Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive significance of amylase polymorphism in Drosophila . XII. density‐ and frequency‐dependent selection at the Amy locus in Drosophila subobscura reared on media with different carbohydrate composition

Egg-to-adult viability is studied in the progeny of the flies of different genotypes according to S and F alleles of Amy locus of Drsophila subobscura . This component of fitness is observed in the single and mixed cultures with various frequencies of three genotypes (S/S, F/F and S/F) under conditions of low (LD) and high densities (HD) on three types of media with different carbohydrate composition. In such multifactorial experimental conditions, density- and frequency-dependent selection on certain Amy genotypes was observed. Genotype frequencies and carbohydrate composition have significant effect on the viability of Amy genotypes. The significant intergenotypic differences exist, mostly at HD conditions. The heterozygous genotype S/F has generally lower viability which decreases with its increased frequencies, on all media at LD or HD. The results suggest a high level of complexity and interaction between these two types of balanced selection. Zusammenfassung In der Nachkommenschaft von Fliegen verschiedenen Genotyps fur die S- und F-Allele des Amy Locus wird die Uberlebensrate vom Ei bis zur Imago untersucht. Diese Fitness-Komponente wird in Experimenten mit nur einem oder mit gemischten Genotypen bei verschiedenen Frequenzen der drei moglichen Genotypen (S/S, F/F, und S/F), unter den Bedingungen niedriger oder hohe Dichte und in Nahrmedien verschiedener Kohlenhydratzusammensetzung ermittelt. Unter den multifaktoriellen Experimentalbedingungen kann dichte- und frequenzabhangige Selektion fur bestimmte Genotypen des AMY-Locus beobachtet werden. Die Genotypenfrequenzen und die Kohlenhydratzusammensetzung haben einen signifikanten Effekt auf die Viabilitat der AMY-Genotypen. Es treten auch signifikante intergenotypische Unterschiede auf, besonders bei den hohen Dichten. Die Heterozygoten S/F-Genotypen haben im allgemeinen eine niedrigere Viabilitat, die mit deren zunehmender Frequenz unter allen Bedingungen, d.h. in allen Medien und bei niedrigen und hohen Dichten, abnimmt. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf einen hohen Grad von Komplexitat und auch auf eine Wechselwirkung zwischen den beiden Arten der balancierenden Selektion hin.
Improving quality attributes of software systems through software architecture patterns

Architecture patterns are an important tool in architectural design. However, while many architecture patterns have been identified, there is little in-depth understanding of their actual use in software architectures. For instance, there is no overview of how many patterns are used per system or which patterns are the most common or most important for particular domains. In addition, little is known of how architecture patterns ay interact with each other. We studied architecture documentation of 47 systems to learn about their architecture patterns. Most systems had two or more architecture patterns, and certain patterns were prominent in different application domains. We identified several patterns that are commonly used together, and are beginning to learn how such combinations may impact system quality attributes. This information can be used to help designers select architecture patterns, can help people learn both architectures and patterns, and can be useful in architectural reviews.
The influence of crucifers and mustard oil on the emergence of larvae of the potato-root eelworm, Heterodera rostochtensis Wollenweber

Hatching experiments were carried out with cysts of the potato-root eelworm. The effect of solutions of potato-root excretion mixed with root excretions of six types of crucifer seedlings was studied. With cress, white mustard, and black mustard, the emergence of larvae in the mixed excretions was very much less than that from control cysts in potato-root excretion alone. On subsequent return to potato-root excretion alone, larval emergence was found to be unimpaired in the case of white and black mustards; in the case of cress, however, the total emergence differed significantly from control. Similar effects, of both types, were obtained with certain dilutions of ally isothiocyanate, the mustard oil of black mustard seed, in potato-root excretion.
Comparative anatomical studies on the two Stachys species (sect. Eriostomum, subsect. Germanicae) growing in Turkey

In this study, comparative anatomical studies on the two Stachys species (sect. Eriostomum, subsect. Germanicae) in Turkey were carried out on the plants collected from their type localities. These species are Stachys balansae Boiss. & Kotschy and Stachys carduchorum(R. Bhattacharjee) Rech.f. which are morphologically very similar to each other. Anatomical properties of Germanicae subsection was reported for the first time. In anatomical studies, the root, stem, leaf and petioles have been examined under light microscope in details; microphotographs was taken and micro-anatomical measurements of cells and tissues was done and presented in table. In anatomical results, there is almost no marked difference in anatomical structures of the roots and stems cross sections belonging to the taxa, however, anatomical differences are clear in vascular bundles present in median veins of the cross sections taken from the leaves and petioles. Anatomic properties of the two species was determined to be similar to the anatomic properties of other species of the genus Stachys. Key words: Anatomy, Eriostomum, Lamiaceae, Stachys, Turkey.
Population structure and breeding pattern of the mangrove horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda in Singapore

The first year-long survey of the mangrove horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundi- cauda was conducted at the Mandai mudflats at Kranji in Singapore to determine if breeding is year round or seasonal and to provide qualitative and quantitative baseline data to monitor the health of the population. At spring tide from September 2007 to July 2008, volunteers collected horseshoe crabs along the exposed mudflats as the tide receded. The carapace width was measured, and the sex and breeding status of each individual were determined. The proportion of juveniles in different size groups varied in each month. In November and January, 25 and 30%, respectively, were 2 to 3 cm in width, while in June and July, 8 and 4%, respectively, were in this size group. The size cohorts showed recruitment to the smallest size classes from November to March and recruitment to the larger size classes from March to July. Juveniles less than 2 cm were not found in June, suggesting that there may be a rest period of low or no breeding activity from May to July resulting in none of the smallest sizes mid-year. Ratios of males to females varied from 0.85 to 1.78 throughout the year, and although pairs in amplexus were found year round, no spawning activity was seen. Males mature at about 8 cm while females may mature later at 10 cm. A mean of 33% growth during ecdysis in juveniles was observed, suggesting that juveniles of approximately 2 cm may moult about 5 more times before maturity.
National Cholesterol Awareness Month TGF-1 Limits Plaque Growth, Stabilizes Plaque Structure, and Prevents Aortic Dilation in Apolipoprotein E-Null Mice

Objective—Impairment of transforming growth factor (TGF)-1 signaling accelerates atherosclerosis in experimental mice. However, it is uncertain whether increased TGF-1 expression would retard atherosclerosis. The role of TGF-1 in aneurysm formation is also controversial. We tested whether overexpression of active TGF-1 in hyperlipidemic mice affects atherogenesis and aortic dilation. Methods and Results—We generated apolipoprotein E–null mice with transgenes that allow regulated overexpression of active TGF-1 in their hearts. Compared to littermate controls, these mice had elevated cardiac and plasma TGF-1, less aortic root atherosclerosis (P0.002), fewer lesions in the thoracic and abdominal aortae (P0.01), less aortic root dilation (P0.001), and fewer pseudoaneurysms (P0.02). Mechanistic studies revealed no effect of TGF-1 overexpression on plasma lipids or cytokines, or on peripheral lymphoid organ cells. However, aortae of TGF-1– overexpressing mice had fewer T-lymphocytes, more collagen, less lipid, lower expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase-13, and higher expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2. Conclusions—When overexpressed in the heart and plasma, TGF-1 is an antiatherogenic, vasculoprotective cytokine that limits atherosclerosis and prevents aortic dilation. These actions are associated with significant changes in cellularity, collagen and lipid accumulation, and gene expression in the artery wall. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1251-1257.)
A framework for large-scale multi-modal microscopic evacuation simulations

In recent years, the interest in multi-modal simulation models has increased significantly. In such models, various transport modes are simulated simultaneously, including the interactions between agents using different modes. Typical fields of application are, for example, studies on car sharing and public transport. However, they are in general not able to handle scenarios with exceptional events. Evacuation models often support multiple transport modes and unexpected events but are designed for small-scale scenarios only. Obviously, there is a gap between these two areas that has to be closed by a multi-modal evacuation simulation. This paper presents the combination of two simulation approaches and another one for large-scale multi-modal simulations, one to simulate evacuations. Both approaches are integrated in a single simulation framework. Its capabilities are demonstrated on a real world large-scale evacuation scenario which includes also microscopic elements.
Minimal medium for optimal growth and lipid production of the microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus

The culture of Scenedesmus dimorphus at the laboratory scale has often been in standard microalgae media, such as 3N‐Basal Bold medium (3N‐BB), which contains 15 different chemicals. Given the extremely tight profit margins of large‐scale production of biofuel from microalgae, it is important to identify the minimally sufficient quantities of nutrients necessary to maximize lipid productivity. The individual and interactive effects of six groupings of the components of 3N‐BB medium on growth rate, lipid content, and total biomass yield of S. dimorphus were determined. Trace metal and vitamin concentrations were reduced to 1/6 the level of 3N‐BB medium without adversely affecting growth rates and biomass concentration, while concentrations of CaCl2 and K2HPO4/KH2PO4 were reduced to 1/10 that of 3N‐BB without adversely affecting biomass and lipid concentrations. Both lipid productivity and lipid content were maximized at the lowest NaNO3 concentration (1/10 that in 3N‐BB) and independent of MgSO4 concentration, while the interaction of these two chemicals enhanced biomass concentration. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 937–945, 2013
Risk Factors of Pregnancy over the Age 35 among Women in Baghdad

Background: A high-risk pregnancy is one in which some condition puts the mother or the developing fetus, or both, at an increased risk for complications during or after pregnancy and birth. Aim of the study: To assess the effect of maternal age with risk factor of adverse pregnancy and pregnancy outcome in our setting. Methods: A cross sectional study has been conducted in six hospitals in Baghdad for the period extended from 1st September 2018 to 28 December 2018. A detailed physical examination was conducted on all the participants. A questionnaire was completed for each case including basic socio demographic data. The statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package for the social sciences version 22 to analyses the data. Results: From our data found that 73 (76.8%) of cases in the age group 35-39 years old, 81 (85.3%) were unemployed; read and write education in 28 (29.5%). The highest frequency of cases had a parity more than 6, 67 (70.5%) had a family history, 32 (33.7%) of cases had a previous still birth and 2 (2.1%) of cases had history of alcohol drinking. Anemia, diabetes and infertility are the main risk factor of pregnancy. Conclusions: A statistically significant has been found between maternal age with hypertension, Diabetes and vascular disease at the p. value <0.05.
Failure Model of Peopleware Factors: A Neuro-Computing Approach

Human Resource can play a critical role in the success and failure of Information systems in an organization. It has been established that even the best of Information systems do fail due to the neglect of the human factor. According to OASIG Report [1], 80–90% IT projects do fail mainly due to neglect of human factor. Therefore, in this paper an attempt has been made to propose an Artificial Neural Network(ANN) based approach that help us to study the failure/success of the Industry due to Peopleware(Human Resource) for an Information system. The study is particularly important because most of the studies make use of conventional approaches having their own limitations such as following an algorithmic approach. The ANNs do not suffer from such limitations and they process information in a similar way the human brain does. Neural networks learn by example. Thus this approach is likely to provide better results as it is done using the MATLAB R2007B programming by Neural Network programs. Hence, such a study will be of great importance with respect to the Indian Industry.
Development of compact portable ultrasound robot for home healthcare

Robotic medical ultrasound can support diagnostics and alleviate fatigues. However, state-of-the-art ultrasound devices are too large and complex for home healthcare. Moreover, organs move in accordance with respiration. This movement changes the ultrasound image pattern and it is difficult for the operator to diagnose easily and accurately. To cope with these problems, the authors newly developed a compact portable ultrasound diagnostic robot for home healthcare, which compensate the organ motion. It can support those who find it difficult to visit a hospital for temporal, spatial, or physical reasons. A robust template matching method to servo the target was applied. Specifically, this robot moves to the target, whose position is detected by finding and identifying the image position of the target in the real-time input images. The authors also applied a multi-threading algorithm with two threads to enhance the real-time performance. One is for image processing with template matching. Another is for robot control to servo the target. Experimental results show that their proposed robot and algorithms can be suppressed to 25.2% motion in pk-to-pk for the periodic phantom organ motion (period of 3 s and of pk-to-pk 40 mm).
Life under ice in the perennial ice‐covered Lake Glubokoe in Summer (East Antarctica)

This study focuses on hydrological and biotic variables in Lake Glubokoe, which is located in Thala Hills of Enderby Land (East Antarctica). Water and sediment samples and physical measurements were collected once a week in the austral summer (19 December 2010 – 6 February 2011). This lake exhibits perennial ice cover that reached a thickness of 2.5–2.7 m during the study period. A very low concentration of planktonic chlorophyll-a (0.06–0.45 l gL � 1 ) was measured in the lake, indicating its ultra-oligotrophic status. The water was poorly populated by algae and metazoans, especially in upper waters below ice cover to a depth of 2 m. Small planktonic organisms (2–5 lm) were observed throughout the study period, but larger organisms (>8 lm) such as the cyanobacteria Planktolyngbya limnetica occurred only during the warmest period (January). Only few individuals of metazoans (rotifers) were found in planktonic samples. Due to deep light penetration (10–15% of incoming active solar radiation reached the depth of 30 m), thick cyanobacterial mats (30 cm) cover all the bottom surface (grey silts) in the lake. Abundant benthic biota associated with these mats was found (up to 1000 ind. m � 2 ). Among the benthic metazoans, bdelloid rotifers and tardigrades were the dominating taxa. The results of this study suggest a typical ecological feature of most subglacial lakes in East Antarctica is that metazoans are very poor in the pelagic zone, preferring instead to occupy an area near the lake bottom because of a favourable constant temperature of 4 °C, good level of dissolved oxygen and available food resources as the bacterial detritus.
Improved differential unitary space-time codes with multiple amplitude modulation

Unitary space-time modulation is very interesting technique especially in transmit diversity. It can be used in differential modulation, which is very attractive in a multiple antenna scenario. With the increase of the spectrum efficiency, the product distance between constellations in unitary code group decreases dramatically, which deteriorates the performance. In this paper, the idea of QAM is introduced to improve differential unitary space-time code group with multiple amplitude (MAU). Rather than limited in code group with equal energy, this technique exploits the potential distance between codes with multiple amplitude. Theoretical analysis and simulations are carried out to investigate the performance of the proposal. Through analysis, the parameters in our proposal are optimized. The results verify the outperformance of MAU over the conventional differential unitary space-time group.
A Cost-effective Mobile Edge Computing Model

With the explosive growth of smart devices and the advent of many new applications, data traffic over Internet has grown dramatically. Due to high latency and heavy burden on the backhaul links, traditional centralized network architecture cannot accommodate such challenges. Therefore, new architectures bring network functions to the edge of network, such as small-cell base stations and access point. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has been recognized as a promising technique to provide caching, computation and communication functionalities at the edge of cellular networks. In this paper, we first give an overview of mobile edge networks, including architecture and features. Next, a distributed and local-first computing (DLFC) model based on MEC is proposed, including distributed computing model and transmission model. Subsequently, the comparison between DLFC and centralized cloud computing (CCC) model is given and analyzed service delay and performance. Finally, the conclusion of this paper and future direction is presented as well. Keywords—Mobile edge computing; Mobile network; Costeffective; Service latency
Thermoadaptation of methanogenic bacteria by intracellular ion concentration

An inter- and intra-species correlation was found between the intracellular potassium concentration and growth temperature within the Methanobacteriales, comprising mesophiles as well as moderate (Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum) and extreme thermophiles (Methanothermus fervidus, Mt. sociabilis). Potassium concentrations in different species were determined at optimal growth temperatures and for the same species cultured at different temperatures. The main anionic component was found to be the unusual trianionic cyclic 2,3-diphosphiglycerate. In vitro experiments with the thermolabile enzymes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase from Mt. fervidus indicated that the potassium salt of the cyclic diphosphoglycerate acts as potent thermostabilizer. Thus it appears that, for the methanogens, changes in the intracellular ion concentration are the basis of thermoadaptation.
Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Synedrella (Synedrella nodiflora) in a Tropical Environment

Abstract Synedrella is a tropical annual plant species of the family Asteraceae that is widely distributed in many crops in nearly 50 countries. Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of various environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of synedrella. Germination response was greater at 30/20 C and 35/25 C than at 25/15 C fluctuating day/night temperatures. Light stimulated germination; however, a small proportion of after-ripened seeds germinated in the dark. Seedling emergence was greatest (96%) for seeds placed on the soil surface but declined with increased seed burial depth. No seedlings emerged from a depth of 4 cm. Seedling emergence and seedling dry matter declined with the addition of crop residue to the soil surface; however, higher quantities of residue than those normally found in low-yield systems were required to result in substantial reductions in emergence. Seed germination was tolerant of moderate salt concentrations (40 to 100 mM sodium chloride) and a broad range of pH (4 to 10) but was sensitive to low osmotic potentials (< −0.8 MPa). The information gained from this study could help predict the invasion potential of this species and could lead to improved management strategies. Nomenclature: Synedrella, Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn
Fact-Finding Survey of Antithrombotic Treatment for Prevention of Cerebral and Systemic Thromboembolism in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in 9 Countries of the Asia-Pacific Region

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been gaining much attention as one of the major causes of cerebral infarction. It is imperative to establish antithrombotic treatment for AF patients. Thus far, guidelines for antithrombotic treatment in the management of AF patients, including the verification of the efficacy of direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors, have been published from the United States, Europe, Canada, and Japan. When we look at the Asia-Pacific region, antithrombotic treatment has not yet been defined, and no such guidelines have been published in this regard. The Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) conducted a Web-based survey between June and August 2011, to elucidate the current status of antithrombotic treatment in 9 countries. A total of 363 cardiologists in 9 countries examined 300 patients with cardiovascular disease per month on an average; of these patients, 37 (12%) had nonvalvular AF (NVAF; 6.5% in India to 16.9% in Australia). The survey revealed that NVAF patients were not always administered appropriate antithrombotic treatment. These data give us a foothold for the next step, i.e., the formulation, of the APHRS practice guidelines.
Bacteroides disiens sp. nov. and Bacteroides bivius sp. nov. from Human Clinical Infections

Bacteroides disiens sp. nov. and Bacteroides bivius sp. nov., both isolated from human clinical specimens, are described. They are species of obligately anaerobic, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, nonpigmenting, gram-negative rods that produce succinic and acetic acids (often with traces of isobutyric, isovaleric, and lactic acids) from peptone-yeast-glucose cultures. Gelatin, milk, casein, and meat are digested. Glucose, maltose, and starch, but not sucrose, are fermented. Most strains of B. bivius also ferment lactose. Hemin is required for growth. Strains of these species are phenotypically similar to those of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius except that they do not form pigmented colonies. However, they do not show a high level of deoxyribonucleic acid/deoxyribonucleic acid homology with B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius or with each other. ATCC 29426 (= VPI 8057) is designated the type strain of B. disiens, and ATCC 29303 (= VPI 6822) is designated the type strain of B. bivius.