Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continental magmatic underplating

Three arguments based on geological evidence are put forward to support the importance of magmatic underplating processes during continental flood basalt vulcanism. (1) Petrological evidence of gabbro fractionation in erupted basaltic sequences allows estimates to be made of the minimum total mass of concealed cumulate material, which is retained in deep crustal magma chambers, possibly along the Moho, and is comparable in amount to the erupted material. (2) In the Karoo province (southern Africa) large volumes of rhyolite along the S.E. continental margin were generated from basaltic precursors, either as partial melts of alreadyemplaced solid basic material or as crystal fractionation products of large volumes of basic magma. In either case very substantial volumes of concealed basic rocks are at least locally implied. (3) Studies of geomorphology suggest that the area of the Karoo province experienced at least 1 km of permanent uplift associated with the vulcanism. This appears to be the consequence of the emplacement of an underplated gabbroic layer ca. 5km thick.
Isolation of FC3-11, a bacteriophage specific for the Klebsiella pneumoniae porin OmpK36, and its use for the isolation of porin-deficient mutants

FC3-11, a bacteriophage specific for the Klebsiella pneumoniae porin OmpK36, was isolated by its ability to infect Escherichia coli strains expressing the cloned OmpK36 porin. Porin OmpK36 was shown to be the receptor for phage FC3-11 by the observations that K. pneumoniae and E. coli strains that do not express OmpK36 were resistant to phage FC3-11, the purified porin inactivated the phage, and mutants selected for FC3-11 resistance had lost OmpK36. The outer membrane protein OmpK35 was isolated from a K. pneumoniae phage-resistant mutant by using porin isolation methods and was shown to contain an N-terminal sequence typical of enterobacterial porins. Bacteriophage FC3-11, alone or in combination with previously described lipopolysaccharide-specific phages, is a valuable tool to obtain OmpK36-porinless mutants.Key words: Klebsiella pneumoniae, porins, bacteriophage.
The Interaction Between Pre-Laying Behaviour and Feeding in Hens: Implications for Motivation

While considerable research has been undertaken on the hormonal basis of pre-laying behaviour of domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus), less is known about how the behaviour is initiated and about how changes in this behaviour occur. Two experiments were conducted to investigate aspects of the interaction of pre-laying behaviour with feeding motivation. Experiment 1 examined the effect of the absence of food. Pre-laying behaviour was observed in 20 laying hens either with or without food available. The duration of pre-laying behaviour was longer when deprived of food for short or long periods of time than for hens with access to food. The time of oviposition, however, appeared unchanged suggesting that motivation for pre-laying behaviour is initially increasing and that it competes with feeding behaviour for expression when food is available. Experiment 2 examined the effect of food in the absence of deprivation. The food of 17 hens was topped up at various intervals before oviposition. Contrary to expectation the delay in oviposition was greater (24 minutes) if food was presented closer to the expected oviposition (2 minutes) than if it was earlier (12 minutes before oviposition, which caused a delay of 12 minutes). When interrupted close to oviposition, most birds repeated part of the searching phase of pre-laying behaviour (7 minutes of searching as opposed to 3 minutes). It is concluded that a hypothesis based on competition between motivational systems offers a good predictor for the start of pre-laying behaviour, but not for the duration of interruption later in the pre-laying behaviour sequence.
The symbiotic shrimp Ascidonia flavomaculata lives solitarily in the tunicate Ascidia mentula: implications for its mating system

Symbiotic crustaceans are expected to live solitarily with their hosts when members of their host species are small (relative to symbiont body size) and structurally simple. We tested the hypothesis of a solitary lifestyle in Ascidonia flavomaculata, a symbiotic shrimp that inhabits the branchial chamber of the relatively small and structurally simple tunicate Ascidia mentula in the subtidal zone of the Islas Baleares, Spain. We found that members of A. flavomaculata dwell as solitary individuals in the branchial chamber of ascidians at a higher frequency than expected by chance alone. Given this host use pattern of A. flavomaculata, we hypothesized that males actively move among host individuals in search of receptive females. We provide several lines of evidence consistent with that hypothesis. First, a positive correlation between shrimp and host body size was detected for females, but not for males, during one of the sampling seasons. If males as well as females spend long periods of time within their host individuals, a positive correlation between shrimp and host body size should have been found for both males and females. Second, the body sizes of individuals in the few male-female pairs observed during this study were poorly correlated. If males of A. flavomaculata shared their host individuals with females for long periods of time, a positive correlation between the sizes of males and females in a pair should have been found. Lastly, the body sizes of paired males were larger than those of solitary males during summer, when reproduction was more intense. This difference in body size between paired and solitary males additionally suggests competition among putatively roaming males for receptive females. Manipulative experiments and behavioral observations are necessary to reveal the details of the mating system of A. flavomaculata and other symbiotic crustaceans with a solitary lifestyle.
The Effect of Photoperiod and Temperature on Reproduction in Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) and on the Forms produced

The effect of photoperiod and temperature on the production of the various forms of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) has been studied. In this study apterous virginoparous females were exposed throughout their lifetime to two photoperiods (8 hr./24 hr. and 16 hr./24 hr.) and six different temperatures. At each of the temperatures the apterae (parent Aphids) received one of four treatments of photoperiod, i.e., (1) 8 hr. /24 hr. photoperiod throughout their whole life; (2) 8 hr. /24 hr. photoperiod during the period from birth until the last (imaginal) moult (nymphal period), followed by 16 hr. /24 hr. photoperiod from the last (imaginal) moult until death (the adult period); (3) 16 hr. /24 hr. throughout life; (4) 16 hr. /24 hr. during the nymphal period followed by 8 hr. /24 hr. during the adult period. The offspring produced by the various parents were collected at successive intervals, and their form determined. Four main forms of offspring were produced: apterous and alate virginoparae, males and oviparae. In addition, a subsidiary form of the apterous virginoparae was obtained, which had sensoria on the hind tibiae.
SOME RESULTS OF LABELING ON BROOM GRAPH

A Broom Graph B n,d is a graph of n vertices, which have a path P with d vertices and (n-d) pendant vertices, all of these being adjacent to either the origin u or the terminus v of the path P. Here we consider various labeling on Broom graph such as Cordial labeling, Antimagic labeling and b-coloring.
Influence of Temperature Manipulation during the Last 4 Days of Incubation on Hatching Results, Post-Hatching Performance and Adaptability to Warm Growing Conditions in Broiler Chickens

Two incubation and two growing trials were carried out. A total of 1000 (Trial 1) and 1897 (Trial 2) eggs of the ROSS (308) strain were incubated from d 1 to 17 under normal conditions and from d 18 until hatch as follows: 37.2 to 37.4°C (control), 38.2 to 38.4°C for 24h daily (chronic warm incubated) and 38.2 to 38.4°C for 2h daily (short term warm stimulated). In incubation Trial 2, the chickens were sorted by sex. Chick quality was analysed by the Pasgar score. In the 35 day growing Trial 1, a total of 240 one day old chickens and in Trial 2 a total of 120 male and 120 female chickens from all incubation groups were kept at 34°C at d 1 and 2, and from d 3 up to the age of 35 days, at 32°C. The results of the two incubation trials showed that chronic or short-term increase in incubation temperature at the end of incubation did not diminish hatchability and chick quality. The data indicates different effects of chronic and short-term warm incubation as well as warm growing conditions on the performance of female and male broiler chickens. Female chickens seem to be better adapted to warm growing conditions and show a higher tendency in performance parameters (feed intake, body weight gain, and body weight) during the final growing period. In male chickens exclusively chronic warm-incubation leads to a lowered daily feed intake in the final growing period which results in the lowest fattening weight of 1332g per animal (control: 1476g, short term warm incubated: 1482g). A lower feed intake decreases the bodily heat production and can help to minimize heat stress. At slaughtering (Trial 2), the percentages of breast meat, liver, heart, stomach, spleen and fat showed no statistical difference between the groups or sexes.
Two New Digenean Trematodes from New Zealand freshwater fishes

Abstract Two new trematode species, Deretrema philippae and Coitocaecum zealandicum, are described from New Zealand freshwater fishes. Deretrema philippae (from Galaxias divergens Stokell, 1959) is atypical of the genus in the lack of a prepharynx but closely resembles the genus in other respects. It is similar to D. minutum Manter, 1954, but D. minutum differs in the smaller size, presence of a prepharynx, anterior spination and fewer vitelline follicles. Both species are similar in their oocurrence in freshwater fishes. Coitocaecum, zealandicum (from Cheimarrichthys forsteri Haast, 1874) closely resembles C. gymnophallum Nicoll, 1915 and C. glandulosum Yamaguti, 1934 but differs from the former in the shape of the cirrus sac, the larger vitelline reservoir, and less anterior extension of the vitelline follicles; it differs from the latter in the absence of glands in the neck region.
Voltage reduction field test on a distribution substation

This paper highlights the relationship between power demand and voltage level on the distribution network. It shows how a small change in voltage with existing assets delivers a very meaningful response in power demand and in energy consumption. A 24 hour field trial at a utility without any experience with Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) is described. CVR effects are assessed by a combined comparison-regression method resulting in at least 9.42MWh energy saved during the test, equivalent to the consumption of 848 households in the region. The energy savings achievable within the network under this study have been characterized and the attainable yearly savings on the Canary Islands distribution networks, are on the whole estimated.
Spatial and temporal rainfall variability in the Sahel and its effects on farmers' management strategies

The variability in rainfall in semi-arid Niger is great both spatially and temporally and is considered to be one of the most limiting factors in agriculture. To investigate these constraints more quantitatively, climate data at both survey and detailed scale were analysed. The results show that rainfall can vary considerably even within a few kilometres distance and on different time scales which means that crop yields are very unpredictable. Socio-economic surveys at two villages showed that smallholders have adapted a range of management strategies to ensure at least a minimum yield. Despite this, soil fertility is declining and further technologies need to be integrated into farming systems to make them sustainable.
NUTRITIONAL STUDIES OF TWO RED ALGAE. I. GROWT RATE AS A FUNCTION OF NITROGEN SOURCE AND CONCENTRATION 1

Gracilaria foliifera (Forsskal) Borgesen and Neoagardhiella bailiyi (Harvey ex Kiitzing) Wynne & Taylor were grown in continuous‐flow culture under controlled environmental conditions in 15 liter experimental chambers. Growth rate was related to the source and concentration of nitrogen enrichment supplied to the plants, Growth rate appeared to follow saturation‐type nutrient uptake kinetics for plants receiving ammonium, nitrate, urea of sewage effluent enrichments. Ammonium enrichment produced higher growth rates than nitrate of sewage enrichment. The lowest growth rates occurred in the chambers receiving unenriched seawater or urea. The low estimated constants (K) for growth were in the range of 0.2–0.4 (M N for all N enrichments examined. The low estimated values of K compare closely with those found for microalgae and indicate that both species possess the ability to utilize very low concentrations of N.
Material-Oriented Musical Interaction

This paper lays out a particular approach to engaging with musical instruments and creative tools more generally, referred to here as material-oriented interaction . This approach is typiﬁed by a view of the tool as a site for exploration and the development of ideas, as opposed to being a transparent medium through which pre-existing ideas are realised. Adopting a material-oriented approach highlights the signiﬁcance of unpredictable elements in creative interactions. This approach is discussed in relation to free improvisation — an area of music that exempliﬁes the material-oriented perspective — and then related to related concepts in HCI such as Ludic Design, Reﬂective Design and Reﬂection-in-Action.
EFFECT OF THERMOPHILIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ON THE FATE OF ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII DURING PROCESSING AND STORAGE OF PLAIN YOGURT

Survival and growth of Enterobacter sakazakii during processing and storage of plain yogurt were investigated. Preheated rehydrated milk was inoculated with a cocktail culture of E. sakazakii (103 cfu/mL of milk) and/or with thermophilic yogurt starter culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus. The inoculated milk was incubated at 40C for 5 h, then the samples were cooled and subsequently stored at 4C for up to 7 days. The results showed that E. sakazakii grew at an early stage of fermentation but declined at the end of the process. There was no significant difference between the populations of E. sakazakii in the presence or absence of lactic acid bacteria during the first 4 h of the incubation period but there was significant difference during the last hour of the incubation period. The populations of E. sakazakii decreased significantly during cooling and storage of yogurt (pH 4.2−4.7) compared with nonfermented milk samples at 4C. The presence of E. sakazakii did not have a significant effect on the growth of LAB during fermentation and storage of yogurt. The results obtained from this study indicate that the pH of yogurt and storage temperature were critical to the survival and growth of E. sakazakii in the manufacture of plain yogurt. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Enterobacter sakazakii prevalence in milk products and the production environment has been documented. The results obtained from this study may be of use to dairy producers to manufacture safe products using thermophilic lactic acid bacteria. These bacteria decreased the pH of milk in less than 5 h, resulting in E. sakazakii reduction. pH of yogurt during the fermentation process is a critical control point that should be monitored to produce safe products.
An ω-3 fatty acid enriched chia diet: Influence on egg fatty acid composition, cholesterol and oil content

Twenty-four Issa Brown laying hens were fed for 4 wk for the purpose of comparing a control diet with a diet containing 30% whole chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds. Egg weight and production, cholesterol content, total fat content, and fatty acid composition of the yolks were determined weekly. Sensory evaluation was conducted on eggs from the final week of the trial. Egg production was significantly (P < 0.05) greater for the control, although individual egg weights were not significantly different. No statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in yolk fat content was found between treatments. Saturated palmitic fatty acid content of yolks was significantly (P < 0.05) less with the chia diet, with a 35% difference found at the end of the trial. Polyunsaturated, ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acid was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in yolks from the chia diet, and increased from 0 to 14.7% by the end of the trial. Chia improved the saturated:polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in the yolks, compared to the cont.
Heritability and Phenotypic Variation of Tolerance to Phytophthora Root Rot of Soybean

The most destructive fungal disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] is Phytophthora root rot. The most common method of protecting soybean from Phytophthora root rot utilizes specific resistance genes, but continuous selection pressure exerted on the pathogen frequently causes resistance genes in soybean to become ineffective. Infected plants which exhibit tolerance often yield nearly as well as uninfected resistant plants and prevent the buildup of races capable of overcoming resistance genes. Experiments were initiated to obtain information concerning the genetics of tolerance to Phytophthora root rot, The objectives were to: (i) compare parent-offspring regression, correlation, and realized heritability estimates of tolerance, (ii) compare heritability and phenotypic variation among single-, three-way, and double-cross populations, and (iii) correlate non-infected yields with tolerance and maturity. Ten F 3:4 populations were screened for tolerance in the F, and F 4 generations by the inoculum layer method. Heritability estimates were low, ranging from 0.17 to -0.10 when obtained through parent-offspring regression. These estimates were not separable from zero because of the magnitude of their standard errors. Parent-offspring correlation estimates were larger than parent-offspring regression estimates, and ranged from 0.43 to 0.19. Realized heritability was estimated by selecting the 20% highest and lowest tolerant lines within each population. These results were generally larger, ranging from 0.80 to -0.13, and suggested that relatively high tolerant lines may be identified through selection. The number of parents composing a population did not influence heritability or phenotypic variation within populations. Most correlations among yield, tolerance, and maturity were non-significant. Tolerance levels within populations should not vary with maturity. The inoculum layer method may not be sensitive enough to allow accurate screening of germplasm with low tolerance levels.
The IGBT Device: Physics, Design and Applications of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

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Assessment of the usefulness of imaging studies and biomarkers in the activity of Crohn’s disease

Aim The aim of the study was to determine the suitability of available diagnostic methods, by means of comparison, for predicting disease activity, based on cost efficiency and sensitivity criteria. Material and methods In this study, we conducted analyses of 37 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). CD was graded as “active” or “inactive” by adopting certain cut-off values for every marker. The main assumption was that methods used to grade CD severity do not give false positive results. The authors decided to measure the agreement between the methods by applying Cohen’s κ coefficient. Results Endoscopy shows the highest sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy in detecting CD. In the case of both intestines, the sensitivity of endoscopy reached 93.9% and the accuracy 94.6%, while the sensitivity and accuracy of enterography and calprotectin were 51.5% vs. 71,9% and 56.8% vs. 72.2%, respectively. For the large intestine, the sensitivity and accuracy of endoscopy reached 100%. For the small intestine, endoscopy had 55% sensitivity and 75% accuracy, while enterography showed only 66.7% and 81.1%, respectively. The best agreement (77.1%, p = 0.005) was seen between endoscopy and calprotectin for full intestines. However, the value of Cohen’s κ suggests that this agreement is moderate. The optimal cut-off value for calprotectin was 43 µg/g, and the ROC curve (AUC = 0.871) was large enough to conclude that calprotectin is a statistically significant (p < 0.001) indicator of CD activity. Conclusions Statistically significant compliance was shown only between colonoscopy and faecal calprotectin.
Stimulation of glycolysis through lactate consumption in a resting cell mixture of Streptococcus salivarius and Veillonella parvula

Travaux dans le cadre de l'etude des ecosystemes de la cavite buccale. Le lactate produit par le streptocoque est utilise par teillonella ce qui stimule l'efflux de lactate conduisant a l'augmentation des phosphorylations au niveaux du substrat
MACROECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF INDIA’S

Borrowing by individuals for different purposes such as acquiring assets, consumption, purchasing consumer goods and for education are considered as household debt. Individuals borrow from banks, other financial institutions, relatives and friends (Box). While borrowing from banks and financial institutions can either be secured or unsecured, money borrowed from relatives and friends is generally unsecured. Borrowing helps households to improve their income or standard of living by allowing them to smoothen consumption/investment over time. Thus, borrowing for consumption as well as investment by the households can augment economic activity. However, household debt beyond a threshold level could be vulnerable for the financial system and the individual. For example, individuals can default on loans in case of income/job loss; individuals can default when the price of the asset they use as collateral decreases because they will be paying a higher loan relative to the market value; or individuals could spend a lower amount of money on goods and services. Harari (2017) pointed out that a high level of household debt could lead to a reduction in consumer spending other than posing risks to the financial system such as the sub-prime mortgage crisis in the U.S. in 2008.