Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulating Noisy, Nonparametric, and Multivariate Discrete Patterns

Abstract Requiring no analytical forms, nonparametric discrete patterns are flexible in representing complex relationships among random variables. This makes them increasingly useful for data-driven applications. However, there appears to be no software tools for simulating nonparametric discrete patterns, which prevents objective evaluation of statistical methods that discover discrete relationships from data. We present a simulator to generate nonparametric discrete functions as contingency tables. User can request strictly many-to-one functional patterns. The simulator can also produce contingency tables representing dependent non-functional and independent relationships. An option is provided to apply random noise to contingency tables. We demonstrate the utility of the simulator by showing the advantage of the FunChisq test over Pearson’s chi-square test in detecting functional patterns. This simulator, implemented in the function simulate_tables in the R package FunChisq (version 2.4.0 or greater), offers an important means to evaluate the performance of nonparametric statistical pattern discovery methods.
GENERATION OF SOMATIC CELLS BY DIRECT CONVERSION DO WE NEED PLURIPOTENT CELLS

Th e pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs ) makes them a potentially attractive resource for generating clinically useful somatic cells except for the problem of immune rejection. In eff ect, a transplant of cells diff erentiated from an ESC line is no diff erent than receiving cells from the individual that would have developed from the embryo that from which the ESCs were originally derivedfrom. In view of this, it should not be surprising that the recipient’s immune system could attempt to reject the incoming “foreign” cells. Th is is the primary reason why techniques to make individualised human pluripotent stem cells hhave been intensively investigated over the last twenty years. Initial attempts focused on the possibility of “therapeutic cloning”, the deliberate creation of a human embryo by transfer of a somatic nucleus from the intended recipient into an oocyte from a human donor, with the aim of creating a tailor-made stem cell line from that embryo’s inner cell mass;, however, this method has not yet been successful (1,2). Th erapeutic cloning may indeed have been rendered obsolete by the technique of induced pluripotency (3,4), and if the products of this method, namely induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs, are truly equivalent to ESCs, this could be the way to usher in the long promised age of personalised regenerative medicine. Th ere are still substantial problems to overcome before this becomes reality. Even if iPSCs and ESCs are equivalent, we still need to develop reproducible methods to direct their diff erentiation into clinically useful cells or tissues in a cost-eff ective manner. Moreover, we must ensure that the resulting cells are functionally equivalent to their adult body counterparts and do not create additional health problems years after their administration. In short, there is still much work to be done.
Outlook for Fish to 2020: A Win-Win-Win for Oceans, Fisheries and the Poor?

The world has observed an unprecedented rise in production, consumption and trade of fish during last three decades. Developing countries as a whole supply nearly 75% of the fish, and represent 50% of the value of global fish trade. At a time when receipts from traditional agricultural exports have been declining, export earnings from fish seem to be paying the food imports bills in many low-income food-deficient countries. While these trends are likely to continue to 2020, questions are being raised about the integrity of world’s oceans and fisheries, and the true role of fisheries in eliminating poverty and improving nutritional security of the poor. This paper reviews the changing structure of fish supply, demand and trade, and investigates the impact of fisheries practices on the natural environment, the crucial role of technology, and the role of policy at both national and international levels. The impact of changes can be most profound on the natural environment, and least beneficial to the poorest people in our world community due to the exclusion of the poor from property rights, technologies and markets; the rising price of lowvalue food fish to the poor, and the alarming rate of degradation of fisheries and the environment in developing countries. The complexities of food safety, and public health concerns in the importing countries, can dramatically affect market access by poor citizens in developing countries. Poverty reduction, inclusive development and environmental protection must become more central themes in the dialogue between advocates for the poor and for the environment, representatives of the fish industry, and political leaders and international policy- makers.
Impact of increased dissolved organic carbon and nutrient loading on humic lake phytoplankton

The effects of increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loading on the phytoplankton of a small humic lake (Alinen Mustajarvi) were studied in a whole-lake manipulation experiment during 2007–2009. 2007 was a control year without any manipulation, cane sugar was added monthly to the lake during 2008 and 2009, and additional responses to inorganic nutrient additions were examined with small-scale field enclosures three times during the open water season of 2009. The aim was to increase the amount of easily degradable DOC for heterotrophic bacteria without affecting the light climate for phytoplankton. Differences in responses of autotrophs and mixotrophs were studied. There were no consistent responses to increased DOC loading; phytoplankton communities in the two manipulation years were very different. The most pronounced change was the dominance of the raphidophyte Gonyostomum semen during the second manipulation year, but this was probably not due to the manipulation. There were no differences in the responses of autotrophs and mixotrophs. In summer phytoplankton growth was co-limited by phosphorus and nitrogen, but during other times the community was not nutrient limited. Any future increase in DOC loading will likely affect the phytoplankton community only if it is accompanied by increased inorganic nutrient loading, and even then mostly during summer.
An Investigation of Attention Control Ability in Monolinguals, Bilinguals and Trilinguals

Cognitive characteristics of people are not in the same level, and facing with some situations and experiences may cause change to these features, although they may not be changed because of some factors. Here an attempt has been made to investigate one of these cognitive charactristics_ attention control ability, variations, if any, in the scope of native, second and foreign language. This study was a quantitative correlational study. A sample of 90 Iranian people (monolinguals, bilinguals, and trilinguals) was drawn from different universities and foreign language institutes . Quantitative data were collected through a valid questionnaire (attention control scale). The finding revealed that there is no significant difference between these three groups of people in terms of attention control ability.
Life Cycle Cost Calculation at the Transport Company in the Supply of Production of Wooden Houses – Case Study

A correct information manager's decision-maker database is a very important element that substantially affects its success. This article presents the potential of using the methodology of life cycle cost calculation in the conditions of a transport company that focuses on the logistic supply of wood-housing producers. The problem is presented through a case study and addresses the decision-making aspect of the decision about acquisition of the transport vehicle. This decision uses time value indicators, inflation rates, average rate of profitability of industry and life cycle costs. Due to the short life cycle of the analyzed period, it was not necessary to consider the ergonomic requirements resulting from the trend of anthropometric dimensions growth.
Innovationsland Österreich F&E, Unternehmensentwicklung und Standortattraktivität.

Das Innovationssystem hat wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung und die internationale Wettbewerbsfahigkeit der Unternehmen. F&E-intensive Unternehmen wachsen schneller, schaffen mehr Arbeitsplatze und sind krisenrobuster. Sie starken das Wachstum und stabilisieren die Konjunktur. Der Staat ist auf drei Ebenen gefordert: (i) Mit den Investitionen in die Grundlagenforschung, die forschungsnahe Ausbildung und die technologische Infrastruktur erbringt er zentrale Vorleistungen fur die private F&E. (ii) Mit dem Abbau von Marktstorungen durch Schutz intellektueller Eigentumsrechte, Beseitigung von Finanzierungsengpassen und mit gunstigen rechtlichen und steuerlichen Rahmenbedingungen verbessert er Umfang und Qualitat der privaten F&E. (iii) Mit komplementaren Masnahmen, die den Strukturwandel erleichtern und die Standortattraktivitat wahren, starkt er die gunstigen Auswirkungen der privaten Innovation auf die gesamtwirtschaftliche Entwicklung. In zehn Punkten fasst die Studie die Prioritaten fur eine neue Innovationsstrategie zusammen.
Evaluation of polymorphism in BMP-15 gene and the relationship with milk production and reproductive performance in Iraqi awassi ewes

The study was conducted to investigate the relationship of BMP-15 gene polymorphism with total milk production (TMP), milk components and fecundity by using 60 Awassi ewes in the First Research Station/College of Agriculture/AL-Muthanna University. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect polymorphisms of BMP-15 gene in this sheep breed. Results of gene which encloses the Hinf1 endonuclease restriction enzyme show two genotypes (AA and BB). The frequencies of the A and B alleles not differed significantly in the sample (0.48 and 0.52 respectively). The results showed the absence of heterozygous (AB). Results showed a significant difference (P˂0.01) between the ewes with AA and BB genotypes on TMP, it was 69.62 and 76.52 kg for AA and BB genotypes respectively while the lactation period was not differed significantly between the AA and BB groups. Lactose percent was affected significantly (P˂0.05) by BMP-15 polymorphism, the highest value was in AA group (4.51%) compared with BB (4.41%) while percent of milk fat, milk protein and solid not fat content were not affected significantly by BMP-15 polymorphism. Litter size was affected significantly (P˂0.01) by BMP-15 genotype, the highest litter size was in BB group (1.26) while the least litter size was in AA group (1.07).
A Symbolic Solver Based Software For Wind Field EvaluationIn Complex Coastal Areas

An explicit rule based solving engine seems able to estimate any parameter with some advantages regarding evaluation time and solution accuracy. The usual approach requires, for the evaluation of a single scenario, the inversion of the matrix of related coefficient while the solver rule procedure allows easy adjustments of the evaluation engine. In the former approach, a rapid atmospheric state modification could require an entire re-formulation of the governing equation. This is more evident if related to special scenarios such as valley or coast/valley environments. In this work the problem of a finite volume formulation of the wind field equations is addressed to relate approximations of governing equations to low atmosphere coastal environments. The approach seems to have interesting advantages in evaluation time reduction and possible increase in accuracy.
Transverse nucleon structure and diagnostics of hard parton-parton processes at LHC

We propose a new method to determine at what transverse momenta particle production in high-energy pp collisions is governed by hard parton-parton processes. Using information on the transverse spatial distribution of partons obtained from hard exclusive processes in ep/\gamma p scattering, we evaluate the impact parameter distribution of pp collisions with a hard parton-parton process as a function of p_T of the produced parton (jet). We find that the average pp impact parameters in such events depend very weakly on p_T in the range 2 < p_T < few 100 GeV, while they are much smaller than those in minimum-bias inelastic collisions. The impact parameters in turn govern the observable transverse multiplicity in such events (in the direction perpendicular to the trigger particle or jet). Measuring the transverse multiplicity as a function of p_T thus provides an effective tool for determining the minimum p_T for which a given trigger particle originates from a hard parton-parton process.
Heuristic Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Uncovering Community in Complex Networks

Community structure is important for us to understand the functions and structure of the complex networks. In this paper, Heuristic Artificial Bee Colony (HABC) algorithm based on swarm intelligence is proposed for uncovering community. The proposed HABC includes initialization, employed bee searching, onlooker searching, and scout bee searching. In initialization stage, the nectar sources with simple community structure are generated through network dynamic algorithm associated with complete subgraph. In employed bee searching and onlooker searching stages, the searching function is redefined to address the community problem. The efficiency of searching progress can be improved by a heuristic function which is an average agglomerate probability of two neighbor communities. Experiments are carried out on artificial and real world networks, and the results demonstrate that HABC will have better performance in terms of comparing with the state-of-the-art algorithms.
The impact of the Jurassic hydrothermal activity on zircon fission track data from the southern Upper Rhine Graben area

The influence of the Jurassic hydrothermal activity on the interpretation of fission track (FT) data from the southern Upper Rhine Graben (URG) is elaborated by means of new zircon FT analyses on samples with known U/Pb crystallisation ages. Zircon FT central ages display a wide spectrum from 162 ± 14 Ma to 247 ± 22 Ma. The combination of the U/Pb ages, independent geologic evidence (such as Mesozoic subsidence history, timing of hydrothermal activity, and apatite FT ages) and the zircon FT data unambigously indicate a Jurassic thermal overprint in the investigated area. It is suggested that circulating hydrothermal fluids with temperatures in the order of 200-250 °C were responsible for the observed thermal anomaly. The Jurassic hydrothermal fluid migration appears to have been related to a heating event on a regional scale. Inferences from FT analyses related to burial or denudation history have to take into account how such hydrothermal events affect the FT system, including a changing geothermal gradient with time.
Optimal series representation of fractional Brownian sheets

For 0 < γ < 2 let B γ be a d–dimensional γ–fractional Brownian sheet with index set [0, 1] and let (ξk)k≥1 be an i.i. d. sequence of standard normal random variables. We prove the existence of continuous functions uk such that a.s. B γ(t) = ∞ ∑ k=1 ξk uk(t), t ∈ [0, 1], and ( E sup t∈[0,1]d ∣∣ ∞ ∑ k=n ξk uk(t) ∣∣2 )1/2 ≈ n−γ/2 (1 + log n)d(γ+1)/2−γ/2 . This order is shown to be optimal. As application we get small ball estimates for B γ extending former results in the case γ = 1. Our investigations rest upon basic properties of different kinds of s–numbers of operators. Abbreviated title: Representation of Fractional Sheets
Eggshell pigmentation: a review

The variation in avian egg coloration, as a view from assuring animal reproduction successfully, has been explained to be a result of crypsis or mimetism, although other potential functions like filtering solar radiation has also been described. It is often a cultural preference for one color over another. The major reason which prompts the customer to select special egg color depends on customer’s preference. Major pigments present in bird eggshells are protoporphyrin-IX, biliverdin-IX, and its zinc chelate. Biliverdin, a green pigment, is a byproduct of hemoglobin metabolisms and will eventually display a blue or green color in the eggshell. Protoporphyrines, in contrast to biliverdin, are an immediate precursor of the heme molecule, which gives eggshells a reddish or brown color. It is speculated that eggshell pigments are derived from disintegration of erythrocytes in the mucous layer of the shell gland. The blood and shell gland are considered as sites of biosynthesis of eggshell porphyrins. The timing for pigments secreted from epithelium cells of shell gland is varies among different species of birds. There are several factors such as stress, age, chemotherapeutic agents, diseases, and environmental factors, which are responsible for decreasing the intensity or almost total loss of eggshell color. But, egg color for different species varies mostly depending on different genetics or gene expression.
Tunable topological phononic crystals

Topological insulators, first observed in electronic systems, have inspired many analogues in photonic and phononic crystals in which remarkable one-way propagation edge states are supported by topologically nontrivial bandgaps. Such bandgaps can be achieved by breaking the time-reversal symmetry to lift the degeneracy associated with Dirac cones at the corners of the Brillouin zone. Here, we report on our construction of a phononic crystal exhibiting a Dirac-like cone in the Brillouin zone center. We demonstrate that simultaneously breaking the time-reversal symmetry and altering the geometric size of the unit cell result in a topological transition that is verified by the Chern number calculation and edge mode analysis. The topology of the bandgap is tunable by varying both the velocity field and the geometric size; such tunability may dramatically enrich the design and use of acoustic topological insulators.
Histopathological effects of nanosilver (Ag-NPs) in liver after dermal exposure during wound healing

Objective(s): With the advent of nanotechnology, significant progress has been made in the area of nanoscale materials such as nanosilver (Ag -Nps). These nanoparticles have a wide range of applications and been used for antimicrobial purposes for more than a century. However, little attention has been paid to the toxicity of nanosilver wound dressing. This study was designed to investigate the possible histopathological toxicity of Ag-NPs in liver of mice during wound healing. Materials and Methods: A group of 50 female BALB/c mice of about 8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: Ag-NPs and control groups (n=25). After creating similar wound on the backs of all animals, the wound bed was treated in Ag -NPs group, with a volume of 50 microliters of the nanosilver so lution (10ppm) ,and in control group, with the same amount of distilled water. The experiment lasted for 14 days. Histopathaological samplings of liver were conducted on days 2, 7 and 14 of the experiment. Results: Histopathological studies demonstrated ti me-dependent changes in mice liver treated with Ag-NPs compared to control group. Some changes include dilation in central venous, hyperemia, cell swelling, increase of Kupffer and inflammatory cells. Conclusion: This study suggests that use of nanosilver for wound healing may cause a mild toxicity, as indicated by time -dependent toxic responses in liver tissue. However, this issue will have to be considered more extensively in further studies.
A Novel DTC-SVM Method For Induction Motor Fed By Matrix Converter

This paper presents a novel DTC-SVM method for matrix converter (MC) fed induction motor. The advantages of DTC method are combined with the advantages of the matrix converter based on space vector modulation (SVM) technique. This proposed novel method provides a precious input power factor control capability beside the high control performances. Furthermore, Conventional principles of DTC and SVM of MC were described. The combination of the two was given in detail. The FFT spectrum analysis of the input current shows the better harmonic contents as compared to the conventional DTC method. Finally, the simulation and experiment research were carried out to identify the new method effectiveness. The results of induction motor control at both steady state and transient state are shown to improve the low-speed performance and strong adaptability of this novel control strategy.
Relationships between mini nutritional assessment and functional status in elderly Iranian people living in nursing homes

B a ckground: Nutrition status is an important constituent of health in an elderly and evaluation of these groups are necessary for development of treatment protocols. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition with mini nutritional assessment (MNA) tool in the elderly living in nursing homes. In addition, the association of MNA results and functional status was investigated. M ethods : 245 of elderly residents in nursing homes in Tehran (90 men and 155 women) were studied. Data were collected using the MNA, anthropometric measurement, and functional evaluations by Katz Index. Results : 35.1% showed normal status while 55.9% have been classified at risk malnutrition and 9% suffered from severe malnutrition based on MNA scores. Katz score showed that 20.4% older people absolutely depended on others for all of activities for daily living. There was significant difference in score of Katz index according to gender (p < 0.050). A positive correlation was found between MNA scale and Katz index (r = 0.251, n = 245, and p = 0.001). Analysis of logistic regression controlled for age and gender showed in those at risk of malnutrition a higher MNA score significantly lowered the risk of being dependent based on Katz index (odds ratio: 2.14, confidence interval: 1.15-3.98 and p = 0.016), however this relationship was not observed elderly subjects who were malnourished [2.53 (0.92-6.95) and p = 0.070). Conclusion : The study demonstrates high provenance of risk malnutrition, as well as the close association between functional status and nutritional status in the elderly subjects. Considering the results, a larger study concerning nutritional status and functionality in the elderly living in nursing homes is warranted.
Assessing the Distributional Impacts of Transferable Pollution Permits: The Case of Phosphorus Pollution Management at a River Basin Scale

Although the initial allocation of pollution permits is neutral in terms of efficiency, it does have a significant impact on distributive equity. In this paper, we examine the two main categories of permit allocation rules, the distributive and the reductive, for controlling phosphorus pollution in a small catchment in South West England. Based on the premise that the regulatory choice compromises efficiency and equity, the main result of this paper is that an allocation of permits in proportion to the intensity of environmental preferences is a “win-win” choice. The reason is that it simultaneously achieves two goals. First, it is efficient (or cost-effective) since a permit system achieves a prespecified target at a minimum abatement cost, while second, it is the only allocation rule which reduces the income inequality of the baseline scenario.