Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ‘ Search & Rescue ’ Game

Japan is vulnerable to natural disasters, such as annual floods, landslides, earthquakes, and so on. One such disaster, the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake, occurred at 0546 h on January 17, 1995. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.2 and its epicenter was right beneath Kobe, one of the biggest cities in western Japan, with a population of 1.5 million. The earthquake shocked Kobe severely, with a JMA Intensity of 7, the maximum value on the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) seismic intensity scale. The damage was widespread in terms of lives, property, and infrastructure. More than 6,400 people were killed and 15,000 injured. At least 200,000 buildings were damaged or destroyed; 400,000 people were left homeless and 240,000 people sought public shelter. Fires consumed about 450 hectares of Kobe, and there was widespread damage to road, water, gas, and sewer systems. The Port of Kobe was heavily damaged and took months to repair. Eight-five percent of the schools were damaged, and the city hall, many hospitals, and other major public facilities sustained heavy damage. Small and medium-sized businesses were hit hard. The total economic loss is estimated at US$150 billion, with more than US$100 billion in property damage. Unfortunately, it will not be the last earthquake disaster to strike Japan. Japanese seismologists agree that based on historical data, another catastrophic earthquake will occur within the next twenty to thirty years, and may hit the Kansai, Tokai, and Tokyo areas simultaneously in a worst case scenario. Although it is true that the Japanese have learned many lessons from the tragedy of the Great Hanshin Awaji earthquake, two crucial problems that are closely related remain unsolved.
A Budget Model of Water , Salt and non-Conservative Nutrients in Strymonikos and Ierissos

Simple box models and steady-state budgeting methods were proposed to be used as an alternative to direct measurements of process rates, in an effort to assess the net rates of non-conservative nutrient processes in shallow coastal seas. In this contribution the application of the budgeting approach (according to LOICZ guidelines) was considered for Strymonikos and Ierissos Gulfs, two semi-enclosed coastal water bodies located at the northeast part of Chalkidiki Peninsula. Strymonikos Gulf is directly affected by the fresh water discharge of rivers Strymon and Richios, while Ierissos Gulf only by local torrents. The residence time of Strymonikos and Ierissos Gulfs was found 107 and 185 days, respectively. The phosphorus budget showed that Strymonikos Gulf is a net consumer of organic matter (2.68 mmol C m d) through net organic production, while Ierissos Gulf is a net producer of organic matter (5.11 mmol C m d) through respiration. Strymonikos Gulf is producing more nitrogen through nitrification (0.64 mmol N m d), while Ierissos Gulf is denitrifying (0.65 mmol N m d).
Online‐Only Abstracts

We evaluated microcalorimetry for real-time susceptibility testing of Aspergillus spp. based on growth-related heat production. The minimal heat inhibitory concentration (MHIC) for A. fumigatus ATCC 204305 was 1 mg/L for amphotericin B, 0.25 mg/L for voriconazole, 0.06 mg/L for posaconazole, 0.125 mg/L for caspofungin and 0.03 mg/L for anidulafungin. Agreement within two 2-fold dilutions between MHIC (determined by microcalorimetry) and MIC or MEC (determined by CLSI M38A) was 90% for amphotericin B, 100% for voriconazole, 90% for posaconazole and 70% for caspofungin. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated the potential of isothermal microcalorimetry for growth evaluation of Aspergillus spp. and real-time antifungal susceptibility testing. EUCAST technical note on the EUCAST definitive document EDef 7.2: method for the determination of broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentrations of antifungal agents for yeasts EDef 7.2 (EUCASTAFST) Maiken C. Arendrup, Manuel Cuenca-Estrella, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, William Hope and the EUCAST-AFST 1) Unit of Mycology, Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2) Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain, 3) Division of Hygiene and Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria and 4) The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR, Translational Research Facility in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK Original Submission: 21 February 2012; Accepted: 26 March 2012 Editor: E. Roilides Article published online: 30 April 2012 Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18: E246–E247 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012. 03880.x a2012 The Authors Clinical Microbiology and Infection a2012 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases ONLINE-ONLY RESEARCH NOTES MYCOLOGY
Bilateral, Misalignment-Compensating, Full-DOF Hip Exoskeleton: Design and Kinematic Validation

A shared design goal for most robotic lower limb exoskeletons is to reduce the metabolic cost of locomotion for the user. Despite this, only a limited amount of devices was able to actually reduce user metabolic consumption. Preservation of the natural motion kinematics was defined as an important requirement for a device to be metabolically beneficial. This requires the inclusion of all human degrees of freedom (DOF) in a design, as well as perfect alignment of the rotation axes. As perfect alignment is impossible, compensation for misalignment effects should be provided. A misalignment compensation mechanism for a 3-DOF system is presented in this paper. It is validated by the implementation in a bilateral hip exoskeleton, resulting in a compact and lightweight device that can be donned fast and autonomously, with a minimum of required adaptations. Extensive testing of the prototype has shown that hip range of motion of the user is maintained while wearing the device and this for all three hip DOFs. This allowed the users to maintain their natural motion patterns when they are walking with the novel hip exoskeleton.
Nucleotides released by apoptotic cells act as a find-me signal for phagocytic clearance

Phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells occurs efficiently in vivo such that even in tissues with significant apoptosis, very few apoptotic cells are detectable1. This is thought to be due to the release of find-me signals by apoptotic cells that recruit motile phagocytes such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, leading to the prompt clearance of the dying cells2. However, the identity and in vivo relevance of such find-me signals are not well understood. Here, through several lines of evidence, we identify extracellular nucleotides as a critical apoptotic cell find-me signal. We demonstrate the caspase-dependent release of ATP and UTP (in equimolar quantities) during the early stages of apoptosis by primary thymocytes and cell lines. Purified nucleotides at these concentrations were sufficient to induce monocyte recruitment comparable to apoptotic cell supernatants. Enzymatic removal of ATP and UTP (by apyrase or ectopic CD39 expression) Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to K.S. R. (ravi@virginia.edu). Supplementary Information is linked to the online version of the paper at www.nature. com/nature. Author Information Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature. com/reprints. The authors declare no competing interests. Author Contributions M.R. E. designed, performed and analyzed most of the experiments in this study with input from K.S. R. F.B.C. performed ATP quantitation experiments. P.T. C. helped with in vivo thymic apoptosis experiments. E.R. L. carried out HPLC analysis of supernatants. S.F. W. generated the CD39 expression plasmid and stable Jurkat cell lines. D.P. conducted phagocytosis experiments. A.K. and N.L. carried out the MS analysis and provided critical support in establishing the air-pouch model system. R.I. W. and J.J.L. carried out immunohistochemical detection of apoptotic cells in the thymus. M.O. and P.S. assisted with the BMDM generation and macrophage chemotaxis experiments. T.K. H. provided critical intellectual input in the preparation of the manuscript. K.S. R. provided overall coordination with respect to conception, design and supervision of the study. K.S. R. and M.R. E. wrote the manuscript with comments from co-authors. NIH Public Access
Teaching as a Masters profession ; the need for continued debate

The research presented here builds on an original pilot project which reported on the introduction of PGCE (Postgraduate Certificate in Education) Masters level programmes in England. The change in validation of these programmes at Masters level was a result of the alignment of postgraduate qualifications across Europe (Bologna Agreement, 1999). This original research opened up the debate about M level study within the one year PGCE programme. However, it also, significantly, gave rise to questions concerning the whole notion of school teaching as a Masters profession and what that means in practice. What is the value and definition of Masters for the teaching profession? Stronach (2009) argues that not only have Newly Qualified Teachers (NQTs) got to ‘juggle with economies of performance and ecologies of practice', but they also have to deal with the ‘emotional chronology' of becoming a professional, ‘of learning to think, act and feel as one'. Thus the ‘gap between induction and initiation is where teachers invent themselves and find their identity as a teacher' (Stronach 2009:173). Does Masters level study aid these processes and contribute in a beneficial way to the teacher's ability to ‘invent him or herself'?
The Effects of Pregabalin on Gastric Ulcer Formation and Antioxidant Parameters

Pregabalin, a drug used in epilepsy, anxiety, neuropathic pain is reported to have analgesic effects in inflammatory pain. We aimed to investigate whether pregabalin have gastric side effects and to compare with a non steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) in rats. The effects of pregabalin on antioxidant levels, which are suggested to protect against gastric mucosal damage were also studied. Pregabalin 30, 50, 100 mg/kg, indomethacin 5 mg/kg (reference-NSAID), saline (control group) were administered orally for 10 days. At the end of 10 day treatment, rats were sacrificed, gastric tissues were removed out, mucus secretion was determined spectrophotometrically, ulcer index was scored from score 0:(no-petechia) to score 3:(petechia>5mm). Also, to evaluate the antioxidant effects of pregabalin, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in gastric tissue were studied. Pregabalin 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg similar to indomethacin significantly reduced mucus secretion and increased ulcer index compared to control while pregabalin 30 mg/kg did not. Pregabalin 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg decreased SOD and catalase levels. Pregabalin 100 mg/kg dose increased MDA levels. 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg pregabalin showed gastric side effects as reduced mucus secretion and ulcer formation similar to indomethacin and 30 mg/kg pregabalin may be reasonable dose without showing gastric side effects. Pregabalin 50 mg/kg seems to have enhancing effects on antioxidant levels
FROM THE APRIL 13 2004 WAKE LOW DAMAGING WIND EVENT IN SOUTH FLORIDA

On Tuesday, April 13, 2004, a high wind event swept across parts of peninsular Florida in the wake of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) of thunderstorms. This is unusual because the winds, which gusted at times in excess of 70 mph in the vicinity of Lake Okeechobee, were not associated with the thunderstorms themselves, but were on the backside of the system. In fact, little or no rain was falling when the wind event was occurring. This paper presents an analysis of the data leading to and during the event revealing that it was associated with a phenomenon called a 'wake low' pressure system.
Disturbance attenuation and rejection for systems with unknown nonlinearity and missing measurements via DOBC approach

The problem of disturbance attenuation and rejection for discrete systems with unknown nonlinear and missing measurement is studied in this paper. Here, two types of disturbance are considered. One of them is matched unknown disturbance generated by an exogenous systems, the other belongs to norm-bounded disturbance. The matched unknown disturbance is estimated by disturbance observer (DOB), and it is compensated by the composited controller. The norm-bounded disturbance is attenuation under the condition of H∞ constraint. The matched unknown disturbance and state are estimated separately based on missing measurement which is described by a binary switching sequence. The augmented systems, which consist of result closed-loop systems and error dynamic of disturbance are exponentially mean-square stable for zeros additional disturbance, and the systems also satisfy prescribed H∞ performance requirement. A sufficient condition is derived to find DOB gain matrix, controller gain matrix in terms of Lyapunov approach. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of proposed method.
Compiler-enabled Hardware Accelerators

Hardware accelerators are first-class building blocks in modern computing devices. Ranging from data centers to mobile devices, hardware accelerators are designed and developed in order to run certain applications more efficiently. The interaction between hardware accelerator design and compiler support has continued to become critical in order to make systems more efficient. In this report, I will describe key efforts in hardware accelerators and their philosophy for interacting with compilers. Then I will describe my current work in building tools to generate and integrate hardware accelerators automatically.
The specificity of reciprocity: Young children

Young children engage in direct reciprocity, but the mechanisms underlying such reci procity remain unclear. In particular, prior work leaves unclear whether children’s reciprocity is simply a response to receiving benefits (regardless of whether the benefits were intended) or driven by a mechanism of rewarding or preferring all benefactors (regardless of whom they benefited). Alternatively, perhaps children engage in genuine reciprocity such that they are particularly prosocial toward benefactors who intentionally them provided with benefits. Our findings support this third, richer possibility; the 3-year-olds who received benefits through the good intentions of a benefactor were subsequently more generous toward the benefactor than children who either (a) received the same benefits from the benefactor unintentionally or (b) observed the benefactor bestow the same benefits on another individual. Thus, young children are especially motivated to benefit those who have demonstrated goodwill toward them, suggesting, as one possible mechanism, an early sense of gratitude. Ó 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp. 2017.11. 005 ⇑ Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. E-mail address: vaish@virginia.edu (A. Vaish). 1 Current address: Department of Research Methods in Early Child Development, Faculty of Education, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany. 2 Current address: Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 167 (2018) 336–353
[An experimental research in the inhibiting effect of bFGF-MAb on the growth of ovarian cancer cells and transplanted tumor].

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the monoclonal antibody of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF-MAb) inhibits the proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer. METHODS 1. Human ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 were planted in 24-well dishes, to which was added bFGF-MAb at different concentrations, and crystal violet staining was performed daily for 8 days, then cell numbers were counted by OD490 determination. 2. SKOV3 were transplanted intraperitoneally to BALB/c nude mice. One week later, bFGF-MAb was injected intraperitoneally twice a week, and the survival time of nude mice, the number and weight of the metastatic tumors on the mensentery were observed or measured. 3. Intratumoral microvessel density(MVD) was measured by immunohistochemical staining for CD31. RESULTS 1. bFGF-MAb inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 in the concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). 2. The average survival time of nude mice in bFGF-MAb group increased by 10 days over that of control. 3. The average number and weight of metastatic tumors on mensentery in bFGF-MAb group constituted 70.6% and 69.2% of those in control group, respectively. 4. The MVD in bFGF-MAb group accounted for 62.8% of the MVD in control group. CONCLUSION bFGF-MAb can inhibit the proliferation and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer markedly, so it promises to have application in the biological treatment of ovarian cancer.
Information retrieval from the Internet: an evaluation of the tools

Evaluates the principal tools available for the retrieval of information from the Internet, e.g. Hytelnet, Archie, Gopher, WAIS, and the World Wide Web (WWW). Principally concentrates on an evaluation of the user interface and search software for each of the aforementioned tools. Concludes with a brief perspective of Internet information retrieval and the implications for the future.
An overview of obsessive compulsive disorder and suicidal behaviour

Suicide is a major cause of mortality among patients with psychiatric illnesses. Most common cause of suicidal behaviour is affective and psychotic disorders. Very few studies had looked into the suicidal behaviour among patients with anxiety and related obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD). Patients with OCD are susceptible for suicidal behaviour if they have underlying comorbid depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, or personality traits. Current paper highlights the prevalence and clinical correlates of suicidal behaviour among patients with OCD. Future studies are required to look into the role of various other associated contributing factors for suicidal behaviour such as gender, family and past history of suicidal behaviour, duration of untreated OCD, various symptom dimensions of OCD, personality traits, and the presence of other comorbid disorders among patients with OCD. Hence, a comprehensive management plan is required for OCD patients while assessing for suicidal behaviour.
A biomechanical model for the study of plant morphogenesis : Coleocheate orbicularis , a 2 D study species

Pattern formation in the morphogenesis in plants is a phenomenon strongly determined by the genetic programs of particular species. However, because organs are groups comprised of specialized cells that are adherent and not capable of migration, physical processes (cell wall expansion, diffusion) are though to be major aspect influencing the plant development. In the present study, Coleocheate orbicularis, a probable ancestor of land plant species has been used as a model species to study the mechanics of cell expansion in multicellular colonies. Image analysis methods have been developed in order to analyze the kinematics of cell expansion and division, and a simple analytical model were used to estimate both viscosity and cell wall division properties. Numerical computation using the finite element method has been used to simulate the growth of entire colonies using parameters derived from live imaging. Comparison with live experiments showed strong similarities between measured and simulated colonies. Also, parameter analysis showed that not only wall mechanical properties, but also division rate and orientation are factors strongly influencing pattern formation.
EMOTIONAL MOTION PROTOTYPING FOR A SOCIAL ROBOT UTILIZING A DELTA ROBOT

Today, a variety of social robots capable of interacting and communicating with humans has begun to emerge. Existing social robots mainly utilize a voice and/or a small screen for emotionally interacting with humans despite many possibilities of physically expressing emotional motion. Thus, this research aims to build methods for emotional motion prototyping and create a prototype of a social robot based on the kinematics of the Delta robot. For this research, literature related to emotional motions of social robots and humans is explored, and emotional motions of humans is categorized based on six basic human emotions in order to analyze existing social robots. Moreover, through analyzing the cases, we propose methods for emotional motion prototyping. Based on these, a prototype of a social robot is developed based on the kinematics of a Delta robot and is tested. In this paper, we present ways to create emotional motions of social robots and experimental experience of a prototype of a Delta-robot-based social robot. Further work in this research is to develop an actual social robot based on the prototype.
Typical Cluster Headache Caused by Granulomatous Pituitary Involvement

A young woman had typical cluster headache attacks and a pituitary mass lesion. The headache attacks resolved after transsphenoidal resection of the tumour, which was diagnosed as a granulomatous inflammation. The association between cluster headache and granulomatous enlargement of the pituitary gland has never been described before. This case reinforces the growing evidence that even in typical cases of cluster headache, neuroimaging is mandatory to exclude structural lesions.
CORRECTED MEASURED POINT VALIDITY CHECK IN COORDINATE METROLOGY

CMMs typically have one or more built-in algorithms to calculate corrected measured points. However, the algorithms often do not allow proper estimation of corrected measured points, especially when measuring the shape of surfaces with highly varying curvature [1] and do not permit the self-assessment of validity for the points measured. Some attempts to estimate uncertainty using the so-called virtual CMM which were initiated [2] but have not yet been widely used in commercial equipment.
From scorecard to social learning: a reflective coassessment approach for promoting multiagency cooperation in natural resource management

The responsibility for managing and conserving freshwater ecosystems is typically shared by multiple organizations with sometimes conflicting policy mandates. However, scorecard-based approaches for measuring management effectiveness in natural resource management are usually confined to single organizations. This paper describes a social learning approach which acknowledges cooperation as an essential precondition for effective management and that encourages reflective coassessment of cooperative relationships. The approach was pilot tested with eight participating organizations in one water management area in South Africa. It specifically aimed to allow for a multiagency reflective assessment of issues determining cooperative behavior, allow context-specific adaptations, and be embedded in adaptive management. It involved development of a spreadsheet-based scorecard-type tool that can be used to facilitate a multiagency workshop. This workshop serves to bring parties face-to-face and helps them codiscover their interdependence, shortcomings, and strengths. The spreadsheet structures reflection on their respective roles and effectiveness while the reflective coassessment motivates participants to address shortcomings. Overall, insights that emerged included: cooperation should be an explicit component of each organization's operational strategy; facilitation of appropriate cooperative behavior could be very effectively achieved by external "bridging organizations"; the reflective assessment process must be followed by purposefully adaptive interventions; the ability of the scorecard to be contextually adaptive was important; and institutional readiness requires investigation as the approach does sit somewhat uncomfortably with much current practice.