Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statins and Hepatotoxicity

Since 1987, statins are among the most widely prescribed medications for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease around the world. Numerous clinical trials and extensive clinical experience have established that currently available statins have an excellent safety profile. Asymptomatic elevations in liver enzymes are common in patients treated with statins due to a pharmacodynamic effect of lipid lowering, but clinically significant liver injury is extremely rare. The incidence of significant elevation in alanine aminotransferase levels (>3 times upper limit of normal on two or more measurements) is dose-related and generally less than 3%. These asymptomatic aminotransferase elevations may occur in all lipid lowering agents including ezetimide which has no effect on liver metabolism and could be caused by changes in hepatocyte membrane composition.
Vacuum String Field Theory ancestors of the GMS solitons

: We deﬁne a sequence of VSFT D–branes whose low energy limit leads exactly to a corresponding sequence of GMS solitons. The D–branes are deﬁned by acting on a ﬁxed VSFT lump with operators deﬁned by means of Laguerre polynomials whose argument is quadratic in the string creation operators. The states obtained in this way form an algebra under the SFT star product, which is isomorphic to a corresponding algebra of GMS solitons under the Moyal product. In order to obtain a regularized ﬁeld theory limit we embed the theory in a constant background B ﬁeld.
The 1-1000 micron SEDs of far-infrared galaxies

Galaxies selected at 170 µ m by the ISO FIRBACK survey represent the brightest ∼ 10% of the Cosmic Infrared Background. Examining their nature in detail is therefore crucial for constraining models of galaxy evolution. Here we combine Spitzer archival data with previous near-IR, far-IR, and sub-mm observations of a representative sample of 22 FIRBACK galaxies spanning three orders of magnitude in infrared luminosity. We ﬁt a ﬂexible, multi-component, empirical SED model of star-forming galaxies designed to model the entire ∼ 1 – 1000 µ m wavelength range. The ﬁts are performed with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach, allowing for meaningful uncertainties to be derived. This approach also highlights degeneracies such as between T d and β , which we discuss in detail. From these ﬁts and standard relations we derive: L IR , L PAH , SFR, τ V , M ∗ , M dust , T d , and β . We look at a variety of correlations between these and combinations thereof in order to examine the physical nature of these galaxies. Our conclusions are supplemented by morphological examination of the sources, and comparison with local samples. We ﬁnd the bulk of our sample to be consistent with fairly standard size and mass disk galaxies with somewhat enhanced star-formation relative to local spirals, but likely not bona ﬁde starbursts. A few higher- z LIGs and ULIGs are also present, but contrary to expectation, they are weak mid-IR emitters and overall are consistent with star-formation over an extended cold region rather than concentrated in the nuclear regions. We discuss the implications of this study for understanding populations de-tected at other wavelengths, such as the bright 850 µ m SCUBA sources or the faint Spitzer 24 µ m sources.
Optimising treatment outcomes using Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer

Aims: to optimise linear accelerator-based prostate stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) through planning studies, tumour control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) calculations and radiation-induced second primary cancer (RISPC) risk assessment. Methods: A planning study was performed to develop a class solution for prostate SABR. A second planning study delivered boosts to dominant intra-prostatic lesions (DILs) and TCP and NTCP were calculated. A third planning study compared prostate SABR planning using flattened and flattening filter free (FFF) beams. A systematic review examined RISPC risk following prostate radiotherapy. A final study estimated RISPC risks following prostate SABR in comparison to other contemporary radiation techniques. Results: Prostate SABR was optimal using a single anterior arc which resulted in highly conformal plans, lower rectal doses and improved delivery times and monitor unit requirements for most patients. Boosting DILs resulted in small TCP increases, but the benefit was offset by increases in NTCP. SABR to the whole prostate without DIL boosting resulted in high TCP and low NTCP. Plans using flattened and FFF beams were dosimetrically similar but FFF resulted in reduced delivery times. Clinical evidence, largely based on older radiation techniques, suggests that prostate radiotherapy increases RISPC risk. Clinical evidence concerning risk following modern techniques is too immature to draw firm conclusions. The final study demonstrated that SABR techniques resulted in lower estimated RISPC risks in all organs compared to conventionally fractionated techniques, while FFF techniques reduced RISPC risks in out-of-field organs. Conclusions: Linear accelerator-based prostate SABR delivered with a single partial arc is optimal and high levels of TCP and low levels of NTCP are predicted from whole prostate SABR. FFF allows faster treatment delivery. Second malignancy risk is lower using SABR, particularly with FFF, compared to conventionally fractionated techniques. Phase III trials are required to investigate prostate SABR in practice.
Ultra high energy neutrinos from hidden-sector topological defects

We study Topological Defects (TD) in hidden (mirror) matter as possible sources of ultra-high energy neutrinos. The hidden/mirror and ordinary matter are assumed to interact very weakly through gravity or superheavy particles. An inﬂationary scenario is outlined in which superheavy defects are formed in hidden/mirror matter (and not in ordinary matter), and at the same time the density of mirror matter produced at the end of inﬂation is much smaller than that of ordinary matter. Superheavy particles produced by hidden-sector TD and the products of their decays are all sterile in our world. Only mirror neutrinos oscillate into ordinary neutrinos. We show that oscillations with maximal mixing of neutrinos from both worlds are possible and that values of ∆ m 2 , needed for for solution of solar-neutrino and atmospheric-neutrino problems, allow the oscillation of ultra-high energy neutrinos on a timescale of the age of the Universe. A model of mass-degenerate visible and mirror neutrinos with maximal mixing is constructed. Constraints on UHE neutrino ﬂuxes are obtained. The estimated ﬂuxes can be 3 orders of magnitude higher than those from ordinary matter. Detection of these ﬂuxes is brieﬂy discussed.
Stability of daptomycin in peritoneal dialysis solutions packaged in dual-compartment infusion bags

Background Intraperitoneal daptomycin is used for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis caused by vancomycin-resistant bacteria. This study investigated the stability of daptomycin in a pH-neutral PD solution. Methods Reconstituted solution of daptomycin was added to a total of nine PD bags to obtain a concentration of 20 mg/L and stored at 1 of 3 different temperatures: 4 or 25°C for up to 168 h or 37°C for up to 48 h. Stabilities were determined by visual inspection, pH measurement and high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Daptomycin retained more than 90% of its initial concentration for 120, 72 and 12 h at 4°C, 25°C and 37°C, respectively. No physical precipitation or pH change was observed during the study. Conclusions Daptomycin in a pH-neutral PD solution is physically and chemically stable for 120 and 12 h at 4°C and 37°C, respectively.
Interactive restriction of a mobile robot's workspace in a smart home environment

Virtual borders are employed to allow humans the interactive and flexible restriction of their mobile robots' workspaces in human-centered environments, e.g. to exclude privacy zones from the workspace or to indicate certain areas for working. They have been successfully specified in interaction processes using methods from human-robot interaction. However, these methods often lack an expressive feedback system, are restricted to robot's on-board interaction capabilities and require a direct line of sight between human and robot. This negatively affects the user experience and interaction time. Therefore, we investigate the effect of a smart environment on the teaching of virtual borders with the objective to enhance the perceptual and interaction capabilities of a robot. For this purpose, we propose a novel interaction method based on a laser pointer, that leverages a smart home environment in the interaction process. This interaction method comprises an architecture for a smart home environment designed to support the interaction process, the cooperation of human, robot and smart environment in the interaction process, a cooperative perception including stationary and mobile cameras to perceive laser spots and an algorithm to extract virtual borders from multiple camera observations. The results of an experimental evaluation support our hypotheses that our novel interaction method features a significantly shorter interaction time and a better user experience compared to an approach without support of a smart environment. Moreover, the interaction method does not negatively affect other user requirements concerning completeness and accuracy.
Search for cold gas in strong MgII absorbers at 0.5

We report 4 new detections of 21-cm absorption from a systematic search of 21-cm absorption in a sample of 17 strong (Wr(MgII 2796)>1A) intervening MgII absorbers at 0.5 100 km/s are mainly seen towards the quasars with extended radio morphology at arcsecond scales. However, we do not find any correlation between the integrated 21-cm optical depth or DeltaV with the LS measured from the milliarcsecond scale images. All this can be understood if the absorbing gas is patchy with a typical correlation length of ~30-100 pc. We show that within the measurement uncertainty, the 21-cm detection rate in strong MgII systems is constant over 0.5<z<1.5, i.e., over ~30% of the total age of universe. We show that the detection rate can be underestimated by up to a factor 2 if 21-cm optical depths are not corrected for the partial coverage estimated using milliarcsecond scale maps. Since stellar feedback processes are expected to diminish the filling factor of cold neutral medium over 0.5<z<1, this lack of evolution in the 21-cm detection rate in strong MgII absorbers is intriguing. [abridged]
On the storage and retrieval of primes and other random numbers using n-dimensional geometry

We show that if you represent all primes with less than n-digits as points in n-dimensional space, then they can be stored and retrieved conveniently using n-dimensional geometry. Also once you have calculated all the prime numbers less than n digits, it is very easy to find out if a given number having less than n-digits is or is not a prime. We do this by separating all the primes which are represented by points in n-dimension space by planes. It so turns out that the number of planes q, required to separate all the points represented by primes less than n-digit, are very few in number. Thus we obtain a very efficient storage and retrieval system in n-dimensional space. In addition the storage and retieval repository has the property that when new primes are added there is no need to start all over, we can begin where we last left off and add the new primes in the repository and add new planes that separate them as and when necessary. Also we can arrange matters such that the repository can begin to accept larger primes which has more digits say n' where n' > n. The algorithm does not make use of any property of prime numbers or of integers in general,except for the fact that any n-digit integer can be represented as a point in n-dimension space. Therefore the method can serve to be a storage and retrieval repository of any set of given integers, in practical cases they can represent information. Thus the algorithm can be used to devise a very efficient storage and retrieval system for large amounts of digital data.
A Computational Framework for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction of Large Data Sets: The Exploratory Inspection Machine (XIM)

In this paper, we present a novel computational framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction which is specifically suited to process large data sets: the Exploratory Inspection Machine (XIM). XIM introduces a conceptual cross-link between hitherto separate domains of machine learning, namely topographic vector quantization and divergence-based neighbor embedding approaches. There are three ways to conceptualize XIM, namely (i) as the inversion of the Exploratory Observation Machine (XOM) and its variants, such as Neighbor Embedding XOM (NE-XOM), (ii) as a powerful optimization scheme for divergence-based neighbor embedding cost functions inspired by Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (SNE) and its variants, such as t-distributed SNE (t-SNE), and (iii) as an extension of topographic vector quantization methods, such as the Self-Organizing Map (SOM). By preserving both global and local data structure, XIM combines the virtues of classical and advanced recent embedding methods. It permits direct visualization of large data collections without the need for prior data reduction. Finally, XIM can contribute to many application domains of data analysis and visualization important throughout the sciences and engineering, such as pattern matching, constrained incremental learning, data clustering, and the analysis of non-metric dissimilarity data.
LOCUS OF EMETIC ACTION OF EPINEPHRINE AND DOPA IN DOGS

Intravenous injection of epinephrine and dopa induced vomiting in dogs after an average latency of 70 seconds and 117 seconds, respectively. The ED50 of epinephrine HCl and dopa in provoking emesis in dogs is 0.052 mg/kg and 0.79 mg/kg, respectively. Epinephrine is 15.0 times more potent than dopa in inducing emesis. Epinephrine-induced emesis was only inconsistently blocked by trigger zone ablation. There was no correlation between the elevation of emetic threshold to epinephrine and the elevation of the apomorphine threshold or the completeness of trigger zone ablation. On the other hand, the same operation renders dogs completely refractory to dopa-induced emesis. Gut denervation did not alter its threshold. These results suggest that dopa, like apomorphine, provokes emesis only via the trigger mechanism. Perphenazine was highly effective in preventing emesis induced by dopa, but not as effective in preventing that caused by epinephrine. On the other hand, the antiemetic effects of glycine against dopa and epinephrine do not differ. Atropine exerted no antiemetic effect on epinephrine-induced emesis.
Centralized Integrated Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios

Spectrum sensing is the challenge for cognitive radio design and implementation, which allows the secondary user to access the primary bands without interference with primary users. Cognitive radios should decide on the best spectrum band to meet the Quality of service requirements over all available spectrum bands. This paper investigates the integrated centralized spectrum sensing techniques in multipath fading environment and the performance was analyzed with energy detection and wavelet based sensing techniques for unknown signal.
Non-thermal hard X-ray emission in galaxy clusters observed with the BeppoSAX PDS

We study the X-ray emission in a sample of galaxy clusters using the BeppoSAX PDS instrument in the 20 – 80 keV energy band. We estimate the non-thermal hard X-ray cluster emission (HXR) by modeling the thermal contribution from the cluster gas and the non-thermal contamination from the unobscured AGN in the clusters. We also evaluate the systematic uncertainties due to the background ﬂuctuations. Assuming negligible contamination from the obscured AGN, the resulting non-thermal component is detected at a 2 σ level in ∼ 50% of the non-signiﬁcantly AGN-contaminated clusters: A2142, A2199, A2256, A3376, Coma, Ophiuchus and Virgo. The data are consistent with a scenario whereby relaxed clusters have no hard X-ray component of non-thermal origin, whereas merger clusters do, with a 20 – 80 keV luminosity of ∼ 10 43 − 44 h − 2 50 erg s − 1 . The co-added spectrum of the above clusters indicates a power-law spectrum for the HXR with a photon index of 2.8 +0 . 3 − 0 . 4 in the 12 – 115 keV band, and we ﬁnd indication that it has extended distribution. These indications argue against signiﬁcant contamination from obscured AGN, which have harder spectra and centrally concentrated distribution. These results are supportive of the assumption of the merger shock acceleration of electrons in clusters, which has been proposed as a possible origin of the non-thermal hard X-ray emission models. Assuming that the Cosmic Microwave Background photons experience Inverse Compton scattering from the merger-accelerated relativistic electrons, and thus produce the observed HXR, the measured hard X-ray slope corresponds to a diﬀerential momentum spectra of the relativistic electrons with a slope of µ = 3.8 – 5.0. In presence of cluster magnetic ﬁelds this relativistic electron population produces synchrotron emission with a spectral index of 1.4 – 2.1, consistent with radio halo observations of merger clusters. Thus both hard X-ray and radio observations of merger clusters are consistent with the Inverse Compton model. The observed slope of HXR is also consistent with that predicted by the non-thermal bremsstrahlung, which thus cannot be ruled by the ﬁt to the current data, even though this model requires an extreme, untenable cluster energetics. Assuming centrally concentrated distribution of HXR, the data requires a harder slope for the HXR spectrum, which is consistent with secondary electron models, but this model yields a worse ﬁt to the PDS data and thus seems to be disfavored over the primary electron Inverse Compton model. keV band. “AGN” gives the estimated AGN contribution to PDS 20 – 80 keV band. HXR and CL HXR give the non-thermal, AGN subtracted count rate with 1 σ errors, and its conﬁdence level. HXR 90 gives the 90% conﬁdence upper limit of the count rate of the non-thermal emission. L HXR gives the luminosity of the AGN subtracted non-thermal component, obtained by normalizing a power-law with photon index α ph = 2.0 to HXR, and its 1 σ uncertainties. L HXR 90 gives the the 90% conﬁdence upper limit of the HXR luminosity.
Hubungan Hasil Uji Tusuk Kulit Alergen Nyamuk terhadap Keparahan Klinis Dermatitis Atopik di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang

Dermatitis atopik (DA) merupakan inflamasi kulit yang kronik residif. Salah satu etiologi DA yaitu sensitisasi alergen. Alergi nyamuk disebabkan sensitisasi terhadap alergen nyamuk (protein saliva nyamuk) yang menimbulkan respon IgE spesifik sehingga dapat didiagnosis dengan uji tusuk kulit. Respon IgE spesifik diduga berperan terhadap keparahan klinis DA. Meneliti hubungan hasil uji tusuk kulit alergen nyamuk dengan keparahan klinis DA di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Penelitian observasional analitik laboratorik dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang dilaksanakan mulai Agustus hingga Oktober 2011 di Poliklinik IKKK Divisi Alergo-Imunologi RSUP MH Palembang. Total pasien 80 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dipilih secara consecutive random sampling . Uji tusuk kulit alergen nyamuk dilakukan pada semua pasien kemudian dinilai keparahan klinis berdasarkan Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD). Uji tusuk kulit alergen nyamuk yang positif ditemukan pada 75% pasien dan terdapat perbedaan proporsi hasil uji tusuk kulit alergen nyamuk pada berbagai tingkat keparahan klinis DA (p=0.000). Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara hasil uji tusuk kulit alergen nyamuk dengan keparahan klinis DA (p=0.000). SCORAD dapat diprediksi menggunakan rumus regresi ganda 16.394 + (4.792 x hasil uji tusuk kulit alergen nyamuk). Alergi nyamuk mempengaruhi keparahan klinis DA.
Strongly homotopy algebras of a K\"ahler manifold

It is shown that any compact K\"ahler manifold $M$ gives canonically rise to two strongly homotopy algebras, the first one being associated with the Hodge theory of the de Rham complex and the second one with the Hodge theory of the Dolbeault complex. In these algebras the product of two harmonic differential forms is again harmonic. If $M$ happens to be a Calabi-Yau manifold, there exists a third strongly homotopy algebra closely related to the Barannikov-Kontsevich extended moduli space of complex structures.
Visual wound-assessment by population groups with different educational backgrounds

Summary The documentation of chronic wounds is presently carried out by a number of different occupational groups, partly with considerable differences in knowledge. Besides testing the quality of judgement, the aim of our clinical study was therefore also to test the reproducibility of the visual wound assessment by population groups with different educational backgrounds. Participants, material, methods: The subjects, belonging to population groups; experts, doctors, nursing services, hospital nursing staff and laities, were required to assess all relevant parameters of wound assessment at two different points in time. A newly developed digital, colorimetric wound documentation system was used as an objective reference. Results: The wound assessment was evaluated both intra-individually as well as inter-individually. A noticeably better quality of assessment of objective parameters, such as length, breadth, surface, wound stage and wound infection, was shown by the population groups with previous experience, both in the single and two phase analysis. The wound coating assessments of all population groups were equally inaccurate at both points in time. Conclusion: Consequently, it may be concluded that it is not possible to attain sufficient, reliable and adequate wound documentation without technical aids, for example a digital photo documentation. Especially the assessment of the wound surface and coating is of an insufficient standard, whether carried out at a specific point in time or in a sequence.
Note on the Infiniteness and Equivalence Problems for Word-MIX Languages.

In this note we provide a (decidable) graph-structural characterisation of the infiniteness of $L(w_1, ., w_k)$, where $L(w_1, ., w_k) = \{w \in A^* | |w|_{w_1} = \cdots = |w|_{w_k}\}$ is the set of all words that contain the same number of subword occurrences of parameter words $w_1, . , w_k$. We also provide the decidable characterisation of the equivalence for those languages. Although those two decidability results are also obtained from more general known decidability results on unambiguous constrained automata, this note tries to give a self-contained (without the knowledge about constrained automata) proof of the decidability.
Recruitment and some other features of reflex inhibition

The present paper deals with some features of inhibitory relaxation of muscular contraction as observable in the knee extensor (decerebrate cat) when the crossed extensor reflex is subjected to inhibition by stimulation of an afferent nerve of the ipsilateral limb. The myograms have been obtained with the isometric optical myograph described in a previous paper, and the method of preparation, etc., has been as before. I. Relaxation-speed under Strong Inhibition . The speed of the muscular relaxation produced by the inhibition is often notably high. It then compares in rate with that of the lapse of a peripheral tetanus at cessation of the faradic stimulation of the muscle’s motor nerve (19).