Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KARYOLOGICAL STUDY OF SOME ONOPORDUM L. (ASTERACEAE) SPECIES IN IRAN

The somatic chromosome numbers and karyotype of five species of Onopordum L. (Asteraceae) from Iran were investigated. Our results confirm that all of the species are diploid (2n=34). First chromosome reports are presented for O. leptolepis DC. , O. heteracanthum C. A. Mey. and O. carduchorum Bornm & Beauverd. Besides, the chromosome numbers of O. armenum Grossh. , O. carduchorum and O. acanthium L. are reported from Iran for the first time, confirm the previous reports. Karyotype formulae for O. armenum, O. carduchorum and O. leptolepis were similar (1Sm+16m), for O. heteracanthum and O. acanthium were respectively 17m and 1M+16m+2B. Satellites were commonly found on submetacentric pairs, being also variable in morphology and location.
Annotated catalogue of types of Hawaiian land and freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, with lectotype designations

ABSTRACT Pacific island land snail faunas are among the most threatened faunas in the world, having suffered a higher rate of extinction than any other major animal group. The Hawaiian land snails are among the most species rich and most severely impacted of these faunas, yet the current status of most of the Hawaiian species is unknown. Most of the major taxonomic studies on the fauna were under-taken 50–100 years ago and only certain groups were comprehensively revised. New research is uncovering undescribed species, both extant and extinct. The need for rigorous taxonomic treatment of the group is acute if the validity and conservation status of the many species is to be ascertained, and the basis for such research is comprehensive study of type material. The Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, holds type material of 38 nominal species-group taxa of Hawaiian land and freshwater snails belonging to six families, overwhelmingly the Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873 and Amastridae Pilsbry, 1910; this annotated catalogue provides details of this material. We designate lectotypes for 17 species-group taxa. Name-bearing types (holotypes, lectotypes and representative syntypes) are illustrated.
Risky choice frames shift the structure and emotional valence of internal arguments: A query theory account of the unusual disease problem

We examine a Query Theory account of risky choice framing effects — when risky choices are framed as a gain, people are generally risky averse but, when an equivalent choice is framed as a loss, people are risk seeking. Consistent with Query Theory, frames affected the structure of participants’ arguments: gain frame participants listed arguments favoring the certain option earlier and more often than loss frame participants. These argumentative shifts mediated framing effects; manipulating participants initial arguments attenuated them. While emotions, as measured by PANAS, were related to frames but not related to choices, an exploratory text analysis of the affective valence of arguments was related to both. Compared to loss-frame participants, gain-frame participants expressed more positive sentiment towards the certain option than the risky option. This relative-sentiment index predicted choices by itself but not when included with structure of arguments. Further, manipulated initial arguments did not significantly affect participant’s relative sentiment. Prior to changing choices, risky choice frames alter both the structure and emotional valence of participants’ internal arguments.
Characterization of ectomycorrhizal communities of Asteropeia mcphersonii seedlings spontaneously growing in natural forest and in open disturbed areas

Abstract Forest ecosystem disturbances generate changes including soil changes, generally with loss of topsoil and loss of much of the diversity of microorganisms, which are usually replaced by others that are more adapted to the new conditions. We describe the effect of rainforest clear-cutting in Madagascar, with stripping of surface soil horizons among ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with natural Asteropeia mcphersonii seedlings. An experimental device was placed on four sites, each including an undisturbed plot with litter and a plot in clear-cut areas on a soil composed of a homogeneous mineral substrate. On each of these eight plots the ectomycorrhizal infection rate was determined and root tips were collected to sequence the internal transcribed spacer. 219 sequences grouped into 59 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained. The main taxonomic groups were Russulaceae, Boletales and Thelephoraceae. Marked spatial aggregation was observed for OTUs. The disturbance significantly affected the ectomycorrhizal infection rate of A. mcphersonii seedlings and the OTU composition of mycorrhizal communities. However, some OTUs were found in both types of environments. We discuss the effect of the disturbance on mycorrhizal communities associated with natural ectomycorrhizal A. mcphersonii seedlings, particularly in view of its application to ecological restoration of disturbed forest environments.
COVID-19 and SME Failures

We estimate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on business failures among small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in seventeen countries using a large representative firm-level database. We use a simple model of firm cost-minimization and measure each firm’s liquidity shortfall during and after COVID-19. Our framework allows for a rich combination of sectoral and aggregate supply, productivity, and demand shocks. We estimate a large increase in the failure rate of SMEs under COVID-19 of nearly 9 percentage points, ab-sent government support. Accommodation & Food Services, Arts, Entertainment & Recreation, Education, and Other Services are among the most affected sectors. The jobs at risk due to COVID-19 related SME business failures represent 3.1 percent of private sector employment. Despite the large impact on business failures and employment, we estimate only moderate effects on the financial sector: the share of Non Performing Loans on bank balance sheets would increase by up to 11 percentage points, representing 0.3 percent of banks’ assets and resulting in a 0.75 percentage point decline in the common equity Tier-1 capital ratio. We evaluate the cost and effectiveness of various policy interventions. The fiscal cost of an intervention that narrowly targets at risk firms can be modest (0.54% of GDP). However, at a similar level of effectiveness, non-targeted subsidies can be substantially more expensive (1.82% of GDP). Our results have important implications for the severity of the COVID-19 recession, the design of policies, and the speed of the recovery.
Response of Four Rice (Oryza sativa) Cultivars to Triclopyr

Experiments were conducted from 1994 through 1996 to determine the response of the rice cultivars ‘Bengal,’ ‘Cypress,’ ‘Jodon,’ and ‘Kaybonnet’ to triclopyr at 0.42 (standard rate) and 0.84 kg ai/ha applied postemergence at the four-leaf and panicle initiation stages of growth. Applications at the four-leaf stage were made in close association with fertilization and flood establishment, which often increases the potential for triclopyr to injure rice. Visible injury from triclopyr was slightly higher for the cultivar Jodon than for the cultivars Bengal, Cypress, or Kaybonnet. Injury was 3% or less when triclopyr at 0.42 kg/ha was applied at panicle initiation regardless of the cultivar. Triclopyr at 0.42 and 0.84 kg/ha applied at the four-leaf growth stage injured rice 7% and 22%, respectively. Triclopyr at 0.84 kg/ha applied at the four-leaf stage of growth delayed days from seedling emergence to seed head emergence and rice grain yield, irrespective of cultivar.
Integron-Mediated Multidrug and Quinolone Resistance in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Background: Despite intensive care and treatment strategies, the development of antibiotic resistance to empirical drugs is con- cerning. Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL)-producingEscherichiacoli andKlebsiella pneumoniae for integron-mediated quinolone resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 71 E. coli and 63 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing with the Kirby-Bauer method, followed by ESBL phenotypic screening with the combination disc method. The isolates were then genotypically characterized with PCR for the presence of integrons and thegyrA,parC,blaCTX-M-3,blaTEM, andblaSHV genes. Resistance to antibiotics was confirmed by sequencing. Results: K. pneumoniae was a potent ESBL producer (71.4%) in comparison to E. coli (57.7%). The predominant ESBL genotypes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae confirmed by sequencing were blaCTX-M-15 (67.60%) and blaSHV-1 (80.95%), respectively. Imipenem was the only antibiotic active against the ESBL-producing isolates. Approximately 54% of the isolates exhibited MDR patterns. MDR was more frequently related to the presence of blaCTX-M-3 in comparison to other genotypes. The prevalence of class 1 integrons was 15 (45.4%) and 22 (66.6%) of the E. coli and K. pneumonia isolates, respectively. Within the ESBL group, a class 1 genetic element was associated with the blaCTX-M-3 genotype in E. coli (36.58%) and K. pneumoniae (51.11%). Overall, almost half of the ESBL producers, irrespective of genus, were simultaneously resistant to quinolones. The simultaneous presence of class 1 and 2 integrons in quinolone-resistant isolates was the most frequent observation. Conclusions: The high prevalence of multidrug and ESBL-mediated resistance is a therapeutic concern. The co-emergence of ES- BLs and quinolone resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae suggests the preservation of the power of antibiotics in the face of the antibiotic-resistance crisis.
Optimasi Konsentrasi 2,4-D, Ba, dan Lama Penyinaran untuk Memacu Regenerasi Tunas dari Kalus Kedelai Optimization of 2,4-D Concentration, Ba, and Long Irradiation to Promote Regeneration Buds from Callus of Soybean

Alternatif untuk mengatasi kualitas kedelai yang rendah yaitu perbaikan sifat genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) dan Benzyl Adenine (BA) serta lama penyinaran dan interaksinya terhadap regenerasi tunas dari kalus kedelai, dan untuk menentukan interaksi faktor-faktor yang paling optimal dalam regenerasi tunas dari kalus kedelai. Konsentrasi 2,4-D dan BA masing-masing terdiri dari 4 taraf (0 ppm; 3 ppm; 6 ppm; 9 ppm) dan 2 taraf lama penyinaran (24 jam dan 0 jam). Analisis menggunakan ANAVA tiga arah dan uji lanjut Duncan. Parameter yang diamati adalah waktu muncul tunas, panjang tunas, jumlah tunas, dan persentase kalus membentuk tunas. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi BA dan lama penyinaran mempengaruhi regenerasi tunas dari kalus kedelai, sedangkan konsentrasi 2,4-D tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap regenerasi tunas. Konsentrasi BA yang paling optimal adalah 3 ppm dan lama penyinaran yang optimal adalah kondisi 0 jam. Interaksi konsentrasi BA, 2,4-D dan lama penyinaran berpengaruh terhadap regenerasi tunas terutama pada banyaknya jumlah tunas yang dihasilkan. Perlakuan BA 3 ppm + 2,4-D 6 ppm + 24 jam adalah perlakuan yang optimal dalam meregenerasi tunas dengan jumlah kalus yang banyak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan untuk meregenerasi kalus menggunakan ZPT BA dan 2,4-D dan Lama penyinaran. Genetic trait improvement is a way to overcome the low quality soybean. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl Adenine (BA) concentration and long irradiation and their interaction on bud regeneration from callus soybean, and to determine the interaction of the factors that most optimal in bud regeneration from callus soybean. 2,4-D and BA concentration each consisting of 4 levels (0 ppm; 3 ppm; 6 ppm; 9 ppm) and 2 levels long irradiation (24 hours and 0 hour). Analysis using a three -way ANAVA and Duncan test further. Parameters measured were the time appears bud, bud length, number of buds, and the percentage of callus forming buds. The result showed that BA concentration and long irradiation affects the regeneration of shoots from callus soybean, whereas the concentration of 2,4-D had no significant effect on bud regeneration. The most optimal concentration of BA is 3 ppm and optimal long irradiation is the condition 0 hours. BA concentration, 2,4-D concentration and long irradiation interaction effect on the regeneration of buds mainly on the number of buds produced. Treatment BA 3 ppm + 2,4-D 6 ppm + 24 hours is the optimal treatment in regenerating buds the number of callus that many. Based on the research results suggested to regenerate callus using ZPT BA and 2,4-D and long irradiation.
SAT0025 Shift in Genetic Composition of an IL-32 Promoter Polymorphism Resuls in a Higher Cytokine Production in RA Patients

Background IL-32 is a cytokine that can be spliced into various isoforms with different potency and can induce pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα. [1] IL-32 was found to play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). High expression levels of IL-32 were found in RA synovial tissue biopsies, which correlated with synovial presence of TNFα. [2] Expression of IL-32 splice variants might be regulated by promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), however functional implications of these SNPs are still unknown in RA patients. Objectives To investigate the effects of an IL-32 promoter SNP (rs4786370) on the expression of IL-32 splice variants in healthy individuals and RA patients and the genetic composition within these groups. Determine whether differences in genotype result in changes in the immune response to pro-inflammatory cytokines and Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in control versus RA patients. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals and RA patients were stimulated with various pro-inflammatory cytokines and PAMPs. Next, mRNA levels of different splice variants of IL-32 were determined by quantitative PCR and genotype for the IL-32 polymorphism was determined by taqman assays. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in supernatants by ELISA. Results The expression of the most potent splice variant IL-32γ was higher at basal level for the TT-genotype compared to the CC-genotype in both healthy individuals and RA patients. Furthermore, significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 were found in healthy individuals with the TT-genotype. In line with this, in a large cohort of RA patients stimulation with PAMPs also showed a higher immune response linked to the TT-genotype. Remarkably, within the RA cohort the allele frequency of TT was increased with 5.9% whereas the allele frequency of CC decreased with 5% compared to the allele frequencies in the European population (HapMap data). The percentage of heterozygous individuals stayed similar. Conclusions A polymorphism in the promoter region of IL-32 results in higher IL-32γ mRNA expression in people with the TT-genotype. This genotype is also linked with a higher cytokine production in PBMCs from healthy individuals, exposed to IL-1 or poly I:C. Furthermore, this genotype seems to occur more frequently in RA patients. Future studies should investigate whether this observation is of clinical relevance, i.e. determining the level of disease activity or response to anti-rheumatic drugs. References Dinarello, C.A. and S.H. Kim, IL-32, a novel cytokine with a possible role in disease. Ann Rheum Dis, 2006. 65 Suppl 3: p. iii61-4. Joosten, L.A. , et al., IL-32, a proinflammatory cytokine in rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2006. 103(9): p. 3298-303. Disclosure of Interest None declared
The Development of a Skin Image Analysis Tool by Using Machine Learning Algorithms

We present our latest research work on the development of a skin image analysis tool by using machine-learning algorithms. Skin imaging is very import in skin research. Over the years, we have used and developed different types of skin imaging techniques. As the number of skin images and the type of skin images increase, there is a need of a dedicated skin image analysis tool. In this paper, we report the development of such software tool by using the latest MATLAB App Designer. It is simple, user friendly and yet powerful. We intend to make it available on GitHub, so that others can benefit from the software. This is an ongoing project; we are reporting here what we have achieved so far, and more functions will be added to the software in the future.
Fungi from different substrates

Fungi from Brassicas as substrates Jalpa P. Tewari Fungi from monuments Clara Urzi' Ubiquitous occurrence of thermophilic moulds T. Satyanarayana and R. Juneja Aquatic Hyphomycetes in Brazilian tropical urban waters Iracema Helena Schoenlein-Crusius* Carolina Gasch Moreira & Elaine Malosso Distribution of myxomycetes among the microhabitats available for these organisms in tropical forests Rojas, C. , A. W. Rollins and S. L. Stephenson Coprophilous fungi-A Review and Selected Bibliography J. K. Misra, Shubha Pandey and Avaneesh Kumar Gupta Fungi from Fossilized Substrates S. M. Tripathi and S. Mishra Birbal Sahni Wood-Inhabiting Fungi Daniel Tura, Solomon P. Wasser and Ivan V. Zmitrovich Fungi from rice plant Evelyn Gergon Fungal Pathogen of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Occurring in India S. K. Sharma and Dr. S.K. Srivastava Fungi in and on dairy products Judit Krisch Fungi Associated with Animal Diseases in India Rishendra Verma Fungi from Substrates in Marine Environment Ka-Lai Pang and Dr. Zhu-Hua Luo Diversity of micro-fungi in streams affected by coal mine drainage of Jaintia Hills Meghalaya Ibandarisuk Lyngdoh and Highland Kayang Fungi associated with AIDS patients Jalpa P. Tewari
Agricultural concepts of roots: from morphogenetic to functional equilibrium between root and shoot growth

Concepts of the importance of root growth and function for plant production have changed gradually over the past century from a 'morphogenetic equilibrium' be­ tween root and shoot growth, which can be summarized as 'the more roots the bet­ ter shoot growth', to a 'functional equilibrium' which puts emphasis on the water and nutrient uptake by the root system and not on the size of the root system as such. In fact, separate optima for root growth and shoot growth (dependent on root function) can often be distinguished. To obtain maximum crop production, rela­ tively small root systems can be sufficient, provided the supply of water and nu­ trients is continuously high. Agricultural interventions aimed at increasing rooting depth by lowering the water-table or by deep soil tillage may be counterproductive for plant growth. Larger root systems may, however, reduce risks under rapidly changing environmental conditions and may increase nutrient use efficiency and hence reduce nutrient losses to the environment. Concepts are discussed in a histor­ ical perspective and examples are given of the empirical evidence to support or re­ fute them.
TOWARDS ANALYSIS OF MOBILE AGENT SYSTEM IN NETWORK ENVIRONMENT

Mobile agents are a modern and optimistically better network computing pattern compared with the currently used approach to remote computing, based on a client–server model. Generally a network environment is a system which can take advantage of vulnerability of the mobile agents that has come to the host machine to get it work done. Threats against mobile agents involve the protection from the remote host, other mobile agents and entities outside the mobile agent system, such as attacks on the transport mechanisms. It is difficult to guard against these type of attacks because of the fact that traditional protection mechanisms were developed to address threats generating from attacks on the execution environment by the application and not the other way around. Proposed work is about the mobile agent, the various security threats that can be posed by malicious host and consequently the solutions. This paper proposed a solution by combining few approaches and distilling the best so that it can provide a better solution.
[The distribution of Lernaea cyprinacea (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) in a crucian carp population].

: Differences in the infection with copepods and the character of distribution of occurrence frequencies of Lernaea in crucian carp depending on the body length and sex of the latter are shown. The lowest infection rate with copepods was recorded for fishes with body length 8-11 cm as compared to specimens with body length 12-18 and 18.5-34 cm. The two latter groups did not differ from each other in this index. In males and females whose body length is 8-11 cm as well as in females with body length 12-34 cm the occurrence frequencies of Lernaea are satisfactorily described by the negative binomial distribution curve. In males with body length 12-18 cm the occurrence frequencies of copepods are approximated by the binomial distribution curve. On the basis of obtained data it was concluded that fishes with a small body length as well as Carassius males and females with a greater body length represent three distinct host groups which differ in their part of maintaining the number of Lernaea of the host group.
Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae, Hyophryne histrio : distribution extension

Hyophryne histrio was described as a new genus and species based on a single juvenile specimen from Fazenda Repartimento, municipality of Ilheus, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Since the original description the taxon remained undocumented until 1999 when 42 specimens were collected in pitfall traps at Una Biological Reserve (15°10' S, 39° 31' W) and surroundings, ca. 50 km south of the type locality at Ilheus (Dixo 2004). Argolo (2005) reported one specimen of H. histrio from Fazenda Uniao (15°16' S, 40°27' W), municipality of Itambe, state of Bahia. This record extended the range of H. histrio ca. 150 km west of the Una Reserve and Ilheus localities.
PERANCANGAN PROTOTIPE SISTEM KELUAR MASUK KENDARAAN DENGAN PROSES LPR (LICENSE PLATE RECOGNITION) DAN QR (QUICK RESPONSE) CODE DI UNIVERSITAS BENGKULU

Tingkat keamanan yang lebih pada suatu tempat akan membuat pemilik kendaraan merasa nyaman dan tidak khawatir akan kendaraan yang dimilikinya. LPR (License Plate Recognition) merupakan salah satu pemanfaatan pengolahan citra untuk mengenali karakter nomor pada plat kendaraan. Metode yang digunakan dalam proses pengenalan karakter pada plat nomor kendaraan adalah K – Nearest Neighbors (K-NN). Inisialisasi tambahan pada sistem keamanan diperlukan untuk menjaga kendaraan dengan tingkat keamanan yang tinggi. Quick Response (QR) Code digunakan sebagai ID bagi para pengendara yang akan melakukan proses keluar masuk kendaraannya. Berdasarkan hasil analisa dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa akurasi proses pendeteksian plat nomor kendaraan dengan metode K-NN pada penelitian ini adalah 93.875%. Sedangkan berdasarkan jarak minimum kendaraan sejauh 0.6 m tingkat akurasi mencapai 100% dan pada jarak maksimum kendaraan sejauh 1.5 m tingkat akurasi sebesar 82.5%. Tingkat pada pembacaan QR code memiliki akurasi sebesar 95 %.