Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling of optical modulators for optical link analysis Optical link analysis in silicon photonics technologies

According to the Ethernet Roadmap projections, the requirements for high speed links keep increasing every year, always considering the energy consumption per bit of the communication system as a significant factor. The Ethernet requirements are estimated to reach 1T bps by 2022-2025. Optical links are a concrete solutions to satisfy bandwidth requirements at low energy consumption. An optical link is a communication system that consists of a single end-to-end optical circuit. In contrast with vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) technology, which is based on a direct laser modulation, silicon photonics technology (SPT) is based on indirect modulation and can lead to many advantages such as C-MOS compatibility, integration and low costs. In order to perform a modulation in SPT, electro-optical modulators are needed in the optical link system for electrically modulating the optical power. This master thesis, developed at IMEC, will present the modeling of two different technologies of optical modulators: the Silicon Ring Modulator and the Franz-Keldysh ElectroAbsorption Modulator. After having studied the physical working principles, the models for these two modulators were realized, in order to complete the IMEC models framework of silicon photonics technologies for performing optical link analysis. Firstly, it was performed a preliminary study of the physical principles of the two devices in order to build the MATLAB models. Then, these models were fitted with measurements, in order to adjust the characteristics to a real-life behaviour. After having obtained two working models of the two modulators, it was used an already-existing framework, to compare the energy per bit consumption in the optical link. In the end, the results obtained with the simulations were presented and discussed.
FROM IMAGES CAPTURED BY CAMERA PHONES

Bar codes are being widely used in many fields for applications of great commercial value. By encoding a series of characters or symbols, bar codes are able to both carry explicit information and a database key. Nowadays, The availability of imaging phones provides people a mobile platform for decoding bar code rather than the use of the conventional scanner which is lack of mobility. However, the short-distance capture of bar codes using an imaging phone inevitably makes bar code images blurred, meanwhile, these images are contaminated heavily with noises. Hence, it is a challenge for automatic bar code reading by imaging phones in such applications. In this paper, research effort on the algorithms of bar code reading by real NOKIA imaging phone products is proposed and EAN-13, a widely used 1-D bar code standard, is taken as an example to show the efficiency of the method. The method, of course, can be extended to other bar code standards without much effort. A wavelet-based bar code area location and knowledgebased bar code character segmentation scheme is applied to extract bar code characters under poor image quality of real conditions. Then the waveforms of the 12 marked divisions are input to the decoding engine, which is called statistical recognition block, and final decoding decision is made. Training of the statistical classifiers is based on the modified GLVQ (Generalised Learning Vector Quantization) method and the initial feature extraction is based on LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis). Training samples are from the database contains over 1,100 bar code images taken by an imaging phone and the sample set is extended by manually shifting (distortion) of the original samples to cover more possibilities of occurrence. Nearly 300 EAN-13 bar code images taken by imaging phone (NOKIA 3650) without micro-lens are tested to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. The entire symbol recognition rate is 85.62%, which is desirable for the first kick-off of the attempt to implement bar code reading applications in the camera phone products. Bar code images taken with micro-lens or optical zoom functionality are also tested and the entire symbol recognition rate is nearly hundred percent. Index Terms -Bar code reading, Camera/Imaging phone, Statistical recognition, GLVQ, LDA.
Resource Provisioning in Cloud Computing Using Prediction Models : A Survey

Resources provisioning is one of the key challenging task in cloud computing environment due to dynamic provisioning of resources to the applications. In cloud environment, resources should be allocated dynamically to the application, according to the workload behavior pattern of the application. Variations, in resources provisioning leads wastage of cost and energy. Additionally, it causes Quality of Service (QoS) dropping and Service Level Agreements (SLA) violations. So, the resources which was allocated to the applications, should be close to the current workload of the application. To achieve flexible elasticity mechanism in cloud environment, determination of future demand of resources to the application is the crucial step before the resources allocation. Thus, prediction of the resources to the application in dissimilar manners like number of virtual machine and physical machines, workload and number of requests etc., is an essential step. Based on the prediction results, enough resources can be allocated to the applications in the right time, while avoiding SLA violation and QoS dropping. This paper presented challenges, characteristics and importance of several prediction schemes to enhance workload management system in cloud environment.
Situated Sketching and Enactment for Pervasive Displays

Situated sketching and enactment aim at grounding designs in the spatial, social and cultural practices of a particular place. This is particularly relevant when designing for public places in which human activities are open-ended, multi-faceted, and difficult to anticipate, such as libraries, train stations, or commercial areas. In order to investigate situated sketching and enactment, we developed Ébauche. It enables designers to collaboratively sketch interfaces, distribute them across multiple displays and enact use cases. We present the lessons learned from six situated sketching and enactment workshops on public displays with Ébauche. And we present the results of a controlled study with 8 pairs of designers who used paper and Ébauche. We present the various ways in which participants leveraged the place, and how paper or Ébauche influenced the integration of their designs in the place. Looking at the design outcomes, our results suggest that paper leads to broader exploration of ideas and deeper physical integration in the environment. Whereas Ébauche leads to more refined sketches and more animated enactments.
Synthesis of Cadmium Sulphide Nanocrystals using aqueous foams

This chapter discusses the use of Sodium bis -2 -ethyl -1 -hexyl sulfosuccinate (AOT) stabilized aqueous foams providing an efficient and simple chemical route for the synthesis of various nanomaterials with control on structure, size and shape. Synthesis of inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals in a controllable fashion with their exciting size and shape dependent electronic and optical properties has been aim of the research work. Semiconductor CdS nanoparticles have application as optoelectronic devices, lasers, biological labeling, etc. The foam yields CdS nanoclusters of variable morphology. This morphology variation is attributed to the growth of CdS nanoparticles in different regions of the foam contributing to hexagonal and spherical structures. Varying proportions of manganese can also be doped to obtain Cd1-x MnxS nanocrystals under ambient experimental conditions. Chapter III Synthesis of Cadmium Sulphide Nanocrystals using Aqueous Foams
User Intent Entities Slots System Action Embedding Layer Embedding Layer Similarity Previous System Action One dialogue turn One dialogue turn Unidirectional Transformer User Intent Entities Slots System Action Loss Embedding Layer Embedding Layer Similarity Previous System Action Unidirectional Tra

We introduce a dialogue policy based on a transformer architecture [1], where the self-attention mechanism operates over the sequence of dialogue turns. Recent work has used hierarchical recurrent neural networks to encode multiple utterances in a dialogue context, but we argue that a pure self-attention mechanism is more suitable. By default, an RNN assumes that every item in a sequence is relevant for producing an encoding of the full sequence, but a single conversation can consist of multiple overlapping discourse segments as speakers interleave multiple topics. A transformer picks which turns to include in its encoding of the current dialogue state, and is naturally suited to selectively ignoring or attending to dialogue history. We compare the performance of the Transformer Embedding Dialogue (TED) policy to an LSTM and to the REDP [2], which was specifically designed to overcome this limitation of RNNs. We show that the TED policy’s behaviour compares favourably, both in terms of accuracy and speed.
Impact of aerosol number concentration on precipitation under different precipitation rates

Mainly by modifying the number concentration and size of cloud droplets, the dynamic and thermodynamic effects of aerosols are important in the formation of precipitation, but so far different and occasionally opposite responses of precipitation to aerosol concentration have been noted. By conducting two numerical experiments with different aerosol concentrations, the impact of aerosol number concentration on precipitation under different precipitation rates is examined. To this end, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a two‐moment aerosol‐aware bulk microphysical scheme was applied. Results indicate that mainly through redistribution of precipitation both spatially and temporarily, more hygroscopic aerosols in the atmosphere could potentially reduce light precipitation events, but increase heavy precipitation events. In regions with a high precipitation rate (> 1 mm/hr), an ample influx of water vapour exists. Thus, cloud droplets have no need to compete for water vapour in order to grow, which results in an enhancement of precipitation under the polluted atmosphere. On the other hand, less efficient autoconversion processes and/or increased cloud‐top evaporation may contribute to the decrease in light (< 0.6 mm/hr) to moderate (0.6–1 mm/hr) precipitation under the polluted atmosphere. A delay in the onset of precipitation is identified in the polluted experiment, which leads to a significant increase in precipitation rate, primarily due to more freezing of cloud droplets and extra release of latent heat of freezing, which invigorates cloud developments, while intensification of secondary clouds by aerosols might have also partly contributed.
CLEVER : a light cloud environment for clusters and grids

The Cloud Computing paradigm is nowadays already affirmed in the scenario of computing at least on the same foot of his ancestor, Grid Computing. Both Grids and Clouds provide access to large, distributed, computing and storage resources, but Clouds massively exploit virtualization to provide uniform interface to the underlying resource, thus hiding physical heterogeneity, geographical distribution and faults. Similarities exist between the two computing models, but the differences are those that matter most. Grid computing is better suited for organizations with heavy applications and/or large amounts of data being analyzed by a small number of users, whereas Cloud computing is better suited to environments where there is a large number of users requesting small amounts of data, or many but small allocation requests. Although Grid technology primarily dominates the public sector and the scientific computing environments, new interests have raised in deploying cloud technology to improve the management and reliability of those resources via the virtualization layer. The aim of this contribution is to present an integration example of both technologies where cluster and/or Grid resources are used to easily deploy on-demand Clouds using the CLEVER innovative Cloud middleware. CLEVER 1) simplifies the access management of private/hybrid Clouds, 2) provides simple and easily accessible interfaces to interact with different interconnected Clouds, 3) deploys Virtual Machines and 4) performs load balancing through migration. A route to CLEVER integration with a grid environment will be shown and the preliminary
Document de travail du LEM / Discussion paper LEM 2017-06 Performance analysis for three pillars of sustainability

Gross domestic product (GDP) has come under criticism as the only objective countries’ should pursue for societal well-being. In this paper we apply an innovative Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach for including two other pillars including an environmental dimension, reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and a social dimension such as: increasing employment, and expanding healthcare and education expenditures. By linking together three DEA sub-technologies, we model a global technology which combines the objectives of the three pillars. Finally, by weighting each of them by different schemes, we demonstrate the practicality of our approach for policy tradeoffs governments can make among economic, environmental and social objectives.
Effect of Rice Carbohydrate Ingestion on Intestinal Hydrogen Gas Production and Symptoms in Non-Constipation Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients Compared with Carbohydrate from Wheat or Mungbean Linlawan

Background: Diet plays an important role in the management of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Previous studies have suggested that, compared to wheat, rice is more completely absorbed in the small bowel and is associated with less intestinal gas and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The benefit of rice carbohydrate in IBS, however, has not been clearly demonstrated. Objective: To determine the effect of rice flour on intestinal hydrogen gas production and IBS symptoms, compared to wheat or mungbean flour. Method: Twenty non-constipation IBS patients (13 females, age 46±11 yrs) underwent H2 breath test study and GI symptom evaluation after ingestion of standard rice, wheat or mungbean meals (90 gm-dry weight). Subjects were randomized in a double-blind crossover study, with a 1-week washout period. After an overnight fast, intestinal gas production and GI symptom scores in response to the standard meals (given at 8 AM and 12 PM) were evaluated at baseline and every 15-minute for 8 hours after the first standard meal. GI symptoms were evaluated using the visual analog scales. Results: All subjects completed the study without any adverse events. The hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) concentrations in the breath samples were similar at baseline (p>0.05). Beginning at hour-5 after breakfast, the H2 and CH4 productions were significantly increased after wheat noodle ingestion compared to rice noodle ingestion (p<0.05). The area under curves (AUC) of H2 and CH4 were greater after wheat noodle ingestion compared to rice and mungbean noodle ingestion (H2: 4,120.5 ± 45.5 vs. 2,267.3 ± 14.6 and 2,356.1±13.9 ppm-min, p<0.001 and CH2 : 1,616.0 ± 15.8 vs. 946.5 ± 6.0 and 943.1±5.2 ppm-min, p<0.05). The mean symptom scores for bloating and satiety symptoms were significantly increased after wheat ingestion compared to rice ingestion (3.0 ± 0.6 vs. 2.2 ± 0.6 and 3.4 ± 0.5 vs. 2.5 ± 0.5, respectively, p<0.05). Other GI symptoms including abdominal pain, abdominal burning, nausea, urgency of stool, heartburn, belching and regurgitation were not significantly different between after rice and wheat ingestion. Conclusion: Rice flour ingestion produces significantly less intestinal gas production, bloating and satiety symptom compared to wheat flour ingestion. The results suggested that rice is a better source of carbohydrate for non-constipation IBS compared to wheat or mungbean carbohydrate.
surfaces and 2 D materials

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Organizational Support for Career Development and Its Influence on Employee Commitment in the Ghana Police Service

The study concerns Organizational support for career development on Organizational commitment in the Ghana police service. The purpose of this topic being that most studies conducted in Ghana’s security sector have focused on job satisfaction, job stress, corruption and image branding. Given the importance of the Police work to society and extensive skills and training associated with preparing them for effective policing, it has become extremely important to study issues pertaining to their career development and employee commitment. To address this gap, literature was reviewed. Out of the literature reviewed, Meyer and Allen Organizational commitment and Manyasi, Kibas and Chepkilot Organizational support for career development framework were adopted to understand the variables of the study. To validate this framework, a cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, Morgan and Krejcie sampling determinant table was used to select two hundred and seventyone (271) junior and senior personnel from the headquarters of the Ghana police service in Accra who completed the survey instrument. Hypotheses formulated were tested through linear and hierarchical regression analytic procedures using Statistical Package for social sciences (SPSS). Findings suggested that Organizational support for career development had significant impact on affective and normative commitment. Again, personnel perceived low organizational support for career development. Personal characteristics such as age, gender and level of education also had moderate effects on organizational support for career development and Organizational commitment. It was concluded that the government should develop and maintain highly skilled personnel by providing them with more career development options and supports as this will greatly impact on their willingness to stay with their organization and also reflect in their job performance. Citation: Brenyah RS (2019) Organizational Support for Career Development and Its Influence on Employee Commitment in the Ghana Police Service. Arts Social Sci J 10: 450.
Composting Basics: C:N Ratio and Recipe Making

and Recipe Making hemicellulose, sugars, and starches, collectively known as carbohydrates that are composed of the elements carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Cellulose is the most abundant carbohydrate present in plants and organic matter. Lignin is a carbon-rich polymer present in mature plant tissues, and accounts for approximately 10% to 30% of the dry matter of mature plants. Lignin imparts strength to the vascular tissue of plants and, together with cellulose and hemicellulose, accounts for 90% to 95% of the dry matter of mature plants. In short, there is a surplus of carbon in plant and animal tissue, whereas nitrogen is relatively scarce. The C:N ratio in most fresh tissue varies because of differences in nitrogen content, not carbon.
The Main Features of Innovative Cluster in the Russian Economy

The article dwells on the theoretical issues of modernization of the Russian economy in the postcrisis stage of its development and its transition to innovative development. The author considered the various approaches to the definition of innovation in the economic literature the U.S. and Europe, defines the main tendencies of the development of innovation in the economy of the United States and Europe, reveals the economic content of the concept of "innovation" based on the theory of clusters by American economist, professor of Harvard University M.Porter and on the concept of cluster by Austrian economist J.Shumpeter. On the basis of their scientific views the author suggests his own dual methodological approach to the definition of innovation: cluster as a state (point approach), and cluster as a continuous process of changes and updates. Key-Words: Modernization, Innovation, Cluster, National Innovative System
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FULL-LENGTH EXOCYST COMPLEX BY TRANSMISSION ELECTRON CRYO-MICROSCOPY

The exocyst is a conserved octameric protein complex in eukaryotes that is essential for tethering and fusion of vesicles to the plasma membrane. Composed of eight subunits, it is essential for growth, secretion, and developmental processes and has been implicated in cell motility, autophagy, cell division, and exocytosis. Functional defects are linked to cancer, neurodegeneration, ciliopathies, and bacterial pathogenesis. With known biochemical data from interacting partners and four crystal structures known, architectural models have proposed extended, rod-like conformations with side-by-side packing. Isolation and physical characterization of this essential protein complex has remained elusive. Structural information is necessary to determine how this protein functions in the context of exocytosis. Using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model eukaryotic organism, this research aims to purify intact exocyst complex, characterize it structurally, and identify the spatial orientation of the carboxyl termini of Sec15 relative to the fully assembled complex. Genetic engineering of a separate subunit with a ProteinA tag allows for antibody affinity-based purification using optimized buffer conditions to retain exocyst complex stability. Subsequent proteolytic cleavage of the linker region allows for highly concentrated, purified exocyst complex and has been verified by SDS-PAGE with coomasie blue and silver staining. Negative stain transmission electron microscopy was conducted on the FEI Tecnai G2 TF20 TEM at 200 KeV with images collected at 62,000x nominal magnification. From two-dimensional class averaging of exocyst particles, Vii
Fairness in College Admission Exams: From Test Score Gaps to Earnings Equality

This paper asks whether reducing socioeconomic gaps in college admission test scores would also reduce earnings inequality. I show that the link between admission scores and labor market outcomes depends on how well the exam measures students’ potential earnings returns to college quality. I estimate the distribution of these returns by exploiting a natural experiment from a redesign of the Colombian national college admission exam. I find substantial heterogeneity in the returns to college quality including negative returns for some low-income students. Thus reducing test score gaps can potentially harm low-income students on the labor market if the exam cannot identify which students would benefit from attending a better college. * Department of Economics, Cornell University, 266 Ives Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 (e-mail: eriehl@cornell.edu). A previous version of this paper was titled “Assortative Matching and Complementarity in College Markets. ” For useful comments I thank Peter Bergman, Serena Canaan, Nicolás De Roux, Christian Dustmann, Christopher Hansman, Adam Kapor, Michael Lovenheim, W. Bentley MacLeod, Costas Meghir, Jonah Rockoff, Miikka Rokkanen, Juan E. Saavedra, Judith Scott-Clayton, Mallika Thomas, Miguel Urquiola, and Eric Verhoogen. I am grateful to Luis Omar Herrera Prada for invaluable help with the data. All errors are my own.