Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
El acomodo espacial como acción de los reubicados hacia el logro de la vivienda adecuada en Barranca Nueva, México, 2010-2018.

Los proyectos arquitectonico-urbanos de reubicacion en Mexico ofrecen alojamiento y seguridad, pero tambien son la causa del retorno de los reubicados al antiguo habitat en riesgo. Fallan, porque no toman en consideracion los patrones socioculturales de las poblaciones asistidas. Se realizo el estudio de caso de la localidad Barranca Nueva en Ixhuacan de los Reyes, Estado de Veracruz, Mexico, donde se aplico una metodologia combinada por instrumentos cualitativos y cuantitativos para intentar explicar la relacion entre habitos conservados y acomodos espaciales.
The effects of green tea derived catechins upon adipocyte metabolism

Tea, from the plant Camellia Sinensis, is after water, the most consumed drink in the world. Green tea, produced by steaming freshly harvested leaves to prevent fermentation, is high in polyphenols known as catechins or flavanols. The major flavanols found in green tea include (-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-) epicatechin. Literature reports suggest that green tea flavanols have the potential to exert anti-obesity effects by modulating weight gain and other factors such as lipogenesis, β-oxidation and adipokine release. Key features of obesity and associated insulin resistance are adipokine dysregulation, decreased sensitivity of adipocytes to insulin and subsequently, changes in glucose uptake by cells. The aims of this thesis were firstly to establish an efficient system of differentiated adipocytes and secondly to use this to investigate the effects of the flavanols EGCG and epicatechin on physiological outcomes such as adipokine release and glucose uptake. Thirdly, the question of whether these processes might be regulated by the ERK1/2 pathway and what may be happening upstream of this was explored. Finally, the effect of flavanol treatment on adipocyte gene expression of genes known to be modulated in obesity was investigated. Using the well established cell culture model of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the studies from this thesis show that EGCG and epicatechin are able to modulate the release of the adipokines adiponectin and resistin, dependent on the media glucose concentration. This modulation may be mediated by the ERK1/2 pathway, since flavanol treatment increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Uptake of glucose was not altered by any time or concentration of EGCG or epicatechin, and there were no significant changes in adipocyte gene expression following EGCG or epicatechin treatment. A thorough investigation of adipokine release, ERK signalling, glucose uptake and gene expression, under the influence of flavanol treatment, showed that although molecular changes occurred in the 3T3-L1 system, these did not translate into functional readouts. Therefore, it appears unlikely that these have major direct effects on adipocyte function.
Interference to Hardwood Regeneration in Northeastern North America: Pin Cherry and Its Effects

Pin cherry grows rapidly in a bright environment, overtopping most desirable hardwood species. Its rapid early development helps to reduce nutrient losses from a site and provides a source of mast for wildlife. Some pin cherry trees live for up to 45–50 years, but their abundance usually decreases after 30 –35 years. Pin cherry begins producing abundant seeds at an early age, and high proportions of these remain viable in the forest floor for up to 6 –7 decades. Germination has been linked to high availability of nitrogen (N) in the forest floor, either following fertilization or increased decomposition of the humus layer. Heavy overstory cutting or natural disturbances that reduce stocking below 50 – 60 ft 2 /ac in stands 90 years old will promote N release from the forest floor, resulting in abundant pin cherry within the new cohort. When at high density, pin cherry interferes with the development of most other species, and those of intermediate or low shade tolerance may die. Pin cherry may have a patchy distribution across a stand or form an almost complete canopy cover when well distributed at high densities. Its arrangement may affect long-term stand composition and development. Where milacres have 3 pin cherry 3 ft tall, or 1 of them 5 ft in height, a release treatment may prove necessary to ensure good levels of stocking with desirable hardwoods of seedling origin. Landowners should pay particular attention when they find a high pin cherry density across more than 30 – 40% of the stand area. These criteria may indicate where a release treatment would improve the composition of young hardwood stands.
The impact of soil water and nitrogen variability on the fitness and performance of Neolema abbreviata Larcordaire (Chrysomelidae) a biological control agent for Tradescantia fluminensis.

Due to their sessile nature, plants inexorably endure both transient and chronic environmental stressors with subsequent impact on their interactions with other trophic groups. Water and nitrogen variability are key abiotic factors mediating the interaction between plants and insect herbivores. For insects used in classical biological control of plants, such factors may determine extent of herbivory, population dynamics including field establishment and persistence. We conducted a full factorial experiment to determine the impact of water and fertiliser variability on the performance of Neolema abbreviata (Larcordaire) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its host plant Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. (Commelinaceae). Water and fertiliser variability strongly influenced T. fluminensis biomass accumulation and foliar nitrogen content. These changes in host plant quality resulted in preferential oviposition selection by the beetles with optimally irrigated plants that received moderate fertilizer being most favoured. Larval performance, in terms of weight gain and time to pupation was fastest in this treatment providing support for the preference-performance hypothesis. There were similarities in feeding performance and subsequent life-history responses in some treatments suggesting uniform nutritional quality requirements among life-stages, with a few exceptions. Overall, my study reports on differential effects of paired abiotic stressors and performance on a herbivorous insect at both juvenile (larvae) and adult feeding life-stages. We therefore call for multi-trait and factor evaluation to understand the impact of plant quality on insect life history traits. My findings also have direct implications on mass-rearing protocols of N. abbreviata and its potential field performance.
A Community-Based Development Tool for immersive interactions

Les peripheriques de realite virtuelle et mixte (RVM) sont de plus en plus accessibles ainsi que les moteurs de jeux. Meme si le nombre de developpeurs d'applications 3D temps reel est aujourd'hui important, rares sont ceux qui parviennent a integrer des interactions immersives. Cependant la commuante des experts RVM possedent aussi un besoin qui est celui de la reutilisation de leurs scripts. Notre concept est repondre au besoin des experts tout en faisant beneficier les novices. Pour cela, nous avons concu un nouvel outil independant nommee MIREDGE (MIxed and virtual Reality Development toolkit pour Game Engine). Cet outil est base sur un meta-modele permettant de capitaliser les algorithmes d'interaction et les associer a des representations simplifiees. Un meta-modele garantit une reutilisation d'algortihmes d'interactions en prenant en compte de la compatibilite logicielle et materielle. L'architecture specifique de MIREDGE donne la possibilite aux communautes des developpeurs reguliers et occasionnels d'ecrire de facon efficace et efficiente un algorithme d'interaction RVM.
Anti-microbial resistance and molecular characterization of Salmonella serovars from man and animals

Varied samples (1,132) comprising poultry meat (212), poultry eggs (49), poultry droppings (60), autopsied poultry tissues (60), pork (156), pig faeces (189), cattle dung (105), buffalo dung (103), sheep faeces (11), goat faeces (31), deer faeces (2) and human stool (154) were screened for isolation of Salmonella spp. Total 50 Salmonella isolates were recovered from samples, viz. poultry meat (2), poultry eggs (1), poultry droppings (6), autopsied poultry tissues (16), pork (2), pig faeces (9), cattle dung (6), buffalo dung (3), sheep faeces (4) and human stool (1). The recovered Salmonella isolates belonged to 10 different serovars with most prevalent serovar S. Typhimurium (21) followed by S. Weltevreden (12), S. Ughelli (5), S. Essen (3), S. Elisabethville (2), S. Lagos (2), S. Drogana (2), S. Enteritidis (1), S. London (1) and un-typable Salmonella (1). Salmonella isolates showed extreme variation in resistance (0–100%) against anti-microbial agents. The maximum resistance was observed among Salmonella isolates against sulphamethizole and furazolidone (100% each) followed by kanamycin (50%), gentamicin (44%), nalidixic acid (14%), tobramycin (10%), amikacin, ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline (8% each), amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (6%), norfloxacin (4%), ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime (2% each) and chloramphenicol (0%). A high level of sensitivity in Salmonella isolates was observed against chloramphenicol (100%) and tetracycline (92%). A high multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index in a range of 0.133–0.666 was observed in Salmonella serovars. Molecular characterization of Salmonella was performed by targeting amplification of invA gene primer fragment for confirmation of Salmonella spp. in which all isolates were found positive for this gene. Moreover, this gene encodes virulence factor in Salmonella spp. which was exhibited by all Salmonella isolates of the present study.
ROLES OF MALIC ENZYMES OF RHIZOBIUM

C4-dicarboxylic acids appear to be metabolized via the TCA cycle in N2-fixing bacteria (bacteroids) within legume nodules. In Sinorhizobium meliloti bacteroids from alfalfa, NAD-malic enzyme (DME) is required for symbiotic N2-fixation and this activity is thought to be required for the anaplerotic synthesis of pyruvate. In contrast, in the pea symbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum pyruvate synthesis can occur via either the DME pathway or a pathway catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK), pyruvate kinase (PYK), and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Here we report that dme mutants of Sinorhizobium sp. NGR234 formed root nodules on a broad range of plants and that the level of N2-fixation varied from 90% to 20% of wild type depending on the host plants inoculated. NGR234 bacteroids had significant PCK activity and while single pckA and single dme mutants fixed N2 on Macroptilium atropurpureum and Leucaena leucocephala (albeit at a reduced rate), a pckA dme double mutant had no N2-fixing activity (Fix). Thus, NGR234 bacteroids appear to synthesize pyruvate from TCA cycle intermediates via DME or PCK pathways. These NGR234 data, together with other reports, suggested that the completely Fix phenotype of S. meliloti dme mutants may be specific to the alfalfa-S. meliloti symbiosis. We therefore examined the ME-like genes azc3656 and azc0119 from Azorhizobium caulinodans, as azc3656 mutants were previously shown to form Fix nodules on the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata. We found that purified AZC3656 protein is an NAD (P) -malic enzyme whose activity is inhibited by acetylcoenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and stimulated by succinate and fumarate. Thus, whereas
Caractérisation de 69 bactériophages de Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus, incluant 10 bactériophages tempérés

Douze des 118 souches de Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus de la collection CNRZ presentent une phase lytique apres induction avec la mitomycine C et contiennent des phages actifs. Les phages temperes correspondants ont ete multiplies sur des souches indicatrices et compares a 56 phages isoles comme lytiques. Toutes les souches lysogenes se caracterisent par des proprietes autolytiques, dans certaines conditions de cultures. Du point de vue morphologique, les 69 phages etudies, temperes ou virulents, appartiennent tous au groupe B de la classification de Bradley (1967) ou a la famille des Siphoviridae de l'International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (Matthews, 1982). Les profils proteiques des virions sont de 2 types. Les ADN phagiques sont pour la plupart lineaires, avec des extremites cohesives et leur taille varie de 35 a 50 kb. Ils presentent un polymorphisme de restriction important. De l'homologie existe entre tous les ADN phagiques, en particulier entre les ADN des phages tempers et ceux des phages virulents. L'etude des interactions phages-bacteries a montre que certaines des souches lysogenes sont sensibles aux surinfections par de nombreux phages et que ces souches remanient alors le genome des phages infectants. Les resultats obtenus suggerent que les souches lysogenes de S. Salivarius subsp. Thermophilus pourraient jouer un role majeur dans la genese des infections phagiques et dans l'evolution de la population phagique specifique de ce streptocoque.
Anti-acne inducing bacteria activity and a-mangostin content of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind extracts from different provenience.

The fruit rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. has been traditionally used for treatment of skin infection, wounds, dysentery, and diarrhea. -Mangostin, a major constituent of the fruit rind, was reported to possess a strong inhibitory effect against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is involved in acne development. This study was conducted to quantitative analyze the content of -mangostin in the fruit rind of this plant collected from 13 locations in the South and East of Thailand by validated TLC-densitometric method. Antibacterial activity against P. acnes and S. epidermidis of the extracts was also determined. -Mangostin contents in the fruit rinds and in the 95 % ethanolic extracts were found in the ranges of 3.39-5.68 and 11.83-23.11 % dry weight, respectively. The samples from the South showed higher contents of -mangostin (average 17.64 % w/w in the extract and 4.85 % w/w in the dried powder) than the eastern samples. The MIC values of all extracts against P. acnes and S. epidermidis were in the range of 7.81-15.63 and 15.63-31.25 g/mL, respectively, while the MBC values were in the range of 15.63-31.25 and 62.50-125.00 g/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity and -mangostin content of the samples from different locations were significantly different (p<0.05). The average MIC and MBC values indicate that the samples from the South of Thailand (MIC = 13.02 g/mL, MBC = 15.63 g/mL for P. acne and MIC = 23.44 g/mL, MBC = 83.33 g/mL for S. epidermidis) promoted stronger antibacterial effect than the samples from the East. The results suggest that the -mangostin content in the extract of G. mangostana fruit rind correlates with the antiacne inducing bacteria activity. The fruit rinds of G. mangostana cultivated in the South seemed to be the appropriate source in terms of higher -mangostin content and better anti-acne property.
Integrated management of pine wilt disease in Troia

Troia is a sandy peninsula covered mainly by maritime pine, Pinus pinaster, forest which has suffered since 1999 the impact of pine wilt disease caused by the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The nematode is dispersed by the insect vector Monochamus galloprovincialis. Over the years, intensive management of the forests involved annual sanitary felling of dead and wilted pines, the placement of baited traps to capture flying insects, and the preventive inoculation of pines with a nematicide/insecticide by micro-injection. These measures have been effective in the control of pine wilt disease and in the decrease of the insect pest populations.
Improving plan execution robustness through capability aware maintenance of plans by BDI agents

In a realistic environment, intentions of belief-desire-intention (BDI) agents may be threatened by exogenous change. Subsequent activity failure may incur debilitative consequences that hinder both recovery and subsequent goal achievement. Capability aware, maintaining plans (CAMP-BDI) embodies BDI agents with capability knowledge, allowing anticipation of threats to activity success and stimulating the proactive, preventative modification of intended plans. We describe resultant agent-level algorithms and supporting architecture, including extension to provide decentralised, distributed maintenance through structured messaging. Our results show superior goal achievement to a reactive equivalent in a stochastic environment, increasing with the likelihood of debilitative failure effects. We suggest CAMP-BDI offers a valuable approach towards robustness, particularly in tandem with reactive recovery methods.
The Role of VOCs in Within-Plant Signaling and the Role of VOCs and Plant-Based Resources in Tritrophic Interactions in Datura wrightii

When damaged by herbivores, plants often produce and emit a suite of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Research has shown a variety of functions for these VOCs in defense against herbivores across many plant species. In Chapter One, I outline the characteristics and the induction of VOCs. I then discuss the two main functions of VOCs, its role in within-plant signaling and its concurrent effect with plant-based resources on the predation and the colonization of an omnivorous predator. In Chapter Two, I examined the role of VOCs as within-plant signals in Datura wrightii (Solanaceae) following damage by the herbivorous beetle, Lema daturaphila (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Experimentally, I expose (receiver) leaves to VOCs emitted by a damaged (emitter) leaf on the same plant. I then applied herbivore damage to receivers and measured the subsequent VOC production from each leaf. I analyzed the VOCs produced by receivers based on exposure to VOCs from the emitter, and the amount of vascular connectivity that each receiver had with the emitter. I found that VOC exposure increased subsequent emissions in receivers in general; and particularly in receivers having no direct vascular connection to the emitter. These findings indicate the importance of VOCs as an airborne damage signal in D. wrightii in response to herbivory. In Chapters Three and Four, I present my research on the concurrent effect of VOCs and plant-based resources on the predation of L. daturaphila and the colonization of D. wrightii by the omnivorous predator, Geocoris pallens (Hemiptera: Geocoridae). Through field and greenhouse experiments, I manipulated the presence of VOCs and plant-based resources at the host plant, D. wrightii. I then measured the effects of these manipulations on the rate of predation and the density of G. pallens. Both attractants positively increased the density of G. pallens, but plant-based resources strongly decreased predation of L. daturaphila by G. pallens. These findings indicate that different types of plant attractants may produce independent effects on predation vs. colonization in omnivores. Together, the research presented in this dissertation illustrate that VOCs emitted by D. wrightii play an integral part of the overall response to herbivory.
Flowgraph Models for Clustered Multistate Time to Event Data

vi Chapter 1: Introduction and Literature Review 1 Statistical Flowgraph Models 3 Inverting transforms to densities 7 Saddle Point Approximation 7 Fourier Series Approximation 8 Maximum Entropy Approximation 9 Padé Approximation 10 Bayesian Approaches 11 Flowgraphs with Covariates 13 Chapter 1 Discussion 14 Chapter 2: Methods and Results 16 Random effects and Link functions 19 Probability Components 20 Transition Time Components 21 Combining Probability and Transition Components 22 Cross Component Correlated Random Effects 25 Estimation 26 Frequentist 26 Bayesian 28 Monte Carlo Integration 28 Markov Chains 29 Rejection Sampling 29 Metropolis and Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm 30 Gibbs sampling 30 Slice Sampling 31 Estimation Summary 32 Simulations 32 Simulation 1 Cross Component Correlated Random Effects 34 Simulation 1 Results 37 Simulation 2 Small Sample Sizes of Clusters 45 Simulation 2 Results 46 Simulation 3 Repeat Events 49 Simulation 3 Results 51 Chapter 2 Discussion 53
Customer attachment and its role in patienthealthcare provider relationships

iii To gain the benefits of patients’ loyalty, fear of relationship loss, and willingness to forgive, hospitals are advised to establish patient attachment by nurturing the bonds between them. They should also emphasise the importance of attachment in the relationship between relationship value and forgiveness and relationship value and fear of relationship loss. Lastly, after considering the various findings, it can be inferred that hospitals should apply the same strategies, and focus on the same factors cited in the study (consumption emotions, involvement, relationship value, forgiveness, loyalty and fear of relationship loss) which would generally improve their efforts to encourage and strengthen attachment. This study makes theoretical and practical contributions, enhancing marketing researchers’ and managers’ understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of patients’ attachment to their hospitals. This research also contributes to the investigations into customer attachment. In addition, it is the sole study in the South African hospital industry to focus specifically on the antecedents and outcomes of patients’ attachment to their hospitals.
Current view about basophils and their significance in the allergic immune response

Basophils are one of major effector cells participating in the immune response despite the fact that they constitute a small population of peripheral blood leukocytes. They are activated by cross-linking of an antigen with IgE through FcεRI and then they release a wide range of mediators, implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Basophils are essential cells in IgG-mediated systemic anaphylaxis and currently are considered as antigen-presenting cells. This review summarizes recent studies and reports on basophils, their origin and role in the immune response, and their participation in diseases. Widening of our knowledge about basophils can help us to understand better the mechanisms of the complex processes in which those cells are involved.
TARNISHED PLANT BUG (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) AND PREDACEOUS ARTHROPOD POPULATIONS IN COMMERCIALLY PRODUCED SELECTED NECTARIED AND NECTARILESS CULTIVARS OF COTTON

The effect of nectariless cotton cultivars on tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), and beneficial arthropod populations was studied in Washington and Sunflower counties, Mississippi, in 1981 and 1982. Fifteen and 18 fields of nectaried and nectariless cotton were sampled in 1981 and 1982, respectively. Field size ranged from approximately 16 to 60 hectares, and all fields were sampled weekly with a D-Vac insect collector during June and July of both years. Adult tarnished plant bug populations were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the nectariless cotton in overall mean numbers in both years, and overall mean numbers of nymphs were significantly (P < 0.10) lower in the nectariless cotton in 1981. The combined adult and nymph population of tarnished plant bugs was reduced in the nectariless cotton an average of 44.0 and 34.0% in 1981 and 1982, respectively . These results demonstrate that nectariless cotton can suppress plant bug populations over a large area of cotton. A correspondi.