Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospective cohort study showing persistent HSV-2 shedding in women with genital herpes 2 years after acquisition

Objectives Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a prevalent infection with great variability in clinical and virological manifestations among individuals. This prospective cohort study aims to evaluate the natural history of HSV-2 reactivation in the genital area in the same group of women over time. Methods Eighteen immunocompetent HSV-2 seropositive women were evaluated for viral shedding for 70 consecutive days within a median of 8 months (range 1–24 months) of HSV-2 acquisition and again approximately 2.5 years later from the original study. Participants obtained daily swabs of genital secretions for HSV PCR and recorded genital symptoms. Results The viral shedding rate was 29% during the initial study and 19% in the follow-up study (32% reduction, P=0.019). Subclinical shedding rate also decreased from 24% to 13% (37% reduction, P=0.032), as did the rate of days with genital lesions from 22% to 15% (33% reduction, P=0.24). The mean copy number during viral shedding remained unchanged over time at 4.8 log10 c/mL (SD=2.0 and 1.6 during each study, respectively, P=0.33). Women with high viral shedding rates in the past were likely to continue to have high shedding rates (r=0.63, P=0.005). Conclusions Despite some reduction, high viral shedding rates persist in women with genital HSV-2 greater than 2 years after acquisition.
Use of Reduced Graphs To Encode Bioisosterism for Similarity-Based Virtual Screening

This paper describes a project to include explicit information about bioisosteric equivalences between pairs of fragment substructures in a system for similarity-based virtual screening. Data from the BIOSTER database show that reduced graphs provide a simple way of encoding known bioisosteric equivalences in a manner that can be used during similarity searching. Scaffold-hopping experiments with the WOMBAT database show that including such information enables similarities to be identified between the reference structures and active structures from the database that contain different, but equivalent, fragment substructures. However, such equivalences also contribute to the similarities between the reference structures and inactives, and the latter equivalences can swamp those involving the actives. This presents serious problems for the routine use of information about bioisosteric fragments in similarity-based virtual screening.
Efficacy and Safety of Lersivirine (UK-453,061) Versus Efavirenz in Antiretroviral Treatment–Naive HIV-1–Infected Patients: Week 48 Primary Analysis Results From an Ongoing, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase IIb Trial

Objective:A 96-week clinical study was planned to estimate the antiviral activity and safety of lersivirine in treatment-naive HIV-1–infected patients. Methods:This ongoing international, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, Phase IIb exploratory study evaluates the efficacy and safety of 2 doses of lersivirine or 1 of efavirenz, each combined with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive lersivirine (500 or 750 mg once daily) or efavirenz (600 mg once daily), each administered with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (300 mg/200 mg, once daily). The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies per milliliter (missing/discontinuation = failure) at week 48. Results:For the 193 patients in the study, baseline mean plasma HIV-1 RNA was 4.7 log10 copies per milliliter, and median CD4+ cell count was 312 cells per cubic millimeter. At week 48, the percentage of patients with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies per milliliter was 78.5% (51/65), 78.5% (51/65), and 85.7% (54/63) in the lersivirine 500 mg, 750 mg, and efavirenz groups, respectively. CD4+ cell count changes from baseline were similar across groups. Virologic failure occurred in 7 patients (11%) in each of the lersivirine groups and 3 patients (5%) in the efavirenz group. The pattern of lersivirine resistance was distinct from other nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Overall incidences of all-causality treatment-related or grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) or AE-related discontinuations were lower with lersivirine than with efavirenz, and serious AEs occurred at similar rates across treatment groups. Conclusions:Both lersivirine doses showed broadly comparable efficacy to efavirenz over 48 weeks in treatment-naive patients, with different AE profiles from efavirenz.
A Brief History of Research Synthesis

Science is supposed to be cumulative, but scientists only rarely cumulate evidence scientifically. This means that users of research evidence have to cope with a plethora of reports of individual studies with no systematic attempt made to present new results in the context of similar studies. Although the need to synthesize research evidence has been recognized for well over two centuries, explicit methods for this form of research were not developed until the 20th century. The development of methods to reduce statistical imprecision using quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) preceded the development of methods to reduce biases, the latter only beginning to receive proper attention during the last quarter of the 20th century. In this article, the authors identify some of the trends and highlights in this history, to which researchers in the physical, natural, and social sciences have all contributed, and speculate briefly about the “future history” of research synthesis.
A INFLUÊNCIA DO MOVIMENTO E DA VISÃO NA PERCEPÇÃO DE PESO COM INDIVIDUOS VIDENTES E VIDENTES VENDADOS

Este estudo propos em seu delineamento uma investigacao sobre percepcao de peso e sua associacao quanto ao movimento muscular (Dinâmico) em relacao ao nao-movimento (Estatico) e na visualizacao (sem barreira) ou nao-visualizacao (com barreira) em estimulos padronizados em textura, cor e volume, diferenciados em sua massa. Dois tipos de espacamentos foram formados de 2g e 5g. Os resultados apontaram para um julgamento mais fidedigno quando os sujeitos “sem barreira”perceberam os estimulos em relacao aos sujeitos”com barreira”, assim como, sujeitos foram mais confiaveis nos julgamentos “Dinâmicos”, que nos julgamentos “Estaticos”mostrando que ha uma interferencia quanto a visualizacao e o movimento muscular. Quanto aos espacamentos apresentados, sujeitos foram mais confiaveis quando o espacamento era de 2g em relacao ao espacamento de 5g.
Critérios de seleção de experts para estudos de validação de fenômenos de enfermagem

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar os critérios utilizados para seleção de experts nas pesquisas sobre validação de diagnósticos, intervenções ou resultados de enfermagem. Estudo descritivo, realizado a partir de busca em bases de dados/bibliotecas, em junho de 2010, por meio dos descritores Estudos de Validação, Validação de Conteúdo e experts, em português, inglês e espanhol. Inicialmente, realizou-se leitura do título e resumo das produções, sendo selecionadas 31. Posteriormente, fez-se a leitura na íntegra deste material, resultando em três dissertações, quatro teses e onze artigos. Destas, predominaram artigos em inglês, de origem brasileira, publicados em periódicos de enfermagem, com utilização do modelo de Fehring adaptado. Conclui-se que o pesquisador deve direcionar seus critérios aos objetivos do estudo, considerar as limitações da temática, respeitar os requisitos necessários a um expert, usar critérios claros, justificando as razões para utilização de cada um.
Energy classification-assisted fingerprint system for content-based audio copy detection

In recent years, fingerprint systems have been applied more and more widely in content-based audio copy detection. However, in the face of harsh conditions, the performance of traditional systems is insufficient. In this paper, we present an improved fingerprint system oriented towards the Content Based Copy Detection (CBCD) task in TRECVID. We extracted the Sign of Energy Band Differences feature for each audio clip and apply energy binary classification for each frame of the clip, and then applied this feature in the matching algorithm. We also refined the index mechanism and added postprocessing to increase speed and eliminate false alarms. The experimental results show that in the worst case scenario, the recall rate reaches 94.40%, with a precision rate of 100%. The results also indicate that the system is robust against several distortions, and can process audio in real time with its index mechanism.
Enseñanza del pensamiento crítico: Los problemas analíticos en física, desempeño estudiantil

La investigacion sobre ensenanza del pensamiento critico, se ha venido desarrollando desde el ano 2010, desde diferentes perspectivas, siempre pensando en su aporte a la educacion Latinoamericana, en la busqueda de la superacion de la inequidad, desigualdad, pobreza. Aqui se presenta un estudio sobre el desempeno de los estudiantes frente a una situacion problema de caracter analitico, basado en autores como Meirieu (2004), Perkins (2008), Lipman (1997). Observando las verdaderas fallas, buscando contrastarlas con la afirmacion inicial de la que se parte, respecto a las falencias con las que llegan a su primer semestre universitario. Dado que cada contexto es diferente, y que para el caso de Latinoamerica, la educacion constituye la ultima luz de esperanza para mejorar nuestras sociedades, vale la pena investigar la veracidad de tal afirmacion. Se toma como muestra estudiantes de Ingenieria de la Universidad de La Salle y de la Escuela Tecnologica Instituto Tecnico Central de Bogota (ETITC).
How Speakers Agree in English: An Experimental Tool for Analysing Prosody and Gesture Simultaneously in Short Film Sequences of Conversations

Our aim was to develop an experimental methodology, leading to a joint approach to verbal and non-verbal activities in discourse. Authorware provided the suitable authoring environment to design a semi-automatic application, making possible the acquisition of a numerical database of prosodic and kinetic variations in short filmed sequences of dialogue, converted into graphic representations. This method of pluriparametric analysis brings out the interaction between specific intonation patterns and associated explicit kinetic markers. It enlarges our focus of interest from the isolated sentence structure to a wider field of study, involving gestural behaviour associated to prosody, going beyond the word to affect the entire speech act. This study will focus on the complex combination at work in the dynamics of interaction.
Comparative ontogeny, processing, and segmental distribution of the renal chloride channel, ClC-5.

BACKGROUND The renal chloride channel ClC-5, which is responsible for Dent's disease, is coexpressed with the vacuolar H+-ATPase in proximal tubules (PT) and alpha-type intercalated cells (IC) of the mature kidney. Neonatal cases of Dent's disease suggest that ClC-5 distribution must be acquired before birth. However, the ontogeny of ClC-5, and its processing and segmental distribution with respect to related proteins during nephrogenesis remain unknown. METHODS Immunoblotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunostaining, and deglycosylation studies were used to investigate the expression, distribution, and maturation of ClC-5 during mouse and human nephrogenesis, in comparison with H+-ATPase, type II carbonic anhydrase (CAII), and aquaporin-1 (AQP1). RESULTS An early induction (E13.5-E14.5) of ClC-5 was observed in mouse kidney, with persistence at high levels through late nephrogenesis. This pattern contrasted with the progressive expression of H+-ATPase and AQP1, and the postnatal upregulation of CAII. Immunostaining showed expression of ClC-5 in ureteric buds and, from E14.5, its location in developing PT. From E15.5, ClC-5 codistributed with H+-ATPase in PT cells and alpha-type IC. In the human kidney, ClC-5 was detected from 12 gestation weeks; its distribution was similar to that observed in mouse, except for a later detection in IC. Although mouse and human ClC-5 proteins are glycosylated, biochemical differences between fetal and adult proteins were observed in both species. CONCLUSION The segmental expression of ClC-5 and H+-ATPase is essentially achieved during early nephrogenesis, in parallel with the onset of glomerular filtration. These data give insight into PT and IC maturation, and explain early phenotypic variants of Dent's disease.
The pathobiology of mucositis.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the pathogenesis of mucositis, summarize the techniques used to study the condition, and describe the current five-phase model that defines mucositis pathogenesis. DATA SOURCE: Published research articles, ongoing laboratory and clinical studies, and clinical experience. CONCLUSION: Defining the biological mechanisms associated with mucosal injury is critical for effective intervention. Research performed over the past few years has shown that the pathobiology of mucositis is complex, and involves all of the cells and tissues of the mucosa. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: An understanding of this evolving pathobiologic model of mucositis will enable nurses to more effectively assess and manage mucositis.
‘It could be useful, but not for me at the moment’: older people, internet access and e-public service provision

Older people are commonly constructed as a group of heavy users of public services that misses out on opportunities presented online, mainly due to age-related barriers to accessing the internet. Drawing on a study of internet access in sheltered homes for older people, this article argues for the need to focus electronic service provision around the needs, preferences and abilities of the users of public services. A user-centred perspective in e-government and e-service provision requires an understanding of the socially shaped and locally situated nature of media use, which can in turn help prevent the tendency to see chronological age as the sole factor determining (non-) engagement with the internet. It also requires investment in making available assistance and support to access online digital media in order to prevent the disadvantaging of vulnerable service users.
Effect of Ethyl Alcohol on the Dinitrosalicylic Acid Assay for Reducing Sugars

The determination of reducing sugars, especially glucose, is of considerable interest. An assay attributed to Miller using 3,5-dinitrosalicyclic acid (DNS) is widely used but suffers from some limitations. It is, nonetheless, convenient and recommended by the IUPAC Commission on Biotechnology for measuring cellulase activity. We found that 5-10% concentrations of methanol, ethanol, 1and 2-propanol interfered with the DNS assay and gave a positive error (an apparent increase in glucose) when aqueous standards were used for calibrating the assay. For ethanol concentrations beyond about 15%, the assay gave a negative error. In the case of ethanol, this was due to an effect of ethanol on the color-forming reaction as well as a slight effect on the spectral absorbance of the product. Received date: 06/08/2015 Accepted date: 27/08/2015 Published date: 01/09/2015 *For Correspondence: John C. Ford, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Oakland Avenue, Indiana, PA, USA, Tel: +724357-5702 E-mail: jford@iup.edu
Mecanismos de isolamento à luz da resource-based view: publicação brasileira em 2001-2013

O conceito de mecanismos de isolamento tem sido considerado um dos mais importantes no âmbito da RBV, dentre tais mecanismos se destacam ambiguidade causal, dependencia da trajetoria e complexidade social. Esses mecanismos garantem aos recursos protecao contra a imitacao pelos competidores. Embora os mecanismos de isolamento venham sendo objetos de estudos teoricos e empiricos no exterior ha mais de 30 anos, observou-se, a partir de um levantamento bibliometrico da publicacao nacional (congressos e periodicos) Qualis CAPES B2 ou superior, a parca atencao dispensada ao assunto no Brasil. Desse modo, a partir de 35.563 artigos pesquisados no periodo de 2001 a 2013, apenas 31 deles trataram do tema mecanismos de isolamento. Desses trabalhos encontrados na pesquisa terminologica, apenas 07 (sete) revelaram, apos analise de conteudo, ligacao relevante com a RBV. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de desenvolvimento do tema em pesquisas brasileiras, tanto teoricas quanto empiricas.
Severe hypophosphataemia after intravenous iron administration

Iron deficiency is common and can be effectively treated with parenteral iron infusion. We report a case of an iron-deficient and vitamin D-deficient woman who developed severe symptomatic hypophosphataemia following intravenous ferric carboxymaltose administration. We stress the need of increased awareness of this potential complication among physicians. Patients should be informed of this complication and instructed to report for follow-up if they experience new musculoskeletal symptoms or worsening of tiredness. As severe hypophosphataemia is usually symptomatic, we recommend screening symptomatic patients for this complication. Recognising and treating the possible exacerbating factors, especially vitamin D deficiency, might be a simple measure to mitigate this complication.
On Precise Modeling of Regular Replacement

This paper studies the precise modeling of various semantics of regular substitution, such as the declarative, finite, greedy, and reluctant replacement, using finite state transducers (FST) as filters. By projecting an FST of regular replacement to its input/output tapes, we are able to solve atomic string constraints, which can be applied to both the forward and backward image computation in model checking and symbolic execution. We report several interesting discoveries, e.g., certain fragments of the general problem can be handled using less expressive deterministic finite state transducers. A compact representation of FST and the customized algorithms for FST operations are developed. It is shown that the precise modeling of regular replacement can help discover delicate security vulnerabilities of software systems with very few false
A Novel Method to Manufacture Superhydrophobic and Insulating Polyester Nanofibers via a Meso-Porous Aerogel Powder

In this research, waterglass based aerogel powder was prepared by sol–gel process and ambient pressure drying. Inspired by limited dust releasing, aerogel powder was introduced to the PET electrospinning solution in an attempt to create required bulk and surface structure for the nanofibers to improve their hydrophobic and insulation properties. The samples evaluation was carried out by measuring density, porosity, contact angle, heat transfer, FTIR, BET, and SEM. According to the results, porous silica aerogel powder was fabricated with mean pore diameter of 24 nm and contact angle of 145.9o. The results indicated the usefulness of the aerogel powder confined into nanofibers to control surface roughness for manipulating superhydrophobic nanowebs with water contact angle of 147o. It can be due to a multi-scale surface roughness which was created by nanowebs structure itself and nanofibers surface irregularity in presence of the aerogels while a layer of fluorocarbon created low surface energy. The wettability of a solid substrate is an important property that is controlled by both the chemical composition and geometry of the surface. Also, a decreasing trend in the heat transfer was observed from 22% for the nanofibers without any aerogel powder to 8% for the nanofibers with 4% aerogel powder. The development of thermal insulating materials has become increasingly more important than ever in view of the fossil energy depletion and global warming that call for more demanding energysaving practices. Keywords—Superhydrophobicity, Insulation, Sol-gel, Surface energy, Roughness.
Molecular mechanism(s) of action of isoproterenol on the expression of the angiotensinogen gene in opossum kidney proximal tubular cells.

BACKGROUND beta-adrenoceptors are present in the renal proximal tubules. We have previously reported that isoproterenol stimulates the accumulation of intracellular cAMP and the expression of the angiotensinogen (ANG) gene in opossum kidney (OK) proximal tubular cells via the beta 1-adrenoceptor. We hypothesized that the molecular mechanism(s) of action of isoproterenol on the expression of the ANG gene is mediated via the interaction of the phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and the cAMP-responsive element (CRE; that is, ANG N-806/-779) in the 5'-flanking region of the rat ANG gene. METHODS The fusion genes containing the putative ANG-CRE of the rat ANG gene inserted upstream of the rat ANG basal promoter (ANG N-53/+18) fused to a human growth hormone (hGH) gene as reporter were stably cotransfected, with or without the plasmid containing the cDNA for 43 kDa CREB, into the OK cells. The effect of various agonists and antagonists of adrenoceptors on the expression of the fusion genes was evaluated by the amount of immunoreactive hGH secreted into the culture medium. The interactions of OK cellular nuclear protein(s) with the ANG N-806/779 were determined by gel mobility shift assays and by Southwestern and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The addition of isoproterenol, forskolin, or 8-Bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) stimulated the expression of pOGH (ANG N-806/-779/-53/+18) by 135, 150, and 160%, respectively, but not mutants of the ANG N-806/-779. The stimulatory effect of isoproterenol was blocked in the presence of propranolol, Rp-cAMP, and atenolol, but not by the presence of stauro-sporine, U73122, and ICI 118,551. Transient transfection of the plasmid containing the cDNA for the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A further enhanced the stimulatory effect of 43 kDa CREB on the expression of the fusion gene. The gel mobility shift assays revealed the the nuclear protein(s) of OK cells binds to the radioactive-labeled ANG N-806/-779. The binding of the labeled ANG N-806/-779 to the OK cell nuclear protein(s) was displaced by unlabeled ANG N-806/-779, but not by the CRE of the somatostatin gene, the CRE of the tyrosine amino-transferase gene, or the mutants of the ANG N-806/-779. Southwestern blot analysis revealed that the labeled ANG N-806/-779 binds to two nuclear species of 43 and 35 kDa proteins. Western blot analysis, however, revealed that rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the 43 kDa CREB interacted with only the 43 kDa molecular species but not with the 35 kDa species. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that the stimulatory effect of isoproterenol on the expression of the ANG gene may be mediated, at least in part, via the interaction of the phosphorylated CREB and the CRE in the 5'-flanking region of the rat ANG gene. The novel 35 kDa nuclear protein that is immunologically different from the 43 kDa CREB may also play a role in the expression of the ANG gene.
A neuronal network model with homeostatic plasticity for tinnitus generation and its management by sound therapy

Tinnitus is the perception that one hears phantom sound(s) in the ears or in the head without any external source. Sound therapy is one of the most effective techniques for tinnitus treatment that have been proposed. In order to investigate mechanisms of tinnitus generation and the clinical effects of sound therapy, we previously proposed computational and dynamical models with Hebbian or spike-time-dependent plasticity using a neural oscillator or a neuronal network. In the present paper, we propose a neuronal network model with homeostatic plasticity and demonstrate the simulation results of the model. The model is able to replicate the process of tinnitus generation and inhibition of perception of tinnitus by sound therapy.