Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Method for Estimating Jet Entrainment Effects on Nozzle-Afterbody Drag

Abstract : A highly simplified analysis was used to derive an expression for estimating the induced afterbody drag caused by the turbulent jet-mixing process. The approach estimates the induced velocity produced by the jet-mixing process and uses small perturbation concepts to estimate the resulting pressure change on the afterbody surface from which the induced afterbody drag coefficient is obtained. The theoretical induced afterbody drag (entrainment drag) is combined with the maximum jet plume diameter blockage condition to form a correlation method that accounts for the effect of jet area ratio, exit angle, total temperature, molecular weight and ratio of specific heats for a given external stream Mach number, Reynolds number, and afterbody geometry. For verification, the correlation method was used to predict the drag of an H2 and C2H4 jet from the measured drag of an N2 jet and to predict the drag of a hot jet from the measured drag of a cold jet for both the 15- and 25-deg AGARD afterbody configurations in the Mach number range from 0.6 to 1.5. The average accuracy of the correlation method is better than 10% for both afterbody configurations and is 40 to 50 % more accurate than a correlation method based only on the blockage parameter. A brief numerical study indicates that the major parameter which correlates the jet entrainment effect is the product of the jet gas constant and total temperature.
Infrared Space Observatory Measurements of a [C II] 158 Micron Line Deficitin Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies

We report measurements of the [C II] 157.74 μm fine-structure line in a sample of seven ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIGs) (LIR > 1012 L☉) with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer on the Infrared Space Observatory. The [C II] line is an important coolant in galaxies and arises in interstellar gas exposed to far-ultraviolet photons (hν≥11.26 eV); in ULIGs, this radiation stems from the bursts of star formation and/or from the active galactic nuclei that power the tremendous infrared luminosity. The [C II] 158 μm line is detected in four of the seven ULIGs; the absolute line flux (about a few times 10-20 W cm-2) represents some of the faintest extragalactic[C II] emission yet observed. Relative to the far-infrared continuum, the [C II] flux from the observed ULIGs is ~10% of that seen from nearby normal and starburst galaxies. We discuss possible causes for the [C II] deficit, namely (1) self-absorbed or optically thick [C II] emission, (2) saturation of the [C II] emission in photodissociated gas with high gas density n (≫3 × 103 cm-3) or with a high ratio of incident UV flux G0 to n (G0/n ≳ 10 cm3), or (3) the presence of a soft ultraviolet radiation field caused, for example, by a stellar population deficient in massive main-sequence stars. As nearby examples of colliding galaxies, ULIGs may resemble high-redshift protogalaxies in both morphology and spectral behavior. If true, the suggested [C II] deficit in ULIGs poses limitations on the detection rate of high-z sources and on the usefulness of [C II] as an eventual tracer of protogalaxies.
Push‐pull tracer tests: Their information content and use for characterizing non‐Fickian, mobile‐immobile behavior

Path reversibility and radial symmetry are often assumed in push‐pull tracer test analysis. In reality, heterogeneous flow fields mean that both assumptions are idealizations. To understand their impact, we perform a parametric study which quantifies the scattering effects of ambient flow, local‐scale dispersion, and velocity field heterogeneity on push‐pull breakthrough curves and compares them to the effects of mobile‐immobile mass transfer (MIMT) processes including sorption and diffusion into secondary porosity. We identify specific circumstances in which MIMT overwhelmingly determines the breakthrough curve, which may then be considered uninformative about drift and local‐scale dispersion. Assuming path reversibility, we develop a continuous‐time‐random‐walk‐based interpretation framework which is flow‐field‐agnostic and well suited to quantifying MIMT. Adopting this perspective, we show that the radial flow assumption is often harmless: to the extent that solute paths are reversible, the breakthrough curve is uninformative about velocity field heterogeneity. Our interpretation method determines a mapping function (i.e., subordinator) from travel time in the absence of MIMT to travel time in its presence. A mathematical theory allowing this function to be directly “plugged into” an existing Laplace‐domain transport model to incorporate MIMT is presented and demonstrated. Algorithms implementing the calibration are presented and applied to interpretation of data from a push‐pull test performed in a heterogeneous environment. A successful four‐parameter fit is obtained, of comparable fidelity to one obtained using a million‐node 3‐D numerical model. Finally, we demonstrate analytically and numerically how push‐pull tests quantifying MIMT are sensitive to remobilization, but not immobilization, kinetics.
Timing and Frequency Synchronization Algorithm for Distributed MIMO- OFDM Systems

In this paper, we investigate symbol timing offset and carrier frequency offset estimation problem in distributed MIMO-OFDM systems. In distributed MIMO-OFDM systems, signals arrive at the receiving antennas on different timings and are characterized by distinct CFOs. This property makes synchronization an extremely challenging task as compared with the centralized ones. A training sequence which consists of two OFDM symbols having a reduplicate and conjugate structure is proposed to perform synchronization. Timing offsets are estimated using cross- correlation type algorithm. The fractional frequency offset is estimated using the phase difference of the two duplicated training symbols, and the integral frequency offset is estimated by utilizing the opposite shifts feature of cross correlation. The analysis and simulation results show that adopting the proposed preamble structure and synchronization algorithm, the receiver can estimate not only the STOs but also the CFOs from all transmitters. And the proposed algorithm is shown to have better performance, in terms of synchronization errors, than the UPSP method.
Factors Affecting Rumen Fermentation Using Batch Culture Technique

The method of batch culture has been widely applied to evaluate feed value and screen feed additives. The advantages of using this in vitro technique as compared to in vivo methods are many, including low cost, simplicity, requirement of small quantities of feed or additives and the ability to screen large numbers of samples under similar experimental conditions. However, the number of factors associated with the batch culture could alter fermentation outcomes. This chapter discusses the potential impact of series factors on in vitro fermentation and the considerations on improving application of batch culture in ruminant nutrition. The factors that are discussed include inoculum source, gas-recording methods, substrate particle size, substrate delivery method, ratio of rumen inoculum to buffer in mixture of media and addition of soluble carbohydrate in media. Some recent important results obtained using batch culture technique have been highlighted and discussed. Any particular batch system being accepted as the ‘standard’ procedure seems difficult. However, before any protocol can be adopted, sufficient data need to be developed to reduce the variation and improve the consistence of the measurements.
From Carnivore to Detritivore? Isotopic Evidence for Leaf Litter Utilization by the Tropical Pitcher Plant Nepenthes ampullaria

Nepenthes pitcher plants trap prey in specialized leaves formed into pitchers. Most lowland species live in open, sunny habitats and capture prey to obtain nutrients, principally nitrogen (N). Nepenthes ampullaria is commonly found under closed canopy forest and possesses morphological traits that indicate adaptation to trap leaf litter as a nutrient source. We tested this hypothesis by comparing foliar stable N isotope abundance (δ15N) between plants growing under forest canopy at 20 sites (litterfall present) and those growing in 20 open areas (no litterfall) in Borneo. Foliar δ15N values were significantly lower and total N concentrations were higher for the plants with access to litterfall. Using a mixing model, we estimated that N. ampullaria plants growing under forest canopy derived \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$35.7\% \pm 0.1\% $$ \end{document} of their foliar N from leaf litter inputs.
Traditional Versus Heterodox Motives for Academic Patenting: Evidence from the Netherlands

This paper examines what motivates university researchers to patent the results of collaborative research with business firms. We provide evidence of the existence of a motivational academic patenting space comprising (i) an industry-driven domain related to traditional-market motives (protection of inventions that will be commercialized); (ii) a university-driven domain driven by various (“heterodox”) motives related mostly to signalling specific research competences and (iii) a “hybrid” publicly driven domain related to projects aligned to the research agendas of public sponsors. These three types of motivations reflect the connections between academic patenting and different types of innovation, and the roles of industry partners in proposing, financing and performing specific research projects. We use data from 16 in depth case studies of innovations developed by Dutch universities to provide preliminary empirical evidence of this typology of motivational spaces for patenting university knowledge.
Origin of deep ocean microseisms by using teleseismic body waves

Recent studies of oceanic microseisms have concentrated on fundamental mode surface waves. Extraction of fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love wave Green functions from station-station correlations of ambient seismic noise has recently been demonstrated to be a very powerful tool for imaging of the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. In this study we concentrate on energetic arrivals in two frequency bands around the primary (14 s) and the secondary (7 s) microseismic peaks that appear at near-zero times in noise cross correlations. Thanks to a polarization analysis of data from the Eastern Turkey Seismic Experiment network, we identify this “near-zero time” signal as an upcoming P wave in the secondary microseismic frequency band (5-10 s). In a second step, analyzing noise cross correlations from three different arrays (in Yellowstone, in Turkey, and in Kyrgyzstan), we determine the origin of these signals by means of beam-forming analysis and its projection on the Earth. Our results show that in the 0.1-0.3 Hz frequency band, the energetic “near-zero” time arrivals in seismic noise cross correlations are mainly formed by teleseismic P, PP, and PKP waves. Generation of this ambient body waves in the secondary microseismic band presents a marked seasonal behavior with sources located in southern and northern oceans during summer and winter, respectively. Moreover, body wave array analysis is accurate enough to confirm that significant amount of the microseism energy is generated far from the coast in deep oceans.
Harmonic and sub-harmonic resonance of MEMS subjected to a weakly non-linear parametric and external excitations

This paper presents a simplied mathematical model for the purpose of studying the resonant responses of a nonlinear dynamical system, (micro - electro - mechanical systems (MEMS)), which represented by a Van-der Pol equation subjected to a weakly non-linear parametric and forcing excitations. Using Multiple scales method, the Van-der Pol equation is transformed to a system of second order dierential equation up to rst order of small parameter ". Three types of resonances are studied (harmonic resonance and subharmonic resonances of even order (one half and one - fourth )). The modulation equations for each resonances, steady state solutions, frequency-response equations, stability analysis are determined. Numerical analysis for frequency-response equations and stability conditions are carried out. Results are presented graphically by group of gures. Finally discussion for these gures
Excluding the Rural Population: The Impact of Public Expenditure on Child Malnutrition in Peru

Why is the urban-rural gap in child malnutrition increasing in Peru despite government efforts to improve the provision of public services? To answer this question, the impact of regional public expenditure in Peru on young children's nutritional outcomes is examined. To account for policy endogeneity, public expenditures are instrumented using unanticipated regional mining revenues. Even after accounting for changes in expenditure composition due to increases in mining revenues, public spending has a significant and positive impact on children's outcomes only in urban areas. However, even in urban areas, barriers exist that diminish the effectiveness of public expenditure, so indigenous and frailer children in these areas do not benefit from public spending. These children face constraints that limit their ability to use public services. This result reveals the paramount importance of initial conditions. In rural areas, possibly because of the lower quantity and quality of public services, there is no positive effect for any children.
2 Detection of Bacillus Spores by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

On September 18 and October 9, 2001, two sets of letters containing Bacillus anthracis spores passed through the United States Postal Service’s Trenton, NJ, Processing and Distribution Center (Jernigan et al., 2001). The first set was destined for Florida and New York, while the second set was destined for Washington, DC. The infection of 22 people by these spores resulted in 5 deaths: a media employee in Florida, two postal workers in DC, a hospital worker in New York, and a retired woman in Connecticut (Inglesby et al., 2002). This bioterrorism event closely followed the September 11, 2001 attack on the Pentagon building and the World Trade Center towers, which added to the nation’s concern about terrorism within US borders. There was additional anxiety associated with this second attack, in that the extent of spore distribution along the east coast was unknown, and it took a long time to determine who was infected. This was even true for the letter that was mailed to Senator Tom Daschle at the Hart Senate Office (HSO) Building in DC. While the powder that fell from the letter was immediately suspected as B. anthracis, due to the previous week’s news from Florida and New York, and collection of nasal swabs from HSO personnel was initiate within 9 hours (Hsu et al., 2002), it still took several additional days to determine who was exposed and infected (Jernigan et al., 2001,).
Investigating the Impact of TQM on Financial, Quality and Innovation Performance

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a customer management philosophy, this strategy centered on the quality. It is also a modern management concept that successful organizations worldwide have adopted. TQM is an application of a number of activities with perfect synergy. These activities include focus on the process, the use of quantitative methods, continuous process improvement, supplier partnership, customer focus, leadership, total employee involvement/team work, training. Companies in the manufacturing sector carefully and systematically monitor their financial, quality and innovation performances to stand competitive in the marketplace. Our paper aims to investigate the impact of the TQM on financial, quality and innovation performances. It will present a research framework that can be used to investigate the impact of TQM on these entities. This is done by developing a group of arguments and using the literature review that highlights both positive and negative relationship.
A Toaster for Life:using design fiction to facilitate discussion on the creation of a sustainable Internet Of Things

This paper presents a design fiction created by the author – the Toaster For Life. The design is an initial prototype that seeks to embody Sterling’s concept of spimes which when viewed simply, are a class of near future, sustainable, manufactured objects designed to make the implicit impacts of a technological product’s entire lifecycle more explicit to its potential users. This paper argues that when properly understood, spimes act as a rhetorical device that can be used as a lens through which designers can speculate and reflect upon sustainable technological product futures whilst also critiquing the unsustainable production and consumption practices that define our current lifestyles. To make this case, the paper contextualises the Toaster For Life in relation to the spimes concept, the unsustainability of Internet of Things products and sustainable design praxis; and reflects upon the design fiction methodology used to highlight the potential benefits of such an approach.
Emotion and Attention Recognition Based on Biological Signals and Images

This chapter will attempt to introduce the different approaches for recognition of emotional and attentional states, from a historical development, focusing particularly on the recent development of the field and its specialization within psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and engineering. The basic idea of this book is to present a common framework for the neuroscientists from diverse backgrounds in the cognitive neuroscience to illustrate their theoretical and applied research findings in emotion, stress, and attention.
Exploring Classifier Combinations for Language Variety Identification

This paper describes CLiPS’s submissions for the Discriminating between Dutch and Flemish in Subtitles (DFS) shared task at VarDial 2018. We explore different ways to combine classifiers trained on different feature groups. Our best system uses two Linear SVM classifiers; one trained on lexical features (word n-grams) and one trained on syntactic features (PoS n-grams). The final prediction for a document to be in Flemish Dutch or Netherlandic Dutch is made by the classifier that outputs the highest probability for one of the two labels. This confidence vote approach outperforms a meta-classifier on the development data and on the test data.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LOCAL DEFENCE SYSTEM IN THE SKIN OF PSORIASIS PATIENTS Summary

s and presentations in international conferences (8) 1. Mozeika E. , Pilmane M. , Kisis J. Antimicrobial peptides in psoriatic skin lesions – an immunohistochemical study, 9 th Congress of the Baltic Association of Dermatovenerology (BADV) abstract, Tartu 2010, abstract published in homepage of the congress. (Oral presentation) 2. Mozeika E. , Pilmane M. , Kisis J. Immunohistochemical analysis of inflammatory markers and neuropeptides in psoriasis, 3 rd International Congress on Psoriasis abstract, Paris 2010, JEADV (2010) 24 (Suppl. 4), 7. (Poster and Oral presentations) 3. Mozeika E. , Pilmane M. , Kisis J. Distribution of human β-defensin 2, TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in psoriatic skin, Baltic Morphology 6 th scientific conference abstract, Tartu 2011, abstract book 28. p. (Oral presentation) 4. Mozeika E. , Pilmane M. , Kisis J. Distribution and appearance of antimicrobial peptides, neuropeptides and inflammatory markers in psoriatic lesions, 6 th International Congress Psoriasis From Gene to Clinic abstract, London 2011, abstract book 66. p. and British Journal of Dermatology 12.2011. supplement. (Poster presentation)
Wideband Inductor-less LNA with Resistive Feedback and Noise Cancelation

In this master thesis a wideband, inductorless LNA for GSM and WCDMA with noise canceling is examined and designed in 90-nm RF CMOS process. The goal was to design a wideband LNA that could work as a drop in solution in ST-Ericsson’s receiver and have an input match below -12 dB for a bandwidth of 800 MHz to 2.5 GHz. The proposed LNA combines two techniques, resistive feedback and noise cancellation to provide both a wideband input match and good noise and linearity performance. The result is a wideband, differential LNA without any need for external matching components. Furthermore, the solution is inductorless which saves valuable area on chip. The LNA covers frequency bands within 800 MHz – 2.5 GHz with S11 below -12.8 dBm and provides a voltage gain of 27 dB. The NF is below 2.1 dB and IIP3 is greater than -4 dBm with a power consumption of only 28 mW. In the receiver test bench the mixer is used as load which results in a conversion gain higher than 24 dB, S11 below -12.8 dBm, NF below 4 dB and IIP3 higher than -6.2 dB. This solution has many features such as high bandwidth with a good input match, inductorless design saving area and costs and is fully differential.
Single robot exploration using Range sensors

Performance of an autonomous robot mapping unknown environments depends on its exploration strategy. In this paper, we identify critical problems in the existing exploration strategies that lead to poor exploration and analyse the reasons behind the varying performance across different test scenarios. Based on observations and evaluation of our results, we generalize the robot behaviour in each of the test cases in form of a general framework. In addition to this, we propose a novel exploration algorithm that employs a layered planning approach. First, we use the solution to the Travelling Salesman Problem as a global plan. Second, we locally optimize the trajectory based on information gradient to give smoother and maximally informative local plans. Experiments performed both in indoor and outdoor settings proves to show that our proposed approach significantly outperforms the existing approaches in terms of 128% shorter path length and 140% lesser energy costs.
EISCAT observations of pump‐enhanced plasma temperature and optical emission excitation rate as a function of power flux

[1] We analyze optical emissions and enhanced electron temperatures induced by high power HF radio waves as a function of power flux using the EISCAT heater with a range of effective radiated powers. The UHF radar was used to measure the electron temperatures and densities. The Digital All Sky Imager was used to record the 630.0 nm optical emission intensities. We quantify the HF flux loss due to self-absorption in the D-region (typically 3–11 dB) and refraction in the F-region to determine the flux which reaches the upper-hybrid resonance height. We find a quasi-linear relationship between the HF flux and both the temperature enhancement and the optical emission excitation rate with a threshold at ∼37.5 μWm−2. On average ∼70% of the HF flux at the upper-hybrid resonance height goes in to heating the electrons for fluxes above the threshold compared to ∼40% for fluxes below the threshold.