Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychophysiological stress reactions, trapezius muscle activity, and neck and shoulder pain among female cashiers before and after introduction of job rotation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the introduction of a job rotation model on supermarket cashiers, with respect to psychophysiological stress reactions, muscle activity of the trapezius muscle (which covers the upper back, the neck and the shoulder), and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and shoulders. Thirty-one female cashiers were investigated before and after job rotation was introduced. Before the reorganization the participants were only performing cash register work at the checkout counters. After the reorganization they shifted between cash register work and work in different departments in the supermarket. At follow-up the participants, all right-handed, had a significantly lower diastolic blood pressure, and surface electromyography (EMG) showed a significantly decreased muscle activity in the trapezius muscle on the left side. Musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck and shoulders were only partly changed, and there was no change in prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, which was around 70%. From questionnaires, but not from self-ratings during work, it was found that the introduction of job rotation had been experienced as positive in several regards, although the perceptions of stress and hurry were the same at follow-up.
Osteoarthritis as an outcome of paediatric sport: an epidemiological perspective

Recent data suggest that the risk of paediatric sport injury is high and constitutes a significant public health burden. A concern regarding long-term consequences of youth sports injury is the risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA) at a young age. Based on the available evidence, a link between youth sports injuries, particularly acute injury of the knee and ankle, and OA, is likely. Early OA development and intense participation in high-impact, high-stress elite sports at an early age also may be associated, but follow-up of elite athletes into the early adult years is needed to examine this relationship. Given that some antecedents of early adult-onset OA may be traced to child and adolescent sports injury and related surgery, and perhaps intense training regimens, it follows that efforts to prevent sports-related joint injury should begin during the childhood years. Based on the results of recent research evidence, programmes addressing prevention of youth sports injuries may provide the rewarding results of OA prevention.
The problem with ultra-endurance athletes

Ultra-endurance competitions are defined as events that exceed 6 h.1 These long and gruelling athletic endeavours to most of us are of herculean proportions. For example, ultra-distance running is defined as an activity covering distances greater than a marathon. These include events of 50 km to 100 miles and beyond. Last year in the USA, it was estimated that 10 000 individuals competed in ultra-distance events.2 So what is the problem with ultra-endurance athletes? The problem is that we, as healthcare providers, do not understand these athletes and they do not understand us. Frequently they come to our office seeking care and advice for an injury that occurred at mile 87 of a 100-mile event, our answer is “Do not do that again”. In doing so we fail to recognise that, specifically for ultra-endurance athletes, the mental fortitude and commitment to their sports is immense and that these athletes …
ORAL-DENTAL HEALTH PROTOCOLS IN PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNITS Çocuk Yoğun Bakim Ünitelerinde Ağiz-Diş Sağliği Protokolleri

Cocuk yogun bakim uniteleri her yil binlerce cocugun cesitli sebeplerden dolayi bakildigi yerlerdir. Kritik durumdaki cocuklarin genel durumlarinin duzelmesi icin bakimlarinin iyi bir sekilde yapilmasi ve cocuklarin hastane enfeksiyonlarindan korunmasi gerekmektedir. En cok gorulen hastane enfeksiyonlardan birinin Ventilatorle Iliskili Pnomoni (VIP) oldugu belirtilmektedir. VIP insidansinin iyi bir oral bakim ile azaltilabildigi pek cok calisma ile gosterilmistir. Oral bakim; dis fircalamayi, agzi nemlendirmeyi, gargara kullanimini ve hastanin ihtiyacina gore gunluk oral degerlendirmeyi icermesine ragmen hemsirelerin cogu dis fircasi yerine kopuk cubuklari ve gaz tamponu tercih etmektedir. Bunun yani sira bu uygulamalarin sikligi da tartisma konusudur. Yapilan arastirmalar genellikle yetiskin yogun bakimlari ile ilgili olup cok azi cocuk yogun bakimi ile ilgilidir. Bu nedenle cocuk hastalarin agiz-dis sagligi protokolleri hakkinda yeni calismalara ihtiyac duyulmaktadir.
A to Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance—Part 32

The letter P brings together two of the most talked about supplement families: proteins, which have been perennially popular since the time of the ancient Olympians and prohormones, which will be dealt with in a later issue. Both supplement families include products which range from simple and relatively inexpensive, to exotic, expensive and emotively marketed. Part 32 also includes information on proline, a non-essential amino acid which is marketed for growth and repair of soft tissue based on its importance in the make-up of collagen. ### S M Phillips L Breen Skeletal muscle protein turnover rates are ∼1%–2%/d and exist in dynamic, usually balanced, equilibrium between muscle protein breakdown (MPB) and muscle protein synthesis (MPS). For example, in the fasted state, MPB>MPS, whereas in response to ingestion of protein-containing meals, MPS>MPB.1 Thus, in healthy adults, muscle mass remains relatively stable due to ‘fed-gain’ being balanced by fasted-loss, so daily protein flux, while it may be 3–4 times greater than net intake and loss, is in tight balance. Fasted-state protein losses are typically about 40–60 g/d for a sedentary person weighing 70–90 kg and it is debatable what the losses would be in athletes, be they aerobically or resistance trained. Dietary protein for athletic populations can serve as signal and substrate for MPS, resulting in protein accretion for hypertrophy, repair of damaged proteins or assisting the maintenance of lean mass. There are important messages for athletes, who differ from sedentary individuals, in terms of quantity, timing and quality of protein intake in relation to an athlete's training stimulus. The molecular changes underpinning these adaptations are gene transcription and mRNA translational signalling and are highlighted in a review.2 The general consensus is that adults need no more than 0.8–0.9 g/kg/d of protein to meet their needs. However, the notion of consumption of ‘extra’ protein above these …
Responsiveness of the VISA-P scale for patellar tendinopathy in athletes

Background Patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly used in sports medicine to assess results after treatment, but interpretability of change for many instruments remains unclear. Objective To define the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment scale (VISA-P) in athletes with patellar tendinopathy (PT) who underwent conservative treatment. Methods Ninety-eight athletes with PT were enrolled in the study. Each participant completed the VISA-P at admission, after 1 week, and at the final visit. Athletes also assessed their clinical change at discharge on a 15-point Likert scale. We equated important change with a score of ≥3 (somewhat better). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and mean change score were used to determine MCID. Minimal detectable change was calculated. The effect of baseline scores on MCID and different criteria used to define important change were investigated. A Bayesian analysis was used to establish the posterior probability of reporting clinical changes related to MCID value. Results Athletes with PT who showed an absolute change greater than 13 points in the VISA-P score or 15.4–27% of relative change achieved a minimal important change in their clinical status. This value depended on baseline scores. The probability of a clinical change in a patient was 98% when this threshold was achieved and 45% when MCID was not achieved. Conclusions Definition of the MCID will enhance the interpretability of changes in the VISA-P score in the athletes with PT, but caution is required when these values are used.
The treatment of parathyroid tetany with dihydrotachysterol.

Parathyroid tetany is an infrequent but serious occurrence following operations on the thyroid gland. Although modern surgery has reduced its incidence in large clinics to figures ranging from 1.5 to 0.5 per cent, 1 the actual number of cases has become larger because of the increasing frequency of operations on the thyroid and parathyroid glands. From one institution as many as eighty-eight cases were reported during a six year period. 2 Although the symptoms in many cases are temporary, chronic tetany develops in a number of patients because of removal of or permanent injury to the parathyroid glands or to their blood supply. Too little attention has been paid to the chronic and latent cases and therapeutic efforts have been directed chiefly toward the relief of the more dramatic acute symptoms. A review of the measures used to alleviate chronic tetany reveals their inadequacy. The intravenous use of calcium salts
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome: defining the clinical syndrome

Background Effective treatment of hip pain improves population health and quality of life. Accurate differential diagnosis is fundamental to effective treatment. The diagnostic criteria for one common hip problem, greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) have not been well defined. Purpose To define the clinical presentation of GTPS. Methods Forty-one people with GTPS, 20 with hip osteoarthritis (OA), and 23 age-matched and sex-matched asymptomatic participants (ASC) were recruited. Inclusion and exclusion criteria ensured mutually exclusive groups. Assessment: the Harris hip score (HHS), a battery of clinical tests, and single leg stance (SLS). Participants identified the site of reproduced pain. Analysis: Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) informed recursive partitioning to develop two classification trees. Results Maximum walking distance and the ability to manipulate shoes and socks were the only HHS domains to differentiate GTPS from OA (ANOVA: p=0.010 and <0.001); OR (95% CI) of 3.47 (1.09 to 10.93) and 0.06 (0.00 to 0.26), respectively. The lateral hip pain (LHP) classification tree: (dichotomous LHP associated with a flexion abduction external rotation (FABER) test) had a mean (SE) sensitivity and specificity of 0.81 (0.019) and 0.82 (0.044), respectively. A non-specific hip pain classification tree had a mean (SE) sensitivity and specificity of 0.78 (0.058) and 0.28 (0.080). Conclusions Patients with LHP in the absence of difficulty with manipulating shoes and socks, together with pain on palpation of the greater trochanter and LHP with a FABER test are likely to have GTPS.
Creating health through physical activity

In Scotland we aim to increase life expectancy by 5 years in the next 10 years and decrease health inequalities. These ambitions are bold. If life expectancy trends continue, Scotland will fall further behind the rest of Western Europe. Although premature mortality continues to fall, the trajectory of our improvement is currently more modest than that being achieved by other countries. And despite all efforts, health inequalities continue to grow. The gap between the rich and the poor is widening, with the richest 20% now living 10 years longer than the poorest 20% in Scotland. Albert Einstein defined insanity as ‘doing the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result. ’ The excess mortality in Scotland requires something new to be done. It may partly stem from the social breakdown and loss of jobs when heavy industry (dominated by shipbuilding, coal mining and steel) declined, particularly in West Central Scotland in the latter half of the 20th century. Those affected were given housing and benefit, and remained predominantly in the region. Although the collapse of heavy industry happened in other countries in Europe, for example, Katowice in Poland, alternative suitable work was found and the sense of control, and community that goes with purpose and employment was preserved. The net result is that Scotland's excess mortality when compared with the rest of Europe can be partly attributed to causes such as violence, drug misuse, alcohol excess and suicide. Interestingly, similar patterns of excess mortality have been noticed in other population groups …
Examining injury risk and pain perception in runners using minimalist footwear

Background This study examines the effect of progressive increases in footwear minimalism on injury incidence and pain perception in recreational runners. Methods One hundred and three runners with neutral or mild pronation were randomly assigned a neutral (Nike Pegasus 28), partial minimalist (Nike Free 3.0 V2) or full minimalist shoe (Vibram 5-Finger Bikila). Runners underwent baseline testing to record training and injury history, as well as selected anthropometric measurements, before starting a 12-week training programme in preparation for a 10 km event. Outcome measures included number of injury events, Foot and Ankle Disability (FADI) scores and visual analogue scale pain rating scales for regional and overall pain with running. Results 99 runners were included in final analysis with 23 injuries reported; the neutral shoe reporting the fewest injuries (4) and the partial minimalist shoe (12) the most. The partial minimalist shoe reported a significantly higher rate of injury incidence throughout the 12-week period. Runners in the full minimalist group reported greater shin and calf pain. Conclusions Running in minimalist footwear appears to increase the likelihood of experiencing an injury, with full minimalist designs specifically increasing pain at the shin and calf. Clinicians should exercise caution when recommending minimalist footwear to runners otherwise new to this footwear category who are preparing for a 10 km event.
SNP sets selection under mutual information criterion, application to F7/FVII dataset

One of the main goals of human genetics is to find genetic markers related to complex diseases. In blood coagulation process, it is known that genetic variability in F7 gene is the most responsible for observed variations in FVII levels in blood. In this work, we propose a method for selecting sets of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly correlated with a phenotype (FVII levels). This method employs a feature selection algorithm (variant of Sequential Forward Selection, SFS) based on a criterion of statistical significance of a mutual information functional. This algorithm is applied to a sample of independent individuals from the GAIT project. Main SNPs found by the algorithm are in correspondence with previous results published using family-based techniques.
A systematic video analysis of National Hockey League (NHL) concussions, part I: who, when, where and what?

Background Although there is a growing understanding of the consequences of concussions in hockey, very little is known about the precipitating factors associated with this type of injury. Aim To describe player characteristics and situational factors associated with concussions in the National Hockey League (NHL). Methods Case series of medically diagnosed concussions for regular season games over a 3.5-year period during the 2006–2010 seasons using an inclusive cohort of professional hockey players. Digital video records were coded and analysed using the Heads Up Checklist. Results Of 197 medically diagnosed concussions, 88% involved contact with an opponent. Forwards accounted for more concussions than expected compared with on-ice proportional representation (95% CI 60 to 73; p=0.04). Significantly more concussions occurred in the first period (47%) compared with the second and third periods (p=0.047), with the majority of concussions occurring in the defensive zone (45%). Approximately 47% of the concussions occurred in open ice, 53% occurred in the perimeter. Finally, 37% of the concussions involved injured players’ heads contacting the boards or glass. Conclusions This study describes several specific factors associated with concussions in the NHL, including period of the game, player position, body size, and specific locations on the ice and particular situations based on a player's position.
Efectividad del tratamiento antihipertensivo en una muestra de pacientes colombianos

La hipertension representa alta carga de salud por su prevalencia, por su bajo nivel de diagnostico y control y por ser factor de riesgo primario de otras enfermedades cardiovasculares. Segun el JNC 7 report son hipertensas las personas con cifras de 140/90 mm Hg o mayores y deben tratarse con esquemas que disminuyan las cifras por debajo de 120/80 mm Hg y tengan en cuenta la morbilidad asociada y la presencia de otros factores de riesgo. En este estudio se evaluo la efectividad, la tolerabilidad y la adherencia al tratamiento en una muestra aleatoria de 458 hipertensos en tratamiento por no menos de un ano en seis ciudades colombianas. Un grupo de enfermeras entrenadas contacto a los pacientes cuando asistian a su control de rutina de presion arterial y, tras obtener su consentimiento, procedieron a la medicion de la presion arterial y de otros datos antropometricos, y a consignar en el formulario los datos relacionados con morbilidad asociada, factores de riesgo, medicacion antihipertensiva prescrita y usada, y otros medicamentos empleados. Algunos de estos datos se recabaron de las historias clinicas. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 57,6±13 anos, con 67,5% de mujeres; 92% tenia adherencia total al tratamiento y 59% no reporto eventos adversos asociados con la medicacion. El 44% era tratado con monoterapia antihipertensiva y los agentes mas empleados fueron, en su orden: hidroclorotiazida, verapamilo, enalapril, captopril, metoprolol y propranolol. El 45,2% (n=207) de los pacientes del estudio esta controlado, 35,1% tiene hipertension estado 1 y 19,7%, estado 2. Mediante el analisis multivariable se encontro que la hipertension no controlada se asocia significativamente con el adulto mayor, con quienes reciben combinaciones de antihipertensivos y con pacientes que residen en Ibague, Barranquilla o Manizales donde se emplean las menores dosis diarias definidas totales de agentes antihipertensivos. Se recomienda al equipo de salud ajustar los esquemas posologicos con base en objetivos terapeuticos bien definidos.
Return to play following injury: whose decision should it be?

Background Return-to-play (RTP) decision-making is required for every injured athlete. However, these decisions often lead to conflict between sport medicine professionals, athletes, coaches and sport associations. This study explores differences in professionals’ opinion about which criteria should be used for RTP decisions, and who is best able to evaluate them. Methods We surveyed Canadian sport medicine physicians, physiotherapists, athletic therapists, chiropractors, massage therapists, athletes, coaches and representatives from three sport associations. The 10 min online survey asked respondents to rate criteria as mandatory to irrelevant on a five-point Likert scale, and to indicate which profession was best able to evaluate the criteria. Results In general, medical doctors, physiotherapists and athletic therapists were considered best able to assess factors related to risk of injury and complications from injury. Each clinician group (except sport massage therapists) generally believed their own profession has the best capacity to evaluate the criteria. Athletes, coaches and sport associations were considered to have the best capacity to assess factors related to competition (desire, psychological and financial impact and loss of competitive standing). There remained considerable heterogeneity both between and within stakeholder groups. Conclusions We found that differences in approach to RTP decisions were generally greater within versus between-stakeholder groups. If shared decision-making is to become the norm in clinical sport medicine, we need to begin a discussion on which discrepancies are due to lack of training (resolved through education) or scientific knowledge (resolved through research) or simply reflect the divergence of personal/societal values.
Computer aided diagnosis of fatty liver ultrasonic images based on support vector machine

B-scan ultrasound is the primary means for the diagnosis of fatty liver. However, due to use of various ultrasound equipments, poor quality of ultrasonic images and physical differences of patients, fatty liver diagnosis is mainly qualitative, and often depends on the subjective judgment of technicians and doctors. Therefore, computer-aided feature extraction and quantitative analysis of liver B-scan ultrasonic images will help to improve clinical diagnostic accuracy, repeatability and efficiency, and could provide a measure for severity of hepatic steatosis. This paper proposed a novel method of fatty liver diagnosis based on liver B-mode ultrasonic images using support vector machine (SVM). Fatty liver diagnosis was transformed into a pattern recognition problem of liver ultrasound image features. According to the different characteristics of fatty liver and healthy liver, important image features were extracted and selected to distinguish between the two categories. These features could be represented by near-field light-spot density, near-far-field grayscale ratio, grayscale co-occurrence matrix, and neighborhood gray-tone difference matrix (NGTDM). A SVM classifier was modeled and trained using the clinical ultrasound images of both fatty liver and normal liver. It was then exploited to classify normal and fatty livers, achieving a high recognition rate. The diagnostic results are satisfactorily consistent with those made by doctors. This method could be used for computer-aided diagnosis of fatty liver, and help doctors identify the fatty liver ultrasonic images rapidly, objectively and accurately.
Scoring by Intermolecular Pairwise Propensities of Exposed Residues (SIPPER): A New Efficient Potential for Protein-Protein Docking

A detailed and complete structural knowledge of the interactome is one of the grand challenges in Biology, and a variety of computational docking approaches have been developed to complement experimental efforts and help in the characterization of protein-protein interactions. Among the different docking scoring methods, those based on physicochemical considerations can give the maximum accuracy at the atomic level, but they are usually computationally demanding and necessarily noisy when implemented in rigid-body approaches. Coarser-grained knowledge-based potentials are less sensitive to details of atomic arrangements, thus providing an efficient alternative for scoring of rigid-body docking poses. In this study, we have extracted new statistical potentials from intermolecular pairs of exposed residues in known complex structures, which were then used to score protein-protein docking poses. The new method, called SIPPER (scoring by intermolecular pairwise propensities of exposed residues), combines the value of residue desolvation based on solvent-exposed area with the propensity-based contribution of intermolecular residue pairs. This new scoring function found a near-native orientation within the top 10 predictions in nearly one-third of the cases of a standard docking benchmark and proved to be also useful as a filtering step, drastically reducing the number of docking candidates needed by energy-based methods like pyDock.