Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From endometrial hyperplasia to endometrial cancer: insight into the biology and possible medical preventive measures

Controversies are still seen in the histological differential diagnosis of hyperplasia and well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma. Prediction of endometrial cancer in patients with hyperplasia with atypia, with the available markers has not been reliable yet. Hence these patients require more attention in the clinical management. Endometrial hyperplasia is proliferation of endometrial glands resulting in a higher gland : stroma ratio. Cytological atypia, which may progress to or co-exist with endometrial cancer and other pathological changes, result from estrogen stimulation unopposed by progesterone. Biomarkers whose expression is altered in cases of endometrial hyperplasia or cancer such as progesterone receptor, insulin-like growth factor I, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type II, and secreted frizzled-related protein 4, seem to be promising to use as early-stage tumor markers. Mutation of PTEN is present in 83% of endometrial adenocarcinoma cases, making it the most frequent early molecular genetic alteration in type 1 endometrial tumors, which are generally associated with hyperplasia. p53 gene mutation is not found in endometrial hyperplasia, but researchers have detected this mutation in 20% of cases of endometrial carcinoma and 90% of cases of serous endometrial tumors. Cyclooxygenase-2 is important in tumorogenic transformation of hyperlasia. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 decreases apoptosis, increases angiogenesis, and is related to invasiveness. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression increases significantly in cases of well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. Prostaglandin E2 is known to regulate aromatase gene expression and is the product of cyclooxygenase-2. The data about aromatase inhibitors are promising; in breast cancer patients, treatment with tamoxifen induces uterine abnormalities as early as 3 months after the initiation of therapy. In contrast, these abnormalities are not seen in patients who receive aromatase inhibitors and switched therapy after tamoxifen withdrawal may reverse tamoxifen-associated endometrial thickening.
FIRST DETECTION OF AMMONIA IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD: THE KINETIC TEMPERATURE OF DENSE MOLECULAR CORES IN N 159 W

The first detection of ammonia (NH3) is reported from the Magellanic Clouds. Using the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we present a targeted search for the (J, K) = (1,1) and (2,2) inversion lines toward seven prominent star-forming regions in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Both lines are detected in the massive star-forming region N 159 W, which is located in the peculiar molecular ridge south of 30 Doradus, a site of extreme star formation strongly influenced by an interaction with the Milky Way halo. Using the ammonia lines, we derive a kinetic temperature of ∼16 K, which is 2–3 times below the previously derived dust temperature. The ammonia column density, averaged over ∼17″, is ∼6 × 1012 cm−2 (<1.5 × 1013 cm−2 over 9″ in the other six sources) and we derive an ammonia abundance of ∼4 × 10−10 with respect to molecular hydrogen. This fractional abundance is 1.5–5 orders of magnitude below those observed in Galactic star-forming regions. The nitrogen abundance in the LMC (∼10% solar) and the high UV flux, which can photo-dissociate the particularly fragile NH3 molecule, both must contribute to the low fractional NH3 abundance, and we likely only see the molecule in an ensemble of the densest, best shielded cores of the LMC.
Phase I/II trial of continuous infusion vinorelbine for advanced breast cancer.

PURPOSE A phase I/II trial of vinorelbine (VRL) administered by continuous infusion (CIV) was conducted in advanced breast carcinoma (ABC) patients to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and to evaluate the toxicity pattern and antitumor activity of this alternative administration schedule to the currently recommended weekly short intravenous (IV) administration. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between February 1990 and July 1991, 64 consecutive, eligible patients with ABC were treated; 33 had received one or two previous palliative chemotherapy combinations and 31 had not received chemotherapy for metastatic disease. VRL was administered, after an initial IV bolus of 8 mg/m2 on day 1, by a 4-day CIV at five different 24-hour dose levels (DLs) to be repeated every 21 or 28 days: DL1, 5.5 mg/m2; DL2, 7 mg/m2; DL3, 8 mg/m2, DL4, 9 mg/m2; and DL5, 10 mg/m2. RESULTS The limiting noncumulative toxicity was neutropenia, with the MTD established at 8 mg/m2 bolus plus 10 mg/m2/d for 4 days (total dose per cycle, 48 mg/m2). At DL3 and DL4, we observed mucositis (14% of patients; five percent of cycles > grade 2), alopecia, and asthenia. By contrast, neurotoxicity was minor. The toxicity was otherwise predictable and manageable. Pharmacokinetic data obtained at DL1 and DL3 showed a mean VRL plasma concentration of 967 +/- 331 ng/mL after the initial 8 mg/m2 IV bolus dose, which declined rapidly thereafter to reach mean steady-state levels of 12 ng/mL (n = 5) for the 30-mg/m2 dose and 8 ng/mL (n = 2) for the 40-mg/m2 dose. These levels were maintained over the 96-hour CIV. The mean residence time (MRT) was 29 +/- 7 hours (terminal half-life [t1/2], 23 hours), the total-body clearance (CL) was 24 +/- 11 L/hr/m2, and the volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) was high at 1,832 +/- 359 L/m2. Two patients achieved a complete response (CR) and 21 a partial response (PR), for an objective response rate of 36% (95% confidence interval [Cl], 23 to 49). The median duration of response was 6 months. The median survival duration was 24 months (range, 3 to 37). A relationship between given dose-intensity and objective response rate was found, with an overall response (OR) rate of 13.3% (two of 15) for 8 to 10 mg/m2/wk, 35.4% (11 of 31) for 10 to 12 mg/m2/wk, and 55.5% (10 of 18) for 12 to 14.5 mg/m2/wk. CONCLUSION This trial, while confirming VRL activity in ABC, shows the feasability of a CIV administration schedule. A decrease of the administrated total dose per 3- to 4-week cycle to less than the weekly schedule with the same therapeutic activity suggests a better therapeutic index. The data are also suggestive of a dose-response relationship and a dose-intensity/activity correlation.
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF BEEF CATTLE ADAPTATION IN AMERICA

Management systems and environments differ widely for beef cattle populations across the United States. A typical animal occupies several environments during its lifetime, each presenting a unique set of challenges. No animal or breed maximizes the conversion of input to salable product across all environments, nor is the genetic makeup of any animal or breed optimally suited to the challenges encountered in any one environment. To a certain degree, therefore, all beef cattle in America are less than optimally adapted. The opportunity exists to improve profitability of beef cattle production and to maintain integrity of cattle production environments through programs designed to achieve balanced genetic potential for adaptation, production and product quality within specific environments.
Isolation of Listeria spp. from Feces of Feedlot Cattle.

Healthy feedlot beef cattle were surveyed for the presence of Listeria spp. in fecal grab samples taken over 3 months. Composite samples were made from 224 individual animals each month. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from one composite sample (4%) from the first sampling and not from the subsequent two. Listeria innocua was found in composite samples from all three samplings at levels of 17, 9, and 35%, respectively. From the individual samples comprising the Listeria spp. --positive composites, L. monoytogenes was isolated from one sample (3%) in the second sampling but not in the first or third samplings. L. innocua was found in 9, 8, and 10% of the individual samples comprising Listeria --positive composites in the first, second, and third samplings, respectively. The two L. monocytogenes isolates were pathogenic to mice. Further characterization of these isolates revealed atypical rhamnose fermentation patterns. These results indicate that the frequency of isolation of L. monocytogenes from feedlot beef cattle is low.
High Nitrite Levels off Northern Peru: A Signal of Instability in the Marine Denitrification Rate

During February and March 1985, nitrite levels along the northern (approximately 7� to 10�S) Peruvian coast were unusually high. These accumulations occurred in oxygen-deficient waters, suggesting intensified denitrification. In a shallow offshore nitrite maximum, concentrations were as high as 23 micromoles per liter (a record high). Causes for the unusual conditions may include a cold anomaly that followed the 1982-83 El Ni�o. The removal of combined nitrogen (approximately 3 to 10 trillion grams of nitrogen per year) within zones of new or enhanced denitrification observed between 7� to 16�S suggests a significant increase in oceanic denitrification.
Talking Head - Visualizations & Level of Detail

Embodied conversational agents are fast growing area of research interest. These agents allow interacting with computers in a natural way. The usage of agents is closely associated with the problem of facial animation. Realistic real-time facial animation is very computational expensive. This work is dedicated to the problem of deformation visualization of pseudo-muscles and head model mesh during the speech using the extended Waters pseudo-muscle head model for animation. These visualizations help us to find out a new way of dynamic level of detail. By reducing activity of particular groups of muscles we can achieve better animation speeds. Running the experiments based on three scenarios proved that these speed-ups are noticeable.
Culture and Development: A Systematic Relationship

This article argues that the relationships between culture and development are differential and systematic. Therefore the presentation of the Western middle-class developmental pathway in textbooks as universal is grossly neglecting the reality and the psychologies of the majority of the world’ s population. First, the conception of culture as the representation of environmental conditions is presented. The level of formal education acts as organizer of social milieus that define different learning environments for children. Mainly two developmental pathways are portrayed: the Western middle-class trajectory and the traditional farmer childhood. Different developmental principles are highlighted, demonstrating systematic cultural differences in the development of a conception of the self: developmental dynamics as exemplified in early mother infant interactions, the timing of developmental milestones emphasizing cultural precocities in motor development and self-recognition, developmental gestalts in different attachment relationships and precursors and consequences demonstrating that different, sometimes contradictory behavioral patterns have the same developmental consequences with the examples of empathy development and autobiographical memory. It is argued that evaluating the development in one pathway with the principles and standards of the other is unscientific and unethical. The recognition of different developmental pathways is a necessity for basic science and a moral obligation for the applied fields.
Review and meta-analysis of systematic searches for uniparental disomy (UPD) other than UPD 15.

All systematic searches for uniparental disomy (UPD) so far published and comprising clinically defined populations (Silver-Russell syndrome/primordial growth retardation (SRS/PGR) (n = 14), multiple malformations (n = 2), or rare syndromes (n = 12)) or situations at risk (confined placental mosaicism (CPM) (n = 13), spontaneous abortions (n = 6), additional marker chromosomes (n = 15), balanced non-Robertsonian translocations (n = 3), or balanced Robertsonian translocations (n = 15)) were reviewed. In many studies clinical and/or cytogenetic information on fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) results was very scarce. Meta-analysis concerning an adequate number of cases was possible for SRS/PGR, CPM, additional marker chromosomes, and balanced Robertsonian translocations only. As expected, the highest risk for UPD was found in cases with translocations between homologous acrocentric chromosomes (11 cases with UPD of 15 investigated) and in CPM due to a meiotic error (25 of 51 cases). In prenatal investigations or in cases with a normal phenotype, translocations between nonhomologous acrocentric chromosomes implied a risk for UPD of less than 0.5%. The risks for maternal UPD 7 in cases with SRS/PGR, for UPD 15 in cases with an additional inv dup(15) marker chromosome, and for UPD of any chromosome in cases with multiple malformation/mental retardation were approximately 5.5%, and approximately 1.3%, respectively. Searches for UPD in well-defined syndromes (Brachmann-De Lange syndrome, Sotos syndrome, Rett syndrome, Weaver syndrome, or XX true hermaphroditism) were disappointing. Not a single case was found.
Towards a simplified model membrane of skin lipids:preparation and characterisation of a ternary lipid mixture

Objective: To develop a simple but a robust model membrane comprising the key generic components of the skin lipid matrix. Methods: We prepared a model membrane comprising an equimolar mixture of ceramide [NS], palmitic acid, and cholesterol. The membrane was deposited on a solid porous substrate (50 nm porous polycarbonate filter) as a continuous lamellar layer. The membrane’s biophysical properties were characterized and the permeability of the membrane to both benzoic acid and caffeine evaluated. Results: The deposited membrane’s biophysical properties were characterized using a variety of methods including Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy, SEM, and Raman scattering. The permeability co-efficients (kp) of the model membrane to benzoic acid and the hydrophilic molecule caffeine were determined to be of the same order of magnitude as that through real stratum corneum. Conclusions: A simple but robust model membrane for skin lipids has been developed that can be deposited to give a continuous coverage on a porous substrate. It’s permeability to caffeine and benzoic acid has been found to be of the same order as that of real stratum corneum. The model membrane will be invaluable for fundamental mechanistic studies (e.g. effect of penetration enhancers) that can be linked with molecular simulations.
Asymmetric wireless power transfer systems using coupled DGS resonators

This paper presents a new design for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems using asymmetric structures for the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX), and the TX/RX are constructed using spiral-strips defected ground structure (DGS) resonators. The proposed spiral-strips DGS resonator overcome the problem of low self-inductance that encountered by H-shape DGS resonator in [1, 2], so that the proposed WPT system that employs the proposed spiral-strips DGS resonators has better efficiency and higher power transmission distance. Design methodology of the proposed WPT system are formulated and fabricated. The measurement results show a WPT efficiency of 78% at a transmission distance of 40mm with the TX and RX areas of 50 × 50mm2 and 30 × 30mm2, respectively.
Enhancements to Linux I/O Scheduling

The Linux 2.6 release provides four disk I/O schedulers: deadline, anticipatory, noop, and completely fair queuing (CFQ), along with an option to select one of these four at boot time or runtime. The selection is based on a priori knowledge of the workload, file system, and I/O system hardware configuration, among other factors. The anticipatory scheduler (AS) is the default. Although the AS performs well under many situations, we have identified cases, under certain combinations of workloads, where the AS leads to process starvation. To mitigate this problem, we implemented an extension to the AS (called Cooperative AS or CAS) and compared its performance with the other four schedulers. This paper briefly describes the AS and the related deadline scheduler, highlighting their shortcomings; in addition, it gives a detailed description of the CAS. We report performance of all five schedulers on a set of workloads, which represent a wide range of I/O behavior. The study shows that (1) the CAS has an order of magnitude improvement in performance in cases where the AS leads to process starvation and (2) in several cases the CAS has performance comparable to that of the other schedulers. But, as the literature and this study reports, no one scheduler can provide the best possible performance for all workloads; accordingly, Linux provides four I/O schedulers from which to select. Even when dealing with just four, in systems that service concurrent workloads with different I/O behaviors, a priori selection of the scheduler with the best possible performance can be an intricate task. Dynamic selection based on workload needs, system configuration, and other parameters can address this challenge. Accordingly, we are developing metrics and heuristics that can be used for this purpose. The paper concludes with a description of our efforts in this direction, in particular, we present a characterization function, based on metrics related to system behavior and I/O requests, that can be used to measure and compare scheduling algorithm performance. This characterization function can be used to dynamically select an appropriate scheduler based on observed system behavior.
Hyperprolactinaemia associated with a complex cystic pituitary mass: medical versus surgical therapy

A 39‐year‐old woman presented with visual loss and hyperprolactinaemia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intrasellar and suprasellar mass with a large cystic component that was hyperintense on T2‐weighted imaging. Prolactin levels were up to 5400 mIU/L. Following trans‐sphenoidal surgery, histology showed elements of both a Rathke's cleft cyst and prolactinoma. We suggest primary surgical management of large cystic pituitary lesions with associated hyperprolactinaemia, particularly when there is hyperintensity on T2‐weighted imaging. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 573−576)
Porcine proliferative enteropathy: A case-control study in swine herds in the United States

Results: Porcine hemorrhagic enteropathy (PHE) occurred in 11 herds, and porcine intestinal adenomatosis (PIA) in 19 herds. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, use of a new building and recent mixing of pigs were associated (P<.05) with PPE. Management stressors such as overheating, chilling, number of times mixed, number of feeders per pen, and group size were not significantly associated with PPE. Fecal samples were more likely (P<.05) to be positive by PCR in case than control herds. Herds with PHE were more likely (P=.05) than herds with PIA to have at least one PCR-positive fecal sample. Implications: Placement of pigs into new facilities and commingling of groups of pigs significantly increase the risk of PPE. Production and management practices linked with high health status may not be associated with reduced risks of PPE outbreaks. Analysis of fecal samples by PCR is useful to detect L intracellularis in the population, but fecal samples are more likely to be PCR positive in herds with PHE than in herds with PIA.
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia: diagnosis and management update

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially devastating immune mediated adverse drug reaction caused by the emergence of antibodies that activate platelets in the presence of heparin. Despite thrombocytopenia, bleeding is rare; rather, HIT is strongly associated with thromboembolic complications involving both the arterial and venous systems. A number of laboratory tests are available to confirm the diagnosis; however, when HIT is clinically suspected, treatment should not be withheld pending the result. Fortunately, therapeutic strategies have been refined, and new and effective therapeutic agents are available. Treatment options are focused on inhibiting thrombin formation or direct thrombin inhibition. Warfarin should not be used until the platelet count has recovered.
Head movements during conversational speech in patients with schizophrenia

Background: Motor abnormalities are frequently described in schizophrenia, and work by Altorfer and colleagues suggests that measuring head movements during conversational speech shows differences at the level of the individual. We wished to see whether their findings, conducted using computer analysis of video obtained in motion capture suites, could be replicated using compact, portable movement sensors, in a case–control study comparing the mean amplitude of head movements during general conversation. Methods: A referred sample of inpatients and outpatients with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia was identified from case note information. Movement sensors, mounted in a baseball cap worn by subjects, transmitted data via Bluetooth to a laptop, which simultaneously captured audio to identify who was speaking. Subjects also completed a series of rating scales. Results: Data from the final 11 cases and 11 controls demonstrated a substantial group difference in mean amplitude of head movement velocity during speech (p < 0.0001), although this was not significant at the level of the individual. Conclusions: Movement sensors proved well suited to capturing head movements, demonstrating a large effect size in subjects with schizophrenia.
Backside illuminated wafer-to-wafer bonding single photon avalanche diode array

We present an innovative sensor chip, exploiting backside illumination of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer integrating custom single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), flipped and wafer-bonded on a standard CMOS wafer integrating the analog front-end circuit, in-pixel digital processing and readout electronics. Two major improvements are achieved: higher pixel density and fill-factor, since these detectors are placed on the top of the corresponding smart-pixel electronics, instead of being placed side-by-side (as in planar structures); enhanced spectral sensitivity in the near-infrared, up to 1 μm wavelength, thanks to thicker active volume within the SOI detector wafer and to the backside illumination of the active area.
A review of standardized patients in clinical education: Implications for speech-language pathology programs

The use of standardized patients has been reported as a viable addition to traditional models of professional practice education in medicine, nursing and allied health programs. Educational programs rely on the inclusion of work-integrated learning components in order to graduate competent practitioners. Allied health programs world-wide have reported increasing difficulty in attaining sufficient traditional placements for students within the workplace. In response to this, allied health professionals are challenged to be innovative and problem-solving in the development and maintenance of clinical education placements and to consider potential alternative learning opportunities for students. Whilst there is a bank of literature describing the use of standardized patients in medicine and nursing, reports of its use in speech-language pathology clinical education are limited. Therefore, this paper aims to (1) provide a review of literature reporting on the use of standardized patients within medical and allied health professions with particular reference to use in speech-language pathology, (2) discuss methodological and practical issues involved in establishing and maintaining a standardized patient program and (3) identify future directions for research and clinical programs using standardized patients to build foundation clinical skills such as communication, interpersonal interaction and interviewing.