Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Property Rights in a Hold‐Up Experiment

In a hold-up experiment designed to test theoretical predictions following from Hart (1995) and deMeza/Lockwood (1998) regarding investment behavior Sonnemans et al. (2001) (SOS) find only a partial confirmation of theory. According to SOS these deviations from standard theory can be explained by positive reciprocal behavior. In this paper, we replicate the experiment by SOS and add another group of treatments in which asset ownership is endogenized by auctioning off the assets. Our experiment shows that the results by SOS crucially depend on the ownership structure being exogenously assigned by the experimenter. We present experimental evidence that, by and large, corroborates the theoretical predictions made by Hart (1995).
Prediction Cadastral Tax Implementation in the Aspect of Experience Other Countries 1

Cadastral tax is long, but not quite glorious history [7]. Some U.S. states implement and enforce it already in final years of eighteenth century. In nineteenth century and also in United States, idea a tax on value of possess land propagated by Henry George – American writer, politician, economist and the most influential proponent implementation this assessment. He argued, that construction tax on value of possessed land they, will eliminate all other taxable [7]. Modernist at that time, cadastre system in Europe, was constructed in mid-nineteenth century, when register of this type created in France and Austria-Hungary. Parallel to these developments in various German states were formed different formal and legal solutions for cadastral tax. However, it only unified in 1936. Currently, system only addictive tax of property values is in many countries of the world including Europe Central, Western and Scandinavia. One of the biggest organizations for people professionally involved in real estate appraisal and taxation is the “International Association of Assessing Officers – IAAO”, aimed at promoting innovation (scientific research) and good practice, as well as providing education on assessing real estate and the taxation policy [1]. In Poland while tax system is dependent on area land and/or superficies a building or premises. Thus, owner of villa with an area equal 200 m2, localized on 10 acres plot in Warsaw’s downtown, are now paying little higher (compared to growth cadastral tax) then this one, which is charged to owner 10 acres plot built detached house with an area of 200 m2, located in eastern part of Poland, even though value of the first property, even ten times value of other property. In this regard, it is fairer cadastral tax, but in addition to its advantages should also take into account quite a lot disadvantages. Prediction its implementation, in terms of empirical data from other European countries, will be answer to question: whether initiation tax of value
Estimating forage intake and quality in grazing cattle: a reconsideration of the hand-plucking method.

The hand-plucking method for estimation of bite size and nutritive quality was tested for steers grazing at low stocking rates on heathland and in riverine grassland. Vegetation height, standing crop, and cover of distinct plant categories were determined in 13 sampling periods over 2 years. In each period bite size was estimated with 4 esophageally fistulated steers. Bite counts on different plant categories were made during sampling. The plant categories were sampled separately by hand-plucking and weighed to determine plucking size. Extrusa and hand-plucked samples were analyzed for concentrations of nitrogen and calcium. Vegetation height was a more accurate predictor of plucking size than standing crop. A curvilinear relationship was derived between plucking size and bite size. The nutritive quality of extrusa and hand-plucked samples was not significantly different. It is concluded that the application of the hand-plucking method appears successful when a stratified sampling approach to hand-plucking is followed. Future studies should examine operator-biases and how these can be minimized.
Syntactic Features of English Idioms

Idioms are the expressions the elements of which cannot be changed or replaced by other elements. They are called fixed expressions. However, some changes are possible within idioms. These changes may be both lexical and grammatical. The acticle deals with the syntactic features of idioms, possible transformations within idioms. Besides, the essential point in the article is to understand why some idioms undergo transformations, while the others don’t. Semantics and syntax are taken as a whole in the system of the English language, and the research is carried as to the mutual relationship between them. Different linguistic and cognitive approaches by different scholars have been analyzed in the article, and the proper conclusions have been made.
Effect Of Preemptive Epidural Analgesia In Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.5246 Received: 27.07. 2017 Accepted: 29.07. 2017 Printed: 01.11. 2017 J Clin Anal Med 2017;8(6): 501-6 Corresponding Author: Elzem SEN, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Gaziantep, School of Medicine, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey. GSM: +905327842151 F. : +90 3423603998 E-Mail: drelzem@hotmail.com Öz Amaç: Bu çalışmada Perkütan Nefrolitotomi (PNL) olacak hastalarda , genel anestezinin ve genel anesteziye eklenmiş epidural anestezinin stres yanıtı, hemodinamik değişimler ve postoperatif analjezik gereksinimlerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: PNL yapılan 50 hasta vardı. Hastalar randomize olarak 2 gruba dağıtıldı. Grup A: Genel anestezi verilen (sevofluran + 50% O2+ air mixture + 2 μg/kg fentanil) (n=25). Grup E: Epidural analjezi. Gruplar arasında demografik veriler, hemodinamik parametreler, postoperatif VAS değerleri ve analjezik tüketimleri karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada cerrahi strese nöroendokrin yanıtın değerlendirilmesi için kullanılan parametrelerden glukoz, insülin, kortizol ve C-reaktif protein değerlerindeki değişimler her iki grupta istatistiksel olarak benzerdi (p> 0.05). Gruplar arasında postoperatif toplam analjezik tüketiminde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p> 0.05). Tartışma: Stres ve inflamatuvar yanıttaki değişiklikler tek doz epidural analjezi etkinliğinin sürdüğü dönemde önlenir, ancak sonraki dönemlerde etkisiz kalmaktadır.
Investigation into the metal contamination of the Plankenburg and Diep Rivers, Western Cape, South Africa

Metal contamination in the Plankenburg and Diep Rivers (Western Cape) was investigated over a 12 and 9 month period, respectively. Aluminium (Al), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were determined using the nitric acid digestion method and analysed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). For both rivers the Al and Fe concentrations were higher than that for all the other metals analysed for in sediment and water samples. The highest concentrations recorded in the Plankenburg River were 13.6 mgE. -1 (water . Week 18, Site B) and 15 018 mgEkg-1 (sediment . Week 1, Site C) for Al, and 48 mgE. -1 (water . Week 43, Site A) and 14 363.8 mgEkg-1 (sediment . Week 1, Site A) for Fe. The highest concentrations recorded in the Diep River were 4 mgE. -1 (water . Week 1, Site A) and 19 179 mgEkg-1 (sediment . Week 1, Site C) for Al, and 513 mgE. -1 (water . Week 27, Site A) and 106 379.5 mgEkg-1 (sediment . Week 9, Site C) for Fe. For most of the metals analysed the concentrations were higher than the recommended water quality guidelines as stipulated by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, the Canadian Council for the Ministers of the Environment and the accepted eworld averagef. Point sources of pollution could not be conclusively identified, but runoff from both industrial and residential areas could have contributed to the increased concentrations. Metal concentrations should be routinely monitored and the guidelines should be updated and revised based on the current state of the rivers and pollution sources.
Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Market Returns: Full Information Maximum Likelihood Estimation

This study examines the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock market returns using monthly data over period January 1992 to December, 2008. Macroeconomic variables used in this study are consumer price index (as a proxy for inflation), crude oil price, exchange rate and 91 day Treasury bill rate (as a proxy for interest rate). Full Information Maximum Likelihood Estimation procedure was used in establishing the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock market returns in Ghana. The empirical results reveal that there is a significant relationship between stock market returns and three macroeconomic variables; consumer price index (inflation rate), exchange rate and Treasury bill rate seem to affect stock market returns. Consumer price index (Inflation rate) had a positive significant effect, while exchange rate and Treasury bill rate had negative significant influence on stock market returns. On the other hand, crude oil prices do not appear to have any significant effect on stock returns. The results may provide some insight to corporate managers, investors and policy makers.
Comparison Of Recycling Rates Of Three Adjacent Communities In St. Clair County, Illinois

This research project consists of two types of surveys to assess recycling in the city limits of Belleville, Swansea, and O’Fallon, Illinois, each of which uses a different type of recycling program. One method of data collection consisted of conducting visual surveys to observe participation rates. The second was a questionnaire mailed to homes in these communities requesting information on the household’s recycling habits, attitudes toward curbside recycling, income, and highest education level achieved by head of household. This project determined that the most influential factor in determining whether people take part in a curbside recycling program is cost.
Least action nodal solutions for the quadratic Choquard equation

We prove the existence of a minimal action nodal solution for the quadratic Choquard equation $$ -\Delta u + u = \big(I_\alpha \ast |u|^2\big)u \quad\text{in }\; \mathbb R^N,$$ where $I_\alpha$ is the Riesz potential of order $\alpha\in(0,N)$. The solution is constructed as the limit of minimal action nodal solutions for the nonlinear Choquard equations $$ -\Delta u + u = \big(I_\alpha \ast |u|^p\big)|u|^{p-2}u \quad\text{in }\; \mathbb R^N$$ when $p\searrow 2$. The existence of minimal action nodal solutions for $p>2$ can be proved using a variational minimax procedure over Nehari nodal set. No minimal action nodal solutions exist when $p<2$.
Asset Pricing When Risk Sharing is Limited by Default

We study the asset pricing implications of a multi-agent endowment economy where agents can default on contracts that would leave them otherwise worse off. We specialize and extend the environment studied by Kocherlakota (1995) and Kehoe and Levine (1993) to make it comparable to standard studies of asset pricing. We make contributions along two fronts. First, we extend the characterization of efficient allocations. Second, we present an equilibrium concept with complete markets and with endogenous solvency constraints. These solvency constraints are such as to prevent default at the cost of reduced risk sharing. We show a version of the classical welfare theorems for this equilibrium definition. We characterize the pricing kernel, and compare it to the one for economies without participation constraints: interest rates are lower and risk premia can be bigger depending on the covariance of the idiosyncratic and aggregate shocks. We show that those agents whose endowment is very similar to the aggregate endowment are irrelevant for asset pricing. In a quantitative example, for reasonable parameter values, the relevant marginal rates of substitution fall within the Hansen-Jagannathan bounds.
Non-smooth Model Predictive control: Stability and applications to Hybrid Systems

In this report we investigate the stability of hybrid systems in closed-loop with Model Predictive Controllers (MPC) and we derive a priori sufficient conditions for Lyapunov asymptotic stability and exponential stability. A general theory is presented which proves that Lyapunov stability is achieved for both terminal cost and constraint set and terminal equality constraint hybrid MPC, even though the considered Lyapunov function and the system dynamics may be discontinuous. For particular choices of MPC criteria and constrained Piecewise Affine (PWA) systems as the prediction models we develop novel algorithms for computing the terminal cost and the terminal constraint set. For a quadratic MPC cost, the stabilization conditions translate into a linear matrix inequality while, for an ∞-norm based MPC cost, they are obtained as ∞-norm inequalities. It is shown that by using ∞-norms, the terminal constraint set is automatically obtained as a polyhedron or a finite union of polyhedra by taking a sublevel set of the calculated terminal cost function. New algorithms are developed for calculating polyhedral or piecewise polyhedral positively invariant sets for PWA systems. In this manner, the on-line optimization problem leads to a mixed integer quadratic programming problem or to a mixed integer linear programming problem, which can be solved by standard optimization tools. Several examples illustrate the effectiveness of the developed methodology.
Analysis of the low-temperature specific heat of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube ropes

We analyze specific-heat measurements in the temperature range 1,T,200 K for two types of carbon nanotube samples: multiwalled tubes and ropes of single-walled tubes. The multiwalled tube sample has a specific-heat not unlike that of graphite, which we maintain is reasonable given the structural similarities between the two materials. In contrast, the low-temperature specific-heat data for ropes are surprisingly large in magnitude and have surprisingly strong temperature dependence. We present model calculations that highlight the puzzling nature of these results and then suggest explanations. @S0163-1829~99! 00129-0#
A Modular Logic Approach for Expressing Web Services in XML Applying Dynamic Rules in XML

RuleML is considered to be a markup language for the semantic web. It allows the enrichment of web ontologies by adding definitions of derived concepts and it enhances interoperability among different systems and tools by publishing rules in an XML format. Moreover the in-creasing demand for interfaces that enhance information sharing has given rise to XML doc-uments that include embedded calls to web services. In this paper we propose a variation of RuleML that is based on modular logic programming. Our approach is based in a two level architecture. In the first level a modular logic language, called M-log, is presented. This lan-guage encompasses several mechanisms for invoking web services. In the second level we ex-ploit the semantics of M-log to present a variation of RuleML with rich modeling capabilities. Formal foundations for this variation are given through direct translation to M-log semantics.
Religion and Conservation: A Review of Use and Protection of Sacred Plants and Animals in Nepal

The objective of this paper is to examine the socio-cultural and spiritual values of plants and animals. It focuses on how religious beliefs and practices affect the way these species are understood, utilized and managed. Large number of plant and animal species with religious importance has been found to be conserved and protected in Nepal. Religious prospect has played a significant role in conservation of plants and animals. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 61-66
Radar stratigraphy of the glaciotectonically deformed deposits in the Isoniemi area, Haukipudas, Finland

The study of deposits in the central areas of Weichselian Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) is important for understanding behaviour of the ice sheet. This study provides new information on the deposits in the previously poorly known glaciofluvial Isoniemi complex in Haukipudas, Finland, located in the central part of SIS. The deposits are studied using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to delineate the depositional and glaciotectonic environments and events that have occurred in the area. The results are interpreted using the principles of radar stratigraphy and correlated with an earlier sedimentological study from the area. Borehole logs of old boreholes made for ground water and aggregate investigations are used as an aid in the interpretation alongside the previously obtained sedimentological data. GPR data show 10 radar facies separated by seven radar surfaces. The sequence of events interpreted from GPR data and earlier sedimentological study include: 1) deposition of the glaciofluvial sediments, 2) deposition of till and the first stage of deformation by an advancing glacier, 3) retreat of the glacier, and cutting and infilling of the proglacial channels, 4) proglacial deformation forming the Runteli ridge, 5) glacioisostatic uplift close to the water level, 6) possible forming of the rip current channels and 7) reworking of the earlier sediments by wave and sea-ice action.
Managing gestational diabetes – a two year study of 200 patients

Introduction : Doubling of the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in the last eight years has necessitated a review to evaluate the outcome and complications of these pregnancies in a local perspective, in comparison to the data obtained from the western literature. Objective: To study the outcomes and complications of 200 antenatal mothers diagnosed with GDM at the Teaching Hospital Kandy, Sri Lanka, and to compare these with results obtained from the western literature. Method: 200 antenatal mothers with documented risk factors for GDM were screened by a 75 g standard Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and GDM diagnosed using the 2006 WHO Diabetes criteria. They were managed and delivered at the Teaching Hospital, Kandy, outcomes and complications documented and followed-up where feasible up to a period of two years. Results: Family history as a risk factor was documented in 65% with obesity accounting for only 5%. Only 34% in the series, (31% with a family history of diabetes and 50% with a previous history of GDM) had carried out at least one blood-sugar estimation prior to this conception. A total of 88% required insulin therapy along with dietary regulation but queried later only 58% vouched for the advised dietary restrain, A normal maternal weight gain, a higher average birth weight of 3206 grams is reported with a congenital abnormality rate of 2.5% and three still births. 78% were delivered surgically and 34% of the babies needed to be admitted to the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) and the average SCBU stay being 2 to 3 days. 22% were found to have a new diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus six-weeks post-partum with 77% of them having had very high blood sugar profiles in their antenatal GTTs. On longterm follow up, 8% of mothers who were normotolerant or with impaired glucose tolerance post-partum were found to be diabetic just 2 years after delivery. Conclusion: A glaring deficiency in prepregnancy counselling for diabetes with an inadequate public awareness is highlighted. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/sljog.v33i2. 4005 Sri Lanka Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2011; 33 : 45-50
Limited Plasticity of Biomass Allocation in Alpine Forbs, Pikes Peak, Colorado

ABSTRACT. Alpine plant species are thought to have limited phenotypic plasticity, but few data exist on forbs. We assessed plasticity in allocation of biomass to belowground and aboveground parts and to reproduction in 5 forb species from a 50-year-old disturbance and adjacent undisturbed areas in an alpine dry meadow. Three of the species, mostly those with variable numbers of stems per genet, increased in size in the disturbed areas. All 5 forbs showed very limited plasticity in allocation of biomass. Lack of phenotypic plasticity in these forbs may limit their ability to respond to future changes in environment.
N-methylpyrrolidone: Isolation and characterization of the compound from the marine sponge Clathria frondifera (class:Demospongiae)

An investigation of the chemical composition of the marine sponge Clathria frondifera resulted in the isolation of the compound N-methylpyrrolidone which is widely used in the petrochemical, microelectronics fabrication, paint and pharmaceutical industry. This is the first report on the isolation and structural characterization of N-methylpyrrolidone from a marine source. The compound was purified by column chromatography and analyzed by TLC. The functional groups were analyzed by FTIR spectrum. The structure of the compound was established by spectroscopic analysis (UV, 1 H and 13 C NMR) and elucidated with the aid of COSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments.
Examining the Relationship between Team Cohesion, Comparative Anxiety and Self-Confidence among Ethiopian Basketball Teams

One of the most constantly studied constructs in group dynamic research is cohesiveness. Indeed it refers to two main construct namely task and social cohesion. Since organizations become increasingly depend on group cohesiveness to strive for better performance, these two construct (social and task cohesion) had consistency effect on the performance as suggested in many studies. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between task cohesion (ATG-T and GI-T), Self-Confidence Inventory (SCI), competitive state anxiety (A-State), and also if there would be a relation between cohesion and self-confidence. The sample consisted of 60 basketball players of both genders, male and female from 4 different clubs, aged between 19-26 years old. The data for cohesion were abstained and measured using Portuguese version of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ), and to assess competitive anxiety, we used the Portuguese version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (SCAT). The results show that female athletes report experiencing more cognitive anxiety and less self-confidence than male athletes. Only cognitive anxiety relates in a significantly negative way with the perception of cohesion (GI-T, ATG-T) in the total number of participants and in male athletes. Relatively to the Somatic anxiety, it only relates negatively with the perception of the integration of the group in the total number of participants and in the male gender. Keywords: Cohesion, Anxiety, Self-confidence, basketball
OOCYTE GLUTATHIONE CONCENTRATION IN A RABBIT LINE SELECTED FOR OVULATION RATE

The present study was designed to determine glutathione concentration in rabbit oocytes and to establish a relation between oocyte glutathione concentration and ovulation rate. Glutathione concentration is used to assess oocyte quality. A total of 59 does belonging to a line selected for ovulation rate during seven generations were mated with vasectomized males to induce ovulation. Females were slaughtered fifteen hours later and oocytes were collected by flushing the oviducts. Oocytes were processed and glutathione concentration was determined by the enzymatic recycling assay of the 5,5dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)-glutathione disulfide reductase. Mean glutathione concentrations were 8.6 ± 2.7 pmol/oocyte. Oocyte glutathione concentration was significantly lower in oocytes from females with high (7.6 ± 0.4 pmol/oocyte) and medium (8 ± 0.4 pmol/oocyte) ovulation rates than in oocytes from females with low ovulation rates (9.4 ± 0.4 pmol/oocyte). It seems that high ovulation rates could be associated with poorer oocyte quality than low ovulation rates.