Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental Study in Subway Metro Stations in Cairo, Egypt

Environmental Study in Subway Metro Stations in Cairo, Egypt: Abdel Hameed A. Awad, Air Pollution Department, National Research Centre—Airborne viable and non‐viable measurements were carried out in two different metro stations, one located in a tunnel and the other on the surface. The concentrations of airborne total viable bacteria (incubated at 37°C and 22°C), staphylococci, suspended dust and oxidants (ozone) were higher in the air of the tunnel station than those recorded at the surface station. In contrast, spore forming bacteria, Candida spp, fungi and actinomycetes were found at slightly higher levels in the surface station than in the tunnel station. A statistically significant difference (p<0.01) was found between the levels of suspended dust at both stations. Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus species were the dominant fungi isolates. Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium are the most common fungi that produce toxins. Under certain circumstances (host susceptibility, infective dose and aerodynamic diameter) some of the airborne microorganisms e.g. actinomycetes and Aspergillus species and staphylococci may cause health problems in exposed persons based on toxic or allergic reactions.
Using Floating Gate and Quasi-Floating Gate Techniques for Rail-to-Rail Tunable CMOS Transconductor Design

Floating-gate and quasi-floating gate MOS transistors can be efficiently employed to design CMOS transconductors. These transistors allow achievement of relevant features in a compact and simple way, such as rail-to-rail input range, continuous transconductance tuning, and class AB operation. This paper illustrates how these techniques can be applied by employing them in the design of two transconductors, which have been fabricated in a 0.5 μm CMOS process. Measurement results confirm the advantages of the proposed approach.
Effect of human movement on the body coupled communications channel in body area networks

Body Coupled Communication (BCC) systems use the human body as the medium through which a signal is transmitted to connect devices placed in, on or in close proximity to the human body. To enable good BCC system design, the BCC channel has to be very well understood. This study focuses on understanding the effect of human body movement on the BCC channel. First some experiments were carried out to measure how the signal properties vary as a person moves. Two types of movements were investigated; sideways arm movement and marching on the spot. After that, the results obtained were used to derive a model for the behaviour of the BCC channel under moving body conditions. It was found that different body movements result in significantly different BCC channel behaviour. The type and speed of movement was found to affect the channel properties. It was found that the sideways arm movement is accurately modelled by a Log-normal distribution whilst the marching-on-the-spot movement is modelled by a Generalized Extreme Value distribution.
The impacts of crime on health and health services: A literature review

Crime poses substantial risks to the health of victims and, consequently, generates additional demand for health services. This literature review examines the current state of knowledge and understanding of the impacts of crime on physical and psychological health; responses to the needs of victims by health workers and other professionals; and resulting costs to health services. The review concludes by identifying issues for research, policy and practice.
Highly Power-Efficient Active-RC Filters With Wide Bandwidth-Range Using Low-Gain Push-Pull Opamps

This paper presents a generic-purpose solution of highly power-efficient active-RC filters, which is suitable for analog baseband with wide bandwidth-range from several mega-Hz to hundreds of mega-Hz in wireless receivers. A 260 μA 7-20 MHz 6th-order active-RC low-bandwidth low-pass filter (LBW-LPF) and a 2.3 mA 240-500 MHz 6th-order active-RC high-bandwidth low-pass filter (HBW-LPF) are implemented in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process to demonstrate this versatile solution. Highly power-efficient push-pull opamps with 30-to-35 dB gain are adopted for the filters, which allow us to focus on extending the bandwidth and reducing the power consumption. The push-pull opamp with adaptive-biased and pole-cancellation push-pull source follower (APP-SF) as the buffer stage is proposed to greatly reduce the power consumption and effectively extend the bandwidth. An adaptive bias mechanism is also proposed to tolerate the PVT variations for the opamps. In addition, the GBW compensation and the Q-degrading scheme are adopted to relax the opamp GBW requirement, further reducing the power dissipation. The LBW-LPF only consumes 260 μA current from 1.8 V supply, achieves 14.4 dBm in-band IIP3 and 66.2 nV/√ Hz IRN density, and occupies 0.21 mm 2 silicon area without pads. The HBW-LPF merely dissipates 2.3 mA current from 1.8 V supply, achieves 11.3 dBm in-band IIP3 and 13.1 nV/√ Hz IRN density, and occupies 0.23 mm 2 silicon area without pads.
Numerical Comparison of 3‐D Shapes: Potential for Application to the Insensate Foot

ABSTRACT A quantitative method for comparing external foot shapes has been developed and evaluated for potential application to custom shoes/orthoses and orthopedic research. The system employs a laser scanner and custom software to obtain more than 16,000 points (every 3 degrees radially, every 2 mm proximal-distal) over the entire foot (dorsal and plantar aspects). The high-resolution images are transferred to a computer workstation where the foot shapes are aligned, compared and relative differences between the shapes are graphically displayed. The accuracy, reproducibility and performance of the foot comparison system are well within the tolerances required for clinical use. When comparing measurements on objects of known size and shape to those determined by the system, the maximum aggregate system error (both hardware and software) was less than 1 mm. The numerical algorithm for digital alignment of scanned feet is reproducible to 1 degree and . 01 mm translation. The average computer time for comparison of scanned images in this study was 10 seconds; the entire process, including digitizing, took less than 15 minutes. Although this system unrealistically treats the foot and shoe as rigid entities, it is consistent with the goal of providing shoes and insoles that reduce the risk of ulceration in insensate feet during shoe break-in or normal activity.
Gerinnungshemmende Medikamente in der Schwangerschaft

Gerinnungshemmende Medikamente konnen bei thromboembolischen Komplikationen in der Schwangerschaft verabreicht werden. Die Hauptkomplikationen bei allen sind Blutungen, welche die Schwangerschaft gefahrden. Das unfraktionierte und die niedermolekularen Heparine sind die Praparate der Wahl bei einer prophylaktischen oder therapeutischen oralen Antikoagulation in der Schwangerschaft. Wenn es um die Thrombozytenhemmung geht, kann Aspirin in der Schwangerschaft mit Sicherheit verabreicht werden. Die Koumarine bleiben wahrend der Schwangerschaft wegen Blutungs- oder Missbildungsgefahr kontraindiziert. Uber die neuen Thrombozytenhemmer, sowie die direkten Thrombininhibitoren fehlen noch die kompletten Daten fur eine komplikationsfreie Applikation in der Schwangerschaft. Weiterhin werden in diesem Beitrag einige praktische Aspekte uber die Anwendung der neuen Antikoagulantien in Bezug auf die Spinalanasthesie oder die Stillzeit diskutiert.
Zebrafish models of idiopathic scoliosis link cerebrospinal fluid flow defects to spine curvature

Altered fluid flow causes curved spine Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is characterized by three-dimensional spinal curves and affects 3% of the world's children. However, the biological basis of this condition is unclear. Grimes et al. studied zebrafish models that likewise display a curved spine. Defects in the formation and function of motile cilia in the central nervous system perturbed the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leading to abnormal spinal curvatures as the fish grew. Curves could be partially rescued by restoring CSF flow, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies if the same mechanism is shared in humans. Science, this issue p. 1341 Curving of the vertebrate spine results from alteration of motile cilia and cerebrospinal fluid flow. Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) affects 3% of children worldwide, yet the mechanisms underlying this spinal deformity remain unknown. Here we show that ptk7 mutant zebrafish, a faithful developmental model of IS, exhibit defects in ependymal cell cilia development and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. Transgenic reintroduction of Ptk7 in motile ciliated lineages prevents scoliosis in ptk7 mutants, and mutation of multiple independent cilia motility genes yields IS phenotypes. We define a finite developmental window for motile cilia in zebrafish spine morphogenesis. Notably, restoration of cilia motility after the onset of scoliosis blocks spinal curve progression. Together, our results indicate a critical role for cilia-driven CSF flow in spine development, implicate irregularities in CSF flow as an underlying biological cause of IS, and suggest that noninvasive therapeutic intervention may prevent severe scoliosis.
Quantum thermalization through entanglement in an isolated many-body system

To thermalize, or not to thermalize? Intuition tells us that an isolated physical system subjected to a sudden change (i.e., quenching) will evolve in a way that maximizes its entropy. If the system is in a pure, zero-entropy quantum state, it is expected to remain so even after quenching. How do we then reconcile statistical mechanics with quantum laws? To address this question, Kaufman et al. used their quantum microscope to study strings of six rubidium atoms confined in the wells of an optical lattice (see the Perspective by Polkovnikov and Sels). When tunneling along the strings was suddenly switched on, the strings as a whole remained in a pure state, but smaller subsets of two or three atoms conformed to a thermal distribution. The force driving the thermalization was quantum entanglement. Science, this issue p. 794; see also p. 752 Single-site microscopy of strings of rubidium atoms in an optical lattice shows thermalization on a local scale. Statistical mechanics relies on the maximization of entropy in a system at thermal equilibrium. However, an isolated quantum many-body system initialized in a pure state remains pure during Schrödinger evolution, and in this sense it has static, zero entropy. We experimentally studied the emergence of statistical mechanics in a quantum state and observed the fundamental role of quantum entanglement in facilitating this emergence. Microscopy of an evolving quantum system indicates that the full quantum state remains pure, whereas thermalization occurs on a local scale. We directly measured entanglement entropy, which assumes the role of the thermal entropy in thermalization. The entanglement creates local entropy that validates the use of statistical physics for local observables. Our measurements are consistent with the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.
Extended Functionality Attacks on IoT Devices: The Case of Smart Lights

In this paper we consider the security aspects of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which bridge the physical and virtual worlds. We propose a new taxonomy of attacks, which classifies them into four broad categories. The most interesting category (which we call functionality extension attacks) uses the designed functionality of the IoT device to achieve a totally different effect. To demonstrate this type of attack, we consider the case of smart lights (whose original functionality is just to control the color and intensity of the lights in a particular room) and show how to use them to achieve unrelated effects. In the first attack, we use smart lights as a covert LIFI communication system to exfiltrate data from a highly secure (or even fully airgapped) office building. We implemented the attack and were able to read the leaked data from a distance of over 100 meters using only cheap and readily available equipment. In another attack, we showed that an attacker can strobe the lights at a frequency which may trigger seizures in people suffering from photosensitive epilepsy (in the same way that rapidly flashing video games can cause such seizures). In our experiments, we have tested both high-end and lower-end smart light systems, ranging from an expensive Philips HUE system to a cheap system manufactured by LimitlessLED. In addition, we consider other weaknesses of the systems we tested, and propose feasible remedies for the problems we found.
Efficient and Flexible Discovery of PHP Application Vulnerabilities

The Web today is a growing universe of pages and applications teeming with interactive content. The security of such applications is of the utmost importance, as exploits can have a devastating impact on personal and economic levels. The number one programming language in Web applications is PHP, powering more than 80% of the top ten million websites. Yet it was not designed with security in mind and, today, bears a patchwork of fixes and inconsistently designed functions with often unexpected and hardly predictable behavior that typically yield a large attack surface. Consequently, it is prone to different types of vulnerabilities, such as SQL Injection or Cross-Site Scripting. In this paper, we present an interprocedural analysis technique for PHP applications based on code property graphs that scales well to large amounts of code and is highly adaptable in its nature. We implement our prototype using the latest features of PHP 7, leverage an efficient graph database to store code property graphs for PHP, and subsequently identify different types of Web application vulnerabilities by means of programmable graph traversals. We show the efficacy and the scalability of our approach by reporting on an analysis of 1,854 popular open-source projects, comprising almost 80 million lines of code.
Arabidopsis transcriptional repressor VAL1 triggers Polycomb silencing at FLC during vernalization

The determinants that specify the genomic targets of Polycomb silencing complexes are still unclear. Polycomb silencing of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) accelerates flowering and involves a cold-dependent epigenetic switch. Here we identify a single point mutation at an intragenic nucleation site within FLC that prevents this epigenetic switch from taking place. The mutation blocks nucleation of plant homeodomain–Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PHD-PRC2) and indicates a role for the transcriptional repressor VAL1 in the silencing mechanism. VAL1 localizes to the nucleation region in vivo, promoting histone deacetylation and FLC transcriptional silencing, and interacts with components of the conserved apoptosis- and splicing-associated protein (ASAP) complex. Sequence-specific targeting of transcriptional repressors thus recruits the machinery for PHD-PRC2 nucleation and epigenetic silencing.
Imprinting and recalling cortical ensembles

Building new networks in the brain Donald Hebb's hypothesis that coactivation of neurons leads to the formation of ensembles of neurons has inspired neuroscientists for decades. The experimental creation of such ensembles has been technically challenging. Using two-photon optogenetic stimulation with single-cell resolution, Carrillo-Reid et al. discovered that recurrent activation of a group of neurons creates an ensemble that is imprinted in the brain circuitry. Activation of a single neuron can lead to recall of the entire ensemble in a phenomenon called pattern completion. The artificial ensemble persists over days and can be reactivated at later time points without interfering with endogenous circuitry. Science, this issue p. 691 Hebbian synaptic plasticity can be artificially introduced in the neocortex of awake animals. Neuronal ensembles are coactive groups of neurons that may represent building blocks of cortical circuits. These ensembles could be formed by Hebbian plasticity, whereby synapses between coactive neurons are strengthened. Here we report that repetitive activation with two-photon optogenetics of neuronal populations from ensembles in the visual cortex of awake mice builds neuronal ensembles that recur spontaneously after being imprinted and do not disrupt preexisting ones. Moreover, imprinted ensembles can be recalled by single- cell stimulation and remain coactive on consecutive days. Our results demonstrate the persistent reconfiguration of cortical circuits by two-photon optogenetics into neuronal ensembles that can perform pattern completion.
Soft-Switching Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Using a Lossless Active Snubber

A soft-switching bidirectional dc-dc converter using a lossless active snubber is proposed in this paper. In the proposed converter, zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of main switches is achieved by utilizing an active snubber which consists of auxiliary switches, diodes, an inductor, and a capacitor. Although conduction losses associated with additional components increase, switching losses are significantly reduced due to the ZVS operation of main switches. Therefore, total efficiency is improved. Moreover, there is no reverse-recovery problem of the intrinsic body diodes of the switches. To verify the ZVS of the main switches and efficiency improvement of the proposed bidirectional dc-dc converter, theoretical analysis and experimental results from a 200 W prototype are discussed.
Immunohistochemical Profiling of ALK Fusion Gene–Positive Adenocarcinomas of the Lung

Our aim was to determine whether or not non-small-cell lung cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC); even in small samples, it is essential in view of the side effects attendant on new therapeutics. Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) with the EML4-ALK fusion gene has been described as demonstrating mucinous cribriform/acinar growth and signet-ring cells, sometimes partially simulating SQCC. We investigated the relation among morphology, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, and immunophenotype in 321 ADCs by tissue microarray using SQCC markers cytokeratin (CK)5/6, CK14, desmocollin-3, desmoglein-3, p40, p63 versus ADC markers thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1 and napsin A. Unlike 312 ALK-negative ADCs, 9 ALK-positive cases were negative for 4 SQCC markers. Only 1 ALK-positive ADC showing assertive morphology was positive for CK5/6 and p63 as well as for TTF-1 and napsin A. Coexpression of TTF-1/p40 was not observed, unlike that of TTF-1/p63 reported previously. There was no statistically significant difference between ALK-negative and ALK-positive ADC by immunohistochemical profiling.
Basidiomycete yeasts in the cortex of ascomycete macrolichens

Lichens assemble in three parts Lichen growth forms cannot be recapitulated in the laboratory by culturing the plant and fungal partners together. Spribille et al. have discovered that the classical binary view of lichens is too simple. Instead, North American beard-like lichens are constituted of not two but three symbiotic partners: an ascomycetous fungus, a photosynthetic alga, and, unexpectedly, a basidiomycetous yeast. The yeast cells form the characteristic cortex of the lichen thallus and may be important for its shape. The yeasts are ubiquitous and essential partners for most lichens and not the result of lichens being colonized or parasitized by other organisms. Science, this issue p. 488 Complete functioning lichen thalli have three partners: alga and ascomycete, plus a basidiomycete yeast. For over 140 years, lichens have been regarded as a symbiosis between a single fungus, usually an ascomycete, and a photosynthesizing partner. Other fungi have long been known to occur as occasional parasites or endophytes, but the one lichen–one fungus paradigm has seldom been questioned. Here we show that many common lichens are composed of the known ascomycete, the photosynthesizing partner, and, unexpectedly, specific basidiomycete yeasts. These yeasts are embedded in the cortex, and their abundance correlates with previously unexplained variations in phenotype. Basidiomycete lineages maintain close associations with specific lichen species over large geographical distances and have been found on six continents. The structurally important lichen cortex, long treated as a zone of differentiated ascomycete cells, appears to consistently contain two unrelated fungi.
Mismatch Characterization of Small Metal Fringe Capacitors

Even though small metal fringe capacitors are important for the realization of a variety of circuits, including low-energy analog-to-digital converters and digitally controlled oscillators, the present literature is lacking experimental data on their mismatch characteristics. This paper describes a test structure and measurement results pertaining to the characterization of single-layer, lateral-field, 0.45-fF and 1.2-fF unit metal capacitors in a 32-nm SOI CMOS process. The measurement-inferred average standard deviations for these capacitances are 1.2% and 0.8%, respectively, confirming area scaling according to Pelgrom's matching formula.
Ethical and legal implications of treating casualty wild animals

THE care of wildlife presents many veterinary challenges and dilemmas. The animals are, by definition, ‘wild’ and as such have no owner. Diagnosis and treatment can be time‐consuming, frustrating and expensive. Care of wild animals is complicated by their being particularly susceptible to stressors and other adverse effects of close contact with humans and confinement in captivity. Despite great advances in wildlife, zoo and exotic animal medicine in recent years, relatively little information is available about the biology, let alone the veterinary care, of the majority of wild species that may be presented for examination and treatment. These difficulties are compounded by the fact that in the UK, and many other countries, wildlife species are protected under national legislation and other statutes may apply to some of them. Veterinary surgeons who are involved in treating casualty wild animals must, therefore, be aware of the relevant legislation and abide by it. They also need to be able to advise clients appropriately. In addition to the practicalities and legal considerations of wildlife care outlined above, there are numerous ethical dilemmas confronting those who involve themselves in such work. These are often complex and the solutions are usually not clear cut. This article discusses ethical and legal aspects of treating casualty wild animals, with particular reference to the situation, as it stands, in the UK, but drawing, where appropriate, on the authors’ own experience and relevant information from elsewhere.
Computertomographische Differentialdiagnostik einschmelzender pulmonaler Raumforderungen

: One hundred cavitating pulmonary foci were examined by CT; the appearances have been analysed and compared with the histological findings. Three types of disease have been characterised: bronchial carcinomas, lung metastases and benign lesions. Compared with benign lesions, malignant disease shows a significantly higher incidence of cystic or multiple cavities: thick cavity walls; radiation of tumour tissue; enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes; ipsilateral displacement of the mediastinum; intrapulmonary satellite foci and infiltration of the thoracic wall. Morphologically, tumours can be most easily distinguished from metastases by their ill-defined outer contours. Non-epidermoid primary lung tumours have a higher incidence of pleural effusions and other pleural reactions than have tumours of other origins. 80% of cavitating lung tumours are squamous cell carcinomas, the remaining 20% consist of adeno- and large cell carcinomas. Small cell carcinomas practically never show cavitation.