Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes Caused by the Melatonergic System in Young Patients with Mood Disorders: A Literature Review

The abnormalities of melatonergic system have been observed in several psychiatric disorders. Patients with Alzheimer’s dementia showed significantly lower total melatonin secretion and amplitude of melatonin rhythm and larger variation of acrophase than nondemented elder people [1]. Vascular melatonin MT1-receptor significantly increased in hippocaumpus of patients with Alzheimer’s dementia compared to human control hippocampus [2]. The increase of vascular MT1-receptor might indicate a regulatory response to impared melatonin secretion [2]. Abnormal melatonergic system in schizophrenia have been also reported [3-5]. Patients with schizophrenia significantly showed lower melatonin levels and more disrupted circadian melatonin rhythm than healthy control [4,5]. Recent meta-analysis reported that the volume of pineal gland in schizophrenia significantly decreased compared to healthy control [3]. The decrease of pineal gland volume might lead to impairment of melatonin secretion. Abnormal melatonin rhythms have been also reported in patients with mood disorders [6,7]. Several studies have found that patients with bipolar disorderare likely to show abnormal melatonin secretion and increased light-induced melatonin suppression [8-11]. In major depression, there were inconsistent findings of melatonin secretion or levels compared to healthy subjects [12-15]. These inconsistent findings could be caused by the variability in the diagnosis of mood disorders in children and adolescents [16,17]. However, the nocturnal melatonin secretion was significantly delayed in patients with major depression as compared to healthy subjects [15]. Additionally, the bed time melatonin levels was closely to depressive severity [18]. Given that the results of previous studies, changes of melatonin systems might be greatly related to mood disorders. A hypothesis that abnormalities in melatonin system may be linked to the pathogenesis of mood disorders needs to be considered [6,19]. If the abnormalities of melatonergic system were associated with the pathogenesis of mood disorder, these abnormalities could be Changes Caused by the Melatonergic System in Young Patients with Mood Disorders: A Literature Review Jung Hyun Lee, MD, PhD, Eunsoo Moon, MD, PhD
Herbivore‐induced defenses are not under phylogenetic constraints in the genus Quercus (oak): Phylogenetic patterns of growth, defense, and storage

Abstract The evolution of plant defenses is often constrained by phylogeny. Many of the differences between competing plant defense theories hinge upon the differences in the location of meristem damage (apical versus auxiliary) and the amount of tissue removed. We analyzed the growth and defense responses of 12 Quercus (oak) species from a well‐resolved molecular phylogeny using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Access to light is paramount for forest‐dwelling tree species, such as many members of the genus Quercus. We therefore predicted a greater investment in defense when apical meristem tissue was removed. We also predicted a greater investment in defense when large amounts of tissue were removed and a greater investment in growth when less tissues were removed. We conducted five simulated herbivory treatments including a control with no damage and alterations of the location of meristem damage (apical versus auxiliary shoots) and intensity (25% versus 75% tissue removal). We measured growth, defense, and nutrient re‐allocation traits in response to simulated herbivory. Phylomorphospace models were used to demonstrate the phylogenetic nature of trade‐offs between characteristics of growth, chemical defenses, and nutrient re‐allocation. We found that growth–defense trade‐offs in control treatments were under phylogenetic constraints, but phylogenetic constraints and growth–defense trade‐offs were not common in the simulated herbivory treatments. Growth–defense constraints exist within the Quercus genus, although there are adaptations to herbivory that vary among species.
Kinematic Analysis of Lower Limb Joint Asymmetry During Gait in People with Multiple Sclerosis

The majority of people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS), report lower limb motor dysfunctions, which may relevantly affect postural control, gait and a wide range of activities of daily living. While it is quite common to observe a different impact of the disease on the two limbs (i.e., one of them is more affected), less clear are the effects of such asymmetry on gait performance. The present retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the magnitude of interlimb asymmetry in pwMS, particularly as regards the joint kinematics, using parameters derived from angle-angle diagrams. To this end, we analyzed gait patterns of 101 pwMS (55 women, 46 men, mean age 46.3, average Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 3.5, range 1–6.5) and 81 unaffected individuals age- and sex-matched who underwent 3D computerized gait analysis carried out using an eight-camera motion capture system. Spatio-temporal parameters and kinematics in the sagittal plane at hip, knee and ankle joints were considered for the analysis. The angular trends of left and right sides were processed to build synchronized angle–angle diagrams (cyclograms) for each joint, and symmetry was assessed by computing several geometrical features such as area, orientation and Trend Symmetry. Based on cyclogram orientation and Trend Symmetry, the results show that pwMS exhibit significantly greater asymmetry in all three joints with respect to unaffected individuals. In particular, orientation values were as follows: 5.1 of pwMS vs. 1.6 of unaffected individuals at hip joint, 7.0 vs. 1.5 at knee and 6.4 vs. 3.0 at ankle (p < 0.001 in all cases), while for Trend Symmetry we obtained at hip 1.7 of pwMS vs. 0.3 of unaffected individuals, 4.2 vs. 0.5 at knee and 8.5 vs. 1.5 at ankle (p < 0.001 in all cases). Moreover, the same parameters were sensitive enough to discriminate individuals of different disability levels. With few exceptions, all the calculated symmetry parameters were found significantly correlated with the main spatio-temporal parameters of gait and the EDSS score. In particular, large correlations were detected between Trend Symmetry and gait speed (with rho values in the range of −0.58 to −0.63 depending on the considered joint, p < 0.001) and between Trend Symmetry and EDSS score (rho = 0.62 to 0.69, p < 0.001). Such results suggest not only that MS is associated with significantly marked interlimb asymmetry during gait but also that such asymmetry worsens as the disease progresses and that it has a relevant impact on gait performances.
Absence of Stress Hyperglycemia Indicates the Most Severe Form of Blunt Liver Trauma

Background: Stress hyperglycemia is common in trauma patients. Increasing injury severity and hemorrhage trigger hepatic gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance. Consequently, we expect glucose levels to rise with injury severity in liver, kidney and spleen injuries. In contrast, we hypothesized that in the most severe form of blunt liver injury, stress hyperglycemia may be absent despite critical injury and hemorrhage. Methods: All patients with documented liver, kidney or spleen injuries, treated at a university hospital between 2000 and 2020 were charted. Demographic, laboratory, radiological, surgical and other data were analyzed. Results: A total of 772 patients were included. In liver (n = 456), spleen (n = 375) and kidney (n = 152) trauma, an increase in injury severity past moderate to severe (according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, AAST III-IV) was associated with a concomitant rise in blood glucose levels independent of the affected organ. While stress-induced hyperglycemia was even more pronounced in the most severe forms (AAST V) of spleen (median 10.7 mmol/L, p < 0.0001) and kidney injuries (median 10.6 mmol/L, p = 0.004), it was absent in AAST V liver injuries, where median blood glucose level even fell (5.6 mmol/L, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Absence of stress hyperglycemia on hospital admission could be a sign of most severe liver injury (AAST V). Blood glucose should be considered an additional diagnostic criterion for grading liver injury.
Analysis and Evaluation of Heat Pipe Efficiency to Reduce Low Emission with the Use of Working Agents R134A, R404A and R407C, R410A

This paper presents an analysis of methods to increase the efficiency of heat transfer in heat exchangers. The scope of the research included analysis of efficiency optimization using the example of two tubular heat exchanger structures most often used in industry. The obtained efficiency of heat recovery from the ground of the examined exchangers was over 90%, enabling the reduction of emissions of the heating systems of buildings. The paper presents the results of tests of two types of heat pipes using R134A, R404A, and R407C working agents. The paper also presents the results of experimental tests using the R410A working medium. The results included in the study will also enable the effective use of land as a heat store.
Micro-expression recognition by two-stream difference network

National Key R&D Programme of China, Grant/ Award Number: 2018YFC 2001700; National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 61672093; Advanced Innovation Centre for Intelligent Robots and Systems Open Research Project, Grant/Award Number: 2018IRS01 Abstract Facial micro‐expression is a superposition of micro‐expression features and identity information of a subject. For the problem of identity information interference in micro‐ expression recognition, this study proposes a new method for facial micro‐expression recognition by de‐identity information, called two‐stream difference network (TSDN). First, a two‐stream encoder‐decoder network is trained by a convolutional neural network, where the input of the micro‐expression stream is a micro‐expression image, and the identity stream is a facial identity image. The micro‐expression image is the apex image, and the identity image is the onset image in the micro‐expression sequence. The identity information and micro‐expression features are recorded in the intermediate layer of the micro‐expression stream, while the intermediate layer of the identity stream contains only the identity information of a subject. Then, the identity information is removed by the difference network, but micro‐expression features are stored in the intermediate layer of the micro‐expression stream. Given the sequence of the micro‐ expressions, the TSDN model of de‐identity information learns the difference that stores in the expression stream. Two public spontaneous facial micro‐expression data sets (SMIC and CASME II) are employed in our experiments. The experiment results show that our model can achieve a superior performance in micro‐expression recognition.
Leadership Styles Dimensions and Organizational Commitment Nexus: Evidence from a Public Sector in Nigeria

Scholarly works have shown that one of the outstanding factors of organizational commitment has been leadership, which relates to the style adopted by the leader and the impact it has on the commitment level of employees for performance. The aim of this research was to explore the effect of leadership styles on organizational commitment. Transformational, transactional, and laissez faire styles of leadership were examined. A cross-sectional survey of 151 employees at a public sector agency in Abuja, Nigeria, was conducted. The research employed a quantitative approach to the collection of data using questionnaire administration. All questionnaire items were assessed using the five-point Likert scale. Inferential statistics in research was carried out using multiple regression technique to substantiate the survey findings. Based on the Great man theory, Contingency theory and Behavioural theory, the study confirms that transformational, transactional and laissez faire leadership styles and organizational commitment were statistically associated. In terms of contribution to the model, the explanatory variables jointly contributed 68.2 percent in explaining organizational commitment. On individual contribution, transformational leadership style contributed the most, 58.6 percent to the model while transactional leadership style contributed 11.8 percent to the model and finally laissez-faire leadership style contributed 11.2 percent to organizational commitment in the study context. The study therefore recommends that AEA should use continuous transformational leadership style practices to sustain high employee commitment and organizational effectiveness. Also, AEA should apply a bit of both transactional and laissez faire leadership styles from time to time depending on the situation of things at the workplace as there is no particular leadership style that is one-size fit all but depends on situation at hand. One realistic implication that could be learned from this study is that in order to minimize employee turnover, managers need to implement affirmative strategies that will benefit the establishment.
Understanding Loan Default Among Community College Students

Objective: The purpose of our study was to identify the factors associated with federal loan default among a nationally-representative sample of community college students. The guiding research question was: For community college students who borrow federal loans, to what extent do demographic, academic, and enrollment characteristics relate to default? Methods: Using data from the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS:04/09), our analysis focused on loan repayment outcomes six years after enrollment for students who began their postsecondary careers at a community college (i.e., a public, two-year institution) and had not transferred to a four-year institution. The analytic methods included descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression. Results: Compared to their peers who did not use federal loans, borrowers were more likely to be female, unmarried, lower-income, a Pell Grant recipient, and enrolled exclusively full-time. Regression results indicated that compared to borrowers still in repayment, defaulters were more likely to be male, first-generation college, lower-income, enrolled in workforce certificate and applied associate degree programs, lateral transfers, and non-completers. Notably, two-thirds of the defaulters had $5,000 or less in outstanding debt. Conclusions: Many of the student groups that have traditionally experienced the lowest rates of success at the community college are also the populations more likely to default on their loans. Relatively low levels of debt can still place severe financial hardship on community college borrowers. We propose several modifications to federal loan policy and institutional practices that could help reduce the number of community college borrowers who default.
Physiological Responses of Coral Reef Species to Emerging Threats of Anthropogenic Climate Change

Anthropogenic climate change is a threat to countless species and ecosystems around the world, including the coral reefs. Coral Reefs provide habitat to hundreds of thousands of species and play a big role in maintaining biological diversity. Unfortunately, around 50-70% of all coral reefs are under direct threat from human activities such as deforestation and overfishing. Major threats to the survival of coral reefs include increasing sea surface temperatures and ocean acidification, as they lead to bleaching and reduction in coral calcification. Due to the rapidly changing climate, conservation efforts should be aimed at protecting species that can tolerate a wide range of temperatures and buffer pH changes. This paper discusses recent research on tolerance and persistence of various species that make up the coral reefs and how this information can be integrated into current conservation practices to better protect the coral reefs.
Long-term and event-scale sub-daily streamflow and sediment simulation in a small forested catchment

ABSTRACT In small catchments, the time interval most commonly used for simulation – daily or monthly – may not be sufficient to accurately capture the time distribution of hydrological processes. In this paper, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to perform an hourly long-term streamflow and sediment load simulation in the small (4.8 km2) and forested Aixola catchment (northern Spain). From this simulation, 10 runoff events were tested; the most satisfactory results for streamflow were obtained under wet antecedent conditions. However, simulated sediment load was underestimated during the peaks and remained high towards the end of the event. Furthermore, the influence of the precipitation time step (1–4 h, daily) was not relevant in the streamflow simulation but does influence the sediment simulation. The best results were achieved with the daily step simulations obtained at an hourly time step. This paper shows that sub-daily modelling improves water and especially sediment yield results; however, improvements are still needed in timing-related routines.
Overnight Consolidation of Speech Sounds Predicts Decoding Ability in Skilled Adult Readers

ABSTRACT Phonological representations are important for reading. In the current work, we examine the relationship between speech-perceptual memory encoding and consolidation to reading ability in skilled adult readers. Seventy-three young adults (age 18–24) were first tested in their word and nonword reading ability, and then trained in the late evening to identify an unfamiliar speech sound contrast (Hindi retroflex-dental). Participants were assessed in their ability to perceive the target contrast immediately before training, after training, and 12 hours later. While perceptual performance on the target at any time point was unassociated with reading ability, overnight changes to the post-training perceptual ability over the 12-hour delay were significantly associated with nonword reading (i.e. decoding) ability, but not real-word reading. These results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that individual differences in memory processes that update phonological representations following acoustic-phonetic exposure relate to decoding performance, including in adulthood.
Rayonnement synchrotron et applications

Le rayonnement synchrotron, lumiere emise par des electrons ou des positrons relativistes et soumis a une acceleration centripete fournit un tres large spectre de longueurs d’onde depuis l’infrarouge lointain jusqu’aux rayons X. La nouvelle generation de machines specialement concues pour l’utilisation de cette lumiere a ouvert, a une large communaute de scientifiques de laboratoires publics et prives, une grande variete de methodes d’investigation de la matiere condensee qui completent et vont au-dela des methodes classiques. La continuite spectrale et l’utilisation en faisceau monochromatique, la brillance de la source, sa structure temporelle, sa polarisation lineaire ou circulaire, ses proprietes de coherence ont donne une nouvelle dimension aux etudes des proprietes structurales, electroniques, magnetiques de la matiere a un niveau de resolution extreme . Les methodes de caracterisation et d’analyse basees sur l’absorption, la diffusion-diffraction du rayonnement avec de nombreuses variantes, ou encore sur la fluorescence X et la photoemission, sont decrites avec differents exemples d’application choisis dans les secteurs de la catalyse, l’electrochimie, l’adhesion, la biocristallographie, la metallurgie ou encore les materiaux magnetiques artificiels. Les technologies et l’instrumentation associees au rayonnement synchrotron et au laser a electrons libres dans l’infrarouge, tels que les techniques d’imagerie, de microscopie et de lithographie beaucoup plus recemment developpees en France ou a l’etranger sont presentees et illustrees par des exemples empruntes a la medecine, la chimie, l’electrochimie, la micromecanique. Enfin, le laser a electrons libres , qui peut etre considere comme une retombee du developpement du rayonnement synchrotron, est decrit comme une autre nouvelle source de lumiere. Les performances de la version infrarouge de ce laser sont illustrees par des applications en electrochimie et en microscopie a effet tunnel.
Gender stereotypes and biases in early childhood: A systematic review

This review aimed to synthesise studies examining the presence of gender stereotypes and biases expressed by young children aged 3–5 years, with a focus on informing early childhood settings. Our review located only 21 separate studies in 16 articles, highlighting a dearth of research in this area. There was substantial heterogeneity in the operationalisation of gender stereotypes and biases. There was evidence that children in early childhood are aware of, and can apply, gender stereotypes. There was also evidence of the malleability of these biases and stereotypes. The social and cultural environment plays a large role in defining the cues by which young children classify on the basis of gender. Research is needed to understand ways to support the establishment of equitable gender attitudes amongst children in early childhood, as this could deliver important benefits to individuals across their lifetime, as well as society more broadly.
Enformasyonun Duygu Boyutu: Duygusal Bulaşıcılık Perspektifinden Sosyal Ağlarda Duygu Çalışmaları

Sosyal aglarin dijital teknolojilerle butunlesmesiyle birlikte kullanicilarin enformasyona erisme arac ve yontemleri degismistir. Bununla birlikte olusan enformasyon yigini icerisinde kullanicilar, kisisel tercihlerine ve aglarin yonlendirmelerine bagli olarak cesitli iceriklerle karsilasirlar. Bu karsilasma gerceklesirken, aglardan yayilan iceriklerin kullanicilar uzerindeki etkilerinin duygu boyutunun analizi bir gerekliliktir. Cunku internet sitelerinde yer alan iceriklere kullanicilarin cesitli emojiler ve duygu reaksiyonlari vasitasiyla tepki verebilmeleri, kullanicilarin enformasyonu edinirken ve degerlendirirken duygularini da bir degerlendirme araci olarak hesaba kattiklarini gostermektedir. Ozellikle Facebook ve Twitter gibi sosyal ag sitelerinin mimari yapilarinin nitelikleri ile paylasma araciligiyla dolasima sokulan enformasyonun yayilmasi ve degerlendirilmesinde duygular on plana cikmaktadir. Bu baglamda bu calismanin amaci sosyal aglarda duygusal bulasicilik ile ilgili yapilmis uluslararasi arastirmalarin sistematik bir derlemesini yapmaktir. Calismada enformasyonun yayilmasinda duygusal bulasiciligin etkisinin ne oldugunu belirlemek uzere Facebook, Twitter ve Weibo aglarinda duygular uzerine yapilmis ve Web of Science verilerine gore en fazla atif almis 10 calisma incelenmistir. Calismada farkli bilim alanlarinda yapilan arastirmalarin amaclari, desenleri, sonuclari ve onerileri karsilastirmali sekilde sunularak hem kisisel hem de kamusal olaylarda kullanicilarin enformasyon edinmede ne tur bir duygusal performans gerceklestirdikleri analiz edilmistir. Derlenen makalelerin sonuclarina gore, sosyal aglarin iceriklerinin duygudan azade olmadigi ve birer icerik ureticisi haline gelen kullanicilarin olusturduklari enformasyonun da duygulari barindirdigi ve yakin aglar icerisinde yer alan kullanicilarin benzer duygu oruntuleri gostererek birbirlerini etkiledikleri ortaya cikmistir.