Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of a Cable-driven Actuator for Pronation and Supination of the Forearm to Integrate an Active Arm Orthosis

: The pronation/supination of the forearm are important movements to properly accomplish the activities of daily living. While several exoskeletons have been proposed for the rehabilitation of the arm, few of them have actively implemented the movements of pronation/supination. Often, the addition of this degree of freedom to the mechanism results in a bulky and heavy structure. Consequently, the overall exoskeleton is too big for a wearable solution. This paper proposes a digital prototype and kinematic evaluation of a cable-driven orthosis for pronation/supination movement assistance. The actuator is based on an open ring (semi-circle) to be attached to the forearm, while a stationary guide drives the ring into a rotary movement. By considering anthropomorphic data in the design stage, it is possible to develop a rigid, compact, and high power to weight ratio solution for the actuator responsible for pronation and supination. The proposed actuator can achieve the full range of motion for the activities of daily living and 83% of the rotation of the forearm total range of motion with a total mass of only 150 g.
High-Speed Separations on a Microchip

Fast, efficient separations are sought in liquid-phase analyses which incorporate a nondiscriminatory sample injection scheme and can implement a variety of detection modes. A glass microchip device for free solution electrophoresis was fabricated using standard photolithographic procedures and chemical wet etching. Separations were performed at several separation lengths from the injector to the detector with electric field strengths from 0.06 to 1.5 kV/cm. For a separation length of 0.9 mm, electrophoretic separations with baseline resolution are achieved in less than 150 ms with an electric field strength of 1.5 kV/cm and an efficiency of 1820 plates/s. For a separation length of 11.1 mm, a minimum plate height of 0.7 [mu]m and a maximum number of plates per second of 18,600 were achieved. 19 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Process Towards Development of LiMPO4 (M = Fe, Mn) Nanomaterials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Positive electrodes such as LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4 nanomaterials with olivine structures are considered as most efficient cathode materials for application in lithium ion batteries. Recently, several methods have been proposed for the preparation of lithium metal phosphates as cathodes for lithium ion batteries and their electrochemical performances have been investigated. Over the last 20 years, several synthetic methods have been proposed for lithium metal phosphate nanomaterials. In this review, hydrothermal and solvothermal syntheses of LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4 nanomaterials at low and high temperatures are discussed, including microwave‐hydrothermal and microwave‐solvothermal methods. The effect of particle size and particle morphology on the electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4 cathode materials are also discussed. In addition, the recently emerged supercritical solvothermal and supercritical hydrothermal syntheses of LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4 nanomaterials and their electrochemical property also been addressed.
Mathematical Understanding of Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Algorithms: A Comprehensive Review of Methods

Context: Pairwise sequence alignment is one of the ways to arrange two biological sequences to identify regions of resemblance that may suggest the functional, structural, and/or evolutionary relationship (proteins or nucleic acids) between the sequences. There are two strategies in pairwise sequence alignment: Local sequence Alignment (Smith-waterman algorithm) and Global sequence Alignment (Needleman-Wunsch algorithm). In local sequence alignment, two sequences that may or may not be related are aligned to find regions of local similarities in large sequences whereas in global sequence alignment, two sequences same in length are aligned to identify conserved regions. Similarities and divergence between biological sequences identified by sequence alignment also have to be rationalized and visualized in the sense of phylogenetic trees. The phylogenetic tree construction methods are divided into distance-based and characterbased methods. Evidence Acquisition: In this article, different algorithms of sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction were studied with examples and compared to establish the best among them to look into background of these methods for the better understanding of computational phylogenetics. Conclusions: Pairwise sequence alignment is a very important part of bioinformatics to compare biological sequences to find similarities among them. The alignment data is visualized through phylogenetic tree diagram that shows evolutionary history among organisms. Phylogenetic tree is constructed through various methods some are easier but does not provide accurate evolutionary data whereas others provide accurate evolutionary distance among organism but are computationally exhaustive.
Evaluation of Direct Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Potato Peels

Potato peels (PPs) are generally considered as agriculture waste. The United States alone generates over one million tons of PPs a year. However, PPs contain valuable phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques in recovering antioxidants from PPs. These techniques included a direct ultrasound-assisted extraction (DUAE), an indirect ultrasound-assisted extraction (IUAE), and a conventional shaking extraction (CSE). Results of this study showed that DUAE was more effective in extracting phenolic compounds than IUAE and CSE. We also evaluated the factors affecting the yield of total phenolic compounds (TPC) in DUAE, including the temperature, time, acoustic power, ratio of solvent to solids, and size of PPs particles. TPC yield of DUAE was higher, and the extraction rate was faster than IUAE and CSE. Furthermore, TPC yield was strongly correlated to the temperature of the mixture of PPs suspension. SEM images revealed that the irradiation of ultrasound energy from DUAE caused micro-fractures and the opening of PPs cells. The extract obtained from DUAE was found to have antioxidant activity comparable to commercial synthetic antioxidants. Results of this preliminary study suggest that DUAE has the potential to transform PPs from agricultural waste to a valuable ingredient. A future systematic research study is proposed to advance the knowledge of the impact of processing parameters in the kinetics of phenolic compounds extraction from potato peels using various extraction methods.
Scale effect on breakup process in liquid-liquid agitated tanks.

The effect of scale on the breakup process in liquid-liquid agitated tanks was investigated. Transient drop size distributions in the breakup process were measured in geometrically similar mixing vessels at equal power input per unit mass, which was taken as a scale-up criterion under the assumption of isotropic turbulence for the flow around drops. The distributions in each vessel, however, did not undergo the same variation with time and the condition of equal power input per unit mass was found to be inappropriate as a scale-up criterion for the breakup process. The experimental result was explained from direct observation of breakups in the mixing vessels by high-speed cine-photography. The observations made it clear that breakups occurred not only in the isotropic turbulent region but also in the nonisotropic turbulent region. A new model for the breakup process was proposed which considers breakups in both regions. This model successfully predicted the transient drop size distributions.
Effects of Selected Surfactants on Nutrient Uptake in Corn (Zea mays L.)

Surfactants in herbicide formulations eventually enter soil and may disrupt various processes. Research examined effects on nutrient uptake in corn caused by surfactants, herbicides, and surfactant-herbicide combinations applied to silt loam and silty clay loam soils in the greenhouse. Surfactants evaluated were Activator 90, Agri-Dex, and Thrust; herbicides were glyphosate, atrazine, and bentazon. Corn was planted in fertilized soils with moisture content maintained for optimum growth. Foliage (V8 growth stage) was collected for elemental analyses. Nutrient uptake differed with soil texture. Nutrient uptake from silty clay loam was more affected by surfactants and/or herbicides than in silt loam. Potassium uptake was significantly (P = 0.05) decreased in silt loam only by Thrust but uptake of phosphorus (P), potassium (K) calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) decreased by ≤30% in silty clay loam treated with surfactants. Surfactants and/or herbicides may interact with soil texture to affect nutrient uptake. Long-term field studies to validate changes in nutrient uptake and grain yields after annual applications of surfactants plus herbicides are needed.
Systematic coarse-graining methods for soft matter simulations - a review

Multiscale modelling of soft matter is an emerging field that has made rapid progress in the past decade. Several methods for systematic coarse-graining of molecular liquids and soft matter systems have been proposed in recent years. Herein, we review these methods and discuss a selected number of applications as well as limitations of the models and remaining challenges in developing representative and transferable pair potentials.
FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY IN TERRA FIRME FOREST UNDER WATER STRESS IN THE AMAZON

The studies on floristic composition are an aid in the understanding of the structure and dynamics of the plant communities, fundamental parameters for its management and conservation. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the floristic composition, species richness, Shannon’s diversity and models of species abundance over a 10-year period (2005 to 2015) in two terra firme forest areas, with and without water deficit in the soil. Data were collected in 98 subplots denominated A (control) and 98 subplots B (rainwater exclusion), each measuring 10 m x 10 m, of which plants species with diameter at breast height (DBH≥10 cm) were listed. The Fabaceae (33), Sapotaceae (27), Chrysobalanaceae (15) and Burseraceae (13) families were the most representated in the study areas. A small decrease was found in the observed species richness in area A, but the community evenness and the Shannon diversity index remained constant, and a small increase was found in the observed species richness in area B, which may have contributed to a increase in the diversity index over time. The Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot models adjusted for the plant communities of areas A and B, respectively, indicate that such areas indicate good ecological conditions for the establishment of late colonizing species. Thus, it can be inferred that water deficiency in the soil did not significantly affect the conservation of the forest under study. 1Federal University of Pará, Guamá, Belém, PA, Brasil. ORCID: 0000-0003-2959-8387a, 0000-0001-8140-4020b 2 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, São Brás, Belém, PA, Brasil. ORCID:0000-0002-6222-5534a FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY IN TERRA FIRME FOREST UNDER WATER STRESS IN THE AMAZON
EFFECT OF DUST POLLUTION ON THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF LEAVES OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA AND DALBERGIA SISSOO GROWING ALONG THE ROAD SIDE OF REWA CITY (M. P.)

Abstract: Plants growing near the roadsides absorb the pollutants at their foliar surface. In this paper, anatomical changes induced by air pollutants in Annona squamosaand Dalbergia sissoo leaves were seen. Some plant species able to absorb, detoxify and tolerate high levels of pollution. Number of stomata and epidermal cells, length and width of epidermal cells and stomatal guard cells, stomatal frequency and stomatal index of these species from highly polluted sites and low polluted sites were investigated by light microscopy. Results revealed increase in stomatal number, epidermal cells number and stomatal index and stomatal frequency in leaves with decrease in stomatal size of leaves from polluted sites as compared to control ones. These alternations in anatomical structure of leaves could be an indicator of pollution stress.
Role of plant biomass in the global environmental partitioning of chlorinated hydrocarbons

Plant biomass plays a significant role in the global environmental partitioning phenomena and plants are good indicators of tropospheric contamination levels by chlorinated hydrocarbons. In the present research 300 samples of plants were collected in 265 areas distributed worldwide and analyzed for HCB (hexachlorobenzene), {alpha}-HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane), {gamma}-HCH, p,p{prime}-DDT,o,p{prime}-DDT, and p,p{prime}-DDE (degradation product of DDT). Global HCB distribution is strongly dependent on the temperature, the HCB being present mainly in samples from cold areas. The sum of DDTs show higher concentrations in samples from topical areas, while the sum of HCHs is higher in the plants from the Northern Hemisphere. These results are discussed, taking into account the role of physicochemical properties in determining the global distribution as well as the air age of the contamination.
Optimal Placement and Sizing of Capacitors in Radial Distribution Systems: A Two-Stage Method

Optimal allocation of shunt capacitors in the radial distribution networks results in both technical and economic benefits. This paper presents a two-stage method of Loss Sensitivity Factor (LSF) and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) to find the optimal size and location of shunt capacitors with the objective of minimizing cost due to power loss and reactive power compensation of the distribution networks. The first stage utilizes the LSF to predict the potential candidate buses for shunt capacitor placement thereby reducing the search space of the second stage and avoiding unnecessary repetitive load flow while the second stage uses the CSA to find the size and actual placement of the shunt capacitors satisfying the operating constraints. The applicability of the proposed two stage method is tested on the standard IEEE 33-bus and Ayepe 34-bus Nigerian radial distribution networks of the Ibadan Electricity Distribution Company. After running the algorithm, the simulation results gave percentage real and reactive power loss reduction of 34.28% and 28.94% as compared to the base case for the IEEE 33-bus system while the percentage real and reactive power loss reduction of 22.89% and 21.40% was recorded for the Ayepe 34-bus system. Comparison of the obtained results with other techniques in literatures for the standardized IEEE 33-bus reveals the efficiency of the proposed method as it achieved technical benefits of reduced total power loss, improved voltage profile and bus voltage stability, and the economic benefit of reduced total cost due to electrical power loss and compensation.
Electron Transport and Recombination in ZnO-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

The photovoltaic performance of ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) has been studied for three different configurations involving two dyes and two types of electrolytes with the iodide/iodine as redox mediator: ZnO/N719/organic solvent electrolyte (C1), ZnO/D149/organic solvent electrolyte (C2), and ZnO/N719/ionic liquid electrolyte (C3). The DSCs were characterized by measuring current–voltage curves and photovoltage as a function of light intensity and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS), and open circuit photovoltage decay (OCVD). The results demonstrate the good light harvesting properties of the D149 dye and highlight the photovoltage limitation of the solvent-free (ionic liquid) electrolyte. The intensity dependence of the photovoltage and the OCVD, EIS, and IMVS results provide evidence of the nonlinear character of the recombination kinetics. It has been found that by com.
Prioritization and Interference of Emotional Information in Briefly Presented Scenes: Selection Advantage for Positive Emotional Scenes

Previous studies have repeatedly demonstrated the attentional prioritization of emotional information over neutral information. However, the parsing of interference from negative and positive stimuli has not received the same attention. In the study reported here, we examined the effect of real-world visual scenes of neutral, positive, and negative valence, as well as the effect of both highand low-arousal (differentially categorized based on their arousal and valence ratings) on scene gist identification. Using a partial-report paradigm, participants were asked to report the gist of a post-cued scene from a briefly-presented array of four scenes. Scene gist identification performance was significantly higher for positive scenes, regardless of arousal, than for negative scenes. All emotional scenes, regardless of valence and arousal, interfered with reporting the gist of neutral scenes. The findings support the hypothesis that emotional scenes more often interfere with processing of neutral scenes and are selectively attended to during briefly-presented scene arrays. Moreover, the results suggest that the identification and the interference of positive, higharousal scenes are prioritized in visual information processing.
Actualización del universo de marcos de trabajo de arquitectura empresarial. Identificación, caracterización y evaluación

La arquitectura empresarial se ha desarrollado en los últimos años en gran medida por el desarrollo de marcos de trabajo que contribuyen a su aplicación y estandarización. En el presente trabajo se investigó sobre el universo actual de los marcos de trabajo de arquitectura empresarial mediante su identificación, caracterización básica y evaluación. La identificación se realizó mediante el análisis de una amplia base bibliográfica y tuvo como resultado un listado final de 160 marcos de trabajo. La caracterización básica se realizó para todos los marcos identificados cubriendo los aspectos esenciales como es el año de publicación, el sector de desarrollo y el autor o propietario. Finalmente se evalúan los marcos de trabajo identificados a través de un grupo de criterios establecidos por un método específico desarrollado por el autor. En la investigación se logró abordar la variedad y diversidad actual de los marcos de trabajo de arquitectura empresarial, aportando una visión integral y abarcadora del objeto de estudio. La base de información y documentación resultante de la investigación, así como el método de evaluación propuesto, son útiles para todos los usuarios que se acercan a la arquitectura empresarial con el objetivo a encontrar respuestas a sus necesidades de mejora e iniciativas organizacionales.
Reliability Systems and Optimal Control – Goal Realization Probability

In this theoretical article is considered reliability cybernetics systems with probability theory. Optimal control and managing assigned goals of system are considered after control actions were assigned with a determined probability of realization. Real system is set of elements functionally connected in one whole for achieving determined goal using, transforming and exchanging energy, resources and informations. Real system mainly is presented as functional and physical whole. System researched by cybernetics could be school, metallic company or concrete factory. New concepts are involved in researching cybernetics systems reliability systems and optimal control. Controlling system is an action on object of control which optimized functioning of that object. Optimal control is substituted set of control actions which are got favorable optimal criterion value. Optimal criterions are considered as values of gains or value of losses. Reliability systems is property of system to realize his function or goal with some probability, having in mind reliability all of system elements. Realization wanted output or goal realization is calculated as intersection projected system parts realizations with determined probability. In this paper will be shown three different systems regarded to how they executed their controlling actions. Probability of realization system goals are calculated for two cases: maximum and minimum reliability. Intention is to show and calculate reliability systems with high human resources representation.
0D/2D Heterostructures Vertical Single Electron Transistor

Mixed‐dimensional heterostructures formed by the stacking of 2D materials with nanostructures of distinct dimensionality constitute a new class of nanomaterials that offers multifunctionality that goes beyond those of single dimensional systems. An unexplored architecture of single electron transistor (SET) is developed that employs heterostructures made of nanoclusters (0D) grown on a 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) channel. Combining the large Coulomb energy of the nanoclusters with the electronic capabilities of the 2D layer, the concept of 0D–2D vertical SET is unveiled. The MoS2 underneath serves both as a charge tunable channel interconnecting the electrode, and as bottom electrode for each v‐SET cell. In addition, its atomic thickness makes it thinner than the Debye screening length, providing electric field transparency functionality that allows for an efficient electric back gate control of the nanoclusters charge state. The Coulomb diamond pattern characteristics of SET are reported, with specific doping dependent nonlinear features arising from the 0D/2D geometry that are elucidated by theoretical modeling. These results hold promise for multifunctional single electron device taking advantage of the versatility of the 2D materials library, with as example envisioned spintronics applications while coupling quantum dots to magnetic 2D material, or to ferroelectric layers for neuromorphic devices.
Mechanism of chemiluminescent combination reactions involving oxygen atoms

The intensities Ic and Ia respectively of chemiluminescent emission by CO2 in the O+CO reaction and by NO2 in the O+NO reaction have been measured from 200 to 300 °K in a fast flow system. Both Ia and Ic were found to obey an expression of the type I = I0[O] [XO], where I0 was independent of total pressure over a similar range of low pressures. I0c was found to depend on the nature of the inert gas M used as carrier. I0a was found to have a small negative temperature coefficient similar to that of the overall reaction O + NO + M-> NO2 + M. (1a) I0c had a positive activation energy of 3.7 + 0.5 kcal/mole. The pre-exponential factors of I0a and I0a were similar and the rate constant at 293° K for the overall combination O + CO + M -> CO2 + M (1c) was less than 0.002 of that of reaction (1a). The chemiluminescent reactions proceed via three body processes, since I0 and k1 showed dependences on the nature of M for both the O + NO and O + CO reaction. A considerable fraction of the product molecules formed in both reactions is produced through the excited state from which emission occurs and the negative temperature coefficients of k1a and I0a are apparently due to redissociation of excited NO2 molecules from vibrational levels close to the dissociation limit. O + NO are stabilized into an excited state of NO2 by a third body. This state, which is the one responsible for the predissociation in the NO2 absorption spectrum , crosses the state from which emission occurs and into which excited NO2 molecules undergo rapid radiationless transitions. A similar radiationless transition occurs between triplet CO2 molecules formed in the initial combination step and the singlet state from which emission to the ground state (1E+g) takes place. Spin reversal in the O + CO reaction is therefore not a rate-controlling step for light emission nor for combination, and the activation energy observed for I0c is due to the presence of an energy barrier over which the CO2 molecule must pass to reach the stable triplet state.