Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responses of Antioxidant Enzyme System to Copper Toxicity and Copper Detoxification in the Leaves of Elsholtzia splendens

ABSTRACT Solution culture experiments were conducted to study physiological responses to copper (Cu) toxicity and Cu detoxification involved in the antioxidant enzyme system in the leaves of Elsholtzia splendens (E. splendens). Compared with the control, 500 μM Cu considerably reduced oxidizing force and Apase activity in roots, as well as net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate in leaves, but greatly stimulated lipid peroxidation and proline accumulation. In contrast, 50 μM Cu elevated oxidizing force and Apase activity in roots, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate in leaves, and elevated proline content but decreased lipid peroxidation in the plant compared to with the control. Furthermore, at 500 μM Cu, heavily damaged organelles were found in the leaf cell of E. splendens, while at 50 μM Cu organelles were not markedly affected. These results indicate that greater oxidative stresses were induced at 500 μM Cu than at 50 μM Cu. Plants responded to Cu-induced oxidative stresses by modulating antioxidant enzymes and substrates. Compared with the control, the activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the leaves of the plant increased pronouncedly at 500 μM Cu, while at 50 μM Cu, GPX activity decreased notably and the activities of APX, SOD, and CAT changed only slightly. Copper also altered glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione reductase (GR) activity. At 50 μM Cu, both GSH content and GR activity in the leaves of the plant increased dramatically; however, at 500 μM Cu, GR activity increased but GSH content changed only slightly compared with the control. These results suggest that some adaptive physiology responses to Cu toxicity and the antioxidant enzyme system are involved in Cu detoxification in leaves of E. splendens, but at 500 μM Cu the limited activities of the antioxidant enzyme system in leaves of E. splendens make it difficult to counteract the greater oxidation stresses in vivo.
Applications of Satellite Remote Sensing to Marine Pollution Studies

Abstract There are two approaches in the application of satellite sensors to marine pollution studies. Satellite sensors are used to observe and characterize ocean pollutants such as industrial wastes and oil. in addition, satellite observations provide information useful in illuminating processes such as eutrophi-cation or air-sea exchange of CO2, that are important in determining the distribution and fate of pollutants. Satellite technology is an important tool in monitoring and studying ocean pollution. Visible sensors have been used to observe and characterize sewage sludge and industrial wastes dumped at sea. Oil slicks have been observed with Landsat, AVHRR and SAR imagery. Besides directly detecting pollutants, satellite sensors are useful for analyzing ocean processes that are influential in the fate of pollutants. These processes include eutrophication of coastal waters and the distribution of suspended matter. the fate of excess CO2 can be addressed using scatterometer-derived estimates of wind .
Polar regions in the paraelectric phase in a PbZr0.992Ti0.008O3 single crystal

Abstract Anomalous behaviour of e and tan δ in the paraelectric phase was found for PbZr0.992Ti0. 008O3 single crystal. In the vicinity of temperatures 280–290°C (T c = 236°C) the pyroelectric effect was also observed. Using the data obtained, the existence of an additional polarization (polar regions oriented in an external electric field) in the paraelectric phase is discussed.
USING MOBILE AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGIES IN ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION

Abstract Effective applied research is based on close collaboration between research and industry. The teaching and learning methods used for decades in Architectural learning process should be reviewed taking into account habits of learning and the existing challenges provided by contemporary information technologies for a new generation of students. This paper introduces a pilot study based on using Augmented Reality (AR) as a new tool in architectural learning process. AR is an emerging technology which enables participants to interact with digital information embedded within the physical environment. Egyptian educational architectural institutions today are largely unaware of new concepts such as Augmented Reality opportunities for architectural practice, and the prototypes that are being developed by researchers worldwide. The paper goal is to present how it is very helpful to use such new advanced technology in architectural learning process. Testing its possibilities for graphical and spatial capabilities and recognition improvements for the first year architectural students in the Building Construction course, at the Department of Architecture, Menoufia University, Egypt. The case study was applied at the first semester of the academic year of 2015-2016.
Dissolution of Transition Metals in Combinatorially Sputtered Pt1 − x − y M x M y ′ ( M , M ′ = Co , Ni , Mn , Fe ) PEMFC Electrocatalysts

The stability of Pt-based or other metallic alloys under the corrosive working conditions of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is an important factor to consider in the search for improved PEM electrocatalysts. The dissolution of transition metals (Co, Ni, Mn, Fe) from Pt 1-x-y M x M' y electrocatalysts after operation in PEM hydrogen fuel cells or after treatment in 1 M H 2 SO 4 at 80°C is reported. Catalyst libraries were prepared by combinational sputtering on nanostructured thin-film supports that were used directly in fuel cells and for acid testing. In each library the Pt mass loading was kept fixed at 0.1 mg cm -2 while the amounts of M and M' varied with position. The transition metal content of all compositions of all libraries, determined by electron microprobe, was significantly reduced in the same way after fuel cell or acid testing. Samples with x + y ≥ 0.25 before fuel cell or acid testing were found with x + y ≈ 0.25 after exposure due to the dissolution of transition metals, independent of the choice of M and M' for the elements studied here. We suggest that the composition Pt 1-x-y M x M' y with x + y ≈ 0.25 is near the percolation limit for diffusion of transition metals from the interior of the alloy. The acid treatment described here mimics fuel cell testing from a corrosion standpoint and hence can be used as a simpler, ex situ test for PEM electrocatalysts.
Mechanism of the Electrochemical Reduction of Persulfates and Hydrogen Peroxide

Electrochemical studies have shown that the reduction of persulfate and hydrogen peroxide is a two step mechanism, the first step occurs by electron transfer with the conduction band and the second step by hole injection with the valence band. It could be concluded from corresponding measurements performed with a semiconductor electrode that the electrochemical properties of these oxidizing agents have to be described by two instead of one redox (normal) potential. One normal potential is much lower and the other much larger than the theoretical value determined from thermodynamic data. These values are estimated as and .
Snythesis and characterization of TiO2 nanostars

In this work, TiO2 nanostars, which have TiO2 nanoparticles in their core and have branches on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticle, were synthesized. Hence, firstly TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method. After that, the nanoparticles were characterized by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), elemental analysis. Thus, it was determined that the size of TiO2 nanoparticles was 6 nm, their particle shape was spherical and the crystalline form of TiO2 was anatase. Moreover, the carbon percentage on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles was determined to be 8,38 %. Afterwards, so as to synthesize nanostars, TiO2 nanoparticles were modified with five silanes with different molecular weights, with three carboxylic acids with different molecular weights, with one beta-ketoester and also with 10 urea molecules with different molecular weights (the urea molecules were synthesized in this work) and also, poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was grafted onto TiO2 nanoparticles according to "the combination of both grafting methods'; method. After that, the silane-modified, carboxylic acid-modified, beta-ketoester-modified and urea-modified TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by GC/MS, elemental analysis, FT-IR, EDX and the PMMA-grafted TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR and TGA/DSC. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Herstellung oberflachenfunktionalisierter TiO2-Nanopartikel. Zunachst erfolgte dabei die Synthese der TiO2-Nanopartikel durch Hydrothermalbehandlung. Nach der Synthese wurden Partikelgrose, -morphologie und -zusammensetzung mittels Photonen-Korrelations-Spektroskopie (PCS), Transmissions-Elektronen-Mikroskopie (TEM),Energiedispersive Rontgenspektroskopie (EDRS or EDX) und Elementaranalyse bestimmt. Zur Phasenanalyse wurden Rontgendiffraktogramme angefertigt. Die Teilchen liegen als reine Anatasphase vor, und weisen eine spharische Morphologie, bei einer durchschnittlichen Grose von 6 nm. auf Der Kohlenstoffgehalt der TiO2-Partikel liegt bei 8,38 %. Nachfolgend wurde die Partikeloberflache zur Herstellung von core-shell Strukturen mit einer Reihe verschiedener Oberflachenmodifikatoren unterschiedlichen Molekulargewichts (Silane, Carbonsauren, Beta-Ketoester, Harnstoffverbindungen) versehen. Die verwendeten Harnstoffverbindungen wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit selber synthetisiert. Alternativ wurde die Oberflache entsprechend der "the combination of both grafting methods'; Methode mit PMMA funktionalisiert. Schlieslich wurden die Silan-, Carboxylsaure-, Beta-Ketoester- und Harnstoff modifizierten TiO2- Nanopartikel mittels GC/MS,Elementaranalyse, FT-IR und EDX charakterisiert. Die mit PMMA funktionalisierten Partikel wurden mittels FT-IR, TGA/DSC und EDX untersucht.
Effect of Genotype, Environment and Malting on the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Indian Barley

Seventy-two Indian barley varieties were screened for their antioxidant activity for 2 years using two antiradical systems. Differences in the levels of antioxidant activity in 2 years were obtained, but the genotypic differences still remained and a 2-fold variability was observed in the antioxidant activity. Year-to-year differences were also obtained when the selected varieties were analyzed for their free and bound phenolic contents. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity and phenolic content in the five varieties grown at six different locations revealed that the antioxidant activity and the free phenolics were more influenced by the genotype, whereas the bound and the total phenolics were most influenced by the environment. After malting, no significant changes were observed in the antioxidant activity; however, a 2-fold increase was observed in the total phenolic content, which was mainly due to the increase in the level of free phenolics after malting. Practical Applications Barley varieties with higher antioxidant activity and phenolic content can be beneficial both as food and also in brewing. This is the first time that almost all the released varieties from India have been analyzed for their antioxidant potential. In India, around 20% of the barley produced is used for malt production. Therefore, the effect of malting on the antioxidant activity and the free and bound phenolic components in 12 malting barley varieties was also studied. This study could help in identifying barley varieties with higher antioxidant activity for food purposes and the barley varieties with high phenolics for the brewing purposes. Identification of such lines can help the breeding program in developing food and malt barley varieties with improved levels of antioxidants, which can provide better health and industrial benefits.
ROLE OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-β IN THE GROWTH INHIBITION OF CULTURED RAT MESANGIAL CELLS IN HIGH GLUCOSE MEDIA

The prenent study was designed to test the hypothesis that the inhibitory effect of elevated glucose levels on mesangial cell growth might be mediated by transforming growth factor β (TGF β). Increased glucose levels inhibited mesangial cell proliferation in a concentration dependent manner. The addition of a rabbit antipncine TGF β1 neutralizing antibody significantly enchanced the cell proliferation in both normal (5.5mM) and high (50mM) glucose media (12% and 30% respectively), and almost completely blocked the growth inhibition induced by high glucose media. TGF β assay demonstrated mesangial cells produced more active than latent TGF β after growth in high glucose media. We conclude that TGF β functions as an autocrine cytokine in mesangial cells growth and the production of TGF β is modulated by high glucose concentration. The growth inhibition induced by high glucose levels may be largely mediated by endogenous TGF β.
Effects of Heavy Hydrogen and Oxygen on the Triple‐Point Temperature of Water

The temperature of the triple point of water is dependent on the isotopic composition of the water. The depletion of heavy isotopes arising from the use of fresh water rather than seawater, and from distillation and degassing of the water during manufacture of the cells, leads to cells realizing temperatures up to 80 μK lower than the definition. Five cells of varying isotopic composition were compared to evaluate the practicality of applying corrections for isotopic composition. It was found that the correction constants for deuterium and 18O measured previously by Kiyosawa were consistent with the measurements of the cells. Both of the correction constants are larger than predicted by interpolation between the triple‐point temperatures of the pure isotopomers. Application of the corrections for isotopic composition eliminates a significant bias in the triple‐point temperature and reduces the uncertainty in the triple‐point temperature due to isotopic composition from ±40 μK to better than ±3 μK.
Recent advances in the association between chemokine CXC subgroup and disease development

Chemokine is a small molecule protein that can induce leukocytes to migrate to the lesion site. Chemokines are divided into four subgroups, one of which is the CXC subgroup. CXC subgroup is closely related to the progression of cancer, diabetes, diabetes-related diseases and hepatitis. By detecting the expression levels of different CXC subgroup members in different diseases, we can understand the disease-related mechanisms and provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of diseases. At the same time, it can also monitor the therapeutic effect, and may be used as a new marker for judging the prognosis of the disease.
Sustainable Wellbeing Futures

Ecosystem services (ES) have been a part of the ecological economics (EE) toolkit for decades. Over that time, however, ES has grown into a field of its own, and some Ecological Economists have criticized it for diverging from several core tenets of EE. Here we highlight five frontier areas of ES research and practice that can reverse that trend. Each of these areas has seen important recent ES research that builds toward stronger alignment with EE. These areas of emphasis are: measure ES broadly, not just monetarily; focus on stocks in addition to flows; better consider distributional impacts; incorporate non-Western perspectives on the benefits from ecosystems; and account for social dynamics, particularly learning. For each of these research areas, we describe its overall importance and potential for alignment, and we highlight the growing body of recent research. We then suggest further research questions related to each idea. We hope that distilling this list can contribute to meaningful advancements in both fields and stronger synergies between them. INTRODUCTION Research in ecosystem services and ecological economics has developed in tandem in many ways. Ecosystem services grew in the 1970s from systems ecology (Westman, 1977), then simmered in the 1980s (e.g., Ehrlich and Mooney, 1983). Researchers published influential work
ELECTROLUMINESCENCE AND CARRIER TRANSPORT OF SIO2 FILM CONTAINING DIFFERENT DENSITY OF GE NANOCRYSTALS

Luminescent SiO2 films containing Ge nanocrystals (nc-Ge) are synthesized by implanting Ge ions into SiO2 films thermally grown on crystalline silicon, and the nc-Ge density was controlled by Ge+ implantation doses. The current–voltage measurements of their metal–oxide–semiconductor structures illustrate that the density and the distribution of nc-Ge have significant effects on their electroluminescence and carrier transport. The temperature-dependent current behavior is weaker in the films with low density, but stronger in the films with high density. Electroluminescent spectra indicate that high electric field can be established only in the films with low density.
Solution and Liquid Crystalline Properties of Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate/Water Mixtures

The project contributes to the general theme of complex chemical systems andstrengthens ties with Innospec, a multi-national chemical company. Sodium lauroylmethyl isethionate (SLMI. Trade name ? Iselux? ) is a newly developed surfactantwith attractive product properties for personal care applications. Little is knownabout the fundamental surface and solution properties of SLMI, and it is notcurrently possible to use information on available surfactants to predict phasebehaviour. We characterise the solution and liquid crystalline phase behaviour ofthe SLMI/water system using a combination of optical microscopy, x-ray scatteringand differential scanning calorimetry techniques.SLMI is synthesised using a batch process that leads to variable componentconcentrations. Preliminary studies conducted by Innospec indicate that thepresence of particular process components has a significant influence on SLMIformulation rheological properties. We investigate the effects of synthesis-derivedcomponents on the rheological properties of the SLMI/sodium {(3-(dodecanoylamino)propyl)(dimethyl)ammonio)}acetate/water system using rheology and lightscattering (static and dynamic) techniques.SLMI is often formulated into personal care products on mixing aqueousformulation components. Micelle growth occurs via a mechanistic process that isnot understood and the equilibrium viscosity is attained at a time after mixing thatranges from seconds to weeks. Developing an improved understanding of themicelle growth mechanism is of both academic and industrial value. We utilisestatic light scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to probe a rangeof samples in the viscoelastic region of the SLMI/(carboxymethyl)hexadecyldimethylammonium hydroxide/water system. Experimental findings improve ourcurrent understanding of micelle growth process and provide a platform for futureresearch on non-equilibrium mixing kinetics.In the final section we investigate salt-induced cloud point and precipitationphenomena in the SLMI/salt/water system. The cloud point is commonly observedin surfactant and protein systems by increasing the solution temperature above acritical value, resulting in phase separation of solute-rich and solute-depletedlayers. Cloud point induced phase separation may also be prompted by addition ofsalt. The mechanistic process driving electrolyte-induced cloud point phenomenais not understood. We use a combination of turbidimetry measurements and lightscattering (static and dynamic) techniques to measure cloud point curves andcharacterise micellar behaviour prior to clouding.
New Insights Into the Biology of Protein O-GlcNAcylation: Approaches and Observations

O-GlcNAcylation is a protein posttranslational modification that results in the addition of O-GlcNAc to Ser/Thr residues. Since its discovery in the 1980s, it has been shown to play an important role in a broad range of cellular functions by modifying nuclear, cytosolic, and mitochondrial proteins. The addition of O-GlcNAc is catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and its removal is catalyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation change in response to nutrient availability and metabolic, oxidative, and proteotoxic stress. OGT and OGA levels, activity, and target engagement are also regulated. Together, this results in adaptive and, on occasions, detrimental responses that affect cellular function and survival, which impact a broad range of pathologies and aging. Over the past several decades, approaches and tools to aid the investigation of the regulation and consequences of protein O-GlcNAcylation have been developed and enhanced. This review is divided into two sections: 1) We will first focus on current standard and advanced technical approaches for assessing enzymatic activities of OGT and OGT, assessing the global and specific protein O-GlcNAcylation and 2) we will summarize in vivo findings of functional consequences of changing protein O-GlcNAcylation, using genetic and pharmacological approaches.
On Molecular Graphs with Valencies 1, 2 and 4 with Prescribed Numbers of Bonds

In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of molecular graph(s) with the prescribed sequence m 1 1 , m 1 2 , m 1 4 , m 2 2 , m 2 4 , m 4 4 , where m i j denotes the number of edges (bonds) connecting vertices (atoms) of degree i with vertices of degree j. The main result expressed as Theorem 1 covers the great variety of molecules with valencies 1, 2 and 4.
Preparation of graphene from Taixi anthracite and its photocatalyst performance for CO2 conversion

As a two-dimensional, single-layer sheet material, graphene attracts considerable attention and research interest because of its exceptional properties. In this work, coal-based graphene was synthesized with anthracite as a raw material by catalytic graphitization, chemical oxidation, and dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Coal-based graphene decorated with highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles on its surface (Pt/coal-based graphene) was successfully fabricated by the H2 dielectric barrier discharge plasma–assisted deoxygenation of a homogeneous dispersion of graphene oxide and chloroplatinic acid under ultrasonic conditions. Coal-based graphene and Pt/coal-based graphene were then used as catalysts in a CO2 reduction process. The graphitization degree of coal-based carbon remarkably affected the preparation of coal-based graphene. Pt/coal-based graphene exhibited good catalytic properties in the CO2 photocatalytic reduction process.