Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of extra‐embryonic provisioning on larval morphology and histogenesis in Boccardia proboscidea (Annelida, Spionidae)

Morphology is strongly correlated with trophic mode in marine invertebrate larvae. We asked if larval morphogenesis is influenced by adelphophagy, a trophic mode in which larvae are provisioned with additional yolk in the form of extra‐embryonic nurse eggs, instead of the more common increase in egg size. We used histology and scanning electron microscopy to analyze morphogenesis in Boccardia proboscidea, a polychaete that produces both small planktotrophic larvae and large adelphophagic larvae in a single egg capsule. Results indicate that both morphs are similar for histogenesis of ectodermal derivatives, and differ for the gut mucosa and coelom which show delayed differentiation in the adelphophagic morph. Heterochrony in gut and coelom development suggests that differentiation of these organ systems is decoupled from overall development, and that a trade‐off exists between maturation of these tissues and rapid growth. We also looked for potential barriers to adelphophagy in planktotrophic larvae that have nurse eggs available to them. These planktotrophic larvae appeared morphologically equipped for adelphophagy: the gut was differentiated at an early stage, and larvae had structures involved in nurse‐egg ingestion in the adelphophagic morph (e.g., oral cilia and ventral ciliated patches). Planktotrophic larvae were additionally capable of ingesting particles (Di‐I) while in the egg capsule. Lack of adelphophagy in planktotrophic larvae remains enigmatic but these results indicate that morphology alone does not account for the arrested development shown by these larvae. J. Morphol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unraveling the acoustic electron-phonon interaction in graphene

Using a first-principles approach we calculate the acoustic electron-phonon couplings in graphene for the transverse (TA) and longitudinal (LA) acoustic phonons. Analytic forms of the coupling matrix elements valid in the long-wavelength limit are found to give an almost quantitative description of the first-principles based matrix elements even at shorter wavelengths. Using the analytic forms of the coupling matrix elements, we study the acoustic phonon-limited carrier mobility for temperatures 0-200 K and high carrier densities of 10^{12}-10^{13} cm^{-2}. We find that the intrinsic effective acoustic deformation potential of graphene is \Xi_eff = 6.8 eV and that the temperature dependence of the mobility \mu ~ T^{-\alpha} increases beyond an \alpha = 4 dependence even in the absence of screening when the full coupling matrix elements are considered. The large disagreement between our calculated deformation potential and those extracted from experimental measurements (18-29 eV) indicates that additional or modified acoustic phonon-scattering mechanisms are at play in experimental situations.
Insuficiencia renal aguda relacionada con fármacos en pacientes hospitalizados

La IRA es una complicacion frecuente y grave durante la hospitalizacion. Sin embargo, la informacion sobre la incidencia de insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) es variable. Mientras la informacion sobre la incidencia de IRA intrahospitalaria relacionada con medicamentos y las caracteristicas de los pacientes es escasa. El objetivo principal fue estimar la incidencia de IRA intrahospitalaria, asi como la relacionada con medicamentos en pacientes hospitalizados en areas no criticas y comparar sus caracteristicas con las de los pacientes con IRA relacionada con otras causas. Para ello, se realizo un estudio observacional prospectivo de una cohorte prospectiva de pacientes con IRA durante la hospitalizacion en areas no criticas entre julio de 2010 a julio de 2011. Se recogio informacion sobre caracteristicas y antecedentes de los pacientes, factores de riesgo y gravedad de la IRA segun la clasificacion RIFLE y la medicacion durante la hospitalizacion. La clasificacion RIFLE permite detectar con elevada sensibilidad los pacientes con funcion renal ligeramente alterada y con una alta especificidad los pacientes con una marcada disfuncion renal. El analisis de la imputabilidad de los farmacos y la evaluacion de la relacion causal se realizo siguiendo los metodos y el algoritmo del Sistema Espanol de Farmacovigilancia. Se realizo un subestudio del coste economico directo de la IRA durante la hospitalizacion desde la perspectiva del hospital. Resultados. Un total de 194 casos presentaron un episodio de IRA intrahospitalaria. La edad mediana de los pacientes fue de 72 anos [RI 20]; 60% eran hombres. La incidencia de IRA intrahospitalaria fue de 9,6 por 1000 ingresos. Un 77,8% de los casos presentaron riesgo o dano renal segun la clasificacion RIFLE. En 105 (54,1%) casos, la IRA se relaciono con medicamentos; principalmente diureticos, medicamentos que actuan sobre el sistema renina-angiotensina, inmunosupresores, bloqueadores β-adrenergicos, bloqueantes de los canales de calcio, medios de contraste y antiinflamatorios no esteroides. La morbilidad cardiovascular fue mayor y la frecuencia de factores de riesgo de IRA y la mortalidad menores en los pacientes con IRA relacionada con medicamentos. Conclusiones. La mitad de los episodios de IRA intrahospitalaria se relacionaron con medicamentos, en pacientes con mayor morbilidad cardiovascular, pero menos factores de riesgo de IRA y menor mortalidad
The lack of clinical distinction between the hypermobility type of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and the joint hypermobility syndrome (a.k.a. hypermobility syndrome)

The Lack of Clinical Distinction Between the Hypermobility Type of Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome and the Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (a.k.a. Hypermobility Syndrome) Brad T. Tinkle,* Howard A. Bird, Rodney Grahame, Mark Lavallee, Howard P. Levy, and David Sillence Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom Memorial Sports Medicine Institute, South Bend, Indiana Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Connective Tissue Dysplasia Management Service, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
Diagnosing Dementia in Primary Care: The Accuracy of Informant Reports

In the diagnosis of dementia, information obtained from informants or proxies is important; however, little is known about the circumstances under which informants' reports lack accuracy. This study compares informant reports of cognitive status against psychometric tests to identify the degree of, and factors associated with, discrepant reporting. Four areas of patient cognitive ability were examined: memory of recent events, ability to remember a short list of items after a delay, language/naming abilities, and working memory. Primary care practitioners recruited 248 community-dwelling patients aged 75 years or more or aged 50–74 years with suspected memory complaints; 248 friends or relatives acted as informants. More than half of the informants (60%) gave responses consistent with psychometric testing. Informants who underreported patient difficulties tended to report on patients who were diagnosed as having subclinical dementia, were less educated, and had poorer remote memory. Informants who overreported difficulties were more likely to report on those diagnosed with dementia. While informant accounts are critical for the assessment of dementia, we found that in 40% of cases these reports may be inaccurate, particularly when the patient has low education and poor remote memory or when overall cognitive difficulties are mild.
Metabolism of the Aryloxyphenoxypropanoate Herbicide, CGA 184927, in Wheat, Barley and Maize: Differential Effects of the Safener, CGA 185072

Abstract The influence of the safener, CGA 185072 (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy-acetic acid-1-methylhexyl-ester), on the metabolism of the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide, CGA 184927 (2-propynyl-R-2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro-2-pyridinyloxy)-phenoxy]-propionate), was studied in excised leaves of wheat, barley, and maize. In wheat and barley, CGA 184927 readily underwent ester hydrolysis followed by hydroxylation at the pyridinyl moiety as well as ether cleavage between the pyridinyl and the phenyl ring. Ether cleavage constituted the minor pathway in both species. All metabolites were subject to glycosyl conjugation. Tetcyclacis strongly inhibited pyridinyl-ring hydroxylation in wheat. Metabolism by hydroxylation and ether cleavage was more rapid in wheat than in barley, and was found to be accelerated in the presence of the safener CGA 185072 in both wheat and, to a lesser degree, in barley. Moreover, the safener increased the capacity for O-glycoside formation in wheat as suggested from studies using the ,4C-labelled pyridinyl-ring hydroxylated metabolite as a precursor. In maize, which is highly susceptible to CGA 184927, rapid ester hydrolysis of CGA 184927 and partial conversion of the corresponding carboxylic acid to glycosyl ester conjugate(s) occurred. However, no further transformation of the herbicide was found in maize, both in the absence or presence of CGA 185072. It is concluded that the ability of CGA 185072 to protect wheat from injury by the herbicide, CGA 184927, and to confer partial protection to barley, is related to the ability of the safener to stimulate herbicide metabolism in these crop species.
Spray-on transdermal drug delivery systems

Introduction: Transdermal drug delivery possesses superior advantages over other routes of administration, particularly minimizing first-pass metabolism. Transdermal drug delivery is challenged by the barrier nature of skin. Numerous technologies have been developed to overcome the relatively low skin permeability, including spray-on transdermal systems. Areas covered: A transdermal spray-on system (TSS) usually consists of a solution containing the drug, a volatile solvent and in many cases a chemical penetration enhancer. TSS promotes drug delivery via the complex interplay between solvent evaporation and drug–solvent drag into skin. The volatile solvent carries the drug into the upper layers of the stratum corneum, and as the volatile solvent evaporates, an increase in the thermodynamic activity of the drug occurs resulting in an increased drug loading in skin. Expert opinion: TSS is easily applied, delivering flexible drug dosage and associated with lower incidence of skin irritation. TSS provides a fast-drying product where the volatile solvent enables uniform drug distribution with minimal vehicle deposition on skin. TSS ensures precise dose administration that is aesthetically appealing and eliminates concerns of residual drug associated with transdermal patches. Furthermore, it provides a better alternative to traditional transdermal products due to ease of product development and manufacturing.
Laser irradiation of bone: III. Long-term healing following treatment by CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers.

BACKGROUND Relative few reports exist concerning healing of laser created osteotomies over an extended period of time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term healing, from 21 to 63 days, of osteotomy defects in the rat tibia created with the Nd:YAG and CO2 in the presence of a surface cooling spray of air/water. METHODS The experimental model consisted of 15 large Sprague-Dawley rats. Six treatment modalities were randomly distributed among 6 tibial recipient sites: 1) a negative control (no treatment); 2) a positive control (bur osteotomy); 3) CO2 laser at 5 W (860 J/cm2); 4) CO2 laser at 6 W (1,032 J/cm2); 5) Nd:YAG laser at 5 W (714 J/cm2); and 6) Nd:YAG laser at 7 W (1,000 J/cm2). All laser irradiation was delivered in the presence of a surface coolant consisting of air (15 psi) and sterile water. Five animals were sacrificed at each of 3 time intervals: 21, 35, and 63 days post-treatment. Multiple histologic sections from each treatment site were examined by light microscopy using hematoxylin and eosin Goldner's trichrome stains, and polarized light and evaluated for presence of a char layer, heat induced cracking, heat related alterations in cells or tissue matrix, and osseous regeneration. RESULTS Healing was severely delayed in all laser treated sites compared to positive control sites. Of the laser treated sites, those irradiated by CO2 laser at 5 W (780 J/cm2) exhibited the greater amount of bone regeneration. At best, however, only a small percentage of sections from any of the laser treated specimens showed evidence of bone regeneration within the ablation defect regardless of the post-treatment time interval. CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions of this study, the osseous healing response was severely delayed by CO2 and Nd:YAG laser irradiation of bone, even in the presence of a surface cooling spray of air/water.
Asociación clínica entre dolor patelofemoral y los hallazgos artroscópicos

RESUMEN. El proposito de este estudio fue hacer una asociacion de dolor patelofemoral y los hallazgos en procedimientos artroscopicos; se utilizo la escala visual analoga con una ponderacion de 1 sin dolor, 10 como dolor intenso y la escala funcional de Lysholm para la funcionalidad, la clasificacion de Outerbridge para el grado de lesion del cartilago articular. Material y metodos: La poblacion del estudio fue un grupo heterogeneo de pacientes con lesiones condrales, estudio retrospectivo, observacional y longitudinal, tiempo comprendido del estudio fueron 18 meses, 69 pacientes con presencia de dolor patelofemoral, se excluyeron lesiones traumaticas de rodilla. Resultados: La lesion condral se encontro en 68 pacientes, solo 1 paciente no presento lesion condral realizandole solo la extraccion de cuerpo libre, el procedimiento mas realizado fue la limpieza articular, debridamiento, condroplastia 98.5%. El grado IV de artrosis de la rodilla fueron 35 pacientes (50.7%) el rango mas amplio de mejoria funcional fue en pacientes con grados de artrosis I y III. Discusion: Los pacientes con artrosis de la rodilla con mayores posibilidades de exito en mejoria de dolor y funcionalidad con cirugia artroscopica son los que tienen artrosis de leves a moderadas grados de I a III.
Community Reintegration After Stroke

Abstract A systematic review of the literature from 1970–2002 was conducted to highlight the issues facing stroke survivors and their families upon integration into the community. Areas of interests were social support, caregiver burden and depression, family interactions, family education intervention, social and leisure activities post stroke, and leisure therapy. Four studies were selected for detailed reviews of the effectiveness of social support, 10 studies for family education intervention, and 3 studies for leisure therapy post stroke. There was evidence that improved social support as an intervention improves outcomes and that an active educational-counseling approach has a positive impact on family functioning post stroke. However, consensus regarding leisure therapy was not achieved. This article also stresses the impact of caring for a stroke survivor and the effect it has on family functioning and caregiver burden.
Web Service Discovery and Client Goals

Adding Web service quality attributes to queries can help define client goals and improve search results. Search engines greatly facilitate the finding of information on the Web, but how well they retrieve relevant results and accurately rank them can limit Web searching ability. Various studies looking at ways to improve Web search results have determined that identifying the goals of users performing queries is a key quality factor.
Identification of hyaluronan as a crystal-binding molecule at the surface of migrating and proliferating MDCK cells.

BACKGROUND The adherence of calcium oxalate crystals to the renal tubule epithelium is considered a critical event in the pathophysiology of calcium nephrolithiasis. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals cannot adhere to the surface of a functional Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) monolayer, but they bind avidly to the surface of proliferating and migrating cells. METHODS To identify crystal-binding molecules (CBMs) at the surface of crystal-attracting cells, we applied metabolic labeling protocols in combination with differential enzymatic digestion and gel filtration, which was compared with [14C]COM crystal binding and confirmed by confocal microscopy. RESULTS The indication that hyaluronan [hyaluronic acid (HA)] might act as a CBM in subconfluent cultures came from studies with glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-degrading enzymes. Subsequently, metabolic-labeling studies revealed that hyaluronidase cleaved significantly more radiolabeled glycoconjugates from crystal-attracting cells than from cells without affinity for crystals. During wound repair, crystal binding could be prevented by pretreating the healing cultures with hyaluronate lyase, an enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes HA. Binding to immobilized HA provided evidence that COM crystals physically can become associated with this polysaccharide. Finally, confocal microscopy demonstrated that fluorescently labeled HA binding protein (HABP) adhered to the surface of proliferating cells in subconfluent cultures as well as to cells involved in closing a wound, but not to cells in confluent monolayers. CONCLUSIONS These results identify HA as binding molecule for COM crystals at the surface of migrating and proliferating MDCK cells.
Differential evolution based path planning for UAVs surveillance in wind

The Dubins model is used to describe the dynamics of UAVs in the paper. We focus on the problem of generating optimal paths for UAVs performing surveillance of multiple ground targets, which is modeled as a Dubins Traveling Salesman Problem (DTSP). The computation of Dubins distance between two configurations is simplified through freeing the heading of terminal point, which can greatly reduce the optimization scale and difficulty of the whole problem. Differential evolution algorithm based on random key encoding is used to optimize the visiting sequence of targets, and the suboptimal solution to DTSP can be derived. In view of the fact that environmental factors (e.g., wind) can make great impact on UAVs' path, a virtual moving target is introduced to approximate the influence of wind on UAVs' path. The uniqueness of the minimal time solution in the sense of terminal heading relaxation in wind is demonstrated in theory, and the method to calculate the solution is given at the same time. In the simulation, we verify the effectiveness of the model and make a comparison between the different planning results with wind and without wind.
Immuno‐endocrine and metabolic responses to long distance ski racing in world‐class male and female cross‐country skiers

The purpose of this study was to characterize the extent of immune, endocrine, substrate and metabolic changes during a long‐distance cross‐country ski race in extremely well‐trained athletes and evaluate if the blood perturbations would indicate signs of health risk. Ten male (M) and six female (F) national team skiers were investigated as they followed their usual routines of race preparations. Blood samples were drawn before and immediately after a World Cup 50‐km M and 30‐km F ski race with a mean finish time of 142 and 104 min, respectively. Hemoglobin, electrolytes, and C‐reactive protein remained unchanged for both M and F. Serum testosterone remained unchanged in M, but doubled in F. Significant increases were observed in concentrations of granulocytes (F: 5×, M: 5×), natural killer cells (F: 2×, M: 1.5×), adrenaline (F: 12×, M:10×), noradrenaline (F: 7×, M:5×), growth hormone (F: 30×, M: 22×), cortisol (F: 1.5×, M:2×), glucose (F: 2×, M:1.5×), creatine kinase (F: 2×, M:2×), uric acid (F: 1.5×, M: 1.5×) and non‐organic phosphate (F:2×, M:2×), while insulin concentration decreased (F: 0.5×, M: 0.8×). Free fatty acid (FFA) concentration increased (F:2×, M: 3×). In conclusion, we observed substantial changes in several immuno‐endocrine, substrate and metabolic measurements after long distance cross‐country ski racing and suggest that some of these marked changes may reflect the large amount of muscle mass involved during skiing.
Extracellular vesicles yield predictive pre-eclampsia biomarkers

ABSTRACT Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as cholera toxin B chain (CTB)- or annexin V (AV)-binding EVs were previously shown to be rich sources of biomarkers. Here we test if previously identified pre-eclampsia (PE) candidate biomarkers, TIMP-1 in CTB-EVs (CTB-TIMP) and PAI-1 in AV-EVs (AV-PAI) complement plasma PlGF in predicting PE in a low-risk obstetric population. Eight hundred and forty-three prospectively banked plasma samples collected at 28 + 0 to 32 + 0 gestation weeks in the Neonatal and Obstetrics Risk Assessment (NORA) cohort study were assayed by sandwich ELISAs for plasma PlGF, CTB-TIMP1 and AV-PAI1. Nineteen patients subsequently developed PE 7.3 (±2.9) weeks later at a mean gestational age of 36.1 ± 3.5 weeks. The biomarkers were assessed for their predictive accuracy for PE using stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis with Firth correction and Areas under the curve (AUC). To achieve 100% sensitivity in predicting PE, the cut-off for plasma PlGF, CTB-TIMP1 & AV-PAI1 were set at <1235, ≤300 or >1300 and <10,550 pg/mL plasma, respectively. The corresponding AUCs, specificity and PPV at a 95% confidence interval were 0.92, 52.1% and 4.7%; 0.72, 44.5% and 4.0%; and 0.69, 21.5% and 2.9%, respectively. At 100% sensitivity, the three biomarkers had a combined AUC of 0.96, specificity of 78.6%, and PPV of 9.9%. This is the first large cohort validation of the utility of EV-associated analytes as disease biomarkers. Specifically, EV biomarkers enhanced the predictive robustness of an existing PE biomarker sufficiently to justify PE screening in a low-risk general obstetric population.