Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: Benthic macroinvertebrate diversity as biomonitoring of organic pollutions of river ecosystems in Central Java, Indonesia

Wibowo DN, Setijanto, Santoso S. 2017. Short Communication: Benthic macroinvertebrate diversity as biomonitoring of organic pollutions of river ecosystems in Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 671-676. Benthic macroinvertebrates are mainly aquatic insects that spend most of their lives in the freshwater ecosystems. The physical, chemical, and biological conditions of rivers have a direct influence towards aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera EPT) which make them good indicators of stream water quality. We examined the use of benthic macroinvertebrates diversity as a biomonitoring tool to assess organic pollution levels in three rivers in Purwokerto city during March to October 2011. Our objective was to test the sensitivity of benthic macroinvertebrates especially Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) diversity to organic pollution levels reflected by biological oxygen demand (BOD) concentrations. A total of 27 sites with different BOD levels were surveyed in three different rivers (Logawa, Banjaran, and Pelus) during the period of March to October 2011. The results revealed no correlation of benthic macroinvertebrate diversity (EPT index) to BOD levels. It could be concluded that in the use of EPT index as bioindicators of waters condition, the number of samples, sampling time, and location should be considered.
Propolis production and its relation to wax production rate in Apis mellifera beehives.

The aim of this work was to determine whether there is any relationship between wax production rate and propolis production. High (P1) and low (P2) propolis-producing hives were chosen in a selection process. Through controlled matings, four different groups of beehives were obtained: D1 hives, originating from the mating of P1 queens and P1 drones; D2 hives, originating from P1 queens and P2 drones; D3 hives, originating from P2 queens and P1 drones; and D4 hives, originating from P2 queens and P2 drones. After 110 days, one frame with wax foundation was put in the center of each hive and the areas that the honeybees drew out the comb were estimated. The propolis can be collected thirty days after placement of the collectors. Propolis is preferentially deposited on the sides of the collector that receive the greatest exposure to sun and wind, mainly in the winter. D1 beehives accumulated five times more propolis than did D2 and D3, and 34 times more than D4. D4 beehives drew out the combs more efficiently, when compared to the D1, D2 and D3 beehives.
Capital structure in the global shipping industry

The current economic crisis emerged from a particular financial crisis that started in the United States and being rapidly propagated all over the world. It did not affect a limited region or a limited economic sector. This crisis induced significant changes in all management areas, including financial management. This study is focused on financing strategies adopted by shipping companies during the crisis, analyzing relevant factors for a specific issue - the capital structure. The research methodology proposed for this analysis on relevant factors that could explain the capital structure of shipping is OLS regression applied on selected variables derived from the financial statements of the major shipping companies. The dependent variables reflecting capital structure are book value to total liabilities ratio and book value to total debt ratio. The explanatory variables are derived from the theory of capital structure. This study empirically illustrates the relevance of the capital structure theory for the studied economic sector and is a useful tool for the shipping companies, providing relevant information about the optimal capital structure adopted by shipping companies and about factors that influence this decision during a crisis period.
Post-settlement Life Cycle Migration Patterns and Habitat Preference of Coral Reef Fish that use Seagrass and Mangrove Habitats as Nurseries

Mangroves and seagrass beds have received considerable attention as nurseries for reef fish, but comparisons have often been made with different methodologies. Thus, relative importance of different habitats to specific size-classes of reef fish species remains unclear. In this study, 35 transects in 11 sites of mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reef were surveyed daily, in and in front of a marine bay on the island of Curacao (Netherlands Antilles). The density and size-frequency of nine reef fish species (including herbivores, zoobenthivores and piscivores) was determined during a five-month period using a single methodology, viz. underwater visual census. All species were ‘ nursery species ’ in terms of their high densities of juveniles in mangroves or seagrass beds. Relative density distribution of the size-classes of the selected species over mangroves and seagrass beds suggested high levels of preference for either mangroves or seagrass beds of some species, while other species used both habitats as a nursery. Spatial size distribution of the nine species suggested three possible models for Post-settlement Life Cycle Migrations (PLCM). Haemulon sciurus, Lutjanus griseus, L. apodus, and Acanthurus chirurgus appear to settle and grow up in bay habitats such as mangroves and seagrass beds, and in a later stage migrate to the coral reef (Long Distance PLCM). Juveniles of Acanthurus bahianus and Scarus taeniopterus were found only in bay habitats at close proximity to the coral reef or on the reef itself, and their migration pattern concerns a limited spatial scale (Short Distance PLCM). Some congeneric species carry out either Long Distance PLCM or Short Distance PLCM, thereby temporarily alleviating competition in reef habitats. Haemulon flavolineatum, Ocyurus chrysurus and Scarus iserti displayed a Stepwise PLCM pattern in which smallest juveniles dwell in the mouth of the bay, larger individuals then move to habitats deeper into the bay, where they grow up to a (sub-) adult size at which they migrate to nearby coral reef habitats. This type of stepwise migration in opposite directions, combined with different preference for either mangroves or seagrass beds among (size-classes of) species, shows that reef fish using in-bay habitats during post-settlement life stages may do so by choice and not merely because of stochastic dispersal of their larvae, and underline the necessity of these habitats to Caribbean coral reef systems.
Analyzing Food Community with Recipes and Weibo User Reviews

: [ Objective ] This study examines the structure of online food community with the help of large-scale real world data. [ Methods ] First, we collected recipes from meishij.net (a popular food network online) and user reviews from Sina Weibo (micro-blog) respectively. Second, we identified the Weibo users who mentioned recipes from meishij.net and mapped them to provinces and cuisines coordinate systems. Finally, we used community discovery algorithm to analyze the food community’s structure. [ Results ] The province and cuisines networks showed clear community structures. [ Limitations ] Demographic disparity might pose some effects to the conclusions. [ Conclusions ] The tastes of consumers from different provinces could be classified as “freshly salty”, “hot and spicy”, as well as “others”. “Sichuan” or “Yungui” dishes are rarely ordered together, while “Jing”, “Hu”, “Lu” and “Dongbei” dishes are often ordered along with each other. Besides, the regional cuisines have some geographical proximity among themselves
NONLINEAR HEAT-RELEASE/ACOUSTIC MODEL FOR THERMOACOUSTIC INSTABILITY IN LEAN

Lean premixed combustors, such as those used in industrial gas tuibines to achieve low emissions, are often susceptible to thennoacoustic combustion instabilities, which manifest themselves as pressure and heat release oscillations in the combustor. These oscillations can result in increased noise and decreased durability due to vibration and flame motion. A physically based nonlinear parametric model has been developed that captures this instability. It describes the coupling of combustor acoustics with the rate of heat release. The model represents this coupling by acc ounting for the effect of acoustic pressure fluctuations on the varying fuel/air ratio being delivered to the flame, causing a fluctuating heat release due to both fuel air ratio variations and flame front oscillations. If the phasing of the fluctuating heat release and pressure are proper, an instability results that grows into a limit cycle. The nonlinear nature of the model predicts the onset of the instability and additionally captures the resulting limit cycle. Tests of a lean premixed nozzle run at engine scale and engine operating conditions in the UTRC Single Nozzle Rig, conducted under DARPA contract, exhibited instabilities. Parameters from the model were adjusted so that analytical results were consistent with relevant experimental data from this test The parametric model captures the limit cycle behavior over a range of mean fuel air ratios, showing the instability amplitude (pressure and heat release) to increase and limit cycle frequency to decrease as mean fuel air ratio is reduced. NOMENCLATURE A Constant, defined in Eq. (I I) AJ Flame area hJ SuGo/R E Modal normalizing factor, Eq. (4) pCOMB External forcing due to combustion F External forcing due to actuation pNLA External forcing due to non-linear terms ftals Go HHV iI ht ho kt kz' kcr m m
Agricultural Monitoring in Regional Scale Using Clustering on Satellite Image Time Series

The remote sensing images are more accessible nowadays and there are proper technologies to receive, distribute, manipulate and process long satellite image time series that can be used to improve traditional methods for harvest monitoring and forecasting. The potential of the satellite multi-temporal images to support research of agricultural monitoring has increased according to improvements in technological development, especially in analysis of large volume of data available for knowledge discovery. In Brazil, sugarcane is cultivated on extensive fields and is the main agriculture crop used to produce ethanol. The main objective of this chapter is to monitor the sugarcane crop by clustering analysis with multi-temporal satellite images having low spatial resolution. A large database of this kind of image and specific software were used to perform the image preprocessing phase, extract time series, apply clustering method and enable the data visualization on several steps during the whole analysis process. According to the analysis done, our methodology allows to identify land areas with similar development patterns, also considering different growing seasons for the crops, covering monthly and annual periods. Results confirm that satellite images of low spatial resolution can indeed be satisfactorily used in agricultural crop monitoring in regional scale.
Channel and hillslope processes in a semiarid area, New Mexico

-_________________________________________ Acknowledgments__ _ __------__-___________________ Alluvial fills in western valleys. ______________________ Geographic setting. _________________________________ Valley alluvium. ___________________________________ The local bedrock___--------_-_-__________________ Relation of valley alluvium and colluvium to headwater areas. -. -_______________________________________ Study areas. _----_-_-_--___________________________ Methods of study_______________. ___________________ Magnitude and frequency of rainfall and streamflow, 1958-64. ________________________________________ Channel form and bed materials. _____________________ Spacing of gravel bars_____________________. _________ Movement of coarse particles_______________________ Scour and fill. ____________________________________ Hillslope erosion. ___________________________________ Erosion plot on Slopewash Tributary____________ Slope-retreat pins on Slopewash Tributary__. ______ Other measurements of slope erosion on Slopewash Tributary_ _ -_--_--_--______________________ Erosion nails on Coyote C. Arroyo___-____________ Tracing of fluorescent sand_____________________ Channel enlargement on Slopewash Tributary__________ Soil creep or mass movement_________________________ Slopewash Tributary. ___________________________ Coyote C. Arroyo_____________________________ Page 193 193 193 195 195 198
Integrated Envelope and Lighting Systems for Commercial Buildings: A Retrospective

Daylighting systems in use world-wide rarely capture the energy-savings predicted by simulation tools and that we believe are achievable in real buildings. One of the primary reasons for this is that window and lighting systems are not designed and operated as an integrated system. Our efforts over the last five years have been targeted toward (1) development and testing of new prototype systems that involve a higher degree of systems integration than has been typical in the past, and (2) addressing current design and technological barriers that are often missed with component-oriented research. We summarize the results from this body of cross-disciplinary research and discuss its effects on the existing and future practice of daylighting in commercial buildings.
A demand-based management option to address boat congestion at the Sundays River Estuary, Eastern Cape, South Africa

The Sundays River Estuary situated in the Eastern Cape is an example of a South African Estuary experiencing congestion externalities, mainly vis-a-vis motorised boat use. This paper employs a choice model to estimate people’s preferences for less boat congestion on the Sundays River Estuary. The results show that visitors to the estuary are willing to trade off a levy of ZAR 35/a (in addition to what they already pay) for a reduction of boat congestion during peak periods (only). This paper proposes that this amount be set as a user charge to manage excess recreational boat use. Keywords : estuary, choice experiment, implicit prices, conditional logit, random parameter logit
Input of nitrogen from N2 fixation to northern grasslands

Forage legumes form N2-fixing symbioses with rhizobia and may thus make substantial contributions to the N pool in grasslands. However, to optimize their use as sources of N, it is important to elucidate the effects of management factors that influence their N2 fixation rates, and to develop convenient methods for measuring N2 fixation quickly and reliably. An analysis of published data on N2 fixation in the field showed that lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and white clover (T. repens L.) grown in mixtures with grasses derived most of their N from N2 fixation, irrespective of geographic location and management practices – and despite large inter-annual variations in legume dry matter yield (kg ha-1 year-1). Consequently, there were strong correlations between legume dry matter yield and amounts of N2 fixed (kg N ha-1 year-1), which can be used very simply to obtain estimates of N2 fixation in these legumes. In experimental grassland plots where the species richness of neighbouring vegetation was varied, alsike clover (T. hybridum L.), red clover, and white clover consistently derived at least half of their N from N2 fixation, measured by the 15N natural abundance (NA) method using three different reference plants. This method is sensitive to the degree of discrimination against 15N in the N2-fixing plant (B value) and the choice of reference plant. B values were therefore established for each of the three clover species in symbioses with different Scandinavian Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii genotypes. In red clover, reductions following cutting in the activity of the N2-fixing enzyme, nitrogenase, and the rate of shoot regrowth were dependent on the cutting height. The recovery in nitrogenase activity after cutting followed the rate of leaf area increment, which confirms the correlation between N2 fixation and growth found in field experiments. The results of the work underlying this thesis show that perennial forage legumes growing in grasslands are highly dependent on N2 fixation. Awareness of this should facilitate the development of resource-efficient management regimes for northern grasslands.
EGFR plays an essential role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MUC5AC hypersecretion in human bronchial epithelial cells

Background: Excessive mucus secretion is an important characteristic of airway inflammatory diseases, such as asthma. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to mucus hypersecretion in asthma, and is associated with airway inflammation and remodeling. It is known little about the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in LPS-induced mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) hypersecretion in human bronchial epithelial cells. We aim to investigate the effects of EGFR in the process of MUC5AC hypersecretion. Methods: The human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells were treated with LPS, and pre-treated with AG1478 (specific inhibitor of EGFR). The expression of MUC5AC and EGFR were detected and compared between the different groups. The expression of MUC5AC protein was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of MUC5AC and EGFR were measured by immunohistochemistry, and the protein expression of EGFR was monitored by Western blot. The mRNA expression of MUC5AC and EGFR were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results and Conclusions: LPS could induce the high expression of MUC5AC and EGFR in 16HBE cells, and AG1478 decreased the expression of MUC5AC by inhibiting the expression of EGFR. These results showed that EGFR might play an important role in LPS-induced MUC5AC hypersecretion of airway epithelial cells, and AG1478 decreased MUC5AC secretion through inhibiting the expression of EGFR. AG1478 may be a new therapeutic approach for the airway inflammatory diseases.
Influence of microbial community composition and metabolism on air.sea ΔpCO2 variation off the western Antarctic Peninsula

We studied CO 2 and O 2 dynamics in the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) waters in relation to (1) phytoplankton biomass, (2) microbial community primary production and respiration, and (3), for the first time, phytoplankton composition, during summer and fall in 3 consecutive years (2002, 2003 and 2004). The areal average of δpCO 2 (the difference between surface seawater and atmospheric partial pressure of CO 2) for the 3 yr was significantly negative (.20.04 ± 44.3 μatm, p < 0.01) during the summer to fall period in the region, possibly indicating a CO 2 sink. In the southern WAP (i.e. south of Anvers Island), δpCO 2 was significantly negative (.43.60 ± 39.06 μatm) during fall. In the northern WAP (north of Anvers Island), δpCO 2 values showed a more complex distribution during summer and fall (.4.96 ± 37.6 and 21.71 ± 22.39 μatm, respectively). Chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration averaged 1.03 ± 0.25 μg l.1 and was higher in the south of the peninsula. Phytoplankton composition influenced chl a concentration with higher and lower values for diatom-and phytoflagellate-dominated communities, respectively. A significant negative correlation existed between chl a and δpCO 2. From incubation experiments performed in the northern WAP, respiration was low (averaging 5.1 mmol O 2 m.3 d.1), and the net community production (NCP) correlated negatively with δpCO 2 and positively with %O 2 saturation. However, despite the high NCP values measured, δpCO 2 was significantly positive in the northern WAP during the summer to fall period. Strong mixing and lower chl a concentration may explain this result. In contrast, δpCO 2 was significantly negative in the southern WAP, possibly because of high surface water chl a concentration. © 2012 Inter-Research.
Factors affecting selection of winter food and roosting resources by porcupines in Utah

-Ecological and phytochemical factors potentially affecting winter dietary discrimination by porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) in the mountain brush zone of Utah were studied. Porcupines utilized gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) as their primary winter food and roosting resource. Bigvtooth maple \Acer grandidentatum) was the most common tree species in the study area but was rarely utilized by porcupines. Conifer species were used as a food and roosting resource significantly less often than they occurred in the study area, despite thermal advantages provided by their relatively dense canopies. Oak feed trees were successfully separated from conifer feed trees by discriminant analysis 1000/0 of the time. Oak trees were correctly classified as feed and nonfeed trees 71% of the time. Gambel oak contained higher amounts ofcrude protein, fiber, and tannins, but was lower in ether extract fractions and fatty acid content than conifers. A layer of adipose tissue used as an energy reseIVe by porcupines may have relaxed energy intake demands sufficiently to pennit them to concentrate on a diet of oak tissue, which is high in protein, rather than a high~fat conifer diet. A diet relatively high in protein may have facilitated digestion of food material high in fiber. Temperature did not affect selection of tree species used for roosting. Rock and snow caves were utilized infrequently and the study population ranged widely. Three of 15 study animals were eaten by predators.
Freeze/thaw processes in complex permafrost landscapes of northern Siberia simulated using the TEM ecosystem model: impact of thermokarst ponds and lakes

Abstract. Freeze/thaw (F/T) processes can be quite different under the various land surface types found in the complex tundra of the Arctic, such as polygonal tundra (wet center and dry rims), ponds, and thermokarst lakes. Proper simulation of these different processes is essential for accurate prediction of the release of greenhouse gases under a warming climate scenario. In this study we have incorporated the water layer into a dynamic organic soil version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (DOS-TEM), having first verified and validated the model. Results showed that (1) the DOS-TEM was very efficient and its results compared well with analytical solutions for idealized cases, and (2) despite a number of limitations and uncertainties in the modeling, the simulations compared reasonably well with in situ measurements from polygon rims, polygon centers (with and without water), and lakes on Samoylov Island, Siberia, indicating the suitability of the DOS-TEM for simulating the various F/T processes. Sensitivity tests were performed on the effects of water depth and our results indicated that both water and snow cover are very important in the simulated thermal processes, for both polygon centers and lakes. We therefore concluded that the polygon rims and polygon centers (with various maximum water depths) should be considered separately, and that the dynamics of water depth in both polygons and lakes should be taken into account when simulating thermal processes for methane emission studies.
A preliminary national analysis of some key characteristics of Canadian lakes.

Knowledge of Canada’s lakes is needed to manage environmental stresses. Lake inventory and lake feature databases were used to build a national impact assessment template and assess regional typology. There are ~910 400 lakes with area ≥ 0.1 km2 (10 ha), 37% of the Earth’s total. Lake features (number of lakes by size class, maximum depth, mean–maximum depth ratio, Secchi depth, pH, and total dissolved solids) were modeled regionally by secondary watershed (SWS) using linear regression models. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) occurrence was analyzed as a cofactor to highlight regional links between lake characteristics and aquatic biota. Significant (R2 from 0.231 to 0.492) regional models were obtained using area or maximum depth, lake trout occurrence, and their cross products as covariates. Analyses of fitted SWS coefficients showed that ecozones were a better predictor of lake characteristics than primary watersheds. The national typology was consistent with previous regional assessments. The regiona.