Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of the dietary fibre origin on the digestion and on the caecal fermentation pattern of the growing rabbit

The effect of the origin of dietary fibre on digestion and caecal fermentation in the rabbit was studied independently of variations in the level of the different cell wall constituents (cellulose, lignin, etc.). Relationships between microbial activity and the digestion of nutrients were also evaluated over a 4-week growth period. Three experimental diets were given ad libitum from, weaning (28 days) to three groups of nine New Zealand White rabbits, subjected to caecal cannulation at 35 days of age with in-vivo digesta sampling at 6, 7, 8, 9 weeks of age. The diets were similar in their content of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) (320 g/kg dry matter) and in the respective proportions of cell wall constituents (hemicelluloses (NDF - acid-detergent fibre (ADF)) = 0·54, cellulose (ADF -acid-detergent lignin (ADL)) = 0·37, lignin (ADL) = 0·09), but they differed by their main fibre origin: lucerne meal = diet LM, sunflower meal = diet SM, wheat straw = diet WS. As a consequence of the similar fibre level, the dietary intake was similar among the diets. The NDF digestibility ivas 0·03 units lower for the diet SM, and led to a lower quantity of NDF degraded (3·7 g NDF per day per kg live weight) compared with LM and WS groups (5·0 g NDF per day per kg live weight). Significant variations in caecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) levels were observed between LM and WS, although the intake of nutrients was rather similar, therefore suggesting a direct effect of the botanical origin of fibre. Compared with LM and SM diets, a significantly lower caecal VFA level was found for the WS diet and was associated with a higher incidence of digestive disorders. In the WS diet, fibres that come from only one botanical origin (wheat straw and bran) may be unfavourable to caecal fermentation and to the health status. The ammonia level, the caecal pH and the proportions of the different VFAs were not affected by the diets. The total VFA level showed a significant quadratic trend between 6 and 9 weeks of age, whereas the butyrate molar proportion showed a significant linear increase from 0·08 to almost 0·10. In parallel, the daily quantity of hemicellulose digested was positively correlated to the butyrate molar proportion (r = 0·884, P
Sequence Conservation of Cytochrome b Gene of Silurus merdionalis

500 bp fragments of cytochrome b gene were obtained by PCR method from the mitochondrial DNA of Silurus merdionalis from five populations(four populations from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River(the Yalongjiang River,the Minjiang River,the Wujiang River and around Yibin,Sichuan) and a population from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(Dongting Lake)),and a mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA of 400 bp sequence was successfully sequenced by Clustal X homologous sequence analysis.Base variation rate in the five populations was found to be very low,being 0 in the Yalongjiang River,the Minjiang River and the Wujiang River populations,0.25% in Yibin population and 1% in Dongting Lake population.There were five haplotypes in Dongting Lake population,two in Yibin population and one in Yalongjiang,Minjiang and Wujiang populations.Variable sites among haplotypes were few.No variable site was noticed in Yalongjiang population,Minjiang population and Wujiang population,one was noticed in Yibin population and four Dongting Lake population.These results indicated that cytochrome b gene is very conservative in the five populations of S.merdionalis.
Association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms within the exon-5 of programmed cell death-1 gene and the development of systemic lupus erythematosus in Southern Chinese Han people

Objective To approach the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the exon-5 of programmed cell death-1 (PDCD1) gene and the development of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) in Southern Chinese Han people. Methods 132 cases and 160 normal controls were enrolled with the aim of case-control design, and SNPs of PD1.6GA and PD1.5CT were genotyped by PCR-RFLP.Moreover, we calculated ORs and LD as well as the frequencies of haplotypes for the two loci. Results It was found that mutated AA genotype frequency of PD1.6GA in controls was significantly higher than the one in cases (χ2= 5.123, P=0.023), and the frequency with A alleles in patients was significantly decreased relative to the one in healthy controls (χ2=8.036, P=0.005). In PD1.5CT, CT frequency in controls was lower than the one in cases with statistically significance (χ2=15.380, P=0.000), and the carrier frequency of T allele in cases was significantly increased compared with controls (χ2=11.631, P=0.001). Moreover, there were linkage disequilibriums between alleles of PD1.6GA and PD1.5 CT (χ2=10.708, P=0.001). The haplotype distributions between cases and controls were significantly different in PDCD1(χ2=18.821, P=0.000), with relative higher proportion of A-T and G-T haplotypes (χ2=4.119, P=0.042; χ2=6.621, P=0.010) and less proportion of A-C haplotype (χ2=15.812, P=0.000) in SLE group. Conclusions The polymorphisms of PD1.6GA and PD1.5CT were associated with SLE in Southern Chinese Han people. The mutation of GA in PD1.6GA might be protective from SLE (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39-0.84), while the CT mutation in PD1.5CT might be harmful (OR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.35-3.02). The haplotypes of A-T and G-T might be susceptible to SLE (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.02-2.46 and OR=3.02, 95% CI: 1.30-7.02), and the A-C haplotype might play a protective role in development of SLE (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.36-0.71).
Resistivity Changes Over Time Related To Modeled Fluid Fl,Ow In Room-Q Of The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant

The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP Site) is located in southeastern New Mexico about 35 miles east of the town of Carlsbad. The purpose of the WIPP Site is to evaluate the storage of transuranic waste in mine excavations within the layered Salado salt formation. Consequently it is important to understand the potential for fluid inflow into the underground facility. Room-Q is a horizontal cylindrical room that was excavated and sealed to measure brine influx. The Colorado School of Mines installed a stationary, permanent DC resistivity grid in Room-Q in late 1989 and following electrode stabilization, the grid has been read periodically since then. A fluid flow model of Room-Q was constructed using the MODFLOW modeling program. The profile-oriented model incorporated geologic information from underground mapping and hydraulic parameters available from limited borehole permeability testing in Room-Q. Electrical geophysical data gathered in the room from January to March, 1990, were correlated with modeled fluid flow for the same length of time and a similar overall trend was observed. The introduction of minor geological heterogeneities produced an improved fit. A correlation was found to exist between the change in resistance over time and the change in fluid content within the unsaturated fracture porosity zone surrounding the room.
Epistemological beliefs and mathematical text comprehension: believing it is simple does not make it so

This study examines epistemological belief assessment and the relationship between belief in simple knowledge and mathematical text comprehension. In Experiment 1, an epistemological questionnaire developed earlier (Schommer, 1990) was administered and factor analyzed. The factor structure was replicated, measuring beliefs in externally controlled learning, simple knowledge, quick learning, and certain knowledge. In Experiment 2, students were instructed to read either to determine the comprehensibility of passage information or to teach passage information. Then students read a statistical passage, assessed their understanding, and completed a mastery test and study strategy inventory
A preliminary study on the habitat selection of sable(Martes zibellina) in the autumn

Autumn habitat selection of the sable( Martes zibellina )were studied in Daxinganling area by using radio tracking and global positioning system(GPS) In Autumn,sables usually tended to select their habitat according to dominant trees,slope′s position,small tree′s density,big tree′s density,big tree′s diameter,log′s height and density And selection to slope′s aspect and scrub′s cover degree was not obvious They selected middle cover′s size,but avoided very high or very low cover′s size Sables preferred to live in mature forest and old forest rather than the site with no trees or with young free Sables generally selected sites with high food abundance,and small mammals and birds were their main food
Cross borehole electromagnetic imaging of chemical and mixed waste landfills

The Mixed Waste Landfill Integrated Demonstration (MWLID) is testing noninvasive site characterization methods at several locations, including the Chemical Waste Landfill (CWL) at Sandia National Laboratories. The CWL comprises shallow, unlined pits that were used for the disposal of acids, oils, solvents, and inorganic compounds from 1962 until the CWL was closed in 1985. The soils of the landfills are alluvial, predominantly sand, gravels and cobbles with small quantities of silts and clays. The focus of this study is an unlined chromic acid pit (UCAP). The UCAP pit is rectangular (approximately 4 [times] 10 m), which reportedly received unknown volumes of chromium in the form of chromic acid (liquid) and other hazardous materials. At this location, we have demonstrated a continuous waveform (CW) system for site characterization. During this year, we will also utilize a crossborehole pulsed radar system. Both methods are sensitive to variations in either electrical conductivity or dielectric constant in the soils or host rock at a waste site. These earth properties are some of the most responsive geophysical indicators of metallic, acidic and water-based subsurface contaminants.
Overview of the first results from EGRET

The Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET), one of four instruments carried on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, is capable of detecting photons in the energy range from approximately 20 MeV to 30 GeV. After a period of about one month for test and calibration, a 15-month all shy survey was begun. The June 11, 1992 solar flare was observed in gamma rays with energies from the threshold of detection to energies over 1 GeV. Detailed time histories and energy spectra have been obtained for the Crab and Vela pulsars, with one of the Vela pulses being quite sharp, approximately 2% of the total period
Short- and long-term outcome of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Objective To describe short-term and 5-year rates of mortality and poor outcome in patients with spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) who received repair treatment. Methods In this prospective observational study, mortality and poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 3–6) were analyzed in 311 patients with aSAH at 3 months, 1 year, and 5 years follow-up. Sensitivity analysis was performed according to treatment modality. In-hospital and 5-year complications were analyzed. Results Of 476 consecutive patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, 347 patients (72.9%) had aSAH. Of these, 311 (89.6%) were treated (242 endovascular, 69 neurosurgical), with a mean follow-up of 43.4 months (range, 1 to 145). Three-month, 1-year, and 5-year mortality was 18.4%, 22.9%, and 29.0%, and poor outcome was observed in 42.3%, 36.0%, and 36.0%, respectively. Adjusted poor outcome was lower in endovascular than in neurosurgical treatment at 3 months (odds ratio [OR] 0.36 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18-0.74]), with an absolute difference of 15.8% (number needed to treat = 6.3), and at 1 year (OR = 0.40 [95% CI 0.20-0.81]), with an absolute difference of 15.9% (number needed to treat = 6.3). Complications did not differ between the 2 procedures. However, mechanical ventilation was less frequent with the endovascular technique (OR 0.67 [95% CI 0.54–0.84]). Conclusions Patients with aSAH treated according to current guidelines had a short-term mortality of 18.4% and 5-year mortality of 29%. The majority (64.0%) of patients remained alive without disabilities at 5-year follow-up. Patients prioritized to endovascular treatment had better outcomes than those referred to neurosurgery because endovascular coiling was not feasible.
Practitioner Engagement in Activities of the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN): 7-Year Results

Purpose: To 1) quantify practitioner activities of the National Dental Practice–Based Research Network (Network) for which Continuing Education (CE) credits were received (study training, videos, webinars, meetings, and symposia); 2) quantify practitioner coauthoring Network publications and presentations; and 3) test whether practitioner characteristics were associated with participation in these activities. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 4361 practitioners who enrolled in the Network between April 12, 2012 and October 12, 2018. Results: Overall, 59% (n = 2586) of practitioners earned CE credit from the Network; among these, 68% (n = 1757) from a video, 38% (n = 993) attended an annual Network meeting, 31% (n = 798) due to training for a Network clinical study, 9% (n = 226) attended a national symposium, and 7% (n = 170) participated in a Network webinar. Members of 2 large group practices earned on average more CEs than practitioners from other practice settings. Four percent (n = 159) of practitioners coauthored a Network presentation or publication. Practitioners who received their dental degree before 2000, were general practitioners, or were members of 2 large group practices, were more likely to have coauthored a publication or presentation. Conclusion: This Network used a broad range of activities to engage community practitioners. These activities were successful in sustaining a high level of practitioner engagement in clinical research and its relevance to everyday clinical practice.
Human Activity Classification Using mm-Wave FMCW Radar by Improved Representation Learning

The paper proposes a novel Euclidean distance softmax layer for radar-based human activity classification. The method aims to overcome the angular dependency of classical softmax approaches. Through the freedoms thus gained, the activity classes can be distributed freely within the entire embedded feature space, due to which the dimension of the embeddings and the whole neural network size can be reduced. The performance of our novel deep learning architecture is evaluated for 60 GHz mm-wave radar sensor-based human activity classification. The results show that the proposed approach increases the robustness against random and unknown movements compared to state-of-art representation learning techniques.
Phosphorus mobilization and localisation in the roots and nodules of a Cape Floristic Region legume, and its impact on nitrogen fixation

Introduction Soil phosphorus (P) availability is the most limiting factor for legumes that symbiotically fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) with rhizobia (Vance et al., 2003). N2-fixing legumes are autonomous at acquiring N, but depend profoundly on and require more P than Abbreviations: BNF, biological nitrogen fixation; %NDFA, nitrogen derived from atmosphere; RGR, relative growth rates; SNAR, specific nitrogen acquisition rate; SNUR, specific nitrogen utilization rate; SPAR, specific phosphate absorption rate; SPUR, specific phosphate utilization rate; APase, acid phosphatase; PIXE, particleinduced X-ray emission; BS, proton backscattering; ICP-MS, inductively coupled mass-spectrometry. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel. : +27+21 808 3067; fax: +27+21 808 2405. E-mail addresses: alexvalentine@mac.com, ajv@sun.ac.za (A.J. Valentine). legumes growing on mineral N (Drevon and Hartwig, 1997). P not only affects the energy costs of N2 fixation (Schulze et al., 1999, Valentine et al., 2010), it is also important for nodule formation and function (Israel, 1987). After N, however, P is often the most limited element in soils, especially in ancient sandstone-derived soils which are coarse grained and highly leached such as soils encountered in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa (Witkowski and Mitchell 1987). The legume tree, Virgilia divaricata (Adamson) is native to the CFR, and is distributed over a wide range of variably P-poor soils, from relatively richer forest margins to poorer Fynbos soils (Coetsee and Wigley, 2013). P is taken up as orthophosphate (Pi), but the chemistry of Pi results in low Pi concentrations in the soil solution, thus limiting Pi diffusion to the root system (Morgan et al., 2005). Many studies have investigated P in rhizobium–legume symbiosis (Israel, http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jplph. 2014.08. 005 0176-1617/© 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Shy-bold continuum in pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus): An ecological study of a psychological trait.

The shy-bold continuum is recognized as a fundamental axis of behavioral variation in humans, but 3 major issues have not been addressed. First, the taxonomic distribution of shyness and boldness is unknown. Second, the ecological consequences of shyness and boldness have not been studied in natural populations. Third, no one has tried to predict and test patterns of shyness and boldness that might result from natural selection. We show that a shy-bold continuum, which influences diet, predator risk, and parasite fauna, exists in juvenile pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). Individual differences are relatively stable in nature but seem to disappear when the fish are held in social and ecological isolation in the laboratory. Thus, phenotypic stability may not reflect innate tendencies to be shy or bold but rather environmental conditions that maintain differences between phenotypically plastic individuals.
Handbook of Tourette's syndrome and related tic and behavioral disorders

Part 1 Phenomemology of the tic disorder: motor and vocal tics, Stanley Fahn premonitory "sensory" experiences, Anthony E. Lang the natural history of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, Ruth Dowling Bruun and Cathy L. Budman. Part 2 Associated behavioural disorders: obsessive-compulsive disorder and self-injurious behaviour, Mary May Robertson and Jessica W. Yakeley attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Kenneth E. Towbin and Mark A. Riddle comorbid behavioural disorders, David E. Comings and Brenda G. Comings. Part 3 Diagnosis and assessment: primary tic disorders, Gerald Erenberg tics in other neurological disorders, Joseph Jankovic drug-induced tics, Juan R. Sanchez-Ramos and William J. Weiner rating tic severity, Roger Kurlan and Michael P. McDermott neuropsychological testing, Peter G. Como. Part 4 Neurobiology: basal ganlia-limbic system interactions, Suzanne N. Haber and Eileen Lynd-Balta pathobiology, Harvey S. Singer neuroimaging, Lewis R. Baxter Jr and Barry H. Guze. Part 5 Genetics and epidemiology: the inheritance pattern, David L. Pauls progress in gene localization, P. Heutink et al epidemiology, Caroline M. Tanner. Part 6 Clinical care: neuroleptic drugs, Arthur K. Shapiro and Elaine Shapiro clonidine, Christopher G. Goetz pharmacotherapy beyond the catecholaminergic systems, Peter A. LeWitt the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Tourette's syndrome, Robert A. King et al treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Gerald S. Golden education and psychosocial interventions - executive dysfunction and its consequences, Martha Bridge Denckla and Mark Jay Reader. Part 7 Special topics: the child and adolescent with Tourette's syndrome - clinical perspectives in phenomenology and treatment, Donald J. Cohen and James F. Leckman future therapies, Amos D. Korczyn recent advances in research into Tourette's syndrome, Paul Ruben Silva and Arnold J. Friedhoff Tourette's syndrome - a human condition, Oliver Sacks the Tourette Syndrome Association Inc., Sue Levi-Pearl.
Preconditioning for the Navier-Stokes equations with finite-rate chemistry

The extension of Van Leer's preconditioning procedure to generalized finite-rate chemistry is discussed. Application to viscous flow is begun with the proper preconditioning matrix for the one-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Eigenvalue stiffness is resolved and convergence-rate acceleration is demonstrated over the entire Mach-number range from nearly stagnant flow to hypersonic. Specific benefits are realized at the low and transonic flow speeds typical of complete propulsion-system simulations. The extended preconditioning matrix necessarily accounts for both thermal and chemical nonequilibrium. Numerical analysis reveals the possible theoretical improvements from using a preconditioner for all Mach number regimes. Numerical results confirm the expectations from the numerical analysis. Representative test cases include flows with previously troublesome embedded high-condition-number areas. Van Leer, Lee, and Roe recently developed an optimal, analytic preconditioning technique to reduce eigenvalue stiffness over the full Mach-number range. By multiplying the flux-balance residual with the preconditioning matrix, the acoustic wave speeds are scaled so that all waves propagate at the same rate, an essential property to eliminate inherent eigenvalue stiffness. This session discusses a synthesis of the thermochemical nonequilibrium flux-splitting developed by Grossman and Cinnella and the characteristic wave preconditioning of Van Leer into a powerful tool for implicitly solving two and three-dimensional flows with generalized finite-rate chemistry. For finite-rate chemistry, the state vector of unknowns is variable in length. Therefore, the preconditioning matrix extended to generalized finite-rate chemistry must accommodate a flexible system of moving waves. Fortunately, no new kind of wave appears in the system. The only existing waves are entropy and vorticity waves, which move with the fluid, and acoustic waves, which propagate in Mach number dependent directions. The nonequilibrium vibrational energies and species densities in the unknown state vector act strictly as convective waves. The essential concept for extending the preconditioning to generalized chemistry models is determining the differential variables which symmetrize the flux Jacobians. The extension is then straight-forward. This algorithm research effort will be released in a future version of the production level computational code coined the General Aerodynamic Simulation Program (GASP), developed by Walters, Slack, and McGrory.
Classification of Myopathies on Molecular basis in Drosophila using Raman spectroscopy

Myopathies are muscular diseases in which muscle fibers degenerate due to many factors such as nutrient deficiency, infection and mutations in myofibrillar etc. The objective of this study is to identify the bio-markers to distinguish various muscle mutants in Drosophila (fruit fly) using Raman Spectroscopy. Principal Components based Linear Discriminant Analysis (PC-LDA) classification model yielding >95% accuracy was developed to classify such different mutants representing various myopathies according to their physiopathology.