Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dental and periodontal health and treatment needs in a mother/child rural Puerto Rican population.

BACKGROUND Oral research directed toward the maternal and child dyads is important because mothers are a source of dental caries pathogens and are the health behavior managers and trainers of children. The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the oral health status of the mothers in a sample of 100 children aged 12 to 60 months from a rural community in Puerto Rico, and 2) to compare the children with their mothers' oral health status. METHODS A sample of 71 women and 100 of their children, (Mean Age = 28.8 years +/- 9.0, and 36.41 mos +/- 18.2, respectively) were evaluated for DMFT/S and periodontal health or deft/s. A NIDCR calibrated dentist performed all dental evaluations of children and mothers utilizing NIDCR criteria. Descriptive statistics were produced. RESULTS Mothers' bleeding point prevalence in at least one site was 63%; prevalence of at least one site with pocket depth of 4 to 6 mm was 37 %. Calculus prevalence was, no calculus 25%, supragingival calculus 56.7%, subgingival calculus 2.2%, supra and sub gingival calculus 16.3%. Mean Dental Indices for mothers were DMFS (16.51 -/+ 0.02), DMFT (12.20 +/- 6.76), Caries (2.93 +/- 2.86), Filling (7.07 +/- 8.76), Missing (2.93 +/- 4.53). Children's Mean Dental Indices were defs (4.32 +/- 9.7), deft (2.30 +/- 4.0), decalcifications lesions (1.36 +/-1.9), caries (1.96 +/- 3.2) and surfaces caries (3.81 +/- 8.68), fillings (0.22 +/- 0.83) and extracted teeth (0.043 +/- 0.45). CONCLUSIONS Significant levels of treated and untreated caries and gingival disease were observed in this sample. The importance for primary and secondary prevention, as well as treatment for periodontal and dental disease, in rural Puerto Rican communities is evident from this investigation.
Human activity monitoring using incremental SVM in health care domain

Human activity detection recognizes the human body activity from different variation in human body size and different activity scope. This area of research is become more interesting because of various human body movement style. The main goal of human activity detection is to detect normal and abnormal action which helps to make human life more comfortable. The support vector machine is used in the first step for initial classification and then each decision accepted from new frame is used to update the classifier. In the field of human activity detection, the detection of abnormal activity is still a research problem, with respect to large human movement. As in hospital, monitoring patient and giving special manpower to each patient is difficult and more costly hence the proposed system helps to monitor abnormal patient activity and provide instant help to the patient. As there is a lack of patient dataset we prepare a dataset and experiment the proposed system.
Effects of pre- and postnatal maternal stress on infant temperament and autonomic nervous system reactivity and regulation in a diverse, low-income population

Abstract We examined the prospective associations of objective and subjective measures of stress during pregnancy with infant stress reactivity and regulation, an early-life predictor of psychopathology. In a racially and ethnically diverse low-income sample of 151 mother–infant dyads, maternal reports of stressful life events (SLE) and perceived stress (PS) were collected serially over gestation and the early postpartum period. Infant reactivity and regulation at 6 months of age was assessed via maternal report of temperament (negativity, surgency, and regulation) and infant parasympathetic nervous system physiology (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) during the Still Face Paradigm. Regression models predicting infant temperament showed higher maternal prenatal PS predicted lower surgency and self-regulation but not negativity. Regression models predicting infant physiology showed higher numbers of SLE during gestation predicted greater RSA reactivity and weaker recovery. Tests of interactions revealed SLE predicted RSA reactivity only at moderate to high levels of PS. Thus, findings suggest objective and subjective measures of maternal prenatal stress uniquely predict infant behavior and physiology, adjusting for key pre- and postnatal covariates, and advance the limited evidence for such prenatal programming within high-risk populations. Assessing multiple levels of maternal stress and offspring stress reactivity and regulation provides a richer picture of intergenerational transmission of adversity.
The potential for optimal (less than or equal to 2 cm) cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian carcinoma at a tertiary medical center: a prospective study.

From November 1980 to April 1985, 50 consecutive previously untreated patients with FIGO Stage III and IV ovarian cancer were entered into a prospective trial to evaluate what percentage of such patients could have their tumors optimally cytoreduced (residual cancer less than or equal to 2 cm), what operation is required to achieve this goal, and what is the associated morbidity. Optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 76% of the 50 cases and in 77% of 18 cases referred as "inoperable. " To achieve this goal, the six most common operations performed in descending order of frequency were bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (100%), hysterectomy (98%), omental resection (86%), peritoneal tumor resection (40%), intestinal resection (36%), and gastrocolic ligament resection (16%). Fifty-eight percent of the patients had no major complications. The most significant complications were congestive heart failure in 4% and pulmonary embolus in 4%. Ninety-four percent of the patients had chemotherapy initiated in less than or equal to 14 postoperative days. It is concluded that approximately three-fourths of patients with advanced Stage III and IV ovarian carcinoma can have their tumors resected to less than or equal to 2 cm in greatest diameter. The value of such therapy on ultimate response to chemotherapy and survival will have to await longer follow-up, and will be the subject of a subsequent report.
Analysis of the Influence of Compensation Capacitance Errors of a Wireless Power Transfer System with SS Topology

In this study, in order to determine the reasonable accuracy of the compensation capacitances satisfying the requirements on the output characteristics for a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, taking the series-series (SS) compensation structure as an example, the calculation formulas of the output characteristics, such as the power factor, output power, coil transfer efficiency, and capacitors’ voltage stress, are given under the condition of incomplete compensation according to circuit theory. The influence of compensation capacitance errors on the output characteristics of the system is then analyzed. The Taylor expansions of the theoretical formulas are carried out to simplify the formulas. The influence degrees of compensation capacitance errors on the output characteristics are calculated according to the simplified formulas. The reasonable error ranges of the compensation capacitances are then determined according to the requirements of the output characteristics of the system in the system design. Finally, the validity of the theoretical analysis and the simplified processing is verified through experiments. The proposed method has a certain guiding role for practical engineering design, especially in mass production.
Supplementation with Probiotics in the First 6 Months of Life Did Not Protect against Eczema and Allergy in At-Risk Asian Infants: A 5-Year Follow-Up

Background: Healthy gut microflora is essential for oral tolerance and immunity. A promising approach to preventing allergic diseases in genetically at-risk infants is to introduce administration of probiotics early in life when their immune system is still relatively immature. Objective: In this follow-up study, we aim to determine if early-life supplementation with strains of probiotics has any long-term effect on allergic outcomes. Methods: We analyzed the charts and electronic databases of the PROMPT (Probiotics in Milk for the Prevention of Atopy Trial) study cohort. This cohort consisted of 253 infants at risk for allergy who were administered cow's milk supplemented with or without probiotics from the first day of life to the age of 6 months. The cohort was then followed up until the children were 5 years old and clinical outcomes were assessed. Results: Of the 253 children recruited into the study, 220 (87%) completed the follow-up. At the age of 5 years, there were no significant differences between the groups in the proportion of children who had developed any asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, food allergy and sensitization to inhalant allergens. Similar growth rates were observed in both groups. Conclusions: The supplementation of probiotics in early childhood did not play a role in the prevention of allergic diseases. Clinical/Key Message: Early-life supplementation with probiotics did not change allergic outcomes at 5 years of age.
E proteins of bacteriophage P22. I. Identification and ejection from wild-type and defective particles

Of the nine proteins found in the virion of phage P22, four are ejected into the cell after adsorption. The four ejected proteins, termed E proteins, are gp16, gp20, gp26, and gp7. This was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radioactively labeled phage that had been adsorbed to cells and then eluted off the surface with distilled water. Phage particles that lack gp7 (7- particles) or gp20 (20- particles) successfully eject all their E proteins. The 16- particles do not eject gp7. Analysis of phage ghosts showed that they lack gp16, gp20, and gp7, but they have gp26 in close to normal quantities. Our results suggest roles for gp16 and gp26 in DNA and E protein ejection. All four E proteins are possible candidates for roles in helping the phage DNA cross the plasma membrane.
Addiction and addiction medicine: exploring opportunities for the general practitioner

Addiction medicine deals with problems arising from the use of psychoactive substances, and encompasses the disciplines of general practice and primary care, psychiatry, psychology, internal medicine, public health, pharmacology and sociology. Addiction is a chronic, relapsing illness that is difficult to cure. There are now effective, evidence‐based interventions for the prevention and treatment of substance misuse disorders. Harm minimisation and treatment are more cost‐effective than policing and supply‐reduction methods of responding to substance misuse.
In‐vivo effects of the 1,2,4‐piperazine derivatives MM5 and MC1, putative 5‐HT agonists, on dopamine and serotonin release in rat prefrontal cortex

Two 1,2,4‐substituted derivatives of piperazine were tested for their effect on dopamine and serotonin (5‐HT) release in rat prefrontal cortex. Both compounds, 1‐[4‐(4‐chinolin‐2‐yl‐piperazin‐1‐yl)‐butyl]piperidin‐2‐on (MM5) and 1‐[4‐(2‐methyl‐4‐chinolin‐2‐yl‐piperazin‐1‐yl)‐butyl]‐8‐azaspiro [4.5]decano‐7,9‐dion (MC1), produced hypothermia in mice and showed affinity for 5‐HT1A receptors in‐vitro. Like the selective 5‐HT1A agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT (0.1 mg kg−1), MM5 given peripherally (30 mg kg−1) decreased the extracellular 5‐HT level in rat prefrontal cortex, while MC1 suppressed 5‐HT release at a higher dose (40 mg kg−1), but not at a lower one (30 mg kg−1). The effect of both compounds on 5‐HT release was abolished by WAY 100635 (0.3 mg kg−1). MC1 (30 and 40 mg kg−1), but not MM5, raised cortical dopamine, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and extracellular homovanillic acid (HVA) levels. The effect of MC1 on dopamine release was reversed by neither WAY 100635 nor the non‐selective 5‐HT2 antagonist ritanserin (2 mg kg−1). However, ritanserin prevented the effect of the higher dose of MC1 on 5‐HT release. The results of this study suggest that MM5 exhibits the profile of a 5‐HT1A agonist devoid of dopaminergic activity. MC1 seems to possess moderate agonist activity at 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT2A receptors, while acting on 5‐HT release in the rat prefrontal cortex. However, the facilitation of dopamine release by this compound does not seem to be related to its affinity for 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT2A receptors.
Economic structure of fishing activity: an analysis of mackerel fishery management in the Basque Country

This paper analyses the activity of the Basque fleet during the mackerel fishing season and presents an economic analysis of the equilibrium of this fishery. It seeks to determine whether its economic structure represents an internal factor explaining the fishermen’s behaviour. The inverse demand function and the average cost function are therefore estimated. Moreover, the analysis conducted here also takes into account the institutional dimension by factoring in current fishery regulation measures. Conclusions are drawn as to whether the incentives provided by the management measures and the strategy of fishermen are optimal on the basis of the estimated economic functions.
Carboxypeptidase U (TAFIa) prevents lysis from proceeding into the propagation phase through a threshold‐dependent mechanism

Summary. In an in vitro clot lysis model in human plasma, carboxypeptidase U (CPU) is generated by thrombin following the coagulation and by plasmin at the later stage of clot lysis. CPU is able to slow down clot lysis by suppressing the cofactor activity of partially degraded fibrin in the plasminogen activation by tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA). Making use of thrombomodulin and a thrombin inhibitor, the generation of CPU during the in vitro clot lysis can be manipulated both in terms of magnitude and time course. The data obtained demonstrate that CPU affects the clot dissolution through a threshold‐dependent mechanism: as long as the CPU activity remains above the threshold value, lysis is prevented from proceeding into the propagation phase. From the moment the CPU activity drops below this threshold value, the rate of lysis accelerates. This threshold value for CPU activity is dictated by the t‐PA concentration: increasing the t‐PA concentration increases the CPU threshold and vice versa. This implies that the effect of the CPU pathway will become more apparent at a lower fibrinolytic capacity. Our threshold‐based hypothesis indicates that the time course of proCPU activation, the stability of CPU and the t‐PA concentration all play a crucial role in determining the result of the in vitro clot lysis experiment. Furthermore, this hypothesis provides us with new insights into previously published data on the effects of CPU on in vitro clot lysis by high and low t‐PA concentrations.
Precocious Albion: A New Interpretation of the British Industrial Revolution

Many explanations have been offered for the British Industrial Revolution. This article points to the importance of human capital (broadly defined) and the quality of the British labor force on the eve of the Industrial Revolution. It shows that in terms of both physical quality and mechanical skills, British workers around 1750 were at a much higher level than their continental counterparts. As a result, new inventions—no matter where they originated—were adopted earlier, faster, and on a larger scale in Britain than elsewhere. The gap in labor quality is consistent with the higher wages paid in eighteenth-century Britain. The causes for the higher labor quality are explored and found to be associated with a higher level of nutrition and better institutions, especially England’s Poor Law and the superior functioning of its apprenticeship system.
Characterizing Uncertainty in Air Pollution Damage Estimates

This study uses Monte Carlo methods to characterize the uncertainty associated with per-ton damage estimates for 100 power plants in the contiguous United States (U.S.) This analysis focuses on damage estimates produced by an Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) for emissions of two local air pollutants: sulfur dioxide (SO2) and . ne particulate matter (PM2:5). For each power plant, the Monte Carlo procedure yields an empirical distribution for the damage per ton of SO2 and PM2:5:For a power plant in New York, one ton of SO2 produces $5,160 in damages with a 90% percentile interval between $1,000 and $14,090. A ton of PM2:5 emitted from the same facility causes $17,790 worth of damages with a 90% percentile interval of $3,780 and $47,930. Results for the sample of 100 fossil-fuel . red power plants shows a strong spatial pattern in the marginal damage distributions. The degree of variability increases by plant location from east to west. This result highlights the importance of capturing uncertainty in air quality modeling in the empirical marginal damage distributions. Further, by isolating uncertainty at each module in the IAM we . nd that uncertainty associated with the dose-response parameter, which captures the in.uence of exposure to PM2:5 on adult mortality rates, the mortality valuation parameter, and the air quality model exert the greatest in.uence on cumulative uncertainty. The paper also demonstrates how the marginal damage distributions may be used to guide regulators in the design of more efficient market-based air pollution policy in the U.S.
Mycobacterium gordonae urinary infection in a renal transplant recipient

Abstract: The authors present a case of urinary infection by a non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species, Mycobacterium gordonae, in a renal transplant recipient. A 29‐year‐old female patient had persistent sterile pyuria after her second kidney transplant. An NTM, M. gordonae, was isolated, and the patient was started on antituberculous treatment, with resolution of leukocyturia. Ureteral stenosis with hydronephrosis and deterioration of allograft function was diagnosed later on and, despite the introduction of intraureteral catheter and resolution of hydronephrosis, there was no recovery of baseline renal function. She ultimately resumed dialysis after a severe pyelonephritis. The authors discuss the problems of establishing diagnosis of infection (versus colonization) by NTM and highlight the difficulty of treating these infections, especially because of the possible interaction with immunosuppressant agents, facilitating anti‐allograft immune response.
Enhancement of calcium signalling dynamics and stability by delayed modulation of the plasma‐membrane calcium‐ATPase in human T cells

In addition to its homeostatic role of maintaining low resting levels of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), the plasma‐membrane calcium‐ATPase (PMCA) may actively contribute to the generation of complex Ca2+ signals. We have investigated the role of the PMCA in shaping Ca2+ signals in Jurkat human leukaemic T cells using single‐cell voltage‐clamp and calcium‐imaging techniques. Crosslinking the T‐cell receptor with the monoclonal antibody OKT3 induces a biphasic elevation in [Ca2+]i consisting of a rapid overshoot to a level > 1 μM, followed by a slow decay to a plateau of ≈0.5 μM. A similar overshoot was triggered by a constant level of Ca2+ influx through calcium‐release‐activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels in thapsigargin‐treated cells, due to a delayed increase in the rate of Ca2+ clearance by the PMCA. Following a rise in [Ca2+]i, PMCA activity increased in two phases: a rapid increase followed by a further calcium‐dependent increase of up to approximately fivefold over 10‐60 s, termed modulation. After the return of [Ca2+]i to baseline levels, the PMCA recovered slowly from modulation (τ≈4 min), effectively retaining a ‘memory’ of the previous [Ca2+]i elevation. Using a Michaelis‐Menten model with appropriate corrections for cytoplasmic Ca2+ buffering, we found that modulation extended the dynamic range of PMCA activity by increasing both the maximal pump rate and Ca2+ sensitivity (reduction of KM). A simple flux model shows how pump modulation and its reversal produce the initial overshoot of the biphasic [Ca2+]i response. The modulation of PMCA activity enhanced the stability of Ca2+ signalling by adjusting the efflux rate to match influx through CRAC channels, even at high [Ca2+]i levels that saturate the transport sites and would otherwise render the cell defenceless against additional Ca2+ influx. At the same time, the delay in modulation enables small Ca2+ fluxes to transiently elevate [Ca2+]i, thus enhancing Ca2+ signalling dynamics.
Cyclooxygenase-independent Induction of Apoptosis by Sulindac Sulfone Is Mediated by Polyamines in Colon Cancer*

Sulindac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory prodrug, is metabolized into pharmacologically active sulfide and sulfone derivatives. Sulindac sulfide, but not sulindac sulfone, inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme activities, yet both derivatives have growth inhibitory effects on colon cancer cells. Microarray analysis was used to detect COX-independent effects of sulindac on gene expression in human colorectal cells. Spermidine/sperm-ine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene, which encodes a polyamine catabolic enzyme, was induced by clinically relevant sulindac sulfone concentrations. Northern blots confirmed increased SSAT RNA levels in these colon cancer cells. Deletion analysis and mutational studies were done to map the sulindac sulfone-dependent response sequences in the SSAT 5′-flanking sequences. This led us to the identification of two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) response elements (PPREs) in the SSAT gene. PPRE-2, at +48 bases relative to the transcription start site, is required for the induction of SSAT by sulindac sulfone and is specifically bound by PPARγ in the Caco-2 cells as shown by transfection and gel shift experiments. PPRE-1, at–323 bases relative to the start site, is not required for the induction of SSAT by sulindac sulfone but can be bound by both PPARδ and PPARγ. Sulindac sulfone reduced cellular polyamine contents in the absence but not in the presence of verapamil, an inhibitor of the export of monoacetyl diamines, inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. The induced apoptosis could be partially rescued by exogenous putrescine. These data suggest that apoptosis induced by sulindac sulfone is mediated, in part, by the COX-independent, PPAR-dependent transcriptional activation of SSAT, leading to reduced tissue polyamine contents in human colon cancer cells.
A Service-Oriented User Interface for the Next Generation Web

The Web enters a new era where contents are to take the back seat and services will take the driver seat to form a service-oriented Web. This paper presents a service-oriented user interface design for the next generation Web. The design leverages the advances of semantic Web and service composition technologies to provide an intelligent and generic user interface to query, compose and execute Web services for a variety of user tasks. First, a simple cost model is developed for estimating the development and learning overheads of Web service interfaces for service-oriented applications as the motivation of this work. Then, the authors present the design of the service-oriented browser and discuss the enabling technologies. A prototype system is developed using existing technologies and standards as a proof of concept.
Novel Statistical Approach to Blind Recovery of Earth Signals and Source Wavelet

Seismic signals are a convolution of a source wavelet and the response at each earth layer boundary. Despite attempts to record the outgoing source wavelet at the surface, often little is known of the source wavelet at depth, and there is no a priori knowledge of the earth response or the noise. Current practice makes the basic assumptions that the source wavelet is known, and the noise can be neglected.