Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Desigualdades en salud mental: los ingresos por psicosis en hospitales públicos de la Comunitat Valenciana (2008-2015)

Fundamentos: La prevalencia de problemas de salud mental esta aumentando en todo el mundo. Ciertos grupos poblacionales tienen mayor probabilidad de padecer trastornos mentales, generando desigualdades en salud. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las diferencias en la frecuencia de ingresos por psicosis segun diferentes dimensiones de desigualdad (edad, sexo y pais de nacimiento) de la poblacion entre 15 y 49 anos en los anos 2008- 2015 en la Comunitat Valenciana. Metodos: Estudio transversal basado en los ingresos hospitalarios por el Grupo Relacionado por el Diagnostico “Psicosis” en centros publicos de la Comunitat Valenciana. Las fuentes de informacion fueron el Conjunto Minimo Basico de Datos y el Sistema de Informacion Poblacional. Se realizo un analisis descriptivo de variables clinicas y sociodemograficas y se analizaron diferencias por subgrupos poblacionales mediante el test t- Student para la comparacion de una variable cuantitativa y el test χ2 para la comparacion de una variable cualitativa, asi como el test exacto de Wilcoxon y el test de Fisher cuando no se cumplian condiciones de aplicacion. Resultados: Se estudiaron 23.869 ingresos por psicosis generados por un total de 11.265 personas. La mayoria fueron debidos a trastornos esquizofrenicos (39,44%). Se observaron diferencias en cuanto al diagnostico al comparar por sexo, siendo mas frecuente en mujeres los trastornos episodicos del humor (39,3%) y por pais de nacimiento, siendo el diagnostico principal de “Otras psicosis no organicas” el mas frecuente en las personas extranjeras (40,5%). Se encontraron diferencias respecto a la mortalidad durante el ingreso, siendo mas alta en hombres (5,1% vs. 4%) y en poblacion extranjera (5,3% vs. 3,8%) . Conclusiones: Se han detectado desigualdades en las frecuencias de ingresos por psicosis en la Comunitat Valenciana. Estas diferencias se observan en torno a distintas dimensiones como son la edad, el genero y el pais de origen.
A study of the interaction of end-binding proteins with microtubules

Dynamic microtubules control cell shape, cell locomotion and the proper segregation of chromosomes. End Binding (EB) proteins are the key components of the microtubule (MT) plus tip (+TIP) protein network. EBs bind to the MT plus end and regulate microtubule dynamics. EBs localise to the microtubule tip by recognising the nucleotide state of tubulin. Mammalian cells express three members of the EB family (EB1, EB2 and EB3) that localise to spatial distinct sites on the microtubule in cells. Perturbation experiments in cells and in vitro reconstitution experiments have shown that EB1 and EB3 accelerate MT assembly and increase catastrophe frequency. This is a paradoxical effect, as an increase in growth speed should increase the size of the GTP cap thus decreasing the probability of catastrophe. To study this paradoxical effect an image analysis routine was developed to gain insight into any structural re-arrangement at the microtubule tip. An algorithm was developed to extract fluorescence intensity data along the length of a microtubule from time-lapse images. Curve fitting to these data allowed determination of the MT end position with sub-pixel resolution, the measurement of taper (i.e. the length difference of protofilaments at the microtubule end) and the quantitative analysis of the comet-shaped distributions of EB proteins at microtubule ends. The method was verified using synthetic images of MTs and then applied to time lapse movies of dynamic MTs from in vitro experiments where either the tubulin concentration or the EB3 concentration was varied. It was discovered that EB3 may increase microtubule taper, thereby de-stabilising the microtubule tip structure. Binding of the three EB proteins to spatial distinct sites at the MT tip was carefully re-investigated in-vitro by pair-wise comparison, and in relation to the MT tip. All three EB proteins were found to localise to distinct sites with EB3 found to bind closest to the MT tip and EB2 being the furthest from the MT tip. Based on structural data that became available during the course of the project, and additional evidence of different nucleotide preferences between EB1/EB3 and EB2, a dual nucleotide recognition model was conceived to explain these spatially distinct locations. The model assumes that an EB protein is sensitive to the nucleotide state at both E-sites close to its binding site at the interface of 4 tubulin dimers. All three EB proteins showed evidence of dual nucleotide recognition in mixed nucleotide lattice experiments designed to directly test the model. EB proteins recognise spatial distinct sites by recognising the pairwise nucleotide state of tubulin. As EB3 binds closest to the MT tip, it is best placed to affect microtubule dynamics by increasing taper, promoting a quicker growth phase and destabilising the microtubule. Within cells this is a useful concept as it can be up regulated to increase the dynamicity of MTs ensuring more efficient re-organisation of the cytoskeleton during cell differentiation or neuronal elongation.
Inhibition of Listeria innocua in Milk by Bacteriocin-Producing Enterococcus faecium 7C5.

Enterococcus faecium 7C5 produces a bacteriocin active against Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua . In co-cultures of the strain 7C5 with a thermophilic starter, which was composed of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus , the acidifying activity of the latter was not affected. In contrast, the rate of bacteriocin production was lower when compared with the pure culture of strain 7C5. In co-cultures of L. innocua CNRZ LIN 11 with the thermophilic starter or with strain 7C5, a bacteriostatic effect on Listeria growth was observed. In the co-culture of L. innocua with both strain 7C5 and the thermophilic starter, a complete listerial inhibition occurred. The combined inhibitory effect of the pH decrease and bacteriocin production, which were shown to be synergistic, was demonstrated both at 37°C and under temperature conditions reproducing the first 24 h of a soft-cheese technology. This data substantially supported the potential of using bacteriocin-producing strains as a culture adjunct to inhibit Listeria during cheese manufacturing.
Infectious disease and primate conservation

© Oxford University Press 2016. Published 2016 by Oxford University Press. 603 unique parasite records in wild primates. Importantly, however, this number represents only a small fraction of the remarkable diversity of parasites that infect primates (Cooper and Nunn 2013), and this count may be biased towards organisms that are easy to study and that also cause disease in humans (e.g. Calvignac-Spencer et al. 2012). If you were to examine a single primate host in the wild, you would expect to find multiple helminth species. For example, one study documented that baboons at Gombe were infected by a median of four 10.
Laboratory Screening Techniques for Evaluation of Soybean Germplasm for Resistance to Twospotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Thirty-one soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, accessions from maturity groups II through VIII were evaluated in excised and intact (whole plant) leaf bioassays to determine the ability of these bioassays to detect differences in susceptibility to the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Although there were few significant differences between bioassays for variables measured within maturity groupings, the excised leaf bioassay which was easier to set up and monitor and took three-fourths less growth chamber space also had less variation among replications and repeated tests and detected a greater number of differences among accessions. Although there were significant differences among soybean accessions within a maturity group for specific variables, results suggest that high levels of resistance to the twospotted spider mite are not present in the germplasm screened. Several accessions screened, with known resistance to foliar feeding insects, were significantly less preferred for spider mite.
MicroRNA and messenger RNA interactions in ovarian cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (~22 nucleotides) regulatory RNAs that can modulate gene expression and are aberrantly expressed in many diseases including cancer. Previous studies have shown that miRNAs inhibit the translation and facilitate the degradation of their targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs) making them attractive candidates for use in cancer therapy. However, the potential clinical utility of miRNAs in cancer therapy rests heavily upon our ability to understand and accurately predict the consequences of fluctuations in levels of miRNAs within the context of complex tumor cells. To evaluate the predictive power of current models, levels of miRNAs and their targeted mRNAs were measured in laser captured micro-dissected (LCM) ovarian cancer epithelial cells (CEPI) and compared with levels present in ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSE). We found that the predicted inverse correlation between changes in levels of miRNAs and levels of their mRNA targets held for only ~11 % of predicted target mRNAs. We demonstrate that this low inverse correlation between changes in levels of miRNAs and their target mRNAs in vivo is not merely an artifact of inaccurate miRNA target predictions. Our findings underscore the complexities of miRNA-mediated regulation in vivo and the inadequacy of current models to accurately predict the molecular consequences of fluctuations in levels of miRNAs within the complex context
Seasonal variations of accumulated ions, soluble sugars and solute potential in the expressed sap from leaves of evergreen sclerophyll species

The solute potential was found high in the young expanding leaves and the seasonal fluctuations were present as a result of tissue maturity and environmental factors. The sap from young expanding leaves contained the highest ions concentrations and the lowest sugar content in comparison with corresponding data from fully expanded leaves. It seems reasonable to assume that reduced levels of accumulated ions were distinguished under environmental stress (drought and cold period). On the other hand, high levels of sugars were measured during drought and cold period. Unexpectably, monthly ions concentrations, in the expressed sap, were found quite similar among the above mentioned species which might be an additional indicator of their ecophysiological physiognomy
Methods for Assessing Percutaneous Absorption

3Environmental Safety Laboratory, U.nilever Research, Colworth House, Shambrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ, UK; 4School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; 5The Welsh School of Pharmacy, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF1 3XF, UK; 6ZENECA Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SKJO 4TJ, UK; 7Pharmacia Research Center AS, Herredsvejen 2, 3400 Hillerod, Denmark; Binstituts fiir Pharmakologie und Toxikologie der Universitiit Miinster, Unweltprobenbank fiir Human-Organproben mit Datenbank, Domagkstrasse 11, 48129 Miinster, Germany; 9Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0989, USA; JOFaculty of Pharmacy, Universite Paris XI, 5 Rue JB Clement, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France; llDepartment of Dermatology, University of Cologne, J. Steljmannstrasse 9, 5000 Koln 41, Germany; I2Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo, C/Jorge Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; I3Pharmacy Department, University of Athens, Panepistimiopoli, 15771 Athens, Greece; 14Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. , Via Palermo 26/A, 43100 Parma, Italy; I5CIRD Galderma, 635 Routes des Lucioles, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; IBDepartment of Pharmacokinetics, Schering AG, 1000 Berlin 65, Germany; I7Dow Corning, Rue de General de Galle 62, 1310 La Hulpe, Belgium
Metabolomics-based prediction models of yeast strains for screening of metabolites contributing to ethanol stress tolerance

The increased demand for clean, sustainable and renewable energy resources has driven the development of various microbial systems to produce biofuels. One of such systems is the ethanol-producing yeast. Although yeast produces ethanol naturally using its native pathways, production yield is low and requires improvement for commercial biofuel production. Moreover, ethanol is toxic to yeast and thus ethanol tolerance should be improved to further enhance ethanol production. In this study, we employed metabolomics-based strategy using 30 single-gene deleted yeast strains to construct multivariate models for ethanol tolerance and screen metabolites that relate to ethanol sensitivity/tolerance. The information obtained from this study can be used as an input for strain improvement via metabolic engineering.
Onkogene und Tumorsuppressorgene in Ovarialkarzinomen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des c-erbB-2 Onkogens

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal cancer of the female genital tract due to the notorious lack of early symptoms and rapid initial peritoneal spreading of the disease. The majority of ovarian carcinomas are believed to arise from the ovarian surface epithelium by subsequent genetic alterations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that have an important role in cell growth regulation. In these studies, the function of the c-erbB-2 oncogene product and the insulinlike growth factor receptor I tyrosine kinases were analyzed in ovarian cancer cell lines. It is shown that these receptors are able to mediate functions in ovarian cancer cell lines that may increase tumor growth and tumor progression in vivo. The relevant functions enhanced are cell proliferation, transformation and tumor cell motility. Therefore, it may be possible to use the inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases in future therapies of human ovarian cancer. In addition, the alterations of gene expression between normal ovary and serous ovarian cancer were analyzed using micro-array techniques. In these experiments the caveolin-1 gene (CAV1) was identified as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in the ovary and in soft tissues. The CAV1 gene is probably in-activated in ovarian carcinomas and soft tissue sarcomas by epigenetic mechanisms rather by genetic mutations. As defined by the reversible down-regulation of CAV1, it is likely to be an important class II tumor suppressor gene. It may be possible to up-regulate the expression of class II tumor suppressor genes like CAV1 in ovarian cancer and soft tissue sarcomas to use its growth inhibitory properties for future therapies.
Facteurs et marqueurs de virulence de souche Escherichia coli isolées de diarrhées chez des veaux âgés de 4 à 45 jours en Algérie

The study involved 492 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of 44 diarrhoeal calves and 4 healthy calves in 7 wilayates in Algeria (Tipaza, Ain Defla, Bejaia, Borj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Medea and Algiers). The authors looked for the surface proteins K99, CS31A, Vir, F17 (FY), 20K and certain factors or markers of virulence such as the production of colicins, particularly colicin V, the aerobactin siderophore, alpha hemolysin and enterohemolysin. They also studied the frequency of certain 0 serogroups and evaluated the resistance of the E. coli strains to 10 antibiotics. The results showed that the majority of diarrhoeal calves were colonized by Escherichia coli expressing one or more factors of virulence and that the stocks which produce the antigen CS31A are usually resistant to 4 or 6 antibiotics.
Bacterial Foraging Algorithm Based on Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization and Opposition-based Learning ?

Bacterial Foraging Optimization(BFA) algorithm has recently emerged as a very powerful technique for real parameter optimization, but the E. coli algorithm depends on random search directions which may lead to delay in reaching the global solution, while the reproduction step of BFA may reduce its diversity for in this step one better bacterium split into two same bacterium. In order to overcome the delay in optimization and to further enhance the performance of BFA, a bacterial foraging algorithm based on QPSO and OBL(OQ-BFA) is presented. The new algorithm is proposed to combine all algorithms’ advantages in order to get better optimization values. Simulation results on eight benchmark functions show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the BFA, QPSO and BF-PSO.
The role of foreign direct investment in growth: Spain, 1964–2013

Purpose Foreign direct investment (FDI) has played a major role in the deep process of transformation experienced by the Spanish economy since the first 1960s, which even intensified, following the integration with the now European Union in 1986. This paper aims to analyse the long-run effects of FDI in Spain by estimating a production function including the foreign capital stock over the period 1964–2013. Design/methodology/approach The author estimates a production function including the foreign capital stock over the period 1964–2013, from which the contributions of the different explanatory variables on the accumulated growth of gross domestic product (GDP) are computed. Next, the author tested for the possible presence of structural change in the previously estimated equation, by means of the tests of Bai and Perron, re-estimating the production function for the different subperiods delimited by the structural breaks found. Finally, the analysis is completed by performing Granger-causality tests on the variables GDP and foreign capital stock in a multivariate setting. Findings The author finds a significant contribution of foreign capital on the accumulated growth of GDP over the period of analysis, which seems however to have been greater during the first years of the period analysed. Foreign capital can play a positive role in the economic growth of an economy, provided that FDI inflows are stable and permanent enough, but this effect on growth seems to be more important in the first stages of a growth process. Originality/value The author presents a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between FDI and growth for a particular country, which seems to be a more promising empirical approach rather than the approach based on panel regressions, where sometimes some dissimilar experiences are added together. The Spanish economy can provide a relevant case study, given the substantial process of growth it enjoyed starting from the early 1960s, characterized by the arrival of vast inflows of foreign capital.
Biogenesis of Conjugated Linoleic Acids

One of the key areas in animal husbandry is to improve the quality (nutritional value) of dairy and meat products by enriching them with Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLAs) like (cis-9, trans-11)and (trans-10, cis-12)-octadecadienicacids; the former (rumenic acid) predominates all the CLAs. Though Vaccenic Acid (VA) is the immediate precursor of rumenic acid, dietary unsaturated fatty acids like Oleic Acid (OA), Linoleic Acid (LA) and α-Linolenic Acid (ALA) are the distant precursors of CLAs; and that CLA and VA are formed as intermediates during the biohydrogenation of the dietary OA, LA and ALA into fully saturated stearic acid. The mutual inter-relationship of rumen microbiota encompassing bacteria, protozoa and fungi facilitates the biohydrogenation process. Thus, this chapter critically evaluates the knowledge accumulated during the past four decades on the precursor of CLAs, micro-organisms involved in the production of CLA, the mechanism of biohydrogenation, and chemical synthesis of CLA, coupled with the rationale for biohydrogenation and factors affecting the production of CLA. Sailas Benjamin University of Calicut, India Kizhakepowathil Nair Unni University of Calicut, India Prakasan Priji University of Calicut, India Andre-Denis Girard Wright University of Arizona, USA Biogenesis of Conjugated Linoleic Acids
The Regulation of Alpha-Amylase Synthesis in Bacillus subtilis

In B. subtilis, -amylase synthesis is regulated by amyR located directly on the upstream of amyE. Three different amyR alleles have been reported, amyR1, amyR2 and amyR3. Strains bearing the gra-10 mutation which confers derepression for catabolite repression has GlongrightarrowA transition mutation at ＋5 of amyR1. S1 nuclease mapping demonstrated that transcription initiated at 8 bases downstream from the -10 region of putative E promoter P1 in amyR1 and gra-10. In amyR2, the major transcription initiatd at the same place and the minor, 10 bases downstream from -10 of P2. The transcript from P2 contributed approximately 15-20% of total amyE mRNA. S1 nuclease protection experiment indicated that amyE mRNA levels corresponded to the rate of synthesis assumed by specific activities of -amylase in culture supernatants, suggesting that -amylase synthesis is regulated at the level of transcription.n.
Identification and characterization of germline-specific promoters for remobilization of transgenes in the mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae

Identification and Characterization of Germline-specific Promoters for Remobilization of Transgenes in the Mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae. (August 2007) Darren Erich Hagen, B.S., Angelo State University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Craig J. Coates The development of genetic transformation systems in insects has revolutionized the field of entomology. Transgenic insects provide tools to identify, isolate and analyze insect genes and to genetically modify insects for the purposes of insect control or disease vector modification. When transformation frequencies are high, multiple transgenic lines can be generated with relative ease. However, in most mosquito species, the results of transformation experiments have been suboptimal. Increased mosquito transformation efficiency is a research priority. Additionally, incorporation of refractory transgenes will not be sufficient to modify natural populations. A gene drive system will be required to allow transgenes to proliferate throughout populations and potentially reach fixation. This study proposes the use of germline-specific regulatory elements to promote confined, regulated transposase expression within the germ tissue. Creation of helper constructs utilizing endogenous promoters will potentially increase genetic transformation frequencies. The generation of lab strains of mosquitoes expressing an endogenous source of transposase within the germline will also serve as a powerful research tool. Endogenous sources of transposase will allow for comparative analysis of integration rates using different donor plasmids. Finally, the generation of
DIURNAL CHANGES IN THE ELECTRICAL RESPONSE OF THE COMPOUND EYE

1. A diurnal rhythm occurs in the electrical responses obtained from the compound eyes of certain beetles (Chlaenius diffinis, Chlaenius tomentosus, Hydrus triangularis, Harpalus caliginosus, Harpalus pennsylvanicus). When one of these beetles is kept in total darkness and under approximately constant environmental conditions, the electrical response to a brief exposure of light which is recorded during the morning and afternoon hours (day-type) is markedly different from the response obtained during the late afternoon and evening hours (night-type). 2. The day-type of record is relatively simple and not unlike that which is always obtained from certain grasshoppers and butterflies. The night-type of response, always of greater magnitude, possesses a complex wave form similar in many respects to that always elicited from the eyes of certain moths.3. The day-type of response is reduced in magnitude but not greatly altered in form when the eye is light-adapted. The night-type of electrogram is not only reduc.