Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of cervical spine morphology variation influence in loading and range of motions using finite element analysis

The most commonly found disease in aged people which can be dangerous and which affects the condition of an individual’s life is disc degenerative disease. The shift in the anterior load-bearing column was caused by the disc height changes in posterior side which could have adverse effects on posterior column. The lack of symptoms at early stages makes the identification of disc degenerative disease difficult but once identified, the treatment actions should be taken at right time. Biomechanical literature gives a static morphology of the FE models of cervical spine. An upcoming tendency in the current day medical practice is the use of personalized medicines and the predicting capabilities of this trend gets affected by not taking into account morphology as a model parameter. Finite element analysis is used to find the effect of variations in morphology of spine, intervertebral disc height, slope of facet joint, process height of articular facet joint and segment size was parametrized. Finite element study was done on vertebral rotation variations and ligamental forces. Some of the most important morphological variations found in the anatomy were disc segmental size & height and body depth. The estimation of ROM and calculation of impact loads were found to be the key elements in the examination of degeneration of discs. Nonetheless there are risks involved in the extensive use of instruments for direct measurement of range of motion. Fem models of the lower cervical spine are derived from a CT scan with dissimilar elements and then quality of these models is evaluated with the help of mesh element-related metrics. The range of motion values are then compared with the literature studies and the model with good mesh standard are used for future examination process. The individual components of spine are subjected to different types of loading situations and the stresses developed on them need to studied. The results gained from the finite element model helps us to plot stresses of subjects obtained from the respective lifestyles can benefit surgeons to suggest treatment actions.
İstihdam Oluşturmayan Büyümenin Türkiye’de ve OECD Ülkelerinde Geçerliliği

Bu calismada, secili 5 yuksek gelismis (Kanada, Almanya, Japonya, Isvec ve ABD) OECD ulkesi ve 5 orta gelismis (Şili, Macaristan, Meksika, Polonya ve Turkiye) OECD ulkesi icin 2010-2017 donemi arasinda ceyreklik veriler kullanilarak ‘‘Istihdamsiz Buyume Hipotezi’’nin test edilmesi amaclanmaktadir. Hipotez; ekonomik buyume arttiginda bunun issizligi azaltmayacagini iddia eder. Calismada oncelikle kurulan modeldeki degiskenlerin duraganlik analizleri (Levin, Lin ve Chu; Im, Pesaran ve Shin; Breitung) yapilmistir. Ikinci asamada ise degiskenler arasinda uzun donemli iliskilerin olup olmadigi koentegrasyon analizi ile (Pedroni ve Kao) arastirilmistir. Son asamada ise degiskenler arasindaki uzun donemli kat sayilar Tam Duzeltilmis En Kucuk Kareler Yontemi (FMOLS) ve Dinamik En Kucuk Kareler Yontemiyle (DOLS) tahmin edilmistir. Yapilan uygulama sonucunda su sonuclara ulasilmistir: a) Degiskenlere uygulanan birim kok testleri sonucunda, degiskenlerin duzey degerlerde duragan olmadiklari ancak birinci farklari alindigi zaman %1 onem seviyesinde duraganlastiklari tespit edilmistir. b) Pedroni Panel Koentegrasyon ve Kao Panel Koentegrasyon test sonuclari ise; %5 onem duzeyinde degiskenler arasinda uzun donemli bir iliski oldugunu gostermektedir. c) FMOLS ve DOLS yontemlerine gore ‘‘Istihdamsiz Buyume Hipotezi’’ panel bazinda degerlendirildiginde gecerli degildir. Ulkeler bazinda degerlendirildiginde; Turkiye, Macaristan, Polonya, Meksika, Kanada, Almanya, Japonya ve Isvec ulkelerinde gecerli degildir, ABD’de ise gecerlidir.
Multiple Fusions Approach for Keystroke Dynamics Verification System with Soft Biometrics

Computer security is a process that controls the entire information system, including network, system and hardware. Important information that must be controlled in a system is the data or information contained in a system. Various methods have been used to ensure that only users with legitimate access to data can use a system. Usernames and passwords have been a common practice by many systems as the first requirement to be fulfilled to access the system, but some systems use the secondary verification for additional confirmation. In this article, Keystroke Dynamics has been used as the user’s second level authentication for the systems that use the keyboard to login into a system. A common problem of system intrusions is that the system fails to identify the user who signs in using the keyboard when the login is correct. There is a possibility that someone else tries to break into the system. To ensure and improve users’ recognition who use the keyboard to enter their logins into the system, Keystroke Dynamics is used as a next-level verification if the login is correct. Soft biometrics is used in the user authentication process using KD method in this study. The soft biometric elements used in this study are culture, gender, educational level (CGPA - Cumulative Grade Point Average) and region of birth (ROB). All of these four soft biometric elements are expected to enhance capabilities in the user authentication process.
Multiparametric Signature of Glioblastoma Differentiation Revealed by Imaging of Cellular Epigenetic Landscapes

The resistance of Glioblastoma (GBM) to conventional cytotoxic drugs has prompted novel therapeutic strategies, including differentiating tumor propagating cells (TPCs) into less tumorigenic cells using small molecule inducers of TPC differentiation. However, high-throughput screening for such molecules is hampered by the lack of robust markers of GBM differentiation. To obtain a signature of differentiated TPCs, we developed “Microscopic Imaging of Epigenetic Landscapes” (MIEL), which captures patterns of nuclear staining for epigenetic marks to derive feature-fingerprints of individual cells. We confirmed MIEL’s ability to accurately distinguish multiple cell fates and identified a multiparametric epigenetic signature of differentiated TPCs. Critically, we validated epigenetic imaging-based signature using global gene expression thus providing the proof of principle for the MIEL’s ability to select and prioritize small molecules, which induce TPC differentiation.
Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A taxonomic survey

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have aroused the conspectus attention of scholars due to their extensive deployment in the emerging fields of the Internet of Things (IoT's) and self‐driven devices. But WSNs technologies having a major bottleneck has been associated with limited energy. Mostly research in WSNs has been focused on minimizing energy usage to extend the survival time of limited power source in a network. Energy harvesting can be addressing its energy‐scarcity problem of WSNs, so it is giving popularity to Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Networks (EH‐WSNs). The paper presents a comprehensive taxonomic survey on recently energy harvesting techniques and algorithms that proposed by various authors and also examined the work done by the various researchers in the field of EH‐WSNs. For the ready reference of the researchers, a concise summary and comparative analysis of various promising techniques for energy harvesting have also been included in the systematic survey. However, many equipment developed using the hybridization method in a singular package to get full advantages of available free energy, are explored in this review. The review on hybrid energy harvesting (HEH) systems can be considered as the originality of this article. However, the outdoor photovoltaics have been provided maximum power density about ≈100 mW/cm3, and the piezoelectric harvesters have been given maximum voltage about 325 V but the current in very minute amount. The thermoelectric, rectenna and hybrid energy harvesters (EHs) have been given high efficiency more than 80%. Additionally, hybrid EHs have location/time‐independent characteristics which harnessed power from more than one source that can be became more popular for upcoming leading technologies of self‐driven or autonomous devices shifting from battery operated devices. Finally, the survey also identifies often challenges and various significant issues that still essential to be addressed to develop a cost effective, efficient, long‐lasting, and almost maintenance‐free energy harvesting systems for WSNs along with trail to their possible solutions for future perspectives.
Interspecific integration of trait dimensions at local scales: the plant phenotype as an integrated network

Plant phenotypic diversity is shaped by the interplay of trade‐offs and constraints in evolution. Closely integrated groups of traits (i.e. trait dimensions) are used to classify plant phenotypic diversity into plant strategies, but we do not know the degree of interdependence among trait dimensions. To assess how selection has shaped the phenotypic space, we examine whether trait dimensions are independent. We gathered data on saplings of 24 locally coexisting tree species in a temperate forest, and examined the correlation structure of 20 leaf, branch, stem and root traits. These traits fall into three well‐established trait dimensions (the leaf economic spectrum, the wood spectrum and Corner's Rules) that characterize vital plant functions: resource acquisition, sap transport, mechanical support and canopy architecture. Using ordinations, network analyses and Mantel tests, we tested whether the sapling phenotype of these tree species is organized along independent trait dimensions. Across species, the sapling phenotype is not structured into clear trait dimensions. The trait relationships defining trait dimensions are either weak or absent and do not dominate the correlation structure of the sapling phenotype as a whole. Instead traits from the three commonly recognized trait dimensions are organized into an integrated trait network. The effect of phylogeny on trait correlations is minimal. Our results indicate that trait dimensions apparent in broad‐based interspecific surveys do not hold up among locally coexisting species. Furthermore, architectural traits appear central to the phenotypic network, suggesting a pivotal role for branching architecture in linking resource acquisition, mechanical support and hydraulic functions. Synthesis. Our study indicates that local and global patterns of phenotypic integration differ and calls into question the use of trait dimensions at local scales. We propose that a network approach to assessing plant function more effectively reflects the multiple trade‐offs and constraints shaping the phenotype in locally co‐occurring species.
Strengthening western equatorial Pacific and Maritime Continent atmospheric convection and its modulation on the trade wind during spring of 1901–2010

Changes in the tropical atmospheric overturning circulation can strongly influence the global weather pattern via affecting the location, extent, and strength of tropical convective heating. However, due to limitations in obtaining reliable global data before the satellite era, there are still uncertainties on long‐term changes in the tropical overturning features, such as the Walker Circulation. By analysing the 20th century reanalysis products, ship‐based observations and gauge‐based land precipitation data, robust intensification of convection is found over the western equatorial Pacific and Maritime Continent (WEP‐MC; 90°E–150°E/15°S–15°N), where rainfall and total cloud cover increased by 15–20% in boreal spring during 1901–2010. The signal is noticeably seasonally dependent, and both rainfall and cloud cover show consistent and significant increasing trends only in the boreal spring season. General circulation model (GCM) experiments were conducted using two different reconstructed SST data sets as forcing; results from both runs indicate springtime intensification of WEP‐MC convection, even with relatively uniform SST warming. Further, numerical experiments using a simplified model show that the Pacific trade wind can be accelerated by intensifying cumulus heating; however, this can be sensitive to the location of convection, and only occurs if the latter is within ±5° in latitude along the equator. Our findings suggest that the secular change in the Walker Circulation is potentially discovered from the current reanalysis and observational data sets if “regional‐up” approaches are applied.
Study of the mechanisms of sexual differentiation in the fission yeast S. pombe

In the fission yeast S. pombe, several meiotic mRNAs are constitutively expressed during the mitotic cell cycle. In order to avoid untimely entry into meiosis, cells have adopted a degradation system that selectively eliminates the corresponding mRNAs. The YTH family RNA-binding protein Mmi1 recognizes specific sequence motifs within these transcripts (UNAAAC) and allows their targeting to the nuclear exosome for degradation. Upon entry into meiosis, Mmi1 is sequestered in a ribonucleoprotein complex, composed by the meiotic protein Mei2 and the non-coding RNA meiRNA, allowing meiotic mRNAs to be exported and translated. During my PhD studies, I focused my interest on the role of Mmi1 in the degradation of meiotic transcripts during vegetative growth. In accord with recent studies, our results show that Mmi1 stably interacts with the mRNA deadenylation complex Ccr4-Not. This interaction has a functional relevance since Ccr4-Not is involved in the degradation of meiotic mRNAs. Surprisingly, however, the deadenylation activity is not required. Our genetic and biochemical analyses indicate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mot2, subunit of the Ccr4-Not complex, ubiquitinate a pool of the inhibitor of Mmi1, the Mei2 protein, to favor its degradation by the proteasome. This regulatory mechanism ensures the maintenance of Mmi1 in a functional state, leading to the persistent repression of meiotic mRNAs in mitotic cells. Thus, Mmi1 has a dual role: in nuclear mRNA surveillance, by targeting meiotic transcripts for degradation by the exosome, and in protein degradation, by recruiting Ccr4-Not to its own inhibitor Mei2. These results have also revealed a novel role for the ubiquitin ligase activity of the Ccr4-Not subunit Mot2 in the control of sexual differentiation in fission yeast. Our supplemental results indicate that the YTH RNA-binding domain of Mmi1, but not the non-coding RNA meiRNA, is required for the degradation of Mei2. Remarkably, our results also revealed that the YTH domain of Mmi1 has a key role in the interaction with Mei2. This strongly suggests that the YTH domain acts as a bifunctional module, allowing the binding not only to meiotic RNAs but also to proteins, such as Mei2. We discuss these results within the context of the current literature and we propose a novel model for the control of sexual differentiation by the Mmi1-Mei2 system.
The effect of feeding toasted Bambara nut Vigna subterranea L verdc offal and supplementary enzyme on performance of broiler chicks 271

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the performance, cost implications and haematological traits of feeding varying dietary levels of toasted bambara nut offal (TBO) (0, 10, 15 and 20%) with supplementary enzyme, 2 enzyme levels, (0 and 0.02%) to one hundred and twenty 14-day old mixed sex commercial broiler chicks (Anak strain) that were randomly divided into eight treatment groups of 15 birds each. Feed intake increased significantly (P 0.05) affected. Significant (P<0.05) differences existed among treatments in haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC). Based on the results obtained in the study, it was concluded that up to 10%toasted bambara nut offal can be included in enzyme supplemented broiler starter diet without adverse effects on the performance and haematological indices of broiler chicks.
Rate of Intracranial Hemorrhage After Minor Head Injury

Introduction: Computed tomography scans of the head (CTH) are an important component of the initial patient evaluation after blunt head trauma in select patients. Here we review findings of CTH performed for mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) at a Level I trauma center over a two-year period. We subsequently discuss the role and limitations of published clinical decision rules aiming to decrease unnecessary CTH in mild TBI patients. Methods: We reviewed all Emergency Department CTH obtained after blunt head trauma between 2010 and 2011. Patient demographics and radiology report texts were collected. Reports were cross-referenced with our institutional trauma database to obtain initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Mild TBI was defined by an initial GCS 13-15 with or without loss of consciousness or post-traumatic amnesia. Results: There were 5,634 mild TBI patients evaluated with CTH. A total of 477 scans (8.5%) were positive for intracranial hemorrhage. Of these, 188 (39.4%) showed more than one type of intracranial hemorrhage. The most common findings were subdural hematomas (262, 4.7% of scans), traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages (252, 4.5% of scans), and cerebral contusions/intraparenchymal hematomas (212, 3.8% of scans). Older age (p<0.001) and male gender (p<0.001) were associated with positive CTH. Conclusions: The rate of positive CTH in mild TBI patients in our population falls within a historical range. The clinical and medicolegal implications of missed intracranial hemorrhage have remained important factors limiting the implementation of clinical decision rules in screening mild TBI patients for CTH.
The Molecular Action of Actinorhodin, an Antibiotic Produced by Streptomyces coelicolor

Actinorhodin is a blue-pigmented, redox-active secondary metabolite that is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor. Although actinorhodin has been used as a model compound for studying secondary metabolism, its biological activity is not well understood. Indeed, redoxactive antibiotics in general have not been widely investigated at the mechanistic level. In this work, I have conducted a comprehensive chemical genetic investigation of actinorhodin’s antibacterial effect on target organisms. I show that actinorhodin is a potent, bacteriostatic, pHresponsive antibiotic and that its redox activity, but not its in vitro organocatalyst activity, is important for its antibacterial activity. In the presence of actinorhodin, cells activate at least three stress responses, including those responsible for managing oxidative damage, protein damage, and selected forms of DNA damage. I find that mutations in the Staphylococcus aureus walRKHI operon can confer low level resistance to actinorhodin, indicating possible targeting of the cell envelope. This study indicates a complex mechanism of action for actinorhodin that is distinct from other redox-active compounds.
Modélisation basée sur la théorie des budgets d’énergie dynamiques (DEB) de la cinétique de bioaccumulation des toxines paralysantes (PST) par l’huître creuse Crassostrea gigas

L’huitre creuse Crassostrea gigas est l’un des mollusques les plus commercialise au monde. Cette espece cosmopolite doit faire face a de nombreux agents pathogenes (bacteries, virus), parasites, xenobiotiques, et/ou micro-algues toxiques. En tant que bivalve filtreur, elle peut accumuler de fortes charges de phycotoxines, dont les toxines paralysantes (PST), lorsqu’elle est exposee a des blooms de micro-algues toxiques (HAB). Pour proteger la sante humaine, des interdictions de vente de coquillages sont declarees lorsque ceux-ci sont contamines en PST, impactant ainsi le secteur ostreicole. Ce travail de these a pour but de developper un modele base sur la theorie des Budgets d’Energie Dynamiques (DEB) decrivant la cinetique d’intoxication et de detoxication des PST chez C. gigas. Le couplage d’un modele de bioaccumulation avec un modele DEB permet de prendre en compte certaines variables physiologiques de l’huitre et les conditions environnementales pour simuler avec precision la dynamique d’accumulation des PST. Deux experiences consistant a exposer C. gigas au dinoflagelle toxique Alexandrium minutum ont ete realisees. La consommation de toxines a ete calibree dans une premiere experience a court terme ou le taux de filtration et l’efficacite d’assimilation ont ete mesures individuellement durant une phase d’exposition a des micro-algues non-toxiques puis toxiques. Les taux de respiration et le rythme cardiaque ont egalement ete mesures. En identifiant trois phenotypes distincts ayant des potentiels d’accumulation differents, cette etude amene de nouvelles connaissances concernant l’importante variabilite inter-individuelle dans l’accumulation de PST observee chez C. gigas. Ensuite, une experience a moyen terme a ete menee ou des naissains ont ete exposes a un melange de micro-algues toxiques et non-toxiques.
The Impact of Generic Data Structures: Decoding the Role of Lists in the Linux Kernel

The increasing adoption of the Linux kernel has been sustained by a large and constant maintenance effort, performed by a wide and heterogeneous base of contributors. One important problem that maintainers face in any code base is the rapid understanding of complex data structures. The Linux kernel is written in the C language, which enables the definition of arbitrarily uninformative datatypes, via the use of casts and pointer arithmetic, of which doubly linked lists are a prominent example. In this paper, we explore the advantages and disadvantages of such lists, for expressivity, for code understanding, and for code reliability. Based on our observations, we have developed a toolset that includes inference of descriptive list types and a tool for list visualization. Our tools identify more than 10,000 list fields and variables in recent Linux kernel releases and succeeds in typing 90%. We show how these tools could have been used to detect previously fixed bugs and identify 6 new ones.
INACTIVACIÓN DE MICROORGANISMOS CONTAMINANTES NATURALES Y Salmonella typhimurium EN LARVAS DE MOSCAS SOLDADO NEGRA (Hermetia illucens) MEDIANTE TRATAMIENTOS DE ALTA PRESIÓN HIDROSTÁTICA HHP

The objective of this research was to carry out the microbiological characterization of black soldier larvae (Hermetia illucens), and the inactivation by high hydrostatic pressures of the natural contaminating microorganisms and Salmonella typhimurium inoculated in larvae of Hermetia illucens. Microbiological characterization indicated that the larvae contained a high contamination load on aerobic mesophilic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms varied; while no Listeria spp or Clostridium botulinum or perfringens were found Salmonella and E. coli were detected in larvae extract. High pressure was effective against Salmonella and mesophilic aerobic bacteria, but a low reduction of mold and yeast load was achieved. When the larvae were inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium, the level of inactivation varied according to the applied pressure intensity. At 350 MPa for 15 minutes complete inactivation was achieved in the number of viable cells. In conclusion, the application of hydrostatic high pressure seems to be an eligible technology to kill some pathogenic microorganisms in products of insects and derivatives.
GUÍA BREVE Y ACTUALIZADA PARA ANALIZAR LA PERSONALIDAD DESDE EL CONDUCTISMO

En el presente articulo se lleva a cabo una revision de las teorias conductistas a manera breve y actualizada, valorando el constructo de “personalidad” como imprescindible. Se sostiene que dichas teorias son poco difundidas, por lo cual su desconocimiento es notorio tanto en estudiantes como en profesionales interesados en el tema de la personalidad. En tal sentido, despues de hacer un recorrido historico del tratamiento del problema de la personalidad en el conductismo, se abordan sus variantes contemporaneas: el sociocognitivismo, el conductismo psicologico, el interconductismo y la teoria de marcos relacionales. Finalmente se culmina con una breve apreciacion comparativa de aquello que aportan todas ellas.