Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative effects of alfalfa extract supply on rice straw degradation, fermentation and biomass synthesis by rumen microorganisms in vitro

En Asie et en Afrique, l'affouragement des ruminants en paille de riz est parfois associe a des dechets de maraichage ou a des legumineuses (Niebe). Les benefices eventuels de cette pratique doivent etre verifies, en portant une attention particuliere a l'action des composes cytoplasmiques autres que les proteines et les mineraux majeurs sur le metabolisme des micro-organismes du rumen. Le contenu cytoplasmique du modele choisi est un extrait par pressage d'une luzerne (Medicago sativa) recoltee en debut de floraison (EL). Nous avons etudie l'effet de l'EL sur une communaute de micro-organismes du rumen maintenue en fermenteurs a double effluent sur une ration paille de riz + azote inorganique (MAT: 73.3 g○kg -1 MS). Trois niveaux d'apport ont ete appliques pour detecter d'eventuels effets curvilineaires: 0; 0,227; 0,455 ml○g -1 MS paille. Le pH et le potentiel redox ont varie de 6,72 a 6,84, et de -335 a -370 mV respectivement. L'EL n'a pas significativement modifie les variables fermentaires, ni la degradabilite reelle de la MO, ou les degradabilites du NDF et ADF demineralises. L'extrait de luzerne a diminue le flux de MO fermentee (MOF) de 14 % tandis qu'il a accru le flux de MO microbienne (+ 33 %) et l'efficacite de la synthese de proteines microbiennes (de 15 a 26 g N○kg-1 MOF). Cet effet a ete curvilineaire et parait negligeable au dela de 45-50 % du niveau d'apport maximal. Dans notre essai, l'EL n'a pas significativement modifie l'apport d'energie et d'azote aux micro-organismes. Son action catalytique sur le metabolisme microbien justifie l'apport de matiere vegetale fraiche dans la ration meme en faible quantite.
Significance of biomass and light availability to phytoplankton productivity in San Francisco Bay

Primary productivity was measured monthly at 6 sites within San Francisco Bay, USA, throughout 1980. The 6 sites were chosen to represent a range of estuarine environments with respect to salinity, phytoplankton community composition, turbidity, and water depth. Annual net production over the photic zone ranged from 95 to 150 g C m-2, and was highest in regions of lowest turbidity. Daily photic zone net productivity PN,, ranged from 0.05 to 2 . 2 g C m-2 d-', and was significantly correlated with the composite parameter B I,/& (where B = phytoplankton biomass; I, = daily surface insolation; E = attenuation coefficient). Lnear regression of PN,, against B Io/€ indicated that most (82 %) of the spatio-temporal variability in primary productivity within this estuary is explained by variations in light availability and phytoplankton biomass. We also calculated annual water-column net productivity PN, as a fraction of annual gross productivity PGx The ratio PN,, : PG, was inversely related to the ratio of water depth H to annual mean photic depth Z,. This linear relation indicates that the watercolumn of San Francisco Bay is a net photosynthetic source of organic carbon only when the ratio H : Z, < 6. In deep turbid habitats, where H : Tp > 6 , respiratory loss exceeds productivity. Thus, 2 empirical formulations allow us to estimate productivity over the photic zone and water column from simple properties that are easily measured.
Morphometric Relief Investigations of Sulur Block at Coimbatore Districts , Tamil Nadu ( India )

The Sulur block is located at 11°02′N 77°08′E11.03°N 77.13°E. It has an average elevation of 340 metres (1115 feet). Study area is in the extreme western part of Tamil Nadu. It is surrounded by the Western Ghats mountain range on the west and north, with reserve forests on the northern side. The Noyyalriver runs through Coimbatore and forms the southern boundary of the study area. The study area sits amidst Noyyal basin. The study area has a pleasant, salubrious climate due to its proximity to thickly forested mountain ranges and the cool breeze blowing through the Palghat Gap which makes the consistently hot temperatures pleasant. The study area exhibits the mountain profile, high relative relief variation, the average slope is both sides moderate and high central part is low, high frequency stream order categories, central region low drainage density, the coarse and intermediate drainage texture, roughness index and ruggedness. These parameters prove that study area. This features main reason for this topography.
Electronic properties of CVD graphene: The role of grain boundaries, atmospheric doping, and encapsulation by ALD

Grain boundaries and unintentional doping can have profound effects on graphene‐based devices. Here we study these in detail for CVD grown poly‐crystalline monolayer graphene with two significantly different grain size distributions centered around 10–25 μm and 100–400 μm. Although the two types of graphene are processed under identical conditions after growth, they show distinct transport properties in field effect transistor devices. While all as‐fabricated samples showed similar p‐type doping, the smaller grain size type graphene with larger number of grain boundaries exhibit lower average mobility. In order to separate out the effects of grain boundaries and doping from ambient exposure on the transport properties, the devices were encapsulated with Al2O3 by atomic layer deposition. The encapsulation of large grain samples thereby showed drastic improvements in the performance with negligible doping while the small grain samples are largely intolerant to this process. We discuss the implications of our data for the integrated manufacturing of graphene‐based device platforms.
Efficiency of Lactation

Dairy cows are one of the most efficient animals. Regarding to energy and protein yield per unit of land used, milk production is one of the most efficient enterprises in animal productions (Table 1). Likewise, the efficiency of solar energy used for production of energy and protein as milk is more efficient than other livestock products (Table 2). Moreover, efficiency of nutrient utilization is a major factor affecting profitability in modern dairy farms, because feed costs represent approximately one-half of the total costs in most livestock operations and 80% of the variable cost of milk production. (Milk Marketing Board, 1990). Thus, improvement of feed efficiency has a noticeable importance to increase profitability of lactating dairy cows.
General Methodology for Implementation of Image Normalization Procedure Using its Wavelet Transform

Image processing is one of the fundamentals of various intelligence systems based on data analysis. In addition among the variety of different methods and approaches to image processing, image normalization methodology can be pointed out. The essence of such image processing methodology is in compensating various geometrical distortions of input image that was obtained through registering test image and forwarding it to the data mining system, in comparison with some reference (master) image. In such case, there arises a problem of time reduction for normalization procedure for some image processing systems. It is suggested that this task can be solved through the use of levels of wavelet decomposition of input image and conducting normalization procedure on separate levels. To solve this problem, this articles studies special aspects of wavelet decomposition of the image into separate levels of decomposition, functionality types of basic groups of image normalization by taking into account the use of wavelet decomposition levels of the test image, general methodology for determining transformation groups fo r image normalization based on wavelet decomposition. The fairness of the considered methodology is supported by the number of experiments.
Proteomic Identification of Allergenic Proteins of Morus alba L. Pollenexacerbation.

BACKGROUND Tree pollens are well-known aeroallergens all over the world. Little is known about the allergenicity of Morus alba (white mulberry) pollen. OBJECIVE We aimed to explore the potential allergens of this pollen and its clinical relevance in tree pollen allergic patients living in Istanbul, Turkey. METHODS Twenty three seasonal allergic rhinitis patients with a confirmed tree pollen allergy and 5 healthy control subjects underwent skin prick and nasal provocation tests with M.alba pollen extract. The pollen extract was then resolved by gel electrophoresis, and immunoblotted with sera from patients/control individuals to detect the potential allergenic proteins. The prevalent IgE binding proteins from 1D-gel were analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF. RESULTS Eleven out of 23 patients were reactive to the extract with skin prick tests. Seven of those patients also reacted positively to the nasal provocation tests. The most common IgE-binding pollen proteins were detected between 55-100 kDa, and also at molecular weights lower than 30 kDa for some patients. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the principal IgE-binding protein was methionine synthase (5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate homocysteine methyltransferase), which is then proposed as a novel allergen in M.alba pollen. CONCLUSION This study provides the first detailed information for the potential allergens of Morus alba pollen of Istanbul. Methionine synthase with an apparent molecular weight of 80 to 85 kDa has been recognized as one of the allergens in Morus alba pollen for the first time.
Creating mock catalogues of stellar haloes from cosmological simulations

We present a new technique for creating mock catalogues of the individual stars that make up the accreted component of stellar haloes in cosmological simulations and show how the catalogues can be used to test and interpret observational data. The catalogues are constructed from a combination of methods. A semi-analytic galaxy formation model is used to calculate the star formation history in haloes in an N-body simulation and dark matter particles are tagged with this stellar mass. The tags are converted into individual stars using a stellar population synthesis model to obtain the number density and evolutionary stage of the stars, together with a phase-space sampling method that distributes the stars while ensuring that the phase-space structure of the original N-body simulation is maintained. A set of catalogues based on the Λ cold dark matter Aquarius simulations of Milky Way mass haloes have been created and made publicly available on a website. Two example applications are discussed that demonstrate the power and flexibility of the mock catalogues. We show how the rich stellar substructure that survives in the stellar halo precludes a simple measurement of its density profile and demonstrate explicitly how pencil-beam surveys can return almost any value for the slope of the profile. We also show that localized variations in the abundance of particular types of stars, a signature of differences in the composition of stellar populations, allow streams to be easily identified.
Non-Ultradian Cardiac Rhythms: Circadian Regulation of the Heart

The heart undergoes relentless biophysical oscillations over the course of a life span in order to sustain life. The heart’s continuous rhythm of beating consists of sustained, serial oscillations in ionic currents, membrane potential, and excitation-contraction coupling. The rhythm of its beats expresses a period range of 0.6-1 seconds in healthy adults. These high frequency ultradian (< 24 hr period) rhythms are the life blood of the body’s most important myogenic oscillator and pump. However, these are not the only rhythms vital to the function of cadiac tissue, as the heart and other components of the cardiovascular system are under control of the body’s circadian clock. This “clock“ is not a singular entity, but rather consists of distributed oscillators which impose numerous biochemical and physiological rhythms with a periodicity of approximately 24 hours. Indeed, recent evidence has demonstrated that the very cells of the heart are circadian oscillators themselves. Numerous studies of animal models, including humans, reveal that multiple processes of cardiac physiology are under control by the circadian system. Moreover, circadian control by the organismal “clock” encompasses multiple layers of regulation, extending, at its most reduced level, to the molecular clockworks residing within individual cardiomyocytes (Bray et al., 2008) and other cardiac cell types (Young, 2009). Coupling between cardiomyocytes at the tissue level results in a synchronized cardiac organ-clock. The cardiac clock functions in a semiautonomous manner in isolation from autonomic and humoral inputs. These “exogenous” inputs represent regulatory arms of the larger circadian system to which the cardiac clock is subject to control. The neurohumoral arms of the circadian system are driven by the neurocephalic circadian axis, the most important component of which (at least in mammals) resides in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. However, other cephalic components, including the eye and pineal, reinforce central and peripheral oscillations and maintain coupling between them, as well as with true exogenous factors such as light and dietary intake (Bell-Pedersen et al., 2005; Stratmann and Schibler, 2006). Together, these multiple systems interact to produce overt rhythms in cardiac physiology including rhythms of heart rate, contraction force, blood pressure, metabolism, gene expression, and more (Young, 2009). Of particular clinical interest is the observation that multiple aspects of cardiac pathology fluctuate on a circadian basis. Numerous studies have documented daily oscillations in the occurrence of pathologic cardiac events (Elliott, 2001; Mahmoud at al., 2011). The collective impact of these time-of-day-dependent phenomena on human welfare and
CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF LIQUIDITY MEASURES IN A STOCK MARKET USING HIGH FREQUENCY DATA

Liquidity is one of the crucial factors in economy which reflects smooth operation of the markets. In a liquid market, traders are able to transact large quantities of security quickly with minimal trading cost and price impact. Many researchers have investigated the relationship between market liquidity and trading activity of a financial market. According to the existing literature, liquidity can measure different market characteristics such as trading time, tightness, depth, and resiliency. There is significant number of liquidity measures published in the literature. The main goal of this study is to use a hierarchical clustering algorithm to classify different liquidity measures. We examine the relationship between liquidity measures in order to detect commonality and idiosyncrasy among them. Then, we estimate the correlation among liquidity measures to quantify similarity between them and this quantity is used to develop a hierarchical clustering algorithm. At the end, we analyze the consistency in the structure of the clusters and we conclude that, clusters hold the same structure for almost 80% of the stocks in our sample. The data set that we are using for this study is NASDAQ High Frequency Trader (HFT) data. This data set contains trading and quoting activities of 26 HFT firms in 120 stocks on the Nasdaq exchange for various dates (in millisecond timestamp).
Thiocyanate Anchors for Salt-like Iron(II) Complexes on Au(111): Promises and Caveats

Abstract The formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) from solution has been investigated for two ionic iron(II) complexes of the type [Fe(L)](BF4)2, where L is tripodal hexadentate and contains three thiocyanate anchor groups. The ligands (L1, L2; donor set: N6) are obtained by Schiff base condensation of a tripodal triamine (L1: tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine, ‘tren’; L2: 1,1′,1″- trimethyl(thiophosphoryl)trihydrazide) with 5-(4-thiocyanatobutoxy) pyridine-2-carbaldehyde. Layers of the complexes adsorbed on Au(111) from methanol solution have been characterised using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), infrared reflectance absorbance (IRRAS), X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and UV=Vis reflectance spectroscopies, as well as ellipsometry. Complex [Fe(L1)](BF4)2 deposits intact on a gold surface and retains its optical addressability. Elaboration of this result may provide access to a new class of self-assembled layers, employing salt-like tripodal coordination compounds with thiocyanate anchors. The second complex, [Fe(L2)](BF4)2, which contains a sulphur atom in the ligand backbone, is not sufficiently stable under the same conditions.
Wx Laser-induced incandescence of silicon surface under 1064-nm excitation

Laser-induced incandescence (LII) of silicon surface is investigated under the excitation by a Q-switched YAG:Nd laser. With the increase of laser irradiation dose, the increase of LII signal is observed, which is attended by visible changes of the surface geometry. The anomalous behavior of the parameter of non-linearity of LII is observed with the increase of laser excitation power.
Speech perception assessment and training system (SPATS‐ESL) for speakers of other languages learning English.

The SPATS software system, originally developed for the hearing‐impaired, has been modified for use with ESL learners with TOFEL (pbt) scores near and well above 500. SPATS‐ESL includes the identification of syllable constituents: onsets, nuclei, and codas, as well as sentence recognition. The syllable constituent tasks include the progressive introduction of increasing numbers of constituents until the learner becomes adept at the identification of 45 onsets, 28 nuclei, and 36 codas presented by eight talkers in a variety of phonetic contexts. The sentence task emphasizes increasing speed and decreasing errors in the recognition of short, meaningful sentences spoken by a variety of talkers. The sentences are presented in a background of multi‐talker babble at five signal‐to‐noise ratios: +10, +5, 0, −5, and −10 dB. The syllable constituent and sentence tasks are interleaved throughout training. In constituent training, SPATS uses a proprietary training algorithm, Adaptive Item Selection (AIS), which automatically focuses training on individuals’ items of intermediate difficulty and is independent of their language history. Proctored tests allow certification of a learner’s English speech perception in relation to native‐speaker performance.
Monetary Policy and Bank Risk-Taking: Evidence from the Corporate Loan Market

Our study of the corporate loan pricing policies of U.S. banks over the past two decades shows that loan spreads for riskier firms become relatively lower during periods of monetary policy easing compared to tightening. This effect is driven by banks with greater risk appetite, measured from individual banks’ answers to the Senior Loan Officers Opinion Survey. Our results hold with different fixed effects that account for time-varying observed and unobserved heterogeneity of credit demand and bank lending conditions that are not directly related to monetary policy. Together with our survey-based measure of bank risk appetite, we provide compelling evidence of the presence of a bank risk-taking channel of monetary policy in the U.S.
High-Throughput Secure AES Computation

This work describes a three-times ($3\times$) improvement to the performance of secure computation of AES over a network of three parties with an honest majority. The throughput that is achieved is even better than that of computing AES in some scenarios of local (non-private) computation. The performance improvement is achieved through an optimization of the generic secure protocol, and, more importantly, through an optimization of the description of the AES function to support more efficient secure computation, and an optimization of the protocol to the underlying architecture. This demonstrates that the development process of efficient secure computation must include adapting the description of the computed function to be tailored to the protocol, and adapting the implementation of the protocol to the architecture. This work focuses on the secure computation of AES since it has been widely investigated as a de-facto standard performance benchmark for secure computation, and is also important by itself for many applications. Furthermore, parts of the improvements are general and not specific to AES, and can be applied to secure computation of arbitrary functions.
Biological invasion of imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), on oilseed Brassica in Punjab, India

The infestation of imported cabbageworm/ small white butterfly, Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is reported on oilseed Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera, ecotype brown sarson cv. BSH 1 from Punjab, India. Though, it has been reported earlier on vegetable brassicas in India, there is no report of its infestation on oilseed brassica in this part of the country so far. A low infestation of 1.7-3.3 larvae per 10 plants was reported during first to third Standard Meteorological Week of 2014. Since this pest has potential to cause significant damage to oilseed brassica crops, therefore, timely reporting of this pest is important to avoid any future outbreak.
COMPOSITION MAPS OF SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN

The eastern tropical Pacific Ocean is a region having high primary productivity gradients associated with upwelling at coastal margins, equatorial divergence, and advection of nutrients by currents (see "Introduction" chapter, this volume). These gradients produce compositional changes in the surface sediments of the region. Understanding these modern sedimentation patterns is a vital step toward interpreting past environments and establishing how these differed from those in the modern world. The eastern equatorial Pacific region is topographically subdivided into the Guatemala Basin on the Cocos Plate, the Panama Basin (which straddles the Cocos and Nazca plates), and the Peru and B Vauer basins on the Nazca Plate (Fig. 1). The East Pacific Rise separates these eastern Pacific Ocean basins from the Pacific Basin proper. Sill depths generally are deep, about 3 km in most cases, thus they are only partly separated from the main mass of Pacific Ocean deep water. The primary latitudinal patterns of productivity and sedimentation are caused by zonal banding of the currents and by equatorial divergence. Nutrient-poor waters from the western Pacific Ocean are advected eastward into the eastern tropical Pacific region at about 5°N, while the South Equatorial Current transports nutrient-rich waters from the margin of South America. Along the equator, productivity associated with the equatorial divergence provides another zonal pattern (Koblentz-Mishke et al., 1970). Superimposed upon this latitudinal pattern are (1) high productivity associated with coastal upwelling and (2) nutrient cycling near the continental margins. This pattern is readily apparent in the depth to the brown-green color change in the uppermost seafloor sediments in the region (Fig. 2). Brown surface sediments are indicative of oxidizing sediment conditions, where Fe(III) is the stable oxidation state of Fe. As the flux of organic carbon to the sediments increases, the sediments become green at depth, where the Fe is reduced to Fe(II). The depth to this boundary is a good semiquantitative measure of both organic carbon flux and sedimentary redox intensity. In the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, a shallow Fe(III)/Fe(II) boundary can be found along coastal margins and in the equatorial region. Around the Galapagos Islands, there is a complex structure to this pattern where island-induced upwelling occurs and where the equatorial undercurrent splits and occasionally surfaces (Pak and Zaneveld, 1973; Leetma, 1982). Sediments under the nutrient-poor North Equatorial Countercurrent form a tongue of brown sediment that extends eastward at 5°N. This brown-green color change is immediately discernible by macroscopic core description. Other patterns of sediment composition also exist, but can be studied only by chemical analysis of the sediments.