Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Special Session Summary Effects of Framing on Magnitude Perceptions of Prices

SESSION OVERVIEW: It is widely accepted that the perceived magnitude of price plays an important role in product choice and consumer decisions. A question that is of interest to researchers in pricing is whether the perceived magnitude of the price is the same as the nominal magnitude of the price. In this session, we present and discuss research that addresses this question. The three papers presented in this session address the basic research question: What factors cause consumers’ perceived price magnitude to differ from the nominal magnitude of the price? The first paper by Nunes and Drèze examines the effect of the currencies used to frame the price on consumers’ reactions to that price. More specifically, this paper examines how firms can strategically use prices issued in combinations of currencies (e.g., dollars and miles or points), and how the firm can alter the distribution of these points as well as the reward levels to maximize loyalty and willingness to pay. The second paper by Redden, Williams and Fitzimons examines whether prices are framed as a partitioned price (e.g, base price plus separate charge for shipping and handling) or as one aggregate price (e.g., total price including shipping) affects consumers’ perceptions of the price magnitude. Specifically, this paper focuses on the circumstances and the mediating variables that determine when partitioned prices lead to underestimation of the total product price. This paper suggests that consumers’ expectations with regard to whether the price will be offered as a partitioned price, will moderate the effect of this framing on magnitude perceptions and choice. The third paper by Thomas and Morwitz examines how the left digit in a price exerts an undue effect on consumers’ magnitude perceptions. Specifically, this paper examines whether changing the price of a product by one cent (which in turn changes the left digit of the price) can significantly alter the perceived magnitude of the price. This paper shows that even a one-cent change in price can impact perceived magnitude of the price under certain circumstances.
Global Contagion and the Decoupling Debate

This chapter argues that there are a number of different versions of decoupling hypotheses and that rapid swings in their popularity are due largely to herding in popular mental models and shifts in short-run correlations. It is important to not put too much emphasis on such changes of correlations since these can vary substantially depending on the patterns of shocks. There are substantial differences in the effects of contagion during the current crisis on growth rates of both advanced and emerging economies, including Brazil, Russia, India, and China (the BRICs). Our estimates suggest that while countries like China and India have been able to maintain high growth rates, their short falls from trends have not been greatly smaller than for the United States itself. Thus, their decoupling has not been as great as many popular analyses have suggested.
Induction of a 26‐kDa membrane‐form tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in human alveolar macrophages

The expressions of a membrane form of TNF (m‐TNF) by human alveolar macrophages (AM) and autologous blood monocytes from healthy donors were examined. Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, AM produced 26‐kDa TNF‐α on their cell surface. We designed a bioassay for measuring m‐TNF in which macrophages were fixed with paraformaldehyde after stimulation for 18 h, then m‐TNF activity was assessed as cytotoxicity of fixed macrophages on L929 cells. This assay was specific to m‐TNF because: 1) no soluble factors were contributed to the cytotoxicity of fixed AM, 2) anti‐TNF‐α monoclonal antibody completely neutralized m‐TNF activity, and 3) m‐TNF activity was not altered after low‐ pH or high‐salt treatment. On LPS stimulation, AM produced significant amounts of m‐TNF earlier than TNF‐α secretion. AM also expressed significant amounts of m‐TNF when stimulated with other bacterial components and their derivatives. Interleukin (IL)‐4 suppressed both m‐TNF production and TNF‐α secretion. p‐Toluene‐ sulfonyl‐L‐arginine methyl ester (TAME) inhibited specifically TNF‐α secretion and not m‐TNF expression. Although blood monocytes produced small amounts of m‐ TNF, monocyte‐derived macrophages showed enhanced m‐TNF after cultivation with GM‐CSF for 10 days. These findings indicate that m‐TNF is expressed as a step in the TNF‐α producing system, and suggest that m‐TNF may play important roles in exhibition of macrophage function in situ.
Prehospital intravenous fluid is associated with increased survival in trauma patients

BACKGROUND Delivery of intravenous crystalloid fluids (IVF) remains a tradition-based priority during prehospital resuscitation of trauma patients. Hypotensive and targeted resuscitation algorithms have been shown to improve patient outcomes. We hypothesized that receiving any prehospital IVF is associated with increased survival in trauma patients compared with receiving no prehospital IVF. METHODS Prospective data from 10 Level 1 trauma centers were collected. Patient demographics, prehospital IVF volume, prehospital and emergency department vital signs, lifesaving interventions, laboratory values, outcomes, and complications were collected and analyzed. Patients who did or did not receive prehospital IVF were compared. Tests for nonparametric data were used to assess significant differences between groups (p ⩽ 0.05). Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the independent influence of IVF on outcome and complications. RESULTS The study population consisted of 1,245 trauma patients; 45 were excluded owing to incomplete data; 84% (n = 1,009) received prehospital IVF, and 16% (n = 191) did not. There was no difference between the groups with respect to sex, age, and Injury Severity Score (ISS). The on-scene systolic blood pressure was lower in the IVF group (110 mm Hg vs. 100 mm Hg, p < 0.04) and did not change significantly after IVF, measured at emergency department admission (110 mm Hg vs. 105 mm Hg, p = 0.05). Hematocrit/hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and platelets were lower (p < 0.05), and prothrombin time/international normalized ratio and partial thromboplastin time were higher (p < 0.001) in the IVF group. The IVF group received a median fluid volume of 700 mL (interquartile range, 300–1,300). The Cox regression revealed that prehospital fluid administration was associated with increased survival (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–0.98; p = 0.03). Site differences in ISS and fluid volumes were demonstrated (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Prehospital IVF volumes commonly used by PRospective Observational Multicenter Massive Transfusion Study (PROMMTT) investigators do not result in increased systolic blood pressure but are associated with decreased in-hospital mortality in trauma patients compared with patients who did not receive prehospital IVF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level IV.
Wide-band radar signal sampling and reconstruction based on random filter

Wide-band radar, whose echo signal requires a lot of space for storage with the development of ultra wide band(UWB) technology, if using the conventional Nyquist sampling, however, the theory of compressive sensing (CS) enables the reconstruction of sparse signals from a small set of measurements, whereas the key point is the selection of the measurement matrix and the reconstruction algorithm. A method for radar processing based on CS is proposed in this paper. The measurement matrix is selected by random filter, which effectively reduces the number of non-zero elements in the measurement matrix. The simple Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm is chosen to reconstruct signal with less data storage and lower computational complexity. Finally, simulations are taken on testing the proposed method on LFM signals, and the results are provided to verify the performance of this method.
The control of lens growth: Relationship to secondary cataract

Abstract A lens growth factor was identified that is present in the anterior chamber of the embryonic chicken eye. The mitogen is similar to an embryo‐specific activity found in embryo serum. Several purified growth factors, applied singly or in combination, did not stimulate cell division in embryonic lens cells. The serum mitogen is a protein which does not bind to heparin‐Sepharose. The possibility is presented that the lens epithelium contains two distinct cell types, the proliferating cells of the germinative zone and the mitotically quiescent central epithelial cells. It is proposed that only cells in the germinative zone are capable of responding to normal lens growth factors. It is likely, therefore, that these cells present the greatest risk for secondary cataract formation.
Di-μ-acetato-1:2κ2 O:O′;2:3κ3 O:O,O′-bis(5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)-1κ4 N,3κ4 N-bis(perchlorato-2κ2 O,O′)-2-sodium-1,3-dizinc perchlorate

In the title salt, [NaZn2(CH3COO)2(ClO4)2(C16H36N4)2]ClO4, the macrocyclic ligand binds to the Zn2+ cations through their four amino N atoms; the Zn2+ cations are also each covalently bonded to an acetate ion. For one zinc atom, the acetate group is monodentate, and the geometry is a distorted ZnN4O trigonal bipyramid; for the other, the acetate group is anisobidentate and the geometry is a distorted ZnN4O2 octahedron. The two macrocycle–zinc acetate units are bridged through a diperchloratosodium unit. In the crystal, the complex cations and uncoordinated perchlorate anions are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Persistent bone edema, anterior tibial pain and delay in bone neo-formation associated with Poly-L-lactic acid screws fixation of the anterior cruciate ligament graft

The anterior cruciate ligament has quickly become one of the most reconstructed ligamentous structures in the human body. Graft fixation options have evolved and expanded with time, the market now having numerous possibilities. It can be clearly seen that there is still plenty of debate regarding implant biocompatibility, resorption rates and osteoinductive capabilities. We aim to present a series of cases that presented with a delay in bone neo-formation, secondary bone edema surrounding the interference screw and persistent anterior tibial pain.
Distributed control of large segmented telescopes

In this paper we conduct a preliminary study of controlling the primary mirror of a large segmented telescope. This work is motivated by the need of astronomers to study the development of structure in the Universe. First, we present some background about large segmented telescopes and our collaborative research program on large telescopes. Second, we formulate a model of the primary mirror system in state space. Third, we design a centralized controller using H2 methods for a seven-segment system which establishes the best possible performance characteristics for a laboratory-type of unit that we plan to build. Simulation results are displayed. Finally, we apply spatially-invariant distributed control techniques to an infinite segmented system that approximates a large mirror. Through the H2 norm, we calculate upper bounds for the relative displacements between adjacent segments with either a spatially-invariant infinite controller or a truncated local controller. Simulation results are also presented with a truncated local controller applied to a 19-segment system. In all cases, the results indicate that the required accuracy of 10-8 m can be achieved
EFNS guideline on diagnosis and management of post‐polio syndrome. Report of an EFNS task force

Post‐polio syndrome (PPS) is characterized by new or increased muscular weakness, atrophy, muscle pain and fatigue several years after acute polio. The aim of the article is to prepare diagnostic criteria for PPS, and to evaluate the existing evidence for therapeutic interventions. The Medline, EMBASE and ISI databases were searched. Consensus in the group was reached after discussion by e‐mail. We recommend Halstead's definition of PPS from 1991 as diagnostic criteria. Supervised, aerobic muscular training, both isokinetic and isometric, is a safe and effective way to prevent further decline for patients with moderate weakness (Level B). Muscular training can also improve muscular fatigue, muscle weakness and pain. Training in a warm climate and non‐swimming water exercises are particularly useful (Level B). Respiratory muscle training can improve pulmonary function. Recognition of respiratory impairment and early introduction of non‐invasive ventilatory aids prevent or delay further respiratory decline and the need for invasive respiratory aid (Level C). Group training, regular follow‐up and patient education are useful for the patients’ mental status and well‐being. Weight loss, adjustment and introduction of properly fitted assistive devices should be considered (good practice points). A small number of controlled studies of potential‐specific treatments for PPS have been completed, but no definitive therapeutic effect has been reported for the agents evaluated (pyridostigmine, corticosteroids, amantadine). Future randomized trials should particularly address the treatment of pain, which is commonly reported by PPS patients. There is also a need for studies evaluating the long‐term effects of muscular training.
Platelet neuropeptide Y is critical for ischemic revascularization in mice

We previously reported that the sympathetic neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) is potently angiogenic, primarily through its Y2 receptor, and that endogenous NPY is crucial for capillary angiogenesis in rodent hindlimb ischemia. Here we sought to identify the source of NPY responsible for revascularization and its mechanisms of action. At d 3, NPY–/– mice demonstrated delayed recovery of blood flow and limb function, consistent with impaired collateral conductance, while ischemic capillary angiogenesis was reduced (~70%) at d 14. This biphasic temporal response was confirmed by 2 peaks of NPY activation in rats: a transient early increase in neuronally derived plasma NPY and increase in platelet NPY during late‐phase recovery. Compared to NPY‐null platelets, collagen‐activated NPY‐rich platelets were more mitogenic (~2‐fold vs. ~1.6‐fold increase) for human microvascular endothelial cells, and Y2/Y5 receptor antagonists ablated this difference in proliferation. In NPY+/+ mice, ischemic angiogenesis was prevented by platelet depletion and then restored by transfusion of platelets from NPY+/+ mice, but not NPY–/– mice. In thrombocytopenic NPY–/– mice, transfusion of wild‐type platelets fully restored ischemia‐induced angiogenesis. These findings suggest that neuronally derived NPY accelerates the early response to femoral artery ligation by promoting collateral conductance, while platelet‐derived NPY is critical for sustained capillary angiogenesis. —Tilan, J. U. , Everhart, L. M. , Abe, K. , Kuo‐Bonde, L. , Chalothorn, D. , Kitlinska, J., Burnett, M. S. , Epstein, S. E. , Faber, J. E. , Zukowska, Z. Platelet neuropeptide Y is critical for ischemic revascularization in mice. FASEB J. 27, 2244–2255 (2013). www.fasebj. org
Characterization of the neutrophil molecules identified by quinine‐ dependent antibodies from two patients

BACKGROUND: Two patients with episodic pancytopenia and renal failure associated with quinine (Qn) ingestion were previously found to have Qn‐ dependent antibodies that reacted with red cells, platelets, and neutrophils. The purpose of these studies was to characterize the neutrophil antigens recognized by Qn‐dependent antibodies from these two patients.
A Decomposition-Based Multi-Objective Tabu Search Algorithm for Tri-Objective Unconstrained Binary Quadratic Programming Problem

Unconstrained binary quadratic programming problem (UBQP) is a well-known NP hard problem that consists in maximizing a quadratic 0-1 function. It is considered as a unified model for a variety of combinatorial optimization problems. Recently, a multi-objective extension of UBQP is defined and a set of benchmark instances is proposed. This paper proposes a decomposition-based multi-objective tabu search algorithm for multi-objective UBQP. In order to generate high-quality solutions, a novel weight vector generation method is first proposed to obtain uniform weight vectors. Then, the problem is decomposed into a series of aggregation functions, and tabu search procedure is called to further optimize these functions simultaneously. The proposed algorithm is tested on 25 tri-objective UBQP benchmark instances. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can access better performance than the previous state-of-the-art algorithms for tri-objective UBQP cases.
A Sharp Approximation for ATM-Forward Option Prices and Implied Volatilites

In this paper, we provide an approximation formula for at-the-money forward options based on a Polya approximation of the cumulative density function of the standard normal distribution, and prove that the relative error of this approximation is uniformly bounded for options with arbitrarily large (or small) maturities and implied volatilities. This approximation is viable in practice: for options with implied volatility less than 95% and maturity less than three years, which includes the large majority of traded options, the values given by the approximation formula fall within the tightest typical implied vol bid–ask spreads. The relative errors of the corresponding approximate option values are also uniformly bounded for all maturities and implied volatilities. The error bounds established here are the first results in the literature holding for all integrated volatilities, and are vastly superior to those of two other approximation formulas analyzed in this paper, including the Brenner–Subrahmanyam formula.
Retinoids down-regulate telomerase and telomere length in a pathway distinct from leukemia cell differentiation

Human telomerase, a cellular reverse transcriptase (hTERT), is a nuclear ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex that catalyzes the synthesis and extension of telomeric DNA. This enzyme is specifically activated in most malignant tumors but is usually inactive in normal somatic cells, suggesting that telomerase plays an important role in cellular immortalization and tumorigenesis. Terminal maturation of tumor cells has been associated with the repression of telomerase activity. Using maturation-sensitive and -resistant NB4 cell lines, we analyzed the pattern of telomerase expression during the therapeutic treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) by retinoids. Two pathways leading to the down-regulation of hTERT and telomerase activity were identified. The first pathway results in a rapid down-regulation of telomerase that is associated with retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-dependent maturation of NB4 cells. Furthermore, during NB4 cell maturation, obtained independently of RAR by retinoic X receptor (RXR)-specific agonists (rexinoids), no change in telomerase activity was observed, suggesting that hTERT regulation requires a specific signaling and occurs autonomously. A second pathway of hTERT regulation, identified in the RAR-responsive, maturation-resistant NB4-R1 cell line, results in a down-regulation of telomerase that develops slowly during two weeks of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment. This pathway leads to telomere shortening, growth arrest, and cell death, all events that are overcome by ectopic expression of hTERT. These findings demonstrate a clear and full dissociation between the process of tumor cell maturation and the regulation of hTERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity by retinoids. We propose telomerase expression as an efficient and selective target of retinoids in the therapy of tumors.
A‐ and B‐type cyclins differentially modulate substrate specificity of cyclin‐cdk complexes.

Both cyclins A and B associate with and thereby activate cyclin‐dependent protein kinases (cdks). We have investigated which component in the cyclin‐cdk complex determines its substrate specificity. The A‐ and B‐type cyclin‐cdk complexes phosphorylated histone H1 and their cyclin subunits in an indistinguishable manner, irrespective of the catalytic subunit, p33cdk2 or p34cdc2. In contrast, only the cyclin A‐cdk complexes phosphorylated the Rb‐related p107 protein in vitro. Likewise, binding studies revealed that cyclin A‐cdk complexes bound stably to p107 in vitro, whereas cyclin B‐cdk complexes did not detectably associate with p107, under identical assay conditions. Binding to p107 required both cyclin A and a cdk as neither subunit alone bound to p107. These results demonstrate that although the kinase subunit provides a necessary component for binding, it is the cyclin subunit that plays the critical role in targeting the complex to p107. Finally, we show that the cyclin A‐p33cdk2 complex phosphorylated p107 in vitro at most of its sites that are also phosphorylated in human cells, suggesting that the cyclin A‐p33cdk2 complex is a major kinase for p107 in vivo.
Comparison of upright inspiratory and expiratory chest radiographs for detecting pneumothoraces.

OBJECTIVE Expiratory films are regarded as being superior to inspiratory films for pneumothorax detection, yet this has not been proved. In the current study, we compared inspiratory versus expiratory chest radiographs for pneumothorax detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-five paired inspiratory and expiratory radiographs with pneumothoraces and 93 pairs without pneumothoraces were randomly arranged and reviewed independently by three radiologists. A score of 1-5 was assigned for each hemithorax (5 = definite pneumothorax, 1 = definitely no pneumothorax). Results were compared for inspiration and expiration using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS The average area under the ROC curves for all readers was . 973 for inspiration and . 972 for expiration (nonsignificant). McNemar's test and an alpha level of . 05 also yielded no significant difference in sensitivity and specificity. Four of the 85 cases were scored as definite pneumothorax on inspiration and as definitely not on expiration by all readers, and three of the 85 cases were scored as definite pneumothorax on expiration and as definitely not on inspiration. CONCLUSION Inspiratory and expiratory upright films are equally sensitive for pneumothorax detection. Given the limitations of expiratory films, inspiratory films are recommended as the initial examination of choice for pneumothorax detection.