Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Hajjah, Yemen.

OBJECTIVE Incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma seems to be relatively high in Yemen but not well documented. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical profile of the Yemeni patients of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and to evaluate the possible relationship to kath chewing. METHODS With the help of a special protocol, all the patients of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma seen between October 1997 and December 1998 at the Ear, Nose and Throat and Dermatology Clinics of Saudi Hospital, Hajjah, Yemen Republic were subjected to detailed analysis. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic studies in all the cases. RESULTS All the 36 patients (23 male and 13 female) were Yemani nationals, aged 18 to 80 years (median age 50 years). Thirty patients were Kath addicts. The tumor was localized to the oral cavity in 17 (47%) patients, oropharynx in 1 (3%) patient, nasopharynx in 15 (42%) patients and larynx in 3 (8%) patients. CONCLUSION The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma seems to be relatively high, especially the oral squamous cell carcinoma, all of whom had a habit of kath chewing, which may be considered as an important contributing factor.
An electron microscope study of squamous cell carcinoma in merino sheep associated with keratin-filled cysts of the skin.

Summary The fine structure of a naturally occurring cystic condition of the skin in Merino sheep and associated squamous cell carcinoma was studied and compared with the fine structure of the normal interfollicular epidermis of the sheep. A number of obvious differences were observed—namely, large intercellular spaces, microvillus formation, gaps in the basement membrane, fewer desmosomes, and in the tumor cells only, 2 large nucleoli with a prominent nucleolonema.
Psychosocial risk factors for eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE One goal in identifying psychosocial risk factors is to discover opportunities for intervention. The purpose of this review is to examine psychosocial risk factors for disordered eating, placing research findings in the larger context of how etiological models for eating disorders can be transformed into models for intervention. METHOD A qualitative literature review was conducted focusing on psychological and social factors that increase the risk for developing eating disorders, with an emphasis on well-replicated findings from prospective longitudinal studies. RESULTS Epidemiological, cross-cultural, and longitudinal studies underscore the importance of the idealization of thinness and resulting weight concerns as psychosocial risk factors for eating disorders. Personality factors such as negative emotionality and perfectionism contribute to the development of eating disorders but may do so indirectly by increasing susceptibility to internalize the thin ideal or by influencing selection of peer environment. During adolescence, peers represent self-selected environments that influence risk. DISCUSSION Peer context may represent a key opportunity for intervention, as peer groups represent the nexus in which individual differences in psychological risk factors shape the social environment and social environment shapes psychological risk factors. Thus, peer-based interventions that challenge internalization of the thin ideal can protect against the development of eating pathology.
Interferon-Induced Depression in Chronic Hepatitis C: A Review of Its Prevalence, Risk Factors, Biology, and Treatment Approaches

Hepatitis C viral infection is a global health problem that affects approximately 4 million people in the United States. Combination treatment with pegylated interferon (IFN)-α plus ribavirin has been shown to be most effective in treating patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Despite its efficacy, one of the most common side effects of this regimen is depression. Whereas IFN-α has been found to induce depression in chronic myelogenous leukemia, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma, CHC patients may be especially prone to develop IFN-induced depression. This review includes a summary of differences between IFN-α and IFN-β and addresses whether pegylation of IFN (versus nonpegylated IFN) gives rise to a treatment with reduced potential to induce depressive symptoms. Consideration is also given to evidence showing that treatment with ribavirin may contribute to IFN-induced depression. Thyroid disorders and anemia (as well as other medical conditions) have also been associated with IFN exposure and may account for some incidences of depression in CHC patients. Evidence is reviewed indicating that prior psychiatric and mood disorders (especially previous episodes of major depressive disorder), just prior to IFN treatment, contribute to the propensity to develop depression during treatment. In addition, a brief description is provided of potential biological mechanisms of IFN-induced depression (ie, monoamines, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical [HPA] axis, proinflammatory cytokines, peptidases, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and nitric oxide). Finally, a discussion is provided on the use of antidepressants as a preventative versus restorative treatment, including a commentary on risks of using antidepressants in this patient population.
Atypical exanthems associated with Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection in children and adults

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection may differently manifest in various age groups. Erythema infectiosum (‘fifth disease’) is the most common B19V manifestations in children. Arthralgias and arthritis, with or without rash, are common manifestations of B19V infection in adults. Pruritus is usually present in adults and children. However, other cutaneous manifestations and atypical exanthems have been occasionally reported during B19V infection. To investigate the putative role of B19V infection in atypical exanthems, a total of 390 consecutive patients with atypical exanthems were analysed for B19V infection by determining B19V IgG and IgM antibodies titres in acute and convalescent phase as well as B19V DNA detection in serum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Atypical exanthems resulted related to B19V infection in 6 of the 120 pediatric (5%) and 14 of the 270 adult patients (5.2%). In conclusion this study reveals that atypical exanthems related to B19V infection are possible both in children and in adults, with a similar prevalence. J. Med. Virol. 87:1981–1984, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute versus chronic phenytoin therapy and neuromuscular blockade

the anaesthetist in addition to customary monitoring. A questionnaire was completed by the staff when the patient arrived in the PAR. The patients studied were aged between 4 months and 15 years. The monitor was well-accepted by the medical and nursing staff and was found to be useful and reliable in 23 out of 25 cases. The ,small size, portability and simplicity of the monitor were the features most frequently favoured by the users. The monitor was deemed to be unreliable in two patients in whom visual but no audio signals were displayed. The audio failure may be attributed in part to an inadequate gain setting in these patients. Negative comments concerned the relatively short duration (5 hours) of battery power available when the bar-graph is used. This problem can be overcome by disabling the bar-graph, and relying only on the audible indication of respiration. The monitor can be used for approximately 50 hours when only audio indicator is in use. We would like to acknowledge the help of the anaesthetists who participated in the evaluation of the breath monitor, especially Dr D. Shulman.
An interaction-based approach to detecting highly interactive Twitter communities using tweeting links

The immense popularity and rapid growth of Online Social Networks (OSN) have attracted the interest of researchers and companies, particularly in how users group together to form communities online. While many community detection algo- rithms have been developed to detect communities on such OSNs, most of these algorithms are based only on topological links and researchers have observed that many topological links do not translate to actual user interaction. As such, many members of the detected communities do not communicate frequently to each other. This inactivity creates a problem in targeted adver- tising and viral marketing, which require the community to be highly active so as to facilitate the diffusion of product/service information. We propose an approach to detect highly interactive Twitter communities that share common interests, based on the frequency and patterns of direct tweeting among users, rather than the topological information implicit in follower/following links. Our experimental results show that communities detected by our proposed approach are more cohesive and connected within different interest groups, based on topological measures. We also show that the detected communities actively interact about the specific interests, based on the high frequency of #hashtags and @mentions related to this interest. In addition, we study the trends in their tweeting patterns such as how they follow and unfollow other users, and observe that our approach detects communities comprising users whose links are more persistent compared to those in other groups of users.
Iris Recognition Based on Fractal Dimension of Extreme Value Weighted Mean

In the area of content-based image retrieval, the feature-matching algorithm based on color histogram intersection ignores the similarity of different color. In located. Then, we proposed extreme value weighted mean image-matching algorithm based on sphere similarity of match stage, we adopted correlation classifier to recognize experimental results show that the new algorithm achieves weighted mean fractal dimension has wide range to express iris. The recognition algorithm is high precise and rapid
EVALUATION OF LIPID AND LIPOPROTEIN PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

Objective: To evaluate the pattern of lipid and lipoprotein profile in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: In this prospective study, which was carried out in Basrah, Southern Iraq, serum concentrations of glucose “fasting blood sugar” (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) were measured in 92 patients (43 males and 49 females) with T2D and 120 control subjects (35 males and 85 females). Results: Patients with T2D have significantly higher serum concentrations of TC, LDL-C, TG, VLDL-C and LDLC/HDL-C ratio (P<0.001) and significantly lower HDL-C serum concentration (P<0.001) compared to control subjects. Male patients with T2D showed significantly higher TC, LDL-C serum concentrations and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in comparison to control subjects (P<0.001), while serum HDL-C concentration was significantly lower among T2D patients compared to controls (P<0.001). No significant differences were seen in serum TG and VLDL-C concentrations between male patients and control subjects (P>0.05). In females, serum levels of TC, LDL-C, TG, VLDL-C, and LDL-C/ HDL-C ratio were significantly higher (P<0.001), and serum HDL-C level was significantly lower (P<0.05) in patients with T2D than in control subjects. Conclusion: T2D has marked effects on lipid and lipoprotein profile causing a diversity of dyslipidaemia, that might lead to atherosclerosis, and hence, increasing the risk of coronary heart disease.
Sex‐related spatial kin structure in a spring population of grey‐sided voles Clethrionomys rufocanus as revealed by mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA analyses

Polymerase chain reaction‐directed mitochondria (mt) and microsatellite DNA analyses were performed to examine the kin structure in a spring population of grey‐sided voles Clethrionomys rufocanus in Hokkaido, Japan. The spatial distribution of 81 voles in a trapping grid (about 1 ha) was estimated by using the catch‐mark‐release method. DNA samples were extracted from the toes clipped for individual identification. Maternal lineages of voles were unequivocally determined by the mtDNA haplotypes, as identified by nucleotide sequencing of the control region. Relatedness between individuals was estimated based on the genotype and allele frequencies at several microsatellite loci. Although the distribution of voles was uniform within the grid, neighbouring females were frequently from the same maternal lineage. Relatedness values between females correlated negatively with geographical distances. Combination of the two molecular markers revealed four clusters of closely related, matrilineal females in the population, whereas no such cluster was apparent in males. The present study first demonstrated a sex‐related spatial kin structure in a natural population of the grey‐sided vole.
Children exposed to domestic violence: Assessment and psychopathology

La exposicion a violencia domestica es un problema actual y complejo con consecuencias negativas en la salud mental de los ninos. Objetivo: responder a las siguientes cuestiones sobre los efectos de la exposicion a violencia domestica en la salud mental de los ninos: a) que debe ser evaluado; b) que tipo de psicopatologia tienen los ninos que acuden a centros de salud mental y han estado expuestos a violencia domestica; c) que caracteristicas de la situacion de violencia son mas importantes a la hora de predecir psicopatologia en los ninos; y d) que rol tienen los estilos parentales del padre y de la madre en situaciones de violencia domestica. Metodo: se uso un diseno de cohortes retrospectivo; una cohorte estaba formada por madres que consultaban un centro publico para mujeres maltratadas y sus hijos, y otra cohorte formada por mujeres no maltratadas y sus hijos. Se aplicaron entrevistas diagnosticas, cuestionarios y auto-registros completados por las madres y sus hijos con el objetivo de valorar el funcionamiento de los ninos, psicopatologia, variables individuales y familiares. El analisis estadistico incluyo regresiones logisticas, ANOVAs, modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, y ecuaciones generalizadas de estimacion. Resultados: Se propone un protocolo de evaluacion para ninos expuestos a violencia domestica. Ninos que acuden a centros de salud mental y han estado expuestos a violencia domestica muestran necesidades especificas diferentes a aquellos ninos que acuden a consulta pero no han estado expuestos a ello, en relacion a la psicopatologia, el deterioro funcional, y variables familiares e individuales. Las diferentes caracteristicas de la violencia domestica, como el tipo de violencia sufrido por la madre, la proximidad del nino a esta violencia, o las caracteristicas del agresor, afectan de manera diferencial en la psicopatologia del nino y su funcionamiento. Los estilos educativos de la madre median en los efectos de la violencia psicologica hacia la mujer en la psicopatologia y funcionamiento del nino, mientras que los estilos educativos del padre no moderan este efecto. Conclusiones: Se deben llevar a cabo esfuerzos para detectar e intervenir en las situaciones de exposicion a violencia domestica para mejorar el bienestar de estos ninos.
The early development of the corpus luteum in the mare.

Although the macroscopic changes occurring in the ovary of the mare during the oestrous cycle have been fully described, there is relatively little known of the associated microscopic changes or of the formation of the corpus luteum. Seaborn (1925) followed the oestrous cycle and described the changes in the ovary in nineteen mares, and Kupfer (1928) reported on the macroscopic changes found in 360 South African donkeys and horses. Day (1940) determined the length of oestrus, dioestrus, and the time of ovulation in eight pony mares. Hammond & Wodzicki (1941) corroborated Day's findings and reviewed the gross changes that occurred in the reproductive organs of six mares. The above investigators mention only the macroscopic changes in the appearance of the developing corpus luteum. Seaborn & Champy (1923) give a brief description of the development of the corpus luteum and say: 'les cellules a luteine sont ici d'origine thecale, tries surement. ' Cole, Howell & Hart (1931) divide the period of development of the corpus luteum of pregnancy into three stages, and remark (p. 205) on its 'lace-like' structure in the youngest stage. Haller (1939) describes the retrogression of the corpus luteum during the later part of pregnancy. The present work was undertaken to investigate the histology of the early corpus luteum in a series of animals in which the ages of the corpora lutea were fairly accurately known. In some of these animals ova had been recovered from the tube or uterus.
The interpretation of the extracellular response of single lateral geniculate cells

In the two preceding papers (Bishop, Burke & Davis, 1962 a, b) we have described the responses of single optic tract fibres, lateral geniculate cells and optic radiation axons to orthodromic and antidromic stimulation. In these papers also we discussed the part played by the type of electrode in determining the character of the response, the changes that occur in the responses with time and the wave form of unit responses from axons. In the present paper we provide an interpretation of the wave form of the extracellular responses of single cells in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body (LGN) of the cat. Although the wave form of intracellular responses has been discussed extensively, much less attention has been paid to the extracellular wave form. However, there have been valuable discussions by Svaetichin (1951, 1958), Tasaki, Polley & Orrego (1954), Fatt (1957a, b), Hakansson (1957), Freygang (1958), Freygang & Frank (1959) and Murakami, Watanabe & Tomita (1961). From the experimental point ofview we have endeavoured to analyse the wave form by splitting it into its separate components. The results suggest; that extracellular recording may reveal information not available from intracellular records. In view of the increasing use of implanted electrodes, further detailed study is very desirable (cf. Nelson, Frank & Rall, 1960). METHODS
Offline and Online Adaboost for Detecting Anatomic Structures by Hong Wu A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Approved July 2011 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Jianming Liang, Chair

Detecting anatomical structures, such as the carina, the pulmonary trunk and the aortic arch, is an important step in designing a CAD system of detection Pulmonary Embolism. The presented CAD system gets rid of the high-level prior defined knowledge to become a system which can easily extend to detect other anatomic structures. The system is based on a machine learning algorithm — AdaBoost and a general feature — Haar. This study emphasizes on off-line and on-line AdaBoost learning. And in on-line AdaBoost, the thesis further deals with extremely imbalanced condition. The thesis first reviews several knowledge-based detection methods, which are relied on human being’s understanding of the relationship between anatomic structures. Then the thesis introduces a classic off-line AdaBoost learning. The thesis applies different cascading scheme, namely multi-exit cascading scheme. The comparison between the two methods will be provided and discussed. Both of the off-line AdaBoost methods have problems in memory usage and time consuming. Off-line AdaBoost methods need to store all the training samples and the dataset need to be set before training. The dataset cannot be enlarged dynamically. Different training dataset requires retraining the whole process. The retraining is very time consuming and even not realistic. To deal with the shortcomings of off-line learning, the study exploited online AdaBoost learning approach. The thesis proposed a novel pool based on-line method with Kalman filters and histogram to better represent the distribution of the samples’ weight. Analysis of the performance, the stability and the computational complexity will be provided in the thesis.
Pyrethroids and Their Effects on Ion Channels

Ion channels are integral membrane proteins that are critical for neuronal function. They form pores in the plasma membrane that allow certain ions to travel with their concentration gradient across the membrane. Those that open in response to a change in membrane potential are called voltage-gated ion channels. Channels that open in response to binding by a chemical signal or molecule are ligand-gated ion channels. In neurons, ion channels are essential for chemical communication between cells, or synaptic transmission. Ion channels also function to maintain membrane potential and initiate and propagate electrical impulses.
Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Services: Young Men's Perspectives

This study aimed to identify health issues that affect young men and the barriers they experience in accessing care. Participants were 48 minority men 18–28 years old, distributed among 9 focus groups. Four main themes emerged in the study. First, the authors identified sexually transmitted infections, mental health problems, and drug use as major health issues. Second, participants identified attitudinal and institutional barriers to accessing care. This included denial; fear; embarrassment; perception that it is not considered manly to seek help; cost; and accessibility. Third, focus group participants felt that services have to be augmented in order to address the specific needs of men. Last, participants suggested strategies to attract men to family planning clinics that are consistent with a youth culture. Focus groups are effective in obtaining input in order to augment services for men.
Managing depression in primary care: it's not only what you do it's the way that you do it.

Common mental health problems place significant demands on primary care services both in terms of time and resources.1,2 Of the common mental health problems, depression and anxiety make up about 97%. 3 Depression is costly to the individual, their family and community, and represents a significant loss of human capital. It poses a considerable burden to the national economy4 and people with depression represent the largest single group receiving incapacity benefits.5,6 Depression is often chronic, has high relapse rates, increases the likelihood of suicide, and is associated with an increased risk of many physical disorders.7 It continues to present a major public health challenge8 despite public education campaigns and evidence-based treatment.9,10 Four papers in this month's BJGP highlight some of the potential problems of treating patients with depression. Patients frequently do not take antidepressant medication as prescribed with as few as 10% of patients completing a course of treatment.11 Van Geffen et al , in this issue of the BJGP , explore the rates of commencing treatment in patients prescribed antidepressants.12 They found that 28% of people newly prescribed an antidepressant by their GP never cashed in their prescriptions or only did so on one occasion. This failure to take the prescribed antidepressants was higher in people given antidepressants for non-specific indications, such as sleep problems, fatigue, relationship problems, and in non-Western immigrants and older people. This compares to drop-out rates for psychological therapies of about 30%7 and poses a particular challenge for healthcare professionals. Antidepressant prescribing has risen in many countries over recent years. Morrison et al , in this issue of the journal, surveyed antidepressant prescribing in Scotland, and found wide prescribing variations.13 These variations showed a positive association with morbidity levels, …