Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hardware/software partitioning for multifunction systems

We are interested in optimizing the design of multifunction embedded systems such as multistandard audio/video codecs and multisystem phones. Such systems run a prespecified set of applications, and any "one" of the applications is selected at a run time, depending on system parameters. Our goal is to develop a methodology for the efficient design of such systems. A key observation underlying our method is that it may not be efficient to design for each application separately. This is attributed to two factors. First, considering each application in isolation can lead to application-specific decisions that do not necessarily lead to the best overall system solution. Second, these applications typically tend to have several commonalities among them, and considering applications independently may lead to inconsistent mappings of common tasks in different applications. Our approach is to optimize jointly across the set of applications while ensuring that each application itself meets its timing constraints. Based on these guiding principles, we formulate, as a codesign problem, the design and synthesis of an efficient hardware-software implementation for a multifunction embedded system. The first step in our methodology is to identify nodes that represent similar functionality across different applications. Such "common" nodes are characterized by several metrics such as their repetitions, urgency, concurrency, and performance/area tradeoff. These metrics are quantified and used by a hardware/software partitioning tool to influence hardware/software mapping decisions. The idea behind this is to bias common tasks toward the same resource as far as possible while also considering preferences and timing constraints local to each application. Further, relative criticality of applications is also considered, and the mapping decisions in more critical applications are allowed to influence those in less critical applications. We demonstrate how this is achieved by modifying an existing partitioning algorithm (GCLP) used to partition single-function systems. Our modified algorithm considers global preferences across the application set as well as the preference of each individual application to generate an efficient overall solution while ensuring that timing constraints of each application are met. The overall result of the system-level partitioning process is 1) a hardware or software mapping and 2) a schedule for execution for each node within the application set. On an example set consisting of three video applications, we show that the solution obtained by the use of our method is 38% smaller than that obtained when each application is considered independently.
Effects of NAMI-A and some related ruthenium complexes on cell viability after short exposure of tumor cells

A series of three ruthenium complexes, i.e. trans-dichlorotetrakisdimethyl-sulfoxide ruthenium(II) (trans-Ru), imidazolium trans-imidazoletetra-chlororuthenate (ICR) and sodium trans-tetramethylensulfoxideisoquinoline-tetrachlororuthenate (TEQU), were studied in vitro in comparison to NAMI-A, a potent ruthenium-based antimetastasis agent. In vitro challenge of TS/A adenocarcinoma or KB oral carcinoma tumor cells with 10−4 M concentration for 1 h evidenced the lack of cytotoxicity of NAMI-A, ICR and trans-Ru, the accumulation of cells in the G2/M pre-mitotic cell phase by NAMI-A and the attachment of tumor cells to the plastic substrate was significantly greater for NAMI-A than for ICR. These data stress that in vitro cytotoxicity is not necessary for in vivo activity of ruthenium antitumor complexes: NAMI-A, ICR and trans-Ru, are in fact known to be active against murine tumors in the mouse system. Rather, TEQU, the compound free of in vivo activity, was the only one to reduce cell growth of in vitro cultured cells. In conclusion, the data on the effects of NAMI-A on in vitro cultured cells show that the increase of cell adhesion properties and the transient cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase are much more relevant than the effects on cell properties relevant to cell growth (i.e. on CD44, CD54 or CD71 antigens) for determining in vivo anti-metastasis activity
High yield production of an inactivated coxsackie B3 adjuvant vaccine with protective effect against experimental myocarditis.

Dilated cardiomyopathy, perhaps chronic postviral fatigue syndrome as well as juvenile diabetes could be triggered by enteroviral infections. The frequency of sudden death after myocarditis and its relationship to enteroviral infections is disputed. Neonatal enteroviral disease is rare, but can be severe. It is also possible that enteroviruses pose a threat to immunocompromised patients, like bone marrow transplant recipients. Consequently, the emergence of chronic enteroviral diseases as a concept, prompted our attempts to produce an enteroviral vaccine. 1. Live attenuated enterovirus strains were previously in some cases shown to be suitable as vaccine candidates. We obtained neutralizing antibody titres ranging from 40-2560 against Coxsackie B3 virus (RD strain). Animals were protected to 90% against challenge infection. 2. Inactivated whole vaccine. We used beta-propiolactone to inactive Coxsackie B3 virus. 74% of the animals survived if the vaccine was prepared with Quil A matrix as adjuvant. The neutralisation antibody titres varied from < 5 to 320. By comparison aluminium hydroxide (p = 0.06) and Freund's adjuvant were inferior (p < 0.01). 3. Subunit vaccines. We have previously used the ISCOM (immunostimulatory complex) technology to produce a Coxsackie B3 subunit vaccine. High levels of neutralizing antibodies were obtained (512)-comparable to natural infection. All animals survived challenge infection after two booster doses with 16 nanogram of the ISCOM preparation. Limiting for this technique was the availability to include sufficient amount of antigenic protein material. In addition to neutralizing antibodies a cellular response might be obtainable. In conclusion we have shown that vaccine can be made against Coxsackie B3 virus with good protective effect and significant neutralisation antibody titre. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A survey of itemset mining

Itemset mining is an important subfield of data mining, which consists of discovering interesting and useful patterns in transaction databases. The traditional task of frequent itemset mining is to discover groups of items (itemsets) that appear frequently together in transactions made by customers. Although itemset mining was designed for market basket analysis, it can be viewed more generally as the task of discovering groups of attribute values frequently cooccurring in databases. Because of its numerous applications in domains such as bioinformatics, text mining, product recommendation, e‐learning, and web click stream analysis, itemset mining has become a popular research area. This study provides an up‐to‐date survey that can serve both as an introduction and as a guide to recent advances and opportunities in the field. The problem of frequent itemset mining and its applications are described. Moreover, main approaches and strategies to solve itemset mining problems are presented, as well as their characteristics are provided. Limitations of traditional frequent itemset mining approaches are also highlighted, and extensions of the task of itemset mining are presented such as high‐utility itemset mining, rare itemset mining, fuzzy itemset mining, and uncertain itemset mining. This study also discusses research opportunities and the relationship to other popular pattern mining problems, such as sequential pattern mining, episode mining, subgraph mining, and association rule mining. Main open‐source libraries of itemset mining implementations are also briefly presented. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1207. doi: 10.1002/widm.1207
Primary Particles and Their Agglomerate Formation as Modifying Risk Factors of Nonfibrous Nanosized Dust

The incidence of certain cancers correlates with the number of dust particles in the air. Nanosized particles differ from coarser particles by their increasing tendency to form agglomerates. The dissociation of biodurable agglomerates after deposition in the alveolar region resulted in a higher toxic potential. Biodurable dusts in the urban and workplace environment were analyzed to determine an effect-relevant exposure parameter. The characterization of the dusts relating to their number of primary particles (Pp) and agglomerates and aggregates (A + A) was performed by electron microscopy. Diesel soot, toner material, and seven further dust samples in the workplace environment are composed of high numbers of nanosized primary particles (<100 nm) per unit mass occurring as larger agglomerates. Primary particles of rock, kaoline, and seven further dusts sampled in the workplace are not nanosized. In a multivariate analysis that predicted lung tumor risk, the mass, volume, and numbers of A + A and Pp per milligram dust were shown to be relevant parameters. Dose-response relationships revealed an increased tumor risk in rats with higher numbers of Pp in nanosized dust, which occurs unintentionally in the environment.
Berberine Reduces Leukocyte Adhesion to Lps-Stimulated Endothelial Cells and Vcam-1 Expression Both In Vivo and In Vitro

Leukocyte adhesion to endothelium plays a critical initiating role in inflammation. Berberine, an anti-inflammatory natural compound, is known to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury and improve survival of endotoxemic animals with mechanism not fully clarified. This study investigated the effects of berberine on the LPS-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion both in vivo and in vitro. We first established an animal model to observe the in vivo LPS-induced adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium of venules in the lung tissue dose-dependently. Pretreatment of LPS-stimulated rats with berberine for 1 h reduced the leukocyte-endothelium adhesion and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in lung. Pretreatment of LPS-stimulated vascular endothelial cells with berberine also dose-dependently decreased the number of adhered THP-1 cells and VCAM-1 expression at both RNA and protein levels. Berberine was further confirmed to inhibit the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of LPS-activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B). These data demonstrated an additional molecular mechanism for the profound anti-inflammatory effect of berberine.
Effects of hypnotic suggestion on pain perception and galvanic skin response.

RECENTLY there has been a revival of interest in clinical applications of hypnosis. At the same time, renewed use of anesthesia induced by hypnotic suggestion has been seen, particularly in the fields of obstetrics and dentistry. Hypnotic anesthesia is especially interesting because of the conflicting and challenging nature of reports in the literature. While there has been considerable progress in psychotherapeutic employment of hypnosis, 1 little has been added to our understanding of its physiological aspects. The literature on the physiology of hypnosis has been recently reviewed by Gorton, 2 whose article serves to emphasize the necessity for considerable controlled experimentation if many disputed points are to be clarified. In 1845 Esdaile 3 performed many minor and major operations, including amputations, using hypnotic anesthesia. He claimed that his patients offered no complaint of pain, lay quietly during the surgical procedures, and failed to show changes in pulse or respiration rate
Longevity and resistance to cold stress in cold‐stress selected lines and their controls in Drosophila melanogaster

Thermal environments can influence many fitness‐related traits including life span. Here, we assess whether longevity in Drosophila melanogaster can experimentally evolve as a correlated response to cold‐stress selection, and whether genotype‐by‐temperature and sex‐by‐temperature interactions are significant components of variation in life span. Three replicated S lines were cold‐stress selected and compared with their respective unselected controls (Clines) in the 16th generation of thermal selection. Cold‐stress resistance exhibited a substantial direct response to selection, and also showed a significant interaction between sex and type of line. Mean longevity exhibited a significant interaction between adult test temperature (14 and 25 °C) and line (with suggestive evidence for increased longevity of S lines when tested at 14 °C), but there was no evidence for increased longevity in S lines at normal temperatures (i.e. 25 °C). Another temperature‐dependent effect was sex‐specific, with males being the longer lived sex at 25 °C but the less long‐lived sex at 14 °C. Additionally, we tested in an exploratory way the relationship between longevity and cold‐stress resistance by also measuring resistance to a prefreezing temperature before and after one generation of longevity selection at 14 °C (selection intensity, i = 1.47 for S lines, and 1.42 for C lines). In this longevity selection, we found that cold‐stress resistance increased by about 6% in S lines and 18% in C lines. However, taken together, the results indicate no simple relationship between longevity and cold‐stress resistance, with genotype‐by‐sex interactions in both traits. Temperature dependent interaction in longevity is apparent between S and C lines, and sex‐specific variation in mean longevity also depends on temperature.
A New Frequency Dependent Approach to Model Validation

In order to have confidence in a model it is necessary to validate it. Different model validation approaches exist. Their difference is based upon the assumptions about the plant and models. Classical validation methods, based on classical model identification (Ljung, 1994; Soderstrom and Stoica, 1989) rely on statistical uncertainty assumptions due to stochastic noise only. On the other hand, control oriented identification methods (Chen and
Heart Rate Variability in the Detection of Scares

To increase a user's satisfaction level when using an entertainment system it is extremely interesting that this system has the ability to obtain feedback from the user in real time. The emotional state of an individual is able to change his physiological systems behaviour. This paper proposes to analyze a physiological signal obtained through the photoplethysmography. The signal is collected using the multiparametric affective gamepad called Emopad. Furthermore, a heuristic is proposed to be implemented on the Emopad, to process and classify moments of scare an individual has while watching a scary video. General Terms Adaptive systems, Affective computing, Detection of Scares.
The trouble with quality filtering based on relative Cramér‐Rao lower bounds

Cramér Rao Lower Bounds (CRLB) have become the standard for expression of uncertainties in quantitative MR spectroscopy. If properly interpreted as a lower threshold of the error associated with model fitting, and if the limits of its estimation are respected, CRLB are certainly a very valuable tool to give an idea of minimal uncertainties in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), although other sources of error may be larger. Unfortunately, it has also become standard practice to use relative CRLB expressed as a percentage of the presently estimated area or concentration value as unsupervised exclusion criterion for bad quality spectra. It is shown that such quality filtering with widely used threshold levels of 20% to 50% CRLB readily causes bias in the estimated mean concentrations of cohort data, leading to wrong or missed statistical findings—and if applied rigorously—to the failure of using MRS as a clinical instrument to diagnose disease characterized by low levels of metabolites. Instead, absolute CRLB in comparison to those of the normal group or CRLB in relation to normal metabolite levels may be more useful as quality criteria. Magn Reson Med 75:15–18, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect and Efficiency of an Embedded Palliative Care Nurse Practitioner in an Oncology Clinic.

PURPOSE To test a simultaneous care model for palliative care for patients with advanced cancer by embedding a palliative care nurse practitioner (NP) in an oncology clinic. METHODS We evaluated the effect of the intervention in two oncologists' clinics beginning March 2014 by using implementation strategies, including use of a structured referral mechanism, routine symptom screening, integration of a psychology-based cancer supportive care center, implementation team meetings, team training, and a metrics dashboard for continuous quality improvement. After 1 year of implementation, we evaluated key process and outcome measures for supportive oncology and efficiency of the model by documenting tasks completed by the NP during a subset of patient visits and time-motion studies. RESULTS Of approximately 10,000 patients with active cancer treated in the health system, 2,829 patients had advanced cancer and were treated by 42 oncologists. Documentation of advance care planning increased for patients of the two intervention oncologists compared with patients of the other oncologists. Hospice referral before death was not different at baseline, but was significantly higher for patients of intervention oncologists compared with patients of control oncologists (53% v 23%; P = .02) over the intervention period. Efficiency evaluation revealed that approximately half the time spent by the embedded NP potentially could have been completed by other staff (eg, a nurse, a social worker, or administrative staff). CONCLUSION An embedded palliative care NP model using scalable implementation strategies can improve advance care planning and hospice use among patients with advanced cancer.
A polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the CCK gene is associated with anorexia nervosa in Dutch patients.

CCK plays an important role in satiety signaling from the gut to the brain and is known as the satiety gene (Moran and Kinzig, 2004). It has been shown that CCK levels are elevated in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients (Phillipp et al, 1991; Tamai et al, 1993); however, no association studies have been reported. We performed a case–control study with five, not previously investigated, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the 30 untranslated region of the CCK gene to test whether variations in the CCK gene region are associated with AN. The study included AN patients (n = 165), all diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisorderIV and all from Dutch origin. The controls were healthy Dutch individuals (n = 283). The DNA was genotyped using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. All SNPs were in Hardy– Weinberg equilibrium in patients and controls. Statistical analysis was performed using the Unphased program and a two-sided Fisher’s exact test.
Sulfur Availability and the SAC1 Gene Control Adenosine Triphosphate Sulfurylase Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

A Chalmydomonas reinhardtii adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sulfurylase cDNA clone (pATS1) was selected by complementing a mutation in the ATP sulfurylase gene (cysD) of Escherichia coli. E. coli cysD strains harboring pATS1 grow on medium containing sulfate as the sole sulfur source and exhibit ATP sulfurylase activity. The amino acid sequence of the C. reinhardtii ATP sulfurylase, derived from the nucleotide sequence of the complementing gene (ATS1), is 25 to 40% identical to that of ATP sulfurylases in other eukaryotic organisms and has a putative transit peptide at its amino terminus. ATP sulfurylase mRNA was present when cells were grown in sulfur-replete medium, but accumulated to higher levels when the cells were exposed to sulfur-limiting conditions. Furthermore, sulfur-stress-induced accumulation of the ATS1 transcript was reduced in a strain defective in SAC1, a gene that is critical for acclimation to sulfur-limited growth.
[Protective Effect of Lycium ruthenicum on Peripheral Blood System Against Radiation Injury in Mice].

OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of Lycium ruthenicum on peripheral blood system against radiation injury in mice. METHODS Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive group and Lycium ruthenicum high dose (8 g/kg), middle dose (4 g/kg) and low dose (2 g/kg)treatment groups that experimented three days after irradiation. In the same way, groups were set at 7 days and 14 days after irradiation respectively. Lycium ruthenicum extract were administered orally to the mice in the three Lycium ruthenicum treatment groups and normal saline were administered orally to the mice in control group and model group for 14 days. Positive group were treated with radioprotective agent amifostine (WR-2721) at 30 min before irradiation. Except control group, mice in other groups received quantity of 5 Gy X-radiation whole body evenly with one time. Hemogram, organ index, DNA, Caspase-3, Caspase-6 and P53 contents were observed at the 3rd, 7th and 14th day after irradiation. RESULTS Lycium ruthenicum significantly increased the total red blood cell count, hemoglobin count, the indexes of spleen and thymus and bone marrow DNA contents (P < 0.05), as well as decreased Caspase-3 and Caspase-6 contents in serum and the expression of P53 in intestinal crypt epithelial cells. CONCLUSION The results showed that Lycium ruthenicum had protective effects on peripheral blood system against radiation injury in mice.
Curriculum vitae of intestinal intraepithelial T cells: their developmental and behavioral characteristics

Summary: The alimentary tract has an epithelial layer, consisting mainly of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), that is exposed to the exterior world through the intestinal lumen. The IEC layer contains many intestinal intraepithelial T cells (IELs), and the total number of IELs constitutes the largest population in the peripheral T‐cell pool. Virtually all γδ‐IELs and many αβ‐IELs in the mouse small intestine are known to express CD8αα homodimers. A wide range of evidence that supports extrathymic development of these CD8αα+ IELs has been collected. In addition, while several studies identified cells with precursor T‐cell phenotypes within the gut epithelium, how these precursors, which are dispersed along the length of the intestine, develop into γδ‐IELs and/or αβ‐IELs has not been clarified. The identification of lymphoid cell aggregations named ‘cryptopatches’ (CPs) in the intestinal crypt lamina propria of mice as sites rich in T‐cell precursors in 1996 by our research group, however, provided evidence for a central site, whereby precursor IELs could give rise to T‐cell receptor‐bearing IELs. In this review, we discuss the development of IELs in the intestinal mucosa and examine the possibility that CPs serve as a production site of extrathymic IELs.
Ambipolar conduction in recessed channel Schottky barrier MOSFETs

The ambipolar conduction is numerically studied in recessed channel Schottky barrier MOSFET (RC-SBMOS). The results show that the recessed channel structure can alleviate the lateral field penetrations coming from drain electrode. Thus, it is rather insensitive to the variations of drain voltages. However, the parasitic recessed channel leads to a lower on-state driving current. The depth of the recessed channel must be well designed to have good current characteristics in RC-SBMOS. Importantly, the recessed channel structure has only a mild effect on suppressing the off-state ambipolar hole current.