Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mold spoilage of bread and its biopreservation: A review of current strategies for bread shelf life extension

ABSTRACT Microbial spoilage of bread and the consequent waste problem causes large economic losses for both the bakery industry and the consumer. Furthermore the presence of mycotoxins due to fungal contamination in cereals and cereal products remains a significant issue. The use of conventional chemical preservatives has several drawbacks, necessitating the development of clean-label alternatives. In this review, we describe current research aiming to extend the shelf life of bread through the use of more consumer friendly and ecologically sustainable preservation techniques as alternatives to chemical additives. Studies on the in situ-production/-expression of antifungal compounds are presented, with special attention given to recent developments over the past decade. Sourdough fermented with antifungal strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is an area of increasing focus and serves as a high-potential biological ingredient to produce gluten-containing and gluten-free breads with improved nutritional value, quality and safety due to shelf-life extension, and is in-line with consumer's demands for more products containing less additives. Other alternative biopreservation techniques include the utilization of antifungal peptides, ethanol and plant extracts. These can be added to bread formulations or incorporated in antimicrobial films for active packaging (AP) of bread. This review outlines recent progress that has been made in the area of bread biopreservation and future perspectives in this important area.
Limb position sense, proprioceptive drift and muscle thixotropy at the human elbow joint

When a blindfolded subject holds his or her arm at a particular angle, its reported position shifts over time; this is known as proprioceptive drift. Here, we show that in relation to position sense at the elbow, the direction of perceived shifts is consistent with adaptation in discharge levels of sensory receptors in elbow muscles. Raising or lowering receptor discharge levels by similar amounts in opposing muscles at the elbow using muscle conditioning abolishes proprioceptive drift, but large position errors may result. The present experiments provide an explanation for proprioceptive drift and indicate that, in a forearm position‐matching task, the brain is not concerned with actual discharge levels from arm muscles, but with their difference.
WR‐1065, an active metabolite of the cytoprotector amifostine, affects phosphorylation of topoisomerase IIα leading to changes in enzyme activity and cell cycle progression in CHO AA8 cells

The effects of WR‐1065 (2‐((aminopropyl)amino)ethanethiol) on cell cycle progression, topoisomerase (topo) IIα activity, and topo IIα phosphorylation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been investigated. Exposure of CHO cells to 0.4 μm of WR‐1065 for 30 min did not effect cell cycle progression nor topo IIaL activity and phosphorylation status. However, concentrations ranging from 4 μm to 4 mm were equally effective in significantly altering these three end points. Cell cycle progression was analysed by flow cytometry. Following a 30 min exposure to this range of concentrations, cells redistributed throughout the cell cycle with the most prominent changes being an accumulation of cells in G2. Topo IIα activity was measured using a kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) decatenation assay. Enzyme activity was reduced by 50% relative to control levels throughout the 4 μm to 4 mm dose range tested. Likewise, topo IIα phosphorylation levels, analysed using an immuno‐precipitation assay and an antibody specific to the 170 kDa band of topo II, decreased between 42% to 48% of control levels. Inhibition of topo IIα activity in cells exposed to WR‐1065 is consistent with the associated observation of WR‐1065 mediated cell cycle progression delay and build‐up of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
Myocardial Ischemia with Cannabinoid Use in an Adolescent

A 16-year-old male presented to the emergency department with chest pain after smoking a synthetic cannabinoid from a vape pen. He had rising troponin I levels, and his exercise stress echocardiogram showed distal apical and septal hypokinesis that resolved at six-month follow-up. This case report raises concern about cardiac ischemia related to synthetic cannabinoid abuse in the pediatric population in the current era of cannabis legalization.
Fitting Network Data Based on Latent Cluster Model

In the last ten years, social network analysis became a very popular topic in many different scientific fields, network models are also widely popular for representing the relationship of the network data. Network data exhibits transitivity and homophily of the actors. There exist many distance computation methods for the actors space distance, and two of them are the most famous for the latent position cluster model, here we used the latent cluster model which focus on clusters of actors or ties. In this paper, we compared two distance definition methods with different latent position cluster method, the two-stage method with Euclidean distance(TMED) model and the bayesian estimation method with Bilinear latent(BEBL) model. The model make simulate the network dataset easy, and compared the mcmc diagnostics.
Multisource feedback for residents: how high must the stakes be?

Miller's pyramid of competence (figure) provides a useful 4-level model for the assessment of learners. The “does” level at the top of the pyramid is the real world. It is the most authentic and valid level above the “knows,” “knows how,” and “shows how” levels.1 At the top of the pyramid, above the clouds of the structured educational world of tests and simulations, assessment focuses on what our trainees do in practice. How do we evaluate this, and what information can we provide them to guide further learning and professional development?
Birt Hogg‐Dubé syndrome‐associated FLCN mutations disrupt protein stability

Germline mutations in the FLCN gene cause Birt‐Hogg‐Dubé syndrome, familial spontaneous pneumothorax, or apparently nonsyndromic inherited RCC. The vast majority of reported FLCN mutations are predicted to result in a truncated/absent gene product and so infrequent missense and inframe‐deletion (IFD) FLCN mutations might indicate critical functional domains. To investigate this hypothesis we (1) undertook an in silico evolutionary analysis of the FLCN sequence and (2) investigated in vitro the functional effects of naturally occurring FLCN missense/IFD mutations. The folliculin protein sequence evolved more slowly and was under stronger purifying selection than the average gene, most notably at a region between codons 100 and 230. Pathogenic missense and IFD FLCN mutations that impaired folliculin tumor suppressor function significantly disrupted the stability of the FLCN gene product but two missense substitutions initially considered to be putative mutations did not impair protein stability, growth suppression activity, or intracellular localization of folliculin. These findings are consistent with the distribution of FLCN mutations throughout the coding sequence, and suggest that multiple protein domains contribute to folliculin stability and tumor suppressor activity. In vitro assessment of protein stability and tumor suppressor activity provides a practical strategy for assessing the pathogenicity of potential FLCN mutations. Hum Mutat 32:1–9, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quiz corner.

Une infection a' Chlamydia psittaci peut e^tre confirme'e par a. un titre e'leve' d'un e'chantillon unique de se'rum a' la suite du test d'agglutination au latex. b. un titre e'leve' d'un e'chantillon unique de se'rum a la suite d'une me'thode immunoenzymatique compe'titive. c. un titre e'leve' du 2e e'chantillon d'une paire d'e'chantillons a' la suite de lafixation du comple'ment. d. une augmentation par unfacteur de 4 dans le titre du 2e &echantillon d'une paire d'e'chantillons. e. n'importe quel titre d'un echantillon de se'rum a' la suite d'un test quelconque.
Die Berührungsdauer eines Button-Klicks bei stationären Touchscreens

Touchscreens werden zunehmend in alltäglichen Geräten eingesetzt, wobei das Gefühl konventioneller Tasten verloren geht. Eine künstlich generierte haptische Rückmeldung kann nur während der Zeit vermittelt werden, in der ein Finger auf der Touchscreen-Oberfläche verweilt. Mit Hilfe von 53 Versuchsteilnehmern und über 5600 einzelnen Button-Klicks wurde die Berührungsdauer für unterschiedliche Einflussfaktoren von stationären Touchscreens (Neigung, Buttongröße sowie Nutzerposition) ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine durchschnittliche Berührungsdauer von 169 ms sowie eine minimale Berührungsdauer von 80 ms auf einer Touchscreen-Oberfläche. Die Berührungsdauer ist sowohl von der Neigung eines Touchscreens als auch von der Buttongröße abhängig und liefert Erkenntnisse für die Gestaltung einer wahrnehmbaren haptischen Rückmeldung von stationären Touchscreens.
Experimental and Modeling Study of Breakup Behavior in Silicone Jet Dispensing for Light-Emitting Diode Packaging

Silicone jet dispensing has grown increasingly common in light-emitting diode (LED) packaging owing to its high speed and low cost. However, differences in breakup behavior result in different silicone jetting volumes that create challenges in maintaining dispensing volume consistency during silicone jet dispensing process; this severely affects the performance of LED packaging. To reveal the breakup behavior during the jet dispensing process, the experimental and modeling studies were conducted. First, the ultrafast breakup process was experimentally observed using a high-speed camera, which shows that this process only requires approximately 50 ms. Then, an analytical model was developed and verified through an experiment. Using this analytical model, the effects of initial disturbance amplitude, initial disturbance wavelength, and thread length on the thread breakup were studied. The simulation demonstrated that it is necessary to control the disturbance amplitude under 0.005 for volume consistency in jet dispensing; thus, a moving work piece rather than a moving nozzle is recommended in jet dispensing. A disturbance wavelength between 0.3 and 0.6 mm is beneficial for both thread breakup and high-volume consistency. Thread length has little effect on the breakup position but significant effects on the volume consistency and breakup time. A low substrate increases the volume and the consistency of thread breakup. This paper will provide a useful guide for dispenser designs of modern LED packages.
Distribution and synaptic organization of serotoninergic and noradrenergic axons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat

Antisera raised against the monoamines serotonin (5‐HT) and noradrenaline (NA) were employed in a study designed to provide a detailed description of the distribution, morphology, and synaptic organization of the serotoninergic and noradrenergic afferents in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the rat. The distribution patterns of the two types of immunoreactive fibers were distinct and largely complementary to each other. NA axons were particularly concentrated in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd), with the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGv) and the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) receiving substantially fewer fibers. In contrast, 5‐HT axons, although present throughout the LGN, were preferentially concentrated in the LGv and IGL.
Statistical parametric mapping (SPM)

Statistical parametric mapping is the application of Random Field Theory to make inferences about the topological features of statistical processes that are continuous functions of space or time. It is usually used to identify regionally specific effects (e.g., brain activations) in neuroimaging data to characterize functional anatomy and disease-related changes.
How reliable and accurate is the AO/OTA comprehensive classification for adult long-bone fractures?

BACKGROUND Reliable classification of fractures is important for treatment allocation and study comparisons. The overall accuracy of scoring applied to a general population of fractures is little known. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy and reliability of the comprehensive Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopedic Trauma Association classification for adult long-bone fractures and identify factors associated with poor coding agreement. METHODS Adults (>16 years) with long-bone fractures coded in a Fracture and Dislocation Registry at the Stavanger University Hospital during the fiscal year 2008 were included. An unblinded reference code dataset was generated for the overall accuracy assessment by two experienced orthopedic trauma surgeons. Blinded analysis of intrarater reliability was performed by rescoring and of interrater reliability by recoding of a randomly selected fracture sample. Proportion of agreement (PA) and kappa (&kgr;) statistics are presented. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses of factors predicting accuracy were performed. RESULTS During the study period, 949 fractures were included and coded by 26 surgeons. For the intrarater analysis, overall agreements were &kgr; = 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–0.70) and PA 69%. For interrater assessment, &kgr; = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.62–0.72) and PA 69%. The accuracy of surgeons’ blinded recoding was &kgr; = 0.68 (95% CI: 0.65– 0.71) and PA 68%. Fracture type, frequency of the fracture, and segment fractured significantly influenced accuracy whereas the coder’s experience did not. CONCLUSIONS Both the reliability and accuracy of the comprehensive Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopedic Trauma Association classification for long-bone fractures ranged from substantial to excellent. Variations in coding accuracy seem to be related more to the fracture itself than the surgeon. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic study, level I.
he social smart grid : Dealing with constrained energy resources hrough social coordination

The smart grid promises to improve the efficiency and reliability of tomorrow’s energy supply. One of the biggest achievements of future smart grids will be their distributed mode of operation which effectively eliminates vulnerable nodes causing single points of failures in the grid. However, due to the lack of centralized energy production and control, the coordination of energy consumption becomes first priority. Because there do not exist technologies to store energy at large-scale yet, all energy that is required must be produced at the same time. The biggest challenge of energy producers is therefore to reliably predict and provide the right amount of required energy to avoid shortages and breakdowns. In this paper, we propose a novel way to let smart grid stakeholders, i.e., energy producers and consumers, coordinate their energy demands themselves. For that purpose we combine traditional social network models and service-oriented computing concepts with the smart grid to allow consumers to form communities according to their energy consumption behavior. These communities enable them to interact with other grid stakeholders to coordinate energy consumption plans and set up private energy sharing alliances. This way, the utility provider and industrial energy producers can rely on a better predictable and a smoother energy demand of customers. We introduce a software framework, making use of widely adopted standards, demonstrate its feasibility with an agent-based simulation, and discuss its overall applicability.
Sodium channels in cultured cardiac cells.

Primary cardiac cell cultures were prepared from the hearts of neonatal rats. The patch‐clamp method (Hamill, Marty, Neher, Sakmann & Sigworth, 1981) was applied for studying whole‐cell Na+ currents and single‐channel Na+ currents, respectively. Whole‐cell recordings yielded voltage‐ and time‐dependent Na+ currents which could be blocked by tetrodotoxin. Single‐channel Na+ currents were directly compared in cell‐attached patches and in inside‐out patches. In cell‐attached patches the elementary current was about ‐1 pA at ‐10 mV and the slope conductance over a 50 mV voltage range was 15.1 +/‐ 1.6 pS (mean +/‐ S.D.). Inactivation during depolarization and after conditioning clamp steps, in the steady state, resulted from a reduced opening probability of Na+ channels. In inside‐out patches, with identical solutions at both membrane surfaces, there was a large (40‐50 mV) shift of channel opening and inactivation kinetics towards more negative potentials. However, for levels of comparable opening probabilities, mean open times of Na+ channels were similar in cell‐attached and inside‐out patches. Tetrodotoxin (10‐20 microM) had no effect on Na+ channels when applied from the inside, but blocked them completely after application to the outside membrane surface.
Preventing DoS Attack on Hidden Credentials

Using hidden credentials, strangers in open environments can establish trust without actually disclosing credentials and policies. However, traditional negotiation protocols with hidden credentials are not satisfactory in that they can't prevent malicious users from tampering negotiation messages or flooding error messages to the recipient. Both of these efforts add the recipient's computational overhead and can cause denial of service (DoS) attack. In this paper we analyze the weaknesses of a single round protocol using hidden credentials and propose an improved trust negotiation protocol to defense against DoS attack on hidden credentials. The proposed protocol can help the recipient to recognize modified messages and authenticate the sender. We also present detailed security analysis for our protocol, and show that our protocol is secure against tampering and flooding aggression.
Imparting Temperature Sensitivity and Attenuation in Ferrets to A/Puerto Rico/8/34 Influenza Virus by Transferring the Genetic Signature for Temperature Sensitivity from Cold-Adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60

ABSTRACT The four temperature-sensitive (ts) loci identified in the PB1 and PB2 gene segments of cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 influenza virus, the master donor virus for influenza A virus (MDV-A) FluMist vaccines, were introduced into a divergent A/Puerto Rico/8/34 influenza virus strain. Recombinant A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus with these four introduced ts loci exhibited both ts and att phenotypes similar to those of MDV-A, which could be used as a donor virus for manufacturing large quantities of inactivated influenza virus vaccine against potential pandemic strains.
Product Experience Wall: A Context-adaptive Outfit Recommender System

This paper presents research in progress and describes the concept and prototype of the so called “Product Experience Wall”, an interactive and context-adaptive outfit recommendation system for retail fashion stores. The goal is to design an experiential system that serves both, functional and hedonic needs. Context adaption allows pro-actively approaching the user and recommending products based on the respective user context. Next to face detection algorithms, we use RFID sensors and interfaces to external data sources (e.g., weather information) to create a unique customer experience. This experience is furthermore supported by displaying product combinations on virtual, life-size avatars. The core functionality of the concept is based on the findings of qualitative interviews performed amongst 6 experts and 80 customers.
New Approaches to Diagnosis and Therapy of Tularemia

Abstract: Francisella tularensis is a potent pathogen and a cause of severe human disease. The outcome of tularemia will depend on rapid insertion of appropriate antibiotics. Until recently, effective clinical handling was hampered by shortcomings in laboratory diagnostics. No suitable direct methods were available and, because of risks and isolate recovery difficulties associated with laboratory work, culture has been rarely practiced. Due to achievements from work on modern technology, however, tularemia can now be rapidly and specifically diagnosed. Conventional PCR has been successfully applied on wound specimens of patients acquiring tularemia, and prospects for application on other human specimens are promising. Besides allowing diagnostics at high sensitivity and specificity, the PCR technology will also facilitate the identification of cases of tularemia presenting with aberrant signs and symptoms. Antibiotics for efficacious treatment of tularemia have been available for several decades. Although highly valuable, these drugs are afflicted with adverse effects and/or are available only for parenteral therapy. Recently, quinolones have been shown to afford a new valuable option for treatment of tularemia caused by F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (type B). Experience in treating more severe disease caused by F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) is currently limited. In essence, the clinical handling of tularemia is currently facilitated by new achievements in molecular diagnostics and, at least with regard to type B tularemia, by the introduction of quinolones for therapy.
Alginate Microspheres Comprising Multilayered Assemblies of Cresol Red and Polyelectrolytes Towards an Optical Urea Biosensor

An absorbance based enzymatic sensor for the determination of urea has been described. The sensing principle of the present device is based upon the measurement (spectrophotometrically) of the pH change produced in the aqueous environment by the products of the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of urea. Cresol red (CR) dye has been used in the present work to observe the change in the pH produced by the formation of ammonia in the aqueous medium. Immobilization of urease enzyme has been accomplished in the alginate microspheres and multilayer nanofilms of poly (allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) polyelectrolytes pre-mixed with the CR dye molecules were assembled on the microspheres using Layer-by-Layer (LbL) self-assembly technique. The size of the microspheres was determined to be in the range of 50-80 mum and the immobilized dye molecules were characterized using fluorescence microscopy. The enzyme activity experiments have been performed with urease in solution as well as in the immobilized form in the microspheres. Thereafter, a calibration curve for different concentrations of urea (0.16-6.7 mM) was prepared and compared with the validation curve obtained for urease immobilized particles along with cresol red in the multilayers. Urea sensing results demonstrate that per mM increase in the urea concentration corresponds to an increase of ~1.38 absorbance ratio units.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis Is Associated With Ureaplasma Colonization in Preterm Infants

The study objective was to determine whether Ureaplasma respiratory tract colonization of preterm infants <33 wk gestation is associated with an increased risk for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). One or more tracheal or nasopharyngeal aspirates for Ureaplasma culture and PCR were obtained during the first week of life from 368 infants <33 wk gestation enrolled from 1999 to 2003 or from 2007 to 2009. NEC Bell stage ≥2 was confirmed by radiological criteria, and pathology, if available. Cord serum samples were analyzed for IL-6 and IL-1β concentrations, and placentas were reviewed for histological chorioamnionitis in the first cohort. NEC was confirmed in 29 of 368 (7.9%) of the combined cohorts. The incidence of NEC was 2.2-fold higher in Ureaplasma-positive (12.3%) than Ureaplasma-negative (5.5%) infants <33 wk (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.13–5.2; p = 0.023) and 3.3-fold higher in Ureaplasma-positive (14.6%) than Ureaplasma-negative (4.4%) infants ≤28 wk (OR, 3.67; 95% CI, 1.36–9.93; p = 0.01). Age of onset, hematologic parameters at onset, and NEC severity were similar between Ureaplasma-positive and negative infants. Cord serum IL-6 and IL-1β concentrations were significantly higher in Ureaplasma-positive than in Ureaplasma-negative NEC-affected infants. Ureaplasma may be a factor in NEC pathogenesis in preterm infants by contributing to intestinal mucosal injury and/or altering systemic or local immune responses.