Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Importance of Blood Conservation in Cardiac Surgery and Impact on Patients Refusing Blood Product Transfusions

The use of blood product transfusion is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in cardiac surgery. The risk of mortality has been shown to be 0.5% per unit of blood transfusion, with approximately an increase by 3 times in overall mortality and by 2 times in occurrence of major complications. There is substantial evidence showing that the amount of blood product transfusions has a major impact on length of hospital stay and overall cost. Respiratory failure, renal failure and increased rate of infections are commonly associated with increased rate of blood product transfusions. Furthermore, blood product transfusions expose to the risk of major and minor transfusion reactions, induce immuno-suppression and cause a systemic inflammatory response, which affect all organ systems [1]. For these reasons minimizing blood product transfusions has represented a major challenge for cardiac surgeons. It is calculated that 50% to 60% of cardiac surgery patients require blood product transfusions in the course of their hospitalization and that this number approaches 100% in face of high-risk and emergent operations [1]. The own nature of cardiac surgery, the frequent occurrence of intra and post-operative bleeding, the use of extra-corporeal circulation are all obvious causes for the almost ubiquitous use of blood product transfusions. Nevertheless, there has been an effort to minimize the utilization of allogenic blood product transfusions in cardiac surgery. It is unarguable at this point, based on the large body of evidence present in the literature, that blood product transfusions have a negative impact on mortality and morbidity of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Contiguity vs. drive-reduction in conditioned fear: the proximity and abruptness of drive-reduction.

This study attempts to determine the conditions under which the response of fear becomes attached to an initially neutral stimulus. Many psychologists, following the lead of Hull,' currently hold that all learning depends upon the occurrence of some form of drive-reduction. Since the development of a functional connection between a formerly neutral stimulus and the response of fear is a form of learning, these psychologists, to be consistent, must hold that the development of such a connection likewise is dependent upon drive-reduction. In contrast, others, including the present authors, believe that the drivereduction formula, while useful in accounting for the selective learning of skeletal responses ('habits'), is not adequate to account for certain other forms of learning-conspicuous among which is that involved in the acquisition of fear. Here, it appears, the conditions of reinforcement are provided by stimulus-contiguity.2 Since one of the best ways of causing a neutral stimulus to acquire the capacity to elicit the response of fear is to pair that stimulus with an electric shock, the difference between the two theoretical positions just described can be reduced to very simple and very specific terms by saying that for Hull and his followers this type of learning depends upon what happens
New digital threats to media pluralism in the information age

The proliferation of news and information has reached unprecedented levels. Notwithstanding this apparent richness, increasing doubts about the quality and diversity of online news have grown for many years. The article arguments that the threats to quality information and media pluralism essentially come from two sources: the increasing concentration of economic resources into just a few gigantic online platforms/media and the spreading of the disinformation that is favored by the available technological instruments. After having analyzed these threats also in terms of their consequences for the public and democratic debate, the article focuses on the available responses, exploring the necessity of explicit and multidimensional public policies to preserve quality news and media pluralism as public goods that are indispensable to democracy.
A Response to the Mental Health Commission's Discussion Paper 'Multidisciplinary Team Working: From Theory to Practice' (January 2006)

Introduction In February 2006 the Mental Health Commission published a welcome discussion paper on multidisciplinary teamworking entitled ‘Multidisciplinary Team Working: From Theory to Practice’ (http://www.mhcirl.ie/publications.htm). This was a substantial achievement given that the complex nature of teamworking in mental health services has both defied exact description and made discussion difficult, as evidenced by the dearth of associated research.
Self-Evaluation Maintenance in Marriage: Toward a Performance Ecology of the Marital Relationship

The self-evaluation maintenance (SEM) model was originally developed to integrate distinct literatures on the potential positive and negative consequences for the self of being outperformed by others. Because close others are of particular importance for both of the basic processes thought to underlie the SEM model, committed heterosexual relationships provide an area in which relatively robust SEM effects should occur. In keeping with the expectation that SEM effects would be present among committed, heterosexual, married couples, the current series of studies demonstrated (a) that experimental manipulations of SEM processes influenced the behavior of married couples, (b) that patterns of couple outcomes conformed to predictions derived from the SEM model, and (c) that SEM effects accounted for inaccurate perceptions of partner needs.
An Assessment of the Efficacy of Sinus Balloon Technique on Transcrestal Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation Surgery

Background: A minimally invasive antral membrane balloon elevation (MIAMBE) has been introduced to overcome the invasiveness of modified Caldwell-Luc (lateral approach) and the drawbacks of the osteotome (summers' technique) in maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery. Materials and methods: A total of 13 adult Iraqi patients aged 28-55 years, 4 males and 9 females underwent sinus floor elevation surgery via crestal approach by using sinus balloon technique. A panoramic radiograph and (Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)/or medical CT scan) were obtained before and after surgery. Postoperative gained bone was assessed and the patient reactions including pain, nasal bleeding, and ecchymosis were recorded. The whole follow up period was 1year following the sinus lift surgery. Results:The total performed sinus floor elevation cases were 17 with a total of 27 sinus floor elevation sites. The maximum gained bone with sinus balloon technique was 10.6 mm. Twenty three dental implants placed in augmented maxillary sinuses, two implants early failed 8.70 % and the survival rate of the dental implants was (91.30 %). Schneider's membrane perforation didn’t occur in any case of this study 0%. Conclusion: Sinus floor elevation via crestal approach using the balloon technique solve the limitations for original osteotome technique (summers' technique) for cases even when the subantral bone height is less than 3 mm. The utilization of hydraulic pressure in combination with balloon technique also shows a great role in both sinus membrane elevation and as a diagnostic aid of Schneider's membrane perforation. Key words: Sinus lift surgery, antral membrane balloon elevation, Schneiderian membrane perforation.
Allergic Examination for Biodefense

Until now, various case reports and case series of allergic sensitization from novel ingredients in new industrial and consumer products have been reported. The scientific reports have been prompting the manufacturers to eliminate sensitizers provoking frequent allergic reaction and/or severe clinical symptom from products. The adequate cycle provides better situation for people living in the world. We need to keep in mind that more victims may be sensitized if decision to eliminate the hazardous components is delayed.
Imagen corporal y autoestima en mujeres con cáncer de mama participantes en un programa de intervención psicosocial

En el tema del cancer de mama, uno de los aspectos que ha suscitado mayor interes se refiere a la adaptacion a los cambios en la imagen corporal que su tratamiento conlleva. Los objetivos que persigue nuestro trabajo se refieren a varios aspectos relacionados con la imagen corporal y la autoestima, como son: a) comprobar la eficacia de un programa de intervencion psicosocial que incide sobre la mejora de la imagen corporal y la autoestima, comparando dos grupos de intervencion y control en cada uno de los momentos pre-tratamiento, post-tratamiento y seguimiento y b) analizar la influencia de las variables socioeconomicas y medicas (tipo de cirugia y tipo de tratamiento) en la imagen corporal y la autoestima Los resultados muestran que para la imagen corporal, el grupo de intervencion obtiene puntuaciones mas elevadas que el grupo control en el postratamiento y seguimiento, mientras que para la autoestima, las diferencias solo se dan en el seguimiento y aparece la relevancia de la variable tiempo transcurrido. Ninguna de las variables sociodemograficas fue significativa. En cuanto al tipo de cirugia, las mujeres tumorectomizadas tuvieron una mejor imagen corporal que las mastectomizadas.
Hypoxia-on-a-chip

Abstract In this work a microfluidic cell cultivation device for perfused hypoxia assays as well as a suitable controlling unit are presented. The device features active components like pumps for fluid actuation and valves for fluid direction as well as an oxygenator element to ensure a sufficient oxygen transfer. It consists of several individually structured layers which can be tailored specifically to the intended purpose. Because of its clearness, its mechanical strength and chemical resistance as well as its well-known biocompatibility polycarbonate was chosen to form the fluidic layers by thermal diffusion bonding. Several oxygen sensing spots are integrated into the device and monitored with fluorescence lifetime detection. Furthermore an oxygen regulator module is implemented into the controlling unit which is able to mix different process gases to achieve a controlled oxygenation. First experiments show that oxygenation/deoxygenation of the system is completed within several minutes when pure nitrogen or air is applied to the oxygenator. Lastly the oxygen input by the pneumatically driven micro pump was quantified by measuring the oxygen content before and after the oxygenator.
Basics of qualitative research : techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory

Part I: Introduction to Grounded Theory of Anselm Strauss Chapter 1: Inspiration and Background Chapter 2: Theoretical Foundations Chapter 3: Practical Considerations for Getting Started Chapter 4: Prelude to Analysis Chapter 5: Strategies for Qualitative Data Analysis Chapter 6: Memos and Diagrams Chapter 7: Theoretical Sampling Chapter 8: Context Chapter 9: Process Chapter 10: Techniques for Achieving Theoretical Integration Chapter 11: The Use of Computer Programs in Qualitative Data Analysis Part II: Research Demonstration Project Chapter 12 Open Coding: Identifying Concepts Chapter 13: Developing Concepts in Terms of Their Properties and Dimensions Chapter 14: Analyzing Data for Context Chapter 15: Bringing Process Into the Analysis Chapter 16: Integrating Categories Part III: Finishing the Research Project Chapter 17: Writing Theses, Monographs, and Dissertations, and Giving Talks About Your Research Chapter 18: Criteria for Evaluation Chapter 19: Student Questions and Answers
The clinical effect of ligustrazine in the treatment of 72 chronic pulmonary heart disease

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of ligustrazine in the treatment of chronic pulmonary heart disease.Methods All patients received foundation therapeutic measure, the treatment group (36 cases) was treated with ligustrazine;the control group (36 cases) was treated with digitalis and nitroglycerin etc.Results The treatment group's total effective rate was 88.9% , the control group's total effective rate was 69.4% , therapentic effect in the treatment group was better than that in the control group ( P 0.05). Conclusion Ligustrazine can improve the blood microcirculation of patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease, lower pulmonary hypertension, and improve cardiorespiatory function.
Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota in Obese Children with AllergicDiseases

There are many evidences, that obesity increases the risk of asthma and atopic diseases. Therefore, misbalance in the gut microbiota is considered one of the micro ecological factors responsible for the increase of body mass and changes in energy metabolism. The aim of study was to investigate the characteristics of children gut microbiota, and to recognize relations with obesity, as well as allergic disorders. The study included patients of both sexes from 3 up to 17 years old: 43 with a Body Mass Index (BMI) from 23.16 to 40.28 with history of allergic diseases; and 24 children without allergies with BMI from 14.27 to 48.96. Children with allergic diseases we observed atopic dermatitis - 41.46%, asthma - 17.07%, allergic rhinitis -21.95%, food allergies - 9.76%. Condition of gut microbiota we evaluated by analysis of fecal samples and identification of microorganisms. Quantity of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus was higher than in children without allergies (56% vs. 33%; 44% vc. 17%, p=0,05 respectively). The proportion of S. aureus negatively correlated with BMI (r=-0.39, p=0.047) in allergic children, while in non-allergic children of group of children number of Bacteroides and Bifidobacteria negatively correlated with BMI (r=-0.53, p=0.010; r=-0.42, p=0.046 respectively), but the proportion of Clostridia positively correlated with BMI (r=0.56, p=0.006). Thus, we identified and characterized the qualitative and quantitative values of gut microbiota in obese children with allergy.
A Case of Icteric Leptospirosis Developing in a Dustman

Leptospiroz, Leptospira cinsi spiroketlerin neden olduğu yaygın olarak görülen akut, jeneralize bir infeksiyon hastalığıdır. Sıklıkla anikterik formda görülmesine rağmen ikterik formdaki olgular da hepatorenal sendrom tablosuyla başvurabilir. İnsanlara infekte hayvanlardan direkt ya da indirekt temas sonucu bulaşır. Sarılık, bulantı, kusma, oral alım bozukluğu ve halsizlik yakınmalarıyla başvuran 49 yaşındaki erkek hastada, leptospiroz düşünülerek alınan kanda, mikroskopik aglütinasyon testiyle serovar Grippotyphosa’ya karşı 1/100, serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae’ye karşı 1/100 ve serovar Patoc suş Patoc I’e karşı 1/400 titrede antikor pozitifliği saptanmıştır. Bu olgu sunumunda ülkemizde nadir olarak bildirilen leptospirozun klinik önemi vurgulanmış ve halk sağlığı açısından alınması gereken önlemler irdelenmiştir. Klimik Dergisi 2011; 24(3): 195-7.
Anthropometric Assessment of Adolescent Nutritional Status in Two Drought-Prone Areas of Ethiopia

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among adolescents in two food insecure zones in Ethiopia. Methods: Data were collected through a survey of 350 rural households from five districts using a multistage sampling design. Demographic, socioeconomic, and anthropometric measurements were collected from 1437 individuals. The nutritional status of a subset of this sample, adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, was analyzed using the World Health Organization (WHO) AnthroPlus software. Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), and BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ) were calculated to determine nutritional status. Results: The prevalence of stunting (HAZ less than -2 standard deviations (SDs)) and thinness (BAZ < -2 SDs) were 18.4% and 15.0% respectively. Although these values are high by international standards, adolescents from the study population have relatively low rates of undernutrition compared to younger children from the same communities. Overall, undernutrition among adolescents was negatively associated with household access to irrigation and livestock holdings, but not with household size, farmland size or agroecology. Conclusion: Expanding access to nutrition-sensitive small-scale irrigation, and enhancing asset-building interventions, may contribute to the reduction of adolescent undernutrition in regions susceptible to climate change.
Covering Post-Conflict Elections: Challenges for the Media in Central Africa

In the past ten years, elections were held in six countries of Central Africa experiencing “post-conflict” situations. The polls that took place in Burundi (2005), the Central African Republic (2005), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2006), Congo-Brazzaville (2002, 2007), Chad (1996, 2001, 2006) and Rwanda (2003) were crucial for peace-building. In some cases, they were widely supported and supervised by the international community, being considered the last step of a peace process and the first step toward establishing a truly representative “post-conflict” regime. The media were expected to play a large part in supporting these elections, both to inform the citizens, so they could make an educated choice, and to supervise the way the electoral administration was organizing the polls. This paper attempts to show the many challenges faced by the media while covering these post-conflict electoral processes. In a context of great political tension, in which candidates are often former belligerents who have just put down their guns to go to the polls, the media operate in an unsafe and economically damaged environment, suffering from a lack of infrastructure, inadequate equipment and untrained staff. Given those constraints, one might wonder if the media should be considered actual democratic tools in Central Africa or just gimmicks in a “peace-building kit” (including “free and fair” elections, multipartism and freedom of the press) with no real impact on the democratic commitment of the elite or the political participation of the population.
An-Evaluation-of-Confirmatory-Factor-Analysis-of-Ryff’s-Psychological-Well-Being-Scale-in-a-Persian-Sample.pdf

This paper examines the construct validity and reliability of the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) according to the Persian culture and language. Participants (N=577) from a population study of university students were chosen. Confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS software was performed in two steps. In step one, 18 models derived from 3-, 9-, and 14-item forms that emphasized gender differences in addition to first and second order constructs were compared. In step two, the 9-and 14-item forms were compared aiming modification. In step one only the 3-item form achieved reasonable indices. Allowing for gender differences did not result in a model fit in the 9-and 14-item forms. To achieve a model fit with additional items, in step two, models that used the 9and 14-item forms with a second order factor structure regardless of gender differences was performed for modification. This modification allowed for greater potential for comparison with other models in order to achieve good indices. The results in step two indicated that after deleting of some items from the two models, the 14-item model showed better construct validity and reliability compared to the model based on the 9-item form in the Persian culture.
Análisis modelos teóricos estrés laboral aplicados a un caso real del sector sanitario

The current organization of work is suffering constant changes not distant from the health and safety of working people. Psychosocial risks, particularly work stress, have become one of the main problems for health at work. This study aims to analyze a real case of occupational stress of a nursing healthcare professional applying the most influential and current theoretical models: Demand-control model (Karasek), Demand model-Labor Resources (Demerouti and col.) And Spiral model of Occupational Health (Salanova and col.). In addition, it is also
Preliminary establishment and risk assessment model after radical resection of colon cancer recurrence and metastasis

Objective To establish and evaluate a risk prediction model of recurrence and metastasis after resection of colorectal cancer.Methods Retrospective exposure information of 240 cases in a hospital during 2009 ~ 2013 were collected and Logistic regression was used to established model while receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate model.Results The model formula is:Ln(p /[1-P) ]= 3.63 × lymph node metastasis + 2.64 × B + 3.20 × C-2.63. The area under the ROC curve was0.92 and the predictive value P for the model was 0.68. Conclusion The established risk model of colon cancer recurrence and metastasis after radical resection can predict the risk of recurrence and metastasis in a certain extent.
Immunohistochemical expression of stem cell markers CD133 and Oct4 in colorectal adenocarcinoma

Introduction Colon cancer is a deadly disease affecting millions of people worldwide. The cancer stem cell (CSC) concept has been proposed as an attractive theory to explain cancer development and is considered as target for the development of diagnostics and therapeutics. Colon CSCs may drive carcinogenesis by their tumor initiation and maintenance capabilities, thus accounting for chemotherapeutic failure. Although many CSC markers have been proposed, there is neither complete agreement with regard to them, nor has their presence in the early phases of carcinogenesis been established. We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of stem cell markers CD133 and Oct4 using the avidin–biotin immunoperoxidase technique to investigate their clinical importance in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. Results CD133 immunostaining was higher in nonmetastatic tumors, suggesting the loss of its character in advanced metastatic lesions. Oct4 was overexpressed in malignant tumor cells compared with normal colonic epithelium and was also expressed more in late Duke stages and metastatic tumors. In conclusion, we show that Oct4 may play a role in colorectal adenocarcinoma development and progression, and we suggest its utilization as a significant prognostic marker in colorectal carcinoma patients.
Elaboration of polylactide-based materials for automotive application : study of structure-process-properties interactions

The interest to use polymeric materials derived from renewable resources increases continuously due to considerably improved environmental awareness and the expected depletion of petrochemical ressources. In this regard, Poly(lactic acid), PLA, is a biopolymer that can respond to the demand for such materials for a wide range of applications, thanks to interesting mechanical properties such as high tensile/flexural strength and rigidity, in particular. However, in many cases, durable applications of PLA have been significantly limited by its inherent brittleness and limited thermal stability. In this dissertation, we focused on the design of new biobased PLA materials for automotive parts subjected to severe loading and environmental conditions, by improving thermal and mechanical properties, including under high strain rate loadings. Thus, the most promising compound is selected as the one that offers the best balance between different properties (ductility, strength and stiffness, impact toughness, good thermal stability…) with a content of bio-sourced polymer in the blend at least equal to 50%. Other strategies to improve crystallinity of PLA-based compounds are also studied. In all those developments, a particular attention is paid to the study of structure-process-properties interactions.