Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Older People’s Use and Nonuse of the Internet in Sweden

The use of the internet has considerably increased over recent years, and the importance of internet use has also grown as services have gone online. Sweden is largely an information society like other countries with high reported use amongst European countries. In line with digitalization development, society is also changing, and many activities and services today take place on the internet. This development could potentially lead to those older persons who do not use the internet or do not follow the development of services on the internet finding it difficult to take part in information and activities that no longer occur in the physical world. This has led to a digital divide between groups, where the older generations (60+), in particular, have been affected. In a large study of Sweden’s adult population in 2019, 95 percent of the overall population was said to be internet users, and the corresponding number for users over 66 years of age was 84%. This study shows that the numbers reported about older peoples’ internet use, most likely, are vastly overestimated and that real use is significantly lower, especially among the oldest age groups. We report that 62.4% of the study subjects are internet users and that this number most likely also is an overestimation. When looking at nonresponders to the questionnaire, we find that they display characteristics generally attributed to non-use, such as lower education, lower household economy, and lower cognitive functioning.
Interactions of janus kinase inhibitors with drug transporters and consequences for pharmacokinetics and toxicity

ABSTRACT Introduction: Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKinibs) constitute an emerging and promising pharmacological class of anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer drugs, used notably for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and some myeloproliferative neoplasms. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the interactions between marketed JAKinibs and major uptake and efflux drug transporters. Consequences regarding pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions and toxicity are summarized. Expert opinion: JAKinibs interact in vitro with transporters in various ways, as inhibitors or as substrates of transporters or as regulators of transporter expression. This may theoretically result in drug-drug interactions (DDIs), with JAKinibs acting as perpetrators or as victims, or in toxicity, via impairment of thiamine transport. Clinical significance in terms of DDIs for JAKinib-transporter interactions remains however poorly documented. In this context, the in vivo unbound concentration of JAKinibs is likely a key parameter to consider for evaluating the clinical relevance of JAKinibs-mediated transporter inhibition. Additionally, the interplay with drug metabolism as well as possible interactions with transporters of emerging importance and time-dependent inhibition have to be taken into account. The role drug transporters may play in controlling cellular JAKinib concentrations and efficacy in target cells is also an issue of interest.
Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids for Drug Repositioning in Cancer Care: A Promising Approach in the Era of Tailored Treatment

Simple Summary Currently, organoid research is having a growing impact in oncology. Tumor organoids, directly derived from patients’ specimens, can easily be expanded and cryopreserved. For that reason, they are becoming an indispensable ally in clinics for quicker diagnosis and prognosis of malignancies. Patient-derived cancer organoids are used as a platform to predict the efficacy of standard-of-care, as well as novel drugs. Therefore, this approach might be further utilized for validating off-label molecules, in order to widen the cancer care offer. Abstract Malignancies heterogeneity represents a critical issue in cancer care, as it often causes therapy resistance and tumor relapse. Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniaturized representations of selected tissues within a dish. Lately, organoid technology has been applied to oncology with growing success and Patients Derived Tumor Organoids (PDTOs) constitute a novel available tool which fastens cancer research. PDTOs are in vitro models of cancer, and importantly, they can be used as a platform to validate the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. For that reason, they are currently utilized in clinics as emerging in vitro screening technology to tailor the therapy around the patient, with the final goal of beating cancer resistance and recurrence. In this sense, PDTOs biobanking is widely used and PDTO-libraries are helping the discovery of novel anticancer molecules. Moreover, they represent a good model to screen and validate compounds employed for other pathologies as off-label drugs potentially repurposed for the treatment of tumors. This will open up novel avenues of care thus ameliorating the life expectancy of cancer patients. This review discusses the present advancements in organoids research applied to oncology, with special attention to PDTOs and their translational potential, especially for anti-cancer drug testing, including off-label molecules.
Visual Perception, Fine Motor, and Visual-Motor Skills in Very Preterm and Term-Born Children before School Entry–Observational Cohort Study

Very preterm children (<32 weeks gestation at birth; VP) are at risk of developmental difficulties. Specific functional difficulties and delays in visual perception, fine motor, and visual-motor skills have received little research attention, although they are critical for daily life and school readiness. Our aim was to assess these skills in a contemporary cohort of 60 VP and 60 matched term-born children before school entry. We administered the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC-2) and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception (DTVP-2). Linear and logistic regressions were run to test group differences in performance and rates of developmental delay in visual perception, fine motor, and visual-motor skills. Very preterm children had lower scores than term-born children in visual perception (β = −0.25; p = 0.006), fine motor (β = −0.44; p < 0.001), and visual-motor tasks (β = −0.46; p < 0.001). The rate of developmental delay (<−1 SD) was higher among VP in visual perception (odds ratio (OR) = 3.4; 95% confidence interval (CI 1.1–10.6)), fine motor (OR = 6.2 (2.4–16.0)), and visual-motor skills (OR = 13.4 (4.1–43.9)) than in term-born controls. VP children are at increased risk for clinically relevant developmental delays in visual perception, fine motor, and visual-motor skills. Following up VP children until preschool age may facilitate early identification and timely intervention.
TRPM Channels in Human Diseases

The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) subfamily belongs to the TRP cation channels family. Since the first cloning of TRPM1 in 1989, tremendous progress has been made in identifying novel members of the TRPM subfamily and their functions. The TRPM subfamily is composed of eight members consisting of four six-transmembrane domain subunits, resulting in homomeric or heteromeric channels. From a structural point of view, based on the homology sequence of the coiled-coil in the C-terminus, the eight TRPM members are clustered into four groups: TRPM1/M3, M2/M8, M4/M5 and M6/M7. TRPM subfamily members have been involved in several physiological functions. However, they are also linked to diverse pathophysiological human processes. Alterations in the expression and function of TRPM subfamily ion channels might generate several human diseases including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative alterations, organ dysfunction, cancer and many other channelopathies. These effects position them as remarkable putative targets for novel diagnostic strategies, drug design and therapeutic approaches. Here, we review the current knowledge about the main characteristics of all members of the TRPM family, focusing on their actions in human diseases.
Efficacy of Whole Cell Inactivated Vibrio harveyi Vaccine against Vibriosis in a Marine Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus) Model

Vibrio harveyi causes vibriosis in various commercial marine fish species. The infection leads to significant economic losses for aquaculture farms, and vaccination is an alternative approach for the prevention and control of fish diseases for aquaculture sustainability. This study describes the use of formalin-killed Vibrio harveyi (FKVh) strain Vh1 as a vaccine candidate to stimulate innate and adaptive immunities against vibriosis in a marine red hybrid tilapia model. Tilapia are fast growing; cheap; resistant to diseases; and tolerant to adverse environmental conditions of fresh water, brackish water, and marine water and because of these advantages, marine red hybrid tilapia is a suitable candidate as a model to study fish diseases and vaccinations against vibriosis. A total of 180 healthy red hybrid tilapias were gradually adapted to the marine environment before being divided into two groups, with 90 fish in each group and were kept in triplicate with 30 fish per tank. Group 1 was vaccinated intraperitoneally with 100 µL of FKVh on week 0, and a booster dose was similarly administered on week 2. Group 2 was similarly injected with PBS. Skin mucus, serum, and gut lavage were collected weekly for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a lysozyme activity assay from a total of 30 fish of each group. On week 4, the remaining 60 fish of Groups 1 and 2 were challenged with 108 cfu/fish of live Vibrio harveyi. The clinical signs were monitored while the survival rate was recorded for 48 h post-challenge. Vaccination with FKVh resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) higher rate of survival (87%) compared to the control (20%). The IgM antibody titer and lysozyme activities of Group 1 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the unvaccinated Groups 2 in most weeks throughout the experiment. Therefore, the intraperitoneal exposure of marine red hybrid tilapia to killed V. harveyi enhanced the resistance and antibody response of the fish against vibriosis.
Using host traits to predict reservoir host species of rabies virus

Wildlife are important reservoirs for many pathogens, yet the role that different species play in pathogen maintenance frequently remains unknown. This is the case for rabies, a viral disease of mammals. While Carnivora (carnivores) and Chiroptera (bats) are the canonical mammalian orders known to be responsible for the maintenance and onward transmission of rabies Lyssavirus (RABV), the role of most species within these orders remains unknown and is continually changing as a result of contemporary host shifting. We combined a trait-based analytical approach with gradient boosting machine learning models to identify physiological and ecological host features associated with being a reservoir for RABV. We then used a cooperative game theory approach to determine species-specific traits associated with known RABV reservoirs. Being a carnivore reservoir for RABV was associated with phylogenetic similarity to known RABV reservoirs, along with other traits such as having larger litters and earlier sexual maturity. For bats, location in the Americas and geographic range were the most important predictors of RABV reservoir status, along with having a large litter. Our models identified 44 carnivore and 34 bat species that are currently not recognized as RABV reservoirs, but that have trait profiles suggesting their capacity to be or become reservoirs. Further, our findings suggest that potential reservoir species among bats and carnivores occur both within and outside of areas with current RABV circulation. These results show the ability of a trait-based approach to detect potential reservoirs of infection and could inform rabies control programs and surveillance efforts by identifying the types of species and traits that facilitate RABV maintenance and transmission.
A Machine Learning Approach for the Automated Diagnosis of ADHD: ​ Implications and Significance for Sustainable Youth Development Policies

Equitable access to medical diagnosis is integral to achieve sustainable development goals in the developing world, where poverty and a lack of medical institutions create stark inequalities in the accessibility of medical diagnosis and treatment. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder in the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America: the prevalence rate, according to a 2007 sample study, is 8.5% and 11.8%, respectively, compared to a 9.2% prevalence rate in the U.S. 1
The Key Glycolytic Enzyme Phosphofructokinase Is Involved in Resistance to Antiplasmodial Glycosides

Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, continues to be a devastating global health issue, causing 405,000 deaths and 228 million cases in 2018. Understanding key metabolic processes in malaria parasites is critical to the development of new drugs to combat this major infectious disease. The Plasmodium glycolytic pathway is essential to the malaria parasite, providing energy for growth and replication and supplying important biomolecules for other essential Plasmodium anabolic pathways. Despite this overreliance on glycolysis, no current drugs target glycolysis, and there is a paucity of information on critical glycolysis targets. Our work addresses this unmet need, providing new mechanistic insights into this key pathway. ABSTRACT Plasmodium parasites rely heavily on glycolysis for ATP production and for precursors for essential anabolic pathways, such as the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. Here, we show that mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum glycolytic enzyme, phosphofructokinase (PfPFK9), are associated with in vitro resistance to a primary sulfonamide glycoside (PS-3). Flux through the upper glycolysis pathway was significantly reduced in PS-3-resistant parasites, which was associated with reduced ATP levels but increased flux into the pentose phosphate pathway. PS-3 may directly or indirectly target enzymes in these pathways, as PS-3-treated parasites had elevated levels of glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. PS-3 resistance also led to reduced MEP pathway intermediates, and PS-3-resistant parasites were hypersensitive to the MEP pathway inhibitor, fosmidomycin. Overall, this study suggests that PS-3 disrupts core pathways in central carbon metabolism, which is compensated for by mutations in PfPFK9, highlighting a novel metabolic drug resistance mechanism in P. falciparum. IMPORTANCE Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, continues to be a devastating global health issue, causing 405,000 deaths and 228 million cases in 2018. Understanding key metabolic processes in malaria parasites is critical to the development of new drugs to combat this major infectious disease. The Plasmodium glycolytic pathway is essential to the malaria parasite, providing energy for growth and replication and supplying important biomolecules for other essential Plasmodium anabolic pathways. Despite this overreliance on glycolysis, no current drugs target glycolysis, and there is a paucity of information on critical glycolysis targets. Our work addresses this unmet need, providing new mechanistic insights into this key pathway.
RESPONSE OF TOMATO ( LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM ) TO COBALT SUPPLEMENT

A Pot experiment was conducted to evaluate influence of cobalt on tomato growth and yield. The experiment was carried out at wire house, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt during (2016) season. Plastic pots of 10 kg capacity were filled with used.Tomato seedlings at the third truly leaves were irrigated once with 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 and 20 ppm cobalt. The obtained results indicate that, all cobalt rates significantly increased tomato plants growth, yield, mineral composition and chemical constituents. Cobalt at 7.5 ppm gave the greatest values.As cobalt increasing in plant media the promotive effect decreased.
H-BOND CONTRIBUTION TO OCTANOL-WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENTS OF POLAR COMPOUNDS

A quantitative description of the hydrogen bond contribution to logP is presented for carbonyl and hydroxyl compounds. A two parameter Eq. correlating the hydrophobicity with molecular volume and sum of free energy H-bond acceptor ability is derived for carbonyl compounds. If compounds with hydroxyl groups are included also H-bond donor abilities have to be considered. It can be concluded that hydrogen bonds play a very important role for the formation/presentation of hydrophobic properties of polar compounds. A quantitative description of the hydrogen bond contribution to logP values of such compounds is possible by means of free energy H-bond acceptor and donor factor values only. Negative logP values result from the negative contribution of H-bond acceptor ability.
A Simple Model of MTC Flows in Smart Factories

—In this paper we develop a simple, yet accurate, performance model to understand if and how evolutions of traditional cellular network protocols can be exploited to allow large numbers of devices to gain control of transmission resources in smart factory radio access networks. The model results shed light on the applicability of evolved access procedures and help understand how many devices can be served per base station. In addition, considering the simultaneous presence of different trafﬁc classes, we investigate the effectiveness of prioritised access, exploiting access class barring techniques. Our model shows that, even with the sub-millisecond time slots foreseen in LTE Advanced Pro and 5G, a base station can accommodate at most few thousand devices to guarantee access latencies below 100 ms with high transmission success probabilities. This calls for a rethinking of wireless access strategies to avoid ultra-dense cell deployments within smart factory’s infrastructures.
EFFECT OF GINGER AND CINNAMOMUM EXTRACTS IN PROTECT ORANGE FRUITS FROM INFECTION PENICILLIUM DIGITATUM THE PATHOGEN OF GREEN MOULD DISEASE

Study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of some plant extracts of Ginger plant (Zingibar officinale) and Cinnamomum plant (Cinnamomum zylanicum) to protect orange fruits from Penicillium digitatum, that causes green mold disease, isolated from infected orange fruits located in local markets in Najaf Governorate, Iraq. The concentrations of Cinnamomum plant extract showed efficacy against pathogenic fungus compared to concentrations of ginger extract, the Cinnamomum plant extract in the concentrations of (10, 15 and 20 mg/ ml) inhibition of the fungi on Potato Dextrose Agar medium in Petri dishes, the diametrical growth rate of pathogen after 3 days of growth were (3.34, 3.74 and 3.6), respectively, compared to the concentration rate of 5 mg / ml and control treatment which gave (5.31 and 4.75) cm respectively. Cinnamomum plant extract also showed high inhibition efficiency in the growth of pathogenic P. digitatum, while the diametrical growth rate was 2.10 compared to the diametrical growth rate of fungus with the Ginger extract, which gave 6.16 cm. Results indicated all concentration of Cinnamomum extracts had led protection of orange fruits from infect with P. digitatum. Treatment of orange fruits soaked with Cinnamomum extracts (20 mg/ml) inoculated with sporulation suspension of P. digitatum (T6) was significantly affected by inhibiting the growth regions and the depth of infected fruits, it gave (1.60 and 0.73) cm respectively, compared to the treatment of T2 which gave the highest rate of growth regions and growth depth of the fungus P. digitatum reached (6.10 and 5.96) cm respectively.
COMP9243 — Lecture 1 (20T3)

This certainly is the ideal form of a distributed system, where the “implementation detail” of building a powerful system out of many simpler systems is entirely hidden from the user. Are there any such systems? Unfortunately, when we look at the reality of networked computers, we find that the multiplicity of system components usually shines through the abstractions provided by the operating system and other software. In other words, when we work with a collection of independent computers, we are almost always made painfully aware of this. For example, some applications require us to identify and distinguish the individual computers by name while in others our computer hangs due to an error that occurred on a machine that we have never heard of before. Throughout this course, we will investigate the various technical challenges that ultimately are the cause for the current lack of “true” distributed systems. Moreover, we will investigate various approaches to solving these challenges and study several systems that provide services that are implemented across a collection of computers, but appear as a single service to the user. For the purpose of this course, we propose to use the following weaker definition of a distributed system,
A DEA MODEL FOR MEASURING EFFICIENCY ADAPTED TO THE HOTEL SECTOR

The aim of this paper is propose an improved model based on the technique of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure hotel efficiency. For that purpose, an extensive literature review has been carried out, focused mainly on empirical research. As a result, the proposed model incorporates some new operational variables widely accepted within the sector, like the REVPAR indicator, and allows adapting the efficiency analysis to the current economic conditions and industry circumstances.
Effect of rhizospheric nutrient management on root growth, yield, and nutrient use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Tarai region of Uttarakhand, India

Arvind Kumar* Department of Agronomy, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar-263145 (Uttarakhand), India Vijay Pal Singh Department of Agronomy, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar-263145 (Uttarakhand), India Rajeew Kumar Department of Agronomy, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar-263145 (Uttarakhand), India D. S. Pandey Department of Agronomy, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar-263145 (Uttarakhand), India V.K. Singh Department of Agronomy, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar-263145 (Uttarakhand), India
A Meta Learning Approach to Novel Image Captioning

Abstract to the abstract? This is weird lol . Image captioning for images that contain novel objects not seen in training data is a difﬁcult yet very valuable task. A recently released novel object captioning challenge (nocaps) [1] aims to evaluate different algorithms at this task. While approaches to this task aim to evaluate on totally unseen data, it’s also useful to have models that can adapt well to distribution shifts after only a few unseen examples. To this end, I propose a Model-Agnostic Meta Learning (MAML) [4] approach using a popular UpDown image captioning model [3]. This is a signiﬁcant challenge, as it’s often difﬁcult to use MAML for generative tasks, especially with very large and complex models such as UpDown. I show that it’s possible to train such a model with MAML, though it falls signiﬁcantly short of SOTA performance on this task. I also show that it’s possible to take a traditionally trained model as an initialization for MAML and still learn to improve accuracy on out-of-domain images. I make all code available at: https