Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DENSIDAD POBLACIONAL DE CUATRO ESPECIES DE ERIZO (ECHINODERMATA: ECHINOIDEA) EN EL ARRECIFE DE LA ENTREGA, OAXACA

De octubre de 2002 a agosto de 2003 se realizaron muestreos bimestrales de la abundancia de erizos en el arrecife de La Entrega. El arrecife fue dividido en dos profundidades (somero 0-6 m y profundo 6-12 m). En cada profundidad se realizaron seis transectos de 50 m de largo por 1 m de ancho. La mayor densidad anual correspondio a Diadema mexicanum (5.96±0.85 ind/m 2 ), seguido de Eucidaris thouarsii (0.46±0.14 ind/m 2 ); Echinometra vanbrunti y Toxopneustes roseus presentaron densidades bajas (0.03±0.01 ind/m 2 y 0.02±0.01 ind/m 2 , respectivamente). Las cuatro poblaciones de erizos presentaron diferencias entre profundidades observandose mayor densidad en lo profundo; si consideramos la abundancia total de erizos en el arrecife, no se registraron diferencias temporales. Empero, al analizar por separado las profundidades, solo E. thouarsii no presento diferencias temporales en ambas profundidades. En diciembre, las densidades de D. mexicanum y E. thouarsii disminuyeron en lo profundo y aumentaron en lo somero, posiblemente porque sucedio una mortalidad coralina en lo somero del arrecife y el incremento de las algas motivo a estas especies a desplazarse a la parte danada. Actualmente el arrecife de La Entrega se encuentra en avanzado estado de erosion lo que puede favorecer que la abundancia de erizos se incremente al igual que su actividad bioerosionadora. Population density of four species of sea urchin (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) at La Entrega Reef, Oaxaca Bimonthly samples of sea urchins fauna inhabiting the La Entrega Reef, Oaxaca, Mexico, were obtained from October 2002 to August 2003. The reef area was divided in two sampling zones, corresponding to shallow (0-6 m) and deep (6-12 m) water. Six transects of 50 m length by 1 m wide were sampled in each zone. Greatest annual density corresponded to Diadema mexicanum (5.96 ± 0.85 ind/m 2 ),followed by Eucidaris thouarsii (0.46 ± 0.14 ind/m 2 ); Echinometra vanbrunti and Toxopneustes roseus presented low densities (0.03 ± 0.01 indv/m 2 and 0.02 ± 0.01 ind/m 2 , respectively). Density of the four populations varied considerably and higher densities were observed in the deep zone. Total abundance of sea urchins (shallow and deep samples) did not vary significantly over time. Abundance per depth range, however, was different over time for all species except for E. thouarsii . In December densities of D. mexicanum and E. thouarsii decreased in the deep zone and increased in the shallow zone, due to massive mortality of coral in the shallow part of the reef and to subsequent increase of algal coverage attracting these species to the shallowest part of the reef. The La Entrega reef is presently in an advanced state of erosion that could favor an increase of sea urchins abundance and of their bioerosion activity.
The nexus between food insecurity and socioeconomic characteristics of rural households in Western Indonesia identified with Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance's approach by USAID.

This study investigated correlation and regression analyses designed to asses the respective relationships between the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale/ Prevalence (HFIAS/ HFIAP) as a measure of food access, the Household Dietary Diversity Score, the Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning (MAHFP) as a measure of food stability and (i) gender, (ii) education level, (iii) household income and (iv) agricultural strategies of households in North Sumatra province. Cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tobasa and Samosir Regency and its purpose was (1) to assess the food security status of rural households (N = 192), (2) to identify the influence of selected factors on their food security condition and (3) to deliver outcomes which might play an important role in establishing appropriate policies and intervention strategy to prevent and reduce food insecurity. Due to the proven applicability in many studies, Food and Nutrition Technical Assitance’s method was implemented for the comprehensive household food security analysis. The findings showed that 51.6% (n = 99) households were considered as moderately or severely food insecure, 18.8% of the sample as mildly food insecure (n = 36) and less than a third (n = 57) of households was food secure. Further analysis investigated the correlation between household food security status and selected variables. The results higlighted the role of rural education, agriculture extension services, creation of employment opportunities and improved dietary diversity in reducing household food insecurity.
Accuracy, Timeliness, and Managers’ Discretion of Fair Value Pricing: Evidence From the Banking Industry

Combining qualitative field research and quantitative empirical research methods, this paper attempts to “open up the black box” of fair value practices of US banks and identify constraints on bank managers’ discretion imposed by new institutional changes after the 2008 financial crisis. Field research provides evidence that since 2010, there have been many significant institutional changes, particularly TRACE and third-party vendors, which have established significant constrains on managers’ discretion over fair values. Specifically, banks predominately apply third-party vendors’ feeds to generate financial statements. Most of the banks that I interviewed passively (near 100%) pass through vendor’s feeds with (at most) occasional adjustments. External auditors also predominately rely on (different) vendors’ prices to verify and challenge banks’ inputs. Empirical evidence shows that third-party vendors and TRACE can generate accurate and timely pricing feeds, which dominate the historical costs in all performance measures. In addition, the ubiquitous availability of vendors’ daily fair value prices at individual security level has subsequently restrained managers’ discretion from the portfolio level to the security level. Even at the security level, TRACE and vendors’ prices have put an upper bound on managers’ discretion, sometimes to only 15% of the original level. Finally, my findings highlight the possibility that fair values, particularly after 2010, might be less subjective, less costly to implement, and more convenient for auditors to verify and challenge, than the literature previously reported.
Higher order interpolatory vector bases for computational electromagnetics," Special Issue on "Advanced Numerical Techniques in Electromagnetics

Low-order vector basis functions compatible with the Nedelec (1980) representations are widely used for electromagnetic field problems. Higher-order functions are receiving wider application, but their development is hampered by the complex procedures used to generate them and lack of a consistent notation for both elements and bases. In this paper, fully interpolatory higher order vector basis functions of the Nedelec type are defined in a unified and consistent manner for the most common element shapes. It is shown that these functions can be obtained as the product of zeroth-order Nedelec representations and interpolatory polynomials with specially arranged arrays of interpolation points. The completeness properties of the vector functions are discussed, and expressions for the vector functions of arbitrary polynomial order are presented. Sample numerical results confirm the faster convergence of the higher order functions.
The earliest wood and its hydraulic properties documented in c. 407-million-year-old fossils using synchrotron microtomography

We document xylem structure and hydraulic properties in the earliest woody plant Armoricaphyton chateaupannense gen. nov. & sp. nov. based on c. 407-million-year-old fossils from the Armorican Massif, western France. The plant was small, and the woody axes were narrow and permineralized in pyrite (FeS2). We used standard palaeobotanical methods and employed propagation phase contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography (PPC-SRμCT) to create three-dimensional images of the wood and to evaluate its properties. The xylem comprised tracheids and rays, which developed from a cambium. Tracheids possessed an early extinct type of scalariform bordered pitting known as P-type. Our observations indicate that wood evolved initially in plants of small stature that were members of Euphyllophytina, a clade that includes living seed plants, horsetails and ferns. Hydraulic properties were calculated from measurements taken from the PPC-SRμCT images. The specific hydraulic conductivity of the xylem area was calculated as 8.7 kg m−1 s−1 and the mean cell thickness-to-span ratio (t/b)2 of tracheids was 0.0372. The results show that the wood was suited to high conductive performance with low mechanical resistance to hydraulic tension. We argue that axis rigidity in the earliest woody plants initially evolved through the development of low-density woods
Animal signals : signalling and signal design in animal communication

Evolutionary implications of the interaction between animal signals and the environment efficacy and content in avian colour signals the visual ecology of reef fish colours avian UV vision and sexual selection knowledge, information, biases and signal assemblages a signalling tail female ornaments - genetically correlated or sexually selected? handicap, index, and conventional signal elements of bird song scents of danger - the evolution of olfactory ornament in chemical-mediated predator-prey interactions signals and multi-modal signalling in spider communication signal function, signal efficiency and the evolution of anoline lizard dewlap colour conflicts of interest in signal evolution environmental dependence of genetic indicator mechanisms problems in studying receiver biases and their effects on signal evolution signals, parasites and the immune system examples of MHC-correlated sexual selection in mice and humans MHC genotype and ornamentation is fluctuating asymmetry a visual signal? communication networks - receiver and signaller perspectives male-male competition and female choice in the evolution of vocal signalling why female birds sing the significance of learning in signal environment - the curious case of the chaffinch prowess and the resolution of animal fights sexual signals and speciation multiple nestling begging signals - reed warbler chicks and cuckoo tricks.
Clot Burden Score en Imagerie de Susceptibilité Magnétique T2#ETOILE# et Effet de la Thrombectomie Mécanique dans l’Accident Ischémique Cérébral à la Phase Aiguë

Introduction : La valeur pronostique du susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) et du clot burden score (CBS) sur la recanalisation vasculaire et le devenir clinique fonctionnel apres thrombolyse intraveineuse (TIV) ou thrombectomie mecanique (TM) est debattue dans la litterature. Le but de notre travail etait d’evaluer l'impact des SVS, CBS et longueur du thrombus, en imagerie de susceptibilite magnetique T2#ETOILE#, sur les resultats cliniques et de recanalisation vasculaire chez les patients victimes d'accident vasculaire cerebral (AVC) ischemique aigu dans l'etude THRACE (THRombectomie des Arteres CErebrales). Materiel et Methodes : SVS, T2#ETOILE#-CBS et longueur du thrombus ont ete determines chez tous les patients ayant beneficie d’une IRM a la phase aigue. Des modeles de regression logistique ordinaire avec et sans variables pronostiques ont ete utilises pour evaluer l'association entre T2#ETOILE#-CBS (continu ou dichotomise en utilisant un seuil de CBS >6) et le devenir neurologique a 3 mois sur l'echelle de Rankin modifiee. Le modele sans variables pronostiques ne comprenait que l'allocation de traitement et le T2#ETOILE#-CBS. Les modeles avec et sans variables d'interaction multiplicative entre T2#ETOILE#-CBS et groupes de traitement ont ete compares en utilisant le test χ2 pour evaluer l'effet du T2#ETOILE#-CBS sur le traitement. Resultats : 281 patients ont ete inclus. T2#ETOILE#-CBS et longueur du thrombus etaient associes au devenir neurologique fonctionnel a 3 mois. Cependant, aucune interaction significative n'a ete trouvee entre l'allocation du traitement et T2#ETOILE#-CBS. De plus, le succes de la recanalisation vasculaire n'etait pas associe a la presence du SVS. L'ajout des variables pronostiques d’interaction n'a pas ameliore significativement l'ajustement des modeles. Conclusion : T2#ETOILE#-CBS et longueur du thrombus, biomarqueurs radiologiques simples et reproductibles, peuvent predire l’evolution clinique fonctionnelle apres un AVC ischemique aigu. Cependant, l'effet du traitement intra-arteriel etait independant des SVS et T2#ETOILE#-CBS.
Forage Production and Population of Alfalfa Weevil (Hypera Postica) in Intercropping of Alfalfa and Sainfoin

Diversification of varieties or species within the same field can result in reduced pest population and increased yields. To study the forage production and alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) population in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa) intercropping, a field experiment was carried out as a split-plot in time across 2 years (2010–12) with three replications. Treatments were: sole-cropping of alfalfa, sole-cropping of sainfoin, 50% alfalfa + 50% sainfoin as one row alternates, 50% alfalfa + 50% sainfoin as two row alternates, 75% alfalfa + 25% sainfoin, 25% alfalfa + 75% sainfoin, 10% sainfoin + 100% alfalfa, 20% sainfoin + 100% alfalfa, and 30% sainfoin + 100% alfalfa. Because of delayed emergence and growth of alfalfa in the first year, alfalfa weevil populations were monitored in the second year only. Sampling period was from April 9 to May 12, 2011. Five sampling dates were used. The results revealed that with increased ratio of alfalfa in mixed treatments, population of alfalfa weevil followed an increasing trend. In all treatment, pest population during the season showed a decreasing trend and reached zero level at the last sampling date. The highest value of dry yield was observed in 30% sainfoin + 100% alfalfa and the lowest value was obtained in sole-cropping of sainfoin and alfalfa. In both years, the highest values of land equivalent ratio were related to 30% sainfoin + 100% alfalfa treatment. We concluded that less competition between alfalfa and sainfoin caused a reduction in alfalfa yield losses from alfalfa weevil and higher plant populations in 30% sainfoin + 100% alfalfa compared to other combinations, increased forage production.
Plasma adropin in exercised horses: a pilot study

Summary : The role of adropin on energy metabolism in horses is still not fully known. We aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise on blood plasma adropin concentrations in horses. A total of 28 horses were included in the study. Twenty three-year-old purebred Arabian horses were involved in race training and eight Polish Konik stallions aged five to ten years were used as draft horses. The race horses were inve- stigated both during the gallop at a speed 6–7m/s and 10–12m/s. The draft horses worked in harness at a speed of 1.6m/s. Blood samples were collected at four instances: during rest, immediately post-exercise, and then 30 minutes and five hours after the end of exercise. Plasma adropin and lactate concentrations (LA) were assessed. Only the intensive exercise significantly reduced the circulating level of adropin when compared with pre-exercise values (p=0.001). Plasma adropin concentration was significantly reduced in response to high-inten- sive exercise.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I

Natural History of HTLVs/STLVs (G. Dekaban, et al.). Epidemiology of HTLV-I and Associated Diseases (A. Gessain). Structure of HTLV-I (I. Koralnik). Biology of VTLV-I: Host Cell Interactions (J. Brady). Virology of HTLV-I Infection (C. Carrington & T. Schulz). Role of Cellular Immune Responses in the Pathogenesis of HTLV-I Associated Neurologic Disease (S. Jacobson). Testing of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Types I and II: Serologic, Virologic and Molecular Detection (R. Lal & W. Heneine). HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy (HAM/TSP) (M. Osame, et al.). Adult T-Cell Leukemia (K. Takatsuki, et al.) HTLV-I in Arthropathy and Sjogren's Syndrome (K. Nishioka). HTLV-II: Epidemiology, Biology and Clinical Features of Infection (W. Hall). Animal Models of HTLV-I Infection (L. Ratner). Index.
Worldwide mitochondrial DNA diversity and phylogeography of pilot whales (Globicephala spp.)

Pilot whales (Globicephala spp.) provide an interesting example of recently diverged oceanic species with a complex evolutionary history. The two species have wide but largely non-overlapping ranges. Globicephala melas (long-finned pilot whale; LFPW) has an antitropical distribution and is found in the cold-temperate waters of the North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere, whereas Globicephala macrorhynchus (short-finned pilot whale; SFPW) has a circumglobal distribution and is found mainly in the tropics and subtropics. To investigate pilot whale evolution and biogeography, we analysed worldwide population structure using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences (up to 620 bp) from a variety of sources (LFPW = 643; SFPW = 150), including strandings in New Zealand and Tasmania, and whale-meat products purchased on the markets of Japan and Korea. Phylogenetic reconstructions failed to support a reciprocal monophyly of the two species, despite six diagnostic substitutions, possibly because of incomplete lineage sorting or inadequate phylogenetic information. Both species had low haplotype and nucleotide diversity compared to other abundant widespread cetaceans (LFPW, π = 0.35%; SFPW, π = 0.87%) but showed strong mtDNA differentiation between oceanic basins. Strong levels of structuring were also found at the regional level. In LFPW, phylogeographic patterns were suggestive either of a recent demographic expansion or selective sweep acting on the mtDNA. For SFPW, the waters around Japan appear to represent a centre of diversity, with two genetically-distinct forms, as well as a third population of unknown origin. The presence of multiple unique haplotypes among SFPW from South Japan, together with previously documented morphological and ecological differences, suggests that the southern form represents a distinct subspecies and/or evolutionary significant unit. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 98, 729–744.
Prevalence, serotypes and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli associated with diarrhoea in goats

Strains (92) of Escherichia coli were isolated from 200 rectal swabs collected from diarrhoeic goats belonging to different age groups; the highest incidence (50%) was recorded in I-week old kids. The isolates were characterized on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Few atypical strains showing variation in biochemical and sugar reactions were also recovered. Out of 92 isolates, 80 were typable into 19'0' serogroups, while 12 were untypable . The serotypes isolated were: 0149, 050, 08, 086, 0116, 0105, 036, 061, 039, 041, 0102, 0170, 022, 043, 058, 0101,0109, 0163 and 0168 in decreasing order of frequency. The selected strains of group 08, 022, 041, 061, 086, 0101, 0116, 0149 and 0169 and 9 untypable strains were found pathogenic to mice on intraperitoneal inoculation. Epidemiology of enteric colibacillosis is discussed.
L'impact des stratégies énergétiques des pays émergents sur les émissions mondiales de carbone

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. L’impact des stratégies énergétiques des pays émergents sur les émissions mondiales de carbone Marie-Hélène Hubert, Isabelle Cadoret, Ujjayant Chakravorty, Carolyn Fischer
The Evolutionary Genetics of Life History in Drosophila Melanogaster

Life history traits are critical components of fitness and frequently reflect adaptive responses to environmental pressures. Natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster exhibit patterns of lifespan, fecundity, development time, body size and stress resistance that vary predictably along environmental gradients. Artificial selection studies, genetic correlation analyses, and quantitative trait mapping efforts have demonstrated a genetic basis for the observed phenotypic variation, but few genes have been identified that contribute to natural life history variation. This work employs a candidate gene approach to discover genes and specific polymorphisms that contribute to genetic variance for D. melanogaster life history. Three aging genes, which have been characterized to mediate longevity, reproduction and stress tolerance, have been evaluated for natural genetic variation from samples derived from the wild. Allelic variation at one gene, methuselah (mth), shows functional effects on lifespan, lifetime fecundity and resistance to oxidative stress. A polymorphism in the mth promoter has been identified which may contribute to variation in these traits by affecting levels of gene expression. Natural genetic variation at two genes in the insulin signaling pathway reveals a history of positive selection at the Insulin-like Receptor (InR), but evidence of neutral evolution at the InR substrate, chico. Furthermore, an indel polymorphism in the first exon of InR shows striking, nonrandom distributions on two continents, a sign that it may contribute to the observed patterns of phenotypic variation across these same habitats. Functional evaluation of alternate InR alleles demonstrates predictable effects on phenotype and levels of insulin signaling, which implicates this polymorphism in the adaptive evolution of wild D. melanogaster populations. These findings provide novel examples of how allelic variation underlies adaptive changes in life history evolution, and contribute complementary characterization of genetic function to the biology of aging. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Biology First Advisor Paul S. Schmidt
Developmental characteristics of a novel cell type in the larval midgut of Drosophila melanogaster

In the Drosophila larval midgut, the development pathways associated with the specialized cell types found in the middle midgut region have been well characterized. In this region determination between the cell types is dependent on differential signaling of two signaling molecules Wg and Dpp. This differential signaling from the mesoderm controls the specification of the underlying endoderm in the developing embryonic midgut. The homeotic gene lab is expressed and required for the formation of the copper cells in the middle midgut. In a recent study, a group of cells was discovered at the anterior and middle midgut junction region in 3rd instar larvae. These cells (LHCs) expressed GFP in UASCD8GFP;DJ752Gal4 larvae and also expressed the hormone DH31. In my study, I performed an overexpression enhancer-promoter screen for genes that are involved with the development of the LHCs. I also carried out immunohistochemistry assays in mutant larvae to determine the extent known genes play in the development of the LHCs and neighboring MIP-expressing cells. In mutant larvae for wg , dpp , and lab , the morphology of the MIP-expressing cells was disrupted. The screen yielded 80 lines that produced a positive phenotype in the LHCs. I discuss three lines in further detail ( sax, kis, fusl ) and evaluate the possibilities of not just LHC development, but overall endocrine cell specification in the Drosophila larval midgut.