Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization by the Oral Medicine Targeting Histamine Receptor H4 in Mice.

PURPOSE This study aimed to examine relationship of histamine receptor H4 (HRH4) and the pathogenesis of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (laser-CNV) and to determine whether oral administration of HRH4 antagonists suppressed laser-CNV in mice. METHODS Laser photocoagulation was performed in mice to induce the laser-CNV. Histamine was administered intravitreously, and CNV volume was measured. Laser photocoagulation and intravitreous injection of HRH4 antagonist JNJ7777120 were performed after intraperitoneal injection of clodronate liposome, which depletes circulating monocyte-derived macrophages; CNV volume was compared with that in mice injected with control (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]/PBS). Three days after laser-CNV, the F4/80+CD11b+ macrophage population in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid complex was quantified with flow cytometry in wild-type and Hrh4-/- mice. The long-acting HRH4 antagonist JNJ28307474 was then administrated periorally, and the laser-CNV volume was compared with controls. RESULTS Intravitreous injection of histamine did not affect laser-CNV volume. The laser-CNV from the eye injected with JNJ7777120 was equivalent to that injected with the DMSO/PBS in mice that had intraperitoneally received clodronate liposome. Flow cytometry after laser-CNV induction revealed a smaller F4/80+CD11b+ macrophage population in the RPE/choroid complex of Hrh4-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Oral administration of JNJ28307474 significantly reduced laser-CNV volume in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that HRH4-positive macrophages played an important role in the pathogenesis of laser-CNV and that they require a different ligand from that of histamine. The oral administration of an HRH4 antagonist successfully reduced laser-CNV. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Our results indicate that drugs targeting HRH4 are potentially a novel oral treatment for age-related macular degeneration.
Invasion of Different Cell Types by Sporozoites of Eimeria Species and Effects of Monoclonal Antibody 1209-C2 on Invasion of Cells by Sporozoites of Several Apicomplexan Parasites

Abstract Sporozoites of avian Eimeria species differed markedly in their ability to invade cells in vitro. Invasion by E. tenella and E. adenoeides was significantly greater in baby hamster kidney (BHK) and chicken cecal cell (CC) cultures than in primary chicken (PCK) or turkey kidney (PTK) cell cultures. Moreover, invasion of BHK cell cultures by E. adenoeides was significantly greater than that of other Eimeria species, and invasion by E. acervulina sporozoites was significantly lower. Monoclonal antibody 1209-C2 (MAb 1209-C2) reacted by immunofluorescent labeling (IFA) with refractile bodies of sporozoites of 5 species of Eimeria and Caryospora bigenetica, but not with sporozoites of Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia hammondi, or Cryptosporidium parvum, which have no refractile bodies. The MAb also cross-reacted with formalin-fixed BHK, CC, turkey cecal (TC) cells, and PTK. Pretreatment of BHK cells with MAb 1209-C2 significantly reduced invasion of the cells by sporozoites of E. tenella, E. acervulina, E. meleagrimitis, and C. bigenetica, but did not alter invasion by T. gondii, C. parvum, or H. hammondia. Apparently, reactivity of MAB1209-C2 with the sporozoites was required for inhibition of invasion despite the fact that the inhibition resulted from pre-treatment of the host cell. Conversely, although MAb 1209-C2 also reacted moderately with PTK and TC cells, pre-treatment of these cell cultures with the MAb did not inhibit invasion by either MAB 1209-C2-reactive or -nonreactive parasites. Collectively, the data indicated that refractile body antigens of sporozoites of Eimeria and Caryospora, which are recognized by MAb 1209-C2, may function in cellular invasion, but also suggest that cellular invasion is probably not mediated by interactions between the conserved epitopes in sporozoites and cultured host cells that are recognized by the MAb.
Identification of the human P450 enzymes involved in lansoprazole metabolism.

The aim of this study was to identify which human P450 enzymes are involved in the metabolism of lansoprazole. In the presence of NADPH and oxygen, human liver microsomes converted lansoprazole to lansoprazole sulfide, lansoprazole sulfone and 5-hydroxylansoprazole. Formation of lansoprazole sulfide occurred nonenzymatically. The formation of lansoprazole sulfone appeared to be catalyzed by a single, low-affinity enzyme (apparent Km approximately 100 microM). In contrast, lansoprazole 5-hydroxylation appeared to be catalyzed by two kinetically distinct enzymes (apparent Km approximately 100 microM and approximately 15 microM). When human liver microsomes (n = 16) were incubated with 100 microM lansoprazole, both the 5-hydroxylation and sulfoxidation of lansoprazole appeared to be catalyzed by CYP3A4/5 (based on correlation analyses). Antibodies against rat CYP3A enzymes inhibited the rate of both 5-hydroxylation (approximately 55%) and sulfoxidation (approximately 70%) and cDNA-expressed CYP3A4 catalyzed both the 5-hydroxylation and sulfoxidation of lansoprazole (apparent Km approximately 100 microM). However, at the pharmacologically relevant substrate concentration of 1 microM, lansoprazole sulfoxidation was still highly correlated with CYP3A4/5 activity (r2 = .905), but lansoprazole 5-hydroxylation appeared to be catalyzed by CYP2C19 (r2 = .875) rather than CYP3A4/5 (r2 = .113). Antibodies and chemical inhibitors of CYP2C enzymes preferentially inhibited the 5-hydroxylation of lansoprazole, whereas lansoprazole sulfoxidation was preferentially inhibited by antibodies and chemical inhibitors of CYP3A4/5. The cDNA expressed enzymes CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 catalyzed varying rates of lansoprazole 5-hydroxylation at a substrate concentration of 50 microM, but only CYPC19 catalyzed this reaction at 1 microM. These results suggest that at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, the 5-hydroxylation of lansoprazole is primarily catalyzed by CYP2C19, whereas the sulfoxidation of lansoprazole is primarily catalyzed by CYP3A4/5. It is possible that individuals lacking CYP2C19 will be poor metabolizers of lansoprazole.
Intrauterine Infection with Plasmid-Free Chlamydia muridarum Reveals a Critical Role of the Plasmid in Chlamydial Ascension and Establishes a Model for Evaluating Plasmid-Independent Pathogenicity

ABSTRACT Intravaginal infection with plasmid-competent but not plasmid-free Chlamydia muridarum induces hydrosalpinx in mouse upper genital tract, indicating a critical role of the plasmid in chlamydial pathogenicity. To evaluate the contribution of the plasmid to chlamydial ascension and activation of tubal inflammation, we delivered plasmid-free C. muridarum directly into the endometrium by intrauterine inoculation. We found that three of the six mouse strains tested, including CBA/J, C3H/HeJ, and C57BL/6J, developed significant hydrosalpinges when 1 × 107 inclusion-forming units (IFU) of plasmid-free C. muridarum were intrauterinally inoculated. Even when the inoculum was reduced to 1 × 104 IFU, the CBA/J mice still developed robust hydrosalpinx. The hydrosalpinx development in CBA/J mice correlated with increased organism ascension to the oviduct following the intrauterine inoculation. The CBA/J mice intravaginally infected with the same plasmid-free C. muridarum strain displayed reduced ascending infection and failed to develop hydrosalpinx. These observations have demonstrated a critical role of the plasmid in chlamydial ascending infection. The intrauterine inoculation of the CBA/J mice with plasmid-free C. muridarum not only resulted in more infection in the oviduct but also stimulated more inflammatory infiltration and cytokine production in the oviduct than the intravaginal inoculation, suggesting that the oviduct inflammation can be induced by plasmid-independent factors, which makes the hydrosalpinx induction in CBA/J mice by intrauterine infection with plasmid-free C. muridarum a suitable model for investigating plasmid-independent pathogenic mechanisms.
Lamotriginium dihydrogen phosphate–4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde (1/1)

In the title compound, C9H8Cl2N5 +·H2PO4 −·C9H11NO [systematic name: 3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-2-ium dihydrogen phosphate–4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde (1/1)], intermolecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds produce R 2 2(8) and R 3 2(8) rings, generating a layer. Intermolecular N—H⋯N interactions also occur. The dihedral angle between the rings in the cation is 71.73 (12)°.
Side effects of common acne treatments

Introduction: A variety of acne treatments exist, including topical benzoyl peroxide, topical retinoids, topical antibiotics, oral antibiotics, hormonal therapy, isotretinoin, and procedural therapies, such as light and laser therapies. Although each of these treatment modalities confer various benefits for the management of acne, it is important for healthcare providers to be aware of their potential side effects, including ones that are most common and most serious, so that these medications can be prescribed in a safe manner. Areas covered: A systematic literature review was performed to identify publications discussing the side effects of the different treatment modalities used for acne vulgaris. Acne treatments reviewed included benzoyl peroxide gel, topical retinoids, topical antibiotics, oral antibiotics, hormonal therapy, isotretinoin, and light/laser treatments. Expert opinion: A comprehensive overview of acne treatments' side effects is imperative for healthcare professionals and scientists working with and prescribing acne treatments. Side effects to be aware of when prescribing range from local irritation with topical treatments to systemic side effects including liver function abnormalities and teratogenic side effects. The best available options are those that address acne severity while minimizing side effects for the patient. Consequently, personalized medicine must be strongly emphasized to healthcare providers developing patients' treatment plans.
Soeharto’s New Order and its Legacy : Essays in honour of Harold Crouch

Presiden Indonesia Soeharto memimpin salah satu rezim otoriter yang paling tahan lama dan efektif pada paruh kedua abad kedua puluh. Namun pemerintahannya berakhir dengan aib, dan banyak dari turbulensi dan korupsi pada tahun-tahun berikutnya disalahkan pada warisannya. Lebih dari satu dekade setelah pengunduran diri Soeharto, Indonesia adalah negara demokrasi yang terkonsolidasi dan waktunya telah tiba untuk mempertimbangkan kembali tempat rejimnya dalam sejarah Indonesia modern, dan dampaknya yang bertahan lama. Buku ini memulai tugas ini dengan menyatukan sekumpulan pakar terkemuka di Indonesia untuk memeriksa Soeharto dan warisannya dari berbagai perspektif. Dalam mempresentasikan analisis mereka, para penulis ini memberikan penghormatan kepada Harold Crouch, seorang ilmuwan politik Australia yang tetap menjadi salah satu penulis sejarah terbesar rezim Soeharto dan akibatnya.
Topological Approach to Symbolic Pole–Zero Extraction Incorporating Design Knowledge

This paper addresses the problem of automatic analytical pole–zero (PZ) extraction for multistage operational amplifiers (opamps) with frequency compensation. Traditional methods mainly rely on numerical reference to derive approximate PZ expressions without incorporating any design knowledge. Such methods suffer from bad interpretability of the auto-generated results. This paper takes a topological approach and attempts to advocate that certain form of design knowledge can be incorporated in the symbolic term selection process for PZ generation. The generation engine selects the dominant terms by a formal inspection on the token patterns that are correlated to gain factors and compensation elements. Since the gain factors and compensation elements of an opamp are pertinent to the topological details of a circuit, the proposed PZ extraction method is closer to design conception than other numerical reference-based methods. Consequently, the generated pole/zero results are better interpretable. Application to a class of multistage opamps with a variety of compensation structures demonstrates that the proposed method is effective and can match human-derived results.
The hglK gene is required for localization of heterocyst-specific glycolipids in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120

Mutant strain 543 of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 was originally isolated as a Fox- mutant following chemical mutagenesis. Ultrastructural analysis shows that in nitrogen-replete media the vegetative cells of the mutant are more cylindrical and have thicker septa than those of the wild type, while in nitrogen-free media the mutant heterocysts lack the normal glycolipid layer external to the cell wall. Although this layer is absent, strain 543 heterocysts nevertheless contain heterocyst-specific glycolipids, as determined by thin-layer chromatography. The mutation in strain 543 is in a gene we have named hglK, encoding a protein of 727 amino acids. The wild-type HglK protein appears to contain four membrane-spanning regions followed by 36 repeats of a degenerate pentapeptide sequence, AXLXX. The mutation in strain 543 introduces a termination codon immediately upstream of the pentapeptide repeat region. A mutant constructed by insertion of an antibiotic resistance cassette near the beginning of the hglK gene has the same phenotype as strain 543. We propose that hglK encodes a protein necessary for the localization of heterocyst glycolipids and that this function requires the pentapeptide repeats of the HglK protein.
Depression and CD4 Cell Count Among Patients With HIV in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital

Objective Depression is common in people living with HIV/AIDS and there is some evidence that depressive symptoms may have adverse effects on immune functioning. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of current depressive disorder in patients with HIV/AIDS and its association with CD4 cell count. Methods A consecutive sample of 310 patients with HIV/AIDS attending Out-patient clinic in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (A.B.U.T.H.), Zaria, Nigeria was assessed. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to screen for depressive symptoms, and the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) was used to confirm the diagnosis of current depressive disorder. The CD4 cell counts of participants with depressive disorder were compared with those of participants without depressive disorder. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify socio-demographic and disease-related factors associated with depression. Results Among the 310 HIV-infected participants assessed for depression, 14.2% had current depressive disorder. Adjusting for age, gender, education, occupation, and marital status, patients with CD4 counts < 150 cells/μl were more likely to be depressed. Conclusion Depression is common among HIV-infected persons in Nigeria and is associated with low CD4 cell counts. The screening and treatment of mental health problems such as depression should be considered an integral component of HIV care and support.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for treating severe cardiac and respiratory failure in adults: part 2-technical considerations.

i a N THIS SECOND OF 2 articles on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for treating severe cardiac nd respiratory failure in adults, the physiology, technical coniderations, and complications of this technique are reviewed. lthough ECMO remains a technically and logistically deanding undertaking, recent advances in the design of circuit omponents, particularly the oxygenator, have improved the ase of use and durability of the technique, such that extracororeal support can be maintained relatively safely for several eeks.
Pedestrian detection based on combinational holistic and partial features

Pedestrian detection has been widely used in many applications, however, it is a challenging task and there are many problems unsolved to be handled. Althougth Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) plus Support Vector Machine (SVM) is the most successful pedestrian detection algorithm, the detection rate is becoming worse when the portions of human partial ocllusions are increasing. We propose an approach of adding the head features based on HOG for improving pedestrian detection rates in the case of body partial occlusions. The experiment demonstrates that our approach is robust to the occlusions.
Regulatory Aspects of Nuclear Imaging in Neuropharmacology

nonradioactive drug. The procedure presents a considerable obstacle to the licensing of radiopharmaceuticals as its high costs are for many products incompatible with the small market presented by clinical nuclear medicine. Nevertheless, 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose has recently received admission by the BfArM; this was of great importance in Germany as this country has the highest PET density in Europe. FDG has also been licensed in some other European countries (e.g., in France and Switzerland). Licensing procedures may vary among different members of the EU. However, the Treaty of Maastricht has created common licensing procedures: the first of these, the so-called decentralized licensing procedure, facilitates the extrapolation of an existing permission for a drug from one member country of the EU to the rest; the second is truly central, falling into the competence of the EMEA, a central European agency, located in London. It requires documentation and procedures similar to the national agencies but offers the advantage of Europe-wide licenses and faster approvals, albeit at higher costs (for a review, see Zimmermann). Although the above-described procedures certainly have the effect of ensuring the quality and safety of therapeutic drugs, they represent obstacles to nuclear medicine tracers, which are administered to patients in small, usually harmless doses for diagnostic or research purposes. Therefore, joint efforts are needed to tailor regulations suitable for nuclear medicine and other medical specialties that are based on the principle formulated by von Hevesy in 1934. The question whether European regulation agencies accept imaging parameters as “surrogate endpoints” of clinical trials is difficult to answer in a generalized manner. Certainly, the prospects seem more favorable when already licensed radiopharmaceuticals are being used, although this is not the case for most PET tracers, with FDG being in Germany and Europe a rare exception for at least some clinical indications.
Voltage control in PV grid connected mode for overvoltage reduction

Photovoltaic (PV) technology is well known technique in capturing irradiation of light from sun to produce electricity. Consequences in obtaining the quality of light make it the source an unpredictable. When PV is connected to network, it will creates lots of problem especially in distribution system. One of the major problems is reverse power flow caused by mismatch power between Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and load demand, thus increase voltage at point of common coupling (PCC). This paper presents voltage control techniques in order to control voltage at PCC which are combination between power factor (P.F) control and Variable Inductor (VI) for reactive power control and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) for real power control. Simulation has been done by using PSCAD to demonstrate the effectiveness of power control to regulate voltage at PCC.
Formação de preços e finanças comportamentais: um estudo empírico no mercado futuro de cacau

Pretendeu-se nesse trabalho analisar a formacao dos precos no mercado futuro de cacau, negociados na Bolsa de Nova York, sob a otica da volatilidade, no periodo compreendido entre janeiro de 1997 a agosto de 2008, uma vez que o mercado futuro vem assumindo um papel importante na tomada de decisoes, com enfoque na maximizacao de retornos. De modo particular, o estudo da volatilidade representa um instrumento essencial nesse mercado, em especial para precificacao de ativos e gestao de riscos. Para isso, utilizou-se tres variantes da classe de modelos de heterocedasticidade condicional auto-regressiva, ARCH, a saber, os modelos GARCH, EGARCH e TARCH, que apresentam caracteristicas de modelagem que levam em conta uma variância mudando ao longo do tempo. A variância condicional fornecida por estes modelos sera utilizada como proxy para a volatilidade do retorno do cacau. Os resultados evidenciaram o comportamento persistente da volatilidade no periodo em questao. Esta persistencia revela que os choques sobre a volatilidade irao perdurar por muito tempo. Foram encontradas evidencias de incompatibilidade com a Hipotese de Mercados Eficientes, constatada na dependencia dos retornos futuros a retornos passados, uma vez que ha presenca de termos auto-regressivos nos residuos, capturados pelo efeito ARCH, e tambem pela possibilidade de vieses comportamentais (em funcao de assimetrias nas reacoes entre informacoes positivas e negativas). As teorias de financas modernas preveem que os investidores tem expectativas homogeneas (os investidores tem as mesmas informacoes e determinam o mesmo valor justo para os ativos base). Assim, nao seria esperado que houvesse volatilidade excessiva no mercado futuro de commodity cacau, pois nao haveria divergencia de opinioes entre os investidores. No entanto, os resultados encontrados mostraram que a volatilidade implica na formacao do preco do cacau, tornando impossivel uma explicacao pelas teorias classicas de financas, e indica que esta volatilidade pode resultar tambem das decisoes dos investidores a partir de aspectos psicologicos que surgem quando formam suas crencas e preferencias que, por sua vez, se refletem nas expectativas. Dessa forma, sugerem que as Financas Comportamentais podem contribuir para a compreensao da formacao de precos do mercado futuro de cacau.
Demanda total por anticoncepção no Brasil: uso e necessidade insatisfeita por métodos anticoncepcionais

2 I. Revisão Bibliográfica. 3 1. Tendências da Fecundidade no Brasil . 3 2. Direitos Reprodutivos no Brasil . 6 3. Comportamento Reprodutivo . 10 II. Objetivos . 22 III. Fonte de dados . 22 IV. Resultados (Artigos). 24 Fatores Associados ao Uso de Métodos Contraceptivos no Brasil . 25 Necessidade Insatisfeita por Métodos Anticoncepcionais no Brasil . 53 V. Considerações finais . 80 VI. Referências Bibliográficas . 89
Bandgap narrowing in silicon bipolar transistors

Martinelli [1] recently reported on measurements of theI-Vcharacteristics of silicon bipolar transistors as a function of temperature. His conclusion was that there was no evidence of bandgap narrowing in the transistors. Our experiments [2] on n-p-n transistors indicate that the bandgap does narrow for impurity concentrations aboveN = 10^{17}cm-3. The reason for this discrepancy follows from Martinelli's assumption that the temperature dependence of the minority carrier mobility in the p-type base is given by T-2.6, independently of the impurity concentration, which is not justified by our measurements.