Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experience of families in accessing government-led support for children with disabilities in Bangladesh

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to understand the experiences of families in accessing government support (i.e., disability allowances and rehabilitation services) for their children with disabilities (CWDs) in Bangladesh. Method We employed a qualitative descriptive method of study and interviewed 27 family members of CWDs. A thematic analysis was applied to analyze data using the following access dimensions to organize themes: availability, accommodation, accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and awareness. Results Participants shared both positive and negative experiences across the access dimensions in accessing government support. Participants appreciated the government’s effort in providing support to CWDs. In particular, disability allowances and coordinated rehabilitation services at one-stop were important for families. Further, positive attitudes, such as respect and support from providers, were reported by many families. However, a majority of participants reported a long wait time to get the disability allowance for CWDs. Participants also reported that a shortage of rehabilitation professionals in the public sector was a major concern. Finally, inaccessible infrastructure (e.g., facilities and transportation) and stigma were barriers for many participants of the study. Conclusion The results suggest that the government’s commitment “on paper” is yet to meet the needs of its intended beneficiaries “in practice”. There is a need for policy intervention to address barriers faced by families within the context of current access pathways. Implications for rehabilitation Shortage of rehabilitation services and limited availability of disability allowances [negatively] affect family member's access to government-led support for their CWDs in Bangladesh. The government has increased services for people with disability significantly but there is a need for it to ensure the availability of all forms of rehabilitation and increase the quota for disability allowances to meet the needs of families. It is imperative to improve mechanisms of monitoring the commitment of enacting tangible results from policies in order to ensure equitable distribution of disability allowance and rehabilitation services.
Capacity Building Together: Shifting Roles for Research and Implementation in Health Resilience Among American Indians in Arizona

Community engagement has become a leading framework for supporting health equity. The process of engagement includes groups working together to continually identify and erode existing inequalities to promote a justice-oriented approach to health and wellness for all. Missing from the literature is a fine-grained study of processes that occur between and among project partners building the foundation for ongoing trust and reciprocity. Our project, Health Resilience among American Indians in Arizona, brought new and seasoned researchers together to collect and analyze data on healthcare provider knowledge and American Indian resilience. Four years after the conclusion of the project, central members of the team developed a postproject self-assessment to investigate lasting impacts of project participation using what we call an “Iterative Poly-knowledge Evaluation Cycle approach. ” Results highlight the value of flexibility of roles and organic change within projects, the importance of a focus on strengths rather than deficits, and the identification of lasting change on project team members at all levels to build and bolster multisectoral scaffolding for partnerships for health. We present this case study to contribute to an understanding of impacts of community-engaged, Indigenous research projects on people who work together toward challenging existing systems of inequality for better community health.
Research on polycystic ovary syndrome: a bibliometric analysis from 2009 to 2019

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive and endocrine disease. However, there have not been any bibliometric studies on the latest scientific results and research trends of PCOS. This study aimed to review the state of research in PCOS worldwide. Publications on PCOS from 2009 to 2019 were identified and evaluated from the database Web of Science. A total of 7814 articles were retrieved. Shanghai Jiao Tong University published the most articles, with 218 publications. Gynecol Endocrinol had the greatest number of publications (n = 541). J Clin Endocr Metab was cited the most, with a total of 32,207 times. An article written by March et al. in 2010 had the most global citations (737 times) and local citations (463 times). From 2009 to 2019, the number of PCOS global publications gradually increased. Gynecol Endocrinol and Endocr Metab were popular journals for PCOS research. Research trends gradually shifted from treatment and methodology to genetics and basic research. The terms ‘microrna,’ ‘rt qpcr,’ ‘lncrna,’ and ‘histological examination’ may be hotspots that should be focused on in PCOS research.
Effect of Electrode to Modiolus Distance on Electrophysiological and Psychophysical Parameters in CI Patients With Perimodiolar and Lateral Electrode Arrays.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the intracochlear position of the latest Cochlear Nucleus 532 electrode array compared with the straight Nucleus 522 and the precurved 512 arrays and determine the effect of the electrode-modiolus distance on electrically evoked compound action potential, C-levels, electrically evoked stapedius reflex thresholds (ESRTs), and impedances. METHODS Postoperative high-resolution cone beam computational tomography images of 30 patients with Cochlear Nucleus 532, 522, and 512 implants were evaluated using the Comet (Cochlea Measurement Tool) program to determine the distance between the 22 individual electrode contacts and the medial wall. ESRTs were documented intraoperatively and electrophysiological as well as psychophysical parameters were measured at multiple time points including the first fitting after the initial activation. RESULTS The electrode-modiolus distance in perimodiolar arrays is uniformly small across the array, whereas in a straight electrode carrier it varies significantly along the length of the array. Electrically evoked compound action potential thresholds and C-levels are larger with increased distance to the modiolus. Impedances and stapedius reflex thresholds do not differ significantly between the arrays. Our results show that the electrode position has a significant effect on both electrophysiological and psychophysical parameters, while impedances and ESRTs are not impacted. CONCLUSION Novel tools can be used in the evaluation of high resolution cone beam computational tomography images to determine individual electrode-modiolus distances after cochlear implantation. The results of this study suggest that the correlations between electrode-modiolus distance and electrophysiological and psychophysical parameters are not sufficiently strong to adjust CI-fitting based on imaging data.
Contraceptive practices in women with chronic medical conditions

Abstract Contraception in women with severe medical conditions is a potential measure to reduce maternal mortality. We sought to determine the contraceptive use in women with medical conditions at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) in Jamaica to determine if there is room for improvement in contraceptive use. Participants were identified from the medical out-patient departments and questionnaires administered. Two hundred and sixty females between 18 and 44 years with varied chronic medical conditions were included. Those included were systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), diabetes, hypertension (HTN), thyroid disease, cardiac and renal disease. The total current use of contraception was 58.4%, while 41.6% were not on contraceptives. The use of barrier methods and long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) was 71% and 10%, respectively. The current use of contraception in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) was 84% (p=.004) and in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 14% (p=.028). Fifty-eight (58, 24.2%) of the women were using two or more methods of contraception. There is a role for improving contraceptive use among women with medical conditions as they are at increased risk of pregnancy complications. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Women with medical comorbidities significantly contribute to both direct and indirect causes of maternal mortality. Contraception may play an integral role in reducing the risk of dying in chronically ill women; however, the use of contraception in this group is often suboptimal. What the results of this study add? This study adds to the literature that in this high-risk group, there is an underuse of long-acting reversible contraceptives, which is ideal for this population. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice or further research? The results will provide evidence that this high-risk group of women should be targeted and counselled regarding their risk of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy as well as contraception use while their condition is optimised. From this evidence, services may be put in place in institutions, especially in low-resource settings.
Secondary Injuries After Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review With Quantitative Analysis

Background: In the skeletally mature anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction population, patients aged <25 years are at significantly increased risk of graft failure and injury to the contralateral ACL. Skeletal immaturity often affects graft selection and reconstruction technique. Purpose: To examine the incidence of ipsilateral graft failure and contralateral ACL injury in the skeletally immature patient population. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we reviewed all literature that involved ACL reconstruction performed on skeletally immature patients between May 1976 and May 2019. Patient demographics, surgical technique, and the prevalence of ipsilateral graft failure or subsequent contralateral ACL injury were recorded. Ipsilateral, contralateral, and secondary ACL injuries were then compared between sexes via chi-square tests. Results: A total of 24 articles (1254 children; 1258 knees) met inclusion criteria for analysis. Ipsilateral graft failures occurred in 105 of 1258 patients (8.3%), and there were no statistically significant sex differences in the prevalence of graft failures (female, 9.7%; male patients, 7.1%; P = .14). The prevalence of contralateral ACL injury was significantly greater in female (29/129; 22.5%) than male (18/206; 8.7%; P = .0004) patients in the 9 studies that reported contralateral injury. Skeletally immature female patients were at significantly increased risk of contralateral ACL injury (odds ratio = 3.0; P = .0006) when compared with their male counterparts. Conclusion: In the literature to date, 1 in 3 female skeletally immature patients experienced an ipsilateral graft failure or contralateral ACL injury. Regardless of sex, the 24% prevalence of secondary injury after pediatric ACL reconstruction is almost identical to previously published secondary injury rates in skeletally mature patients <25 years old. As such, skeletal maturity alone does not seem to be a determinant of secondary injury; however, there is a clear need to improve postoperative rehabilitation, activity progression, and return-to-play testing to allow a safe return to sports that protects the long-term health of the reconstructed and contralateral limbs, especially for female patients.
Community assembly of bacteria and archaea in coastal waters governed by contrasting mechanisms: A seasonal perspective

Marine planktonic bacteria and archaea commonly exhibit pronounced seasonal succession in community composition. But the existence of seasonality in their assembly processes and between‐domain differences in underlying mechanism are largely unassessed. Using a high‐coverage sampling strategy (including single sample for each station during four cruises in different seasons), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and null models, we investigated seasonal patterns in the processes governing spatial turnover of bacteria and archaea in surface coastal waters across a sampling grid over ~300 km in the East China Sea. We found that archaea only bloomed in prokaryotic communities during autumn and winter cruises. Seasonality mostly overwhelmed spatial variability in the compositions of both domains. Bacterial and archaeal communities were dominantly governed by deterministic and stochastic assembly processes, respectively, in autumn cruise, probably due to the differences in niche breadths (bacteria < archaea) and relative abundance (bacteria > archaea). Stochasticity dominated assembly mechanisms of both domains but was driven by distinct processes in winter cruise. Determinism‐dominated assembly mechanisms of bacteria rebounded in spring and summer cruises, reflecting seasonal variability in bacterial community assembly. This could be attributed to seasonal changes in bacterial niche breadths and habitat heterogeneity across the study area. There were seasonal changes in environmental factors mediating the determinism‐stochasticity balance of bacterial community assembly, holding a probability of the existence of unmeasured mediators. Our results suggest contrasting assembly mechanisms of bacteria and archaea in terms of determinism‐vs.‐stochasticity pattern and its seasonality, highlighting the importance of seasonal perspective on microbial community assembly in marine ecosystems.
Digestibilidad in vitro de dietas para becerros en crecimiento adicionadas con inóculo de levaduras y bagazo de manzana fermentado

Se empleo la tecnica de digestibilidad in vitro para evaluar el efecto de la adicion de un inoculo de levadura y de bagazo de manzana fermentado en dietas de becerros en crecimiento. Los tratamientos consistieron en: T0 (testigo): heno de avena (HA), ensilaje de maiz (SM) y concentrado; T1 (BMZN): HA, SM y concentrado con 12 % de bagazo de manzana fermentado (BMZN); T2 (IL): HA, SM y concentrado con 2 % de inoculo de levaduras (IL). Se realizo un analisis de varianza en un diseno completamente al azar, tomando muestras por triplicado de cada tratamiento, para medir digestibilidad in vitro de materia seca (MS), de fibra detergente neutro (FDN), de fibra detergente acido (FDA) y contenido de lignina detergente acido (LDA) durante 48 h. Asi mismo, para evaluar la produccion de gas (PG) in vitro , se midieron acido acetico, acido propio-nico, acido butirico, ademas, nitrogeno amoniacal (N-NH3), acido lactico y pH a las 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 y 96 h. El T1 y T2 mostraron diferencia significativa (p<0.05) en la digestibilidad de MS, FDN, FDA y LDA. El T2 fue superior (p<0.05) al T1 y T0 en la PG a las 24, 48, 72 y 96 h. La mayor produccion (p<0.05) de AGV lo presentaron el T1 y T2. Estos ultimos, mostraron un incremento (p<0.05) en la concentracion de N-NH3 y una disminucion (p<0.05) de Ac. Lactico, siendo el T2 superior (p<0.05) en el pH. La adicion de un IL y de BMZN en la alimentacion de becerros en crecimiento es una alternativa ya que mejoran las caracteristicas nutricionales y fermentativas de la dieta.
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION AS A POSSIBLE CAUSE OF OGILVIE'S SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Ogilvie's syndrome is an uncommon condition with a heterogeneous etiology. The mechanism is poorly understood and likely multifactorial. An imbalance between the parasympathetic and the sympathetic innervations of the intestine as well as an abnormal response against gut commensal bacteria are thought to be the main causes. We present the case of an apparently immunocompetent female patient with an Ogilvie's syndrome associated with cytomegalovirus infection.
Inheritance, Defaults and the Lexicon

Contributors 1. Introduction Ted Briscoe 2. Skeptical and credulous default unification with applications to templates and inheritance Bob Carpenter 3. Prioritised multiple inheritance in DATR Roger Evans, Gerald Gazdar and Lionel Moser 4. Some reflections on the conversion of the TIC lexicon into DATR Lynne J. Cahill 5. Norms or inference tickets? a frontal collision between intuitions Michael Morreau 6. Issues in the design of a language for representing linguistic information based on inheritance and feature structures Remi Zajac 7. Feature-based inheritance networks for computational lexicons Hans-Ulrich Krieger and John Nerbonne 8. A practical approach to multiple default inheritance for unification-based lexicons Graham Russell, Afzal Ballim, John Carroll and Susan Warwick-Armstrong 9. The ACQUILEX LKB: an introduction Ann Copestake, Antonio Sanfilippo, Ted Briscoe and Valeria de Paiva 10. Types and constraints in the LKB Valeria de Paiva 11. LKB encoding of lexical knowledge Antonio Sanfilippo 12. Defaults in lexical representation Ann Copestake 13. Untangling definition structure into knowledge representation Piek Vossen and Ann Copestake Appendices References Indexes.
Targeting Smad-Mediated TGFß Pathway in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Revascularization surgeries such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are sometimes necessary to manage coronary heart disease (CHD). However, more than half of these surgeries fail within 10 years due to the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH) among others. The cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGFß) and its signaling components have been found to be upregulated in diseased or injured vessels, and to promote IH after grafting. Interventions that globally inhibit TGFß in CABG have yielded contrasting outcomes in in vitro and in vivo studies including clinical trials. With advances in molecular biology, it becomes clear that TGFß exhibits both protective and damaging roles, and only specific components such as some Smad-dependent TGFß signaling mediate vascular IH. The activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-mediated Smad-dependent TGFß signaling pathways have been found to be activated in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) following injury and in hyperplastic preimplantation vein grafts. It appears that focused targeting of TGFß pathway constitutes a promising therapeutic target to improve the outcome of CABG. This study dissects the role of TGFß pathway in CABG failure, with particular emphasis on the therapeutic potentials of specific targeting of Smad-dependent and ALK-mediated signaling.
Light environment and phytochrome-controlled germination in Piper auritum

1. The heterogeneity of the light environment (in time and space) in a tropical rain forest understorey and its effect on germination response of the heliophile tree Piper auritum was studied in the field and the laboratory. 2. In the laboratory we found responses to a range of R: FR (red: far-red) ratios and to the length of exposure to them. Blue light promoted a small effect on germination. Piper auritum germinated even at very low levels of red light (0.005 μmol m −2 s −1 ). 3. In the rain forest R: FR ratios were typically low (0.25-0.41), with sporadic high values. In field conditions, seed germination was controlled by the R: FR ratio during periods of diffuse illumination. Sunflecks had no effect on germination
Measuring the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; a 20-year perspective on the use of the pregnancy-unique quantification of emesis (PUQE)

Abstract Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is the most common medical condition in pregnancy, affecting up to 80% of expectant women. Measuring the severity of the condition over time is important for management decisions, as well as for research into different therapeutic modalities. Twenty years ago we described and validated the Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis scale (PUQE), as a clinical and research tool. PUQE has become widely used for both ends, and has been incorporated in numerous practice guidelines worldwide. In this review we describe the inception of the tool, its rational, and its wide range of use worldwide.
Spatiotemporal transformations for gaze control

Sensorimotor transformations require spatiotemporal coordination of signals, that is, through both time and space. For example, the gaze control system employs signals that are time‐locked to various sensorimotor events, but the spatial content of these signals is difficult to assess during ordinary gaze shifts. In this review, we describe the various models and methods that have been devised to test this question, and their limitations. We then describe a new method that can (a) simultaneously test between all of these models during natural, head‐unrestrained conditions, and (b) track the evolving spatial continuum from target (T) to future gaze coding (G, including errors) through time. We then summarize some applications of this technique, comparing spatiotemporal coding in the primate frontal eye field (FEF) and superior colliculus (SC). The results confirm that these areas preferentially encode eye‐centered, effector‐independent parameters, and show—for the first time in ordinary gaze shifts—a spatial transformation between visual and motor responses from T to G coding. We introduce a new set of spatial models (T‐G continuum) that revealed task‐dependent timing of this transformation: progressive during a memory delay between vision and action, and almost immediate without such a delay. We synthesize the results from our studies and supplement it with previous knowledge of anatomy and physiology to propose a conceptual model where cumulative transformation noise is realized as inaccuracies in gaze behavior. We conclude that the spatiotemporal transformation for gaze is both local (observed within and across neurons in a given area) and distributed (with common signals shared across remote but interconnected structures).
Is the Political Slant of Psychology Research Related to Scientific Replicability?

Social science researchers are predominantly liberal, and critics have argued this representation may reduce the robustness of research by embedding liberal values into the research process. In an adversarial collaboration, we examined whether the political slant of research findings in psychology is associated with lower rates of scientific replicability. We analyzed 194 original psychology articles reporting studies that had been subject to a later replication attempt (N = 1,331,413 participants across replications) by having psychology doctoral students (Study 1) and an online sample of U.S. residents (Study 2) from across the political spectrum code the political slant (liberal vs. conservative) of the original research abstracts. The methods and analyses were preregistered. In both studies, the liberal or conservative slant of the original research was not associated with whether the results were successfully replicated. The results remained consistent regardless of the ideology of the coder. Political slant was unrelated to both subsequent citation patterns and the original study’s effect size and not consistently related to the original study’s sample size. However, we found modest evidence that research with greater political slant—whether liberal or conservative—was less replicable, whereas statistical robustness consistently predicted replication success. We discuss the implications for social science, politics, and replicability.