Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of ice sheet surface velocity and elevation to variations in basal friction and topography in the Full Stokes and Shallow Shelf Approximation frameworks

Abstract. Predictions of future mass loss from ice sheets are afflicted with uncertainty, caused, among others, by insufficient understanding of spatio-temporally variable processes at the inaccessible base of ice sheets for which few direct observations exist and of which basal friction is a prime example. Here, we use an inverse modeling approach and the associated time-dependent adjoint equations, derived in the framework of a Full Stokes model and a Shallow Shelf/Shelfy Stream Approximation model, respectively, to determine the sensitivity of ice sheet surface velocities and elevation to perturbations in basal friction and basal topography. Analytical and numerical examples are presented showing the importance of including the time dependent kinematic free surface equation for the elevation and its adjoint, in particular for observations of the elevation. A closed form of the analytical solutions to the adjoint equations is given for a two dimensional vertical ice in steady state under the Shallow Shelf Approximation. There is a delay in time between a perturbation at the ice base and the observation of the change in elevation. A perturbation at the base in the topography has a direct effect in space at the surface above the perturbation and a perturbation in the friction is propagated directly to the surface in time. Perturbations with long wavelength and low frequency will propagate to the surface while those of short wavelength and high frequency are damped.
Practical MPC+FHE with Applications in Secure Multi-PartyNeural Network Evaluation

The theoretical idea of using FHE to realize MPC has been there for over a decade. Existing threshold (and multi-key) FHE schemes were constructed by modifying and analyzing a traditional single-key FHE in a case-by-case manner, thus technically highly-demanding. This work explores a new approach to build threshold FHE (thereby MPC schemes) through tailoring generic MPC protocols to the base FHE scheme while requiring no effort in FHE redesign. We applied our approach to two representative Ring-LWE-based FHE schemes: CKKS [37, 38] and GHS [54, 55], producing GMPFHE-CKKS and GMPFHE-GHS. We developed MPC protocols based on GMPFHE-CKKS and GMPFHE-GHS which are secure against any number of passive but colluding adversaries. The online cost of our MPC protocol is O (| C |) , as opposed to O (| C | · n 2 ) for existing MPC protocols, and our offline cost is independent of | C | . We experimentally show that the GMPFHE-CKKS-based MPC protocol offers unparalleled amortized performance on multi-party neural network evaluation.
Aluminum removal from tap water using natural zeolite

Aluminum ion adsorption capacity from tap water using zeolite was investigated in this study. Zeolite mineral with 20-100 mesh size was used. Aluminum ion removal efficiency was examined. Series of experiment were carried out under laboratory controlled batch condition in terms of different pH values, temperature and shaking speeds (rpm). The obtained results confirmed that high efficiency in Al removal was 86% at pH 5, 70% at 35 C; both at 180 rpm shaking speed.
The impacts of uncertainties in emissions on aerosol data assimilation and short-term PM2.5 predictions in CMAQ v5.2.1 over East Asia

Abstract. For the purpose of improving PM prediction skills in East Asia, we estimated a new background error covariance matrix (BEC) for aerosol data assimilation using surface PM2.5 observations that accounts for the uncertainties in anthropogenic emissions. In contrast to the conventional method to estimate the BEC that uses perturbations in meteorological data, this method additionally considered the perturbations using two different emission inventories. The impacts of the new BEC were then tested for the prediction of surface PM2.5 over East Asia using Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) initialized by three-dimensional variational method (3D-VAR). The surface PM2.5 data measured at 154 sites in South Korea and 1,535 sites in China were assimilated every six hours during the Korea-United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ) campaign period (1 May–14 June 2016). Data assimilation with our new BEC showed better agreement with the surface PM2.5 observations than that with the conventional method. Our method also showed closer agreement with the observations in 24-hour PM2.5 predictions with ~ 44 % fewer negative biases than the conventional method. We conclude that increased standard deviations, together with horizontal and vertical length scales in the new BEC, tend to improve the data assimilation and short-term predictions for the surface PM2.5. This paper also suggests further research efforts devoted to estimating the BEC to improve PM2.5 predictions.
Changes of the Hydrate Stability Zone of the Norwegian Margin from Glacial to Interglacial Times

Abstract: During the last two decades, the detection and quantitative determination of gas hydrate deposits, as well as the study of clathrate formation and dissociation kinetics, have become central fields of marine research. The presence of gas hydrates in oceanic sediments along the Norwegian continental margin is documented in high‐frequency near‐vertical and wide‐angle seismic reflection data. The base of the hydrate stability zone (HSZ) is detected in reflection seismic sections by the occurence of a strong bottom simulating reflector (BSR). The BSR mimics the shape of the sea floor, crosses the sedimentary strata, and is characterized by a strong phase‐reversed event. Below the BSR a low velocity layer is interpreted as a gas‐bearing zone. The inferred thickness of the hydrate existence zone (HEZ) allows for the estimation of the total amount of carbon trapped in gas hydrates at the present time. Modeling the HSZ as a function of temperature and pressure shows a distinct decrease of the HSZ at the Norwegian margin from the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the present time. This highly dynamic HSZ system may provide a complex seismic expression of gas hydrate occurrences, a phenomenon that is far from being well understood.
What regulate and limit reindeer populations in Norway

An understanding of how species are affected by top-down and bottom-up processes in food webs, and how these forces interact with climatic conditions is crucial for how ecosystems should be managed. In Norway large carnivores are effectively removed from extensive areas to protect livestock, leaving human harvesting as the only significant top-down force on ungulate populations. We examined the relative role of top-down and bottom-up processes for 58 semi-domesticated reindeer populations in Norway subjected to contrasting climatic regimes over the period 19812005. Intensive herding and international agreement have resulted in a situation where some populations are unable to undertake seasonal migration to the interior to escape the unfavourable climatic conditions that rule the coastal region in the winter, a critical season for northern ungulates. We used this natural manipulation to contrast between populations with ‘poor’ and ‘good’ winter conditions. For populations with good winter conditions, average body size increased with harvesting, suggesting that some top-down process was necessary to avoid food limitation. Time-series analyses revealed that direct regulation of population size was only evident in populations subjected to intensive harvesting. The lack of direct regulation in populations subjected to low harvesting resulted in high vulnerability to harsh winter weather. The body size and climate vulnerability of populations with poor winter conditions was unaffected of harvesting, but average densities was positively related to overall vegetation productivity as indexed by satellite images (NDVI). Topdown processes appeared to be necessary to dampen the effect of harsh winters in populations with generally good winter conditions. Conversely, populations subjected to generally poor winter conditions appeared to be more influenced by bottom-up processes and buffered climatic perturbations by increasing body size.
Abstract-Regime shifts in electricity prices in USA and EU

Regime shifts in electricity prices in USA and EU Erlendur Jonsson Roy Endre Dahl April 2016 Abstract The electricity market is characterized by immediate consumption of the energy supplied to the electricity grid. Consequently, prices typically varies over time according to seasonality in demand and variations in supply. Recent innovations in the European electricity market has increased interconnectivity between regional markets, increasing the ability to share regional surplus and shortfalls in supply. This study considers price volatility between 2000 and 2016 for a set of electricity price hubs in US and EU, and assess common breaks in price volatility. Moreover, we evaluate whether energy sources, like oil, gas and coal, share regime breaks with electricity prices, as they are important input for electricity generation. We identify regime breaks using the Iterated Cumulative Sum of Squares (ICSS) method (Inclan and Tiao (1994); Sansó et al. (2004)), and find that while electricity prices in the EU is reduced, electricity prices in US is increased. Further, we find no link between electricity prices and energy prices, emphasizing the importance of proper regulation of electricity markets to ensure price stability.The electricity market is characterized by immediate consumption of the energy supplied to the electricity grid. Consequently, prices typically varies over time according to seasonality in demand and variations in supply. Recent innovations in the European electricity market has increased interconnectivity between regional markets, increasing the ability to share regional surplus and shortfalls in supply. This study considers price volatility between 2000 and 2016 for a set of electricity price hubs in US and EU, and assess common breaks in price volatility. Moreover, we evaluate whether energy sources, like oil, gas and coal, share regime breaks with electricity prices, as they are important input for electricity generation. We identify regime breaks using the Iterated Cumulative Sum of Squares (ICSS) method (Inclan and Tiao (1994); Sansó et al. (2004)), and find that while electricity prices in the EU is reduced, electricity prices in US is increased. Further, we find no link between electricity prices and energy prices, emphasizing the importance of proper regulation of electricity markets to ensure price stability.
Equatorial Aperture Pattern in Monocots: Same Definition Rules as in Eudicots? The Example of Two Species of Pontederiaceae

Pontederia cordata L. and Eichhornia paniculata (Spreng.) Solms (Pontederiaceae, monocots) produce disulculate pollen grains. The formation of intersporal callose walls was followed in these two species by staining callose during male meiosis. A new type of cytokinesis that ends with the formation of conspicuous callose knobs at future aperture sites was observed. This observation indicates that the formation of the disulculate pattern is linked to cytokinesis. Thus, equatorial aperture patterns of monocots and aperture patterns of eudicots appear to be defined by similar mechanisms.
Effects of castration and zeranol on fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of hair lamb meat

Hair lambs (n=72, crosses of Blackbelly, Dorper, and Katahdin breeds) with an average age of 90 days (21.4±2.3 kg of BW) were used to investigate the effects of sex class (CLASS: ram vs. wether) and zeranol implant (IMP: control vs. 12 mg) on fat and cholesterol content, and fatty acids (FAs) composition of intramuscular longissimus dorsi (LD) and biceps femoris (BF) and subcutaneous fat (SBC) depots of the loin area. Animals were assigned to one of four treatments with a factorial arrangement (n=18): (1) rams (R), (2) rams implanted with 12 mg zeranol (IR), (3) wether lambs (W), and (4) wether lambs implanted with 12 mg zeranol (IW). FAs C12:0 and C15:0 FAs were significantly higher in the wether's LD. The amount of C22:1 n-9 and C24:1 in rams’ LD was higher than those of wethers. Wethers had a higher content of C18:1 cis 9 than R group, and the content of this cis isomer was significantly lower in the implanted group. LD of rams contained a higher amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and a higher PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio. Cholesterol content in the three tissues (LD, BF, and SBC) was affected significantly by the CLASS×IMP interaction and was higher in wethers without implant. The sex class was the most important factor affecting lipid composition in hair lambs. The higher PUFA content in meat from rams may suggest a nutritional advantage in comparison to meat from wethers.
Using Using Dynamic Brownian Bridges to Reconstruct Human Activity Spaces: Methodological Advances and their Implications for Studying Exposure and Segregation

This article explores the reconstruction of human activity spaces using statistical models of daily movement trajectories. It starts with the problem that activity space measurements are almost always based on incomplete information, and that they compensate for this by relying on coarse assumptions about locations during the periods between observations. The article explores how such assumptions can be improved using a dynamic Brownian bridge movement model, and it applies this approach to field data, comparing it with traditional approaches and evaluating implications for measuring environmental exposure and activity-space segregation.
Welfare, Productivity and Holding Gains

Whether or not holding gains or losses on assets should be part of depreciation – thereby affecting measures of net income – has been discussed among environmental economists and national accountants. We show how in a general equilibrium setting, expected holding gains or losses reflect expected technical change. When the latter is taken into account in a Weitzmantype net income measure, there is no extra room for expected holding gains or losses. Consequently, such price changes should not enter the definition of depreciation. Further, the model in this paper uses a measure of technical change defined over a gross production function. While customary in the productivity literature, the literature in the tradition of Weitzman uses a net production function. Our model provides a bridge between the two strands of literature and argues that real net income is an appropriate variable for welfare measurement whereas gross product and inputs should govern productivity considerations. We show that a dynamic measure of technical change defined on a gross basis has to be added to real net income when tracking welfare changes. Then, net income and gross output are complements, not substitutes. JEL Classification O47, E01. *Opinions in this paper are those of the authors only and they do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization with which they are affiliated, including the OECD Secretariat or of OECD Member countries. 1 Welfare, Productivity and Holding Gains
Three-dimensional Dynamics of the Golgi Apparatus in Mitotic Parotid Acinar Cells: Computer-aided Reconstruction from Cytochemically-marked Ultrathin Serial Sections

For clarification of the structural and cytochemical dynamics of the Golgi apparatus of the parotid acinar cell during mitotic division in vivo induced by repeated injections of isoproterenol, computer-generated three-dimensional reconstruction was conducted of serial section electron micrographs in conjunction with Golgispecific enzyme cytochemistry. Outlines of the cells, nuclei, thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) -positive Golgi elements (trans Golgi) and TPPase-negative ones (middle/cis Golgi) could be clearly seen through the use of a commercially available computer software program.In interphase acinar cells, the Golgi apparatus could be seen to spread out in the supranuclear region of the cytoplasm as a single continuous reticular structure with many branches and anastomosis. TPPase-positive trans elements were associated with the entire surface of the interphase Golgi stack. With the start of the mitotic phase, gradual disorganization of the stack into a loose structure followed by dispersion throughout the cytoplasm and marked disappearance of TPPase activity became evident. Up to the anaphase, the Golgi apparatus was completely disorganized as small TPPase-negative clusters comprised of tubulo-vesicular membranes were distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Recovery of the stack, single reticular continuity, supranuclear location and TPPase-reactivity of Golgi apparatus was apparent in daughter cells during the telophase. Distributional change of the Golgi apparatus of parotid cell during mitotic division was clearly confirmed by the present study. Dispersion and reassembly may be significant factors in the equal partitioning of the Golgi apparatus into daughter cells. TPPase activity would appear quite essential to the expression of the normal cellular secretory functions.
Economic benefits of medication reconciliation performed by pharmacists in Heart Failure Clinic

a Department of Pharmacy, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Excellent Center for Organ Transplantation, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
Integrating Software Testing Standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119 to Agile Development

- The IEEE standard 29119 on Software and Systems Engineering - Software Testing which replaces an older standard of IEEE Std 829 and others is designed with the need of agile process in mind. It provides an explanation on Agile projects and some suggestions on integrating the standard to Agile process. Nevertheless, integrating the standard to Agile, still is not that straightforward and may need further elaboration. This paper addresses the following issues: the needs for a testing standard, the mechanism that integrates the testing standard to Agile, and on how to tailor the conformance to a proper level that involves the maturity levels of the Test Maturity Model Integration (TMMi). The paper concludes with a suggested tailored conformance plan that is suitable for a typical Agile Development.
A Tethered Air Blimp (TAB) for observing the microclimate over a complex terrain

Abstract. This study presents the first environmental monitoring field campaign of a newly developed Tethered Air Blimp (TAB) system to investigate the microclimate over a complex terrain. The use of a tethered balloon in complex terrains such as mines and tailings ponds is novel and the focus of the present study. The TAB system was fully developed and launched at a mining facility in northern Canada in May 2018. This study describes the key design features, the sensor payload on board, calibration, and the observations made by the TAB system. The system measured meteorological conditions including components of wind velocity vector, temperature, relative humidity, and pressure over the first few tens of metres of the atmospheric boundary layer. The measurements were made at two primary locations in the facility: (i) near a tailings pond and (ii) in a mine pit. TAB measured the dynamics of the atmosphere at different diurnal times (e.g. day versus night) and locations (near a tailings pond versus inside the mine). Such dynamics include mean and turbulence statistics pertaining to flow momentum and energy, and they are crucial in the understanding of emission fluxes from the facility in future studies. In addition, TAB can provide boundary conditions and validation datasets to support mesoscale dispersion modelling or computational fluid dynamics simulations for various transport models.
SPIL: Simultaneous production and immobilization of lipase from Burkholderia cepacia LTEB11

Abstract We describe a method that we have called SPIL, the ‘simultaneous production and immobilization of lipases’. In this method the lipase of Burkholderia cepacia LTEB11 was immobilized by addition of Accurel EP 100 to the growth medium during culture. A factorially designed experiment was undertaken to optimize the activity adsorbed on the support, with variables being the time of addition of Accurel (0–24 h), the concentration of Accurel (10–30 g L−1) and the concentration of olive oil (0.25–1.0%, v/v). The highest activity loading, of 2600 units of p-nitrophenyl palmitate-hydrolyzing activity per gram of support, was obtained by the addition of 10 g Accurel L−1 at 12 h to a medium containing 1% (v/v) olive oil. This preparation gave threefold higher rates for the esterification of ethyl oleate in n-heptane than did a preparation obtained through the conventional practice of adding Accurel at the end of the fermentation, with a conversion of 95% being attained in 1 h.
Comparison of a pasture-based system of milk production on a high rainfall, heavy-clay soil with that on a lower rainfall, free-draining soil

The objective of this study was to compare the biological and economic efficiency of a seasonal pasture-based spring calving system of milk production on a high-rainfall, heavy-clay soil [Kilmaley (KMY)] to that on a lower-rainfall free-draining soil [Moorepark (MPN)] in Ireland. The physical performance data were obtained from a 3-year study (1998-2000) carried out at both sites. Analysis of the system of milk production at the two sites was undertaken using the Moorepark Dairy System Model. Herbage dry-matter production was greater at the MPN site with a greater proportion being produced between 1 September and 1 May. On average, over the 3 years, the system of milk production at the MPN site had a higher stocking rate (2.34 vs. 1.89 cows ha-1), higher milk production per cow (6421 vs. 5781 kg per cow), longer grazing season (250 vs. 149 d) and a higher proportion of the diet of the herd from grazed grass (0.70 vs. 0.40) than at KMY. Economic analysis showed that, in a 468 100 kg European Union milk quota scenario, the profitability at the MPN site was 28 417 euros greater than at the KMY site. At similar milk production per cow it was 19 138 euros greater. Monte Carlo simulation showed that the MPN site was stochastically dominant over the KMY site. Sensitivity analyses showed that farm profit was most sensitive to changes in milk price. The results also indicated that milk production in the future may not be sustainable economically on high-rainfall, heavy-clay soils in Ireland.