Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation in methane emission from stored slurry and solid manures

Methane (CH{sub 4}) is an important greenhouse gas and recent inventories have suggested that livestock manure makes a significant contribution to global CH{sub 4} emissions. The emission of CH{sub 4} from stored pig slurry, cattle slurry, pig solid manure, and cattle solid manure was followed during a 1-yr period. Methane emission was determined by dynamic chambers. Emission rates followed a ln-normal distribution for all four manures, Indicating large spatial and seasonal variation& Monthly geometric means for pig slurry, cattle slurry, pig solid manure, and cattle solid manure varied from 0.4 to 35.8, 0.0 to 34.5, 0.4 to 142.1, and 0.1 to 42.7 g CH{sub 4} m{sup -3} d{sup -1}, respectively. For slurries CH{sub 4} emission rates increased significantly with storage temperatures, the Q{sub 10} value ranging from 14 to 5.7 depending on slurry type. The presence of a natural surface crust reduced CH{sub 4} emission from slurry by a factor of 11 to 12. Surface crust effects declined with increasing slurry temperature. Solid manures stored in dungheaps showed significant heat production. Pig solid manure temperatures were maintained at 30 to 60{degrees}C throughout most of the year, while cattle solid manure temperatures were close to ambient levels until late spring, whenmore » heat production was initiated. Methanogenesis in solid manure also increased with increasing temperatures. For pig solid manure, CH{sub 4} emission rates peaked at 35 to 45{degrees}C. No distinct temperature optimum could be detected for cattle solid manure, however, temperatures rarely exceeded 45{degrees}C. The Q{sub 10} values for dungheaps ranged from 2.7 to 10.3 depending on-manure type and Q{sub 10} temperature interval. Annual CH{sub 4} emissions from pig slurry, cattle slurry, pig solid manure, and cattle solid manure were estimated at 8.9, 15.5, 27.3, and 5.3 kg animal{sup -1} yr{sup -1}, respectively. 27 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs. « less
Re-analysis of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of ozone

A re-analysis of the Huggins and Hartley bands in the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of O3 is presented in which the structure in both bands is assigned to vibrational progressions in the symmetric stretching mode ν1 and the bending mode ν2 but not the asymmetric stretching mode ν3. The present improved fit of a larger range of bands results in relatively large anharmonicity terms, whereas previous assignments have relied on the motion being largely harmonic in the upper state. From a consideration of the shape of single surface required to support both sets of vibrational data, it is concluded that the Huggins bands almost certainly terminate on the 2 1A1 state rather than the 1 1B2 state.
Desain Komunikasi Visual (DKV) dalam Era Revolusi Industri 4.0

Revolusi industri 4.0 dapat diartikan akan terjadi perubahan besar dan radikal dalam bidang ekonomi, politik, sosial dan budaya. Dampak tersebut juga berimbas pada dunia pendidikan atau profesi di bidang Desain Komunikasi Visual (DKV). Bersamaan pengembangan teknologi informasi dan digital di era tersebut juga akan mengubah berbagai ketrampilan, pengetahuan serta sikap ilmiah. Melalui cara pandang yang berubah dan mampu menyesuaikan diri merupakan sikap untuk menghadapi hal tersebut, sebab hadirnya Revolusi industri 4.0 akan menjadi tantangan sekaligus peluang. Meskipun demikian proses kreatif desainer DKV tidak semata dideterminasi teknologi digital saja, tetapi juga harus bisa merawat, mengembangkan dan mendiseminasikan nilai-nilai lokal kontekstual berkarakter Indonesia untuk mengglobal.
Rice Aroma and Flavor: A Literature Review

ABSTRACT Descriptive sensory analysis has identified over a dozen different aromas and flavors in rice. Instrumental analyses have found over 200 volatile compounds present in rice. However, after over 30 years of research, little is known about the relationships between the numerous volatile compounds and aroma/flavor. A number of oxidation products have been tagged as likely causing stale flavor. However, the amounts of oxidation products, singly or collectively, that need to be present for rice to have stale or rancid flavor have not been established. Only one compound, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP; popcorn aroma) has been confirmed to contribute a characteristic aroma. Furthermore, 2-AP is the only volatile compound in which the relationship between its concentration in rice and sensory intensity has been established. This article discusses the challenges of measuring aroma and flavor instrumentally and by human sensory panels and reviews research examining the effects of genetic, preharvest, and postha.
Very low threshold single quantum well graded‐index separate confinement heterostructure InGaAs/InGaAsP lasers grown by chemical beam epitaxy

We have succeeded in preparing 1.5 μm wavelength strained‐layer graded‐index separate confinement heterostructure (GRINSCH) InGaAs/InGaAsP single quantum well (SQW) injection lasers by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE). These lasers have extremely low threshold current density Jth of 170 A/cm2, internal quantum efficiency of 83%, and internal waveguide loss of 3.8 cm−1. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the best values obtained thus far from long‐wavelength InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum well injection lasers grown by any techniques. However, despite the recent rapid reduction in Jth, the threshold‐temperature dependence remains poor (T0=45 K) even in these very low Jth GRINSCH SQW lasers.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and the risk of aortic dissection—A pharmacovigilance analysis

There are concerns by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regarding a potential link between tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF‐TKIs) and the risk of aortic dissection. Elevation of blood pressure induced by VEGF‐TKIs has been discussed as part of the pathomechanism. To address this important safety issue, we conducted a large pharmacovigilance study assessing the risk of aortic dissection reporting associated with the use of VEGF‐TKIs, thereby exploring the role of blood pressure. We queried the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System from 2004 to 2019 for reports including VEGF‐TKIs and aortic dissection and estimated reporting odds ratios (RORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of aortic dissection associated with the use of VEGF‐TKIs. Secondary analyses stratified by the strength of blood pressure elevation (≥10 mmHg vs. <10 mmHg increased systolic or diastolic bloods pressure) and pre‐existing arterial hypertension. There were 81 reports of aortic dissection related to VEGF‐TKIs during the study period. VEGF‐TKIs were associated with an increased risk of aortic dissection reporting (ROR, 4.31; 95% CI, 3.43 to 5.42). The risk was higher among compounds strongly increasing blood pressure (ROR, 5.33; 95% CI, 3.88 to 7.32) than among compounds moderately increasing blood pressure (ROR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.83 to 4.27). Pre‐existing arterial hypertension did not modify the association. Overall, our study showed an increased risk of aortic dissection reporting associated with the use of VEGF‐TKIs. Blood pressure elevation seems to play a role in the pathophysiology of this adverse effect.
Effect of expiratory muscle training on peak cough flow in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: A randomized controlled trial

Cough is an important defense and airway clearance mechanism for removing thick and viscous secretions in cystic fibrosis (CF). The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of expiratory muscle training (EMT) on peak cough flow (PCF) and secondly on respiratory muscle functions, functional exercise capacity, and quality of life (QoL) in CF.
Dual roles of the Serine/Arginine-rich splicing factor SR45a in promoting and interacting with nuclear cap-binding complex to modulate the salt stress response in Arabidopsis.

Alternative splicing (AS) is emerging as a critical co-transcriptional regulation for plants in response to environmental stresses. Although multiple splicing factors have been linked to the salt-sensitive signaling network, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. We discovered that a conserved SR-like protein, SR45a, as a component of the spliceosome, was involved in post-transcriptional regulation of salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, SR45a was required for the AS and mRNA maturation of several salt-tolerance genes. Two alternatively spliced variants of SR45a were induced by salt stress, full-length SR45a-1a and the truncated isoform SR45a-1b, respectively. Lines with overexpression of SR45a-1a and SR45a-1b exhibited hypersensitive to salt stress. Our data indicated that SR45a directly interacted with the cap-binding complex (CBC) subunit cap-binding protein 20 (CBP20) which mediated salt stress responses. Instead of binding to other spliceosome components, SR45a-1b promoted the association of SR45a-1a with CBP20, therefore mediating salt stress signal transduction pathways. Additionally, the mutations in SR45a and CBP20 led to different salt stress phenotypes. Together, these results provide the evidence that SR45a-CBP20 acts as a regulatory complex to regulate the plant response to salt stress, through a regulatory mechanism to fine-tune the splicing factors, especially in stressful conditions.
The Use of Rifaximin in Patients With Cirrhosis

Rifaximin is an oral nonsystemic antibiotic with minimal gastrointestinal absorption and broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity covering both gram‐positive and gram‐negative organisms. Rifaximin is currently used worldwide in patients with cirrhosis for preventing recurrent HE because its efficacy and safety have been proven by large randomized clinical trials. In the last decade, experimental and clinical evidence suggest that rifaximin could have other beneficial effects on the course of cirrhosis by modulating the gut microbiome and affecting the gut‐liver axis, which in turn can interfere with major events of the pathophysiological cascade underlying decompensated cirrhosis, such as systemic inflammatory syndrome, portal hypertension, and bacterial infections. However, the use of rifaximin for prevention or treatment of other complications, including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or other bacterial infections, is not accepted because evidence by clinical trials is still very weak. The present review deals in the first part with the potential impact of rifaximin on pathogenic mechanisms in liver diseases, whereas in the second part, its clinical effects are critically discussed. It clearly emerges that, because of its potential activity on multiple pathogenic events, the efficacy of rifaximin in the prevention or management of complications other than HE deserves to be investigated extensively. The results of double‐blinded, adequately powered randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of rifaximin, alone or in combination with other drugs, on hard clinical endpoints, such as decompensation of cirrhosis, acute‐on‐chronic liver failure, and mortality, are therefore eagerly awaited.
Preparation of PEG-modified wool keratin/sodium alginate porous scaffolds with elasticity recovery and good biocompatibility.

To improve mechanical properties of keratin (KR) porous scaffolds, we prepared a PEGylated keratin through thiol-ene click reaction. Several porous scaffolds were prepared by blending PEGylated keratin with sodium alginate (SA). The surface morphology, mechanical properties, and porosity of scaffolds were detailed studied at different KR/SA proportions. The results showed the content of SA had an effect on pore formation and mechanical properties. When the mass ratio of KR to SA was 2:1, the stress of yield point of the keratin porous scaffold reached 1.24 MPa, and also showed good deformation recovery ability. The PEGylated keratin porous scaffold had a high porosity and great cytocompatibility. Its' porosity is up to 81.7% and the cell viability is about 117.78%. This allows it to absorb the simulated plasma quickly (9.20 ± 0.37 g/g). In addition, the structural stability and acid-base stability of the keratin porous scaffold were also improved after PEGylation. Overall, the PEGylated keratin porous scaffold will be promising in tissue materials due to its great physical, chemical, and biological properties.
Development of an in vitro coculture device for the investigation of host–microbe interactions via integrative multiomics approaches

The commensal gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila is well known as a promising probiotic candidate that improves host health and prevents diseases. However, the biological interaction of A. muciniphila with human gut epithelial cells has rarely been explored for use in biotherapeutics. Here, we developed an in vitro device that simulates the gut epithelium to elucidate the biological effects of living A. muciniphila via multiomics analysis: the Mimetic Intestinal Host–Microbe Interaction Coculture System (MIMICS). We demonstrated that both human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco‐2) and the anaerobic bacterium A. muciniphila can remain viable for 12 h after coculture in the MIMICS. The transcriptomic and proteomic changes (cell–cell junctions, immune responses, and mucin secretion) in gut epithelial cells treated with A. muciniphila closely correspond with those reported in previous in vivo studies. In addition, our proteomic and metabolomic results revealed that A. muciniphila activates glucose and lipid metabolism in gut epithelial cells, leading to an increase in ATP production. This study suggests that A. muciniphila improves metabolism for ATP production in gut epithelial cells and that the MIMICS may be an effective general tool for evaluating the effects of anaerobic bacteria on gut epithelial cells.
Synthesis and Enhanced Visible-Light Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of p−n Junction BiOI/TiO2 Nanotube Arrays

p−n junction BiOI/TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTs) were prepared by coating BiOI on the tube wall of the self-organized TiO2 NTs using a novel impregnating−hydroxylation method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV−vis absorption spectroscopy. The photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) activity toward degradation of methyl orange (MO) aqueous solutions under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) by p−n junction BiOI/TiO2 NTs was investigated. The results from the current study demonstrate that the as-prepared BiOI/TiO2 junction NTs display much greater PEC activity than the respective pure BiOI and TiO2 counterparts due to the synergetic effects of several factors including the strong visible absorption, the formation of p−n junction, and the impact of external electrostatic field. The proposed mechanism responsible for the enhanced performance was further confirmed .
Multidrug resistant staphylococci isolated from pigs with exudative epidermitis in North eastern Region of India

Exudative epidermatitis or greasy pig disease (GPD) is a contagious disease of pig and endemic worldwide caused by toxigenic strains under genus Staphylococcus. The present study reported an outbreak of GPD in Champhai district of Mizoram adjoining to the southern border of Myanmar. A total of 60 samples were collected from 22 clinically affected animals and processed for isolation and identification of Staphylococcus spp. All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity assay, biofilm production assay and detection of virulence genes, biofilm genes and mec genes followed by cloning and sequencing for phylogenetic analysis. A total of 44 staphylococci belonged to four species (S. sciuri, S. aureus,S. lentus, and S. hyicus) were isolated. Majority of the isolates were multidrug resistant with maximum resistance against ampicillin, penicillin including vancomycin. None of the S. hyicus isolates was methicillin resistant (MRSH) but 66·67% isolates were MRSA. By PCR, mecA gene was detected in S. aureus (n = 2), S. sciuri (n = 4) and S. lentus (n = 3). Biofilm associated gene icaD was detected in S. aureus (n = 3), S. sciuri (n = 5), S. hyicus (n = 4) and S. lentus (n = 6). The exfoliative toxin genes (ehxB, shetA and tsst1) were detected in S. hyicus (n = 3) and S. aureus (n = 1) isolates. All the isolates were closely related with the isolates from pigs of China, Germany, Japan and USA. The pathogens might be transmitted through illegal migration of pigs from Myanmar to India.
Measurement of the Electrical Resistance of n-Type Si Microwire/p-Type Conducting Polymer Junctions for Use in Artificial Photosynthesis

The junction between n-type silicon microwires and p-type conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate)) was investigated using a soft contact method. Dopant levels within the microwires were varied during growth to give a highly-doped region for improved contact and a low-doped region for light absorption. The low-doped region of the microwires had a dopant density of 5 X 10(17) cm(-3) while the highly-doped region had an increased dopant density of 5 X 10(18) cm(-3) over similar to 20 mu m. Uniform, highly-doped microwires, with a dopant density of 4 X 10(19) cm(3), were used as a comparison. Regions of highly-doped n-type Si microwires (N-D = 5 X 10(18) cm(-3) and 4 X 10(19) cm(-3)) contacted by PEDOT:PSS showed a significantly lower junction resistance compared to the low-doped (3 X 10(17) cm(-3)) regions of the microwire. Junctions incorporating the metal catalyst used during growth were also investigated. Microwires with copper at the interface had similar currentvoltage characteristics to those observed for the highly-doped microwire/conducting polymer junction; however, junctions that incorporated gold exhibited significantly lower resistances, decreasing the iR contribution of the junction by an order of magnitude with respect to the total voltage drop in the entire structure.
Intercalation compounds based on vanadium(V) oxide xerogel

Data published during the last 15 years on the intercalation of metal and n-alkylammonium ions, organic molecules and organometallic complexes in vanadium(V) oxide xerogel are generalised and described systematically. The possible mechanisms of intercalation processes are considered. The possibility of using hybrid materials in electrochemical and optical devices and as precursors for the preparation of anhydrous and nanotubular forms of oxide compounds is discussed. The bibliography includes 159 references.
Spatially-resolved spectroscopic optical emission of dc-magnetron sputtering discharges in argon-nitrogen gas mixtures

The spatially-resolved spectroscopic optical emission of various lines of a dc-magnetron sputtering discharge (with cylindrical symmetry) is studied. The discharge works with an aluminium-based alloy cathode. Ar-N2 gas mixtures are used. Emission lines corresponding to the cathode (Al) and the gas discharge species (Ar, N2 , N2 + , N) are considered. The three-dimensional emission profiles, I (r , z ), of the lines are measured, where r is the distance from the centre of the cathode and z is the height from the cathode. I (r , z ) profiles are studied as a function of the total pressure, the gas composition and the electrical power. In order to compare the results, I (r , z ) profiles are fitted with an empirical analytical function. It turns out that the three-dimensional emission profiles of the various lines behave differently. The results are understood by taking into account the motion of electrons in our measured magnetic field distribution and the role of electrons in populating the upper levels of the optical transitions.
Encapsulation-Free Local Delivery of BDNF Enhances Recovery in Stroke-Injured Rats

Until the early 1990s it was common belief that the adult brain did not possess the capacity to change or regenerate. We now know that the adult brain is not static and is able to repair itself to a small degree. Through examination of endogenous processes, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a key modulator of plasticity in both the healthy and stroke-injured brains, and benefits to recovery have been demonstrated upon its administration; yet, current delivery strategies are highly invasive or inefficient. The work presented herein describes an effective, biomaterial-based strategy for minimally invasive local delivery of BDNF using a revolutionized approach to control protein release. BDNF incorporation into a composite consisting of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and a hyaluronan and methyl cellulose (HAMC) hydrogel provided sustained release of the protein, using electrostatics to control release without encapsulation. When delivered epi-cortically to a rat endothelin-1 model of stroke injury, BDNF diffused from the HAMC/PLGA composite into the lesioned tissue and resulted in improved early forelimb recovery and delayed hindlimb performance enhancement. Tissue analysis revealed synaptic iii plasticity in the contralesional hemisphere at the time of sacrifice, suggesting that these behavioural effects were due to increased plasticity in the uninjured tissue. These studies validate the use of BDNF for plasticity-mediated stroke treatment and provide a minimally invasive strategy for effective, local delivery to the brain.
CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON BY EBIC

The paper presents diffusion-length and contrast data for large-grained polycrystalline silicon. Rapid thermal annealing was observed to improve the material quality whereas conventional annealing in evacuated quartz ampoules made the material worse. Evidence for significant potential barriers and conduction at certain grain boundaries and for gettering action of defects was found.
Synthesis and modification of two-dimensional crystalline silicon nanosheets

Soft chemical synthesis of silicon nanosheets (SiNSs) and functionalized modified SiNSs are reviewed. Free standing SiNSs with sub-nanometer thicknesses have been prepared by exfoliating layered silicon compounds, and they are found to be composed of crystalline single-atom-thick silicon layers. SiNSs are new silicon nanomaterials, as are silicon nanoparticles and nanowires. Organic modified SiNS can be prepared by modifying a layered polysilane, which has an analogous structure to that of graphite, and this allows the properties of the SiNS to be controlled in order to make it suitable for particular applications. The potential applications of these SiNSs and organic modified SiNSs are also reviewed.
Preparation and Characterization of Some Lithium Insertion Anodes for Secondary Lithium Batteries

The ambient temperature preparation and characterization of Li{sub {ital x}}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Li{sub {ital x}}WO{sub 2}, and {beta}-LiAl with potential applications as alternative anodes for secondary Li batteries are described. Both {alpha} and {gamma} forms of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} were found to insert a maximum of six Li/Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} both electrochemically and chemically. The potential plateaus associated with the electrochemical reduction of the two forms of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} varied slightly. Both {alpha}-Li{sub 6}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} and {gamma}-Li{sub 6}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} were amorphous and showed a practically useful rechargeable capacity of about 1 equiv of Li at the moderate rate of 0.5 mA/cm{sup 2}. Li{sub {ital x}}WO{sub 2} also loses substantial crystallinity upon Li insertion. However, most of the crystallinity was regained upon removal of the Li. It was found to be capable of cycling nearly 1 equiv of Li at low rates. Several Li-Al alloys having the {beta}-LiAl structure were prepared at ambient temperature from Al powder and Li-naphthalide. The rechargeability of the chemically prepared {beta}-LiAl was poor.