Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Sub-1 V, 120 nW, PVT-Variation Tolerant, Tunable, and Scalable Voltage Reference With 60-dB PSNA

This paper presents a novel low-power process, voltage and temperature (PVT)-variation tolerant voltage reference generator that can be easily redesigned across various CMOS technologies. The proposed circuit architecture can be used in standalone analog integrated circuits that may not require nano-scale technologies as well as system-on-a-chip applications that need analog circuits in a much lower technology node due to their dominant digital counterparts. The reference generator implements weighted averaging of a PTAT (proportional to absolute temperature) and a CTAT (complementary to absolute temperature) voltage at zero temperature coefficient (ZTC) point. PVT-variation tolerant behavior is achieved by using an on-chip shift register based switching circuit that adjusts the bias current of a key transistor in the circuit. The proposed reference generator is fabricated in 180 nm mixed-mode CMOS technology and also designed in 65 and 28 nm technologies using foundry provided models. For a temperature range from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathbf 0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to 75 °C at 1.8 V supply, the measured tuned output voltage varies by only <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\pm 0.33}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% across <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathbf 17}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> chips, which is significantly lower than all previously reported works.
Chiral recognition of dipeptide methyl esters by an anionic beta-cyclodextrin.

Chiral recognition of dipeptide methyl esters by anionic heptakis[6-carboxymethylthio-6-deoxy]-beta-cyclodextrin (per-CO(2)(-)-beta-CD) was studied in D(2)O at pD 7.0 by means of (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The methyl esters of alanylalanine (Ala-Ala-OMe), alanylleucine (Ala-Leu-OMe), alanyltryptophan (Ala-Trp-OMe), glycyltryptophan (Gly-Trp-OMe), valyltryptophan (Val-Trp-OMe), leucyltryptophan (Leu-Trp-OMe), and tryptophylalanine (Trp-Ala-OMe) were used as the dipeptides. The binding constant (K) determined from NMR titration increases in the order Ala-Ala-OMe < Ala-Leu-OMe < Ala-Trp-OMe, suggesting that van der Waals interactions between the host and the guest participate in complexation. Coulomb interactions between the protonated dipeptide methyl esters and the anionic host seem to be another attractive force. Per-CO(2)(-)-beta-CD interacts with the (R,R)-enantiomers of the dipeptide methyl esters more strongly than the (S,S)-enantiomers. Such enantioselectivity corresponds to that for alpha-amino acid methyl esters such as Leu-OMe and Trp-OMe, whose (R)-enantiomers are the preferable guests. The enantioselectivity is mainly dominated by amino acid residue at the C-terminal and chirality at the N-terminal residue plays an assistant role. An asymmetrically twisted shape of the host cavity may be essential for chiral recognition.
Genetic Engineering Of Plants Agricultural Research Opportunities And Policy Concerns

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Circular Economy: Theoretical Benchmark or Perpetual Motion Machine?

“Two guiding questions to ask when assessing EOL options for waste materials or products are: How much energy is required to restore the recovered material back to the desired material or product? , and, How does this quantity compare with obtaining the desired material or product from virgin or primary sources? ” operating “without the aid of any power other than that generated by the machine itself and which machine, when once started, will operate for an indefinite time” (The Inventor’s Department 1911, 443)—a machine that goes round and around indefinitely without any input of energy. The Office viewed such applications as “ . opposed to well-known physical laws . ”. Today, the dream of perpetual motion and unlimited free energy lives on, but the physical laws governing motion have, thus far, refused to yield. Perpetual motion remains a utopian ideal—a theoretical benchmark against which to pursue and measure progress, but an ideal nonetheless. It is tempting to indulge the idea of an entirely circular economy (CE) as a practically achievable reality. A CE future is one in which waste no longer exists, one where material loops are closed, and where products are recycled indefinitely— an economy that perpetually gyrates without any input of depletable resources. For real materials and processes, this is, in any practical sense, impossible. Every loop around the circle creates dissipation and entropy, attributed to losses in quantity (physical material losses, by-products) and quality (mixing, downgrading). New materials and energy must be injected into any circular material loop, to overcome these dissipative losses. If circularity is an ideal state, then to maintain credibility we should avoid giving any impression of full attainability. In other domains, we adopt the prefix “theoretical” to make this clear. Thus, the theoretical efficiency limit for an energy device is understood to be unachievable in practice. Given the impos-
Restrictive right ventricular performance assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance after balloon valvuloplasty of critical pulmonary valve stenosis

Abstract Background Little data are published about right ventricular diastolic performance in patients with critical pulmonary valve stenosis after balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty thus far. Methods A total of 44 patients with isolated critical pulmonary valve stenosis who had undergone balloon valvuloplasty with haemodynamic recordings were enrolled to the study; 33 patients who came for follow-up underwent further imaging by echocardiography after 6 months and their right ventricular functional parameters were compared with 33 control patients of the same age and sex. Out of 33 patients, 21 underwent cardiac MRI with late gadolinium enhancement to assess the presence of right ventricular fibrosis. Results The right ventricular systolic pressure (p<0.0001) and right ventricular outflow tract gradient (p<0.0001) decreased acutely (p<0.0001) after balloon valvuloplasty. During follow-up, M-mode left ventricular end diastolic dimension (p<0.001) and end systolic dimension increased (p<0.001), whereas right ventricular end diastolic dimension decreased (p<0.001). Compared with controls, patients (n=33) had significantly reduced tricuspid annular Ea and higher E/Ea (p<0.001). Right ventricular systolic dysfunction was also suggested by reduced tricuspid annular systolic velocity (p<0.001). Late gadolinium enhancement was demonstrated in 13 out of 21 patients with restrictive physiology, which involves the anterior right ventricular outflow tract, anterior wall, and inferior wall. The right ventricular late gadolinium enhancement score correlated positively with age (r=0.7, p<0.001) and right ventricular mass index (r=0.52, p<0.001). Conclusion The persistence of right ventricular diastolic dysfunction after relief of chronic pressure overload of critical pulmonary valve stenosis suggests that a factor – other than increase in afterload – is involved in this physiology. Fibrosis is the most likely factor responsible for persistence of restrictive physiology as documented by late gadolinium enhancement.
Hydroosmotic response of collecting tubules to ADH or cAMP at reduced peritubular sodium.

Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ activity have been implicated in the hydroosmotic response to vasopressin (VP) in amphibian urinary bladder; the level of cytosolic free Ca2+ may be regulated, in part, by a process of Na-Ca exchange across the basolateral cell membrane. To assess whether similar mechanisms operate in the mammalian nephron, the effect of low peritubular [NA] on the hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of the isolated perfused rabbit collecting tubule (CT) exposed to either 20 microunits/ml VP or 5 X 10(-5) M 8-[p-chlorophenylthio]-cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (ClPheS-cAMP) was studied. Low peritubular [Na] had no effect on the basal water permeability of the CT. After exposure to VP, CTs bathed in 145 mM Na Ringer solution developed an Lp of 324 +/- 27 X 10(-7) cm.s-1.atm-1, while tubules bathed in 4 mM Na and 141 mM tetramethylammonium Ringer solution achieved an Lp of only 112 +/- 13 X 10(-7) cm.s-1.atm-1 (P less than 0.001). Inhibition of the VP response was estimated to be half-maximal when peritubular Na was 120 mM. The hydroosmotic response to ClPheS-cAMP was diminished by 44% of the control values when CTs were bathed in a 4 mM Na medium; this inhibition was greatly attenuated when the peritubular Ca concentration was reduced to 0.05 mM. These results are consistent with the view that 1) a Na-Ca exchange process operates at the basolateral surface of the mammalian cortical collecting tubule cells, and 2) elevated cytosolic Ca ion activity inhibits the increase in water permeability elicited by VP or cAMP in this nephron segment.
Rearrangement of the bcl-6 gene as a prognostic marker in diffuse large-cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND About 40 percent of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are diffuse lymphomas with a large-cell component (DLLC). Current therapy can induce a long-term remission in half the patients with DLLC, but more intensive treatment has the potential to improve outcome, particularly in patients at high risk for treatment failure. Clinical and cytogenetic markers can identify subgroups at high or low risk. Rearrangement of a novel candidate proto-oncogene, bcl-6, is a possible prognostic indicator in DLLC. METHODS We performed Southern blot hybridization to detect bcl-6 and bcl-2 gene rearrangement in samples of lymphoma from 102 patients with B-cell DLLC. The results were correlated with the patients' histologic features, age, disease stage, tumor sites and bulk of disease, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, and treatment outcome. RESULTS Rearranged bcl-6 was found in 23 cases, and rearranged bcl-2 in 21 cases. Nineteen of the patients with rearranged bcl-6 had extranodal DLLC, two had primary splenic lymphomas, and only one had bone marrow involvement. Thirty-six months after diagnosis, the proportion with freedom from progression of disease was projected to be 82 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 66 to 98 percent) among the patients with rearranged bcl-6, as compared with 56 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 43 to 70 percent) for the patients with germ-line bcl-6 and bcl-2 and 31 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 8 to 53 percent) for the patients with rearranged bcl-2. The status of the bcl-6 gene was an independent prognostic marker of survival and freedom from disease progression in a multivariate model and added predictive value to established prognostic signs. CONCLUSIONS Rearrangement of the bcl-6 gene correlated with a favorable clinical outcome in DLLC and may thus serve as a prognostic marker in patients with this form of malignant lymphoma.
A Welcome Revolution in Innovation

Abstract This review considers a major new book on von Hippel’s concept of user innovation. Von Hippel’s work has led to a welcome revolution in the economics of innovation. When producers are the innovators, there is an important difference in the interests of innovators and users. This can lead to dysfunctional innovation, especially in mature markets that are monopolised. In contrast, when users innovate, there are no such problems, as the innovator and the user are the same. User innovation can help enhance the power of innovation in wealth creation, and this edited collection helps to establish user innovation as a fully fledged field of the economics of innovation.
Dynamic vocabulary prediction for isolated-word dictation on embedded devices

Large-vocabulary speech recognition systems have mainly been developed for fast processors and large amounts of memory that are available on desktop computers and network servers. Much progress has been made towards running these systems on portable devices. Challenges still exist, however, when developing highly efficient algorithms for real-time speech recognition on resource-limited embedded platforms. In this paper, a dynamic vocabulary prediction approach is proposed to decrease the memory footprint of the speech recognizer decoder by keeping the decoder vocabulary small. This leads to reduced acoustic confusion as well as achieving very efficient use of computational resources. Experiments on an isolated-word SMS dictation task have shown that 40% of the vocabulary prediction errors can be eliminated compared to the baseline system.
Identification of driver mutations in tumor specimens from 1,000 patients with lung adenocarcinoma: The NCI's Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium (LCMC).

CRA7506 Background: The ability to detect driver mutations like EGFR and EML4-ALK in tumor specimens from patients with lung cancer and administer agents targeting those molecular lesions has revolutionized the management of adenocarcinoma of the lung. The availability of multiplexed assays to detect mutations permits the identification of multiple driver mutations from tumors at diagnosis. The number of molecular lesions and new agents to target them continues to grow. To exploit this, we created the LCMC to determine 10 driver mutations in tumors from 1,000 patients and to give the results to clinicians for care and entry onto targeted therapeutic trials based on these findings. METHODS The 14 member LCMC is prospectively enrolling patients to test tumors from patients with lung adenocarcinoma in CLIA laboratories for KRAS, EGFR, HER2, BRAF, PIK3CA, AKT1, MEK1, and NRAS using standard multiplexed assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for ALK rearrangements and MET amplifications. All are stage IIIB/IV, PS 0-2, have available tissue, and signed consent. RESULTS 830 patients have been registered with 50 enrolling monthly. We detected a driver mutation in 60% (252/422, 95% CI 55 to 65%) of tumors thus far. Mutations found: KRAS 107 (25%, 95% CI 21 to 30%), EGFR 98 (23%, 95% CI 19 to 27%), ALK rearrangements 14 (6%, 95% CI 4 to11%), BRAF 12 (3%, 95% CI 1 to 5%), PIK3CA 11 (3%, 95% CI 1 to 5%), MET amplifications 4 (2%, 95% CI 0.5 to 5%), HER2 3, (1%, 95% CI 0.1 to 2%), MEK1 2 (0.4%, 95% CI 0.1 to 2%), NRAS 1 (0.2%, 95% CI 0.01 to 1%), AKT1 0 (0%, 95% CI 0 to 1%). 95% of molecular lesions were mutually exclusive. CONCLUSIONS We detected an actionable driver mutation in 60% of tumors from prospectively studied patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Results of EGFR mutation testing are given to treating physicians to select erlotinib as initial treatment per NCCN and ASCO guidelines. Patients with other driver mutations are offered participation in LCMC-linked trials of agents targeting the mutation identified, e.g. crizotinib with EML4-ALK. At half of LCMC sites, multiplexed testing for all mutations is now routine practice in their pathology departments. Supported by 1RC2CA148394-01.
LONG TERM GROWTH IN JUVENILE ACQUIRED HYPOTHYROIDISM

Long term growth was assessed in 17 girls (F) and 6 boys (M) presenting with hypothyroidism at ages 11.4±2.6 (m±SD) and 10.2±4.7 yrs. Bone ages (F 6.2±3 and M 6.1±2.7 yrs, GreulichPyle) and growth pattern suggested duration of hypothyroidism >3 yrs. Pre-illness heights were 0.27±. 12(7F) and 0.39±. 15 (4M) SD scores (SDS) above average. At diagnosis height SDS had fallen to −4.04±. 5 (F) and −4.15±. 5 (M) (height ages 7 and 7.1 yrs) but predicted heights (Bailey-Pinneau) were normal (F 155±7.5 and M 177 ± 7.7 cm). Serum T4 was 1.1 ± 0.3 ug/dl and TSH 570±255 mIU/ml at diagnosis. On T4 therapy (3.4±.3 ug/kg/day) serum T4 averaged 9.6±2.5 ug/dl and TSH 2.9±3.9 mIU/ml. Concomitant with onset or progression of puberty during the first 18 mos of therapy change in skeletal maturation (ΔBA) exceeded that of height age (ΔHA) resulting in loss of predicted mature height;ΔBA/ΔHA ratio 1.73±3.5 (F) and 2.1±. 46 (M). This loss was proportional to duration of hypothyroidism. Adult height SDS were lower than pre-illness SDS (7F=−2.62±.16 and 4 M=−1.9±.19) and mature heights were also lower than predicted height at diagnosis. Adult females stood 149±5 cm (HA 11.6 yrs) and males 168±5.1 cm (HA 14.7yrs). Conclusion: Prolonged juvenile hypothyroidism results in permanent height deficit. This loss is proportional to duration of illness and is not due to excessive T4 therapy. The data tempt speculation that delay of puberty might ameliorate the height deficit.
The Wave Glider: A persistent platform for ocean science

The Wave Glider is an unmanned maritime vehicle (UMV) unique in its ability to harness ocean wave energy for platform propulsion. This paper provides an overview of the Wave Glider vehicle's design and capabilities, and presents results from the engineering sea trials conducted with several prototype and the current production generations of the vehicle. The vehicle's performance in a variety of ocean conditions is described. The vehicle's robustness and capabilities for extended mission durations are also examined. Scientific applications of the Wave Glider are presented through discussion of preliminary results and planned programs. Finally, we discuss several payload packages that have been or are currently being developed for the vehicle.
Vertical integration models to prepare health systems for capitation

Health systems will profit most under capitation if their vertical integration strategy provides operational stability, a strong primary care physician base, efficient delivery of medical services, and geographic access to physicians. Staff- and equity-based systems best meet these characteristics for success because they have one governance structure and a defined mission statement. Moreover, physician bonds are strong because these systems maximize physicians' income potential and control the revenue stream.
T cells from baxalpha transgenic mice show accelerated apoptosis in response to stimuli but do not show restored DNA damage‐induced cell death in the absence of p53.

Baxalpha was isolated due to its interaction with Bcl‐2. Baxalpha overexpression in an interleukin (IL)‐3 dependent cell line accelerates apoptosis upon removal of the cytokine. The ratio of Baxalpha to Bcl‐2 appears to be crucial for the effect. To study the action of the bax gene product in vivo, we have generated transgenic mice overexpressing Baxalpha specifically in T cells. Such T cells show accelerated apoptosis in response to gamma‐radiation, dexamethasone and etoposide. By crossing baxalpha mice with bcl‐2 transgenics we show that the critical nature of the Baxalpha:Bcl‐2 ratio holds in primary T cells and that it can be manipulated to elicit a strong response to previously resisted stimuli. p53 has a role in the regulation of apoptosis in response to DNA‐damaging agents. p53 directly activates transcription of the bax gene. The presence of the baxalpha transgene accelerated apoptosis in thymocytes from both p53‐l‐ and p53+l‐ mice in response to dexamethasone. Thymocytes from p53‐l‐ mice with the baxalpha transgene showed similar resistance to apoptosis by DNA‐damaging agents as did p53‐l‐ mice without the transgene. Baxalpha overexpression alone cannot restore the DNA damage apoptosis pathway, suggesting that p53 is required to induce or activate other factor(s) to reconstitute the response fully.
Reducing Employee Turnover Intention Through Servant Leadership in the Restaurant Context: A Mediation Study of Affective Organizational Commitment

ABSTRACT Building on a social exchange theory, our model explains how an employee’s perception of servant leadership affect frontline restaurant employees’ turnover intention. Data were collected from 213 frontline restaurant employees in United States. The structural equation modeling findings support our hypothesized model and indicate that affective organizational commitment fully mediated the relationship between the employee perception of servant leadership and turnover intention. This article includes discussions of the theoretical and managerial implications of the findings.
dDP Is Needed for Normal Cell Proliferation

ABSTRACT To gain insight into the essential functions of E2F, we have examined the phenotypes caused by complete inactivation of E2F and DP family members in Drosophila. Our results show that dDP requires dE2F1 and dE2F2 for DNA-binding activity in vitro and in vivo. In tissue culture cells and in mutant animals, the levels of dE2F and dDP proteins are strongly interdependent. In the absence of dDP, the levels of dE2F1 and dE2F2 decline dramatically, and vice versa. Accordingly, the cell cycle and transcriptional phenotypes caused by targeting dDP mimic the effects of targeting both dE2F1 and dE2F2 and are indistinguishable from the effects of inactivating all three proteins. Although trans-heterozygous dDP mutant animals develop to late pupal stages, the analysis of somatic mutant clones shows that dDP mutant cells are at a severe proliferative disadvantage when compared directly with wild-type neighbors. Strikingly, the timing of S-phase entry or exit is not delayed in dDP mutant clones, nor is the accumulation of cyclin A or cyclin B. However, the maximal level of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation is reduced in dDP mutant clones, and RNA interference experiments show that dDP-depleted cells are prone to stall in S phase. In addition, dDP mutant clones contain reduced numbers of mitotic cells, indicating that dDP mutant cells have a defect in G2/M-phase progression. Thus, dDP is not essential for developmental control of the G1-to-S transition, but it is required for normal cell proliferation, for optimal DNA synthesis, and for efficient G2/M progression.
Enhancing metallicity in zigzag graphene nanoribbons with adsorbed/substitutionally doped copper atoms

Width dependent properties of Cu doped zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNR) have been examined with density functional theory. We considered Cu as an adsorbed atom as well as a substitutional dopant (SD) at edge and the centre of ZGNR. It is revealed that adsorption and SD affect the stability of the ribbons in a different manner. Adsorption is energetically favorable whereas SD results in stronger binding of Cu atom with ZGNR. Edge is found as the preferred site for both types of Cu doping. The electronic property of ZGNR is effectively modified by the presence of Cu atoms and enhanced metallicity is observed in nanoribbons with substitutional Cu impurity. The observed high metallicity of Cu doped ZGNR is crucial particularly for the nanoelectronic interconnects.