Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of radiative impact of dust to particle shape: Comparison of spheres and spheroids

The shortwave radiative impacts of dust based on spherical and spheroidal dust particles are compared. For spheroids, two different shape distributions are consid- ered. The size distribution, optical thickness, and the solar zenith angle are varied and the dust is assumed to reside over an ocean. At the top of the atmosphere the radiative impact computed with spheres and spheroids differs by up to 12%.
If the Inventory Manager Knew: Value of Visibility and RFID under Imperfect Inventory Information

Today many companies rely on computerized tracking of inventory. Although computerized inventory tracking is generally assumed to be accurate, in reality, actual on-hand inventory deviates from the inventory record, which distorts the replenishment process and compromises good inventory management. Discrepancy between the inventory record and physical stock has mainly three sources: shrinkage, misplacement and transaction errors. Due to these factors, the actual stock levels are not known with certainty. Therefore, the system fails to order when it should or it carries more inventory than necessary. Periodic inventory audits are the most common approach to maintaining inventory record accuracy. In this paper, we consider a finite horizon, single-item periodic review inventory control problem in which inventory records are inaccurate. Inventory errors accumulate until an inventory count is conducted. After the inventory count, the inventory record is reconciled: error is corrected and all misplaced items are returned to inventory. We explicitly model how different error sources lead to inventory discrepancies. First we determine effective replenishment policies that use information about actual inventory movement and error sources and minimize total expected inventory cost. Next we also determine a replenishment policy that accounts for inventory inaccuracy without having complete visibility to inventory and error sources. By comparing the total cost of using these replenishment policies, we quantify the true value of inventory visibility, as well as the value of elimination or reduction of the sources of inventory discrepancies offered by the latest tracking technologies such as RFID.
Uncertainty quantification in vibration-based damage asse ssment of a seven-story reinforced concrete shear wall building

Localizing and quantifying potential damage in large and complex structures is one of the most challenging problems in developing a robust and reliable structural health monitoring system. Vibrationbased finite element (FE) model updating based on experimentally identified modal parameters (natural frequencies, mode shapes, . . . ) has proven to be a powerful methodology to identify (i.e., detect, localize and quantify) structural damage [1, 2]. However, due to the presence of uncertainties on the identified modal parameters used in model updating and modeling uncertainty, probabilistic damage identification methods are preferable. Such methods must account for pertinent sources of uncertainty, including modeling uncertainty, and express the damage identification results in probabilistic terms.
Large Eddy Simulation of two-phase reacting flows

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is now recognized as an efficient numerical tool to predict gaseous combustion in industrial burners, and a number of examples of applications can be found in the literature. In these examples, the accuracy and the predictive capacity of LES are clearly demonstrated, even for unsteady phenomena. However most industrial burners are fed with liquid fuel and require the description of droplets dispersion, evaporation and burning. The presence of liquid fuel strongly modifies the fuel vapor distribution in the chamber, leading to different flame ignition and stabilisation processes, as well as different flame structures. Extending the LES technique to two-phase reacting flow is therefore crucial to capture and predict the behavior of such burners. This has been done in the code AVBP, coupling an eulerian solver for the liquid spray with a LES solver for the gas flow. This approach allows to work on unstructured grids and therefore to calculate the flow in complex geometries. In the present paper, the main steps of the extension of LES to two-phase flow are described and an example of validation is given. Then the solver is applied to the Vesta combustor of Turbomeca, composed of 18 main burners ignited by two pilot flames. This illustrates the capacity of LES to compute complex two-phase reacting flows in transient regimes. To demonstrate LES efficiency, some results will be shown for a calculation done on the IBM supercomputer BlueGene/L - cited by TOP500 as the world's fastest machine - where the use of 2048 parallel processors has enabled to start computing on the full combustor domain (i.e. 18 main injectors + 2 pilot flames).
From protecting texts to protecting objects in biotechnology and software: a tale of changes of ontological assumptions in intellectual property protection

Abstract Both software and agricultural inventions have recently become patentable. Previously, software was protected by copyright, while agricultural inventions were protected by plant breeders’ rights. Here we argue that legislation on intellectual property is shaped by ontological considerations (i.e. ideas about the object to be protected), and we propose that the introduction of patenting in software and biotechnology marks a change from protecting a text to protecting an object. However, this change rests on outdated assumptions about the relationship between structures and functions in both fields. Such an ontological perspective gives us a deeper understanding of recent transformations in intellectual property regimes.
Combined MEG and fMRI model

modelmagnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is proposed. In the proposed model, MEG and fMRI outputs are related to the corresponding aspects of neural activities in a voxel. Post synaptic potentials (PSPs) and action potentials (APs) are two main signals generated by neural activities. In the model, both of MEG and fMRI are related to the PSPs without any correlation to the APs. Each PSP is modeled by the direction and strength of its current flow, which are treated as random variables. The overall neural activity in each voxel is used for equivalent current dipole in MEG and as input of the extended Balloon model for producing Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signal in fMRI. The proposed model shows possibility of detecting activation by fMRI in a voxel while the voxel is silent for MEG and vice versa. This is according to the fact that fMRI signal reflects the sum of PSPs' strengths (independent of their directions) but MEG signal reflects the vector sum of the PSPs (which depends on their directions). The model also shows that the crosstalk from neural activities of adjacent voxels in fMRI and properties of the inverse problem in MEG generate different spatial responses in the two modalities. We use real auditory MEG and Fmri datasets from 2 normal subjects to estimate the parameters of the model. Goodness of the real data our model shows the possibility of using the proposed model to simulate realistic datasets.
The effect of recessions on firms’ boundaries

The economic theory of the firm offers conflicting predictions of how the two major effects of recessions, changes in demand and access to credit, affect firm boundaries. Using data on Norwegian firms in the recent recession, we find support for both increased and reduced vertical integration of core activities in response to a recessionary shock. Further, we find a negative interaction effect between reductions in access to credit and reductions in demand on insourcing of core activities, but no such effect on outsourcing of core activities. We argue that this finding may highlight a possible explanation for the conflicting theoretical predictions regarding vertical integration in response to demand and credit shocks.
Combined cancer treatment — cooperation between surgeon and oncologist in the treatment of breast , colon and lung cancer

The modern concept of combined therapy for cancer patients leads to an increase in the effectiveness of each single treatment method. Principal condition of modern treatment is the existence of multidisciplinary cancer centers, which have a unified organizational structure and have all the technical means for combined therapy used in oncology. In Poland there are only a few such centers, which makes the establishment of cooperation between doctors involved in the treatment of a patient with cancer difficult, if not impossible. In this situation, it becomes necessary for the standards of oncological treatment to be better known among physicians of various specialities, including surgeons. The surgeon is often the specialist who sees a patient with cancer first and who must not only explain the various therapeutic options to the patient but also select the most appropriate one. In this article the principles of treatment of three most common cancers: breast, colon and lung cancer, in which the operation is an essential, but often insufficient treatment method, were presented.
Tools dedicated to the Electromagnetic Modelling of Power Structures

The aim of this article is to propose a modelling environment including several simulation tools which allows evaluating the electrical parasitic characteristics of components, the current distribution inside power electronics structures or the radiated field. At the end, it is then possible to conclude upon the EMC performances of power converter with its environment inside a complete structure which can be an automotive system and to achieve an expertise of the design.
Estimation of genetic parameters for female fertility traits in the Czech Holstein population

Genetic parameters for fertility traits in Czech Holstein population were estimated. The database obtained from the Czech-Moravian Breeders Corporation with 6 414 486 insemination records between years 2005–2015 was used. Date of calving of the selected animals was taken from the database of milk records from 2005–2015. Fertility traits were age at first service (AFS), age at first calving (AFC), days open (DO), calving interval (CI) and first service to conception interval in cows (FSC-C) and heifers (FSC-H). The heritability of each trait was estimated using single-trait animal models. The model included fixed effects of herd-year-season of birth, herd-year-month of calving, lactation order, parity, last calving ease, linear and quadratic regressions on age at first insemination in heifers or on age at first calving in cows. Random effects were animal, permanent environmental effect and random residual error. After edits, the final data set included up to 599 901 observations from up to 448 037 animals dependent on traits. The range of heritability estimates was from 0.010 to 0.058. The lowest heritability was for first service to conception interval in heifers, and the highest heritability was for age at first service. Variances of random permanent effects were higher than variance of additive genetic effect in all traits manifested in mature cows. Repeatability ranged from 0.060 to 0.090. Genetic correlations between traits were estimated using a bivariate animal model. High positive genetic correlations were found between AFS–AFC, DO–CI, FSC-C–DO and FSC-C–CI. A moderate genetic correlation was found between AFS–FSC-H and between AFC. A negative correlation was found between AFS–FSC-C. Correlations between other traits were close to zero. The results suggest that the level of these reproductive traits can be improved by selection of animals with high genetic merit.
Snakebite Envenoming: A Public Health Perspective

Envenomings by snakebites constitute a highly relevant public health problem on a world wide basis, particularly in tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Latin America (Gutierrez et al., 2006; WHO, 2007a). It affects mostly agricultural workers and their children living in rural settings. Thus, its highest impact occurs in poor and politically underpowered people, thus representing a ‘disease of poverty’ (Harrison et al., 2009) which fulfils the characteristics of a truly neglected tropical disease. Accordingly, the World Health Organization (WHO) incorporated, in 2009, snakebite envenoming in its list of neglected tropical diseases (www.who.int/neglected_disease/diseases/en). Despite the high impact of this pathology in terms of morbidity and mortality in vast regions of the world, it has received little attention from international health agencies and foundations, research agendas, and pharmaceutical companies, even when compared with other neglected diseases which have received a well deserved growing attention over the last decade (Williams et al., 2010). Such low concern for an important disease is due in part to the lack of political voice of the groups affected by snakebites, to the weakening of public health systems in many developing countries, and to the poor documentation of the actual global impact of this problem, which makes the advocacy to confront this neglected disease a difficult task. The present chapter reviews the main features associated with snakebite envenoming and its treatment, and highlights some of the most pressing tasks that need to be undertaken to confront this public health problem.
SCExAO: the first high contrast exoplanet imager on an ELT?

The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) instrument, currently under development for the Subaru Telescope, optimally combines state-of-the-art technologies to study exoplanets and stellar environments at the diffraction limit, both in visible and infrared light (0.6 to 2.4 μm). The instrument already includes an ultra-fast visible pyramid wavefront sensor operating at 3.5 kHz, a 2k-actuator deformable mirror, a set of optimal coronagraphs that can work as close as 1 l/D, a low-order wavefront sensor, a high-speed speckle control loop, and two visible interferometric modules, VAMPIRES and FIRST. After the integration of the integral field spectrograph CHARIS and a Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector (MKID) in 2016, SCExAO will be one of the most powerful and effective tools for characterizing exoplanets and disks. None of the ELTs include a high-contrast imager and spectrograph among the first generation of instruments. To address this, we propose to upgrade SCExAO and deliver it as a first light visitor instrument to the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a decade before the second generation instruments come online. SCExAO’s flexibility assures that it will include the latest technologies when it arrives on TMT, achieving the ultimate goal of characterizing the first terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of M-type stars.
Understanding the concepts of community phylogenetics

Background: Community phylogenetics is an emerging field of research that has made important contributions to understanding community assembly. The rapid development of this field can be attributed to the merging of phylogenetics and community ecology research to provide improved clarity on the processes that govern community structure and composition. Question: What are the major challenges that impede the sound interpretation of the patterns and processes of phylogenetic community assembly? Methods: We use four scenarios to illustrate explicitly how the phylogenetic structure of communities can exist in stable or transient phases, based on the different combinations of phylogenetic relationships and phenotypic traits among co-occurring species. We discuss these phases by implicating a two-way process in the assembly and disintegration of the given ecological community. Conclusions: This paper synthesizes the major concepts of community phylogenetics using habitat filtering and competition processes to elucidate how the understanding of phylogenetic community structure is currently hindered by the dynamics of community assembly and disassembly.
Vegetative, Flowering and Yield of Sweet Pepper as Influencedby Agricultural Practices

A greenhouse experiment was conducted during the season of 2010/2011; at a Station of Princess Tasneem Bent Ghazi for Technological Research in Humrat Al-Sahen; about 15 km from As Salt-Jordan, to compare the effect of four fermented organic matter sources (cattle, poultry and sheep manure in addition to 1:1:1 mixture of the three organic matter sources) in which 4 kg organic matter m were used, with that of the 2 conventional agriculture (chemical fertilizers) treatments on pepper cultivar Marvellogrowth and yield, by using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Obtained results showed that chemical fertilizers increased plant growth (number of leaves/plant, leaf area and plant fresh weight). Otherwise a positive effect of the animal manure were observed on plant dry weight, root per canopy percentage and leaf chlorophyll content. Organic matter accelerated flowering date, while the conventional treatment delayed it. Conventional treatment influenced the total yield per replicate and extended the period of pepper fruit production compared to organic matter treatments.
A National Engagement Model for Developing Computer Science Education in Wales

Computer science education in the United Kingdom has undergone substantial scrutiny, and in England a new computing curriculum has just been introduced. However, in Wales – a devolved nation within the UK – political, geographical and socio-technical issues have hindered any substantive educational policy or curriculum reform for computer science over the past ten years. In this paper we present the activities of Technocamps, a university-based schools outreach programme founded in 2003 and its wider impact on computer science education and teachers in Wales. Furthermore, with imminent curriculum reform, we frame the wider opportunity for sustainably embedding both high-value digital competencies and computer science education – as well as changing the wider public perception and importance of computer science – as a prospective replicable case study of a national engagement model for countries with similar aspirations of becoming digitally confident and capable nations.
MMP-9, MMP-2 Profile in Different Mice Tissues and LPS Induced MMP-9 and MMP-2 Expression in RAW 264.7 Cells, Down Regulated by Emodin Treatment

Emodin, an anthraquinones component of Rheum palmatun, has been used for anti-inflammatory purposes. However, its underlying molecular effect(s) on target c ells remain to be well clarified. our current study was aimed at investigating the regulatory eff ect of Emodin on lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages by gelatin zymography . It was found that treatment of LPS(5µg/ml) for 18 h elevates the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 proteins in RAW 264.7 cells. It was also found that co-treatment of RAW 264.7 with drug Emodin(6µg/ml) and LPS(5µg/ml) for the period of 18 h reduces the expression level of MMP-9 and MMP-2 protein. Our data suggest that Emodin plays roles in regulating the digestion of Extracellular ma trix by down-regulating the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 proteins.
An Interactive Tool for the Optimization of Freeze-Drying Cycles Based on Quality Criteria

Among existing dehydration methods, freeze-drying has unique benefits for the stabilization and preservation of biological activity of pharmaceutical products but remains an expensive and time-consuming process. A user-friendly software tool was developed, allowing for interactive selection of process operating condition profiles in order to maximize process productivity while insuring product quality preservation. The software is based on a dynamic, one-dimensional heat and mass transfer model, which can accurately represent both the primary and secondary drying stages and the gradual transition between them. The model was validated in a wide range of operating conditions: − 25 to + 25°C shelf temperature and 10 to 34 Pa total pressure. By comparing a reference sucrose solution with a formulated pharmaceutical product containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), it is shown that controlling product properties such as glass transition temperature and sorption isotherm can reduce the minimum achievable cycle duration by 12 h (33%).
A Dynamic forecasting model for the Finnish pulp export price

This study investigates the relationship between Finnish sulphate pulp export prices and international pulp inventories using the Johansen cointegration method. Long-run equilibrium is found to exist between pulp price and NORSCAN inventory for the study period, 1980-94. Granger causality is found to exist from inventory to price but not vice versa. A simple short-run forecasting model for the Finnish pulp export price is formed. In preliminary analysis, the explanatory power of model is found to be acceptable but only under stable market conditions.
Indonesian News Harvester and Recommender System

To provide convenience for the user that frequently read the news, a system to gather, classify, and provide news from several news websites in one place was needed. This system utilized a recommender system to provide only relevant news to the user. This research proposed a system architecture that used vector space model, and Rocchio relevance feedback to provide specific news recommendation to user’s feedback. The results are that the proposed system architecture can achieve the goal by using five levels of feedback from the user. However, the time needed to gather news is increasing exponentially in line with the number of terms gathered from articles.
A Facile Microwave Avenue to Electrochemiluminescent Two‐Color Graphene Quantum Dots

With the assistance of microwave irradiation, greenish‐yellow luminescent graphene quantum dots (gGQDs) with a quantum yield (QY) up to 11.7% are successfully prepared via cleaving graphene oxide (GO) under acid conditions. The cleaving and reduction processes are accomplished simultaneously using microwave treatment without additional reducing agent. When the gGQDs are further reduced with NaBH4, bright blue luminescent graphene quantum dots (bGQDs) are obtained with a QY as high as 22.9%. Both GQDs show well‐known excitation‐dependent PL behavior, which could be ascribed to the transition from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) with a carbene‐like triplet ground state. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is observed from the graphene quantum dots for the first time, suggesting promising applications in ECL biosensing and imaging. The ECL mechanism is investigated in detail. Furthermore, a novel sensor for Cd2+ is proposed based on Cd2+ induced ECL quenching with cysteine (Cys) as the masking agent.
Controlling Emotions in Sport

Emotions play a central role in sport performance. Accordingly, it is important that athletes are able to draw on a range of strategies to enhance emotional control. The present paper outlines a number of strategies based on Lazarus’ cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion. Strategies are outlined that aim to change cognitions, resulting in either a more appropriate emotional response or a suppression of the expression of emotion and any maladaptive behavioral consequences. These techniques comprise self-statement modification, imagery, socratic dialogue, corrective experiences, self-analysis, didactic approach, storytelling metaphors and poetry, reframing, cognitive paradox, and use of problem-solving skills. Furthermore, given the changes in physiological arousal accompanying certain emotions, it is also suggested that general arousal control strategies could play an important role in emotional control.