Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospects for sociogenomics in avian cooperative breeding and parental care

Abstract For the last 40 years, the study of cooperative breeding (CB) in birds has proceeded primarily in the context of discovering the ecological, geographical, and behavioral drivers of helping. The advent of molecular tools in the early 1990s assisted in clarifying the relatedness of helpers to those helped, in some cases, confirming predictions of kin selection theory. Methods for genome-wide analysis of sequence variation, gene expression, and epigenetics promise to add new dimensions to our understanding of avian CB, primarily in the area of molecular and developmental correlates of delayed breeding and dispersal, as well as the ontogeny of achieving parental status in nature. Here, we outline key ways in which modern -omics approaches, in particular genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and epigenetic profiling such as ATAC-seq, can be used to add a new level of analysis of avian CB. Building on recent and ongoing studies of avian social behavior and sociogenomics, we review how high-throughput sequencing of a focal species or clade can provide a robust foundation for downstream, context-dependent destructive and non-destructive sampling of specific tissues or physiological states in the field for analysis of gene expression and epigenetics. -Omics approaches have the potential to inform not only studies of the diversification of CB over evolutionary time, but real-time analyses of behavioral interactions in the field or lab. Sociogenomics of birds represents a new branch in the network of methods used to study CB, and can help clarify ways in which the different levels of analysis of CB ultimately interact in novel and unexpected ways.
Haritaki Terminalia chebula Retz A Magic Bullet for Various Remedies

Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.) is one of the most frequently used herbal drug, acts as a foundation and additive natural remedy with mild Colonic cleanse properties. It can be used daily without any ill effects and with great benefits. Ayurveda emphasized its action as Chakshushya, Dipana, Hridya, Medhya, Sarvadoshprashamana, Rasayana, Anulomana etc. It has been proven with contemporary studies as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancerous, antiulcer, antimutagenic, wound healing activities etc. In this review, we have collected all possible information of its therapeutic usage in different diseases, which makes this drug a magic bullet.
Adoption of Affordability and Sustainability Issues in Slum Rehabilitation through PPP in Dhaka, Bangladesh

More and more slum dwellers are left homeless as their shacks are being either bulldozed in broad daylight or burnt to ashes by hooligans in the dead of night to clear up the settlements, leaving them in the wobble in and around the capital city, Dhaka. Slum evictions and attempts of rehabilitation are quite old phenomena here that started since the mid-70s. A number of resettlement camps located far to the periphery of the city were selected for the rehabilitation. The squatters, however, re-infiltrated the city soon after as the camps had no job or commuting facilities. The outcome of the most recent rehabilitation project in Bhashantek, Mirpur through Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is not different from the previous ones because it too ignored the need for an environment conducive to work and live in, and fixed the price at a level that will rule out the so called target group. It is essential to include both affordability and sustainability issues in a housing project to make it successful. However, housing affordability is frequently dei¬ ned and assessed only in terms of economic viability. Other important issues, such as sustainability, housing location and quality are sometimes overlooked which are the reasons behind the failure of slum rehabilitation initiatives by the government in Bangladesh. This paper has explored the affordability and sustainability issues in low income housing with reference to experiences of slum rehabilitations initiated both by the state and NGOs or development partners. Analysing the taken rehabilitation schemes the paper has identified the way forward to provide affordable and sustainable housing for slum dwellers and low income people of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Long-term strong opioid use in chronic noncancer pain patients in primary care settings

Noncancer chronic pain may affect up to 27% of adults in Poland. Chronic pain is a significant burden on health care system, but most of all it is significant source of unnecessary suffering for patients and their families. Chronic pain, regardless of origin, significantly worsens physical and psychological functioning of the patient, so the treatment goal is not only pain relief, but quality of life improvement as well. According to the national and international experts’ recommendations chronic pain treatment, regardless of etiology, should be multidirectional, including pharmacotherapy, invasive methods, psychological procedures, rehabilitation and neuromodulation. Pharmacotherapy is still the most accessible and easy to use method, even by general practitioners. Most concerns and controversy raises from the use of strong opioids in patients without cancer disease, but according to the recommendations these drugs should be used in pain of moderate to severe intensity, regardless of its etiology. The article presents the basic principles and recommendations of the use of strong opioids in chronic pain patients of non-malignant origin, developed by experts of Polish Association for the Study of Pain, Polish Neurological Society and Polish Society of Family Medicine. These recommendations should be
Nivolumab-Induced Concomitant Severe Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Immune-Related Adverse Effects

ABSTRACT Immunotherapy agents such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and programed cell death protein-1 inhibitors show efficacy in cancer therapy but are associated with immune-related adverse events. It commonly presents as diarrhea but can cause colitis, mimicking inflammatory bowel disease. Our patient is a 78-year-old man on nivolumab therapy for metastatic lung cancer who developed new onset nausea and diarrhea. Endoscopy revealed inflammation of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, and histology revealed transmural colon and gastric inflammation. We present a fascinating case of severe concomitant aphthous ulcers, esophagitis, gastritis, and enterocolitis.
New eastern China agricultural burning fire emission inventory and trends analysis from combined geostationary (Himawari-8) and polar-orbiting (VIIRS-IM) fire radiative power products

Abstract. Open burning of agricultural crop residues is widespread across eastern China, and during certain post-harvest periods this activity is believed to significantly influence air quality. However, the exact contribution of crop residue burning to major air quality exceedances and air quality episodes has proven difficult to quantify. Whilst highly successful in many regions, in areas dominated by agricultural burning MODIS-based fire emissions inventories such as GFAS and GFED are suspected of significantly underestimating the magnitude of biomass burning emissions due to the typically very small, but highly numerous, fires involved that are quite easily missed by coarser spatial resolution remote sensing observations. To address this issue, we here use twice daily fire radiative power (FRP) observations from the ‘small fire optimised’ VIIRS-IM FRP product, and combine it with fire diurnal cycle information taken from the geostationary Himawari-8 satellite. Using this we generate a unique high spatio-temporal resolution agricultural burning inventory for eastern China for the years 2012–2015, designed to fully take into account small fires well below the MODIS burned area or active fire detection limit, focusing on dry matter burned (DMB) and emissions of CO2, CO, PM2.5 and black carbon. We calculate DMB totals 100 to 400 % higher than reported by GFAS and GFED4.1s, and quantify interesting spatial and temporal patterns previously un-noted. Wheat residue burning, primarily occurring in May–June, is responsible for more than half of the annual crop residue burning emissions of all species, whilst a secondary peak in autumn (Sept–Oct) is associated with rice and corn residue burning. We further identify a new winter (Nov–Dec) burning season, hypothesised to be caused by delays in burning driven by the stronger implementation of residue burning bans during the autumn post-harvest season. Whilst our emissions estimates are far higher than those of other satellite-based emissions inventories for the region, they are lower than estimates made using traditional ‘crop yield-based approaches’ (CYBA) by a factor of between 2 and 5 x. We believe that this is at least in part caused by outdated and overly high burning ratios being used in the CYBA approach, leading to the overestimation of DMB. Therefore we conclude that that satellite remote sensing approaches which adequately detect the presence of agricultural fires are a far better approach to agricultural fire emission estimation.
La diversidad en el aula: el desafío de interpretar la singularidad de los procesos de alfabetización inicial

The Argentinian law on Specific Learning Difficulties (No 27.306, 2016) includes dyslexia as an object of prevention and diagnosis, among its main points. This has generated new debates as well as the proliferation of children referred from the schools to the psychopedagogical consultation, taking the risk of an over-pathologization of the school population, particularly in the first cycle of primary schooling. This motivated the present qualitative study, based on the general interpretative framework of psychoge-netic epistemology and psycholinguistics, partially reported in this article. The research was developed in two stages: case studies of children referred to psychopedagogical care and exploration in a sample of teachers about their related conceptions. The results show that teacher training and their intervention for interpreting the normality of certain particularities of literacy processes are both quite relevant.
A High-Throughput Extraction and Analysis Method for Steroidal Glycoalkaloids in Tomato

Tomato steroidal glycoalkaloids (tSGAs) are a class of cholesterol-derived metabolites uniquely produced by the tomato clade. These compounds provide protection against biotic stress due to their fungicidal and insecticidal properties. Although commonly reported as being anti-nutritional, both in vitro as well as pre-clinical animal studies have indicated that some tSGAs may have a beneficial impact on human health. However, the paucity of quantitative extraction and analysis methods presents a major obstacle for determining the biological and nutritional functions of tSGAs. To address this problem, we developed and validated the first comprehensive extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS quantification method for tSGAs. Our extraction method allows for up to 16 samples to be extracted simultaneously in 20 minutes with 93.0 ± 6.8% and 100.8 ± 13.1% recovery rates for tomatidine and alpha-tomatine, respectively. Our ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was able to chromatographically separate analytes derived from 16 tSGAs representing 9 different tSGA masses, as well as two internal standards, in 13 minutes. Tomato steroidal glycoalkaloids that did not have available standards were annotated using high resolution mass spectrometry as well as product ion scans that provided fragmentation data. Lastly, we utilized our method to survey a variety of commonly consumed tomato-based products. Total tSGA concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 3.4 mg/serving and represent some of the first reported tSGA concentrations in tomato-based products. Our validation studies indicate that our method is sensitive, robust, and able to be used for a variety of applications where concentrations of biologically relevant tSGAs need to be quantified.
EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM EXERCISE TRAINING ON PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN ELDERLY SUBJECTS

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of long-term exercise training on immune function in elderly individuals. This study was conducted on 27 sedentary subjects including 7 males and 20 females aged 66.1•}4.2 yrs. (range of 60 to 77 yrs.) who participated in a 12-month exercise program. The subjects attended the exercise program 4.4 •} 1.7 times per month. Peripheral blood samples were taken prior to, and at 5 and 12 months during the exercise training program. Each lymphocyte subset (natural killer: NE, T, cytotoxic T: Tc, helper T: Th, memory-Th and NKT) count in the samples was measured using flow cytometry. Results indicated that NE and Tc cell counts were not significantly altered. Whereas, T and Th cell counts were significantly elevated after 12 months, and memory-Th and NET cell counts were significantly elevated after 5 and 12 months of exercise training. These results suggest that long-term exercise training may be a stimu lus to increase and or maintain immune function in elderly individuals. (Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med. 2003, 52 Suppl : 193202) key word : aged, training, exercise, lymphocyte subsets
Analysis of the Morphological Variations between Musculocutaneous Nerve and Median Nerve -A cadaveric study

Background: Musculocutaneous nerve, a branch from the lateral cord of brachial plexus supply the muscles of the front of the arm. Musculocutaneous nerve has frequent variations in arm. Aim: To analyze the morphological variations between musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve in the arm. Materials and Method: 56 upper limbs belonging to 28 embalmed cadavers (M: F: 20:8) donated over last 3 years in the Anatomy Department, SMIMER Medical Collage, Surat were utilised for this study. The dissections of the upper limbs were performed as per Cunningham’s manual. The variations and/ communications between musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve if any were identified and documented. Results: Variations were encountered in 12 (21.43%) out of 56 upper limbs of the present study. In 6 upper limbs below the coracobrachialis, musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve showed communicating rami. In 1 upper limb musculocutaneous nerve was giving larger communication to median nerve as third root. In 2 upper limbs medial cord formed the median nerve and fibres from musculocutaneous nerve join the median nerve as lateral root below coracobrachialis. In 1 upper limb musculocutaneous nerve completely fused with median nerve after supplying coracobrachialis. In 2 upper limbs muculocutaneous nerve was absent and median nerves was supplying the flexor muscles of the arm and were associated with the 3rd head of biceps brachii muscle. Conclusion: The data obtained from the study were in the mid-range of previous studies. Awareness regarding such variations as well as communications is important for surgeons, orthopaedics and anaesthetist that are treating the lesions of shoulder and arm region. Keywords: Musculocutaneous Nerve, Median Nerve, Communication Branch (Ramus), Coracobrachialis Muscle
Does broadband internet allow cities to ‘borrow size’? Evidence from the Swedish labour market

ABSTRACT Borrowed size refers to the idea that small cities near larger metropolitan centres can reap the advantages of large agglomerations, but without the costs of agglomeration. The study explores whether broadband internet helps such smaller cities to enjoy the labour market benefits of a larger city. Using Swedish micro-data from 2007 to 2015, together with unique data on broadband, suggestive evidence is found that broadband indeed allows smaller cities to reap such benefits. Borrowed size is primarily driven by the overall penetration of broadband in the place of residence, rather than by broadband availability at the residence.
Serum Selenium and Copper Levels in Children with Simple Febrile Seizure and Viral Infections

Amac: Saglikli bir sinir sistemi icin eser elementler son derece onemlidir. Eser elementlerin duzeyi viral enfeksiyonlar ve atesli nobetler sirasinda degisiklik gosterir. Bu calismanin amaci febril nobet ve viral enfeksiyonu olan cocuklarin serum selenyum ve bakir duzeylerini belirlemektir. Gerec yontem: Basit febril konvulziyon geciren ve viral enfeksiyonu saptanan 40 cocuk calismaya alindi. Kontrol grubu olarak ise atesi ve viral enfeksiyonu olup nobet gecirmeyen 40 cocuk secildi. Her iki gruptan alinan serum ornekleri olculdu ve karsilastirildi. Bulgular: Basit febril konvulziyon grubunda serum selenyum duzeyleri istatistiksel anlamli olarak dusuk bulundu( p=0.043). Selenyum ve bakir duzeyleri ile yas, cinsiyet, vucut kitle indeksi, nobet suresi ve ates yuksekligi arasinda iliski saptanmadi. Sonuc: Basit febril konvulziyon geciren cocuklarda selenyum duzeyinin dusuk olmasi oksidatif hasar ve antioksidan savunma mekanizmalarinin aktiflesmesine bagli olabilir. Selenyum duzeyindeki anlamli dusukluk febril nobetleri baslatabilecegi gibi nobetin tekrarlamasina da neden olabilir. Basit ve tekrarlayan febril nobetlerde selenyum duzeyini arastiran calismalara ihtiyac vardir. Anahtar kelimeler: Febril konvulziyon, selenyum, bakir, cocuk
Entropy-regularized Optimal Transport for Machine Learning

Le Transport Optimal regularise par l’Entropie (TOE) permet de deﬁnir les Divergences de Sinkhorn (DS), une nouvelle classe de distance entre mesures de probabilites basees sur le TOE. Celles-ci permettentd’interpolerentredeuxautresdistancesconnues: leTransport Optimal(TO)etl’EcartMoyenMaximal(EMM). LesDSpeuventetre utilisees pour apprendre des modeles probabilistes avec de meilleures performances que les algorithmes existants pour une regularisation adequate. Ceci est justiﬁe par un theoreme sur l’approximation des SDpardesechantillons, prouvantqu’uneregularisationsusantepermet de se debarrasser de la malediction de la dimension du TO, et l’on retrouve a l’inﬁni le taux de convergence des EMM. Enﬁn, nous presentons de nouveaux algorithmes de resolution pour le TOE bases surl’optimisationstochastique‘en-ligne’qui,contrairemental’etatde l’art, ne se restreignent pas aux mesures discretes et s’adaptent bien aux problemes de grande dimension.
An investigation of nicotine metabolism in mice : the impact of pharmacological inhibition and genetic influences on nicotine pharmacology.

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is one of the single greatest causes of numerous preventable diseases. We were interested in developing an animal model of nicotine metabolism that can be used to examine the effects of potential CYP2A6 inhibitors on nicotine metabolism and nicotine-mediated behaviours. Pharmacogenetic studies have demonstrated that in humans, smoking behaviour is associated with rates of nicotine metabolism by the CYP2A6 enzyme. Mouse CYP2A5 shares structural and functional similarities to human CYP2A6 and has been implicated in nicotine self-administration behaviours in mice, therefore the mouse represents a potential animal model for studying nicotine metabolism. METHODS: We characterized nicotine and cotinine metabolism in two commonly used mouse strains (DBA/2 and C57Bl/6). We also examined the association between nicotine self-administration behaviours and nicotine metabolism, and the impact of direct manipulation (i.e. inhibition) of nicotine metabolism on nicotine pharmacodynamics (hot-plate and tail-flick tests) in mice. Finally, we studied the effect of selegiline (a known cytochrome P450 mechanism-based inhibitor) on nicotine metabolism in mice and in human CYP2A6. RESULTS: Nicotine metabolism in mice in vitro was mediated by CYP2A5, and this enzyme was responsible for over 70% and 90% of the metabolism of nicotine to cotinine and cotinine to 3-hydroxycotinine as shown by immuno-inhibition studies, respectively. A polymorphism in CYP2A5 between mouse strains, known to alter the probe substrate coumarin’s metabolism, did not affect
Strain Typing and Molecular Characterization of CTX-M-1 Group ESBL in Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Children

Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is rapidly spreading worldwide, creating serious problems in clinical settings. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of CTX-M-1 group ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. Methods: Seventeen CTX-M-1 group ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates found among 31 K. pneumoniae isolates in samples collected from three hospitals in Tehran, Iran between May and December 2011 were included in the present study for further characterization and determination of clonal relationships. The genetic environment of blaCTX-M-1 was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mapping and sequencing, and the transferability of blaCTX-M-1 was evaluated through the use of a conjugation assay. PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) was used to identify plasmid replicons. The isolates were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: All 17 isolates carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene. IncL/M was the most common replicon type (82.3%). The conjugation experiment showed that blaCTX-M-15 was carried on transferable plasmids. In all of the studied isolates, the mobile element ISEcp1 was found upstream and orf477 downstream of blaCTX-M-15, whereas IS26 was not found. PFGE identified 11 different profiles and one major clone. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that among the K. pneumoniae strains isolated from samples of children, dissemination of the blaCTX-M-15 gene is due to clonal spread and to the dissemination of mobile genetic elements bearing blaCTX-M-15, such as ISEcp1. Genotyping of K. pneumoniae is indispensable for monitoring the spread of ESBL-producing strains, for initiating the implementation of suitable infection control measures, and for general epidemiology purposes.
Key Performance Indicators bei der Bewertung von Smart Cities

Bei der Entwicklung von Konzepten für eine Smart City2 nehmen kommunale Entscheidungsträger in Politik und öffentlicher Verwaltung eine Schlüsselrolle ein.3 Auf Grundlage eines zunächst zu entwickelnden Strategiekonzeptes für die Stadt sind operative Ziele zu formulieren, aber auch der Umsetzungsfortschritt ist zu kontrollieren.4 Städtische Entscheidungsträger stehen vor der Herausforderung Key Performance Indicators5 zu entwickeln, mit denen sich ihre Smart City Vision operationalisieren und messbar machen lässt. Aktuell werden von Beratungsfirmen und Unternehmen, aber auch von Forschungsinstituten auf Basis von Indikatoren-Sets Städte-Rankings mit Fokus auf Smart City (Smart City Rankings) veröffentlicht, in denen Städte bewertet und verglichen werden. Da es weder ein einheitliches Verständnis von Smart Cities noch ein allgemeingültiges Indikatoren-Set gibt, unterscheiden sich die Rankings stark in ihrer Methodik und in ihren Ergebnissen. Bewertung und Vergleich in den Rankings beruhen immer auf Indikatoren, die die Autoren für entscheidend für die „Smartness“ einer Stadt halten. Daher könnten in den Rankings verwendete Indikatoren Entscheidungsträgern als Grundlage für die Entwicklung von Smart City Key Performance Indicators dienen. 1