Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fetal and placental size and risk of hypertension in adult life.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of intrauterine growth and maternal physique on blood pressure in adult life. DESIGN A follow up study of infants born 50 years previously whose measurements at birth were recorded in detail. SETTING Preston, Lancashire. SUBJECTS 449 Men and women born in hospital in Preston during 1935-43 and still living in Lancashire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Placental weight, birth weight, and blood pressure at age 46 to 54 years. RESULTS In both sexes systolic and diastolic pressures were strongly related to placental weight and birth weight. Mean systolic pressure rose by 15 mm Hg as placental weight increased from less than or equal to 1 lb (0.45 kg) to greater than 1.5 lb and fell by 11 mm Hg as birth weight increased from less than or equal to 5.5 lb to greater than 7.5 lb. These relations were independent so that the highest blood pressures occurred in people who had been small babies with large placentas. Higher body mass index and alcohol consumption were also associated with higher blood pressure, but the relations of placental weight and birth weight to blood pressure and hypertension were independent of these influences. CONCLUSIONS These findings show for the first time that the intrauterine environment has an important effect on blood pressure and hypertension in adults. The highest blood pressures occurred in men and women who had been small babies with large placentas. Such discordance between placental and fetal size may lead to circulatory adaptation in the fetus, altered arterial structure in the child, and hypertension in the adult. Prevention of hypertension may depend on improving the nutrition and health of mothers.
POALKOHOLOWE USZKODZENIA P£ODU JAKO NIEDOCENIANA PRZYCZYNA WAD ROZWOJOWYCH I ZABURZEÑ NEUROBEHAWIORALNYCH U DZIECI

Ethanol and acetaldehyde (major metabolite) are teratogenic agents, which can cause a variety of fetal injuries depending on dose, timing and condi- tions of drinking alcohol by pregnant women. These injuries are responsible for development of clinical picture of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or fetal alcohol effects (FAE). Diagnosis of FAS comprises inhibition of fetal growth, characteri- stic neonatal facial signs and/or neurological symptoms, while FAE is a syndrome of neurobehavioral aberrations detected in adolescents. This review deals with dia- gnostic criteria of FAS/FAE syndromes and biochemical markers of surreptitious use of alcohol in pregnancy. We also reviewed basic effects of ethanol on nutritio- nal state of fetus and postalcohol fetal injuries to central nervous system, heart,
Managing uncertainty; coping styles of refugees in western countries

This article presents the results of a research project whose objective was to describe and analyse how people seeking asylum in the Netherlands2 make sense of their experience. The broader aim of this study was to provide information that could lead to improved mental health care (Kramer, Bala, Dijk van, & Ory, 2003). This article accordingly ends with suggestions to implement the study’s findings in other countries where refugees face uncertainty.
Erratum: 2013 AAFP Feline Vaccination Advisory Panel Report

Regrettably, an error appeared in the ‘Injectable vaccine administration’ box on page 798: the pictures in Figures 8 and 9 were swapped with each other. (The error appears in the printed copies of the journal, and in online versions downloaded before mid-October 2013.) The amended box is reproduced here in full. DOI of original article: 10.1177/1098612X13500429
Neuroprotection by herbal formula FBD and its active compounds

FBD, a Chinese herbal formula, composed of Fu Ling [the sclerotium of the fungus of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Polyporaceae)], Bai Zhu [the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (Compositae)], and Danggui [the root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Umbelliferae)], has been found beneficial in treating brain ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). In this work, oral pretreatment with supercritical CO2 extract (FBD-CO2, 37. 5 mg/kg) twice daily for 3.5 days, significantly attenuated brain infarction (p < 0.05), blocked neuron specific enolase (NSE) efflux (p < 0.05) in mice subjected to repetitive 10 min of common carotid artery occlusion following 24 h reperfusion, whether coupled with aqueous extract (FBD-H2O, 150 mg/kg) or not. Except atractylenolide I and pachymic acid, atractylenolide II, III, levistolid A, and ferulic acid isolated from FBD-CO2 alone protected neuron-like PC12 cells obviously and concentration-dependently against I/R-like insults (p < 0.05 ~ 0.01) induced by sodium dithionite (10 mM), monosodium glutamate (2 mM), KCl (0.2 M), or hydrogen peroxide (0.2 mM) at 1-100 μM. Even though at sub-active concentrations (< 1 μM), the combination of the six components contained in FBD-CO2 (10 μg/mL), protected markedly PC12 cells (p < 0.01), in a synergistic fashion. Moreover, intraperitoneal treatment with dual doses of 37. 5 mg/kg FBD-CO2 and 1. 2 mg/kg combination reduced both infarct size (p < 0.01 and p > 0.05, respectively) and NSE efflux (p < 0.05 and p > 0.05, respectively). Therefore, neuroprotection by FBD on I/R induced neuronal injury originated partially from the synergies of its compounds atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, levistolid A and ferulic acid.
The influence of trace NO(2) on the kinetics of ammonia oxidation and the characteristics of nitrogen removal from wastewater.

Ammonia oxidizing bacteria-enriched sludge was obtained in a sequencing batch reactor with synthetic wastewater. Batch tests of ammonia oxidation were carried out with the sludge, in the presence of only trace NO(2) and in the presence of O(2) and trace NO(2), respectively. The Andrews model is used to describe NO(2)-dependent ammonia oxidation. The maximum ammonia oxidation rate of 139.11 mg N. (g sludge COD h)(-1), occurred in the presence of 21% O(2) and 100 ppm NO(2), which was 3 times higher than the aerobic ammonia oxidation rate without NO(2). The kinetic model of ammonia oxidation in the presence of O(2) and trace NO(2) is developed, and the function of NO(2) apparently enhancing ammonia oxidation is suggested. The maximal nitrogen removel of 34.19% occurred at the 21% O(2) and 100 ppm NO(2) in the mixed gases. Nitrogen removal principally depended on the denitrification activity and NO(2)-dependent ammonia oxidation activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB).
Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Omeprazole and Ischemic Preconditioning in Protection against Ischemia and Reperfusion Myocardial: Experimental Study in Isolated Rat Hearts

Introduction: Myocardial protection against ischemic injury has been a major focus of studies of cardiovascular sciences worldwide. In 1986, Murry et al. became pioneers by showing a special ischemic preconditioning technique in hearts of dogs which motivated researches for better understanding of endogenous protective mechanisms of the human heart. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of omeprazole on protection of functional recovery of isolated rat hearts subjected to ischemia-reperfusion with and without ischemic preconditioning (IP). Methods: In five groups of eight Wistar breed rats, the hearts were removed after anesthesia and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution (95% O2, 5% CO2, 37oC). The GI was a control group. The GII, GIII, GIV and GV, hearts were submitted to ischemia (20 min) and reperfusion (30 min). In GIV and GV, preconditioning was performed with 5 min of ischemia and 5 min of reperfusion before 20 min of the ischemia period induction. In GIII and GV Omeprazole 200 μg was done before a 20 min-period of ischemia induction. Heart Rate (HR), Coronary Flow (CF), Systolic Pressure (SP), +dP/dt and−dP/dt were registered before (t0) and after reperfusion (t30). Kruskal-Wallisand Mann - Whitney (p<0.05) test were used. Results: The CF analysis showed that the Groups II, III, IV and V, had a similar behavior analyzed over time (p=0.316). Group I presented the averages 18.6, 17.5 and 16.6 at t0, t15’ and t30’ respectively, with significant changes in the pattern of behavior analyzed over time (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the HR, SP, +dP/dtmax, and −dP/dtmax between Groups I, III, IV and V results. Conclusion: Omeprazole conferred preconditioning characteristics to isolated rat hearts subjected to ischemic injury. There was no greater efficacy of protection shown in relation to existing methods of ischemic preconditioning. There was no synergism in the use of omeprazole in conjunction with the methods of IP.
The social environment and health

Social and environmental conditions affect health. Rates of mortality and illness differ markedly between areas. A report from the London Health Observatory showed that the life expectancy of men living in the healthiest parts of the London Borough of Camden was ten years longer than that of men living in the least healthy parts of the same borough. Cities all over the world have variations in health by area according to socio-economic level to a greater or lesser extent. An important question is whether people living in a particular area are unhealthy because they are poor or whether there are particular characteristics of the area they live in that contribute to their poor health. Evidence suggests that neighbourhood characteristics such as social cohesion are crucial.
The Importance of Supervision

This article is a reflection on my extended and rewarding experience of supervision. Through having a nourishing and challenging first experience of supervision I was able to be supported in the very demanding environment of a residential therapeutic community for people who had come out of psychiatric hospital. It was not only the individual supervision I had, but the ethos of the staff team which made sure my supervision time was protected, and built in as part of team supervision (staff dynamics).
Hsp27 protects the cytoskeleton and nucleus from the effects of 42°C at pH 6.7 in CHO cells adapted to growth at pH 6.7

CHO cells are normally sensitized to hyperthermia by acidic pH. However, CHO cells adapted to growth in pH 6.7 medium become less sensitive to heat killing at the reduced pH. The adapted cells maintain their ability to develop thermotolerance at pH 6.7 and their steady state intracellular pH is elevated. Furthermore, the small molecular weight stress chaperone, hsp27, is elevated in unheated cells maintained at pH 6.7. This report documents that the cytoskeletal and nuclear components of the low pH adapted CHO cells are resistant to 42°C-induced collapse and protein accretion, respectively. Hyperthermia induced a perinuclear collapse of the microtubular cytoskeleton and an increase in the amount of insoluble protein associated with the nuclei and nuclear matrix fractions in the control cells heated at pH 7.3 or heated after acute acidification to pH 6.7. Protection from these effects was observed in the low pH adapted cells heated at pH 6.7. Hsp70 does not appear to play a dominant role in the response of the adapted cells to 42°C. The induction of hsp70 during heating is abrogated by pH 6.7 in cells cultured at either pH 7.3 or pH 6.7. The resistance of the microtubular cytoskeleton to perinuclear collapse and the absence of protein aggregation in the nucleus during 42°C may be due to the elevated levels of hsp27 both before heating and during the heat treatment. In summary, the phenotype of CHO cells adapted to growth at low pH includes resistance of the cytoskeleton to 42°C-induced perinuclear collapse and resistance to 42°C-induced aggregation of nuclear proteins, in addition to the reduction in heat cytotoxicity, upregulation of intracellular pH and upregulation of hsp27.
Nephrotoxicity of cancer treatment in children

Chronic renal impairment in children with cancer may be caused by the malignant process itself or result from adverse effects of treatment including cytotoxic drugs, radiotherapy, surgery or supportive treatment. Although severe renal chronic disease is uncommon, occurring in only 0.8% of long-term survivors of childhood cancer, 1.9% of all cases of established renal failure are due to malignancy and 0.8% to drug nephrotoxicity. The relative risk of severe renal chronic disease (compared with siblings) is 8.1, and that of renal failure or the need for dialysis is 8.9. The cytotoxic drugs most likely to cause important chronic nephrotoxicity are ifosfamide and cisplatin, both of which are used widely in many solid tumors and may cause chronic glomerular and/or renal tubular toxicity in 30–60% of treated children. Significant renal toxicity is less frequent with other chemotherapeutic drugs, but may result from treatment with carboplatin, methotrexate and nitrosoureas. Other cytotoxic drugs occasionally cau.
Correcting for astigmatism in the czerny-turner spectrometer and spectrograph.

In Eqs. (1) and (2), rt,s is the distance measured along a principle ray from the imageplane to the mirror surface, α is twice the off-axis angle of the ray, the Δr's are small distances added to the third order approximations, and R and ρ are the two radii of the mirror surface. If R = Ρ, the surface is a sphere. By assum­ ing that R ≠ ρ and that Δrs ≈ Δrt and comparing Eqs. (1) and (2), we can obtain (see Fig. 1)
Molecular identification of Nocardia spp. collected from patients with symptom Tuberculosis

The improved identification of isolates using molecular techniques have shown that the genus exhibits considerable taxonomic complexity and phenotypic base identification can be ambiguous. The aim of this study was to assess the species distribution of Nocardia strains mostly recovered from patients suspected of having tuberculosis. The clinical isolates were identified to species level using conventional tests and genotypic methods using single and multi locus sequence analysis (MLSA) of 16S rRNA and gyrB genes. Nocardiosis was diagnosed in 46 patients. The most frequent underlying condition were organ transplantation (6 patients; 13%), cancer (6 patients; 13%), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (6 patients; 13%), non-infectious chronic lung disease (5 patients; 10.8%) and tuberculosis (4 patients; 8.7%). Nocardia species was recovered from 46 different clinical specimens, the most common of which was bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (43.5%). In conclusion, infection caused by Nocardia species appears to be more common than is generally appreciated. The current study provides further evidence that Nocardia species are capable of causing a wide range of human diseases in healthy and immunocompromised patients. MLSA is a reliable method for accurate species identification of Nocardia isolates and would be more feasible for routine use in clinical laboratories.
Platelet Antibodies and Diagnosis of Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia

Analysis of platelet antibodies provides valuable support for diagnosis and therapy of platelet-related bleeding disorders. Platelet autoantibodies induce autoimmune thrombocytopenia and – in very rare cases – platelet dysfunction. Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia is caused by drug-dependent antibodies, a class of autoreactive antibodies binding to platelets only in the presence of the offending drug. Immunologically induced refractoriness to platelet transfusions is most commonly caused by alloimmunization against HLA class I antigens. In rare cases, additional platelet-specific antibodies occur. Alloantibodes against polymorphic determinants on glycoproteins IIb/IIIa, Ia/IIa and – rarely – Ib/IX play a central role in the pathogenesis of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Posttransfusion purpura is a rare transfusion reaction affecting almost exclusively female patients.
Prospects for HIV-1 therapeutic immunisation and vaccination: the potential contribution of peptide immunogens

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection continues to challenge the development of antigen-specific immune-based strategies for the management (therapeutic immunisation) and prevention (vaccination) of HIV-1 infection. Objective: This review aims to assess current prospects for HIV-1 therapeutic immunisation with particular emphasis on the contribution of peptide-based immunogens. Methods: The potential for therapeutic immunisation to provide immunological support that can allow for prolonged safe ART-free periods is discussed in light of the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) study. Different approaches to peptide design are considered including the quality of T-cell responses desired. Results/conclusion: Synthetic peptide immunogens are amenable to modification to improve immunogenicity and reactivity to multiple virus subtypes. Ideally peptide immunogens should incorporate combinations that target restricted, relevant polyfunctional epitopes to regions of HIV-1 associated with control of infection. Peptides showing a beneficial effect following therapeutic immunisation may provide the basis for a future preventative vaccine.
Understanding Care Coordination for Chronically ill Patients

Care coordination is important for chronically ill patients who need assistance from a variety of care professionals, and often transition through different care settings. This paper provides an overview of coordination and its implications for the care of chronically ill patients. Using 12 interviews of different healthcare professionals involved in coordinating care of chronically ill patients, we provide examples of care coordination situations (e.g., patient discharged home with home health services) and identify coordination activities (e.g., communication for arranging resources, building relationships to facilitate information exchange, monitoring patients to plan follow up care) performed by different healthcare professionals.
Inhibitory effects of Oak fruit Husks hydroalcoholic extract on serum LDL oxidation in vitro

iAbstract Background: Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The use of some antioxidant compounds in dietary food stuff such as vitamin E and Oak fruit (Quercus) husks hydroalcoholic extract (OHE) may inhibit the production of oxidized LDL and decrease both the development and the progression of atherosclerosis. Objective: The present work investigated the effects of OHE on LDL oxidation induced-CuSO4 quantitatively in vitro. Methods: This study was an experimental research performed in Khoramabad province during 2010. Fasting blood samples were collected from normal people followed by LDL isolation. The population study was divided into five groups (1: control; 2: those exposed to CuSO4 without treatment, and groups 3-5: those exposed to CuSO4 and treated with OHE (0.2, 2, and 20 µg/ml, respectively). Later, the formation of conjugated dienes, lag time, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Inhibition of Cu-induced oxidation was investigated in the presence of several concentrations of OHE (0.2, 2 and 20 µg/ml). Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 13 using Mann Whitney test. Findings: OHE was found to have the ability to inhibit the CuSO4-induced LDL oxidation. Administration of oak (Quercus) husks hydroalcoholic extract (OHE) showed an increased rate of 2.2, 3, and 4.3 fold s at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 20µg/ml against oxidation in vitro. Also conjugated dienes decreased 13.33%, 46.66% and 80.00% at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 20 µg/ml of OHE, respectively. The inhibitory effects of OHE on LDL oxidation at concentrations used were dose-dependent. Conclusion: This study showed that the OHE has the potential to prevent the oxidation of LDL in vitro and it may suggest that this compound is capable of producing a similar effect in vivo.
European Society of Clinical Pharmacists International Workshop on Geriatrics

The European Society of Clinical Pharmacists (ESCP)held its third annual international meeting on May 5 and 6 in Utrecht in The Netherlands. This year the focus was on geriatrics. It was chaired by Louise Mallet (Montreal, Canada) who coordinated the scientific committee, which included Annemie Somers (Belgium), Ulrika Gillese (Sweden), Marcel Bouvy (The Netherlands), Hannelore Kreckel (Germany), Erik Gerbrands (The Netherlands) and Piera Polidori (Italy). The attendance was mainly composed of clinical pharmacists who have an interest in geriatrics. A number of the 110 participants were present at this workshop from different countries around the world. The 2-day meeting was organized around plenary sessions, interactive workshop sessions, oral communications and poster presentations. The plenary sessions explored four topics, namely the appropriateness of prescribing in older patients, the specific needs for research in geriatrics, frailty in the elderly and an update on dementia in the elderly. Cecilia .
The Association between Arterial Stiffness and Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV) and cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI), as indicators of arterial stiffness, are increased in type 2 diabetes. Albuminuria, as a cardiovascular risk factor in type 2 diabetes, can cause endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, and these can increase arterial stiffness. So we investigated the hypothesis that increased albuminuria reflects increased BaPWV and CAVI in type 2 diabetes. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 106 patients (58 men and 48 women) with type 2 diabetes from March 2005 to September 2006. Urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) to evaluate urinary albumin excretion, BaPWV and CAVI were measured in all patients. Results: All patients were divided 3 groups, normal group (ACR 300 mg/g Cr., n = 33). BaPWV and CAVI in microalbuminuria group and proteinuria group are faster than normal group. In bivariate correlation analysis, BaPWV was not associated with ACR, but CA VI was positively correlated to ACR (r = 0.285, P = 0.003). BaPWV was positively correlated to age, diabetes duration, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure and negatively correlated to glomerular filtration rate (GFR). CAVI was positively correlated to age, diabetes duration and negatively correlated to GFR. In multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, BaPWV was not associated with ACR, but ACR was independent predictor for CAVI (P = 0.002). Conclusion: In type 2 diabetes, albuminuria was independent predictor for indicators of arterial stiffness,
The role of spectral energy of source and background color in the pleasantness of object colors.

Effects of spectral energy distributions of sources and colors of backgrounds on the pleasantness of object colors were determined by having 5 men and 5 women rate 125 object colors on 25 colored backgrounds in 5 sources of illumination. In addition, foods and complexions were rated in the same sources. All main effects were found to be highly significant statistically. While lightness and chromatic contrasts of object and background were more important than quality of illuminants, the latter were very important in the case of some object and background color combinations. Differences between the sexes were highly significant in that men tended to prefer cool source, object, and background colors, women the warm colors. The best colors for backgrounds had either low chroma and high reflectance (the pastel colors), or low chroma and low reflectance. The most important single factor determining the pleasantness of color combinations was lightness contrast. Hue and chroma contrasts, while of some importance, were not as decisive as lightness contrast. Some closely related color families may be substituted for each other, e.g., 5 and 10R or 5 and 10G, while others may not be, e.g, 5 and 10GY. The complex interactions of quality of sources with hue, value, and chroma of object and background colors on aesthetic responses to colors help to account for the conflicting statements often found in the literature regarding color harmony. In spite of the complexities of the problem, some generalizations regarding color harmony were found valid and others were shown to be in need of further investigation. This study was based on 156,250 individual ratings of object colors.