Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health in the Era of the Internet of Things: A Domain-Specific Modelling Language

Based on the cultural, social and technological development of the last hundred years, the pursuit of health driven by primal instincts has been transformed in most areas worldwide into a quasi de facto standard. But this security is deceptive. Not only the global developments of the last few months, but also creeping factors such as demographic change or the steadily growing world population are putting increasing pressure on the healthcare system. Today, more and more health care systems based on continuous demand for medical resources are increasingly reaching their limits. Technologies such as the Internet of Things are not a panacea, but offer great potential for increasing the flexibility and efficiency of healthcare systems. However, the development of such IoT-based healthcare systems requires a holistic understanding of the information technology as well as the domain itself. Against this background, the paper presents a domain-specific modelling language for IoT-based healthcare systems.
Tell me the Truth: Separating Fact from Fiction in Social Media Following Extreme Events

With increased reliance on social media to spread important information during extreme events, users’ reported inability to distinguish fact from fiction is a growing concern. This experiment (N=398) tests whether feedback training improves performance in identifying true and false social media content during extreme events. Respondents completed two sets of 16 binary classification judgments (true or false) of actual social media posts following either natural disasters or soft-target terror attacks. Respondents randomly assigned to the feedback training condition received feedback after each of the 16 training judgments, while those assigned to the control condition did not receive any feedback following the training judgments. Feedback training did not increase social media content classification performance for either natural disasters or soft-target terror events. Individuals’ performance for correctly identifying false content was negatively related to selfidentified political conservatism and was positively related to a measure of cognitive reflection.
Machine Learning for Readability Assessment and Text Simplification in Crisis Communication: A Systematic Review

In times of social media, crisis managers can interact with the citizens in a variety of ways. Since machine learning has already been used to classify messages from the population, the question is, whether such technologies can play a role in the creation of messages from crisis managers to the population. This paper focuses on an explorative research revolving around selected machine learning solutions for crisis communication. We present systematic literature reviews of readability assessment and text simplification. Our research suggests that readability assessment has the potential for an effective use in crisis communication, but there is a lack of sufficient training data. This also applies to text simplification, where an exact assessment is only partly possible due to unreliable or non-existent training data and validation measures.
Rebuilding Trust in Cryptocurrency Exchanges after Cyber-attacks

Cryptocurrency exchanges are subjected to cyber-attacks and cryptocurrencies worth millions of US dollars are lost every year. The value of cryptocurrencies is volatile and the cyber-attacks on the exchanges make them even more volatile. Whenever these cyber-attacks happen, the customers might lose their trust not only on a given exchange but also in cryptocurrencies in general. Hence, the exchanges need to rebuild trust among their current and potential customers after a cyber-attack. In this paper, we present findings from a study on cyber-attacks on seven different exchanges, focusing on how they responded after the cyber-attacks to rebuild customers’ trust. Analyzing the responses of current and potential customers to the trust rebuilding techniques used by the exchanges, we also assessed the efficiency of these techniques.
A Review of the Applications of Affordance Theory in mHealth App Research

Humans’ relationships with objects are a crucial theoretical phenomenon in the visual perception field. Gibson contributed to the field by introducing Affordance Theory. His theory explains that humans do not interact with objects unless they perceive what the objects can afford or offer them. This position has created an ongoing debate leading IS researchers, among others, to apply the theory differently following two schools of thought. One school highlights the existence of IT artifact’s affordances to users’ perceptions and the IT artifact’s features merging together. The other school emphasizes that the IT artifact’s affordances are already embedded in its design and features. This review compares various applications of the theory made by the two schools, focusing on mHealth app studies. A framework including the various useful arguments is presented in order to guide researchers toward a better utilization and to help designers to improve IT artifact’s usability and usefulness.
Blockchain Framework in Digital Government for the Certification of Authenticity, Timestamping and Data Property

In an ever more digitized world where information and data are increasingly dematerialized, the question of how to certify intellectual property and define when a document has been created or modified without the presence of any third-party guarantor inevitably arises. This document proposes a decentralized method that, by exploiting blockchain technology and distributed peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, makes it possible to historicize information in such a way that it is not possible for a user to alter its dating, attribute ownership or modify it by impersonating the author. The data certification (document, image, film, data archive, etc.) takes place through the creation of an immutable relationship between the owner and the data. At the legal level, many countries are beginning to regulate blockchain technology to use in many areas, such as the production chain, the Internet of Things or Public Administration. In this paper, we present a solution to promote digital government and greater transparency, using a framework based on the Ethereum blockchain, a smart contract and a decentralized application.
Resourcing Digital Competence in Product Development: A Computational Study of Recruitment at Volvo Cars

Competence renewal is an intrinsic part of digital transformation. However, digital competence is generic competence – it is function-agnostic and not tied to the specifics of a firm’s product portfolio. It typically does not fit established institutional structures. Therefore, it is particularly complicated for product-developing firms to develop digital competence, since functional decomposition and profound specialization prevent necessary knowledge
Design Triggers for Excessive Online Video Clip Watching

Addiction in the context of information technology gained increased public interest within the last years. Only recently, companies like Apple, Google, or Instagram announced to fight “Smartphone Addiction” and integrated respective features in their systems. However, if and how such features help is still an open question. Right now, there is only a very rudimentary understanding of addictions in information systems and “IT-triggered disorders''. Even in clinical research, there is no consensus on the nature of such addictions yet. This work researches how design adaptations interfere with “Excessive Online Video Clip Watching”. We base our assumptions on the reinforcement cycle of disorder development and the Four-Component Model for Non-addictive Information Systems (4-NAIS). A study with 186 participants is performed, indicating that bridging findings from Psychology and Neurosciences to Information Systems is necessary to design information systems that are capable of tackling the problem of “IT-triggered disorders”.
Towards a Machine Learning-based Decision Support System for Dispatching Helicopters in New Zealand

Helicopters play an important role in emergency medical service systems worldwide. In sparsely populated countries like New Zealand with long distances between hospitals, helicopters are often the best way to help critically injured patients. As helicopters are extremely costly, they should only be dispatched when really necessary. In this paper, we use data from the South Island of New Zealand to test several Machine Learning approaches and show that they can be used to support dispatchers by identifying emergencies likely to require a helicopter response. We follow a non-static dataset, as the information is successively available during an emergency, and demonstrate that even a limited approach, based only on geographic incident information, can yield an Average Precision of 94% for highlighting critical emergencies. In the latter parts of this paper, we investigate different compositions of training data to assess the impact of a potential concept drift.
A Shoulder-Surfing Resistant Scheme Embedded in Traditional Passwords

Typing passwords is vulnerable to shoulder-surfing attacks. We proposed a shoulder-surfing resistant scheme embedded in traditional textual passwords in this study. With the proposed scheme, when the password field is on focus, a pattern appears in it as a hint to tell the user how to enter a password. Following the hint, the user needs to skip some characters while typing the password. The characters to be skipped are randomly selected so that an observer will not be able to see the whole password even if the authentication procedure was recorded. We evaluated the proposed scheme in a usability study. Compared to traditional passwords, our scheme achieved a similar level of accuracy while only required marginal additional time to authenticate users. Participants also expressed significantly higher acceptance of the new technique for security-sensitive applications and gave it significantly higher ratings in perceived security, shoulders-surfing resistance, camera-recording resistance, and guess-attack resistance.
Organizational Aspects of Cyber Security in Family Firms - an Empirical Study of German Companies

In the context of increasing digitalization and net-working, the importance of cyber security for family businesses is also growing and is moving onto the management agenda as a cross-divisional, group-wide challenge. A study of 184 German companies shows that although family businesses identify cyber security as a relevant field of action, they do not take sufficient account of the organizational framework and process implementation. This paper is dedicated to the investigation of this phenomenon. Possible causes of this phenomenon are dis-cussed. Based on this, recommendations for action are given.
Who Stays in the Game? Similarities and Differences Between Current and Former Digital Games Players

Former players offer important yet underutilized insights into the norms and expectations of game communities. Research to date has focused on players who have left particular games, but little is known about the broader forces that lead some players to ultimately quit games altogether. In this paper we report on the results of a nationally representative survey of the US adult population where respondents were asked about their leisure activities, including if they currently or have previously played digital games. By identifying patterns amongst people who quit as compared to people who remain active players, our goal is to better understand the factors that push or pull people away from gaming. Doing so contributes to the literature on digital game players broadly, while also potentially making it easier for game scholars to identify—and subsequently recruit—former players to participate in games-related research. Implications for future research recruitment are discussed.
Social Capital in Online Temporary Organizations: Addressing Critical, Complex Tasks through Deliberation

Temporary organizations—small, task-focused, time-bound, agile groups—exist in mass collaborations to address tasks outside of existing procedures. Given that mass collaborations are informal and voluntary, this study explores the impact of social network attributes (cohesion and diversity) in temporary organizations on task completion. We suggest that participants’ prior shared experience and demonstrated knowledge of the larger organization in online temporary organizations, traits of cohesion, and working less often with the same people, evidence of diversity, lead to greater likelihood of successful task completion. Contrary to predictions, however, the less consistent the participant contributions, the lower the likelihood of successful task completion.
Knowledge Identity (KI): A New Approach to Integrating Knowledge Management into Enterprise Systems

Despite the extensive studies about KM over the past four decades, the discipline still lacks a clear and practically comprehensive understanding of how KM can be integrated into enterprise systems. To a high degree, the issue is associated with the ambiguous assumptions taken by organizations about knowledge. Many of the assumptions of information systems theories about knowledge require revision, particularly how knowledge is managed. Conceptualizing knowledge as processed data and information has led contemporary design and implementation of enterprise systems to fail to capture the complexity of knowledge. In this article, we critically examine these views. We argue that the answer to the question as to how and to what extent enterprise systems can support KM, depends on the assumptions that organizations take towards the nature and sources of knowledge. To address this question, we introduce the concept of Knowledge Identity (KI) and a model of Enterprise Knowledge Integration.
Chronic Complainers or Increased Awareness? The Dynamics of Social Media Customer Service

Despite that social media has become a promising alternative to traditional call centers, managers hesitate to fully harness its power because they worry that active service intervention may encourage excessive use of the channel by disgruntled customers. This paper sheds light on such a concern by examining the dynamics between brand-level customer complaints and service interventions on social media. Using details of customer-brand interactions of 40 airlines on Twitter, we ﬁnd that more service interventions indeed cause more customer complaints, accounting for the online customer population and service quality. However, the increased complaints are primarily driven by the awareness enhancement mechanism rather than by chronic complainers. Furthermore, holding everything else ﬁxed, high-quality care leads to fewer future complaints. The managerial implication is clear: ﬁrms shall implement a more active, prompt, and effective strategy, which can redirect customers to this cost-effective service channel and ultimately reduce customer churn.
Understanding Data Analytics Practices in Kansas City: The Importance of Multi-Level Stewardship, Collaborative Governance and an Incremental Strategy

Local governments face complex challenges and are increasingly pressured to find innovative strategies to address them. Recently, they are leveraging data analytics and a number of policy modeling techniques to respond to those challenges. While a lot of attention is given to smart initiatives and data analytics endeavors in big cities, not enough studies have looked at experiences of smaller jurisdictions, who also have to solve difficult and often relatively unique problems. This paper examines how Kansas City, Missouri (KCMO) is currently using data analytics as a means of creating useful information for problem-solving around the city. As part of the What Work Cities network, the city embraced data-driven management as a new modus operandi and has been recognized nationally as a successful case. Among the main findings, it can be highlighted that: (1) data analytics can be kick started by committed public leadership, but is enabled organically by stewards who have traditionally and iteratively responded to information needs from a variety of local government agencies; and (2) stakeholders and organizations that are involved with data analytics have different capabilities, face different challenges, and frequently adopt incremental strategies that include data management and governance aspects.
Context-Aware Digitalization - Adapting solution development to the organizational context of SMEs

In the context of digital transformation, it is mandatory for most organizations to conduct information systems development (ISD) projects as part of their digitalization and business development journey. One reason that many ISD projects fail is lack of knowledge about which ISD method (ISDM) is most suitable for the project at hand and how to adapt it to reflect the respective business development context. These problems especially occur in small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as they often lack specific methodological skills and project governance experience – so they cannot even manage ISD consultancies that promise to support them in their digital transformation. In this conceptual paper, we present the design of a method for selecting and using ISDM for SMEs. It considers both the context dependency and missing project governance skills of SMEs. The main components of the proposed method link the knowledge areas of business development and ISD: business context evaluation, ISDM selection and ISDM management.
Bouncing Back after a Crisis: Lessons from Senior Management Team to Drive IS Resilience

In this paper, we adopt Agency Theory and Weill and Ross’s IT Governance framework to examine the decision priorities of senior executives and board of directors in the context of IS resilience planning, which falls under the broader umbrella of IT governance. As identified in our earlier research, although research was conducted on the topics of organizational resilience, and IT governance, there is a gap in the extant literature on IS resilience. In this study we also expand the basic assumptions of Agency theory. We present a case study of the Jade Software Corporation, in which we use Q-methodology to develop a typology of decision priorities for IS resilience planning. Our analysis revealed two types of decision-makers, each representing a unique perspective of IS resilience. These types are discussed, along with implications of findings, a theoretical framework for IS resilience, and suggestions for future research.
Challenges, Barriers, and Approaches for Providing Digital Citizen Information. A Case-Study in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

In this article, we present a case study of the limitations and barriers concerning digital citizen information systems in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany. We deﬁne citizen information as information that satisﬁes citizens’ needs and interests regarding their country, state, or municipality. Local governments can use information systems in the form of ofﬁcial websites, social media, council information systems, mobile applications, and open data portals to disseminate information. Aspects like transparency, participation, and collaboration can thereby be strengthened. We assessed citizens’ views of such systems via a questionnaire and addressed their wishes in expert interviews. The results suggest that NRW has good prerequisites to provide digital citizen information systems, but the municipalities still have to overcome several barriers. We suggest six central approaches: development of a social media strategy, creation of digital competences, establishment of standards, strategies for increasing awareness, development of innovative services, and strengthening cooperation between municipalities.
Visualizing the Evolution of the AI Ecosystem

This study examines the evolution of the complex, emerging artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem. Grounded in multiple theories, we introduce a conceptual framework that maps emerging ecosystem dynamics in terms of firm funding and exits. Using a curated dataset of nearly 10,000 ventures and 31,000+ funding/exit activities, we visualize the trajectory of 15 core technology segments of the AI ecosystem as connected scatterplots and compute several salient path measures for each, including path length, velocity, number of loops, and L-shapes. Our visual analysis reveals several path patterns across the four quadrants of our framework and highlights the evolutionary growth and consolidation across segments. We discuss our findings in terms of initial conditions (market size, funding, technology hype), platformication, and geographic concentration. Our study contributes to our data-driven understanding of ecosystem dynamics.
Simulating Municipal Cybersecurity Incidents: Recommendations from Expert Interviews

As cyberattacks on city and public infrastructures become increasingly common and harmful, it is critical that we train the professional workforce to prepare and respond appropriately. This paper supports the development of educational simulations and related experiential learning exercises that help prepare city and public infrastructure personnel to effectively respond to cybersecurity attacks. Speciﬁcally, it synthesizes the ﬁndings from 8 expert interviews including 12 cybersecurity experts from federal, state, city organizations, as well as academics with relevant expertise. We organize the ﬁndings into key learning outcomes, scenarios, roles, and issues that simulation designers should consider. The result paints a vivid picture of the complex socio-technical context of city and public infrastructure attacks and responses and the most salient skills needed to respond to them.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Different Dyes Using TiO2 with High Surface Area: A Kinetic Study

Nanocrystalline TiO 2 was synthesized by using one step sol-gel method and characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. UV-Vis spectroscopic technique has been used for studying the photocatalytic degradation kinetics of methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR). A comparative study with commercial TiO 2 (P25) was also done to find out the effectiveness of this synthesized TiO 2 . The synthesized TiO 2 exhibited a high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB and CR but the commercial TiO 2 was more efficient. Keywords : Nanocrystalline TiO 2; Methylene Blue; Congo Red; Photocatalytic degradation kinetics. © 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2. 11641 J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), xxx-xxx (2013)
Influence of solvent and counterion on sodium-23(1+) spin relaxation in aqueous solution

The contributions of solvent screening and fluctuations to the 23 Na + NMR quadrupolar relaxation rate in a model aqueous ion pair, sodium dimethylphosphate, have been studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Four specific relative interionic geometries are considered, corresponding to models of association of sodium ions with DNA in both inner-sphere and outer-sphere complexes. Analysis of the autocorrelation function of the electric field gradient (efg) at the sodium nucleus indicates correlation times comparable to those for the unpaired ion. The influences of the short-ranged and Coulombic interactions on the efg at the sodium nucleus have been evaluated