Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How can Cardiac MR at Lower Field Strengths Benefit from the Lessons Learned at 7 . 0 T .

The field of cardiovascular MRI (CMR) has evolved rapidly over the past decade, feeding new applications across a broad spectrum of clinical and research areas. CMR at ultrahigh fields (UHF) [1-11] is regarded as one of the most challenging MRI applications since it comes along with various technical challenges. Arguably, the potential of UHF CMR is as yet untapped, and the advantages are sometimes offset by a number concomitant physics effects that bear the potential to spoil these benefits. All of these effects can undermine the benefits of ultrahigh field strengths, in many cases making it a challenge even to match the image quality of CMR at 1.5 T. This is not as much of a surprise as it appears to be at first glance since clinical users of 3.0 T MR systems already know that high-field CMR imaging presents a number of specific challenges. The pace of discovery and the first clinical results obtained for CMR at 7.0 T, however, are heartening and are a powerful motivator to transfer the lessons learned at 7.0 T to lower fields with the ultimate goal to relax constraints which continue to hamper clinical CMR or to drive emerging applications at 3.0 T and 1.5 T. To this end, examples of ultrahigh-field CMR accomplishments and its migration to lower fields are provided in this presentation. To start with, recent developments of CMR at 7.0 T have been driven by pioneering explorations into novel multichannel transmit and receive coil array technology to tackle the challenges B1+-field inhomogeneities, to offset specificabsorption rate (SAR) constraints and to reduce banding artifacts in SSFP imaging [14]. Recognition of the benefits and performance of local surface TX/RX-array structures recently established at 7.0 T inspired migration to 3.0 T, where RF inhomogeneities and SAR limitations encountered in routine clinical CMR, though somewhat reduced versus the 7.0 T situation, remain significant. The improved B1 efficiency of local TX/RX coil arrays bears the potential to address RF power deposition and imaging speed constraints frequently encountered in current clinical practice at 3.0 T when using the body coil for excitation. For example, for a 2D CINE SSFP technique the gold standard for cardiac chamber quantification and left ventricular (LV) assessment using a flip angle of 450 for excitation the RF transmitter power adjustments yielded for a 4 channel local TX/RX coil 187 V for the transmitter output while a voltage of 348 V was needed for the body coil to achieve the same flip angle. This transmission B1 efficiency advantage can be translated into a shortening of RF pulses which is balanced against an increased RF peak power. This
Which kind of attention is captured by cues with the relative target colour?

ABSTRACT Most theories of visual search maintain that attention is selectively tuned to the attributes of the search target (e.g., orange). Conversely, according to the relational account, attention is biased to the relative feature of the target (e.g., redder). However, previous studies that supported the relational account mainly measured mean response times. Hence, the results might not reflect early, perceptual mechanisms (e.g., signal enhancement) but later, decision-based mechanisms (channel selection). The current study tested the relational account against feature-specific theories in a spatial cueing task, in which the targets were backward-masked, and target identification accuracy was measured. The first experiment corroborated earlier results, demonstrating that relational effects are due to signal enhancement. In the second experiment, we chose highly discriminable colours along the blue–red continuum, and obtained results that were more consistent with broad feature-specific rather than relational tuning. The implications of these findings for current theories of attention are discussed.
Hybrid Systems with Memory: Modelling and Stability Analysis via Generalized Solutions

Abstract Hybrid systems with memory are dynamical systems exhibiting both hybrid and delay phenomena. We present a general modelling framework for such systems using hybrid functional inclusions, whose generalized solutions are defined on hybrid time domains and evolve in the phase space of hybrid memory arcs equipped with the graphical convergence topology. We prove a general existence result based on some basic conditions on the data of hybrid systems. We further establish sufficient conditions for the stability analysis of hybrid systems with memory using Lyapunov-Razumikhin (L-R) functions. We demonstrate the stability results on a general nonlinear system with switching dynamics and state jumps.
Endocrine Myopathies: Clinical Review

Endocrinopathy is generally associated with hormonally-mediated systemic disorders. Myopathy is a result of this association and sometimes can be the first manifestation of endocrine diseases. This condition generally misdiagnosed as weakness and diagnosis and treatment of endocrine diseases are delayed. Especially cushing’s disease, exogen glucocorticoid use, hypothyroidism, hyperaldesteronism and osteomalacia can mimic inflammatory myopathies clinically. Endocrine myopathies are group of disease which must be part of differential diagnosis who has proximal muscle weakness. Statin and glucocorticoid use come to the knowledge of physician because these are the most common cause of drug related proximal myopathy. While evaluating patient with proximal myopathy, thyroid function tests, vitamin D levels, parathyroid hormone must be measured and primary hyperaldesteronism work up when clinically suspicion occurs. Treatment of endocrine myopathies are based on correction of endocrine disorder
Basic Spintronic Transport Phenomena

SPINTRONICS is a merger of magnetism and electronics. Conventional electronics uses only the charge of the electrons. For instance, transistors are based on the modulation of the density of electrons in a semiconductor channel by an electric field. Semiconductor-based memory (e.g., DRAM, Flash) stores information in the form of an amount of charge stored in a capacitor. In contrast, spintronics uses the spin of the electrons in addition to their charge to obtain new properties and use these properties in innovative devices. The spin of the electrons is an elementary magnetic moment carried by each electron. It has a quantum mechanical origin. Magnetic materials can be used as polarizers or analyzers for electron spins. This is why most spintronic devices combine magnetic and nonmagnetic materials, which can be metals, semiconductors, or insulators. Magnetism has been used for a long time for data storage applications. Indeed, information can be stored in some magnetic materials in the form of a magnetization orientation. This was developed for storage on magnetic tapes as well as in magnetic hard disk drives (HDDs). The increase in the demand for storage capacity has stimulated an increase by eight orders of magnitude in the areal density of information stored in HDDs over the past 50 years; the bit area has decreased by the same factor. In 2014, bit sizes are typically on the order of 40 nm× 15 nm. This decrease in bit size has required continual improvements in the storage medium, in the write head used to switch the magnetization in the medium, and in the read head used to read out the magnetic state. This field of magnetic recording has benefited strongly from research and development in the field of spintronics. In particular, the discoveries of giant magnetoresistance in 1988 (1) and tunnel magnetoresistance at room temperature in
Choosing Optimal Levels of Social Interaction-Towards creating Human-like Conversational Tutors

Recent results show that socially-capable conversational tutors can be effective support in collaborative learning situations. However, in comparison to human-level social capability, we find scope for improving the tutors both in connection with learning (performance) as well as liking (perception). In this paper, we describe work towards improving state-of-the-art conversational tutors by shrinking the gap between automated and human-level social capabilities. An experiment that explores the effect of amount of social behavior is described. Besides confirming the learning effects of sociallycapable tutors from a previous study, we report on the optimal levels of social and task interaction to improve learner performance.
Evaluating LED-based interface for Lumanote composition creation tool

Composing music typically requires years of music theory experience and knowledge that includes but is not limited to chord progression, melody composition theory, and an understanding of whole-step/half-step passing tones among others. For that reason, certain songwriters such as singers may ﬁnd a necessity to hire experienced pianists to help compose their music. In order to facilitate the process for beginner and aspiring musicians, we have developed Lumanote, a music composition tool that aids songwriters by presenting real-time suggestions on appropriate melody notes and chord progression. While a preliminary evaluation yielded favorable results for beginners, many commented on the diﬃculty of having to map the note suggestions displayed on the on-screen interface to the physical keyboard they were playing on. This paper presents the resulting solution: an LED-based feedback system that is designed to be directly attached to any standard MIDI key-board. This peripheral aims to help map note suggestions directly to the physical keys of a musical keyboard. A study consisting of 22 individuals was conducted to compare the eﬀectiveness of the new LED-based system with the existing computer interface, ﬁnding that the vast majority of users preferred the LED system. Three experienced musicians also judged and ranked the compositions, noting signiﬁcant improvement in song quality when using either system, and citing comparable quality between compositions that used either interface.
Financial Engineering and the Macroeconomy ∗

The volume of financial engineering has grown markedly across the world over the past few decades, for at least two reasons. On the supply side, technological improvement and regulation arbitrage have made complex security creation more cost effective. On the demand side, appetite for safe assets has increased. We describe a dynamic model of security creation where the macroeconomic impact of those changes can be characterized and quantified. We find that those shocks can cause large increases in costly security creation volumes. But the resulting impact on output, capital formation and TFP is generally small, and may well be negative. While financial engineering serves a fundamental and socially valuable role in our model, the impact of financial engineering booms on macroeconomic aggregates is limited.
Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Biology and Medicine

Bioorthogonal chemistry and reactions developed from innovations in chemistry, having their excellent biocompatibility can be applied in various biological reactions. As these reactions, does not interfere with other reactions in the biological system, they can be used as excellent tools for tracking and studying dynamics of various biological processes. In this mini review, only the applications of bioorthogonal chemistry in host-microbe interaction and targeted therapy are discussed.
Age and Gender Depending Growth of Feathers and Feather-Free Body in Modern Fast Growing Meat-Type Chickens

Two growth experiments with fast growing meat type chickens (Ross 308) were conducted to assess the growth of feathers and feather-free body dependent on age and gender (male:female ratio = 1:1). Birds were reared under uniform management and feeding conditions (floor pens; 15 pens per gender; 5 birds per pen) during the starter (day 1 to 22) and grower period (day 22 to 36). Diets were based on corn, wheat, soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate and balanced with feed amino acids to ensure an equal feed protein quality close to the ideal amino acid ratio by a constant mixture of the feed proteins. At start of the experiment and further on weekly up to the end of the 5th week, 15 birds per gender (each 3 pens of 5 birds) were selected and 24 h fasted before quantitative de-feathering. Both feather and feather free body fractions were significantly increased with increasing age of the birds (p p
Preventive physical therapy and care humanization in the treatment of a bedridden, home care, neurologic patient

Introduction: This case study investigated the impact of preventive physical therapy on shoulder problems and the prevention of pressure ulcers (PU) in a bedridden, home care, post-neurological surgery patient. Objective: To highlight the importance of physical therapy in the prevention of comorbidities, chronic neurological sequelae, and PU. Materials and Methods: In the immediate post-surgical phase, the patient was treated with preventive measures against PU, according to the Pressure Ulcer Prevention Protocol of the University of Sao Paulo, the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, and the Braden Scale. In addition, we used the modified Ashworth scale to assess spasticity. A kinesiotherapy program based on the Bobath's concept was used to prevent subluxation of the plegic arm and help in the recovery of functional movements. Results: The use of preventive measures and delivery of humanized care during a six-month period helped prevent the development of stage 3 and 4 PU and physical, functional, and respiratory complications. By the end of six months, the patient was found to be at low risk of developing PU. Conclusion: Notwithstanding the difficulties experienced during treatment, especially for the positioning of the arm and performance of transferring and positioning techniques, the results of this study are in agreement with aspects considered important for treatment outcomes.
Estimation of "Dehalococcoides" Populations in Lake Sediment Contaminated with Low Levels of Polychlorinated Dioxins

Vertical profiles of polychlorinated dioxins and microbial biomass including "Dehalococcoides" populations in cores of sediment of Lake Suwa, Japan, were investigated. The core samples were analyzed in 3-cm intervals at 0-15 cm and 50 cm, where a sharp gradient of Eh from 5 to −110 mV with depth occurred. The concentration of polychlorinated dioxins was relatively constant at 0-15 cm, ranging from 7.6 to 8.3 ng (7.0-9.2 pg-TEQ [toxic equivalent]) g-1 dry wt, but decreased sharply at 50 cm. The total bacterial count was in the order of 108 to 109 g-1 dry wt, being highest at 3-6 cm and decreasing in the deeper sediment. A similar vertical profile was found for respiratory quinones with larger amounts of ubiquinones than menaquinones at 0-15 cm. Quantitative real-time PCR with a specific primer set showed that "Dehalococcoides" and its phylogenetic relatives occurred in the order of 104 g -1 (dry wt) at 0-12 cm but were absent at 50 cm. The amplified clones showed 91-100% similarity (mostly <94%) in sequence to a well-known dioxin-dechlorinating organism, "Dehalococcoides" sp. strain CBDB1. These results suggested that the surface sediment up to a depth of 12 cm provided favorable conditions for the growth and activity of both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms including "Dehalococcoides". It is likely that a wide variety of "Dehalococcoides" and phylogenetic relatives thereof are omnipresent even in sediment with low levels of dioxins and play the primary role in dechlorinating organohalorides over a relatively wide range of Eh.
Is There a Link between Lumbar Disc Herniation and Hemogram Parameters ?

1 Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bolu, Turkey, 2 Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Bolu, Turkey 3 Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Bolu, Turkey Abstract Aim: Inflammatory mechanisms play a key role in the pathogenesis of back pain related to disc hernia. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and red cell distribution width (RDW) are novel and promising inflammatory markers in routine hemogram tests. In this study, we aimed to compare the MPV and RDW values of patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) to those of healthy subjects and symptomatic patients suffering from sciatica without radiological evidence of lumbar disc herniation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out in the Neurosurgery Department of the Abant Izzet Baysal University Education and Research Hospital. Three groups as the controls (n=57) and LDH (n=73) and sciatica (n=20) groups were designed. Hemogram parameters including white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Htc), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), RDW, platelet count (PLT) and MPV were evaluated for each group. Results: The mean MPVs of the LDH, sciatica, and control groups were 9.3±1.8 fL, 8.2±1.1 fL, and 8.4±1.0 fL, respectively. The mean MPV was significantly higher for the LDH group, compared to the sciatica and control groups (p=0.001). The mean RDWs of the LDH, sciatica, and control groups were 14.8±1.8, 13.8±1.0, and 13.7±1.2, respectively. The mean RDW was also significantly higher for the LDH group in comparison to the sciatica and control groups (p=0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: We think that elevated MPV and RDW values might be strong indicators of LDH in patients with sciatica and that such patients should be prioritized for imaging studies. However, further prospective studies are needed to support our results.
Hydroelasticity of a large floating windturbine platform

This thesis dene a limit for when hydroelasticity is necessary to include in an analysis of a large oating semi-submersible wind turbine platform in waves. The thesis also includes a description of how to include hydroelasticity in the design of such a structure.A simple analysis studying two two-dimensional beams' hydroelastic behaviour in waves is also conducted, observing resonance, large deformations and stresses in the vicinity of the rst elastic natural frequency.Hydroelasticity concerns the combined uid-structure interaction for oating exible structures in waves. In a hydroelastic analysis the uid forces and structural deformations are coupled to account for dynamic and kinematic eects. In this thesis the analysed structure is assumed to be beam-like and Euler beam theory is used. The hydrodynamic forces are determined using a linearised Morison's equation. The hydroelastic response is performed in the frequency domain using a modal analysis and it is modelled in a self-developed model using Matlab.Most of the concepts and prototypes of oating wind turbines of today have one turbine installed on a oater and the structure is assumed to be rigid. When modelling a structure as exible, elastic responses is observed around the elastic natural frequencies.The analysis has been performed on two beams with dierent lengths and stiness' to observe a hydroelastic behavior: 1) when the rst wet elastic natural frequency is about four times the peak frequency of the sea spectra and 2) when the rst wet elastic natural frequency is almost within the sea spectra.It has been found that if the rst wet elastic natural frequency of the structure is higher than about 2-5 times than the wave frequency in regular waves or about ve times the peak frequency, a quasi-static assumption is reliable. If the rst wet elastic natural frequency is less than that, hydroelasticity needs to be considered. The actual limit for a quasi-static/hydroelastic assumption needs to be further investigated.
EVOLVING CREATIVE PORTRAIT PAINTER PROGRAMS USING DARWINIAN TECHNIQUES WITH AN AUTOMATIC FITNESS FUNCTION

We experiment with computer creativity by employing and modifying techniques from evolutionary computation to create a related family of abstract portrait painter programs. In evolutionary art, most systems evolve paintings by allowing the artist to selectively breed the artwork 'by hand' from a selection of the currently evolved population. Our system differs in that it uses an automatic 'creative fitness function' which allows the evolutionary process to run without stopping for 'creative human intervention'. A recent type of Genetic Programming (GP) is used called Cartesian GP, which has several features that allow our system to favour creative solutions over optimized solutions.
The Roots and Branches of the Medical-Legal Partnership Approach to Health: From Collegiality to Civil Rights to Health Equity

This Article traces the roots of the medical-legal partnership (MLP) approach to health as a way of promoting the use of law to remedy societal and institutional pathologies that lead to individual and population illness and to health inequalities. Given current forces at work - the medical care and public health systems' focus on social determinants of health, the increased use of value-based medical care payment reforms, and the emerging movement to train the next generation of health care and public health professionals in structural competency - the time is ripe to spread the view that law is an important lens through which we should view health promotion, disease prevention, and overall well-being. Specifically, this Article describes examples of the ways in which doctors and lawyers have meaningfully collaborated, the origins and growth of medical-legal partnerships, and how the MLP approach to health can help usher in a modernized health system premised on the underpinning concept of health equity.
Fusobacterium nucleatum—The Cause of Human Colorectal Cancer

Objective: Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiome has an increasingly important role in human disease and health. Fusobacterium nucleatum has been identified in several studies as the leading gut bacterium which is present in colorectal cancer (CRC). Still it is not clear if Fusobacterium plays a causal role. Methods: To explore the cause-effect relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer, a systematic review and re-analysis of studies published were performed. The method of the conditio sine qua non relationship was used to proof the hypothesis without Fusobacterium nucleatum infection, no colorectal cancer. The mathematical formula of the causal relationship k was used to proof the hypothesis, whether there is a cause-effect relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer. Significance was indicated by a p-value of less than 0.05. Result: The data analyzed support the Null-hypothesis that without Fusobacterium nucleatum infection, no colorectal cancer. In the same respect, the studies analyzed provide highly significant cause-effect relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that Fusobacterium (nucleatum) is the cause of colorectal cancer.