Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of the bi-orthogonal modulation for ultra-wideband communication systems with multiple access interference

This paper investigates the use of bi-orthogonal modulations in multiuser communication systems based on ultra wide band impulse radio (UWB-IR) technology: the communication systems considered herein use Gaussian waveforms in AWGN channel and rely on the utilization of a time-hopping spreading technique. A hybrid pulse modulation is defined, which is obtained by combining pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and pulse position modulation (PPM) techniques. Particularly, we have compared the bi-orthogonal system performance to the classical orthogonal one, also in the condition of lack of a general synchronism, possibly caused by the presence of interfering users that belong to a separate network. Moreover, we have taken into account the use of an M-ary alphabet, in the case of orthogonal and bi-orthogonal modulation schemes.
Kennzahlenbasierte Erfolgsmessung von Green IT-Maßnahmen - Eine empirische Analyse zum aktuellen Stand in Forschung und Praxis

In diesem Beitrag wird der Umsetzungsstand von Green IT- Kennzahlen in IT-Organisationen verschiedener Grose und Branchen unter- sucht. Zu diesem Zweck wurden aktuelle Kennzahlen aus der Literatur ent- nommen und auf Grundlage eines Bezugsrahmens den (Prozess-)Bereichen der IT-Beschaffung, der IT-Produktion und des IT-Vertriebs systematisch aufberei- tet. Die Erfassung des Status quo in der Praxis wurde mittels einer Befragung von insgesamt 94 CIOs und IT-Fuhrungskraften aus einer Stichprobe von 822 Unternehmen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Unternehmen den Erfolg von Green IT-Masnahmen kennzahlbasiert erfassen und kontrollie- ren konnen, wobei der Einsatz solcher Kenngrosen von der Unternehmensgro- se, der Nachhaltigkeitsorientierung und der Green IT-Expertise abhangig sind.
Glutamate uptake by oligodendrocytes

Background: Excitotoxic damage is a common pathologic event in a number of neurologic diseases occurring after accumulation of excess extracellular glutamate in the CNS and subsequent overstimulation of glutamate receptors. In gray matter, astrocytes take up synaptically released glutamate and are thus key cells in maintaining glutamate homeostasis. In white matter, oligodendrocytes have been shown to express glutamate transporters, but their role in extracellular glutamate removal is unclear. Objective: To investigate whether cultured human fetal oligodendrocytes functionally express the main glutamate transporters EAAT-1 and EAAT-2. Methods: Cultures of fetal human oligodendrocytes were examined by immunocytochemistry and [3H]glutamate uptake, and the findings were correlated with glutamate transporter expression in normal and multiple sclerosis (MS) CNS tissue. Results: Both EAAT-1 and EAAT-2 were expressed by human oligodendrocytes in vitro. Incubation of oligodendrocytes with the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) reduced EAAT-1 expression and inhibited glutamate uptake by >75%. Furthermore, in normal human white matter, oligodendrocytes were found to be the predominant cells to express EAAT-1 and EAAT-2, both at the mRNA and at the protein level. A small number of astrocytes in white matter expressed these receptors, more so EAAT-1 than EAAT-2. In MS white matter, oligodendrocytes lost expression of EAAT-1 and EAAT-2 receptors in the lesion vicinity. Conclusions: Oligodendrocytes appear to be predominant cells for glutamate clearance in human white matter. Glutamate receptor expression and glutamate removal were defective in MS white matter, possibly mediated by TNFα, changes that might underlie high extracellular glutamate and an increased risk for glutamate excitotoxicity.
The Meaning of Health: Understanding Functional Limitations

Results of psychometric studies of 14 questionnaire items commonly used to define chronic functional limitations due to poor health are reported. Selfadministered questionnaires were used to gather data from 1,209 persons 14 years of age and older. Data were used to study: scalability of items; test-retcst reliability of alternate forms of scales; validity of scales in relation to 13 health status variables and age; and precision of scales in detecting differences in health. Three scales pertaining to chronic limitations in mobility, physical activity, and social role activity functions satisfied the criteria of scalogram analysis. Four-month test-retcst reliability estimates for alternate forms were very high. Strong associations (some curvilinear) were observed among functional limitation scales, and between these scales and survey measures of physical abilities, general health perceptions, health worry/ concern, chronic disease conditions, and age. Measures of physical abilities and functional limitations appeared to define opposite ends of a function-dysfunction continuum. Statistical modeling of precision indicates that, due to the skewed distribution of scores, large sample sizes would be required to detect differences in functional limitations in studies using only a posttcst.
Heavy Subgraph Conditions for Longest Cycles to Be Heavy in Graphs

Abstract Let G be a graph on n vertices. A vertex of G with degree at least n/2 is called a heavy vertex, and a cycle of G which contains all the heavy vertices of G is called a heavy cycle. In this note, we characterize graphs which contain no heavy cycles. For a given graph H, we say that G is H-heavy if every induced subgraph of G isomorphic to H contains two nonadjacent vertices with degree sum at least n. We find all the connected graphs S such that a 2-connected graph G being S-heavy implies any longest cycle of G is a heavy cycle.
Navigation along Database Relationships - An Adaptive Framework for Presenting Database Contents as Object Graphs

In this paper, we will present an approach to visualizing arbitrary relational database contents in the form of object graphs via the World Wide Web. The focus is on the relationships between the datasets rather than on the data itself. The tool allows definition of different node types representing the datasets and edges representing the foreign keys and relationship tables in the database schema. Each node type has a label, and optionally a short description and a user definable image associated with it. The information for these fields can be extracted 1 : 1 from the corresponding database tables or otherwise be aggregated from different tables. Along the edges, it is possible to navigate through the content of the database. At any time, exactly one node represents the center of the object graph. Starting from this graph, edges and other nodes down to a user-definable depth n are visualized. The depth n may vary along different node and edge types, so that it is possible to customize the representation of the object graph. The graphical representation of arbitrary database contents has been of great help to us. In addition to using it in the initial application area, we intend to use it in some other areas we had left unconsidered. From these, we can infer a number of suggestions as to how to improve our tool and make it more universal.
Universal Jump in the Superfluid Density of Two-Dimensional Superfluids

We observe that recent theories of phase transitions in the two-dimensional $\mathrm{XY}$ model predict a universal jump in the superfluid density of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ films as ${T}_{c}$ is approached from below. Specifically, we find that ${\mathrm{lim}}_{T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{c}}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{s}\frac{(T)}{T}=3.52\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Analogous results should hold for two-dimensional planar magnets and liquid crystals.
Maternal education and the utilization of maternal and child health services in India

This study examined the role of womens education in improving maternal and child health through its influence on the use of health services in India. Data were obtained from the 1992-93 National Family Health Survey among 49369 children born 1-4 years prior to the survey. Child health was measured by child acute respiratory infection (ARI) and diarrhea morbidity treatment at a health facility and the percentage fully immunized. Maternal health care (MHC) indicators include tetanus toxoid vaccinations iron and folic acid tablets prenatal care delivery care and a medical institutional delivery. Socioeconomic and demographic variables include maternal education residence employment caste and religion and childs sex birth order and age. Stepwise logistic regressions with a Wald statistic were run for 9 dichotomous variables. Multivariate findings confirmed the positive and significant influence of maternal schooling on MHC. Education was the most important predictor of MHC with controls for other intervening factors. Educated women with at least 8 years of schooling were almost 8 times more likely to receive prenatal care compared to illiterate women. The pattern was similar for other MHC services. Education was a significant predictor of MHC use in north and south India. Post neonatal and child mortality were mostly due to ARI gastrointestinal diseases and 6 vaccine preventable diseases often exacerbated by malnutrition. Use of child health care services was positively predicted by maternal education. Mothers with at least middle school education were 62% more likely to take a sick child to a health facility for treatment of ARI. In the south maternal education was a positive but not significant predictor of treatment for ARI and diarrhea. Working mothers were less likely to treat children at a health facility. Findings support continued investment in female education.
Comparison of New Zealand Cancer Registry data with an independent lung cancer audit.

BACKGROUND Despite the importance of New Zealand Cancer Registry (NZCR) data to research and healthcare decision-making, there has been no previous assessment of the accuracy of NZCR data since mandatory reporting commenced in 1994. AIM To assess the completeness and accuracy of NZCR lung cancer data. METHOD An audit of secondary care management in Auckland and Northland of lung cancer patients diagnosed in 2004 provided the opportunity to compare data from regional databases (RD) with NZCR data. RESULTS Of 565 audit cases, 66 cases (12%) were not included on the NZCR listing. The NZCR listing included 9 eligible cases not identified by RD, 1 duplicate registration and 78 (13%) ineligible cases. Few differences occurred in demographic or tumour details for the 490 cases common to both listings. Tumour staging was available for 97% of cases in RD, and disease extent was recorded for 58% in the NZCR. The latter was more likely to be missing for cases with locally advanced disease (p<0.001), older age (p<0.001), or comorbidity (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Use of the NZCR alone would have reduced accrual by 12%; disease extent was absent for 42% with a systematic bias towards being unknown for cases with locally advanced disease. Use of NZCR data without recognition of this bias could lead to inappropriate conclusions. Those using NZCR data should be aware of its definitions, methodology and limitations.
A Conserved UDP-glucose Dehydrogenase Outside the hasABC Operon 1 Contributes to Capsule Biogenesis in Group A Streptococcus 2 3

22 Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a human-specific bacterial pathogen responsible for serious 23 morbidity and mortality worldwide. The hyaluronic acid (HA) capsule of GAS is a major 24 virulence factor, contributing to bloodstream survival through resistance to neutrophil and 25 antimicrobial peptide killing, and in vivo pathogenicity. Capsule biosynthesis has been 26 exclusively attributed to the ubiquitous hasABC hyaluronan synthase operon, which is highly 27 conserved across GAS serotypes. Previous reports indicate that hasA, encoding hyaluronan 28 synthase, and hasB, encoding UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase, are essential for capsule 29 production in GAS. Here, we report that precise allelic exchange mutagenesis of hasB in GAS 30 strain 5448, a representative of the globally disseminated M1T1 serotype, did not abolish HA 31 capsule synthesis. In silico whole-genome screening identified a putative HasB paralog, 32 designated HasB2, with 45% amino acid identity to HasB at a distant location in the GAS 33 chromosome. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that recombinant HasB2 is a functional 34 UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase enzyme. Mutagenesis of hasB2 alone slightly decreased capsule 35 abundance; however, a ΔhasBΔhasB2 double mutant became completely acapsular. We conclude 36 that HasB is not essential for M1T1 GAS capsule biogenesis due to the presence of a newly 37 identified HasB paralog HasB2, which most likely resulted from gene duplication. The 38 identification of redundant UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenases underscores the importance of HA 39 capsule expression for M1T1 GAS pathogenicity and survival in the human host. 40 41 42
Failure to Rescue, Rescue Surgery and Centralization of Postoperative Complications: A Challenge for General and Acute Care Surgeons.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To explore the current literature on the failure to rescue and rescue surgery concepts, to identify the key items for decreasing the failure to rescue rate and improve outcome, to verify if there is a rationale for centralization of patients suffering postoperative complications. RECENT FINDINGS There is a growing awareness about the need to assess and measure the failure to rescue rate, on institutional, regional and national basis. Many factors affect failure to rescue, and all should be individually analyzed and considered. Rescue surgery is one of these factors. Rescue surgery assumes an acute care surgery background. SUMMARY Measurement of failure to rescue rate should become a standard for quality improvement programs. Implementation of all clinical and organizational items involved is the key for better outcomes. Preparedness for rescue surgery is a main pillar in this process. Centralization of management, audit, and communication are important as much as patient centralization.
Desensitization of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-&bgr; by Oxidized Lipids in Vascular Cells and Atherosclerotic Lesions: Prevention by Aldehyde Scavengers

The platelet-derived growth factor receptor-&bgr; (PDGFR&bgr;) signaling pathway regulates smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation and plays a role in the vascular wall response to injury. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in atherosclerotic lesions can activate the PDGFR&bgr; pathway, but the long-term effects of oxLDL on PDGFR&bgr; function are not well understood. We found that oxLDL induced a dual effect on PDGFR&bgr; signaling. Initial activation of the PDGFR was followed by desensitization of the receptor. PDGFR&bgr; desensitization was not attributable to PDGFR&bgr; degradation or changes in localization to the caveolae but instead resulted from decreased PDGF binding and inhibition of PDGFR&bgr; tyrosine kinase activity. This inhibition was associated with formation of (4HNE)– and acrolein–PDGFR&bgr; adducts and was mimicked by preincubation of cells with 4HNE. These PDGFR&bgr; adducts were also detected in aortae of apolipoprotein-deficient mice and hypercholesterolemic rabbits and in human carotid plaques. The aldehyde scavengers DNPH and Hydralazine prevented both oxLDL- and 4HNE-induced structural modification and PDGFR&bgr; signaling dysfunction in cells and in vivo. OxLDL inhibition of PDGF signaling may contribute to defective SMC proliferation and decrease the stability of a vulnerable plaque.
The pathophysiological effects of nitrogen mustard on the rabbit eye. II. The inhibition of the initial hypertensive phase by capsaicin and the apparent role of substance P.

hovers near venous pressure. A study of glaucoma patients, in whom intraocular pressure is much higher, might yield different results. It appears that aand /3-adrenergic drugs have effects on the ciliary body in its production of aqueous humor. Beta antagonists seem to decrease aqueous formation, and beta agonists seem to increase formation. Unblocked alpha agonists appear to decrease aqueous formation slightly, but the alpha effect does not seem to be as important as the beta effect. To further clarify the effects of adrenergic drugs on aqueous formation, a similar experiment using an alpha blocker would be helpful because it is not known whether timolol blocks all the beta effects of epinephrine on the eye or not. It should be remembered that the acute, single-dose effect of epinephrine on the normal human eye probably differs from the effects of long-term administration. Most published studies in which the effect of epinephrine is measured somewhat later or after long-term administration indicate that aqueous formation is reduced. " We do not know from this study whether timolol has any influence on the late or long-term effect of epinephrine on aqueous formation. Likewise, it is not known from these studies whether patients with abnormal aqueous humor dynamics respond differently to these drugs than do normals. To know, it will be necessary to measure aqueous humor flow directly in such patients before and after the test drug instillation.
Rate region analysis of coordinated multi-cell downlink transmission with per-cell power constraint

Multi-cell cooperative processing (MCP) is widely recognized as a key technology for next generation cellular networks due to its promising potential of increasing the spectrum utilization efficiency. The performance of novel MCP schemes in terms of e.g., capacity, throughput, are mostly evaluated numerically but not analytically. Although the latter approach offers more insights into the true nature, the high complexity of coordinated multi-cell systems usually makes analytical derivation intractable. In this paper, we make a comprehensive study of the rate region achieved by different downlink MCP schemes with per-cell power constraints. We derive in closed form the corresponding rate region boundaries based on simple but representative Wyner type model. The obtained analytical results provide a useful reference of the performance and complexity tradeoff of those schemes.
Mood Change and Empathy Decline Persist during Three Years of Internal Medicine Training

Purpose To examine longitudinal changes in mood and empathy over the course of the internal medicine residency. Method The authors conducted a cohort study of 61 residents who completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) at six time points during their internal medicine residency at a university-based program. (POMS was administered five times, and IRI was administered six times.) The main outcomes measured were trends in mood disturbances and multiple domains of empathy over the three-year residency, and comparisons to norms. Results Response rates varied from Time 1 to Time 6 (98%, 72%, 79%, 79%, 94%, and 95%, respectively). Interns had better scores on four POMS subscales: Depression–Dejection (p = .0031), Anger–Hostility (p < .0001), Fatigue–Inertia (p < .0001), and Vigor–Activity (p < .0001) compared with later administrations, especially midinternship. By the end of residency all POMS scores were returning towards baseline (effects sizes in the .20s), but only depression was no longer significantly different. IRI scores showed the decline in Empathic Concern remained over residency whereas Personal Distress peaked midinternship year but approached baseline at the end of residency. Compared with the general population, the graduating residents were less tense, depressed, and confused. Personal Distress was significantly lower than the norm group. Conclusions Internal medicine residency presents challenges resulting in common mood disturbances. Although graduating residents appear to be better off than the population norms, some domains of their mood disturbances and empathy never fully recover from their internship year.
Amino Acids Interfere with the ERK1/2-dependent Control of Macroautophagy by Controlling the Activation of Raf-1 in Human Colon Cancer HT-29 Cells*

Activation of ERK1/2 stimulates macroautophagy in the human colon cancer cell line HT-29 by favoring the phosphorylation of the Gα-interacting protein (GAIP) in an amino acid-dependent manner (Ogier-Denis, E., Pattingre, S., El Benna, J., and Codogno, P. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 39090–39095). Here we show that ERK1/2 activation by aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) treatment induces the phosphorylation of GAIP in an amino acid-dependent manner. Accordingly, ATA challenge increased the rate of macroautophagy, whereas epidermal growth factor did not significantly affect macroautophagy and GAIP phosphorylation status. In fact, ATA activated the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, whereas epidermal growth factor stimulated both the ERK1/2 pathway and the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, known to decrease the rate of macroautophagy. Amino acids interfered with the ATA-induced macroautophagy by inhibiting the activation of the kinase Raf-1. The role of the Ras/Raf-1/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in the GAIP- and amino acid-dependent control of macroautophagy was confirmed in HT-29 cells expressing the Ras(G12V,T35S) mutant. Similar to the protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor okadaic acid, amino acids sustained the phosphorylation of Ser259, which is involved in the negative regulation of Raf-1. In conclusion, these results add a novel target to the amino acid signaling-dependent control of macroautophagy in intestinal cells.
A new method of vehicle position measurement by use of laser beam tracking

This paper describes a new method of position measurement for a vehicle travelling in two-dimensional space using laser and optical detectors. If two points set on the vehicle and a reference point form an isosceles triangle, the vehicle position relative to the reference point can be calculated by a simple relation. Then we propose a system consisting of a laser beacon at the reference point and two photo-detectors set such that they are able to rotate on the vehicle. The bearing angles of the two detectors relative to the reference point can be measured by the laser beacon. The direction of the two photo-detectors is controlled so that the difference of the two bearing angles is maximum. In order to demonstrate the above method, an experimental system is made up and used for a vehicle position measurement. The results of the experiment show that the measurement system is effective for determining the position of the vehicle near the reference point.