Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging and Reading Comprehension

In this position paper, we advocate that advancements made in other disciplinary areas such as neurolinguistics should be included into contemporary reading comprehension courses and programs. We present findings from neurobiology of reading that suggest explanation of certain reading behaviors: (1) the differences between reading disability and typically developing readers; (2) an inverted U-shaped function that reflects the fact that learning to read is associated with increased activation (the rising part of the inverted U) and activation decreases are associated with familiarity, experience, and expertise (the falling part of the inverted U); (3) and, the identification of reading networks. As potential pedagogical implications of neuroimaging studies to reading, a list of sentence structures is proposed as an example to further relate reading comprehension to cognitive capacity limits.
A rapid method for evaluation of partial potato resistance to late blight and of aggressiveness of Phytophthora infestans isolates originating from different regions

The procedure of evaluation is based on mathematical simulation model of the late blight (LB) development in combination with laboratory testing of detached leaflets artificially inoculated with Phytophthora infestans. An incubation period, amount and sizes of lesions and sporulation capacity are estimated. Each couple tested Phytophthora isolate and tested potato cultivar is compared with a standard couple Phytophthora isolate N161 and standard cultivar. A simulator on the base of these data calculates area under the curve for LB development and yield loss due to LB for a situation when a yield loss of a standard cultivar infected with a standard isolate is equal 35%. Comparison of a new rapid laboratory method and field methods showed satisfactory correlation. Resistance to late blight was evaluated for 47 potato cultivars with the new method. It was also shown that some variations in foliar aggressiveness existed among P. infestans populations from different regions. Supported by ISTC grant #1640.
Uji Drug Loading Ibuprofen Pada Material UiO-66 (Zr-Metal Organic Framework)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai loading ibuprofen pada material UiO-66 (Zr- Metal Organic Framework ). Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan variasi lama perendaman 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 dan 72 jam, sehingga didapatkan nilai drug loading yang optimal. Nilai drug loading ibuprofen diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-VIS. Adapun penyimpanan ibuprofen dalam UiO-66 dikonfirmasi dengan XRD, FTIR, dan SEM-EDX. Hasil analisa gugus fungsi sampel dengan Fourier-Transform Infra Red (FTIR) dari Zr-MOF menunjukkan bahwa puncak khas dari UiO-66 juga muncul pada 663, 748 dan 547 cm -1 yang menunjukkan adanya interaksi Zirkonium (Zr) dengan ligan H 2 BDC, setelah UiO-66 digunakan untuk loading Ibuprofen tidak mengubah posisi dari puncak-puncak UiO-66. Namun, terjadi penurunan intensitas dan hilangnya puncak disekitar 1300 cm -1 yang dikarenakan interaksi antara UiO-66 dengan ibuprofen. Pola difraktogram UiO-66 sebelum dan sesudah loading ibuprofen yang menunjukkan bahwa UiO-66 yang terbentuk memiliki puncak karakteristik UiO-66 pada 7,3 o . Mikrograf UiO-66 sebelum dan setelah loading ibuprofen memiliki morfologi kubus. Namun, setelah loading ibuprofen terdapat bagian seperti karang putih, ukuran yang terlihat lebih besar, serta pengurangan ruang kosong permukaan material. Uji Drug Loading Ibuprofen pada UiO-66 menunjukkan loading optimum ibuprofen dalam Zr-MOF mencapai 82,79% pada waktu pengadukan 72 jam.
The role of phosphorylation of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein revealed by a combination of biochemistry and reverse genetics

Hepatitis C virus causes a chronic infection that affects 2-3 % of the world population and is a significant causative agent of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It has a positive-sense, single-stranded genome that encodes for a single polyprotein that is cleaved by both host and viral proteases into 10 mature viral proteins. The non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein is a pleiotropic protein with essential functions in the replication and production of virus, as well as in perturbing host pathways in favour of virus persistence. NS5A is extensively phosphorylated, forming two distinct species termed the basally and hyperphosphorylated; however the location and function of phosphorylation remains poorly defined. To address this, a significant quantity of NS5A was purified from an actively replicating context and subjected to extensive phospho-mapping by mass spectrometry. Through this approach 12 phosphorylation sites were identified. Subsequent phenotyping of phosphorylation sites by reverse genetics generated evidence for a sequential phosphorylation cascade within the low complexity region I, and that this was responsible for the formation of the hyperphosphorylated species. Further analysis identified the phosphorylation of the distant serine 146 as negatively regulating formation of the hyperphosphorylated species. To investigate phosphorylation events in greater detail the SNAP-tag technology (NEB) was applied to NS5A. The insertion of the SNAP-tag into domain III of NS5A was shown to be well tolerated with respect to virus replication and function of the SNAP-tag. In parallel this study also set out to establish whether domain II of NS5A had a hitherto unknown function in the production of infectious virus, however no such effects were observed. In combination with existing data it is clear that no residue within NS5A domain II is essential for the production of infectious virus. Furthermore, this work highlights significant differences in the requirement for domain II in virus replication between different HCV genotypes, despite high conservation within this region.
Economia informale: cause e conseguenze sull’economia ufficiale

Il presente lavoro propone una sintesi del dibattito sull’economia informale, analizzandone le criticita, i principali fattori di sviluppo, gli effetti sul settore ufficiale dell’economia e le implicazioni sullo sviluppo economico. In particolare, offre spunti di riflessione su quelle che sono le cause e le conseguenze della crescita del settore informale, al fine di trarre qualche utile indicazione di policy. This paper gives an outline of the state of the art on the informal sector, by analyzing the peculiarities of the phenomenon, its main causes, its consequences on the official GDP and on economic development. We offer some insights on the causes and consequences of the growth of the informal sector with the aim of providing some policy implications.
Peranan Kepemimpinan Perempuan dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure dan Scoring Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

This study aimed to investigate the role of women in the leadership of the board of directors does play a role moderating influence strengthens or weakens the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility and Good Corporate Governance Scoring Against Corporate Values. Our study provides new insights into the effect of disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility and Good Corporate Governance Scoring Against Corporate Values. Women's leadership within the board of directors is a form of board diversity of companies. Diversity is one of the board members have a firm sign of good governance as it reflects the absence of discrimination within the company means that anyone can be a board of directors of the company so as to encourage men and women to compete enhance the reputation and value of the company. The study consisted of 18 sample companies sub-sector bank by using purposive sampling during the period from 2015 to 2018 while the analytical methods we use are Moderate Regression Analysis. The results of our study indicate that partial disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility has no influence on the value of the company, while Scoring GCG has a significant negative effect on the value of the Company. Besides the leadership of women in the board of directors acts as a pure moderation to strengthen the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure on corporate value and strengthen the influence of Good Corporate Governance Scoring against the value of the Company. Our findings have important implications for the company.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in white truffle (Tuber magnatum)

Tuber spp. are fungi that establish symbiosis with several trees and shrubs. Some of these fungal species produce edible ascomata, also known as truffles, which are highly appreciated for their taste and odour. We isolated and characterized eight polymorphic microsatellite loci from Tuber magnatum, the finest white truffle species, and assessed their variability in 370 individuals collected from all over the species range of distribution. Although two to 18 alleles per locus were found, no heterozygous individuals were observed. The availability of simple sequence repeat loci provides valuable tools for assessment of the genetic structure and population dynamics in this species.
Analysis of the Gaseous Emissions and the Residues Generated under Oxy-fuel Combustion of Biomasses in a Drop Tube Furnace (DTF)

Some environmental problems are caused by pollutants from thermoelectric plants, mainly by burning fossil fuels. Alternatives for reducing such emissions are discussed worldwide and using green fuels is a promising way. Five biomasses (pine sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, coffee and rice husks and tucumã seeds) were evaluated for application as feedstock in thermochemical processes. Particular attention is devoted to the residues and emissions (CO, CO2, SO2 and NO) produced by biomasses burning in a Drop Tube Furnace (DTF). Oxy-combustion (CO2/O2:60/40%) Original Research Article Cruz and Crnkovic; JERR, 11(2): 25-40, 2020; Article no.JERR. 55446 26 experiments were performed and emissions monitored continuously. Thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to characterize in natura biomasses and residues after oxy-fuel combustion. CO2 emissions ranged between 34 and 60 mg Nm -3 g -1 . Sugarcane bagasse showed the lowest emissions of CO2 and NO (34 and 21 mg Nm -3 g, respectively) and highest O2-consumption (≈ 32%), while tucumã seed and pine sawdust samples provided the lowest values of CO and SO2 (345 and 5 mg Nm -3 g -1 , respectively). TG/DTG curves of the residues compared to the in natura samples aided in diagnosing the performance of the oxy-combustion in a DTF. Organic matter remaining in residues (from 3 to 92%) showed clearly that efficiency of the thermal process varies with biomass-type used. Chemical composition of the residues showed different proportions of inorganic elements (Si, K and Ca) and trace elements (Na, Fe, Cu, S, P, Ma and Cl), demonstrating that individual behavior is an effect of the biomass properties diversity, influencing directly the burning process. The knowledge of some trends is important for the understanding that generalizations of processes cannot be applied when different biomasses are used in thermal processes.
Optimal Linear Control of Modular Multi-Level Converters with a Prescribed Degree of Stability

Abstract In this paper, a new control approach using an optimal linear control with prescribed degree of stability for modular multi-level converters (MMC) is presented and analyzed. The proposed controller relies on a linear quadratic regulator with integral action which brings the ability of state variable reference tracking for modular multi-level converters. Since MMC is a complex system with several state variables, a unified control system design for this system is vital. The proposed controller of this study is designed to obtain wider stability margin thanks to the implementation of prescribed degree of stability concept to minimize the quadratic performance index of the control structure. By means of this method, the poles of the closed-loop system will be shifted to the desired places in the left half side of the S-plane. The main advantages of this control strategy compared to previous methods are that it will be possible to control the state of energy for each phase separately, while there will be superior tolerance to nonlinearities and the enhanced stability margin with less sensitivity to plant-parameter variations. The performance of the designed controller is verified through MATLABTM simulations (The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) with the nonlinear model of MMC.
From effects-based operations to effects-based force : on causality, complex adaptive system and the the biology of war

The author addresses a recent force employment concept called effects-based operations, which first appeared during the 1991 war against Iraq. The attributes of effects-based operations can be grouped around three common, but interrelated elements such as effects focus, advanced technology, and systems thinking. However, the characteristics upon which the common elements are built, such as causality/deduction for effects focus, intangibles/control for advanced technology, and categorisation/analysis for systems thinking bear dangerous simplifications regarding the nature of war. These characterictics are in sharp contrast with war’s frictional nature as outlined by Clausewitz, who stated that effects in war cannot be traced back to single causes, as several concurrent causes are normally at work. Novelty must always be expected in war as friction dims expectations in terms of causality and the ability to achieve desired effects. The author suggests an organic approach to address the challenge posed by war. According to him the emphasis must shift towards learning and adaptation, instead of planning for desired effects. Friction indicates that often it is more important in war how we do things than what things we do, which has a clear practical limitation for the concept of effects-based operations.
Multi-stage deep drawing process of axis-symmetric extra deep drawing steel cylindrical cup

The paper investigates the design and optimization of the multi-stage deep drawing process for the axis-symmetric extra deep drawing (EDD) Steel cup. The geometrical and process parameters are focused on eliminating defects like thinning, thickening, and wrinkling. The explicit analysis is carried out by using a 3-dimensional finite element model to optimize the total number of deep drawing stages. The proposed multi-stage deep drawing process sequences are numerically simulated and the obtained strain distribution is utilized for the generation of forming limit diagram (FLD) for predicting the defects such as thinning and wrinkling. The numerically generated FLD is further validated by using analytical models such as Keeler Brazier and North American deep drawing research group (NADDRG). The obtained results point out that the proposed design process sequences can be implemented successfully without failure. Among both, the optimized design process sequence has better accuracy with less thickness variation compared to the design sequence with a bulge at the bottom.
Dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids: Preface

Preface 1. Introduction 2. Structure of proteins, nucleic acids, and their solvent surroundings 3. Dynamics of proteins, nucleic acids, and their solvent surroundings 4. Theoretical methods 5. Short time dynamics 6. Local structural transitions 7. Global structural changes 8. Dynamics of molecular associations 9. Recent developments and future directions Appendices References Index.
Microbial ecology of halo-alkaliphilic sulfur bacteria

The research of this thesis focussed on the investigation of the microbial diversity in soda lakes, giving a special attention to the micro-organisms involved in the sulphur cycle. The present PhD was part of a bigger project aiming to develop a biological process for the removal of hydrogen sulphide under halo-alkaliphilic conditions. In this new process, sulphide is mainly oxidized to elemental sulphur by sulphur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). However, a small percentage of unwanted sulphate is still produced, which is reduced back to sulphide by sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Since this process operates under halo-alkaliphilic conditions, which are naturally occurring in soda lakes, a better understanding of the sulphur microbial diversity in such environments was required. Soda lakes are extreme environments, characterized by an extremely high pH (up to 11.5) and moderately to extremely high salinities (up to 500 g/L). They are a specific type of saline lakes and are spread all over the world, generally confined to arid and semi-arid regions. We especially researched soda lakes from the Kulunda Steppe, which are located in the south-east of Siberia (Russia). These lakes are still less investigated, due to their difficulty to be reached. So-called halo-alkaliphilic organisms inhabit these lakes, which raise the interest of the bioindustry for their capability to stand such harsh conditions. In this research we focussed on the halo-alkaliphilic sulphur bacteria. Special attention was given to the genetic diversity and biogeography of a specific group of halo-alkaliphilic chemolithoautotrophic SOB, i.e. Thioalkalivibrio, and to the diversity, activity and dynamics of the SRB communities in different soda lakes of the Kulunda Steppe, also in relation to the increase of the salt concentration.
Environmental influences on annual migrations of juvenile southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii)

Understanding the movement of animals in time and space, and its implications for the abundance and distribution of populations, is a pivotal problem in ecology. Animal migration is often interpreted as a response to environmental heterogeneity, particularly in dynamic ocean environments where prey resources tend to be patchily distributed. In juvenile animals, since migration is not associated with travel to breeding sites, movement is expected to be more tightly coupled to food resources. This study is concerned with the migratory patterns of the juvenile animals of a large, predatory, widely distributed temperate marine species, the southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii, hereafter SBT). The long-distance migrations of this predator are investigated directly within the oceanographic context, with environmental influences on movement and behaviour determined through the integration, analysis and interpretation of telemetry-based and oceanographic data. In this thesis I present data and analyses for: (1) Seasonal ocean processes — remotely sensed ocean data were used to identify oceanographic features, and their cycle of development and/or productivity, that may provide important seasonal feeding habitats. (2) Plasticity in vertical behaviour — oceanographic habitats were characterised on the basis of water column structure, using temperature-at-depth data from archival tags, and vertical movements of SBT examined in response to habitat type and other factors. (3) Feeding and foraging ecology — temporal feeding patterns were determined from visceral warming patterns and used to evaluate the relationship between feeding success and time spent in an area. (4) Factors predictive of feeding success — were investigated using an integration of telemetry, environmental data and statistical modelling techniques. General discussion — the integration of biological and oceanographic data provide a significant advancement to our current knowledge on movement, habitat use and foraging ecology in migratory marine animals, and an increased appreciation for the diversity and complexity of biological phenomena. In particular, the ability to detect feeding events provided critical, and sometimes unexpected, insights into the motivations for the observed movements and behaviours, challenging some existing ecological concepts.
Rainfall-Induced Variation of Seismic Waves Velocity in Soil and Implications for Soil Response: What the ARGONET (Cephalonia, Greece) Vertical Array Data Reveal

We apply interferometry by deconvolution to compute the shear-wave velocity in shallow sediments (0–83.4 m) based on earthquake records from a vertical accelerometric array (ARGOstoli Network [ARGONET]) on Cephalonia Island, Greece. Analysis of the time variation of measured values reveals a cyclical pattern, which correlates negatively to rainfall and a soil moisture proxy. The pattern includes a sharp reduction in velocity at the beginning of rainy seasons and a gradual rise toward dry periods, the overall variation being around 20%–25% within the shallowest depth interval examined (0–5.6 m) and estimated to reach 40% within the top 2 m. The variation itself and its amplitude are verified by surface-wave dispersion analysis, using ambient vibration data. Synthetic standard spectral ratios suggest that this seasonal effect leaves an imprint on soil response, causing differences in the level of high-frequency ground motion between dry and rainy seasons, and this is verified by earthquake records. Furthermore, the near-surface velocity decrease due to soil saturation can be of the same order of magnitude as the nonlinear coseismic variation, masking the physical process of the nonlinear response of the site due to weak-to-strong-motion shaking. Thus, seasonal variations of seismic-wave velocities in shallow sediments may be important for a number of site-effect related topics, such as high-frequency ground-motion variability, soil anisotropy, kappa measurements, nonlinear site response, and so on.
Occupational Stress and Quality of Life in Mental Health Welfare Center Workers

Background: This study aimed to examine the occupational stress and quality of life of mental health welfare center workers and to identify the impact of occupational stress on compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Methods: This study included 588 employees working at 15 provincial/municipal/regional mental health welfare centers. Demographic and psychosocial factors were surveyed. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation test, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The high-risk group for occupational stress showed low compassion satisfaction, high burnout, and high secondary traumatic stress. Compassion satisfaction showed a significant negative correlation with occupational stress. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress showed a significant positive correlation with occupational stress. Occupational stress factors affecting compassion satisfaction included lack of reward ( β =−0.155, p<0.001), whereas those affecting burnout included physical environment ( β =0.028, p<0.01), job demand ( β =0.042, p<0.001), relationship conflict ( β =0.033, p<0.01), job instability ( β =0.016, p<0.01), lack of reward ( β =0.051, p<0.001), and occupational climate ( β =0.024, p<0.01). Additionally, occupational stress factors affecting secondary traumatic stress included physical environment ( β =0.063, p<0.001) and job instability ( β =0.020, p<0.05). Conclusion: Occupational stress had a significant impact on compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Therefore, active interventions against occupational stress factors are necessary to improve the quality of life of mental health welfare center workers.