Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local Sugars Alternatives for Tissue Culture of Dendrobium Hybrid CV. Sonia

In developing countries, commercial exploitation of tissue culture technology is limited by high cost of production. An Assessment of the effectiveness of using low cost alternative sugars for the in vitro micropropagation of Dendrobium cv. Sonia was investigated. Protocom-Like Bodies (PLBs) were multiplied in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium with 3.0mgL -1 benzyl adenine (BA) and 15% (v/v) coconut water. After the fifth subculture, 48.9% of the PLBs showed abnormal growth and 17.0% turned brown. PLBs after the first subculture were transferred to solidified MS medium with 01.mgL -1 BA , 1.0 mgL -1 NAA, 15% (v/v) coconut water, 20gL -1 analytical grade sucrose and local sugars such as refined brown sugar, refined dark brown sugar, unrefined dark brown sugar, refined white sugar and super refined white sugar. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between analytical grad sucrose and local sugars. Healthy PLBs were obtained on solidified MS media supplemented with 20gL -1 refined brown, refined dark brown, unrefined dark brown and super refined white sugars. Browning of PLBs was obtained on MS medium with 20gL -1 refined local white sugars. Results indicated that when local sugars are used, the cost incurred on the importation of analytical grade sucrose can be reduced by more than 99%. Keywords: sugars, Protocorm-like bodies, Murashige and Skoog medium, cost
Revisiting radiosonde upper air temperatures from 1958 to 2002

HadAT is a new analysis of the global upper air temperature record from 1958 to 2002 based upon radiosonde data alone. This analysis makes use of a greater number of stations than previous radiosonde analyses, combining a number of digital data sources. Neighbor buddy checks are applied to ensure that both spatial and temporal consistency are maintained. A framework of previously quality controlled stations is used to define the initial station network to minimize the effects of any pervasive biases in the raw data upon the adjustments. The analysis is subsequently expanded to consider all remaining available long-term records. The final data set consists of 676 radiosonde stations, with a bias toward continental Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. Temperature anomaly time series are provided on 9 mandatory reporting pressure levels from 850 to 30 hPa. The effects of sampling and adjustment uncertainty are calculated at all scales from the station series to the global mean and from seasonal to multidecadal. These estimates are solely parametric uncertainty, given our methodological choices, and not structural uncertainty which relates to sensitivity to choice of approach. An initial analysis of HadAT does not fundamentally alter our understanding of long-term changes in upper air temperature changes.
The impact of climate change on rice yield in Bangladesh: a time series analysis

Rice is the staple food of about 158 million people of Bangladesh, but the increasing climate change vulnerabilities and global warming are severely reducing the yield of various rice crops and may threaten the food security in the country. Therefore, this study is undertaken to examine the potential impact of climate change on the yield of three different rice crops (namely, Aus, Aman and Boro) in Bangladesh. A multiple regression analysis using OLS method is employed to assess the climate-crop yield interrelations on the basis of country level time series data for the period 1972-2014. We find that all the climate variables have had significant impact on rice yield over the period under study, but these effects vary among three different rice yields. Our findings also reveal that maximum temperature is statistically significant and negatively affect the yield of all three rice crops. In contrast, minimum temperature is highly significant and have positive impact on the yield of Boro rice only. Furthermore, rainfall is found significant for all rice yields with positive effects on Aus and Aman rice and adverse effects on Boro. However, humidity has a statistically significant effect on the yield of all three rice crops. Nevertheless, the influences of maximum temperature and rainfall are more prominent compared with that of minimum temperature and humidity on rice yield in Bangladesh. Our findings emphasize the importance of adaptation of temperature-tolerant rice varieties, and suggest that sustainable agricultural development may play a vital role in mitigating adverse climate change effects.
A comparative analysis of the meaning of 'learnability' for child and adult users

The learnability principle relates to improving the usability of software, as well as the user’s performance and productivity. The latter suggest that the principle was formulated mainly with the adult user group in mind. Children represent an important user group, but fewer guidelines exist for their educational and entertainment applications. This study compares these groups, addressing the question: ‘Does learnability of software interfaces have a different meaning for children and adults? ’ A literature survey conducted on learnability and learning processes, considered the meaning of learnability across generations. In an empirical investigation, users aged from 9 to 12 and from 35 to 50 were observed in a usability laboratory while learning to use educational software applications. Eye tracking data was also recorded. Insights emerged from data analysis showing different tactics when children and adults use unfamiliar software, and revealing aspects of interfaces that they approach differently. Our re-interpretation of the learnability principle and the resulting design recommendations will help designers to distinguish the varying needs of users of different ages, and improve the learnability of their designs.
Researches on the dynamics of phytomass accumulation in winter wheat cultivated on brown soils.

The knowledge of fhytomass accumulation dynamics in winter wheat, correlated to concrete edaphic and climatic conditions, race and cultivation technologies, offers the possibility of guiding the process toward the realization of higher and stable production efficiency per surface unit. Research and production results were employed at the elaboration of the present work, mainly original researches developed by author referring to the phytomass accumulation dynamics in winter wheat cultivated on brown-luvic soils in central area of the Western Plain of Romania. Data from scientific literature were also used in the present work. The theoretical and practical importance as compared to other similar works is enhanced by a strict reference to a particular area in western Romania. The present work is adding new information to an actual scientific area of interest and offers technical solutions for efficient technical interventions in correlation with biological capacity of the plant to put them into value.
Investigation of near-infrared fluorescence and photobleaching of human volar side fingertips in vivo: antioxidants and melanin

Noninvasive in vivo blood glucose determination in the skin of volar side of human fingertips by near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy relies on fluorescence to quantify blood volume. Fluorescence does not only come from blood, which is composed of plasma and red blood cells; in fact, most fluorescence produced by human fingertips originates in the static tissues, e.g. skin, interstitial fluid, etc. It will soon be possible to quantify the precise contributions of red blood cells, plasma, and static tissue to the overall fluorescence emission. Observations reveal a systematic decay in fluorescence, which, if not caused by blood movement, challenges our ability to accurately determine blood glucose. In this work, it was found that the fluorescence decay was, in fact, not a result of a blood movement, but instead a chemical change of the static tissues decreasing their fluorescent properties. To identify possible photobleachable material, a series of in vitro experiments were performed on various antioxidants and the skin pigment melanin. While none of the antioxidants were found to fluoresce, it was observed that melanin fluoresces, photobleaches, and does not significantly recover its photobleaching. This allows for a deeper understanding as to the chemistry underlying the effect of photobleaching and how it may be accounted for in regards to this technique for glucose measurement.
Monetary Policy in a Small Emerging Economy: Exploring Desirable Interest Rate Rules *

Although there is considerable literature on optimal interest rate rules for industrial countries, little research has been undertaken to investigate suitable rules for emerging countries that confront a different mix of shocks and have a fear of floating. This paper uses a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model to explore desirable interest rate rules for a small emerging economy. The relative performance of different rules is shown to depend on the criterion used for evaluation and the type of shocks faced by the economy. The paper identifies conditions under which a vigorous inflation targeting policy is desirable even in the presence of concerns about exchange rate variability.
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPETITIVENESS DURING THE ECONOMIC DOWNTURN

The authors of the article analyze the interaction between corporate social responsibility and competitiveness during the economic downturn. The paper is focused on corporate social responsibility as factor enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises during the economic downturn. Under the impact of scientific, technological, educational, cultural and economic changes the concept of competitiveness has assuming a new meaning. The competitiveness of enterprises is increasingly linked to their ability to respond to the needs of society. The paper deals with the impact of economic downturn on competitiveness of Lithuanian enterprises. The economic downturn negatively impacted on the performance of Lithuanian enterprises and so on its competitiveness too. The impacts of economic downturn on competitiveness of enterprises were financial, economic and organizational. Researched the benefit of corporate social responsibility for the competitiveness of enterprises, the authors found that an active development of socially responsible principles and practice helped enterprises to survive better the economic downturn, was beneficial not only for enterprises but also for society and became an important factor for enhancing competitiveness of enterprises in difficult economic times. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.em. 18.1. 4005
Fabrication Methodologies of Biomimetic and Bioactive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

Tissue engineering has offered wide technologies for developing functional biomaterials substitutes for repair and regeneration of damaged tissue and organs. Biomimetic materials with their inherent nature to mimic natural materials are possible through the recent advances in the fabrication technology. With the help of porous or dense implants made with biodegradable materials, it is possible to incorporate different vital growth factors, genes, drugs, stem cells and proteins. In this review, we presented various fabrication methodologies of biomimetic and bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. An overview of the nanocomposites of biomaterials is presented. Further an example of one of the hybrid nanocomposite material is given for additive manufacturing.
Correlation as a Pricing Factor for Oil Derivatives

The goal of our paper is to show how correlation between convenience yield and commodity spot price must be and can be integrated to valuate commodity derivatives. This incorporation can be done in addition to usual factors: market prices of risk (Casassus and Collin-Dufresne, 2005) and/or stochastic volatility (Nielsen and Schwartz, 2004; Richter and Sorensen, 2006). While not discussed in this paper for ease of presentation, we could also take into account jumps (Hilliard and Reis, 1998; Koekebakker and Lien, 2004) in addition to stochastic correlation. Indeed, Cuchiero et al. (2011) derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of affine-jump matrix valued processes. Their framework enables the modeling of the above cited stylized facts while keeping the usual tractability of the affine framework to price derivatives as well as to estimate their parameters.
The class of 
(
P
7
,
C
4
,
C
5
) ‐free graphs: Decomposition, algorithms, and 
χ ‐boundedness

As usual, P n ( n ≥ 1 ) denotes the path on n vertices, and C n ( n ≥ 3 ) denotes the cycle on n vertices. For a family H of graphs, we say that a graph G is H ‐free if no induced subgraph of G is isomorphic to any graph in H . We present a decomposition theorem for the class of ( P 7 , C 4 , C 5 ) ‐free graphs; in fact, we give a complete structural characterization of ( P 7 , C 4 , C 5 ) ‐free graphs that do not admit a clique‐cutset. We use this decomposition theorem to show that the class of ( P 7 , C 4 , C 5 ) ‐free graphs is χ ‐bounded by a linear function (more precisely, every ( P 7 , C 4 , C 5 ) ‐free graph G satisfies χ ( G ) ≤ 3 / 2 ω ( G ) ). We also use the decomposition theorem to construct an O ( n 3 ) algorithm for the minimum coloring problem, an O ( n 2 m ) algorithm for the maximum weight stable set problem, and an O ( n 3 ) algorithm for the maximum weight clique problem for this class, where n denotes the number of vertices and m the number of edges of the input graph.
Mapping water in protostellar outflows with Herschel - PACS and HIFI observations of L1448-C

Context. Water is a key probe of shocks and outflows from young stars because it is extremely sensitive to both the physical conditions associated with the interaction of supersonic outflows with the ambient medium and the chemical processes at play. Aims. Our goal is to investigate the spatial and velocity distribution of H2O along outflows, its relationship with other tracers, and its abundance variations. In particular, this study focuses on the outflow driven by the low-mass protostar L1448-C, which previous observations have shown to be one of the brightest H2O emitters among the class 0 outflows. Methods. To this end, maps of the o-H2O 1(10)-1(01) and 2(12)-1(01) transitions taken with the Herschel-HIFI and PACS instruments, respectively, are presented. For comparison, complementary maps of the CO(3-2) and SiO(8-7) transitions, obtained at the JCMT, and the H-2 S(0) and S(1) transitions, taken from the literature, were used as well. Physical conditions and H2O column densities were inferred using large velocity gradient radiative transfer calculations. Results. The water distribution appears to be clumpy, with individual peaks corresponding to shock spots along the outflow. The bulk of the 557 GHz line is confined to radial velocities in the range +/- 10-50 km s(-1), but extended emission at extreme velocities (up to v(r) similar to 80 km s(-1)) is detected and is associated with the L1448-C extreme high-velocity (EHV) jet. The H2O 1(10)-1(01)/CO(3-2) ratio shows strong variations as a function of velocity that likely reflect different and changing physical conditions in the gas that is responsible for the emissions from the two species. In the EHV jet, a low H2O/SiO abundance ratio is inferred, which could indicate molecular formation from dust-free gas directly ejected from the proto-stellar wind. The ratio between the two observed H2O lines and the comparison with H-2 indicate averaged T-kin and n(H-2) values of similar to 300-500 K and 5 x 10(6) cm(-3), respectively, while a water abundance with respect to H-2 of about 0.5-1x10(-6) along the outflow is estimated, in agreement with results found by previous studies. The fairly constant conditions found all along the outflow imply that evolutionary effects on the timescales of outflow propagation do not play a major role in the H2O chemistry. Conclusions. The results of our analysis show that the bulk of the observed H2O lines comes from post-shocked regions where the gas, after being heated to high temperatures, has already been cooled down to a few hundred K. The relatively low derived abundances, however, call for some mechanism that diminishes the H2O gas in the post-shock region. Among the possible scenarios, we favor H2O photodissociation, which requires the superposition of a low-velocity nondissociative shock with a fast dissociative shock able to produce a far-ultraviolet field of sufficient strength.
Internal tides, nonlinear internal wave trains, and mixing in the Faroe-Shetland Channel

[1] A semidiurnal internal tide and trains of near-bed nonlinear internal waves were observed on the southeastern bank of the Faroe-Shetland Channel. The depth-integrated M2 internal tide energy flux was 140 W m−1 up-slope and 154 W m−1 along-slope to the southwest. The majority of the energy flux was contained within the main pycnocline, where the slope was supercritical. A numerical model of the M2 tide successfully reproduces the observed maxima in the pycnocline but overestimates depth-integrated baroclinic energy fluxes by 15%–45%. The model results suggest that the internal tide in the channel is generated at multiple sites, including the northwestern bank and the Wyville Thomson Ridge. On the northern flank of the ridge, modeled energy fluxes are over an order of magnitude larger than in the channel, >5 kW m−1. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate inferred from the observed internal tide energy flux, by assuming that all the energy in the pycnocline was dissipated on the slope, was 1.3 × 10−7 W kg−1, a factor of 4 larger than that inferred from Thorpe scale analysis (3 × 10−8 W kg−1). This suggests that the high level of mixing on the slope can be accounted for by the internal tide, even if the majority of the energy was reflected. The nonlinear internal wave energy flux was up-slope and intermittent; peak energy fluxes reached 200 W m−1 but were typically of order 10 W m−1. The wave trains were likely tidally forced and may have been a nonlinear manifestation of the internal tide.
Genetic analysis of preharvest sprouting tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.)

Rains during grain ripening in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can cause preharvest sprouting (PHS), which drastically affects the grain yield and the baking quality of flour. In the present study, to screen 7 cultivars and 4 lines of spring bread wheat for PHS, germination tests were conducted with seeds obtained from wet spikes harvested immediately after natural rainfall. Germination tests were carried out as 3 different treatments: 1) seeds immediately germinated after hand-threshing on sampling day (T1), 2) seeds germinated 1 week later after hand-threshing (T2), and 3) 10 intact spikes kept on paper under laboratory conditions at room temperature, hand threshed and then put to germinate 7 days later (T3). Red-grained cultivars Sagitario and Pandas, red-grained line F6 0314.76/Mrl, and white-grained cultivar Sunlin showed the higher PHS tolerance, while other wheat cultivars and lines were found to be susceptible to PHS under all treatment conditions. To evaluate the mode of inheritance and combining ability of PHS tolerance, a diallel cross was made between 3 white-grained (susceptible) and 2 red-grained wheat (resistant) cultivars. Analysis of variance for combining ability showed the predominance of an additive gene effect for PHS tolerance, as the variance of the general combining ability was higher than the specific combining ability for both percent germination and germination index. Pandas and Sagitario showed positive contributions toward increasing PHS tolerance in the F1 progenies. Results presented in this study will provide useful information for wheat breeders about PHS tolerance or dormancy level in commonly grown wheat cultivars in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, and help them in the development of white wheat cultivars with an inherently higher sprouting tolerance.
The analysis of real estate investment value based on prospect theory-- with an example in Hainan province

A decision-making method which considers double reference points and prospect theory is proposed. First, construct the positive and negative value matrix based on the double reference points (positive ideal point and zero point), then, the weight of every criterion is obtained by using the entropy method, thus, the decisionmaking weight when faced with gains and losses is acquired, and all the projects are sorted according to the comprehensive prospect value based on prospect theory. Finally, the investment value of the real estate market in Hainan Province is evaluated to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
Nonlinear finite element analysis of four-pile caps supporting columns subjected to generic loading

The paper presents the development of an adaptable strut-and-tie model that can be applied to the design or analysis of four-pile caps that support axial compression and biaxial flexure from a supported rectangular column. Due to an absence of relevant test data, the model is validated using nonlinear finite element analyses (NLFEA). The results indicate that the use of the proposed model would lead to safe and economical designs. The proposed model can be easily extended to any number of piles, providing a rational procedure for the design of wide range of pile caps.
Revanchist Urbanism Heads South: The Regulation of Indigenous Beggars and Street Vendors in Ecuador

Much of the discussion surrounding neoliberal urbanism has been empirically grounded in the North. This paper shifts the discussion south to focus on the regulation of indigenous street vendors and beggars in the Andean nation of Ecuador. Inspired by zero tolerance policies from the North, the cities of Quito and Guayaquil have recently initiated urban regeneration projects to cleanse the streets of informal workers, beggars, and street children. In this paper, I explore the particular and pernicious ways in which these neoliberal urban policies affect indigenous peoples in the urban informal sector. Grounded in the literature on space, race and ethnicity in the Andes, I argue that Ecuador's particular twist on revanchism is through its more transparent engagement with the project of blanqueamiento or “whitening”. I further argue that Ecuador's “refinement” of revanchist urban policies only works to displace already marginalised individuals and push them into more difficult circumstances.
Clinical presentation and outcome in diabetic foot cases: a prospective study in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Uttarakhand, India

The prevalence of diabetes worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and is projected to be 4.4% in the year 2030, with the total number of people with diabetes expected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. Approximately 42 million cases are reported in India and India is ranked first in the list of the ten nations most affected with diabetes. Among diabetes mellitus related complications; approximately 15% of diabetic patients during their life time are affected by foot ulceration (one of the most common complication of diabetes). Among non-traumatic lower extremity amputations, diabetic foot (DF) is the main cause, and precedes 85% of the cases. The development of a foot ulcer is the cumulation of a combination of peripheral vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy and infection. Aim of this study was to know the clinical presentation of soft tissue infections, their management and outcomes in diabetic foot.