Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transduction and biological psychiatry.

The term "biological psychiatry" is used most commonly to refer to the biochemical and pharmacological aspects of schizophrenia and affective disorders. Papers in this and previous issues of the Journal ofPsychiatry and Neuroscience reflect major developments taking place in this field. The role of stress and psychopathology in causing nonpsychiatric diseases may appear on the surface to be peripheral to biological psychiatry. Yet this is an area which is assuming greater importance as our grasp of psychophysiological relationships improves. There is no question that the brain plays a key role in the mediation of these effects. Evidence from both epidemiological and psychophysiological sources together supports an association between stress and disease. For example, one study found that widowers have a substantially higher morbidity and mortality rate during the 12 months after the death of their spouse than a demographically controlled group of subjects who had not lost their spouse (Parkes et al 1969). There is persuasive evidence that stress increases the risk of mortality among patients with cardiovascular disease (Ruberman and Weinblatt 1984; Silverstein 1990) and that psychiatric pathology has a deleterious effect on the course of such chronic relapsing diseases as ulcerative colitis and bronchial asthma (Levenstein and Prantera 1992; Knapp et al 1976). There is recent evidence of the effect of stress and psychosocial stimuli on the body's immunological mechanisms (Danziger and Kelley 1989; Daruna and Morgan 1990). The central nervous system likely plays a crucial role in the mediation ofthese effects. The process by which environmental signals are converted into physiological responses was termed "transduction" by Weiner (1972; 1982). In his comprehensive review, Weiner (1982) provides many examples and emphasizes the role of hormones, polypeptides and neurotransmitters in these processes. Brain biochemical research is restricted by the practical difficulties of identifying subtle changes in cerebral physiology and evaluating their significance. Research on animals is of inestimable value, and the development of non-invasive metabolic techniques, such as SPECT andPET scanning, will likely expand our horizons in this field. It is hoped that researchers in this sector of biological psychiatry will respond to the challenges of research in what has been described as a very complex field (Steptoe 1991). Identifying the physiological and biochemical factors which precede and determine pathological changes would not only provide a link between environmental stimuli and disease, but may lead to the development of practical methods of preventing and treating these conditions.
Electron microscopy of African swine fever virus hemadsorption

A hemadsorption reaction for African swine fever virus (ASFV) was developed by W. A. Malmquist and D. Hay (Am. J. Vet. Res. 21: 104, 1960), and was later modified by W. R. Hess and D. E. DeTray (Bull. Epizootic Diseases Africa 8:317, 1960), as a diagnostic test for African swine fever. Specific hemadsorption takes place with ASFV-infected swine bone marrow and leukocyte (buffy coat) cell cultures, but hemagglutination is not observed. The present work was carried out with the aid of electron microscopy to determine whether attachment of red cells to the leukocyte required the presence of visible ASFV particles. Micrographs were made of swine leukocytes infected with ASFV to which swine red cells had been hemadsorbed. The hemadsorption complexes were fixed with 3% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's phosphate buffer, postfixed with osmium tetroxide in phosphate buffer (G. Millonig, J. Appl. Phys. 32:1637, 1961), and embedded in Epon (J. H. Luft, J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 9:409, 1961). Sections cut with a glass knife in a Porter-Blum microtome MT-1 and mounted on carbon-coated Formvar screens were examined with an RCA EMU-3G electron microscope. Figure 1 shows a normal swine leukocyte with red blood cells adjacent to, but unattached to, the leukocyte. Figures 2, 3, and 4 show hemadsorption complexes consisting of leukocytes, virus, and red blood cells. Virus replication occurred in the leukocyte in a manner similar to that demonstrated previously in pig kidney cell (S. S. Breese, Jr. and C. J. DeBoer, Virology 28:420, 1966). With hemadsorption, no definite visible virus bridges were seen, but there was a thin electronlucent zone (arrows, Fig. 3) between some red cells and the infected leukocyte. This has been demonstrated by R. F. Baker et al. (Virology 27:441, 1965) for measles virus hemadsorption even though, in their case, no virus was visible in the leukocytes. Hemadsorption by ASFV appears similar to that described for influenza virus by J. E. Hotchin et al. (Virology 6:689, 1958), where attachment may or may not involve virus particles between the red cells and leukocytes.
Factors affecting public private partnerships in urban renewal and development projects

The South African urban renewal and development environments are facing a number of challenges. South Africa, like many countries around the world, is experiencing challenges delivering to its citizens, facilities, infrastructure and services, at a rate fast enough to satisfy the public demand. Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are a possible solution to curbing the disparity between these levels of supply and demand. The field of urban renewal and development is no different in this regard. In fact, urban renewal projects act as an effective measure when gauging the success rate of PPPs within a country. This is due mainly to the sheer size of these projects, which by their very nature, demand a certain involvement from numerous parties. While PPPs may act as an effective aid for government to increase procurement and service delivery, these initiatives are not without their problems, in fact these partnerships are often plagued with much uncertainty. This research aims to provide insight into factors affecting PPPs, both negatively as well as positively, and specific to the area of urban renewal and development. The first stage of the research involved semi-structured interviews that were conducted with industry experts. This allowed for the next stage of research which involved surveying employees in the relevant industry through a structured questionnaire. Based on the findings of this research, as well as knowledge garnered from a review of available literature surrounding this topic, a model was created to provide users with a clear consolidated view of factors affecting PPPs in general and specific to the urban renewal and development sectors. iii DECLARATION I declare that this research report is my own unaided work. It is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration at the Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination in this or any other University.
Equity Hedge Fund Performance, Cross-Sectional Return Dispersion, and Active Share

This study examines several aspects of active portfolio management by equity hedge funds between 1996-2013. Consistent with the idea that cross-sectional return dispersion is a proxy for the market’s available alpha, our results show that equity hedge funds achieve their strongest performance during periods of elevated dispersion. The performance advantage is robust to numerous risk adjustments. Portfolio managers may use the current month’s dispersion to plan the extent to which the following month’s investment approach will be active or passive. We also estimate the active share for equity hedge funds and find an average of 53%. We further document the average annual expense ratio for managing hedge funds’ active share to be about 7%. This figure is remarkably close to active expense ratios reported previously for equity mutual funds, which may be interpreted as evidence of uniform pricing for active portfolio management services.
The conductance underlying the parallel fibre slow EPSP in rat cerebellar Purkinje neurones studied with photolytic release of L‐glutamate

1 Tetanic stimulation of parallel fibres (PFs) produces a slow EPSP (sEPSP) or slow EPSC (sEPSC) in Purkinje neurones (PNs), mediated by type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1). The conductance change underlying the sEPSP was investigated with rapid photolytic release of L‐glutamate from nitroindolinyl (NI)‐caged glutamate with ionotropic glutamate receptors blocked, and showed a slow mGluR1‐activated cation channel. 2 In cerebellar slices rapid photolytic release (t1/2 < 0.7 ms) of 7‐70 μM L‐glutamate on PNs voltage clamped at −65 mV activated first a transient inward current, peaking in 8 ms, followed by a slow inward current with time course similar to the PF sEPSP, peaking at −1 nA in 700 ms. 3 The initial current was inhibited by 300 μM threo‐hydroxyaspartate (THA) and did not reverse as the potential was made positive up to +50 mV, suggesting activation of electrogenic glutamate uptake. 4 The slow current was inhibited reversibly by 1 mM (R,S)‐MCPG or the non‐competitive mGluR1 antagonist CPCCOEt (20 μM), indicating activation of metabotropic type 1 glutamate receptors. The mGluR current was associated with increases of input conductance and membrane current noise, and reversed close to 0 mV, indicating activation of channels permeant to Na+ and K+. 5 The sEPSC was not blocked by Cd2+, Co2+, Mg2+ or Gd3+ ions, by the inhibitor of hyperpolarisation‐activated current (IH) ZD7288, or by the purinoceptor inhibitor PPADS. Activation was not affected by inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC) or protein kinase C (PKC), nor mimicked by photorelease of InsP3 or Ca2+. The results show that mGluR1 in PNs produces a slow activation of cation‐permeable ion channels which is not mediated by PLC activation, Ca2+ release from stores, or via the activation of PKC.
Structured Visual Feature Learning for Classification via Supervised Probabilistic Tensor Factorization

In this paper, structured visual feature learning aims at exploiting the intrinsic structural properties of mutually correlated multimedia collections (e.g., video frames or facial images) to learn a more effective feature representation for multimedia data classification. We pose structured visual feature learning as a problem of supervised tensor factorization (STF), which is capable of effectively learning multi-view visual features from structural tensorial multimedia data. In mathematics, STF is formulated as a joint optimization framework of probabilistic inference and ε-insensitive support vector regression. As a result, the feature representation obtained by STF not only preserves the intrinsic multi-view structural information on tensorial multimedia data, but also includes the discriminative information derived from the max-margin learning process. Using the learned discriminative visual features, we conduct a set of multimedia classification experiments on several challenging datasets, including images and videos, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Informed Trading in the Euro Money Market for Term Lending

I address the role of information heterogeneity in the Euro interbank market for unsecured term lending. I use high-frequency quotes of bid and ask prices to estimate probabilities of informed trading for contract maturities from one month to one year. The dataset spans from November 2000 to March 2008, and includes the relevant events that characterize the developments of the Euro area money market. I obtain four main results. First, I show that the loose supply of liquidity of the ECB has not dampened the distortions arising from asymmetric information in the unsecured money market. I also find that the probability of trading with a better informed bank is higher on days when open market operations take place, and at the end of the maintenance period. This effect has strengthened during the turmoil. The results indicate that information is segmented, in the sense that heterogenous knowledge among banks is maturity-specific. Finally, the paper presents some evidence suggesting that the risk of trading with a counterparty that enjoys an enhanced information set is priced.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF CONSUMER ORIENTED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIOMETRICS SOLUTIONS BY THE CREDIT UNION INDUSTRY

Biometrics systems have been in real world production for close to two decades. There is ample data to measure the success rate of these systems and to determine if the financial industry is widely adopting them and accepting the cost of these solutions. This research seeks to clarify whether or not it is likely that consumer oriented biometrics solutions will be widely funded and adopted by the Credit Union (CU) industry. The conclusion is that without catalysts such as firm regulatory requirements and industry standards, it may be fair to assume that consumer oriented biometrics lack sufficient business drivers to increase their use by CUs in the near future. However, CU managers must continue to monitor developments of biometrics solutions applications both within and outside the financial sector for opportunities to take advantage of the technology, rather than just deal with it, if required.
Adrenomedullin Promotes Rat Trophoblast Stem Cell Differentiation1

ABSTRACT Accumulating data suggest that adrenomedullin (ADM) regulates the trophoblast cell growth, migration, and invasion. However, the effect of ADM on trophoblast differentiation is poorly understood. In this study, we hypothesized that ADM promotes the differentiation of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) into trophoblast giant cells (TGCs). Using rat TSCs, Rcho-1 cells, we investigated the effect of ADM on TSC differentiation into TGCs in differentiation or stem cell media, respectively, and explored the effect of ADM on the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) signaling in trophoblast cell differentiation. The results include: 1) in the presence of differentiation medium, 10−7 M ADM, but not lower doses, elevated (P < 0.05) Prl3b1/Esrrb (i.e., the ratio of mRNA levels) by 1.7-fold compared to that in control; 2) the supplementation of ADM antagonist, regardless of the concentration of ADM, reduced (P < 0.05) Prl3b1/Esrrb by 2-fold, compared to control group, while the supplementation of CGRP antagonist, regardless of the concentration of ADM, did not change Prl3b1/Esrrb; 3) in the presence of stem cell medium, ADM did not alter the expression of TSC and TGC marker genes, however, the ratio of Prl3b1/Esrrb was reduced (P < 0.05) by ADM antagonist compared to that in control; and 4) ADM increased (P < 0.05) phosphorylated MTOR proteins and the ratio of phosphorylated to total MTOR proteins by 2.0- and 1.7-fold, respectively. The results indicate that ADM promotes but does not induce the differentiation of TSCs to TGCs in a dose-dependent manner and MTOR signaling may play a role in this process.
Telerehabilitation via a mobile robot

Teleoperated from a distant location, a mobile robot with some autonomous capabilities can become a beneficial tool in telerehabilitation applications. Safety being of prime concern in such settings, we took special care in coming up with the proper teleoperation interfaces that can provide pertinent information about the system states and conditions (objects, persons, free space, data, etc.) in conjunction with an efficient control system. In order to enhancement operatorpsilas performances we tested our new robot with three modalities of visual information presentation in the teleoperation interfaces, with the use of virtual reality for operator interfaces, in a setup reproducing home like environment.
Distributed hierarchical control architecture for transient dynamics improvement in power systems

Summary form only given. In this paper, a novel distributed hierarchical control architecture is proposed for large-scale power systems. The newly proposed architecture facilitates faster and more accurate frequency restoration during primary frequency control, by providing decentralized robust control to several selected pilot generators in each area. At the local level, these decentralized robust controllers are designed to quickly damp scillations and restore frequency after large faults and disturbances in the system. Incorporating this supplementary governor control helps the system reach the nominal frequency without necessarily requiring secondary frequency control. Thus, at the area level, automatic generation control (AGC) actions are alleviated in terms of conducting frequency restoration. Moreover, at the area level, AGC coordinates with the decentralized robust controllers to successfully perform tie-line power balancing, while efficiently damping low-frequency inter-area oscillations. The interaction of local and area controllers is validated through detailed simulations.
RNN-based labeled data generation for spoken language understanding

In spoken language understanding, getting manually labeled data such as domain, intent and slot labels is usually required for training classiﬁers. Starting with some manually labeled data, we propose a data generation approach to augment the training set with synthetic data sampled from a joint distribution between an input query and an output label. We propose using a recurrent neural network to model the joint distribution and sample synthetic data for classiﬁer training. Evaluated on ATIS and live logs of Cortana, a Microsoft voice personal assistant, we showed consistent performance improvement on domain classiﬁcation, intent classiﬁcation, and slot tagging on multiple languages.
Patient radiation exposure during carotid artery stenting

Objectives The main purpose of this study was to document the radiation doses to patients during carotid stenting. Material and method Fluoroscopy and exposure time, air kerma and dose-area product during carotid artery stenting in 160 patients were retrospectively reviewed with regard to body mass index, degree of stenosis and use of cerebral protection devices. Results Total air kerma was lower than 0.5 Gy in 80%, 0.5–1 Gy in 17% and higher than 1 Gy (maximum 1.2) in 3% of patients. Mean total dose-area product value for carotid stenting was 54 Gy cm2. The mean air kerma (fluoroscopy), air kerma (exposure), total air kerma and dose-area product (fluoroscopy), dose-area product (exposure), total dose-area product of patients with body mass index within the range 25–29.9 and with body mass index >30 were significantly increased compared to that of patients with body mass index 18–24.9 (H = 40.2, df = 2; p = 0.0000001 and p = 0.000003, respectively). Conclusion Carotid artery stenting is a relatively safe radiological procedure in terms of the radiation dose acquired by the patient. The main factors contributing to possible radiation overdosing are body mass index value and complexity of the carotid lesion. Proper preoperative planning in obese and complicated patients may reduce the fluoroscopy time and contribute to reduced dose acquisition.
Employee retention: Job embeddedness in the hospitality industry

This Conference Paper is brought to you by the Bond Business School at ePublications@bond. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bond Business School Publications by an authorized administrator of ePublications@bond. For more information, please contact Bond University's Repository Coordinator. Recommended Citation Laurina Yam and Mike Raybould. (2011) "Employee retention: Job embeddedness in the hospitality industry" 9th APacCHRIE Conference. Hospitality and tourism education: From a vision to an icon. Hong Kong.Jun. 2011.
Breakthrough Technologies Wounding Stimulates the Accumulation of Glycerolipids Containing Oxophytodienoic Acid and Dinor-Oxophytodienoic Acid in Arabidopsis Leaves 1 [ W ]

Although oxylipins can be synthesized from free fatty acids, recent evidence suggests that oxylipins are components of plastidlocalized polar complex lipids in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Using a combination of electrospray ionization (ESI) collisionally induced dissociation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) to identify acyl chains, ESI triple-quadrupole (Q) MS in the precursor mode to identify the nominal masses of complex polar lipids containing each acyl chain, and ESI Q-time-offlight MS to confirm the identifications of the complex polar lipid species, 17 species of oxylipin-containing phosphatidylglycerols, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG), and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG) were identified. The oxylipins of these polar complex lipid species include oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA), dinor-OPDA (dnOPDA), 18-carbon ketol acids, and 16-carbon ketol acids. Using ESI triple-Q MS in the precursor mode, the accumulation of five OPDAand/or dnOPDAcontaining MGDG and two OPDA-containing DGDG species were monitored as a function of time in mechanically wounded leaves. In unwounded leaves, the levels of these oxylipin-containing complex lipid species were low, between 0.001 and 0.023 nmol/mg dry weight. However, within the first 15 min after wounding, the levels of OPDA-dnOPDA MGDG, OPDA-OPDA MGDG, and OPDA-OPDA DGDG, each containing two oxylipin chains, increased 200to 1,000-fold. In contrast, levels of OPDA-hexadecatrienoic acid MGDG, linolenic acid (18:3)-dnOPDA MGDG, OPDA-18:3 MGDG, and OPDA-18:3 DGDG, each containing a single oxylipin chain, rose 2to 9-fold. The rapid accumulation of high levels of galactolipid species containing OPDA-OPDA and OPDA-dnOPDA in wounded leaves is consistent with these lipids being the primary products of plastidic oxylipin biosynthesis.
Hydrodynamics and bioprocess considerations in designing bioreactors for cardiac tissue engineering

One of the most attractive fields in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is cardiac cell regeneration due to the limited capacity of the heart muscle to regenerate itself. Recent advances in the field of stem cell bioprocess technology and biomaterials have accelerated progress in creating three-dimensional (3D) cardiac engineered tissues in vitro. Control of bulk and microscopic transport efficiency, which is determined by the choice of the bioreactor design and substrate material, poses direct influence on cell viability, proliferation and differentiation in vitro. This paper provides a critical review on the hydrodynamic considerations with respect to design aspects of the bioreactor and selection of substrate material for 3D cardiac tissue engineering.
MALIGNANT MELANOMA IN SITU: THE FLAT, CURABLE STAGE OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA

Malignant melanoma can be diagnosed clinically and histologically when it is small, flat, and confined to the epidermis. The criteria for the diagnosis are described. The application of these criteria can lead to simple excision of the lesion and the prevention of the malignant melanoma from evolving into a neoplasm with the potential for metastasis.