Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An RGBN Benchmark

A variety of algorithms in both computer vision and graphics use datasets of an object or scene captured with fixed camera but varying illumination. Evaluating these algorithms is frequently challenging because of the lack of ground truth on the one hand, and insufficiently realistic and varied synthetic datasets on the other. In this work, we present a synthetic benchmark for applications such as photometric stereo, and justify it by comparing to real-life objects and their rendered models. Additionally, we introduce a system that allows the user to create scenes by combining arbitrary 3D models, materials, and light configurations. The system outputs physically-based renderings as well as dense ground-truth maps of quantities such as normals, height map, BRDF specifications, and albedo. We present a number of synthetic datasets which will be available online, and we provide a few photometric datasets of real-life objects. Our work demonstrates that real objects can be simulated well enough so that the conclusions about accuracy drawn from our synthetic datasets match those based on real objects. The paper also demonstrates a use case for this RGBN benchmark: the evaluation of photometric stereo algorithms. We present a taxonomy of photometric stereo techniques, investigate the causes of errors in several of them, and propose a photometric stereo variant that iteratively estimates shadowing.
Ubiquitin Is Required for Sorting to the Vacuole of the Yeast General Amino Acid Permease, Gap1*

In yeast, ubiquitin plays a central role in proteolysis of a multitude of proteins and serves also as a signal for endocytosis of many plasma membrane proteins. We showed previously that ubiquitination of the general amino acid permease (Gap1) is essential to its endocytosis followed by vacuolar degradation. These processes occur when NH 4 + , a preferential source of nitrogen, is added to cells growing on proline or urea,i.e. less favored nitrogen sources. In this study, we show that Gap1 is ubiquitinated on two lysine residues in the cytosolic N terminus (positions 9 and 16). A mutant Gap1 in which both lysines are mutated (Gap1K9K16) remains fully stable at the plasma membrane after NH 4 + addition. Furthermore, each of the two lysines harbors a poly-ubiquitin chain in which ubiquitin is linked to the lysine 63 of the preceding ubiquitin. The Gap1K9 and Gap1K16 mutants, in which a single lysine is mutated, are down-regulated in response to NH 4 + although more slowly. In proline-grown cells lacking Npr1, a protein kinase involved in the control of Gap1 trafficking, newly synthesized Gap1 is sorted from the Golgi to the vacuole without passing through the plasma membrane (accompanying article, De Craene, J.-O., Soetens, O., and André, B. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 43939–43948). We show here that ubiquitination of Gap1 is also required for this direct sorting to the vacuole. In an npr1Δ mutant, neosynthesized Gap1K9K16 is rerouted to and accumulates at the plasma membrane. Finally, Bul1 and Bul2, two proteins interacting with Npi1/Rsp5, are essential to ubiquitination and down-regulation of cell-surface Gap1, as well as to sorting of neosynthesized Gap1 to the vacuole, as occurs in an npr1Δ mutant. Our results reveal a novel role of ubiquitin in the control of Gap1 trafficking,i.e. direct sorting from the late secretory pathway to the vacuole. This result reinforces the growing evidence that ubiquitin plays an important role not only in internalization of plasma membrane proteins but also in their sorting in the endosomes and/ortrans-Golgi.
MAGNETIC CYCLES IN GLOBAL LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS OF SOLAR CONVECTION

We report on a global magnetohydrodynamical simulation of the solar convection zone, which succeeds in generating a large-scale axisymmetric magnetic component, antisymmetric about the equatorial plane and undergoing regular polarity reversals on decadal timescales. We focus on a specific simulation run covering 255 years, during which 8 polarity reversals are observed, with a mean period of 30 years. Time–latitude slices of the zonally averaged toroidal magnetic component at the base of the convecting envelope show a well-organized toroidal flux system building up in each solar hemisphere, peaking at mid-latitudes and migrating toward the equator in the course of each cycle, in remarkable agreement with inferences based on the sunspot butterfly diagram. The simulation also produces a large-scale dipole moment, varying in phase with the internal toroidal component, suggesting that the simulation may be operating as what is known in mean-field theory as an αΩ dynamo.
Christian Systematic Theology and Life Elsewhere in the Universe: A Study in Suitability

ABSTRACT Christian theologians have considered the significance of life elsewhere in the cosmos since the fifteenth century, but the brevity of these discussions calls for greater theological precision: the notion of multiple incarnations, for example, is often explored without reference to the detail of Christological formulations. Attention to the logical mode in which such work is set out is also fruitful, where the scholastic category of suitability or fittingness holds particular promise. As suitable, God’s actions are free and yet congruent, being consistent with the divine nature, with creaturely natures, and with the ends of God’s dealings with creatures.
Buschke–Ollendorff Syndrome: Three Generations in a Japanese Family

Abstract: Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by disseminated connective tissue nevi of elastic type and osteopoikilosis. We report a 6‐year‐old Japanese boy with connective tissue nevi that showed slightly grouped yellowish or skin‐colored papules and nodules, distributed from birth over his right thigh, right buttock, and back. Radiologic skeletal survey revealed osteopoikilosis. A skin biopsy specimen obtained from a papule showed that collagen bundles in the dermis were thickened and homogenized. The elastic fibers were not increased but were coarse and clumped. The boy's father, at age 34, has had osteopoikilosis and similar papules and nodules on his left buttock and back for the preceding 18 years. We studied the paternal grandfather, aged 65. He had osteopoikilosis and similar skin lesions on his lumbar region. None of the three had a history of hearing loss or malignant tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first report of three generations of Buschke–Ollendorf syndrome in a Japanese family.
SWARM — Providing 1 MW FCR power with residential PV-battery energy storage — Simulation and empiric validation

This paper presents the validation of a rule-based control strategy trying to maximize the self-consumption of PV-converted power and providing frequency containment reserve power at the same time with a battery energy storage system placed in a residential household with roof-top PV-plant. The single model of a residential household is integrated in a simulation model of a virtual battery energy storage system for providing 1 MW frequency containment reserve power composed of 65 centrally coordinated battery energy storage systems with a local rule-based control strategy. We decided to set up a simulation model to be able to realize a high time-resolution. For its validation we set up an optimization model to compare simulation and optimization results. In conclusion, the comparison shows differences of optimization and simulation, but no inexplicable differences. Thus, the validation underlines the successful modeling of the virtual battery energy storage system.
Anatomy of the Serotonergic System a

The serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptaminergic, 5-HT) system is one of the diffusively organized projection systems of the brain. Although the presence of serotonin itself was demonstrated in the brain more than thirty years ago’,* the full description of its neuronal localization and projections has only become possible with the availability of the histoflu~rescence’~~ and immunohistochemical’ techniques. Indeed it was only by the use of antibodies against serotonin that the detailed anatomy and topography of the serotonergic cells and their projections throughout the brain could be described. Therefore, the description of the 5-HT system below is based entirely on immunohistochemical data although some reference is made to other anatomical observations based on traditional neurohistological and histochemical techniques. The 5-HT system consists of a morphologically diverse group of neurons the cell bodies of which are located in the brainstem raphe nuclei and some regions of the reticular formation, and complex axonal systems which innervate virtually all regions of the central nervous system, but with particular density the cerebral cortex, limbic structures, basal ganglia, many regions of the brainstem and the gray matter of the spinal cord. ’-’’ This review discusses, from a structural as well as hodological viewpoint, the organizational principles of the 5-HT system. Since several detailed reviews are available on the serotonergic system, the repetition of all data is largely avoided. Rather, a more salient description of the general features of the brainstem 5-HT neurons and their terminal fields is attempted. All investigators of the mammalian brain have agreed on the finding that the 5-HT system consists of two distinct subdivisions: a rostral division, with cell bodies localized in the midbrain and rostral pons and providing projections to the forebrain, and a caudal division, located primarily in the medulla oblongata, with major descending projections directed principally to the spinal cord. ”. ” Target areas within the brainstem itself and in the cerebellum are shared by these two divisions. The description given below is in part based on original experimental material (with particular reference to the human brain) prepared to illustrate the general morphology of the serotonergic neurons. For this reason, a brief description of the methodology used in our laboratory for the demonstration of the 5-HT neurons is given below.
Efficient parameterized matching using burrows-wheeler transform

Two strings P[1, . , m] and T[1, . , n] with m≤n, are said to be parameterized match, if one can be transformed into the other via some bijective mapping. It is used in software maintenance, plagiarism detection and detecting isomorphism in a graph. In recent year, Directed Acyclic Word Graph (DAWG). Backward DAWG Matching (BDM) algorithm for exact string matching has been combined with compressed indexing technique: Burrows Wheeler Transform (BWT), to achieve less search time and small space. In this paper, we develop a new efficient Parameterized Burrows Wheeler Transform (PBWT) matching algorithm using the concept of BWT indexing technique. The proposed algorithm requires less space as compared to existing parameterized suffix tree based algorithm.
When Bad Was Good.

The article highlights the art exhibition in Manhattan, New York showcasing the works of various artists including those of Duncan Hannah, who became popular for his nostalgia-ridden figurative paintings that take their inspiration from 1830s England. Other works of art were created by Tom Otterness and Peter Hujar among others.
Temporal lobe grey matter volume in schizophrenia is associated with a genetic polymorphism influencing glycogen synthase kinase 3‐β activity

At the crossroad of multiple pathways regulating trophism and metabolism, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3 is considered a key factor in influencing the susceptibility of neurons to harmful stimuli (neuronal resilience) and is a target for several psychiatric drugs that directly inhibit it or increase its inhibitory phosphorylation. Inhibition of GSK3 prevents apoptosis and could protect against the neuropathological processes associated with psychiatric disorders. A GSK3‐βpromoter single‐nucleotide polymorphism (rs334558) influences transcriptional strength, and the less active form was associated with less detrimental clinical features of mood disorders. Here we studied the effect of rs334558 on grey matter volumes (voxel‐based morphometry) of 57 patients affected by chronic schizophrenia. Carriers of the less active C allele variant showed significantly higher brain volumes in an area encompassing posterior regions of right middle and superior temporal gyrus, within the boundaries of Brodmann area 21. The temporal lobe is the brain parenchymal region with the most consistently documented morphometric abnormalities in schizophrenia, and neuropathological processes in these regions develop soon at the beginning of the illness. These results support the interest for GSK3‐βas a factor affecting neuropathology in major behavioural disorders, such as schizophrenia, and thus as a possible target for treatment.
Contribución del ordenamiento magnético a la estabilidad y la estructura electrónica del nitruro de cromo

El efecto de la imposicion del ordenamiento magneticos en la estabilidad y la estructura electronica en fases solidas de nitruro de cromo (CrN) fue estudiada, basado en calculos con la teoria del funcional densidad (DFT, siglas en ingles) y funcional hibrido no local PBE0, tal y como se implementa en el programa CRYSTAL14 -- Los calculos fueron realizados en dos fases hipoteticas y dos fases reportadas de CrN previamente analizadas en el marco del presente proyecto -- Para analizar el efecto de los momentos magneticos netos en la estabilidad se calculo la dispersion fononica de la red con el fin de verificar la estabilidad dinamica del solido -- Ademas se realizo un barrido de deformaciones en los modos imaginarios de algunas de las fases que resultaron inestables, con el fin de obtener estructuras nuevas mas estables -- Para estudiar el efecto de los momentos magneticos netos se calcularon las bandas de energia electronica, la densidad de estados electronicos (DOS, siglas en ingles) y se analizo la topologia de la densidad electronica con base en la teoria cuantica de atomos en moleculas (QTAIM, siglas en ingles) -- Se comprobo que la imposicion de arreglos magneticos tiene como primer efecto disminuir la energia de cohesion aumentando la estabilidad termodinamica de las estructuras -- Ademas se obtuvieron tres estructuras dinamicamente estables, una de las cuales surge de inestabilidades dinamicas y es completamente nueva -- Se observa ademas que la imposicion de momentos magneticos a los atomos de cromo tiene como efecto disminuir la DOS al nivel de Fermi al punto de que una de las fases estables pasa de ser un conductor a ser un semiconductor de banda prohibida indirecta -- Se evidencio como la DOS pone de manifiesto el arreglo de espines que existe en la estructura -- Por ultimo fue posible mostrar como el tipo de enlace entre atomos no se ve afectado por la adicion de un ordenamiento magnetico a la estructura, ademas se pudo calcular el momento magnetico de los atomos de cromo de estas tres fases estables
Leaky gut and diabetes mellitus: what is the link?

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease requiring lifelong medical attention. With hundreds of millions suffering worldwide, and a rapidly rising incidence, diabetes mellitus poses a great burden on healthcare systems. Recent studies investigating the underlying mechanisms involved in disease development in diabetes point to the role of the dys‐regulation of the intestinal barrier. Via alterations in the intestinal permeability, intestinal barrier function becomes compromised whereby access of infectious agents and dietary antigens to mucosal immune elements is facilitated, which may eventually lead to immune reactions with damage to pancreatic beta cells and can lead to increased cytokine production with consequent insulin resistance. Understanding the factors regulating the intestinal barrier function will provide important insight into the interactions between luminal antigens and immune response elements. This review analyses recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of the role of the intestinal epithelial barrier function in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Given our current knowledge, we may assume that reinforcing the intestinal barrier can offer and open new therapeutic horizons in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Identifying personal microbiomes using metagenomic codes

Significance Recent surveys of the microbial communities living on and in the human body—the human microbiome—have revealed strong variation in community membership between individuals. Some of this variation is stable over time, leading to speculation that individuals might possess unique microbial “fingerprints” that distinguish them from the population. We rigorously evaluated this idea by combining concepts from microbial ecology and computer science. Our results demonstrated that individuals could be uniquely identified among populations of 100s based on their microbiomes alone. In the case of the gut microbiome, >80% of individuals could still be uniquely identified up to a year later—a result that raises potential privacy concerns for subjects enrolled in human microbiome research projects. Community composition within the human microbiome varies across individuals, but it remains unknown if this variation is sufficient to uniquely identify individuals within large populations or stable enough to identify them over time. We investigated this by developing a hitting set-based coding algorithm and applying it to the Human Microbiome Project population. Our approach defined body site-specific metagenomic codes: sets of microbial taxa or genes prioritized to uniquely and stably identify individuals. Codes capturing strain variation in clade-specific marker genes were able to distinguish among 100s of individuals at an initial sampling time point. In comparisons with follow-up samples collected 30–300 d later, ∼30% of individuals could still be uniquely pinpointed using metagenomic codes from a typical body site; coincidental (false positive) matches were rare. Codes based on the gut microbiome were exceptionally stable and pinpointed >80% of individuals. The failure of a code to match its owner at a later time point was largely explained by the loss of specific microbial strains (at current limits of detection) and was only weakly associated with the length of the sampling interval. In addition to highlighting patterns of temporal variation in the ecology of the human microbiome, this work demonstrates the feasibility of microbiome-based identifiability—a result with important ethical implications for microbiome study design. The datasets and code used in this work are available for download from huttenhower.sph. harvard.edu/idability.
The treatment of depressive states with G 22355 (imipramine hydrochloride).

Over a three-year period, more than 500 psychiatric patients of various diagnostic categories were treated with imipramine hydrochloride. It was demonstrated that the compound has potent antidepressant action. Best responses were obtained in cases of endogenous depression showing the typical symptoms of mental and motor retardation, fatigue, feeling of heaviness, hopelessness, guilt, and despair. The condition is furthermore characterized by the aggravation of symptoms in the morning with a tendency to improvement during the day. Treatment with imipramine hydrochloride resulted in full or social recovery in a high percentage of the patients. As a rule, the initial response was evident within 2 to 3 days, while in some cases 1 to 4 weeks of therapy were required. In view of the symptomatic nature of the action of imipramine hydrochloride, therapy must be maintained as long as the illness lasts. The side effects noted were relatively slight, and with the exception of one case of severe allergic exanthema ne.
Caffeine: A potential complexing agent for solubility and dissolution enhancement of celecoxib

Complexation of caffeine with the drug celecoxib was used to enhance its solubility as well as in vitro dissolution in the present investigation. Caffeine was extracted from tea leaves using the sublimation method. A molecular complex (1:1) of caffeine–celecoxib was prepared using the solubility method. The solubility of celecoxib in distilled water and the caffeine complex was determined using a HPLC method at a wavelength of 250 nm. Dissolution studies of pure celecoxib, a marketed capsule (Celebrex®), and the complex were performed using USP dissolution apparatus I for pure celecoxib and the complex and apparatus II for the capsule in distilled water. The highest solubility (48.32 mg/mL) as well as percent dissolution (90.54%) of celecoxib was obtained with the caffeine–celecoxib complex. The results for solubility and dissolution were highly significant as compared to pure celecoxib and the marketed capsule (p < 0.01). These results suggest that caffeine is a promising complexing agent for solubility as well as dissolution enhancement of the poorly soluble drug celecoxib.
Animated versus Static Images of Team Processes to Affect Knowledge Acquisition and Learning Efficiency

In this paper, the authors replicated previous work demonstrating that animating mechanical systems leads to more efficient knowledge acquisition and extended it by applying the same processes to human systems. Based on these data, it appears that using static images, rather than animated human relationships within a team structure, better supports learning of procedural and conceptual knowledge by novices. Additionally, using static images led to a reduction in the amount of effort required to apply that knowledge. It remains unclear however, if the static images will continue to support knowledge retention long-term.
A hybrid approach to the synthesis of reconfigurable sparse circular arrays

The synthesis of sparse reconfigurable arrays is a challenging task. In this contribution we focus in particular on sparse circular arrays, i.e. arrays whose elements are arranged in rings, and we propose a synthesis method capable to provide a layout tailored to the radiation of beams with two different beamwidths. The synthesis method is based on a hybrid approach, that exploits at best the partial convexity of the synthesis problem in order. Numerical examples showing the feasibility of the approach for satellite applications are provided.
Personalized nutrition: has its time come?

Our appreciation of the role nutrition has played in infl uencing human genome development over time has increased exponentially since the turn of the century (Ruemmele & GarneirLengliné, 2012; Ye & Gu, 2011). In fact, research efforts have focused on identifying “genomic adaptations to diet with the hope of elucidating the genetic basis of complex disorders and tailoring strategies of disease management through personalized medicine and nutrition” (p. 486). The relationship between nutrition and gene expression are presented in this column.