Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between service quality and tipping in Norway: Do perceived service quality and other factors have a relationship with tip size in Norwegian restaurants?

This research paper focuses on the service quality and tipping relationship. It goes on examining how this relationship is in Norway and tries to find other factors that could have an effect on tipping. The method applied was to collect quantitative data from customers that had just finished their dining experience and had paid their bill and tip. The main factors that were investigated on the customer level was perceived service quality, food quality, server attractiveness, group size and alcohol consumption and their effect on tip percent. The server self-rated quality was also investigated to see if it had any relationship with the tip percent. Findings indicate that there is a relationship between service quality and tip percent but that this relationship is weak. There is also a relationship found between the factors server attractiveness, group size, patronage frequency and server self-rated service quality with tip percent. The implications of these and other findings are discussed. SERVICE QUALITY AND TIPPING 4 Table of
Corporate Social Responsibility in Cyberspace: Selling out to Autocratic Regimes: Implications from the Case of Google Corporation in China

Purpose – To examine corporate social responsibility in cyberspace within the context of the experience of Google Corporation in China in order to provide greater understanding of the complexities that corporations encounter when operating across cyber borders.Design/methodology/approach – The research is grounded in the theoretical debate: The Internet as democratic and universal space versus the Internet as autocratic and sovereign space. Historical analysis is drawn from the case of Google Corporation in China.Findings – Freedom in cyberspace is more likely to be advanced universally with a collective commitment to corporate social responsibility in the information technology sector.Research limitations/implications – The study provides insights into the appropriate balance between the ethical responsibilities of the firm and its need to compete and survive in the highly competitive information age.Originality/value of chapter – The case of Google Corporation in China offers a venue for further discussion on the ethical role of transnational information technology corporations and their improvements in fostering human rights and free enterprise in cyberspace.
The insulin receptor and the molecular mechanism of insulin action.

In humans and most other vertebrates, the primary hormone involved in control of blood glucose is insulin. Insulin acts on cells to stimulate glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism, as well as RNA and DNA synthesis, by modifying the activity of a variety of enzymes and transport processes. The importance ofunderstanding insulin action is not limited to simply satisfying the intellectual needs of the curious biochemist or cell biologist. Elucidating the molecular pathways ofinsulin action forms an important cornerstone upon which to unravel the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mel-litus and a major component of other insulin-resistant states including obesity, uremia, glucocorticoid, and growth hormone excess, as well as a variety of rarer genetic disorders such as leprechaunism, the type A syndrome of insulin resistance, and lipoatrophic diabetes. The actions of insulin at the cellular level are initiated by insulin binding to its plasma membrane receptor (1-4). This receptor is present on virtually all mammalian tissues, although the concentration varies from as few as 40 receptors on circulating erythrocytes to more than 200,000 receptors on adipocytes and hepatocytes. Like the surface membrane receptors for other hormones and growth factors, the insulin receptor serves at least two functions. The first is to recognize the hormone among all other substances in the blood. This is accomplished by binding the hormone with high affinity and a high degree of specificity. The second function is to produce a transmembrane signal that alters intracellular metabolism and mediates the action ofthe hormone. Recognition ofthe insulin molecule by its receptor is a complex molecular event and is closely linked to signal transmission. The binding domain of the insulin molecule is composed of distant portions of the A and B chains, which come together on one surface as a result of three-dimensional folding to form the receptor binding region (5). Among over 200 analogues of insulin studied, there is an almost perfect correlation between receptor-binding affinity and biological effect (1, 5, 6). No competitive antagonists of insulin action at the receptor level have, as of yet, been uncovered , suggesting that the structural requirements for binding include all the features necessary for biological action. Interestingly , the binding properties of the insulin receptor are better conserved in evolution than are the properties of the insulin molecule itself (7). The insulin receptor is a heterotetrameric glycoprotein consisting of two a-subunits of Mr = 135,000 and two (3-sub-units of Mr …
Sound conduction in the dolphin ear.

By use of the electrical potentials of the cochlea, the pathway of sound conduction to the ear was investigated in two species of dolphins, Tursiops truncatus and Lagenorkynchus obliquidens. The observations show that the external auditory meatus is vestigial and that neither this meatus nor the tympanic membrane plays any part in sound reception. The ossicular chain has an essential function, though the outermost ossicle, the malleus, can be removed without seriously affecting the conductive process. It is concluded that auditory stimulation in the dolphin occurs by bone conduction. Acoustic vibrations in the water reach the ear through the tissues of the head, and set up differential motions between the stapes and the cochlear capsule. These differential motions involve the cochlear fluids, which are given mobility by the presence of gas in the region of the round window. The vibrations of the basilar membrane and stimulation of the hair cells of the organ of Corti then follow in the usual way.
Lactococcal Phage Genes Involved in Sensitivity to AbiK and Their Relation to Single-Strand Annealing Proteins

ABSTRACT Lactococcal phage mutants insensitive to the antiviral abortive infection mechanism AbiK are divided into two classes. One comprises virulent phages that result from DNA exchanges between a virulent phage and the host chromosome. Here, we report the analysis of the second class of phage mutants, which are insensitive to AbiK as a result of a single nucleotide change causing an amino acid substitution. The mutated genes occupy the same position in the various lactococcal phage genomes, but the deduced proteins do not share amino acid sequence similarity. Four nonsimilar proteins involved in the sensitivity to AbiK (Sak) were identified. Two of these Sak proteins are related to Erf and RAD52, single-strand annealing proteins involved in homologous recombination.
Multiple Glassy States in a Simple Model System

Experiments, theory, and simulation were used to study glass formation in a simple model system composed of hard spheres with short-range attraction (“sticky hard spheres”). The experiments, using well-characterized colloids, revealed a reentrant glass transition line. Mode-coupling theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the reentrance is due to the existence of two qualitatively different glassy states: one dominated by repulsion (with structural arrest due to caging) and the other by attraction (with structural arrest due to bonding). This picture is consistent with a study of the particle dynamics in the colloid using dynamic light scattering.
The Research on the Logistics Management Mode and the Application of AHP and DEA of X Group’s Chain Supermarket Under the E- commerce Environment

With the rapid development of science and technology, people's life style has changed greatly. Under the background of that, the electronic commerce, conforming to the historical tide, has been used by more and more businesses man and customers. At the same time, the logistics management, which was born along with the electronic commerce, makes a lot difference to social development. This article cites the theory of logistics management to establish the Grey correlation methods of analytic hierarchy process and data envelopment analysis through analyzing the chain operation enterprise. And after a comprehensive analysis from some specific examples, it also draws a conclusion that the main factors which affect the logistics management are the cost and the availability of investment, and the choice of logistics management mode is the third party logistics management model and joint distribution logistics management mode. The research of the theory points out the emphasis of the construction of logistics management, and guides the development direction of logistics management.
Field-coupled nanomagnets for interconnect-free nonvolatile computing

Exploiting the magnetic interaction of field-coupled single-domain magnets is promising for rad-hard, nonvolatile, dense and highly parallel digital information processing. The shortcomings of metal wiring are overcome as no current flow is needed for the logic operation. In principle only few kBT energy per switching event are dissipated [1]. Magnetic computing structures have been demonstrated before [2–4]. Here electrical in- and output, magnetic signal branching and amplifier-like structures are fabricated, which will allow for complete computing systems operating at room temperature.
Tick Size Wars

We explore an event where three stock exchanges (Chi-X, Turquoise, BATS Europe) in 2009 reduced their tick sizes (the minimum price increment in the limit order book) for stocks with a primary listing at the Oslo Stock Exchange (OSE). The OSE quickly responded by reducing its own tick sizes, before all markets agreed on a common tick size structure. Consistent with recent theoretical work by Buti, Consonni, Rindi, Wen and Werner (2015), we find that markets with small tick sizes capture market shares. However, inconsistent with Buti et al, we find little evidence that the observed changes to market shares are due to cross-market differences in tick size constraints. Instead, our empirical results suggest that the tick size affects the distribution of market shares through its impact on the trading behavior of high-frequency traders. Finally, we find that tick size reductions appear to have negative spill-over effects on the stock liquidity in markets that keep larger tick sizes.
Mentally abnormal prisoners on remand: II—Comparison of services provided by Oxford and Wessex regions

Most regional health authorities have or plan to have secure units for treating mentally abnormal offenders. A retrospective study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of the health care services for men remanded to Winchester prison from Oxford and Wessex regions over the five years 1979-83. Thirty seven (30%) of 124 prisoners from Oxford region were rejected for treatment compared with 36 (16%) of the 220 men from Wessex region. Men from Oxford region were significantly more likely to be recommended for admission to a special hospital than those from Wessex (13/124 (10%) v 9/220 (4%), respectively) and significantly less likely to be recommended for admission to a hospital in the catchment area (35/124 (28%) v 94/220 (43%)). Men on remand from Oxford region were significantly more often perceived as being disruptive or aggressive by hospital staff and more likely to be labelled as having psychopathic or personality disorders. These differences may have reflected different attitudes towards mentally abnormal offenders and the allowances in the services available in the two regions; in particular, Oxford region did not have a secure unit or a forensic psychiatrist. If mentally ill prisoners do not receive the treatment that they need they run the risk of being criminalised. Most such men are best treated in general psychiatric units; only a few require secure conditions and staff with specialised psychiatric skills.
A novel method for camera planar motion detection and robust estimation of the 1D trifocal tensor

A camera moving in a plane can often simplify a computer vision job. Camera self-calibration and robot self-location are good examples. We focus on the problem of camera planar motion and its application to the camera self-calibration method of Faugeras et al. (1998). We have made three new contributions to the camera planar motion detection. First, we prove that the trifocal lines in different views of the same planar motion must have the same line representation in the 2D retinal plane. This conclusion greatly simplifies the planar motion detection problem. Second, we distinguish the usage of three different cases of planar motion: ordinary planar motion, co-linear planar motion and rotation planar motion. Third, we propose the robust planar motion detection method and the method of estimation of trifocal lines in the uniform framework under the above three configurations. We have also purposed a method for eliminating the 2D image points whose 1D projection points are inaccurate and cause significant errors on the estimation of the 1D trifocal tensor. Experiments with our new techniques using simulated data and real images had obtained very good results, which are better than those reported in the above article.
Clinical impact and functional aspects of tenascin‐C expression during glioma progression

The extracellular matrix protein tenascin‐C is expressed in processes like embryogenesis and wound healing and in neoplasia. Tenascin‐C expression in gliomas has been described previously; however, the relation to clinical data remains inconsistent. Generally, analysis of tenascin‐C function is difficult due to different alternatively spliced isoforms. Our studies focus on changes in tenascin‐C expression in human gliomas, correlating these changes with tumor progression and elucidating the functional role of the glioma cell‐specific tenascin‐C isoform pool. Eighty‐six glioma tissues of different World Health Organization (WHO) grades were analyzed immunohistochemically for tenascin‐C expression. The influence of the specific tenascin‐C isoforms produced by glioblastoma cells on proliferation and migration was examined in vitro using blocking antibodies recognizing all isoforms. In general, tenascin‐C expression increased with tumor malignancy. Perivascular staining of tenascin‐C around tumor‐supplying blood vessels was observed in all glioblastoma tissues, whereas in WHO II and III gliomas, perivascular tenascin‐C staining appeared less frequently. The appearance of perivascular tenascin‐C correlated significantly with a shorter disease‐free time. Analysis of proliferation and migration in the presence of blocking antibodies revealed an inhibition of proliferation by around 30% in all 3 glioblastoma cell cultures, as well as a decrease in migration of 30.6–46.7%. Thus we conclude that the endogenous pool of tenascin‐C isoforms in gliomas supports both tumor cell proliferation and tumor cell migration. In addition, our data on the perivascular staining of tenascin‐C in WHO II and III gliomas and its correlation with a shorter disease‐free time suggest that tenascin‐C may be a new and potent prognostic marker for an earlier tumor recurrence. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reclassement d'images par le contenu

RESUME. Cet article presente une methode permettant de reclasser les images fournies par un moteur de recherche par mots-cles a l’echelle du web et a l’etat de l’art. Cette methode utilise le contenu visuel des images et elle est basee sur l’idee que les images pertinentes doivent etre semblables entre elles et que les images non pertinentes doivent etre differentes entre elle et des images pertinentes. Cette idee a ete implementee en classant les images en fonction de la distance moyenne de celles-ci avec leurs plus proches voisines. Le reclassement seul selon cette methode ne fait pas mieux que le classement original du systeme de recherche mais, combine a celui-ci, il permet un gain en performance relatif d’environ 3% en termes de precision moyenne et d’environ 7% si l’on considere le complement a 1 de la precision moyenne. Ce gain est statistiquement significatif et il est apporte a un systeme deja tres performant pour l’exploitation de l’ensemble des informations textuelles associees aux images.
PHOTOCONTROL OF FUNGAL DEVELOPMENT

The life of fungi is greatly modulated by light, as seen in the formation of reproductive structures, pigment biosynthesis, phototaxis, phototropism and so on. The development of reproductive structures such as conidia, perithecia and basidiocarps is ecologically very significant because it finally leads not only to enlargement of the habitat of the fungi but also to preservation of their own species. Two kinds of photoreactions have been found in the photocontrol of sporulation: a promotive one for spore development and an inhibitory one. Whether both or one of those photoreactions is involved in sporulation depends on the species. Some fungi sporulate and discharge spores at a definite time during the day, as if they were responding to photoperiodism. Most of the photomorphogenetic responses in fungi are controlled either by near-UV and blue light or by near-UV light alone. The responsible light receptor is referred to as a blue/UV-A light-absorbing pigment (or cryptochrome(s)) and as a UV-B lightabsorbing pigment (Senger, 1984). A few photoresponses, as seen in spore germination and spore discharge, have also been found to be influenced by yellow-red light (Ingold, 1971). In the past 4 years, however, there have been few reports on such red light effects in fungal development. Nevertheless, we should keep in mind that only about 100 species of fungi out of more than 50 000 on earth have been studied, and several species out of those have been studied in detail in the field of photobiolOgY. This review will focus mainly on advancements made during 19841987 in the study of photocontrol of fungal sporulation and in related studies. The following references should also be noted: photomovement (Hader, 1987), photophysiology of Phycomyces (Galland and Lipson, 1984; Cerda-Olmedo and Lipson, 1986), Photobiology of fungi (Furuya, 1986). blue light responses (Senger, 1984, 1987; Durand. 1985).
Business Organizations and Collaborative Web: Practices, Strategies and Patterns

Business Organizations and Collaborative Web: Practices, Strategies and Patterns delves deeper into identifying specific business processes and their linkage with the collaborative Web, while understanding the related implications for individuals, organizations and society. This book identifies current practices and future possibilities of making the collaborative Web a tool for business. It also presents the opportunities and challenges confronting organizations in the light of such emerging trends and should prove to be a valuable asset to strategists, managers, academicians, researchers, and students in any area of business and management.
Redundant motions of non-redundant robots a new approach to singularity treatment

This paper presents a novel approach to singularity treatment of non-redundant robots. In particular it tries to yield a complete solution to the singularity problem. Based on the symbolic deduction of the inverse Jacobian a necessary condition is derived to discriminate between executable and non-executable motions. In this context the redundant motions in a singular robot configuration are examined and illustrated. The robot can move out of the singular configuration without any position or orientation error. Two strategies are derived to move through the singular configuration. The results although general-are verified using the six axis ROTEX robot, the first remotely controlled space robot.
PIAS1 interacts with and represses SOX9 transactivation activity

SOX9 is a transcription factor that harbors a HMG box and plays critical roles in developmental processes including sex determination and chondrogenesis. Currently the regulation of its molecular activity is not well characterized. In the present study, we have identified PIAS1 as a regulator for SOX9 activity. Using the GST pull‐down, co‐immunoprecipitation, and co‐localization methods in tissue culture cells and mouse embryonic tissues, we demonstrated that SOX9 interacts with PIAS1 in vitro and in vivo. PIAS1 enhanced the SUMOylation at lysine 396 of mouse SOX9. Mutant SOX9 with a conversion of lysine 396 to arginine had a distinct nuclear localization from SOX9 with covalently attached SUMO‐1. Effects of SOX9 SUMOylation on its transcriptional activity were examined by reporter assays using Vanin‐1 promoter and Col11a2 enhancer constructs. The lysine 396 to arginine conversion significantly increased the reporter gene activity, while covalent attachment of SUMO‐1 to SOX9 by gene fusion dramatically compromised its transcriptional activity on the reporter gene. Effects of SOX9 interaction with PIAS1 on its transcriptional activity were examined by similar reporter assays. PIAS1 was able to repress both wild type SOX9 and SUMOylation‐deficient SOX9‐K396R, suggesting that SOX9 SUMOylation is not absolutely required for the repression by PIAS1. However, the repression was further enhanced by exogenous SUMO‐1 while SUMO‐ligase‐deficient PIAS1 was not able to repress SOX9 activity. Thus, PIAS1 appears to repress SOX9 activity by at least two SUMO‐ligase dependent mechanisms: (1) the SUMOylation of SOX9 and (2) SUMOylation of unknown factors associated with SOX9 and/or PIAS1. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1446–1455, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fusion of direct and indirect temperature estimation techniques for permanent magnet synchronous motors

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely used in many industry fields. Maximizing their degree of thermal utilization reduces the motor's weight, volume and cost. For this reason, real-time temperature information is required. However, this cannot be solely obtained from measurement sensors due to costs and constructional drawbacks. Thus, several direct temperature modeling techniques, like lumped-parameter thermal networks (LPTN), and indirect temperature estimation approaches based on accurate electrical motor models detecting temperature-sensitive parameter changes were investigated in the last years. As these methods are typically independent of each other, fusion approaches can be used to increase the conjoint estimation accuracy and robustness. In this contribution a Kalman filter (KF) is successfully combined with a low-order LPTN, an electrical model-based permanent magnet temperature observer and a built-in winding temperature sensor to achieve this goal. Measurement results for a 50 kW PMSM proof the enhanced KF performance compared to the individual estimation techniques.