Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vascularized free fibular flap for mandibular reconstruction: a report of 26 cases.

PURPOSE Mandibular reconstruction represents a challenge to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon and has been revolutionized by the modern microvascular techniques. Rehabilitation using techniques such as reconstruction plates frequently produce a functional and cosmetic defect. The primary objective of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of the osteomuscular free fibular flap for this purpose. PATIENTS AND METHODS The results of 26 vascularized free fibula flaps with or without a skin paddle that were used for mandibular reconstruction is presented. The "double barrel" technique was used in 6 cases. The donor site was closed directly in 2 cases and with an abdominal full-thickness skin graft in 24 cases. RESULTS All flaps except 1 were viable. There was partial necrosis of the skin island in 1 patient. The average length of the fibula graft was 10.96 cm, and the number of osteotomies ranged from 0 to 3. In the donor site, the most significant problem was unsatisfactory scarring related to the use of a skin graft. There were no long-term functional complications in the lower leg. Two patients have been secondarily rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants. CONCLUSION The fibula flap provides a successful bone graft for mandibular restoration with an acceptably low complication rate. This method meets most of the requirements for oral and mandibular replacement.
PERSPECTIVE: Older Adults' Adoption of Technology: An Integrated Approach to Identifying Determinants and Barriers

Technology has recently begun to be explored as a way to cope with the challenges related to the aging of the population. However, while many technological systems for older adults have entered the market, the rate of adoption is low despite the potential benefits they intend to provide. The market response suggests that older adults' adoption of technology is not simply a matter of performance and price, but a complex issue that is affected by multiple factors. To address the issue in a more comprehensive way, this review study identifies factors that influence older adults' perceptions and decisions around adoption and use of technology-enabled products and services with an integration of related findings from various fields. Based on a survey of related studies, 10 factors—value, usability, affordability, accessibility, technical support, social support, emotion, independence, experience, and confidence—are identified as the facilitators or determinants of older adults' adoption of technology. While previous studies have focused on detailed design and physical ease-of-use, the 10 factors provide a holistic framework that covers social contexts of use and delivery and communication channels as well as individual characteristics and technical features. This paper describes the factors with empirical evidence and design implications. The goal of this paper is to provide a base for a more comprehensive understanding of older adults as users and consumers of technology; to inform designers, developers, and managers about practical implications; and to set a research agenda for future studies in related fields.
The Use of Celebrity Endorsement As Marketing Communication Strategy by Turkish Airlines

In today’s highly competitive market, companies use celebrities in advertisements. Due to the development in the field of mass communications, as one of the oldest branding tools, celebrity endorsement will keep its effect. Turkish Airlines has confirmed with its own example that the celebrity endorsement works and they have proven it globally. The main objective of this paper is to show application of celebrity endorsement as a branding tool generally in airlines and specifically in Turkish Airlines, which has long term celebrity branding strategies. Current literature provides evidences that celebrity endorsement has positive impact on brand. The case of Turkish Airlines proved to be one more evidence that this positive relationship is really true.
A multi‐dimensional construct of commercial motor vehicle operators' attitudes toward safety regulations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a measurement scale to assess over‐the‐road commercial motor vehicle operators' attitudes toward safety regulations.Design/methodology/approach – A literature review of the current USA motor carrier safety literature and general safety literature is conducted to determine the existence of a construct and measurement scale suitable for assessing truck drivers' attitudes toward regulations. As no existing construct is found, a new construct needs to be developed. A rigorous construct development process is conducted to establish the content domain, reliability, and validity of a new construct to measure truck drivers' regulatory attitudes.Findings – The results of this paper shows a reliable and valid construct to measure truck drivers' perceptions of the general attitude, effectiveness, and enforcement of safety regulations.Research limitations/implications – This effort is the initial construct development process and use of the construct in theory testing.
The Competitive Success of the Brand: A New Management and Marketing Approach

A brand management framework is routinely advocated in gaining market share leadership within a product market, with consequent advantages accruing to the leading brand. Such a marketing-mix-based approach often fails to explain the absolute dominance of a leader over all other brands, particularly in international markets. This paper presents such a case from Thailand's very large imported Scotch whisky market and attempts to provide a behavioral - loyalty based explanation for the increasing share gap between the leader brand and its challenger. The behavioral loyalty may be considered in a new strategic orientation which aims at psychological goals. Such goals may support economic results.
AN ANALYSIS OF AGE AND OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHEMENTS IN ONDO STATE

The study focused on an examination of age and ownership structures of small scale industrial establishments in Ondo State of Nigeria. This was with a view to assessing the survival rates as will as the structure of enterprises’ owners. The study made use of 353 questionnaires which constituted 25% of enterprises administered on nine settlements proportionately on basis of existing enterprises in each settlement. These were analysed using descriptive methods. The study found out that over 48% of existing enterprises with some variation across the 3 sampled regions were established between year 2000 and 2012. Moreover, only 1.7% of existing enterprises were those established before year 1970. This reflects high mortality rates among the enterprises. Moreover the structure of ownership revealed dominance of sole proprietorship accounting for over 90% of all enterprises owners. This has its problems since sole proprietors are considerably constrained in term of finance and managerial capability, they often find it hard to survive. As a way forward the study recommends more governmental support in terms of improved access to finance and training.
The Role of Divisional Affiliation in Athletic Department Web Site Coverage

With the growing popularity of the Internet as a communication medium, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic departments have turned to their Web sites to build interest in their product among consumers. As sites continue to develop traffic, it is important to examine the coverage being provided on the home Web pages to determine whether equitable coverage is being allocated to men’s and women’s nonrevenue sport teams. The current research featured a content analysis of NCAA divisional Web-site coverage during an academic school year. From a broad perspective, the results indicated that only Division III provided equitable gender and individual team coverage allocations on its home Web pages. In contrast, the data also supported the notion that Division I athletic programs (Football Bowl Subdivision [FBS] and Football Championship Subdivision [FCS]) provided significantly more coverage to men’s baseball, men’s basketball, and men’s football than nonrevenue-sport teams. The FBS and FCS c.
Biofilm Formation by the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium columnare: Development and Parameters Affecting Surface Attachment

ABSTRACT Flavobacterium columnare is a bacterial fish pathogen that affects many freshwater species worldwide. The natural reservoir of this pathogen is unknown, but its resilience in closed aquaculture systems posits biofilm as the source of contagion for farmed fish. The objectives of this study were (i) to characterize the dynamics of biofilm formation and morphology under static and flow conditions and (ii) to evaluate the effects of temperature, pH, salinity, hardness, and carbohydrates on biofilm formation. Nineteen F. columnare strains, including representatives of all of the defined genetic groups (genomovars), were compared in this study. The structure of biofilm was characterized by light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. F. columnare was able to attach to and colonize inert surfaces by producing biofilm. Surface colonization started within 6 h postinoculation, and microcolonies were observed within 24 h. Extracellular polysaccharide substances and water channels were observed in mature biofilms (24 to 48 h). A similar time course was observed when F. columnare formed biofilm in microfluidic chambers under flow conditions. The virulence potential of biofilm was confirmed by cutaneous inoculation of channel catfish fingerlings with mature biofilm. Several physicochemical parameters modulate attachment to surfaces, with the largest influence being exerted by hardness, salinity, and the presence of mannose. Maintenance of hardness and salinity values within certain ranges could prevent biofilm formation by F. columnare in aquaculture systems.
Quantifying the level of under‐detection of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness cases

To formally quantify the level of under‐detection of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness (SS) during an epidemic in Uganda, a decision tree (under‐detection) model was developed; concurrently, to quantify the subset of undetected cases that sought health care but were not diagnosed, a deterministic (subset) model was developed. The values of the under‐detection model parameters were estimated from previously published records of the duration of symptoms prior to presentation and the ratio of early to late stage cases in 760 SS patients presenting at LIRI hospital, Tororo, Uganda during the 1988–1990 epidemic of SS. For the observed early to late stage ratio of 0.47, we estimate that the proportion of under‐detection in the catchment area of LIRI hospital was 0.39 (95% CI 0.37–0.41) i.e. 39% of cases are not reported. Based on this value, it is calculated that for every one reported death of SS, 12.0 (95% CI 11.0–13.0) deaths went undetected in the LIRI hospital catchment area – i.e. 92% of deaths are not reported. The deterministic (subset) model structured on the possible routes of a SS infection to either diagnosis or death through the health system or out of it, showed that of a total of 73 undetected deaths, 62 (CI 60–64) (85%) entered the healthcare system but were not diagnosed, and 11 (CI 11–12) died without seeking health care from a recognized health unit. The measure of early to late stage presentation provides a tractable measure to determine the level of rhodesiense SS under‐detection and to gauge the effects of interventions aimed at increasing treatment coverage.
How hotel staff reacts to guests (un)fair treatment by the hotel

This paper suggests that hotel staff perceiving signs of (un)fair treatment to customers by hotels will make responsible of this to the hotel, and depending on whether that treatment is fair or unfair, they increase or decrease their customer-oriented behaviors (COB). Data were collected from 204 surveyed employees at eight luxury hotels in the Canary Islands (Spain). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. Results demonstrate that the more employees perceive interactional and procedural justice toward guests, the more they engage in customer-oriented behaviors (COBs). These findings suggest the need to prevent events of guest mistreatment by the hotel, especially those visible to employees, in order to promote customer-oriented behaviors (COBs). This is the first empirical study in which both organizational justice (distributive, procedural, and interactional) and citizenship behaviors (OCBs) both directed at customers (COBs) and performed by employees are modeled together.
Exploring a Governance Theory of Supply Chain Management: Barriers and Facilitators to Integration

Supply chain management is rapidly growing as both a strategic initiative and an academic discipline. As firms increasingly include their supply chain partners in the development of business strategy, researchers will have to constantly reevaluate the underlying themes and emergent theories of strategic logistics, management, and marketing by introducing new topics and revisiting seminal extant results. As such, this research was developed to explore the important concept of supply chain integration through strategic governance theory development. Since supply chain governance is a relatively new topic, a grounded study of both new and existing integration facilitators and barriers is presented. The study was initiated with a qualitative “managerial” development of scale items followed by a full empirical analysis. The result is an industry based returning to the source methodology for testing current governance related issues in industry. Contributions include the development of multiple dimensions of supply chain governance across facilitators and barriers, an explanation of the interplay between governance facilitators of, and barriers to, integration, a discussion of strategic level managerial implications, and a call for the future extension of governance research into the theory wanting domain of logistics and supply chain management.
Advances in diagnosis and spatial analysis of cysticercosis and taeniasis

SUMMARY Human cysticercosis, caused by accidental ingestion of eggs of Taenia solium, is one of the most pathogenic helminthiases and is listed among the 17 WHO Neglected Tropical Diseases. Controlling the life-cycle of T. solium between humans and pigs is essential for eradication of cysticercosis. One difficulty for the accurate detection and identification of T. solium species is the possible co-existence of two other human Taenia tapeworms (T. saginata and T. asiatica, which do not cause cysticercosis in humans). Several key issues for taeniasis/cysticercosis (T/C) evidence-based epidemiology and control are reviewed: (1) advances in immunological and molecular tools for screening of human and animals hosts and identification of Taenia species, with a focus on real-time detection of taeniasis carriers and infected animals in field community screenings, and (2) spatial ecological approaches that have been used to detect geospatial patterns of case distributions and to monitor pig activity and behaviour. Most recent eco-epidemiological studies undertaken in Sichuan province, China, are introduced and reviewed.
Thermo‐compositional convection in Europa's icy shell with salinity

We present two‐dimensional numerical simulations of thermo‐compositional convection to test the hypothesis that the combined buoyancy from both thermal and salinity contrasts in Europa's ice shell can produce the numerous uplifts and pits on Europa's surface. Our simulations show that uplifts and pits with amplitude of 100–500 m and diameters of 10–30 km (similar to some of the observed features) can be produced in a 10–30 km‐thick ice shell with 2–10% compositional density variations if the viscosity contrast due to temperature variation does not exceed 106. The pit and uplift formation time and lifetime are approximately proportional to the surface viscosity, ranging from 104 years to 107 years for viscosity contrasts of 104–106. Convection cannot produce substantial surface topography if the viscosity contrast exceeds 107–108. These results imply that thermo‐compositional convection can only produce Europa's pits and uplifts if Europa's surface is weak.
Visual Experience Specifically Regulates Synaptic Molecules in Rat Visual Cortex

To study environmental modulation of synaptic molecular structure, the major postsynaptic density protein (mPSDp) from rat visual cortex was monitored. This membrane component, a Ca2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subunit, was measured during normal postnatal development and after visual deprivation. Total synaptic membrane (SM) protein was used as an index of synapses as a whole. During the first 2 postnatal months, total SM protein in the visual cortex increased 32fold. In contrast, the mPSDp increased 455fold, indicating that different molecular components of the cortical synapse develop differentially. Exposure to complete darkness during the first 2 postnatal weeks prevented normal development of total SM protein in visual cortex, values reaching only 66% of normal. Moreover, environmental lighting preferentially modulated the mPSDp, which attained only 34% of the normal value after dark rearing. Thus, visual deprivation selectively inhibited the normal development of specific synaptic components. Moreover, experience-dependent modulation was area specific. In contrast to the marked effect in visual cortex, light deprivation did not alter synapses in the nonvisual parietal and prefrontal cortices. Finally, the modulation of visual cortex mPSDp was stage specific, since visual experience did not alter the synaptic protein in adults. Our results suggest that early visual experience selectively and specifically modifies molecular synaptic components in the visual cortex.
What Makes People Visit Internet Stores Again? Customer Loyalty for Purchase Involvements for Electronic Commerce

Retaining customer loyalty is crucial in electronic commerce because the value of an Internet store is largely determined by the number of its loyal customers. This paper proposes a multi-phased model of customer loyalty for Internet shopping, which takes the characteristics of the Internet and cyber shopping into consideration. In order to validate the model, we conducted a web-based survey of the customers of various Internet stores, and the data was processed using structural equation modeling analysis. The results indicate that several factors can effectively increase customer loyalty towards an Internet store and that the relative importance of the identified factors varies according to the level of involvement with the product purchased through the store. We suggest several managerial implications in developing Internet stores for higher customer loyalty based on these results.
Innervation patterns of PGP 9.5‐positive nerve fibers within the human lumbar vertebra

Intervertebral disc injury or degeneration is a common cause of low back pain, and yet the specific source of pain remains ambiguous in many cases. Previous research indicates that the central vertebral endplate is highly innervated and can elicit pain responses to pressure. In effort to trace the origin of nerves located at the endplate, we used protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) to stain neurofibers and then quantified the spatial pattern of nerve distribution within a human L4 lumbar vertebra. The majority of nerves were adjacent to blood vessel walls, and consequently the nerve distribution closely resembled previously established vascularity patterns. We observed that the majority of nerves enter the vertebral body posteriorly, via the basivertebral foramen, and cluster in the vertebral center. These nerves follow the course of the nutrient artery, which enters the vertebral body through the basivertebral foramen, then branches toward the superior and inferior endplates. Our observations support the notion that nerves found at the central endplate could originate from sinuvertebral nerves accompanying the nutrient artery into the vertebral body. We also stained neighboring histological sections with calcitonin gene‐related protein and noted significant co‐localization with PGP 9.5, substantiating a nociceptive role for the nerves constituting our distribution pattern.
Energy in 2030 : busting the myths

In this book, we have been searching for socially acceptable ways in which the Netherlands can secure its energy economy in 2030 and beyond. How can the support base for energy developments grow? In setting out to achieve this goal, we have investigated the three mainstays of our energy supply: conventional energy sources, renewable energy and energy saving. We held them up for scrutiny in relation to the social criteria of being affordable, reliable and clean.
Chaotic strings and standard model parameters

We introduce so-called chaotic strings (coupled 1-dimensional noise strings underlying the Parisi-Wu approach of stochastic quantization on a small scale) as a possible amendment of ordinary string theories. These strings are strongly self-interacting and exhibit strongest possible chaotic behavior. Constraints on the vacuum energy of the strings fix a certain discrete set of allowed string couplings. We provide extensive numerical evidence that these string couplings numerically coincide with running standard model coupling constants, evaluated at energy scales given by the masses of the known quarks, leptons and gauge bosons. Chaotic strings can thus be used to provide a theoretical argument why certain standard model parameters are realized in nature, others are not, assuming that the a priori free standard model couplings evolve to the minima of the effective potentials. The chaotic string spectrum correctly reproduces the numerical values of the electroweak and strong coupling constants with a precision of 4-5 digits, as well as the (free) masses of the known quarks and leptons with a precision of 3-4 digits. Neutrino mass predictions consistent with present experiments are obtained. The W boson mass also comes out correctly, and a Higgs mass prediction is obtained. Permanent address: School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
Reverse Transcriptase-Mediated Tropism Switching in Bordetella Bacteriophage

Host-pathogen interactions are often driven by mechanisms that promote genetic variability. We have identified a group of temperate bacteriophages that generate diversity in a gene, designatedmtd (major tropism determinant), which specifies tropism for receptor molecules on host Bordetella species. Tropism switching is the result of a template-dependent, reverse transcriptase–mediated process that introduces nucleotide substitutions at defined locations within mtd. This cassette-based mechanism is capable of providing a vast repertoire of potential ligand-receptor interactions.
A performance evaluation of SCA-FDMA implementation on LabVIEW platform

This paper discusses about a modelling, implementation and performances evaluation of physical layer of single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA). They are done on LabVIEW model-based platform. The SC-FDMA physical layer model consists of data generator, a constellation mapper/demapper, a pair of discrete Fourier transform and channel model. The simulations are performed based on the various of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and number of user in the AWGN and flat Raleigh fading channel models. The bit error rate (BER) performance 10-6 for a single user using QPSK constellation and AWGN channel model is achieved in SNR 4dB. This performance decreases 3dB for multipath channel model.