Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of novel kappa opioid peptide receptor agonists on learning and memory in rats

Kappa opioid peptide receptors (KOPrs) are a class of opioid receptors which shown analgesic and anti-addictive properties. Nonaddictive analgesics would be beneficial as morphine, one of the most commonly prescribed opioids for chronic pain, activates the brain reward system and can lead to addiction. Although medical research is progressing rapidly, there is still no treatment for psychostimulant abuse. KOPr agonists show promise in this regard but display undesirable side effects and could negatively affect memory. Salvinorin A (Sal A), a structurally unusual KOPr agonist, has a reduced side effect profile compared to the more traditional KOPr agonists such as U50,488. The effect of Sal A and U50,488 on memory is controversial as they have both been shown to induce a memory impairment and also to improve memory impairments. Sal A also has a poor pharmacokinetic profile with a short duration of action. Structural analogues of Sal A have improved pharmacokinetic and side effect profiles compared to Sal A yet retain the analgesic and anti-addiction properties. This thesis will investigate whether Sal A analogues, namely Ethynyl Sal A (Ethy Sal A), Mesyl Salvinorin B (Mesyl Sal B), and Bromo Salvinorin A (Bromo Sal A), produce a memory impairment. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated in the novel object recognition (NOR) task to determine whether novel Sal A analogues impair long term recognition memory. The degree of novelty was also investigated on a cellular basis through quantifying c-Fos immunoreactive neurons within the perirhinal cortex, an area of the brain shown to respond to novelty. Acute administration of Sal A (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) and novel analogues Ethy Sal A (0.3 and 1 mg/kg), Mesyl Sal B (0.3 and 1 mg/kg), and Bromo Sal A (1 mg/kg) showed no significant differences compared to vehicle when tested in the NOR task. The prototypical KOPr agonist, U50,488 (10 mg/kg), produced a significant decrease in recognition index compared to vehicle when tested in the same task as the novel analogues. Correlating the recognition indices calculated from U50,488 in the NOR to c-Fos counts in the perirhinal cortex showed a strong positive correlation with an increase in RI relating to an increase in c-Fos activation. U50,488 (10 mg/kg) showed a non-significant trend compared to vehicle in the number of c-Fos immunoreactive cells within the perirhinal cortex. Neither Sal A nor novel analogues affected NOR, suggesting no impairment of long term recognition memory. The lack of this side-effect, among others, demonstrates that the development of potent KOPr agonists with reduced side-effect profiles is feasible. These novel analogues show improvement over the traditional KOPr agonists.
Impact of husbandry, stages of lactation and parity number on milk yield and chemical composition of dromedary camel milk.

The present study was designed to assess the impact of husbandry, stage of lactation and parity number on milk yield and chemical composition of camel milk within three different camel farms at Khartoum State, Sudan. Camel milk samples (n=220) were collected from 43 healthy she-camels at different lactation stages (early, mid, late and latest stages of lactation) and parity number (1-7 parities). The overall means of daily milk yield and composition of fat, protein, lactose, solids not fat (SNF), acidity and density were 2.73±1.16 L/day, 3.69±1.31%, 3.32±0.33%, 4.59±0.45, 8.49±0.86%, 0.19±0.03% and 1.030±0.017g/cm3, respectively. Camel milk yield and composition were significantly (P<0.05) affected by husbandry, stage of lactation and parity number. The highest milk yield (3.49±0.89 L/day) was recorded for she-camels kept in the intensive farming system during early stage of lactation (2.96±1.28 L/day). The result showed that the she-camels in the second parity gave the highest milk yield (4.06±1.85 L/day), while the lower milk yield was found at the subsequent parities. The highest means of fat (4.05±1.5%), SNF (8.78±0.74%), protein (3.41±0.3%) and lactose (4.67±0.42%) were recorded for the milk of she camels in the semi-intensive farming. The highest means of fat, protein, lactose and SNF (4.46±1.62%, 3.5±0.27%, 4.75±0.42% and 8.88±0.89%, respectively) were found in camel milk during the early stage of lactation. Moreover the highest means of protein, lactose and SNF (3.42±0.33%, 4.71±0.52% and 8.83±0.86%, respectively) were recorded in milk for the she camels at parity number five. This study concluded that husbandry systems, stage of lactation and parity number have impact on milk yield and chemical composition of camel milk. Therefore, factors that cause variations in milk yield and composition should be considered for the nutritional and technological uses of camel milk.
Insecticidal activity of the main flavonoids from t he leaves of Kalanchoe beharensis and Kalanchoe longiflora

The flavonoids quercetin , quercetin-3-O-β-L-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-Lglucopyranoside, kampferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and kampferol-3,7-di-O-αL-rhamnopyranoside were isolated from the methanolic extracts of the leaves of Kalanchoe beharensis and Kalanchoe longiflora family Crassulaceae using different chromatographic techniques. Identification and stru cture elucidation of the isolated compounds were done using different spectroscopic data and/or by comparing these data with those reported in literature. Methanolic extracts and isolates were tested for their insecticidal activity against cotton leaf wor m, Spodoptera littoralis .
Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Tenggara merupakan wilayah potensial untuk perluasan areal pertanian di Indonesia, namun hal tersebut seringkali menghadapi kendala berupa lahan ultisol, yang mendominasi kedua wilayah tersebut. Tanah ultisol dicirikan oleh: miskin unsur hara, aktivitas mikroba rendah d

Characterization and activities assay of rhizosphere bacteria from ultisol land for plant-growth promoting and biocontrol agents of soil-borne fungus pathogens under in vitro test. Although many studies have been conducted to identify the specific traits of the plant growth-promoting and bioprotecting rhizobacteria (PGPBR), they were limited to studying specific PGPBR isolates from ultisol lands. We selected 273 isolates from bulk soil and plant rhizosphere and examined them for a wide array traits that might inhibit the growth of plant pathogens and increase early cucumber growth in ultisol soil. A subsample of 25 isolates, all positively produce chitinase and sellulose enzymes, 18 positively produce protease and 7 were fluorescens on KB medium under UV lighting. All isolates could produce IAA and be able to solubilize phosphor in vitro test, 10 exhibited low level of nitrogenase activity. Futher test showed that out of 25 isolates, 12 inhibited F. oxysporum, P. capsici, R. solani and S. rolfsii in vitro. All isolates increased seed germination, but only 5 isolates significanty increased early cucumber growth in ultisol soil. The results suggest that rhizobacteria be able to produce extracelluler enzymes, siderophore, ACC deasiminase, and IAA or those which are able to solubilize phosphor in vitro may be potential to be uses as biofertilizer and biological control agents in ultisol land.
Micro-Quantitative Method for Analysis of Sterol Levels in Honeybees and Their Pollen Loads

A Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector method for characterization and micro-quantification of sterols was developed. The applicability of this method was evaluated for determining sterolic compounds in pollen loads, larvae, and adults of the honeybee. After a multi-step procedure to extract and purify sterols, the compounds were identified on the basis of their retention data and quantified on the basis of peak areas from analyses. Quantifications were feasible with a limited amount of samples, allowing single specimen analyses and estimation of inter-individual variation. The reliability of this micro-quantitative method for sterol analysis was also investigated.
Partnering for Greater Success: Local Stakeholders and Research in Tropical Biology and Conservation

Local communities are important stakeholders in resource management and conservation efforts, particularly in the developing world. Although evidence is mixed in suggesting that these resident stakeholders are optimal forest stewards, it is highly unlikely that large tracts of tropical forests will be conserved without engaging local people who depend on them daily for their livelihoods. Stakeholders, who reside in biodiverse ecosystems like tropical forests, are the largest direct users and ultimate decision‐makers of forest fate, can be important investors in conservation, harbor local ecological knowledge that complements Western science and frequently have long‐term legitimate claims on lands where they reside. Research partnerships with local stakeholders can increase research relevance, enhance knowledge exchange and result in greater conservation success. Different phases of the research cycle present distinct opportunities for partnership, with flexibility in timing, approaches and strategies depending on researcher and local stakeholder needs and interests. Despite being the last step in the research process, dissemination of results can be the best starting point for researchers interested in experimenting with local stakeholder engagement. Still, tropical biologists might not choose to partner with local people because of lack of institutional rewards, insufficient training in stakeholder engagement, insecure research infrastructure in community settings, and time and funding limitations. Although not appropriate in all cases and despite significant challenges, some biological scientists and research institutions have successfully engaged local stakeholders in the research process, proving mutually beneficial for investigators and local people alike and resulting in important innovations in tropical biology and conservation.
Effect of Resistance Training using Thera-Band on Muscular Strength and Quality of Life among the Elderly

Background: Lack of mobility and motor impairments can intensify mental health problems in the elderly. Muscle weakness is one of the most important cause of fall in the old individuals. Muscular performance is regarded as one of the significant components of quality of life in older adults. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance training using Thera-Band on muscular strength and quality of life among the elderly. Method: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 elderly people referring to the health centers of Mashhad in 2016. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention group was subjected to lower- and upper-extremity resistance training with Thera-Band performed two thirty-minute sessions a week for six weeks. However, the control group did not receive any training. Data collection was performed using a dynamometer and the short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 16 using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, paired t-test, Chi-square test, and exact Chi-square. Results: The mean ages of the individuals in the intervention and control groups were 69.7±6.1 and 77.2±6.2 years, respectively. After intervention, the mean scores of quality of life (P>0.001) and muscular strength in the upper and lower extremities (P>0.001) were significantly higher in the intervention group than those in the control group. Implications for Practice: Resistance training with Thera-Band could enhance muscular strength and improve quality of life in the elderly. It was concluded that the promotion of this exercise program could have a positive effect on the muscular strength and quality of life among this population.
Human factors and ergonomics in patient safety curriculum

The importance of teaching human factors and ergonomics (HFE) and patient safety is registered in two compelling facts: 1) the numbers of physicians who train in VA hospitals and 2) in the need for hospitals to function as highly reliable organizations. In the United States, more than half of the physicians‐in‐training do at least part of their medical school and residency training at veterans' health care facilities. Health care currently does not measure up to other high‐reliability organizations. By providing a HFE‐based patient safety curriculum, we hope to improve patient safety at the frontlines. We see the lasting benefit as residency programs that produce physicians who are competent, patient safety problem solvers throughout their careers who will assist health care organizations to become highly reliable. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linear Analysis of Large Deflection of Heated and Clamped Isotropic Layered Plate Under Initial Tension

A simplified linear problem is studied for the large deflection of a clamped and heated isotropic circular layered plate under pretension and uniform loading. Including a thermal consideration, governing equations based on von Karman large deflection theory are derived first, followed by neglecting the arising nonlinear term. The non- dimensional structural responses are found to be expressible in terms of modified Bessel functions similar to which available in literature but with a modified definition for the associated arguments. The presented approach is checked against a simplified case for a quasi-monolithic plate. Parametric studies including the effects of pretension, temperature, and ratio between Young’s moduli of the layers upon both the global and edge zone behavior of the plate are thoroughly explored. Compared to the previous study for a single-layered plate, visible effect due to the modulus’ ratio of the plate is detected, for the considered symmetric layered plate in a thermally elevated condition.
A 4.5 km resolution Arctic Ocean simulation with the global multi-resolution model FESOM 1.4

Abstract. In the framework of developing a global modeling system which can facilitate modeling studies on Arctic Ocean and high- to midlatitude linkage, we evaluate the Arctic Ocean simulated by the multi-resolution Finite Element Sea ice-Ocean Model (FESOM). To explore the value of using high horizontal resolution for Arctic Ocean modeling, we use two global meshes differing in the horizontal resolution only in the Arctic Ocean (24 km vs. 4.5 km). The high resolution significantly improves the model's representation of the Arctic Ocean. The most pronounced improvement is in the Arctic intermediate layer, in terms of both Atlantic Water (AW) mean state and variability. The deepening and thickening bias of the AW layer, a common issue found in coarse-resolution simulations, is significantly alleviated by using higher resolution. The topographic steering of the AW is stronger and the seasonal and interannual temperature variability along the ocean bottom topography is enhanced in the high-resolution simulation. The high resolution also improves the ocean surface circulation, mainly through a better representation of the narrow straits in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). The representation of CAA throughflow not only influences the release of water masses through the other gateways but also the circulation pathways inside the Arctic Ocean. However, the mean state and variability of Arctic freshwater content and the variability of freshwater transport through the Arctic gateways appear not to be very sensitive to the increase in resolution employed here. By highlighting the issues that are independent of model resolution, we address that other efforts including the improvement of parameterizations are still required.
Estimation of Tourism Climate in the Lake Balaton Region, Hungary

Abstract Lake Balaton is one of the most important and best-known tourist destinations in Hungary. Although in the last few years, several efforts were implemented to increase the length of the tourist season, the highest visitor turnover occurs in the summer months. We mostly regard the Lake Balaton as a bathing place, despite of the fact that the region offers more and more tourism products. The beach tourism and other lakeside activities are highly dependent on weather and climate. In order to know that a region's climate what extent is suitable to the given tourism activities, the tourism climate potential must be determined. This study aims to illustrate observed changes of the tourism climate potential of Lake Balaton Region during the last half century, by using Tourism Climatic Index (TCI) and Climate-Tourism-Information-Scheme (CTIS). The analysis is based on the long-term measured datasets of Siófok synoptic station. Based on the TCI, the tourism climate potential of the examined region is barely changed over the past 50 years; significant changes can be detected only in February and June. By using the CTIS, smaller changes can also be detected. Such changes are: moderate improvement of the thermal comfort in spring and autumn, slight increase in sunny hours in the tourism season, as well as the sultriness becomes more frequent in the summer months. The results may represent useful background information to the policy decision-makers.
Chapter 7 Evolving Networks and Social Network Analysis Methods and Techniques

Evolving networks by definition are networks that change as a function of time. They are a natural extension of network science since almost all real-world networks evolve over time, either by adding or by removing nodes or links over time: elementary actor-level network measures like network centrality change as a function of time, popularity and influence of individuals grow or fade depending on processes, and events occur in networks during time intervals. Other problems such as network-level statistics computation, link prediction, community detection, and visualization gain additional research importance when applied to dynamic online social networks (OSNs). Due to their temporal dimension, rapid growth of users, velocity of changes in networks, and amount of data that these OSNs generate, effective and efficient methods and techniques for small static networks are now required to scale and deal with the temporal dimension in case of streaming settings. This chapter reviews the state of the art in selected aspects of evolving social networks presenting open research challenges related to OSNs. The challenges suggest that significant further research is required in evolving social networks, i.e., existent methods, techniques, and algorithms must be rethought and designed toward incremental and dynamic versions that allow the efficient analysis of evolving networks.
Antiproliferative activity of combination of Thai herbal remedy and chemotherapeutic agents on human cancer cell lines

Thai herbal remedies have long been used as traditional medicine in Thailand for cancer therapy, however, little is known for their scientific information especially their anticancer effects. In this study, one commonly used Thai herbal remedy for cancer therapy, was demonstrated for its antiproliferative effect on 7 human cancer cell lines; MDA-MB435, SKBR3, MCF-7, T47D, A549, SK-LU1 and Caco-2. Combination of chemotherapeutic drugs and this special herbal remedy was also investigated. The results revealed that the Thai herbal extract alone had no effect on the growth of these 7 human cancer cell lines. The viability of all cancer cells was more than 80% after treated with 30 µg/ml of the extract. Cells treated with doxorubicin plus herbal remedy showed slightly different IC50 value when compared to doxorubicin alone on T47D human breast cancer cell line but no statistical significance. In conclusion, this herbal remedy that was used to treat cancer patients has no significant antiproliferative effect on cancer cells in vitro. Key words: MDA-MB435, SKBR3, MCF7, T47D, A549, SK-LU1, Caco-2, Thai herbal remedy.
Comparative analysis of organizational behaviours in CFR and Deutsche Bahn

The paper compares the organizational behaviour in CFR and Deutsche Bahn, from the point of view of employees, as well as managers, outlining possible similarities and best practices which can be, potentially, transferred. The main issues in focus regard what are the elements which contribute to the organizational behaviour of each company, a complex and controversial concept, and how national culture influences organizational culture, in an attempt to standardize what seems to be ineffable in organizational management. The limitations of the study reside in the limited number of respondents, as well as in the inherent subjectivity in selecting the variables.
Multicultural Issues of Product Development Education in Virtual Teams

Project oriented courses became a global trend among best engineering universities around the world in the past decade. They teach students not only core academic knowledge, but face students with real problem solving situations, where they need to express and develop their other virtues and skills, e.g. working in multidisciplinary teams, time and task management, problem solving, different presentation and communication skills, etc. In this paper we investigate (multi-) cultural background of virtual team members from two different aspects: how it influences the team’s creativity and how various cultural backgrounds of creative team members could lead into different perceptions of particular design features. Multi-cultural background of NPD teams is a complex challenge, which—if not addressed properly—could cause multi-level problems. The results of our first described research clearly indicate how these differences could affect the forming of virtual NPD creative teams and suggest guidelines how to build effective NPD teams. The second research shows that the same design features can trigger different responses in different cultural background. The designers, who design a product for a particular market, should be aware of these differences, which must be addressed with a special care if we want the product to be properly accepted at the desired target of a global market.
Power in time: The influence of power posing on metaphoric perspectives on time

abstract In English, the Moving Ego metaphor conceptualizes the ego as moving forward through time and the Moving Time metaphor construes time as moving forward toward the ego. Recent research has provided evidence that people’s metaphorical perspectives on deictic time may be influenced by experiences—both spatial and non-spatial—that are connected to approach motivations (Moving Ego) and avoidance motivations (Moving Time). We extend this research further, asking whether there are differences in preferred temporal perspective between those who exhibit higher and lower degrees of power, as high power has been connected to approach motivations and low power, to avoidance motivations. Across two temporal tasks, participants in our study who adopted high-power poses demonstrated a greater preference for the Moving Ego perspective, compared to those adopting low-power poses. These results suggest an embodied connection between approach and avoidance motivations and the Moving Ego and Moving Time metaphors, respectively.