Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GENETIC RESISTANCE TO WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST IS KEY BUT HOW IT IS MANAGED WILL DETERMINE THE FUTURE OF HIGH ELEVATION FIVE-NEEDLE PINES

The North American high elevation five-needle white pines (Figure 1) define the forest-alpine ecotone in many mountain systems and provide watershed protection and wildlife habitat. Climate change is projected to be rapid and heightened in these same habitats, highlighting the importance of genetic diversity and adaptive capacity of the species that occupy them (Millar et al. 2007). The five-needle pines are also being challenged be an invasive fungal pathogen, Cronartium ribicola, that was introduced to North America in the early 1900s and causes the lethal disease white pine blister rust (WPBR) on five-needle white pines (subgenus Strobus) (Figure 2). All the high elevation five-needle white pines of North America are susceptible to C. ribicola. The disease spread rapidly through host ranges in the moist forests of the northwest and east and continues to spread, though more slowly, into the drier habitats of the southern Rockies, Great Basin, and southwest. WPBR has killed many five-needle white pines in the north, though wasn’t detected in Colorado until the late 1990s and has yet to be found on trees in Utah or most of Great Basin (see map in Jacobi et al. 2018). As the pathogen continues to spread and the disease intensifies, the populations currently less affected may too follow the same trajectory as those to the north if effective management intervention is not pursued.
National Culture And Employee Participation In Decision-Making In Malaysia: A Conceptual Review

: The purpose of this paper is to review the influence of national culture on employee participation in decision-making in the organization. A conceptual review was conducted to identify the existing research and literature on national culture towards employee participation. The articles were searched based on important keywords and relevance. Based on the previous literature, the results suggested that national culture appears as one of the important variables on employee participation in decision-making.
2010–2015 North American methane emissions, sectoral contributions, and trends: a high-resolution inversion of GOSAT observations of atmospheric methane

Abstract. We use 2010–2015 Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) observations of atmospheric methane columns over North America in a high-resolution inversion of methane emissions, including contributions from different sectors and their trends over the period. The inversion involves an analytical solution to the Bayesian optimization problem for a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) of the emission field with up to 0.5 ∘ × 0.625 ∘ resolution in concentrated source regions. The analytical solution provides a closed-form characterization of the information content from the inversion and facilitates the construction of a large ensemble of solutions exploring the effect of different uncertainties and assumptions in the inverse analysis. Prior estimates for the inversion include a gridded version of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (GHGI) and the WetCHARTs model ensemble for wetlands. Our best estimate for mean 2010–2015 US anthropogenic emissions is 30.6 (range: 29.4–31.3) Tg a −1 , slightly higher than the gridded EPA inventory (28.7 (26.4–36.2) Tg a −1 ). The main discrepancy is for the oil and gas production sectors, where we find higher emissions than the GHGI by 35 % and 22 %, respectively. The most recent version of the EPA GHGI revises downward its estimate of emissions from oil production, and we find that these are lower than our estimate by a factor of 2. Our best estimate of US wetland emissions is 10.2 (5.6–11.1) Tg a −1 , on the low end of the prior WetCHARTs inventory uncertainty range (14.2 (3.3–32.4) Tg a −1 ), which calls for better understanding of these emissions. We find an increasing trend in US anthropogenic emissions over 2010–2015 of 0.4 % a −1 , lower than previous GOSAT-based estimates but opposite to the decrease reported by the EPA GHGI. Most of this increase appears driven by unconventional oil and gas production in the eastern US. We also find that oil and gas production emissions in Mexico are higher than in the nationally reported inventory, though there is evidence for a 2010–2015 decrease in emissions from offshore oil production.
Large-scale salmon farming in Norway impacts the epiphytic community of Laminaria hyperborea

Large-scale finfish farms are increasingly located in dispersive hard-bottom environments where Laminaria hyperborea forests dominate; however, the interactions between farm effluents and kelp forests are poorly understood. Effects of 2 levels of salmonid fish-farming effluents (high and low) on L. hyperborea epiphytic communities were studied by sampling canopy plants from 12 sites in 2 high-energy dispersive environments. Specifically, we assessed if farm effluents stimulated fast-growing epiphytic algae and faunal species on L. hyperborea stipes—as this can impact the kelp forest community composition—and/or an increased lamina epiphytic growth, which could negatively impact the kelp itself. We found that bryozoan biomass on the stipes was significantly higher at high-effluent farm sites compared to low-effluent farm and reference sites, resulting in a significantly different epiphytic community. Macroalgal biomass also increased with increasing effluent levels, including opportunistic Ectocarpus spp. , resulting in a less heterogeneous macroalgae community at high-effluent farm sites. This habitat heterogeneity was further reduced by the high bryozoan biomass at the high-effluent sites. Such changes in the epiphyte community could have implications for the faunal community that relies on the epiphytes for food and refuge. On the kelp lamina, no clear response to farm effluents was found.
Managing Data and Image Processing Workﬂows for Large Scale Image Analysis (cid:0)

Biomedical image data can provide rich information about morphological and functional characteristics of biological systems. Major challenges to more effective use of biomedical imaging in basic and clinical research are the efﬁcient management of large image datasets and image processing workﬂows and the effective sharing of data and workﬂows in a collaborative environment. In this paper, we present a suite of services that work collectively to address issues associated with metadata management, data storage and management, and management and execution of image processing workﬂows. We demonstrate the use of a generic XML-based metadata and data management system in tandem with a distributed execution system. We perform a pre-liminary performance evaluation of the system on a cluster system.
Effects of beer based marinades on the plasmalogen content and composition of grilled ruminant meats

Plasmalogens are important phospholipids essential for maintaining cardiovascular and brain health. Ruminant meats are excellent dietary sources of plasmalogens. Globally, grilling remains a popular technique for preparing meats. However, little is known concerning how marination affects retention and quality of plasmalogens in grilled ruminant meats. Here we present information on effects of two unfiltered beer-based marinades infused with herbs and spices on plasmalogens in grilled beef and moose meats. Although total plasmalogen contents of marinated grilled meats were lower compared to unmarinated controls; compositionally, wheat ale- and India session ale-based marinades retained higher levels of PUFA plasmalogen PC (phosphatidylcholine) and PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) species enriched with ω3 and ω6 fatty acids in grilled moose meats. In grilled beef, significantly higher levels of plasmalogen PC species enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and PUFA were retained by Wheat ale-based marinade. Furthermore, strong positive correlations were observed between antioxidants, polyphenols, oxygenated terpenes and plasmalogens retained in the marinated grilled meats which contrasted negative correlations with total oxidation status of the marinated grilled meats. These findings appear to suggest that the phenolics, oxygenated terpenes and antioxidants present in the beer-based marinades preserved these plasmalogens in marinated meats against degradation during grilling. In view of the benefits associated with plasmalogens and essential fatty acid consumption, marination of beef and moose meats with unfiltered beer-based marinades could be useful for retaining MUFA and PUFA-enriched plasmalogens, as well as preserving the nutritional quality of grilled beef and moose meats.
An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibiotic resistance in Iran (2013-2020)

This updated systematic review and meta-analysis follows two aims: 1) to assess Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) antibiotic resistance in Iran from 2013 to 2020 and, 2) to assess the trend of resistance from 1999 to 2020. Several national and international databases were systematically searched through MeSH extracted keywords to identify 41 published studies addressing drug-resistant M. tuberculosis in Iran. Meta-analysis was done based on the PRISMA protocols using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. The average prevalence of resistance to first- and second-line anti-TB drugs, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) in new and previously treated tuberculosis (TB) cases in Iran during 2013–2020 were as follows: isoniazid 6.9%, rifampin 7.9%, ethambutol 5.7%, pyrazinamide 20.4%, para-aminosalicylic acid 4.6%, capreomycin 1.7%, cycloserine 1.8%, ethionamide 11.3%, ofloxacin 1.5%, kanamycin 3.8%, amikacin 2.2%, MDR-TB 6.3% and XDR-TB 0.9%. Based on the presented data, M. tuberculosis resistance to first- and second-line anti-TB drugs, as well as MDR-TB, was low during 2013–2020 in Iran. Furthermore, there was a declining trend in TB drug resistance from 1999 to 2020. Hence, to maintain the current decreasing trend and to control and eliminate TB infection in Iran, continuous monitoring of resistance patterns is recommended.
Oblique: Accelerating Page Loads Using Symbolic Execution

Mobile devices are often stuck behind high-latency links. Unfortunately for mobile browsers, latency (not bandwidth) is often the key influence on page load time. Proxy-based web accelerators hide last-mile latency by analyzing a page’s content, and informing clients about useful objects to prefetch. However, most accelerators require content providers to divulge cleartext HTTPS data to third-party analysis servers. Acceleration systems can be installed on first-party web servers, avoiding the violation of end-to-end TLS security; however, due to the administrative overhead (and additional VM costs) associated with running an accelerator, many first-party content providers would prefer to outsource the acceleration work—if outsourcing could be secure. In this paper, we introduce Oblique, a third-party web accelerator which enables secure outsourcing of page analysis. Oblique symbolically executes the client-side of a page load, generating a prefetch list of symbolic URLs. Each symbolic URL describes a URL that a client browser should fetch, given user-specific values for cookies, the User-Agent string, and other sensitive variables. Those sensitive values are never revealed to Oblique’s analysis server. Instead, during a real page load, the user’s browser concretizes URLs by reading sensitive local state; the browser can then prefetch the associated objects. Experiments involving real sites demonstrate that Oblique preserves TLS integrity while providing faster page loads than state-of-the-art accelerators. For popular sites, Oblique is also financially cheaper in terms of VM costs.
Extracting Temporal Entity from Urdu Language Text

: The detection of temporal entities within natural language texts is an interesting information extraction problem. Temporal entities help to estimate authorship dates, enhance information retrieval capabilities, detect and track topics in news articles, and augment electronic news reader experience. Research has been performed on the detection, normalization and annotation guidelines for English temporal entities. However, research for Urdu language lags far behind and there is a need for lot of work to be done in this regard especially when huge quantity of Urdu data is being generated on online social networks on daily basis. In this paper, we propose a rule-based approach for temporal entity extraction for Urdu language. Comparing our approach with existing Urdu temporal entity extraction approaches, our approach dominates on behalf of accuracy and on tackling with all types of Urdu temporal entity types. We use a publicly available Urdu data corpus for our experiments which consists of 206 date tags. We extend this dataset by adding 200 Urdu Fully Qualified Date (UFQD) tags. We also introduce a new date type for Urdu language called Urdu Partially Fully Qualified. Our proposed system achieved average (0.97, 0.98 and 0.98) (Precision, Recall and F1-Measure) respectively for UFQD and Urdu Partially Fully Qualified Date. Some challenges and issues of other date types in Urdu Textual Language i.e. Deictic and Anaphoric are also discussed in detail.
On the control of information and their objectives: multi-information model

In this article, we propose a new multi-information discrete-time model describing the dissemination of several pieces of information from one person to another, it can be shared word-to-mouth or in certain types of online environments such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter. First, we present the model and the different possible interactions between its compartments. Based on the fact that there is always an objective behind the dissemination of information, in the modeling process we distinguish between information that shares the same purpose and information that shares an opposite objective to study their mutual effect. To do this, we divide the entire target population into three groups for each piece of information and consider the possible transition between these groups. We suggest an optimal control strategy that helps to eliminate target information. We use a discrete version of Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle to characterize optimal controls. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the different effects and to show the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Interaction between culture filtrates of Fusarium culmorum isolates and some root lesion nematodes

This study was conducted with root lesion nematodes Pratylenchus penetrans, P. thornei and P. neglectus and three isolates of Fusarium culmorum culture filtrates (ISP, B4, FC5) in vitro conditions. The culture filtrates were diluted 1/0,1/10, 1/20, 1/30, 1/40, 1/50, 1/60, 1/70, 1/80, 90, 1/100 in 1.5 ml microtubes, 250 µl of root lesion nematodes adult+larvae were placed in each microtubes that containing different concentrations of culture filtrate with 50 μl of purified water together with micropipette and incubated at 25±1°C. Nematode mortality were determined after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. As a result, The mortality effect of culture filtrate of FC5 isolates was determined to be high on three lesion nematode species. Fusarium culmorum culture filtrates of B4 and ISP isolates caused more deaths on P. penetrans than P.thornei and P. neglectus. It has been found to mortality rate increase over time in vitro. The lowest mortality rates were generally found at concentrations of culture filtrates of 1/100 and 1/90, while the highest mortality rates were found at concentrations of 1/0 and 1/10. No difference on P. thornei mortality was detected between the three isolates of F. culmorum culture filtrate at each diluted concentration. In the study, the antagonistic relationship between culture filtrates from F. culmorum isolates and root lesion nematodes were determined in vitro conditions.
The Role of Rhetoric in the Evolving Control of the Modern Corporation

The authors examine how competing institutional logics shape institutional fields. Specifically, they conceptualize control of the modern corporation as an evolving institutional field. They connect changes in the institutional field to the rhetoric and corresponding logics put forth by various corporate stakeholders vying for control of the firm. Changes in the corporate institutional field are represented as the diffusion of takeovers and takeover defenses. Corporate control rhetoric is traced in interviews with corporate board members. The authors argue that the rhetoric of corporate control shapes and establishes dominant stakeholder groups in the institutional field. They conclude with a brief discussion of their analysis and a call for further research.
Direct object tracking

We present a method for object tracking in 3D and 2D domains using direct sparse odometry (DSO). Additionally, the benchmark for 3D multi-object tracking performance evaluation using GIoU and HOTA metrics is introduced. Firstly, the depth and 2D instance segmentation masks are obtained for images. The different instances are initially tracked in 3D using a depth map and direct image alignment. Then, the tracked instances are associated in the 2D domain into tracklets. The poses of tracklets in 3D are then reﬁned using the DSO method. The DSO is applied only to the pixels inside the segmentation mask for the particular tracked object. Then, object 3D pose and object 3D bounding box dimensions are derived from the accumulated sparse point cloud obtained from the DSO. Thus, temporal information in the DSO helps both: object detection and pose estimation. For the proper and accurate testing of multi-object tracking in 3D the HOTA metric is used with extensions of GIoU similarity score. In the experiments on the KITTI dataset, the proposed method achieves the performance of the others SOTA 3D MOT competitors.
Women occupancy in leadership positions

In recent years, the participation of women in leadership roles throughout the world has increased considerably. However, it is not representative if we compare it with the participation of men. By surveying current leaders from top companies in Mexico, this research explored the scarce occupation of women in leadership roles around the world, trying to identify the main causes that affect women from achieving high leadership positions, as well as to analyze the importance for companies to implement initiatives that reverse this trend. The results indicate that both females and males see the main problem in Payment differences and Gender stereotypes. There is no negative perception about the inequality in hiring process itself. So, to improve the presence of women in leadership positions, the leaders propose creating Pay equality policies and better Training and development programs.
Assessment of the foliar micromorphology, phytochemical and mineral composition of Justicia secunda Valh leaves

Justicia secunda is a medicinal plant that belongs to the family Acanthaceae, it is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment and management of a wide range of ailments. In this study, the phytochemicals screening/analysis, minerals and micro-morphological characteristics of the leaves of J. secunda were evaluated using standard procedures. The data generated for the phytomineral and phytochemical contents of the leaves as well as the chemo-microscopic test and foliar anatomical features of the leaves which revealed distinct characteristic features will be useful in the systematics, proper identification, authentication and standardization of this plant for medicinal purposes.
The Authenticity of Honey (Apis mellifera) Playing Vital Role in Wound Healing

To facilitate the healing process of skin wounds, honey is considered beneficial. It is involved in platelet aggregation inhibition, myocardial infarction, tumour genesis, inflammatory cytokine development, oxidative process, and metastasis. The skin serves as a body's protective barrier. It protects the internal organs of the body from the effects of external environmental conditions. They may be in danger in such situations. As a result, maintaining the integrity of the skin is critical for normal body function. In everyday life, both animal and human bodies are subjected to various forms of aggression. Some of them are so powerful that they disrupt the skin's continuity. A wound is defined as a break in the skin's continuity. Inner body organs are revealed whenever the skin's continuity is disrupted. This is a dangerous condition that can lead to death. The immediate skin reaction after a wound is the start of the wound healing process, and it starts automatically. This process can be aided in a variety of ways by keeping the wound free of bacterial infection and moisture and dirt. A variety of antiseptic dressings are available for this purpose, and when applied topically, they aid in the wound healing process. They keep microorganisms out of the wound and cut down on the time it takes for it to heal. It has potent wound-healing properties. The focus of this study is to summarise the findings of previous researchers, concluding that herbal medicines are safe, easily accessible, and less expensive to use (Honey).
Pedigree analysis in ten sheep populations in Mexico

Pedigree analysis is vital in designing genetic improvement strategies. Population genetic parameters were analyzed in ten sheep breeds in Mexico: Blackbelly (BBL; n= 19,695); Charollais (CHA; n= 5,033); Dorper (DOR; n= 42,171); White Dorper (DOB; n= 4,213); Dorset (DOS; n= 5,557); Hampshire (HAM; n= 12,210); Katahdin (KAT; n= 77,955); Pelibuey (PEL; n= 42,256); Rambouillet (RAM; n= 11,951); and Suffolk (SUF; n= 14,099). All animals were born between 1992 and 2018. The analyses were run with the ENDOG software. Known parents values ranged from 76.4 % (SUF) to 95.3 % (KAT), with an 86.0 % average; animals with unknown parents corresponded to founders. The consanguineous population (as a percentage of total population) fluctuated from 12.3 % in DOS to 48.7 % in DOB, with a 29.7 % average. Average inbreeding (F) ranged from 3.9% (KAT) to 14.6% (DOB), with an 8.0 % average. The proportion of consanguineous individuals in all populations increased (P<0.05). Genetic relatedness was stable, and F had negative trends (P<0.05). The highest consanguineous population growth rates were present in the KAT, DOB and BBL populations. Inbreeding (F) was highest in DOB and DOS, while genetic relatedness was highest in DOB and CHA. Effective population size (Ne) was greater Rev Mex Cienc Pecu 2020;11(4): 1071-1086 1072 than 50 in six of the populations but less than 37 in the remaining four. These low Ne values highlight the need to monitor the evolution of F and its possible implications. The generational interval (GI) ranged from 3.0 to 4.15, with a 3.45 years’ average. The highest GI values were for RAM and SUF, and the lowest for BBL and DOR.
Strategies for Quantitative Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence of NH Radicals in Flames

ABSTRACT Laser-induced fluorescence imaging of the NH radical using excitation in the (0-0) and (1-0) vibrational bands of the A3Π-X3Σ– electronic transition is characterized in premixed NH3-air flames. Filtered detection for excitation of the (1-0) band is found to be beneficial for measurement conditions with a challenging background and/or interferences. Concentration evaluation for excitation in the (0-0) and (1-0) bands is feasible by means of fully or partially saturated fluorescence, respectively. Detection limits of a few tens of ppm for averaged data and 100 ppm on a single-shot basis was achieved for 3-cm imaging size using both excitation alternatives. Thinning and broadening of the NH layer in a turbulent flame indicate turbulence/flame chemistry coupling, which occurred at lower turbulence levels compared with hydrocarbon combustion. Fluorescence imaging of the NH flame-front marker in such flames thus provide an experimental configuration for detailed studies of turbulence/flame chemistry interactions.