Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VISIÓN HACIA LA CULTURA DE EXPORTACIONES DE LOS EMPRESARIOS DE LAS PYMES DEL ESTADO DE HIDALGO Y SU IMPACTO EN EL DESARROLLO REGIONAL

This is a descriptive study which purpose is to distinguish how entrepreneurs and Mexican managers who have given rise to small and medium-sized enterprises of the State of Hidalgo, display the export process as well as their attitude and openness to train in the field of foreign trade, as an opportunity to make grow their businesses and cover new and larger markets, unifying their personal goals, his
Some determinants of debt service sustainability in low-income aid-dependent countries

This paper has been partially funded by the Norwegian Trust Fund. The World Bank does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of this publication. Any judgments expressed are those of World Bank staff or consultants and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Management or the Board of Executive Directors or the governments they represent. 44269 P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed
Strategy and Management in Asia Pacific

Entrepreneurship introduction foundations the entrepreneur opportunity entrepreneurial opportunity search and evaluation organizing for start-up opportunity structuring and presentation selling your ideas business plan guidelines management buyouts/buy-ins buying a company resources entrepreneurial resources financial resources search process world of venture capital world of business angels creating and capturing the value valuation and realization practical guidelines to valuation IPO markets and trends entrepreneurial management and growth financing growth (MIFRPG) managing rapid growth crisis management preserving and instilling entrepreneurship.
Face Search : A System Realizing Implementing with Face-like Objects

There are a lot of face-like objects and materials. If those faces move, speak, and interact with us, it will be very amusing for many people, especially children. We therefore propose a system which enables people to interact with those faces for entertainment. Users take a picture of a face-like object with a doll-shaped device. Then, a photograph appears in the face area of the doll. When users touch the face of the doll or shake a body of the doll, the facial expression and the voice of the doll changes. We encourage people to interact with face-shaped objects for entertainment. We expect this system to be implemented in mobile gadgets such as mobile phones, and expect people, especially children, to use the gadget and play with faces in their environment.
The Housing Satisfaction of Large Urban Families

Prior research has overlooked the significance of family size and its relationship to housing satisfaction. While some analysis of the problem has been done by Rossi (1955), Connors (1963), Weller and Luchterhand (1973) and others, the data have been integrated into larger, more inclusive studies with little recognition given to the primary variable of family size. This study seeks to ascertain the importance of family size as a variable in housing behavior, and finds that family size is important, and as family size increases, housing satisfaction decreases.
Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Pancreatic Cancer: The KPC Model (LSL‐KrasG12D/+;LSL‐Trp53R172H/+;Pdx‐1‐Cre), Its Variants, and Their Application in Immuno‐oncology Drug Discovery

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ranks fourth among cancer‐related deaths in the United States. For patients with unresectable disease, treatment options are limited and lack curative potential. Preclinical mouse models of PDAC that recapitulate the biology of human pancreatic cancer offer an opportunity for the rational development of novel treatment approaches that may improve patient outcomes. With the recent success of immunotherapy for subsets of patients with solid malignancies, interest is mounting in the possible use of immunotherapy for the treatment of PDAC. Considered in this unit is the value of genetic mouse models for characterizing the immunobiology of PDAC and for investigating novel immunotherapeutics. Several variants of these models are described, all of which may be used in drug development and for providing information on unique aspects of disease biology and therapeutic responsiveness. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
What is Ventricular Tachycardia for an Automated External Defibrillator

Aim: Assessment and comparison of different algorithms that Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) use to recognize as shockable monomorphic and polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (VT). Method: Engineering bench tests for a descriptive systematic evaluation in commercially available AEDs. AEDs were tested through an ECG simulator that is capable to generate different kind of monomorphic and polymorphic VT. All tests were performed at the engineering facility of the Lombardia Regional Emergency Service (AREU). Results: The tests showed marked differences among the AEDs when a Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia was simulated. The AED recognized the Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (MVT) as shockable rhythm above a value ranging from 140 to 230 BPM. For Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (PVT) not all AEDs delivered a shock when pre determined types of VT were selected.
Decoupling of size and shape fluctuations in heteropolymeric sequences reconciles discrepancies in SAXS vs. FRET measurements

Significance Conformational properties of unfolded and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) under native conditions are important for understanding the details of protein folding and the functions of IDPs. The average dimensions of these systems are quantified using the mean radius of gyration and mean end-to-end distance, measured by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET), respectively, although systematic discrepancies emerge from these measurements. Through holistic sets of studies, we find that the disagreements arise from chemical heterogeneity that is inherent to heteropolymeric systems. This engenders a decoupling between different measures of overall sizes and shapes, thus leading to discrepant inferences based on SAXS vs. smFRET. Our findings point the way forward to obtaining comprehensive descriptions of ensembles of heterogeneous systems. Unfolded states of proteins and native states of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) populate heterogeneous conformational ensembles in solution. The average sizes of these heterogeneous systems, quantified by the radius of gyration (RG), can be measured by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Another parameter, the mean dye-to-dye distance (RE) for proteins with fluorescently labeled termini, can be estimated using single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET). A number of studies have reported inconsistencies in inferences drawn from the two sets of measurements for the dimensions of unfolded proteins and IDPs in the absence of chemical denaturants. These differences are typically attributed to the influence of fluorescent labels used in smFRET and to the impact of high concentrations and averaging features of SAXS. By measuring the dimensions of a collection of labeled and unlabeled polypeptides using smFRET and SAXS, we directly assessed the contributions of dyes to the experimental values RG and RE. For chemically denatured proteins we obtain mutual consistency in our inferences based on RG and RE, whereas for IDPs under native conditions, we find substantial deviations. Using computations, we show that discrepant inferences are neither due to methodological shortcomings of specific measurements nor due to artifacts of dyes. Instead, our analysis suggests that chemical heterogeneity in heteropolymeric systems leads to a decoupling between RE and RG that is amplified in the absence of denaturants. Therefore, joint assessments of RG and RE combined with measurements of polymer shapes should provide a consistent and complete picture of the underlying ensembles.
Endothelins modulate inflammatory reaction in zymosan‐induced arthritis: participation of LTB4, TNF‐α, and CXCL‐1

Endothelins (ETs) are involved in inflammatory events, including pain, fever, edema, and cell migration. ET‐1 levels are increased in plasma and synovial membrane of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but the evidence that ETs participate in RA physiopathology is limited. The present study investigated the involvement of ETs in neutrophil accumulation and edema formation in the murine model of zymosan‐induced arthritis. Intra‐articular (i.a.) administration of selective ETA or ETB receptor antagonists (BQ‐123 and BQ‐788, respectively; 15 pmol/cavity) prior to i.a. zymosan injection (500 μg/cavity) markedly reduced knee‐joint edema formation and neutrophil influx to the synovial cavity 6 h and 24 h after stimulation. Histological analysis showed that ETA or ETB receptor blockade suppressed zymosan‐induced neutrophil accumulation in articular tissue at 6 h. Likewise, dual blockade of ETA/ETB with bosentan (10 mg/kg, i.v.) also reduced edema formation and neutrophil counts 6 h after zymosan stimulation. Pretreatment with BQ‐123 or BQ‐788 (i.a.; 15 pmol/cavity) also decreased zymosan‐induced TNF‐α production within 6 h, keratinocyte‐derived chemokine/CXCL1 production within 24 h, and leukotriene B4 at both time‐points. Consistent with the demonstration that ET receptor antagonists inhibit zymosan‐induced inflammation, i.a. injection of ET‐1 (1–30 pmol/cavity) or sarafotoxin S6c (0.1–30 pmol/cavity) also triggered edema formation and neutrophil accumulation within 6 h. Moreover, knee‐joint synovial tissue expressed ETA and ETB receptors. These findings suggest that endogenous ETs contribute to knee‐joint inflammation, acting through ETA and ETB receptors and modulating edema formation, neutrophil recruitment, and production of inflammatory mediators.
Emission reduction and financial analysis of intensive swine farm using biogas digester to treat manure and developed as a CDM projects.

This paper,taking a swine farm in Akesu,Xinjiang as a case,using methodology for small scale CDM projec(tASM III.D-version 14)approved by Executive Board(EB)of Clean Development Mechanism(CDM)under United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change,and the parameters applied for calculating CO2 emission factor of electricity consumption,provided by National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC),analyzed greenhouse gas emission reduction by improving swine manure management and utilizing a biogas power generation system to supply electricity and displace electricity from a grid-based conventional energy source. The baseline scenario of the project was using open lagoon to treat swine manure. The project constructed biogas digester,instead of open lagoon,to treat the swine manure and installed power generation system to produce electricity using biogas. Emission reduction equals total emissions under baseline scenario minus total emissions under project conditions. The emission reduction was estimated to be 49 193 t CO2 equivalent a year. The improvement of manure management system contributed 89% of the total emission reduction. Energy displacement contributed 11%. The revenue from sale of carbon credit would be 5.02 million Yuan a year. The payback period of investment would be 11.5 years if no revenue from carbon credit included. The payback period of investment would be 5 years if the revenue from carbon credit included. Therefore,to develop CDM project in intensive swine farms with the construction of biogas digester at intensive swine farms to treat swine manure and installation of power generation system,can provide positive incentives to livestock farmers and improve the environment nearby.
Lesser Toe Deformities

Abstract Lesser toe deformities are caused by alterations in normal anatomy that create an imbalance between the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. Causes include improper shoe wear, trauma, genetics, inflammatory arthritis, and neuromuscular and metabolic diseases. Typical deformities include mallet toe, hammer toe, claw toe, curly toe, and crossover toe. Abnormalities associated with the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints include hallux valgus of the first MTP joint and instability of the lesser MTP joints, especially the second toe. Midfoot and hindfoot deformities (eg, cavus foot, varus hindfoot, valgus hindfoot with forefoot pronation) may be present, as well. Nonsurgical management focuses on relieving pressure and correcting deformity with various appliances. Surgical management is reserved for patients who fail nonsurgical treatment. Options include soft‐tissue correction (eg, tendon transfer) as well as bony procedures (eg, joint resection, fusion, metatarsal shortening), or a combination of techniques.
Comments on supersymmetric solutions of minimal gauged supergravity in five dimensions

We investigate supersymmetric solutions of minimal gauged supergravity in five dimensions, in the timelike class. We propose an ansatz based on a four-dimensional local orthotoric Kähler metric and reduce the problem to a single sixth-order equation for two functions, each of one variable. We find an analytic, asymptotically locally AdS solution comprising five parameters. For a conformally flat boundary, this reduces to a previously known solution with three parameters, representing the most general solution of this type known in the minimal theory. We discuss the possible relevance of certain topological solitons contained in the latter to account for the supersymmetric Casimir energy of dual superconformal field theories on S 3 × R . Although we obtain a negative response, our analysis clarifies several aspects of these solutions. In particular, we show that there exists a unique regular topological soliton in this family.
Assessment of the In vivo Antitumor Effects of ENMD-2076, a Novel Multitargeted Kinase Inhibitor, against Primary and Cell Line–Derived Human Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Models

Purpose: This in vivo study was designed to investigate the efficacy of ENMD-2076, a small-molecule kinase inhibitor with activity against the Aurora kinases A and B, and several other tyrosine kinases linked to cancer, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, cKit, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, against murine xenograft models of human colorectal cancer (CRC). Experimental Design: HT-29 CRC cell line xenografts were treated with either vehicle or ENMD-2076 (100 or 200 mg/kg) orally daily for 28 days. Tumor growth inhibition, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and 18FDG-positron emission tomography were conducted to assess the antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and antimetabolic responses, respectively. Effects on proliferation were also analyzed by immunohistochemical methods. Additionally, three patient-derived xenografts from primary and metastatic sites were treated with ENMD-2076 (100 mg/kg) and assessed for tumor growth inhibition. Results: In the HT-29 xenograft model, ENMD-2076 induced initial tumor growth inhibition followed by regression. Treatment was associated with significant tumor blanching, indicating a loss of vascularity and substantial reductions in tumor vascular permeability and perfusion as measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Positron emission tomography scanning showed significant decreases in 18FDG uptake at days 3 and 21 of treatment, which was associated with a marked reduction in proliferation as assessed by Ki-67. All three of the patient-derived xenografts tested were sensitive to treatment with ENMD 2076 as measured by tumor growth inhibition. Conclusions: ENMD-2076 showed robust antitumor activity against cell line and patient-derived xenograft models of CRC that is detectable by functional imaging, supporting clinical investigation of this agent in CRC. Clin Cancer Res; 16(11); 2989–98. ©2010 AACR.
Visual approach to supervised variable selection by self-organizing map

Practical data analysis often encounters data sets with both relevant and useless variables. Supervised variable selection is the task of selecting the relevant variables based on some predefined criterion. We propose a robust method for this task. The user manually selects a set of target variables and trains a Self-Organizing Map with these data. This sets a criterion to variable selection and is an illustrative description of the user's problem, even for multivariate target data. The user also defines another set of variables that are potentially related to the problem. Our method returns a subset of these variables, which best corresponds to the description provided by the Self-Organizing Map and, thus, agrees with the user's understanding about the problem. The method is conceptually simple and, based on experiments, allows an accessible approach to supervised variable selection.
L‐type calcium channels mediate acetylcholine receptor aggregation on cultured muscle

Agrin activation of muscle specific kinase (MuSK) initiates postsynaptic development on skeletal muscle that includes the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs; Glass et al. [ 1996 ]: Cell 85: 513–523; Gautam et al. [ 1996 ]: Cell 85: 525–535). Although the agrin/MuSK signaling pathway remains largely unknown, changes in intracellular calcium levels are required for agrin‐induced AChR aggregation (Megeath and Fallon [ 1998 ]: J Neurosci 18: 672–678). Here, we show that L‐type calcium channels (L‐CaChs) are required for full agrin‐induced aggregation of AChRs and sufficient to induce agrin‐independent AChR aggregation. Blockade of L‐CaChs in muscle cultures inhibited agrin‐induced AChR aggregation but not tyrosine phosphorylation of MuSK or AChR β subunits. Activation of L‐CaChs in the absence of agrin induced AChR aggregation but not tyrosine phosphorylation of MuSK or AChR β subunits. Agrin responsiveness was significantly reduced in primary muscle cultures from the muscular dysgenesis mouse, a natural mutant, which does not express the L‐CaCh. Our results establish a novel role for L‐CaChs as important sources of the intracellular calcium necessary for the aggregation of AChRs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Evidence for the existence of a functional cardiac renin-angiotensin system in humans.

BACKGROUND The presence of mRNA for the essential components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been found in animal and human hearts. The present study was designed to provide evidence for the existence of a (functional) cardiac RAS. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four patients with atypical chest pain undergoing coronary angiography for diagnostic purposes were investigated. The cardiac production rate of angiotensins was estimated by measurement of the cardiac extraction of 125I-angiotensin I and 125I-angiotensin II associated with the determination of endogenous angiotensins in aortic and coronary sinus blood in normal, low, or high sodium diets. In a normal sodium diet, angiotensin I and II aorta-coronary sinus gradients were tendentially negative (-1.8 +/- 2.5 and -0.9 +/- 1.7 pg/mL, respectively), and the amounts of angiotensin I and II added by cardiac tissues were 6.5 +/- 3.1 and 2.7 +/- 1.3 pg/mL, respectively. The low sodium diet caused a significant increase in both plasma renin activity (PRA) and angiotensin I concentration in aortic but not in coronary sinus blood, resulting in a more negative aorta-coronary sinus gradient (-9.7 +/- 3.1 pg/mL, P < .01). Angiotensin formation by PRA in blood during transcardiac passage increased (P < .001), whereas angiotensin I formed by cardiac tissues decreased dramatically. Accordingly, in the low sodium diet, 125I-angiotensin II extraction did not change, the cardiac fractional conversion rate of 125I-angiotensin I to 125I-angiotensin II notably decreased (P < .01), and angiotensin II formation by cardiac tissues was undetectable. The high sodium diet caused a decrease in PRA and no changes in cardiac extraction of radiolabeled angiotensins; conversely, angiotensin I formed by cardiac tissues, cardiac Ang I fractional conversion rate, and angiotensin II formed during transcardiac passage significantly (P < .01 for all) increased. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for the existence of a functional cardiac RAS independent of but related to the circulating RAS.
The financial burden of national road infrastructure and the equity thereof: A South African perspective

Economic activities in South Africa during the past decade have caused, inter alia, road traffic congestion to accelerate annually and road infrastructure to deteriorate rapidly. Motor vehicle sales, correlated with economic trends and the economic empowerment of citizens, have and still are increasing at a faster rate than the supply of necessary infrastructure. As such, congestion, especially in the Gauteng area, has reached unacceptable levels during peak hours, necessitating the upgrading and continual maintenance of these roads and other national roads. The financial burden of upgrading and maintaining road infrastructure is enormous and, although the South African government makes contributions, an income from the road infrastructure is necessary to sustain quality infrastructure. However, a road-user paying approach, especially the structure thereof, should be acceptable to society in terms of economic efficiency and various means of equity. This article reviews the relevance of a road-user paying approach as applied in South Africa.
The Right Strategy? Examining the Business Partner Model's Functionality for Resolving Human Resource Management Tensions and Discussing Alternative Directions

A large number of organizations restructured their Human Resource Management (HRM) departments according to their interpretation of Ulrich's (1997) business partner model into strategic business partners, centers of expertise and shared service centers. I argue that this approach could gain widespread acceptance in organizational practice because of its functionality in addressing tensions inherent in HRM. I relate to paradox research and categorize contradictory HRM demands into tensions of (1) identity, (2) learning, (3) performing and (4) organizing. The implementation of the business partner model resolves these tensions in the short-term by addressing the opposing forces separately. Yet, these resolution strategies are not sustainable and threaten the long-term impact of HRM. I discuss the shortcomings of the business partner model and explore how organizational actors can reframe HRM work to embrace the multifaceted nature of HRM.
Annealing-temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of LPCVD silicon-dioxide layers

The authors point out that the reliability and performance of electronic circuits are influenced by heat conduction in low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposited (LPCVD) silicon dioxide layers. Here, the effective thermal conductivity k/sub eff/ for conduction normal to films of LPCVD silicon dioxide layers as a function of annealing temperature, as well as for films of thermal and SIMOX oxides, is measured. The LPCVD oxide thermal conductivity increases by 23% due to annealing at 1150 degrees C. The conductivities k/sub eff/ of LPCVD layers of thicknesses between 0.03 and 0.7 mu m are higher than those reported previously for CVD layers, and vary between 50% and 90% of the conductivities of bulk fused silicon dioxide. The values of SIMOX and thermal oxide layers are within the experimental error of the values for bulk fused silicon dioxide. <<ETX>>