Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effets de la fréquence du voisinage orthographique interlangue lors de la reconnaissance visuelle de mots chez les bilingues

Interlingual orthographic neighborhood frequency was manipulated in a monolingual lexical decision task and a language decision task. The material was composed of words that are specific to a language (French or Spanish) and words of a target language that have an orthographic neighbor that is more frequent in the other language. Concerning the lexical decision task, bilinguals process interlingual neighbors more slowly than specific words, for the French lists (dominant language) as well as for the Spanish lists (non-dominant language). For both languages, similar interferences were observed for interlingual orthographic neighbors in the language decision task. These results are discussed with reference to the bilingual interactive activation model (BIA) that proposes the existence of a non-selective initial access to two integrated lexicons.
Biological interactions mediate context and species-specific sensitivities to salinity

Toxicants have both sub-lethal and lethal effects on aquatic biota, influencing organism fitness and community composition. However, toxicant effects within ecosystems may be altered by interactions with abiotic and biotic ecosystem components, including biological interactions. Collectively, this generates the potential for toxicant sensitivity to be highly context dependent, with significantly different outcomes in ecosystems than laboratory toxicity tests predict. We experimentally manipulated stream macroinvertebrate communities in 32 mesocosms to examine how communities from a low-salinity site were influenced by interactions with those from a high-salinity site along a gradient of salinity. Relative to those from the low-salinity site, organisms from the high-salinity site were expected to have greater tolerance and fitness at higher salinities. This created the potential for both salinity and tolerant-sensitive organism interactions to influence communities. We found that community composition was influenced by both direct toxicity and tolerant-sensitive organism interactions. Taxon and context-dependent responses included: (i) direct toxicity effects, irrespective of biotic interactions; (ii) effects that were owing to the addition of tolerant taxa, irrespective of salinity; (iii) toxicity dependent on sensitive-tolerant taxa interactions; and (iv) toxic effects that were increased by interactions. Our results reinforce that ecological processes require consideration when examining toxicant effects within ecosystems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.
The Real Cost of Theoretic Risk Avoidance: The Need to Challenge Unsubstantiated Concerns About 131I Therapy

For many years, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the United States required hospitalization for purposes of radiation isolation of patients receiving 1.11 GBq (30 mCi) or more of 131 I. Furthermore, admission for purposes of radiation isolation was required even if the patient was an adult who lived alone or had a separate bedroom and bathroom and was capable of self-care. Once admitted, these patients remained hospitalized until radiation safety personnel confirmed that the radiation emitted from the patient was less than 5 mR/h at 1 m. This criterion often resulted in an overnight stay, but patients who received doses
Screening Olive Leaves from Unexploited Traditional Greek Cultivars for Their Phenolic Antioxidant Dynamic

Quality characteristics of olive products significantly depend on cultivar (cv), among other factors. In this study, seven traditional, noncommercial Greek cultivars, along with the commercial Spanish Arbequina cv. , were examined for the phenolic antioxidant dynamic of their leaves. Polar extracts (aqueous, methanol, and ethanol) were analyzed for Total Phenol (TP), Flavonoid (TFL), Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives (THAD), Flavonol (TFLVN) contents, DPPH radical scavenging ability, and Ferric Reducing Capacity (FRAP). Selective characteristics of olive leaf methanol extracts for all cultivars were re-examined on a second sampling period. Olive leaf is considered a rich source of phenolic antioxidants total phenol content reaching 29.3 ± 1.3, 30.6 ± 0.4, and 27.0 ± 1.1 mg caffeic acid/g dry leaf for aqueous, methanol, and ethanol extracts, respectively) and all cultivars were considered of equal bioactive dynamic. TP data derived from Folin–Ciocalteu and another spectrophotometric assay employed presented a high correlation for all examined cases (R2 = 71.5–86.9%). High correlation (R2 = 0.92) was also found between TP and FRAP findings of aqueous extracts. Olive leaf is considered a promising source of phenolic antioxidants irrelevant to cultivar and therefore even cultivars less effective for oil or table olive production could be efficiently exploited for the bioactive dynamic of their leaves.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Temporary Closure of the Open Abdomen : A Systematic Review on Delayed Primary Fascial Closure in Patients with an Open Abdomen

Background This study was designed to systematically review the literature to assess which temporary abdominal closure (TAC) technique is associated with the highest delayed primary fascial closure (FC) rate. In some cases of abdominal trauma or infection, edema or packing precludes fascial closure after laparotomy. This ‘‘open abdomen’’ must then be temporarily closed. However, the FC rate varies between techniques. Methods The Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were searched until December 2007. References were checked for additional studies. Search criteria included (synonyms of) ‘‘open abdomen,’’ ‘‘fascial closure,’’ ‘‘vacuum,’’ ‘‘reapproximation,’’ and ‘‘ventral hernia. ’’ Open abdomen was defined as ‘‘the inability to close the abdominal fascia after laparotomy. ’’ Two reviewers independently extracted data from original articles by using a predefined checklist. Results The search identified 154 abstracts of which 96 were considered relevant. No comparative studies were identified. After reading them, 51 articles, including 57 case series were included. The techniques described were vacuum-assisted closure (VAC; 8 series), vacuum pack (15 series), artificial burr (4 series), Mesh/sheet (16 series), zipper (7 series), silo (3 series), skin closure (2 series), dynamic retention sutures (DRS), and loose packing (1 series each). The highest FC rates were seen in the artificial burr (90%), DRS (85%), and VAC (60%). The lowest mortality rates were seen in the artificial burr (17%), VAC (18%), and DRS (23%). Conclusions These results suggest that the artificial burr and the VAC are associated with the highest FC rates and the lowest mortality rates.
New models of atherosclerosis and multi-drug therapeutic interventions

Motivation Atherosclerosis is amongst the leading causes of death globally. However, it is challenging to study in vivo or in vitro and no detailed, openly-available computational models exist. Clinical studies hint that pharmaceutical therapy may be possible. Here we develop the first detailed, computational model of atherosclerosis and use it to develop multi-drug therapeutic hypotheses. Results We assembled a network describing atheroma development from the literature. Maps and mathematical models were produced using the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) and Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML), respectively. The model was constrained against clinical and laboratory data. We identified five drugs that together potentially reverse advanced atheroma formation. Availability and Implementation The map is available in the supplementary information in SBGN-ML format. The model is available in the supplementary material and from BioModels, a repository of SBML models, containing CellDesigner markup. Supplementary Information Available from Bioinformatics online.
Oxidative stress and lung function profiles of male smokers free from COPD compared to those with COPD: a case-control study.

Background The mechanisms of smoking tobacco leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are beginning to be understood. However, conclusions about the role of blood or lung oxidative stress markers were disparate. Aims To investigate the oxidative stress in blood or lung associated with tobacco smoke and to evaluate its effect on pulmonary function data and its relation with physical activity. Methods It is a case-control study. Fifty-four male-smokers of more than five pack-years (PY) and aged 40-60 years were included (29 Non-COPD, 16 COPD). Physical activity score was determined. Blood sample levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein-cys-SH (PSH), and Glutathione (GSH) were measured. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and plethysmographic measurements were performed. Correlation coefficients (r) evaluated the association between oxidative stress markers and independent variables (plethysmographic data and physical activity score). Results Non-COPD (48±6 years) and COPD (49±5 years) groups had similar tobacco consumption patterns, that is, 27±14 PY versus 30±19 PY, respectively. Compared to the Non-COPD group, the COPD group had significantly lower levels of GSH and PSH, that is, mean±SE were 40±6 versus 25±5 µg/mL and 54±10 versus 26±5 µg/g of hemoglobin, respectively. However, MDA level and FeNO values were similar. In the COPD group, none of the oxidative stress markers was significantly correlated with plethysmographic data or physical activity score. In the Non-COPD group, GSH was significantly correlated with physical activity score (r=0.47) and PSH was significantly correlated with total lung capacity (TLC) (r=-0.50), residual volume (r=0.41), and physical activity score (r=0.62). FeNO was significantly correlated with TLC of the COPD group (r=-0.48). Conclusion Compared to the Non-COPD group, the COPD group had a marked decrease in blood antioxidant markers (GSH and PSH) but similar blood oxidant (MDA) or lung (FeNO) burden.
Digital Health–Supported Lifestyle Change Programs to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes

IN BRIEF Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed in people with prediabetes through participation in an intensive lifestyle change program (LCP), particularly one based on the Diabetes Prevention Program research study. Digital health offers opportunities to extend the reach of such LCPs and possibly improve on these programs, which traditionally have been delivered in person. In this review, we describe the current state of evidence regarding digital health–supported LCPs and discuss gaps in research and opportunities for future efforts.
DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation in melanoma

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes and is considered to be the most aggressive cancer among all skin diseases. The pathogenesis of melanoma has not been well documented, which may restrict the research and development of biomarkers and therapies. To date, several genetic and epigenetic factors have been identified as contributing to the development and progression of melanoma. Besides the findings on genetic susceptibilities, the recent progress in epigenetic studies has revealed that loss of the DNA hydroxymethylation mark, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), along with high levels of DNA methylation at promoter regions of several tumor suppressor genes in melanoma, may serve as biomarkers for melanoma. Moreover, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine, an epigenetic modifier causing DNA demethylation, and ten-eleven translocation family dioxygenase (TET), which catalyzes the generation of 5-hmC, demonstrate therapeutic potential in melanoma treatment. In this review, we will summarize the latest progress in research on DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation in melanoma, and we will discuss and provide insight for epigenetic biomarkers and therapies for melanoma. Particularly, we will discuss the role of DNA hydroxymethylation in melanoma infiltrating immune cells, which may also serve as a potential target for melanoma treatment.
Deep Program Reidentification: A Graph Neural Network Solution

Program or process is an integral part of almost every IT/OT system. Can we trust the identity/ID (e.g., executable name) of the program? To avoid detection, malware may disguise itself using the ID of a legitimate program, and a system tool (e.g., PowerShell) used by the attackers may have the fake ID of another common software, which is less sensitive. However, existing intrusion detection techniques often overlook this critical program reidentification problem (i.e., checking the program's identity). In this paper, we propose an attentional multi-channel graph neural network model (DeepRe-ID) to verify the program's identity based on its system behaviors. The key idea is to leverage the representation learning of the program behavior graph to guide the reidentification process. We formulate the program reidentification as a graph classification problem and develop an effective multi-channel attentional graph embedding algorithm to solve it. Extensive experiments --- using real-world enterprise monitoring data and real attacks --- demonstrate the effectiveness of DeepRe-ID across multiple popular metrics and the robustness to the normal dynamic changes like program version upgrades.
Promoting subjective preferences in simple economic choices during nap

Sleep is known to benefit consolidation of memories, especially those of motivational relevance. Yet, it remains largely unknown the extent to which sleep influences reward-associated behavior, in particular, whether and how sleep modulates reward evaluation that critically underlies value-based decisions. Here, we show that neural processing during sleep can selectively bias preferences in simple economic choices when the sleeper is stimulated by covert, reward-associated cues. Specifically, presenting the spoken name of a familiar, valued snack item during midday nap significantly improves the preference for that item relative to items not externally cued. The cueing-specific preference enhancement is sleep-dependent and can be predicted by cue-induced neurophysiological signals at the subject and item level. Computational modeling further suggests that sleep cueing accelerates evidence accumulation for cued options during the post-sleep choice process in a manner consistent with the preference shift. These findings suggest that neurocognitive processing during sleep contributes to the fine-tuning of subjective preferences in a flexible, selective manner.
Potential limits of AAV‐based gene therapy with the use of new transgenes expressing factor IX fusion proteins

The variety of treatment for haemophilia B (HB) has recently improved with the emergence of both AAV‐based gene therapy and bioengineered human factor IX (hFIX) molecules with prolonged half‐life due to fusion to either albumin (Alb) or immunoglobulin Fc fragment (Fc).
A Promising Biocompatible Platform: Lipid-Based and Bio-Inspired Smart Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy

Designing new drug delivery systems (DDSs) for safer cancer therapy during pre-clinical and clinical applications still constitutes a considerable challenge, despite advances made in related fields. Lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDSs) have emerged as biocompatible candidates that overcome many biological obstacles. In particular, a combination of the merits of lipid carriers and functional polymers has maximized drug delivery efficiency. Functionalization of LBDDSs enables the accumulation of anti-cancer drugs at target destinations, which means they are more effective at controlled drug release in tumor microenvironments (TMEs). This review highlights the various types of ligands used to achieve tumor-specific delivery and discusses the strategies used to achieve the effective release of drugs in TMEs and not into healthy tissues. Moreover, innovative recent designs of LBDDSs are also described. These smart systems offer great potential for more advanced cancer therapies that address the challenges posed in this research area.
Aging and cerebrovascular lesions in pure and in mixed neurodegenerative and vascular dementia brains: a neuropathological study.

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of dementia is increasing in our aging population. Because of the complexity of disease pathology, dementia classifications remain controversial. The present post-mortem study investigates whether there are age differences between dementia brains with a single pure neurodegenerative or cerebrovascular disease and those with mixed pathological features. Also, the impact of these vascular lesions is compared. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 132 dementia brains with a pure neurodegenerative or cerebrovascular disease and 84 with mixed features were examined. Main age and gender distribution were compared between the overall group of pure and of mixed dementia. Also, the most common subgroups were compared separately. In addition to the detection of macroscopic visible lesions, a whole coronal section of a cerebral hemisphere, at the level of the mamillary body, was taken for semi-quantitative microscopic evaluation of white matter changes (WMCs), cortical micro-bleeds (CoMBs), and cortical micro-infarcts (CoMIs). RESULTS Overall, patients with mixed dementia were at death significantly older than those with pure dementia. According to the main diagnosis, the pure forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) were more common in the younger age groups while in the older ones the mixed form of Lewy body disease (LBD) predominated. Neuropathological examination revealed an increased severity of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), territorial infarcts, lobar haematomas, and CoMIs in the mixed AD group. In FTLD only CoMIs were increased in the mixed group, while in LBD no differences in severity of all cerebrovascular lesions were observed. Lacunar infarcts were more frequent in pure vascular dementia, while CAA predominated in the mixed one. CONCLUSIONS Mixed dementia during the aging process is mainly due to the severity of AD and LBD pathologies combined with CAA-related cerebrovascular lesions.
Evolutionary dynamics of molecular markers during local adaptation: a case study in Drosophila

ResultsWe found evidence for a decline in genetic variability through time, along with an increase in genetic differentiation between all populations studied. The observed decline in genetic variability was higher during the first 14 generations of laboratory adaptation. The two groups of replicated populations showed overall similarity in variability patterns. Our results also revealed changing demographic structure of the populations during laboratory evolution, with lower effective population sizes in the early phase of the adaptive process. One of the ten microsatellites analyzed showed a clearly distinct temporal pattern of allele frequency change, suggesting the occurrence of positive selection affecting the region around that particular locus. ConclusionGenetic drift for of divergence and loss of variability between and within replicates, with most changes occurring during generations of laboratory We also found evidence suggesting a selective sweep, despite the low number of molecular markers analyzed. Overall, there was a similarity of evolutionary dynamics at the molecular level in our laboratory populations, despite distinct genetic backgrounds and some differences in phenotypic evolution. Abstract Background: Natural selection and genetic drift are major forces responsible for temporal genetic changes in populations. Furthermore, these evolutionary forces may interact with each other. Here we study the impact of an ongoing adaptive process at the molecular genetic level by analyzing the temporal genetic changes throughout 40 generations of adaptation to a common laboratory environment. Specifically, genetic variability, population differentiation and demographic structure were compared in two replicated groups of Drosophila subobscura populations recently sampled from different wild sources. Results: We found evidence for a decline in genetic variability through time, along with an increase in genetic differentiation between all populations studied. The observed decline in genetic variability was higher during the first 14 generations of laboratory adaptation. The two groups of replicated populations showed overall similarity in variability patterns. Our results also revealed changing demographic structure of the populations during laboratory evolution, with lower effective population sizes in the early phase of the adaptive process. One of the ten microsatellites analyzed showed a clearly distinct temporal pattern of allele frequency change, suggesting the occurrence of positive selection affecting the region around that particular locus. Conclusion: Genetic drift was responsible for most of the divergence and loss of
Identification of Transcription Regulatory Relationships in Diabetic Nephropathy

To the Editor: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic renal diseases and accounts for almost 50% of all end‐stage renal diseases worldwide. The prevalence of DN increased significantly after 2010 in China. [1,2] DN is clinically characterized by proteinuria and morphological and ultrastructural changes in the kidney. The pathogenesis of DN is multifactorial and extremely complex, including hyperglycemia, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, angiotensin II, DNA methylation, chromatin histone modification, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs.
Scared or Attached? Unraveling Important Links in Strain–Crime Relationships Among School Students

Drawing on general strain theory of crime, the study employs the survey data from a random sample of 600 school students in Lviv, Ukraine, to examine how sanction risks and social bonds mediate and moderate the relationship between strain and adolescent delinquency. Findings from negative binomial regressions and the KHB decomposition procedure demonstrate that fear of sanctions and levels of social control mediate the relationships between strain and delinquency to a different degree, depending on the type of strain experienced. Results concerning conditioning effects are mixed, with only parental monitoring found to be a moderator of the strain–delinquency link. However, the direction of the interaction effect is unexpected. Future research needs to improve the specification of strain models and evaluate them in other sociocultural contexts.