Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preclinical pharmacology of CGP 42′446, a new, potent, heterocyclic bisphosphonate compound

We have investigated the pharmacologic effects of a new bisphosphonate compound, CGP 42′446 [2‐(imidazol‐1‐yl)‐1‐hydroxyethylidene‐1,1‐bisphosphonate], on bone metabolism. The compound exhibited potent inhibitory activity on the bone resorption induced by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 both in vivo in the thyroparathyroidectomized rat (ED50 0.072 μg/kg SC) and in vitro in mouse calvarial cultures (IC50 0.002 μM). A comparison of the in vivo and in vitro inhibitory potencies of a total of nine bisphosphonates revealed an excellent correlation between the two assays (r = 0.97). CGP 42′446 also potently inhibited calvarial bone resorption induced by parathyroid hormone (1–34), parathyroid hormone‐related protein (1–34), and recombinant human interleukin‐1β. Short‐term treatment of growing rats with CGP 42′446 dose‐dependently increased the radiographic density of the tibial proximal metaphysis (ED50 1.7 μg/kg SC) as well as increasing the calcium and hydroxyproline content of femoral trabeculae (ED50 values 0.17 and 1.1 μg/kg SC, respectively), but there was no detectable effect on cortical bone. On a molar basis in this range of in vivo screening assays, CGP 42′446 was between 940‐fold (thyroparathyroidectomized rat) and 87‐fold (rat femoral trabecular calcium content) more potent than pamidronate. It is concluded that CGP 42′446 is a promising new, highly potent bisphosphonate for the suppression of the increased bone resorption associated with various diseases.
JTDL: An Input Modeling Language for Particle Transport Simulators

A method and apparatus for operating geography-altering machinery such as a track-type tractor, road grader, paver or the like relative to a work site to alter the geography of the site toward a desired condition. A first digital three-dimensional model of the desired site geography, and a second digital three-dimensional model of the actual site geography are stored in a digital data storage facility. The machine is equipped with a position receiver to determine in three-dimensional space the location of the machine relative to the site. A dynamic database receives the machine position information, determines the difference between the first and second site models and generates representational signals of that difference for directing the operation of the machine to bring the actual site geography into conformity with the desired site geography. In one embodiment, the signals representing the machine position and the difference between the first and second site models used to generate an operator display which is updated in real time. Alternately, the signals representing the difference between the first and second site models can be supplied to automatic machine controls for autonomous or semi-autonomous operation of the machine.
Loss to analysis in randomized controlled trials in CKD.

BACKGROUND Nephrology has a limited number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The quality of randomized trials is compromised further when not all participants randomly assigned are accounted for transparently. OBJECTIVES Systematically evaluate RCTs in individuals with chronic kidney disease regarding reporting and accounting of data missing in outcome analysis. STUDY DESIGN De novo empirical evaluation. SETTING & POPULATION English-language parallel-group design RCTs in adults with chronic kidney disease on dialysis therapy or with a kidney transplant published in MEDLINE in 2007 and 2008. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS (1) How often was there loss to analysis, defined as not all randomly assigned participants included in primary outcome analysis? (2) How often was intention-to-treat analysis complete; in other words, included all randomly assigned participants in their originally allocated group? (3) How often were methods of data imputation reported? RESULTS Of 196 eligible RCTs, 27% did not clearly describe a primary outcome, 5% did not provide numbers of patients randomly assigned and analyzed, and 12% used time-to-event analysis. Of the remaining 110 studies, 58% had some loss to analysis, with a median loss to analysis of 10%. Fifty-four percent of trials claimed to have performed an intention-to-treat analysis, but only 44% of those included all participants randomly assigned. Only 5 of 110 (5%) studies mentioned imputation of missing data. LIMITATIONS Evaluation is restricted to analysis of primary study outcome. Only English-language publications were included. Exclusion of time-to-event analyses. CONCLUSIONS In variance to the reporting standards of CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials), we found primary outcome designation missing in one-fourth of trials and poor quality in reporting and accounting of primary outcome data lost to analysis. Greater attention to transparency in handling and reporting loss to analysis will enhance the quality of trials in individuals with chronic kidney disease.
Interfrequency Performance Characterizations of GPS During Signal Outages From an Anomaly Crest Location

Introduction of new navigation signals L2C (1227.60 MHz) and L5 (1176.45 MHz) to the existing GPS (Global Positioning System) spectrum, under the modernization program of GPS offers the improvement of position accuracy. The present study aims to understand the relative robustness of the L2C and L5 signals compared to legacy L1 C/A signal during periods of scintillations in terms of durations of cycle slips encountered from an anomaly crest location, Calcutta (22.58°N, 88.38°E geographic; magnetic dip 32°N). The data analyzed in this study were recorded during the vernal equinox of 2014 (February–April), a period of high solar activity of cycle 24. Results obtained from the comparative analyses, which are perhaps one of the first from the Indian longitude sector, indicate GPS L5 to be more robust than L1 C/A and L2C in terms of occurrence and duration of cycle slips under adverse ionospheric conditions. Furthermore, loss‐of‐lock events of duration greater than 6 s are found to be more frequent for S4 ≥ 0.6. It is found that frequency sensitivity of the GPS spectrum, in terms of occurrence of cycle slips and loss of locks are in conformity with earlier results from the equatorial region but are different from the high latitudes with respect to local time of occurrence and geomagnetic activity.
Physical activity compensates for increased mortality risk among older people with poor muscle strength

The aim of the study was to determine whether habitual physical activity can compensate for the increased mortality risk among older people with poor muscle strength. Mortality was followed up for 10 years after laboratory examination in 558 community dwelling 75‐ and 80‐year‐old men and women. Maximal isometric strength of five muscle groups was measured and tertile cut‐off points were used to categorize participants. Participants, who reported moderate physical activity for at least 4 h a week, were categorized as physically active and the others as sedentary. High muscle strength and physical activity both protected from mortality, but their effect was not additive. Within each muscle strength tertile, physically active people had a lower mortality risk than sedentary people, the effect being most pronounced among those with lower strength in all muscle groups. A high level of physical activity may thus compensate for the increased mortality associated with low muscle strength.
Internet of Things in Precision Agriculture using Wireless Sensor Networks

: The Internet of Things (IoT), the idea of getting real-world objects connected with each other, will change the way users organize, obtain and consume information radically. Internet of Things (IoT) enables various applications (crop growth monitoring and selection, irrigation decision support, etc.) in Digital Agriculture domain. The Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) is widely used to build decision support systems. These systems overcomes many problems in the real-world. One of the most interesting fields having an increasing need of decision support systems is Precision Agriculture (PA). Through sensor networks, agriculture can be connected to the IoT, which allows us to create connections among agronomists, farmers and crops regardless of their geographical differences. With the help of this approach which provides real-time information about the lands and crops that will help farmers make right decisions. The major advantage is implementation of WSN in Precision Agriculture (PA) will optimize the usage of water fertilizers while maximizing the yield of the crops and also will help in analyzing the weather conditions of the field.
Learning generalizable surface cleaning actions from demonstration

When surveyed, potential users often report cleaning as a desired robot capability. Cleaning tasks, such as dusting, wiping, or scrubbing, involve applying a tool on a surface. A general-purpose robotic solution to household cleaning needs to address manipulation of the numerous cleaning tools made for different purposes. Finding a universal solution to this manipulation problem is extremely challenging and it is not feasible for developers to pre-program the robot to use every possible tool. Instead, our work seeks to allow end users to program robots by demonstration using their own specific tools. We propose a method to extract a compact representation of a cleaning action from a single demonstration, such that the tool can be applied on different surfaces. The method exploits key insights about tool directionality and constraints placed on the provided demonstration. We demonstrate that our method is able to reliably learn cleaning actions for six different tools and apply those actions on different testing surfaces, even ones smaller than the training surface. Our method reproduces the cleaning performance of the demonstrated trajectory when applied on the training surface and it captures different user preferences.
Who should collect Opiate Treatment Index data in opiate treatment outcome monitoring: clinic staff or researchers?

The Opiate Treatment Index (OTI), an instrument designed to monitor treatment outcome of opioid users, is becoming increasingly popular among clinicians and researchers in the United Kingdom. This study was designed to examine how the OTI would perform when administered by clinic staff compared to externally contracted researchers in clinical settings. In a confidential setting, the OTI was administered twice to 55 opioid users from two London clinics, in a random fashion, once by trained clinic staff and once by researchers within a 2-week period. The data generated by both groups were similar with respect to social functioning, physical health and psychological adjustment. Where differences occurred, in almost all the cases they were not statistically significant. Clients reported slightly higher levels of drug use episodes, injecting behaviour and criminal activity to researchers. In both groups, none of the clients admitted to paid sex, and low levels of criminal activity and illicit drug use are reported-findings which are most probably related to the stability of these patients rather than systematic under-reporting. Although this cross-sectional study showed that the OTI could be applied equally effectively by clinic staff and researchers in clinical settings, further research is needed to examine whether the situation would hold true in routine outcome monitoring. To ensure that reliable and valid data are generated in routine monitoring of treatment programmes, several issues relating to clinic staff (e.g. motivation, time); clients (e.g. co-operation, confidentiality) and researchers (e.g. cost) need to be addressed.
Experimental Comparison Between a Conventional and a Distributed Indoor MIMO System

This paper compares conventional and distributed MIMO systems from a measurement campaign. The environment chosen was a laboratory from the Technical University of Cartagena. There are many scatters in this laboratory, so it is favourable for the implementation of a MIMO system as the capacity would be high. Different configurations of the transmitter are studied for both systems in order to obtain the optimal one. The channel sounder used is based on a multiport network analyzer (MNA) and a fast switch. The measurement process is controlled by a laptop. Results of mean capacity and complementary cumulative distribution functions (CCDF) of capacity are presented. It can be observed from results that the capacity obtained from the distributed MIMO system is around the capacity of an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) fading channel. In the case of using a conventional MIMO system, the capacity obtained for the lambda and the 2lambda element separation configuration is similar, but when using the lambda/2 element separation the capacity is low.
Effect of garlic supplement in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of garlic supplement in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) by using the terms garlic and T2DM up to April 2017. The quality of included RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane tool of risk of bias, and data of outcomes were pooled by REVMAN 5.3. Clinical factors were handled by meta-regression and subgroup analysis, and risk of publication bias was explored by inverted funnel plots. Nine RCTs involving 768 T2DM patients were included in the meta-analysis, and the dose of daily garlic (allicin) supplement ranged from 0.05g to 1.5g. A significant reduction in the level of fasting blood glucose in 1–2 weeks [SMD = −1.61, 95%CI (−2.89, −0.32)], 3–4 weeks [SMD = −2.87, 95%CI (−4.74, −1.00)], 12 weeks [SMD = −9.57, 95%CI (−12.39, −6.75)], and 24 weeks [SMD = −21.02, 95%CI (−32.47, −9.57)] was achieved in favour of the garlic group rather than the control group. Significantly decreased fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin (both in 12 and 24 weeks) were also found in garlic group. Meanwhile, significantly improved blood liquids of total cholesterol [SMD = −1.93, 95%CI (−2.98, −0.87), 3–4 weeks], high density lipoprotein [SMD = −0.41, 95%CI (−0.83, −0.00), 3–4 weeks] and low density lipoprotein [SMD = −3.47, 95%CI (−5.76, −1.18), 12 weeks] were confirmed after garlic administration. There was no significant difference in complications. Current data confirms that garlic supplement plays positive and sustained roles in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and high/low density lipoprotein regulation in the management of T2DM. Abbreviations: T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus; RCT = randomized controlled trial; SMD = standard mean difference; CI = confidence interval; FBG = fasting blood glucose; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; HDL = high density lipoprotein; LDL = low density lipoprotein.
High‐throughput flow cytometry: Validation in microvolume bioassays

We recently reported an automated sample handling system, designated HyperCyt, by which samples are aspirated from microplate wells and delivered to the flow cytometer for analysis at rates approaching 100 samples per minute. In this approach, an autosampler and peristaltic pump introduce samples into a tubing line that directly connects to the flow cytometer. Air bubbles are inserted between samples to prevent sample dispersion. In the present work, we compare results of HyperCyt with those of conventional manual flow cytometric analysis in representative flow cytometric bioassays and describe a cell suspension method in which HyperCyt exploits the use of microvolume wells.
CONTINUING THE CONVERSATION Amartya Sen talks with

AS: My interest in inequality, which goes back to my school days, was initially quite fixed on class divisions. My involvement with gender inequality grew more slowly. There was much greater concentration on class in standard politics (including standard student politics), and when in the early 1950s I was studying at Presidency College in Calcutta, it was taken for granted that class divisions were incomparably more important than other social divisions. Indeed, when later on, in the late 1960s, I started working on gender inequality (I was then teaching at Delhi University), many of my close friends still saw this as quite an ‘‘unsound’’ broadening of interest, involving a ‘‘dilution’’ of one’s ‘‘focus on class. ’’ But, in addition to that political issue of priority, it is also true that classbased inequalities are, in many ways, much more transparent, which no one – even a child – can miss, without closing one’s eyes altogether. Even my sense of agony and outrage at the Great Bengal famine of 1943, to which you refer (and which did strongly shake even my 9-year-old mind), was also linked to the class pattern of mortality. Aside from the anger and outrage at the fact that millions could actually die of hunger and hunger-related diseases, I was amazed by the extraordinary recognition that no one I knew personally, through family connections or social ones, had any serious economic problem during the famine, while unknown millions, men, women, and children, roamed the country in search of food and fell and perished. The class character of famines in particular and of economic deprivation in general was impossible to escape. There was, of course, evidence of inequality between men and women as well. But its severe and brutal manifestations (on which I researched much later – from the late 1960s to the 1990s) were well hidden from immediate observation. And the less extreme expressions were confounded by a prevailing attitudinal fog. For example, in comparison with Feminist Economics 9(2 – 3), 2003, 319 – 332
On Organizational Becoming: Rethinking Organizational Change

Traditional approaches to organizational change have been dominated by assumptions privileging stability, routine, and order. As a result, organizational change has been reified and treated as exceptional rather than natural. In this paper, we set out to offer an account of organizational change on its own terms--to treat change as the normal condition of organizational life. The central question we address is as follows: What must organization(s) be like if change is constitutive of reality? Wishing to highlight the pervasiveness of change in organizations, we talk about organizational becoming. Change, we argue, is the reweaving of actors' webs of beliefs and habits of action to accommodate new experiences obtained through interactions. Insofar as this is an ongoing process, that is to the extent actors try to make sense of and act coherently in the world, change is inherent in human action, and organizations are sites of continuously evolving human action. In this view, organization is a secondary accomplishment, in a double sense. Firstly, organization is the attempt to order the intrinsic flux of human action, to channel it towards certain ends by generalizing and institutionalizing particular cognitive representations. Secondly, organization is a pattern that is constituted, shaped, and emerging from change. Organization aims at stemming change but, in the process of doing so, it is generated by it. These claims are illustrated by drawing on the work of several organizational ethnographers. The implications of this view for theory and practice are outlined.
Análisis de deserción en una Institución de Educación Superior Colombiana mediante el uso de Minería de Datos para la Educación (EDM)

La mineria de datos para la educacion es una disciplina emergente la cual busca el desarrollo de metodos que permitan explorar grandes cantidades de datos provenientes de entornos educativos con el fin de entender mejor a los estudiantes. En los ultimos anos se han realizado diversos trabajos relacionados con esta disciplina y se han utilizado multiples tecnicas de mineria de datos para abordar diferentes problematicas educativas. El objetivo de esta publicacion es presentar una revision de los trabajos en los cuales se han utilizado tecnicas de minerias de datos para solucionar problematicas particulares de la educacion y realizar una clasificacion de estas asociadas a los diversos escenarios en los que se han aplicado.
Computer‐assisted implant surgery; a flapless surgical/immediate loaded approach with 1 year follow‐up

It has been suggested that for success with immediate loaded dental implants it is necessary that, prior to their placement, bone quantity and quality as well as the biomechanical environment in which the implants are to function be evaluated. However, conventional techniques currently used for immediate implant placement lack sufficient precision and are usually accomplished by opening flap procedures. The purpose of this paper is to report the benefit of sophisticated pre‐operative diagnostic implant planning and a flapless surgical approach with immediate loading.
Clinical Practice Guideline on Otitis Media with Effusion in Young Children: Strengths and Weaknesses

The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) recently published the CIinical Practice Guideline on Otitis Media with Effusion in Young Children. ~ The Guideline was developed by a consortium of the American Academies of Pediatrics, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surger), and Family Physicians under contract with the AHCPR, and it is 1 of 12 clinical guidelines on a variety of medica• conditions published by the AHCPR. Because otitis media is the most common diagnosis made by physicians who provide health care for children, 2» because there is a perceived variation in practice patterns by these physicians, and because the annual direct and indirect costs have been estimated to be in excess of $3.5 billion, 4 the AHCPR selected this disease for guideline development. The Guideline is the product of an extensive literature search, careful analysis, and diligent work by a panel of health care professionals and a consumer representative; in addition to the 19 members of the multidisciplinary panel there were almost 100 peer reviewers. The panel limited the "target patient" to an otherwise healthy child 1 through 3 years of age who had otitis
Social cognition and social functioning in nonclinical paranoia

Introduction. Persons with nonclinical paranoia show many of the same biases as those with clinical paranoia, suggesting that paranoia exists on a continuum. However, little is known about the various social cognitive processes found in paranoia and how these relate to social functioning and social behaviours in general. This study will examine performance on emotion perception and attributional style measures and their relationship to social functioning, social problem solving, and social skill. A key element in this study will be the incorporation of ambiguity in the perception of emotional expressions and the assignment of attributional blame, which appears to be an important, yet neglected, construct in paranoia. Methods. Twenty-six persons with high levels of nonclinical paranoia and 31 persons with low levels of paranoia completed measures of emotion perception, attributional style, social functioning, and social problem solving. Salient and subtle emotional expressions were used to examine how ambiguity impacts emotion perception in paranoia. Results. The group high in nonclinical paranoia showed reduced accuracy for subtle negative emotional expressions and showed more perceived hostility and blame for ambiguous social situations as compared to the group low in nonclinical paranoia. Also, the high nonclinical paranoia group reported less social engagement, fewer social contacts, and more problems in social perception and social skill than the group low in nonclinical paranoia. Conclusion. Social cognitive and social functioning biases are found in persons with high levels of nonclinical paranoia. Possible mechanisms of these biases and relevance for treatment approaches are discussed.