Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planetary science. Plumes on Europa tease NASA mission planners.

A proposed NASA mission to Jupiter's moon Europa is gathering momentum. Congress has long been enthusiastic, and earlier this month the White House finally signed on to the $2 billion mission, which would investigate the habitability of Europa, which might host life in its deep, hidden saltwater ocean. Lately the mission has also gained a tantalizing target: plumes of water vapor that seem to erupt through the moon's icy crust, presumably sweeping any organic molecules into space, where they might be detectable. The trouble is, the plumes might not exist. Observers spotted them with the Hubble Space Telescope in 2012, detecting the fluorescence of oxygen and hydrogen in the water molecules as they were bombarded by electrons whipped up by Jupiter's intense magnetic fields. But dozens of other observational campaigns have failed to spot any plume. That posed a dilemma for the scientists who gathered last week at NASA's Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, to discuss how the presence of plumes—or their absence—should affect planning for the mission.
4.1 Sport, tourism, and community development: The Izhma case

In northern remote settlements, distances are measured in days but not kilometers and survival often depends on physical abilities and agility. Hence, the essential elements of the way of living and education of northern residents include physical activities and skill games. Historically, skiing and tynzey (lasso) throwing have constituted a significant part of everyday life for Komi-Izhemtsy. Gradually, they have been evolving into professional and amateur sports. The story of Izhma sportsmen is considered as one of the most successful in crosscountry skiing and national sports. Drawing on the historical roots of traditional Komi sports, the article discuss the role of skiing and national sports in community development in Izhma region.
Long-term trends in living alone among Korean adults: Age, gender, and educational differences

BACKGROUND One of the major demographic changes in Korea is the rapid increase of one-person households, from 7% in 1985 to 24% in 2010. The increase of living alone has important implications for the traditional family system. OBJECTIVE We investigate the long-term trend over half a century in the proportion of people living alone, separately for different age and gender groups. Focusing on two groups, the widowed elderly aged 65 or over and never-married 25 to 34-year-olds, we further examine the relationship between education and living alone. METHODS We use 1960 to 2010 Korean Census data to describe the trends in living alone by age and gender. We apply logit models to predict the odds of living alone by education from 1980 to 2010. To facilitate interpretation, we present predicted probabilities of living alone. RESULTS There is a continuing increase in solo living among Koreans, albeit to different degrees, for both genders and all age groups. The rising trend in solo living among elderly widows and never-married men aged 25 to 34, in particular, reveals that the propensity for living alone has increased within specific marital status and age groups. We find that those with lower education were more likely to live alone than their counterparts with higher education. 1 Korea Foundation Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. E-Mail: hypark@sas.upenn. edu. 2 Corresponding author. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea. E-Mail: jaesungc@skku.edu. Park & Choi: Long-term trends in living alone among Korean adults 1178 http://www.demographic-research.org CONCLUSIONS The negative relationship between education and living alone in Korea is in contrast to the pattern of ‘buying-out’ living alone in the United States. We interpret the finding in the context of Korean society, which has a long tradition of valuing living together.
The polarisation of the anteroposterior axis in Drosophila

The polarisation of the embryonic anteroposterior (AP) axis requires the establishment of positional cues with spatial information, and often involves complex intercellular communications, cell adhesion and cell movement. Recent work on several fronts has begun to shed light on how the initial asymmetries are established and maintained. In this review, I discuss the polarisation of the AP axis during Drosophila oogenesis, focusing on the function of the Notch signalling pathway and its relationship to the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. I make special reference to some aspects of Notch activity regulation during oogenesis that appear to depart from the canonical pathway. Finally, I hypothesise on possible similarities between these activities of Notch signalling during Drosophila oogenesis and vertebrate somitogenesis. BioEssays 25:781–791, 2003. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Skeletal Involution by Age-associated Oxidative Stress and Its Acceleration by Loss of Sex Steroids*

Both aging and loss of sex steroids have adverse effects on skeletal homeostasis, but whether and how they may influence each others negative impact on bone remains unknown. We report herein that both female and male C57BL/6 mice progressively lost strength (as determined by load-to-failure measurements) and bone mineral density in the spine and femur between the ages of 4 and 31 months. These changes were temporally associated with decreased rate of remodeling as evidenced by decreased osteoblast and osteoclast numbers and decreased bone formation rate; as well as increased osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis, increased reactive oxygen species levels, and decreased glutathione reductase activity and a corresponding increase in the phosphorylation of p53 and p66shc, two key components of a signaling cascade that are activated by reactive oxygen species and influences apoptosis and lifespan. Exactly the same changes in oxidative stress were acutely reproduced by gonadectomy in 5-month-old females or males and reversed by estrogens or androgens in vivo as well as in vitro.We conclude that the oxidative stress that underlies physiologic organismal aging in mice may be a pivotal pathogenetic mechanism of the age-related bone loss and strength. Loss of estrogens or androgens accelerates the effects of aging on bone by decreasing defense against oxidative stress.
AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR REDUCING AIRCRAFT TAXI TIMES AT THE DALLAS FORT WORTH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

This paper presents an optimization model for an aircraft taxi-scheduling problem that arises on the surface of airports. Though formulations are already available for this problem in the literature, they either ignore aircraft type or do not include all the safety constraints that are required to keep any two aircraft separated by a minimum distance at any time instant. The proposed model improves on the previously known problem formulation in the literature and formulates the problem as a mixed integer linear program that takes into account the aircraft type and all necessary safety constraints. Solutions produced by the optimization model are then compared with the taxi times produced by a First Come First Serve (FCFS) algorithm to assess the benefits of optimization. Preliminary simulation results demonstrate that approximately six minutes of taxi time per aircraft can be saved for the surface traffic at DallasFort Worth International Airport using the optimization model as compared to the FCFS algorithm.
WEB BASED HONEYPOTS NETWORK

Honeypots are a modern approach to network security. A honeypot is used in the area of internet security and cryptography. It is a resource, which is intended to be attacked and compromised to gain more information about the attacker and the used implementations. It can be deployed to attract and divert an attacker from their real targets. Honeypots have the big advantage that they do not generate false alerts as each observed traffic is doubtful, because no productive components are running on the system. This fact enables the system to log every byte that flows through the network through and from the honeypot, and to relate this data with other sources to draw a picture of an attack and the attacker. This paper would first give a brief introduction to honeypots- the types and its uses. We will then look at the other components of honeypots and the way to put them together. Finally we shall conclude by looking at what the future holds for honeypots. ' I. INTRODUCTION lobal communication is getting more significant every day. At the same time, computer crimes are growing rapidly. Counter measures are developed to detect or prevent attacks - most of these measures are based on known facts, known attack patterns. As in the military, it is important to know, who your enemy is, what kind of strategy and plan he uses, what tools he utilizes and what he is aiming for. Gathering this kind of information is arduous but important. By knowing attack strategies, countermeasures can be improved and anomalies can be fixed. To gather as much information as possible is one main target of honeypot.
Correlation between faecal excretion of indium-111-labelled granulocytes and calprotectin, a granulocyte marker protein, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested that clinical indices of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) do not adequately reflect the degree of inflammation in most such patients. Faecal excretion of indium-111-labelled neutrophilic granulocytes has been suggested as the gold standard of disease activity, but its complexity and high cost and the exposure of patients to ionizing irradiation have limited the use of this technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the faecal excretion of the granulocyte marker protein calprotectin and that of 111In-labelled granulocytes. METHODS Calprotectin in stool extracts from 19 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 10 with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 9 presumably healthy controls was assessed with a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Simultaneously, the faecal excretion of autologous 111In-labelled granulocytes was measured. RESULTS There was a strong correlation between the average daily excretion of calprotectin and that of the total 3-day excretion of 111In-labelled granulocytes (r = 0.87, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the concentration of calprotectin, assessed in a small stool sample on day 1, also correlated well with the excretion 111In-labelled granulocytes (r = 0.80, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The results suggest that faecal calprotectin reflects the granulocyte migration through the gut wall in patients with IBD and hence might serve as a simple, inexpensive alternative to the indium-111 technique.
Renal failure in myelomatosis

Renal failure is a common presenting feature in myelomatosis. This review offers a practical means for classifying renal failure in this disease. Three groups are identified: (1) those patients whose renal failure improves or is stable when they are maintained on a high fluid intake; (2) the minority of patients whose renal failure progresses despite high fluid intake; and (3) those patients who are fluid‐intolerant due to oligurlic renal failure or congestive cardiac failure. The difference beween groups 1 and 2 is not simply due to differences in response to chemotherapy, for many group‐1 patients achieve improvement in renal function without or before loss of light chain proteinuria. It is concluded that all patients with myelomatosis with excess monoclonal free light chain proteinuria are at risk from developing renal failure of the type associated with group 1. The chances of them doing so are diminished if they maintain a high fluid intake. Group 2 encompasses a range of conditions not all of which are clearly defined. There is generally a poor correlation between the physical characteristics of light chains and the presence of group‐2 renal failure.
Addressing HPC skills shortages with parallel computing MOOC

The technical inflection points in the route to Exascale and the existing talent gap in Computational Science and HPC are well publicized. In this paper is described the development of a xMOOC format course with the aim at reaching a target audience composed of BSc, MSc and professional training students that have no experience in parallel programming, as one approach to deal with the lack of specialists that can tackle parallelism. This MOOC utilizes UCATx platform based on and linked to edX. Relying on the expertise of BSC Education and Training Team and UPC Computer Science Lecturers, was devised a course syllabus at introductory level. The paper outlines the design of the course and highlights some of the problems to deliver on-line courses on technical subjects while highlighting the developers' approach to tackle them. An evaluation process for the course is described and the current trends of MOOC courses are reviewed.
Ballistocardiographic Responses to Dynamic Facial Displays of Emotion While Sitting on the EMFi Chair

The aim of the present paper was to study heart rate changes during a video stimulation depicting two actors (male and female) producing dynamic facial expressions of happiness, sadness, and a neutral expression. We measured ballistocardiographic emotion-related heart rate responses with an unobtrusive measurement device called the EMFi chair. Ratings of subjective responses to the video stimuli were also collected. The results showed that the video stimuli evoked significantly different ratings of emotional valence and arousal. Heart rate decelerated in response to all stimuli and the deceleration was the strongest during negative stimulation. Furthermore, stimuli from the male actor evoked significantly larger arousal ratings and heart rate responses than the stimuli from the female actor. The results also showed differential responding between female and male participants. The present results support the hypothesis that heart rate decelerates in response to films depicting dynamic negative facial expre.
Visualization of task switching strategy of machine operation

For a future advanced machine, functions for supporting human by considering not only the situation around the machine but also the operator's skill-level are required. Therefore, an establishment of a method to evaluate the skill is expected. On the general machine manipulation, the task scheduling and the adequate selecting of operation commands are important to execute sequential task successfully. In the present research, an analysis procedure to make the task-switching strategy visible is presented by utilizing the Self-Organizing Map(SOM). For practical verification, the remote operation experiment system was built with radio-controlled construction machines, and the proposed analysis procedure was applied to the experimental task. As the result, the matching ratio of the command predicted by the trained SOM was sufficiently-large, and the effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed.
Amae and agency appraisal as japanese emotional behavior: influences on agent's believability

Recently, autonomous agents with emotional behavior are developed to improve the human-agent interaction. Users' perceived "believability" of autonomous agents is considered to affect interactions with agents. While human-like emotional behavior is considered to increase believability, actual emotional behaviors differ across cultures. Therefore culture-specific emotional behaviors of agent might increase believability. In this paper, two kinds of emotional behaviors specific in Japanese culture, namely amae and Japanese way of agency appraisal, were implemented in agents. Influences of these behaviors on believability were investigated experimentally. Results showed that both Japanese behaviors increased believability. Especially amae increased personality factor, which is one of the factors of believability.
Immunochemistry of a Formamide-extracted Antigen from Clostridium perfringens Cell Walls

The type-specific antigen of a strain of Clostridium perfringens involved in food poisoning was isolated from the cell wall by the use of hot formamide. The antigen appears to consist of polysaccharide or mucopeptide. The formamide extract was shown to be heterogeneous by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The serologically active fraction contained about 25% of the amount of protein present in the original formamide extract. Hexosamine, acetyl groups, and carbohydrate also were detected. The formamide extract showed a high degree of serological activity. The serological activity was increased twofold on Sephadex gel filtration.
Mining Business Contracts and Privacy Preserving

Contracts are lawfully tying depictions of business service engagements. In extensive scale business the business events, for example, buy, conveyance, bill installment, bank premium accumulation relate to vital procedures as well as intrinsically temporally compelled. Recognizing and comprehension the events and their temporal connections can help a business accomplice figure out what to convey and what's in store from others as it partakes in the service engagement speci? ed by an agreement. Then again, contracts are communicated in unstructured content and their bits of knowledge are covered in that. Our commitments are triple. We add to a novel methodology utilizing a half and half of surface examples, parsing, and classification to concentrate (1) Contract Preparation and Contract generation (2) encryption utilizing AES calculation with digital signature for verification (3) business events extraction (4) Annotator and (5) their temporal constraint extraction from contract message and consequently arrange the occasion terms into groups. An assessment on a genuine contract dataset shows the practicality and guarantee of our half and half approach.
Volatility Dispersion Trading

This papers studies an options trading strategy known as dispersion strategy to investigate the apparent risk premium for bearing correlation risk in the options market. Previous studies have attributed the profits to dispersion trading to the correlation risk premium embedded in index options. The natural alternative hypothesis argues that the profitability results from option market inefficiency. Institutional changes in the options market in late 1999 and 2000 provide a natural experiment to distinguish between these hypotheses. This provides evidence supporting the market inefficiency hypothesis and against the risk-based hypothesis since a fundamental market risk premium should not change as the market structure changes.
Taxane-based regimens as a risk factor for chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea

Objective: The objective of our study was to show the impact of different chemotherapy regimens on the incidence of amenorrhea (chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea [CIA]) in premenopausal women of various ages with breast cancer. Methods: This is a follow-up study of 226 premenopausal women with breast cancer who had received one of three chemotherapy regimens: conventional (cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil), anthracycline based, and anthracycline-taxane based. They were evaluated for the incidence of CIA in the follow-up clinic of the Iranian Center for Breast Cancer. A statistical analysis using SPSS software was performed, and logistic regression and Cox regression model were used to determine the risk factors for CIA. Results: Of the 226 women with a median age of 40 years (range, 26-56 y) who participated in this study, 154 (68.1%) developed CIA. In 101 (65.6%) of these women, CIA was established. CIA was present in 52.5% of the women who had been treated with conventional regimens (cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil), 66.7% of the women who had been treated with anthracycline, and 78.7% of the women who had been treated with anthracycline-taxane. Therefore, the frequency of CIA was significantly higher in the taxane-based chemotherapy group than in the other groups (P = 0.015). Although a slightly higher incidence of CIA in women with hormone-insensitive tumors (estrogen receptor negative and progesterone receptor negative) versus hormone-sensitive tumors (estrogen receptor positive and progesterone receptor positive) who had been treated with combination regimens was observed, no statistically significant difference was found (P = 0.629). Of all of the risk factors that were evaluated in the study, anthracycline-taxane-based regimens (odds ratio, 4.059; 95% CI, 1.6-9.8) and age older than 40 years (odds ratio, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.9-6.6) were the most important factors in the development of CIA. Conclusions: The type of chemotherapy and the age of the woman at the onset of breast cancer are the most important risk factors in CIA. Taxane-based regimens induced more CIA than did other regimens.
Generic marketing strategies for small and medium-sized enterprises – conceptual framework and examples from Asia

Although the existing literature discusses strategies available to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), they do not address the plight faced by SMEs, namely resource limitations in their strategy formulation. Drawing on deductive logic, this paper identifies and conceptualizes three marketing strategies which are generic to SMEs and which specifically take into consideration the competitive reactions of bigger incumbent firms. These three generic marketing strategies are substitution, free riding and strategic deterrence. Successful substitution calls for the SME to offer differentiated yet substitutable products to that of an incumbent so as to force accommodation by the latter. Free riding allows the SME to enter a served market segment without having to incur market development expenses. Finally, strategic deterrence aims to deter a bigger incumbent firm from embarking on aggressive counteractions against the SME. This can be achieved by the formation of strategic alliances and/or incurring sunk costs in order to signal the SME's commitments to stay in the market credibly. Examples from Asian SMEs are given to illustrate the three generic strategies.
Matching Job Performance with Job-quitting Model:An Examination of the State-owned Enterprises and Private Enterprises

Due to the difference in ownership forms,the factors being attributed to employees' job quitting intention are different in state-owned enterprises and private ones. The same is true to the relation between job performance and job-quitting intentions. Study shows that Job satisfaction and commitment to an organization do not affect job performance and job-quitting intentions, the relation between which is adjusted by perceived alternative job opportunities , job-quitting intentions, and job-seeking behavior, so that state-owned enterprises and private businesses may differ in the ways for employees to display their job performance and to quit their jobs. Through other affecting variables, employees' job performance in state-owned enterprises has negative effect on their job-quitting behavior. Yet, this is not true to the case in private enterprises. The push-pull theory helps to prove that employees in state-owned enterprises concern more about affective incentives, while those in private enterprises pay more attention to contractual and calculative incentives, demonstrating eager achievement needs. Therefore, the dissuasion of employees from leaving the organizations should be based on their decision-making types.