Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MSY2 and MSY4 Bind a Conserved Sequence in the 3′ Untranslated Region of Protamine 1 mRNA In Vitro and In Vivo

ABSTRACT Y-box proteins are major constituents of ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) which contain translationally silent mRNAs in gametic cells. We have recently shown that a sequence-specific RNA binding activity present in spermatogenic cells contains the two Y-box proteins MSY2 and MSY4. We show here that MSY2 and MSY4 bind a sequence, 5′-UCCAUCA-3′, present in the 3′ untranslated region of the translationally repressed protamine 1 (Prm1) mRNA. Using pre- and post-RNase T1-digested substrate RNAs, it was determined that MSY2 and MSY4 can bind an RNA of eight nucleotides containing the MSY2 and MSY4 binding site. Single nucleotide mutations in the sequence eliminated the binding of MSY2 and MSY4 in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and the resulting mutants failed to compete for binding in a competition assay. A consensus site of UACCACAUCCACU(subscripts indicate nucleotides which do not disrupt YRS binding by MSY2 and MSY4), denoted the Y-box recognition site (YRS), was defined from this mutational analysis. These mutations in the YRS were further characterized in vivo using a novel application of the yeast three-hybrid system. Experiments with transgenic mice show that disruption of the YRS in vivo relieves Prm1-like repression of a reporter gene. The conservation of the RNA binding motifs among Y-box protein family members raises the possibility that other Y-box proteins may have previously unrecognized sequence-specific RNA binding activities.
Lack of Support for a Role for RLIP76 (RALBP1) in Response to Treatment or Predisposition to Epilepsy

Summary: Background: Multidrug transporters are postulated to contribute to antiepileptic drug (AED) resistance. The transporter best studied is P‐glycoprotein, an ATP‐Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily member. RLIP76 is suggested to be an energy‐dependent non‐ABC transporter, reducing AED blood–brain barrier penetration, with a more important role than P‐glycoprotein. Knowledge of which transporters may be critical in drug resistance is important for design of potential therapies. We tested the hypothesis that RLIP76 mediates AED resistance using methods complementary to those in the original report.
The Wisheart affair: paediatric cardiological services in Bristol, 1990-5

Many colleagues, patients, and friends of James Wisheart, Janardin Dhasmana, and John Roylance will have been deeply shocked by the unjust way in which the three men have been treated. Every sympathy is due to those who have lost loved ones. However, whereas doctors will readily understand the aggressive grief that some parents have shown, their anger should surely be reserved for the news media (and their informants) that have misdirected this grief against the Bristol surgeons using a sustained stream of biased, misleading, and often inaccurate information. And the defendants' explanations remained almost entirely unreported after they presented their case. #### Key messages In June 1998 the professional conduct committee of the General Medical Council announced that it had found the charges proved. But what charges? Few appreciate that many of the original charges against the surgeons, including those of clinical and technical incompetence, had either been quietly dropped or were found not proved. The disputed charges that remained were diminished in substance, some to the point of being tenuous or capable of being levied at any practising doctor. The legal assessor to the committee advised it to be sure that the facts were true, that no other registered medical practitioner observing …
Design of H∞ state feedback controller for gas turbine engine distributed control with random packet-dropouts

The distributed control architecture becomes more and more important in future gas turbine engine control systems, in which, the sensors and actuators will be connected to the controllers via a network. Therefore, the control problem of network-enabled high-performance distributed engine control (DEC) has come to play an important role in modern gas turbine control systems. While, due to the properties of the network, the packet-dropouts must be considered. This study introduces a distributed control system architecture based on a networked cascade control system (NCCS). Typical turboshaft engine-distributed controllers are designed based on the NCCS framework with a H∞ state feedback under random packet-dropouts. The sufficient robust exponential mean-stable conditions are derived via the Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality approach. Simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the presented method.
Power Control and Channel Training for MIMO Channels: A DMT Perspective

The achievable diversity and multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) in MIMO fading channels with channel training is analyzed in this paper. We first consider a typical training scenario, where the transmitter transmits training symbols followed by data symbols, and the receiver performs channel estimation using the training symbols and then uses the imperfect channel estimates to decode the data symbols. From the DMT perspective, our results show that as long as the training power is equal to the data power, the obtained DMT result based on imperfect channel state information at receiver (CSIR) is the same as the original DMT result with perfect CSIR given in Zheng and Tse's seminal work . We extend the analysis to two-way training scenarios, with single and multiple training rounds. Our results show that two-way training together with power control can substantially improve the achievable diversity gain. Specifically, the achievable DMT with multiple training rounds can be described as a single straight line; while in the case of single training round, the achievable DMT is much lower and can be described as a single straight line or a collection of line segments, depending on the underlying training strategy and channel qualities.
Classification of multiclass eeg signal related to mental task using higuchi fractal dimension and 10-Statistic Parameters - Support Vector Machine

Nowadays, Not only the accuracy of a classification system but also a feature extraction method is an important matter in a Brain Computer Interface Application. In this paper, we investigated the multiclass classification of mental task using EEG signal. Higuchi Fractal Dimension and 10-Statistic Parameters were used as feature extraction method. The 10-statistic parameters are central tendency type that is, maximum value, minimum value, mean, standard deviation, median, mode, variance, first-quartile, third-quartile, interchange quartile. Multiclass Support Vector Machine with One-against-All strategy is applied to classify EEG signal related to the mental task. The result shows that the Multiclass SVM classifier with 1-against-All strategy using 10-Statistic Parameters has a higher accuracy when compared to Higuchi Fractal Dimension-SVM, Extreme Learning Machine, Back Propagation Neural Network, both of Support Vector Machine 1-versus-1 strategy and 1-versus-All strategy. The average accuracy ranging between 99.2% and 100% for 10-Statistic Parameters-SVM and HFD_SVM ranging from 60.22% to 91.91% were gained for five mental task classes.
Health-economic implications of the onset of action of antimanic agents.

BACKGROUND Three medications, lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine, have been shown to be effective in the treatment of acute mania in randomized, controlled clinical trials. Additional research over the past decade has provided data regarding potential differences between these medications according to their time course of onset and clinical predictors of response in acute mania. These differences have potential impact on both the choice of medication and the health-economics of the treatment of acute mania. METHOD Published reports regarding the time course of onset, clinical factors associated with response, and health-economic impact of the treatment of acute mania with lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine were reviewed (PAPERCHASE data base, 1966 to present, terms: bipolar disorder, drug treatment, lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine). RESULTS Valproate, when administered via an oral loading dosage, may have a more rapid onset of action than lithium and carbamazepine. Preliminary data suggest that specific clinical factors associated with response differ between the three medications. Health-economic studies suggest that treatment of acute mania with valproate may be associated with greater cost savings due to shorter lengths of hospital stay, particularly in patients with mixed mania and rapid cycling. Patients treated with the combination of carbamazepine and lithium also had reduced hospital lengths-of-stay in one study. Lithium may have greater cost savings in patients with classic mania. CONCLUSION Preliminary data from studies reviewed suggest that important differences exist between lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine in their time course of onset and factors associated with response in the treatment of patients with acute mania. These differences may also impact the cost savings associated with treatment with these agents.
Protective Effect of Melatonin on Zymosan-Induced Cellular Damage

We investigated whether in vivo melatonin treatment inhibits cellular injury induced by peroxynitrite production and PARS activation in macrophages collected from rats subjected to zymosan-induced shock. Macrophages harvested from the peritoneal cavity exhibited a significant production of peroxynitrite, as measured by the oxidation of the fluorescent dye dihydrorhodamine 123. Furthermore, zymosan-induced shock suppressed macrophage mitochondrial respiration, DNA strand breakage, activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose)synthetase (PARS) and reduction of cellular levels of NAD+. In vivo treatment with melatonin (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p., 1 h after zymosan injection) significantly and dose-dependently reduced peroxynitrite formation and prevented the appearance of DNA damage, decrease in mitochondrial respiration, loss of cellular levels of NAD+ and PARS activation. Our study supports the view that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatoy effect of melatonin is also correlated with the inhibition of peroxynitrite production and PARS activation. In conclusion, melatonin may be a novel pharmacological approach to prevent cell injury in inflammation.
Interaction of testosterone and ACTH in the regulation of adrenal corticosterone secretion in the male rat.

Testosterone administration to hypophysectomized male rats increased adrenal corticosterone secretion both in vitro and in vivo. Total steroid (blue tetrazolium + ) production was unaffected. Adrenal 5α-reductase activity was inhibited by testosterone. ACTH stimulated corticosterone and total steroid output and lowered reductase activity. Testosterone, when given in conjunction with ACTH, potentiated the effects of ACTH on corticosterone secretion and reductase activity but not on total steroid production. The data indicate that testosterone and ACTH can interact to stimulate corticosterone secretion in the rat. Adrenal 5α-reductase seems to be the common site of action for these effects. (Endocrinology 91: 1247, 1972)
Effect of qualitative and quantitative feed restriction on growth performance and immune function in broiler chickens.

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of early feed restriction (FR, 8 to 14 d of age) on growth performance and immune function in broiler chickens. Birds were fed corresponding diets from 3 to 35 d of age, which consisted of three phases: starter (3 to 7 d of age), FR (8 to 14 d of age) and re-alimentation (15 to 35 d of age) phases. During the FR period, each group of birds was fed the basal diet ad libitum (CON), 85% (EN85) and 70% (EN70) of lower calorie diet ad libitum (qualitative FR), and 85% (FI85) and 70% (FI70) of voluntary intake on a daily basis (quantitative FR). As a result, there was no statistical difference in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio between the CON and quantitative or qualitative FR groups during the entire (3 to 35 d) periods. In particular, the EN85 group resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in weight gain compared with the EN70, FI85 and FI70 groups. Plasma total protein and albumin at 14 d of age (during FR) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the quantitative and qualitative FR groups, but these parameters at 35 d of age (after re-alimentation) were higher (p<0.05) in the EN85 and EN70 groups than in the CON group. Plasma IgG level was unaffected by dietary FR procedure. In cytokines, there was no significant difference in the expression of lymphocytic IL-4 and IFN-y at 14 d of age between the FR and the CON groups, whereas lymphocytic IL-6 and iNOS expression were significantly (p<0.05) lower in FI85 and FI70 groups. Moreover, lymphocytic iNOS was also significantly (p<0.05) lower in birds fed qualitative and quantitative diets compared with those fed ad libitum. In the thymus, IL-4 expression was higher (p<0.05) in FI85 and FI70 groups, whereas IL-6 expression was lower (p<0.05) in the FI85 and FI70 groups than in the CON group. Thymic iNOS was significantly (p<0.05) lower in birds fed qualitatively and quantitatively restricted diets compared with those fed ad libitum. At 35 d of age, there was no difference in the expression of IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-y of lymphocytes and thymus between the FR and CON groups. In conclusion, 85% of quantitative and qualitative FR would have a beneficial effect on the expression of some cytokines including IL-4 and iNOS without change in growth performance of birds.
The 3 9 end of Turnip crinkle virus contains a highly interactive structure including a translational enhancer that is disrupted by binding to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Precise temporal control is needed for RNA viral genomes to translate sufficient replication-required products before clearing ribosomes and initiating replication. A 3 9 translational enhancer in Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) overlaps an internal T-shaped structure (TSS) that binds to 60S ribosomal subunits. The higher-order structure in the region was examined through alteration of critical sequences revealing novel interactions between an H-type pseudoknot and upstream residues, and between the TSS and internal and terminal loops of an upstream hairpin. Our results suggest that the TSS forms a stable scaffold that allows for simultaneous interactions with external sequences through base pairings on both sides of its large internal symmetrical loop. Binding of TCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to the region potentiates a widespread conformational shift with substantial rearrangement of the TSS region, including the element required for efficient ribosome binding. Degrading the RdRp caused the RNA to resume its original conformation, suggesting that the initial conformation is thermodynamically favored. These results suggest that the 3 9 end of TCV folds into a compact, highly interactive structure allowing RdRp access to multiple elements including the 3 9 end, which causes structural changes that potentiate the shift between translation and replication.
Identification of a Social Cognition Construct for the WAIS-III

Recent studies of autism and schizophrenia examining the factor structure of the subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised have identified a factor that is thought to assess social cognitive (SC) processes or social context. The objective of the current study was to determine whether a similar factor could be identified using confirmatory factor analysis of the 14 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III) subtests in the standardization sample. A five-factor model that included an SC factor along with verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed factors provided the best fit of the data. The SC factor was composed of the Picture Arrangement, Picture Completion, and Object Assembly subtests when all 14 WAIS-III subtests were included. These results provide support for the construct validity of SC factors measured by the WAIS-III in the standardization sample, although additional research is necessary to determine its stability across age groups and clinical populations, as well as its sensitivity to various forms of brain dysfunction.
Potential switching control in visual servo

Stability of feature-based visual servoing controllers proposed so far is local. The initial features far from the reference may converge to features different from the reference or, even worse, they may not converge. In this paper, the stability of feature-based visual servoing is considered by using potential. The stable region is visualized and artificial potential switching is proposed to extend the stable region.
An indicator kriging method for distributed estimation in wireless sensor networks

The problem of distributed estimation in a wireless sensor network with unknown observation noise distribution is investigated, where each sensor only sends quantized data to a fusion center. The sensing field is modeled as a spatially random field. The objective was to accurately estimate a hidden parameter at the location where no sensor exists, while minimizing the total energy consumption. Driven by the lack of a prior knowledge of the sensing field and the existence of some outliers, an indicator kriging estimator is developed for distributed estimation under imperfect communication channels between the sensors and the fusion center. The tradeoff between estimation performance and energy consumption is formulated as an optimization problem, and a global search algorithm is proposed to approximate the solution. The results show that the proposed indicator kriging estimator achieves better performance than the inverse distance estimator and the simple averaging estimator. Moreover, the proposed search algorithm can schedule the sensors to reach the tradeoff. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis and Enhancements of a Prolific Macroscopic Model of Epilepsy

Macroscopic models of epilepsy can deliver surprisingly realistic EEG simulations. In the present study, a prolific series of models is evaluated with regard to theoretical and computational concerns, and enhancements are developed. Specifically, we analyze three aspects of the models: (1) Using dynamical systems analysis, we demonstrate and explain the presence of direct current potentials in the simulated EEG that were previously undocumented. (2) We explain how the system was not ideally formulated for numerical integration of stochastic differential equations. A reformulated system is developed to support proper methodology. (3) We explain an unreported contradiction in the published model specification regarding the use of a mathematical reduction method. We then use the method to reduce the number of equations and further improve the computational efficiency. The intent of our critique is to enhance the evolution of macroscopic modeling of epilepsy and assist others who wish to explore this exciting class of models further.
The profile of executive function of very preterm children at 4 to 12 years

WHAT TO USE? Longitudinal research is difficult in adult populations and the challenges magnify with children. No single test can be administered across infancy, toddlerhood, and childhood. Early assessment must limit itself to broad outcomes, with many cognitive skills not sufficiently developed for standard measurement. Researchers must employ different cognitive measures at each time point, limiting the reliability of longitudinal comparisons. Potharst et al. address this issue, highlighting disappointingly low correlations between the same measure across time points and different measures across time points. They also identify significant variability in rates of impairment derived from these measures; for example, at 2 years 35% of children in their sample demonstrated at least one impairment, with a drop to 15% at 3 years, and then an increase to 50% at 5 years. While these differences may be argued to reflect the variability present in timing of skill acquisition in young children, recent studies also document the psychometric weaknesses of cognitive measures in these age groups.
Haemodynamic effects of carvedilol, a new beta-adrenoceptor blocker and precapillary vasodilator in essential hypertension.

Carvedilol (BM 14190) is a new antihypertensive compound which combines beta-adrenoceptor blocking and precapillary vasodilating properties but is devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The acute and long-term effects on blood pressure and regional haemodynamics (forearm plethysmography) were studied with carvedilol 25 mg b.i. d. or 50 mg b.i. d. Comparisons were made with propranolol 80 mg b.i. d. in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial comprised of 30 patients with essential hypertension. After a four-week placebo period active therapy was given for four weeks. Carvedilol administered acutely reduced blood pressure at both doses, delta 13/6 mmHg (P less than 0.001/P less than 0.01) and 17/10 mmHg (P less than 0.001/P less than 0.01). Resistance in the forearm fell significantly with the higher dose. This was in contrast to propranolol which only reduced heart rate acutely, and as expected caused a rise in forearm resistance. After four weeks both compounds had reduced blood pressure significantly and to the same extent. Blood flow was still significantly reduced with propranolol in contrast to the findings with carvedilol. We conclude that carvedilol given orally has a useful antihypertensive effect both acutely and during prolonged treatment. It is well tolerated and its haemodynamic profile is attractive.
BLC (CXCL13) is expressed by different dendritic cell subsets in vitro and in vivo

Dendritic cells (DC) attract both T and B lymphocytes to induce an efficient antigen‐specific immune response. Recently, it was shown that naïve T cells are attracted to DC by dendritic cell chemokine 1 (DC‐CK1, CCL18). The potent B lymphocyte chemoattractant BLC (CXCL13) was previously shown to be essential for homing of lymphocytes into secondary lymphoid organs and for the development of B cell follicles. As the cells that produce BLC are largely unknown and BLC could be a candidate chemokine for the recruitment of B cells to DC, we analyzed different DC subsets for expression of BLC. Here we demonstrate that monocyte‐derived DC as well as activated blood DC indeed express and secrete BLC. Interestingly, ligation of the CD40 molecule down‐regulated BLC expression in monocyte‐derived DC. Staining of tonsilar sections indicated that BLC is expressed by follicular dendritic cells and germinal center dendritic cells (GCDC) in vivo. Real‐time quantitative PCR confirmed the expression of BLC in isolated GCDC. Since both B cells and activated T cells express the receptor for BLC, our findings implicate an important role for BLC in establishing the interaction of DC with T cells and B cells. Furthermore, CD40/CD40 ligand interactions could modulate this process by down‐regulating the expression of BLC.