Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Desnutrición y desarrollo infantil: evaluación de factores de riesgo ambientales y de historia de salud 1 Undernourishment and child development: evaluation of environmental and health history risk factors

RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto de variables relativas a la historia de salud infantil y a las condiciones sociodemograficas familiares y de practica alimentaria, como factores de riesgo para la desnutricion y el estancamiento en el desarrollo de ninos en edad de alimentacion complementaria. Participo una muestra de 134 diadas cuidador-nino de dos comunidades con distinto indice de riesgo de desnutricion. Los datos se presentan en razones de momios e intervalos de confianza para cuatro medidas de nutricion y desarrollo, y un analisis logistico condicional para estimar la significancia de cada factor. Los resultados muestran que la desnutricion leve y moderada ocurre en una elevada proporcion, siendo la escolaridad basica de los padres el factor de mayor riesgo sobre los indicadores de estado nutricio, en tanto que el bajo peso para la edad, la condicion de hijo primogenito y una dieta inadecuada constituyen un mayor riesgo para el desarrollo psicomotriz. Estos hallazgos indican efectos conjuntos de los factores ambientales organizados en los diferentes niveles. Palabras clave: Desnutricion; Factores de riesgo; Bajo peso; Desarrollo infantil.
Interferometer design of the KAGRA gravitational wave detector

KAGRA is a cryogenic interferometric gravitational-wave detector being constructed at the underground site of Kamioka mine in Gifu prefecture, Japan. We performed an optimization of the interferomter design, to achieve the best sensitivity and a stable operation, with boundary conditions of classical noises and under various practical constraints, such as the size of the tunnel or the mirror cooling capacity. Length and alignment sensing schemes for the robust control of the interferometer are developed. In this paper, we describe the detailed design of the KAGRA interferometer as well as the reasoning behind design choices.
El impacto económico de la innovación: 10 razones por las que innovar

Hace mas de 10 anos comenzo la apuesta europea por la innovacion con el Consejo Europeo de Lisboa (2000) que senalo ya entonces como objetivo estrategico lograr ser la ‘economia basada en el conocimiento’ mas competitiva y dinamica del mundo. Sin embargo, hubo que esperar hasta 2006 para hallar signos de asimilacion de la importancia de la innovacion, a 2009 para corroborar el progreso que habia supuesto y, a 2010 para que fuese declarada elemento central estrategico y medio para salir de la crisis. Este interes por la innovacion ha sido expresado por otros organismos internacionales de reconocido prestigio como la Organizacion para la Cooperacion y el Desarrollo Economico, que no solo ha puesto de manifiesto “lo necesaria que es la innovacion como una forma de proporcionar nuevas soluciones” sino que ha senalado que es “un medio para resolver problemas mundiales y sociales” (OCDE, 2010) en la actual situacion de crisis mundial. Por esto mismo, la innovacion es un tema prioritario a escala mundial y es considera factor clave para el crecimiento de un pais. Disponer de informacion que proporcione datos (indicadores) con que medir el rendimiento de la innovacion se ha convertido en una prioridad que se ve reflejada en la necesidad de medir el impacto economico de la innovacion. Este es el objetivo final de este ensayo: mostrar al lector que el interes despertado por la innovacion se debe a que no es un fin en si misma sino que es el medio a traves del cual se puede obtener ventajas competitivas y sostenibles en el tiempo que permitan crecer, en esta situacion de elevada competencia y cambio continuo.
Oral and post-oral factors controlling energy balance in GF rodents

Mes etudes ont pour but d'examiner les alterations metaboliques et comportementales dans des modeles de souris axeniques. Nous avons demontre que les souris axeniques presentent une augmentation de preference et d'acceptation des solutions sucrees. Cette augmentation est correlee a des changements des niveaux d'expression des recepteurs du gout sucre au niveau de l'epithelium lingual et la muqueuse intestinale; T1R2, T1R3, et le transporteur de glucose SGLT-1. De plus, elles ont une preference pour des fortes concentrations de saccharose comparees aux souris normales. Cet effet est associe a une augmentation des niveaux d'expression de T1R3 et SGLT-1 dans l'intestin. Nous avons etudie si cette augmentation de consommation de sucre etait similaire a celle de acide gras, etaye les effets d'une consommation des lipides sur les niveaux d'expression des recepteurs des acides gras "CD36" au niveau de l'epithelium lingual et la muqueuse intestinale ainsi que les niveaux d'expression et de secretion des peptides intestinales a vocation satietogene chez les souris axeniques comparees aux souris normales. En effet, nous avons demontre que les souris axeniques affichent une consommation accrue et une preference pour les acides gras a des fortes et faibles concentrations respectivement. Ces changements etaient associes a une diminution des niveaux d'expression des detecteurs gustatifs de gras (GPRs), des faibles taux d'expression et de secretion des peptides intestinales, une augmentation d'expression du recepteur des acides gras au niveau de l'epithelium lingual et une augmentation des taux circulants des acides gras. Ces modifications peuvent constituer des mecanismes d'adaptation a l'etat energetique appauvri des souris axeniques. Nous avons essaye de savoir si ces alterations etaient presentes chez le rat depourvu axenique. En effet, nous avons constate que les rats axeniques presentent un niveau similaire ou eleve de la masse grasse, avec une diminution de la lipogenese et une augmentation de l'adipogenese expliquant l'hyperphagie du tissu adipeux. En resume, nous avons demontre que l'absence du microbiote intestinal chez la souris conduit a une augmentation de l'apport energetique en augmentant la consommation de sucres et de gras. Ces effets sont associes a des alterations orales et post-orales des niveaux d'expressions des detecteurs gustatifs tandis que le microbiote intestinal du rat F344 ne joue pas un role central dans l'adiposite
Telomerase activity and in situ telomerase RNA expression in malignant and non-malignant lymph nodes.

AIMS/BACKGROUND: Telomerase, an enzyme associated with cellular immortality, is expressed by most malignant tumours, but is inactive in normal somatic cells except for male germ cells and proliferating stem cells. Thus, the measurement of telomerase activity in tissue samples may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information. The aim of this study was to determine whether telomerase expression is useful for the detection of occult malignant cells in lymph nodes. METHODS: Telomerase activity was compared with histological findings in 123 surgically removed lymph nodes submitted for routine or frozen section diagnosis. Telomerase activity was measured using a modified, semi-quantitative PCR-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). The assay was adapted for single 5 microns OCT embedded cryostat sections. In either fresh tissues or cryostat sections, normalised activity was linear when compared with protein concentration. Furthermore, using an in situ hybridisation method, the human telomerase RNA (hTR) component was measured in a subset of negative and positive nodes. RESULTS: Most (96%) of the 97 histologically negative nodes expressed low levels of activity (mean value of positive samples = 3.0 units/microgram protein) which may be derived from activated lymphocytes that express telomerase activity. All 26 malignant nodes (17 metastases, nine lymphomas) expressed telomerase (mean value = 17.8 units/microgram protein). The rank order levels between the two groups differed significantly (p = 0.0002). In situ results showed clearly that the hTR was expressed relatively highly in metastatic cancer cells and at lower levels in germinal centres of secondary follicles. CONCLUSIONS: Although expression of telomerase by activated lymphocytes may limit its usefulness, measurement of enzyme activity combined with detection of hTR using in situ hybridisation may assist in the histopathological diagnosis of lymph nodes.
Angiostrongylus schmidti sp. n. (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) from the rice rat, Oryzomys palustris, in Florida, with a key to the species of Angiostrongylus Kamensky, 1905.

Angiostrongylus schmidti sp. n. , from the the pulmonary arteries of Oryzomys palustris in Florida, can be distinguished from A. tateronae and A. sandarsae by its shorter spicules (215 to 279 ,u) and larger ventroventral rays. A key is given to the species of the genus Angiostrongylus. During a study of the helminth parasites of the rice rat, Oryzomys palustris (Harlan), in north-central Florida, an undescribed species of metastrongylid lungworm was found in the pulmonary arteries. The nematode occurred in six of 53 rats trapped from Paynes Prairie, Alachua County, Florida, and three of 55 rice rats trapped near Cedar Key, Levy County, Florida. The rats were collected in the months of April through August 1970. Following the opinions of Dougherty (1946) and Alicata (1968), the new species is included in the genus Angiostrongylus, despite the presence of a gubernaculum. Only three species of Angiostrongylus have been previously described from North America: A. gubernaculatus Dougherty, 1946, from the badger and striped skunk, and A. blarini Ogren, 1954, and A. michiganensis Ash, 1967, from shrews. This species is named in honor of Dr. Gerald D. Schmidt, in recognition of his contributions to helminth taxonomy. Unless otherwise indicated, all measurements are in microns. Drawings were made with the aid of a Bausch and Lomb microprojector. Angiostrongylus schmidti sp. n. (Figs. 1-5)
Total ionized serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis

Twenty-one patients with severe coccidioidomycosis, including eight with osseous lesions, were admitted to the University of California, Davis, Medical Center, during a recent epidemic. Transient mild ionized hypercalcemia occurred in only two patients, and a tendency toward low normal ionized calciums was noted. Parathyroid hormone levels appeared to be appropriate for the ionized calcium in these patients. There were no significant differences in ionized calcium levels of parathyroid hormone levels among patients with and without osseous coccidioidomycosis. We conclude that hypercalcemia is rare in coccidioidomycosis, even with extensive bony involvement. (Am J Med Sci 1981; 281(2):97–99. )
Summarization by Domain Ontology Navigation

A summary is a concise description that reflects the essence of a subject. A text, a collection of text documents, or a query answer can be summarized by simple means such as an automatically generated list of the most frequent words or “advanced” by a meaningful natural language description of the subject. In between these two extremes, conceptual summaries encompass selected concepts derived using background knowledge. We address in this paper an approach where conceptual summaries are provided through a conceptualization as given by an ontology. The ontology guiding the summarization can be a simple taxonomy or a generative domain ontology. A domain ontology can be provided by a preanalysis of a domain corpus and can be used to condense improved summaries that better reflects the conceptualization of a given domain.
Functional interactions in internal translation initiation directed by viral and cellular IRES elements.

IP: 54.70. 40.11 On: Thu, 25 Oct 2018 04:50:09 Journal of General Virology (2001), 82, 973–984. Printed in Great Britain .
Fetal and Maternal Amino Acid Concentrations During Fasting in the Ewe

The present investigation was undertaken to quantitate the whole-blood amino acid concentrations of the mother and fetus over an extended period of fasting using a chronic sheep preparation. Fetal amino acid levels generally increased or remained relatively high during the fast (e.g., alanine, glycine, valine, leucine). In contrast to the situation in the fetus, most amino acids (alanine, glycine, glutamine, serine, and threonine) decreased in concentration in the ewe with fasting. Alanine levels changed most dramatically in the ewe, decreasing to less than 50% of the fed state values within 72 h of fasting. Therefore, while the supply of gluconeogenic amino acids becomes limited within the maternal circulation during fasting, levels of these amino acids remain high or increase in the fetal arterial blood.
Infertility Treatment for HIV-Positive Women

Thanks to antiretroviral combination therapy, HIV-infected individuals live longer, healthier lives and may wish to have children. Women with HIV can attempt to conceive naturally or through simple self-insemination to minimize the risk of horizontal HIV transmission. Assisted reproduction technology is necessary in couples with infertility, which can either be independent of HIV infection and its treatment or be associated with it. This article summarizes the latest evidence regarding the desire for a child in HIV-positive women and how HIV infection and its treatment may impact female fertility. Current data regarding access to and outcomes of assisted conception programs in HIV-positive women wishing to conceive in both high- and low-income countries is also reviewed.
Social influences on morphine conditioned place preference

Social defeat in dominant male rats has previously been shown to result in a loss of rank, together with decreased consumption of a palatable sucrose solution, suggestive of a decrease in hedonic tone. The present study further investigated the effect of defeat on hedonic capacity using the conditioned place preference paradigm. Stable dominance hierarchies were determined in pairs of male PVG rats by repeated observation of agonistic behaviour at the onset of the dark phase of the dark-light cycle. Dominant animals and singly housed animals were then subjected to defeat by a male of the aggressive Tryon Maze Dull (TMD) strain, either 1 (singly housed animals only) 3 or 7 days prior to the first conditioning session. Each animal was tested for place conditioning with morphine (1 mg/kg i.p.) using one rewarded and one non-rewarded conditioning trial. In this paradigm, dominant animals as well as singly housed animals showed an increase in time spent in the drug-associated side but their submissive partners did not. Three days following the defeat of a dominant animal by a TMD, place conditioning to morphine was absent in the defeated animals, but was now present in their submissive partners. Seven days following defeat, conditioning was absent in defeated animals that were now submissive, but present in defeated animals that had maintained their dominant status. In isolated animals, place conditioning was absent 1 day following defeat, but was present 3 and 7 days post-defeat. These findings suggest that morphine-induced place conditioning is influenced by both the experience of defeat and the effects of defeat on social status.
Les véhicules électrifiés réduiront-ils les émissions de carbone ?

La capacite des vehicules electrifies (VE) a diminuer les emissions de gaz a effet de serre (GES) est sujette a debat. De nombreuses etudes fondent le calcul des emissions kilometriques des VE sur le contenu carbone de l'electricite contemporaine. Nous proposons une evaluation qui mobilise une vision coherente de l'evolution du systeme energetique dans lequel les VE doivent s'inserer. Nous utilisons un modele de simulation prospective pour produire des scenarios contrastes de l'evolution du contenu carbone de l'electricite europeenne. Cet exercice suggere que si l'Europe choisit de mettre en place des politiques climatiques destinees a reduire drastiquement ses emissions de GES, le contenu carbone de l'electricite va diminuer rapidement, prolongeant sur le long terme l'avantage actuel des VE sur les vehicules classiques en termes d'emissions par kilometre. A long terme, l'electrification des vehicules est pertinente dans toutes les regions du monde.
Betriebliche Bündnisse für Arbeit in Deutschland: Mitbestimmung und Flächentarif im Wandel

In den neunziger Jahren hat sich in deutschen Unternehmen ein neuer Vereinbarungstyp etabliert: das betriebliche Bundnis fur Arbeit. Mit ihm treffen Betriebsparteien Masnahmen zur Sicherung von Beschaftigung und Wettbewerbsfahigkeit. Im Zentrum stehen die Senkung der Arbeitskosten und die Flexibilisierung der Arbeitsbedingungen. Von traditionellen Betriebsvereinbarungen unterscheidet sich ein betriebliches Bundnis dadurch, dass auch Themen verhandelt werden, die nach den Bestimmungen des Betriebsverfassungsgesetzes nicht der Mitbestimmung unterliegen, sondern dem Direktionsrecht der Unternehmensleitung oder der Regulierung durch die Tarifparteien. Die Spielraume geltender Flachentarifvertrage werden genutzt, gedehnt und manchmal auch uberschritten. Das Buch untersucht betriebliche Bundnisse in 120 deutschen Grosunternehmen und analysiert ihren Beitrag zum Wandel der Arbeitsbeziehungen in Deutschland. Gezeigt wird, wie sich das ursprunglich US-amerikanische Phanomen des Concession Bargaining in deutschen Unternehmen etablierte und unter dem Einfluss der nationalen Institutionen der Arbeitsbeziehungen wandelte. Das Buch beschreibt die Entstehung und Erscheinungsformen betrieblicher Pakte in deutschen Industrieunternehmen und legt dar, wie und warum der neue Vereinbarungstyp seit Mitte der neunziger Jahre in den privatisierten Infrastrukturunternehmen ubernommen wurde. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt den Folgen fur die betriebliche Mitbestimmung und das Flachentarifvertragssystem. Das Buch zeigt, dass mit den betrieblichen Pakten eine schleichende Erweiterung der betrieblichen Mitbestimmung um das Themenfeld der Investitionsentscheidungen stattgefunden hat, wodurch neue Herausforderungen und Konfliktfelder fur Betriebsrate entstehen. Obwohl die Bundnisse den Trend zur Dezentralisierung im System der Arbeitsbeziehungen verstarken, haben sie den Fortbestand des Flachentarifs bisher nicht grundsatzlich in Frage gestellt.
Social scent marks do not improve avoidance of parasites in foraging bumblebees

SUMMARY Foraging is a result of innate and acquired mechanisms, and is optimized in order to increase fitness. During foraging, an animal faces many threats, such as predation and infection. The uptake of parasites and diseases while foraging is common and an individual should be adapted to detect and avoid such threats, using cues from either the abiotic environment or the parasite. Social animals possess an additional cue to detect such contaminated food sources: information provided by conspecifics. Bumblebees avoid contaminated flowers, but the cues used by the bees to distinguish contamination remain unknown. Under controlled laboratory conditions, we tested the use of scent marks derived from other foragers in choosing between a contaminated (by Crithidia bombi) and an uncontaminated flower. As a positive control we tested the bee's choice between two flowers, one scented with geraniol and containing a highly rewarding sugar solution, and the other not scented and containing a poorer reward. The bees mainly chose the uncontaminated and the rewarding scented flowers. Scent marks did not increase the efficiency of the bumblebees in choosing the better flower. The bees from both experiments behaved similarly, showing that the main and most relevant cue used to choose the uncontaminated flower is the odour from the parasite itself. The adaptation of bumblebees to avoid flowers contaminated by C. bombi arose from the long-term host–parasite interaction between these species. This strong adaptation results in an innate behaviour of bees and a detection and aversion of the odour of contaminated flower nectar.
Subwavelength detection of terahertz radiation using GaAs HEMTs

We have designed and fabricated THz detectors based on excitation and rectification of radiation induced overdamped THz plasmons in InGaAs/GaAs HEMT structures. These plasma wave detectors were used to image the beam profile of THz gas laser operating at 1.63 THz with FWHM of 140 µm. The images were recorded with deep sub-wavelength spatial resolution. This allowed to resolve a sub-wavelength shifts in the detected THz responses from adjacent transistors with equivalent separation distances of 12 µm and 30 µm. Our results motivate the utilization of plasma wave detectors for near-field terahertz imaging and suggest the possibility of designing focal plane arrays with subwavelength pixel pitch.
Chester Step Test in Patients With COPD: Reliability and Correlation With Pulmonary Function Test Results

BACKGROUND: The 5-stage Chester step test assesses aerobic capacity in healthy subjects. It has not been tested in patients with COPD. OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability of the Chester step test in patients with COPD and correlation with pulmonary function test and exercise test results. METHODS: Thirty-two patients (mean ± SD FEV1 46 ± 15% of predicted) undertook 2 Chester step tests and two 6-min walk tests, on different days, in random order. A subgroup of 11 patients performed incremental cycle ergometry. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients performed stage 1 of the Chester step test. Nineteen patients performed stage 2 of the Chester step test. The number of steps was highly reproducible: 66 ± 41 steps vs 68 ± 41 steps. There was no difference in heart rate or SpO2 between the 2 Chester step tests at the peak of exercise or at the end of each stage. There was a significant correlation between number of steps and FEV1 (r = 0.43, P = .02), and 6-min walk distance (r = 0.60, P = .001). Heart rate increased according to advanced stages of the Chester step test, up to 81 ± 13% of predicted. There was a significant correlation between number of steps and peak heart rate (r = 0.55, P = .001). In the 11 patients who performed the incremental cycling test there was a significant correlation between number of steps and peak work load (r = 0.69, P = .02). In the 6 patients in whom oxygen uptake could be estimated from the Chester step test, oxygen uptake was higher than that measured at the peak of the cycling test (30.8 ± 5.1 mL/kg/min vs 17.4 ± 4.5 mL/kg/min, respectively, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite being highly reproducible, the Chester step test had a very short duration in patients with COPD. The number of steps incremented in each stage seems to be too large for these patients. An adaptation of the Chester step test should be considered for patients with COPD.