Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles in Laying Hen and Pullet Rations

A study was conducted to test the inclusion rates of corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in laying hen diets on egg production (EP) parameters for a full production cycle. Two hundred eighty-eight Bovan Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25% DDGS from 24 to 46 wk and 47 to 76 wk of age for Phase I and Phase II, respectively. The diets were formulated to be isocaloric at 2,775 kcal/kg and 2,816 kcal/kg ME, and isonitrogenous at 16.5 and 16.0% CP for Phases I & II, respectively. Nutrient retention of both N and P were determined by the indicator methods during Phase II. Diets were replicated with 8 pens/treatment and 6 hens/pen in an unbalanced randomized complete block design. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), EP and overall weight gain were similar among treatments during the study. Egg wt. was (P = 0.064) affected by DDGS treatment during Phase I. Hens fed 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25% DDGS had an average egg w/g of 60.6, 60.4, 60.8, 60.0, 59.0, and 59.0 respectively. But, no differences were detected in egg weight during Phase II. Yolk color increased with increasing DDGS level with the highest Roche score of 7.2 for hens fed 25% DDGS. Nitrogen and P retention was greater in hens fed 25% DDGS. Also, N and P excretion was decreased as levels of DDGS increased linearly. In summary, feeding DDGS up to 25% during EP cycles had no negative effects on feed intake, EP, haugh units, and specific gravity; and improved yolk color at the highest levels. However, increasing DDGS level beyond 37 15% caused a reduction in egg weight during Phase I of egg production; however, no differences were observed in egg weight during Phase II. Nitrogen and P excretion were lower at higher inclusion rate of DDGS. Hens fed 25% DDGS had the highest N retention.
The genomic response to song and the representation of complex sounds in the auditory system of zebra finches

The consolidation of long-lasting sensory memories requires the activation of gene expression programs. However, to fully understand the contribution of genomic events necessary for sensory learning, it is necessary to characterize the components involved in this response, their induction kinetics, and the possible functional interactions among individual components. Birdsong represents one of the best natural behaviors to study gene expression induced by auditory stimulation in awake, freely behaving animals. The present work addresses the properties and functional consequences of the genomic response to birdsong in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), with a specific focus on the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM), a cortical-like auditory area involved in song auditory processing and memorization. We found that song induces a wellorchestrated cascade of gene expression that includes early and late genes. Early genes are co-expressed by NCM neurons and their induction is regulated by the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. In addition, we also found that the induction of early genes is locally modulated by norepinephrine. We have also identified two late genes, syn2 and syn3, whose induction is repressed by early song-induced proteins genes in NCM. Functionally, we show that blockade of this response by α-adrenergic antagonists disrupts the long-term maintenance of long-lasting neuronal changes triggered by song. Finally, we show that the pattern of early song-induce gene expression in NCM is stimulus dependent. These patterns also indicate the existence of functional subdomains of more or less selectivity towards conspecific songs. Overall, these results help us understand the functional significance of the genomic response to song and the functional organization of sound representation in a higher order auditory area of the songbird brain.
Revisiting an integrated approach to bean leaf beetle and bean pod mottle virus management

This article originally appeared in the 2005 ICM newsletter. However, the significance of the bean leaf beetle and bean pod mottle virus has not diminished in recent years. There is still the potential of economic damage from either or both pests. We have recently completed a three-year study that examines the complex issues of managing these two pests, but the data are still being analyzed. We also have identified potential field tolerance to virus disease. Growers are encouraged to query seed dealers regarding tolerance of varieties to virus disease. Ultimately, this will likely be the best management tool for disease control. In the meantime, we give you our best recommendations as we understand the situation in Iowa.
Non-genetic factors and correlation studies in cattle

The data comprised of 3272 birth weight (BWT), 3091 weaning weight (WWT), 2112 yearling weight (YWT) and 1978 eighteen month weight (18-MO) pedigree records were collected from an experimental indigenous Tuli cattle herd maintained at Matopos Research Station, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, over the period 1988-1997 were used for this study. The mean BWT, WWT, YWT and 18-MO during the study period were from 28.14± 0.07 kg, 176.43± 0.07 kg, 176.58± 0.07 kg and 242.68 ± 0.07 kg with, respectively. It was found that sire, year of birth, sex of calf, age of dam had significant effect (p<0.01) effect on all growth trait. It was inferred that male calves were significantly heavier than female calves. The birth weight and weaning weight were found to be highest in seven and eight year groups, respectively, and the lowest in three-year group. The inconsistency of literature estimates indicates the importance of estimation of environmental factors that affect growth traits within specific experimental herds and environment. Correction of environmental effects is necessary to increase accuracy for selection of growth traits in indigenous Tuli cattle. In the development of any breeding plan knowledge of various properties of traits under consideration is required. Bivariate and multivariate analyses fitting an animal model, were conducted by means of (ASREML) procedures to obtain the genetic correlations. The fixed effects included in the model were sex, year of birth and age of dam. Heritability estimates for growth traits associated with the bivariate analyses were higher than those obtained using multivariate analyses. The phenotypic correlations between growth traits from both bivariate and multivariate analyses were positive and, were moderate to high. The genetic correlation between birth weight and weaning weight was positive and moderate. The genetic correlation between birth weight and post-weaning growth traits were moderate and positive, indicating that these traits are not under exactly the same genetic control. Selection for yearling weight may increase birth weight due to positive indirect selection response and high heritability (h2 a). Birth weight is a good indicator of post-weaning growth traits in this herd.
Central action of Insulin on the Modulation of Autonomic Balance to Control Hepatic Glucose of Wistar and SHR: Any Interaction Between Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus and Dorsal Vagal Complex?

Insulin is an important to control of glucose level, but little is known about its action on modulation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) to control of glicemia, especially in hypertension. Here, Wistar and SHR had ICV injection of insulin (100 nU/µL) and hepatic glucose (HG) decreased by 27% in Wistar, with no change (3%) in SHR. Pretreatment with atropine blocked the fall in the HG, while propranolol + phentolamine attenuated the decreasing (8%) in HG after insulin ICV in Wistar rats. An intracarotid infusion of insulin was able to increase the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve (SVN) activity in Wistar (12±2%) with no changes in the lumbar splanchnic sympathetic nerve (LSSN) activity (‐6±3%). No change was observed in SVN and LSSN (‐2±2% and 2±3%, respectively) in SHR. Wistar rats were subjected to injection of Fluorogold (FG) in the DMV, and 10 days after received insulin for analysis of FOS expression. An increase in the Fos labeled cells was found in the PVN of insulin treated rats compared to the control group (412±44 vs 132±53 cells/mm2). In the cases of the FG injection in the DMV, a number of FG + Fos double labeled cells were found in the PVN. In conclusion, icv insulin selectively activates parasympathetic pathways in Wistar, but not in SHR, and this effect may result from a refined integration between PVN and DMV neuronal circuitry coordinating the sympatho‐vagal balance for metabolic and cardiovascular adjustments. Financial support: FAPESP # 2013‐06206‐0; CNPQ.
Wood Anatomy of the Neotropical Sapotaceae. 9. Pseudoxythece

Abstract : Pseudoxythece ambelaniifolia (Sandwith) Aubreville is the sole representative of this genus established by Aubreville in 1972. Floristically and anatomically, its affinities are with Neoxythece (Oxythece). Whether it can be maintained as a distinct taxon remains to be determined. This paper on Pseudoxythece is the ninth in a series describing the anatomy of the secondary xylem of the neotropical Sapotaceae.
Enzymology of Bacterial Lysine Biosynthesis

Lysine is an essential amino acid in the mammalian diet, but can be synthesised de novo in bacteria, plants and some fungi (Dogovski et al., 2009; Hutton et al., 2007). In bacteria, the lysine biosynthesis pathway, also known as the diaminopimelate (DAP) pathway (Fig. 1), yields the important metabolites meso-2,6-diaminopimelate (meso-DAP) and lysine. Lysine is utilised for protein synthesis in bacteria and forms part of the peptidoglycan cross-link structure in the cell wall of most Gram-positive species; whilst meso-DAP is the peptidoglycan cross-linking moiety in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and also Gram-positive Bacillus species (Burgess et al., 2008; Mitsakos et al., 2008; Voss et al., 2010) (Fig. 1).
Går det att förutse psykoser under uppväxtåren

Årgång 177 Nr 1, 2017 Patienter med schizofreni har ofta haft kognitiva svårigheter, beteendeproblem eller emotionella symtom under uppväxten (1–3). Det finns även starka bevis för att moderns hälsotillstånd under graviditeten kan påverka risken för schizofreni hos barnet (4). Dessa iakttagelser har bidragit till antagandet att hjärnutvecklingen har rubbats redan innan schizofrenidiagnosen ställs (2, 3). I och med att tidiga interventioner minskar risken för psykos (5, 6) och flera faktorer som förutser psykoser redan har identifierats (2, 3) väcks frågan om vi kan förutsäga vem som kommer att insjukna i en psykossjukdom. Med denna information kunde tidiga preventiva interventioner planeras effektivt för att ytterligare utveckla behandlingen. Thomas Insel, den förre direktören för National Institute of Mental Health i USA, har träffsäkert karikerat mentalvården med sitt uttalande om att vi för hundra år sedan hade stora anstalter för mentalsjukdomar, tuberkulos och spetälska, men att endast mentalsjukdomar, och speciellt schizofreni, fortfarande har en likadan prevalens som förr (3). I den här artikeln presenterar jag en översikt över vad vi vet om eventuella orsaker, tidiga sjukdomstecken och prediktiva modeller för psykossjukdomar. Den är baserad på fynd från epidemiologiska studier samt kliniska uppföljningsstudier av högriskpatienter. Tidiga riskfaktorer för schizofreni och för övriga psykoser är i stort desamma och därför diskuterar jag psykoser ur ett bredare perspektiv, dock med fokus på schizofreni.
Inducting salt tolerance and its effect on growth and germination of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crop of worlds agricultural economy. It ranks third in production in the world being suppressed only by rice and wheat. It is proudly called as ‘Queen of Cereals’ and ‘King of Fodder’ and miracle crop. It is called as a moderately sensitive to salinity and considered as the most salt sensitive of the cereals. Hence, the evaluation of NaCl tolerance was considered of interest to determine the possibility of using these germplasms in corn tolerance improvement. The present work was conducted to determine whether salt tolerance could be induced in maize at germination stage. All seed samples were used for further experiments. At the end of work tolerant, moderately tolerant and sensitive genotype were found for salt stress.
Grassland management practices in Chinese steppes impact productivity, diversity and the relationship

Grasslands are crucial parts of the terrestrial ecosystem, with an extremely high differentiation of productivity and diversity across spatial scales and land use patterns. The practices employed to manage grassland, such as grazing, haymaking, fertilization or reseeding, can improve the grassland condition. This study focuses on the changes in productivity and diversity and the relationship between them as affected by management practices. Productivity and diversity have unequivocally been altered in response to different management practices. When grazing intensity of a typical steppe increased from 1.5 to 9 sheep per hectare, both productivity and diversity declined. Higher grazing intensity (6 to 9 sheep per hectare) accelerated loss of diversity because of lower productivity. Productivity was signi ﬁ cantly improved but diversity was lost by fertilizing. N fertilization also reduced the sensitivity of diversity to productivity. A similar response was found in mown grassland with increased productivity and diversity but their relationship was negatively affected. Mowing also slowed down the decline in diversity as productivity increased. Reseeding purple- ﬂ owered alfalfa led to an increased diversity, while yellow- ﬂ owered alfalfa increased productivity signi ﬁ cantly. The negative produc-tivity-diversity relationship was transformed to a positive one by reseeding alfalfa. These results enhance under-standing of how productivity, diversity and their relationships change in response to altered grassland management practices, and support an integrated approach for improv-ing both productivity and diversity.
Fat resistin and adiponectin mRNA expression is modulated by glucocorticoids in mice

It is known that obesity is associated with a state of chronic low-level inflammation. Some data indicate that obesityrelated stress could increase the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. This leads to a rise in the plasma glucocorticoid level, which induces the development and differentiation of preadipocytes. Thus, the present study was performed to examine the effect of glucocorticoids on the expression of resistin and adiponectin mRNAs in adipose tissue during acute and chronic inflammation in mice. The results of the study showed an increase in the expression of resistin mRNA and a decrease in the expression of adiponectin mRNA during chronic inflammation (obese animals). Synthetic glucocorticoids changed the expression of both adipokines in a different manner according to the state of inflammation. To sum up, the action of glucocorticoids in adipose tissue depends on the immune system activity.
Additional Mysidacea from shallow water on the Caribbean coast of Colombia

Abstract Mysids were collected on the coast of Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia, in May-July 1973 with a light detritus sledge, by diving and using a small hand net, or by washing corah etc. The following new species are described and figured: Amathimysis cherados, A. polita, Mysidopsis bispinulata, M. robusta, M. virgulala, Heteromysis elegans, and Heteromysis sp. A. A revised diagnosis of Amathimysis Brattegard, 1969 is given. Bowmaniella cf. dissimilis (Coifmann), and B. sewelli Brattegard, are recorded for the first time from the area. Supplementary information on ecology and biology is given for the following species: Siriella chierchiae Coifmann, Anchialina typica typica (Kroyer), Erythrops parva Brattegard, Amathimysis gibba Brattegard, Brasilomysis castroi Băcescu, Cubanomysis jimenezi Băcescu, Metamysidopsis swifti Băcescu, Mysidopsis ankeli Brattegard, M. cultrata Brattegard, M. cf. mortenseni W.M. Tattersall, M. taironana Brattegard, M. tortonesei Băcescu, M. velifera Brattegard, Promysis a.
Clustering and Clustering Potential in TR 32 Regions Province

With globalization, competition between countries, regions and industries has become more intense and complex. The concept of clustering, first expressed by Marshall in 1890 as industrial concentrations; is seen as a tool for ensuring national, regional and local competitiveness, innovation and development. Clustering, which began in the 1960s with the development of the regions where small firms with a tendency to cooperate technologically and strategically in Europe was concentrated in certain industrial regions, came up again in the 1990s with the diamond model which was included in the Porter's work called ‘International Competitive Advantage’. The aim of this study is to investigate the clustering potential areas in the TR 32 region and their effects on regional competitive advantage. For this purpose, three star analysis, which is generally carried out on employment numbers, was used to define the sectors. Results of the study shows the existence of areas with clustering potential and their competitive advantage both regionally and nationally in Aydin, Denizli and Mugla provinces.
Application of Lasers in Treatment of Periodontitis

Lasers are beneficial in debridement of calculus, removal of smear layer from root surface, and disinfection of root. Lasers have bactericidal action. Curettage of pocket epithelium can also be done with lasers. Lasers can be used for soft tissue procedures. However use of lasers is in infancy. Further studies are needed to validate use of lasers either alone or in combination to conventional treatment of periodontitis.
Interconnexion du métabolisme cellulaire et de la voie de glucuronidation

v Table des matières . vii Liste des tableaux . xi Liste des figures . xii Liste des abréviations . xiii Remerciements . xvii Avant-propos . xix Introduction . 1 Chapitre 1 . 2 1. Métabolisme cellulaire . 2 1.1. Glycolyse aérobie ou « effet Warburg » . 3 1.2. Activité mitochondriale et glutaminolyse . 5 1.3. Acides aminés . 9 1.4. Synthèse des nucléotides . 11 1.5. Lipides et lipogenèse . 12 1.6. Voies métaboliques impliquées dans le contrôle de l’homéostasie de molécules endogènes et la défense de l’organisme envers les xénobiotiques . 14 1.6. 1. Les cytochromes P450 . 14 1.6. 2. Les voies de conjugaison . 14 2. La voie de glucuronidation médiée par les enzymes UDP-glucuronosyltransférases . 16 2.1. Régulation de l’expression et de l’activité des UGT . 19 2.1.1. Variabilité de la voie de glucuronidation et impact clinique . 23 2.1.2. Nouveaux évènements d’épissage et interactions protéine-protéine . 26 3. Hypothèses de recherche et objectifs . 28 4. Méthodologie et importance des articles dans la démarche scientifique . 30
Rice genetic resources in postwar Sierra Leone

This research presents the effect of the 10-year long civil war in Sierra Leone on rice genetic resources, using farmers and their seed systems in three selected districts as reference points. The war disrupted all forms of production and development in the country and like other sectors of the economy, agricultural production and the conservation of plant genetic resources at the farm level was severely affected. It emerged that farmers’ effectiveness to cultivate and manage their seed systems and the options to grow rice under insecure conditions were disrupted at different levels in the three districts studied. However, the general consequence of the war in all of the districts was that farmers lost considerable amounts of their seed stocks. Total losses for some rice varieties was averted because of the occurrence of a number of varieties in more than one village in the same region, which was a result of farmers seed exchange systems, and also due to farmer movement during the war. The majority of the varieties that were reported lost were actually “dispersed” in the regions, indicating good options for post-war recovery. There was little evidence that the genetic composition of rice varieties were significantly altered as a consequence of the war, except for the total loss of upland varieties in one of the districts. The varieties that had the highest survival were those that had wider pre-war distribution, showed plasticity in growing habits wherein they demonstrated the potential to grow in both agro-ecosystems and in the different districts, and the fact that they existed in many different forms. Statistical analysis showed a clear distinction between upland and lowland varieties, which demonstrated the effectiveness of farmer selection with regard to the two production ecosystems. This was different for the periods defined as pre-war and post-war. Pre-war varieties were less well defined in this respect. Further to this, there was evidence of a change in rice genetic resources between the pre-war and post-war situations, which was demonstrated in the number of varieties for each of the two ecosystems. Despite these changes, and the losses in seed stocks as a consequence of the war, genetic diversity increased in post-war rice varieties. AFLP results indicated that rice varieties in Sierra Leone possess different levels of intra-variety variation, which makes it difficult to identify homogenous genotypes at the seed unit level. This was attributed to genetic exchanges caused by farmers’ practices of growing different varieties in mixtures. The variation however does not alter the profile of inter-variety genetic differences, which remains large enough to distinguish one variety from the other. It demonstrates that the genetic composition of rice varieties remains distinct from one another, and that variety names in Sierra Leone are good indicators for genetic diversity of rice at the farm level.
Restauration des ressources cognitives par l'exposition à la nature

Plusieurs études montrent que le stress vécu par les travailleurs et les étudiants est de plus en plus présent au point de devenir une préoccupation de santé publique. Cette problématique serait notamment causée par l’augmentation des demandes sur le système cognitif (p. ex., lorsque plus de tâches doivent être effectuées en moins de temps). Comme les ressources cognitives sont limitées, il semble primordial d’identifier des façons de les restaurer et ainsi d’éviter qu’elles s’épuisent. L’exposition à la nature est reconnue pour améliorer l’humeur, les symptômes d’anxiété et la performance à plusieurs tâches attentionnelles. Cette recension des écrits a donc pour objectif de présenter comment la nature peut exercer une influence positive sur le système cognitif pour encourager son intégration dans les milieux de travail ou scolaires afin de diminuer le stress vécu par les travailleurs et étudiants. La façon dont la nature peut entraîner un impact positif sur l’attention et les principales théories qui expliquent ce phénomène sont d’abord présentées. Une nouvelle vision des processus qui sous-tendent cet impact est brièvement soulevée. Enfin, les méthodes d’exposition réelles et artificielles sont présentées et comparées en fonction de leur capacité à optimiser les bénéfices sur le système cognitif dans les milieux de travail. Note 03/01/2021 : L'article a été retiré et une nouvelle version est accessible dans la Revue québécoise de psychologie. Marois, A. (2020). Restauration cognitive par la nature : vers une intégration dans les milieux professionnels et scolaires. Revue québécoise de psychologie, 41(3), 1-22. Lien pour accéder à la nouvelle version : https://oraprdnt.uqtr. uquebec.ca/pls/public/rqpw001. afficher_revue? owa_bottin=&owa_contexte=%241935-50&owa_membre_par_adresse_IP=N&owa_annee=2020&owa_volume=41&owa_recherche=&owa_tri=&