Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Screening Tool for osteoporosis in American men.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool (OST) can predict central bone mineral density in men, as defined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). PATIENTS AND METHODS We applied the OST index to men in pulmonary (evaluated January-May 2001) and rheumatology (evaluated November 2001-March 2002) clinics at a veterans hospital. The calculated OST risk index is based on weight and age. RESULTS In 181 men, we arbitrarily defined osteoporosis as a DXA T score of -25 or less in the spine, total hip, or femoral neck. The mean age and weight of the men were 64.3 years and 91.2 kg; 15.6% had osteoporosis by DXA. The OST index ranged from -5 to 19, from which we categorized risk as follows: low, 4 or greater; moderate,-1 to 3; and high, -2 or less. Only 2.0% of men with a low-risk OST index had osteoporosis, whereas 27.0% with a moderate risk and 72.7% with a high risk had osteoporosis. Using an OST cutoff score of 3, we predicted osteoporosis with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 66%. When patients were studied by age in decades, race, or current glucocorticoid use, the predictive value of the OST was maintained. CONCLUSION The OST is an easy method to predict osteoporosis by DXA.
Scope of Western Surgical Techniques to Correct Cleft Lip and Palate Prior to the 18th Century

Objectives To present the state of knowledge and surgical practice concerning cleft lip and palate leading to the modern era. Design Bibliographical review. Setting Analysis of the scientific medical, surgical, and odontological literature from the 16th to 18th centuries. Results Texts and art confirm the existence of cleft lip and palate from antiquity in all cultures; however, the first certain references in Western scientific literature did not appear until the works of Celsus (ca. 25 BC to AD 50) and Galen (AD 129 to 200). Indications for cleft lip surgery appear in the Middle Ages with Albucasis (936 to 1013) and Yperman (1260 to 1332). From the Renaissance period onward, and with the invention of the printing press, numerous authors described their own surgical methods. Conclusions Given the limitations imposed by pain and infection, the authors of the Modern Age focus on correcting the functional and esthetic defect of the lip with techniques that do not differ greatly from those described in the Middle Ages. The treatment for cleft palate was limited to the creation of “obturators” and surgery for cleft palate was not possible until the 19th century.
A novel technique for mobile phone localization for search and rescue applications

Recent statistics show an increase in environmental disasters, a fact which is also perceivable to the public as reports of avalanches, earthquakes and landslides mount in media coverage. Search and Rescue with modern localization techniques consequently attracts attention from scientific and industrial sides. This paper introduces one part of the I-LOV project, endorsed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research Germany. Here partners from relief organizations, universities and industry investigate enhancements to disaster handling and victim rescue. One possible option is to take advantage of the fact, that a lot of people own a mobile phone today. Future developments in the area of mobile phone detection by field intensity measurements will be addressed in this paper.
Heritability of HR and BP response to exercise training in the HERITAGE Family Study.

PURPOSE The heritability of the response to exercise training in resting blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) was assessed in 482 Caucasian individuals comprising 98 families participating in the HERITAGE Family Study. METHODS All individuals were sedentary at the baseline visit (time 1 measurement). After completing a 20-wk exercise-training program, subjects were measured again (time 2). A familial correlation model was used to assess the heritability (genetic plus familial environmental) of the response in resting systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and HR, computed as the difference between the two measurement times. This response was adjusted for the effects of baseline levels and age within sex and generation groups. Analyses were conducted separately in a subsample of families in which at least one family member was considered to have elevated BP (95th percentile; SBP > or = 135 or DBP > or = 80). RESULTS Several novel findings emerged from this study. First, the SBP and HR response may be influenced by genetic factors. The maximal heritabilities were 20% (SBP) and 36% (HR) in the elevated BP, 18% and 24% in the complete, and not significant in the normotensive samples. For DBP, there were cohort effects (significant sibling and spouse but not parent-offspring correlations) in the complete and normotensive samples that may be due to generation-specific environmental influences. CONCLUSION The trainability of SBP and HR in families with elevated BP appears to be determined in part by genetic factors, whereas DBP trainability may be more a function of environmental effects.
Fuzzy Logic Applied to Improvement of Image Resolution using Gaussian Membership Functions

The resolution in images is a perceptible detail measure. If the resolution increases, perception of fine details, edges, clearness of the objects and image quality increases too. Video surveillance cameras usually have a standard resolution for video surveillance applications, commonly in VGA resolution (640 x 480 pixels). This video image in most of the cases does not provide enough information to identify a person or an object, the cameras with low resolution deliver poor data information and poor information in detailed images to maximize its size. If an area needs more resolution, it is necessary an algorithm that achieve this without the loss of inherent characteristics. We selected the fuzzy logic theory to solve these problems. This technique is used to improve image resolution. It helps in processes where ambiguity and vagueness in the data interpolation are present, this is due to the non-linearity of image information (edges, fine details, textures, etc.). The proposed Gaussian membership functions have non-linear characteristics, so they obtain good results in interpolation process.
Robust Training Sequence Design for Spatially Correlated MIMO Channel Estimation Using Affine Precoder

A robust superimposed training sequence design is proposed for spatially correlated MIMO channel estimation. The proposed scheme does not require accurate knowledge about the spatial correlation matrix and it is shown to outperform robust correlated MIMO channel estimators such as relaxed MMSE (RMMSE) and least-squares-RMMSE (LSRMMSE). Since the training sequence is overlaid into the data stream, spectral efficiency of the system is higher than those that use time-multiplex pilots. A solution for the sequence can be obtained easily by using an iterative algorithm which is guaranteed to converge as long as the training sequence matrix is initialized to have full rank.
Research on Earthquake-remnant Tourism Exploitation

Whether the disaster ruins is suitalbe for tourism development and how to develop tourism,has been a controversial topic after the 5·12 earthquakes.Although,the conception of dark tourism has been early proposed overseas,but the theory and practice has been little really studied domestically.This article analyzes the feasibility of disaster ruins traveling development theoretically,and discusses the necessity of ruins tourist resources development,the matters needing attention,the development patter unified with the Wenchuan Big Earthquake,hoping to be helpful to the development of disaster ruins and the resumes of Sichuan tourism industry.
Investigation of the Laminate Structure of Lumbar Disc Anulus Fibrosus

The structure of the lumbar disc anulus fibrosus was investigated using a layer-by-layer peeling technique and microscopic examination of various cut surfaces. Anulus specimens from spines of two different age groups and from two levels, L2–3 and L4–5, were examined. The vertebra-disc-vertebra units were subjected to intentional controlled dehydration to enhance the visual contrast between the white opaque fiber bundles and the translucent ground substance. The variations of the anulus structure with circumferential and radial locations were studied. The following principal structural features were quantified: 1) the anulus, excluding the transition zone, consists of 15 to 25 distinct layers, depending on the circumferential location, the spine level, and the specimen age; 2) in any 20° circumferential sector, nearly half of the layers terminate or originate, thereby causing local laminate irregularities; 3) there are two identifiable mechanisms of layer interruption at these irregularities; 4) the thickness of individual layers varies both circumferentially and radially and increases markedly with age; and 5) the number of fiber bundles over the total height of the disc varies from 20 to 62, with an average interbundle spacing of 0.22 mm.
Γ-Z-Source Inverters

Voltage-type Γ-Z-source inverters are proposed in this letter. They use a unique Γ-shaped impedance network for boosting their output voltage in addition to their usual voltage-buck behavior. Comparing them with other topologies, the proposed inverters use lesser components and a coupled transformer for producing the high-gain and modulation ratio simultaneously. The obtained gain can be tuned by varying the turns ratio <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\gamma _{\Gamma Z} $</tex></formula> of the transformer within the narrow range of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$1 < \gamma _{\Gamma Z} \le 2$</tex></formula>. This leads to lesser winding turns at high gain, as compared to other related topologies. Experimental testing has already proven the validity of the proposed inverters.
Detection of Low Molecular Size Lipopolysaccharide Contaminated in Dialysates used for Hemodialysis Therapy with Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis in the Presence of Sodium Deoxycholate

Dialysis membranes are generally considered to be impermeable for bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) contaminated in dialysates used for hemodialysis therapy, since LPS molecular size in aqueous media has been reported to be more than 106. However, there are few reports concerning its size in dialysates. We have already presented a newly developed polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium deoxycholate (DOC-PAGE) which proves the LPS size. Using this method, therefore, we attempted to clarify the size of LPS in dialysates. We demonstrated that LPS in dialysates had roughly two different molecular sizes with DOC-PAGE and that compared to migration profiles of Salmonella LPS as controls on DOC-PAGE, one molecular size of LPS was approximately 4,000 and the other in tens of thousands. This investigation indicates the possibility of LPS transfer across dialysis membranes.
Covert Visuospatial Attention Orienting in a Brain-Computer Interface for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients

Background. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow people to control devices by translating brain signals into commands. BCIs represent a concrete solution with regard to communication and motor control disabilities of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Most of the BCIs rely on visual interfaces in which patients must move their eyes to achieve efficient BCI control. This fact represents a limitation of BCI use in ALS patients who are in the final stages of the disease. Objective. We aimed to improve visual interfaces for ALS patients to control the movement of a cursor on a monitor by orienting their covert visuospatial attention (ie, orienting without eye movements). Methods. A total of 10 ALS patients with different levels of impairment used 2 new visual interfaces in an event-related potential (ERP)–based BCI. In the first interface, they were required to use exogenous visuospatial attention orienting (VAO), whereas in the second interface, they were required to use endogenous VAO. Results. ALS patients were able to use the 2 interfaces for controlling the ERP-based BCI system in real time. Nevertheless, better target classification and information transfer rate were associated with the interface that was based on endogenous VAO. Conclusions. ALS patients can exploit their covert VAO to control a BCI that does not require eye movements. The implementation of endogenous VAO in the design of covert visuospatial attention-based interfaces seems to be suitable for designing more ergonomic and efficient BCIs for ALS patients with impaired eye movements.
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin as a monotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese patients with inadequate glycaemic control: a phase II multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

Dapagliflozin is a selective sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor under development as a treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study assessed the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin monotherapy in Japanese T2DM patients with inadequate glycaemic control.
Health‐related quality of life in children with sickle cell disease: A report from the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers Clinical Trial Consortium

Pediatric health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaires have been validated in children with sickle cell disease (SCD), but small sample sizes in these studies have limited clinical comparisons. We used the baseline clinical data from the Collaborative Data (C‐Data) Project of the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers (CSCC) Clinical Trial Consortium to perform a detailed, descriptive study of HRQOL using the PedsQL™ version 4.0 generic core and fatigue scales.
Natural Variation of Drug Susceptibility in Wild-Type Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

ABSTRACT Wild-type viruses from the ViroLogic phenotype-genotype database were evaluated to determine the upper confidence limit of the drug susceptibility distributions, or “biological cutoffs,” for the PhenoSense HIV phenotypic drug susceptibility assay. Definition of the natural variation in drug susceptibility in wild-type human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 isolates is necessary to determine the prevalence of innate drug resistance and to assess the capability of the PhenoSense assay to reliably measure subtle reductions in drug susceptibility. The biological cutoffs for each drug, defined by the 99th percentile of the fold change in the 50% inhibitory concentration distributions or the mean fold change plus 2 standard deviations, were lower than those previously reported for other phenotypic assays and lower than the clinically relevant cutoffs previously defined for the PhenoSense assay. The 99th percentile fold change values ranged from 1.2 (tenofovir) to 1.8 (zidovudine) for nucleoside reverse transcriptase RT inhibitors (RTIs), from 3.0 (efavirenz) to 6.2 (delavirdine) for nonnucleoside RTIs, and from 1.6 (lopinavir) to 3.6 (nelfinavir) for protease inhibitors. To evaluate the potential role of intrinsic assay variability in the observed variations in the drug susceptibilities of wild-type isolates, 10 reference viruses with different drug susceptibility patterns were tested 8 to 30 times each. The median coefficients of variation in fold change for the reference viruses ranged from 12 to 18% for all drugs except zidovudine (32%), strongly suggesting that the observed differences in wild-type virus susceptibility to the different drugs is related to intrinsic virus variability rather than assay variability. The low biological cutoffs and assay variability suggest that the PhenoSense HIV assay may assist in defining clinically relevant susceptibility cutoffs for resistance to antiretroviral drugs.
A Qualitative Investigation of the Decision to Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: Primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is known to have excellent outcomes, but many patients do not return to their preinjury level of sport participation. Previous studies have used subjective outcome scores to evaluate this discrepancy, but none to date has used qualitative, in-depth patient interviews. Purpose: To understand the factors influencing a patient’s decision to return to his or her preinjury level of sport after ACL reconstruction. Hypothesis: Extrinsic and intrinsic factors may affect one’s decision to return to sport after primary ACL reconstruction despite good functional knee scores. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: An experienced interviewer conducted qualitative, semistructured interviews of 31 patients, aged 18 to 40 years, who had undergone primary ACL reconstruction surgery. All participated in sport before injury and had a minimum 2-year follow-up with no further surgeries or knee injuries. Qualitative analysis was then performed to derive codes, categories, and themes. An assessment of preinjury and current sport participation by type, level of competition, and Marx activity score, along with patient-reported knee function, was also conducted. Results: Patient interviews revealed 3 overarching themes: fear, lifestyle changes, and innate personality traits. Elements of these factors were shown to largely influence the decision to return to the preinjury sport both in those patients who had returned and those who had not returned to sport. Less common factors included the surgeon’s advice not to return, depressed mood, and persistent knee pain. Conclusion: Patients who did not return to their preinjury level of sport after primary ACL reconstruction despite having good knee function were largely influenced by fear, shifts in priority, and individual personalities. This study highlights the importance for treating physicians to recognize and address psychological factors and lifestyle changes that largely contribute to a patient’s postoperative decision to return to sport. Results from this study will allow surgeons and health care professionals to educate patients contemplating surgery and to better understand the recovery process not only from sport-related surgeries but other surgical interventions with the goal of returning to activity.
T1rho relaxation quantification using spiral imaging: a preliminary study

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of articular cartilage degeneration. Early detection of changes in cartilage would be essential for preventing the progression of disease and for monitoring therapy in OA. The T/sub 1/spl rho// relaxation parameter describes the spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame and has been considered as a promising tool to detect the loss of proteoglycan (PG), which is an early precursor of OA. The goal of this study was to develop a T/sub 1/spl rho//-weighted imaging method based on spiral imaging and to examine the feasibility of applying it to in vivo cartilage imaging. T/sub 1/spl rho//-weighted imaging with a pre-encoded spin-lock pulse cluster followed by a spiral acquisition sequence was implemented on GE 1.5 T scanners. tip maps were generated by a pixel-by-pixel fit of the T/sub 1/spl rho//-weighted data to an exponential decay. Homogeneous agarose phantoms and the patella cartilage of one healthy volunteer were imaged using the developed techniques. T/sub 1/spl rho// in agarose phantoms decreased as agarose concentration increased. No significant tip dispersion was seen within spin-lock frequencies ranging from 150 Hz to 1000 Hz in agarose phantoms. T/sub 1/spl rho//-weighted images of the healthy volunteer showed good contrast between cartilage and surrounding tissues. The fitted T/sub 1/spl rho// value of patella cartilage was within the range of 30-100 ms.
Automatic Identification of Log-curve Formation Based on Wavelet-SVM

Summary An arithmetic based on wavelet transform and process SVM ( Support Vector Machine ) for automatically identifying logcurve formation is proposed. Wavelet transform can transform any log-curve to space vector which the experiment system requires, then use the theory of process SVM automatically to identify log-curve. The results of experiment indicate this arithmetic has good identification ability and strong generalization ability on occasion that the number of training swatch is limited. 1. Preface Now, water injection to stratum is the popular method to produce oil in more and more oil fields. Water-flooded zone identification of oil field is an important problem during development’s middle-late period, and it is bursting to solve. Water-flooded zone identification mostly depends on log-curves which reflect physical and chemic character of stratum. It is a difficult problem of oil field geological analysis that how to carry out automatically identifying by using the information. The workload of manual identification is huge, and speed is so slow that it doesn’t satisfy practical demand. The topmost identifying accuracy is between 70% and 80% because many conditions of subterranean affect Water-flooded zone identification . During oil field geological analysis, we often use the method of making cored well for knowing Waterflooded zone condition better, geological analysis according such as character of subterranean rock-core which is from cored well. But it’s very expensive of making cored well，so the number of cored well’s data are limited. Our task is how to reflect geometrical peculiarity of actual curve by the received data which are from limited log-curve information, and then obtain the correct rules and make use of it for the future analysis of geology. There are a lot of log-curve identifying methods [1] and we can use many transforms for getting features of these curves [2][3] . This article uses wavelet transform to dispose primal data, it can reduce the calculational complexity and reflect geometrical peculiarity of primal data better in some aspects, for example: wave crest and inflexion. In the reference [4], a model based on process neural network was proposed. The structure of process neural network is similar to traditional MP model, it contains three parts: adding weight、polymerization and prompting operation constitutes. It is different from traditional nerve cell. The differences lie in that weights and inputs can be changed with the time in processing nerve cell and its polymerization operation includeing polymerizing many special inputs and accumulating time process. A generic study algorithm based on grads descending was proposed in the reference [5] which presents a training problem of process neural network for us. A model based on wavelet transform and process SVM [6][7] (Wavelet-SVM) for automatically identifying log-curve stratum is proposed, it’s a improvement on traditional method. Test results indicate this arithmetic has higher indentifying ability and generalization ability is fine on occasion that there are limited training data.
Development of China' s Urbanization under New Industrial ization

It is influencing and promoting each other between new industrializatio n and urbanization.The new in-dustrialization has brought about n ew opportunity to China' s urbanization development,has put forward new re-quirement,and has offered importan t motive force too.Under new industr ialized condition,China must accelerate urbanization process,change the backward situation of urbanization;t ake developing plans in various of wa ys,form rational urban system;keep informe d of the development trend in urban in ternationalization,advance the extensive application of information technology in urban areas.Only in this way could we make China urbanization up to a new level so as to sendes important su pport to the new industrialization o f China.