Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with cardiac syncope: an idiopathic case treated with carbamazepine and duloxetine

A 57 year old man was admitted in the Neurology Department because of episodes of pharyngodynia preceded to various duration of syncope when the pain was intense. After prolonged period of unconsciousness convulsive movements were noticed at the upper limbs. Episodes of unconsciousness presented 4–6 times daily in relation to pharyngodynia stereotyped paroxysms of severe intensity lasting approximately 1 min, which were much more frequent during day time. Paroxysmal pain attacks originated from the right lower jaw involving the right pharynx, tonsil and posterior third of the tongue. The pain provoked by swallowing, chewing, coughing or talking and the patient was unable to eat resulting in weight loss of approximately 7–8 kg during the last 15 days. Neurological examination was without clinically evident neurological deficit. Cerebral computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain and electroencephalogram were within normal limits, whilst magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of brain and neck did not show any compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve by an aberrant vessel. Hematological and biochemical examinations were also normal. From the 24 h ECG recording during prolonged and intense pain (GN), episodes of asystole lasting 6–7 s were recorded (Fig. 1). These episodes were well correlated with the pain especially the intense ones. As far as the diagnosis of GN was established, initially carbamazepine was administered without success, and shortly afterwards duloxetine was added to his regimen leading to a successful and complete control of the pain. The relief of the pain abolished the accompanied episodes of syncope as well, together with the GN. This was confirmed with the repeated 24 h ECG recording, as soon as the pain was suppressed and the patient became asymptomatic resulting in a repeated recording with normal sinus node rhythm without any evidence of rhythm disturbances in the meaning of bradycardia or episodes of asystole. There was no need for temporary or permanent pacing to support the patient during episodes of asystole except from closed monitoring of the rhythm and by restricting–prohibiting mobilization of the patient, to avoid undesirable injuring. Two months after the onset of the combined therapy the patient was completely asymptomatic without GN relapse or syncope relapse and carbamazepine was discontinued with gradual tapering. The patient was followed-up for 6 months receiving only duloxetine and being completely asymptomatic.
Water table detection by GPR in Sardon, Salamanca, Spain

GPR was applied in the semi-arid Sardon catchment (Salamanca, Spain) in order to analyze the distribution of the water table depth with a high spatial resolution to serve as input in the parameterization of a hydrological model. We used a pulse radar with a single 200 MHz bowtie antenna combined with a differential GPS and a survey wheel for accurate positioning. Measurements were performed following a series of transects crossing perpendicularly the bed of the Sardon streams, which were dry during that period (September 2009). We measured the depth of the water table in several observation wells to interpret and validate the GPR data. A time domain reflectometry probe was used to estimate the shallow soil dielectric permittivity and corresponding wave propagation velocity along the transects. In general, the water table was visible in the GPR data, with depths ranging from about 2 to 3 meters.
Assessment of abdominal involvement of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma by ultrasonography: Comparison among four clinical types

Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an HTLV‐I associated lymphoid malignancy frequently seen in Japan. Abdominal involvement in 40 patients with ATLL were assessed by ultrasonography and the findings seen in four clinical types, acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering, were compared. Splenomegaly was frequently found in the cases of acute and lymphoma types, and the sizes of the spleens measured by ultrasonography correlated well with the disease activity. Hepatomegaly was also found more frequently in acute and lymphoma types, and hepato‐splenomegaly was proved to be due to the infiltration by ATL cells. Nodular lesions in spleen and liver and abdominal lymph node swelling were also found frequently in the lymphoma type but rarely in the other types. Ascites, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion were found in the active stage of acute and lymphoma types. Ultrasonography also could detect findings associated with therapies. Thus, ultrasonography studies were found to be very useful for assessing the clinical classification, examining various pathological conditions associated with ATLL, and monitoring the disease activity.
Central achromatopsia

The neuropsychologic, neuroanatomic, and neurophysiologic correlates of achromatopsia were studied in two patients. Prosopagnosia accompanied the color perception defect in the bilateral case but not in the unilateral one. No other neuropsychologic disturbance was present in either case. The lesions compromised the ventromedial sector of the occipital lobe in both cases. Cerebral evoked responses produced by pattern shift stimulation were normal for black and white but abnormal for red and green, when stimulation was given in the achromatopsic field.
Human Pulmonary Acinar Aplasia: Reduction of Transforming Growth Factor-β Ligands and Receptors

Pulmonary hypoplasia has been found in the human neonatal autopsy population and has been attributed to an alteration in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during development of the lung. Pulmonary acinar aplasia is a very rare and severe form of pulmonary hypoplasia. The transforming growth factor-betas (TGF-β) are multifunctional regulatory peptides that are secreted by a variety of normal and malignant cells and are expressed in developing organs including the lung; their tissue distribution patterns have possible significance for signaling roles in many epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Here, we report our examination of TGF-β in the lungs of a term female infant diagnosed with pulmonary acinar aplasia whose autopsy revealed extremely hypoplastic lungs with complete absence of alveolar ducts and alveoli. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses were used to localize and measure the proteins and mRNA, respectively, for TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, and TGF-β type I and type II receptors (TGF-β RI and RII) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of these hypoplastic lungs and normal lungs. Immunostaining for TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β RI and RII was significantly lower in the bronchial epithelium and muscle of the hypoplastic lungs than in normal lungs, whereas no difference was detected in staining for other proteins including Clara cell 10-kD protein, adrenomedullin, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, and hepatocyte growth factor receptor/Met in the hypoplastic and normal lungs or in the liver and kidneys of this infant compared with normal liver and kidney. In addition, in situ hybridization showed that TGF-β1 and TGF-β RI transcripts were considerably reduced in the bronchial epithelium of the hypoplastic lung compared with normal lung. These results show that there is a selective reduction of TGF-β in pulmonary acinar aplasia and suggest that the signaling action of TGF-β in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the lungs of this developmental condition may be compromised.
Interplay of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Bone Marrow Transplantation: Focus on Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease

Abstract Endothelial cells are unique multifunctional cells with basal and inducible metabolic and synthetic functions. Various stimuli can induce physiological or pathological changes in endothelial cell biology. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires high-dose irradiation and/or chemotherapy and is associated with increased risk of bacterial infections and immune reactions. These factors can affect endothelial cells. This review provides an overview of the effects of HSCT on endothelial cells, based on findings observed in cultured cells as well as in patients. We first describe to what extent irradiation and chemotherapy constitute direct and indirect triggers for endothelial cell activation and injury. Then, we highlight the role of the endothelium in several complications of HSCT, including capillary leak syndrome, engraftment syndrome, transplant-associated microangiopathy, graft-versus-host disease, and diffuse alveolar hemorrhages. We also analyze in detail available data on sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, previously known as veno-occlusive disease of the liver, where liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are first injured and eventually lead to sinusoid occlusion and liver cell damage. Finally, we open the question of the possible contribution of endothelial damage to cardiovascular events occurring long after HSCT.
Preventable adverse drug events in hospitalized patients: a comparative study of intensive care and general care units.

OBJECTIVES To compare the frequency and preventability of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events in intensive care units (ICUs) and non-ICUs. To evaluate systems factors involving the individual caregivers, care unit teams, and patients involved in each adverse drug event by comparing ICUs with non-ICUs and medical ICUs with surgical ICUs. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. Participants included all 4,031 adult admissions to a stratified, random sample of 11 medical and surgical units in two tertiary care hospitals over a 6-month period. Units included two medical and three surgical ICUs and four medical and two surgical general care units. SETTING Two tertiary care hospitals: Eleven medical and surgical units, including two medical and three surgical ICUs. PATIENTS Adult admissions (n = 4,031). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Rate of preventable adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events, length of stay, charges, costs, and measures of the unit's environment. Incidents were detected by stimulated self-report by nurses and pharmacists and by daily review of all charts by nurse investigators. Incidents were subsequently classified by two independent reviewers as to whether they represented adverse drug events or potential adverse drug events and as to severity and preventability. Those individuals involved in the preventable adverse drug event and potential adverse drug event underwent detailed interviews by peer case-investigators. The rate of preventable adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events in ICUs was 19 events per 1000 patient days, nearly twice that rate of non-ICUs (p <.01). The medical ICU rate (25 events per 1000 patient days) was significantly (p <.05) higher than the surgical ICU rate (14 events per 1000 patient days). When adjusted for the number of drugs used in the previous 24 hrs or ordered since admission, there were no differences in rates between ICUs and non-ICUs. ICU acuity, length of stay, and severity of the adverse drug event were greater in ICUs than non-ICUs, but there were no differences between medical ICU and surgical ICU patients. Structured interviews indicated almost no differences between ICUs and non-ICUs for many characteristics of the patient, patient care team, systems, and individual caregivers. CONCLUSIONS The rate of preventable and potential adverse drug events was twice as high in ICUs compared with non-ICUs. However, when adjusted for the number of drugs ordered, there was no greater likelihood for preventable adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events to occur in ICUs than in non-ICUs. Preventable adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events occurred in units that functioned normally and involved caregivers who were working under reasonably normal circumstances, not at the extremes of workload, stress, or a difficult environment.
An evaluation of drug treatments for adolescents in 4 US cities.

BACKGROUND Little is known about outcomes of community-based treatment programs for adolescents with drug problems. METHODS We studied 1167 adolescents (age range, 11-18 years; 368 females, 799 males) from 4 US cities (Pittsburgh, Pa; Minneapolis, Minn; Chicago, Ill; and Portland, Ore) using a naturalistic, nonexperimental evaluation design. These adolescents were consecutive admissions during the period from 1993 to 1995 at 23 community-based treatment programs in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies for Adolescents. Included were 418 admissions to 8 residential programs, 292 admissions to 9 outpatient drug-free programs, and 457 admissions to 6 short-term inpatient programs. RESULTS Adolescents in treatment typically had multiple problems (eg, 58.4% of them were involved in the legal system, and 63.0% met diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder). Nevertheless, less than half (43.8%) of all patients reported weekly marijuana use in the year following treatment (dropping from 80.4% in the year before admission). Similarly, there were decreases in heavy drinking (dropping from 33.8% to 20.3%), use of other illicit drugs (dropping from 48.0% to 42.2%), and criminal involvement (dropping from 75.6% to 52.8%). Additionally, patients reported better psychological adjustment and school performance after treatment. Longer stays in treatment were positively associated with several favorable outcomes, although length of time in treatment was generally short. CONCLUSIONS Substance abuse treatment for adolescents is effective in achieving many important behavioral and psychological improvements. Strategies specific to adolescents to improve their treatment retention and completion are needed to maximize the therapeutic benefits of drug treatment.
Prevalence and characteristics of misreporting of energy intake in US adults: NHANES 2003–2012

Abstract Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2012, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of under-reporting and over-reporting of energy intake (EI) among 19 693 US adults ≥20 years of age. For the assessment of EI, two 24-h dietary recalls were conducted using the US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Under-reporters, acceptable reporters and over-reporters of EI were identified by two methods based on the 95 % confidence limits: (1) for agreement between the ratio of EI to BMR and a physical activity level for sedentary lifestyle (1·55) and (2) of the expected ratio of EI to estimated energy requirement (EER) of 1·0. BMR was calculated using Schofield’s equations. EER was calculated using equations from the US Dietary Reference Intakes, assuming ‘low active’ level of physical activity. The risk of being an under-reporter or over-reporter compared with an acceptable reporter was analysed using multiple logistic regression. Percentages of under-reporters, acceptable reporters and over-reporters were 25·1, 73·5 and 1·4 %, respectively, based on EI:BMR, and 25·7, 71·8 and 2·5 %, respectively, based on EI:EER. Under-reporting was associated with female sex, older age, non-Hispanic blacks (compared with non-Hispanic whites), lower education, lower family poverty income ratio and overweight and obesity. Over-reporting was associated with male sex, younger age, lower family poverty income ratio, current smoking (compared with never smoking) and underweight. Similar findings were obtained when analysing only the first 24-h recall data from NHANES 1999–2012 (n 28 794). In conclusion, we found that misreporting of EI, particularly under-reporting, remains prevalent and differential in US adults.
Immunocompetent T‐Cells with a Memory‐Like Phenotype are the Dominant Cell Type Following Antibody‐Mediated T‐Cell Depletion

T‐cell depletion facilitates reduced immunosuppression following organ transplantation and has been suggested to be pro‐tolerant. However, the characteristics of post‐depletional T cells have not been evaluated as they relate to tolerance induction. We therefore studied patients undergoing profound T‐cell depletion with alemtuzumab or rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin following renal transplantation, evaluating the phenotype and functional characteristics of their residual cells. Naïve T cells and T cells with potential regulatory function (CD4+CD25+) were not prevalent following aggressive depletion. Rather, post‐depletion T cells were of a single phenotype (CD3+CD4+CD45RA‐CD62L‐CCR7‐) consistent with depletion‐resistant effector memory T cells that expanded in the first month and were uniquely prevalent at the time of rejection. These cells were resistant to steroids, deoxyspergualin or sirolimus in vitro, but were calcineurin‐inhibitor sensitive. These data demonstrate that therapeutic depletion begets a limited population of functional memory‐like T cells that are easily suppressed with certain immunosuppressants, but cannot be considered uniquely pro‐tolerant.
The interface between magic, plants and language

This article looks at the interface between magic, plants and language. After examining various conceptualisations of ‘magic’, the article focuses specifically on the manipulation of materia, particularly when accompanied by the ritual use of language. The emphasis in this part of the article is on incantations, recitation of spells, curses and similar utterances. Examples are given first from various cultures in Europe, then from Africa as a whole, and finally from Zulu culture. In examining these ‘words of power’ and the way they are used together with plants and other materia, the articles explores the notion that the name of a plant may often contain as much power as the plant itself. The article then goes on to look specifically at Zulu plant names, and concludes that in addition to their power in various forms of magic, such names may also have a mnemonic function, assisting traditional healers and diviners to remember not only the name of a particular plant, but its various functions in society as well.
Functional Expression of hMYH, a Human Homolog of the Escherichia coli MutY Protein

ABSTRACT We have previously described the hMYH cDNA and genomic clones (M. M. Slupska et al., J. Bacteriol. 178:3885–3892, 1996). Here, we report that the enzyme expressed from an hMYH cDNA clone in Escherichia coli complements the mutator phenotype in a mutY mutant and can remove A from an A · 8-hydroxydeoxyguanine mismatch and to a lesser extent can remove A from an A · G mismatch in vitro.
THE DOTHAN PRICING MODEL REVISITED

We compute zero‐coupon bond prices in the Dothan model by solving the associated PDE using integral representations of heat kernels and Hartman–Watson distributions. We obtain several integral formulas for the price P(t, T) at time t > 0 of a bond with maturity T > 0 that complete those of the original paper of Dothan, which are shown not to always satisfy the boundary condition P(T, T) = 1.
Genotypic patterns of multiple isolates of M. tuberculosis from tuberculous HIV patients

Summary We investigated whether the recurrence of tuberculosis in HIV‐infected patients is due to an exogenous reinfection or relapses after antituberculosis chemotherapy. We reviewed clinical information on 32 patients at a Rio de Janeiro hospital from whom multiple Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were taken. All isolates were analysed by DRE‐PCR fingerprinting technique, and those with identical DRE‐PCR patterns were analysed by the RFLP method. Twenty patients had M. tuberculosis simultaneously isolated from different organs. These patients and nine others with sequential positive cultures after 2 months of therapy showed stable DRE‐PCR and RFLP patterns. One patient's isolate became resistant to isoniazid, but the molecular pattern remained unchanged despite the development of drug resistance. In three patients, the DRE‐PCR patterns of the isolates changed dramatically. Clinical and microbiological evidence was consistent with active tuberculosis caused by a new strain of M. tuberculosis. The exogenous reinfection of the three patients was not due to an outbreak, but the isolates from each patient showed unique patterns.
Incidence, Duration, Persistence, and Factors Associated With High-risk Anal Human Papillomavirus Persistence Among HIV-negative Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Multinational Study.

BACKGROUND Given high rates of anal disease, we investigated the natural history of high-risk anal human papillomavirus (HPV) among a multinational group of men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 18-64 years. METHODS Anal specimens from human immunodeficiency virus-negative men from Brazil, Mexico, and the United States were genotyped. Over 2 years, 406 MSM provided evaluable specimens every 6 months for ≥2 visits. These men were stratified into men who have sex only with men (MSOM, n = 70) and men who have sex with women and men (MSWM, n = 336). Persistence was defined as ≥12 months' type-specific duration and could begin with either a prevalent or incident infection. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by Poisson regression. RESULTS Median follow-up time was 2.1 years. Retention was 82%. Annual cumulative incidence of 9-valent vaccine types was 19% and 8% among MSOM and MSWM, respectively (log-rank P = .02). Duration of anal HPV did not differ for MSOM and MSWM and was a median of 6.9 months for HPV-16 after combining men from the 2 groups. Among men with prevalent high-risk infection (n = 106), a total of 36.8%, retained the infection for at least 24 months. For those with prevalent HPV-16 (n = 27), 29.6% were persistent for at least 24 months. Persistence of high-risk HPV was associated with number of male anal sex partners and inversely associated with number of female sex partners. CONCLUSIONS MSM with prevalent high-risk HPV infection should be considered at increased risk for nontransient infection.
Can we rely on RE-LY?

In patients with atrial fibrillation, warfarin prevents 64% of strokes.1 Thus, warfarin has become the recommended treatment for candidates for anticoagulation therapy who have atrial fibrillation and at least one additional risk factor for stroke.2 Despite clear and consistent recommendations,3 warfarin is prescribed to only two thirds of appropriate candidates.4 Several factors contribute to suboptimal use of warfarin therapy: drug and dietary interactions, inconvenience of monitoring the international normalized ratio (INR), risk of hemorrhage, and concerns about real-world effectiveness, which averages 35%. 4 Thus, new oral anticoagulants are needed. Dabigatran etexilate, an oral thrombin inhibitor, appears to be an anticoagulant that .
Vietnamese Semantic Role Labelling

In this paper, we study semantic role labelling (SRL), a subtask of semantic parsing of natural language sentences and its application for the Vietnamese language. We present our effort in building Vietnamese PropBank, the first Vietnamese SRL corpus and a software system for labelling semantic roles of Vietnamese texts. In particular, we present a novel constituent extraction algorithm in the argument candidate identification step which is more suitable and more accurate than the common node-mapping method. In the machine learning part, our system integrates distributed word features produced by two recent unsupervised learning models in two learned statistical classifiers and makes use of integer linear programming inference procedure to improve the accuracy. The system is evaluated in a series of experiments and achieves a good result, an $F_1$ score of 74.77%. Our system, including corpus and software, is available as an open source project for free research and we believe that it is a good baseline for the development of future Vietnamese SRL systems.