Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ditorial se of replicates in statistical analyses in papers submitted for ublication in Animal Feed Science and Technology

This editorial is an annex, essentially an amplification of earlier Animal Feed Science and Technology (AFST) editorials which focused on analytical and statistical issues of papers submitted for publication in AFST. This amplification is needed because, since publication of those editorials, there has been a sharp increase in papers submitted to AFST (particularly in vitro gas, ruminal in sacco, continuous culture fermenter and mini-silo studies), in which there have been substantive disagreements among authors, reviewers and editors as to what, exactly, constitutes acceptable statistical replicates as opposed to pseudo replicates. In this editorial, the Co-Editors in Chief of AFST provide clarification of their view relative to use of analytical observations in statistical analyses in papers submitted for consideration for publication in AFST. If the objective is to compare feeds and from the results, make inferences to populations, only multiple samples of each feed represent an acceptable feed base. This suggests that means comparisons based on repeated assays of the same sample, whether by chemical, physical or microbiological methods, will almost certainly be rejected by the CEIC. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Subthalamic‐thalamic DBS in a case with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 and severe tremor—A unusual clinical benefit

This is a single case report of a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) and severe tremor. Whereas disease progression with prevailing ataxia and dysmetria was slow over the first symptomatic 6 years, 6 months prior to operation were characterized by the development of a severe, debilitating postural tremor rendering the patient unable to independently sit, stand, speak, or swallow. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) at a subthalamic–thalamic electrode position almost completely arrested her tremor. The patient regained the functional state prior to her rapid disease progression allowing a restricted range of daily activities. Her condition has remained approximately stable over the two postoperative years to date. In addition to the efficacy of DBS on cerebellar tremor, the results illustrate a remarkable improvement of the patient's general condition and independence.
Cementum as an age determinant: A forensic view

Context: Forensic age estimation (FAE) defines an expertise in forensic medicine, which aims to define in the most accurate way to determine the unknown chronological age of the person involved in judicial or legal proceedings. Dental cementum is a vital tissue which demonstrates continuous apposition throughout the life of the tooth. This appositional changes of cementum helps in approximation of age inforensic investigations. Aims: To correlate age by measuring the overlap or coronal migration of thecementum at thecementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the thickness of the cementum at the apical third of the root. Settings and Design: A hundred freshly extracted teethfrom patients ranging from ages 17-55were longitudinal buccolingually ground sectioned using a mounted lathe wheel and Arkansas stone. Materials and Methods: 100 freshly extracted teeth of age group ranging from 17-55 years were taken. These teeth were longitudinally ground sectioned to a thickness of 8-10μm using a mounted lathe wheel and Arkansas stone. Afterwards the teeth were examined under a light microscope using a micrometer eyepiece for measuring the overlap or coronal migration of the cementum at the CEJ and the thickness of the cementum at the apical one-third of root. Statistical Analysis: Measurements of the overlap or the coronal migration of the cementum at the CEJ and the thickness of the cementum at the apical one-third of the root are correlated with age. Results: Results of the study indicated that the cementum at the CEJ migrated coronally during theaging process in case of the impacted teeth. There is also a significant increase in the thickness of the cementum at the apical onethird of rootin the case of both the impacted and erupted teeth. Conclusion: Approximation of age by measuring overlap or coronal migration of the cementum at the CEJ and the thickness of the cementum at the apical one-third of the rootsets new alleys in FAE.
Adolescent Suicidal Behavior and Substance Use: Developmental Mechanisms

Adolescent suicidal behaviors and substance use are disturbingly common. Research suggests overlap of some of the etiological mechanisms for both adolescent suicidal behavior and substance use, yet clear understanding of the complex relations between these behaviors and their causal underpinnings is lacking. A growing body of evidence and a diathesis model (Mann et al. 1999; Mann, 2003) highlight the importance of impulse control as a proximal risk factor for adolescent suicidal and substance use behaviors. This literature review extends current theory on the relationships between adolescent suicidal behavior and substance use by: (1) examining how, when, and to what extent adolescent development is affected by poor impulse control, stressful life events, substance use behavior, and biological factors; (2) presenting proposed causal mechanisms by which these risk factors interact to increase risk for suicidal behaviors and substance use; and (3) proposing specific new hypotheses to extend the diathesis model to adolescents at risk for suicide and substance use. More specifically, new hypotheses are presented that predict bidirectional relationships between stressful life events and genetic markers of 5-HT dysregulation; substance use behavior and impulsivity; and substance use behavior and suicide attempts. The importance of distinguishing between different developmental trajectories of suicidal and substance use behaviors, and the effects of specific risk and protective mechanisms are discussed. Use of new statistical approaches that provide for the comparison of latent growth curves and latent class models is recommended to identify differences in developmental trajectories of suicidal behavior and substance use. Knowledge gained from these prospective longitudinal methods should lead to greater understanding on the timing, duration, and extent to which specific risk and protective factors influence the outcomes of suicidal behavior and substance use. In turn, findings from these studies should inform researchers who conduct future treatment and prevention studies.
Development of a Novel Reusable Real Time Monitoring Glucose Sensor Based on Nanostructured Conducting Polyaniline (NSPANI)

A novel mediatorless reusable glucose biosensor with a remarkable shelf life has been fabricated on electrodeposited film of chemically synthesized nanostructured polyaniline (NSPANI) on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plates using cyclic voltammetry. Glucose oxidase has been covalently immobilized on electrodeposited NSPANI film to fabricate a glucose bioelectrode (GOx/NSPANI-SDS/ITO). The results of linear sweep voltammetry and the high value of heterogeneous rate constant as obtained using Laviron equation indicates that GOx/NSPANI-SDS/ITO bioelectrode can detect glucose in the range of 0.5 to 10.00 mM with high sensitivity of 13.9 μA? mM? 1 with a fast response time of 12 seconds. The linear regression analysis of bioelectrode reveals standard deviation and correlation coefficient of 6 μA and 0.994, respectively. The low value of Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) estimated as 0.28 mM using Lineweaver-Burke plot indicates high affinity of glucose oxidase enzyme to glucose and transfer rate. The GOx/NSPANI-SDS/ITO bioelectrode exhibits uniform activity for 12 weeks under refrigerated conditions; however the study is further going on. Attempts have been made to utilize this electrode for estimation of glucose in blood serum and results are found to be within 11% error. The unique features of this novel electrode lie on its reusability, real time monitoring, reproducibility and remarkable shelf life apart from the wide linear range, high sensitivity, low Km value, high heterogeneous electron-transfer constant etc.
Expression of RASSF1A gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of RASSF1A gene in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS RASSF1A gene expression was examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 32 specimens of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma from patients with primary NPC, 16 specimens of histologically normal nasopharyngeal epithelia, and 4 NPC cell lines (CNE1, CNE2, HNE1, HNE2). The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 3p21.3 was detected using D3S4604 microsatellite marker in NPC. RESULTS Reduction in the expression level of RASSF1A was significantly lower in NPC than in normal nasopharyngeal epithelium(P=0.001). Allelic delection (LOH) on 3p21.3 was assessed in 43.75% of the NPC specimens. However, there was no evidence to demonstrate the relationship between RASSF1A expression and the patient's age, gender, and some clinical features such as lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and serum titer of EBV (VCA/IgA) antibody (P>0.05). The expression of RASSF1A was reduced in NPC specimens from NPC patients with distant metastasis compared with that of patients without distant metastasis (P=0.014). CONCLUSION Down-regulated RASSF1A gene expression might be an event in the later stages of the tumorigenesis of NPC, and the 3p21 region may contain tumor suppressor genes that are could be deeply involved in the tumorigenesis of NPC.
Physical exercise intervention in depressive disorders: Meta‐analysis and systematic review

Previous meta‐analyses investigating the effect of exercise on depression have included trials where the control condition has been categorized as placebo despite the fact that this particular placebo intervention (e.g., meditation, relaxation) has been recognized as having an antidepressant effect. Because meditation and mindfulness‐based interventions are associated with depression reduction, it is impossible to separate the effect of the physical exercise from the meditation‐related parts. The present study determined the efficacy of exercise in reducing symptoms of depression compared with no treatment, placebo conditions or usual care among clinically defined depressed adults. Of 89 retrieved studies, 15 passed the inclusion criteria of which 13 studies presented sufficient information for calculating effect sizes. The main result showed a significant large overall effect favoring exercise intervention. The effect size was even larger when only trials that had used no treatment or placebo conditions were analyzed. Nevertheless, effect size was reduced to a moderate level when only studies with high methodological quality were included in the analysis. Exercise may be recommended for people with mild and moderate depression who are willing, motivated, and physically healthy enough to engage in such a program.
Studies on the relationship of CTLA-4 +49A/G gene with Recurrent Miscarriage in Northwest of Iran

Background: Immunological factors are important in pregnancy loss because of the interaction between mother and fetus. T-regulatory cells as the component of humeral immune response play important role in the fetu-maternal interface. One of the regulatory mechanisms for these cells is mediated by antigen independent co -stimulatory signals and interaction of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (B7/CTLA-4) is one of these signals. The CTLA-4 which down regulates the activation and proliferation of T-cells occurs in a competitive interaction with CD28 to bind to B7. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship of CTLA-4 +49A/G gene with Recurrent Miscarriage in a group of Iranian women. Methods: In the present study, 60 women with the history of two or more pregnancy loss were selected and considered as the case group. A group of women (n=60) with at least two live births without any previous history of pregnancy loss and autoimmune diseases were taken as control group. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood using standard protocols. The CTLA-4 +49 A/G were detected using polymerase chain reaction -restriction fragment length polymorphisms assay. Results: The results showed that CTLA-4 +49 A/G polymorphisms were not significantly different in women with the history of two or more pregnancy loss compared to normal individuals. The frequency of G-allele polymorphism was 39.16% and 35.83% in patients and controls respectively. Conclusions: The data presented may suggest that the CTLA -4 is not associated with recurrent miscarriage in an Iranian population in Northwest region.
SR-BI: a new player in an old game.

Monocyte-derived macrophages are among the first cells to accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions. Primarily, they appear to scavenge lipids and lipoproteins from fatty streaks, but their long-term presence and accumulation of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters is the hallmark of atherosclerosis. Atherogenesis begins by a perturbation in the endothelium. Subsequently, blood monocytes and later T lymphocytes adhere to the endothelium and migrate into the intima. Macrophages accumulate cholesteryl esters and triglyceride in cytoplasmic droplets, leading to the formation of foam cells. Although questions still remain regarding the relative contribution of environmental and/or genetic factors to the cholesterol accumulation and initiation of the atherosclerotic process, it is believed that foam cell development and ultimately atherosclerosis result from a defective control in the intimal round-trip of cholesterol. See pages 1589 Cholesterol accumulation in macrophages occurs independently of LDL receptors and results from the uptake of retained and modified apoB-containing lipoproteins by scavenger receptors,1 which are not under a cholesterol-feedback regulation. The scavenger receptor superfamily is composed of many members with diverse structures, expression patterns, and functions.2 Scavenger receptor class A types I and II, the class B scavenger receptors (CD36 and CD68), LOX-1, and possible others are implicated in the unrestrictive cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages, lipid droplet formation and ultimately, atherosclerosis.3 As intracellular cholesterol levels increase, endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis …
Generalized Hyperalgesia in Chronic Low-Back Pain

Description: Generalized hyperalgesia has been demonstrated in cross-sectional studies in a range of chronic pain disorders, including low-back pain. It is not clear, whether the increased sensitivity to experimental pain stimuli in chronic low-back pain sufferers develops early with acute pain, later with chronification, or whether it actually represents pre-existing, high pain sensitivity in a susceptible subgroup of the background population. Assessing experimental pain sensitivity is not routine practice in the management of low-back pain.
Assessment of hepatic iron content using magnetic resonance imaging

Numerous studies over the past decade have shown that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has great potential for detecting and quantifying the distribution of iron in the body. With MRI, tissue iron is indirectly identified by the paramagnetic effects of iron on the shortening of water proton MR relaxation times. However, these effects are complex and involve a number of factors, such as tissue hydration, distribution of iron and water within the tissue, and the amount of iron loading within the iron storage molecules. A coherent understanding of how these factors influence the MRI signal is still lacking. The dependence on experimental conditions, such as magnet field strength, pulse sequences, and data acquisition parameters, further complicates iron quantification with MRI. To date, there is no generally accepted MRI approach available for clinical application. In this review, we first explain the basic MR relaxation mechanisms underlying the detection of iron with MRI. We then review the literature on empirical MRI studies of hepatic iron. Finally, we summarize the critical issues that need to be addressed to develop MRI techniques for non‐invasive iron detection in the body.
RGMB and neogenin control cell differentiation in the developing olfactory epithelium

ABSTRACT Cellular interactions are key for the differentiation of distinct cell types within developing epithelia, yet the molecular mechanisms engaged in these interactions remain poorly understood. In the developing olfactory epithelium (OE), neural stem/progenitor cells give rise to odorant-detecting olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and glial-like sustentacular (SUS) cells. Here, we show in mice that the transmembrane receptor neogenin (NEO1) and its membrane-bound ligand RGMB control the balance of neurons and glial cells produced in the OE. In this layered epithelium, neogenin is expressed in progenitor cells, while RGMB is restricted to adjacent newly born ORNs. Ablation of Rgmb via gene-targeting increases the number of dividing progenitor cells in the OE and leads to supernumerary SUS cells. Neogenin loss-of-function phenocopies these effects observed in Rgmb−/− mice, supporting the proposal that RGMB-neogenin signaling regulates progenitor cell numbers and SUS cell production. Interestingly, Neo1−/− mice also exhibit increased apoptosis of ORNs, implicating additional ligands in the neogenin-dependent survival of ORNs. Thus, our results indicate that RGMB-neogenin-mediated cell-cell interactions between newly born neurons and progenitor cells control the ratio of glia and neurons produced in the OE. Summary: Ablation of RGMB expression, or of its receptor neogenin, leads to increased progenitor cell numbers and affects cell fate choice in the developing mouse olfactory epithelium.
A 1.8 V 89.2 dB delta-sigma adc for sensor interface with on-chip reference

A switched-capacitor (SC) third-order single-loop single-bit delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for sensor interface is presented. The ADC is integrated on the same chip with a bandgap reference. To reduce the power consumption, opamp bias current switching technique is adopted. The prototype delta-sigma ADC fabricated in a 0. 18μm CMOS process achieves 89.2 dB dynamic range (DR), 77.1 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 77.0 dB signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) over 10 kHz signal bandwidth with an over-sampling-ratio (OSR) of 128. The total power consumption is 1.42 mW at 1.8 V supply.
Echocardiography in Aspergillus endocarditis.

In the letter "Echocardiography in Aspergillus Endocarditis" (Pediatrics 69: 252, 1982) the authors' names are as follows: Martin B. Kleiman, MD, Randall Caldwell, MD, Donald Girod, MD, and Roger Hurwitz, MD.
Umverteilung als staatliches Regulierungsinstrument: Eine vergleichende Analyse für Deutschland und die Schweiz

Bien que la prosperite et une distribution equitable des chances de vie fassent partie des objectifs sociopolitiques fondamentaux des societes occidentales modernes, des differences considerables continuent d'exister dans la distribution des ressources materielles et immaterielles. Afin d' empecher et/ou de supprimer les inegalites sociales, l'Etat peut essayer d'etablir d'une part des conditions initiales equitables ou/et d'autre part l'egalite des resultats. Dans quelle mesure il y parviendra dependra pourtant fortement de l'organisation de la prevoyance sociale de l'Etat. Ceci fera l'objet de cette analyse comparative de la situation en Allemagne et en Suisse. On constatera que l'inegalite de distribution des revenus est similaire dans les deux pays, mais qu'elle resulte de processus tres differents.
The anti‐inflammatory mechanism of 635 nm light‐emitting‐diode irradiation compared with existing COX inhibitors

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) protects cells against cell injury in specific pathophysiological situations: inflammation and oxidative stress. Although the anti‐inflammatory effects have been reported in clinical fields for specific wavelength irradiation during wound healing, the physiological mechanism has not been clarified yet. The aim of the present study is to investigate the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of 635 nm light‐emitting‐diode (LED) irradiation compared with existing COX inhibitors.
Communication Blog: Discourse Structuring and Relationship among Participants

In the last decade, blogs became popular and consolidated themselves as important communication system.The research presented in this paper contributes to thecreation of knowledge regarding the characteristics andpotential of blogs as mechanisms of communication andinteraction. The communication possibilities in blogs areanalyzed according to two perspectives: discourse structuring and the relationships among participants. In Blogs, a peculiar discourse structure is used: the Star Graph structure, which requires a centralized organization of messages resulting on a focused discussion. The following relationships are established among the participants: One-to-All, in which the authorpublishes the post, and All-to-One, in which readers commenton the author's post. These two forms of communication areauthor-centered. The All-to-All relationship, providedindirectly through links among blogs and also through the use of a mechanism to respond to a comment, allows interaction among all participants but weakens the centralized organization of messages. As a result of this research, a discourse structure that enables an All-to-All relationship while maintaining the centralized structure is proposed: the Links-Enriched Centralized Organization. This proposal allows tracking quotations, thus providing a betterunderstanding of the conversation while keeping the focus onthe post.
Integrin alpha5beta1-mediated adenovirus infection is enhanced by the integrin-activating antibody TS2/16

Adenovirus internalization generally has been accepted to involve an interaction of the adenoviral penton base protein with alpha(v)beta3 and alpha(v)beta5 cell surface integrins. In this study we show that exposure of a panel of melanoma cells to the beta1-activating antibody TS2/16 rendered such cells more susceptible to adenovirus infection. This increase in adenoviral infectivity paralleled effects on cell adhesion, and both these characteristics were mediated, in part, by the alpha5beta1 integrin. These observations suggest that alpha5beta1 may act as an alternative adenovirus receptor and that integrin-activating strategies may improve the efficacy of recombinant adenoviruses as vectors for gene therapy.
Q/V-band feed system development

The development of a slimline Q/V-band feed system engineering model (EM) suitable for multi-beam antenna applications and feed spacing of around 26mm is described. This new feed product will extend telecoms satellite capacity by using Q/V-band for gateway links and maximising the Ka-band spectrum for broadband user links. Following an initial feed architecture trade off and breadboard phase for critical feed components, a generic wideband feed architecture was selected for full EM feed development. This comprises a wideband feed horn, wide band polariser, wide band Ortho-mode Transducer (OMT), and a pair of triplexers to accommodate the most challenging filter frequency plan. Predicted and measured performance is presented. The work has been carried out in the frame of an ARTES 5.2 project.
Fusion of MR and CT images using the curvelet transform

This paper proposes the application of the curvelet transform in medical image fusion. In medical image fusion, multiple medical images, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images, are fused into a new image to improve the information content for diagnoses. The paper concentrates on this issue. Some attempts have been proposed for the fusion of MR and CT images using the wavelet transform. Since medical images have several objects and curved structures, it is expected that the curvelet transform would be better in their fusion. The simulation results show the superiority of the curvelet transform to the wavelet transform in the fusion of CT and MR images from both the visual quality and the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) points of view.