Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Multipath Routing on WSN Security Attacks

Multipath routing does not minimize the consequences of security attacks. Due to this many WSNs are still in danger of most security attacks even when multipath routing is used. In critical situations, for example, in military and health applications this may lead to undesired, harmful and disastrous effects. These applications need to get their data communicated efficiently and in a secure manner. In this paper, we show the results of a series of security attacks on a multipath extension to the ad hoc on-demand distance vector AODV protocol, AOMDV. It is proved that many security parameters are negatively affected by security attacks on AOMDV, which is contradictory to research claims. This means that alternative refinements have to be made to present multipath routing protocols in order to make them more effective against network security attacks.
RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT WITH ADAPTIVE SURROGATES BASED ON SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE REGRESSION

Reliability assessment in the context of rare failure events still suffers from its computational cost despite some available methods widely accepted by researchers and engineers. Monte Carlo simulation methods even in their most efﬁcient version such as subset simulation often require a large number of samples for an acceptable accuracy on the failure probability of interest. For low to moderately high dimensional problems and under the assumption of a rather smooth limit-state function, surrogate models a.k. a. metamodels or response surfaces represent interesting alternative solutions. This paper presents an adaptive method based on SVM surrogates used in regression. The SVM formulation hinges on the (cid:15) -insensitive loss function and a Gaussian RBF kernel. The key idea of the proposed method is to iteratively construct SVM surrogates which become more accurate as they get closer to the limit-state surface. Sub-set simulation is applied to the constructed SVM surrogates for assessing probabilities with respect to intermediate threshold values of the LSF and more importantly for generating new training points. The efﬁciency of the method is tested on several examples featuring various challenges: a parallel system, a highly curved limit-state surface at a single most probable failure point and a smooth high-dimensional limit-state surface with equal curvatures. The paper puts an emphasis on the key role of an optimal selection of SVM surrogate hyperparameters. This is achieved in the present work by minimizing an estimate of the leave-one-out error using the cross-entropy method.
Asymmetric ocean basins

While the superficial expression of oceanic ridges is generally symmetric, their deeper roots may be asymmetric. Based on a surface wave tomographic three-dimensional model of the Earth's upper 300 km, we construct a global cross section parallel to the equator of the net rotation of the lithosphere, the so-called tectonic equator. Shear wave velocities indicate a difference between the western and eastern flanks of the three major oceanic rift basins (Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian ridges). In general, the western limbs have a faster velocity and thicker lithosphere relative to the eastern or northeastern one, whereas the upper asthenosphere is faster in the eastern limb than in the western limb. We interpret the difference between the two flanks as the combination of mantle depletion along the oceanic rifts and of the westward migration of the ridges and the lithosphere relative to the mantle. The low-velocity layer in the upper asthenosphere at the depth of 120–200 km is assumed to represent the decoupling between the lithosphere and the underlying mantle. It is also well defined by the distribution of radial anisotropy that reaches minimum values close to the rifts, but with an eastward offset. These results could be explained in the frame of the westward drift of the lithosphere relative to the underlying mantle.
Ballot Initiatives and Electoral Timing

This paper examines the effects of electoral timing on the results of ballot initiative campaigns. Using data from 1965 to 2009, I investigate whether initiative campaign results systematically differ depending on whether the legislation appears during special, midterm, or presidential elections. I also consider the electoral context, particularly the effects of surging presidential candidates on ballot initiative results. The results suggest that initiatives on morality policy are sensitive to the electoral environment, particularly to “favorable surges” provided by popular presidential candidates. Preliminary evidence suggests that tax policy is unaffected by electoral timing.
A Survey on SECRBAC: Secure Data in the Clouds

Most present security arrangements depend on border security. In any case, Cloud figuring breaks the association borders. At the point when information lives in the Cloud, they dwell outside the hierarchical limits. This leads clients to loos of control over their information and raises sensible security worries that back off the reception of Cloud processing. Is the Cloud specialist co-op getting to the information? Is it honest to goodness applying the get to control strategy characterized by the client? This paper displays an information driven get to control arrangement with enhanced part based expressiveness in which security is centered around ensuring client information in any case the Cloud specialist co-op that holds it. Novel personality based and intermediary re-encryption systems are utilized to ensure the approval display. Information is scrambled and approval standards are cryptographically secured to save client information against the specialist co-op get to or bad conduct. The approval display furnishes high expressiveness with part chain of importance and asset progressive system bolster. The arrangement exploits the rationale formalism gave by Semantic Web advances, which empowers propelled govern administration like semantic clash identification. A proof of idea usage has been produced and a working prototypical organization of the proposition has been coordinated inside Google administrations
Argentinean real exchange rate 1900-2006: testing purchasing power parity theory

This paper tests the Purchasing Power Parity Theory of Exchange Rates dealing with Argentinean data for the period 1900-2006. This is equivalent to testing if the Real Exchange Rate is a stationary variable or if its components (the nominal exchange rate and the relative prices) are cointegrated. Since most works study developed countries or developing countries but with short span data, this paper aims to fill a gap in the wide PPP literature by studding a developing country with a long-run approach. This country is particularly interesting since during 20th century “Argentine economic performance tells a story of decline unparalleled in modern times” (Taylor 1992). The downfall of this once developed country has probably affected the behavior of its RER and the validity of PPP. To check this, we use a wide set of econometric techniques and found that the PPP theory is not verified in Argentina, since its RER appears as a non-stationary variable, and there is no evidence of cointegration between the nominal exchange rate and the relative prices. In particular, the Argentinean RER appears to be trend-stationary under structural breaks with a continuous real depreciation of the Argentinean currency, especially in the first half of XX century, which is consistent with theories that relate the secular impoverishment of a country with the depreciation of its RER, as the Balassa-Samuelson effect.
Evaluation of Multi-microbial Probiotics Produced by Submerged Liquid and Solid Substrate Fermentation Methods in Broilers

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate multi-microbe submerged liquid (SLF) and solid substrate (SSF) fermented probiotic products in broilers. The SLF and SSF probiotics were comprised of Lactobacillus acidophilus (1.1×10 9 and 4×10 8 cfu/g), Bacillus subtilis (1.1×10 9 and 4.8×10 9 cfu/g), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1.5×10 7 and 1.0×10 4 cfu/g) and Aspergillus oryzae (2.6×10 7 and 4.3×10 7 cfu/g), respectively. In Exp. 1, 640 day-old Ross chicks were allotted to 4 treatments, each comprising 4 replicates (40 chicks/replicate). The basal diet was prepared without any antimicrobials (negative control, NC), and 20 mg/kg avilamycin (positive control, PC), 0.3% SLF and 0.3% SSF probiotics were added to the basal diets as treatments. Birds fed PC and SSF diets showed improved (p<0.001) overall weight gain and F/G than birds fed NC and SLF diets; whereas, birds fed SLF diet had better weight gain and F/G than birds fed NC diet. Retention of CP was higher (p<0.05) in birds fed the SSF diet than birds fed PC, SLF and NC diets. Birds fed the SLF diet tended to have higher (p<0.10) cecal total anaerobic bacteria than birds fed PC and NC diets; whereas, lesser cecal coliforms were noticed in birds fed PC, SLF and SSF diets than birds fed the NC diet. In Exp. 2, 640 day-old Ross chicks were randomly allotted to 4 treatments in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. Each treatment had 4 replicates (40 chicks/replicate). Two different multi-microbe probiotic products (0.3% SLF or SSF) each with two different antibiotics (10 mg/kg colistin, or 20 mg/kg avilamycin) were used as dietary treatments. Birds fed the SSF diet had greater weight gain (p<0.001), better F/G (p<0.05), greater retention of energy (p<0.001) and protein (p<0.05), and lesser cecal Clostridium (d 35) than birds fed SLF diet. Birds fed the colistin-supplemented diet had less (p<0.01) cecal coliforms when compared with birds fed the avilamycin diet. Additionally, birds fed the avilamycin diet had greater energy retention (p<0.05) than birds fed the colistin diet. Thus, the results of this study suggest the multi-microbe probiotic product prepared by a solid substrate fermentation method to be superior to the probiotic product prepared by submerged liquid fermentation; moreover, feeding of probiotics with different antibiotics did not elicit any interaction effect between probiotic and antibiotic.
An Extensive Hypothetical Review on Call Handover Process in Cellular Network

This paper gives an overview on call handover process in cellular communication network. Mobility is key issue in current and future cellular networks such as GSM, UMTS and LTE. The handover process impacts on Quality of Service for network provider. If this process accomplishes inaccurately handover can result in loss of call. Handover is the process in which active call is transferred from one cell to another cell as the subscriber moves all over the coverage area of cellular network. Received signal level, received signal quality etc. parameters play vital role in handover decision process. MS station detects the signal level of current serving BTS along with surrounding BTS. The type of handover occurrence depends on cellular network structure. In this paper we revised the concept of handover process, different handover schemes and types then we briefly illustrate inter BSC handover sequence process.
On the Bernoulli free boundary problem and related shape optimization problems

This paper deals with the classical Bernoulli free boundary problem. We are interested in solving some shape optimization problems related to this free boundary problem. We prove the continuous dependence of the solution with respect to the data K , working with Hausdorff convergence. We can deduce an existence result for a large class of shape optimization problems. Finally, we give some ideas for a numerical method, based on the use of conformal mappings, to solve such problems in two dimensions.
The flux of iron from continental shelf sediments: A missing source for global budgets

The flux of dissolved iron from sediments to the water column was measured with flux chambers along the California coast over a five‐year period. High fluxes were observed from sediments on the continental shelf. The measured fluxes were an average of 75 times larger than flux values derived from pore‐water iron gradients. The iron flux was significantly correlated with the oxidation of organic matter, which allows an extrapolation to the global shelf. The input from shelf sediments is at least as significant as the global input of dissolved iron from aerosols, which has been presumed to be the dominant external iron source. Evidence of this input is seen 100's of kilometers offshore where it can enable the high productivity of broad coastal regions seen in satellite images.
Linearized Stochastic Scheduling of Interconnected Energy Hubs Considering Integrated Demand Response and Wind Uncertainty

In the context of the Energy Internet, customers are supplied by energy hubs (EH), while the EHs are interconnected through an upper-level transmission system. In this paper, a stochastic scheduling model is proposed for the interconnected EHs considering integrated demand response (DR) and wind variation. The whole integrated energy system (IES) is linearly modeled for the first time. The output-input relationship within the energy hub is denoted as a linearized matrix, while the upper-level power and natural gas transmission systems are analyzed through piecewise linearization method. A novel sequential linearization method is further proposed to balance computational efficiency and approximation accuracy. Integrated demand response is introduced to smooth out demand curve, considering both internal DR achieved by the optimal energy conversion strategy within energy hubs, and external DR achieved by demand adjustment on the customer’s side. Distributed energy storage like natural gas and heat storage are considered to provide buffer for system operation. The proposed stochastic model is solved by scenario-based optimization with a backward scenario reduction strategy. Numerical tests on a three-hub and seventeen-hub interconnected system that validates the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling model and solution methodology.
Significance of computerized tomography and nasal cytology in the diagnosis of rhinosinusitis among asthmatic children

Background: Chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma are conditions that frequently coexist. Nasal sinus disease may contribute to poor control of asthma; this suggests that sinonasal involvement might be a risk factor for asthma severity and morbidity. Proposed mechanisms of this interaction include the presence of postnasal drip, nasobronchial reflex or systemic effect of mediators released from inflamed paranasal sinus tissue. Objective: In the present study, we sought to investigate the relationship of sinonasal inflammation as assessed by coronal sinus computerized tomography (CT) scanning, nasal cytology score, and asthma severity. Methods: Twenty-five children with asthma were recruited from the Pediatric Respiratory Clinic of Ain Shams University. Their ages ranged from 5-13 years with a mean age of 7.78 years. Twenty healthy children who were age- and sex-matched and who had normal sinus CT scans were selected as the control group. Patients were subjected to asthma severity assessment, nasal cytology, total serum IgE assay, and paranasal CT scanning and scoring. Results: Sinus CT scoring showed abnormalities in 88% of asthmatic children, and sinus CT scores correlated positively to asthma severity. Nasal cytology scores for eosinophils and neutrophils correlated positively with sinus CT scores. The most frequent symptoms associated with sinusitis were rhinorrhea (68%) and nasal obstruction (40%). The maxillary sinus was the most frequently affected one followed by the ethmoid sinus. Pathological features included mucosal thickening, osteomeatal complex occlusion, and polyp formation. Conclusion: Computed tomography scan is a useful diagnostic tool for assessment of sinus disease in asthmatic children. Rhinosinusitis is a common asthma comorbidity. Nasal eosinophil or neutrophil score >0.5 provides a better predictive value for rhinosinusitis compared to total serum IgE. Keywords: computerized tomography, nasal sinus, asthma, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, children Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003; 1(2):94-101
A review of evidence on non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) : tests for fetal RHD genotype

This report concentrates on three main areas. First and foremost, we set the background context for RhD NIPD in prenatal care. While the methodology chapter describes how the literature review was carried out and how additional information was collected, the second chapter provides an overview of the key issues associated with pregnancy of RhD negative women. We present background information based on publications from 1997 to 2006 which describe the genetic condition and its prevalence (RhD negativity) in populations, as well as the frequency of cases of sensitisation and HDN (haemolytic disease of the newborn). We also discuss current service provision for RhD negative women in a number of European countries and look at how the NIPD test might be set within current service contexts.
Effect of Measured Energy Restriction and Age Intervals on Growth, Nutrient Digestibility, Carcass Parameters, Bone Characteristics and Stress in Broiler Breeders during the Rearing Period

This study aimed at targeting fixed increases in body weight (100 g/wk) by quantitatively regulating energy allowances (ME) in broiler breeders from 5 to 20 wks of age. Four energy regimes were tested: 1. The energy required for maintenance, activity and growth was calculated for 100 g increases in body weight/wk and a measured quantity of grower diet (160 g protein and 2,600 kcal ME/kg) was offered to the control group (ME-100) to achieve the anticipated weight gain. The energy allowances increased with age from 132 to 294 kcal/d. 2. Additionally, three energy regimes were considered, quantitatively reducing ME by 10% (ME-90) or 20% (ME-80) and increasing by10% (ME-110) over the control group. Each test group had 23 replicates×5 female chicks housed in cages. The influence of energy regimes and age on growth, nutrient digestibility, carcass attributes, bone parameters and stress was evaluated at 4 wk intervals. Quantitative ME restriction by 10% (119-265 kcal/d) produced an average weight gain of 98.1 g/wk, which was closer to the targeted increase of 100 g/wk, whereas the control group attained it nine days earlier. Restriction of energy by 10 or 20% produced better conversion efficiency of feed, energy and protein and apparent digestibility of protein, Ca and P than 10% excess ME. Energy regimes did not influence eviscerated meat yield, but higher energy allowances (ME-110) significantly increased abdominal fat pad and liver weights and decreased giblet weight, percent muscle protein and tibia ash. Relatively higher stress was recorded in ME-restricted groups, as reflected by wider heterophil and lymphocyte ratios and increased bursa weight. Early age (5-12 wk) significantly influenced bone mineralization, conversion efficiency of feed, energy and protein and apparent digestibility of protein, Ca and P, while later ages (13-20 wk) increased eviscerated meat yield, abdominal fat, tibia weight and muscle protein and reduced stress. Energy regime x age interactions were significant and are discussed. In conclusion, the synthetic broiler line used in our study responded positively to controlled energy feeding during the rearing period. Breeders offered 119-265 kcal/d, a reduction of 10% energy over the control group, were more effective in regulating grower performance than the latter. In addition to energy regimes, age intervals also exhibited significant influence on specific parameters during the grower phase. (Key Words : Age, Energy Restriction, Broiler Growers, Performance)
ALIGNMENT OF CULTURAL AGREEMENT PRACTICES IN A BRAZILIAN BASED COMPANY

This paper reports the results of a case study research carried out in the Rio de Janeiro firm ARFCO, based on documentary evidence, interviews and questionnaires with the main objective to analyze the cultural agreement of an organization's subcultures, identifying the values (both extant and desired) perceived by the clusters (for both the leadership and the staff). The theoretical framework for the research is based on the theories on organizational management and change and based on the assumption that the search for clusters of similar perceptions is important for cultural alignment of subcultures. After an overview of the theories, programs and approaches for cultural management and change, the research method and questions of research are formalized so as to guide the case study. Simultaneous recourse was made to both a quantitive Q-methodology for the systematic analysis of subjectivity, that enabled the ideographic evaluation of organizational values, and a qualitative methodology, by means of study of the case. Results of the study indicate that although several elements of management and change capabilities are present, the organizational culture of ARFCO is predominantly defragmented. The existence of cultural fit among the subcultures of the leadership and the staff, with respect to desired values, offers us sufficient insight to suggest that cultural alignment within ARFCO is possible, as long as the current differences of perception can be attenuated.
HIV/AIDS and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

This study investigates the effects of the HIV and AIDS epidemic on economic growth in 42 sub-Saharan African countries using data spanning from 1990-2013. Unlike previous studies, we use a longer data horizon and take the time lag effect of the epidemic’s incubation period that is, after it might have developed to AIDS into consideration in our estimations. We estimated an empirical growth equation within an augmented Solow model and applied the dynamic system GMM estimator. The results suggest that current HIV prevalence rate – associated with rising morbidity, has a negative effect on GDP per capita growth, conversely AIDS – associated with higher mortality in addition to morbidity, increases per capita GDP growth.
The dust properties and physical conditions of the interstellar medium in the LMC massive star-forming complex N11

We combine Spitzer and Herschel data of the star-forming region N11 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) to produce detailed maps of the dust properties in the complex and study their variations with the interstellar-medium conditions. We also compare Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment/Large APEX Bolometer Camera (APEX/LABOCA) 870 μm observations with our model predictions in order to decompose the 870 μm emission into dust and non-dust [free-free emission and CO(3-2) line] contributions. We find that in N11, the 870 μm can be fully accounted for by these three components. The dust surface density map of N11 is combined with H I and CO observations to study local variations in the gas-to-dust mass ratios. Our analysis leads to values lower than those expected from the LMC low-metallicity as well as to a decrease of the gas-to-dust mass ratio with the dust surface density. We explore potential hypotheses that could explain the low `observed' gas-to-dust mass ratios (variations in the XCO factor, presence of CO-dark gas or of optically thick H I or variations in the dust abundance in the dense regions). We finally decompose the local spectral energy distributions (SEDs) using a principal component analysis (I.e. with no a priori assumption on the dust composition in the complex). Our results lead to a promising decomposition of the local SEDs in various dust components (hot, warm, cold) coherent with that expected for the region. Further analysis on a larger sample of galaxies will follow in order to understand how unique this decomposition is or how it evolves from one environment to another.