Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Phosphotyrosine 766 : Molecular Target for Prevention of Progression of Prostate Tumors to Malignancy 1

Dissection of processes that promote the slow progression to malignancy from those that drive the malignant phenotype, once acquired, is important for identification of molecular targets for rational design of dietary and pharmaceutical intervention to hold premalignant cancer in check. In adult parenchymal organs, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) kinase isotypes are partitioned between stroma and epithelium, respectively, and mediate communication between the two compartments to maintain organ homeostasis. The ectopic appearance of stromal FGFR1 is a hallmark of epithelial cells from model transplantable rat prostate tumors that progress to malignancy. Here we show that, despite the fact that it is transcriptionally active, the appearance of FGFR1 in nonmalignant prostate tumor epithelial cells at first does not drive cell proliferation or support a malignant phenotype. These properties develop over time with proliferative aging of the cell population coincident with FGFR1dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Phospholipase C -interactive phosphotyrosine 766 of FGFR1 is required for the age-dependent acquisition of the proliferative response to FGFR1, although it appears not to be required for the mitogenic response. Although of little utility in late-stage therapy, this suggests that pathways linked to FGFR1 tyrosine 766 may be specific targets for prevention of progression of latent nonmalignant tumors to the life-threatening malignant state.
INCIDENCIA DEL PARTO PREMATURO EN MUJERES EMBARAZADAS QUE HAN SUFRIDO VIOLENCIA EN URUGUAY

Se evaluo el riesgo de parto prematuro en mujeres embarazadas uruguayas que hayan declarado sufrir violencia durante el ano 2012. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo en Uruguay, durante el ano 2012. La muestra estuvo constituida por 43.989 mujeres embarazadas registradas en el Sistema Informatico Perinatal (S.I.P), que reportaron hechos violentos y presentaron los datos necesarios para el estudio. El analisis estadistico se realizo a traves de Chi cuadrado, Varianza, Test de Student y Regresion binaria. Las mujeres que relataron situaciones de violencia sufridas en algun momento de la gestacion, fueron 1,3% del total de mujeres embarazadas. Casi el 19% de los partos de las mujeres que sufrieron violencia fue de pre termino; constituyendose la violencia como el mayor riesgo social para la Prematurez Odds Ratio (OR): 1,34 (95% IC 1,03-1,76). La asociacion resulto fuerte e independiente de otras variables incluidas en el estudio. Los recien nacidos de estas mujeres presentaron bajo peso, deficiente perimetro cefalico e insuficiente longitud al nacer. La violencia en la mujer embarazada, como condicion social, resulto ser el mayor riesgo social para el parto prematuro. Por las consecuencias adversas que genera la violencia, deberia ser prioridad para los agentes de la salud.
One-step Quantitative RT-PCR Assays for Detecting, Genotyping and Differentiating Wild-Type Group a Rotaviruses and Vaccine (Rotarix® and RotaTeq®) Strains in Stool Samples.

Rashi Gautam1,2* and Michael D Bowen1 1Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 2IHRC Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA *Corresponding author: Rashi Gautam, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, Tel: (404) 639-1628; E-mail: IJS0@cdc.gov
IFN-α Enhances Peptide Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cell Numbers, Effector Function, and Antitumor Activity1

Type I IFNs, including IFN-α, enhance Ag presentation and promote the expansion, survival, and effector function of CD8+ CTL during viral infection. Because these are ideal characteristics for a vaccine adjuvant, we examined the efficacy and mechanism of exogenous IFN-α as an adjuvant for antimelanoma peptide vaccination. We studied the expansion of pmel-1 transgenic CD8+ T cells specific for the gp100 melanocyte differentiation Ag after vaccination of mice with gp10025–33 peptide in IFA. IFN-α synergized with peptide vaccination in a dose-dependent manner by boosting relative and absolute numbers of gp100-specific T cells that suppressed B16 melanoma growth. IFN-α dramatically increased the accumulation of gp100-specific, IFN-γ-secreting, CD8+ T cells in the tumor through reduced apoptosis and enhanced proliferation of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. IFN-α treatment also greatly increased the long-term maintenance of pmel-1 CD8+ T cells with an effector memory phenotype, a process that required expression of IFN-α receptor on the T cells and IL-15 in the host. These results demonstrate the efficacy of IFN-α as an adjuvant for peptide vaccination, give insight into its mechanism of action, and provide a rationale for clinical trials in which vaccination is combined with standard-of-care IFN-α therapy for melanoma.
Kooperationen zwischen etabliertem Mittelstand und Start-ups

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht anhand von Experteninterviews die Motive, Formen sowie Herausforderungen und Erfolgsfaktoren von Kooperationen zwischen etablierten Mittelstandlern und Start-ups. Wahrend sich Start-ups durch die Kooperation den Zugang zu einem grosen Netzwerk sowie branchenspezifisches Know-how erhoffen, motiviert Mittelstandler der Zugang zu neuen Technologien und hochqualifizierten Fachkraften. Die Wahl der konkreten Kooperationsform leitet sich aus den jeweiligen Zielen ab. Dabei unterscheiden sich Kooperationen hinsichtlich ihrer Intensitat sowie in ihrer juristischen Ausgestaltung. Damit beide Seiten erfolgreich zusammenkommen, sollte sich das Start-up bereits im Vorfeld mit den Bedurfnissen des potenziellen Kooperationspartners auseinandersetzen. Etablierte Mittelstandler sollten hingegen ihr stark ausgepragtes Sicherheitsdenken ablegen und eine innovationsfreundliche Kultur im Unternehmen etablieren. Insgesamt bietet die Zusammenarbeit fur beide Seiten ein groses Potenzial. Dabei profitiert das Start-up von einer effizienten Zusammenarbeit durch kurze Entscheidungswege in den inhabergefuhrten Unternehmen und der etablierte Mittelstand von einer hoheren Wettbewerbsfahigkeit durch die Innovationsimpulse der Start-ups.
New Modified RLE Algorithms to Compress Grayscale Images with Lossy and Lossless Compression

New modified RLE algorithms to compress grayscale images with lossy and lossless compression, depending on the probability of repetition of pixels in the image and the pixel values to reduce the size of the encoded data by sending bit 1 instead of the original value of the pixel if the pixel’s value is repeated. The proposed algorithms achieved good reduction of encoded size as compared with other compression method that used to compare with our method and decrease encoding time by good ratio.
Regulatory Interactions between the Reg1-Glc7 Protein Phosphatase and the Snf1 Protein Kinase

ABSTRACT Protein phosphatase 1, comprising the regulatory subunit Reg1 and the catalytic subunit Glc7, has a role in glucose repression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous studies showed that Reg1 regulates the Snf1 protein kinase in response to glucose. Here, we explore the functional relationships between Reg1, Glc7, and Snf1. We show that different sequences of Reg1 interact with Glc7 and Snf1. We use a mutant Reg1 altered in the Glc7-binding motif to demonstrate that Reg1 facilitates the return of the activated Snf1 kinase complex to the autoinhibited state by targeting Glc7 to the complex. Genetic evidence indicated that the catalytic activity of Snf1 negatively regulates its interaction with Reg1. We show that Reg1 is phosphorylated in response to glucose limitation and that this phosphorylation requires Snf1; moreover, Reg1 is dephosphorylated by Glc7 when glucose is added. Finally, we show that hexokinase PII (Hxk2) has a role in regulating the phosphorylation state of Reg1, which may account for the effect of Hxk2 on Snf1 function. These findings suggest that the phosphorylation of Reg1 by Snf1 is required for the release of Reg1-Glc7 from the kinase complex and also stimulates the activity of Glc7 in promoting closure of the complex.
IPF1, a homeodomain‐containing transactivator of the insulin gene.

We describe the cloning of insulin promoter factor 1 (IPF1), a homeodomain protein which in the adult mouse pancreas is selectively expressed in the beta‐cells and which binds to and transactivates the insulin promoter. In embryos, IPF1 expression is initiated prior to hormone gene expression and is restricted to the dorsal and ventral walls of the primitive foregut at the positions where pancreas will later form. The pattern of IPF1 expression and its ability to stimulate insulin gene transcription suggest that IPF1 functions both in the regionalization of the primitive gut endoderm and in the maturation of the pancreatic beta‐cell.
Genetic Framework for Flattened Leaf Blade Formation in Unifacial Leaves of Juncus prismatocarpus[C][W][OA]

Leaf blades of unifacial leaves, such as those of iris, have only the abaxial identity and become flattened by a mechanism different from that in bifacial leaves. This work shows that the unifacial leaf blade is abaxialized at the gene expression level and identifies the DROOPING LEAF gene ortholog as a candidate responsible for flattened leaf blade formation in unifacial leaves. Angiosperm leaves generally develop as bifacial structures with distinct adaxial and abaxial identities. However, several monocot species, such as iris and leek, develop unifacial leaves, in which leaf blades have only abaxial identity. In bifacial leaves, adaxial-abaxial polarity is required for leaf blade flattening, whereas many unifacial leaves become flattened despite their leaf blades being abaxialized. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of flattened leaf blades in unifacial leaves. We demonstrate that the unifacial leaf blade is abaxialized at the gene expression level and that an ortholog of the DROOPING LEAF (DL) gene may promote flattening of the unifacial leaf blade. In two closely related Juncus species, Juncus prismatocarpus, which has flattened unifacial leaves, and Juncus wallichianus, which has cylindrical unifacial leaves, DL expression levels and patterns correlate with the degree of laminar outgrowth. Genetic and expression studies using interspecific hybrids of the two species reveal that the DL locus from J. prismatocarpus flattens the unifacial leaf blade and expresses higher amounts of DL transcript than does that from J. wallichianus. We also show that leaf blade flattening is a trigger for central-marginal leaf polarity differentiation. We suggest that flattened unifacial leaf blades may have evolved via the recruitment of DL function, which plays a similar cellular but distinct phenotypic role in monocot bifacial leaves.
Étiquetage multilingue en parties du discours avec MElt (Multilingual part-of-speech tagging with MElt)[In French]

Nous présentons des travaux récents réalisés autour de MElt, système discriminant d’étiquetage en parties du discours. MElt met l’accent sur l’exploitation optimale d’informations lexicales externes pour améliorer les performances des étiqueteurs par rapport aux modèles entraînés seulement sur des corpus annotés. Nous avons entraîné MElt sur plus d’une quarantaine de jeux de données couvrant plus d’une trentaine de langues. Comparé au système état-de-l’art MarMoT, MElt obtient en moyenne des résultats légèrement moins bons en l’absence de lexique externe, mais meilleurs lorsque de telles ressources sont disponibles, produisant ainsi des étiqueteurs état-de-l’art pour plusieurs langues.
Contribution of the TP53, OGG1, CHRNA3, and HLA-DQA1 Genes to the Risk for Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Introduction: Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified polymorphisms in several genes associated with lung cancer risk. Nevertheless, functional polymorphisms in DNA repair and metabolic genes that had been reported as being associated with risk for lung cancer, particularly for lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQC), were not examined in those studies. Therefore, significance of these functional polymorphisms was evaluated in a population, in which polymorphisms in the GWAS genes showed associations with lung SQC risk. Methods: Polymorphisms in three DNA repair genes, TP53, MDM2, and OGG1, and two metabolic genes, CYP1A1 and GSTM1, were examined for associations with lung SQC risk in a hospital-based case-control study consisting of 377 cases and 325 controls, which had been previously subjected to association studies on GWAS genes, CHRNA3, TERT, and HLA-DQA1. Results: Genotypes for two DNA repair genes, TP53 and OGG1, showed significant associations with SQC risk (p < 0.05), and those for two GWAS genes, CHRNA3 and HLA-DQA1, showed significant associations with SQC risk (P < 0.05) with odds ratios between 1.65 (95% confidence interval = 1.06–2.57 for OGG1) and 2.57 (95% confidence interval = 1.03–6.87 for CHRNA3). Marginally significant associations were also observed for MDM2 and CYP1A1 genes. Interactions among these polymorphisms on SQC risk were not observed. Conclusions: Association of functional polymorphisms in DNA repair and metabolic genes with lung SQC risk was appreciated. This result indicates the necessity of reevaluation for the significance of functional polymorphisms in DNA repair and metabolic genes on lung cancer risk in other populations subjected to GWASs.
The Association Between Child and Youth Mental Health Service Urgency and Exposure to Childhood Interpersonal Trauma

Children/youth with a history of maltreatment experience a variety of different developmental, psychiatric and health problems and ensuring there is streamline access to services is imperative to their recovery. Yet, there are few reports of standardized methods for directing and prioritizing risk for children seeking services. The current study, utilizing retrospective data collected from the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health Screener (ChYMH-S), aimed to address this gap and explore the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental health screening outcomes. A sample of 4-18-year-olds (N= 19,645) was studied to explore how differences in maltreatment history, gender, and legal guardianship impacted service prioritization. The findings suggest children/youth who are exposed to some form of interpersonal trauma are more likely to have mental health issues requiring urgent follow-up service. Findings also reveal that gender and legal guardianship impact service urgency. Discussion investigates implications to policy and clinical practice, along with suggestions for future research.
Effect of Vitamin C , Folic acid and Iron Supplements on Oxidative Stress in Preeclamptic Women in Hilla City

Pre-eclampsia is a disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure and protienurea after the 20 week of gestation. Some supplements are used during pregnancy like vitamin C , folic acid and iron can effect on oxidative stress matter in preeclamptic women and may act as antioxidant . The aim is to demonstrate the effect of vitamin C , folic acid and iron supplements on the values of reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde (oxidative stress markers) in preeclamptic, non-anemic pregnant women. The results showed that vitamin C and folic acid reduce the oxidative stress but iron supplements elevate it. Also the results revealed that the larger dose and early starting of vitamin C reduced the oxidative stress more than lower dose and late starting of it but there is no significant differences when using different doses and different time of starting of folic acid , while the larger dose and early starting of iron supplements elevate the oxidative stress more than lower dose and late starting of it. It can be concluded that vitamin C and folic acid are beneficial but there is no need to use iron supplements in non anemic preeclamptic women.
Dopaminergic modulation of brain systems subserving decision making under uncertainty: A study with fMRI and methylphenidate challenge

There is evidence that the dopaminergic system is involved in probabilistic reinforcement learning and reward‐related decision‐making. However, little is known about the effects of external dopaminergic challenges on processing of uncertainty in decision‐making tasks. Therefore, the present study examined changes in fMRI activation patterns in a natural sampling paradigm. Decision making under uncertainty was examined before and after administration of a single dose of 40 mg methylphenidate as an acute dopaminergic pharmacological challenge. We found that the level of uncertainty was positively correlated with activations in the prefrontal cortex. Conversely, negative correlations with uncertainty were found in the left hippocampus, right amygdale, and right middle temporal gyrus. The drug intervention with methylphenidate revealed a differential picture. Uncertain information processing was associated with higher activation in the parietal association cortex and posterior cingulate cortex after placebo relative to methylphenidate. The methylphenidate challenge relative to placebo was associated with higher left and right parahippocampal as well as cerebellar activation under uncertainty. Apparently, the pro‐dopaminergic pharmacological influence induces a relative shift towards recruitment of hippocampal areas under uncertainty, whereas under placebo conditions, higher levels of parietal cortex activations are involved in the task. The findings suggest a role of dopamine in uncertainty processing and shed light on the pharmacological mechanisms of methylphenidate. Synapse 63:429–442, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A physiological role for cyanate-induced carbonic anhydrase in Escherichia coli

Cyanate induces expression of the cyn operon in Escherichia coli. The cyn operon includes the gene cynS, encoding cyanase, which catalyzes the reaction of cyanate with bicarbonate to give ammonia and carbon dioxide. A carbonic anhydrase activity was recently found to be encoded by the cynT gene, the first gene of the cyn operon; it was proposed that carbonic anhydrase prevents depletion of bicarbonate during cyanate decomposition due to loss of CO2 by diffusion out of the cell (M. B. Guilloton, J. J. Korte, A. F. Lamblin, J. A. Fuchs, and P. M. Anderson, J. Biol. Chem. 267:3731-3734, 1992). The function of the product of the third gene of this operon, cynX, is unknown. In the study reported here, the physiological roles of cynT and cynX were investigated by construction of chromosomal mutants in which each of the three genes was rendered inactive. The delta cynT chromosomal mutant expressed an active cyanase but no active carbonic anhydrase. In contrast to the wild-type strain, the growth of the delta cynT strain was inhibited by cyanate, and the mutant strain was unable to degrade cyanate and therefore could not use cyanate as the sole nitrogen source when grown at a partial CO2 pressures (pCO2) of 0.03% (air). At a high pCO2 (3%), however, the delta cynT strain behaved like the wild-type strain; it was significantly less sensitive to the toxic effects of cyanate and could degrade cyanate and use cyanate as the sole nitrogen source for growth. These results are consistent with the proposed function for carbonic anhydrase. The chromosomal mutant carrying cynS::kan expressed induced carbonic anhydrase activity but no active cyanase. The cynS::kan mutant was found to be much less sensitive to cyanate than the delta cynT mutant at a low pCO2, indicating that bicarbonate depletion due to the reaction of bicarbonate with cyanate catalyzed by cyanase is more deleterious to growth than direct inhibition by cyanate. Mutants carrying a nonfunctional cynX gene (cynX::kan and delta cynT cynX::kan) did not differ from the parental strains with respect to cyanate sensitivity, presence of carbonic anhydrase and cyanase, or degradation of cyanate by whole cells; the physiological role of the cynX product remains unknown.
Dual braille code translator: Basic education tool for visually impaired children

Literacy rates of visually impaired people in modern development country are being concerned nowadays. Early education for children with visual impairments is said to be one of the factors. Learning Braille is no longer a boring lesson to visually impaired children. This paper mediated a new pathway to interlink and translates inputs from keyboard into the most used Braille character automatically and enables normal visually people to have real time interaction with visually impaired person. This system also can be switches to Arabic Braille character to introduce them with Quran language. The output was able to represent each alphabet, number and Arabic letter of the Braille symbol by mechanically raising and lowering pins to create the tactile dots of Braille using solenoid. This method is a low cost, portable, and easy to operate. Experiments show that the method can effectively convert a keyboard as an input into Braille symbol.
Steiner tree optimization for buffers. Blockages and bays

Buffer insertion is essential for achieving timing closure. This work studies buffer insertion under two types of constraints: (i) avoiding blockages, and (ii) inserting buffers into pre-determined buffer bay regions. We propose a general Steiner tree routing problem to drive this application and present a maze-routing based heuristic. We show that this approach leads to useful solutions on industry designs.
Q-Learning-Based Operation Strategy for Community Battery Energy Storage System (CBESS) in Microgrid System

Energy management systems (EMSs) of microgrids (MGs) can be broadly categorized as centralized or decentralized EMSs. The centralized approach may not be suitable for a system having several entities that have their own operation objectives. On the other hand, the use of the decentralized approach leads to an increase in the operation cost due to local optimization. In this paper, both centralized and decentralized approaches are combined for managing the operation of a distributed system, which is comprised of an MG and a community battery storage system (CBESS). The MG is formed by grouping all entities having the same operation objective and is operated under a centralized controller, i.e., a microgrid EMS (MG-EMS). The CBESS is operated by using its local controller with different operation objectives. A Q-learning-based operation strategy is proposed for optimal operation of CBESS in both grid-connected and islanded modes. The objective of CBESS in the grid-connected mode is to maximize its profit while the objective of CBESS in islanded mode is to minimize the load shedding amount in the entire system by cooperating with the MG. A comparison between the Q-learning-based strategy and a conventional centralized-based strategy is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. In addition, an adjusted epsilon is also introduced for epsilon-greedy policy to reduce the learning time and improve the operation results.
Including voltage measurements in branch current state estimation for distribution systems

This paper considers the incorporation of voltage measurements in a branch-current-based state estimation (BCSE) program. Original BCSE is designed to include only power and current measurements. The motivation for enhancing BCSE is that with the adoption of large scale automated meter infrastructure (AMI) technologies, voltage measurements will be available at the distribution level. Hence, including these measurements has the potential to improve the accuracy of the state estimation. The paper elaborates the technical approach taken to accomplish this task, and the test results for assessment.