Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MULTIPATH TRUST BASED FRAMEWORK FOR PREVENTION OF BLACKHOLE ATTACK IN MANETS

Due to its self-organizing nature the Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are successfully able to provide a great channel for communication anywhere, anytime in absence of any centralized infrastructure and have a huge potential in actual applications like, in the military, rescue and commercial fields. However, due to its dynamic nature the network they are susceptible to different type of attacks which can hinder smooth functioning of the network. The standard routing protocols for MANETs do not perform well in the presence of nodes that intentionally drop data packets, one such malevolent behavior is launched by blackhole nodes. In this paper, we propose a new protocol Enhanced Secure Trusted AODV (ESTA) to cope with the problem of presence of such nodes in network. ESTA is extension of on the broadly used reactive protocol Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV). The proposed protocol is multiple path approach combined with the use of trust to eliminate the corrupt paths. The NS-3 based simulation results present that the proposed protocol is efficiently able to thwart the effect of the blackhole attack in different scenarios and proves to increase the ratio of successfully delivered data packets significantly.
Comparative Analysis of Twelve Genomes of Three Novel Group 2c and Group 2d Coronaviruses Reveals Unique Group and Subgroup Features

ABSTRACT Twelve complete genomes of three novel coronaviruses—bat coronavirus HKU4 (bat-CoV HKU4), bat-CoV HKU5 (putative group 2c), and bat-CoV HKU9 (putative group 2d)—were sequenced. Comparative genome analysis showed that the various open reading frames (ORFs) of the genomes of the three coronaviruses had significantly higher amino acid identities to those of other group 2 coronaviruses than group 1 and 3 coronaviruses. Phylogenetic trees constructed using chymotrypsin-like protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, spike, and nucleocapsid all showed that the group 2a and 2b and putative group 2c and 2d coronaviruses are more closely related to each other than to group 1 and 3 coronaviruses. Unique genomic features distinguishing between these four subgroups, including the number of papain-like proteases, the presence or absence of hemagglutinin esterase, small ORFs between the membrane and nucleocapsid genes and ORFs (NS7a and NS7b), bulged stem-loop and pseudoknot structures downstream of the nucleocapsid gene, transcription regulatory sequence, and ribosomal recognition signal for the envelope gene, were also observed. This is the first time that NS7a and NS7b downstream of the nucleocapsid gene has been found in a group 2 coronavirus. The high Ka/Ks ratio of NS7a and NS7b in bat-CoV HKU9 implies that these two group 2d-specific genes are under high selective pressure and hence are rapidly evolving. The four subgroups of group 2 coronaviruses probably originated from a common ancestor. Further molecular epidemiological studies on coronaviruses in the bats of other countries, as well as in other animals, and complete genome sequencing will shed more light on coronavirus diversity and their evolutionary histories.
Psychophysiological responses to emotions of others in young children with autism spectrum disorders: Correlates of social functioning

Studying cognitive and affective mechanisms of social behavior could lead to identifying early indicators of derailing social behavior in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The present study combined sensitive and objective techniques, such as eyetracking and psychophysiology, to provide insight into early neurodevelopmental mechanisms that are more difficult to uncover when relying on behavioral measures. Social attention towards faces and changes in affective arousal were investigated together in 28 young children with ASD (42–75 months) and 45 nonclinical controls (41–81 months). Children were shown a social‐emotional video clip while eyetracking and heart rate were measured. Children with ASD fixated less on key social‐emotional features within the clip as compared to controls, even though both groups attended equally toward the screen. In contrast to the control group, children with ASD did not show an increase or modulation in affective arousal in response to the social‐emotional scenes. Severity of ASD symptoms, specifically social problems, was associated with arousal modulation and social attention within the ASD group. Early ASD symptoms are associated with impairments in fundamental building blocks of social behavior as expressed in a lack in spontaneous social attention and affective arousal. Such sensitive and objective measures of underlying mechanisms might serve as indicators for tailored approaches in treatment and may help in evaluating effectiveness of early interventions aimed at positively influencing social development and related quality of life in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1499–1509. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Why Hydroxamates May Not Be the Best Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors—What Some May Have Forgotten or Would Rather Forget?

Hydroxamate‐based histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have been approved as therapeutic agents by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in oncology applications. While the potential utility of such HDACIs in other areas of medicinal chemistry is tremendous, there are significant concerns that “pan‐HDAC inhibitors” may be too broadly acting and/or toxic for clinical use beyond oncology. In addition to the isozyme selectivity challenge, the potential mutagenicity of hydroxamate‐containing HDAC inhibitors represents a major hindrance in their application to other therapeutic areas. Herein we report on the mutagenicity of known hydroxamates, discuss the mechanisms responsible for their genotoxicity, and review some of the current alternatives to hydroxamates. We conclude that the hydroxamate group, while providing high‐potency HDACIs, is not necessarily the best zinc‐binding group for HDACI drug discovery.
A New Approach for Combining Knowledge From Multiple Coexpression Networks of MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are known to have critical functions across various biological processes. Simultaneous activities of multiple miRNAs can be monitored from their expression profiles under various conditions. We often build up coexpression networks from such profiles. Unfortunately, due to the change of experimental setups (or conditions), the expression profiles do change, and consequently, the patterns of the coexpression networks vary. To obtain a robust functional relationship between miRNAs, by integrating different coexpression networks in a systems biology approach, we have to combine them properly. Here, we evaluate the state-of-the-art techniques and propose a novel integrative measure, and a corresponding methodology, that might be useful for identifying the dependence between coexpression and functional similarity. We establish the results by evaluating the expression profiles of miRNAs taken from bone marrow samples of patients with leukemia. The findings highlight the potential of the integrative algorithm in analyzing the expression profiles of miRNAs for further study.
Traffic Congestion Analysis Using Highway OD Tollgate Data

Traffic congestion analysis is always of great interest for administrators of highway networks, as well as for the drivers. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to evaluate the congestion of each highway road section based on real-world tollgate OD (Origin to Destination) data in Beijing highway network of China as an example. We propose the concept of the congestion index that measures the traffic intensity on both the section and road-level, which can be applied directly in different toll highway networks. A case study on the daily congestion pattern for Beijing highway roads was carried out, and a number of traffic congestion patterns are identified in this study.
Enhanced activation of Akt and extracellular‐regulated kinase pathways by simultaneous occupancy of Gq‐coupled 5‐HT2A receptors and Gs‐coupled 5‐HT7A receptors in PC12 cells

The most commonly prescribed antidepressants, the serotonin (5‐HT) selective reuptake inhibitors, increase 5‐HT without targeting specific receptors. Yet, little is known about the interaction of multiple receptor subtypes expressed by individual neurons. Specifically, the effect of increases in cAMP induced by Gs‐coupled 5‐HT receptor subtypes on the signaling pathways modulated by other receptor subtypes has not been studied. We have, therefore, examined the activation of the extracellular‐regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt pathways by Gs‐coupled 5‐HT7A receptors and Gq‐coupled 5‐HT2A receptors, which are co‐expressed in discrete brain regions. Agonists for both receptors were found to activate ERK and Akt in transfected PC12 cells. 5‐HT2A receptor‐mediated activation of the two pathways was found to be Ca2+‐dependent. In contrast, 5‐HT7A receptor‐mediated activation of Akt required increases in both [cAMP] and intracellular [Ca2+], while activation of ERK was inhibited by Ca2+. The activation of ERK and Akt stimulated by simultaneous treatment of cells with 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT7A receptor agonists was found to be at least additive. Cell‐permeable cAMP analogs mimicked 5‐HT7A receptor agonists in enhancing 5‐HT2A receptor‐mediated activation of ERK and Akt. A role was identified for the cAMP–guanine exchange factor, Epac, in this augmentation of ERK, but not Akt, activation. Our finding of enhanced activation of neuroprotective Akt and ERK pathways by simultaneous occupancy of 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT7A receptors may also be relevant to the interaction of other neuronally expressed Gq‐ and Gs‐coupled receptors.
A Library Booking Policy Based on Stocking Theory

This paper puts forward a new booking policy based on data mining technology and stocking theory. The main idea is to analysis web logs of the library system by data mining theory to get what kinds of books are students’ interests most and then analysis these books by stocking theory to get the best booking policy. At the last part of this paper, an example is given to illuminate the availability of this new policy.
Alteration in Host Cell Tropism Limits the Efficacy of Immunization with a Surface Protein of Malaria Merozoites

ABSTRACT Immunization with Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein-8 (PyMSP-8) has been shown to protect mice against lethal P. yoelii 17XL malaria. Here we demonstrate that PyMSP-8-specific antibodies preferentially suppress P. yoelii 17XL growth in mature erythrocytes compared to growth in reticulocytes and do not suppress the growth of nonlethal P. yoelii 17X, a parasite that primarily replicates in reticulocytes. The protection against normocyte-associated P. yoelii malaria parasites is mediated by antibodies that recognize conformational epitopes of PyMSP-8 that are nonpolymorphic. We examined changes in gene expression in reticulocyte-restricted P. yoelii 17XL parasites that escaped neutralization by PyMSP-8-specific antibodies using P. yoelii DNA microarrays. Of interest, Pymsp-8 gene expression decreased, while the expression of msp-1, msp-7, and several rhoptry protein genes increased. Breakthrough parasites also exhibited increases in the expression of a subset of yir and Pyst-a genes that are predicted to encode polymorphic antigens expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes. These data suggest that changes in the expression of parasite proteins expressed on the merozoite surface, as well as the surface of infected erythrocytes, may alter host cell tropism and contribute to the ability of malaria parasites to evade merozoite-specific, neutralizing antibodies.
Noise Cancellation in Partial Discharge Measurement Signal using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems ( ANFIS )

This paper presents application of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) for noise cancellation in partial discharge measurement signal which was detected by current transducer. The measurable output noisy partial discharge with 1dB, -1dB, 5dB, and 10 dB SNR level is defined as the contaminated signal of the interference to compare with the output data of the filter. The white noise source is acquired as the input. The ANFIS uses a hybrid learning algorithm to identify parameters of Sugeno-type fuzzy inference systems. It applies a combination of the least-squares method and the back propagation gradient descent method for training FIS membership function parameters to emulate a given training data set. Finally, after training, the ANFIS output is demonstrated. Then the estimated information signal is calculated as the difference between the measured signal and the estimated interference. The ANFIS could do a practically superior situation in adaptive de-noising of PD signal. Key-Words: Noise Cancellation, Partial Discharge Signal, ANFIS,
The Structure, Location, and Function of Perlecan, a Prominent Pericellular Proteoglycan of Fetal, Postnatal, and Mature Hyaline Cartilages*

The aim of this study was to immunolocalize perlecan in human fetal, postnatal, and mature hyaline cartilages and to determine information on the structure and function of chondrocyte perlecan. Perlecan is a prominent component of human fetal (12-14 week) finger, toe, knee, and elbow cartilages; it was localized diffusely in the interterritorial extracellular matrix, densely in the pericellular matrix around chondrocytes, and to small blood vessels in the joint capsules and perichondrium. Aggrecan had a more intense distribution in the marginal regions of the joint rudiments and in para-articular structures. Perlecan also had a strong pericellular localization pattern in postnatal (2-7 month) and mature (55-64 year) femoral cartilages, whereas aggrecan had a prominent extracellular matrix distribution in these tissues. Western blotting identified multiple perlecan core protein species in extracts of the postnatal and mature cartilages, some of which were substituted with heparan sulfate and/or chondroitin sulfate and some were devoid of glycosaminoglycan substitution. Some perlecan core proteins were smaller than intact perlecan, suggesting that proteolytic processing or alternative splicing had occurred. Surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation experiments demonstrated that chondrocyte perlecan bound fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1 and -9 less efficiently than endothelial cell perlecan. The latter perlecan supported the proliferation of Baf-32 cells transfected with FGFR3c equally well with FGF-1 and -9, whereas chondrocyte perlecan only supported Baf-32 cell proliferation with FGF-9. The function of perlecan therefore may not be universal but may vary with its cellular origin and presumably its structure.
Oil–water separation property of polymer-contained wastewater from polymer-flooding oilfields in Bohai Bay, China

In this study, the effects of gravitational settling time, temperature, speed and time of centrifugation, flocculant type and dosage, bubble size and gas amount were investigated. The results show that the simple increase in settling time and temperature is of no use for oil–water separation of the three wastewater samples. As far as oil–water separation efficiency is concerned, increasing centrifugal speed and centrifugal time is highly effective for L sample, and has a certain effect on J sample, but is not valid for S sample. The flocculants are highly effective for S and L samples, and the oil–water separation efficiency increases with an increase in the concentration of inorganic cationic flocculants. There exist critical reagent concentrations for the organic cationic and the nonionic flocculants, wherein a higher or lower concentration of flocculant would cause a decrease in the treatment efficiency. Flotation is an effective approach for oil–water separation of polymer-contained wastewater from the three oilfields. The oil–water separation efficiency can be enhanced by increasing floatation agent concentration, flotation time and gas amount, and by decreasing bubble size.
Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic ( ARCH ) Family of Models for Describing Volatility

Well-known Box-Jenkins Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) methodology has virtually dominated analysis of time-series data, particularly during the period 1930-‘80. However, one limitation of this methodology is that it is not capable of modelling those data sets that depict volatility. Fortunately, to this end, Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (ARCH) families of parametric nonlinear time-series models have been proposed during last two decades or so. Various aspects of these models are thoroughly discussed. Estimation procedure for fitting ARCH models is also described. Modelling and forecasting of volatile black pepper price time-series data is carried out. An extension of ARCH family to incorporate the effect of regressor in mean and variance equations is also considered. Details for application of AR(p)-ARCHin-Mean model to describe volatility in onion price time-series data are provided. In the end, some extensions, like Generalized ARCH (GARCH), and Threshold ARCH (TARCH), are briefly mentioned.
Old and new explanations of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse

On November 7, 1940, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge (TNB) collapsed and a movie [1] testifies this amazing event. The wind was blowing at approximately 80 km/h and, without any intermediate stage, a violent destructive torsional oscillation started. These oscillations were already seen in other bridges before 1940, see Section 4.3 in [2] and Section 2 in [3]. Natural questions arising from the TNB collapse and from similar failures are the following [p.53,2]: how could a span designed to withstand 161 km/h winds succumb under a wind of less than half that velocity? how could horizontal wind forces be translated into dynamic vertical and torsional motion? The answer to the first question appears fairly simple. The bridge was ready to withstand 161 km/h wind provided that the oscillation would have been longitudinal. But since unexpected torsional oscillations appeared, this considerably lowered the critical speed of the wind. The Report [4] considers the crucial event in the collapse to be the sudden change from a vertical to a torsional mode of oscillation. Therefore, the two above questions reduce to the following: why do torsional oscillations appear suddenly in suspension bridges? Many attempts to explain the TNB collapse have been made but, after 73 years, a full explanation of the reasons of the collapse is not available, see again [2]. In the next section we survey some of these attempts and we explain why they fail to answer to the above question. Then we recall the model suggested in [5], we complement it with some new numerical results, and we explain how it may be used to give a satisfactory answer.
Is usage more than usage after all ?

This paper combines the findings of a detailed corpus study and the results of a small-scale experiment in an attempt to support the idea that grammatical knowledge includes knowledge of usage patterns. The linguistic structures investigated are English not that sentences of the type Other people have friends. I have enemies. Not that I care (example taken from the British National Corpus). An in-depth investigation of 1,759 uses of this structure extracted from the British National Corpus reveals that neither their lexico-grammatical environments nor the pragmatic functions they serve are distributed in a random or unpredictable way, but rather pattern to an astonishing extent. This finding prompts the question as to whether the observed patterns are merely a matter of repeated usage driven by recurring pragmatic needs, or instead are represented as part of the linguistic knowledge of individual speakers, i.e., as a part of grammar. In order to answer this question a simple experiment was designed aiming to investigate whether there is a match between the data observed in the corpus (reflecting usage) and the knowledge-based behavior of individual speakers in an offline task (tapping into grammar). 30 native speakers of English participated in a test which put them under severe time pressure while they filled in gaps in short texts. Four gaps targeted uses of not that representing patterns with different frequencies in the corpus. The results of the experiment indicate that the participants were faster and found it easier to activate the structure not that for stimuli tar geting frequent patterns than for those targeting very rare types of usage. This is interpreted as evidence for the assumption that frequency-related knowledge about lexico-grammatical and even pragmatic patterns is a part of grammatical knowledge.
Long-Term Incisal Relationships After Palatoplasty in Patients With Isolated Cleft Palate

Purpose:Various palatoplasty techniques have limited incisions in the hard palate due to concerns that these incisions may limit maxillary growth. There is little convincing long-term evidence to support this. Our purpose is to determine incisal relationships, an indicator for future orthognathic procedure, in patients after repair of an isolated cleft of the secondary palate. Methods:Our craniofacial database was used to identify patients aged 10 years or greater with an isolated cleft of the secondary palate who underwent palatoplasty between 1985 and 2002. Data collected included age at palatoplasty and follow-up, cleft type, associated syndrome, Robin sequence, surgeon, repair technique, number of operations, and occlusion. Incisal relationship was determined through clinical observation by a pediatric dentist and orthodontist. Results:Seventy eligible patients operated on by 9 surgeons were identified. Class III incisal relationship was seen in 5 patients (7.1%). Palatoplasty techniques over the hard palate (63 of 70 patients) included 2-flap palatoplasty, VY-pushback, and Von Langenbeck repair. There was an association between class III incisal relationship and syndromic diagnosis (P <0.001). Other study variables were not associated with class III incisal relationships. Conclusion:In patients with an isolated cleft of the secondary palate, there was no association between class III incisal relationship and surgeon, age at repair, cleft type, palatoplasty technique, or number of operations. Increased likelihood of class III incisal relationship was associated primarily with syndromic diagnosis.
ICES REPORT 1406 March 2014 Isogeometric collocation : Neumann boundary conditions and contact by

Isogeometric collocation methods have been proposed recently and their accuracy and efficiency demonstrated for elastostatics and explicit dynamics. This paper addresses two important aspects in the development of the isogeometric collocation technology, namely, the imposition of Neumann boundary conditions and the enforcement of contact constraints, which are both treated within the same framework. It is shown that the strong imposition of Neumann boundary conditions may lead to a significant loss of accuracy in some situations, in particular when non-uniform meshes are used. Two possible remedies are proposed to restore the desired level of accuracy while keeping the computational cost virtually unchanged, i.e. a hybrid collocationGalerkin approach and an enhanced collocation (EC) approach. A frictionless contact formulation suitable for the collocation framework is further proposed and shown to pass the contact patch test to machine precision. When combined with the EC approach, the formulation is shown to deliver accurate results and to perform robustly also for highly non-uniform meshes. For all the collocation formulations, contact pressures are greater than or equal to zero pointwise, in contrast with standard Lagrange finite elements.