Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sugar Accumulation in Leaves of Arabidopsis sweet11/sweet12 Double Mutants Enhances Priming of the Salicylic Acid-Mediated Defense Response

In compatible interactions, biotrophic microbial phytopathogens rely on the supply of assimilates by the colonized host tissue. It has been found in rice that phloem localized SWEET sucrose transporters can be reprogrammed by bacterial effectors to establish compatibility. We observed that sweet11/sweet12 double mutants, but not single mutants, exhibited increased resistance toward the fungal hemibiotroph Colletotrichum higginsianum (Ch), both in the biotrophic and the necrotrophic colonization phase. We therefore investigated if the phloem localized transporters AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 represent additive susceptibility factors in the interaction of Arabidopsis with Ch. AtSWEET12-YFP fusion protein driven by the endogenous promoter strongly accumulated at Ch infection sites and in the vasculature upon challenge with Ch. However, susceptibility of sweet12 single mutants to Ch was comparable to wild type, indicating that the accumulation of AtSWEET12 at Ch infection sites does not play a major role for compatibility. AtSWEET12-YFP reporter protein was not detectable at the plant–pathogen interface, suggesting that AtSWEET12 is not targeted by Ch effectors. AtSWEET11-YFP accumulation in pAtSWEET11:AtSWEET11-YFP plants were similar in Ch infected and mock control leaves. A close inspection of major carbohydrate metabolism in non-infected control plants revealed that soluble sugar and starch content were substantially elevated in sweet11/sweet12 double mutants during the entire diurnal cycle, that diurnal soluble sugar turnover was increased more than twofold in sweet11/sweet12, and that accumulation of free hexoses and sucrose was strongly expedited in double mutant leaves compared to wild type and both single mutants during the course of Ch infection. After 2 days of treatment, free and conjugated SA levels were significantly increased in infected and mock control leaves of sweet11/sweet12 relative to all other genotypes, respectively. Induced genes in mock treated sweet11/sweet12 leaves were highly significantly enriched for several GO terms associated with SA signaling and response compared to mock treated wild-type leaves, indicating sugar-mediated priming of the SA pathway in the double mutant. Infection assays with salicylic acid deficient sweet11/sweet12/sid2 triple mutants demonstrated that reduced susceptibility observed in sweet11/sweet12 was entirely dependent on the SA pathway. We suggest a model how defects in phloem loading of sucrose can influence SA priming and hence, compatibility.
Excellent outcomes with angiographic subsegmentectomy in the treatment of typical hepatocellular carcinoma

The authors successfully adopted an interesting and effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) referred to as angiographic subsegmentectomy (AS). This treatment involved simultaneous embolization of the peripheral feeding artery and the portal vein. The result was that almost all of the HCC and peripheral liver parenchyma developed complete anatomic necrosis.
Distribution of GLP‐1 Binding Sites in the Rat Brain: Evidence that Exendin‐4 is a Ligand of Brain GLP‐1 Binding Sites

The distribution and biochemical properties of glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1(7–36)amide (GLP‐1) binding sites in the rat brain were investigated. By receptor autoradiography of tissue sections, the highest densities of [125I]GLP‐1 binding sites were identified in the lateral septum, the subfornical organ (SFO), the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the interpenduncular nucleus, the posterodorsal tegmental nucleus, the area postrema (AP), the inferior olive and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Binding studies with [125I][Tyr39]exendin‐4, a GLP‐1 receptor agonist, showed an identical distribution pattern of binding sites. Binding specificity and affinity was investigated using sections of the brainstem containing the NTS. Binding of [125I]GLP‐1 to the NTS was inhibited concentration‐dependently by unlabelled GLP‐1 and [Tyr39]exendin‐4 with K1 values of 3.5 and 9.4 nM respectively. Cross‐linking of hypothalamic membranes with [125I]GLP‐1 or [125I][Tyr39]exendin‐4 identified a single ligand‐binding protein complex with a molecular mass of 63 000 Da. The fact that no GLP‐1 binding sites were detected in the cortex but that they were detected in the phylogenetically oldest parts of the brain emphasizes that GLP‐1 may be involved in the regulation of vital functions. In conclusion, the biochemical data support the idea that the central GLP‐1 receptor resembles the peripheral GLP‐1 receptor. Furthermore, the presence of GLP‐1 binding sites in the circumventricular organs suggests that these may be receptors which act as the target for both peripheral blood‐borne GLP‐1 and GLP‐1 in the nervous system.
Regional left ventricular perfusion and function in patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain and no ST-segment elevation.

AIMS We hypothesized that the assessment of left ventricular regional function (RF) and myocardial perfusion (MP) will provide incremental value over routine evaluation in patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain (CP) and no ST-segment elevation. METHODS AND RESULTS In addition to routine clinical evaluation, patients with suspected cardiac CP and no ST-segment elevation were evaluated in the ED for RF and MP using contrast echocardiography (CE). Cardiac-related death, acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, congestive heart failure (CHF), and revascularization were considered as events within 48 h (early). Of the 1017 patients studied, 166 (16.3%) had early events. Adding RF increased the prognostic information of clinical and EKG variables significantly (Bonferroni corrected P<0.0001) for predicting these events. When MP was added, significant additional prognostic information was obtained (Bonferroni corrected P=0.0002). All patients were followed for a median of 7.7 months (25th-75th percentiles: 2.7-12.5) Of these, 292 (28.7%) had events. Adding RF increased the prognostic information of clinical and EKG variables for determining the risk of events significantly (Bonferroni corrected P<0.0001), which was further increased by adding MP (Bonferroni corrected P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Early assessment of RF on CE adds significant diagnostic and prognostic value to routine evaluation in patients presenting to the ED with suspected cardiac CP and no ST-segment elevation. MP provides additional significant value. CE could be a valuable tool in the early triage and management of CP patients presenting to the ED.
Exteroceptive and proprioceptive afferents of the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L.)

Central pathways converging upon the trigeminofacial motor nuclei of the mallard were studied in order to elucidate neuroanatomically the presumed influence of primary sensory trigeminal afferents upon jaw muscle activity. The techniques used included the Fink‐Heimer I method after lesions, and axonal transport labeling following injections of 3H‐leucine or of HRP for retrograde identification of the neurons of origin.
Decreased plasma neurotrophin-4/5 levels in bipolar disorder patients in mania.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate two poorly explored neurotrophins (NT), NT-3 and NT-4/5, in bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS Forty patients with type I BD (18 in remission and 22 in mania) and 25 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and educational attainment were enrolled in this study. All subjects were assessed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were used to evaluate severity of symptoms in BD patients. Plasma levels of NT-3 and NT-4/5 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS BD patients in mania presented decreased NT-4/5 plasma levels in comparison with controls (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in NT-3 plasma levels between BD patients and controls. CONCLUSION These findings corroborate the view that neurotrophin dysfunction is associated with mood states in patients with BD.
Postural control — a comparison between patients with chronic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency and healthy individuals

Postural control in the sagittal plane was evaluated in 22 patients with chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency and the result was compared to that of a control group of 20 uninjured subjects. Measurement of the body sway was done on a fixed and sway‐referenced force plate in both single‐limb and two‐limb stance, with the eyes open and closed, respectively. Further, an analysis of the postural reactions to perturbations backwards and forwards, respectively, was made in single‐limb stance.
Collagen expression in embryonic chicken chondrocytes treated with phorbol myristate acetate

Growth of embryonic chicken sternal chondrocytes in the presence of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a potent tumor promoter, resulted in a dramatic morphological change from spherical floating cells to adherent fibroblastic cells. This morphological change was accompanied by a quantitative switch from synthesis of cartilage-specific type II procollagen to type I procollagen. Type II procollagen mRNA levels decreased 10-fold in PMA-treated cells. Activation of type I collagen genes led to the accumulation of type I procollagen mRNA levels comparable to those of type II mRNA in these cells. However, only type I procollagen mRNA was translated. In addition to gene activation, unprocessed pro alpha 1(I) transcripts present at low levels in control chondrocytes were processed to mature mRNA species. Redifferentiation of PMA-treated chondrocytes was possible if cells were removed from PMA after the morphological change and cessation of type II procollagen synthesis but before detectable amounts of type I procollagen were synthesized. Production of type I collagen thus marks a late phase of chondrocyte "dedifferentiation" from which reversion is no longer possible. Redifferentiated cell populations contained 24-fold more pro alpha 1(II) collagen mRNA than pro alpha 1(I) collagen mRNA, but the rates of procollagen synthesis were comparable. This suggests that the PMA-mediated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes as well as their redifferentiation is under both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.
Preoperative lateral neck ultrasonography as a long-term outcome predictor in papillary thyroid cancer.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term outcomes and prognostic value of our sonographically based surgical approach to the lateral neck for recurrences in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). DESIGN Retrospective medical chart review. SETTING Tertiary cancer institution. PATIENTS The study population comprised 331 consecutive patients primarily treated for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) at a tertiary cancer institution between 1996 and 2003. The lateral neck compartments were surgically addressed only in the presence of abnormalities on ultrasonography (US). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Recurrence-free interval and overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival. RESULTS There were 112 male and 219 female patients, with a median age of 44.7 years (range, 11-87 years). The median follow-up time for the series was 77.9 months (range, 12.7-148.7 months). Preoperative US abnormalities were found in the right neck in 13.3%, in the left neck in 12.3%, and bilaterally in 11.2%; all of these patients underwent a lateral neck dissection at the time of the thyroidectomy. There were 11 recurrences in the series (0.3%), with a median time to presentation of 22.8 months (range, 6.0-55.3 months). Predictors of lateral neck disease-free interval were T stage and distant disease at presentation (P = .01 and P < .001, respectively) and the sonographic status of the ipsilateral and central neck (P = .001 and P < .001). The number of abnormal neck compartments in US correlated with the risk of regional failure (P = .01). The presence of US abnormalities in the lateral neck decreased the 10-year disease-specific survival from 98.3% to 66.9% (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative US is an excellent outcome predictor for lateral neck disease-free interval and for disease-specific survival in PTC. Sonographically based surgical approach provides excellent long-term regional control and validates current treatment guidelines.
Bleeding pattern and safety of consecutive use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)--a multicentre prospective study.

BACKGROUND The LNG-IUS has increasingly been used for contraception, treatment of menorrhagia and endometrial protection during hormone replacement therapy since mid-1990s. Thus, many women use the LNG-IUS consecutively. However, published data on the bleeding pattern regarding consecutive use of the LNG-IUS is scarce. METHODS We performed a prospective 15-month multicentre study on the bleeding profile, removal and insertion procedures and safety of the second LNG-IUS in fertile-aged women who had used their first LNG-IUS between 4 years 3 months and 4 years 9 months and who opted for the insertion of a second IUS immediately after removal of the first IUS. Bleeding data were reported descriptively starting from the last 90 days of the first IUS use and continuing for up to 1 year. RESULTS Of the 234 subjects screened, 204 (87%) entered the trial. The median number of bleeding/spotting days during the last 90 days of the first LNG-IUS was 7 (25 and 75% percentiles 0 and 15). Due to bleeding associated with the insertion procedure, this increased to 8 days (4 and 18) during the first 90-day reference period, thereafter decreasing to 4 (0 and 10) days during the second to fourth reference periods. Only one expulsion and no pregnancies, pelvic inflammatory diseases or perforations occurred. A total of 12 subjects (5.9%) prematurely discontinued the study: five due to an adverse event and seven due to other reasons (inclusive of loss to follow-up). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the favourable bleeding profile and safety of consecutive use of the LNG-IUS.
Sarcomere‐length dependence of myosin filament structure in skeletal muscle fibres of the frog

Contraction of skeletal muscle is thought to be regulated by a structural change in the actin‐containing thin filaments of the sarcomere, but recent results have suggested that a structural change in the myosin‐containing thick filaments may also be involved. We show that thick filament structure in resting muscle depends on the overlap with the thin filaments of the region of the thick filament containing myosin binding protein C (MyBP‐C). During isometric contraction, the regions of the thick filaments that do not overlap with thin filaments are highly disordered, in contrast to their helical order in resting muscle. The results provide strong support for the role of a structural transition in the thick filaments, mediated by an interaction between MyBP‐C and the thin filaments, in the physiological regulation of contraction in skeletal muscle.
Long‐term follow‐up of women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)

ASCUS is the most common epithelial abnormality diagnosed in cytology laboratories in the US. Recently, the clinical importance of this diagnosis has been seriously questioned, with some investigators advocating elimination of this diagnostic category. This might be inappropriate if the ASCUS designation does define a population that is at significant risk for the development of dysplasia. Cytology and surgical pathology reports for all patients diagnosed as ASCUS in our laboratory during 1990 were reviewed. Patients with previous dysplasia or carcinoma were excluded from analysis. The pathology reports for the subsequent 9.1 yr were obtained and follow‐up data collected. In 1990, 15,860 cervical cytology cases were examined in our laboratory. A diagnosis of ASCUS was made in 1,117 cases (7.0%). After excluding 345 patients with previous dysplasia or human papillomavirus‐related diagnoses and 129 patients with no follow‐up specimens, 643 study patients remained. Among these, the mean number of subsequent cervical smears was 4.3 (range, 1–18). Subsequent histologic material was available for 134 (20.8%) patients and the mean number of surgical specimens was 1.5 (range, 1–10). Squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) or dysplasia was subsequently diagnosed in 197 patients (30.6%). High‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or at least moderate dysplasia was diagnosed in 64 patients (10.0%). In 21 cases (3.3%) the high‐grade dysplasia developed more than 2 yr after the first ASCUS diagnosis. Follow‐up disclosed no cases of invasive carcinoma. Among ASCUS patients followed for up to 9 yr, 20% develop only low‐grade SIL or mild dysplasia and 10% develop HSIL or moderate or severe dysplasia. ASCUS should be retained as a diagnostic category since it identifies a significant percentage of patients who are at an increased risk for the development of cervical dysplasia. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:153–157. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploiting Cross-session Information for Session-based Recommendation with Graph Neural Networks

Different from the traditional recommender system, the session-based recommender system introduces the concept of the session, i.e., a sequence of interactions between a user and multiple items within a period, to preserve the user’s recent interest. The existing work on the session-based recommender system mainly relies on mining sequential patterns within individual sessions, which are not expressive enough to capture more complicated dependency relationships among items. In addition, it does not consider the cross-session information due to the anonymity of the session data, where the linkage between different sessions is prevented. In this article, we solve these problems with the graph neural networks technique. First, each session is represented as a graph rather than a linear sequence structure, based on which a novel Full Graph Neural Network (FGNN) is proposed to learn complicated item dependency. To exploit and incorporate cross-session information in the individual session’s representation learning, we further construct a Broadly Connected Session (BCS) graph to link different sessions and a novel Mask-Readout function to improve session embedding based on the BCS graph. Extensive experiments have been conducted on two e-commerce benchmark datasets, i.e., Yoochoose and Diginetica, and the experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposal through comparisons with state-of-the-art session-based recommender models.
CHFR‐associated early G2/M checkpoint defects in breast cancer cells

Cell division is a highly regulated process. Checkpoints can halt cell‐cycle progression due to adverse conditions such as misalignment of chromosomes to prevent missegregation. The search for new regulators of the cell cycle revealed the mitotic checkpoint gene CHFR (checkpoint with forkhead‐associated and ring finger). CHFR coordinates an early mitotic phase by delaying chromosome condensation in response to a mitotic stress. Because aneuploidy and chromosome instability are common in malignant breast tumors, we screened 24 breast cancer cell lines for CHFR expression and demonstrated that 50% (12 of 24) of breast cancer cell lines had low CHFR levels. Expression of CHFR was reactivated with the demethylating agent 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza‐dC) in two low‐CHFR–expressing cell lines. Eleven of these 12 (92%) low‐CHFR–expressing cell lines had an unusually high number of condensed chromosomes and high mitotic indices in response to nocodazole treatment. Transfection of CHFR in one of these cancer cell lines lowered the mitotic index after nocodazole treatment. In conclusion, our data suggested that low CHFR expression associated with high mitotic indices in response to nocodazole treatment were common in the breast cancer cell lines studied. Additional flow cytometry studies and analysis of a protein that interacts with CHFR in vitro, polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1), suggests that this CHFR‐associated early G2/M checkpoint is complex, involving additional, as yet unidentified, proteins. Further analysis of CHFR in breast cancer cells will be important for understanding the complex mechanisms leading to aneuploidy and chromosomal instability observed in breast cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3 alpha-OH-DHP and 5 alpha-THDOC implants to the ventral tegmental area facilitate sexual receptivity in hamsters after progesterone priming to the ventral medial hypothalamus.

Progesterone (P) stimulation to both the ventral medial hypothalamus (VMH) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is necessary to facilitate sexual receptivity in female hamsters, despite the sparse population of estrogen-induced P receptors found in the VTA. Instead, P may act at neuronal membranes in the VTA. These P effects may be mediated by actions on the gamma-aminobutyric acid A-(GABAA)-benzodiazepine receptor complex (GBR). Many progestin metabolites have a greater effect in vitro on benzodiazepine binding and Cl- flux than P. If P's actions are due to metabolism to a progestin more potent at the GBR, then applying one of those progestin metabolites directly to the VTA should facilitate receptivity, if coupled with P to the VMH. To test this hypothesis three P metabolites, in decreasing order of activity at cortical synaptosome GBR, were tested: 5 alpha-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one (3 alpha-OH-DHP), 5 alpha-pregnan-3 alpha,21-diol-20-one (5 alpha-THDOC) and 5 beta-pregnan-3 alpha,21-diol-20-one (5 beta-THDOC). Ovariectomized hamsters were implanted with chronic cannulae, one aimed above the VMH and the other over the contralateral VTA. Animals were estrogen-primed and tested for sexual receptivity 4 h after a P containing insert was applied to the VMH and a metabolite containing insert was applied to the VTA. The following week the contents of the tubes were reversed; on the third week P was applied to both sites. Facilitation of receptivity occurred only when P was applied to the VMH and either P or a metabolite was applied to the VTA. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)