Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Producción del hongo Shiitake (Lentinula edodes Pegler) en bloques sintéticos utilizando residuos agroforestales

El cultivo de hongos comestibles es una alternativa importante para satisfacer las necesidades alimenticias de la poblacion, desarrollo agricola y formacion de agroindustrias en muchos lugares del mundo. Dentro de los hongos comestibles, el Shiitake posee propiedades alimenticias y medicinales importantes para la industria al utilizar los residuos agricolas y forestales como sustrato para su produccion. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las formulas C-Agro1, 2 y 3 en la produccion del hongo Shiitake, utilizando la cepa CP-CA1 de Lentinula edodes (Pegler) en bloques sinteticos, conformados por residuos agroforestales de la Sierra Norte del estado de Puebla, como es el aserrin de encino (Quercus sp.), restos de tallos y hojas (rastrojo) asi mismo, olote triturado de maiz (Zea mays). La cepa CP-CA1 demostro un adecuado crecimiento miceliar sobre los bloques sinteticos, con una tasa de produccion de 0.38, 0.33 y 0.31% para C-Agro1, 2 y 3 respectivamente. La mayor eficiencia biologica (EB) se obtuvo en la en la formula C-Agro2 a los 265 dias de produccion, con 100.50%. La presencia de cuerpos fructiferos fue de 85% de forma regular y con un peso aproximado entre 40 a 70 g por unidad. Los resultados demostraron la factibilidad de cultivar la cepa CP-CA1 de Lentinula edodes sobre residuos agroforestales de la sierra norte del estado de Puebla.
Solid‐state geometry and conformation of linear, diastereoisomeric oligoprolines

We have carried out a systematic analysis of the solid‐state conformational preferences of a number of linear homo‐oligoprolines (to the tetramer) by ir absorption and x‐ray diffraction. The peptides present different chiral sequences (tacticities), various types (urethane and amide) of N‐protecting groups, and free and blocked C‐termini (which imply different capabilities of forming H‐bonds). The following conclusions can be drawn: (i) values for the geometry of the prolyl residue and the peptide bond in the cis and in the trans conformations are proposed; (ii) in general the conformational angles φ and ψ in the linear homo‐oligoprolines have values appropriate for the polyproline II structure (conformation F); (iii) the pyrrolidine ring shows various types of puckering with no apparent relation to the backbone conformation; (iv) Pro‐Pro peptide bonds generally take the trans conformation, the few cases of cis conformation being formed by Pro residues of different chirality; (v) the single H‐bond donor — OH, when present, is always bonded to H‐acceptors, which can be either the urethane or the amide or the peptide carbonyl but never the carbonyl group of the — COOH moiety.
SCALING LAWS IN EMPIRICAL NETWORKS

Scaling laws provide a means by which to estimate the asymptotic growth behavior of a quantity from finite data. Well-known scaling relationships in other scientific domains–such as the scaling of resting metabolic rate with organismal mass [3] as well as that of city populations [1]– have been used productively to identify general patterns around which to build models and characterize deviations. Because sufficient empirical network data has been lacking, the manner in which real-world network structure scales has remained unexplored. The discovery of empirical scaling laws for statistical measures of network structure would shed new light on how networks change as they scale up and whether they exhibit “universal” behavior, providing new tests and targets for mathematical models of network structure.
Aspects of the thermal physiology and fruit digestion of Knysna (Tauraco Corythaix) and Purple-crested (Gallirex porphyrelophus)

Chapter 2: Avian frugivores have been somewhat poorly studied with regards to the effects that different fruit sugar types and concentrations have on their digestive efficiencies. Digestion of sugars in equicaloric and equimolar artificial fruit of different sugar types at varying concentrations and molarities were therefore investigated in two relatively large South African frugivores, the Knysna (Tauraco corythaix) and the Purple-crested (Gallirex porphyreolophus) Turaco. Artificial fruits of 6.6, 12.4 and 22% sucrose and glucose respectively and artificial fruits of 0.42, 0.83 and 1.66 mol L-1 sucrose and glucose respectively were used to determine daily food and energy intake, digestive efficiencies and digestive transit times. Digestive transit times of both Turaco species were slower with an increase in sugar concentration and molarity, irrespective of sugar type. Food intake of both Turaco species increased with decreasing concentration and molarity, irrespective of sugar type suggesting compensatory mechanisms for energy requirements. Apparent assimilation efficiencies of both Turaco species ranged from 61.4-90.0% and 60.2-92.4% for equicaloric and equimolar artificial fruit diets respectively. Consequently these two frugivores appear to be tolerant of sugar type and would be expected to select fruits based on energy yields. Future studies of the composition of indigenous forest fruit sugars may give insight into food preferences of the Turaco species and their role as potential seed dispersers of fruiting tree species. Chapter 3: The effects that different fruit sugar types and concentrations have on food preferences of avian frugivores have been relatively poorly studied. Although it has been recently advocated that preference is based on equicaloric energy it is also important to note whether preferences change as energy content changes. Therefore, sugar preferences of equicaloric and equimolar artificial fruit of different sugar types at varying concentrations and molarities were investigated in two relatively large South African frugivores, Knysna (Tauraco corythaix) and Purple-crested (Gallirex porphyreolophus) Turacos. Artificial fruits of 6.6, 12.4 and 22% sucrose and glucose respectively and artificial fruits of 0.42, 0.83 and 1.66 mol L-1 sucrose and glucose respectively were used to determine sugar preferences. Knysna Turacos preferred the sucrose to the glucose equicaloric artificial fruit diet at low concentrations whereas Purple-crested Turacos showed no preference for either diet. Both Turacos species preferred the sucrose equimolar artificial fruit diet to the glucose at low concentrations. At high concentrations neither species showed a preference for either equicaloric or equimolar artificial fruit diets. This suggests that energy requirements influence food preferences more than sugar type and that birds will select fruit that is higher in energy irrespective of sugar type. This complements an earlier study on digestion of sugars at varying concentrations of differing equicaloric and…
IMPACTS OF STRUCTURAL PERTURBATIONS ON THE SYNCHRONIZABILITY OF DIFFUSIVE NETWORKS

We study the effects of structural graphs perturbations of diffusive directed networks on their ability to synchronize: that is to say, we look at the hinderance or reinforcement of synchronizability when we add directed links of small weights to a directed network or when we perturb the weights of some of its existing links. Analogous results to those presented here can be found in the undirected setting using Fiedler theory. The reader who would like to know more about it is referred to [2] for more details.
A simple method for quantifying M. nematophilum clearance from the rectal opening of C. elegans

at-tachment rather than fluorescent decay or loss only of the SYTO13 stain, as re-incubation of the animals with fresh SYTO stain at a 90 min-ute time point results in the same number of animals with green fluorescence. Bus mutants which still show pathogen binding, such as mutants in the EGL-30-UNC-73-RHO-1 pathway (McMullan et al
Molecular imaging: a useful tool for translational research of stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy is applied to various diseases. The successful development of stem cell therapy demands tracking cellular fate (i.e., distribution, localization, survival, proliferation, and differentiation) after transplantation. Molecular imaging, which enables us to noninvasively and dynamically investigate biological processes in living subjects, plays an important role in cellular tracking. In our recent study, Luc2-mKate2 dual-fusion reporter gene was stably transducted into MSCs using lentiviral vectors. Through in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI), the biological behaviour of transplanted MSCs (including distribution, localization, survival, and proliferation) was dynamically monitored in mice with acute liver injury and the optimal MSCs delivery dose and route for liver disease were determined. Our study demonstrates that molecular imaging techniques are useful tools for translational research of stem cells.
Developing an Autonomous Driving Model Based on Raspberry Pi

In this project, we train a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the VGG16 using the lane image frames which are obtained from a front-facing camera mounted on a robotic car. We then use our trained model to drive the car in a predefined environment. The model will give the steering commands, such as forward, left-turn and right-turn, to make the car drive in the lane. The dataset we used to train and test the model contains more than 120 minutes of driving data. In a pre-trained real environment, the model can operate the robotic car to continuously drive in the lane. We trained the self-driving model by giving raw pixels of the lane image frame. The model will predict the next steering command based on the current frame state. This end-to-end approach significantly relies on the quality of the training dataset. To collect the training dataset, we chose a pi camera version one module with 5 megapixels resolution instead of a USB 2.0 8 megapixels (MP) resolution web camera. Although the webcam has a higher number of megapixels, it has a low frame rate and no GPU encoding. On the other hand, the pi camera has GPU encoding, and 5 megapixels resolution which produces decent quality image frames. In addition, the pi camera has a wide field of view in images. With image preprocessing, such as cropping and grayscaling, the testing accuracy of the transferred model was approximately 80%. This project empirically demonstrated that we can train CNN models to give the steering commands to operate the car in the lane. We used the free Cloud Tensor Processing Units (TPU) resource provided by google Colaboratory for training and a Sunfounder smart video car based on Raspberry Pi 3 model B for testing. The system operates at ten frames per second (FPS).
MUTUAL REINFORCEMENT AT SECOND ORDER

We propose and analyse a general tensor-based framework for incorporating second order features into spectral network measures. This approach allows us to combine traditional pairwise links with information that records whether triples of nodes are involved in triangles. Our treatment covers classical spectral methods and recently proposed cases from the literature that incorporate simplex information. We also identify interesting extensions. In particular, we define a mutually-reinforcing (spectral) version of the classical clustering coefficient, where triangles are deemed to be important if they intersect with other important triangles. The underlying object of study is a constrained nonlinear eigenvalue problem associated with a cubic tensor. Using recent results from nonlinear Perron–Frobenius theory, we establish existence and uniqueness under mild conditions, and show that the new spectral measures can be computed efficiently and robustly with a nonlinear power method.
Long-term efficacy of skin cancer surgery combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy on facial skin cancer

Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of skin cancer surgery (SCS) combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on facial skin cancer (FSC). Methods: A total of 110 FSC patients admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering were enrolled, of which 60 patients were treated with SCS combined with ALA-PDT as a SAP group, and other 50 patients were treated with ALA-PDT alone as an AP group. The clinical efficacy, wound healing time, hospitalization time, wound infection rate, recurrence rate, living ability, social ability, psychological function, and body function of the two groups were compared, and the patients were followed up for 5 years, and compared in terms of the 5-year overall survival (OS). Moreover, the risk factors affecting treatment efficacy on FSC patients were analyzed. Results: The SAP group got better clinical efficacy, and experienced shorter wound healing time and hospitalization time than the AP group, and it also suffered a lower wound infection rate and recurrence rate than the AP group. In addition, the living ability, social ability, psychological function, and body function scores, and the 5-year OS of the SAP group were greatly higher than those of the AP group. Working under outdoor exposure, having organ transplantation experience, T stage, and treatment method were independent risk factors affecting the treatment efficacy on FSC patients. Conclusion: SCS combined with ALA-PDT has a definite long-term effect on FSC, so it is worthy of clinical promotion.
Development and application of single nucleotide polymorphism markers in the polyploid Brassica napus by 454 sequencing of expressed sequence tags

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are currently the important classes of genetic markers for major crop species. It has the abundant polymorphism, however, is not widely applicable for genetic linkage mapping. In this study, methods for developing SNP markers in polyploid rapeseed by incorporation of expressed sequence tag (EST) redundancy, quality index and lines information between parents in the absence of reference genomic sequence data are demonstrated. For the development of SNP markers, ESTs were generated from two rapeseed parents ZY036 and 51070. Putative SNPs were computationally identified using 201 190 high-quality 454 ESTs from the two parents. A total of 655 putative SNPs were detected, among which transition changes accounted for 56% and transversion changes accounted for 44%. Of 50 randomly selected, putative SNPs 42 could be successfully validated, and six of these were successfully mapped in an F2 population from the two parents that were used for generating the EST libraries. These results demonstrate the usefulness of our approach for SNP marker development.
Probe-before-step walking strategy for multi-legged robots on terrain with risk of collapse

Multi-legged robots are effective at traversing rough terrain. However, terrains that include collapsible footholds (i.e. regions that can collapse when stepped on) remain a significant challenge, especially since such situations can be extremely difficult to anticipate using only exteroceptive sensing. State-of-the-art methods typically use various stabilisation techniques to regain balance and counter changing footholds. However, these methods are likely to fail if safe footholds are sparse and spread out or if the robot does not respond quickly enough after a foothold collapse. This paper presents a novel method for multi-legged robots to probe and test the terrain for collapses using its legs while walking. The proposed method improves on existing terrain probing approaches, and integrates the probing action into a walking cycle. A follow-the-leader strategy with a suitable gait and stance is presented and implemented on a hexapod robot. The proposed method is experimentally validated, demonstrating the robot can safely traverse terrain containing collapsible footholds.
Influence of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forests on aquatic invertebrate assemblages in headwater streams

We conducted a comparative study in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area to determine the potential long-term impacts of hemlock forest decline on stream benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Hemlock forests throughout eastern North America have been declining because of the hemlock woolly adelgid, an exotic insect pest. We found aquatic invertebrate community structure to be strongly correlated with forest composition. Streams draining hemlock forests supported significantly more total taxa than streams draining mixed hardwood forests, and over 8% of the taxa were strongly associated with hemlock. In addition, invertebrate taxa were more evenly distributed (i.e., higher Simpson's evenness values) in hemlock-drained streams. In contrast, the number of rare species and total densities were significantly lower in streams draining hemlock, suggesting that diversity differences observed between forest types were not related to stochastic factors associated with sampling and that streams draining mixed hardwood forests may be more productive. Analysis of stream habitat data indicated that streams draining hemlock forests had more stable thermal and hydrologic regimes. Our findings suggest that hemlock decline may result in long-term changes in headwater ecosystems leading to reductions in both within-stream (i.e., alpha) and park-wide (i.e., gamma) benthic community diversity.
DupHunter: Flexible High-Performance Deduplication for Docker Registries

The rise of containers has led to a broad proliferation of container images. The associated storage performance and capacity requirements place high pressure on the infrastructure of container registries that store and serve images. Exploiting the high file redundancy in real-world container images is a promising approach to drastically reduce the demanding storage requirements of the growing registries. However, existing deduplication techniques significantly degrade the performance of registries because of the high layer restore overhead. We propose DupHunter, a new Docker registry architecture, which not only natively deduplicates layers for space savings but also reduces layer restore overhead. DupHunter supports several configurable deduplication modes, which provide different levels of storage efficiency, durability, and performance, to support a range of uses. To mitigate the negative impact of deduplication on the image download times, DupHunter introduces a two-tier storage hierarchy with a novel layer prefetch/preconstruct cache algorithm based on user access patterns. Under real workloads, in the highest data reduction mode, DupHunter reduces storage space by up to 6.9× compared to the current implementations. In the highest performance mode, DupHunter can reduce the GET layer latency up to 2.8× compared to the state of the art.
TANGLES IN NETWORKS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO DESCRIBING COMMUNITIES

Graph theory defines many cohesive structures, such as grids, cliques and blocks. These structures are defined crisply, and it can be difficult to describe regions that almost meet the definitions; tangles are an attempt to give a mathematically rigorous description of cohesive structures that allows for some ‘fuzziness’ of the boundaries [8]. Our hypothesis is that tangles correspond to communities in networks, in the context of overlapping communities. Tangles were originally described by separations of edges [8], and also exist in other contexts, but separations of vertices are more natural for describing communities and are used here. Separations are then bipartitions of vertices, the number of edges connecting the parts giving the order of the separation. They are denoted by an ordered pair of their parts, (A,B), whose union is the entire vertex set. (A,B) is oriented towards B and is distinct from (B,A). Oriented separations can be selected so that they are all oriented towards overlapping parts of a single highly cohesive region, and such a selection, obeying certain properties, is called a tangle. Formally, a tangle T of order θ in a graph is a set of oriented vertex separations, all of order < θ, conforming to the following three axioms: 1. the tangle contains exactly one orientation of every separation of order < θ. 2. any three separations must be oriented consistently towards some part of the graph: for every (A1, B1), (A2, B2), (A3, B3) ∈ T we have B1 ∩ B2 ∩ B3 6= ∅. This provides most of the descriptive power. 3. for any (A,B) ∈ T , |B| > 1. This prevents trivial tangles. An algorithm for finding tangles
Dynamic analysis of atomic force microscope in tapping mode

The Atomic force microscope (AFM) is an enormously valuable tool in a wide variety of applications because of its function to depict in different mediums with the sub-nano-meter resolution, and also manipulating objects with nano-meter-scale features and measuring forces with better than pico-newton resolution. In this paper, the lumped parameter model is used to construct the mathematical model of the AFM cantilever. The cantilever tip, excited by the harmonic external force, is under the influence of the tip-sample interaction force. Since, we consider the AFM in the operation mode named dynamic contact mode, the Deryagin-Muller-Toporov (DMT) force is considered as the interaction force between the cantilever tip and the surface of the sample. DMT force causes non-linearity. To solve the equation of motion, the Van der Pol method is used to obtain the frequency response equation to investigate the non-linearity effect as well as the amplitude of the excitation on the response. The stability of steady state motion is investigated.
Comparison of the efficacy of surgeries on intra-articular calcaneal fracture via tarsal sinus approach and lateral extended approach

The surgical approaches for intra-articular calcaneal fracture are still controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of the tarsal sinus approach and the lateral extended approach on intra-articular calcaneal fracture. One hundred and six patients with intra-articular calcaneal fracture were divided into Group A and Group B randomly, with 53 patients in each group. Group A received surgery via the tarsal sinus approach. Group B received surgery via the lateral extended approach. The results showed that intraoperative blood loss, getting out-of-bed time and length of stay of Group A were all lower than those of Group B (all P<0.001). Total incidence of postoperative complications in Group A was lower than that in Group B (P=0.014). In conclusion, compared with the lateral extended approach, the tarsal sinus approach has less intraoperative blood loss, shorter getting out-ofbed time, shorter length of stay and fewer postoperative complications.