Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating Self-Referral for Mammography into Organised Screening: Results from an Italian Experience

Accepted for publication 26 Morch 2003 Objective: To compare self-referred screenees with respondents to invitation for main performance indicators of mammography screening. Setting: First round of an organised, population-based screening programme in six districts of northern Italy. Methods: The screening test was a two-view mammography. Eligible women aged 50--69 years were invited. Self-referred attendees were accepted if they were eligible for screening and had not yet been invited or had been invited >6 months before presentation. Age-specific performance indicators were compared with the calculation of their ratio and 95% confidence intervals (Cis). Total ratios were agestandardised. In situcarcinomas were excluded. Results: The eligible population was 183 542 women. There were 112 188 respondents to invitation and 20 280 self-referred attendees. Self-referral rate was inversely related to age. Performance indicators were as follows: recall rate, 5.6% for self-referred attendees vs 5.5% for respondents (ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.08); total aspiration cytology rate, 37.3% vs 28.3% (1.37, 1.24 to 1.51); biopsy rate, 17.0 vs 12.6 xl 000 (1.51, 1.35 to 1.67); total detection rate, 10.7 vs 7.5 x 1000 (1.70, 1.48 to 1.94); detection rate of pTl carcinoma, 7.0 vs 6.1 x 1000 (1.35, 1.14 to 1.59); detection rate of pT2-4 carcinoma, 3.5 vs 1.2 x 1000 (3.51, 2.75 to 4.43); false-positive rate, 4.5% vs 4.7% (0.93, 0.87 to 0.99); positive predictive value (PPY) of mammography, 19.1 % vs 13.5% (1.59, 1.39 to 1.82); PPY of biopsy, 63.7% vs 60.6% (1.13, 0.98 to 1.29); detected:expected ratio, 5.02 vs 3.37 (1.49, 1.28 to 1.74). All differences were more pronounced among or restricted to women aged 50-54 years. Conclusions: Self-referred screenees were similar to respondents to invitation in main indicators of screening feasibility such as recall rate and PPY of biopsy, while showing important increases in detection rates and detected:expected ratios, especially among women aged 50-54 years.
Just Food: Obesity Trends Demand System Strategies

Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Without consistent access to healthy foods and clean water, individuals and societies cannot thrive or survive. Abstract: Food and health are at the core of human existence and serve as common indicators of economic and social well-being. The simultaneous escalation in obesity rates and evidence of a food system marked by a lack of access and sustainability suggest the need for comprehensive systematic approaches to understanding, evaluating, and transforming both these complex and interrelated entities. This article reviews obesity trends and food system forces that may contribute to excessive caloric intake and food inequality. Given that obesity and food insecurity share many of the same etiologies, comprehensive evidencebased strategies designed to address shared causes may leverage the impact of shared solutions. The potential benefits of promoting healthy sustainable food systems to build healthy just communities are briefly explored to encourage more in-depth discussion.
Expanding Nursing Perspectives on Loss and Grieving

and grieving are moving away from linear stage models toward an understanding of grieving as a process of meaning reconstruction (Neimeyer, 2001). However, nursing literature on this subject still commonly emphasizes normative aspects of grieving, as was also observed by Cowles and Rodgers (1991) some time ago. Since these authors attempted to clarify the concept of grieving for nursing, little more has been done to develop knowledge about grieving from the perspective of nursing theories. An exception to this paucity in the nursing literature is the small but growing body of research and theoretical work conducted from a unitary perspective (Malinski, 2006). For example, Todaro-Francesschi (2006) has explored synchronicity with dead loved ones through the lens of the science of unitary human beings, and there are five studies on grieving situated within the humanbecoming school of thought (Pilkington, 2006). In addition, a different view, situated in the totality paradigm, was presented by Reed (2003), who conceptualized grieving within the Neuman (1995) systems model. In this column, Florczak makes a welcome contribution to the nursing literature on grieving with a unique conceptualization of grieving a loss that was created using Parse’s (1997) concept inventing process. Florczak’s conceptualization represents a creative synthesis of her reflection on personal experiences of loss with ideas from classical and theoretical literature on loss and grieving and the principles and concepts of the humanbecoming theory (Parse, 1998, 2007). Her conceptualization adds nuances to the paradoxical pattern of connecting-separating that was previously identified through heuristic interpretation in the five humanbecoming research studies on grieving (Pilkington, 2006). Floczak posits that the sorrow of loss persists whether in the fore or ground, although the meaning of the loss is everchanging in the process of cotranscending with the possibles. Floczak points to the need for further research using Parse’s (1998) research method to continue expanding knowledge and understanding about the lived experience of grieving a loss. Indeed, there is still much room for new knowledge concerning loss and grieving framed in extant nursing theoretical perspectives. Such knowledge would help to explicate nursing’s disciplinary contribution to healthcare and would inform nursing practice with persons and families experiencing loss and grieving. Editor’s Note: Send comments, reflective responses, suggestions, or query letters about ideas for this column to F. Beryl Pilkington, RN, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Nursing, York University, Room 408, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3; phone: (416) 736-2100, ext. 30697; fax: (416) 736-5714; e-mail: bpilking@yorku.ca
Health Impact of Alcohol Consumption Behavior in the Lower Northern Region of Thailand (ผลกระทบต่อสุขภาพจากพฤติกรรมบริโภคอัลกอฮอล์ในภาคเหนือตอนล่างของประเทศไทย)

The purpose of this study was to explore the health impact of alcohol consumption behavior in the lower northern region of Thailand. This study was a matched-pair case-control study at the ratio of 1:2. The variables that have been matched were sex and age. Questionnaires were used as a tool for data collection. Data was analysed by descriptive analysis, odds ratio, and chi-square. It was found that drinkers were 216 times more likely to suffer from alcohol related diseases than non-drinkers (OR 216.00, 95% CI 82.47-565.72), 19 times more likely to suffer from alcoholic gastritis (OR 19.51, 95% CI 4.39-86.77), 43 times more likely to suffer from liver cirrhosis (OR 43.56, 95% CI 17.61-107.72) and 11 times more likely to suffer from alcoholic liver cirrhosis than non-drinkers (OR 11.36, 95% CI 2.44-52.94) with a statistical significance of 0.01. Key words: health impact, alcohol consumption behavior
A Comprehensive Video Codec Comparison

In this paper, we compare the video codecs AV1 (version 1.0.0-2242 from August 2019), HEVC (HM and x265), AVC (x264), the exploration software JEM which is based on HEVC, and the VVC (successor of HEVC) test model VTM (version 4.0 from February 2019) under two fair and balanced configurations: All Intra for the assessment of intra coding and Maximum Coding Efficiency with all codecs being tuned for their best coding efficiency settings. VTM achieves the highest coding efficiency in both configurations, followed by JEM and AV1. The worst coding efficiency is achieved by x264 and x265, even in the placebo preset for highest coding efficiency. AV1 gained a lot in terms of coding efficiency compared to previous versions and now outperforms HM by 24% BD-Rate gains. VTM gains 5% over AV1 in terms of BD-Rates. By reporting separate numbers for JVET and AOM test sequences, it is ensured that no bias in the test sequences exists. When comparing only intra coding tools, it is observed that the complexity increases exponentially for linearly increasing coding efficiency.
One-pot synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4,5-diones based on the reaction of N-(1-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-2-oxo-2-arylethyl)acetamide with amines

The condensation of primary amines with N-(1-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-2-oxo-2-arylethyl)acetamides was explored. Thus, a previously unknown recyclization of the starting material was observed in acidic ethanol in the presence of an amine, which provided the corresponding dihydropyrrolone derivative as the major reaction product. Based on this transformation, a practical and convenient one-pot synthetic method for substituted pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-ones could be devised.
Assessing the Appeal of Instagram Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquid Promotions and Warnings Among Young Adults: Mixed Methods Focus Group Study

Background While marketing for electronic cigarette refill liquids (e-liquids) is widespread on Instagram, little is known about the post elements that create appeal among young adult Instagram users. Further information is needed to help shape regulatory strategies appropriate for social media. Objective This study examined young adult Instagram user perceptions of actual e-liquid marketing posts and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–mandated nicotine addiction warning statements on Instagram. Methods A series of 12 focus groups (n=69) were held with non–tobacco users, vapers, smokers, and dual users in Wisconsin between September and December 2018. Participants discussed the elements of posts that they found appealing or unappealing, in addition to completing a survey about each post and e-liquid. Focus group transcripts were analyzed by smoking status using a framework analysis approach. Results Although willingness to try e-liquids was highest among nicotine users, focus group discussions indicated that Instagram posts promoting e-liquids held appeal for individuals across smoking statuses. The primary elements that created appeal were the perceived trustworthiness of the Instagram account, attractive design and flavor visuals, and promotion of flavors and nicotine levels that met personal preferences. Post appeal was reduced by references to vaping subcultures, indicators that the post creator did not take nicotine addiction seriously, and FDA-mandated nicotine warning statements. Non–tobacco users were particularly drawn to posts featuring nicotine-free e-liquids with attractive visual designs and flavors known from foods. Conclusions Young adults consider a broad range of elements in assessing the appeal of e-liquid marketing on Instagram, with minor but notable distinctions by smoking status. Non–tobacco users are uniquely drawn to nicotine-free e-liquids and are more deterred by the FDA’s mandated nicotine addiction warning statements than those from other smoking statuses. This suggests that it may be possible to tailor policy interventions in a manner that helps to reduce novel uptake of vaping without significantly diminishing its potential harm-reduction benefits.
Virucidal effects of various agents-including protease-against koi herpesvirus and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus.

In a search for alternative, environmentally friendly and effective disinfecting agents, a commercially available protease-Neutrase® -was tested in this work for inactivation of koi herpesvirus (KHV) and of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). For comparison, the stability of these viral pathogens in similar configurations at various pH values and concentrations of peracetic acid or quicklime, typically used for disinfection, was tested. Therefore, virus suspensions were incubated with various concentrations of different agents for 24 hr and the titre of the remaining infectious particles was determined by virus titration. Furthermore, the treatment of both viruses, with the agents at concentrations that were previously appointed as effective, was also examined in the presence of solid material (quartz sand). All procedures investigated in this study, including the protease treatment, were able to reduce the titre of KHV and VHSV below the detection limit of the titration. Although further studies are necessary, this is the first report of the application of a protease for the inactivation of the selected fish pathogens, demonstrating the great potential of the latter for disinfection.
Transmission Modeling with Regression Adjustment for Analyzing Household-based Studies of Infectious Disease

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Household contacts of people infected with a transmissible disease may be at risk due to this proximate exposure, or from other unobserved sources. Understanding variation in infection risk is essential for targeting interventions. Methods: We develop an analytical approach to estimate household and exogenous forces of infection, while accounting for individual-level characteristics that affect susceptibility to disease and transmissibility. We apply this approach to a cohort study conducted in Lima, Peru, of 18,544 subjects in 4,500 households with at least one active tuberculosis (TB) case and compare the results to those obtained by Poisson and logistic regression. Results: HIV-coinfected (susceptibility hazard ratio [SHR] = 3.80, 1.56–9.29), child (SHR = 1.72, 1.32–2.23), and teenage (SHR = 2.00, 1.49–2.68) household contacts of TB cases experience a higher hazard of TB than do adult contacts. Isoniazid preventive therapy (SHR = 0.30, 0.21–0.42) and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination (SHR = 0.66, 0.51–0.86) reduce the risk of disease among household contacts. TB cases without microbiological confirmation exert a smaller hazard of TB among their close contacts compared with smear- or culture-positive cases (excess hazard ratio = 0.88, 0.82–0.93 for HIV− cases and 0.82, 0.57–0.94 for HIV+ cases). The extra household force of infection results in 0.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.004, 0.028) TB cases per susceptible household contact per year and the rate of transmission between a microbiologically confirmed TB case and susceptible household contact at 0.08 (95% CI = 0.045, 0.129) TB cases per pair per year. Conclusions: Accounting for exposure to infected household contacts permits estimation of risk factors for disease susceptibility and transmissibility and comparison of within-household and exogenous forces of infection.
Co-expression of EGFR and MET has a synergistic effect on the prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to elucidate the correlation between gene amplification, protein expression of receptor tyrosine kinase, and prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and next-generation sequencing data. METHODS We evaluated data pertaining to 208 patients with OSCC using IHC for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET). RESULTS High expressions of EGFR and MET were detected in 60 and 41 patients, respectively. We evaluated the association of clinicopathological variables with high expressions of EGFR and/or MET. Distant metastasis was found in 9 of 41 patients (22.0%) and 6 of 15 patients (40.0%) with high expression of MET and high co-expressions of EGFR and MET, respectively; statistically significant differences were detected in both high expression of MET (P = 0.003) and high co-expressions of EGFR and MET (P = 3.41×10-5 ). The cumulative 5-year survival rate of patients with high and low expressions of EGFR or MET was approximately 65% and 85%, respectively. Conversely, among cases with high expressions of EGFR or MET, there was no additional decrease in the survival rate of patients harboring TP53 mutations. Moreover, the survival rate of patients with high co-expression of both EGFR and MET was very poor (22.0%) (P < 1.0×10-9 ). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that evaluation of protein expressions of EGFR and MET may facilitate prognostic assessment of patients with OSCC; in addition, patients with OSCC should be screened for enrollment in clinical trials of combination therapy with EGFR and MET inhibitors.
A population-based study of cardiovascular disease mortality risk in US cancer patients.

AIMS This observational study characterized cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk for multiple cancer sites, with respect to the following: (i) continuous calendar year, (ii) age at diagnosis, and (iii) follow-up time after diagnosis. METHODS AND RESULTS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program was used to compare the US general population to 3 234 256 US cancer survivors (1973-2012). Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using coded cause of death from CVDs (heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and aortic aneurysm/dissection). Analyses were adjusted by age, race, and sex. Among 28 cancer types, 1 228 328 patients (38.0%) died from cancer and 365 689 patients (11.3%) died from CVDs. Among CVDs, 76.3% of deaths were due to heart disease. In eight cancer sites, CVD mortality risk surpassed index-cancer mortality risk in at least one calendar year. Cardiovascular disease mortality risk was highest in survivors diagnosed at <35 years of age. Further, CVD mortality risk is highest (SMR 3.93, 95% confidence interval 3.89-3.97) within the first year after cancer diagnosis, and CVD mortality risk remains elevated throughout follow-up compared to the general population. CONCLUSION The majority of deaths from CVD occur in patients diagnosed with breast, prostate, or bladder cancer. We observed that from the point of cancer diagnosis forward into survivorship cancer patients (all sites) are at elevated risk of dying from CVDs compared to the general US population. In endometrial cancer, the first year after diagnosis poses a very high risk of dying from CVDs, supporting early involvement of cardiologists in such patients.
Changes in Chemical Composition of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) RTS of cv. Kesar as Influenced by Different per cent of Syrup Concentrations and Storage Periods

An investigation was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Raichur, Karnataka during the year 2010-11 to investigate the changes in chemical composition of pomegranate cv. Kesaer. The data were analyzed by using completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Maximum TSS was recorded in T5, T6, T11 and T12 (each treatment having 14° B TSS). The minimum TSS was recorded in T1, T2, T7, and T8 (each treatment having 10°B TSS). Similar trend was observed one and two MAS of pomegranate RTS. At end of the three months of storage T6 (10 per cent Juice, 14 °B TSS and sodium benzoate 500 ppm) recorded maximum TSS i.e. 14.42 °B followed by T12 (14.40°B), T5 (14.37 °B) and T11 (14.36 °B). The maximum acidity (0.26%) was recorded in T5 (10% Juice, 14 °B TSS and without sodium benzoate). After three months of storage of RTS, the maximum sugar: acid ratio was registered in T6 (10% juice, 14°B TSS and sodium benzoate 500ppm) 49.45 and was found on par with T11 (48.95), T4 (48.80), T10 (48.54) and T8 (48.52).
A meta-analysis of the relationship between paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms and cancer

Abstract Some previous studies already explored associations between paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms and cancer, with conflicting findings. Here, we aimed to better analyse the relationship between PON1 polymorphisms and cancer in a larger combined population by performing a meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for related articles. We calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate whether there are genetic associations between PON1 polymorphisms and cancer. Forty studies were included for this meta-analysis. The PON1 rs854560 polymorphism (L55M) was found to be significantly associated with cancer in general population (dominant comparison: p = .04, OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.73–0.99; recessive comparison: p = .007, OR = 1.27, 95%CI 1.07–1.51; allele comparison: p = 0.02, OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.75–0.97). Subgroup analyses indicated that the significant findings were mainly driven by the haematological tumours and breast cancer subgroups. We did not observe any positive findings for PON1 rs662 polymorphism (Q192R) in combined analyses. In summary, this meta-analysis proved that PON1 rs854560 polymorphism could be used to identify individual with elevated susceptibility to cancer, especially for haematological tumours and breast cancer.
Implementation of home-based international normalized ratio testing in adult patients treated with warfarin

ABSTRACT Background and local problem: Patients who take warfarin require frequent testing of their international normalized ratio (INR) level to ensure accurate dosage. Frequent testing can be inconvenient for patients in rural settings, the workforce, the homebound, or those who travel. Patients who have a home INR monitor can test their blood remotely. Methods: To circumvent barriers to INR testing, a quality improvement project was designed to implement home INR testing in an anticoagulation clinic setting. Interventions: Patients who received a home INR monitor were compared against two usual care testing arms (laboratory and clinic testing patients) in the outcomes of time in therapeutic range (TTR), adverse events, and patient satisfaction using the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS). Results: The DASS survey demonstrated the home testing patients had a statistically significant advantage over the clinic testing group in the subdomain of hassles and burdens (p = .048), as well as the lowest overall scores (indicating highest satisfaction) over the clinic testing group (p = .041). No patients in the home testing group had clotting or bleeding issues necessitating hospital admission. There were no significant differences between groups in the TTR analysis (laboratory 70.8%, home 68.9%, and clinic 64.5%) (p = .683). Conclusions: Home INR testing provides convenience for patients and reduces the hassles and burdens of warfarin management, leading to improved satisfaction. This engagement in self-care translates to reduced adverse events. Home INR testing can be used in warfarin patients who are highly motivated and willing to engage in their care.
Best evidence for advance care planning in older adults with dementia and their families: an umbrella review protocol.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to summarize current best evidence for advance care planning in older adults with dementia and their families. INTRODUCTION Contemporary end of life care cannot be fully achieved without high quality advance care planning practice, which facilitates the expression of patient preferences for treatment if they lose the capacity to decide or communicate their wishes. However, advance care planning for people experiencing dementia can be highly complex and requires additional knowledge and skills. Improving advance care planning for this vulnerable patient group is an urgent matter. INCLUSION CRITERIA The review will include systematic reviews of quantitative, qualitative and mixed method studies examining advance care planning for older adults with dementia and their families, published from 2000. METHODS Published and unpublished reviews will be identified from searches of the major international databases and relevant databases for gray literature, respectively. Two independent reviewers will conduct screening, critical appraisal and data extraction for included studies. The extracted data will include specific details about the study characteristics (e.g. setting/context, participants, and the intervention/phenomena of interest), quantitative results (including heterogeneity) and qualitative findings relevant to the review. Results of systematic reviews will be presented in tabular format and accompanied by narrative synthesis. Qualitative results will include the overall synthesis of findings. Overlap of original research studies of any design across multiple systematic reviews will be clearly identified.