Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Allometry of reproduction, weapon size, and colony size in social shrimp: A comparative analysis of four eusocial species in genus Synalpheus

Eusociality is one of the most highly developed forms of social behavior in which groups of individuals show overlap of generations, strong reproductive skew, and cooperative care of young. Eusociality is thought to have evolved in several animal groups as a response to ecological challenges. Within the diverse tropical sponge-dwelling marine crustacean genus Synalpheus, multiple species display eusocial behavior, a trait that is not found in any other marine organisms. The eusocial species of the genus Synalpheus form large colonies often with only one reproducing female among tens to hundreds of individuals. These reproducing females, or queens, strongly influence the growth and success of a colony as they appear to be the primary source of direct recruits. In addition, the success of a eusocial Synalpheus colony is highly dependent on its ability to retain and defend its host sponge. This necessary combination of reproduction and defense presents a potential for trade-offs between the allocation of energy and resources for the queen and the colony. Because both defense and reproduction are key factors in the evolution of eusociality, I have compared the allometry of reproductive capacity and defensive weaponry to colony characteristics in queens of four eusocial Synalpheus species. Bivariate regressions and structural equation modeling were used to characterize relationships between queen fecundity, size of the major chela (fighting claw), and colony size, shedding light on the relationship between individual success and social organization in sponge-dwelling shrimp. The individual allometry of reproducing females was relatively consistent across species with body mass having strong positive effects on both major chela mass and egg number. In addition, the relationship between chela mass and egg number, or fecundity and weaponry, was negative indicating a tradeoff between reproduction and defense. Furthermore, the relationship between colony size and major chela mass was also negative indicating a buffer effect between number of cohorts in a colony and the necessity of a major chela for queen personal defense. Finally, the effect of individual allometry on colony size varied dramatically indicating that while queen allometry did significantly affect colony size, other factors outside the sphere of this study are also involved.
Ontological Document Reading: An Experience Report

Ontological document reading is defined as automatically and appropriately populating a conceptual model representing an ontological conceptualization of some fragment of the real world. Appropriately populating the conceptualization involves not only extracting the information with respect to the declared object and relationship sets of the conceptual model but also involves checking the extracted information for real-world constraint violations, standardizing the data, and inferring the unwritten information that a document author intended to convey. Appropriately populating an ontology may, in addition, require adjustments to the ontology itself. This approach to document reading is presented in terms of an effort to build a system to extract the genealogical information in family history books. The status of the reading system is reported. Also explained is how the generated results can be imported into and thus contribute to the construction of a large repository of world-wide family interrelationships. The reading system’s potential use for constructing similar knowledge repositories in other domains is foreshadowed.
Polioencephalomalacia in ruminants caused by excessive amount of sulphur - a review

Abstract Polioencephalomalacia as a result of sulphur excess is a growing problem in cattle and sheep, mainly in young, growing animals. It is common in different regions of the world. The disease develops favoured by certain conditions such as sustained provision of feed and water with high sulphur content, use of dietary supplements containing sulphur, and a habitat with high hydrogen sulphide concentration. Pathogenesis of the disease is complex, but very important are oxidative-antioxidative imbalance, dysfunction of vessels, and secondary cerebral cortex ischaemia as a result of direct and/or indirect action of sulphur metabolites, namely hydrogen sulphide, sulphides, and sulphites. Clinical signs and changes in the cerebral cortex in the form of degenerative necrotic lesions are similar to those observed in polioencephalomalacia caused by vitamin B1 deficiency, and lead and salt intoxication. Highly increased sulphur content (more than 0.3-0.4 of dry matter) in the diet is the basis for differential diagnosis, as well the high concentration of hydrogen sulphide in gas and sulphides in rumen fluid. In prophylaxis and treatment the most important measure is to limit sulphur intake and in acute cases to neutralise low pH in rumen and administer vitamin B1 injections.
Psychological and social factors of estimates of effects

For a proper understanding of the contents of recreation in the everyday lives of people in general, as well as in certain social groups within which the certain recreational activities are carried out, it is necessary to consider the most important factors that influence and determine directly or indirectly man in relation to recreation. Since it is likely that a number of factors determines commitment of individual to engage in recreational activities, it is expected that the very evaluation recreation effects will be different, both in scope and intensity, because people differ in a number of social experiental and personal characteristics. Given that in our society tremendous changes occurred, it is very interesting to correlate psychological and sociological factors as drivers of certain recreational facilities and activities. Performing of these activities the specific needs of individuals are satisfied as well as society at all. This research was conducted with the aim to review the assessments of the effects of recreation in the interconnectedness of psychological and social factors. The research was conducted on a sample of 553 participants, residents of the western part of the Republic of Srpska, of which 132 participants did not engage in recreation, 169 of them are engaged in recreation occasionally, and 252 subjects engaged in recreational activities regularly. This study used questionnaire for assessing the effects of recreation and scale for testing the general attitude towards recreation. The survey showed that participants estimate that for them the greatest effect recreation "in health", and the smallest effect "in fashion and contemporary trends", that is half the participants significant source of differences in the assessment of the effects of recreation, and that, regardless of place of residence, is dominated by an assessment of the significance of recreation for health. Global overview of the results shows that among the participants prevailed moderately positive and vacillating attitude toward recreation.
Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation – a benchmark of computational metagenomics software

In metagenome analysis, computational methods for assembly, taxonomic profiling and binning are key components facilitating downstream biological data interpretation. However, a lack of consensus about benchmarking datasets and evaluation metrics complicates proper performance assessment. The Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation (CAMI) challenge has engaged the global developer community to benchmark their programs on datasets of unprecedented complexity and realism. Benchmark metagenomes were generated from ~700 newly sequenced microorganisms and ~600 novel viruses and plasmids, including genomes with varying degrees of relatedness to each other and to publicly available ones and representing common experimental setups. Across all datasets, assembly and genome binning programs performed well for species represented by individual genomes, while performance was substantially affected by the presence of related strains. Taxonomic profiling and binning programs were proficient at high taxonomic ranks, with a notable performance decrease below the family level. Parameter settings substantially impacted performances, underscoring the importance of program reproducibility. While highlighting current challenges in computational metagenomics, the CAMI results provide a roadmap for software selection to answer specific research questions.
Physical limitations on antennas of arbitrary shape

In this paper, physical limitations on bandwidth, realized gain, Q-factor and directivity are derived for antennas of arbitrary shape. The product of bandwidth and realizable gain is shown to be bounded from above by the eigenvalues of the long-wavelength, high-contrast polarizability dyadics. These dyadics are proportional to the antenna volume and are easily determined for an arbitrary geometry. Ellipsoidal antenna volumes are analysed in detail, and numerical results for some generic geometries are presented. The theory is verified against the classical Chu limitations for spherical geometries and shown to yield sharper bounds for the ratio of the directivity and the Q-factor for non-spherical geometries.
Field Response of the Southern Pine Beetle to Behavioral Chemicals

Field tests were conducted in East Texas in 1973–77 to evaluate the influence of 7 behavioral chemicals on the flight and landing behavior of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman. A mixture of frontalin plus host tree volatiles attracted flying beetles within an infestation. Trans -verbenol synergized the activity of frontalin and substituted for host tree volatiles, α -pinene and loblolly turpentine. Verbenone in a 1:1 ratio with frontalin did not significantly affect trap catch. At higher concentrations of verbenone, trap catch was significantly reduced. Endo -brevicomin inhibited trap catch when added to an attractant-baited trap. Exo -brevicomin showed no inhibitory effect. Traps with a 1:4 mixture of Endo -brevicomin and verbenone plus an attractant caught significantly fewer beetles than traps with the attractant plus either one of the inhibitors.
A dynamical study of Galactic globular clusters under different relaxation conditions

Aims. We perform a systematic combined photometric and kinematic analysis of a sample of globular clusters under different relaxation conditions, based on their core relaxation time (as listed in available catalogs), by means of two well-known families of spherical stellar dynamical models. Systems characterized by shorter relaxation time scales are expected to be better described by isotropic King models, while less relaxed systems might be interpreted by means of non-truncated, radially-biased anisotropic f (ν) models, originally designed to represent stellar systems produced by a violent relaxation formation process and applied here for the first time to the study of globular clusters. Methods. The comparison between dynamical models and observations is performed by fitting simultaneously surface brightness and velocity dispersion profiles. For each globular cluster, the best-fit model in each family is identified, along with a full error analysis on the relevant parameters. Detailed structural properties and mass-to-light ratios are also explicitly derived. Results. We find that King models usually offer a good representation of the observed photometric profiles, but often lead to less satisfactory fits to the kinematic profiles, independently of the relaxation condition of the systems. For some less relaxed clusters, f (ν) models provide a good description of both observed profiles. Some derived structural characteristics, such as the total mass or the half-mass radius, turn out to be significantly model-dependent. The analysis confirms that, to answer some important dynamical questions that bear on the formation and evolution of globular clusters, it would be highly desirable to acquire larger numbers of accurate kinematic data-points, well distributed over the cluster field.
Some results related to the Corach-Porta-Recht inequality

Let L(H) be the algebra of all bounded operators on a complex Hilbert space H and let S be an invertible self-adjoint (or skew-symmetric) operator of L(H). Corach-Porta-Recht proved that ∀X ∈ L(H), ∥∥SXS−1 + S−1XS∥∥ ≥ 2 ‖X‖ . (∗) The problem considered here is that of finding (i) some consequences of the Corach-Porta-Recht Inequality; (ii) a necessary condition (resp. necessary and sufficient condition, when σ(P ) = σ(Q)) for the invertible positive operators P,Q to satisfy the operator-norm inequality ∥∥PXP−1 +Q−1XQ∥∥ ≥ 2 ‖X‖ , for all X in L(H); (iii) a necessary and sufficient condition for the invertible operator S in L(H) to satisfy (∗) .
INTEGRAL Detection of the First Prompt Gamma-Ray Signal Coincident with the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817

We report the INTernational Gamma-ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) detection of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A (discovered by Fermi-GBM) with a signal-to-noise ratio of 4.6, and, for the first time, its association with the gravitational waves (GWs) from binary neutron star (BNS) merging event GW170817 detected by the LIGO and Virgo observatories. The significance of association between the gamma-ray burst observed by INTEGRAL and GW170817 is 3. 2σ, while the association between the Fermi-GBM and INTEGRAL detections is 4. 2σ. GRB 170817A was detected by the SPI-ACS instrument about 2 s after the end of the GW event. We measure a fluence of (1.4 ± 0.4 ± 0.6) × 10−7 erg cm−2 (75–2000 keV), where, respectively, the statistical error is given at the 1σ confidence level, and the systematic error corresponds to the uncertainty in the spectral model and instrument response. We also report on the pointed follow-up observations carried out by INTEGRAL, starting 19.5 hr after the event, and lasting for 5.4 days. We provide a stringent upper limit on any electromagnetic signal in a very broad energy range, from 3 keV to 8 MeV, constraining the soft gamma-ray afterglow flux to <7.1 × 10−11 erg cm−2 s−1 (80–300 keV). Exploiting the unique capabilities of INTEGRAL, we constrained the gamma-ray line emission from radioactive decays that are expected to be the principal source of the energy behind a kilonova event following a BNS coalescence. Finally, we put a stringent upper limit on any delayed bursting activity, for example, from a newly formed magnetar.
Optimum grouping in a modified genetic algorithm for discrete-time, non-linear system identification

Abstract The genetic algorithm approach is widely recognized as an effective and flexible optimization method for system identification. The flexibility of a genetic algorithm allows various strategies to be applied to it. One of the strategies applied is the modified genetic algorithm which relies on, among other things, the separation of the population into groups where each group undergoes mutual recombination operations. The strategy has been shown to be better than the simple genetic algorithm and conventional statistical method, but it contains inadequate justification of how the separation is made. The usage of objective function values for separation of groups does not carry much flexibility and is not suitable since different time-dependent data have different levels of equilibrium and thus different ranges of objective function values. This paper investigates the optimum grouping of chromosomes by fixed group ratios, enabling more efficient identification of dynamic systems using a NARX (Non-linear AutoRegressive with eXogenous input) model. Several simulated systems and real-world timedependent data are used in the investigation. Comparisons based on widely used optimization performance indicators along with outcomes from other research are used. The issue of model parsimony is also addressed, and the model is validated using correlation tests. The study reveals that, when recombination and mutation are used for different groups, equal composition of both groups produces a better result in terms of accuracy, parsimony, speed, and consistency.
Approaches to phishing detection using link classification

Phishing is a growing problem with serious financial and security consequences for those entrapped by it. This paper examines the evolution, over the past seven years, of schemes for classifying Links and URLs as Phishing related. The initial techniques relied upon the use of expertly hand-selected Link/URL features, plausible, but ad-hoc, heuristics, a reliance on the context of the embedding email or web page and often the use of black and white lists. Over time many of these techniques have lost much of their potency due to the increasing sophistication of the Phishers' methods. Consequently, more recent work places a greater reliance upon automating feature selection using text classification techniques. Our work involves building a URL classifier and using to test the various schemes and general feature classes to determine their efficacy and possibility for improvement. We make use of publicly available lists of black and white URLs for purposes of both training and testing the classifier. Our results indicate a simple approach is superior to an over-complicated separation of feature sets.
Cytological Indices of Postpartum Normally Calved Dairy Cows

Fertility after parturition of dairy cows is considered as the principal economic factor of milk producing farms. Alteration or extension of postpartum period with failure or delay in conception results in progressive economic loss to the poor farming community (Patel et al., 2006). Therefore, the puerperal period is a critical phase in the reproductive cycle of dairy cows (Frazer, 2005). Puerperal uterine soundness is essential for the re-establishment of postpartum ovarian cyclicity and next pregnancy (Tiwari et al., 2004).
Reactive Path Planning Approach for Docking Robots in Unknown Environment

Autonomous robots need to be recharged and exchange information with the host through docking in the long-distance tasks. Therefore, feasible path is required in the docking process to guide the robot and adjust its pose. However, when there are unknown obstacles in the work area, it becomes difficult to determine the feasible path for docking. This paper presents a reactive path planning approach named Dubins-APF (DAPF) to solve the path planning problem for docking in unknown environment with obstacles. In this proposed approach the Dubins curves are combined with the designed obstacle avoidance potential field to plan the feasible path. Firstly, an initial path is planned and followed according to the configurations of the robot and the docking station. Then when the followed path is evaluated to be infeasible, the intermediate configuration is calculated as well as the replanned path based on the obstacle avoidance potential field. The robot will be navigated to the docking station with proper pose eventually via the DAPF approach. The proposed DAPF approach is efficient and does not require the prior knowledge about the environment. Simulation results are given to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.
Determining tactical operational planning policies for an auto carrier - A case study

This study was done to assist a local auto carrier company with tactical operational planning. The objective of the planning process is to maximise the number of vehicles delivered while being on time and adhering to staff and maintenance schedule constraints. We investigated the feasibility of allowing part of the fleet to roam the closed spatial network, as opposed to the traditional assignment of the complete fleet to fixed routes. We developed decision-making rules for roaming and fixed-to-route auto carriers, and evaluated the quality of these proposed rules, in combination with different fleet compositions, using discrete event simulation and four performance measures. We found that the auto carrier company should adopt a tactical operations policy where at least 50% of the fleet is allowed to roam, while roaming auto carriers pick vehicles to transport according to specific rules. OPSOMMING Hierdie studie is gedoen om ’n plaaslike motorvervoer-onderneming te help met taktiese bedryfsbeplanning. Die doelwit van die beplanningsproses is om die aantal voertuie wat betyds afgelewer word te maksimeer met inagneming van personeel- en instandhoudingbeperkings. Ons het die moontlikheid dat ’n deel van die vragmotorvloot swerwend in die geslote ruimtelike roete-network moet opereer, ondersoek. Dit is in teenstelling met die tradisionele vaste toedeling van vragmotors aan roetes. Besluitnemingreels vir swerwende en vaste-roete vragmotors is ontwikkel, en die gehalte van die reels is met diskrete simulasie en vier prestasiemaatstawwe evalueer. Ons het bevind dat die vervoeronderneming ’n bedryfsbeleid behoort te aanvaar wat toelaat dat ten minste 50% van die vloot swerf, terwyl hierdie swerwende vragmotors voertuie volgens spesifieke reels by oplaaipunte moet kies.
BASED TERM WEIGHTING FOR ARABIC FIQH DOCUMENT RANKING Khadijah

In document retrieval, besides the suitability of query with search results, there is also a subjective user assessment that is expected to be a deciding factor in document ranking. This preference aspect is referred at the fiqh document searching. People tend to prefer on certain fiqh methodology without rejecting other fiqh methodologies. It is necessary to investigate preference factor in addition to the relevance factor in the document ranking. Therefore, this research proposed a method of term weighting based on preference to rank documents according to user preference. The proposed method is also combined with term weighting based on documents index and books index so it sees relevance and preference aspect. The proposed method is Inverse Preference Frequency with α value (IPFα). In this method, we calculate preference value by IPF term weighting. Then, the preference values of terms that is equal with the query are multiplied by α. IPFα combined with the existing weighting methods become TF.IDF. IBF. IPFα. Experiment of the proposed method uses dataset of several Arabic fiqh documents. Evaluation uses recall, precision, and f-measure calculations. Proposed term weighting method is obtained to rank the document in the right order according to user preference. It is shown from the result with recall value reach 75%, precision 100%, and F-measure 85.7% respectively.
Equivalence Transformations among Ising Models

Using topology, fractal analysis and investigation of lattice formation process we find two types of equivalence transformations among Ising models: topological equivalence transformation and formation equivalence transformation. With the help of the transformations and the known data of the critical points of simple cubic (sc) lattice and planar square (sq) lattice we get directly the critical points for face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice, body-centered cubic (bcc) lattice and diamond (d) lattice. The transformation itself results no error in the calculation. Other than Monte Carlo method and series expansion approach the equivalence transformations help us simplify much more greatly the calculation of the critical points for the three-dimensional models and understand much more deeply the structural connection among Ising models.
Structured Prediction Using Inference Networks

Structured prediction is a general term used for supervised learning, where the goal is to generate structured output in contrast to scalars. Often, the output space is exponentially large, making it difficult to use standard classification techniques. Luckily, it is often the case that parts of the structured output are correlated with one another. This motivates the energy perspective of neural networks LeCun et al. [2006], where the objective is to find a structured output which minimizes the sum of a “local energy function” (interaction of inputs with outputs) and a “global energy function” (interaction of output units among themselves, independent of the input. The main goals of this project are -