Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systemic and Other Complications

Serious complications after rhinoplasty are rare but various. Much is written about cosmetic failures, but less has been written about life-threatening complications of nasal surgery. The incidence of all these complications are rarely reported in plastic surgery literature and ranges anywhere between 1.7% and 0 1-3 18 /o. They are either local problems, depending on special nasal surgery techniques and implanted material; or systemic complications, like hemorrhage, infection, bacteremia and allergy, and complications of structures adjacent to the nose like traumatic, ophthalmic, and other problems. Most systemic complications arise from intraoperative and early problems from bleeding, general or local anesthesia, and infection. An excessive hemorrhage during or after rhinoplasty can cause cardiopulmonal problems with hypotension and circulation shock reaction. If electrocoagulation and intranasal packing is unsuccessful, specific vessel ligation is indicated. The ethmoid vessels are exposed through an incision midway through the medial canthus or by an endonasal approach. The internal maxillary artery should be reached endonasally at the dorsal wall of the maxillary cavity. Performed by intraartery angioigraphy or computerized subtraction angiography, a selective embolization to bleeding disorders and vascular abnormalities may be possible. Allergic reactions to local or systemic anesthetic drugs can cause serious effects like cardiopulmonary collapse, malignant hyperthermia, or anaphylactic shock. Reports of intracranial infection after septa1 surgery are frequently found in the preantibiotic era. They include meningitis, sinus cavernous thrombosis (CST), brain abscesses, endocarditis, and pulmonary embolism after bacteriemia. A further serious reaction, toxic shock syndrome, is relatively short noted. Iatrogenic traumatic injuries penetrating the cribiform plate with the olfactory nerves can also cause serious complications. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak will occur with rhinoliquorrhoe, anosmia, and following meningitis or frontal abscess if the leak is not recognized and repaired immediately by the surgeon. Other traumatic lesions are injuries of the bony wall of the orbita like the processus trochlearis, the nasolacrimal apparatus, or the infraorbital nerve and other intraorbital structures. Ocular complications to nasal surgery are attributed to two basic causes: vascular disturbances and direct mechanical trauma of the borders of the orbit and to the optic nerve. Finally, a few cases of asphyxiation as a result of aspiration of the nasal packing have been reported. Knowing these complications, it is essential for the surgeon doing septo-rhinoplasty as an elective intervention in plastic surgery to get further patient information to calculate the risk of the operation and
Sentence Alignment in Paralllel, Comparable and Quasi-comparable Corpora

We explore the usability of different bilingual corpora for the purpose of multilingual and cross-lingual natural language processing. The usability of bilingual corpus is evaluated by the lexical alignment score calculated for the bi-lexicon pair distributed in the aligned bilingual sentence pairs. We compare and contrast a number of bilingual corpora, ranging from parallel, to comparable, and to nonparallel corpora. We compare different methods of mining parallel sentences and bilingual lexicon from bilingual corpora. These methods make several sentence-level assumptions on the bilingual corpora. We have found that some of them are applicable to bilingual parallel documents but non-applicable to non-parallel, comparable documents. None of the sentence-level assumptions can be made about nonparallel and quasi-comparable corpora. The latter contain bilingual documents that may or may not be on the same topic. By postulating additional assumptions on comparable documents, we propose a completely unsupervised method to extract useful material, such as parallel sentences and bilexicons, from quasi-comparable corpora. The lexical alignment score for the comparable sentences extracted with our unsupervised method is found to be very close to that of the parallel corpus. This shows that our extraction method is effective.
Information management issues and business model analysis of O2O games: A review of Pokemon Go

In the context of knowledge-based economy, O2O (Online to Offline) games such as Pokemon Go not only bring a revolutionary change to the industry of online games but also affect people's daily life with augmented reality technology, which will definitely cause transformation of business models. This paper analyzes the development process of online games and compares O2O games with traditional online games and traditional O2O industry. Information management issues of O2O games are analyzed, and potential business models, which may drive new economic growth in this era characterized by knowledge economics, are discussed.
Randomized trial of posaconazole and benznidazole for chronic Chagas' disease.

BACKGROUND Current therapeutic options for Chagas' disease are limited to benznidazole and nifurtimox, which have been associated with low cure rates in the chronic stage of the disease and which have considerable toxicity. Posaconazole has shown trypanocidal activity in murine models. METHODS We performed a prospective, randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of posaconazole as compared with the efficacy and safety of benznidazole in adults with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection. We randomly assigned patients to receive posaconazole at a dose of 400 mg twice daily (high-dose posaconazole), posaconazole at a dose of 100 mg twice daily (low-dose posaconazole), or benznidazole at a dose of 150 mg twice daily; all the study drugs were administered for 60 days. We assessed antiparasitic activity by testing for the presence of T. cruzi DNA, using real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (rt-PCR) assays, during the treatment period and 10 months after the end of treatment. Posaconazole absorption was assessed on day 14. RESULTS The intention-to-treat population included 78 patients. During the treatment period, all the patients tested negative for T. cruzi DNA on rt-PCR assay beyond day 14, except for 2 patients in the low-dose posaconazole group who tested positive on day 60. During the follow-up period, in the intention-to-treat analysis, 92% of the patients receiving low-dose posaconazole and 81% receiving high-dose posaconazole, as compared with 38% receiving benznidazole, tested positive for T. cruzi DNA on rt-PCR assay (P<0.01 for the comparison of the benznidazole group with either posaconazole group); in the per-protocol analysis, 90% of the patients receiving low-dose posaconazole and 80% of those receiving high-dose posaconazole, as compared with 6% receiving benznidazole, tested positive on rt-PCR assay (P<0.001 for the comparison of the benznidazole group with either posaconazole group). In the benznidazole group, treatment was discontinued in 5 patients because of severe cutaneous reactions; in the posaconazole groups, 4 patients had aminotransferase levels that were more than 3 times the upper limit of the normal range, but there were no discontinuations of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Posaconazole showed antitrypanosomal activity in patients with chronic Chagas' disease. However, significantly more patients in the posaconazole groups than in the benznidazole group had treatment failure during follow-up. (Funded by the Ministry of Health, Spain; CHAGASAZOL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01162967.).
The role of CaMKII as an F-actin-bundling protein crucial for maintenance of dendritic spine structure

Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a serine/threonine protein kinase critically involved in synaptic plasticity in the brain. It is highly concentrated in the postsynaptic density fraction, exceeding the amount of any other signal transduction molecules. Because kinase signaling can be amplified by catalytic reaction, why CaMKII exists in such a large quantity has been a mystery. Here, we provide biochemical evidence that CaMKII is capable of bundling F-actin through a stoichiometric interaction. Consistent with this evidence, in hippocampal neurons, RNAi-mediated down-regulation of CaMKII leads to a reduction in the volume of dendritic spine head that is mediated by F-actin dynamics. An overexpression of CaMKII slowed down the actin turnover in the spine head. This activity was associated with β subunit of CaMKII in a manner requiring its actin-binding and association domains but not the kinase domain. This finding indicates that CaMKII serves as a central signaling molecule in both functional and structural changes during synaptic plasticity.
Nitrate responses of Arabidopsis cho1 mutants

We reported a loss-of-function of an Arabidopsis double AP2 transcription factor CHOTTO1 (CHO1) gene results in the altered responses to high concentrations of nitrate (~50 mM). Nitrate up to 10 mM promotes growth of the wildtype seedling, but inhibits it under higher concentrations. The cho1 seedlings responded to nitrate up to 10 mM similarly to the wildtype, but the inhibitory effect of excess nitrate is less prominent in the mutants. This phenotype is restricted to the cotyledons, and growth of the hypocotyl and roots of the cho1 mutants is inhibited by excess nitrate. The cho1 mutations caused the up-regulation of two nitrate transporter genes, AtNRT1.4 and At1g52190. Altered nitrate distribution and storage may explain the phenotypes of the cho1 mutants.
Experiments on Voice Qualities of Vowels in Males and Females and Correlation With Acoustic Features

An investigation was performed to find acoustic parameters that control voice-qualities of natural speech. Twelve utterances of the vowel [a] by six males and six females were used as speech stimuli, and four terms that express voice-qualities were employed for similarity judgments in paired comparisons. Listeners were asked to rate similarity on a five-point scale, and a correlation analysis was made between the similarity data and such acoustic parameters as fundamental frequency and the frequencies of the first three formants. "Pitch sensation" was found to correlate closely with the fundamental frequency, but no significant correlations were observed between each of these acoustic measures and other voice-qualities. The results varied with the listeners; every listener seemed to use his/her own acoustic cues, which may differ from those of other listeners, in judging the similarity of each voice-quality.
Transcriptional changes in blood after aerobic interval training in patients with the metabolic syndrome

Background Regular physical activity has beneficial effects on the metabolic syndrome. Eleven metabolic syndrome patients performing 16 weeks of aerobic interval training, significantly reduced their risk of cardiovascular disease, in terms of improved VO2max, endothelial function, blood pressure, insulin signaling, and plasma lipid composition. The knowledge on underlying mechanism of exercise-induced improvements is sparse, and a broad spectrum of methods is needed to gain more insight. Design The aim was, for the first time, to determine whether transcriptional changes occur in blood cells of metabolic syndrome patients after participating in an exercise program. Methods Blood was collected in PAXgene and EDTA tubes before and after 16 weeks of exercise. RNA was extracted and run on microarrays. Results Eleven biological processes and molecular functions were upregulated after exercise, whereas seven were downregulated. Blood clotting, cell adhesion, and steroid metabolism were among the downregulated processes, whereas steroid hormone-mediated signaling was upregulated. Downregulated protein levels of arginase 1 and von Willebrand factor confirmed microarray results. Conclusion Increased transcription of genes involved in steroid hormone-mediated signaling, decreased levels of arginase 1, and reduced transcription of genes involved in cell adhesion, and blood clotting are likely to be involved in exercise-induced improvements of endothelial function, and improved cardiovascular risk profile of metabolic syndrome patients. These findings have provided new insights on exercise-induced improvement of cardiovascular health. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 16:47-52 © 2009 The European Society of Cardiology
The effect of a pre-procedure information video on anxiety levels in patients undergoing hysterosalpingography: A prospective case-control study

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a pre-procedural information video on anxiety levels in patients undergoing hysterosalpingography (HSG). Material and Methods: Among a total of 131 primary or secondary infertile patients, 66 were shown an information video and 67 control patients received standard care between August 2014 and January 2016. The video included information on the procedure, personnel, and the room for the procedure; the video was shown on the morning of the procedure. Patients were randomized using the complete randomization technique through which patients were included in the study and control groups week by week, randomly. The Beck Anxiety Inventory scale was conducted to the patients one hour before the procedure Results: There were no differences in demographic data. The history of previous gynecologic operations was higher in the control group. The Beck Anxiety score was significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group (6 vs 10). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that as an easy intervention to implement, a pre-procedural video education may be a beneficial tool for the management of HSG-related anxiety.
Survey of Hypertension in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Changing Prescribing Patterns

Purpose : To assess changes in the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs and lifestyle factors associated with hypertensive patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 hypertensive patients in various heart disease hospitals and the consulting rooms of 10 cardiologists in the city of Dhaka to determine changes in prescribing patterns of antihypertensive drugs. Respondents were distributed more or less equally between males and the females. Results : Female patients aged 30 to 40 years (8 %) as well as male patients aged 50 to 60 years (54 %) and 60 to 70 years (12 %) were prone to hypertension. However, patients of both sexes whose age ranged from 40 to 50 (40 %) and 50 to 60 (36 %) were more prone to hypertension. It was observed that 46 % of the patients were overweight. A majority of the patients had diabetes with hypertension (28 %). Moreover, most of the patients (80 %) did not indulge in any physical exercise and were non-smokers but had a family history of hypertension. Combined antihypertensive drugs, especially thiazide diuretics with angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium antagonists, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were the first choice of drugs by physicians. The prescribing rate of β-blockers (28.36 %) and combined antihypertensive preparations (40 %) was higher than that of older antihypertensives, viz loop diuretics, propranolol and enalapril. Conclusion : Combination therapy is favored by all doctors who compared with the past prescribing practice of a single medication for hypertension. Keywords : Hypertension, Prescribing pattern, Antihypertensive drugs, Lifestyle factors, Family history
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase negatively regulates hydrogen peroxide-stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase in endothelial cells

Hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species are intimately involved in endothelial cell signaling. In many cell types, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been implicated in the control of metabolic responses, but the role of endothelial cell redox signaling in the modulation of AMPK remains to be completely defined. We used RNA interference and pharmacological methods to establish that H2O2 is a critical activator of AMPK in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). H2O2 treatment of BAECs rapidly and significantly increases the phosphorylation of AMPK. The EC50 for H2O2-promoted phosphorylation of AMPK is 65 ± 15 μM, within the physiological range of cellular H2O2 concentrations. The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β (CaMKKβ) inhibitor STO-609 abolishes H2O2-dependent AMPK activation, whereas eNOS inhibitors enhance AMPK activation. Similarly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of CaMKKβ abrogates AMPK activation, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of eNOS leads to a striking increase in AMPK phosphorylation. Cellular imaging studies using the H2O2 biosensor HyPer show that siRNA-mediated eNOS knockdown leads to a marked increase in intracellular H2O2 generation, which is blocked by PEG-catalase. eNOS−/− mice show a marked increase in AMPK phosphorylation in liver and lung compared to wild-type mice. Lung endothelial cells from eNOS−/− mice also show a significant increase in AMPK phosphorylation. Taken together, these results establish that CaMKKβ is critically involved in mediating the phosphorylation of AMPK promoted by H2O2 in endothelial cells, and document that eNOS is an important negative regulator of AMPK phosphorylation and intracellular H2O2 generation in endothelial cells.
Sequence features of Compositionally Biased regions in three dimensional protein structures

A considerable research effort has already been put on the identification (and consequently filtering) of local segments of “unusual” composition (Compositionally Biased or Low Complexity Regions; CBRs or LCRs) in protein sequences. This interest was mainly initiated due to the fact that CBR existence is known to create artifacts (i.e. biologically irrelevant hits) in sequence database search methods. Even though no general biological significance has been demonstrated for CBRs so far, they are often associated with the lack of regular structure. However, application of commonly used methods for CBR detection illustrates that instances of CBRs can be found in proteins with experimentally determined three dimensional structures. In this work, we highlight sequential properties of CBRs detected by two of the most widely used CBR detection algorithms in carefully compiled datasets of proteins with experimentally determined structures. Our goal is to shed light on the properties of CBR sequences, with the future prospect of elucidating their relation to protein three dimensional structure.
The Virtual Journals of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics

The research area of nuclear astrophysics is characterized by a need for information published in tens of journals in several fields and an extremely dilute distribution of researchers. For these reasons it is difficultfor researchers, especially students, to be adequately informed of the relevant published research. In an attempt to address this problem, we have developed a virtual journal (VJ), a process for collecting and distributing a weekly compendium of articles of interest to researchers in nuclear astrophysics. Subscribers are notified of each VJ issue using an email-list server or an RSS feed. The VJ data base is searchable by topics assigned by the editors, or by keywords. There are two related VJs: the Virtual Journal of Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA VJ), and the SEGUE Virtual Journal (SEGUE VJ).
Medical Treatment of Fibroid to Decrease Rate of Hysterectomy

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign pelvic tumors in women [1, 2]. They are monoclonal tumors of the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium and consist of large amounts of extracellular matrix that contains collagen, fibronectin and proteoglycan [2, 3]. A thin pseudocapsule that is composed of areolar tissue and compressed muscle fibers usually surrounds the tumors [4]. Leiomyomas may enlarge to cause significant distortion of the uterine surface or cavity. Although they are benign, they commonly result in severe symptoms, such as heavy, irregular and prolonged menstrual bleeding as well as anemia. Uterine leiomyomas have also been associated with numerous other medical disorders, such as infertility, recurrent abortion and preterm labor [5]. These clinical complications negatively impact women’s health. Uterine leiomyomas are the most cited indication for more than 600,000 hysterectomies performed in the US annually, and this major surgery is associated with morbidity and mortality as well as a huge economic impact on healthcare delivery systems that is estimated to be approximately $2.2 billion/year [6].
Evaluation of a yoga based regimen for treatment of osteoarthritis of the hands.

OBJECTIVE Yoga and relaxation techniques have traditionally been used by nonmedical practitioners to help alleviate musculoskeletal symptoms. The objective of this study was to collect controlled observations of the effect of yoga on the hands of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Patients with OA of the hands were randomly assigned to receive either the yoga program or no therapy. Yoga techniques were supervised by one instructor once/week for 8 weeks. Variables assessed were pain, strength, motion, joint circumference, tenderness, and hand function using the Stanford Hand Assessment questionnaire. RESULTS The yoga treated group improved significantly more than the control group in pain during activity, tenderness and finger range of motion. Other trends also favored the yoga program. CONCLUSION This yoga derived program was effective in providing relief in hand OA. Further studies are needed to compare this with other treatments and to examine longterm effects.
Immunology of Reactions in Leprosy

The gradual and benign course of leprosy may at times be punctuated by certain acute episodes —reactional states—the features of which are well understood. ' Further clarification of the subject was aptly provided by Waters et al.,^ who divided the reactions into type I (lepra) and type II (erythema nodosum leprosum [ENL]). Their clinical features are quite distinctive and hardly pose any diagnostic problem. The major hurdle, however, has been their precise pathogenesis. There appears to be a ray of hope on the distant horizon to explain it through various immunologic parameters, which are being worked out presently by several investigators. The cumulative information thus far available is only fragmented. Nonetheless, in order to clearly form a consolidated picture, it was thought worthwhile to gather together the same from the contemporary literature so as to comprehend the present status and to identify and abridge the lacunae therein.
The Success of Advanced Learning Technologies for Instruction

The development and implementation of new advanced learning technologies (ALTs) is an important achievement at all levels of education and in business and industry. However, the benefits of ALTs are often not fully realized until issues surrounding their use by instructors, students and others are recognized and taken into consideration. These are referred to as ‘human factors’ issues and they can often become a major influence in the success of technological applications. This paper identifies a range of human factors issues of importance in a variety of settings. Recent evaluative and research information describing human factors in three graduate programmes using ALTs is presented and discussed. The paper concludes with a summary discussion of these results and their impact on human interaction with technology.