Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tempol selectively attenuates angiotensin II evoked vasoconstrictor responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Objective To assess whether superoxide anions mediate vasoconstrictor responses to agonists in blood vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods The effect of the superoxide dismutase mimetic, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinoxyl (tempol), on responses to angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin-1, phenylephrine and potassium chloride was determined in aortic rings and perfused mesenteric vascular beds (MVB) of adult male rats of the Sprague–Dawley, Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) strains. The effect of tempol on Ang II-evoked superoxide production was assessed in aortic rings. Results There were no differences in the maximum tension (Emax) attained in response to agonists, but the negative logarithm of the concentration required to produce 50% of the maximal response (EC50) for Ang II was lower (P < 0.05) in aortic rings of SHRs. In the MVBs of SHRs, the Emax but not the EC50 values attained in response to Ang II, endothelin-1 and phenylephrine were greater. Tempol significantly and selectively reduced the Emax of Ang II in both aorta and MVB preparations with intact endothelium. The reduction in Emax attained in response to Ang II was more pronounced in SHRs (P < 0.01) than in WKY rats (P < 0.05) or Sprague–Dawley rats (P < 0.05). The inhibitory effect of tempol was absent when a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor was included or endothelium was denuded. A significant increase in lucigenin chemiluminescence evoked by Ang II in both intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings of SHRs was abolished when tempol was included in the buffer. Conclusions These data suggest that increased superoxide anions mediate vasoconstrictor responses to Ang II, but not to other agonists, in an endothelium-dependent manner, by quenching vasodilatory mediator, nitric oxide. This may account for the exaggerated vasoconstrictor responses to Ang II in SHRs.
Lung vascular cell proliferation in hyperoxic pulmonary hypertension and on return to air: [3H]thymidine pulse-labeling of intimal, medial, and adventitial cells in microvessels and at the hilum.

The labeling index (LI) of lung vascular intimal (endothelial and precursor smooth muscle, medial (smooth muscle), and adventitial cells (fibroblasts) was in the normal rat and in the rat with pulmonary hypertension caused by breathing high oxygen (87% O2 at normobaric pressure). Cell labeling was assessed during hyperoxia (Days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 28), at the start and end of weaning hyperoxia-adapted rats to air (Days 29 and 35), and 1, 2, and 4 wk after return to breathing air after hyperoxia and weaning (Days 42, 49, and 63). Bursts of intimal, medial, and adventitial cell proliferation different in their timing and extent contribute to lung vascular wall remodelling in these injuries. The Ll of the microvascular fibroblast increased most on Day 4 of hyperoxia (20-fold); it persisted above the normal rate throughout hyperoxia and was high at the start of weaning (greater than 1- less than 2-fold). Two weeks after return to breathing air, it again increased (less than 1-fold). The Ll of the microvascular endothelial cell increased most on Day 7 of hyperoxia (10-fold); it also persisted above the normal rate throughout hyperoxia and at the start of weaning (greater than 2- less than 3-fold) and increased again 2 wk after return to breathing air (6-fold). Labeled precursor cells were not present in the normal lung: they were present on Days 4 and 7 of hyperoxia but not at any other time, including weaning and return to breathing air. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Social fears and social phobia in the USA: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication

Background Despite heightened awareness of the clinical significance of social phobia, information is still lacking about putative subtypes, functional impairment, and treatment-seeking. New epidemiologic data on these topics are presented from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Method The NCS-R is a nationally representative household survey fielded in 2001–2003. The World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) was used to assess 14 performance and interactional fears and DSM-IV social phobia. Results The estimated lifetime and 12-month prevalence of social phobia are 12.1% and 7.1% respectively. Performance and interactional fears load onto a single latent factor, and there is little evidence for distinct subtypes based either on the content or the number of fears. Social phobia is associated with significant psychiatric co-morbidity, role impairment, and treatment-seeking, all of which have a dose–response relationship with number of social fears. However, social phobia is the focus of clinical attention in only about half of cases where treatment is obtained. Among non-co-morbid cases, those with the most fears were least likely to receive social phobia treatment. Conclusions Social phobia is a common, under-treated disorder that leads to significant functional impairment. Increasing numbers of social fears are associated with increasingly severe manifestations of the disorder.
Transfer of L-type Calcium Channel IVS6 Segment Increases Phenylalkylamine Sensitivity of (*)

Conditioned (“use-dependent”) inhibition by phenylalkylamines (PAAs) is a characteristic property of L-type calcium (Ca) channels. To determine the structural elements of the PAA binding domain we transferred sequence stretches of the pore-forming regions of repeat III and/or IV from the skeletal muscle α subunit (α) to the class A α subunit (α) and expressed these chimeras together with β and α/ subunits in Xenopus oocytes. The corresponding barium currents (I) were tested for PAA sensitivity during trains of depolarizing test pulses (conditioned block). I of oocytes expressing the α subunit were only weakly inhibited by PAAs (less than 10% conditioned block of I during a 100-ms pulse train of 0.1 Hz). Transfer of the transmembrane segment IVS6 from α to α produced an enhancement of PAA sensitivity of the resulting α/α chimera comparable to L-type α subunits (about 35% conditioned block of I during a 100-ms pulse train of 0.1 Hz). Our results demonstrate that substitution of 11 amino acids within the segment IVS6 of α with the corresponding residues of α is sufficient to transfer L-type PAA sensitivity into the low sensitive class A Ca channel.
Discriminative use of SPECT in frontal lobe-type dementia versus (senile) dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

UNLABELLED Dementia of the Alzheimer's type [(S)DAT] and dementia with frontal features (FLD) are nosological entities with different prognoses and presumed pathophysiology. There is a need for noninvasive differential diagnostic tools. To evaluate whether SPECT perfusion imaging could discriminate between these neurodegenerative disorders, we performed a comparative study. METHODS SPECT scans using 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) of 21 patients with FLD were compared with those obtained in a group of 19 age- and severity-matched patients suffering from (S)DAT. Brain SPECT perfusion deficits were scored by visual qualitative analysis with respect to location, lateralization and severity. A total severity score of cerebral hypoperfusion (maximal value = 18) was calculated by adding all severity scores (scored between 0 and 3; 0 = no perfusion deficit; 1 = 13%-30% hypoperfusion; 2 = 30%-50%, hypoperfusion and 3 = > 50% hypoperfusion including breaching of the cortex) for right and left frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. Moreover, bifrontal hypoperfusion (Fa) was scored, yielding a value between 0 and 6 by adding the two frontal severity scores. RESULTS No significant correlation was found between MMSE scores and total severity scores on SPECT. A statistically significant correlation was found between the Middelheim frontality score and frontal severity score. Statistically more significant bilateral hypoperfusion of the parietal lobes was found in the (S)DAT group. Conversely, bifrontal hypoperfusion was found more in the FLD group. Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified the severity of bifrontal hypoperfusion as the most significant contributing parameter to correctly classifying (S)DAT versus FLD on SPECT. The probability of predicting (S)DAT based on the SPECT scan is calculated with the following formula: [equation: see text] Using this equation, a value above 0.5 was predictive for (S)DAT and a calculated value under 0.5 was predictive for FLD. Using this model, 81% of the FLD group and 74% of the (S)DAT were correctly classified. CONCLUSION Technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT may help in discriminating FLD from (S)DAT. Bifrontal hypoperfusion was found to be the most powerful predictor of clinical classification. Further validation of the presented logistic regression model is warranted.
Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Following Infliximab Infusion

Infliximab, a chimeric human/murine monoclonal antibody directed against the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha, is an effective therapy for Crohn's disease (CD) and rheumatoid arthritis refractory to standard medical treatment. We report a case of adult respiratory distress syndrome associated with infliximab therapy. A 33-year-old white male presented with an exacerbation of CD and was treated with his second infliximab infusion (15 months following the first infusion). Within 7 days he developed arthralgias, myalgias, and fever, followed by respiratory failure. He required intubation and mechanical ventilation. Open lung biopsy demonstrated eosinophilic pneumonia. Human antichimeric antibodies were present at high concentrations. An extensive investigation for infectious etiologies was negative. The patient was treated with intravenous corticosteroids, and fully recovered after a prolonged hospitalization. We review the infectious and immunologic complications of infliximab.
An asset-building agenda for the twenty-first century: giving families something to live for

ABSTRACT Though studies have clearly illustrated that education is one of the primary paths to upward mobility, a growing body of research is beginning to show that the returns on education are determined more by initial wealth than innate ability and exerted effort in school. This accounting directly contradicts Americans’ understanding of the promise of the American Dream: a level playing field and a path towards a more prosperous future. Currently, this contradiction goes largely unchecked by researchers because of their reluctance to engage in a discussion about values. As a result, the mere discussion of wealth transfer, a policy about thriving, is seen as taboo, and we are left with conversations about how to provide the poor with enough merely to survive. However, in this paper, the conversation about wealth transfer is revived and articulated as an American idea consistent with American values. It goes on to offer Children’s Savings Accounts, in combination with a substantial progressive wealth transfer into these accounts, as a means of leveling the playing field and restoring education as an equalizer in society.
A complex modulo-and-forward strategy for two-way relay systems

Relays have become increasingly important components in modern wireless communication systems. We consider an amplify-and-forward-based two-way relay scenario where the two end terminals employ two-dimensional modulations. We propose a complex modulo-and-forward strategy to improve the energy efficiency of the relay station. This improvement comes about by the ability of the complex modulo operation to reduce the relay transmission power while maintaining the error performance at the terminal nodes. The amount of reduction in relay transmission power is evaluated for QAM modulations. When the two channel coefficients between the two terminal nodes and the relay have equal magnitude, a reduction close to 3 dB can be realized, depending on the modulation order. The transmission performance is verified in terms of QAM symbol error rates.
Energy-information-recovery low-power flip-flop based on three-phase-clock and its application

By analyzing the low power and stability of circuits, this paper presents a low power adiabatic circuit to be able to recover it's information as well as it's energy using a three-phase-clock, where the energy is recovered after the negative edge of the clock, and then the information is recovered after the positive edge of the clock. By calculating the error and correcting deviation, this paper proposes a stable energy-information-recovery low-power sequential circuit for decimal division. The above adiabatic circuit is verified through PSPICE simulation.
The tympanic membrane: a biochemical updating of structural components.

A cross-section of the tympanic membrane is discussed at the molecular level. Actually, the tympanic membrane can be described as a continuation of a vast number of structural proteins and molecular interactions. The epidermal layer is subject to soft keratinization, a differentiation process implying the genesis of a chemically resistant cell matrix (cytokeratins, filaggrin) and cornified membrane (involucrin, keratolinin, loricrin, transglutaminase). The epidermis is anchored in the connective tissue by means of hemidesmosomes whose biochemical nature begun to be elucidated rapidly in recent years. Of the first importance are the HD1 inner plaque protein, supposed to be associated with intermediate filaments, and the transmembrane components in the dense plaque (BPAG2 and alpha 6 beta 4 integrin), whose extracellular domains directly interact with basement membrane components. Though the complete characterization of the basement membrane has not yet been achieved, the molecular catalogue of its three distinct layers is really impressive (laminin, fibronectin, nidogen, kalinin, K-laminin, type IV collagen, heparan sulphate proteoglycan, type III and VII collagen, .). Besides numerous mutual interactions, it appears that mainly laminin and kalinin (anchoring filaments) promote binding of epidermal cells. Furthermore, a continuation may exist between anchoring fibrils in the deepest layer and anchoring filaments in the upper layer of the basement membrane. Finally, the lamina propria, a specific type of extracellular matrix, is perhaps the most difficult to dissect, though substantial progress has been made in the last few years (fibronectin, type I, III, V and VI collagen, fibrillin, .).
ZRIC (Zigzag routing inside cluster) energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are basically used for monitoring and sensing of environments and used both for civil and military applications. It consists of small devices called sensors (nodes). Each sensor has a limited battery power and once deployed, become inaccessible to user, and thus replacement of energy source becomes infeasible. There are different routing protocols defined to reduce energy consumption, and increase network life time. Some of them are LEACH, LEACH-C, PEGASIS, TEEN and BCDCP. We are optimizing BCDCP to reduce its limitations and make it more efficient. For this purpose we propose ZRIC. This is a theoretical framework and completely cluster based model. It reduces power consumption and decrease the distance between sender and receiver by following the spanning tree path for data transmission.
A Transmit/Receive Radiofrequency Array for Imaging the Carotid Arteries at 7 Tesla: Coil Design and First In Vivo Results

Objective:To develop a transmit/receive radiofrequency (RF) array for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the carotid arteries at 7 T. The prototype is characterized in numerical simulations and bench measurements, and the feasibility of plaque imaging at 7 T is demonstrated in first in vivo images. Materials and Methods:The RF phased array coil consists of 8 surface loop coils. To allow imaging of both sides of the neck, the RF array is divided into 2 coil clusters, each with 4 overlapping loop elements. For safety validation, numerical computations of the RF field distribution and the corresponding specific absorption rate were performed on the basis of a heterogeneous human body model. To validate the coil model, maps of the transmit B1+ field were compared between simulation and measurement. In vivo images of a healthy volunteer and a patient (ulcerating plaque and a 50% stenosis of the right internal carotid artery) were acquired using a 3-dimensional FLASH sequence with a high isotropic spatial resolution of 0.54 mm as well as using pulse-triggered proton density (PD)/T2-weighted turbo spin echo sequences. Results:Measurements of the S-parameters yielded a reflection and isolation of the coil elements of better than −18 and −13 dB, respectively. Measurements of the g-factor indicated good image quality for parallel imaging acceleration factors up to 2.4. A similar distribution and a very good match of the absolute values were found between the measured and simulated B1+ transmit RF field for the validation of the coil model. In vivo images revealed good signal excitation of both sides of the neck and a high vessel-to-background image contrast for the noncontrast-enhanced 3-dimensional FLASH sequence. Imaging at 7 T could depict the extent of stenosis, and revealed the disruption and ulcer of the plaque. Conclusions:This study demonstrates that 2 four-channel transmit/receive RF arrays for each side of the neck is a suitable concept for in vivo MRI of the carotid arteries at 7 Tesla. Further studies are needed to explore and exploit the full potential of 7 T high-field MRI for carotid atherosclerotic plaque imaging.
PENGARUH KURS RUPIAH, BI RATE, NET FOREIGN FUND DAN INDEKS DOW JONES TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN (Studi Pada Periode Pemberlakuan Quantitative Easing Federal Reserve)

This type of research is a research eksplanatif by quantitative approach. This study uses monthly time series data from the Quatitative Easing period from November 2008 to October 2014 with total sample as many as 72. This research analyses using SPSS program 23. Data analysis techniques used in this research is using multiple linear regression analysis. Simultaneous result in this research indicate that there is significant influene between the dependent variable Rupiah Exchange Rate, BI Rate, Net Foreign Fund, and Dow Jones Index against the independent variables namely Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan. Thr result of this research show that Rupiah Exchange Rate, BI Rate, Net Foreign Fund and Dow Jones Index account for 79.3% against the composite stock price index value. While the rest is influenced by other factors not discussed from this research. Partial test results show thath Rupiah Exchange Rate has a significant negative influence on IHSG and Dow Jones have positively influence significantly to IHSG, while BI Rate and Net Foreign Fund have negatively influence insignificant against IHSG. Kеywords: Rupiah Exchange Rate, BI Rate, Net Foreign Fund, Dow Jones Index, Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan. АBSTRАK Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplanatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data time series bulanan pada periode terjadinya Quantitative Easing dari November 2008 hingga Oktober 2014 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 72. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan program SPSS 23. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil uji simultan pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi pengaruh yang signifikan antara variabel dependen yaitu Kurs Rupiah, Bi Rate , Net Foreign Fund dan Indeks Dow Jones terhadap variabel independen yaitu Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variable Kurs Rupiah, BI Rate , Net Foreign Fund , Indeks Dow Jones berkontribusi sebesar 79,3% terhadap nilai Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan. Sementara sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak dibahas dari penelitian ini. Hasil uji parsial menunjukkan bahwa Kurs Rupiah memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan dan Indeks Dow Jones memiliki pengaruh secara positif signifikan terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan sedangkan BI Rate dan Net Foreign Fund memiliki pengaruh secara negatif tidak signifikan terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan. Kаtа Kunci: Kurs Rupiah, BI Rate , Net Foreign Fund, Indeks Dow Jones, Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan
Methane as Fuel for Anaerobic Microorganisms

Methane has long been known to be used as a carbon and energy source by some aerobic alpha‐ and delta‐proteobacteria. In these organisms the metabolism of methane starts with its oxidation with O2 to methanol, a reaction catalyzed by a monooxygenase and therefore restricted to the aerobic world. Methane has recently been shown to also fuel the growth of anaerobic microorganisms. The oxidation of methane with sulfate and with nitrate have been reported, but the mechanisms of anaerobic methane oxidation still remains elusive. Sulfate‐dependent methane oxidation is catalyzed by methanotrophic archaea, which are related to the Methanosarcinales and which grow in close association with sulfate‐reducing delta‐proteobacteria. There is evidence that anaerobic methane oxidation with sulfate proceeds at least in part via reversed methanogenesis involving the nickel enzyme methyl‐coenzyme M reductase for methane activation, which under standard conditions is an endergonic reaction, and thus inherently slow. Methane oxidation coupled to denitrification is mediated by bacteria belonging to a novel phylum and does not involve methyl‐coenzyme M reductase. The first step in methane oxidation is most likely the exergonic formation of 2‐methylsuccinate from fumarate and methane catalyzed by a glycine‐radical enzyme.
Defence mechanisms against insecticides temephos and diflubenzuron in the mosquito Aedes caspius: the P‐glycoprotein efflux pumps

Abstract P‐glycoproteins (P‐gps) are efflux transporters found in cells of a broad range of both procaryotic and eukaryotic taxa, whose action is to relieve the cells of multiple, structurally dissimilar, toxic compounds. The possible role of P‐gps in defence against the insecticides temephos and diflubenzuron was investigated in the mosquito Aedes caspius (Pallas), also known as Ochlerotatus (Aedes) caspius (Diptera: Culicidae), and the genomic DNA sequences encoding for P‐gp transporters were isolated to provide molecular instruments for future research into the expression and characterization of genes codifying for P‐gps in this mosquito species.