Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochemical processes and chemosynthetic primary production in different thiotrophic mats of the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano (Barents Sea)

We have investigated if in a cold seep methane or sulfide is used for chemosynthetic primary production and if significant amounts of the sulfide produced by anaerobic oxidation of methane are oxidized geochemically and hence are not available for chemosynthetic production. Geochemically controlled redox reactions and biological turnover were compared in different habitats of the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano. The center of the mud volcano is characterized by the highest fluid flow, and most primary production by the microbial community depends on oxidation of methane. The small amount of sulfide produced is oxidized geochemically with oxygen or is precipitated with dissolved iron. In the medium flow peripheral Beggiatoa habitat sulfide is largely oxidized biologically. The oxygen and nitrate supply is high enough that Beggiatoa can oxidize the sulfide completely, and chemical sulfide oxidation or precipitation is not important. An internally stored nitrate reservoir with average concentrations of 110 mmol L−1 enables the Beggiatoa to oxidize sulfide anaerobically. The pH profile indicates sequential sulfide oxidation with elemental sulfur as an intermediate. Gray thiotrophic mats associated with perturbed sediments showed a high heterogeneity in sulfate turnover and high sulfide fluxes, balanced by the opposing oxygen and nitrate fluxes so that biological oxidation dominates over geochemical sulfide removal processes. The three habitats indicate substantial small‐scale variability in carbon fixation pathways, either through direct biological use of methane or through indirect carbon fixation of methane‐derived carbon dioxide by chemolithotrophic sulfide oxidation.
Service delivery in private residence clubs: A study based on product attributes as varied by location with one brand

The luxury timeshare segment of the larger lodging industry merits further investigation due to the customer/owner relationship. This study uses a quantitative case study, and supported the relationship between satisfaction, value and loyalty. The study revealed the need for significant improvement in the resolution of service problems. The study is limited in that it studies the units of one company and thus calls for additional satisfaction and loyalty studies for this unique niche.
Fiction and Reality: The Impact of Layoff on Family Structure

Post-capitalist economy, which is characterized by conditions such as high competition, global circulation of capital and neo-liberal regime, forced organizations to introduce novel types of organizing strategies that aim to promote efficiency and effectiveness. Organizations tend to follow restructuring, downsizing or subcontracting strategies to become more “competitive” that causes high number of laid off and displaced employees. This fact of job loss is strikingly handled by two films. Inspired from these two films, the present study aims to argue the negative impacts of job loss on family. For this aim, in-depth interview was conducted with 8 laid off employees. Findings indicate that long-run unemployment is destructive on family structure. Separation and intent of separation of couples increase by the paternal job loss that also creates role inversion between the partner that results in self-esteem and mental health erosion of patriarch.
Varieties of lima bean shows different growth responses when inoculated with Bacillus sp., a plant growth-promoting bacteria = Variedades de feijão-fava exibem diferentes respostas de crescimento quando inoculadas com Bacillus sp., uma bactéria promotora de crescimento em plantas

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) comprise of soil microorganisms that cause positive effects on plant growth. The hypothesis according to which the inoculation of lima bean with PGPB Bacillus stimulates vegetative growth, which may result in a higher plant productivity, was tested. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of inoculation of two varieties of lima bean (branca and boca de moca) with Bacillus sp. , UFPEDA 472 strain, based on plant growth responses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design. Three treatments were applied separately to each lima bean variety: the first used inoculation with Bacillus , one was submitted to nitrogen supplementation, and one was the absolute control (non-inoculated plants). The following variables were evaluated: absolute and relative growth rate, root length, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots, shoot:root ratio and total chlorophyll. The results showed that lima bean displayed better growth responses when inoculated with Bacillus sp. UFPEDA 472 in relation to the treatment with nitrogen and/or non-inoculated plants. When inoculated with PGPB Bacillus , the lima bean var. branca was superior to boca de moca in terms of root length and root dry mass. The lima bean var. boca de moca inoculated with Bacillus sp. UFPEDA 472 was superior to branca in terms of absolute growth rate, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass of shoot, shoot:root ratio and total chlorophyll. In general, the lima bean var. boca de moca inoculated with Bacillus shows a better growth performance. Our results suggest that growth responses of lima bean varieties branca and boca de moca are related with a positive interaction with the PGPB Bacillus .
An Ordered Qualitative Response Modeling Approach for the Estimation of Corporate Defaults and Other Forms of Exit

We propose a new approach for the estimation of defaults and other forms of exit of borrowers. Our approach is based on the ordered qualitative response model. We first show that any ordered qualitative response model is equivalent to the competing risks model – commonly employed in the estimation of corporate defaults and other forms of exit – in continuous-time. We then construct the continuous-time likelihood function of the models and further present its discrete-time simplification. Lastly, we compare and contrast the competing risks and ordered qualitative response models through numerical experiments in a two-state setting, and demonstrate that none of the alternatives necessarily dominates the others. Our results indicate that it may be worthwhile to estimate the models in continuous-time.
Antileishmanial activity of leaf extract from Calophyllum rivulare against Leishmania amazonensis.

Calophyllum rivulare is an endemic tree from Cuba that belongs to Clusiaceae family. This plant had revealed it to be a rich source of pyranochromanone acids including compounds with a variety of biological potentialities such as antioxidant, antiulcer, anticancer and anti-Helicobacter pylori activities. Herein, antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of extracts obtained from C. rivulare leaves (rich in pyranochromanone acids) and amentoflavone were compared. Extracts were prepared by maceration employing ethyl acetate (CR-1) and methanol (CR-2) as solvents and amentoflavone was isolated from both extracts. The CR-2 extract showed the better activity against the parasite, with an IC50 value of 95.1 ± 5.4 µg/mL and 20.6 ± 1.4 µg/mL against promastigote and amastigote forms, respectively. This extract showed lower cytotoxicity (IC50=182.4 ± 2.3 µg/mL) against peritoneal macrophage from BALB/c mice and a selectivity index of 9. Amentoflavone showed an IC50 of 5.9 ± 0.3 µg/mL against amastigote form and a selectivity index of 9. Results suggest that CR-2 extract and amentoflavone could be explored as new antileishmanial alternatives.
Local Bayesian Regression

This paper develops a class of Bayesian nonand semiparametric methods for estimating regression curves and surfaces. The main idea is to model the regression as locally linear, and then place suitable local priors on the local parameters. The method requires the posterior distribution of the local parameters given local data, and this is found via a suitably defined local likelihood function. When the width of the local data window is large the methods reduce to familiar fully parametric Bayesian methods, and when the width is small the estimators are essentially nonparametric. When noninformative reference priors are used the resulting estimators coincide with recently developed well-performing local weighted least squares methods for nonparametric regression. Each local prior distribution needs in general a centre parameter and a variance parameter. Of particular interest are versions of the scheme that are more or less automatic and objective in the sense that they do not require subjective specifications of prior parameters. We therefore develop empirical Bayes methods to obtain the variance parameter and a hierarchical Bayes method to account for uncertainty in the choice of centre parameter. There are several possible versions of the general programme, and a number of its specialisations are discussed. Some of these are shown to be capable of outperforming standard nonparametric regression methods, particularly in situations with several covariates.
Developing a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Model to Assist Women to Deal with HIV and Stigma

A model of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was developed, implemented, and assessed, in order to assist HIV-positive women deal with HIV and internalised stigma. Interviews with HIV-positive women revealed five common themes in the experience of HIV: feelings of powerlessness; anger and guilt; destructive behaviour; experience of stigma; and uncertainty about the future. These themes were used in the development of an intervention. The intervention was implemented and evaluated. Twenty HIV-positive women were randomly assigned to an experimental group who received eight sessions of individual therapy, and a control group who were placed on a waiting list. Pre- and post-assessments of the two groups were compared using five quantitative scales measuring coping skills, internalised stigma, enacted stigma, self-esteem, and depression. Additionally, a qualitative analysis was made of transcripts of the therapy sessions to explore the effect of various therapeutic techniques. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests show that after therapy the experimental group experienced lower levels of depression, internalised stigma and negative coping, and higher levels of self-esteem and positive coping, compared to the control group. Techniques that were effectively used were identified. It is recommended that practising psychologists explore and develop this CBT model with their HIV-positive clients.
Estimation of the Reconstruction Parameters for Atom Probe Tomography

The application of wide field-of-view detection systems to atom probe experiments emphasizes the importance of careful parameter selection in the tomographic reconstruction of the analyzed volume, as the sensitivity to errors rises steeply with increases in analysis dimensions. In this article, a self-consistent method is presented for the systematic determination of the main reconstruction parameters. In the proposed approach, the compression factor and the field factor are determined using geometrical projections from the desorption images. A three-dimensional Fourier transform is then applied to a series of reconstructions, and after comparing to the known material crystallography, the efficiency of the detector is estimated. The final results demonstrate a significant improvement in the accuracy of the reconstructed volumes.
Diurnal Salivary Cortisol following Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in Women with Breast Cancer: A pilot Study

Background and Objectives: Cancer and its conventional treatments may bring about some psychological and health-related symptoms leading to unstable cortisol level. Since evidence has shown that mindfulness based approaches can be helpful to reduce cortisol level, we aimed at investigating the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on decreasing salivary cortisol level in the women with breast cancer. Methods: in this onegroup pretest posttest study, the women with early stage breast cancer were assessed to select eligible ones (N = 15). They were first trained for collecting salivary cortisol sample (before, after and follow-up) and then were asked to participate in MBCT, an eight-week session approach. Participants provided salivary samples in the morning (7: 308:30), afternoon (1-3) and night (9-11). To measure cortisol, Cortisol Enzyme Immunoassay Kit was used. Analysis was performed on the data of 12 participants remained, using repeated measurement. Results: the results of repeated measure ANOVA revealed that cortisol level of posttest (after 8-weeks of MBCT and follow-up period) in comparison with pretest was significantly reduced for morning and afternoon cortisol while it was not true for night cortisol. The post-treatment cortisol was not significantly correlated with age groups, education levels and socio-economic status using repeated measure ANCOVA. Conclusion: Given that the women with breast cancer are at the high risk of psychological distresses and unstable cortisol level, we recommend mindfulness-based approaches esp. MBCT to health providers specifically those working with breast cancer
Localized and Intense Energy Conversion in the Diffusion Region of Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection

We analyze a high‐resolution simulation of magnetopause reconnection observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission and explain the occurrence of strongly localized dissipation with an amplitude more than an order of magnitude larger than expected. Unlike symmetric reconnection, wherein reconnection of the ambient reversed magnetic field drives the dissipation, we find that the annihilation of the self‐generated, out‐of‐plane (Hall) magnetic field plays the dominant role. Electrons flow along the magnetosheath separatrices, converge in the diffusion region, and jet past the X‐point into the magnetosphere. The resulting accumulation of negative charge generates intense parallel electric fields that eject electrons along the magnetospheric separatrices and produce field‐aligned beams. Many of these features match Magnetospheric Multiscale observations.
Studies of Pacific Island Plants, XXII. New Flowering Plants from Fiji

STUDY of the flowering plants of Fiji continues to disclose material of unusual interest, in large part among recent collections made by staff members of the Fiji Departments of Agriculture and Forestry and by collectors for the Land Resources Division, Directorate of Overseas Surveys. In the present paper 12 new species are described, belonging to the genera Elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpaceae), Casearia and Flacourtia (Flacourtiaceae), Cleistocalyx and Piliocalyx (Myrtaceae), Astronidium and Memecylon (Melastomataceae) , Meryta (Araliaceae), and Psychotria (Rubiaceae). The cooperation of administrators of the following herbaria is appreciated: Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University (A); Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BISH); Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K); Department of Agriculture, Suva, Fiji (SUVA); and u.s. National Herbarium (us).
Quantitative analysis of the beef cattle industry in the state of Pará, Brazil.

O estado do Para possui o quinto maior rebanho bovino do Brasil, 20,3 milhoes de cabecas, e a pecuaria de corte responde por 44,32% do valor da producao agropecuaria. Avaliaram-se os efeitos das variaveis que definem a oferta e a demanda de bovinos de corte abatidos no periodo de 1990 a 2015, por meio de um modelo econometrico recursivo estimado pelo Metodo Generalizado dos Momentos. A oferta e a demanda sao inelasticas a precos. Aumentos no salario rural e no preco do bezerro impactam negativamente sobre a oferta e a resposta as aplicacoes de credito rural ocorre com defasagem de quatro anos em funcao das caracteristicas biologicas e tecnologicas dos sistemas de producao. O desmatamento tende a aumentar a oferta de bovinos e os frigorificos se apropriam da maior parcela do excedente economico gerado. Ocorreram ganhos de produtividade desde o inicio da decada de 1990, pois o rendimento de carcaca dos animais abatidos era de 15,37 arrobas para bois e 12,15 arrobas para vacas e, atualmente, sao de 18,4 e 13,5 arrobas, respectivamente. A criacao da Agencia de Defesa Agropecuaria do estado do Para exerceu efeito positivo sobre a oferta de bovinos e a ampliacao da estrutura agroindustrial, contribuindo para o abastecimento de mercados amplos com carne bovina de maior qualidade.
How innovators resolve the exploitation-exploration trade-off? Evidence from the Japanese Pharmaceutical Industry

Successful innovation calls for both exploitation of existing knowledge and exploration of new knowledge, or organizational ambidexterity, but we still know little about how organizations manage innovation by resolving the trade-off relationship between exploitation and exploration. We aim to address this research gap by examining the relationship between an organization’s degree of exploitation orientation and its subsequent degree of organizational ambidexterity. We argue that organizations’ exploitation orientation negatively influences subsequent achievement of organizational ambidexterity because exploitation precludes subsequent exploration. However, this trade-off relationship between prior exploitation and subsequent exploration is attenuated when organizations are characterized by problemistic search, deliberate learning, or by speciation. Accordingly, these organizations’ degree of exploitation orientation more positively influences subsequent achievement of organizational ambidexterity. Our empirical analyses of 32 Japanese pharmaceutical firms’ new product developments over 1991 to 2000 support the argument. Our findings show that organizations may increase their degree of organizational ambidexterity by resolving, rather than circumventing, the trade-off relationship between exploitation and exploration, thereby proposing an alternative explanation of ambidexterity antecedents.
Interactive comment on "Is coccolithophore distribution in the Mediterranean Sea related to

General comments (1) Sampling has been carried out over a relatively short time in April 2011. I don’t think that this is representative of a whole year, and phytoplankton populations may change during the year. In the study of Knappertsbusch (1993) who studied different seasons, this effect seems to be relatively large. I would like to see short discussion on how the assemblages from the study of Knappertsbusch compare to your results, and how representative the sampling in April 2011 may have been.
Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography # 10 . 16 Regional Knowledge and the Emergence of an Industry : Laser Systems Production in West Germany , 1975 – 2005

We analyze the emergence and spatial evolution of the German laser systems industry. Regional knowledge in the related field of laser sources, as well as the presence of universities with physics or engineering departments, is conducive to the emergence of laser systems suppliers. The regional presence of source producers is also positively related to entry into laser systems. One important mechanism behind regional entry is the diversification of upstream laser source producers into the downstream systems market. Entry into the materials processing submarket appears to be unrelated to academic knowledge in the region, but the presence of laser source producers and the regional stock of laser knowledge are still highly predictive in this submarket.
Liquidity Risk and Liquidity Management Role

The aim of this paper is the analysis of liquidity management policy in order to determine the level of liquidity risk. Planning of liquidity requirements is important from the microeconomic aspect, because the banks at any moment must respond to requests submitted by depositors or applications for new loans. Provision of liquidity is also required from the macroeconomic aspect, since this reflects the economic and financial stability. Quantitative data for this study were collected using a questionnaire designed to analyse liquidity risk management, which would help in the identification and explanation of possible changes in the banking system in the country. Based on the analysis, it is estimated that banks properly manage liquidity and maintain adequate liquidity reserves to ensure sufficient funds to meet their commitments on time. Also, the main sources providing liquidity for banks are the non-term deposits and the issuance of various securities. However, holding excess liquidity reserves causes the opportunity cost for banks, but also non-fulfilment of the requirements of the economy for loans. Therefore, the regulatory bodies should reduce the liquidity reserve holding.
UCLA On-Line Working Paper Series Title Explaining Women ' s Success : Technological Change and the Skill Content of Women ' s Work

The closing of the gender wage gap is an ongoing phenomenon in industrialized countries. However, research has been limited in its ability to understand the causes of these changes, due in part to an inability to directly compare the work of women to that of men. In this study, we use a new approach for analyzing changes in the gender pay gap that uses direct measures of job tasks and gives a comprehensive characterization of how work for men and women has changed in recent decades. Using data from West Germany, we find that women have witnessed relative increases in non-routine analytic tasks and non-routine interactive tasks, which are associated with higher skill levels. The most notable difference between the genders is, however, the pronounced relative decline in routine task inputs among women with little change for men. These relative task changes explain a substantial fraction of the closing of the gender wage gap. Our evidence suggests that these task changes are driven, at least in part, by technological change. We also show that these task changes are related to the recent polarization of employment between low and high skilled occupations that we observed in the 1990s. The authors thank David Autor, Leah Boustan, Michael Burda, and seminar participants at the NBER Labor Studies Program Meeting, Case Western Reserve, Duke University, University of Kentucky, University of Texas, Austin, and Notre Dame University for helpful comments and suggestions.
Conservation Status of the Threatened, Insular San Jose Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus mansuetus)

ABSTRACT. The conservation status and distribution of the insular endemic San Jose brush rabbit (Sylvilagus mansuetus), as well as threats to its population viability, were determined through surveys undertaken since 1995 on San José Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Sylvilagus mansuetus is restricted to a specific desert habitat found in the southwestern coastal plains of the island. Vegetation in this habitat is composed primarily of 7 plant species. The extent of rabbit occurrence is only 20 km2, and the population density estimate in the most optimal habitat is 25–35 individuals · km-2. To our knowledge, the San Jose brush rabbit possesses the smallest distribution among all lagomorph species. Sylvilagus mansuetus is threatened by a population of feral cats and by human activities, including illegal hunting, development of a tourist area, and a salt mine. Human activities, even over a short time frame, could severely impact this restricted area and endanger the survival of this species. Recommended management includes removing cats and conducting additional research on the rabbit's life history and ecology.