Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Will mobile Internet use become commonplace in the U.S.

It is a fact that mobile phone use is different between Americans and Japanese although many people own mobile phones in both countries. The most significant difference is mobile phone Internet use. This involves people using the Internet via their own mobile phones. This paper will focus attention on some differences of mobile phone Internet use between the U.S. and Japan. Also, this paper will look into the reasons why mobile phone use in the U.S. is different from Japan and discuss whether mobile phone Internet use will be well received in the U.S. By analyzing data closely, this paper will argue that mobile phone Internet use will not become commonplace in the U.S. Will mobile Internet use become commonplace in the U.S.? Introduction Motivation to Study Through my stay in the U.S. for one and a half years, it can be found some differences between Americans and the Japanese in my American life. One of the biggest differences is mobile phone use although many people have mobile phones in both countries. In reality, mobile phone use is different between Americans and the Japanese. In other words, the degree of dependence on a mobile phone in Japan is much higher than in the U.S. Many Japanese spend most of their time using mobile phones. For example, "Mobile Suica," "i-mode Felica," "QR code. " "Mobile Suica" is an Integrated Circuit (IC) card system embedded in a mobile phone for automatic ticket gates, "i-mode Felica" is an electronic money system that has never prevailed in Japan, and "QR code" is a twodimensional code for a convenient access to websites. In addition, Aomori University in Japan has adopted an attendance control system via a mobile phone. This system requires that students have mobile phones. Moreover, some new business models regarding a mobile phone have been generated, such as mobile-phone strap, mobilephone cover, design mobile phone, and music/song download. For this reason, in public places, many people can be seen concentrating on the display of their own mobile phones. It has become a social problem that many people crash into other people on the street. In short, Japanese are heavily dependent on mobile
A Study on the Impact of Currency Fluctuation on the Indian IT Sector

The last twelve months have seen the Indian Rupee (INR) soaring to new highs against the Dollar (USD), and subsequently falling to new lows. This has been a key concern, with the INR rising notably from around INR 47/$ level in July 2007 to its level around INR 38/$ in September 2007, and back to around INR 43/$ currently. This is expected to have had an impact on the Information Technology (IT) sector, which mainly depends on the earnings from exports of software and hardware products, and also from the services of the Indian IT workforce in the US. The present study analyses the impact of this INR/USD exchange rate fluctuation on the Indian IT sector as a whole, and surveys the different types of measures/strategies adopted by IT companies to mitigate this impact. The analysis is performed on a random sample of fifty major IT companies, and uses the concept of foreign exchange exposure to assess the same. The results of the study showed that FOREX exposure was especially alarming for a small fraction of small-cap IT companies. The mid-cap and large-cap IT companies had relatively low/moderate exposure levels. The majority of large-cap companies had already hedged their FOREX risk, and were not significantly affected by their respective FOREX exposures.
Author clustering with the Aid of a Simple Distance Measure

A simple distance measure has been applied to the author clustering problem to determine which documents are written by the same author. This simple distance measure works with the probability distribution of character sequences of a document, making it insensitive to language differences. The top most frequent features k, where k is chosen to be 300, determine the distribution where punctuation is present. Also, the uppercase letters are transformed to lowercase symbols, while a threshold of 3.0 remains for the symmetric distance score. In addition, character 2-grams are chosen due to their best outcomes. Using the BCubed F-score provided, it achieves a score of 0.54 on the training set and a score of 0.53 on the test set with a relative low MAP score. Obtaining clusters from links still shows problems.
Chunking Ability Shapes Sentence Processing at Multiple Levels of Abstraction

Several recent empirical findings have reinforced the notion that a basic learning and memory skill—chunking—plays a fundamental role in language processing. Here, we provide evidence that chunking shapes sentence processing at multiple levels of linguistic abstraction, consistent with a recent theoretical proposal by Christiansen and Chater (2016). Individual differences in chunking ability at two different levels is shown to predict on-line sentence processing in separate ways: i) phonological chunking ability, as assessed by a variation on the non-word repetition task, predicts processing of complex sentences featuring phonological overlap; ii) multiword chunking ability, as assessed by a variation on the serial recall task, is shown to predict reading times for sentences featuring long-distance number agreement with locally distracting number-marked nouns. Together, our findings suggest that individual differences in chunking ability shape language processing at multiple levels of abstraction, consistent with the notion of language acquisition as learning to process.
Adoption of Good Management Practices by Aquafarmers

The study was conducted among the aquafarmers in four selected districts viz., Trichur, Alleppey, Ernakulam and Kannur in Kerala. Data were collected on the extent of adoption of good management practices among the sample respondents. Of the 10 practices evaluated, the adoption scores were higher for six practices viz., preparation of ponds (93.15%), eradication of predators and weeds (85.39%), use of PGR tested seeds (84.47%), use of recommended feeding schedule (77.63%), water exchange and quality monitoring (71.69%) and harvesting after prescribed days of culture (70.32%). The extent of adoption of each practice varied significantly (p < 0.01) among the aquafarmers with the overall mean adoption score of 70.09% (n=73). The variables viz., number of training programmes undergone, number of information sources utilized and expert services availed, were found to have positive relationship with the extent of adoption. Regression analysis revealed that of the seven variables, only one variable viz., number of training programmes undergone had contributed significantly (p < 0.05) towards the extent of adoption of improved practices.
Project finance in Asia Pacific : practical case studies

About the author Preface Introduction Government Arrangers and advisers Funding Contractors Asia-Pacific risk profile Bankruptcy Sectors Conclusions Notes 1. Santa Rita Background Project summary Ownership Project structure Contracts Fuel supply Financing structure Risk analysis Credit analysis Problems encountered Lessons learned Notes 2. GVK Industries Limited Background Project summary Ownership Contracts Financing structure Risk analysis Credit analysis Problems encountered Lessons learned Notes 3. Hero Asia Background Ownership Contracts Financing structure Risk analysis Credit analysis Potential problems Lessons learned Notes 4. Southern Cross Cable Network Background 68 Project summary Ownership Project contracts Financing structure Innovation Risk analysis Problems encountered Lessons learned 77 Notes 5. Laem Chabang Port Background Project summary Ownership Contracts Project finance structure Credit analysis Risk analysis Problems encountered Lessons learned Notes 6. West Coast Port Background Ownership Project summary Contracts Financing structure Risk analysis Credit analysis Problems encountered Current status of project Notes Appendix 1: Summary of the concession agreement Appendix 2: Details of Mumbai and Kandla ports 7. Noida Bridge Background Ownership Contracts Financing structure Risk analysis Credit analysis Problems encountered Lessons learned Notes 8. Penang Bridge Background Ownership Contracts Financing structure Risk analysis Credit analysis Problems encountered Lessons learned Notes Appendix: Islamic lending facilities 9. Brisbane Airtrain Background Project summary Ownership Contracts Financing structure Risk analysis Credit analysis Potential problems Lessons learned Notes 10. Australian Railroad Group Background Ownership Contracts Financing structure Risk analysis Credit analysis Problems encountered Lessons learned Notes 11. GSZ East Superhighway Background Project summary Ownership Contracts Financing structure Risk analysis Credit analysis Problems encountered Lessons learned Notes 12. Chengdu No. 6 Background Project summary Ownership Contracts Financing structure Risk analysis Problems encountered Lessons learned Notes 13. Ras Laffan Background Project summary Ownership Contracts Financing structure Risk analysis Credit analysis LNG Problems encountered Lessons learned Subsequent events Notes 14. Murrin Murrin Background Project summary Ownership Contracts Financing structure Risk analysis Credit analysis Problems encountered Lessons learned Notes 15. Korea Zinc Background Project summary Ownership Contracts Financing structure Risk analysis 229 Credit analysis Problems encountered Lessons learned Notes 16. Batu Hijau Background Project summary Contracts Financing structure Risk analysis Credit analysis Problems encountered Lessons learned Notes Glossary Index
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: An Overview of Cardiovascular Risks

While aspirin may offer protection, other non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause serious cardiovascular side effects and complications. This has led to a general "black box" warning for cardiovascular adverse events for NSAIDs. This review explores the different mechanisms underlying the protective effects of aspirin, the NSAID associated renovascular effects causing hypertension, edema and heart failure, the cardiovascular effects causing myocardial infarction and stroke, and the possible deleterious interaction between NSAIDs and aspirin.
Financial Analysts' Forecast Revisions as Evidence of the Usefulness of Form 20f Reconciliations and Disclosures

This paper contributes to the ongoing debate resulting from the SEC's requirement that foreign firms that trade on US exchanges reconcile their domestic financial statements to US GAAP. We address this issue by examining whether financial analysts revise their earnings forecasts following the filing of the 20F information. Since analysts are among the most informed market participants, their use (or lack of use) of the Form 20F information should provide direct evidence regarding the relevance of the 20F. Our results support that analysts use the earnings reconciliations contained in Form 20F, but we find no evidence that analysts use the equity reconciliations contained therein. We also find no evidence that analysts use the additional (item 18) US GAAP disclosures in Form 20F.
Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV: evaluation of a pilot programme in a district hospital in rural Zimbabwe

Abstract Problem Zimbabwe has one of the highest rates of HIV seroprevalence in the world. In 2001 only 4% of women and children in need of services for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV were receiving them. Design Pilot implementation of the first programme for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in rural Zimbabwe. Setting 120 bed district hospital in Buhera district (285 000 inhabitants), Manicaland, Zimbabwe. Key measures for improvement Programme uptake indicators monitored for 18 months; impact of policy evaluated by assessing up-scaling of programme. Strategies for change Voluntary counselling and testing services for HIV were provided in the hospital antenatal clinic. Women identified as HIV positive and informed of their serostatus and their newborn were offered a single dose antiretroviral treatment of nevirapine; mother-child pairs were followed up through routine health services. Nursing staff and social workers were trained, and community mobilisation was conducted. Effects of change No services for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV were available at baseline. Within 18 months, 2298 pregnant women had received pretest counselling, and the acceptance of HIV testing reached 93.0%. Of all 2137 women who had an HIV test, 1588 (74.3%) returned to collect their result; 326 of the 437 HIV positive women diagnosed had post-test counselling, and 104 (24%) mother-child pairs received nevirapine prophylaxis. Lessons learnt Minimum staffing, an enhanced training programme, and involvement of district health authorities are needed for the implementation and successful integration of services for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV. Voluntary counselling and testing services are important entry points for HIV prevention and care and for referral to community networks and medical HIV care services. A district approach is critical to extend programmes for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in rural settings. The lessons learnt from this pilot programme have contributed to the design of the national expansion strategy for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in Zimbabwe.
Targeting the CD80/CD86 costimulatory pathway with CTLA4‐Ig directs microglia toward a repair phenotype and promotes axonal outgrowth

Among the costimulatory factors widely studied in the immune system is the CD28/cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA4)‐CD80/CD86 pathway, which critically controls the nature and duration of the T‐cell response. In the brain, up‐regulated expression of CD80/CD86 during inflammation has consistently been reported in microglia. However, the role of CD80/CD86 molecules has mainly been studied in a context of microglia‐T cell interactions in pathological conditions, while the function of CD80/CD86 in the regulation of intrinsic brain cells remains largely unknown. In this study, we used a transgenic pig line in which neurons express releasable CTLA4‐Ig, a synthetic molecule mimicking CTLA4 and binding to CD80/CD86. The effects of CTLA4‐Ig on brain cells were analyzed after intracerebral transplantation of CTLA4‐Ig‐expressing neurons or wild‐type neurons as control. This model provided in vivo evidence that CTLA4‐Ig stimulated axonal outgrowth, in correlation with a shift of the nearby microglia from a compact to a ramified morphology. In a culture system, we found that the CTLA4‐Ig‐induced morphological change of microglia was mediated through CD86, but not CD80. This was accompanied by microglial up‐regulated expression of the anti‐inflammatory molecule Arginase 1 and the neurotrophic factor BDNF, in an astrocyte‐dependent manner through the purinergic P2Y1 receptor pathway. Our study identifies for the first time CD86 as a key player in the modulation of microglia phenotype and suggests that CTLA4‐Ig‐derived compounds might represent new tools to manipulate CNS microglia. GLIA 2015;63:2298–2312
Comparison and verification of boost control methods for full soft-switching bidirectional current-fed isolated full-bridge DC-DC converter

There are numerous galvanically isolated current-fed step-up dc-dc converter with soft-switching. Usually, soft-switching is associated with circulating energy that causes additional power losses and duty cycle loss. At the same time, the output voltage is stabilized by means of the shoot-through duty cycle control. However, new control possibilities were enabled in the novel concept of full soft-switching clampless current-fed converters that were introduced recently. Those converters feature controllable circulating energy, which can be used for improvement of the voltage step-up performance together with the shoot-through duty cycle control. This paper is focused on experimental comparison of two different methods of voltage step-up regulation for the full soft-switching clampless current-fed converters using full-bridge topology. These methods are compared in terms of power losses, input current ripple level, regulation range, etc. Theoretical findings were corroborated by means of 300 W experimental prototype.
Daily stress, cortisol, and sleep: the moderating role of childhood psychosocial environments.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore whether childhood family environments moderated the relation between daily stress and daily biological outcomes (sleep, cortisol output) in healthy young adults. DESIGN There were 87 participants, ages 19 to 25 who provided information on characteristics of their childhood family environment (conflict, parental warmth). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES For 1 week they completed a daily stress checklist via electronic diary, provided salivary cortisol samples 4 times a day, and wore an Actiwatch to measure sleep (minutes, efficiency). Data was analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. RESULTS Family risk significantly moderated the relation between daily number of stressors and sleep minutes (b = -12.10, p = .02), such that the more difficult one's childhood environment, the less sleep individuals got on days in which they experienced a greater number of stressors. Parental warmth moderated the relation between stress severity and cortisol output (b = -0.19, p = .04), such that the less parental warmth individuals received during childhood, the more cortisol they secreted on days that they experienced more severe stress. CONCLUSIONS The childhood psychosocial environment may have long-term effects on biological responses to daily stress, creating vulnerability to disease in individuals from difficult childhoods.
Catgut allergy in eye muscle surgery. I. Correlation of eye reaction and skin test using plain catgut.

Introduction For several years we have recognized an unusual eye reaction in some children after eye muscle surgery. The reaction appears unexpectedly, most often about one week after the operation. It is characterized by discomfort and itchiness of the eye, chemosis and hyperemia of the conjunctiva, and edema of the eyelids. The symptoms usually subside in 12 to 48 hours. At times the eye signs appear within 24 hours after operation. In these cases the reaction frequently is more intense and may persist for a week if untreated. We have been unable to relate the reaction to infection, to the amount or type of operation, or to the use of local eye medication. To study the possibility that the eye reaction was due to an unusual response to catgut, simultaneous observations were made of eye reaction and the cutaneous response to catgut inserted at the time of operation in 219
Using Metadata Signals to Support Stigmergy

Wikipedia, the “free encyclopedia that anyone can edit”, has evolved substantially over the years according to the editors’ needs for more coordination and better quality management. In particular, metadata in the form of “templates” added to pages have come to play a critical role, working in a sense like stigmergic “stigmata” or “signals” which editors use to orient the efforts of their colleagues. We wonder whether such signals can be used to actually coordinate more effectively the collective efforts of editors. Based on an empirical analysis of two types of signals in Wikipedia, namely the “unsimple” and “NPOV” templates, we provide mixed evidence to support this claim. The effectiveness of stigmergic metadata signals appears to be affected by the division of labor within the Wikipedia community between core and more peripheral members.
Oral Cyclosporine Weekend Therapy: A New Maintenance Therapeutic Option in Patients with Severe Atopic Dermatitis

: Cyclosporine A (CyA) is a systemic therapy used to control severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in children, but its use may be associated with serious side effects. Intermittent short-course therapy has been used to minimize these risks without the loss of clinical benefits. We conducted a 20-week study using intermittent short-course CyA therapy in five patients with severe AD and a Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) score >40. The result was a reduction in the cumulative dose of CyA and serum CyA level, which allows for a longer duration of CyA treatment and decreases the risk of relapse in patients with severe AD.
INCIDENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIA CAUSING BOVINE AND OVINE CLINICAL MASTITIS IN JORDAN

Twelve dairy herds and 6 Awassi sheep flocks were used in this study. Milk samples were obtained and cultured from 169 reported clinical cases which occurred during the study period and comprised of 108 quarters and 61 udder halves (60 cows and 45 ewes). The incidence of clinical mastitis expressed as the number of clinical cases per 100 cow or ewe-months was 3.35±0.6 and 2.23±0.33 percent, respectively. Of the 169 mastitic. milk samples, 15 samples grew no microorganism in culture. Of the total of 170 poitive samples, 40 (29 from cows and 11 from ewes) samples indicated the presence of more than one type of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common (31.35%) and Streptococcus agalactiae was the second common (22. 70%) bacterium isolated from all examined milk samples. The sediment technique proved to be superior to pre-culture incubated milk technique. Penicillin was the least effective antibiotic (in vitro) against bacteria in cows and ewes. Streptococcus agalactiae was found to be highly susceptible to neomycin.
Increased occurrence of exfoliation in the male, Spanish American population of New Mexico.

Exfoliation syndrome was found to occur much more frequently in the male Spanish American population of New Mexico. This was based on a Veterans Administration Medical Center study in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The prevalence of exfoliation in the Spanish Americans was estimated to be from 3-6 percent and this is consistent with many other such studies performed in the United States and other countries. The Spanish American population is 5.8 times more likely to develop exfoliation than the non-Spanish American population of New Mexico. Exfoliation was found on such eye structures as the lens, iris, ciliary processes, posterior capsule, vitreous face, posterior corneal surface, and arterial chamber angle. Glaucoma capsulare was also studied and it was found that there was not a significant difference between the Spanish American and the non-Spanish American population for developing the condition. However, there was a strong association of glaucoma with the presence of exfoliation in both groups. Based on our results, patients with exfoliation are 22 times more likely to develop glaucoma than are their age-matched controls. Also, 40 percent of the exfoliation patients had glaucoma compared with only 5 percent of the age-matched controls (p less than .001). The patients with glaucoma capsulare were found to have a more medically resistant type of glaucoma, which was consistent with other reports of this condition. There are two theories we propose for the existence of exfoliation in the Spanish American population of New Mexico. The first is a geographic climatic theory that relates exfoliation to greater solar radiation levels due to a high overall altitude and sunny weather in New Mexico. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)