Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The importance of surface controls on overland flow connectivity in semi‐arid environments: results from a numerical experimental approach

In semi‐arid environments, the characteristics of the land surface determine how rainfall is transformed into surface runoff and influences how this runoff moves from the hillslopes into river channels. Whether or not water reaches the river channel is determined by the hydrological connectivity. This paper uses a numerical experiment‐based approach to systematically assess the effects of slope length, gradient, flow path convergence, infiltration rates and vegetation patterns on the generation and connectivity of runoff. The experiments were performed with the Connectivity of Runoff Model, 2D version distributed, physically based, hydrological model. The experiments presented are set within a semi‐arid environment, characteristic of south‐eastern Spain, which is subject to low frequency high rainfall intensity storm events. As a result, the dominant hydrological processes are infiltration excess runoff generation and surface flow dynamics. The results from the modelling experiments demonstrate that three surface factors are important in determining the form of the discharge hydrograph: the slope length, the slope gradient and the infiltration characteristics at the hillslope‐channel connection. These factors are all related to the time required for generated runoff to reach an efficient flow channel, because once in this channel, the transmission losses significantly decrease. Because these factors are distributed across the landscape, they have a fundamental role in controlling the landscape hydrological response to storm events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical application of chromosomal microarray analysis in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency and normal karyotype

Submicroscopic chromosomal imbalance is associated with an increased nuchal translucency (NT). Most previous research has recommended the use of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for prenatal diagnosis if the NT ≥ 3.5 mm. However, there is no current global consensus on the cutoff value for CMA. In this study, we aimed to discuss the fetuses with smaller increased NT which was between cutoff value of NT for karyotype analysis (NT of 2.5 mm in China) and the recommended cutoff value for CMA (NT of 3.5 mm) whether should be excluded from CMA test.
Nouvelle lecture des peintures rupestres préhistoriques d'Olmeta-du-Cap et étude de deux morceaux récupérés de la statue-menhir de Renno

L'analyse recente (1997) des peintures d'Olmeta-du-Cap nous a donne l'occasion de determiner plusieurs moments de realisation de ces oeuvres rupestres ainsi que l'ordre probable de leur mise en place. Quant a la recuperation d'un morceau de la statue-menhir de Renno, elle a permis, en dehors de l'etude de cet element apparaissant en facade d'une maisonnette, de decouvrir au moins un autre fragment du monolithe.
Relative Density, Equilibrium Moisture Content, and Dimensional Stability of Western Hemlock Bark

The measurement of western hemlock bark samples from three coastal sites in British Columbia revealed that inner bark relative density (0.382) is less than that of the adjacent sapwood (0.413) and markedly less than that of outer bark (0.463). The equilibrium moisture content of the inner and outer bark are equivalent at both 70 and 30% relative humidity, and slightly higher than that of the sapwood. The generally higher shrinkage of bark compared with wood is the result of bark cell collapse during drying. In the outer bark, some collapse or crushing takes place in the standing tree. This compacting of tissue reduces the shrinkage of outer bark relative to the inner bark. The actual shrinkage per unit change in moisture content of the inner bark is the same as that for the sapwood. The outer bark appears to be more dimensionally stable. The longitudinal shrinkage of both inner (2.9%) and outer (2.2%) bark is markedly greater than that of the sapwood (0.1-0.2%).
Developing a Novel Task to Investigate the Cognitive and Neural Processes Involved in Switching between Multiple Goals

Coordinating and switching appropriately between multiple goals is an important challenge. What processes are used by the human mind and brain to solve this challenge? A novel task was developed and pilot tested to study these processes as involved in three types of goal-switching: switching between substitutable means to the same ends, prioritizing among multiple necessary means to an end, and switching goals at different levels of goal-hierarchy. Results confirmed that people switched between goals in the task in ways predicted by the current model of multiple goal pursuit. This study will provide the basis for a planned neuroimaging study to investigate the neural correlates of these goal-switching processes.
Annales Geophysicae Simultaneous observation of ionospheric plasma bubbles and mesospheric gravity waves during the SpreadFEx Campaign

During the Spread F Experiment campaign, under NASA Living with a Star (LWS) program, carried out in the South American Magnetic Equator region from 22 September to 8 November 2005, two airglow CCD imagers, located at Cariri (7.4 S, 36.5 W, geomag. 11 ◦ S) and near Brasilia (14.8 S, 47.6 W, geomag. 10 ◦ S) were operated simultaneously and measured the equatorial ionospheric bubbles and their time evolution by monitoring the airglow OI 6300 intensity depletions. Simultaneous observation of the mesospheric OH wave structures made it possible to investigate the relationship between the bubble formation in the ionosphere and the gravity wave activity at around 90 km. On the evening of 30 September 2005, comb-like OI 6300 depletions with a distance of ∼130 km between the adjacent ones were observed. During the same period, a mesospheric gravity wave with a horizontal wavelength of ∼130 km was observed. From the 17 nights of observation during the campaign period, there was a good correlation between the OI 6300 depletion distances and the gravity wave horizontal wavelengths in the mesosphere with a statistically significant level, suggesting a direct contribution of the mesospheric gravity wave to plasma bubble seeding in the equatorial ionosphere.
Molecular Networks - ReadingSample

This chapter discusses the phenomenon of polymorphism in organic and organometallic compounds. Polymorphism is first introduced and then, to give the work some context, background information is given concerning properties and techniques for characterizing the solid phases. In particular, desolvation and interconverstion are examined, and the gas–solid reactions are presented as a successful route to obtaining new crystalline phases. Co-crystal definition is then described and the problem in distinguishing co-crystals and salts is evaluated.
Determination of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Masinga Reservoir, Kenya.

In Kenya, heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems due to anthropogenic activities cannot be underestimated. Therefore, an assessment of heavy metal contamination (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Mn) in sediments of Masinga reservoir was carried out between January 2013 and December 2013 in five sampling sites. Heavy metal Concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The data obtained was analyzed using one way analysis of variance and significant differences accepted at p ? 0.05. Post Hoc Turkeys’ test was used to separate means. Mean heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) in sediments were Cu (11.38 – 23.67), Zn (60.04 – 75.84), Pb (11.14 – 14.47), Cr (21.39-49.62) and Mn (259.12 – 642.30). There were significant differences in metal concentrations recorded for Cu, Cr, and Mn (p < 0.05) between the sites. The concentrations for all metals in sediments were lower than World Health Organization (WHO) set limit except for Cr at Tumutumu sampling site. The high Cr concentration is an indication of untreated or inadequately treated industrial and sewage wastes from the catchment. Key Words : Heavy metals, Contamination, sediments, Masinga reservoir
A review of the microstructure and rheology of carbon nanotube suspensions

The present review is concerned with the way that the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a fluid matrix can modify the microstructure and rheology of the resulting suspensions. Some background to CNT manufacture and in particular methods of dispersing them into a suspension is presented for a range of different systems, where effective dispersion of CNTs remains a delicate and open issue. Steady shear, linear viscoelasticity, non-linear viscoelasticity and extensional responses are classified for a range of different CNT/matrix combinations together with their associated microstructure. The rheological modelling of certain CNT/matrix systems is reviewed, with particular attention given to the authors’ work on modelling CNT suspension behaviour using Fokker—Planck advection-diffusion modelling.
Electrophoretically Actuated Nanoscale Optoentropic Transduction Mechanisms

We have shown that DNA assembled fluorescent resonant energy transfer systems oscillate in response to electrophoretic actuation in an acrylamide model of in situ hybridization. Integration of fluorescence over time produced clear peaks in Fourier space with signal to noise ratios far above static levels. Frequency responses were demonstrated between 5 Hz to 10 Hz. Actuation speed was likely limited by the ionic flux under low field strength of the relatively macroscale system. The ability to pull signals out of a high background of autofluorescence has important implications for improving the resolution of FISH, and in particular using oligonucleotide probes for the analysis of early stage genetic transitions from hyperplasia to carcinoma.
Mothers’ perception of stress involved in parenting a diabetic child

Objective: This study investigated mother’s perception of stress involved in parenting a diabetic child. Methods: Guided by a descriptive study, a target population which consisted of Maltese mothers with children having insulin-dependent diabetes that attended the outpatient diabetes clinic in St. Luke’s Hospital was surveyed. Well structured self-administered questionnaires were used in collecting data. Parental stress index (PSI) subscales vis-a-vis parental distress (PD), parent-child dysfunctional interaction (P-CDI) and diffi cult child (DC) were the yardsticks that were used to measure mother’s perception of stress involved in parenting a diabetic child. Generated data were subjected to descriptive statistics and correlation and regression analysis with regression line charts. Results: Results showed that mothers who had diabetic children were highly stressed with 19 out of 25 mothers scoring over 85th percentile in the parental stress index. It was also found that PSI subscales had the following trend in increasing order of stress on the mothers; P-CDI<DC<PD. This implied that PD had the greatest impact followed by DC and lastly P-CDI. Conclusion: It was therefore surmised that mothers with diabetic children perceive and experience a lot of stress as a result of having a diabetic child. Hence, it was recommended that further study should be carried out on father’s perception of stress involved in parenting a diabetic child. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 99-104 http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3. 8910
Accelerate RNN-based Training with Importance Sampling

Importance sampling (IS) as an elegant and efficient variance reduction (VR) technique for the acceleration of stochastic optimization problems has attracted many researches recently. Unlike commonly adopted stochastic uniform sampling in stochastic optimizations, IS-integrated algorithms sample training data at each iteration with respect to a weighted sampling probability distribution $P$, which is constructed according to the precomputed importance factors. Previous experimental results show that IS has achieved remarkable progresses in the acceleration of training convergence. Unfortunately, the calculation of the sampling probability distribution $P$ causes a major limitation of IS: it requires the input data to be well-structured, i.e., the feature vector is properly defined. Consequently, recurrent neural networks (RNN) as a popular learning algorithm is not able to enjoy the benefits of IS due to the fact that its raw input data, i.e., the training sequences, are often unstructured which makes calculation of $P$ impossible. In considering of the the popularity of RNN-based learning applications and their relative long training time, we are interested in accelerating them through IS. This paper propose a novel Fast-Importance-Mining algorithm to calculate the importance factor for unstructured data which makes the application of IS in RNN-based applications possible. Our experimental evaluation on popular open-source RNN-based learning applications validate the effectiveness of IS in improving the convergence rate of RNNs.
Erlotinib (Tarceva ® ) inhibits oral cavity carcinoma and synergizes with cisplatin and ionizing radiation in vitro

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays important roles in the growth and development of normal epidermis and numerous malignant human tumors. EGF is a secreted protein and binds to a heterodimeric receptor which possesses an intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. EGF receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor has been shown to specifically inhibit the tumor growth of lung cancer, head and neck cancer, colon cancer and others. The cytotoxic effect of the newly developed tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib or OSI-774 (Tarceva®, OSI Pharmaceuticals) on the oral cavity cancer in cell culture condition was investigated. Tarceva showed a dose-dependent inhibition of the growth of squamous carcinoma of the tongue (SCC-015) in cytotoxic assays. The inhibition of the SCC-015 cells by Tarceva appeared to be within the physiologically achievable concentrations (low μm concentrations). The effect of Tarceva on SCC-15 cells appears to be intra-S phase inhibition as well as an inhibition of G2/M transition of the cell cycle by flow cy.
Monetary Transmission Channels around the Subprime Crisis : The US Experience

This study focuses on the US monetary policy rule during the subprime crisis. Two stances could be taken: a totally ineffective monetary policy or an insufficiently effective one. To arbitrate between those two positions, the effectiveness of each monetary transmission channel around the crisis period is estimated across the time. Our results point to an intermediate position. The monetary transmission channels, dealing with the main financial sectors where the sources of the crisis are found, are clearly ineffective. Nevertheless, other channels may still be effective but not enough to counterbalance the quite simultaneous ineffectiveness of the previous transmission mechanisms.
Perceived barriers to Internet adoption: a study of Victorian regional wineries

This paper reports on a study that determined some of the barriers that wineries perceived as inhibiting them from going online. The Rogers’ framework is used to classify and discuss some of the characteristics of the non-adopter that are identified in the study, whilst the Yellow Pages® Business Index (IT) is used to compare wineries to a national study. An important finding of the study is the high degree of non-computerisation amongst wineries, which is an inhibitor not only to Internet access, but also possibly to the efficient management of running a winery. The study also provides some evidence indicating that wineries may not have the same business objectives and characteristics as other manufacturing businesses, hence, the development of an Internet model may need to be tailored specifically around winery business management processes.
A NEW HIGH-YIELDING BIO-DISPERSANT PRODUCER MUTATED FROM RHODOCOCCUS ERYTHROPOLIS STRAIN P 6-4 P

Preeminent effectiveness and feasibility of dispersants have been the key reasons for their widely serving as the response agents in oil spill responses. Moreover, dispersants can also overcome the limitation factors of other countermeasures like accessibility, weather conditions, sea states, and oil thickness. However, the public concerns of the usages of the chemically synthetic dispersants are also essential due to their toxicity and persistency in the ecosystem. Bio-dispersants can be a promising alternative as the proven features of lower toxicity and persistency while with high effectiveness, but its broad application prospects are currently restricted by the high production cost that is 3-10 times more than chemical synthetic ones because of the low productivity. Thus, a hyper bio-dispersant producer will be the desired coping strategy. An isolated bio-dispersant producer from NL offshore, Rhodococcus erythropolis strain P6-4P was selected for generating high-yielding producers by mutation. After UV mutagenesis, 21 enhanced mutants were selected through oil spreading screening method. Further productivity quantify test of critical micelle dilution (CMD) with higher resolution was conducted to these mutants. An outstanding mutant showed CMD as high as 225 while 15.4 is the CMD of the wild type strain, which means the new mutant is 14.6 times increase. The 16S rDNA sequencing results revealed that the 16 S ribosomal DNA of the mutant 100% matched with the original strain indicating the mutation occurred on other parts of the genome which will be identified through next-generation sequencing and comparative analysis in the future study. This mutated high-yielding strain was capable to significantly improve the production rate and the total yield of bio-dispersants. The yield of crude bio-dispersant was 54g per liter with 6 days incubation. At 4mg/uL crude product/crude oil ratio, the dispersion effectiveness was found comparable to Corexit 9500A at 1:25 (dispersant/crude oil ratio). Future works on further mutagenesis base on this new high-producing strain by novel mutation methods were also discussed.
ONTOLOGY-BASED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND DISTRIBUTED INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN THE AEC- FM INDUSTRY

Decision-making in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction and Facility Management (AECFM) industry is highly distributed across individuals, organizations, national economies, and over a full facility lifecycle measured in decades. Information management in this environment presents problems to all concerned - the practitioners themselves, manufacturers and suppliers, regulators and even clients and users. For the AEC-FM industry, given its size, information management needs to be tackled through an orchestrated set of modest initiatives leading to a distributed set of interactive components– each able to function independently while serving the larger needs of the industry. A companion paper identifies and deals with three major levels at which the problems have to be solved. The top level is ontological and looks at how the industry might develop and maintain an agreed way of identifying and describing the entities about which data are accessed, processed and exchanged by its decision-makers. The second level is concerned with how this controlled vocabulary can be used to identify and make application specific resources (information, products, materials, and ICT tools) available to the project decision maker. The third level is concerned with making the resources from the other two levels available to support distributed decision-making. Ontology-based Software Engineering is a recent phenomenon wherein the development approach varies from creating more general tools to domain specific solution strategies. This paper reports on a prototype software package applicable at the top, industry-wide level, which demonstrates the feasibility and the desirability of ontological solutions specifically for the AEC-FM sector. The outcome could become part of infrastructure for sector-wide application development.
Flocking for Multiple Ellipsoidal Agents with Limited Communication Ranges

is paper contributes a design of distributed controllers for �ocking of mobile agents with an ellipsoidal shape and a limited communication range. A separation condition for ellipsoidal agents is �rst derived. Smooth step functions are then introduced. ese functions and the separation condition between the ellipsoidal agents are embedded in novel pairwise potential functions to design �ocking control algorithms. e proposed �ocking design results in (1) smooth controllers despite of the agents’ limited communication ranges, (2) no collisions between any agents, (3) asymptotic convergence of each agent’s generalized velocity to a desired velocity, and (4) boundedness of the �ock size, de�ned as the sum of all distances between the agents, by a constant.
Human Capital, Productivity and Growth

In this paper new estimates of human capital prices and quantities, taking into account technological change in human capital production and endogenous education choice, are presented for both Canada and the United States. The implications of the estimates for the sources of growth are examined. The most striking result is that adjusting the labour input for quality increases reduces the contribution of MFP growth in standard of living growth to zero. The largest part of this quality increase is not due to composition changes but instead to technological change in human capital production. Since most attempts at adjusting the labour input for quality changes only deal with composition, they cannot capture a large part of the quality change. The results suggest that technological improvement in human capital production could be the major source of standard of living growth in the last few decades.
Surveying the Customer Satisfaction of JavananKhayyer Fund with using of multi-component analysis

The population of this study is Customers of JavananKhayyer Fund in East Azerbaijan province. Data has collected from customers of JavananKhayyer Fund by through simple random sampling. To data gathering we used a questionnaire according to Likert Spectrum with study of variables. The study variables are personnel (friendship, cooperation, and skill), Productions (diversity, conditions, cost), Services (technology, in the waiting queue, inform, Administrative Process), Access (geographic dispersion, abundance branches) and image (name and reputation, loyalty). Questionnaires reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha via SPSS software that is 0.86. In order to analyze the data resulted from collected questionnaires deductive and descriptive statistical methods are used, and to display some statistical data we used column diagram and in deductive level to test the questions of the research we used Ordinal regression method and multi-component analysis. The analysis has performed with SPSS.Findings shows that there is a high level of satisfaction in JavananehKhayyer Fund and customer satisfaction average level is 73.4%. Services component 65 %, Image component 70 %, personnel and Access components 60 % and Productions component 87 % have estimated.
Elections in Nigeria: Is the Third Time a Charm?

Extracted from text . 30 30 ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA IS THE THIRD TIME A CHARM? By A Carl LeVan, Titi Pitso, Bodunrin Adebo A Carl LeVan is a PhD candidate in the Department of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, California 92093-0521 USA; Tel: + (1) 619-865-4255; Fax: + (1) 858-534-7130; e-mail: clevan@ucsd.edu Titi Pitso is Elections Consultant at the African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes, Private Bag X018 Umhlanga Rocks 4320 South Africa; Tel: +27 31 502 3908; Fax: +27 31 502 4160; e-mail: jpitso@hotmail.com Bodunrin Adebo is Program Officer of the .