Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Roots Versus Root Pulling Resistance as Selection Indices for Draught Tolerance

A technique described as Root Pulling Resistance (RPR) was used to evaluate genotypic differences in root growth and development of50 rice germplasm accessions and cultivars. Several root characteristics inrice are associated with drought tolerance and avoidance capability of plants. The RPR measurements showed a significant positive correlation withmaximum root length (r= 0.69), root thickness (r= 0.75), branching number (r= 0.75), and root dry weight (r = 0.82). Rice genotypes that had a high RPR value were identified as having longer, thicker, and denser root systems. The data indicated that high RPR measurements are strongly correlated withgreater root penetration. MunjiSufaid Pak, IR52 (IR5853-1 18-5) and Saunfia or Mabla Pak 329 had a significantly greater root length, root thickness, root number, root branching and dry weight as compared to IR 36. Also, there was no correlation between plant height and RPR. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that the RPR technique is ideal for selecting superior root systems and potential drought tolerant rice germplasm and cultivars.
Lymphoganuloma venereum in the Western world, 15 years after its re-emergence: new perspectives and research priorities.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a serious sexually transmitted infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. If left untreated LGV can cause irreversible late sequelae. LGV is endemic among a high-risk population of men who have sex with men (MSM), and largely reported in Western metropoles. RECENT FINDINGS Although the majority of LGV patients are HIV positive, in recent years the proportion of HIV-negative MSM with LGV is rising. This could indicate a shift toward lower risk populations. Apart from a few European countries, no proper LGV surveillance efforts have been implemented so far. Moreover, a considerable proportion of the infections are asymptomatic. As a result, the true magnitude of the LGV epidemic is underestimated.Depending on the stage and location of infection, LGV manifests in a variety of clinical presentations. Among MSM, anorectal infections are overreported as opposed to genital LGV infections in a ratio of 15 to 1, respectively. Therefore, other modes of transmission apart from anal sex are here discussed. SUMMARY To improve surveillance, cheaper and more practical screening methods are needed. Moreover, randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate more simple treatment modalities as opposed to the currently recommended 3-week course of doxycycline.
Methodological development of an optimized product emergence process for fiber reinforced polymers

Designing a lightweight composite part is always a trade-off between optimization, manufacturability and available time. Especially in an environment of many changing involved persons a concrete and practical process is a mandatory requirement to stay competitive and pass on knowledge and experience within the organization. Targeting this conflict, this research focuses on providing an overview of the available design tools for composite parts in the software Altair Hyperworks as well as Siemens Fibersim within the CAD software CATIA v5 R2014. The main task is to guide the designer through the development process and show the different available tools which support a sufficient and lightweight part. Using the German standard VDI 2221 (1993) for the development of the process an objective hierarchically method is generated. Divided into the four main stages “outer geometry”, “core”, “layup” and “manufacturing preparation”, different working streams are defined for the design process of a sandwich carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) part. In order to evaluate these steps, a generic monocoque is used in combination with stage-specific criteria corresponding to the individual objectives of the four stages. As a result the developed modular product emergence process (PEP) allows the designer to combine 76 tools with 42 modules to a part-specific PEP, matching the framework regarding timing, personnel and performance. Hence, the opportunity to make an objective decision on the ideal development process is generated with the possibility to even assess properties which are usually difficult or impossible to quantify like e.g. manufacturability. Future research should focus on these classification factors and the possibility to implement them into a product data management (PDM)-software to develop product specific PEPs computerassisted.
Managing physical education lessons: an interactional approach

Physical education (PE) lessons involve complex and dynamic interactive sequences between students, equipment and teacher. The potential for unexpected and/or unintended events is relatively large, a point reflected in an increasing amount of scholarship dealing with classroom management (CM). This scholarship further suggests that unexpected and disruptive events negatively impact on learning and can have deleterious effects on teacher health. Despite considerable potential for these kinds of events, many PE lessons occur in structured, organized ways. The broad purpose of this paper is to consider how classroom action becomes ordered in PE contexts. To this end, an interactional approach is put forward including the specific analytic concepts of directives, epistemic authority and deontic authority. To exemplify the approach, the micro-dynamics of a situation in which a group of students are building a human pyramid is examined. The examination draws attention to: how the teacher engages in a series of interactions with the students to move the sequence forward; how the students themselves achieve order through their interactions with one another; and how the characteristics of the activity help to organize the students' behaviors and limit possibilities for action. The discussion is located against a backdrop of current CM scholarship. Reference is also made to two aspects of social context: the increasing prominence of managerial discourse in educational arenas and the significance of student-centeredness in pedagogical theory. Both aspects appear to influence how order can be achieved in PE today. The analysis raises issues related to pedagogy, management and authority which are addressed in the final two sections of the paper.
Seismicity and hydromechanical behavior of a fractured porous rock under a high pressure fluid injection

We performed high-pressure water injections in boreholes set in a fractured porous limestone at 250m-depth in the LSBB URL in order to investigate the coupling relationships between induced seismicity and the rock permeability changes. The seismic events and tilts of the free wall of the gallery were monitored at different locations by two 3-component accelerometers and two 2D tiltmeters located from 1.5 to 2m from the injection chamber. Changes in fluid pressure and flow rate were simultaneously monitored in the chamber. A damage-induced permeability increase of a factor of 2.2 occurred after a 10 seconds long swarm of complex seismic events caused by a pressure peak injection of 3.5 × 10 6 Pa and a sudden increase in the injected fl ow rate from 0t o to 5.3× 10 −5 m 3 · s −1 . The various angular directions observed on both tiltmeters and 3D accelerometric components indicate that the source of the deformation remains complex and evolves over the time of fluid pressure diffusion in the fractures. At the beginning, signals appear dominated by the source geometry, the rock mass boundary and stress conditions. After the damage and during the pressure decay, tangential slipping of the fracture behavior dominates stress relaxation in the medium. Finally, tilt monitoring coupled with seismo-acoustic measurements present a promising way to quantitatively estimate the relationships between the changes in fractured rocks permeability and seismicity induced by fluid pressurization.
The Essence of Acute Kidney Injury from Renal Replacement Strategies

Wei Zhang1*, Xiaoting Feng2 and Miao Chen1 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China 2Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, P.R. China *Corresponding author: Wei Zhang, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, P.R. China, Tel: +86-756-7623396; E-mail: zhangwei_hxicu@163.com
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THERMOGRAPHIC CAMERAS FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DOCUMENTATION OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS

Thermographic cameras record temperatures emitted by objects in the infrared region. These thermal images can be used for texture analysis and deformation caused by moisture and isolation problems. For accurate geometric survey of the deformations, the geometric calibration and performance evaluation of the thermographic camera should be conducted properly. In this study, an approach is proposed for the geometric calibration of the thermal cameras for the geometric survey of deformation caused by moisture. A 3D test object was designed and used for the geometric calibration and performance evaluation. The geometric calibration parameters, including focal length, position of principal point, and radial and tangential distortions, were determined for both the thermographic and the digital camera. The digital image rectification performance of the thermographic camera was tested for photogrammetric documentation of deformation caused by moisture. The obtained results from the thermographic camera were compared with the results from digital camera based on the experimental investigation performed on a study area.
Pharmacogenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the route toward tailored medicine

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that has reached the levels of a global epidemic. In order to achieve optimal glucose control, it is often necessary to rely on combination therapy of multiple drugs or insulin because uncontrolled glucose levels result in T2DM progression and enhanced risk of complications and mortality. Several antihyperglycemic agents have been developed over time, and T2DM pharmacotherapy should be prescribed based on suitability for the individual patient's characteristics. Pharmacogenetics is the branch of genetics that investigates how our genome influences individual responses to drugs, therapeutic outcomes, and incidence of adverse effects. In this review, we evaluated the pharmacogenetic evidences currently available in the literature, and we identified the top informative genetic variants associated with response to the most common anti‐diabetic drugs: metformin, DPP‐4 inhibitors/GLP1R agonists, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas/meglitinides. Overall, we found 40 polymorphisms for each drug class in a total of 71 loci, and we examined the possibility of encouraging genetic screening of these variants/loci in order to critically implement decision‐making about the therapeutic approach through precision medicine strategies. It is possible then to anticipate that when the clinical practice will take advantage of the genetic information of the diabetic patients, this will provide a useful resource for the prevention of T2DM progression, enabling the identification of the precise drug that is most likely to be effective and safe for each patient and the reduction of the economic impact on a global scale.
Metabarcoding-based fungal diversity on coarse and fine particulate organic matter in a first-order stream in Nova Scotia, Canada

Most streams receive substantial inputs of allochthonous organic material in the form of leaves and twigs (CPOM , coarse particulate organic matter). Mechanical and biological processing converts this into fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). Other sources of particles include flocculated dissolved matter and soil particles. Fungi are known to play a role in the CPOM conversion process, but the taxonomic affiliations of these fungi remain poorly studied. The present study seeks to shed light on the composition of fungal communities on FPOM and CPOM as assessed in a natural stream in Nova Scotia, Canada. Maple leaves were exposed in a stream for four weeks and their fungal community evaluated through pyrosequencing. Over the same period, four FPOM size fractions were collected by filtration and assessed. Particles had much lower ergosterol contents than leaves, suggesting major differences in the extent of fungal colonization. Pyrosequencing documented a total of 821 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTU), of which 726 were exclusive to particles and 47 to leaf samples. Most fungal phyla were represented, including yeast lineages (e.g., Taphrinaceae and Saccharomycotina), Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Cryptomycota, but several classes of Pezizomycontina (Ascomycota) dominated. Cluster dendrograms clearly separated fungal communities from leaves and from particles. Characterizing fungal communities may shed some light on the processing pathways of fine particles in streams and broadens our view of the phylogenetic composition of fungi in freshwater ecosystems.
Recent advances in understanding the ryanodine receptor calcium release channels and their role in calcium signalling

The ryanodine receptor calcium release channel is central to cytoplasmic Ca 2+ signalling in skeletal muscle, the heart, and many other tissues, including the central nervous system, lymphocytes, stomach, kidney, adrenal glands, ovaries, testes, thymus, and lungs. The ion channel protein is massive (more than 2.2 MDa) and has a structure that has defied detailed determination until recent developments in cryo-electron microscopy revealed much of its structure at near-atomic resolution. The availability of this high-resolution structure has provided the most significant advances in understanding the function of the ion channel in the past 30 years. We can now visualise the molecular environment of individual amino acid residues that form binding sites for essential modulators of ion channel function and determine its role in Ca 2+ signalling. Importantly, the structure has revealed the structural environment of the many deletions and point mutations that disrupt Ca 2+ signalling in skeletal and cardiac myopathies and neuropathies. The implications are of vital importance to our understanding of the molecular basis of the ion channel’s function and for the design of therapies to counteract the effects of ryanodine receptor-associated disorders.
MicroRNA16 regulates glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion by targeting Wip1-ATM-p53 feedback loop

The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of microRNA16 (miR-16) on proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of glioma cells. The cell models of miR-16 upregulation and Negative control group (NC group) were built. The cell functions of different groups were detected by colony formation assay, transwell chamber assay, proliferation, apoptosis and cycle experiments. The intracranial orthotopic transplantation animal models were built to different groups: miR-16 agomir group, miR-16 antagomir group and their NC group. The expressions of miR-16, Wip1, ATM and p53 were measured by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. As a result, miR-16 overexpressed groups had lower cloning formation rate and proliferation rate, less invasive cells, higher early apoptosis rate than the control groups. G1 phase was significantly smaller compared miR-16 overexpressed groups with the control groups, and S phase significantly lesser. Cell growth was retardated. Differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Compared with miR-16 overexpressed groups and NC groups, the Wip1 gene and protein expression were downregulated, while ATM and p53 genes, p-ATM and p-p53 proteins were upregulated. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Taken together, our findings demonstrated that miR-16 suppressed glioma cell proliferation and invasion, promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell cycle by targeting Wip1-ATM-p53 signaling pathway.
Chromosome instability in tumor cells due to defects in Aurora B mediated error correction at kinetochores

ABSTRACT We characterized a panel of cancer cells and found that they exhibited chromosome instability (CIN) that was associated with high frequencies of aberrant kinetochore:microtubule attachments. Failure to resolve these defective attachments before anaphase onset can lead to missegregation of chromosomes. Aurora B kinase is concentrated at the inner centromere where it contributes to multiple kinetochore functions, one of which is in error-correction. Analysis of several CIN cell lines showed that many aspects of Aurora B kinase functions were normal. Furthermore, the amount and activity of Aurora B kinase was not reduced at the kinetochores of CIN cells that were examined. However, phosphorylation of a centromeric biosensor for Aurora B in OVCAR10, MCF7 and U2OS cells was consistently reduced relative to non CIN cells. This suggested a localized problem with Aurora B’s ability to phosphorylate substrates important for error correction. This possibility was supported by our ability to improve error correction and reduce the frequency of lagging chromosome in CIN cells by directing endogenous Aurora B to the region of centromere that was tested by the biosensor. Our studies suggest that the kinetochores of CIN cells have a defect that limits accessibility of Aurora B to substrates that are important for error-correction.
Elektronik Belge Yönetim Sistemlerinin Genişletilmiş Teknoloji Kabul Modeli Temelinde Kullanımı: Ampirik Bir Değerlendirme

Gelisen bilgi teknolojileri ile birlikte kamu kurum ve kuruluslarinda gerek islerin kapsami gerekse is yapma bicimleri degismistir. Buna ornek olarak resmi yazismalarin, dolaysiyla belgelerin elektronik ortamda hazirlanip iletilmesi ve paylasilmasi verilebilir. EBYS’nin onemi de bu noktada karsimiza cikmaktadir. Sakarya Universitesinde bu kapsamda Eylul 2013 tarihinden itibaren EBYS uygulamasina gecilmistir. Arastirmanin amaci, Sakarya Universitesi’nde kullanilmakta olan Elektronik Belge Yonetim Sisteminin (EBYS), calisanlar tarafindan benimsenmesine yonelik onemli noktalari aciklamaktir. Arastirma verileri akademik ve idari personel olarak gorev yapan toplam 330 calisandan toplanmistir. Veriler SmartPLS programi ile analiz edilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda EBYS’yi benimseme ve kullanimina etki eden en onemli faktorun uygulamaya dair algilanan fayda oldugu gorulmustur. Isle ilgililik faktorunun algilanan fayda uzerinde; algilanan fayda ve algilanan kullanim kolayliginin da niyet faktoru uzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip oldugu gorulmustur. Yalnizca deneyim faktorunun algilanan kullanim kolayligi uzerinde herhangi bir olumlu etkisi dogrulanamamistir.
Lysophosphatidic Acid and Ion Channels as Molecular Mediators of Pain

Lysophosphatidic acid or LPA is a phospholipid which has been extensively linked to the generation and maintenance of pain. Several ion channels have also been shown to participate in this pathological process but the link between LPA and these proteins in pain has just recently gained interest. In this respect, the field has advanced by determining the molecular mechanisms by which LPA promotes changes in the function of some ion channels. While some of the actions of LPA include modulation of signaling pathways associated to its specific receptors, other include a direct interaction with a region in the structure of ion channels to affect their gating properties. Here, we focus on the known effects of LPA on some transient receptor potential, sodium, potassium, and calcium channels. As the field moves forward, mechanisms are unveiled with the hope of understanding the underlying causes of pain in order to target these and control this pathophysiological state.
Associations Between Methotrexate Use and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Elderly-onset Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective. We evaluated the associations between time-varying methotrexate (MTX) use and risk of cardiovascular events (CVE) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. We studied an inception cohort of 23,994 patients with RA diagnosed after their 65th birthday. Multivariable Cox regression models were fit to evaluate the associations between time-varying MTX use, controlling for other risk factors, and time to CVE. Alternative models assessed the cumulative duration of MTX use over the (1) first year, (2) previous year (recent use), and (3) entire duration of followup. We also assessed whether the strength of the association varied over time. Results. Over 115,453 patient-years (PY), 3294 (13.7%) patients experienced a CVE (28.5 events per 1000 PY; 95% CI 27.6–29.5). In the multivariable analyses, the model assessing time-varying continuous use in the most recent year yielded the best fit. Increasing recent MTX use was associated with lower CVE risks (HR 0.79 for continuous use vs no use in past 12 months, 95% CI 0.70–0.88; p < 0.0001). Greater MTX use in the first year after cohort entry was also protective (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.96; p = 0.0048), but this effect decreased with increasing followup. In contrast, longer MTX use during the entire followup was not clearly associated with CVE risk (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.95–1.01; p = 0.1441). Conclusion. We observed about a 20% decrease in CVE associated with recent continuous MTX use. Greater MTX use in the first year of cohort entry also appeared to be important in the association between MTX and CVE risk.
Précis of Doing without Concepts

Abstract Machery proposes that the construct of “concept” detracts from research progress. However, ignoring development also detracts from research progress. Developmental research has advanced our understanding of how concepts are acquired and thus is essential to a complete theory. We propose a framework that both accounts for development and holds great promise as a new direction for thinking about concepts.
Reference Values of Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy People from an Urban and Rural Argentinean Population

In medical practice the reference values of arterial stiffness came from multicenter registries obtained in Asia, USA, Australia and Europe. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the gold standard method for arterial stiffness quantification; however, in South America, there are few population-based studies. In this research PWV was measured in healthy asymptomatic and normotensive subjects without history of hypertension in first-degree relatives. Normal PWV and the 95% confidence intervals values were obtained in 780 subjects (39.8 ± 18.5 years) divided into 7 age groups (10–98 years). The mean PWV found was 6.84 m/s ± 1.65. PWV increases linearly with aging with a high degree of correlation (r 2 = 0.61; P < 0.05) with low dispersion in younger subjects. PWV progressively increases 6–8% with each decade of life; this tendency is more pronounced after 50 years. A significant increase of PWV over 50 years was demonstrated. This is the first population-based study from urban and rural people of Argentina that provides normal values of the PWV in healthy, normotensive subjects without family history of hypertension. Moreover, the age dependence of PWV values was confirmed.
Multi-chip dataflow architecture for massive scale biophysically accurate neuron simulation

State-of-the-art neuron simulators are capable of simulating at most few tens/hundreds of neurons in real-time due to the exponential growth in the communication costs with the number of simulated neurons. In this paper, we present a novel, reconfigurable, multi-chip system architecture based on localized communication, which effectively reduces the communication cost to a linear growth. The system is very flexible and it allows to tune, at run-time, various parameters, e.g. the intracellular concentration of chemical compounds, the interconnection scheme between the neurons. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system architecture allows the simulation of up to few thousands biophysically accurate neurons over multiple chips.