Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The biosynthesis of periplasmic electron transport proteins in methylotrophic bacteria

Methylotrophic bacteria are characterized by their ability to grow on reduced C, compounds such as methane, methanol or methylamine and on related compounds such as dimethylamine and trimethylamine (Anthony, 1982). When Gram-negative methylotrophs grow on C, compounds a high proportion of their energy metabolism occurs in the periplasm, a feature they share with the chemolithotrophs (Anthony, 1986, 1992). This contrasts with the situation in typical aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria, in which most dehydrogenases (and therefore most energy metabolism) occur in the cytoplasm or cytoplasmic membrane. These dehydrogenases are usually either NAD+-linked or flavoproteins, and are coupled to an electron transport system involving ubiquinone and cytochrome b ; the only periplasmic component is usually a small cytochrome c similar to that found in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. The unusual site of energy metabolism in methylotrophs is reflected in the high concentrations of their periplasmic electron transport proteins ; in Methylobacteritlm extorqzjem, for example, the concentrations of the proteins involved specifically in methanol oxidation are about 0.5 mM (Beardmore-Gray e t al., 1983; Anthony, 1986). Methylotrophs growing on methanol or methylamine therefore provide a valuable system for investigating the biosynthesis of periplasmic proteins. Some of the processes involved are, of course, similar to those necessary for the synthesis of any protein that is not cytoplasmic ; in addition, for electron transport proteins it is necessary to provide their redox active prosthetic groups. The development of methods for studying the genetics of methylotrophs (especially the Metbylobacteritlm species and Paracoccm denitrificans), together with the recent elucidation of the structure of the unusual dehydrogenases involved in oxidation of methanol and methylamine, makes it an appropriate time to review this field.
Floral Morphology and HPTLC Fingerprint Profile of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde (Caesalpiniaceae): A Consecrated Tree of India

Pharmacognosy of the flowers of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde has been carried out to lay down standards for the genuine drug Ashoka with the detailed anatomy of various floral appendages. The aim of the present study is to determine the physico-chemical profile, preliminary phytochemical screening, fluorescence analysis and chemical composition by HPTLC of the medicinally important plant Saraca asoca. These observations would be of immense value in the botanical identification and standardization of the drug in crude form. This study would help distinguish the drug from its other species.
Chap. 1 Introduction

Chemical transformations have played a key role in the history of human kind from prehistorical time until the current era . This can be easily seen through different fields such as development of drugs in medical sciences, f ertilizers in agriculture, improvement of diet due to food chemistry, clothes from textile ndustry, petroleum products in transport, to name a few examples. Quite recently, it has been observed that negative consequences accompanying the development in chemistry are not trivial. For examp le, the depletion of the ozone layer by CFC compounds, problems arising from the use of che micals in the medical field, a wide range of environmental pollution (soil, water, air) and toxicity issues that have emerged from chemical industries and research laboratories. This has led to the development of what is now known as Green Chemistry. Green chemistry is a new philosophy of carrying out chemical reactions that takes into acc ount the whole process not only the formation of the desired product in order to minimi ze the environmental pollution as well as the degradation of human health due to the use o f chemicals. Green chemistry was inspired by the adage that it is better to prevent than to cure. Green chemistry is governed by a number of principles one of them being that th e use of auxiliary materials in a chemical reaction, such as a solvent, should be avo ided wherever possible. This has led to the concept of solventless reactions.
Nutritional Requirements of Aeromonas sp. EBB-1 for Lipase Production

The demand for the production of lipase, a widely used hydrolytic enzyme in biotechnological applications, has led to research on lipase-producing bacteria and culture strategies. In our previous study, we isolated Aeromonas sp. EBB-1 as a novel thermostable-lipase producer from marine sludge in Angsila, Thailand. Given this bacterium's high production of lipase, we now further investigate the effects of different nutritional supplements on its lipase production. Maximum lipase activity (81-fold) was found after cultivating the strain in a medium containing 2.5% (w/v) yeast extract. Separately, adding 0.1% (w/v) glucose, 1.5% (w/v) proline and 0.5% (w/v) gum arabic enhanced lipase production activity nearly 9-, 10- and 6-fold, respectively. In contrast, adding a combination of nutrients in the same medium inhibited lipase production compared to the control. The result with yeast extract is especially promising, yielding high lipase concentrations from Aeromonas sp. EBB-1 in an inexpen- sive and simple medium.
The effect of non-gravitational forces on the median inclination of short-period comets

The numbered Jupiter family comets (orbital periods P < 20 yr) have a median orbital inclination of about 10°0 ± 1°1. In this paper, we integrate the orbits of these comets into the future, under the influence of both typical non-gravitational forces and planetary perturbation, using a Bulirsch-Stoer integrator. In the case where non-gravitational forces were not acting, the median inclination of those comets that remained on P < 20 yr orbits increased at the rate of (1.92 ± 0.12) x 10- 3 deg yr -1 for the first 3600 yr of the integration. During this time the population of the original family decreases, such that the half-life is about 13 200 ± 800 yr. The introduction of non-gravitational forces slows down the rate of increase in inclination to a value of around (1.23 ± 0.16) x 10 -3 deg yr -1 . This rate of increase in inclination was found to be only weakly dependent on the non-gravitational parameters used during the integration. After a few thousand years, the rate of change in inclination decreases, and after 20 000 yr the inclinations of those initial Jupiter family members that still have orbits with P < 20 yr become constant at about 20°. 0, independent of whether non-gravitational forces are acting or not. The presently known Jupiter family of comets is losing members at the rate of one in every 67 yr. To maintain the family in equilibrium, Jupiter has to capture comets at a similar rate, and these captured comets have to be of low inclination to compensate for the pumping up of inclinations by gravitational perturbation.
`Laying Out a Model Village': George Gushue-Taylor and Missionary Leprosy Work in Colonial Taiwan

At a time when colonial governments were reluctant to launch comprehensive anti-leprosy programmes in the first half of the twentieth century, international charity organisations and medical missionary workers were keen on tackling this highly moralised disease. The same applied in colonial Taiwan under Japanese rule. Following the works of Michael Worboys, Sanjiv Kakar and others, the present study looks into the work of charitable and religious organisations through a historical account of the career of the Canadian leprologist Dr George Gushue-Taylor (1883–1954).
Branch xylem density variations across Amazonia

Measurements of branch xylem density, D x , were made for 1466 trees representing 503 species, sampled from 80 sites across the Amazon basin. Measured values ranged from 240 kg m ? 3 for a Brosimum parinarioides from Tapajos in West Para, Brazil to 1130 kg m ? 3 for an Aiouea sp. from Caxiuana, Central Para, Brazil. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in average D x across the sample plots as well as significant differences between families, genera and species. A partitioning of the total variance in the dataset showed that geographic location and plot accounted for 33% of the variation with species identity accounting for an additional 27%; the remaining "residual" 40% of the variance accounted for by tree to tree (within species) variation. Variations in plot means, were, however, hardly accountable at all by differences in species composition. Rather, it would seem that variations of xylem density at plot level must be explained by the effects of soils and/or climate. This conclusion is supported by the observation that the xylem density of the more widely distributed species varied systematically from plot to plot. Thus, as well as having a genetic component branch xylem density is a plastic trait that, for any given species, varies according to where the tree is growing and in a predictable manner. Exceptions to this general rule may be some pioneers belonging to Pourouma and Miconia and some species within the genera Brosimum, Rinorea and Trichillia which seem to be more constrained in terms of this plasticity than most species sampled as part of this study.
Isochrone fitting in the Gaia era

Context. Currently, galactic exploration is being revolutionized by a flow of new data: Gaia provides measurements of stellar distances and kinematics; growing numbers of spectroscopic surveys provide values of stellar atmospheric parameters and abundances of elements; and Kepler and K2 missions provide asteroseismic information for an increasing number of stars. Aims. In this work, we aim to determine stellar distances and ages using Gaia and spectrophotometric data in a consistent way. We estimate precisions of age and distance determinations with Gaia end-of-mission (EoM) and Tycho-Gaia astrometric solution (TGAS) parallax precisions. Methods. To this end, we incorporated parallax and extinction data into the isochrone fitting method used in the Unified tool to estimate Distances, Ages, and Masses (UniDAM). We prepared datasets that allowed us to study the improvement of distance and age estimates with the inclusion of TGAS and Gaia EoM parallax precisions in isochrone fitting. Results. Using TGAS parallaxes in isochrone fitting, we are able to reduce distance and age estimate uncertainties for TGAS stars for distances up to 1 kpc by more than one third compared to results based only on spectrophotometric data. With Gaia EoM parallaxes in isochrone fitting, we will be able to further decrease our distance uncertainties by about a factor of 20 and age uncertainties by a factor of 2 for stars up to 10 kpc away from the Sun. Conclusions. We demonstrate that we will be able to improve our distance estimates for about one third of stars in spectroscopic surveys and to decrease log(age) uncertainties by about a factor of two for over 80% of stars as compared to the uncertainties obtained without parallax priors using Gaia EoM parallaxes consistently with spectrophotometry in isochrone fitting.
Assessing language student interaction and engagement via Twitter

Twitter has over 326 million monthly active users with the number of daily users growing every year since 2016 and is increasingly used by students and academics to interact and build online learning communities. For distance language learners, Twitter offers an open, free, and accessible environment for interaction and engagement which is difficult to replicate in Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) forums. VLE forums have the issue of being module and year specific and are often split into small student groups limiting the opportunity for natural interaction between students. This study aims to build on existing research and assesses the levels of student interaction and engagement via Twitter. The research involved the use of a survey of language students at The Open University (OU), UK, and a virtual ethnographic analysis of tweets related to the term ‘OU languages’. The survey asked OU language students about their use of Twitter in relation to their studies and their thoughts on its advantages. The analysis of public tweets related to the term OU languages showed that a large number of different users tweet about the topic, which leads to enhanced interaction between students themselves and their teachers. A sentiment analysis of the words used in the tweets also showed that the tweets are consistently positive, which can lead to increased motivation for students. Overall, the analysis showed that students value the use of Twitter by teachers to give out information and offer support as well as the support they offer and receive from each other during their studies. 1. The Open University, Milton Keynes, England; o.m. kelly@open.ac. uk; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-6401 How to cite this chapter: Kelly, O. (2019). Assessing language student interaction and engagement via Twitter. In A. Comas-Quinn, A. Beaven & B. Sawhill (Eds), New case studies of openness in and beyond the language classroom (pp. 129-143). Research-publishing.net. https://doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2019. 37.971
Regulatory network of ginsenoside biosynthesis under Ro stress in the hairy roots of Panax ginseng revealed by RNA sequencing

P. ginseng C.A. Meyer is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine that belongs to the Araliaceae family. Major obstacles to the continuous cropping of ginseng have severely restricted the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. The allelopathic effects of triterpenoid saponins play an important role in disorders related to continuous cropping; however, the mechanisms underlying the allelopathic autotoxicity of triterpenoid ginsenosides remain unknown. In this study, we performed mRNA and miRNA sequencing analyses to identify candidate genes and miRNAs that respond differentially to ginsenoside Ro stress in ginseng and their targets. The growth of the ginseng hairy roots was significantly inhibited under Ro stress (0.5 mg/L, Ro-0.5). The inhibition of root growth and injury to root-tip cells promoted the accumulation of the endogenous hormones indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic acid and inhibited the accumulation of abscisic acid and jasmonate acid. The accumulation of ginsenosides, except Rg3, was significantly inhibited under Ro-0.5 stress. An mRNA analysis of the Ro-0.5 and control groups showed that differentially expressed genes were mostly concentrated in the hormone signal transduction pathway. ARF7 and EFM were upregulated, whereas XTH23 and ZOX1 were downregulated. These genes represent important potential candidates for hormone-responsive continuous cropping diseases. In total, 74 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified based on the miRNA sequencing analysis, of which 22 were upregulated and 52 were downregulated. The target genes of ptc-miR156k_L + 1, mtr-miR156b-5p, gma-miR156a_R + 1, and mtr-miR156e all belonged to TRINITY_DN14567_c0_g4, which is a gene in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. These four miRNAs were all negatively correlated with mRNA, indicating their likely involvement in the response of ginseng to continuous cropping disorders and the regulation of ginsenoside synthesis. Our findings provide useful insights for removing the barriers to continuous ginseng cropping and have important implications in the genetic engineering of plant stress responses.
MBE growth and optimization of the InGaAs/InAlAs materials system for quantum cascade laser

High material quality is the foundation for the excellent performance of quantum cascade lasers. This paper investigates the growth conditions for InGaAs/InAlAs/InP superlattices combined solid-source molecular beam epitaxy with metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Based on the optimization of growth conditions of InGaAs buffer epilayers, the effects of the growth temperature, interruption time, and V/III flux ratio on the quality of InGaAs/InAlAs/InP superlattices were systematically investigated. High-resolution x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy prove that this optimized InP-based superlattice has excellent periodicity and sharp interfaces.
Paradoxical attenuation of neuroinflammatory response upon LPS challenge in miR-146b deficient mice

The miR-146 family consists of two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-146a and miR-146b (miR-146a/b), both of which are known to suppress immune responses in a variety of conditions. Here, we studied how constitutive deficiency of miR-146b (Mir146b-/-) affects lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in mice. Our experiments demonstrated that miR-146b deficiency results in the attenuation of LPS-induced neuroinflammation, as it was evidenced by the reduction of sickness behavior, a decrease in the inflammatory status of microglia, and the loss of morphological signs of microglial activation in the hippocampus. Gene expression analysis revealed that LPS-induced upregulation of hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines is attenuated in Mir146b-/- mice, compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, reduced expression of the NF-κB nuclear protein p65, reduced miR-146 family target TLR4 expression and relatively stronger upregulation of miR-146a was found in Mir146b-/- mice as compared to WT mice upon LPS challenge. Compensatory upregulation of miR-146a can explain the attenuation of the LPS-induced neuroinflammation. This was supported by experiments conducted with miR-146a/b deficient mice (Mir146a/b-/-), which demonstrated that additional deletion of the miR-146a led to the restoration of LPS-induced sickness behavior and proinflammatory cytokines. Our experiments also showed that the observed upregulation of miR-146a in Mir146b-/- mice is due to the overexpression of a miR-146a transcription inducer, interferon regulatory factor 7 (Irf7). Altogether, our results show the existence of crosstalk between miR-146a and mir-146b in the regulation of LPS-induced neuroinflammation.
Role of Process Models in Safety Management

Role of Process Models in Safety Management Management is a type of human activity that establishes and ensures the system functions. The process models and project models are currently used for management support. Main aim of the process model is to describe the possible development tendencies as a consequence of certain phenomenon and to define functions and role of functions. The process models enable to compile procedures and scenarios for the situations that have similar features. They are suitable for planning, response and renovation. In this paper, we present the risk management model used at present in professional practice, two simple models from daily practice and the evaluation of process models for crisis management.
THE ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL POTENTIALS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (RES) IN KRASNODAR REGION ADAPTATION OF A GERMAN PLANNING APPROACH USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

Renewable energy is one of the key instruments in achieving international climate-protection targets and in developing sustainable energy strategies for a low-carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduced power production. Having an enormous potential for the development of RES, Russia can essentially contribute to the climate change mitigation by including an effective use of renewables in its national energy policy and strategies.
Free-swimming behaviour of Acartia clausi (Copepoda: Calanoida) under turbulent water movement

The free-swimming behaviour of Acartia clausi under controlled food and turbulence conditions has been studied in the laboratory. Three experimental conditions were tested: Calm (no turbulence), Low Turbulence (E: horizontal: 1.1 mm2 S? ; vertical: 0.7 mm2 s ~ ) , and High Turbulence (E: horizontal: 4.9 mm2 S-'; vertical: 5.4 mm2 s ~ ) . Feeding activity, as estimated by the frequency of feeding bouts, increased in turbulent water motion by a factor of 2.7. Turbulence also induced an increase in the frequency of and velocity displayed in jumping behaviour (by 1.7 times for frequency of bouts, by about 1.9 for jump velocity). These results confirm previous theoretical and experimental hypotheses about the importance of small-scale turbulence on zooplankton activity and dynamics.
Antibacterial Silver Nanoparticles produced by Nd:YAG Laser

Q-switched Nd-YAG laser of wavelengths (1060, 532 and 322 nm) with energy in the range 200 to 1000 mJ and 1 Hz repetition rate was employed to synthesis silver nanoparticles using pulse laser ablation in liquid. Effect of laser wavelength has been studied for the fundamental, second and third harmonic generation. The experimental UV-Vis absorbance data were fitted with theoretical Mie-Gans model. It is found that the smaller silver nanoparticle of 12 nm capable to terminate both Staphylococcus and Streptococcus bacteria.
HERSCHEL/HIFI OBSERVATIONS OF A NEW INTERSTELLAR WATER MASER: THE 532–441 TRANSITION AT 620.701 GHz

Using the Herschel Space Observatory's Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared, we have performed mapping observations of the 620.701 GHz 532–441 transition of ortho-H2O within a ∼1. ′5 × 1. ′5 region encompassing the Kleinmann–Low nebula in Orion (Orion-KL), and pointed observations of that transition toward the Orion South condensation and the W49N region of high-mass star formation. Using the Effelsberg 100 m radio telescope, we obtained ancillary observations of the 22.23508 GHz 616–523 water maser transition; in the case of Orion-KL, the 621 GHz and 22 GHz observations were carried out within 10 days of each other. The 621 GHz water line emission shows clear evidence for strong maser amplification in all three sources, exhibiting narrow (∼1 km s−1 FWHM) emission features that are coincident (kinematically and/or spatially) with observed 22 GHz features. Moreover, in the case of W49N—for which observations were available at three epochs spanning a 2 yr period—the spectra exhibited variability. The observed 621 GHz/22 GHz line ratios are consistent with a maser pumping model in which the population inversions arise from the combined effects of collisional excitation and spontaneous radiative decay, and the inferred physical conditions can plausibly arise in gas heated by either dissociative or non-dissociative shocks. The collisional excitation model also predicts that the 22 GHz population inversion will be quenched at higher densities than that of the 621 GHz transition, providing a natural explanation for the observational fact that 22 GHz maser emission appears to be a necessary but insufficient condition for 621 GHz maser emission.
Discretization analysis of bifurcation based nonlinear amplifiers

Abstract. Recently, for modeling biological amplification processes, nonlinear amplifiers based on the supercritical Andronov–Hopf bifurcation have been widely analyzed analytically. For technical realizations, digital systems have become the most relevant systems in signal processing applications. The underlying continuous-time systems are transferred to the discrete-time domain using numerical integration methods. Within this contribution, effects on the qualitative behavior of the Andronov–Hopf bifurcation based systems concerning numerical integration methods are analyzed. It is shown exemplarily that explicit Runge–Kutta methods transform the truncated normalform equation of the Andronov–Hopf bifurcation into the normalform equation of the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. Dependent on the order of the integration method, higher order terms are added during this transformation. A rescaled normalform equation of the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation is introduced that allows a parametric design of a discrete-time system which corresponds to the rescaled Andronov–Hopf system. This system approximates the characteristics of the rescaled Hopf-type amplifier for a large range of parameters. The natural frequency and the peak amplitude are preserved for every set of parameters. The Neimark–Sacker bifurcation based systems avoid large computational effort that would be caused by applying higher order integration methods to the continuous-time normalform equations.