Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
hAECs and their exosomes improve cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction in rats

Background: Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) are seed cells used to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but their mechanism remains unclear. Methods: We cultured hAECs and extracted exosomes from culture supernatants. Next, we established a stable AMI model in rats and treated them with hAECs, exosomes, or PBS. We assess cardiac function after treatment by echocardiography. Additionally, heart tissues were collected and analyzed by Masson’s trichrome staining. We conducted the tube formation and apoptosis assays to explore the potential mechanisms. Results: Cardiac function was improved, and tissue fibrosis was decreased following implantation of hAECs and their exosomes. Echocardiography showed that the EF and FS were lower in the control group than in the hAEC and exosome groups, and that the LVEDD and LVESD were higher in the control group (P<0.05). Masson’s trichrome staining showed that the fibrotic area was larger in the control group. Tube formation was more efficient in the hAEC and exosome groups (P<0.0001). Additionally, the apoptosis rates of myocardial cells in the hAEC and exosome groups were significantly decreased (P<0.0001). Conclusions: hAECs and their exosomes improved the cardiac function of rats after AMI by promoting angiogenesis and reducing the apoptosis of cardiac myocytes.
Flavonoids, the Family of Plant-Derived Antioxidants Making Inroads into Novel Therapeutic Design Against Ionizing Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease

Background: Ionizing radiation from telluric sources is unceasingly an unprotected pitfall to humans. Thus, the foremost contributors to human exposure are global and medical radiations. Various evidences assembled during preceding years reveal the pertinent role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in the progression of neurodegenerative insults, such as Parkinson’s disease, which have been contributing to increased proliferation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Objective: This review delineates the role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease and proposes novel therapeutic interventions of flavonoid family, offering effective management and slowing down the progression of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Published papers were searched in MEDLINE, PubMed, etc., published to date for in-depth database collection. Results: The oxidative damage may harm the non-targeted cells. It can also modulate the functions of the central nervous system, such as protein misfolding, mitochondria dysfunction, increased levels of oxidized lipids, and dopaminergic cell death, which accelerate the progression of Parkinson’s disease at the molecular, cellular, or tissue levels. In Parkinson’s disease, reactive oxygen species exacerbate the production of nitric oxides and superoxides by activated microglia, rendering death of dopaminergic neuronal cell through different mechanisms. Conclusion: Rising interest has extensively engrossed in the clinical trial designs based on the plant-derived family of antioxidants. They are known to exert multifarious impact on neuroprotection via directly suppressing ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production or indirectly increasing the dopamine levels and activating the glial cells.
Impact of nanosizing on the formation and characteristics of polymethacrylate films: micro- versus nano-suspensions

Abstract Aqueous-based film coating suspensions are associated with reliance on alkalinising reagents and poor film formation. The impact of particle size in this process and resultant film properties remains unclear. This study offers the first direct comparison of film formation properties between aqueous micro- and nano-suspensions of the enteric polymer Eudragit S100. High-pressure homogenisation was employed to produce nano-suspensions of the enteric polymer. Formed enteric suspensions (micro- and nano-) were evaluated in terms of size, morphology, and ability to form film; with resultant films analysed in terms of; film thickness, mechanical and thermoplastic properties, water uptake, weight loss, and drug permeability in acidic medium. High-pressure homogenisation yielded particles within a submicron range (150–200 nm). Produced nano-suspensions formed significantly thinner films (p < 0.01), at lower plasticiser concentrations, than films cast from micro-suspensions (differences in thickness up to 100 µm); however, exhibited comparative gastro-resistant properties (p > 0.05) in terms of water uptake (∼25% w/w), weight loss (<16% w/w) and drug permeability (<0.1%). Interestingly, nano-suspension-based films exhibited lower glass transition temperatures (Tg) (p < 0.01), when compared to films cast from micro-suspensions (∼7–20 °C difference), indicating enhanced plasticisation. This was reflected in film mechanical properties; where nano-suspension-based films demonstrated significantly lower tensile strength (p < 0.01) and higher percentage elongation (p < 0.05), suggesting high elasticity. Thinner, highly elastic films were formed from nano-suspensions, compared to films cast from micro-suspensions, exhibiting comparative properties; obviating the need for alkalinising agents and high concentrations of plasticiser.
Is there a combined effect of depression and cognitive reserve on cognitive function? Findings from a population-based study

Abstract Objective To analyse the combined effect of depression and cognitive reserve (CR) on cognition over a three-year follow-up period; and to explore this relationship specifically in individuals aged 65+ years. Design Data from the ‘Edad con Salud’ project were analysed (n = 1,144; 50+ years). Main Outcome Measures The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to evaluate depression. CR was assessed with the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire. Episodic memory was assessed with the word list memory and recall. Verbal fluency was measured through the animal naming task. Random coefficient regression analyses were performed. Results Depression was associated with lower scores in episodic memory, whereas increased levels of CR were related with higher scores across all the cognitive tests. Among older-aged individuals, cognition decreased at lower levels of CR regardless of depression, while participants with depression exhibited decreased values in both measures of memory at higher levels of CR. Conclusion Depression and CR were related with cognitive performance. Among older individuals, those with low levels of CR may constitute a vulnerable group with poor cognitive prognosis, whilst a harmful effect of depression on memory performance was observed among individuals with greater CR. Further evidence needs to be gathered to understand these associations.
Synthesis of Dendronized Polymers via Macromonomer Approach by Living ROMP and Their Characterization: From Rod-Like Homopolymers to Block and Gradient Copolymers

Dendronized polymers were synthesized from various endo-tricycle[4.2. 2.0]deca-3,9-diene (TD) monomers, using a macromonomer approach, via ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The polymerization was achieved in a living manner to give dendronized polymers with high molecular-weights and narrow polydispersity index. The resulting polymers showed highly extended conformations both in solution and in the solid state, even with relatively small third-generation ester dendrons, because of the rigid backbone of TD monomers. Using their rigidity, block and gradient copolymers containing TD and norbornene moieties were synthesized. Diblock copolymers were produced by the sequential addition of two dendronized macromonomers, and gradient copolymers were produced in a simple batch reaction, because large differences in reactivity allowed for the simultaneous one-pot polymerization, favoring TD over norbornene. Polymer conformations were confirmed by both scattering analysis in solution and atomic force microscopy.
Lysosome activable polymeric vorinostat encapsulating PD-L1KD for a combination of HDACi and immunotherapy

Abstract PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapy has become one of the most promising methods in the field of tumor treatment. However, it encounters the challenge of immune escape due to the exhaustion of T cells. Studies have shown that the epigenetic regulation drug histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) may be able to reverse exhausted T cells by changing the epigenetic transcription program. Therefore, the combination of epigenetic therapy and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is expected to reverse the immune escape, whereas the overriding goal should aim at the spontaneous release and synergy of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking siRNA and HDACi. In this study, we develop PDDS{polyethylene glycol-b-asparaginate(diethylenetriamine-vorinostat), (PEG-b-P[Asp(DET-SAHA)n] PPDS)}encapsulating siRNA-PD-L1to provide micelles siRNA-PD-L1-loaded micelles (siRNA@PPDS). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images demonstrate that siRNA@PPDS micelles presented spherical morphology with a size of about 120 nm; hydrodynamic data analysis indicates pH sensitivity of siRNA@PPDS micelles. The experiments reveal that siRNA@PPDS micelles could be well uptaken by the tumor cells to silence the expression of PD-L1 protein in a dose-dependent manner; compared with the free SAHA, the SAHA-loaded micelles PPDS show higher cytotoxicity to induce tumor cell apoptosis and block cell cycle in G1 phase on melanoma-bearing mice, siRNA@PPDS has shown outstanding inhibition of tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis. By comprehensively activating the immune system, lysosome activable polymeric vorinostat encapsulating PD-L1KD for the combination therapy of PD-L1-KD and HDACIs can be an effective strategy to reverse the unresponsiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors and a promising treatment to inhibit tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis in clinic.
Determining optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) in a northwest Chinese population

Abstract To determine optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) for the Chinese population. Live singleton deliveries at the largest maternal & childcare hospital in northwest China from 2010 to 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the lowest aggregated risk of interested perinatal outcomes based on Chinese adult body mass index (BMI) categories. Eight thousand eight hundred seventy enrolled parturients were divided into 4 groups according to their prepregnancy BMI: underweight (21.31%, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (67.81%, 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m2), overweight (8.99%, 24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2 and obese (1.89%, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2). The optimal GWG values for the above 4 groups were 16.7 kg (GWG range, 12.0–21.5), 14.5 kg (9.5–19.5), 11.5 kg (7.0–16.5), and 8.0 kg (5.0–13.0). The rates of inadequate, optimal and excessive GWG in present study were 6.14% (545), 62.34% (5529), and 31.52% (2796) respectively, which were significantly different from those of the 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendation (χ2 = 1416.05, Pinteraction < 0.0001). Wider optimal GWG ranges than those recommended by Institute of Medicine were found in our study, and our proposed criteria seems to be practical to the Chinese population.
Biliary Self-Expandable Metal Stent Could Be Recommended as a First Treatment Modality for Immediate Refractory Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Bleeding

Background/Aims Recent reports suggest that the biliary self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) is highly effective for maintaining hemostasis when endoscopic hemostasis fails in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related bleeding. We compared whether temporary SEMS offers better efficacy than angioembolization for refractory immediate ERCP-related bleeding. Methods Patients who underwent SEMS placement or underwent angioembolization for bleeding control in refractory immediate ERCP-related bleeding were included in the retrospective analysis. We evaluated the hemostasis success rate, severity of bleeding, change in hemoglobin levels, amount of transfusion, and delay to the start of hemostasis. Results A total of 27 patients with SEMS and 13 patients who underwent angioembolization were enrolled. More transfusions were needed in the angioembolization group (1.0±1.4 units vs. 2.5±2.0 units; p=0.034). SEMS failure was successfully rescued by angioembolization. The partially covered SEMS (n=23, 85.1%) was generally used, and the median stent-indwelling time was 4 days. The mean delay to the start of angioembolization was 95.2±142.9 (range, 9–491) min. Conclusions Temporary SEMS had similar results to those of angioembolization (96.3% vs. 92.3%; p=0.588). Immediate SEMS insertion is considered a bridge treatment modality for immediate refractory ERCP-related bleeding. Angioembolization still has a role as rescue therapy when SEMS does not work effectively.
Outcome of antenatal invasive diagnostic tests in a fetal medicine unit with low case load in North Wales, United Kingdom

Abstract The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to review rate of miscarriage following antenatal invasive diagnostic procedures from a unit where relatively low annual numbers of procedures are undertaken. Data were analysed for 201 chorionic villous samplings (CVSs) performed between January 2007 and June 2019 and 511 amniocenteses performed between January 2008 and June 2019, in singleton pregnancies. The miscarriage rates after CVS was 0% at 48 hours, 0.6% at 2 weeks and 2.5% up to 24 weeks of gestation. All four miscarriages following CVS had significant inherent high-risk features, therefore, it would be inappropriate to attribute these losses solely to the procedure itself. None of the women who had an amniocentesis had a miscarriage during the study period. We did not find a causal association between number of invasive procedures performed by an operator and miscarriage rate in our setting even with low annual numbers of invasive procedures. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) of UK recommends a minimum of at least 30 CVSs or amniocenteses procedures per year for a practitioner in order to maintain skills. A centre performing more fetal invasive procedures has lower miscarriage rates due to more experience of practitioners. What the results of this study add? This study is the first long-term audit data from a smaller fetal medicine unit with relatively low annual case load, suggesting that miscarriage risk may actually be lower than the current understanding. No additional risk of miscarriage or pregnancy loss following fetal invasive procedures even with relatively low annual numbers than that recommended by the RCOG. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The findings of this study are important in the era of non-invasive prenatal testing which will see the overall number of fetal invasive procedures decline with time. Competence in safely undertaking antenatal invasive procedure can possibly be maintained with lower annual procedure numbers. Units undertaking low number of antenatal invasive procedure must continuously audit their practice to ensure satisfactory standards and outcomes. More research is needed from smaller units to corroborate or refute the findings of this study.
Efficacy of interactive video gaming in older adults with memory complaints: A cluster-randomized exercise intervention

Purpose The effects of aging on physical and mental health may be ameliorated by regular participation in physical activity (PA). There is also evidence for the benefits of various training modalities on cognition and functional ability in older adults. The aim of this study was to compare effects of a 12-week active video gaming intervention (X Box Kinect Sports) to conventional multimodal supervised exercise on fitness, functional ability and cognitive performance in older adults with memory complaints. Methods Participants (n = 45, 72±5 yrs.) were recruited from 6 retirement homes and cluster-randomized into the Interactive Video Gaming (IVG) group (N = 23) or Conventional Multimodal (CM) group (N = 22), meeting 2 x 1 hour sessions, weekly for 12 weeks. Pre-post measures included: 6 min walk, timed up and go, dynamic balance, functional reach, Mini-Mental State Examination, N-back Task and the Modified Stroop task. Results The IVG group demonstrated significant improvement in the total number correct responses on the Stroop task (P = 0.028) and for average reaction time of correct colour-words (P = 0.024), compared to the CM group. Functional ability improved significantly in the IVG group, including the 6-min walk (P = 0.017), dynamic balance (P = 0.03), timed up and go (P<0.001) and functional reach (P<0.0010). Conclusion An active interactive video gaming intervention was more effective than conventional multimodal exercise in improving executive and global cognitive performance and functional capacity in older adults with subjective memory complaints. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry—PACTR202008547335106.
Association between the platelet‐lymphocyte ratio and short‐term mortality in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction

Previous studies have shown that inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been reported as a novel inflammatory marker. However, it is not clear whether PLR is associated with short‐term all‐cause mortality in critically ill patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
No relationship between frontal alpha asymmetry and depressive disorders in a multiverse analysis of five studies

For decades, the frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) – a disproportion in EEG alpha oscillations power between right and left frontal channels – has been one of the most popular measures of depressive disorders (DD) in electrophysiology studies. Patients with DD often manifest a left-sided FAA: relatively higher alpha power in the left versus right frontal lobe. Recently, however, multiple studies failed to confirm this effect, questioning its reproducibility. Our purpose is to thoroughly test the validity of FAA in depression by conducting a multiverse analysis – running many related analyses and testing the sensitivity of the effect to changes in the analytical approach – on data from five independent studies. Only 13 of the 270 analyses revealed significant results. We conclude the paper by discussing theoretical assumptions underlying the FAA and suggest a list of guidelines for improving and expanding the EEG data analysis in future FAA studies.
Selective Prehospital Advanced Resuscitative Care – Developing a Strategy to Prevent Prehospital Deaths From Noncompressible Torso Hemorrhage

ABSTRACT Hemorrhage, and particularly noncompressible torso hemorrhage remains a leading cause of potentially preventable prehospital death from trauma in the United States and globally. A subset of severely injured patients either die in the field or develop irreversible hemorrhagic shock before they can receive hospital definitive care, resulting in poor outcomes. The focus of this opinion paper is to delineate(a) the need for existing trauma systems to adapt so that potentially life-saving advanced resuscitation and truncal hemorrhage control interventions can be delivered closer to the point-of-injury in select patients, and(b) a possible mechanism through which some trauma systems can train and incorporate select prehospital advanced resuscitative care teams to deliver those interventions.
Hyperventilation maneuver during EEG in children with epilepsy after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Is a routine procedure necessary?

Hyperventilation (HV) is one of the main and basic activation methods during ambulatory electroencephalogram (EEG), unless medical reasons contraindicate it. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, with the high risk of human‐to‐human infection, local guidelines and recommendations have been developed that suggest not to perform the HV maneuver routinely. Our objective was to characterize patients who present positive HV in an epilepsy center.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Modeling of a Functional Conjugated Microporous Polymer: CO2 Storage and Light Harvesting

Rationalization of structure and properties of amorphous porous solids at the microscopic level is essential in developing advanced materials. We delineate the structural modeling of a designed tetraphenylethene-based amorphous conjugated microporous polymer TPE-CMP (1) and its gas storage and photophysical properties. The polymer 1 exhibits high specific surface area of 854 m2/g. 1 showed appreciable CO2 (32.4 wt %) uptake at 195 K up to 1 atm and 31.6 wt % at 273 K up to 35 bar. The structural model of 1 obtained through computational methods is quantitatively consistent with experimental observations. The microporous structural model of 1 was further validated by a calculation of CO2 adsorption isotherm obtained through GCMC simulations. Quantum chemical calculations were employed to understand the nature of interactions of CO2 with the constituents of the framework 1. π–π interaction with strength of 19 kJ/mol was observed between CO2 and the phenyl rings of TPE. 1 shows strong turn-on greenish-yellow.
Novel genomic approaches to study antagonistic coevolution between hosts and parasites

Host‐parasite coevolution is ubiquitous, shaping genetic and phenotypic diversity and the evolutionary trajectory of interacting species. With the advances of high throughput sequencing technologies applicable to model and non‐model organisms alike, it is now feasible to study in greater detail (a) the genetic underpinnings of coevolution, (b) the speed and type of dynamics at coevolving loci, and (c) the genomic consequences of coevolution. This review focuses on three recently developed approaches that leverage information from host and parasite full genome data simultaneously to pinpoint coevolving loci and draw inference on the coevolutionary history. First, co‐genome‐wide association study (co‐GWAS) methods allow pinpointing the loci underlying host‐parasite interactions. These methods focus on detecting associations between genetic variants and the outcome of experimental infection tests or on correlations between genomes of naturally infected hosts and their infecting parasites. Second, extensions to population genomics methods can detect genes under coevolution and infer the coevolutionary history, such as fitness costs. Third, correlations between host and parasite population size in time are indicative of coevolution, and polymorphism levels across independent spatially distributed populations of hosts and parasites can reveal coevolutionary loci and infer coevolutionary history. We describe the principles of these three approaches and discuss their advantages and limitations based on coevolutionary theory. We present recommendations for their application to various host (prokaryotes, fungi, plants, and animals) and parasite (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and macroparasites) species. We conclude by pointing out methodological and theoretical gaps to be filled to extract maximum information from full genome data and thereby to shed light on the molecular underpinnings of coevolution.
2020 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Part 4. Adult advanced life support

Jaehoon Oh, Kyoung-Chul Cha, Jong-Hwan Lee, Seungmin Park, Dong-Hyeok Kim, Byung Kook Lee, Jung Soo Park, Woo Jin Jung, Dong Keon Lee, Young Il Roh, Tae Youn Kim, Sung Phil Chung, Young-Min Kim, June Dong Park, Han-Suk Kim, Mi Jin Lee, Sang-Hoon Na, Gyu Chong Cho, Ai-Rhan Ellen Kim, Sung Oh Hwang; on behalf of the Steering Committee of the 2020 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care