Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Like 2 in the Induction of Cytochrome P450 2a5 in Vivo of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Mouse cytochrome P450 2A5 (Cyp2a5) is upregulated in various pathophysiological liver disease and induced by structurally variable hepatotoxic chemicals. A putative common feature for all of these conditions is altered cellular redox status. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that is post-translationally regulated by oxidative stress and controls the transcription of numerous protective target genes. In order to determine if upregulation of Cyp2a5 by Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was mediated through Nrf2, we applied Nrf2 knockout mice (Nrf2-/-) to examine the Cyp2a5 mRNA and protein levels compared to wild type mice. Furthermore, the interaction of Nrf2 with Cyp2a5 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) in vivo. The NAFLD increased the Nrf2 mRNA and protein levels in wild type mice and also increased the Cyp2a5 mRNA and protein levels resulted from translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus. However, the expression and activity of Cyp2a5 were no difference in the Nrf2 knockout mice. Nuclear immunohistochemical staining of Nrf2, an indicator of activation of the transcription factor, was evident in NAFLD. Co-IP experiments showed that Nrf2 binds to the Cyp2a5. Our current results unequivocally show that expression of Cyp2a5 is tightly controlled by Nrf2 in liver. Nrf2 is needed for constitutive expression of Cyp2a5, and Cyp2a5 is also sensitively upregulated by an increased level of Nrf2 protein. Therefore, Cyp2a5 upregulation could be a useful indicator for hepatic activation of the Nrf2 pathway.
Effect of Stress on Haematological Parameters of Air Breathing Loach Lepidocephalus thermalis (Cuv&Val)

It is well know that certain blood parameters serve as reliable indicators of fish health. So, in the present investigation we focus on hematological parameters as indicator for evaluation of the stress. Potential stressors that cultured fish are subjected to may be acute or chronic. So, same size and equal number of fish Lepidocephalus thermalis divided five tanks, two tank of fishes are exclusively aerial condition at 5h and 10h air exposure , another two tanks are5h and 10h submerged condition and next one is control groups. After that both 5h and 10h air exposure, also 5h and 10h submergence fishes were anaesthetized, blood samples and tissue sample were obtained from the control and experimental fish. Blood was assayed for selected hematological parameters ((RBC, WBC, Hct, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC, O2 capacity, glucose and lactic acid) tissue sample were assayed glucose, glycogen and lactic acid. From the experimental group MCV, MCH, MCHC of blood content, liver and muscle tissue glycogen were depleted and other parameters are significantly increased. The result from this study reveals high mortality rate and deleterious consequences on the health of fish subjected to acute air exposure and submergence of fish L. thermalis physical stresses failed to evoke abnormal changes in the haematology and biochemistry. These modulations may bring some useful information in future aquaculture.
Population Dynamics of Aphis glycines (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Its Natural Enemies in Soybean in Northern China

Abstract A field survey of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, and its natural enemies was conducted during summer 2002 in Langfang, northern China (116.4° E, 39.3° N). Aphids colonized soybean when plants were still small in early July. After a lag of 2 wk, aphid density increased rapidly in late July, reaching a peak of 114 ± 46 aphids per five soybean plants on 1 August. The population declined to a plateau immediately after this peak and then declined again starting in mid-August, although a second small peak occurred in late August. The finite rate of increase varied from zero- to five-fold, and the aphid seemed to be limited by natural enemies. The main species of natural enemy were the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus sp. , the aphid predators Propylaea japonica (Thunberg), Scymnus (Neopullus) babai Sasaji, and Paragus tibialis (Fallén). In a field exclosure experiment, A. glycines density in small-mesh cages peaked three-fold higher than in large-mesh cages and 12-fold higher than on uncaged plants, indicating that natural enemies did indeed limit aphid density.
Perbandingan Efisiensi Pasar Saham Konvensional Dan Pasar Saham Syari’ah Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Abstrak Dalam pasar saham yang efisien, semua informasi terkait dengan pergerakkan harganya tercermin dalam harga saat ini. Semakin tinggi tingkat efisiensi mencerminkan informasi harga saham yang semakin lengkap. Salah satu cara metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat efisiensi pasar saham adalah metode Multifractal De-trended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA). Metode MF-DFA adalah metode yang menggambarkan statistik data deret waktu non-stasioner multifractal yang terjadi pada skala waktu yang berbeda. Dalam penelitian ini menentukan tingkat efisiensi pasar saham, khususnya di Indonesia dan membandingkan pasar saham konvensional dengan pasar saham syari’ah di bursa efek Indonesia (BEI) di delapan sektor, yaitu agriculture, basic and industry chemicals, consumer and good industry, infrastructure, utilities and transportation, mining, miscellanous industry, property, real estate and building construction, trade, service, and investment. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasar saham syari’ah unggul di enam sektor, yaitu sektor agriculture (0.6357), basic and industry chemicals (0.9707), consumer and good industry (0.8524), miscellanous industry (1.5269), property, real estate and building construction (1.1275), trade, service, and investment (0.7948), sedangkan pasar saham konvensional hanya unggul di dua sektor, yaitu infrastructure, utilities and transportation (1.1645), dan mining (0.5871). Kata Kunci: Pasar Saham, Efisiensi, MF-DFA Abstract In efficient stock market, all information related to the stock prices movement are reflected in the current stock prices. Higher efficiency of stock market leads to more complete stock prices information. One of the methods used to measure the efficiency rate of a stock market is the Multifractal De-trended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) method. The MF-DFA method is a method that illustrates the data statistics of non- stationary multifractal time series occurring on a different timescale. In this study determine the level of efficiency of the stock market, especially in Indonesia and comparing the conventional stock market with the islamic stock market on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in eight sectors, namely agriculture, basic and industry chemicals, consumer and good industry, infrastructure, utilities and transportation, mining, miscellanous industry, property, real estate and building construction, trade, service, and investment. From the research results of the research showed that the islamic stock market is more efficient in six sectors, which are sector agriculture (0.6357), basic and industry chemicals (0.9707), consumer and good industry (0.8524), miscellanous industry (1.5269), property, real estate and building construction (1.1275), trade, service, and investment (0.7948), while the conventional stock market is only superior in two sectors, such as infrastructure, utilities and transportation (1.1645), and mining (0.5871). Keywords: Market Stock, Efficiency, MF-DFA
Aussparung der Fahrgasse bei der Applikation von Herbiziden

Zur Entlastung der Umwelt und Einsparung von Kosten werden bereits seit Langerem technische und pflanzenbauliche Anstrengungen unternommen, um den Einsatz von Pflanzenschutzmitteln auf das notwendige Mas zu reduzieren. Eine Fahrgassenabschaltung bei Feldspritzgeraten, bei der die Fahrgasse wahrend der Applikation von Pflanzenschutzmitteln ausgespart wird, leistet einen Beitrag dazu. Zur Untersuchung von moglichen Effekten auf die Kultur und die Unkrautentwicklung im Fahrgassenbereich wurde im Herbst 2018 ein Feldversuch mit Winterweizen angelegt. Die Pflanzenschutzmasnahmen wurden in diesem Versuch mit einer praxisublichen ganzflachigen Behandlung und einer, bei der die Fahrgasse wahrend der Applikation ausgespart wurde, durchgefuhrt. Neben Fungiziden, Insektiziden und Wachstumsregulatoren wurden auch in einigen Varianten Herbizide in der Fahrgasse ausgespart. Um mogliche Unterschiede in der Unkrautentwicklung zwischen einer praxisublichen ganzflachigen Herbizidbehandlung und einer Behandlung mit ausgesparter Fahrgasse festzustellen, wurden zwei zeitlich voneinander getrennte Unkrautbonituren in den Fahrgassen vorgenommen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass an beiden Unkrautbonituren der Unkrautbesatz in der Fahrgasse in der Variante mit ausgesparter Herbizidbehandlung hoher war als bei der praxisublichen ganzflachigen Behandlung. Die Unkrauter konnten sich jedoch aufgrund der haufigen Uberfahrten der Fahrgasse fur Pflegemasnahmen der Kultur nur schlecht entwickeln, sodass diese keinen Storfaktor bei der Ernte darstellten.
Phenotypic selection on flowering phenology and size in two dioecious plant species with different pollen vectors

psbi_320 205.212 Abstract Dioecious plants may be pollinated biotically by animals or abiotically via wind or water currents. It has been hypothesized that these two types of pollen vectors might impose contrasting selective pressures on plant flowering phenology. In the present study we describe the flowering phenology of two sympatric dioecious species with contrasting pollination modes: Mercurialis perennis (wind-pollinated) and Tamus communis (insect- pollinated). We estimated selection differentials and gradients for flowering time and flowering synchrony. As flowering time might depend on the accumulation of enough internal resources, we also estimated direct and indirect selection on plant size. Both species have male-biased sexual ratios, and males are bigger and produce larger flower displays than females, but only in T. communis do males bloom earlier and for longer than females. Selection gradients suggest that selection tends to favor early-flowering females of T. communis. There is no evidence of direct current selection on the flowering phenology of M. perennis. Intersexual differences in phenology fit with sex allocation and sexual selection theories. As we hypothesized, phenology of the animal-pollinated species is under stronger selection than that of the wind-pollinated species and we discuss the potential role of pollen vectors in shaping the flowering phenologies of the study species.
From oilseeds to industrial products: present and near future of oleochemistry.

In this paper the available technologies for the preparation of oils, fats and their derivatives using oilseeds as raw material are discussed. The current uses of 15 million tonnes per year of fatty products for industrial purposes are described, with particular reference to biodiesel, biolubricants, biosolvents and printing inks. For each product the discussion concerns the state of the art as well as outlook for the future and existing barriers to development. The problem of glycerol production in terms of economic significance and new outlets for surpluses are also discussed. The paper ends with a brief overview of the latest research trends in the field of chemical and technical utilisation of vegetable oils.
Induced superconductivity in fractional quantum Hall edge

Topological superconductors represent a phase of matter with nonlocal properties which cannot smoothly change from one phase to another, providing a robustness suitable for quantum computing. Substantial progress has been made towards a qubit based on Majorana modes, non-Abelian anyons of Ising ($Z_2$) topological order whose exchange$-$braiding$-$produces topologically protected logic operations. However, because braiding Ising anyons does not offer a universal quantum gate set, Majorana qubits are computationally limited. This drawback can be overcome by introducing parafermions, a novel generalized set of non-Abelian modes ($Z_n$), an array of which supports universal topological quantum computation. The primary route to synthesize parafermions involves inducing superconductivity in the fractional quantum Hall (fqH) edge. Here we use high-quality graphene-based van der Waals devices with narrow superconducting niobium nitride (NbN) electrodes, in which superconductivity and robust fqH coexist. We find crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) across the superconductor separating two counterpropagating fqH edges which demonstrates their superconducting pairing. Our observed CAR probability of the integer edges is insensitive to magnetic field, temperature, and filling, which provides evidence for spin-orbit coupling inherited from NbN enabling the pairing of the otherwise spin-polarized edges. FqH edges notably exhibit a CAR probability higher than that of integer edges once fully developed. This fqH CAR probability remains nonzero down to our lowest accessible temperature, suggesting superconducting pairing of fractional charges. These results provide a route to realize novel topological superconducting phases with universal braiding statistics in fqH-superconductor hybrid devices based on graphene and NbN.
Tree recruitment pulses and long-term species coexistence in mixed forests of western Québec

Abstract In sub-boreal forests of northeastern North America, late-successional stands often contain a fine-scale mixture of several coniferous and hardwood tree species, including an important proportion of relatively shade-intolerant species such as white birch (Betula papyrifera) and yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis). In order to better understand the recruitment of these species, we determined the age at 1 m height of each tree in sample plots located in three stand types representative of different site conditions in a small forest mosaic undisturbed by humans. Three recruitment pulses occurred synchronously in all stand types during the periods 1835–1860, 1910–1930, and 1970–1990, the last two being related to known spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) outbreaks. These pulsed recruitment episodes were identified for birch species, but also for more shade-tolerant species such as balsam fir (Abies balsamifera) and to a lesser degree white cedar (Thuja occidentalis). White cedar was the only species for which there was some recruitment during the 1940–1960 period, but this was restricted to only one stand type located on mesic sites. These results indicate that when examined over relatively long periods of time, resource availability after canopy disturbances is an important factor for the recruitment above 1 m height for most tree species. In sub-boreal forests, periodic and synchronous mortality of balsam fir can favour the emergence of multi-species, multi-cohort stands, especially where soil conditions are adequate for the recruitment of other tree species.
Histopathological changes in the skins and gills of some marine fishes due to parasitic isopod infestation

Objective: To study the histopathological symptoms owing to cymothoid isopod that were categorised as gross lesions. Methods: Nature of damage fish tissues and gills were taken from the parasite attachment area of infested and uninfested fishes which were cut out in fresh condition fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin. Fresh and recently preserved tissues and gills were washed in tap water and dehydrated using alcohol series. The tissues gills were then cleaned in methylbenzoate and benzene and embedded in paraffin wax. The serial sections cutting 4 to 5 m thickness, were stained with Erlich’s haematoxylin and Eosin for histopathological analysis. Results: In normal muscle tissue, the tensile strength of muscle fibers with extra cellular matrix collagen was extensively tight associated. This gave a rigid musculature pattern to the tissues. Infested fish exhibited histopathological anomalies such as tissue reactions, primarily associated with the formation of granulomas consisted of macrophages and epitheleioid cells, which were occasionally surrounded by a thin rim of fibroblasts. The infestations such as lipofibrosis, hyperaemia, haemorhagic lesions and penetration of dactylus usually pressure atrophy often accompanied by the presence of parasites. Lesions had well developed granulomas that underlined in the muscle or overlying subcutaneous tissue, form these spread to underlying organs. Conclusions: It could be concluded that the infection studies of parasite that attaches or settles on the host body, at first, causes localized inflammatory changes, but with time, assuring a different or diffused character. The changes always begin with hyperaemia in the angles between adjacent sides at the site of attachment and then move towards deeply situated area.
Statins for cirrhosis: almost ready for clinical application

Liver cirrhosis is often diagnosed at a late stage, where development of complications such as infections, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and variceal bleeding indicate a worsened prognosis (1). Once complications occur, the twoyear survival is 50 % and presence of systemic inflammation further predisposes to an excess risk of infections and mortality (2). Medical treatment of liver cirrhosis has traditionally focused on isolated complications such as ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy (3), and to a lesser extent on causal factors leading to progression of the disease. Only few randomized trials have evaluated pharmacological principles of treatment addressing causal factors such as combination therapy with effect on systemic inflammation and portal hypertension within the recent years (4,5). More than two decades ago statins were shown to have a potent anti-inflammatory effect and more recently pathophysiological and clinical studies have demonstrated a potential clinical benefit by adding statins (3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl–coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) to the standard treatment regimens for cirrhosis. Statins partly act by improving endothelial dysfunction by increasing the Nitric Oxide (NO) production (6). In cirrhosis, the endothelial NO release is impaired in the liver microvasculature and is a major contributor to the increased hepatic resistance and development of portal hypertension (7). This recognition led to a series of experimental studies demonstrating a decrease in intrahepatic vascular resistance and an improvement of the vasculature in the cirrhotic rat liver, mediated by an up-regulation of NO production in the liver vasculature (8,9). Apart from increasing the hepatic NO production statins may also inhibit fibrogenesis in cirrhotic rats (10). The lowering effects of statins on portal pressure were published in 2004 followed by a series of studies that assessed the beneficial effects of simvastatin on portal hypertension (11-13). Lately, a large randomized trial showed a beneficial effect of simvastatin on survival, but not on the risk of rebleeding from esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis (14). Rifaximin, a nonabsorbable antibiotic exerting a broadrange of antimicrobial activity, has a significant beneficial effect on prevention of hepatic encephalopathy (15). Rifaximin may modulate the human gut microbiome preventing bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation, and hence exert a positive effect on portal hypertension (4,16,17). A possible synergistic effect of rifaximin, and simvastatin may improve endothelial dysfunction as well as fibrogenesis, and would therefore represent a new treatment principle for the prevention of disease progression in liver cirrhosis.
Genetic variability and association analysis in Luffa sp.

Twenty-four accessions of Luffa hermaphrodita were evaluated in randomized complete block design for 12 economic characters to study genetic variability of traits and contribution towards yield and its association with each other. The analysis of variance revealed considerable genetic diversity among the accessions for aggregate effect of all the characters. Of the 24 genotypes, SP-59 recorded highest edible fruit yield/hectare (107.9 q) while DR/Y-1 expressed earliness with respect to days to first hermaphrodite flower anthesis (40.6) and maximum mean value for number of fruits per plant (185.3). High heritability for number of seeds per fruit, seed weight and edible fruit yield per hectare suggests that characters phenotypic value could provide fair and reliable measure of good genotype. High heritability and high genetic advance for number of seeds per fruit and edible fruit yield per hectare indicated the presence of high amount of fixable variation among genotypes for these traits, which provides ample scope for varietal improvement through hybridization and selection in Luffa hermaphrodita.
The Conservation Status of Grassland Habitats Belonging to Protected Areas from Oltenia ‘Natura 2000’ Site, Romania

In the present paper, are rendered the results of the research referring to the conservation status of the grasslands from two sites ‘Natura 2000’ located in Oltenia region, in South-Western part of Romania: ROSCI0202 Oltenia Forest Steppe and ROSCI0039 Ciuperceni - Desa. Within these sites, there are five habitats: 62C0* Ponto-Sarmatic steppes, 6260* Pannonic sand steppes, 6440 Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii , 6510 Lowland hay meadows ( Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis ) and 1530* Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes. The investigation of the conservation status of these habitats was carried out by assessing their conservation status at EU level, namely by assigning them to one of the four categories – “favourable”, “unfavourable-inadequate”, “unfavourable-bad”, and “unknown” – according to the stated attributes for each habitat, to the threats of destruction and to the dangers that may lead to their destruction or disappearance. By applying the evaluation matrix of the conservation state of the five habitats from the two sites Natura 2000, only three of the five studied habitats have a good conservation status: 62C0* Ponto-Sarmatic steppes, 6260* Pannonic sand steppes, 6440 alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii . The habitat 1530* Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes have a good-moderate status while 6510 Lowland hay meadows ( Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis ) has amoderate-poor status. Referring to the characteristic structure and functions to the type of habitat, the research revealed that in numerous areas occupied by the five habitats good conservation conditions are not good.
Formalization of scientific and technical sentences in Russian language

The article presents the research results on the computational theory of semantic interpretation in Russian language. These interpretations represent a generalizing formalization of a scientific and technical style sentences. Furthermore, the concept of a partition system of a word scale, its classes and a method of forming partition classes is defined. We showed that the word scale corresponds to many partition systems that are specified by a special rule for selecting instances from classes. Additionally, we proposed generalized algorithms for constructing a partition system.