Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observing the Context of Use of a Media Player on Mobile Phones using Embedded and Virtual Sensors

In this paper, we discuss how contextual data acquired from multiple embedded mobile phone sensors can provide insights into the mobile user experience. We report from two field studies where contextual information were obtained from N=21 mobile phone users in a 2–8 week duration, to derive information about participant context. In the second study our focus was on observing mobile interaction with a media player application over time and we discuss how the captured contextual data can lead to a better understanding of the context in which mobile applications and devices are used. We argue that this information can provide valuable insights to the design of mobile applications and user interfaces.
Analyzing the 24‐hour blood pressure and heart‐rate variability with self‐organizing feature maps

In this article, the self‐organizing map (SOM) is employed to analyze data describing the 24‐hour blood pressure and heart‐rate variability of human subjects. The number of observations varies widely over different subjects, and therefore a direct statistical analysis of the data is not feasible without extensive pre‐processing and interpolation for normalization purposes. The SOM network operates directly on the data set, without any pre‐processing, determines several important data set characteristics, and allows their visualization on a two‐dimensional plot. The SOM results are very similar to those obtained using classic statistical methods, indicating the effectiveness of the SOM method in accurately extracting the main characteristics from the data set and displaying them in a readily understandable manner. In this article, the relation is studied between the representation of each subject on the SOM, and his blood pressure and pulse‐rate measurements. Finally, some indications are included regarding how the SOM can be used by the medical community to assist in diagnosis tasks. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
STYK1 promotes Warburg effect through PI3K/AKT signaling and predicts a poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

STYK1 (Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, exhibits tumorigenicity in many types of cancers. Our study reveals the important role played by STYK1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. STYK1 is upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues compared with para-carcinoma. Knockdown of STYK1 inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while ectopic STYK1 expression significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. In addition, we provided lines of evidence supporting the critical role of STYK1 in the regulation of glycolysis via activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway. Survival analysis reveals that STYK1 level is an independent prognostic factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Our results indicate that STYK1 is a promising therapeutic target in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Genital ulcers, other sexually transmitted diseases, and the sexual transmission of HIV.

There is increasing evidence that genital ulceration, including syphilis, chancroid, and herpes simplex type 2, increases susceptibility to HIV infection. It may be that the HIV penetrates more easily through ulcerated membranes or that the lymphocytes associated with the inflammatory response present target cells for HIV infection. There is also evidence that HIV-infected women with genital ulcers are themselves more infective due to shedding of the virus in the genital tract. Nonulcerative sexually-transmitted diseases have also been associated as cofactors of HIV infection. Programs for the control of sexually transmitted diseases should be strengthened and should focus on eliminating chancroid, which is easily treated with antibiotics. Patients with genital ulcer disease should receive counseling, so that they will know that untreated genital ulcers increase the risk of HIV infection.
A Qualitative Study of Earplug Use as a Health Behavior: The Role of Noise Injury Symptoms, Self-efficacy and an Affinity for Music

The use of earplugs in loud music venues is confined to a small minority who wish to avoid hearing damage from excessive noise exposure. Using the framework of the health belief model (HBM), structured interviews were held with 20 earplug-wearing clubbers. Qualitative analysis revealed the HBM constructs relevant to understanding this group’s motivation to protect their hearing. Personal experience of noise injury symptoms was the most common cue triggering earplug use. Awareness of the benefits of earplugs and appreciation of the long-term implications of hearing damage, affinity for music and high self-efficacy were also key variables underlying this health behaviour.
Relationship of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales to changes in articular status and functional performance in patients with psoriatic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) to changes in articular status and functional performance in a group of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS The AIMS was administered to 65 patients attending the University of Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Clinic in 1989 and in 1993. Clinical and laboratory assessments of function, active inflammation, and damage were also performed at these 2 clinic visits. Linear regression analysis was performed to relate changes in the number of actively inflamed joints and number of deformed joints to AIMS measurements, while logistic regression was used to relate the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) functional class and the AIMS scores taken at the 2 clinic visits. RESULTS There were 27 women and 38 men with a mean age of 46 years and arthritis duration of 13 years. Based only on information derived from the AIMS questionnaire, the maximum percentage of variation explained was 21 and 9% for the number of active joints and deformed joints, respectively. The strongest relationship was between the pain component scales measured at the 2 visits and the number of active joints. In all cases the initial clinical value made a significant additional contribution to the regression. CONCLUSION The finding that the AIMS was sensitive to articular changes that occurred in patients over a 4 year period provides further support for the utility of the AIMS as an outcome measure in clinical studies of PsA. However, changes in the AIMS did not capture the full extent of the changes in both articular status and ACR functional class. This suggests that the AIMS and traditional measures of disease activity and function assess somewhat different aspects of clinical status and that it may be beneficial to use both types of measures in monitoring the course of PsA.
Classification of Weddell seal dives based on 3-dimensional movements and video-recorded observations

We classified Weddell seal Leptonychotes weddellii dives based on 58 spatial and tempo- ral variables derived from 3-dimensional movements and assigned functions to the dive classifications based on video-recorded behavior. The variables were measured or calculated from data obtained by attaching a video and data recorder to the backs of 10 adult Weddell seals diving from an isolated ice hole in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Our analysis revealed 4 types of dives. Type 1 dives were inter- mediate in duration (15.0 ± 4.2 min), deep (mean maximum depth = 378 ± 93 m) and had the steepest descent and ascent angles. Video recordings of the seals capturing prey, primarily small Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum, confirmed these were foraging dives. Types 2, 3 and 4 dives formed a continuum from very short, low speed, non-linear dives that were close to the hole (Type 2) to progressively longer, higher speed, very linear dives that ranged as much as 3 km from the hole (Type 4), but remained relatively shallow (<142 m) compared to Type 1 (foraging) dives. Type 2 dives were hypothesized to be related to hole-guarding behavior or the detection of other seals. Type 3 and 4 dives had characteristics suggestive of exploratory behavior. Comparisons with previously published dive classifications that were based on time-depth records showed that some functions attributed to certain dive types by previous researchers were correct, but others were not. This emphasizes the need for behavioral data for correct interpretation of dive profiles and time-depth statistics.
Dynamic Constraint-Based Planning in Trauma Management

This research deals with planning in domains with dynamically changing, multiple, interacting goals. What distinguishes this work from reactive planners (e.g. (Firby 1987)) is the fact that the goals for which planning is done are not known in advance; rather, goals are formed and change rapidly during the planning process itself. Although planners that produce appropriate plans exist for such domains (Rymon et al. 1993), we want a planner that also provides a basis for explaining why some action is chosen over another or why some goal is no longer relevant etc., which is necessary for eeective decision support (Gertner 1994). I am developing an eecient, 3-level, dynamic constraint based planner for one such domain, trauma management. The three levels show how plans are naturally formed in this domain. The top level corresponds to goals, the second level corresponds to the various, alternative procedures that can be used to address these goals, while the third level corresponds to the actions that constitute these procedures. Diierent kinds of constraints are added at each level. For example , urgency constraints (e.g. \shock" must be treated rst) hold between goals, while precedence constraints (e.g. perform IVP before arteriogram) hold at the action level. Constraints at higher levels are inherited by the lower levels. The network is dynamically updated by adding/deleting nodes and/or modifying constraints as goals are created, discarded or achieved. If an action/procedure cannot be done, or a goal cannot be addressed, the corresponding nodes are deactivated, but not removed. Then, if the situation changes later, the nodes are reactivated and again considered during the planning process. This structure, similar to dynamic constraint networks (Dechter et al. 1988), ooers several distinct advantages. First, by maintaining consistency and recording jus-tiications for elimination/selection of actions, easy cri-tiquing is facilitated. Consider a scenario involving, among others, the goals of treating a tension pneu-mothorax (TP) as well as ruling out a pericardial tam-ponade (PT) and a renal injury (RI) in a patient in shock. Urgency constraints are added requiring that TP, RI and PT be addressed before realizing other goals or performing time consuming actions. For treating the TP, a chest tube is the only option. However, making the network consistent and recording justiica-tions not only causes a needle aspiration to be chosen for diagnosing the PT (over the normally preferred but lengthy ultrasound due to urgency constraints), but also enables the system to explain its …
Thinner females and heavier males: who says? A comparison of female to male ideal body sizes across a wide age span.

OBJECTIVE To examine the possibility of a more restrictive thinness standard for females than males across a wide age span. METHOD Ratings of ideal male and female body sizes were elicited from 303 children, 427 adolescents, 261 young adults, and 326 middle-age adults. Line drawings of babies, children, young adults, and middle-age and older adults were portrayed, ranging in size from very thin to very obese. RESULTS Most subjects irrespective of gender selected similar ideal body sizes for males and females in each comparison. Very few consistently selected a thinner female than male ideal size. Young adults were more likely than other groups to prefer thinner females. DISCUSSION The selection of similar thinness standards for both genders is encouraging from a health perspective. However, in all groups, a small bias existed favoring thinner females. This bias may contribute to body concerns in the female population.
[Examination of preschool children for refractive errors. First experience using a handheld autorefractor].

BACKGROUND Since ametropia is a leading cause of amblyopia refractive screening of preschool children is recommended. Measurement of refraction using tabletop autorefractors can be difficult or impossible due to lack of cooperation in this age group. The intention of the present study is to evaluate the use of a new handheld autorefractor for screening in kindergartens. METHODS A total of 216 children aged 3.5-4.5 years were examined without cycloplegia using the handheld autorefractor (SureSight, Welch Allyn) in their kindergartens. RESULTS Using the test device the majority of the examined eyes showed mild hyperopia (on average +1.18+/-0.87 dpt spherical equivalent) and mild astigmatism (on average 0.60+/-0.46 dpt cylinder power). The reproducibility of repeated autorefractor readings was higher for cylinder power and axis than for the spherical equivalent. Autorefractor readings of 55 eyes could be compared with the results of cycloplegic retinoscopy. The results were similar between the two measurements with differences of no more than 0.5 dpt in 18.2% for the spherical equivalent, in 82.1% for cylinder power, and in 66.6% for axis (weighted axis difference). There was adequate cooperation in 99.5% of the children. CONCLUSION The handheld autorefractor proved an accuracy of measurement comparable to that of conventional tabletop autorefractors for cylinder power and axis with limitations in accuracy for the spherical equivalent. Validity and threshold values for relevant abnormalities are to be evaluated in further studies. By the high cooperation rate the instrument proved useful for screening examinations in preschool children.
Relationship between Radiographic Abnormalities of Lumbar Spine and Incidence of Low Back Pain in High School and College Football Players

Background Low back pain is a common presenting symptom among players of American football. In Japan, however, skeletal disorders in football players, including low back problems, have been rarely studied, and management to prevent skeletal disorders has not been established. Study Design An epidemiological study with prospective observation. Methods The authors analyzed the relationship between lumbar spine abnormalities viewed through radiographs taken during the preparticipation physical examination, and the incidence of low back pain during a 1-year period in 171 high school and 742 college football players. Abnormalities assessed were spondylolysis, disc space narrowing, spinal instability, Schmorl's node, balloon disc, and spina bifida occulta. Results High school players with spondylolysis had a higher incidence of low back pain (79.8%) than those with no abnormal radiographic results (37.1%). College players with spondylolysis, disc space narrowing, and spinal instability had a higher incidence of low back pain (80.5%, 59.8%, and 53.5%, respectively) than those with no abnormal radiographs (32.1%), and college players with spondylolysis had a higher incidence of low back pain than those with disc space narrowing and spinal instability. Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that an abnormality such as spondylolysis is the most significant risk factor for low back pain in high school and college football players, and that disc space narrowing and spinal instability are also significant risk factors for low back pain in athletes with greater athletic activity such as college football players.
Falls and Instability in the Elderly

D r Rubenstein Falls and gait instability are among the most serious problems facing the aging population a major cause of mortality, morbidity, immobility, and premature nursing home placement. Many etiologies and risk factors predispose to falls, each requiring an individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approach to minimize likelihood of fall recurrence. In this discussion, two elderly individuals with complex, but fairly typical, fall problems are presented. These are followed by discussions of the epidemiology and common etiologies of falls, recommended diagnostic evaluations for patients following a fall, and more detailed discussion of three of the most important and least well-studied causes of falls: gait instability, muscle weakness, and environmental hazards.
Lymph node ratio and preoperative CA 19-9 levels predict overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

AIM Clinicopathologic factors predicting overall survival (OS) would help identify a subset to benefit from adjuvant therapy. METHODS One hundred and sixty-nine patients patients from 1984 to 2009 with curative resections for pancreatic adenocarcinoma were included. Tumors were staged by American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition criteria. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier methodology or Cox proportional hazard models. Log-rank tests were performed. Statistical inferences were assessed by two-sided 5% significance level. RESULTS Median age was 67.1 (57.2-73.0) years with equal gender distribution. Tumors were in the head (89.3%) or body/tail (10.7%). On univariate analysis, adjuvant therapy, lymph node (LN) ratio, histologic grade, negative margin status, absence of peripancreatic extension, and T stage were associated with improved OS. Adjuvant therapy, LN ratio, histologic grade, number of nodes examined, negative LN status, and absence of peripancreatic extension were associated with improved recurrence-free survival (RFS). On multivariable analysis, LN ratio and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels were associated with OS. LN ratio was associated with RFS. CONCLUSION The LN ratio and CA 19-9 levels are independent prognostic factors following curative resections of pancreatic cancer.
Use of infrared thermography for computation of heating curves and preliminary failure detection in induction motors

This paper proposes a methodology for the computation of the energy balance and heating curves of an induction motor taking as a basis the information provided by the application of the infrared thermography. Moreover, use of infrared thermography data to diagnose rotor bar failures is preliminarily studied. In the paper, a 1.1 kW induction motor is tested. Thermography images of the chassis temperature are captured at each second during the whole startup transient, from standstill till steady-state, by using an infrared camera connected to a laptop computer fitted with an acquisition and analysis program. A model based on the calculation of the heat losses by convection and radiation through the frame of the machine is developed. It uses the geometrical dimensions as well as temperature values obtained from the thermography images. The developed model enables studying any motor configuration and operating conditions by just varying thermal and geometry parameters. Finally, a preliminary study relying on the possible use of Thermography data for diagnosis of rotor failures is carried out. Experimental data corresponding to a healthy machine and a machine with broken bars are analysed and compared. This methodology will be the baseline for further complex failure diagnosis in electric motors.
Noradrenergic neuronal dysregulation in panic disorder: the effects of intravenous yohimbine and clonidine in panic disorder patients

In order to evaluate possible abnormal noradrenergic neuronal functional regulation in patients with panic disorder, the behavioral, biochemical and cardiovascular effects of intravenous yohimbine (0.4 mg/kg) and clonidine (2 μg/kg) were determined in 15 healthy subjects and 38 patients with panic disorder. A subgroup of 24 panic disorder patients were observed to experience yohimbine‐induced panic attacks and had larger yohimbine‐induced increases in plasma 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) than healthy subjects and other panic disorder patients. A blunted growth hormone response to clonidine and a significant clonidine‐induced decrease in plasma MHPG was also observed in this subgroup of panic disorder patients. These data replicate and extend previous investigations, which are consistent with a large body of preclinical and human data relating increased noradrenergic neuronal function to human anxiety and fear states.
Least upper bounds for minimal pairs of α-R.E. α-degrees

The application of priority arguments to study the structure of the upper semilattice of α-r.e. α-degrees for all admissible ordinals α was first done successfully by Sacks and Simpson [5] who proved that there exist incomparable α-r.e. α-degrees. Lerman and Sacks [3] studied the existence of minimal pairs of α-r.e. α-degrees, and proved their existence for all admissible ordinals α which are not refractory. We continue the study of the α-r.e. α-degrees, and prove that no minimal pair of α-r.e. α-degrees can have as least upper bound the complete α-r.e. α-degree. The above-mentioned theorem was first proven for α = ω by Lachlan [1]. Our proof for α = ω differs from Lachlan's in that we eliminate the use of the recursion theorem. The proofs are similar, however, and a knowledge of Lachlan's proof will be of considerable aid in reading this paper. We assume that the reader is familiar with the basic notions or α-recursion theory, which can be found in [2] or [5]. Throughout the paper a will be an arbitrary admissible ordinal. We identify a set A ⊆ α with its characteristic function, A(x) = 1 if x ∈ A, and A(x) = 0 if x ∉ A. If A ⊆ α and B ⊆ α, then A ⊕ B will denote the set defined by A ⊕ B(x) = A(y) if x = λ + 2z, λ is a limit ordinal, z < ω and y = λ + z, = B(y) if x = λ + 2z + 1, λ is a limit ordinal, z < ω, and y = λ + z.
Cluster validation techniques for Bibliographic databases

In entity name disambiguation technique, records of same entity are clustered together. One of the major challenges in such technique is to validate the result as the actual or correct results are often not known or difficult to know. In this context, three commonly known evaluation measures are precision, recall and f-measure. All these indices are external validity indices as they all need gold standard data. But in Bibliographic databases like DBLP, Arnetminer, Scopus, Web of Science etc., obtaining golden standard is very difficult for each entity. So, there is a need to use some other metrics to evaluate the performance on Bibliographic data. In this paper, a novel scheme based on internal validity index is used to evaluate the performance of entity name disambiguation algorithm. Several distance measures are used here to compute the similarity between two records. These functions are then incorporated in the definitions of internal validity indices.