Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Muscle Structural Capacity for Oxygen Flux from Capillary to Fiber Mitochondria

MATHIEU-COSTELLO, O. , and R.T. HEPPLE. Muscle structural capacity for oxygen flux from capillary to fiber mitochondria. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 80–84, 2002. The concept of major functional resistance to O2 flux at the capillary-fiber interface implies that muscle structural capacity for O2 flux from capillary to fiber mitochondria needs to be assessed in terms of capillary surface per fiber surface. Morphological data support this notion and show the importance of assessing the size of the capillary-fiber interface relative to muscle fiber O2 demand.
Programming the Web: An Application-Oriented Language for Hypermedia Service Programming

MAWL is an application language for programming interactive World Wide Web services. The language is small, because no construct was introduced without compelling justification; as with yacc [9], general-purpose computation is done in a host language. MAWL offers conveniences such as control abstraction, persistent state management, synchronization, and shared memory. In addition, the MAWL compiler performs static checking designed to prevent common Web programming errors. In this paper we discuss the design and engineering of MAWL in the context of our general language design philosophy. We also include an appendix of commentary on several short MAWL programs.
Gamification no Ensino de Funções Administrativas

Gamification e um termo surgido ha poucas decadas, que se refere a modificar atividades de ensino-aprendizado por meio da introducao de elementos que sao proprios de jogos. Essa estrategia busca tratar aspectos como perda de interesse dos alunos, baixa motivacao e pouca participacao na aula. As modificacoes efetuadas em sala procuram dar um carater ludico as atividades, sem perder o foco nos objetivos didaticos. Existe uma literatura crescente sobre o assunto, mas ainda faltam exemplos de aplicacao, sobretudo porque a adaptacao de uma atividade depende de conteudo e publico alvo. Este artigo apresenta uma visao geral sobre o assunto e um modelo de gamification disponivel na literatura, que pode ser aplicado a diferentes situacoes. Esse modelo foi empregado na disciplina de teoria da administracao em um curso superior; e apresentado todo o planejamento da atividade e sua realizacao, bem como os resultados gerais e impressoes manifestadas pelos alunos.
Regeneration of taste buds after reinnervation of a denervated tongue papilla by a normally nongustatory nerve

Taste buds degenerate and disappear after transection of their sensory nerve supply, and they differentiate anew from epithelial cells (e.g., lingual) following regeneration of sensory but not motor or autonomic axons. A controversy exists as to whether only gustatory sensory nerves can cause buds to reform or whether any sensory nerve can perform this function. This issue arose because the results of cross‐innervation studies revealed a specificity whereas grafting data demonstrated a nonspecificity. A retest of specificity in the cross‐reinnervation situation was performed by reinnervating the denervated vallate papilla of adult rat tongue with a sensory branch of the vagus nerve that is not normally gustatory. It was found that taste buds disappeared and remained lost from acutely and chronically denervated papilla. However, some buds were found 90–100 days after reinnervation by the normally nongustatory vagus nerve branch. Transection of the regenerated vagus nerve resulted in the loss of innervation and the degeneration of taste buds from reinnervated papilla indicating that this nerve had supported buds. These results show that a normally nongustatory nerve can induce the formation of taste buds after its axons grow into appropriate tissue. It appears that the ability to support taste buds is a nonspecific, rather than a specific, property of sensory nerve.
Cloning, Characterization, and Expression of a Calcitonin Receptor from Guinea Pig Brain

Abstract: A calcitonin receptor was cloned from guinea pig brain by using a degenerate reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) strategy. When the cloned guinea pig calcitonin receptor was transfected into COS 1 cells, salmon calcitonin stimulated intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation with an EC50 of 0.1 nM, whereas human calcitonin was >250‐fold less potent (EC50 27.6 nM). Related neuropeptides rat αCGRP and rat amylin did not activate the guinea pig calcitonin receptor at physiologic concentrations. Stimulation of the transfected guinea pig calcitonin receptor by salmon calcitonin also resulted in phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis with an EC50 of 2.5 nM. Expression of the calcitonin receptor was mapped by a combination of RT‐PCR, northern analysis, and expression in Xenopus oocytes. The guinea pig calcitonin receptor was most highly expressed in diencephalon and a single subtype was detected.
Comparison of the effects of T-1815, yohimbine and naloxone on mouse colonic propulsion.

The colonic prokinetic activity of a newly synthesized compound, T-1815, administered orally, was compared with that of yohimbine and naloxone in mice. The time required to evacuate a glass bead inserted into the distal colon was taken as an index of prokinetic activity. Clonidine (3-30 micrograms/kg s.c.), and loperamide (0.3-3.0 mg/kg s.c.) delayed bead expulsion in a dose-dependent manner. Yohimbine (0.3-10 mg/kg) and T-1815 (0.1-10 mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent reduction of the delay in evacuation induced by clonidine, but naloxone had no effect. The loperamide-induced retardation of colonic propulsion was reduced by naloxone (0.3-10 mg/kg) and T-1815 (0.1-10 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner, but yohimbine had no effect. In normal animals, yohimbine and naloxone had no significant effect on evacuation, while a slight acceleration was observed with T-1815 at 10 mg/kg. No soft feces and/or diarrhea were observed with any of the three test drugs. These results indicate that T-1815 appears to be a unique colonic prokinetic compound, the action of which may be mediated through mechanisms other than antagonism for alpha 2-adrenoceptors or opioid receptors.
Incidence and risk factors of insomnia in a population-based sample.

INTRODUCTION Despite the high prevalence of insomnia, there is little information about its incidence and risk factors. This study estimated the incidence of insomnia and examined potential risk factors in a cohort of good sleepers followed over a one-year period. METHODS Participants were 464 good sleepers who completed 3 postal evaluations over a one-year period (i.e., baseline, 6 months, and 12 months). Questionnaires assessed sleep, psychological and personality variables, stressful life events and coping skills, and health-related quality of life. Participants were categorized into 3 subgroups: (a) good sleepers (i.e., participants who remained good sleepers at the 3 assessments), (b) insomnia symptoms incident cases (i.e., developed insomnia symptoms either at 6- or 12-month follow-up), and (c) insomnia syndrome incident cases (i.e., developed an insomnia syndrome either at 6- or 12- month follow-up). RESULTS One-year incidence rates were 30.7% for insomnia symptoms and 7.4% for insomnia syndrome. These rates decreased to 28.8% and 3.9% for those without prior lifetime episode of insomnia. Compared to good sleepers and insomnia symptoms incident cases, insomnia syndrome incident cases presented a premorbid psychological vulnerability to insomnia, characterized by higher depressive and anxiety symptoms, lower extraversion, higher arousability, and poorer self-rated mental health at baseline. They also presented a higher level of bodily pain and a poorer general health. Five variables were associated with a new onset of an insomnia syndrome: previous episode of insomnia, positive family history of insomnia, higher arousability predisposition, poorer self-rated general health, and higher bodily pain. CONCLUSION The one-year insomnia incidence rate was very high and several psychological and health factors were associated with new onset insomnia. Improved knowledge about the nature of these predisposing factors would be helpful to guide the development of effective public health prevention and intervention programs to promote better sleep quality.
Semi-automatic fitting of deformable 3D models to 2D sketches

We present a novel method for building 3D models from a user sketch. Given a 2D sketch as input, the approach aligns and deforms a chosen 3D template model to match the sketch. This is guided by a set of user-specified correspondences and an algorithm that deforms the 3D model to match the sketched profile. Our primary contribution is related to fitting the 3D deformable geometry to the 2D user sketch. We demonstrate our technique on several examples.
Generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes after reovirus infection: role of S1 gene.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be generated if spleen cells from reovirus-infected mice are stimulated in vitro with syngeneic reovirus-infected cells. These cytolytic effector cells demonstrate: (i) serotype specificity (i.e., maximal cytolytic activity is observed on target cells infected with the serotype used to induce the CTLs) and (ii) H-2 restriction. The SI gene was shown to be the predominant viral gene determining the specificity of the cytotoxic T cells. This genome segment has previously been demonstrated to encode the viral hemagglutinin and determines reovirus cell tropism in the nervous system.
Short‐term synchronization of intercostal motoneurone activity.

1. The hypothesis is advanced that the joint occurrence of unitary excitatory post‐synaptic potentials e.p.s.p.s) evoked in motoneurones by branches of common stem pre‐synaptic fibres causes short‐term synchronization of their discharge during the rising phases of the unitary e.p.s.p.s. 2. This hypothesis was tested using the pre‐ and post‐stimulus time (PPST) histogram to detect synchronized firing among groups of intercostal motoneurones discharging in response to their natural synaptic drives. 3. Motor nerve action potentials were recorded monophasically from nerve filaments of the external intercostal muscles of anaesthetized, paralysed cats maintained on artificial ventilation. 4. Computer methods were used to measure peak spike amplitude, spike amplitude, spike interval and filament identification for simultaneous recordings from four filaments. The spike amplitude histograms were derived for each filament and groups of spikes were selected for analysis. 5. With spikes of one group designated as 'stimuli' (occurring at zero time) and those of a second as 'response' the PPST histogram was computed with different time bin widths. 6. With bin widths of 100 and 10 msec the central respiratory periodicity was apparent in the PPST histogram. With 1.0 msec bins the PPST histogram showed a narrow central peak extending to +/‐ 3.0 msec at its base. This 'short‐term synchronization' supports the hypothesis of joint firing due to common presynaptic connectivity. 7. It was shown that detection of short‐term synchronization was critically dependent on a sufficient quantity of data but that provided a simple criterion of adequate counts per bin in the PPST histogram was met, short‐term synchronization could be detected between intercostal motoneurones of the same and adjacent segments.
The Graduate Nurse Experience: Qualitative Residency Program Outcomes

Graduate nurses experience role conflict and stress as they begin practice in work environments of high complexity, nurse shortages, and expectations to become competent rapidly. The authors report outcomes from a study that evaluated qualitative responses to the Casey-Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Survey administered to graduate nurse residents in the University HealthSystem Consortium/American Association of Colleges of Nursing postbaccalaureate nurse residency program at 12 academic hospital sites. Qualitative analysis provided sufficient evidence to convert specific open-ended questions on the Casey-Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Survey instrument to a quantitative format for ease of administration and analysis.
Coupled Mechanical-Electrical Modeling of the TARSIS Experiment

Nb3Sn is now commonly used in the design of high-field large-scale magnets. However, it is a brittle material, the superconducting properties of which degrade under mechanical strain. Both ITER TF and CS magnets make use of Nb3Sn strands in cable-in-conduit conductors. Experiments have been carried out in the TARSIS facility at University of Twente aiming at measuring the strand critical current as a function of periodically applied strain/stress. Until recently, these experiments have given good indications of the strand behavior, but they had not been fully understood because of the lack of an accurate description of the local strain along the tested strand. Furthermore, they cannot be extrapolated directly to a real cable-in-conduit conductor because they do not simulate the differential thermal contraction, which puts the strand under longitudinal compression. Using the mechanical code MULTIFIL developed at Ecole Centrale de Paris, associated with the electrical code CARMEN developed at CEA/IRFM, this paper aims at understanding the mechanisms of the critical current reduction during a TARSIS experiment by coupling the local strain map of the strand to the complex current paths between Nb3Sn filaments. Comparison with experimental results and with analytic limiting cases are presented and discussed.
Disruption of 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent Kinase 1 (PDK1) Signaling by the Anti-tumorigenic and Anti-proliferative AgentN-α-tosyl-l-phenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone*

The anti-tumorigenic and anti-proliferative effects ofN-α-tosyl-l-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) have been known for more than three decades. Yet little is known about the discrete cellular targets of TPCK controlling these effects. Previous work from our laboratory showed TPCK, like the immunosuppressant rapamycin, to be a potent inhibitor of the 70-kilodalton ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), which mediates events involved in cell growth and proliferation. We show here that rapamycin and TPCK display distinct inhibitory mechanisms on S6K1 as a rapamycin-resistant form of S6K1 was TPCK-sensitive. Additionally, we show that TPCK inhibited the activation of the related kinase and proto-oncogene Akt. Upstream regulators of S6K1 and Akt include phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K) and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1). Whereas TPCK had no effect on either mitogen-regulated PI 3-K activity or total cellular PDK1 activity, TPCK prevented phosphorylation of the PDK1 regulatory sites in S6K1 and Akt. Furthermore, whereas both PDK1 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are required for full activation of the 90-kilodalton ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), TPCK inhibited RSK activation without inhibiting MAPK activation. Consistent with the capacity of RSK and Akt to mediate a cell survival signal, in part through phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic protein BAD, TPCK reduced BAD phosphorylation and led to cell death in interleukin-3-dependent 32D cells. Finally, in agreement with results seen in embryonic stem cells lacking PDK1, protein kinase A activation was not inhibited by TPCK showing TPCK specificity for mitogen-regulated PDK1 signaling. TPCK inhibition of PDK1 signaling thus disables central kinase cascades governing diverse cellular processes including proliferation and survival and provides an explanation for its striking biological effects.
Importance of endogenous nitric oxide synthase in the rat hypothalamus and amygdala in mediating the response to capsaicin

Although capsaicin has been shown to activate certain neuronal groups in the hypothalamus and amygdala, the neurotransmitters involved and the exact mechanism of action are not clearly understood at present. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the effect of capsaicin in the rat hypothalamus and amygdala primarily involves direct activation of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) neurons responsible for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO). Subcutaneous capsaicin injection in male rats, compared with vehicle, caused a significant increase in Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supraoptic nucleus (SON), and medial and cortical amygdala. The expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase, a histochemical marker for NOS, was also increased in these brain areas in addition to the periventricular and lateral hypothalamic area and central amygdaloid nucleus. Also, capsaicin significantly increased the expression of neuronal NOS messenger RNA and protein in the PVN, SON, and medial amygdala as demonstrated by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A higher proportion of the NOS neurons in the PVN, periventricular region, SON and amygdala showed Fos expression in response to capsaicin than vehicle injection. There was little, if any, Fos activation in the NOS‐positive neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area. The capsaicin‐induced activation of the hypothalamic PVN and SON neurons and the medial amygdaloid nucleus was attenuated in the NOS inhibitor Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) –pretreated animals in comparison with the inactive enantiomer D‐NAME. These observations indicate that activation of the endogenous NOS system and production of NO constitute a major pathway through which capsaicin exerts its effect within the hypothalamus and amygdala. J. Comp. Neurol. 423:670–686, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of a Soymilk Supplement Containing Isoflavones on Urinary F2 Isoprostane Levels in Premenopausal Women

Abstract: Epidemiological studies have associated soy diets with reduced risk of breast and some other cancers, and oxidative cellular damage may contribute to the development of these and other diseases. We tested the effect of a soymilk supplement rich in isoflavones on a measure of cellular lipid peroxidation in a controlled feeding study. Eight premenopausal women consumed a constant diet that included soymilk containing 113-207 mg/day total isoflavones and 4 mo later a constant soy diet low (<5 mg/day) in isoflavones, both for a complete menstrual cycle. The average daily urinary excretions of daidzein and genistein were 24.6 ± 10.1 and 9.2 ± 6.1 mg/day, respectively, during the high-isoflavone soy diet and were below the detection limit during the low-isoflavone diet. F2 isoprostane 8-iso-PGF-2α excretion varied widely within and between subjects, and the group mean was not significantly different during the high- and low-isoflavone soy diet (7.67 ± 1.13 and 8.65 ± 1.18 nmol/12 h, mean ± SD, respectively). However, individual changes in 8-iso-PGF-2α between the two soymilk drinks were significantly associated with age (r = ―0.87; P = 0.006) and several measures of isoflavone exposure, namely, daidzein dose (r = 0.81; P = 0.015), combined daidzein and genistein dose (r = 0.77; P = 0.03), and total urinary excretion of isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, and equol) (r = 0.71; P = 0.05). The findings suggest that soy isoflavones may reduce lipid peroxidation in an age-dependent manner, with greater effects in older women, and with lower doses of isoflavones.
Product and process knowledge in the performance-oriented knowledge management approach

Purpose – The paper proposes first, to understand how and how much knowledge contributes toward explicit business performance improvement and, second, through the understanding of knowledge contribution, to provide a guiding principle for the effective knowledge management activities.Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a Cobb‐Douglas type production function to model the relationship between knowledge and performance. Then, regression analysis is used to estimate the knowledge elasticity of performance. Finally, a laboratory experiment is used to demonstrate the whole process.Findings – A performance‐oriented knowledge management approach was developed. Through the analysis of knowledge‐intensive production function, it is shown that the knowledge elasticity of performance for each knowledge entity (product knowledge and process knowledge) can be estimated and can be used with great managerial implications.Research limitations/implications – Extensive empirical analyses in the real world busines.
The binding capacity of albumin and renal disease.

The capacity of albumin to bind the anionic dye, methyl orange (49-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4-sulfonate), was determined in normal volunteers, in patients with renal disease and in patients after kidney transplantation in an attempt to elucidate the cause of the observed decreased albumin binding capacity for various drug and dye molecules in these patients. Patients with renal failure had lower binding capacities than normal volunteers and this reduction was generally unrelated to the degree of renal failure. The order of binding capacity was: normals > patients with acute and chronic renal failure > anephric patients before hemodialysis > patients after kidney transplantation > anephric patients after hemodialysis. The reduced binding after dialysis was shown to be caused by competition by the temporarily increased concentration of nonesterified fatty acids as a result of lipoproteinlipase activation by heparin administered during hemodialysis. The cause of the decreased binding of the other sera was not apparent but may have been due to either drug and/or metabolic product competition for the dye binding sites on due to a conformational change in the albumin molecule.
New design of high performance 25-GHz DWDM filters

We propose a new design of 25-GHz flat-top multichannel optical filter. The flat-top of optical filters can improve to 2.288×10−11dB which is superior to that of 5 orders of previous study. The superior performance of dispersion and channel spacing isolation improve 73.5% and 94%, respectively, which compared with previous study.
Silicon CPW coupled-lines meta-material coupler and on-wafer characterization using a 2-port vector network analyzer

A coupled-line coupler based on two coupled artificial composite right/left-handed transmission lines (CRLH TLs) fabricated on high resistivity silicon substrate using coplanar waveguides (CPW) is designed, fabricated and on-wafer experimentally characterized. The CRLH TL consists of series CPW interdigital capacitors and parallel short-ended CPWs. For this four-port circuit, the on-wafer experimental results have been obtained using a two-port vector analyzer following a method which is also presented.
Sequence-Based Control of an Isolated DC/AC Matrix Converter

This paper describes the control of an isolated multiphase high-frequency-link (HFL) matrix inverter by controlling the time evolution of its switching states (or, switching sequences). It is referred to as the optimal-switching-sequence-based control (OSBC). Unlike several conventional control schemes, where, typically the control is based on averaged model of the inverter and the modulation scheme sets a predetermined switching sequence, OSBC synthesizes the fundamental switching sequence depending on the control needs on the fly. For instance, OSBC can seamlessly play with the inverter switching sequences if the input voltage of the inverter changes as evident in solar or wind-based energy systems. This necessitates that OSBC use a switching-sequence-based discontinuous (instead of averaged) modeling approach. Further, the stability of the closed-loop inverter is determined in OSBC using an advanced composite Lyapunov-function based approach, which also enables one to predetermine the reachability of the inverter dynamics for a given switching sequence. Thus, optimal control in OSBC is ensured under stability bound of the switching sequence. This provides a fundamental difference between OSBC and model predictive control for inverters. This also implies that in a multiobjective OSBC, one can shift the weights of the individual cost functions to yield better inverter performance without compromising the stability.