Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacist Management of Adult Asthma at an Indian Health Service Facility LCDR

A ccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, asthma prevalence in the U.S. increased between 2001 and 2010 and is now at its highest level. In 2010, about 25.7 million people had asthma: 18.7 million adults (8%) and 7 million children (9%). Despite wellknown treatment options, asthma continues to be poorly controlled. In 2009 there were 1.6 million emergency department (ED) visits, 497,300 hospitalizations, and 3,404 deaths related to asthma. Additionally, in 2008 the disease affected attendance at school and work with 10.5 million and 14.2 million missed school days and workdays, respectively. The American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) populations have not escaped the realities of asthma. According to a 2010 report of the National Center for Health Statistics, AIAN populations also have a high prevalence of asthma at 14.2%. This percentage is much higher than that of the general population. Over the past decade, pharmacists have expanded their roles from educators to clinicians with prescriptive authority in various settings. The greatest success has been seen with anticoagulation clinics, both clinically and financially. Pharmacists have also demonstrated positive outcomes when involved in cardiovascular clinics. Additionally, pharmacists have been involved with asthma clinics as both educators and prescribers with favorable results clinically and economically.14-16 A study from Taiwan done by Chan and Wang indicated that pharmacist asthma interventions in an outpatient setting improved the quality of care, reduced cost, and relieved stress on general medical resources. Another study indicated that education by a community pharmacist can improve asthma control in a self-managed program. In 2007, an asthma medication use evaluation (MUE) was completed at the Northern Navajo Medical Center (NNMC) in Shiprock, New Mexico. The results of the MUE concluded that asthma statistics for the local population differed from that of the national data (Table 1). Overall, the Navajo population served by the NNMC had a lower incidence of asthma but a higher rate of hospital admissions and ED visits. One of the primary focus points for the MUE was short-acting beta agonist (SABA) refills. According to national guidelines, using a SABA 2 or more times per week (not for exerciseinduced bronchospasms) would indicate a patient was not well controlled. This use equates to 2 refills of SABA per year. The MUE found that 51% of patients had ≥ 3 refills per year, and 38% of patients had 4 or more refills per year. Based on asthma prevalence and SABA history, it was determined that a specialty clinic could have a positive impact on asthma care. This study addresses how a specialized adult asthma clinic managed by pharmacists with physician oversight can improve asthma outcomes. Since January 2010, the NNMC has had a program in place and has experienced a concurrent substantial drop in asthma-related ED visits and admissions, an improved level of control, and a decreased cost burden to the facility.
Insulin therapy, weight gain and prognosis

Insulin therapy is mainly used by people with type 2 diabetes who have failed other therapies and have become insulin‐deficient. This group represents about a quarter of all people with type 2 diabetes. Almost all those with type 2 diabetes who start insulin therapy or intensify it gain weight, which may potentially diminish the prognostic advantage of improved glycaemia. To date, all available guidelines emphasize both the attainment of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) goals and weight control, without directing the clinician as to which element is of a higher priority. The following review attempts to clarify the issue using the available literature. The body of evidence presented in this review indicates that glycaemic management with exogenous insulin replacement is of a much higher priority than weight gain. Lower weight or weight loss do not show prognostic benefit in advanced stages of diabetes; therefore, weight gain should not discourage providers from achieving and maintaining HbA1c goals with insulin therapy, regardless of insulin dosage or other medications.
Sialylation pattern in lung epithelial cell line and Siglecs expression in monocytic THP-1 cells as cellular indicators of cigarette smoke – induced pathology in vitro

ABSTRACT Purpose: Cellular response to cigarette smoke (CS) involves activation of recognition receptors resulting in changes in immune status, oxidative stress and cell turnover. We investigated the effects of CS on sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin type lectins (Siglecs) expression and their sialylated ligands in human immune and non-immune cells. Methods: Human monocytes (THP-1) and epithelial cells (A549) were cultured in CS–conditioned medium (CSM). Expression of Siglec-8 and Siglec-5/Siglec-14 was analysed in THP-1 cells using flow cytometry. The effects of CS on immune activity was evaluated flow cytometrically in these cells by assessment of phagocytosis and intracellular expression IL-1β and IL-10. Detection and differentiation of sialic acids was analyzed by dot blot, western blot and flow cytometry using plant lectins and antibodies. Results: Exposure to CS significantly increased expression of Siglec-8 and Siglec-5/Siglec-14 in THP-1 cells. These changes were accompanied by enhanced intracellular level of IL-1β and IL-10 but reduced phagocytic activity. In THP-1 and A549 cells, the level of α2,3-sialic acids, but not α2,6-sialic acid, was significantly increased when compared to naïve cells. The level of α2,8-sialic acids increased significantly in A549 cells, but not in THP-1 cells, after exposure to CS. Conclusion: These results show that cellular response to CS involves changes in expression of Siglec receptors and sialylated ligands functionally associated with immunity.
Disentangling the role of seed bank and dispersal in plant metapopulation dynamics using patch occupancy surveys.

In plants, the presence of a seed bank challenges the application of classical metapopulation models to aboveground presence surveys; ignoring seed bank leads to overestimated extinction and colonization rates. In this article, we explore the possibility to detect seed bank using hidden Markov models in the analysis of aboveground patch occupancy surveys of an annual plant with limited dispersal. Patch occupancy data were generated by simulation under two metapopulation sizes (N = 200 and N = 1,000 patches) and different metapopulation scenarios, each scenario being a combination of the presence/absence of a 1-yr seed bank and the presence/absence of limited dispersal in a circular 1-dimension configuration of patches. In addition, because local conditions often vary among patches in natural metapopulations, we simulated patch occupancy data with heterogeneous germination rate and patch disturbance. Seed bank is not observable from aboveground patch occupancy surveys, hence hidden Markov models were designed to account for uncertainty in patch occupancy. We explored their ability to retrieve the correct scenario. For 10 yr surveys and metapopulation sizes of N = 200 or 1,000 patches, the correct metapopulation scenario was detected at a rate close to 100%, whatever the underlying scenario considered. For smaller, more realistic, survey duration, the length for a reliable detection of the correct scenario depends on the metapopulation size: 3 yr for N = 1,000 and 6 yr for N = 200 are enough. Our method remained powerful to disentangle seed bank from dispersal in the presence of patch heterogeneity affecting either seed germination or patch extinction. Our work shows that seed bank and limited dispersal generate different signatures on aboveground patch occupancy surveys. Therefore, our method provides a powerful tool to infer metapopulation dynamics in a wide range of species with an undetectable life form.
Graft versus Host Disease: From Basic Pathogenic Principles to DNA Damage Response and Cellular Senescence

Graft versus host disease (GVHD), a severe immunogenic complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), represents the most frequent cause of transplant-related mortality (TRM). Despite a huge progress in HSCT techniques and posttransplant care, GVHD remains a significant obstacle in successful HSCT outcome. This review presents a complex summary of GVHD pathogenesis with focus on references considering basic biological processes such as DNA damage response and cellular senescence.
An Analytical Approach of Workflow Scheduling Based on Cost-Time Factor

: Mobile Cloud Computing is an emerging technology that provides more facilities including scalability and integrity in resource sharing. Despite of all the types in surrounding the cloud, enterprise customers are still reluctant to deploy their business in the cloud. Cloud users also evaluate performance for decision making purposes. In this paper, we provide an overall perspective on mobile cloud evaluation and execution time of each process. The bandwidth is calculated based on the execution time while shifting from one gateway to another. Data cost should be optimally calculated. Workflow scheduling is the major key component in workflow management. The performance characteristics and cost models of clouds and other scientific computing platforms of the cloud have been calculated here, by using greedy’s algorithm.
Hijacking of multiple phospholipid biosynthetic pathways and induction of membrane biogenesis by a picornaviral 3CD protein

RNA viruses induce specialized membranous structures for use in genome replication. These structures are often referred to as replication organelles (ROs). ROs exhibit distinct lipid composition relative to other cellular membranes. In many picornaviruses, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) is a marker of the RO. Studies to date indicate that the viral 3A protein hijacks a PI4 kinase to induce PI4P by a mechanism unrelated to the cellular pathway, which requires Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1, GBF1, and ADP ribosylation factor 1, Arf1. Here we show that a picornaviral 3CD protein is sufficient to induce synthesis of not only PI4P but also phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Synthesis of PI4P requires GBF1 and Arf1. We identified 3CD derivatives: 3CDm and 3CmD, that we used to show that distinct domains of 3CD function upstream of GBF1 and downstream of Arf1 activation. These same 3CD derivatives still supported induction of PIP2 and PC, suggesting that pathways and corresponding mechanisms used to induce these phospholipids are distinct. Phospholipid induction by 3CD is localized to the perinuclear membrane, the outcome of which is the proliferation of membranes in this area of the cell. We conclude that a single viral protein can serve as a master regulator of cellular phospholipid and membrane biogenesis, likely by commandeering normal cellular pathways. AUTHOR SUMMARY Picornaviruses replicate their genomes in association with host membranes. Early during infection, existing membranes are used but remodeled to contain a repertoire of lipids best suited for virus multiplication. Later, new membrane synthesis occurs, which requires biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine in addition to the other more specialized lipids. We have learned that a single picornaviral protein is able to induce membrane biogenesis and decorate these membranes with some of the specialized lipids induced by the virus. A detailed mechanism of induction has been elucidated for one of these lipids. The ability of a single viral protein to commandeer host pathways that lead to membrane biogenesis was unexpected. This discovery reveals a new target for antiviral therapy with the potential to completely derail all aspects of the viral lifecycle requiring membrane biogenesis.
Automatic ECG Anomalous Identification Using XML Data Processing

Electrocardiography is the recording the electrical task of the heart. Traditionally this is in the form of a transthoracic interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time. Existing methodology focuses on diagnosing the 37 cardiac abnormalities by using XML ontology and ontological schema to identify the disease acquired. This methodology does not tune-up the image of the ECG before processing as the noise percentage misleads to the diagnosis report. In the proposed methodology, an image validation of histogram check is formulated to rectify the noise acquired in the input ECG Image. The Validated ECG sample image has been measured with its height and amplitude to measure the abnormalities using XML ontology. Thus the proposed system overcomes the conflicts faced in the existing system and the performance in terms of time and accuracies has been visualized graphically.
Evolutionary optimization of an anisotropic compliant surface for turbulent friction drag reduction

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the channel flow with an anisotropic compliant surface is performed in order to investigate its drag reduction effect in a fully developed turbulent flow. The computational domain is set to be 3δ×2δ×3δ, where δ is the channel half-width. The surface is passively driven by the pressure and wall-shear stress fluctuations, and the surface velocity provides a boundary condition for the fluid velocity field. An evolutionary optimization method (CMA-ES) is used to optimize the parameters of the anisotropic compliant surface. The optimization identifies several sets of parameters that result in a reduction of the friction drag with a maximum reduction rate of 8%. The primary mechanism for drag reduction is attributed to the decrease of the Reynolds shear stress (RSS) near the wall induced by the kinematics of the surface. The resultant wall motion is a uniform wave traveling downstream. The compliant wall, with the parameters found in the optimization study, is also tested in a computational domain that is doubled in the streamwise direction. The drag, however, is found to increase in the larger computational domain due to excessively large wall-normal velocity fluctuations.
Etracker: A Mobile Gaze-Tracking System with Near-Eye Display Based on a Combined Gaze-Tracking Algorithm

Eye tracking technology has become increasingly important for psychological analysis, medical diagnosis, driver assistance systems, and many other applications. Various gaze-tracking models have been established by previous researchers. However, there is currently no near-eye display system with accurate gaze-tracking performance and a convenient user experience. In this paper, we constructed a complete prototype of the mobile gaze-tracking system ‘Etracker’ with a near-eye viewing device for human gaze tracking. We proposed a combined gaze-tracking algorithm. In this algorithm, the convolutional neural network is used to remove blinking images and predict coarse gaze position, and then a geometric model is defined for accurate human gaze tracking. Moreover, we proposed using the mean value of gazes to resolve pupil center changes caused by nystagmus in calibration algorithms, so that an individual user only needs to calibrate it the first time, which makes our system more convenient. The experiments on gaze data from 26 participants show that the eye center detection accuracy is 98% and Etracker can provide an average gaze accuracy of 0.53° at a rate of 30–60 Hz.
Invariant Representations from Adversarially Censored Autoencoders

We combine conditional variational autoencoders (VAE) with adversarial censoring in order to learn invariant representations that are disentangled from nuisance/sensitive variations. In this method, an adversarial network attempts to recover the nuisance variable from the representation, which the VAE is trained to prevent. Conditioning the decoder on the nuisance variable enables clean separation of the representation, since they are recombined for model learning and data reconstruction. We show this natural approach is theoretically well-founded with information-theoretic arguments. Experiments demonstrate that this method achieves invariance while preserving model learning performance, and results in visually improved performance for style transfer and generative sampling tasks.
Secure Information Transmission Based on Cryptography Fused with Steganography by using Metamorphic Video Encryption

: Metamorphic cryptography is the inconsistency between of cryptography and steganography. This combination will be used for the higher level of security has gained a lot of importance. Cryptography refers to the study of art and science for achieving security by encode the messages to make them sure that the data is not readable. The readable message is converted into an unreadable message by using cryptographic system, this process called as well-structured and systematic, antithesis operation is performed by using cryptanalysis that means unreadable message is converted into a readable message, this process called as error and trial based. Steganography is the technique that give the skill to hide the massages that is to be kept secret inside other messages. Before The art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one can access this information expect sender and receiver.This paper provides a higher level of security for hide the information messages by using development of system for video based metamorphic encryption .
Inverse stochastic–dynamic models for high-resolution Greenland ice core records

Abstract. Proxy records from Greenland ice cores have been studied for several decades, yet many open questions remain regarding the climate variability encoded therein. Here, we use a Bayesian framework for inferring inverse, stochastic–dynamic models from δ18O and dust records of unprecedented, subdecadal temporal resolution. The records stem from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP), and we focus on the time interval 59–22 ka b2k. Our model reproduces the dynamical characteristics of both the δ18O and dust proxy records, including the millennial-scale Dansgaard–Oeschger variability, as well as statistical properties such as probability density functions, waiting times and power spectra, with no need for any external forcing. The crucial ingredients for capturing these properties are (i) high-resolution training data, (ii) cubic drift terms, (iii) nonlinear coupling terms between the δ18O and dust time series, and (iv) non-Markovian contributions that represent short-term memory effects.
Hooked on data videos: assessing the effect of animation and pictographs on viewer engagement

Pictographic representations and animation techniques are commonly incorporated into narrative visualizations such as data videos. General belief is that these techniques may enhance the viewer experience, thus appealing to a broad audience and enticing the viewer to consume the entire video. However, no study has formally assessed the effect of these techniques on data insight communication and viewer engagement. In this paper, we first propose a scale-based questionnaire covering five factors of viewer engagement we identified from multiple application domains such as game design and marketing. We then validate this questionnaire through a crowdsourcing study on Amazon's Mechanical Turk to assess the effect of animation and pictographs in data videos. Our results reveal that each technique has an effect on viewer engagement, impacting different factors. In addition, insights from these studies lead to design considerations for authoring engaging data videos.
Hodgkin Lymphoma: Differences in Treatment Between Europe and the United States/North America: Evolving Trends in Protocol Therapy

With continued progress and success in clinical care, the management of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has undergone continuous revision to improve patient care outcomes and limit acute and late treatment effects on normal tissue imposed by therapy. Hodgkin lymphoma is a disease that affects children, adolescents, and adults. Clinical management strategies are influenced by the patient’s age at diagnosis, tumor burden, response to induction therapy, and potential expectation of treatment impact on normal tissue. The approach to patient management varies in many parts of the world and is influenced by treatment availability, physician training, and medical culture. Differences in approach are important to understand for accurately comparing and contrasting outcome studies. In this article, we will identify current areas of common ground and points of separation in patient care management for HL. Opportunities for clinical trial strategies will be defined for future clinical trials.
Predicting Relative Risk for Diabetes Mellitus Using Association Rule Summarization in EMR

Diabetes is a growing epidemic of non-communicable disease which affects most of the people in the world. In order to suppress the growth of diabetes mellitus we use association rule summarization to electronic medical records to discover set of risk factors and the corresponding sub-population which represents patients at particularly high risk of developing diabetes. Usually association rule mining generates large volume of data sets which we need to summarize for any medical record or any clinical use. We incorporate four methods to find the common factors which lead to high risk of diabetes all these four methods produced summaries that described sub populations at high risk of diabetes with each method having its clear strength. According to our purpose we use bottom up summarization (BUS) algorithm which produces more suitable summary. Keyword: data mining, association rule mining, survival analysis, association rule summarization
Canine Leishmaniasis: An Overview of the Current Status and Strategies for Control

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania infantum and is transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies primarily between animals and secondarily to humans. The course of infection may be different from one individual dog to another, ranging from spontaneous cure to acute evolution that leads to death, if proper management and therapy are not adopted. A parasitological cure is rarely achieved and clinical recurrences in CanL are frequent. Vaccination associated with the use of topical insecticides is undoubtedly the most effective form of prevention and control of the disease. In order to integrate the most important scientific knowledge of the literature in one objective publication, this review proposes a short overview of the main points of CanL.