Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological aspects of ammonium and nitrate fertilization.

Abstract Various physiological effects of ammonium, nitrate and mixed ammonium‐nitrate nutrition of plants have been studied in this laboratory during the last years. Some of the characteristic distinctions observed between plants growing on these nitrogen sources are described and discussed. Biomass production of ammonium‐grown plants increased with K+ concentration in the nutrient medium between 0.1 to 3 mM , while nitrate‐fed plants reached maximal growth around 0.25 mM K+ . The water use efficiency (WUE) of ammonium‐fed plants was lower and also more dependent on K+ than that of plants receiving nitrate. At low K+ levels (0.1 mM) in the medium, plants growing on ammonium‐N spent nearly twice as much water through transpiration per unit mass than nitrate‐fed plants. WUE of plants receiving NH4NO3 was poor at low K+ (similar to ammonium‐fed plants) but at high K+ this plants grew even better than nitrate‐grown plants. Overall transpiration per plant was little affected by K+ levels in the medium. Conseq.
High‐Temperature Equation of State

An equation of state is obtained in closed form for a gas composed of molecules with a Lennard‐Jones (n, 6) potential. It is derived by expanding the partition function in powers of n−1 and expanding the attractive part of the potential in powers of T−1. The resulting equation is of the form P/ρkT=A+B/T+ClogT where A, B, and C can be simply expressed in terms of known hard‐sphere quantities such as the compressibility factor and the radial distribution function as functions of density. The equation contains no adjustable parameters and reliably reproduces PVT data up to densities of 40 mole/liter and reduced temperatures as low as 3.
DRUG CHOICE AS A SELF-HANDICAPPING STRATEGY IN RESPONSE TO NONCONTINGENT SUCCESS

In two closely related experiments, college student subjects were instructed to choose between a drug that allegedly interfered with performance and a drug that allegedly enhanced performance. This choice was the main dependent measure of the experiment. The drug choice intervened between work on soluble or insoluble problems and a promised retest on similar problems. In Experiment 1, all subjects received success feedback after their initial problem-solving attempts, thus creating one condition in which the success appeared to be accidental (noncontingent on performance) and one in which the success appeared to be contingent on appropriate knowledge. Males in the noncontingent-success condition were alone in preferring the performance-inhibiting drug, presumably because they wished to externalize probable failure on the retest. The predicted effect, however, did not hold for female subjects. Experiment 2 replicated the unique preference shown by males after noncontingent success and showed the critical importance of success feedback.
Effects of nitrogen doping and illumination on lattice constants and conductivity behavior of zinc oxide grown by magnetron sputtering

A yellow-orange nitrogen-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:N) film was deposited on a quartz glass substrate at 510K by reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering of a ZnO target with sputtering gas of nitrogen. The lattice constants of the as-grown ZnO:N are much larger than those of undoped ZnO, and decrease with increasing annealing temperature due to escape of the nitrogen from the ZnO:N and decrease of tensile stress, accompanied with color change from yellow-orange to pale yellow. The nitrogen occupies two chemical environments in the ZnO:N based on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. One is NO acceptor formed by substitution of N atom for O sublattice, and another is (N2)O double donors produced by substitution of N molecular for O site, which make the lattice constants expanded. The as-grown ZnO:N film shows insulating, but behaves p-type conduction in the dark after annealed at 863K for 1h under 10−3Pa. Unfortunately, the p-type conduction is not stable and reverts to n type soon. However, after.
FlightTracker: Consistency across Read-Optimized Online Stores at Facebook

Social media platforms deliver fresh personalized content by performing a large number of reads from an online data store. This store must be optimized for read efficiency, availability, and scalability. Multi-layer caches and asynchronous replication can satisfy these goals, such as in Facebook’s graph store TAO, but it is challenging for the resulting system to provide a developer-friendly consistency model. TAO originally provided read-your-writes (RYW) consistency via write-through caching, but scaling challenges with this approach have led us to a new implementation. This paper introduces FlightTracker, a family of APIs and systems which now manage consistency for online access to Facebook’s graph. FlightTracker implicitly provides RYW and can be explicitly used to provide alternative consistency guarantees for special use cases; it enables flexible communication patterns between caches, which we have found important as the number of datacenters increases; it extends the same consistency guarantees to cross-shard indexes and materialized views, allowing us to transparently optimize queries; and it provides a uniform primitive for clients to obtain desired consistency guarantees across a variety of data stores. FlightTracker delivers these advantages while preserving the efficiency, latency, and availability benefits of asynchronous replication for the underlying systems, managing consistency for billions of users and more than 1015 queries per day.
A Differential Privacy Mechanism that Accounts for Network Effects for Crowdsourcing Systems

In crowdsourcing systems, it is important for the crowdsource campaign initiator to incentivize users to share their data to produce results of the desired computational accuracy. This problem becomes especially challenging when users are concerned about the privacy of their data. To overcome this challenge, existing work often aims to provide users with differential privacy guarantees to incentivize privacy-sensitive users to share their data. However, this work neglects the network effect that a user enjoys greater privacy protection when he aligns his participation behaviour with that of other users. To explore this network effect, we formulate the interaction among users regarding their participation decisions as a population game, because a user’s welfare from the interaction depends not only on his own participation decision but also the distribution of others’ decisions. We show that the Nash equilibrium of this game consists of a threshold strategy, where all users whose privacy sensitivity is below a certain threshold will participate and the remaining users will not. We characterize the existence and uniqueness of this equilibrium, which depends on the privacy guarantee, the reward provided by the initiator and the population size. Based on this equilibria analysis, we design the PINE (Privacy Incentivization with Network Effects) mechanism and prove that it maximizes the initiator’s payoff while providing participating users with a guaranteed degree of privacy protection. Numerical simulations, on both real and synthetic data, show that (i) PINE improves the initiator’s expected payoff by up to 75%, compared to state of the art mechanisms that do not consider this effect; (ii) the performance gain by exploiting the network effect is particularly good when the majority of users are flexible over their privacy attitudes and when there are a large number of low quality task performers.
Requirements of Sodium and Chloride by Leghorn Laying Hens

SUMMARY Sodium and Cl are low-cost nutrients with great influence on feed conversion ratio (FCR), eggshell quality, and excreta moisture. Actual values of dietary requirements of these minerals for commercial laying hens are not well defined. These requirements were reevaluated in a factorial experiment using corn-soybean meal basal diets. No significant influence of Na and Cl levels was observed on egg production (%), egg weight (g), or feed intake (g/d), but levels of these minerals had variable effects on FCR, eggshell quality, and excreta moisture. The optimum requirement of Na changed according to the variable evaluated and level of Cl used.
The Composting of Brewery Sludge

Sludge produced from a trickling filter effluent treatment plant dedicated to the treatment of brewery wastewater was flocculated with cationic polyelectrolytes and dewatered by centrifugation to produce a cake of around 16% (w/w) solids. This cake was mixed with spent grains, shredded office paper and straw to produce an initial mix of 34% (w/w) dried solids with a carbon: nitrogen ratio of 21:1. Temperatures of over 45°C were achieved for around 9 days in a purpose built, laboratory scale, composting unit equipped with temperature and aeration control. Dried solids (DS) were increased to about 65% (w/w) and the volatile solid fraction was reduced from 80% to 60% (w/w) of DS by microbial degradation. The compost was rich in nitrate and phosphate and was used as a peat substitute in qualitative, comparative growth trials where geranium and tomato plants were successfully grown.
Dietary Calcium Had No Reducing Effect on Body Fat and Weight Gain in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Recently, studies have focused on the effects of dietary calcium on the weight and fatness. Some of these studies have indicated that there is negative relationship between dietary calcium and body fat, while others have reported no such effects. There are also controversies over serum parathyroid hormone, as its mechanism, on body fat and weight. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of three dietary calcium levels (0.2%, 0.5% or 1.2% Ca ) on body fat and weight gain in male Sprague-Dawley rats, 2+ using same diet composition for nutrients other than calcium. The study duration was 72 days. At the end, truncal blood samples were drawn from decapitated rats to measure the effects of diets on serum calcium, PTH and vitamin D. The carcasses were minced and homogenized to measure their body fat percent by the methods of Soxhelet. There were no significant effects of dietary calcium on food intake (p>0.05), body weight gain (p>0.05) or carcass fat content (p>0.05), while the serum PTH levels were inversely related to calcium intake (p<0.05). In conclusion, our findings do not support the effects of dietary calcium and parathyroid hormone on body fat and weight.
Particle motions near the bottom in turbulent flow in an open channel. Part 2

This study continues the investigation of particle motions near the bottom in a turbulent open channel flow, reported by Sumer & Oguz (1978; hereafter referred to as part 1). Paths of suspended heavy particles were recorded in three dimensions and in time, employing a stereo-photogrammetric system coupled with a stroboscope. In the case of smooth bottom, the measured kinematical quantities concerning the particle motions were found to be in accord with the available information on the ‘bursting process’. Agreement between the particle motion and the bursting process provided further support for the mechanism of particle suspension near the bottom proposed in part 1. Similar experiments were carried out when the bottom was rough. Comparison between the smooth- and rough-bottom cases could be made on the same basis as the flow Reynolds number as well as the particle properties were kept almost unchanged in both the smooth and rough boundary experiments. The observations showed that particle motions close to the rough bottom are very similar in character to those in the smooth-bottom case. The findings of the present paper suggested that the suspension mechanism given for the smooth-boundary flow could be extended to the rough-boundary case.
Removal of copper by surface-modified celluloses: kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics

AbstractCellulose surfaces were modified by phosphoric and citric acids, and the modified celluloses were used as adsorbents to remove Cu2+ ion from the aqueous solution. The modified celluloses were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and specific surface area/zeta potential analyzers. The citric acid-modified cellulose (CAMC) removed copper more efficiently than the phosphoric acid-modified cellulose (PAMC). Optimal preparation of CAMC was by heating the cellulose in 400 mL of 1.2 M citric acid at 150°C for 3 h. FTIR measurements confirmed that the formation of carboxylic groups on CAMC surface, which increased binding with Cu2+ ions. The BET surface areas were 0.30, 0.44, and 2.4 m2/g for the original cellulose, CAMC, and PAMC, respectively, with pore sizes of 64, 32, and 7.7 nm, respectively. Experimental results showed apparent second-order adsorption kinetics and Freundlich type of adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity of CAMC for Cu.
The Effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on Profitability in Banking Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in year 2012 – 2016

Article History Received: 27.11. 2018 Accepted: 05.12. 2018 Published: 30.12. 2018 Abstract: This research aims to determine the effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) which proxied by the General Meeting of Shareholders (RUPS), Number of Commisioners (JDK), Number of Board Directors (JDD), Institutional Ownership (KI), and Audit Committee (KA) on profitability as measured by Operating Income Operating Costs (BOPO). The Sampling Technique used by this research is Purposive Sampling Technique which is using as many as 30 bank's Yearly Financial Reports that are listed in the Indonesian Securities Market on 2012-2016. Panel Data Regression used by this research as Data Analysis Method. This Research results show that the RUPS has a positive effect on BOPO as much as 6,546831 with a probability value of 0.0001 < 0.05. Means that RUPS had a significant effect on BOPO. The effect of JDK on BOPO is 1.808941 with a probability value of 0.0725> 0.05, so the JDK has no significant effect on BOPO. The effect of JDD on BOPO shows the amount of -2.440531 with a probability value of 0.0159 <0.05, so it can be concluded that JDD has a significant effect on BOPO.The KI effects on BOPO is 2.576708 with a probability value is 0.0110 <0.05, so KI has a significant effect on BOPO.The KA effects on BOPO is 0.747203 with a probability value of 0.4562> 0.05, so it can be concluded that KA has no significant effect on BOPO. This means that every change of committee assuming other variables remain (Ceteris Paribus), then BOPO does not experience changes. Keyword: Good Corporate Governance, the General Meeting of Shareholders, Institutional Ownership, the Audit Committee, and Profitabilitas.
Studies on the levels of some heavy metals in vegetables grown in three irrigation zones of Katsina state, Nigeria

Levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe and Pb in some vegetables irrigated in three irrigation zones of Katsina State have been studied using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Results revealed that Cd was not detected in any of the samples analysed while other metals were present at varying levels. Fe and Pb were found to be present in all the samples with levels above WHO/FAO recommended MPL for the metals. Highest values were obtained in Kofar Marusa irrigation area. It was thus concluded that the high levels of the metals in that area was due the fact that sewage water containing a lot of heavy metal contaminants was used for the irrigation. It was further concluded that the consumption of vegetables irrigated in that area may pose health threats to the consumers. Thus, it was recommended among others, that ban should be imposed on the use of sewage water for irrigation purpose.
Polarized Micro-Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra of L-Glutamic Acid

The infrared and polarized Raman spectra of the amino acid L-glutamic acid in the crystalline state have been recorded and measured. The data obtained have been used to propose a general assignment of the vibrational fundamentals on the basis of the intensity changes observed in the polarized Raman spectra and correlations with frequencies assigned in other amino acids and related molecules.
Running head: IMPLICATURE DERIVATION ON THE BAP 1 Underinformative Implicature Derivation on the Broader Autism Phenotype

Underinformative implicatures (UIs) are a type of inference that can give rise to two potential meanings. UIs can be either literal, which do not require the use of social inferences, or pragmatic, which necessitate social inferences. Given that individuals with autistic traits have marked deficits in communicative and social skills, there is reason to believe that these individuals approach deriving UIs differently than typically developing (TD) individuals. The current study is an attempt to replicate van Tiel and Kissine’s (2018) online assessment of how individuals on the broader autism phenotype (BAPs) derive these inferences. The present study utilizes a previously untested technique to assess UI derivation; it employs a graded scale for participants to rate the appropriateness of stimuli rather than a binary response option as all prior research had done (Pijnacker, Hagoort, Buitelaar, Teunisse, & Geurts, 2009; Chevallier, Wilson, Happé, & Noveck, 2010; Su & Su, 2015; Van Tiel & Kissine, 2018). The current study found significant differences between how all BAPs and typically developing (TD) participants respond, but not between how low scoring individuals on the BAP (Low BAPs) compared to high scoring individuals on the BAP (High BAPs) based on autism spectrum quotient scores. The present study found nearly the exact opposite of what van Tiel and Kissine (2018) found in their study. Instead of only High BAPs responding more literally on distributivity implicatures, all BAPs responded more pragmatically on all implicature types except for distributivity. In addition, these results showed evidence of cognitive inflexibility via the tendency to answer using the ends of the scale on lexicalizable implicature types. The current study concludes that there are indeed significant differences in how BAPs respond IMPLICATURE DERIVATION ON THE BAP 3 to UIs in comparison to TDs. It is possible that such differences were revealed through the employment of a graded rating scale. These results are highly relevant to making educational spaces more linguistically inclusive for neurodiverse populations.
Biomass to hydrogen via fast pyrolysis and catalytic steam reforming of the pyrolysis oil or its fractions

Pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and reforming of the pyroligneous oils are being studied as a strategy for producing hydrogen. A process of this nature has the potential to be cost competitive with conventional means of producing hydrogen. We propose a regionalized system of hydrogen production, where small- and medium-sized pyrolysis units (<500 Mg/day) provide bio-oil to a central reforming unit to be catalytically converted to H2 and CO2. Thermodynamic modeling of the major constituents of the bio-oil has shown that reforming is possible within a wide range of temperatures and steam-to-carbon ratios. In addition, screening tests aimed at catalytic reforming of model compounds to hydrogen using Ni-based catalysts have achieved essentially complete conversion to H2. Existing data on the catalytic reforming of oxygenates have been studied to guide catalyst selection. A process diagram for the pyrolysis and reforming operations is discussed, as are initial production cost estimates. A window of opport.
ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF CYMBOPOGON FLEXUOSUS IN A CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSION MODEL IN MICE

Cymbopogon flexuosus, a famous Indian perennial grass containing citral, is traditionally used to alleviate stress, anxiety and depression. Cymbopogon flexuosus, commonly known as lemongrass-are cultivated mainly for essential oils and are native to India. Due to lack of experimental studies, it is prerequisite to evaluate the antidepressant potential of C. flexuosus in experimental animals. The present study was employed to explore the antidepressant potential of C. flexuosus in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model induced depression-like behaviour in mice and to identify probable mechanism of action of C. flexuosus in amelioration of oxidative stress
Batch and column studies on zinc removal from industrial wastewater using natural clinoptilolite: factors affecting sorption capacities and kinetics

The ability of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) to take up zinc (Zn) ions from industrial wastewater was studied in batch reactors and fixed bed columns. The sorption capacities and kinetic behavior of clinoptilolite for Zn ions was studied as a function of adsorbent dosage, particle size, pH, temperature, and conditioning conditions. Fixed bed experiments were conducted in order to examine Zn uptake by clinoptilolite (0.5–0.85 mm) using three different volumetric flow rates of 2–4–6 BV h−1 under a initial concentration of 18.4 mg L−1 and initial pH value equal to 4 and ambient temperature (23°C). The sorption capacities and removal efficients was strongly dependent on pH, and to a lesser extent on other parameters examined. The highest sorption capacities were obtained at pH 4, leading to 0.34 and 2.38 mg g−1 of clinoptilolite for the batch and column studies, respectively. The XRD pattern of the as-received, and treated clinoptilolite (with both 10% HNO3 and 0.73 M NaCl at pH 10) showed significant change in the position of the most intense peaks, leading to some destructions on the crystal structure of clinoptilolite. The analysis of sorption kinetics were examined using pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models. The sorption of Zn on clinoptilolite at different ranges of experimental parameters followed only pseudo-second-order kinetic model with high correlation coefficient, suggesting that the sorption mechanism might be a chemisorption process. The highest rate coefficient (k 2) was obtained at pH 2, which was 7.2 g mg−1 min−1. The intra-particle diffusion was not rate limiting step since the low correlation coeefficients were obtained and deviation from the origin was observed. In column studies, the decrease of the flow rate resulted in increase in both breakthrough and ion exchange capacities, optimal results were obtained at flow rates lower than 6 bed volume (BV h−1). The column, which was saturated at flow rate of 3 mL min−1, was regererated with 0.73 M NaCl at 0.5 mL min−1. Desorption efficiency was 83%. Clinoptilolite samples from Turkey are effective for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater.
MICROWAVE SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF 1,2,4- TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES - A REVIEW

In the last few decades, the chemistry of 1,2,4-triazoles and their fused heterocyclic derivatives has received considerable attention owing to their synthetic and effective biological activities such as antinflammatory, CNS stimulants sedatives, antianxiety, antimicrobial agents and antimycotic activity such as fluconazole, intraconazole, voriconazole. Also, there are known drugs in market containing the 1,2,4-triazole group e.g. Triazolam, Alprazolam, Etizolam and Furacylin. Present antitubercular drugs are more toxic and multiple drug therapy is required. So it is important to find out the analogues with good antitubercular activity. Microwave heating has attracted the attention of investigators in synthesis of drugs to shorten the length of reactions significantly, to increase their selectivity, and to increase the product yields, which is particularly important in the case of high-temperature processes that take a long time. This review includes the Microwave synthesis of 1,2,4- triazoles and its reported derivatives.