Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modularisation des ontologies

De nos jours, on assiste a un developpement incessant des technologies de l'information. Ces nouvelles technologies ont permis l'elaboration de systemes intelligents a base de connaissances. Ces systemes sont principalement caracterises par le fait qu'ils sont aptes a representer la connaissance sous une forme interpretable et manipulable par des machines. Toutefois, cette amelioration devient envisageable des lors que les ontologies du domaine sont integrees dans les systemes d'information. Cette approche est justifiee par le fait que les ontologies sont considerees comme etant des structures efficaces pour la representation des connaissances du domaine. Aussi, remarque-t-on que la conception des ontologies est une tâche non triviale qui peut tout simplement etre ramenee a la reutilisation d'une ou plusieurs ontologies deja existantes. Cependant, dans la mesure ou un expert en ingenierie de connaissances aurait seulement besoin d'une partie de l'ontologie afin de realiser une tâche precise, l'obtention de cette partition representera des lors un but de la modularisation des ontologies. Dans ce travail, les differentes approches et outils de modularisation existants sont presentes. Le processus de modularisation des ontologies se fait suivant deux principales approches, a savoir le partitionnement de l'ontologie et l'extraction du module. Ce memoire traite de l'elaboration de l'outil d'extraction COMET qui est base sur une approche de modularisation hybride dans le but de tirer avantage des techniques structurelles et semantiques existantes. Un protocole d'evaluation base sur l'utilisation des metriques de qualite est mis sur pied. Par ailleurs, une etude detaillee des resultats de l'evaluation de modules generes a partir de differents outils de modularisation est realisee dans l'optique de demontrer que les performances de COMET sont superieures a celles des outils existants. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLES DE L’AUTEUR : ontologies, modularisation, metriques, evaluation des ontologies, criteres de qualite, conceptualisation, modelisation des connaissances, OWL.
Nerve Growth Factor: Stimulation of Regenerative Growth of Central Noradrenergic Neurons

The growth of new axonal sprouts was studied from transected, ascending noradrenergic axons into transplants of iris tissue in the caudal hypothalamus of the rat. A single intraventricular injection of nerve growth factor, given at the time of axonal damage, resulted in an increased formation and growth of new noradrenaline sprouts 7 days later. The effect seemed to be proportional to the administered dose of nerve growth factor.
Illness and Otological Changes During Upper Respiratory Virus Infection

Objectives: Upper respiratory virus infection is associated with the expression of symptoms and signs of illness, and with the development of complications in anatomically contiguous structures. In most epidemiological studies, the frequency of the various complications is expressed as a fraction of the total population judged to be ill by report, signs, or symptoms. Because not all infected subjects become ill and because infected non‐ill subjects may develop complications, such risk estimates could be inaccurate. The objective of this study was to estimate the magnitude of the presentation bias during controlled, experimental infections. Study Design: This was a prospective, experimental study of the relationship between illness and otological complications during experimental upper respiratory virus infection in 316 adult volunteers. Methods: The data for illness and for abnormal middle ear underpressure in adult (18–54 y) volunteers experimentally infected with one of three viruses (rhinovirus type 39, rhinovirus strain hanks, influenza A virus) were analyzed and expressed as the relative frequencies of infected subjects reporting illness, developing abnormal middle ear pressure, and developing abnormal middle ear pressure in the absence of illness. Results: For all three viruses, illness was documented in approximately 50% of the infected subjects. While the frequency of persons developing abnormal middle ear underpressure was greater in the infected‐ill subjects, approximately one third of all infected subjects developing that complication did not report illness. Conclusions: These results support a large presentation bias in epidemiological surveys of viral upper respiratory infections, and infer that those surveys underestimate the true frequency of complications resulting from such infections.
Fungal Planet description sheets: 107–127

Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Phytophthora amnicola from still water, Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi from Castanea sp. , Pseudoplagiostoma corymbiae from Corymbia sp. , Diaporthe eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus sp. , Sporisorium andrewmitchellii from Enneapogon aff. lindleyanus, Myrmecridium banksiae from Banksia, and Pilidiella wangiensis from Eucalyptus sp. Several species are also described from South Africa, namely: Gondwanamyces wingfieldii from Protea caffra, Montagnula aloes from Aloe sp. , Diaporthe canthii from Canthium inerne, Phyllosticta ericarum from Erica gracilis, Coleophoma proteae from Protea caffra, Toxicocladosporium strelitziae from Strelitzia reginae, and Devriesia agapanthi from Agapanthus africanus. Other species include Phytophthora asparagi from Asparagus officinalis (USA), and Diaporthe passiflorae from Passiflora edulis (South America). Furthermore, novel genera of coelomycetes include Chrysocrypta corymbiae from Corymbia sp. (Australia), Trinosporium guianense, isolated as a contaminant (French Guiana), and Xenosonderhenia syzygii, from Syzygium cordatum (South Africa). Pseudopenidiella piceae from Picea abies (Czech Republic), and Phaeocercospora colophospermi from Colophospermum mopane (South Africa) represent novel genera of hyphomycetes. Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.
Acute Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in SJL/J Mice Induced by a Synthetic Peptide of Myelin Proteolipid Protein

Clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural characteristics of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by sensitization with a synthetic peptide corresponding to mouse myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) residues 139-151 HCLGKWLGHPDKF were studied in SJL/J mice. Groups of mice were immunized with 20, 50, or 100 nmol of the peptide and were killed from seven to 28 days after sensitization or when they were moribund. Beginning on Day 9, the mice showed signs of EAE and the disease progressed rapidly to paralysis. Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, edema, gliosis, and demyelination were found in all mice killed between Days 10 and 28 and white matter lesion areas correlated with clinical score at the time the mice were killed. Peripheral nerve roots and the cauda equina did not have lesions. Within the range studied, the severity of clincal or histologic disease was the same regardless of the PLP peptide dose. Two often mice immunized with 100 nmol and none of 14 mice given smaller doses of a synthetic peptide of mouse myelin basic protein (MBP) showed clinical EAE. These mice had small numbers of CNS lesions that were indistinguishable from those in PLP peptide-sensitized mice. These findings demonstrate that immunization of SJL/J mice with PLP peptide 139— 151 produces a disease with the clinical and morphologic features of CNS tissue-, whole PLP-, whole MBP-, and MBP peptide-induced acute EAE. Thus, PLP is a major encephalitogen and immune reactions to epitopes of different myelin proteins may induce identical patterns of injury in the CNS.
SKIN GRAFT REJECTION CAUSED BY THE MATERNALLY TRANSMITTED ANTIGEN Mta

Mta is a medial histocompatibility antigen of the mouse. It does not stimulate a primary mixed lymphocyte response and stimulates only a very weak secondary response. Primary skin grafts are rejected with a mean survival time of 59 days by Mta- NZB recipients, and 39 days by recipients of the C57BL/6 backgroud. Rejection is accelerated in recipients primed against Mta with a skin graft or cells, especially when these differ by multiple minor histocompatibility antigens. Mta is determined by a maternally transmitted, extrachromosomal genetic element, so backcross mice reject skin from their inbred, homozygous paternal strain. Mta, therefore, constitutes a new exception to the classic laws of transplantation.
Effect of repetitive TMS and fluoxetine on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease and concurrent depression

Previous studies show that cognitive functions are more impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and depression than in nondepressed PD patients. We compared the cognitive effects of two types of antidepressant treatments in PD patients: fluoxetine (20 mg/day) versus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS, 15 Hz, 110% above motor threshold, 10 daily sessions) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Twenty‐five patients with PD and depression were randomly assigned either to Group 1 (active rTMS and placebo medication) or to Group 2 (sham rTMS and fluoxetine). A neuropsychological battery was assessed by a rater blind to treatment arm at baseline and 2 and 8 weeks after treatment. Patients in both groups had a significant improvement of Stroop (colored words and interference card) and Hooper and Wisconsin (perseverative errors) test performances after both treatments. Furthermore, there were no adverse effects after either rTMS or fluoxetine in any neuropsychological test of the cognitive test battery. The results show that rTMS could improve some aspects of cognition in PD patients similar to that of fluoxetine. The mechanisms for this cognitive improvement are unclear, but it is in the context of mood improvement. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Lectura e comprensión: unha aproximación cognitiva

Na actualidade, son evidentes as dificultades de moitos dos nosos alumnos cando estan a traballar con textos escritos, xa se trate de comprende-lo significado e de conectalo cos propios conecementos, de condensa-lo esencial a distintos niveis de xeneralizacion ou de reter feitos e principios. Determinados aspectos da comprension lectora inciden na solucion de problemas, posto que se pode ver comprometida por unha representacion pouco axeitada dos enunciados. Asi mesmo, a abundante informacion e as innovacions producto da nova etapa tecnoloxica esixen tanto facultades criticas como a utilizacion activa e transferible dos contidos da lectura. Esta aparece como unha complicada actividade cognitiva que implica unha gran mobilizacion de recursos intelectuais e na que operan multitude de procesos en diferentes niveis.
Aqueous-Phase Sorption Behaviors of Cs + , Co 2+ , Sr 2+ and Cd 2+ Ions on Some Composite Ion Exchangers

A two new hybrid “organic-inorganic” composite ion exchangers (SAM and FAM), was synthesized by the combination of inorganic ion exchanger tin (IV) silicate and tin (IV) antimonate respectively with organic polymer polyacrylamide (PAm). The sorption isotherms for Cs+, Co2+, Sr2+ and Cd2+ ions on composite ion exchanger were investigated in the range (0.0005 - 0.01M) at different reaction temperature (30℃, 45℃ and 60℃ ± 1℃). The sorption data were subjected to different sorption isotherms and the results verified that Langmuir isotherm is the best model to be applied, and the monolayer sorption capacity were calculated and was found to increase as the reaction temperature increases.
Integration of tactile sensors in a programming by demonstration system

Easy programming methods following the programming by demonstration (PbD) paradigm have been developed. The main goal of these systems is to allow an inexperienced human user to easily integrate motion and perception skills or complex problem solving strategies. However, describing unconsciously performed actions or motor coordinations is very complex and in general not possible. This paper describes how tactile sensors are integrated in the PbD system which learns from human demonstration. An analysis of the tactile sensor and its characteristics is performed. Furthermore, the integration of tactile information in the systems' cognitive functions is pointed out. Finally, it is concluded that the enhancement of a data glove with tactile sensors improves the analysis of human demonstration. Moreover, the supplied information increases the sub-symbolic and symbolic task knowledge which lead to a more reliable recognition of the user's actions.
Detection of Raga-characteristic phrases from Hindustani Classical Music Audio

Melodic motifs form essential building blocks in Indian Classical music. The motifs, or key phrases, provide strong cues to the identity of the underlying raga in both Hindustani and Carnatic styles of Indian music. Automatic identification and clustering of similar motifs is relevant in this context. The inherent variations in various instances of a characteristic phrase in a bandish (composition) performance make it challenging to identify similar phrases in a performance. A nyas svara (long note) marks the ending of these phrases. The proposed method does segmentation of phrases through identification of nyas and computes similarity with the reference characteristic phrase.
Automatic inspection of subsea optical cable by an autonomous underwater vehicle

The changes of the seafloor environment caused by natural disasters and human activities greatly shorten the life span of the subsea optical cable. It is urgent to carry out routine inspection and maintenance for subsea cables. In this paper, an automatic inspection system to address these problems is proposed where the localization and inspection mission is conducted by an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) carrying with a tri-axial electromagnetic sensor. Firstly, the framework of the inspection system is presented, and the function of each subsystem is introduced briefly. Secondly, the inspection algorithms are designed which include localization algorithm, online path planning and path following control algorithms. A dedicated particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is adopted to localize the subsea optical cable. In addition, the swath path is planned online so that the AUV can detect the cable in the repeatedly crossing manner. With the planned of swath path, the cable detection is elaborately constructed as a classic path following control problem, such that the AUV can track the planned path and inspect the optical cable automatically. Finally, the numerical simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the automatic inspection system.
Conditions associated with ER dysfunction activate homer 1a expression

Homer proteins physically link metabotropic glutamate receptors with IP3 receptors located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and thereby modulate receptor‐activated calcium signaling. Homer 1a, the short form of constitutively expressed homer 1 proteins, exerts dominant negative activity with respect to homer 1 proteins by interfering with the formation of multiprotein complexes. Homer 1a is an immediate early gene, the expression of which is activated by various stimuli including glutamate receptor activation. The mechanisms underlying activation of homer 1a expression are however, not fully understood. Here, we show that homer 1a expression is induced in neuronal cell cultures under experimental conditions associated with ER dysfunction. Increased homer 1a mRNA levels were found in 2 sets of cultures: in those exposed to thapsigargin, a specific inhibitor of ER Ca2+‐ATPase, after a transient depletion of ER calcium stores through exposure to calcium‐free medium supplemented with EGTA, and in those exposed to a proteasome inhibitor known to induce ER dysfunction. Thus, homer 1a expression may be activated by impairment of ER functioning just as it is by glutamate receptor activation.
Depth Based View Synthesis Using Graph Cuts for 3DTV

In three-dimensional television (3DTV), an interactive free viewpoint selection application has received more attention so far. This paper presents a novel method that synthesizes a free-viewpoint based on multiple textures and depth maps in multi-view camera configuration. This method solves the cracks and holes problem due to sampling rate by performing an inverse warping to retrieve texture images. This step allows a simple and accurate re-sampling of synthetic pixels. To enforce the spatial consistency of color and remove the pixels wrapped incorrectly because of inaccuracy depth maps, we propose some processing steps. The warped depth and warped texture images are used to classify pixels as stable, unstable and disoccluded pixels. The stable pixels are used to create an initial new view by weighted interpolation. To refine the new view, Graph cuts are used to select the best candidates for each unstable pixel. Finally, the remaining disoccluded regions are filled by our inpainting method based on depth information and texture neighboring pixel values. Our experiment on several multi-view data sets is encouraging in both subjective and objective results. Furthermore, our proposal can flexibly use more than two views in multi-view system to create a new view with higher quality.
A Miniaturized Via-Patch Loaded Dual-Layer RFID Tag Antenna for Metallic Object Applications

In this letter, a dual-layer radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna is proposed. By embedding a slotted via-patch in the middle layer, the proposed antenna is miniaturized to a total volume of 28 × 14 × 3.2 mm3. At the same time, the loaded via-patch makes the antenna input impedance be flexibly tuned in a large scale. Moreover, an equivalent circuit model is given out to explicate how this via-patch functions. The measured read ranges with and without a metallic plate were 1.8 and 2 m, respectively, which implies the proposed antenna is a good candidate in metallic object applications, especially in size-constrained scenarios.
Understanding health literacy in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe the meaning of patients' experiences with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with a focus on health literacy. RESEARCH APPROACH A hermeneutic phenomenologic approach that combines descriptive and interpretive methods. SETTING A National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center in the southern United States. SAMPLE 60 individuals who underwent HSCT; 20 Latino, 20 African American, and 20 Caucasian. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH In-depth interviews were conducted on five separate occasions. Interviews and analysis of verbatim transcripts used phenomenologic techniques. FINDINGS The themes were as follows: they did not tell me, decision dilemmas, fears of dying, tough symptoms and side effects, and relying on others. These themes were found in all ethnic groups, both genders, and at all time points. CONCLUSIONS The themes from this study demonstrate that health literacy concerns are vital to patients' understanding, decision making, and having active roles in their health care. Assessing patients' understanding is important and requires a comprehensive approach because patients may not know what they need to ask and may not feel comfortable asking or raising objections because their fears, particularly that of dying, are barriers. INTERPRETATION This article provides evidence that health literacy is not a simple function of age, ethnicity, race, or education. Health literacy and communication concerns require a more nuanced approach to provide optimal patient-centered outcomes. KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION Understanding patients' perspectives is vital to knowing what to communicate, how to communicate, and when to provide information. Providing information in a way patients can understand reduces risks for negative outcomes. A comprehensive assessment of patients' understanding using improved education materials, clearer forms and communication techniques, teach-back methods, and reinforcement is needed to improve communication, particularly when illness and treatment evoke fears.
A Bacterial Cytochrome c Heme Lyase

Biogenesis of c-type cytochromes inEscherichia coli involves a number of membrane proteins (CcmA–H), which are required for the transfer of heme to the periplasmically located apocytochrome c. The pathway includes (i) covalent, transient binding of heme to the periplasmic domain of the heme chaperone CcmE; (ii) the subsequent release of heme; and (iii) transfer and covalent attachment of heme to apocytochromec. Here, we report that CcmF is a key player in the late steps of cytochrome c maturation. We demonstrate that the conserved histidines His-173, His-261, His-303, and His-491 and the tryptophan-rich signature motif of the CcmF protein family are functionally required. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CcmF interacts directly with the heme donor CcmE and with CcmH but not with apocytochrome c. We propose that CcmFH forms a bacterial heme lyase complex for the transfer of heme from CcmE to apocytochrome c.
Safe Inductions: An Algebraic Study

In many knowledge representation formalisms, a constructive semantics is defined based on sequential applications of rules or of a semantic operator. These constructions often share the property that rule applications must be delayed until it is safe to do so: until it is known that the condition that triggers the rule will remain to hold. This intuition occurs for instance in the well-founded semantics of logic programs and in autoepistemic logic. In this paper, we formally define the safety criterion algebraically. We study properties of so-called safe inductions and apply our theory to logic programming and autoepistemic logic. For the latter, we show that safe inductions manage to capture the intended meaning of a class of theories on which all classical constructive semantics fail.
Animal reservoirs of Escherichia coli 0157:I[H7]

break. However, if F argentina were the aetiological agent of the disease, different rates of consumption by individual grazing horses could explain its inconsistent incidence. In this study the amount of F argentina consumed by the three experimental horses was much greater than would have been consumed under field conditions, and if the plant had been responsible for mal seco, its effects would probably have been observed. The results of the trial appear to indicate either that F argentina is not implicated in the aetiology of mal seco or that, if it is, other factors must also be involved.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Induces Lipopolysaccharide Tolerance in a Human Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Mainly through the TNF p55 Receptor (*)

This study demonstrates that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediates induction of transcription factor NFκB and activation of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-enhancer in the SW480 cell line. These cells do not express a functional membrane CD14. The LPS response in SW480 cells was weaker and markedly slower than the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) response. Pretreatment with TNF for 72 h inhibited both TNF, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) p55, TNFR p75, and LPS-mediated activation of nuclear factor -κB (NFκB), whereas pretreatment with LPS only inhibited the LPS response. TNFR p55 antibody pretreatment resulted in marked inhibition of the LPS response, while pretreatment with TNFR p75 antiserum only had a weak inhibitory effect. Flowcytometric analysis showed that LPS binding as well as expression of TNFR p55 and TNFR p75 were not affected by LPS or TNF pretreatment, indicating that the observed inhibition is not due to reduction of specific binding sites at the cell surface. The results suggest that LPS signaling in SW480 cells involves intracellular components which may be depleted or inactivated via TNFR p55, indicating that the LPS and TNFR p55 pathways overlap. We propose that TNFR p55 can mediate activation of NFκB and cytomegalovirus promoter-enhancer in SW480 cells via two distinct mechanisms, one which is activated only via TNFR p55 and leads to rapid activation of NFκB, and another which is overlapping with the LPS pathway.