Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ects of light on non-visual brain functions 21

Light exposure is the major environmental factor regulating sleep and wakefulness Light is necessary for image formation by the visual system, but is also essential for the regulation of numerous non-imageforming functions [1, 2]. Light is responsible for the synchronization of circadian rhythms to the external world and is able to alter the timing of these rhythms. Circadian rhythmicity is present in many processes, most notably in thermoregulation, endocrine and cardiovascular functions, sleep, alertness, and cognitive abilities. Light indirectly affects all these aspects in the long term, through its impact on circadian rhythms. Lack of light has also a negative impact on mood and repeated daily exposure to light is recommended as a therapy in seasonal affective disorders. These effects on mood, are possibly mediated through an impact on circadian rhythmicity [3]. In addition to these long-term effects, light also evokes strong and acute alterations in alertness, sleep propensity, attention, cognitive performance, cognitive brain function, body temperature, heart rate, melatonin and cortisol secretion, gene expression, and pupil constriction [1, 2, 4, 5]. Since most of the long-term and acute non-image-forming impacts of light either directly or indirectly affect the quality of sleep and wakefulness, light exposure emerges as a powerful environmental factor regulating our 24-h lives (Figure 21.1). Analyses of the effects of light on cognition showed that the effects on performance are acute and encompass executive processes, such as inhibition, shifting and updating, memory processes, including working memory and long-term memory, and attention. Thus light has a broad impact on major aspects of cognition associated with wakefulness [1, 5–9] Light exposure during wakefulness has also been reported to acutely reduce electroencephalogram (EEG) delta, theta, and alpha activity as well as slow eye movements, which are all correlates of sleepiness and attention deficits [5, 9, 10]. This provides a first indication of themechanisms involved in the effects of light on non-image-forming brain functions. In this chapter, we will describe the physiological bases of the impact of light on non-image-forming functions before summarizing recent neuroimaging investigations that substantially increased our understanding of the brain mechanisms involved. The data show that light has a widespread impact on many brain functions and that this effect depends on the brain region and the ongoing process considered as well as on the duration and intensity of the light exposure, and time of day. The effects of light are also modulated by the health status and genotype of the participants.
Hybrid space-frequency domain pre-equalization for DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based imaging multiple-input multiple-output visible light communication systems

Abstract. We propose a hybrid space-frequency domain pre-equalization technique for indoor multiple-input multiple-output visible light communication (MIMO-VLC) systems using DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with an imaging receiver. The proposed hybrid space-frequency domain pre-equalization is jointly performed in both space and frequency domains for the purpose of achieving comparable signal-to-noise ratio performances of different channels in an imaging MIMO-VLC system. It is shown by the simulation results that a four-channel imaging MIMO-VLC system with a raw data rate of 1.2 Gb/s using hybrid space-frequency domain pre-equalization achieves significantly improved bit error rate performance than the system using only frequency domain pre-equalization, resulting in up to 52.6% improvement in communication coverage area at a target BER of 10–3.
Network traffic clustering and geographic visualization

NETWORK TRAFFIC CLUSTERING AND GEOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATION by Ali Hushyar The exploration and analysis of large databases of information are an everchallenging task as digital data acquisition continues to progress. The discipline of data mining has often been employed to extract structure and patterns from the underlying dataset. In addition, new research in the field of information visualization is being applied to the same challenge. Visual models engage the invaluable pattern processing abilities of the human brain which leads to new areas of insight otherwise undetected. This research applies the benefits of both data mining and information visualization to the specific problem of traffic analysis on computer networks. This is an important issue as it relates to the ability to understand diverse behavior on the network and provide many fundamental services. For example, distinct traffic classifications and associated traffic volumes facilitate capacity-planning initiatives. Furthermore, accurate categorization of network traffic can be leveraged by quality of service offerings and, at the same time, lend itself to efficient security analysis. In this research, an example of a data processing pipeline is described that incorporates both data mining and visualization techniques to cluster network flows and project the traffic records on a geographic display.
Abstract for an Invited Paper for the DPP06 Meeting of The American Physical Society Dynamics and control of the expansion of finite-size plasmas produced in ultraintense laser-matter interactions

for an Invited Paper for the DPP06 Meeting of The American Physical Society Dynamics and control of the expansion of finite-size plasmas produced in ultraintense laser-matter interactions FABIO PEANO, GoLP/Centro de Fisica dos Plasmas, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisboa, Portugal and Dipartimento di Energetica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy The expansion dynamics of nanometer-sized plasmas is a key issue for applications involving the interaction of ultraintense infrared laser pulses with cluster jets [1], or the irradiation of biological samples with ultraintense x-ray pulses, for biomolecular imaging purposes [2]. Typically, these scenarios involve the prompt formation and expansion of dense plasmas, composed of cold ions and hot electrons. Control over the expansion can be achieved by exploiting the role of the electron dynamics: in particular, using suitable sequences of laser pulses, one can tailor the phase-space dynamics of the ions [3]. This provides the ability to generate large-scale shock shells [4], and opens the way towards intracluster fusion reactions within large D or D-T clusters [3]. Such new possibilities urge the need for a deeper comprehension of the expansion process, in regimes far from that of a pure Coulomb explosion. To this end, a novel Lagrangian model is used, which provides a self-consistent, kinetic description of the collisionless expansion of spherical nanoplasmas: simple relationships are deduced for the key expansion features, valid for a wide range of initial conditions [5], and a threshold in the electron energy is identified, beyond which the energy spectrum becomes monotonic and the Coulomb explosion regime is approached. [1] T. Ditmire et al., Nature 386, 54 (1997); T. Ditmire et al., Nature 398, 489 (1999). [2] R. Neutze et al., Nature 406, 752 (2000); H. Wabnitz et al., Nature 420, 482 (2002). [3] F. Peano et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 033401 (2005); Phys. Rev. A, 73 , 053202 (2006). [4] A. E. Kaplan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 143401 (2003) [5] F. Peano et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 175002 (2006).
The abundance, distribution, and diversity of ichthyoplankton in the Puget Sound estuary and San Juan Islands during early spring

The abundance, distribution, and diversity of ichthyoplankton were examined from five stations during early spring 2007 in Puget Sound, Hood Canal, and San Juan Islands, collected using a 60 cm bongo net. Twenty-six taxa representing fourteen families were collected. Species diversity was calculated for each station using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’). The highest diversity was found near the San Juan Islands (H’=2.36), while the lowest was found in Central Hood Canal (H’=0.42). The most abundant taxa caught was Merluccius productus, Pacific hake (n=139). Species diversity correlated negatively with mean photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (r= 0.779), but only slightly with mean oxygen, temperature, chlorophyll a, and depth. The diversity of day and night catches significantly differed (p=0.03, t=3.76). The results of this study could have implications for management of marine resources as well as indications of the importance of Puget Sound as a nursery. Specifically, the placement of marine protected areas (MPA’s) may depend on the results of this study.
The XMM Cluster Survey: forecasting cosmological and cluster scaling-relation parameter constraints

We forecast the constraints on the values of s8, Om and cluster scaling-relation parameters which we expect to obtain from the XMM Cluster Survey (XCS). We assume a flat cold dark matter Universe and perform a Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis of the evolution of the number density of galaxy clusters that takes into account a detailed simulated selection function. Comparing our current observed number of clusters shows good agreement with predictions. We determine the expected degradation of the constraints as a result of self-calibrating the luminositytemperature relation (with scatter), including temperature measurement errors, and relying on photometric methods for the estimation of galaxy cluster redshifts. We examine the effects of systematic errors in scaling relation and measurement error assumptions. Using only (T, z) self-calibration, we expect to measure Om to 0.03 (and O to the same accuracy assuming flatness), and s8 to 0.05, also constraining the normalization and slope of the luminositytemperature relation to 6 and 13 per cent (at 1s), respectively, in the process. Self-calibration fails to jointly constrain the scatter and redshift evolution of the luminositytemperature relation significantly. Additional archival and/or follow-up data will improve on this. We do not expect measurement errors or imperfect knowledge of their distribution to degrade constraints significantly. Scaling-relation systematics can easily lead to cosmological constraints 2s or more away from the fiducial model. Our treatment is the first exact treatment to this level of detail, and introduces a new `smoothed ML (Maximum Likelihood) estimate of expected constraints.
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM ON METRIC EVALUATION OF HAND DIMENSIONS

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Bindhurani MK, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, B.H. Road, Agalkote, Tumakuru, Karnataka 527107, India. E-Mail: drbinduranimk@rediffmail.com Introduction: Identification of human remains is an important part of any medicolegal investigation. Among the primary parameters of identification like race, sex, age and stature, determination of sex is one of the foremost criteria in establishing the identity of an individual It is a challenging task for forensic experts and physical anthropologists. The human hand being the most used and versatile part of the body is of great scientific importance to investigators in the field of anthropometry. Aim: The aim of present study is to correlate sexual dimorphism with hand dimensions Materials and Methods: Present study included analyzing measurements of hand length, hand breadth and hand index amongst 304 students, aged between 20-22 years. The data were statistically analyzed using Statistical software Epi info 3.4. 3 Results: In the present study there was no significant bilateral variation for measurements of hand length and hand breadth in both sexes except for hand breadth in south males (P value<0.01). The mean values of hand dimensions and hand index were more in males than in females in both north and south Indian population.There was no significant bilateral variation of hand index in both sexes of different regions. Conclusion: The present study confirms sexual dimorphism in hand dimensions. Hence hand dimensions can also be used in Sex determination in medico legal aspects.
Brand Consciousness, Brand Loyalty, Consumer Satisfaction and Buying Behavior of Teenagers for Apparel and Clothing

This research has been designed with the goal of examining relationship among brand consciousness, brand loyalty, buying behavior and consumer satisfaction of teenagers towards clothing and apparel. This is hypothesized that brand consciousness, brand loyalty, buying behavior are likely to be significant predictors of consumer satisfaction. The sample comprised of n-200 young students enrolled in different public and private sector colleges of Lahore and Sahiwal. The measures comprised of Brand Consciousness Questionnaire, Brand Loyalty Questionnaire, Buying Behavior Scale, and Consumer Satisfaction Scale. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 21.00. The findings revealed that brand loyalty is positively and significantly correlated with brand consciousness, purchasing conduct and customer fulfillment. Brand cognizance and purchasing conduct are strong and positive predictors of brand loyalty resulting in increased consumer satisfaction. Both the genders are equally affected by brand consciousness, brand loyalty except for buying behavior. Keywords: Brand consciousness, Brand loyalty, Buying behavior, Consumer satisfaction
Enhanced Detectability of Added Value in Limited-Area Model Results Separated into Different Spatial Scales

Abstract Regional climate models (RCMs) are a widely used tool to describe regional-scale climate variability and change. However, the added value provided by such models is not well explored so far, and claims have been made that RCMs have little utility. Here, it is demonstrated that RCMs are indeed returning significant added value. Employing appropriate spatial filters, the scale-dependent skill of a state-of-the-art RCM (with and without nudging of large scales) is examined by comparing its skill with that of the global reanalyses driving the RCM. This skill is measured by pattern correlation coefficients of the global reanalyses or the RCM simulation and, as a reference, of an operational regional weather analysis. For the spatially smooth variable air pressure the RCM improves this aspect of the simulation for the medium scales if the RCM is driven with large-scale constraints, but not for the large scales. For the regionally more structured quantity near-surface temperature the added value is more.
Evaluation of phytoconstituents of Caralluma nilagiriana by FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis

Spectroscopic techniques can advantageously be employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant extracts. In the present work we deal with the nature of visible absorption spectra of ethanolic leaves’ extract of Caralluma nilagiriana medicinal plant. Caralluma nilagiriana is a plant known to be rich in phytoconstituents that are regarded as compounds possessing beneficial biological activities and, in view of this phenomena, an attempt at identifying such phytoconstituents present in C. nilagiriana was undertaken. FTIR analysis and UV-VIS analysis showed the presence of phenolic compound and flavonoids; while the peaks at 227.6nm, 401.6nm and 664.6nm of the UV-VIS profile corresponded to those of the Flavonoid, Terpenoids, and Chlorophylls’ respectively, the ones of the FTIR spectra had amply evidenced the occurrence of OH group together with the Terpeniols, Phenol& Alcohol, Carboxylic Acids, Nitro Groups, Esters and Ethers.
Antioxidant Properties of Phenolic Extracts of African Mistletoes (Loranthus begwensis L. ) from Kolanut and Breadfruit Trees

Mistletoe ( Loranthus begwensis L . ) has been used ethno-botanically for the management of several tropical diseases for centuries; and the medicinal properties have been associated with their host plant. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the antioxidant properties of mistletoe from two host plants (breadfruit and kolanut trees). The result of the study revealed that mistletoe from kolanut tree (0.69 mg/g) had higher total phenol content than that of breadfruit tree (0.49 mg/g). Furthermore, the extracts chelate Fe 2+ and scavenge DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent (0 – 30 mg/ml) pattern. Nevertheless, the EC 50 revealed mistletoes from kolanut as having higher DPPH scavenging (15.77mg/ml) than that of breadfruit (16.29mg/ml), while L.begwensis from Breadfruit tree had higher Fe 2+ chelating ability (1.97mg/ml) than that of Kolanut tree (2.23mg/ml). Likewise, mistletoe from kolanut (27.5mg/AAE g) had higher ferric reducing ability (FRAP) than that of breadfruit (22.0mg/AAE g). Although both mistletoe extracts showed promise as good antioxidant sources, the total phenol content and the antioxidant capacity pattern of the extracts suggest host dependency. Keywords : antioxidant, breadfruit tree, kolanut tree, Loranthus begwensis L.
教学影片制作利器——Camtasia Studio

重复性劳动占用了教师大量的时间与精力，对经常用计算机进行多媒体教学的教师来讲，需要更多的时间去研发教学创新，开发优秀的课件，为了解决这一矛盾，该文阐述了运用专业屏幕录制软件即Camtasia Studio，便利地开发教学影片的方法。
Grid Computing Security Implementation Challenges

Grid networks are today’s more focusing area of research for the researchers due to the services it provides with its cost effectiveness in the most advanced technologies in an innovative use. Even though it is providing various level of services, still it is facing very big challenges, due to the security concerns, that may arise in a collaborative environment for creating a level of trust among the organization that will be part of the grid. This paper will review the literature of the work done in past and currently for tackling the security concerns and will lay a foundation for making the security and privacy more tighten in such a large collaborative environment that can grow to a very large scale. This work will mainly focus on the current trends in grid network for coping with the security and privacy issues.
E%ective equidimensional decomposition of a'ne varieties

In this paper we present a probabilistic algorithmwhich com putes, froma 4nite set of polynomials de4ning an algebraic variety V , the decomposition of V into equidimensional components. If V is de4ned by s polynomials in n variables of degrees bounded by an integer d ? n and V = r
Frontière linguistique et frontière des usages en Lorraine

Il est habituel de considerer la limite linguistique qui traverse le departement de la Moselle comme une ligne de rupture entre une "civilisation romane" et une "civilisation germanique". Cette etude montre qu'il n'y a pas adequation entre une frontiere linguistique et une frontiere culturelle. Le ressentiment developpe entre les deux groupes linguistiques a ete forge par les guerres successives et non par des mentalites differentes
INFLUENCE OF INLET PROFILE ON HIGH-BPR TURBOFAN PERFORMANCE USING A RADIAL PROFILE MAP

A radial-profile based high-bypass ratio turbofan performance model was developed in order to predict civil aircraft engine performance accurately. In this model, the fan of the high bypass ratio engine has been represented using a radial-profile performance characteristic map. It describes with accuracy the strong radial profiles of all thermodynamic variables very well. It is common to average these profiles so that the fan can be represented by one or two one-dimensional characteristics. In this study, a simple intake model was developed in order to obtain inlet radial profiles for fan rotors. The inlet radial profiles are dependent on the fan mass flow and intake geometry as well as flight condition. The aim is to study the influence of inlet radial profiles on a high-bypass turbofan engine performance. The results are compared with and without using inlet profiles. The results show a reduction in thrust and increase in specific fuel consumption.
A new method for estimating parameters for the Gompertz growth curve

There are three major uses for biological growth curves:— (a) to compare differences in growth phenomena and perhaps conduct tests of these differences; (b) to describe the changes in growth phenomena under varying conditions of environment and/or heredity; (c) to describe the ideal growth phenomenon (that which is expected to be typical); . (a) has been extensively investigated in papers by WISHART (1938) and RAO (1958); (b) usually involves a comparison of growth phenomena for each of the varying conditions and hence reduces to (a). When (b) is purely descriptive, it involves initiating the investigation from given conditions or assumptions and obtaining the curve in terms of these conditions. Item (c) starts with empirical data and attempts to obtain a curve that will exactly describe the growth phenomenon. This paper is concerned with (c). A recent paper by RICHARDS (1959) presents a general growth curve based on four parameters which admirably relates the different curves that have been studied in the past. Although this general curve is of interest when in the early stages of growth study, it does add an additional parameter to be estimated. The present paper is concerned with the subordinate problem of estimating the remaining three parameters given the fourth has been chosen such that the growth curve takes on the form of the Gompertz curve. Growth curves are almost always asymmetric (BRODY, 1945), so that while several workers have investigated symmetric curves, their work is usually inappropriate for purpose (c). The curve of VON BERTALANFFY (1938) has been given particular attention lately (e. g. BEVERTON and HOLT, 1957), but it is an exponential curve everywhere concave downward so is also inappropriate for
A survey on uncertainty principles related to quadratic forms

Hardy’s Uncertainty Principle may be seen as a characterisation of all tempered distributions f on R such that e±πqf and e±πq ′ f̂ ∈ S′(Rd) are also tempered, with q and q′ two positive definite quadratic forms. After proving this, we consider the same problem for general non degenerate quadratic forms q and q′. A special attention is given to the case when q(x, y) = q′(x, y) = 〈x, y〉 on R × R, for which the results that we describe here may be seen as a generalization of Beurling’s Uncertainty principle. We also consider other kinds of uncertainty principles related to quadratic forms, which describe strong or weak annihilating pairs in the sense of Havin and Jöricke.
Detection of brain metabolites in magnetic resonance spectroscopy

While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) derives its signal from protons in water, additional and potentially important biochemical compounds are detectable in vivo within the proton spectrum. The detection and mapping of these much weaker signals is known as magnetic resonance spectroscopy or spectroscopic imaging. Among the complicating factors for this modality applied for human clinical imaging are limited chemical-shift dispersion and J-coupling that cause spectral overlap and complicated spectral shapes that limit detection and separation of several brain metabolites using MR spectroscopic imaging. Existing techniques for improved detection include so-called 2D spectroscopy, where additional encoding steps aid in the separation of compounds with overlapping chemical shift. This is achieved by collecting spectral data over a range of timing parameters and introducing an additional frequency axis, fl. Spectral editing techniques attempt to enhance metabolite signal detection along fl in order to resolve specific metabolite signals. While these techniques have been shown to improve signal separation, they carry a penalty in scan time and more complicated reconstruction compared to conventional spectroscopy, and are often prohibitive when combined with spectroscopic imaging. The task of this thesis is to characterize and optimize existing 2D spectroscopy techniques for improved metabolite resolution with reduced number of timing steps through numerical simulation and experimental validation in phantoms. Thesis Supervisor: Elfar Adalsteinsson Title: Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Associate Professor of Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology