Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Consequences of Adjusting Fish Stock Assessment Estimates of Biomass for Retrospective Patterns using Mohn's Rho

AbstractA retrospective pattern exists when estimates of some assessment parameter for a given time period (e.g., biomass in a given year) trend in a systematic way as additional periods of data (i.e., typically a year) are added. Causes of such patterns are difficult to determine, and the pattern does not necessarily indicate the direction of the parameter bias. Mohn's rho measures the severity of retrospective patterns and has been used to adjust estimates of biomass and quotas. The consequences of applying Mohn's rho rather than ignoring the pattern are unclear. I used an age-structured simulation based on Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus to evaluate the consequences of ignoring retrospective patterns versus applying Mohn's rho. When the application of Mohn's rho produced more accurate estimates of biomass, subsequent spawning stock biomass and yields were near target levels. When the use of Mohn's rho produced less-accurate estimates of biomass, the results depended on the direction of the pattern. Wi.
Dinâmica da comunidade arbórea em uma floresta estacional semidecidual sob queimadas recorrentes

The effects of fire on tree mortality can change floristic and forest structure depending on intensity, frequency and the length of a fire. Areas of semideciduous forest in Parque Estadual da Serra Azul, Barra do Garcas (MT, Brazil), exposed to different frequencies of fire, were monitored: 0.9 ha burned in 2007 (Q1) and 0.9 ha in 2005 and 2007 (Q2). The dynamics were based on the average interval of 2.02 years between T1 (outubro/2006-maio/2007) and T2 (March/2009), including individuals with PAP > 15 cm. Diversity (H') and species richness (estimated by Jackknife) were higher in Q2, in both at T1 and T2. The decrease of tree density between surveys was significant for Q1 and Q2, but the proportion of deaths was higher in Q1. There were no differences in the dynamic parameters between Q1 and Q2 when considering both the number of individuals and basal area. The increase of diversity in Q2 may be partially explained by the hypothesis of intermediate disturbance. However, despite the absence of differences in recruitment and mortality between Q1 and Q2, the high turnover rates, independent of fire frequency, suggest future changes in the flora and structure of the forest if fire continues to be frequent in the area.
EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY AND MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE

OF THESIS EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY AND MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes severe healthcare-associated infections. Fortyeight extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-P. aeruginosa isolates were selected from 287 isolates collected for evaluation based on clinical susceptibility data. In vitro activity of commonly utilized antimicrobials (i.e. antipseudomonal beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and polymyxins) plus ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, and aztreonam-avibactam against XDR-P. aeruginosa were determined. The mechanism of resistance profile was determined through phenotypic expression analysis. Overall, polymyxin B and colistin were 100% susceptible. Apart from the polymyxins, ceftolozane-tazobactam had the highest susceptibility (94%) followed by ceftazidimeavibactam (90%) and amikacin (83%). Ceftolozane-tazobactam activity was not significantly different from ceftazidime-avibactam (p=0.6831). Only 40% of isolates were susceptible to aztreonam-avibactam. All other agents demonstrated <8% susceptibility. Not surprisingly, AmpC expression was the most common mechanism of resistance (96%) followed by OprD porin channel downregulation and efflux pump system expression at 85% and 83%, respectively. Most isolates (73%) expressed at least three mechanisms of resistance. The most common combination was AmpC, OprD downregulation, and efflux pump expression. This combination as well as its high susceptibility and potency suggests preferential use of ceftolozane-tazobactam. For XDRP. aeruginosa at our institution, in vitro analysis proposes superiority of ceftolozanetazobactam; however, until further in vitro and in vivo validation both agents are reasonable options.
Which Patients Discharged to Home-Based Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Are at High Risk of Adverse Outcomes?

Abstract Background Patients increasingly receive home-based outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). Understanding which patients might be at higher risk of complications is critical in effectively triaging resources upon and after hospital discharge. Methods A prospective cohort of patients discharged from 1 of 2 academic medical centers in Baltimore, Maryland, between March 2015 and December 2018 were consented and randomly divided into derivation and validation cohorts for development of a risk score for adverse OPAT outcomes. Data from the derivation cohort with the primary outcome of a serious adverse outcome (infection relapse, serious adverse drug event, serious catheter complication, readmission, or death) were analyzed to derive the risk score equation using logistic regression, which was then validated in the validation cohort for performance of predicting a serious adverse outcome. Results Of 664 patients in the total cohort, half (332) experienced a serious adverse outcome. The model predicting having a serious adverse outcome included type of catheter, time on OPAT, using a catheter for chemotherapy, using a catheter for home parenteral nutrition, being treated for septic arthritis, being on vancomycin, being treated for Enterococcus, being treated for a fungal infection, and being treated empirically. A score ≥2 on the serious adverse outcome score had a 94.0% and 90.9% sensitivity for having a serious adverse outcome in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. Conclusions A risk score can be implemented to detect who may be at high risk of serious adverse outcomes, but all patients on OPAT may require monitoring to prevent or detect adverse events.
QTLs and epistasis associated with vernalization responses in oat

Oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes differ in their patterns of growth and development in response to vernalization (cold temperatures applied to germinating seeds). Genomic regions controlling vernalization response in heading date, plant height, and tiller number were mapped in a recombinant inbred (RI) population derived from the cross of oat cultivars 'Kanota' (vernalization-responsive) and 'Ogle' (vernalization-insensitive). Seventy-one F6-derived RI lines were subjected to vernalization and no-vernalization treatments, and then grown in growth chambers. A genetic linkage map of 561 (primarily RFLP) loci was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting the traits in vernalized and non-vernalized plants. Nine to 16 linkage groups and unlinked loci were associated with each trait assessed herein. Individual loci explained up to 37% of the phenotypic variation. Three to five significant loci were included in multiple locus linear models which explained up to 66% of phenotypic variation for each trait. One to 14 interactions between loci were found for each trait. The interactions explained up to 30% of the phenotypic variation not accounted for by the main effects of loci involved in the interactions. Inclusion of epistatic interactions tended to improve the fit of multiple locus models. As much as 83% of phenotypic variation was explained by multiple locus models including epistasis. Numerous epistatic interactions involving at least one locus with no significant main effect were detected.
LÍNGUA EM VIAGEM NA TRADUÇÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL PARA EMPRESÁRIOS DO BRASIL E DE PORTUGAL: O CASO DO WBCSD

RESUMO O propósito deste artigo é estudar a língua em viagem na tradução do desenvolvimento sustentável para empresários do Brasil e de Portugal. O World Business Concil for Sustainable (WBCSD), entidade foco deste estudo, atua no percurso de significação com a publicação de guias que visam orientar o discurso de gestão sustentável no ambiente corporativo. Na pesquisa analisou-se a disputa de poder que ocorre na definição do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável (DS) e se propôs a metáfora think tanke como modo de traduzir a relação dos empresários com a questão socioambiental. A análise dos discursos, a luz da desconstrução de Derrida, permitiu estudar as estruturas políticas e institucionais que facilitam e dificultam a acolhida da discussão de desenvolvimento sustentável. Essas estruturas foram desenvolvidas na “história do pensamento ocidental”, seja por meio de “textos filosóficos”, ou em “formas e instituições tais como o governo, a universidade, a identidade nacional, o conceito de dom ou a ideia de enlutamento” (WOLFREYS, 2009, p. 51). Há o luto da presença, o luto da razão, o luto do sujeito e o luto de qualquer instância soberana (DERRIDA, 2013, p. 105). Verificou-se que a metáfora da Empresa Sustentável, desenvolvida neste processo de tradução, é insuficiente para acolher as diversas interpretações já que o intuito é assimilar e integrar. Na metáfora think tanke, por sua vez, reconhece-se a língua em viagem que demonstra as contradições e ambiguidades do discurso do WBCSD e acolhe as diversas traduções sobre DS. Assume-se um pensamento de alteridade que se traduz na desconstrução da relação entre hóspede (questão socioambiental) e hospedeiro (empresa). O hospedeiro torna-se refém das imprevisibilidades do hóspede (alterações climáticas, disponibilidade de água, biodiversidade etc), já que o “hospedeiro torna-se hóspede do hóspede” (DERRIDA, 2003, p. 109).
Snowshoe hare demography during a cyclic population low

1. Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus Erxleben) populations were studied in south-west Yukon during the low phase of the 10-year population cycle. Food availability and predator abundance were manipulated in a factorial design to determine the importance of each factor in hare dynamics during this phase. 2. Food was abundant during the low phase, and snowshoe hares were not food limited. 3. Survival of hares was higher than at any other phase of the cycle, and predators were scarce, but >75% of hare deaths resulted from predation. 4. Food addition resulted in higher hare densities and better body condition than on control sites. There were no observable effects of food addition on population rate of increase, recruitment, survival or age structure. 5. Mammalian predator reduction resulted in higher hare densities, higher survival, better body condition and an older age structure. Relative to control populations, recruitment was lower and population rates of increase similar. 6. The joint manipulation of food addition + predator reduction had greater positive effects on hare density and body condition than either single factor manipulation. Survival was better than on control sites, and the age structure was older than on control sites. Population rates of increase were similar, but recruitment was higher on the control areas. 7. We conclude that snowshoe hare dynamics at the low of the cycle are dominated by the interaction of food and predation. Risk of predation also had indirect effects on snowshoe hare age structure and body condition.
Social organization in a nesting population of eastern willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus)

-The breeding ecology of eastern Willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) was studied over a 3-yr period in a salt marsh on the Atlantic coast of Virginia. During the study, 171 adults were color-marked. Willets are strictly monogamous and show strong site and mate fidelity from year to year. Normally a pair bond dissolves only after one member dies or fails to return in the spring. With an estimated annual adult mortality of 15%, the average life of a pair bond is 3 yr. The sexes share in most aspects of breeding, including broodrearing, but females abandon both mate and brood about 2 weeks after the chicks hatch. Males apparently incubate at night and sometimes relieve the female at the nest during the middle of the day. In this area Willets defend separate nesting and feeding territories, though nest-site defense decreases through the incubation period. When mates are lost, males retain their original nesting and feeding territories, while females pair with availablW mates near their original nesting territory. Females compete for mates, and ma1es select the most aggressive females. Nesting was particularly synchronous in lowland marsh sites, where the onset of egg laying was slightly earlier than in upland sites. Nest density was the highest reported for any scolopacid, and the highest densities were in sites closest to the marsh. Nest spacing is achieved through agonistic behavior, but there is evidence of a counter-tendency leading to nest clumping. Several features of the Willet social system resemble characteristics typical of colonial species of birds. These are discussed along with other aspects of social organization and the selective forces operating on it. Received 26 January 1981, accepted 13 July
Identification by epr spectroscopy of carvacrol and thymol as the major sources of free radicals in the oxidation of plant essential oils

The formation of stable free radicals upon reaction of the essential oils of 10 plant species with ultraviolet radiation and the superoxide radical anion, O2−, has been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Only the oils from oregano, summer savory and thyme produced EPR spectra and the results can be accounted for in terms of free radicals produced by the closely related phenolics, carvacrol and thymol. These observations are interpreted in terms of the known antioxidant properties of these molecules.
Serum vitamin D deficiency and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

Introduction This meta-analysis was performed to confirm the relationship of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and vitamin D. Material and methods PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for relevant articles. Standard mean difference (SMD) along with 95% CI was used to compare vitamin D level between women with GDM and healthy subjects. The correlation coefficient between the vitamin D and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was analyzed. Results The vitamin D level of GDM subjects was much lower than healthy subjects (SMD = –0.71, 95% CI: –0.91, –0.50). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with high risk of GDM (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07–1.23). Vitamin D was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = –0.62, 95% CI: –0.85, –0.39). The analysis showed no publication bias (Egger’s: p = 0.197; Begg’s: p = 0.786). Conclusions Vitamin D is closely associated with the onset of GDM.
Modification of poly (ethylene glycol) with a multifunctional silane ligand, stabilization of Ag nanoparticles and its catalytic activity toward nitro-aromatics reduction

Abstract The modification of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) with (3, 3′-bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-2, 2′-dithioxo [5, 5′] bithiazolidinylidene-4, 4′-dione) ligand was performed in the presence of Et3N in toluene (MPEG). With the addition of AgNO3, MPEG with obtained spherical nanoparticles on the surface could interact with Ag + under ultrasonic. Finally, the MPEG-Ag + complex were reduced with hydrazine under reflux to obtain MPEG-Ag nanocomposite. The structure of MPEG-Ag nanocomposite was characterized by different techniques. The nanocomposite was used as an efficient catalyst for the reduction of nitro-aromatic compounds using NaBH4 in the water at room temperature. The catalyst was recovered, and applied for subsequent reactions without any substantial loss of efficiency for five runs.
Growth hormone inhibits rat liver α‐1‐acid glycoprotein gene expression in vivo and in vitro

The gene encoding α‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP), one of the major acute‐phase proteins, is positively controlled at the transcriptional level by cytokines (interleukin‐1 [IL‐1], IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor α) and glucocorticoids. Here, we show that growth hormone (GH) treatment of isolated rat hepatocytes in vitro reduces AGP messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. AGP gene expression remained inducible by IL‐1, IL‐6, and phenobarbital (PB) in GH‐treated hepatocytes. Interestingly, the repressive effect of GH on AGP gene expression was also observed in vivo: liver AGP mRNA content was strongly increased in hypophysectomized rats, and GH treatment of these animals led to a decrease in mRNA to levels lower than those in untreated control animals. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of GH mainly occurs at the transcriptional level and can be observed as little as 0.5 hours after GH adding in vitro to isolated hepatocytes. These results show negative regulation of AGP gene expression and strongly suggest that GH is a major endogenous regulator of constitutive AGP gene expression. Moreover, transfection assays showed that the region of the AGP promoter located at position −147 to −123 is involved in AGP gene regulation by GH. Furthermore, GH deeply modifies the pattern of nuclear protein binding to this region. GH treatment of hypophysectomized rats led to the release of proteins of 42 to 45 and 80 kd and to the binding of proteins of 48 to 50 and 90 kd.
Diversidade e riqueza de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica na Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Tietê, SP

The objective of this study was to describe the diversity, composition and similarity of the ant fauna in seven remnants of Atlantic Forest of Upper Tiete River Basin. Two of these remnants belong to Conservation Units, four are under the protection and a fragment belongs to a private property. In each area, 50 m2 litter samples were collected, which underwent mini-Winkler extractors, where they remained for 48 h. All collections occurred during the rainy season. In total were recorded 11 subfamilies, 44 genera and 158 morphospecies/species of ants. The most frequent species in all areas were Pheidole sp.7, Solenopsis sp.1, Hypoponera sp.1 and Strumigenys denticulate. The highest α diversity value was recorded in the conservation unit with characteristic Atlantic Forest floristic composition, the lowest value in forests with anthropogenic influence. The variation in species composition between areas indicates the replacement of species among remnants of dense rain forest of the Alto Tiete River Basin, which suggests the importance of preserving these areas for the conservation of the regional ant fauna.
Differentiation of Floral Traits Associated with Pollinator Preference in a Generalist-Pollinated Herb, Trollius ranunculoides (Ranunculaceae)

Premise of research. In flowers that are specialized, floral traits often differentiate in association with pollinator shifts. However, in species of generalized pollination, the role of pollinators in local population differentiation of floral traits is difficult to test. A crucial line of evidence is to contrast the direction and strength of pollinator selection among populations. Methodology. Variation in floral traits and pollinator assemblages was investigated in two populations of a generalist-pollinated herb, Trollius ranunculoides (Ranunculaceae), to detect the potential role of pollinators in floral differentiation. Pivotal results. The alpine population was visited more by flies, and the subalpine population was visited more by bees. Flower manipulations suggested that large flowers were more attractive to both bees and flies, while more petals were favored only by nectar-feeding flies. Compared to the subalpine population, plants in the alpine population had more petals per flower but smaller flowers where flies were predominant pollinators. Flower differences appeared to be genetically maintained in a common garden. Phenotypic selection analysis indicated stronger selection on petal number in the alpine population and oppositely more intense selection on flower diameter in the subalpine population, in accordance with the preferences of local pollinator assemblages. Conclusions. Heritability in floral traits, differences in local pollinator assemblages, and corresponding differences in phenotypic selection are together consistent with the view of pollinator-mediated selection on floral differentiation in T. ranunculoides.
Re-establishment trials in endangered plants: A review and the example of Arenaria grandiflora, a species on the brink of extinction in the Parisian region (France)

Abstract The successful restoration of plant species in the wild depends on knowledge of the species' habitat requirements and genetic, demographic, and ecological traits that may increase vulnerability to stochastic extinction processes. A few studies have reported experimental projects that attempted to re-establish populations of endangered plants; however, their experimental designs often led to ambiguous results. This paper reviews the common practices in plant restoration and re-establishment programs and reports on an experiment that we performed on an endangered plant Arenaria grandiflora) in the Parisian region. Our aim is to provide advice on how a restoration experiment should be conducted in order to maximize its success.
A New Soybean Maturity and Photoperiod-Sensitivity Locus Linked to E1 and T

An association between early maturity and tawny pubescence has been observed in short-season soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ]. The objectives of this study were to determine if a single locus controls early maturity; and if there is a new locus linked to El and T or, alternatively, a third allele at the El locus. A cross was made between 'Harosoy' isolines OT89-5 (e3e3 e4e4) and OT94-47. PI 196529 was the donor of early maturity in the backcrossing program which developed OT94-47. A total of 229 F 2 plants and the parents were grown under 20-h photoperiods produced by incandescent lamps. OT94-47 flowered in 43 ± 1.4 d, OT89-5 flowered later in 57 ± 4.2 d, and the F 2 population fit a 3 late: 1 early flowering ratio. Early-flowering F 2 plants produced F 3 families that flowered similarly to OT94-47. Later-flowering F 2 plants either segregated for flowering date or flowered similarly to OT89-5. To test for allelism with El and linkage with T, a cross was made between OT93-26 (E1E1 e3e3 e4e4 TT) and OT94-47. F 2 plants were classified as parental types or intermediate and equivalent to OT89-5 in maturity. Maturity and pubescence color were recorded in 376 F3 progeny rows. The data did not fit a single locus model or a two loci dominant epistasis model (12:3:1). The E7 allele was partially, but not completely, dominant over the e7 allele. Therefore, a new locus E7 is proposed. Using the F 3 segregation data, linkage between T and El was estimated to be 1.3 ± 0.6 centimorgan (cM). Linkage between El and E7 was estimated to be 6.2 cM and linkage between E7 and T was estimated to be 3.9 cM. E7 is a new flowering, maturity, and photoperiod sensitivity locus tightly linked to both El and T. E7E7 results in later flowering and maturity, and sensitivity to long photoperiods produced by incandescent lamps when compared to e7e7.