Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A prevalence survey of patients with indwelling urinary catheters on district nursing caseloads in the United Kingdom: The Community Urinary Catheter Management (CCaMa) Study

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is common in both hospitals and the community. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of indwelling urinary catheters on district nursing caseloads in the UK. Methods: Participants were recruited through the Infection Prevention Society (IPS). An electronic survey was undertaken on a single day between November 2017 and January 2018. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings: A total of 49,575 patients were included in the survey, of whom 5352 had an indwelling urinary catheter. This gave a point prevalence of 10.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.53–11.07), which varied between organisations, ranging from 2.36% (95% CI = 2.05–2.73) to 22.02% (95% CI = 20.12–24.05). Of catheters, 5% were newly placed (within four weeks). Of these, most (77%) had a documented indication for insertion. Only half of patients with a newly placed catheter had a plan for its removal. This varied between organisations in the range of 20%–96%. Only 13% of patients had a patient-held management plan or ‘catheter passport’ but these patients were significantly more likely to also have an active removal plan (28/36 [78%] vs. 106/231 [46%]; P < 0.0001). Alternative bladder management strategies had been considered for 70/267 (26%) patients. Discussion: The management of patients with an indwelling urinary catheter represents a significant component of district nursing caseloads. Given the high proportion of newly catheterised patients without an active management plan for removal of the catheter, the establishment of an optimal management pathway should be the focus of future prevention efforts.
Reaction of Bcl-2+ cells of the parietal lobe cortex of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus to ischemia-reperfusion

The peculiarities of anti-apoptotic mechanisms in the nerve and glial cells of the parietal lobe cortex are studied by the density changes of Bcl-2+-cells location and concentration of Bcl-2 protein in them in rats with diabetes mellitus in the dynamics of ischemic-reperfusion cerebral injury. Bilateral carotid ischemia-reperfusion is found to inhibit anti-apoptotic reaction of nerve cells of the parietal lobe cortex in the early and late post-ischemic periods at the expense of decreased number of Bcl-2+-cells and concentration of Bcl-2 protein in them. In glial cells during the early period of ischemic-reperfusion injury the activity of anti-apoptotic processes intensifies to some extent by means of increased concentration of Bcl-2 protein in them, and on the 12th day the activity of anti-apoptotic processes decrease at the expense of reduced amount of Bcl-2+-cells and the content of Bcl-2 protein in them. Three-month streptozotocin-induced diabetes increases the location density of positive by protein Bcl-2 nerve cells in the parietal lobe cortex without influencing on the location density of Bcl-2+-glial cells and concentration of Bcl-2 protein in them. 20-minute ischemia with one-hour reperfusion in animals with diabetes mellitus considerably enhances anti-apoptotic potential of glial cells in the parietal lobe cerebral cortex at the expense of increased amount of Bcl-2+-cells and the concentration of Bcl-2 protein in them without reliable effect on these indices in nerve cells. On the 12th day of ischemic-reperfusion period in rats with diabetes mellitus, the intensity of anti-apoptotic processes in general decreases both in nerve and glial cells of the parietal lobe cortex.
1621 Human sensory neuron co-cultures to model inflammatory neuropathy

Disialoysl antibodies target the paired alpha-2–8 linked sialic acid residues found on gangliosides such as GQ1b, GT1b and GD1b. They are associated with specific inflammatory neuropathies – notably Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) and CANOMAD, which are characterised clinically by sensory and cerebellar ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and areflexia. However, the pathological relevance and topographical targets of disialosyl antibodies in these conditions remain a subject of debate. We used sensory neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells to investigate this area. In co-culture with Schwann cells, myelination occurs and nodes of Ranvier form. In this system, disialosyl antibodies target the nodal axolemma and also bind unmyelinated fibres. When the paranodal junction protein CASPR is disrupted, antibodies penetrate into the internodal region. Incubation with antibody followed by a source of complement results in a neuronal calcium spike followed by acute axonal blebbing and degeneration. In prolonged cultures, the presence of disialosyl antibodies both impairs myelination and induces demyelination. In assays using microfluidic chambers, disialosyl antibodies impair the extent of axonal regeneration at 24 hours. These assays thus reveal the pleiotropic effects of disialosyl antibodies. The utility of this culture system for further investigating MFS, CANOMAD and other inflammatory neuropathies is clearly demonstrated.
Quality of Prenatal Care and Pregnancy Outcomes: Centering Pregnancy Versus Traditional Prenatal Care

vii Chapter One . 1 Background . 3 Introduction to Articles . 5 Chapter Two. A Concept Analysis of Power and Empowerment in Pregnancy and the Nurse’s Role . 9 Abstract . 9. 9 Power and Empowerment in Pregnancy and the Nurse’s Role . 11 Significance in Nursing. 12 Concept Analysis of Power . 13 Defining Attributes of Power . 14 Antecedents of Power . 15 Consequences of Power . 15 Concept Analysis of Empowerment . 16 Defining Attributes of Empowerment . 17 ii Antecedents of Empowerment . 18 Consequences of Empowerment . 19 Pregnancy and Empowerment in Pregnancy Care . 19 Conclusion and Recommendations . 21 Chapter Three. Quality of Prenatal Care and Pregnancy Outcomes: Centering Pregnancy versus Traditional Prenatal Care . 29 Abstract . 29. 29 Background . 32 Quality of Prenatal Care. 34 Pregnancy Related Empowerment . 34 Centering Pregnancy . 35 Theoretical Framework . 37 Figure 2. Variables measured for Quality of Care Model . 40 Methods. 41 Participants . 41 Intervention . 43 Data Collection . 44 Instruments . 45
Clinical Feasibility and Safety of Endoscopic Self-Expandable Metal Stent Placement for Upper Gastrointestinal Pathologies

We aimed to review our experiences to evaluate the practicality, safety, and effectiveness of endoscopic stent placement for the palliation of malignant obstructions of the upper gastrointestinal system (GIS) and the treatment of postoperative complications such as failure of anastomoses and fistulae. Endoscopic stent placement is increasingly used in the upper GIS for the management of both high grade malignancies causing obstruction and benign pathologies such as anastomosis failures, gastrointestinal fistulae, and strictures. Hospital records, clinical data, and endoscopy reports of 61 patients who had undergone endoscopic stenting between the years 2012 and 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. For all patients, self-expandable metal covered stents were used. Data involving technical and clinical success rates, complication, morbidity, and mortality rates of the endoscopic stenting procedure was collected and simple statistical analyses were made. Endoscopic stenting was successful in 60 of 61 patients (98.3%). Overall technical success rate was found to be 98.3%; clinical success rate, 86.6%; complication rate, 4.9%. No stent related mortality was observed in our series. Endoscopic stents can be effectively and safely used in the treatment of various lesions of the upper GIS.
Ensemble-based satellite-derived carbon dioxide and methane column-averaged dry-air mole fraction data sets (2003–2018) for carbon and climate applications

Abstract. Satellite retrievals of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), denoted XCO2 and XCH4, respectively, have been used in recent years to obtain information on natural and anthropogenic sources and sinks and for other applications such as comparisons with climate models. Here we present new data sets based on merging several individual satellite data products in order to generate consistent long-term climate data records (CDRs) of these two Essential Climate Variables (ECVs). These ECV CDRs, which cover the time period 2003–2018, have been generated using an ensemble of data products from the satellite sensors SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT and TANSO-FTS/GOSAT and (for XCO2) for the first time also including data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) satellite. Two types of products have been generated: (i) Level 2 (L2) products generated with the latest version of the ensemble median algorithm (EMMA) and (ii) Level 3 (L3) products obtained by gridding the corresponding L2 EMMA products to obtain a monthly 5∘×5∘ data product in Obs4MIPs (Observations for Model Intercomparisons Project) format. The L2 products consist of daily NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) files, which contain in addition to the main parameters, i.e., XCO2 or XCH4, corresponding uncertainty estimates for random and potential systematic uncertainties and the averaging kernel for each single (quality-filtered) satellite observation. We describe the algorithms used to generate these data products and present quality assessment results based on comparisons with Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) ground-based retrievals. We found that the XCO2 Level 2 data set at the TCCON validation sites can be characterized by the following figures of merit (the corresponding values for the Level 3 product are listed in brackets) – single-observation random error (1σ): 1.29 ppm (monthly: 1.18 ppm); global bias: 0.20 ppm (0.18 ppm); and spatiotemporal bias or relative accuracy (1σ): 0.66 ppm (0.70 ppm). The corresponding values for the XCH4 products are single-observation random error (1σ): 17.4 ppb (monthly: 8.7 ppb); global bias: −2.0 ppb (−2.9 ppb); and spatiotemporal bias (1σ): 5.0 ppb (4.9 ppb). It has also been found that the data products exhibit very good long-term stability as no significant long-term bias trend has been identified. The new data sets have also been used to derive annual XCO2 and XCH4 growth rates, which are in reasonable to good agreement with growth rates from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) based on marine surface observations. The presented ECV data sets are available (from early 2020 onwards) via the Climate Data Store (CDS, https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/, last access: 10 January 2020) of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S, https://climate.copernicus.eu/, last access: 10 January 2020).
Importance of Bias Correction in Data Assimilation of Multiple Observations Over Eastern China Using WRF‐Chem/DART

Three types of observations, aerosol optical depth from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, surface particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10), and aerosol extinction coefficient (AEXT) profiles from ground‐based lidars, were separately and simultaneously assimilated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with the Chemistry/Data Assimilation Research Testbed (WRF‐Chem/DART). Two cases in June and November 2018 were selected over middle and eastern China. Experiments assimilating single‐type and multiple observations were evaluated by cross validating their analysis and forecast against the three observation types. Compared to the experiment without data assimilation (DA), DA of single‐type observations is always closer to the type of observations assimilated. However, DA of aerosol optical depth or AEXT sometimes significantly degraded the error performance for PM2.5. This problem is caused by the inconsistency of bias tendencies when modeling aerosol optical properties and surface aerosol mass. It is found that WRF‐Chem tends to predict dryer air within the boundary layer over eastern China, which may have played a role in the underestimation of AEXT even when PM2.5 was overestimated. After applying a simple bias correction (BC), the problem was alleviated. DA of multiple observations with BC gives the best overall error performance when validated against all types of observations and even performs better than any DA of single‐type observations experiments in reproducing AEXT profiles. The results illustrate that BC is important in DA of multiple observations and that the simultaneous DA of aerosol observations with different vertical information can work synergistically to improve aerosol forecasts.
Paleolimnological evidence of environmental change in Chinese lakes over the past two centuries

ABSTRACT Human activity and climate change have driven complex physical and ecological changes in China’s inland waterbodies. Many lakes are facing serious problems with degraded ecosystem functions and services, driven by multiple factors. Knowledge of how lakes change and respond to these drivers is crucial for sustainable lake management. Paleolimnological records provide highly resolved time-series data of long-term lake environmental change. We review how local paleolimnological studies and regional syntheses are improving understanding of the current status of Chinese aquatic ecosystems and revealing new insights into the changes that occurred in the past, such as eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, aquatic community change, and ecosystem shifts. We examine how these changes are related to natural and anthropogenic environmental stressors and consider the use of paleolimnological methods for defining reference conditions and setting ecological and chemical restoration targets. Despite past progress, we suggest that increased incorporation of paleolimnological information into policy and decision-making is needed for evidence-based adaptive management to enhance the sustainability of lake ecosystem functions and reduce long-term risks.
Current outcome of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Clinical assessment, Disease activity, Functional ability and Articular and Extra-Articular damage.

Objective: To investigate the impact of chronic arthritis on children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( JIA) after five years of illness by using Childhood Assessment Quality of Life (CHAQ). And to evaluate the consistency of the clinical and patient’s assessment factors used in CHAQ. Methods: A Cross sectional study to assess patients who had JIA for five years or more. Clinical assessment, Disease activity status, CHAQ disability index (CHAQ-DI), Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were assessed. Juvenile arthritis damage index for articular ( JADIA) and Extra-articular ( JADIE) were considered. The correlations of different CHAQ factors scores, the effect of duration of disease (DOD) on CHAQ-DI were statistically assessed. Results: 74 patients with JIA were enrolled for the study. JIA category; Oligo: 36, Poly: 19, Systemic: 7 and Enthesitis related arthritis (ERA): 12. Patients with systemic-JIA reported more disease activity than other categories. JADIE showed uveitis, mainly in Oligo (30.5%). The inter-correlation of different CHAQ indicators value was statistically significant. However there was no significant effect of DOD on CHAQ-DI score. Conclusion: CHAQ scores in our patients with JIA after 5 years of illness weighs the same values as in other studies. The HRQOL in JIA doesn’t significantly change after five years of the illness. Moreover, clinical indicators in CHAQ have an effect on other CHAQ arms after 5 years of illness.
CAMERON-QUINN ÖRGÜT KÜLTÜRÜ TİPLERİ İLE YENİLİKÇİLİK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yogun rekabet ortaminda, her bir orgutun amaci yeni musteriler kazanarak devamliligi saglamaktir. Bu kapsamda yaratici bakis acisina sahip bireylerin, yeniliklerin uretilmesi icin orgutlerde bir arac teskil etmektedir. Soz konusu durum ancak kisisel bilgileri, becerileri ve yetenekleri sayesinde kuruluslarin rekabet edebilmelerine yardimci olacak yenilikci fikirler uretmek ile mumkundur. Orgut degiskenlerinden biri olan orgut kulturunun devamliliginda rekabet gucunun artmasi ve surekli iyilestirilmesi, orgutlerin hayatta kalarak basariya ulasmalari icin temel bir kosuldur. Arastirmanin amaci Cameron-Quinn orgut kulturu tipleri ile yenilikcilik iliskisini ortaya cikarmaktir. Arastirmada yenilikci kulturun orgut kulturu ile iliskisi, her iki degiskeni de konu alan amprik calismalarin incelenmesi ile belirlenmistir. Cok sayida literatur incelendikten sonra, orgutsel kulturlerin baglilik, memnuniyet, liderlik ve yenilikcilik gibi diger degiskenlerle iliskisi oldugu, yenilikci kulturun ise risk alabilme, belirsizligi kabul etme, musteri odaklilik, grup calismasi, karar verme ve orgutsel guven gibi cesitli ozellikler tasimakta oldugu bu tespit edilmistir.
Feasibility analysis of standalone PV powered battery using SEN for Smart Grid

In Smart Grid (SG) communication network, sensors integrated communication radios namely ZigBee, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth are becoming urgent and crucial part of SG wireless communication. Sensor nodes are generally battery powered. With the enhancement and huge utilization of sensor technologies, batteries have not been improved significantly at the same pace. However, batteries are essential to power the sensor nodes and there is no alternative of this energy bank. Therefore, to provide seamless power to the nodes is a challenge when the nodes are meant for integrating distributed renewable generations for years. Necessitate of the battery replacement is not often cost effective when the batteries are drained out. This paper presents a feasibility study of standalone Photovoltaic (PV) powered battery using Sensors-radios integrated Embedded Node (SEN) for SG application. In this study, we have analyzed charging characteristics of a lead-acid battery that can be recharged during day time by a PV module. The aim of this research is to testify the two simultaneous jobs- (i) the battery is sufficient to power Sensors-ZigBee integrated Arduino (SZA) for at least one day operation, (ii) scrutiny the optimal size of PV for recharging the battery considering three different day variations- average, cloudy, and full rainy day. The result from real data analysis reveals that the module is sufficient to recharge the battery on an average day; however, it is not sufficient for full cloudy or full rainy day. Finally, a mathematical model is obtained from regression analysis that shows battery internal resistance is exponential to voltage on both full cloudy and rainy day, but it is linear on average day.
High-Resolution Printing of Complex Fluids Using Blister-Actuated Laser-Induced Forward Transfer

Blister-actuated laser-induced forward transfer (BA-LIFT) is a nozzle-less, layer-bylayer, additive printing technique capable of printing chemically and mechanically sensitive materials. In this process, a laser pulse is focused on a solid polymer film, which is coated with the liquid material to be transferred. This solid film absorbs the laser pulse energy and forms a rapidly locally expanding blister that deforms the liquid film and leads to jet formation. If the laser pulse energy is sufficient, the formed jet breaks up into one or more droplets through Rayleigh-Plateau instability and result with material transfer. As BA-LIFT can be used to print materials, it also offers a unique setup to study physics of liquid jets. This thesis examines in detail the fluid mechanics of jet formation from viscoelastic liquids using BA-LIFT as a tool to generate jets that undergo high rates of deformation. An analytical model is presented to include the rheology of complex fluids into consideration to predict the printing regime, a priori. In the next chapters, a numerical model is developed to capture the physics of viscoelastic filament thinning and resolve the flow parameters. In addition, a numerical model is developed to simulate BA-LIFT, and this model is validated with previous experiments. Supported by experiments, these two models are combined to reveal the effects of viscoelastic parameters on droplet formation with BA-LIFT. The last part of the thesis explores two separate experimental techniques to increase the resolution of the BA-LIFT technique using the phenomenon called flowfocusing. One method focuses on the formation of steady, meniscus-shaped liquid-air interface inside microfabricated holes on the polymer layer. The other technique creates transient, meniscus-shaped liquid-air interface through the creation of Faraday waves. Both methods enable jetting at subthreshold laser pulse energies, and the resulting jets break up into smaller droplets, which increase the resolution of the BA-LIFT process. iii
Effectiveness of Australian cooking skill interventions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of cooking skill interventions (CSIs) targeting adults to improve dietary intakes in public health nutrition settings. Design/methodology/approach A scoping review of the literature was used to identify and assess the quality and effectiveness of Australian single-strategy CSIs and multi-strategy programmes that included cooking for independent healthy people older than 16 years from 1992 to 2015. Findings There were only 15 interventions (n=15) identified for review and included CSIs as single strategies (n=8) or as part of multi-strategy programmes (n=7) over 23 years. The majority of the interventions were rated as weak in quality (66 per cent) due to their study design, lack of control groups, lack of validated evaluation measures and small sample sizes. Just over half (53 per cent) of the CSIs reviewed described some measurement related to improved dietary behaviours. Research limitations/implications There is inconclusive evidence that CSIs are effective in changing dietary behaviours in Australia. However, they are valued by policymakers and practitioners and used in public health nutrition programmes, particularly for indigenous groups. Originality/value This is the first time that CSIs have been reviewed in an Australian context and they provide evidence of the critical need to improve the quality CSIs to positively influence dietary behaviour change in Australia.