Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activity budgets and movement rates of caribou encountering pipelines, roads, and traffic in northern Alaska

Insect harassment significantly affected caribou behavior by decreasing time spent feeding and lying and by increasing locomotion. Effects of oilfield disturbance on behavior were most pronounced when insects were absent, suggesting that disturbance and insects did not have a substantial additive effect on behavior. When insects were absent, caribou within 600 m of an elevated pipeline and road with traffic, and within 300 m of a pipeline and road without traffic, had significantly different activity budgets than undisturbed caribou; disturbance effects were significantly greater in the site with traffic. Time spent lying and running and movement rates were the best indicators of oilfield disturbance, whereas time spent feeding was not affected. Cow–calf-dominated groups and groups larger than 10 animals reacted to lower levels of disturbance than other group types, but all group types reacted similarly to high levels of disturbance. Separation of elevated pipelines from heavily traveled roads is recommen.
Impact of blockholder promoters on debt financing of Indian firms

We examine the effect of blockholder promoters on financing decisions of Indian firms. A fixed effect panel analysis of 13,131 observations during the period 2001-2017, confirm that, greater the promoter ownership, less the preference for leverage. However, the impact of promoter ownership on financing decisions varies with the type of blockholders. We find that the moderating effect of state-owned and private-foreign blockholders with promoter ownership is negatively associated with leverage, while family-owned blockholders with promoter ownership is positively associated with leverage. The study finds that the significance of agency cost II varies with the identity of blockholder promoters.
Analyzing important work motivators for architects in the project delivery process

People can be motivated when the right factor occurs in their work. As a result, they will work harder and deliver better performance. Being able to achieve optimum work performance is one of the ways to ensure professionals will remain competitive and survive in the construction industry. Thus, this study aims to analyze the most important factors that motivate architects to work in the project delivery process. The assessment of architects’ important work motivators was carried out using self-evaluation through a questionnaire survey. There were 131 completed and usable questionnaires received and used for data analysis. A relative importance index (RII) was adopted to rank the relative importance of the architect’s work motivation factors. The results revealed that having adequate resources in the process of delivering a project is the most important factor which motivates architects to work. The results can be used as a valuable feedback for the employers of consultant firms as well as the clients that seek to enhance the performance of their key design contributor by providing the appropriate work motivators which can motivate architects to achieve higher performance in building project delivery process.
The effect of the number of needle maneuver in the lung and the number of pleural punctures on the formation of pneumothorax, a complication of lung transthoracic core needle biopsy

Amac Bu calismada BT esliginde transtorasik cekirdek igne biyopsisinde, igne manevrasi sayisi ve plevral ponksiyon sayisinin pnomotoraks uzerine etkisini arastirmak amaclandi. Yontem Hastalara uygulanan BT esliginde cekirdek igne biyopsisi kayitlari retrospektif olarak incelendi. Demografik veriler, islem raporlari, patoloji raporlari, tomografi goruntuleri, takip muayeneleri ve biyopsiye bagli komplikasyonlar incelendi. Daha sonra, ignenin plevraya kac kez girdigi ve akcigerdeki manevra sayisi listelenmistir. Plevral ponksiyon sayisi 1 veya ≥2 olarak kaydedildi. Igne manevra sayisi 1, 2 veya ≥3 olarak kaydedildi. Listelenen tum degiskenler istatistiksel olarak degerlendirildi. Bulgular Toplamda 393 hasta calismaya dahil edildi. Pnomotoraks komplikasyonu 87(%22,1) hastada oldu. Pnomotoraksa bagli toraks tupu uygulamasi 39(%9,9) hastada gerekli oldu. Biyopsi uygulama esnasindaki akcigerlerdeki igne manevrasi sayisinin 3+ oldugu durumlarda, pnomotoraks insidansinda ve toraks tupu uygulama gereksiniminde artis saptandi (p=0.001). Lezyon boyutu azaldikca ve lezyon plevra mesafesi arttikca ignenin akciger icerisindeki manevra sayisi artmistir (p=0.001, p=0.008). Plevra delinme sayisi ≥2 olan 48 hastada, pnomotoraks ve toraks tupu uygulama oranlari artmistir (p=0.001, p=0.001). Sonuc BT esliginde yapilan pulmoner transtorasik cekirdek igne biyopsisi uygulamalarinda, igne manevrasi sayisi ve plevral ponksiyon sayisi pnomotoraks gelisme riskine katkida bulunan ana faktorleri olusturmaktadir.
ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF EMOTIONAL HEALTH OF UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENT YOUTH THAT IS INVOLVED INTO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

In the present days, we encounter and can observe a widespread distribution of physical, moral and psychological crisis among the citizens of Ukraine. The most inclined to undergo and experience distress group of the population is higher educational institutions’ youth. Based on the data we have collected and carefully analyzed, we have discovered that regular exposure of a person to physical activity helps maintain the levels of distress and influence of other negatively oriented emotional states to their minimums whereas the physical activity positively impacts emotional health, especially in regard to student youth. Accordingly, our research is dedicated and conducted to investigate and assess how emotional health of Ukrainian students correlates with different levels of physical activity they experience. In order to complete the study, we asked a few female students that indeed take physical training (PT) classes at their universities, precisely, 48, to take part in our investigation. The participants were at the particular stages of their Bachelor’s program progression (from Freshmen to Senior Year students) at the moment of the study being conducted. We attempt to measure and assess the indices that constitute emotional health which we defined as a) mood, b) well-being, c) overall activity, and d) anxiety. Additionally, we determine the levels of physical activity of each student. Based on the evidence we have collected, the students evaluated their moods in the range of 56 10,0 points (high evaluation marks), their well-beings in the range of 51 10,7 points (high evaluation marks), and the levels of their overall activity in the range of 43 9,5 points (average evaluation marks). Altogether, the vast majority of the participants marked their levels of trait and state anxieties as 47 3,9 points and 48 3,7 points, accordingly, that we define as high. On the other hand, we have discovered that most participants have low physical activity index that constitute into the value of 31. On the contrary, the ones whose physical activity is higher have stated that their state anxiety is lower — 46,3 3,4 points, — compared to those who involve into average and low exposure to physical activity — 47,2 3,5 points and 47,6 4,3 points, respectively. The potential of future studies of emotional health are highly dependent upon researches into emotions that students experience, how well students recognize, distinguish, Yaroshyk et al., 2020. Assessment of the State of Emotional Health of Ukrainian University Student Youth that is Involved into Different Levels of Physical Activity 468 and live through their feelings, as well as into the abilities of students to adapt to alternate vital circumstances.
Quantitative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Public Health Measures on COVID-19 Transmission

Abstract Although COVID-19 has spread almost all over the world, social isolation is still a controversial public health policy and governments of many countries still doubt its level of effectiveness. This situation can create deadlocks in places where there is a discrepancy among municipal, state and federal policies. The exponential increase of the number of infectious people and deaths in the last days shows that the COVID-19 epidemics is still at its early stage in Brazil and such political disarray can lead to very serious results. In this work, we study the COVID-19 epidemics in Brazilian cities using early-time approximations of the SIR model in networks. Different from other works, the underlying network is constructed by feeding real-world data on local COVID-19 cases reported by Brazilian cities to a regularized vector autoregressive model, which estimates directional COVID-19 transmission channels (links) of every pair of cities (vertices) using spectral network analysis. Our results reveal that social isolation and, especially, the use of masks can effectively reduce the transmission rate of COVID-19 in Brazil. We also build counterfactual scenarios to measure the human impact of these public health measures in terms of reducing the number of COVID-19 cases at the epidemics peak. We find that the efficiency of social isolation and of using of masks differs significantly across cities. For instance, we find that they would potentially decrease the COVID-19 epidemics peak in Sao Paulo (SP) and Brasilia (DF) by 15% and 25%, respectively. We hope our study can support the design of further public health measures.
The downstream migration of precociously mature Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L, parr in autumn; its relation to the spawning migration of mature adult fish

The autumn emigration of juvenile Atlantic salmon, Sulmo salur L. from the Girnock Burn, Aberdeenshire, is shown to be comprised of two components. Precociously mature males and sexually immature fish differ in their dependence on seasonal and biological cues for the release of migratory behaviour. The emigration of ripe mature male parr is shown to follow the entry of mature adult salmon to the stream; when adult fish are prevented from entering the stream, the emigration is induced by seasonal factors. Spent male parr tend not to participate in the autumn emigration. The emigration is considered to be principally an appetitive phenomenon which maximizes the number of precociously mature males attaining sexual contact with adults.
Measurement of local bed shear stress in streams using a Preston‐static tube

Local bed shear stress (Τw) is a fluid dynamic parameter of importance in determining the physical and biological characteristics of stream‐bed environments. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to measure Τw under field conditions. Herein we describe the use of a Preston‐static tube, which is essentially a surface‐mounted Pitot‐static tube, to measure Τw in mountain streams. Our results indicate that it is possible to measure local shear stress quickly, consistently, and inexpensively in the field. This technique also provides high spatial resolution, which should allow for detailed in situ studies of local shear stress at scales relevant to lotic organisms. Such information will be invaluable in studies of benthic organisms and hydraulically relevant phenomena in the near‐bottom zone of lotic systems.
The Breeding Cycle of the Female Humpback Whale, Megaptera nodosa (Bonnaterre)

The gestation period in the humpback whale is of almost 12 months' duration, most conceptions occurring early in August with parturition at the beginning of the following August. The modal length of calves at birth is 14 ft. The sex ratio at birth is 51.4 per cent. males to 48.6 per cent. females. Twin foetuses are occasionally recorded. There is no preference towards either right or left ovary or uterine cornu with regard to ovulation or pregnancy. The breaking of the umbilical cord at birth is described. The histological appearances of the mammary gland during advanced pregnancy and during lactation are described and illustrated. Upon the evidence presented it is concluded that lactation in this species extends over 104 months, suckling generally commencing in mid August and terminating at the end of the following June. The composition of the milk has been determined during various stages of lactation. Oestrous cycles rarely occur during pregnancy, but examples of ovulation following shortly after parturition, while the females are suckling their calves, are cited. It is shown that when the calf is lost at or soon after birth, oestrous cycles usually recommence at once. Where the calf is suckled for the normal period (10½ months) there is no anoestrous period following the end of lactation as oestrous cycles recommence in July, immediately after (occasionally just before) weaning at the end of June. Three types of breeding cycle are shown for the humpback whale. In the most common cycle, absence of the post-partum ovulation, or its occurrence without conception, results in one calf in 2 years. On the other hand, a successful postpartum ovulation results in two calves in 2 years. In the third type of cycle, loss of the first calf at or just after parturition is balanced by a second pregnancy succeeding immediately afterwards. This results in two pregnancies in 2 years with only one calf reared.
Cascaded Fresnel Lens Antenna for Scan Loss Mitigation in Millimeter-Wave Access Points

Millimeter-wave lens antennas will be essential for future wireless access. Conventionally, they increase the gain in the boresight direction only. In this article, cascaded Fresnel zone plate lenses are combined with a phased array to increase the gain at wide steering angles of ±52°. The side lenses are tilted to align with the maximum steering angle and cascaded to increase the focusing gain. The inner lenses increase the gain by 2.45 dB at boresight, and by 3.19 dB at the maximum steering angle. When the side lenses are repositioned, the simulated focusing gain increases to 4.69 dB. Asymmetric amplitude distributions are proposed to prevent the main lobe from splitting. An eight-element seven-lens prototype operating at 28 GHz achieved a gain from 12.96 to 15.35 dBi with a bandwidth of at least 1.3 GHz for all measured beam directions. The maximum measured azimuthal beamwidth was 27°. A design procedure and a theoretical analysis of diffraction through the lenses are provided. By increasing the SNR, this beamforming antenna could improve the coverage of three-sector 5G microcell base stations, and support gigabit wireless links for vehicular, rail, and satellite communications.
Lipid Oxidation and Carotenoids Content in Frying Oil and Fried Dough Containing Carrot Powder

: Lipid oxidation and carotenoids in frying oil and carrot-added dough during frying were studied. Flour dough containing carrot powder was sheeted at 0.1 cm thickness and was then cut to squares to be fried. Each frying was performed in 160°C soybean oil for 1 min and repeated every 20 min for 20 h. Carrot in the dough decreased significantly the oxidative stability of frying oil and fried dough (p < 0.05). Carotenoid content in frying oil increased as frying was repeated due to dissolution of carotenoids from the dough containing carrot; however, there was no significant difference in carotenoid content among the dough fried in the oil with different number of fryings.
ENHANCEMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES BY THE FOOD-GRADE MONOLAURIN MICROEMULSION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT Monolaurin (M) is a potential natural antimicrobial agent used in foods. It is considered to have an antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria. A monolaurin microemulsion (MME) system inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum. Microemulsions (MEs) are transparent, isotropic solutions of oil, surfactant, cosurfactant and water, which are thermodynamically stable and have been much studied in terms of pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. The growth of B. subtilis was inhibited more strongly by MME than by M. A similar pattern was observed for E. coli, A. niger and P. digitatum, although an enhanced inhibition by MME system over that obtained in comparable M alone was not observed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Monolaurin is considered to have an antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria but not against gram-negative bacteria. A monolaurin microemulsion system inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum, and will be regarded as a “natural” antimicrobial preservative.
Standardized Natural Citrus Extract dietary supplementation influences sows’ microbiota, welfare, and preweaning piglets’ performances in commercial rearing conditions

Abstract We investigated the effect of the Standardized Natural Citrus Extract (SNCE; Nor-Spice AB, Nor-Feed SAS, France) on the microbiota of the sows and on the weight gain of their piglets. Fifty sows were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (23 sows) with a standard diet and a SNCE group (27 sows) with a standard diet supplemented with 2,500 ppm of SNCE. Supplementation occurred 10 d before and 5 d after farrowing. Fecal samples from 16 sows (8 randomly selected sows of each dietary treatment) were collected for the fecal microbiota analysis 5 d after farrowing. The supplementation of SNCE increases the amount of cultivable Lactobacillus threefold in vitro. Microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples for sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The SNCE, which affected the microbiota as a discriminant analysis, was able to separate the microbial communities of the eight sows that received SNCE from the three control sows with 21 Operational Taxonomic Units (area under the ROC curve = 96%). SNCE also reduced the interval between farrowing and the first dejection of the sow and increased their feed intake (P-value < 0.05). Furthermore, feeding the sows with SNCE improved the weight gain of the piglets in the first week of life. These results show that SNCE supplementation allows to enhance zootechnical performances of peripartum’ sows, possibly due to the modulation of the microbiota transmitted to the piglets.
An empirical analysis of source code metrics and smart contract resource consumption

A smart contract (SC) is a programme stored in the Ethereum blockchain by a contract‐creation transaction. SC developers deploy an instance of the SC and attempt to execute it in exchange for a fee, paid in Ethereum coins (Ether). If the computation needed for their execution turns out to be larger than the effort proposed by the developer (i.e., the gasLimit), their client instantiation will not be completed successfully.
Mathematical models for HIV treatment : A schematic review

Abstract This review examines mathematical models related to the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The analysis is based on two criteria: the physio-pathological one and the mathematical one. The former criterion checks the presence and possible differentiation of uninfected and infected T lymphocytes, of immune cells and of viruses. The latter criterion distinguishes among dynamic systems, optimal control, and differential game approaches. A schematic table collects the results of this analysis and allows the reader to find out at a glance both the physiopathological and the mathematical characteristics of each cited model.
Boundary Element Method Applied to the 2D Foil with Oscillating Heave and Pitch Motions

When an oscillating foil is placed in a uniform and steady flow, due to its heave and pitching motion, it produce a downstream flow at trailing edge, which leads to a forward force or thrust. Many fishes or insects use this phenomenon to move in air/water. It has proved that the heave and pitch frequency is very important parameter to produce thrust which should be chosen sharply. In this paper a 2D airfoil with oscillating movement was simulated and power/thrust coefficient was calculated. An unsteady numerical model based on boundary element method (BEM) was developed to simulate the flow around the foil. Two different conditions (with different angles of attack, =5, 10) were chosen for the flapping airfoil. For each condition, the foil was oscillated with 8 different frequencies to draw the thrust and power coefficients. The results were compared with experimental data and a finite volume-based solver. It could be seen that however FVM is more precisions to simulate such a hydrodynamics cases but for lifting bodies objects such as airfoil, BEM offers reasonable accuracy. In addition, one of the best advantages of BEM is its speed in calculation. Considering BEM just used 100 boundary cells in simulations, it is about 30 times faster than FVM, which means BEM could be used in rough estimations and preliminary calculations.
Analysis of photo‐id data allowing for missed matches and individuals identified from opposite sides

In many species, photo‐identification could be used as an alternative to artificial marking to provide data on demographic parameters. However, unless the population is very small or fragmented, software may be required to pre‐screen and reject most image pairs as potential matches. Depending on the species and method used to obtain images, currently available software may falsely reject some matches. We estimate the false rejection rate (FRR) of the ExtractCompare (EC) program when used to pre‐screen images of female grey seals. Filtering images manually to reduce the FRR involves subjective assessment of image quality, reduces the amount of data available and may bias the results in favour of relatively well‐marked individuals. The data may contain individuals identified only from the left side or the right side, as well as individuals identified from both sides. Missed matches resulting from false rejections by pre‐screening software and/or inclusion of individuals identified only from opposite sides cause some individuals to generate multiple encounter histories. We describe an open population model for data of this type which, given a measured risk of missing a match between a randomly selected pair of images of the same individual, provides maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of initial population size, survival/emigration and immigration/recruitment by calculating the expected frequency of any encounter history that could be generated. As a case study for the method, we used EC to pre‐screen photographs of female grey seals on a breeding colony and generate encounter histories over five successive seasons. Allowing for the measured FRR, we calculated ML estimates for comparison with estimates from previous studies. We also used the model with encounter histories simulated using the same FRR to give the same mixture of left side, right side and both sides histories and derived ML estimates for comparison with the values used to drive the simulation. With FRR set at up to 33%, the method gave estimates of the abundance and survival parameters used in the simulation model that were biased by at most 4·7% up and 3% down, respectively. The results of the grey seal case study were consistent with previous estimates of apparent survival and trends in abundance.
Acoustodynamométrie : Un procédé innovant de mesure non-invasive de la force qui s'exerce dans un tendon au cours du mouvement

Un procede original de mesure de la force qui s'exerce dans un tendon, chez le Cheval ou l'Homme en mouvement, a ete mis au point. Cette technique non-invasive repose sur une relation, demontree experimentalement in vitro, sur tendons et membres isoles, entre la vitesse des ultrasons dans un tendon et la force qui s'applique sur celui-ci. Un prototype adapte au tendon flechisseur superficiel du doigt du cheval a ete realise. La reproductibilite des mesures, evaluee chez cinq chevaux, au pas et au trot, est tres bonne chez un meme individu, mais il existe des differences nettes entre sujets, a la fois dans la forme des traces et dans les niveaux de vitesse des ultrasons observes. Ces differences sont apparues etroitement liees a l'aplomb digital des chevaux. Le procede ainsi valide a permis d'evaluer l'effet de quatre types de ferrures correctrices, comparees a un fer standard, sur sol dur et sur sol meuble.