Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Northern Aslian Linguistic Prehistory: Tracing the Effects of Contact

This study focuses on the genealogical and contact-based connections among the Northern Aslian varieties, which form one of three subgroups of the Aslian subbranch of the Austroasiatic stock, spoken in Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand. The complex patterns of contact that exist among the speakers of the closely related Northern Aslian varieties coupled with a scarcity of data and a lack of written history give rise to difficulties in the representation of the historical relationships among these varieties using traditional models of language classification. In particular, the study focuses on the variety of Menriq spoken in the resettlement area of Sungai Rual, Kelantan, Malaysia. The lexical and phonological features of this hitherto undescribed variety as well as its unexpected geographical location suggest a complex and ambiguous history. Analysis of the phonological and lexical aspects of this variety using a range of different methods suggests that its speakers may have undergone periods of both isolation from and intense contact with speakers of the other Northern Aslian varieties of the study. Furthermore, a large degree of contact among the majority of the Northern Aslian varieties is evident in the analyses, and patterns suggest the past existence of a dialect continuum stretching from central Peninsular Malaysia into southern Thailand. More recently, it would appear that this continuum has been split in two by the arrival of Jahai-speaking groups in the midst of the formerly contiguous Menriq- and Kensiw/Kintaq-speaking groups, resulting in lower levels of contact involving the varieties spoken to the north of this split. The findings suggest the importance of further study of the Menriq Rual variety and of the genealogical and contact-based patterns among the Northern Aslian varieties, as well as the urgency of documentation endeavours in this part of the world.
Advanced computational methods in lightning performance. The Numerical Electromagnetics Code (NEC-2)

NEC-2 code, a standard tool for numerical analysis on electromagnetic field around antennas, can be applied to analysis of lightning transient overvoltages. The code solves three-dimensional boundary problems by using the electric-field integral equation. This tutorial introduces the basic theory of NEC-2, and explains how to tune the original program to fit for time-domain analyses. Then the set up of the input data for a simple test case is described. The accuracy of the analysis is demonstrated by comparison with an experiment, and finally, results of advanced study are presented.
Preparation , Physico Chemical Characterization of Solid Dispersions of Tenoxicam with Poloxamer

The objective of the present study is to improve the dissolution rate of Tenoxicam, a poorly water soluble drug by solid dispersion technique using a water soluble carrier, poloxamer 127(PXM). The solid dispersions are prepared by melting method and the prepared systems showed an enhancement in dissolution. Solid dispersions are characterized with Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction revealed that enhanced dissolution of tenoxicam from solid dispersion is due to a decrease in crystallinity of drug and additive and also due to dissolution of tenoxicam in molten form of solid dispersion. In conclusion preparation of tenoxicam dispersion with meltable hydrophilic polymer could be a promising approach to improve the dissolution rate.
Towards a General Theory of Political Representation

Nondemocratic “representatives” increasingly act on the global stage, as “representatives” of their dictatorships to the United Nations, or when an NGO represents prisoners of war. Standard accounts of political representation depend upon democratic institutions (like elections) and a certain kind of proper activity (like deliberation and constituent accountability) and thus cannot explain how these people are representatives at all. I argue that the standard account of political representation is thus inadequate to explain political representation throughout the globe. I offer a general theory of political representation which explains representation simply by reference to a relevant audience accepting a person as such. When audiences use democratic rules of recognition, the familiar cases arise. When audiences use nondemocratic rules of recognition, nondemocratic cases arise. The result is that political representation, per se, is not a democratic phenomenon at all. The account offers a more parsimonious explanation of political representation, providing a tool for analysis of political representation throughout the globe.
بررسی بیان ژنهای IL-23 و IL-27 درسه رده سلول سرطان پستان و غدد لنفاوی درگیر و غیر درگیر در بیماران مبتلا به سرطان پستان

كچ ي هد فده و هقباس : عت يي ن اهركرام ي ح ي تا ي رد خشت ي ص ناطرس اه ي ك ن ي زا ساسا ي تسا . زا يكي دربراك ياه نآ كـمك تهج هت ي ه نسكاو و ا ي نم ي نامرد ي ناطرس اه تسا . فده زا ا ي ن هعلاطم عت يي ن ب ي نا نژ اس ي اكوت ي ن اه ي IL-23 و IL-27 رد ددغ وافنل ي گرد ي ر و غ ي ر گرد ي ر و هس هدر لولس ي ناطرس ناتسپ دوب . شور و داوم اه : سررب ي ب ي نا نژ اس ي اكوت ي ن اه ي IL-23 و IL-27 رد هد هدغ وافنل ي ) لماش : 5 هدغ وافنل ي زاتـساتم هدش و 5 هدغ وافنل ي غ ي ر زاتساتم هدش ( و هس هدر لولس ناطرـس ي ) لماـش : SKBR3 ، MCF7 و MDAMB468 ( اـب هدافتسا زا شور Quantitative real time PCR (QRT-PCR) م ي ناز ب ي نا نژ اه ي دروم رظن اب شور مك ي بسن ي و اب هدافتسا زا گنر Syber Green دروم زرا ي با ي تفرگ . هتفاي اه : اتن ي ج نايب شهاك زا يكاح ا ي ن نژ اه رد لولس اه ي ناطرس ي قوف تسا . مه نيـب يراد ينعم توافت ،نينچ ب ي نا نآ اه رد ددغ وافنل ي گرد ي ر و غ ي ر گرد ي ر هدهاشم دشن . هجيتن يريگ : دنهد يم ناشن اه هتفاب هك حم ي ط رظ ي ف ش ي م ي ا يي فارطا روموت رد ب ي نا ا ي ن نژ اه و رد تن ي هج زورب باهتلا و پ ي ش تفر هكروموت نكمم تسا رد رثا لمع درك ا ي ن اس ي اكوت ي ن اه دشاب خد تلا ي درادن . هژاو يديلك ياه : ورون ي ش اه ي ب ،ناتسپ ي نا نژ ي ، ا ي كولرتن ي ن 23 ، 27 ناسنا ي ، اه هرگ ي وافنل ي
Stable in-reactor performances at low temperature of U-10wt.%Mo dispersion fuel containing centrifugally atomized powder.

In order to examine the in-reactor performances of very-high-density dispersion fuels for high flux performance research reactors, U-10wt. %Mo microplates containing centrifugally atomized powder have been irradiated at low temperature. The U-10wt. %Mo dispersion fuels show stable in-reactor irradiation behaviors even at high burn-up, similar to U3Si2 dispersion fuels. The atomized U-10wt. %Mo fuel particles have a fine, uniform fission gas bubble size distribution. Moreover, only one third areas of the atomized fuel cross-sections at 70at. % burn-up show fission gas bubble-free zones. This appears the result of segregation into high Mo and low Mo.
Türkiye’de Fiyat Düzeyinin Mali Teorisinin Ampirik Analizi

Özet Abstract Para ve maliye politikalarının makro ekonomik istikrarın sağlanmasında önemli araçlar olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak fiyat düzeyi üzerinde hangi politikanın etkin olduğu yıllardır araştırmalara konu olan sorunsallardan biridir. Fiyat Düzeyinin Mali Teorisi (FTPL) fiyat istikrarının sağlanmasında para politikası kadar maliye politikalarının da etkili olduğunu savunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de FTPL’nin geçerliliğini 2006-2019 dönemi için ARDL eşbütünleşme testi ile analiz etmektedir. Ampirik bulgular, faiz dışı denge ile kamu borç stoku, enflasyon, kamu harcamaları ve vergi gelirleri arasında uzun dönemli bir eş bütünleşme ilişkisinin varlığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ülkemizde maliye politikaları fiyat düzeyinin belirlenmesinde etkin bir rol oynamaktadır. Providing macroeconomic stability of monetary and fiscal policies are important instrumentality. However, which policy is effective on the price level is one of the problems that have been the subject of research for years. Fiscal Theory of the Price Level (FTPL) argue that fiscal policies are as effective as monetary policy provided price stability. It is analyzed with ARDL cointegration test for 2006-2019 period. Empirical results reveal the existence of a long-term cointegration relationship between public debt stock, inflation, public expenditures, tax revenues and primary budget balance. Fiscal policies has an effective role in determining the price level in our country.
Effects of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monooleate on Degradation of Pyrene in Soils Growing Sorghum Sudanese

Phytoremediation is becoming a cost-effective technology for the in-situ clean up of sites polluted with Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants (HOCs). The major factors limiting phytoremediation are the mass transfer, rate of plant uptake and microbial biodegradation of HOCs. To evaluate the potential of surfactants to enhance phytoremediation for HOC-contaminated sites, the efficacy of Sudan grass, at the absence or presence of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), on the degradation of pyrene in soils were investigated and mechanisms of Surfactant-Enhanced Phytoremediation (SEPR) were discussed. Results showed that the presence of Tween 80 enhanced dissipation of pyrene at initial contents ranging from 20.24 to 321.42 mg/kg. During the 70-d SEPR-experiments, about 801.84~539.99‰ of pyrene was removed from planted soils, only 242.28~122.79‰ degradation of pyrene occurred in unplanted ones. With the presence of Tween 80, the dissipation ratios of pyrene in planted ones were increased up to 863.94~609.63‰, which was 77.27~129.14‰ higher than those in corresponding soils without surfactant. Among all possible pathways, contribution of plant-microbial interactions on dissipation of pyrene was the most significant, either at the presence (456.73‰) or absence (515.58‰) of Tween 80, were the primary means of contaminant degradation. Results suggested SEPR may be a feasible way for reinforcing removal of HOCs in contaminated sites.
Social Transfers and Income Inequality in Bulgaria Svilena Mihaylova

The paper analyzes the distributional effects of social transfers in Bulgaria in the period 20002014, using income inequality decomposition by factor components. The results suggest that social transfers mitigate income inequality, but this effect varies depending on the type of transfer. Pensions exert the strongest influence due to their significant share in total income, which also rises over time. Family allowances are pro-poor in nature, but because of their small share in beneficiaries’ total income, their impact on overall inequality is much weaker. “Other social benefits” have the weakest inequality-reducing effect, which is due to their higher concentration towards the richest decile and increasing share in total income. JEL Classification: I38, H55, D31
Cancer and Portfolio Choice: Evidence from Norwegian Register Data

We examine the personal investment decisions of 60,000 households following a cancer diagnosis. To create a control group that minimizes the likelihood that the results are confounded by lifestyle factors, we rely on households diagnosed with the same diagnosis but a few years later. Our estimates show that a cancer diagnosis reduces households’ willingness to take risks with their financial wealth. We use the vast heterogeneity among cancers regarding its impact on life expectancy and income to analyze through which channels cancer impact risk-taking. We find that cancers that have a greater impact on life expectancy and income cause a larger reduction in risk-taking. These two channels account for about 40 to 90 percent of the estimated effects of cancer on personal investment decisions. We do not find any association between having dealt with cancer many years ago and current portfolio choices.
Piloting of the Concerns-based Adoption Model: Farmer Concerns About the Participatory Guarantee System in Cambodia

While there is a large body of adoption and agricultural extension literature on the process of introducing a new technology, agricultural development projects are often expected to produce immediate results that do not always allow for the integration of these theories into practice. The Concerns-based Adoption Model (CBAM) is a framework that places participants at the center of the change process to identify their concerns and challenges, providing a roadmap for projects to guide individuals with the correct support for their particular stage of adoption. CBAM has typically been used for the introduction of new curriculum in formal education. But this study assessed the potential for CBAM to be applied to agriculture innovations. In this study, we adapted and piloted the CBAM “Stages of Concern” model to assess adoption of an agriculture innovation. The innovation is the Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) for Cambodian vegetable farmers. We assessed the potential for CBAM as a tool for agricultural development project management. We found that the adapted survey consistently placed farmers in the anticipated Stage of Concern. Identifying users’ Stages of Concern can inform program designers and practitioners, assisting in tailoring support across the adoption process. CBAM has the potential to inform participatory project design and give project administrators an evidence-based, systematic protocol for assessing the adoption process, adding another tool to the development practitioners’ toolbox. Keywords: Diffusion of Innovations, adoption, project design
A Novel Method of Computer Software Encryption Based on AES and RSA Combinational Algorithm

Abstract There are two categories of cryptosystems applied in today's software encryption and decryption technology, one is symmetric cryptosystem like AES algorithm, and the other is asymmetric cryptosystem like RSA algorithm. This paper summarizes the mathematical theory of AES algorithm and RSA algorithm, puts forward optimized AES algorithm that conducts conversion in the unit of line and the optimized RSA algorithm that the changes modulus operation in traditional RSA algorithm into a series of remainder and operation of the power of 2 based on the above summary, and designs the realization process of a combination of cryptosystem by combining these two optimized algorithms, hoping to improve the processing efficiency of software encryption and decryption.
Secured Source Anonymous Message Authentication Using Wireless Sensor Network

The secured exchange of message was the main concern. To overcome this, message authentication schemes were developed, to maintain the privacy of message. Message authentication schemes are based on symmetric key or public key cryptosystem. This resulted in lack of scalability, delayed authentication, communication overhead, high computation, etc. To address these issues we propose a new system called Secured Authentication and Source Privacy (SASP) for Message based on Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). This scheme adopts Polynomial-based technique for the elimination of computational overhead, increasing the scalability, fastening the authentication and exchange of unlimited number of messages. This analysis and simulation depending on our proposed system is far more efficient than previously existing Source Anonymous Message Authentication (SAMA) in terms of computation and communication overhead and also provides high level of security and source privacy.
Limit Order Markets under Asymmetric Information

We develop a model of dynamic limit order markets under asymmetric information that can be simplified enough to be solved analytically. We find that informed traders tend to “make” liquidity in illiquid markets and “take” liquidity from more liquid markets. Time between arrivals of limit or market orders conveys information, resulting in repricing of orders in the book and generating the frequent cancellations and resubmissions that have become a staple of modern markets. A novel methodological contribution of our approach is its demonstration of the recursive nature of time-to-execution of limit orders that can be used to characterize equilibrium prices.
Mesh-based computation for solving bas-relief reconstruction from editable normal image

As a representative art form between drawing and sculpture, bas-relief is widely used in media for signs, narratives, and decorations. Recent works focus on producing bas-reliefs with fewer interactions and manual efforts. However, they are limited by the large storage size of modeling results, that hinders fast rendering and downstream geometry processing (e.g. bas-relief editing). We propose a mesh-based modeling framework to generate progressive bas-reliefs with different resolutions from editable normal images. Specifically, (1) the normal image is down-sampled to eliminate redundant information but with its visual saliency preserved; (2) to avoid adding any integrability constraints, the editable normal image is changed to mesh representation as the discrete geometry processing setup; (3) surface-from-gradients (SfG) is improved to fit our bas-relief reconstruction with both height and normal constraints. Our method can produce more portable bas-reliefs with smaller sizes for fast visualization, geometry processing, and feeding CNC and 3D printing devices in practice. Experiments show that our method competes favorably with existing methods in visual quality and surface accuracy.
Comparative analysis of bHLH transcription factors in five Rosaceae species, and expression analysis of PbbHLHs in response to drought stress in pear

Background The bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor family plays important roles in regulating plant growth and development. However, informations about bHLH in rosaceous fruit species are still limited. Results In this study, a total of 198 PbbHLH genes were identified in the pear, with 188 bHLH genes in apple, 129 bHLH genes in peach, 112 in strawberry and 122 in Chinese plum. These Rosaceae bHLH genes, plus the 150 Arabidopsis thaliana bHLH genes, were divided into 34 groups, which included one Rosaceae-specific group. Evolutionary pattern analysis showed that whole-genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication played critical roles in expansion of the PbbHLH gene family. Ks value indicated that the two WGD duplication events (a recent WGD and an ancient WGD event) lead to the expansion of bHLH gene family. Tissue expression analysis shows that PbbHLHs may have diversity functions in different tissues. Furthermore, eight up-regulated and seven down-regulated PbbHLH genes were identified as the candidate genes in response to drought stress. Conclusion A comprehensive analysis of bHLH genes was performed in five Rosaceae species. The phylogenetic, evolution and expression analyses of the bHLH gene family in pear will be meaningful for investigating the biological roles of PbbHLH genes.
3 2 Preliminaries 2 . 1 Propositional Focused Sequent

The search for increased trustworthiness of SAT solvers is very active and uses various methods. These methods obtain a proof from the provers then check it, normally by replicating the search based on the proof’s information. Because the certification process involves another nontrivial proof search, the trust we can place in it is decreased. Some attempts to amend this use certifiers which have been verified by proofs assistants such as Isabelle/HOL and Coq. Still, the need for search implies an increased certification time. Our approach is different because it is based on an extremely simplified certifier. This certifier enjoys a very high level of trust but is very inefficient. In this paper, we experiment with this approach and conclude that by placing some restrictions on the formats, one can mostly eliminate the need for search and in principle, can certify proofs of arbitrary size.
A-FMI: Learning Attributions from Deep Networks via Feature Map Importance

Gradient-based attribution methods can aid in the understanding of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, the redundancy of attribution features and the gradient saturation problem, which weaken the ability to identify significant features and cause an explanation focus shift, are challenges that attribution methods still face. In this work, we propose: 1) an essential characteristic, Strong Relevance, when selecting attribution features; 2) a new concept, feature map importance (FMI), to refine the contribution of each feature map, which is faithful to the CNN model; and 3) a novel attribution method via FMI, termed A-FMI, to address the gradient saturation problem, which couples the target image with a reference image, and assigns the FMI to the difference-from-reference at the granularity of feature map. Through visual inspections and qualitative evaluations on the ImageNet dataset, we show the compelling advantages of A-FMI on its faithfulness, insensitivity to the choice of reference, class discriminability, and superior explanation performance compared with popular attribution methods across varying CNN architectures.
IMPACTS FROM CAPTIVE SUPPLIES ON FED CATTLE TRANSACTION PRICES

Increased use of noncash-price procurement methods has concerned cattlemen for the past several years. This research estimated impacts of captive supplies on transaction prices for fed cattle. Negative relationships were found between transaction prices and percentage deliveries from the inventory of forward contracted and marketing agreement cattle. However, impacts from the absolute size of the total captive supply inventory were not significant. Price differences were found among procurement methods with forward contract prices being much lower. On balance, captive supplies had small but often negative effects on fed cattle transaction prices.
TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY OF BAŞKALE FAULT ZONE

Baskale Fay Zonu (BFZ) Turkiye’nin guneydogusunda, Şemdinli-Yukseova Fay zonu ile Iran’in kuzeybatisinda bulunan Guilato–Siahcheshmeh–Khoy Fay sisteminin arasinda yer almaktadir. Kuzeydoguda Yavuzlar beldesinden baslayip, guneybatida Isiklar koyune kadar devam etmektedir. Yaklasik olarak K10°D ile K40°D arasinda degisen dogrultulara sahip olan BFZ Isikli, Ziranis ve Camlik faylarindan meydana gelmektedir. Otelenmis dere yataklari, fay denetimli akaclama sistemi (Cigilsuyu Irmagi gibi), faylar boyunca uzanan ve deformasyon gecirmis aluvyon yelpazeleri, fay duzlukleri, Pliyo-Kuvaterner yasli volkanitler ve volkanik yapilar, olusumunu gunumuzde de surduren catlak sirti travertenler BFZ’nun aktif oldugunu gosteren morfotektonik ozelliklerdir. Bu calismada bolgenin morfotektonik evriminde Baskale Fay Zonu’nun etkisinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Bu amac icerisinde, morfotektonik analizler icin calisma alaninin Sayisal Yukseklik Modeli uzerinde hipsometrik integral, drenaj havzasi asimetrisi, vadi tabani genisliginin-vadi yuksekligine orani ve dag cephesi kivrimliligi gibi morfometrik indisler uretilerek yorumlanmistir. Morfometrik analiz sonuclarina bagli olarak, alanin son derece genc bir topografyaya sahip oldugu ve aktif olarak yukseldigi gorulmektedir. Bolgedeki yukselme hizinin dogudan batiya dogru arttigi ve bati kesimlerinde yilda 0.5 mm’den fazla oldugu sonucuna varilmistir.