Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The CYP 1 A 2 Genotype Modifies the Association Between Coffee Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk Among BRCA 1 Mutation Carriers

We have recently reported that, among BRCA1 mutation carriers, the consumption of caffeinated coffee was associated with a significant reduction in breast cancer risk. Because the metabolism of caffeine is primarily by CYP1A2, we examined whether or not the CYP1A2 genotype modifies the association between a history of coffee consumption and the risk of breast cancer. A common A to C polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene is associated with decreased enzyme inducibility and impaired caffeine metabolism. Information regarding coffee consumption habits and the CYP1A2 genotype was available for 411 BRCA1 mutation carriers (170 cases and 241 controls). We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for breast cancer associated with the CYP1A2 genotype and a history of coffee consumption before age 35, adjusting for potential confounders. The CYP1A2 genotype did not affect breast cancer risk. Among women with at least one variant C allele (AC or CC), those who consumed coffee had a 64% reduction in breast cancer risk, compared with women who never consumed coffee (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18-0.73). A significant protective effect of coffee consumption was not observed among women with the CYP1A2 AA genotype (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.49-1.77). Similar results were obtained when the analysis was restricted to caffeinated coffee. This study suggests that caffeine protects against breast cancer in women with a BRCA1 mutation and illustrates the importance of integrating individual genetic variability when assessing diet-disease associations. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):912–6)
Co-administration of ritonavir and primaquine decreases plasma concentration of primaquine: single- and multiple-dose study in the rats.

AIM to explore the effects of ritonavir and primaquine combination given as a single-dose or multiple-dose compared to ritonavir alone on ritonavir plasma concentration in the rats. METHODS in single-dose study, 30 male Spraque Dawley rats were randomly allocated to receive primaquine 12.5 mg/kgBW or primaquine 12.5 mg/kgBW + ritonavir 10 mg/kgBW or primaquine 12.5 mg/kgBW + ketokonazole 10 mg/kgBW. Ketokonazole was used as positive control for inhibitor of primaquine metabolism. In the multiple-dose study, thirty Spraque Dawley male rats were randomly allocated to receive primaquine 12.5 mg/kgBW/day or primaquine 12.5 mg/kgBW/day + ritonavir 10 mg/kgBW/day or primaquine 12.5 mg/kgBW/day + rifampicin 100 mg/kgBW/day. Rifampicin was used as a positive control for inducer of primaquine metabolism. RESULTS in the single-dose study, ketokonazole increases the area under the plasma concentration (AUC) of primaquine (h45.8%, p<0.000), while the ritonavir decreases the AUC of primaquine (i64.6%, p<0.000). Multiple-dose study shows that both rifampicin and ritonavir decreases the AUC of primaquine by 60.2% (p<0.000) and 67.7% (p<0.000), respectively. CONCLUSION concomitant administration of primaquine and ritonavir decreases the AUC of ritonavir. This effect could result in the insufficient concentration of primaquine as anti-relapse therapy in malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax, which might lead to treatment failure with primaquine.
Survey for positive Limulus amoebocyte lysate test in plasma from humans and common research animals

A survey for positive Limulus amoebocyte lysate tests was conducted on apparently healthy humans, mongrel dogs, rats, mice, rabbits, and squirrel monkeys. Only mongrel dog (45.8%) and human (32.8%) plasma samples gave positive tests. In dogs, a significant correlation between positive Limulus amoebocyte lysate tests and the presence of intestinal parasites was found. Positives found in human plasma samples were thought to be due to the presence of background levels of endotoxin or some possible mimicker substance found in the plasma after chloroform extraction. It was concluded that there was a need to distinguish between these positive Limulus tests and those which represent significant endotoxemia.
Evaluating the efficiency of Immunohistochemical Methods in Diagnosis of Endometrial Status in Women with Uterine Infertility

N.A. Arutyunyan, MD, PhD, Obstetrician-Gynecologist1; V.M. Zuev, MD, DSc, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No.12; A.I. Ischenko, MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No.12; D.V. Bryunin, MD, DSc, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No.12; I.D. Khokhlova, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No.12; T.A. Dzhibladze, MD, DSc, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No.12
Red Cell 2,3‐Diphosphoglycerate and Adenosine Triphosphate in Patients with Shock *

Summary. 2,3‐Diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were studied in 12 patients with shock. Observations in the first 6 hr revealed a mean value of 2,3‐DPG higher than normal with a range above and below the normal limits. After this period the mean value was lower. In the presence of metabolic acidosis, the values were low. In two patients, the improvement in clinical state was associated with a rise in the level of these compounds. The mean value for ATP was slightly higher than normal in the first 6 hr and remained the same later; there was no correlation with 2,3‐DPG or with pH. Our data failed to reveal any definite relation between shock and 2,3‐DPG levels in the red cells. The metabolite varied independently of ATP and did not correlate with red cell age. There was a significant correlation of the levels of 2,3‐DPG with the hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood.
Chapter 2 Communication Among Phages , Bacteria , and Soil Environments

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect members of domain Bacteria, contrasting the viruses of domains Archaea or Eukarya. Ecology is the interaction of organisms with environments, and those interactions, broadly speaking, may be depicted as forms of communication – the movement of information between or among entities, or at least the presentation of potentially detectable signals. Reception of these signals can result in organism modification, including in terms of their behavior. Alternatively, signals can impact the survival and reproduction of genes, giving rise to natural selection, a consequence of environment-to-organism communication. Organism modification, in turn, can create detectable signals that may be received by the originally emanating entity, resulting, for instance, in environmental feedback loops. For example, the presence of lactose provides a signal that can result in alteration of gene expression by Escherichia coli, as in Jacob and Monod’s classic operon model. This change can be viewed as an environment-induced reconfiguration of the bacterium’s “behavior,” one that results in lactose being used as a carbon and energy source. With this use the environment’s lactose signal may become modified, and E. coli in response might again revise its behavior. “Communication,” though, does not strictly require such direct, two-way aspects. Within body tissues, communication occurs as a consequence of the expression of genes that are genetically linked and which therefore are less free to evolve toward antagonistic (fitness-reducing) interactions. Contrast microbiomes, communities of microorganisms found within specific environments such as soils. There, genes are much less likely to be genetically linked so have much greater potentials
Hepatitis C virus.

Preview Research on the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is currently very active, and a continuous stream of advances is coming forth. In this article, the authors present some recent developments in epidemiology and diagnosis, examine the relationship of HCV infection to other medical disorders, and discuss the effectiveness of current drug therapy.
EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES ON AN INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM INVOLVING MULTI-CLASS DATAUSING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Intrusion detection has been the major necessities of the current information rich computing environment. Major challenges facing intrusion detection systems include the huge size of data to be analyzed and the ever-changing attack types. This paper presents an intrusion detection system that can effectively operate on dynamic and multi-class data. Artificial Neural Networks, being the most prominent data-mining technique is used as the base classifier. Propagation training in ANN plays a vital role in determining the efficiency of the classification process. This approach analyzes three propagation techniques to identify the best training mechanism that can be used to classify multiclass data with highest accuracy.
Envelope-constrained H∞ filter design: An LMI optimization approach

In this correspondence, we solve the envelope-constrained H/sub /spl infin// filter design problem by minimizing the H/sub /spl infin// norm of the filtering error transfer function subject to the constraint that the filter output is contained in a prescribed envelope. The filter design is transformed into a standard linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization problem.
Estudio de los mecanismos que regulan la expresión y función del ligando de muerte TRAIL en células T normales y leucémicas

En esta tesis se estudia los factores de transcripcion que intervienen en la regulacion de la expresion de Trail, asi como se analizaron los efectos de distintos agentes empleados en terapias combinadas con el ligado de muerte, para establecer su capacidad de aplicacion en clinica.
El Sistema de Costos y Gestión Basado en las Actividades y el Cambio Organizacional: Una Perspectiva Institucional

El sistema de costes y gestion basado en las actividades (ABC/ABM) es una herramienta de gestion que en las ultimas dos decadas pasadas ha recibido bastante atencion, tanto desde el punto de vista academico y profesional, como de investigacion. Los estudios han aportado una serie de variables o factores como determinantes internos para que las organizaciones deban asumir su adopcion y correspondiente puesta en practica, pero han sido insuficientes y poco concluyentes. Sin embargo, se ha comenzado por considerar que las herramientas que surgen de la Contabilidad de Gestion se desarrollan en un entorno historico, social y organizativo, y donde su adopcion y por ende el cambio organizativo que implica su puesta en practica puede estar condicionado por campos organizacionales tales como: El Estado, las universidades, los academicos, los consultores, las asociaciones de empresarios y profesionales, los clientes, los proveedores y las empresas del mismo sector, entre otras. En consecuencia, el trabajo de investigacion pretende explorar como un campo organizativo donde se encuentra inmersa una organizacion puede inducir mediante un proceso de institucionalizacion a la adopcion de una herramienta de gestion como el sistema ABC/ABM, asi como tambien examinar las causas como una fuente motivadora de cambio social para alcanzar las transformaciones organizativas.
Effect of central infusion of benzamil on Dahl S rat hypertension.

The effect of continuous central infusion of benzamil, a Na+ channel-selective amiloride analogue, on the salt-induced hypertension in inbred Dahl salt-sensitive (SS/jr) rats was assessed. The continuous intracerebroventricular or subcutaneous infusion of benzamil at doses which have no effect when infused systemically was started at the same time or 2 wk after saline was substituted for drinking water, when the rats' blood pressures had become significantly elevated. Within 13 days, drinking saline caused a similar and significant increase in the blood pressures of rats receiving the vehicle intracerebroventricularly and 1 microgram/h of benzamil subcutaneously, which persisted throughout the 4-wk experiment. The intracerebroventricular infusion of 1 or 0.3 microgram/h benzamil, started at the same time the salt challenge was instituted, significantly deterred the increase in blood pressure over 4 wk. The intracerebroventricular, but not the subcutaneous, infusion of benzamil at 0.5 microgram/h arrested the increase in blood pressure in rats that were already hypertensive after 12 days on saline. Within 3 days the pressures in the intracerebroventricular and subcutaneous benzamil groups became significantly different, due to the further increase of the blood pressure in those animals receiving the intracerebroventricular vehicle with subcutaneous benzamil. There was no significant difference in weight gain throughout the experiment or in 24-h urine volumes and urinary Na(+)-to-K+ ratio at days 5 and 12 of benzamil infusion between groups. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The pattern of lung disease associated with alpha antitrypsin deficiency.

Seven patients with a severe deficiency of α 1 -antitrypsin have been studied. These patients represented three families; four were female and three were male. Although two were asymptomatic, they all demonstrated obstructive pulmonary disease, low carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, hypoxia, and elevated alveolo-arterial PO 2 gradients. Hypercapnia was present in one patient. Chest films and lung scans demonstrated decreased vascularity in the lower lung fields. These findings are consistent with panacinar emphysema, and no evidence of bullous emphysema was found. The onset of symptoms at an early age, equal sex incidence, and the above features characterize the syndrome of familial α 1 -antitrypsin deficiency and chronic lung disease.
Re-orientando la evaluación desde la herramienta portafolio: la evaluación socioconstructivista al servicio del aprendizaje profesional.

A lo largo de los ultimos diez anos, llevamos a cabo una experiencia de innovacion en evaluacion de competencias a traves del portafolio. La innovacion se inicia con los estudiantes de la licenciatura en Psicopedagogia para, posteriormente, ampliarse a otras titulaciones relacionados con la formacion del profesorado. El presupuesto de partida es el sentido de la evaluacion como herramienta de aprendizaje de los futuros profesionales de la educacion, orientadores y maestros. El articulo se estructura en tres partes: La primera parte esta dedicada a la narracion del proceso de innovacion. Se exponen los referentes teorico-metodologicos de partida (evaluacion autentica y socioconstructivismo). Se detallan, en particular, las cuatro competencias complejas que se desarrollan en el estudiante (pensamiento complejo, comportamiento dialogico, estrategias de afrontamiento y autodeterminacion). La segunda parte se centra en el analisis del portafolio como dispositivo de evaluacion que favorece el aprendizaje profesional, asi como el potencial de cambio en la transicion del portafolio convencional al portafolio digital. Concluye el articulo con una tercera parte de discusion de los resultados mas relevantes respecto a como y que pueden aprender los futuros profesionales de la practica evaluativa a traves del portafolio de evaluacion. En sintesis, los resultados senalan como la evaluacion de competencias complejas a traves del portafolio ha supuesto una mejora tanto en los resultados academicos, como –y sobre todo– en el desarrollo competencial de los estudiantes. En particular, esta mejora repercute en una mayor vinculacion entre los procesos de ensenanza-aprendizaje en la formacion del estudiante y su futuro desarrollo profesional.
A proposed parallel software testing paradigm

The author presents a testing paradigm for parallel software based upon the technique of validating the software directly according to its behavior. It is believed that this paradigm will provide reproducible information about the validity of parallel software in an efficient manner. It provides for controlled execution of the software in order to determine the software's ability to produce correct outputs in a wide variety of situations. It also provides for passive observation and validation to determine the software's reliability in its operational environment. <<ETX>>
Retrograde Amnesia

Recently, the field of animal memory research has seen a resurgence of interest in the mechanisms underlying retrograde amnesia (RA) and in the use of RA as a technique for studying memory processes. A recent report from a major neuroscience lab, which demonstrated RA for an old reactivated memory, revitalized the debate regarding the widely accepted memory-consolidation theory of RA. Here, we discuss a number of the characteristics of RA and consider the findings that led to the development of the memory-consolidation hypothesis, as well as those suggesting an alternative retrieval-deficit explanation.
A sub-Nyquist sampling signal processing sonar receiver

Sub-Nyquist bandpass sampling offers an attractive approach to reducing the complexity of multi-channel sonar receivers also reducing costly duplication of analogue hardware. Digital frequency down-conversion following high-rate sampling is an established method for economic multiple-channel receiver design. This paper describes an architecture, design procedure and prototype multi-channel receiver where direct sub-Nyquist sampling replaces the separate digital down-conversion stage. The prototype design discussed combines multiplexing of multiple channels to fewer sub-Nyquist samplers to achieve second-order quadrature bandpass sampling while maintaining a simple uniform overall sample rate. Design equations for the sampling-rate reduction enabling the decrease in complexity are included. In more traditional jargon, the prototype implements uniform quadrature second-order integer-positioned bandpass sampling combined with a multiplexer to provide multiple channels.
HERSCHEL HIFI OBSERVATIONS OF O2 TOWARD ORION: SPECIAL CONDITIONS FOR SHOCK ENHANCED EMISSION

We report observations of molecular oxygen (O2) rotational transitions at 487 GHz, 774 GHz, and 1121 GHz toward Orion Peak A. The O2 lines at 487 GHz and 774 GHz are detected at velocities of 10–12 km s−1 with line widths ∼3 km s−1; however, the transition at 1121 GHz is not detected. The observed line characteristics, combined with the results of earlier observations, suggest that the region responsible for the O2 emission is ≃9″ (6 × 1016 cm) in size, and is located close to the H2 Peak 1 position (where vibrationally excited H2 emission peaks), and not at Peak A, 23″ away. The peak O2 column density is ≃1.1 × 1018 cm−2. The line velocity is close to that of the 621 GHz water maser emission found in this portion of the Orion Molecular Cloud, and having a shock with velocity vector lying nearly in the plane of the sky is consistent with producing maximum maser gain along the line of sight. The enhanced O2 abundance compared to that generally found in dense interstellar clouds can be explained by passage of a low-velocity C shock through a clump with preshock density 2 × 104 cm−3, if a reasonable flux of UV radiation is present. The postshock O2 can explain the emission from the source if its line-of-sight dimension is ≃10 times larger than its size on the plane of the sky. The special geometry and conditions required may explain why O2 emission has not been detected in the cores of other massive star-forming molecular clouds.
Management of the patient with occupational lung disease.

Most chest physicians now bear in mind the possibility that occupation may be responsible for lung disease, and the SWORD project, now in its fourth year, is regularly reminding participating doctors of the variety of occupations that may lead to such diseases. ' It is probably true to say that British chest physicians are as aware of occupational causes of disease as are dermatologists. To those who are interested in the causes and prevention of disease this is encouraging, as only when the cause is known may one effectively address the problem of prevention. Chest physicians are also familiar-from contact tracing in tuberculosis-with the concept of case finding and prevention of disease in others being triggered by seeing a patient, and this procedure is an efficient routine in most units. We do not, however, have such a good record with respect to occupational lung disease, and it remains commonplace to encounter patients with such diseases whose sole advice has been to change their job and in whom the diagnosis has led to no further investigation. We can do better than this. The habits and training of physicians lead us, properly, to give primary consideration to the welfare and, if possible , the cure of our patients. In the case of occupational disease, however, we have a wider responsibility since the environmental cause of the patient's disease is potentially putting other people at risk; the use of what was a hazardous substance has resulted in a quantifiable risk to the workforce. Although this is well illustrated by substances that cause occupational asthma, it should not be forgotten that the diagnosis of inhalation accidents-another common cause of occupational lung disease in Britain-and even of pneumoconiosis may reflect current and continuing risk to the workforce. Chest physicians presented with patients with occupational disease may thus have three matters to consider: (1) how to treat the condition; (2) how to help the patient return to gainful employment; and (3) how to prevent others getting the same disease. In general most doctors feel comfortable only with the first of these, since the second and third require a visit to the less familiar world of the occupational physician. Legal background The responsibility for preventing occupational disease resides with the employer and the owner of the worksite, and both are liable under the criminal law if their negligence leads to disease or injury.2 The Health and Safety at …
Beyond Men Behaving Badly: A Meta-Ethnography of Men’s Perspectives on Psychological Distress and Help Seeking

Men’s hesitancy to seek help for psychological distress is demonstrated in the quantitative literature. Men’s perspectives and experiences need to be better understood to inform policy and practice. A meta-ethnography was conducted of 51 qualitative studies on men’s perspectives on psychological distress and help seeking. Findings indicate most participants’ conceptualizations of psychological distress are sociallybased and many have difficulty with the term “depression. ” Men’s accounts show notions of masculinity negatively impacts mental health and acts as a barrier to help seeking. Challenging the common characterization of men, men reveal the impact of interpersonal factors on mental health. Gender is revealed as a determinant of health that interacts with economic security, ethnicity and sexuality. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.