Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer prevention, among women residing in an urban slum in Lagos, South West, Nigeria

Introduction cervical cancer is the most common genital tract malignancy among women in Nigeria. Cancer of the cervix is preceded by a curable premalignant stage which can be detected by screening. The disease can also be prevented by Human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization. Women living in slums usually have poor reproductive health knowledge and poor health behaviours. Mostly of low socioeconomic status, these women are at higher risk of cervical cancer. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and preventive practices towards cervical cancer among women living in an urban slum in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods this descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 305 women of reproductive age in Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria. Multistage sampling method was used to select respondents. Data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaires. Analysis was done with SPSS 20 software. Results only 39 (12.8%) had heard about cervical cancer. Knowledge of cervical cancer, screening and Human papilloma virus (HPV) immunization was poor. Most respondents (64.3%) did not consider themselves at risk for cervical cancer. However, majority (88.9%) were willing to undergo screening and 93.8% were willing to take HPV immunization or recommend the vaccine to a friend/relative. Only 2(0.7%) had done a cervical cancer screening test and none had taken HPV vaccine or immunized their eligible daughters. Conclusion there is thus the need for increased awareness creation and health education programs on cervical cancer prevention among such population of women.
Gender Classification of EEG Signals using a Motif Attribute Classification Ensemble

Effective analysis of EEG signals remains a challenging task. So far, the analysis and conditioning of EEG have largely remained gender-neutral. This paper explores the evidence of gender effects on EEG signals and confirms the generality of these effects by achieving successful gender prediction through EEG signals. Specifically, we propose a novel statistical feature representation that captures the gender discrepancy, and design a customized classification ensemble framework to overcome the non-stationary characteristics in EEG signals, utilizing findings obtained through several machine learning techniques including clustering, visualization, and metric learning. Apart from gender differentiation, the age effect on EEG gender patterns is also revealed.
Vasculitis renal ANCA+ con biopsia renal inicial inespecífica. La importancia de rebiopsiar

Describimos 2 pacientes de 72 años, que debutan con un síndrome pulmón­riñón con clínica compatible con vasculitis sistémica ANCA+ pero con biopsia renal inespecífica. No obstante, pocos meses después (5 y 11, respectivamente) y ante una recidiva similar a la previa, pero con mayor afectación renal, se hizo en ambos una nueva biopsia renal que demos­ tró una vasculitis renal pauciinmune tipo crescentic. Concluimos que las vasculitis sistémicas ANCA+ pueden tener lesio­ nes renales iniciales inespecíficas y que para su diagnóstico definitivo es necesaria una segunda biopsia para confirmar la afectación renal y programar un adecuado tratamiento.
Wetlands and aquatic processes

Acid mine drainage (AMD) has impacted more than 3200 km (2000 miles) of streams in West Virginia. Constructed wetlands have been used for passive AMD treatment since the early 1980s, and plant growth studies in constructed wetlands are scarce. Two populations of woolgrass [Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth], a bulrush species common in naturally present AMD wetlands, were investigated to determine population level differences in aboveground and belowground growth response to AMD. Differences at the level of population were found in aboveground parameters. One population had significantly greater aboveground growth than the other population during portions of the growing season when growing in AMD, suggesting greater ability to grow in AMD wetlands. Differences at the level of population were also found for root growth: however, the root growth response to AMD was not different between populations. Treatment with AMD slightly increased aboveground growth but reduced belowground growth. This suggests a potential for differential allocation to different growth components under AMD treatment. These results suggest there is a potential for selecting genotypes of woolgrass for increased performance in the presence of AMD.
Phytochemical traits underlie genotypic variation in susceptibility of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) to browsing by a keystone forest ungulate

Overbrowsing by ungulates is a major cause of poor aspen stand regeneration across North America and Eurasia. In general, factors driving ungulate browser preferences include concentrations of plant secondary compounds and the nutritional composition (non‐structural carbohydrates, protein and minerals) of foliage. While each of these phytochemical factors has been shown to independently influence ungulate preference, the relative impact of each factor is unknown, as no study to date has examined them simultaneously. Plant fitness depends not only on the capacity of plants to resist browsing, but also on their capacity to tolerate browsing once it has occurred. Little is known of aspen tolerance to browsing, which inflicts a different form of damage than insect herbivory. We employed multiple aspen genotypes, replicate trees of which were subjected to different soil nutrient treatments, to investigate: (i) the effects of aspen genotype, nutrient treatment and genotype × nutrient interactions on susceptibility to browsing by white‐tailed deer, (ii) the phytochemical basis for the patterns observed in (i), and (iii) the effects of genotype, soil nutrients and their interaction on short‐term tolerance to deer browsing. Aspen genotypes varied markedly in their vernal susceptibility to deer browsing. Genetic variation in early season levels of non‐structural carbohydrates (sugars), protein and multiple macro‐ and trace minerals had the strongest influence on tree susceptibility to browsing. In contrast, levels of phytochemical defences had minimal effects, although the range of levels expressed in this study was small. Soil nutrient availability did not significantly influence deer preference. The extent of browsing affected post‐browse tolerance across genotypes. Soil nutrient treatment had little differential effect on tolerance, and, for the most part, genotypes did not display differential tolerance to browsing, regardless of which soil nutrient treatment they experienced. Synthesis. Genetic variation for susceptibility to browsing indicates that ungulate browsers have the potential to be agents of selection in aspen populations. In contrast with previous studies in aspen highlighting the importance of phytochemical defences in shaping preferences of browsing mammals, our results indicate that the nutritional composition of foliage (sugars, protein and mineral concentrations) can have sizable effects on preference. The observed lack of influence of soil nutrient availability on tree browsing tolerance contrasts with predictions of the limiting resource model, the prevailing model for plant tolerance.
Innate Immunity

M any different cell types of the innate immune system can recognize pathogens and tumor cells, and it is their quick response that constitutes the first line of defense against infectious agents and malignant transformation. Innate immunity against microbes and tumors can be initiated and/or executed by macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and others. The biological consequences of pathogen recognition by these cell types are elimination of the pathogen and the induction of expression of costimulatory molecules, cytokines, and chemokines that facilitate development of the adaptive immune response. In addition, macrophages and dendritic cells can internalize apoptotic cells and cellular debris, as well as pathogenic organisms, and in this fashion eliminate cellular waste and noxious agents.
Effects of High Dietary Levels of Selenium and Copper on Growth Performance, Selected Blood Biochemical Parameters and Antibody Production Against Newcastle Disease Vaccine Virus in Broiler Chickens

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of high dietary levels of selenium (as sodium selenite) and copper (as copper sulphate) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and antibody production against Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV) virus in broiler chickens. A total of 160 Ross 308 unsexed day old broiler chickens were randomly allocated into four treatment groups (n=40 per group) each comprising four replicates (n=10 per replicate). Group 1 was served as control and the chickens in this group were fed a standard diet without any selenium or copper supplementation. Chickens in Group 2 received a diet with selenium supplementation at the rate of 1 mg/kg of feed; Group 3 received a diet with copper supplementation at the rate of 200 mg/kg of feed; Group 4 received a diet supplemented with a combination of 1 mg/kg selenium and 200 mg/kg copper. Combined supplementation of selenium and copper decreased feed intake and body weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio (P 0.05). Serum uric acid and triglycerides concentrations decreased (P 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effects on antibody titres against NDV at day 28 of age (P>0.05); antibody titres against NDV, however, decreased at day 42 of age in broilers receiving a combination of copper and selenium (P<0.05). The results clearly indicate a negative interaction between the usage of sodium selenite and copper sulphate on growth performance in broiler chickens. More studies should be performed to clarify the action modes of such effects.
Experience‐based food consumption by larvae of Pieris rapae: addiction to glucosinolates?

When newly hatched larvae of P. rapae were transferred to cowpea foliage, they readily accepted this non‐host as food, whereas later instars that had fed on cabbage rejected cowpea. However, when cowpea leaf discs were treated with aqueous extracts of cabbage foliage, they were accepted by cabbage‐reared larvae. Experiments were conducted to determine whether larvae reared on one host plant would be stimulated to feed by extracts of other hosts. Larvae reared on Brassica juncea, Cleome spinosa, Tropaeolum majus, Sinapis alba, Alliaria petiolata, Barbarea vulgaris and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) were offered extracts of each of the other host plants on cowpea discs in choice assays. Larvae were generally stimulated to feed by extracts of all the alternate hosts, but quantitative differences in consumption occurred. In most cases, levels of discrimination between treatment and control cowpea discs showed no significant preference for extracts of the previously experienced plant. Since the test plants (and their extracts) contain glucosinolates of widely different structures, a general addiction to glucosinolates was suggested. A single glucosinolate, sinigrin, was sufficient to elicit feeding by cabbage‐reared larvae. The time required for individual neonates to become addicted to glucosinolates as they fed on cabbage, as measured by refusal of cowpea, varied from 6 to 30 hours. Bioassays of cowpea extracts failed to show any deterrent activity and, therefore, supported the conclusion that addiction to glucosinolates is responsible for the fixation of P. rapae larvae on their host plants.
Behavioral Choice Treatment Promotes Continuing Weight Loss: Preliminary Results of a Cognitive-Behavioral Decision-Based Treatment for Obesity

Twenty-four obese women were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 group treatments: behavioral choice treatment (BCT) or traditional behavioral treatment (TBT). BCT uses decision theory to promote moderate behavior change that can be comfortably, and therefore permanently, maintained. Groups completed a moderate-intensity walking program and obtained feedback from computerized eating dairies. The TBT group evidenced greater weight loss at posttreatment. However, the TBT group also evidenced a trend to regain weight, whereas the BCT group continued a slow weight loss during follow-up. Exercise followed a similar pattern. Both groups decreased in restraint and increased in self-esteem.
Detection of Protein‐Protein Interactions by Coprecipitation

Coprecipitation of proteins from whole‐cell extracts is a valuable approach to test for physical interactions between proteins of interest. This unit describes basic approaches to immunoprecipitating tagged proteins from whole‐cell extracts. The approaches described can be adapted for other systems. In a typical experiment, as described here, cells are lysed and a whole‐cell extract is prepared under nondenaturing conditions. The protein is precipitated from the lysate with a solid‐phase affinity matrix and the precipitate is tested for the presence of a second specifically associated protein. The approach can be used for native or epitope‐tagged proteins for which antibodies are available, or for recombinant proteins that have been engineered to bind with high affinity to a molecule that can be coupled to a solid‐phase matrix.
Evaluation to improve the quality of medication preparation and administration in pediatric and adult intensive care units

Purpose To determine the type, frequency, and factors associated with medication preparation and administration errors in adult intensive care units (ICUs) and neonatal ICUs (NICUs)/pediatric ICUs (PICUs). Patients and methods We conducted a prospective direct observation study in an adult ICU and NICU/PICU in a tertiary university hospital. Between June 2012 and June 2013, a clinical pharmacist and medical student observed the nursing care staff on weekdays during the preparation and administration of intravenous drugs. We analyzed the frequency and type of preparation and administration errors and factors associated with errors. Results Six hundred and three preparations in the adult ICU and 281 in the NICU/PICU were observed. Three hundred and eighty-five errors occurred in the adult ICU and 38 in the NICU/PICU. There were 5,040 and 2,514 error opportunities, with overall error rates of 7.6% and 1.5%, respectively. The total opportunities for error meant each single step of preparation and administration that was relevant for the drug. Most errors applied to the category “uniform mixing” (adult ICU: n=227, 59%; NICU/PICU: n=14, 37%). The multivariate logistic regression results showed a significantly different influence of the “preparation type” for the adult ICU compared with the NICU/PICU with regard to the occurrence of an error. Preparations for adult patients of the LCD type (liquid concentrate with diluent into syringe or infusion bag) were more often associated with errors than the P (powder in a glass vial that must be reconstituted and diluted if necessary), P=0.012, and LC (liquid concentrate into syringe), P=0.002 type. Conclusion “Uniform mixing” was the most erroneous preparation step in intravenous drug preparations in two ICUs. Improvement of nurse training and the preparation of prefilled syringes in the pharmacy might reduce errors and improve the quality and safety of drug therapy.
Linkage disequilibrium in the estimation of genetic and demographic parameters of extensively raised chicken populations

Smallholder farmers in Africa and other developing countries raise village chickens under low input production systems characterised by minimal management and veterinary interventions. However, village chickens have a major contribution to village communities as a source of protein, income and cultural needs. The village chickens are described as nondescript birds that have not been developed as a breed and with uncharacterised genetic attributes. Local chickens are found in the most marginalised farming systems, to which they have adapted and survived the harsh production and environmental conditions. Such survival and adaptive attributes need to be characterised, conserved, and utilised. Several studies on Southern African local chickens have revealed high genetic variation within and among the village chicken populations and indicated that village chickens contribute diversity that is unique and different from that of commercial and specialised chicken populations. The availability of whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data facilitates the use of powerful statistical methods for in depth investigations into the evolutionary history and population demographics of village chickens. Linkage disequilibrium (LD), as a function of effective population size, has been used to estimate rate and level of inbreeding as well as selection pressures in the absence of pedigree information. The extent and distribution of LD in the genome has been exploited to shed light on the origin and domestication of animals and facilitate an understanding of breeds' relatedness. The Illumina iSelect chicken 60K SNP chip has over 54 000 SNPs that have found application in population and quantitative genetics studies and has revealed demographic history, effective population size and level of genetic erosion in commercial and traditional/village chicken populations. The recent launching of the 600 K Affymetrix® Axiom® HD genotyping array for chickens and the ever decreasing cost of sequencing will see improved estimation of LD and the associated population parameters.
A 40-Year-Old Male Presenting with Hereditary Multiple Exostosis: Management and Considerations

Hereditary multiple exostosis is a rare condition in which numerous benign osteochondromas form throughout the body, typically in areas of high bone turnover such as the metaphyseal plates of long bones. While many of these lesions remain clinically asymptomatic, other growth locations can lead to excruciating pain, limit a joint's range of motion, and compromise neurovascular structures. These patients undergo multiple surgeries throughout their lifetime in order to remove symptomatic osteochondromas. Due to deformities and changes in bone structure, these patients also suffer from significant arthritis which may also require surgery. It is important that a skilled orthopedic surgeon follow these patients in order to help them make informed decisions and limit the number of surgeries within their lifetime. The purpose of this case report is to discuss one instance in which a patient's significant arthritis was operatively managed in the setting of hereditary multiple exostosis.
Antidiabetic activity in vitro and in vivo of BDB, a selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, from Rhodomela confervoides

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B (PTP1B) plays a critical role in the regulation of obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases. However, drug candidates exhibiting PTP1B selectivity and oral bioavailability are currently lacking. Here, the enzyme inhibitory characteristics and pharmacological benefits of 3‐bromo‐4,5‐bis(2,3‐dibromo‐4,5‐dihydroxybenzyl)‐1,2‐benzenediol (BDB) were investigated in vitro and in vivo.
Influence of Acid Treatment on Physicochemical Properties of Aged Rice Flour

This study investigated the influence of citric acid and ascorbic acid solutions (0.0–0.9% w/w) on the physicochemical properties of 12 month aged rice flour (aged) using 0.7 month rice flour (fresh) as the reference. The results showed that rice storage did not affect the chemical composition. However, 12 month aged rice flour showed an increase in formation of disulfide bonds and amylose-lipid complexes which could restrict starch granules from swelling during gelatinization. Moreover, 12 month aged rice flour showed an increase in gelatinization temperature and enthalpy. Acid treatment did not break the formed disulfide bond but reduced the protein content in the acid-treated 12 month aged rice flour producing a significant increase in granular swelling and thus increased peak viscosity (p ≤ 0.05) but caused a reduction in retrogradation. The excess concentration (0.9% w/w acid solution) induced granule rupture. Aging of rice also affected the textural properties of freeze-thaw gels, increasing the hardness value but this was reduced by the addition of acids.
Partial Melting of Depleted Peridotite in the Earth's Upper Mantle and Implications for Generation of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts

Peridotite in the earth's upper mantle undergoes polybaric, fractional melting as it rises adiabatically beneath mid-ocean spreading ridges. As liquid is continually extracted, peridotite becomes increasingly depleted in incompatible components. The amounts and compositions of partial melts of depleted peridotite are important parameters in models of MORB petrogenesis, but have not been well-constrained previously. I present partial melting experiments on a depleted peridotite composition at 10 kbar and 1250–1390°C. My experiments make use of small aggregates of glassy carbon particles into which partial melt is extracted at high temperature. I have been able to analyze low degree partial melts ( Melts of depleted peridotite differ in important ways from melts of fertile peridotite, mostly due to lower alkali contents and chemical consequences thereof. At low melt fractions, melts of depleted peridotite have less SiO₂, more CaO, and higher CaO/Al₂O₃ than melts of fertile peridotite at the same melt fraction. According to these results and others in the literature, solidus temperature is a linear function of incompatible major element content. Melt fraction at cpx-out is proportional to normative cpx in source peridotite. Liquid compositions from this study are in good agreement with calculations using the quantitative models of Kinzler and Grove (1992a), Langmuir et al. (1992), and Ghiorso and Sack (1995). Calculations of polybaric, fractional melting of primitive mantle using the models of Langmuir et al. (1992) and Asimow (1997) indicate that about half of all liquid contributed to MORB is formed by partial melting of depleted peridotite. The data presented in this thesis provide information about amounts and compositions of partial melts formed from depleted peridotite, an important upper mantle constituent beneath mid-ocean ridges, and can be used to improve quantitative models of MORB primary magma formation and further our understanding of MORB petrogenesis.
Rational Choice and Biopolitics: A (Darwinian) Tale of Two Theories

In a recent paper (Somit and Peterson 1998), we discussed the relative successes and failures of “biopolitics” since it emerged as an identifiable subfield within political science during the mid-1960s (see also Degler 1991). Toward that end, we addressed two questions. First, we assessed the extent to which biopolitics has established itself organizationally as a field within the parent discipline. Second, and substantively surely more important, we measured the extent to which evolutionary concepts and the methods and research questions of the biological sciences have been incorporated within mainstream political science. Although obviously interrelated, these are clearly quite distinct issues. The resulting balance sheet, we reluctantly concluded, makes at best bittersweet reading.