Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organisation et efficience des marchés de légumes approvisionnant Hanoi (Vietnam)

Au Vietnam, depuis que l‘Etat s‘est retire des marches de produits alimentaires, se pose de maniere cruciale la question de la performance economique des marches prives et du role des pouvoirs publics dans leur regulation. L‘etude de l‘approvisionnement de Hanoi en legumes frais remet en question l‘idee communement admise selon laquelle ces marches prives seraient totalement desorganises. L‘organisation de la filiere maraichere a Hanoi confirme certaines des hypotheses de la theorie des couts de transaction, les arrangements contractuels etant plus frequents dans les filieres ou la demande d‘information, la qualite et la ponctualite de l‘offre sont privilegiees.
The LIM-only Proteins FHL2 and FHL3 Interact with α- and β-Subunits of the Muscle α7β1 Integrin Receptor*

FHL1, FHL2, and FHL3 are members of the four and one-half LIM domain protein subclass that are expressed in striated muscles. Here we show that FHL2 and FHL3 are novel α7β1 integrin-interacting proteins. They bind both the α- and the β-subunit as well as different splice isoforms. The minimal binding sites for FHL2 and FHL3 on β1A-chain overlap, whereas on α7A and α7B subunits they are situated adjacent. Determining the binding sites for integrins on FHL2 or FHL3 revealed that the suprastructure of the whole molecule is important for these associations, rather than any single LIM domain. Immunofluorescence studies with cells expressing full-length FHL proteins or their deletion mutants showed that FHL2 and FHL3 but not FHL1 colocalize with integrins at cell adhesion sites. Further, their recruitment to the membrane results from binding to either the α- or the β-chain of the integrin receptor. The association of FHL2 or FHL3 with integrin receptors neither influences attachment of cells to different substrates nor changes their migration capacity. However, in cardiac and skeletal muscles, FHL2 and FHL3, respectively, are colocalized with α7β1 integrin receptor at the periphery of Z-discs, suggesting a role in mechanical stabilization of muscle cells.
Tradeoffs between height growth rate, stem persistence and maximum height among plant species in a post-fire succession

One way species of low maximum height can accrue sufficient light income to persist in vegetation is via rapid height growth immediately following disturbance. By surveying patches of known time since fire, we reconstructed height–growth trajectories for 19 post-fire recruiting species from fire-prone vegetation in south-eastern Australia. Cross-species patterns of height growth were compared to several plant traits thought to influence height strategy, including leaf mass per area, stem tissue density, stem diameter and capacity to resprout. Shorter species were found to temporarily outpace taller species, both as resprouters and within reseeders. Among reseeders, a single axis of variation summarised patterns of height–growth, time to onset of reproduction and longevity. This axis was tightly correlated with maximum height, leaf mass per area and stem diameter at a given height. These results illustrate how a range of height strategies can coexist in fire-prone vegetation, via the time-process initiated by disturbance.
Modes of self‐fertilization in Mimulus guttatus (Scrophulariaceae): a field experiment

We inferred Lloyd's modes of selfing in a natural population of the common monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus. Estimates were obtained using floral manipulations combined with seed counts and isozyme analyses of selfing rates. Of the 25% selfing estimated from isozyme markers, about one-half was competing, about one-third was geitonogamous, and at least one-fifth (perhaps twice this) was due to biparental inbreeding. Estimates of prior and delayed selfing were small and did not significantly differ from zero. These results were obtained using plants with the characteristic pair of open flowers at an inflorescence node. The second-opening flower showed twice the rate of selfing, presumably because of protogynous-based geitonogamy differences. Solitary-flowered plants, which have smaller flowers but no geitonogamy, showed about 50% selfing, consisting of about equal components of competing selfing and biparental inbreeding. While geitonogamy and biparental inbreeding might be unavoidable by-products of adaptations for outcrossing, competing selfing is subject to more direct natural selection and warrants adaptive explanations.
Tryptophan determination of food proteins by h.p.l.c. after alkaline hydrolysis

The alkaline hydrolysis of proteins prior to tryptophan analysis has been evaluated, and a method for the measurement of tryptophan by reverse phase h.p.l.c. after alkaline hydrolysis has been proposed and compared with published methods. Hydrolysis with either LiOH or NaOH gave similar results. Tryptophan values and the recovery of added 5-methyltryptophan were similar when hydrolysis was made under tap-water vacuum (1500 Pa) or at high vacuum (2 Pa). Partially-hydrolysed starch reduced the losses of tryptophan during hydrolysis better than thiodiglycol. High levels of indolyl-3-propionic acid or 5-methyltryptophan did not further improve tryptophan recovery. 5-Methyltryptophan is the preferred internal standard; its recovery after hydrolysis more closely resembled that of protein-bound tritiated tryptophan from goat casein than did the recoveries of α-methyltryptophan or free 14C-tryptophan. Under some conditions, the recovery of protein bound tryptophan was lower than the recovery of free tryptophan. The stability of tryptophan in hydrolysates was improved by using a phosphate buffer pH 7.0 containing 0.02% sodium azide.
Differential fractionation of δ13C and δ15N among fish tissues: implications for the study of trophic interactions

1. Stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon are widely used in the evaluation and understanding of trophic interactions, and especially so in aquatic food-webs. However, differences among tissues which occur in consumers such as fish may confound resolution of these ecological relationships, and greatly affect dietary compositions calculated through mass-balance equations. 2. δ 13 C and δ 15 N were determined for homogenized whole fry ( 2.7 g) and particular tissues (white muscle, red muscle, liver and heart) of juveniles (= 20.6 g) of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. 3. Differences in δ 13 C and δ 15 N were observed among tissues; removal of lipid resulted in these tissues becoming statistically indistinguishable but more variable in δ 13 C, particularly in tissues with higher lipid content. Differences in δ 15 N among tissues may be related to the relative composition of 'essential' and 'non-essential' amino acids. 5. Acidification, which is used to reduce variability caused by the presence of inorganic carbonate, had a significant effect on δ 15 N, while having a non-significant effect on the δ 13 C This was the case for whole ground fish-fry, which contained 22.6% inorganic carbonates in the form of bones and scales, and for individual fish tissues which contained only very small amounts of inorganic carbonate. 6. White muscle was found to be less variable in δ 13 C and δ 15 N than all other tissues, and is probably the best tissue for use in ecological work. Red muscle, which is often closely associated with white muscle, is more variable in δ 13 C and may constitute a source of significant error in source material identification and dietary overlap.
Plant identity and density can influence arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization, plant growth, and reproduction investment in coculture

Reciprocal effects between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant communities are essential to study the complexity of interactions in a grassland ecosystem. Here, we investigated the effects of plant community density and composition on AMF colonization, plant growth, and reproduction investment. We developed an experimental system with three compartments, each containing either three or six Medicago truncatula Gaertn. plants, or three M. truncatula plants associated with three Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke plants. All three compartments shared the same common mycorrhizal network built either by Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 43194, by Rhizophagus clarus MUCL 46238, or by both AMF in association grown in a central compartment on Plantago lanceolata L. Our results demonstrate an absence of effect of plant density but a positive influence of mixed cultures on AMF root colonization compared with monocultures. This higher AMF development resulted in a positive feedback on shoot biomass and number of fl.
Effect of wood ash fertilization on soil chemical properties and stand nutrient status and growth of some coniferous stands in Finland

The effects of wood ash or wood ash plus nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil chemical properties, needle nutrient concentrations and tree growth were studied in five coniferous stands, aged 31–75 yrs, after 5 and 10 yrs. In each experiment 3 t ha−1 of loose wood ash was applied to three replicated plots (30×30 m). In three of the experiments 120–150 kg N ha−1 was applied together with the same wood ash (WAN). These three experiments also included a stand-specific fertilization (SSF) treatment, which consisted of 120, 150 or 180 kg N ha−1. Five years after wood ash or WAN application the pH increase in the humus layer was 1–1.7 pH-units and in the 0–5 cm mineral soil layer 0.3–0.4 pH-units. The increase was approximately the same 10 yrs after application, and was also associated with an increase in pH in the 5–10 cm mineral soil layer. Wood ash or WAN significantly increased both the total and extractable calcium and magnesium concentrations in the humus layer on all the sites. Wood ash or WAN had an increasing effect on the boron concentrations, but a decreasing effect on the manganese concentrations in the needles. Wood ash had no significant effect on the volume growth. The trees on the WAN plots grew as well as or slightly better than those on the SSF plots.
Dominance of Tilapia mossambica, an introduced fish species, in three Puerto Rican estuaries

We compared species presence, abundance, and size characteristics of fish in three brackish, coastal marshes at Humacao, Roosevelt Roads, and Boqueron, Puerto Rico, in February and March 1988. The three marsh ecosystems were similar with respect to the presence of large expanses of open water bordered by emergent vegetation, creeks, and mangroves, and all had some recreational use. We sampled fish using gill nets. Tilapia (Oreochromis) mossambica were the most abundant fish, accounting for 55–79% of the samples at all three marshes. Overall, tilapia were both the largest (North Lagoon) and the smallest (Frontera Creek) at Humacao. Tilapia were most common in open lagoons rather than creeks or bays (except for Mandri Creek), and their distribution seemed unrelated to salinity. Tarpon (Megalops atlantica) were more abundant at low salinities, whereas other fish were more abundant at higher salinities.
Improvement in the Nutritional Value of Barley for Chicks by Enzyme Supplementation

ABSTRACT Fry et al. (1957a) have recently shown that a simple water treatment of ground pearled barley markedly improved its nutritional value. Diets containing water-treated barley supported chick growth equal to that given by a diet containing corn. Feed efficiency obtained with the treated barley diets was significantly better than that for chicks fed the diet in which corn replaced the barley. Hastings (1946) found that addition of a diastatic enzyme material to a high fiber chick diet improved growth and feed efficiency. This preparation was without effect when added to a low fiber diet in which wheat and oats replaced the milling byproducts. Neither of the diets contained barley. Other studies (Arscott et al., 1955; and Fry et al., 1957b) strongly suggest that the depressed growth and feed efficiency which results when the corn component of a chick diet is replaced by either barley or pearled barley is due to .
Sex Ratios of North American Gulls Based on Museum Collections

A survey of museum specimens revealed large interspecific variability in the sex ratio in 14 species [Mew, ring-billed, laughing, Franklin's, Bonaparte's, Heerman's, California, herring, Thayer's, western, glaucous, glaucous-winged, and great black-backed gulls, and blacklegged kittiwake] of North American gulls. In the three black-headed species, (Larus atricilla, L. pipixcan, and L. philadelphia), females outnumbered males among prefledglings, but males outnumbered females among adults. In the white-headed gulls, the male/female ratio in prefledglings did not vary significantly from 1.0 in any species. However, among first-year birds, females outnumbered males in 8 white-headed species. Among adults, the male/female ratio was 1.0 in the Great Black-backed Gull, and = 1.0 in the other white-headed gulls.
Lesothosaurus, “Fabrosaurids,” and the early evolution of Ornithischia

ABSTRACT New materials of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus permit a detailed understanding of one of the earliest and most primitive ornithischians. Skull proportions and suturai relations can be discerned from several articulated and disarticulated skulls. The snout is proportionately long with a vascularized, horn-covered tip. The premaxillary palate is broad and vomers are long and fused anteriorly. Unlike many later ornithischians, the postpalatine vacuities are broadly open. The basal tubera are short and gently depressed, and the epiotic contributes to the sidewall of the braincase. The mandibular symphysis is spout-shaped, and the dentition is marked by oblique wear facets, in contrast to earlier reports. The tooth-to-tooth wear facets and form of the predentary-dentary articulation suggest long-axis rotation of the mandibular rami during mastication. The forelimb is proportionately very short, with a partially opposable pollex. The ischium lacks an obturator process. The reduced hallux is held well abov.
Fishery and Population Characteristics of Blue Catfish and Channel Catfish and Potential Impacts of Minimum Length Limits on the Fishery in Lake Wilson, Alabama

Abstract A popular recreational and commercial fishery for blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus and channel catfish I. punctatus exists at Lake Wilson, Alabama (Tennessee River). We examined the fishery, exploitation, angler size selectivity, and population demographics of these two species at Lake Wilson. In addition, we explored management strategies to enhance the fishery of trophy blue catfish. Currently, Alabama has no bag or minimum-length-limit regulations for catfish, except for the harvest of fish over 864 mm total length (TL). From April to October 2006, catfish harvest was high (8 kg/ha), and angler catch and harvest rates averaged 1.5 and 1.2 fish/h, respectively. The majority of fish harvested were between 300 and 600 mm TL, and anglers harvested larger fish in proportion to the sample population. Catfish were collected by low-frequency (15-MHz) DC electrofishing; they were aged with otoliths from 180 and 122 blue catfish and channel catfish, respectively, subsamples of 2,905 blue catfish and 699 .
External egg morphology of the Hawaiian dancing moth, Dryadaula terpsichorella (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)

The Hawaiian dancing moth, Dryadaula terpsichorella (Busck 1910) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), has been recently introduced into the continental USA, in California and Florida. While the larva and pupa of a few species in the tineid subfamily Dryadaulinae have been described, the morphology of the egg has not been reported for any species in the subfamily. In this study, we report the egg morphology of D. terpsichorella. The egg is scale-like, which is unusual for Tineidae, and the chorion has reticulate sculpturing and numerous micropunctures over its surface. Five to eight obovate primary cells surround the micropylar area. The chorion of D. terpsichorella is similar to other tineid species in its reticulate pattern, but the shape of the egg is distinctively different. We postulate that the flattened shape may be related to the reduction of the ovipositor. While observations from other species are needed, we predict that the flat and singly deposited egg of D. terpsichorella may be shared with congeners in the subfamily. The flattened shape of the egg may be for attaching to the surface of plants effectively or preventing desiccation and predation.
The influence of climate variation on eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) juvenile abundance in Chesapeake Bay

There has been a significant downward trend in the annual abundance (= spatfall) of 0‐age eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) measured in the autumn since 1940 in the Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay. We developed a multiple linear regression model to predict spatfall from environmental conditions and the magnitude of the previous year’s oyster harvest. The model explained 57% of the variance in spatfall from 1940 through 1976. We used the model to predict spatfall using data from 1977 to 2004 and found poor fit for the years after 1985. We suggest that this predictive relation was lost because an epizootic of the protistan parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni in 1985 and 1986 killed large numbers of oysters in the Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay. This event disrupted the tight relation between oyster harvest and spatfall. Using the same variables as in our initial model, we constructed a second multiple linear regression model for all data after 1977. This new model explained 53% of the variance in spatfall, although there was a reduced relation between oyster harvest in the previous year and a strong relation between July salinity and spatfall. Hindcasting spatfall from 1940 to 1976, this model explained 49% of the variance. We suggest that the overall downward trend in oyster spatfall since records began in 1940 is driven by the loss of adult oysters in the spawning stock. Superimposed on this trend is large interannual variability in oyster spatfall that is strongly related to climate‐driven changes in environmental conditions during the summer period of larval development and settlement.
Evolutionary Options for Maximizing Pollen Dispersal of Animal-Pollinated Plants

On the average, nectar-collecting bumble bees deposited 0.6% of the pollen removed from the flowers of Erythronium grandiflorum (Liliaceae) onto the stigmas of subsequently visited flowers. Because the proportion deposited declined as the amount removed increased, an individual plant would maximize its total pollen dispersal by relying on many pollen-removing visits while limiting the pollen removed by each pollinator. This restriction of pollen removal could be achieved by a plant presenting only a small portion of its pollen at one time (packaging) and/or by limiting the amount of presented pollen that a pollinator removes during a single visit (dispensing). The restriction of pollen removal required to maximize the expected total deposition on stigmas depends on the number of pollinator visits a plant receives, variation in the frequency of visits, and the pattern of pollen removal during a series of visits. Many aspects of floral biology contribute to a plant's ability to restrict pollen removal, including inflorescence size, flower morphology, anthesis patterns, nectar production, and dichogamy. Selection increasing paternal fitness of animal-pollinated plants could therefore elicit one of a variety of evolutionary responses; the specific response will depend on characteristics of both the plant and the pollinator.
Molecular phylogenies as a tool to understand diversity in rotifers

Over the past decade, the availability of DNA sequence data from rotifers and the development of statistical and analytical tools linked to phylogenetic reconstructions allowed researchers to deepen our knowledge of patterns and processes in rotifer diversity. Here, I review the recent rotifer literature regarding: (i) the position of rotifers in the animal kingdom, with the wide consensus being within Spiralia, in a clade called Platyzoa together with Acanthocephalans, Gastrotricha, Gnathostomulida, Micrognathozoa, and Platyhelminthes; (ii) the still unresolved phylogenetic relationships within rotifers and the disputed position of Acanthocephala; (iii) the discovery of extensive hidden diversity through DNA taxonomy; (iv) phylogeography; and (v) the phylogenetic structure of rotifer communities. In order to facilitate the further discovery of hidden diversity in rotifers, I provide a simple tutorial on the currently available methods in DNA taxonomy from single locus data using a previously published rotifer dataset as an example. Moreover, I outline a brief perspective on the potentiality of the use of phylogenetic approaches in future rotifer studies.
Mitochondrial DNA and Color Pattern Variation in Three Western Atlantic Halichoeres (Labridae), with the Revalidation of Two Species

Abstract Genetic surveys of widely distributed marine species often find previously undetected biodiversity. In the present study, populations of three species of Halichoeres were sampled across their entire geographical ranges: Halichoeres cyanocephalus and Halichoeres maculipinna were sampled on both sides of the Amazon freshwater outflow, the main biogeographic barrier in the tropical western Atlantic; and Halichoeres garnoti was sampled in the Caribbean and Bermuda. Genetic divergences between populations separated by the Amazon ranged from 2.3% in H. cyanocephalus to 6.5% in H. maculipinna. There is inconsistency between color differences and genetic partitions in the species surveyed. The color differences between populations of H. cyanocephalus and H. maculipinna correspond to deep genetic partitions at the cytochrome b locus. However, genetic similarity at this same locus was observed between populations of H. garnoti with striking color differences. Based on the combination of the observed genetic differences with diagnostic color differences, the Brazilian species Halichoeres dimidiatus (Agassiz) and Halichoeres penrosei Starks, 1913 are revalidated. In addition, a neotype is designated to H. cyanocephalus (Bloch, 1791), to clarify its taxonomic status and type locality. All species analyzed have a similar larval dispersal potential, but varying degrees of genetic divergences were observed, indicating that benthic stage ecology may also play a role in speciation in this group.
Metazoan evolution–a new model

Within their limits of resolution, different methods to reveal biochemical evolution appear to give reliable results where they can be controlled, as in the case of the Vertebrata. Compounds such as cytochrome c, SS rRNA and globins yield closely comparable results, which further strengthens the reliability. When the methods are applied to biochemical data from as many metazoan phyla as possible, the result is a phylogenetic tree which contrasts in certain respects with phylogenetic trees based on comparative zoology data. Important conclusions seem to include the following: (1) many metazoan phyla appear to have branched off from a shared, very conservative spiralian/protostome ancestral stock through the adoption of basically new feeding and locomotory strategies; (2) this origination makes it almost impossible to use a comparative zoology approach to solve problems of interphylum (in contrast to intraphylum) affinities, as similarities tend to be due only to shared derived Characters and similar life strategies, while dissimilarities are due to different basic life strategies; (3) protostome characters constitute a synapomorphy for triploblastic metazoans, and where absent they are secondarily lost, which means that protostome and deuterostome characters are irregularly distributed and mixed; (4) true deuterostomes form a sister group of the Mollusca, and they are only a top branch of the evolutionary tree.