Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Commentary: Extraordinary optical transmission for surface-plasmon-resonance-based sensing

Unfortunately, the term EOT is a bit of a misnomer. Recently it has been shown that Bethe's theory, when applied to arrays of holes, predicts 100% transmission [2]. Therefore, when compared to Bethe's theory, EOT of imperfect conductors is actually a reduction in transmission! There is also a common misconception that surface plasmons somehow enable EOT. Once again, EOT is predicted by Bethe's theory using an infinitesimally thin, perfect electric conductor [2]. As that theory does not allow for surface plasmons, surface plasmons are not required for EOT. This is an important point because we do not wish to limit the application of EOT to surface-plasmon bearing cases. EOT may be (and has been) exploited in other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum without surface plasmons, for various applications. EOT may even be demonstrated and exploited using superconductor films. (Surface plasmons are relevant to EOT for metals that support them, but they are not required for EOT.) While it was recognized early on that EOT could be used to sense changes in bulk refractive index [3], we were the first to demonstrate monolayer sensitivity by using nanohole arrays for sensing based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [4]. There are considerable benefits to using nanohole arrays for SPR-based sensing, as compared with the conventional prism coupling geometry. The nanohole array approach to SPR-based sensing benefits from: (1) a collinear optical geometry for dense integration, (2) the potential for multiplexing from several nanohole arrays, (3) lower limits of detection, and (4) a reduction in the diffusionlimited adsorption time by using the nanoholes as conduits. Up until recently, the nanohole-SPR technique has faced the challenges of reduced sensoroutput sensitivity with respect to conventional SPR methods. (This is different than the analytical sensitivity, which refers to the absolute amount of analyte detected. The analytical sensitivity is large for the nanohole arrays due to the small sensing area.) Significant improvements in the sensor-output sensitivity have been achieved using crossed polarizers [5]. Thereby, the linewidth of transmission is narrowed significantly since the transmitted signal comes only from scattering between the two orthogonal polarization states by the array of holes. The interfering processes of direct transmission and co-polarization resonant transmission are suppressed. As a result, sensitivities approaching 10
Learning Ability Clustering in Collaborative Learning

Collaborative learning promotes learning motivation which encourages the active participation and leads to good learning performance. In most cases, good grade is usually a good indicator of good learner. Teachers might classify learners into various groups according to their grade. As a result, learners with poor grades are easily depressed and self-distrust. In this paper, we integrate K-means clustering method and IRT forecasting process to solve the grouping issue in collaborative learning. With a better grouping solution, teachers then can adjust the learning materials adaptively and teach students according to the learning aptitude.
Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Isolated from Recurrent Cases of Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Buffaloes

4 Abstract: Eight hundreds and forty milk samples from 220 lactating buffaloes with previous history of recurrent mastitis were examined for detection of clinical and subclinical mastitis. The clinical mastitis prevalence rates were 25.55% in Sharkia and 29.23% in Dakahlia Governorates. The incidence of subclinical mastitis was 40 and 33.84% in Sharkia and Dakahlia Governorates, respectively. E. coli was isolated from 63 (18.47%) mastitis milk samples out of 341 examined ones. 63 E. coli isolates were serotyped to O157, O153, O55, O18, O114, O126, O26, O1 and 21 untyped strains. Virulence tests were performed on E. coli serogroups isolated from mastitis cases. It was found that 50 strains (79.37%) were serum resistant, 24 (38.1%) had Congo red binding activity, 20 (31.75%) were invasive and 8 (12.7%) had hemolytic activity. PCR was applied to detect the presence of stx2 and eaeA genes, where stx2 was found in all strains tested, while eaeA gene was found in 3 E. coli strains only.
Role of Robotic Asistancefor CT Guided Interventions.

Robot attached to Computed Tomography is recently a new modality in Radiology and Pain practices. Use of robotic assistance technique has significant benefits over conventional techniques {1} . It is very helpful in assessing depth of structures like vessels, nerves, tissues, bony structures. It is very help full in biopsy procedures ,in FNAC (2} ,in RF ablation procedures , in drainage of fluids ,in giving various types of nerve blocks for pain relief. A robot can hold ,orient and guide a needle with CT and fluoroscopic guidance . Physician's radiation exposure is also negligiable during CT fluoroscopy . The source of information is pub med .
Wind turbine power performance test methods based on least squares prediction

Wind turbine power performance is an important process of type approval testing project. Because the period of power performance testing is long and it is difficult to collect complete data in a short time, the wind turbine power performance test methods based on least squares prediction is proposed. Firstly, this paper introduces the testing process, site calibration, uncertainty assessment and common data analysis methods of wind turbine power performance using the least square prediction to achieve linear regression and polynomial regression based on limited data. Then the comparative analysis results are carried out through full curve and predicted curve in the actual case to prove the effectiveness of this method in power performance prediction.
Haemocytes in the repair of wounds in an insect (Rhodnius prolixus)

Four types of haemocytes may be distinguished in Rhodnius adults, based on their fine structure. The plasmatocytes are most active in the repair of an integumental wound. They contain dens homogeneous granules whose contents become less dense in response to wounding until microtubules about 150å in diameter are distinguishable. The significance of these changes is not yet known. Tight and intermediate junctions, and septate desmosomes appear between haemocytes which have accumulated in an excision.
Olfactory learning‐induced morphological modifications in single dendritic spines of young rats

Learning‐related morphological modifications in single dendritic spines were studied quantitatively in the brains of young Sprague–Dawley rats. We have previously shown that olfactory discrimination rule‐learning results in transient physiological and morphological modifications in piriform cortex pyramidal neurons. In particular, spine density along the apical dendrites of neurons from trained rats is increased after learning. The aim of the present study was to identify and describe olfactory learning‐induced modifications in the morphology of single spines along apical dendrites of the same type of neurons. By using laser‐scanning confocal microscopy, we show that 3 days after training completion spines on neurons from olfactory discrimination trained rats are shorter as compared to spines on neurons from control rats. Further analysis revealed that spine shortening attributed to olfactory discrimination learning derives from shortening of spine head and not from shortening of spine neck. In addition, detailed analysis of spine head volume suggests that spines with large heads are absent after learning. As spine head size may be related to the efficacy of the synapse it bears, we suggest that modifications in spine head dimensions following olfactory rule‐learning enhance the cortical network ability to enter into a ‘learning mode’, in which memories of new odours can be acquired rapidly and efficiently.
Plasmids coding for drug resistance and localized adherence to HeLa cells in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O55:H- and O55:H6

Plasmids coding for drug resistance and localized adherence (LA) to HeLa cells were found in two enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains belonging to serotypes O55:H- and O55:H6. Strain 49-81 HSJ (O55:H-) carries two plasmids, one coding for both ampicillin resistance (Apr) and LA (pMS49). Strain 71-82 HSJ (O55:H6) harbors only one plasmid, coding for resistance to sulfadiazine, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, ampicillin, and LA (pMS71). Plasmids pMS49 and pMS71 were transferred to E. coli K-12 711 and from this strain to E. coli K-12 J53. Curing with acridine orange of an Apr LA+ transconjugant showed that both characteristics were lost simultaneously. The plasmids have a molecular weight of approximately 55 X 10(6) and are the first naturally recombinant plasmids coding for adherence and drug resistance described in enteropathogenic E. coli.
Neuroimaging and Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Premature Infants

Preterm birth is associated with variable degrees of brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Neuroimaging has been investigated as a predictor of outcome in this population. Head ultrasound allows for rapid bedside evaluation of the neonatal brain for early intraventricular hemorrhage surveillance and later detection of periventricular leukomalacia. Computed tomography can provide excellent views for bones, hemorrhage, extra-axial space, and the ventricles but is rarely used for prognostic purposes. Magnetic resonance imaging allows for high-resolution images of brain structures, differentiation of white and gray matter, visualization of the brain stem and posterior fossa, and getting additional physiological information with specialized sequences. Though controversial, the use of magnetic resonance imaging, at term equivalent, as a predictor of later outcome in preterm infants has been increasing and has been advocated by some as a standard practice. In this article, we review and contrast the use of these various imaging modalities in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome of premature infants.
Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy have a better survival than the background population.

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to investigate standardised relative survival and mortality ratio for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer at our institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between 1995 and 2010, a total of 1,350 consecutive patients underwent radical prostatectomy. Patients were followed prospectively per protocol. No patients were lost to follow-up. Overall and cause-specific survival were described using Kaplan-Meier plots. Standardized relative survival and mortality ratio were calculated based on expected survival in the age-matched Danish population using the methods and macros described by Dickmann. The country-specific population mortality rates used for calculation of the expected survival were based on data from The Human Mortality Database. RESULTS The median follow-up was 3.4 years (range: 0-14.3 years). A total of 59 (4.4%) patients died during follow-up. In all, 17 (1.3%) patients died of prostate cancer. The estimated ten-year overall survival was 89.3%. The cancer-specific survival was estimated to 96.6% after ten years. Relative survival was 1.04 after five years and 1.14 after ten years. The standardized mortality ratio, i.e. observed mortality/expected mortality, was 0.61 and 0.39 at five and ten years, respectively. CONCLUSION The overall and cancer-specific ten-year survival in a consecutive series of patients in a non-screened Danish population is ≥ 89%. The survival and mortality ratio is significantly better than expected in the age-matched background population. This finding is likely explained by selection bias. Although the results indicate an excellent outcome in terms of cancer control, the efficacy of prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer remains at debate. FUNDING not relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION not relevant.
Predictors of Discharge to Acute Care after Inpatient Rehabilitation in Severely Affected Stroke Patients

Objective This study aimed to determine the predictors of discharge to acute care after inpatient rehabilitation in severely affected stroke patients. DesignThis was a retrospective study using data from the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation (UDSMR) between 2008 and 2009. The main outcome variable was discharge location, which included discharge to acute care or discharge to the community after inpatient rehabilitation. The study sample included 223 of the most severely affected stroke patients (Case-Mix Group 0110 of Medicare reimbursement classification), of whom 86 were discharged to acute care from after the inpatient medical rehabilitation setting; 137 similarly classified stroke patients were discharged to the community after inpatient medical rehabilitation. The variables examined were Functional Independence Measure ratings, co-morbid medical conditions, and four groups of stroke-related neurologic deficits (hemiparesis, dysphagia, language deficits, and other stroke-related neurologic deficits). The groups were devised based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes. ResultsThere were no significant demographic differences between the two groups—those discharged to the acute care hospital and those discharged to the community. There was a difference in admission Functional Independence Measure ratings, whereby patients discharged to acute care were significantly lower (P < 0.05) on admission motor and cognitive function than were patients discharged to the community. When controlling for 19 groups of co-morbid medical conditions and 4 groups of stroke-related neurologic deficits, there was no significant difference between patients being discharged to an acute care hospital and those discharged to the community. ConclusionsIn the current study, controlling for impairment (stroke), severity of condition, demographic variables, inpatient rehabilitation admission day of the week and discharge day of the week, prehospitalization living setting, prehospitalization living with (alone, family, other), payer (secondary insurance coverage), onset days, co-morbid medical conditions, and classification of stroke-related neurologic deficits, the only variable predictive of discharge to the acute care hospital from an inpatient rehabilitation facility is function at admission, mainly the admission motor Functional Independence Measure rating. If clinicians routinely assess the functional status of patients during the preadmission screening process, it may aid in identifying whether the patient is at an increased risk of being readmitted to the acute care hospital.
Timing-driven Steiner tree construction on uniform λ-geometry

The multi-net rectilinear Steiner tree construction with the objective of wirelength minimization for routing in VLSI has received a lot of attention in the last few decades. And as it has been observed now that non-Manhattan routing reduces the wirelength more than the traditional Manhattan routing, the routing in alternate directions are gaining increased interest. But there has not been much work on timing-driven non-Manhattan routing. In this paper, we propose an Elmore delay based method for construction of uniform λ-geometry Steiner trees. Also we have used a strategy to reduce the set of Steiner points as only a small fraction of it actually remains in the final tree. We have implemented the algorithm for creating rectilinear and hexagonal Steiner trees on OR library benchmarks. Both delay and wirelength improvement of Y routing over M routing is observed. Using the reduced Steiner set, our algorithm runs quite fast on nets with large number of pins for which the existing methods even fail to generate a solution. Since our method is not dependent on the routing architecture, it can be applied to any uniform orientation.
Myogenic gene expression signature establishes that brown and white adipocytes originate from distinct cell lineages

Attainment of a brown adipocyte cell phenotype in white adipocytes, with their abundant mitochondria and increased energy expenditure potential, is a legitimate strategy for combating obesity. The unique transcriptional regulators of the primary brown adipocyte phenotype are unknown, limiting our ability to promote brown adipogenesis over white. In the present work, we used microarray analysis strategies to study primary preadipocytes, and we made the striking discovery that brown preadipocytes demonstrate a myogenic transcriptional signature, whereas both brown and white primary preadipocytes demonstrate signatures distinct from those found in immortalized adipogenic models. We found a plausible SIRT1-related transcriptional signature during brown adipocyte differentiation that may contribute to silencing the myogenic signature. In contrast to brown preadipocytes or skeletal muscle cells, white preadipocytes express Tcf21, a transcription factor that has been shown to suppress myogenesis and nuclear receptor activity. In addition, we identified a number of developmental genes that are differentially expressed between brown and white preadipocytes and that have recently been implicated in human obesity. The interlinkage between the myocyte and the brown preadipocyte confirms the distinct origin for brown versus white adipose tissue and also represents a plausible explanation as to why brown adipocytes ultimately specialize in lipid catabolism rather than storage, much like oxidative skeletal muscle tissue.
Uptake Kinetics of Arsenic Species in Rice Plants

Arsenic (As) finds its way into soils used for rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation through polluted irrigation water, and through historic contamination with As-based pesticides. As is known to be present as a number of chemical species in such soils, so we wished to investigate how these species were accumulated by rice. As species found in soil solution from a greenhouse experiment where rice was irrigated with arsenate contaminated water were arsenite, arsenate, dimethylarsinic acid, and monomethylarsonic acid. The short-term uptake kinetics for these four As species were determined in 7-d-old excised rice roots. High-affinity uptake (0–0.0532 mm) for arsenite and arsenate with eight rice varieties, covering two growing seasons, rice var. Boro (dry season) and rice var. Aman (wet season), showed that uptake of both arsenite and arsenate by Boro varieties was less than that of Aman varieties. Arsenite uptake was active, and was taken up at approximately the same rate as arsenate. Greater uptake of arsenite, compared with arsenate, was found at higher substrate concentration (low-affinity uptake system). Competitive inhibition of uptake with phosphate showed that arsenite and arsenate were taken up by different uptake systems because arsenate uptake was strongly suppressed in the presence of phosphate, whereas arsenite transport was not affected by phosphate. At a slow rate, there was a hyperbolic uptake of monomethylarsonic acid, and limited uptake of dimethylarsinic acid.
Diagnostic comparison of three groups of examiners using visual and laser fluorescence methods to detect occlusal caries in vitro.

BACKGROUND To evaluate the accuracy of the DIAGNOdent laser device (DD) for detecting occlusal fissure caries when used by three groups of examiners. METHODS Three final-year dental students (S), three General Dental Practitioners (G), and three Academic Clinicians (A) individually examined the non-cavitated occlusal surfaces of 25 extracted permanent molars using visual inspection (VI) then DD assessments. The presence of caries was confirmed following tooth sectioning. A cut-off limit of 30 was used for the DD to avoid over-treatment in a low caries-risk situation. RESULTS For VI, individual examiner sensitivity (caries correctly diagnosed) ranged from 53 to 86 per cent, and specificity (sound teeth correctly diagnosed) ranged from 76 to 95 per cent, with low Kappa agreements. Group S achieved the highest sensitivity (80 per cent) and Groups G and A achieved the highest specificities (88 per cent). For DD, individual examiner sensitivity ranged from 19DD, individual examiner sensificity ranged from 19 to 77 per cent, and specificity from 71 to 97 per cent, with generally moderate Kappa agreements. Group A achieved the highest (67 per cent) and Group G the lowest (44 per cent) sensitivities, and Group G achieved the highest specificity (94 per cent). CONCLUSIONS There were similar widely varying results for the two diagnostic methods and for the three groups of examiners. However, the relatively high sensitivities found with VI and specificities found with DD should avoid over-treatment in low caries-risk populations.
Insertion / Deletion DNA Polymorphisms in two South Indian Tribal Populations

Abstract DNA samples from 123 unrelated individuals belonging to 2 endogamous tribal populations, namely, the Koya Doras and Konda Reddis, of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, South India were analysed for 8 human specific polymorphic insertion/deletion loci. Except Alu CD4, all the loci are polymorphic in both the populations. Most of the loci showed high levels of heterozygosity in both the populations. The average heterozygosity is higher in Konda Reddis than in Koya Doras. The results were compared with available Indian data on four other tribal populations, namely, Lodha, Munda, Santal and Tipperah.
A UWB Dipole Antenna With Enhanced Impedance and Gain Performance

A planar dipole antenna is proposed with enhanced impedance and gain performance across an ultrawideband (UWB) operating bandwidth of 3.1-10.6 GHz. The proposed antenna consists of two semi-elliptical-ended arms connected by a shorting bridge. With the shorting bridge, the length of the antenna is reduced and the radiation performance in terms of gain is improved especially at higher frequencies. The performance of the proposed antenna is validated experimentally using a wideband balun to realize the microstrip-co-planar strip transition. The results show that the proposed antenna can achieve a gain of 2.4-6.2 dBi across a VSWR=2 impedance bandwidth of 118% (2.8-10.9 GHz). The time domain responses of pulsed UWB signals through conventional and proposed antennas are compared. Furthermore, a parametric study is performed to provide antenna engineers with the information about the design.
Kinetics of mezlocillin and carbenicillin

The kinetics of mezlocillin, a semisynthetic acylureido penicillin, more active than carbenicillin against many gram‐negative bacteria, were compared with those of carbenicillin. Following an intravenous infusion of 4 gm in 5 min to 8 normal men there was an average serum level of 294 µg/ml for mezlocillin and 365 µg/ml for carbenicillin. The t½ for mezlocillin was 47 min and that for carbenicillin was 70 min. The apparent volume of distribution was 13.4 L for mezlocillin and 14.4 Lfor carbenicillin. The mean urinary recovery of mezlocillin was 72% and that for carbenicillin was 92 %. Constant infusion of 5 mg of mezlocillin over 2 hr gave steady‐state levels of 234 µg/ml. Half‐life, apparent volume of distribution, and serum and renal clearance of mezlocillin after constant infusion were in the same range as those after rapid infusion.