35 out of 73), followed by intensive care unit (ICU) (16 out of 73). The highest susceptibility was observed to glycopeptides category (100%), and the lowest susceptibility was observed to erythromycin (54.7%), followed by cefoxitin (49.3%). Out of the 73 isolates, 32 (43.8%) were found to be methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. Among MRSA isolates, 96.8 and 12.5% were MDR and XDR, respectively. All of the MRSA isolates, were susceptible to vancomycin. No PDR phenotype was observed among the isolates as all of them were sensitive to vancomycin (100%). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the highest and lowest antibiotic resistance was observed against erythromycin and vancomycin, respectively, which is consistent with similar studies conducted in the country. Therefore, these antibiotics should not be used in the empirical therapy of S. aureus infections.