Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of plant defence-related (PR-protein) transcripts during hardening and dehardening of winter wheat

The pattern of expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins PR-1, chitinase, β-glucanase, and peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) transcripts was studied in five winter wheat cultivars differing in resistance to snow mould, under controlled conditions following growth at 20°C, during hardening at 2°C and dehardening at 20°C. The expression of these transcripts was also studied in two cultivars of winter wheat under natural conditions during autumn, winter, and early spring of 1997–98 at a field site in Lethbridge. The relative abundance of transcripts was similar in both the field and controlled environment studies: chitinase was the most abundant transcript followed by PAL, β-1,3-glucanase, PR-1, and peroxidase. Under field conditions, all PR-protein transcripts exhibited the same basic pattern of expression during the autumn, winter and spring sampling dates; transcripts were expressed during the late autumn, reached high levels by mid-winter, then decreased before reaching maximum levels during the spring. Conversely, PAL expression was low or absent in autumn, reached the highest levels by mid-winter, and then gradually decreased during the spring. Under controlled environment conditions, transcripts encoding for PAL and the PR-proteins, except chitinase, were constitutively expressed to varying extents in the unhardened treatments. The general pattern of expression fell into two groups: (1) transcripts of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and PAL, were weakly expressed in the unhardened treatments, strongly up-regulated following exposure to hardening conditions, and disappeared or remained stable following dehardening; and, (2) PR-1 and peroxidase transcripts were down-regulated upon initial exposure to hardening, increased slightly following prolonged exposure to hardening conditions, and remained stable during dehardening. Under controlled conditions, the pattern of expression of any of the PR-proteins did not appear to be associated with known genotypic levels of snow mould resistance among cultivars but, under field conditions, expression levels were generally higher for all PR-proteins in the snow mould resistant cultivar, Cl14106 than in the moderately susceptible cultivar, Norstar. These results demonstrate that different PR-protein and PAL transcripts in winter wheat are expressed in the field throughout the winter and are differentially induced in response to exposure of plants to low, hardening temperatures under both field and controlled environment conditions.
Evaluation of Total Phenolic and Flavonoids Content and their Relation with Antioxidant Properties of Tagetes patula Varieties, Through DPPH Assay

Now a days, lots of herbaceous plants have been discovered, with active phytochemicals properties crucial for many biological activities such as antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and utilized as health promoting products (Achilonu et al., 2018; Mehtab et al., 2014; Ouelbani et al., 2016). Because of many cosmetic applications found in herbs, and their different organs of plant have antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities, preventing from aging or whitening problems of skin (Forni et al., 2019). These activities are characterized by the presence of bioactive phenolic compounds and act as a powerful antioxidant, known to found in medicinal and ornamental International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 2 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Changes and Interactions between Grassland Ecosystem Soil and Plant Properties under Long-Term Mineral Fertilization

Grasslands intensification by use of mineral fertilization has contributed substantially to the increase in forage production. Intensification, however, can degrade the other beneficial functions or soil properties. The effects of mineral fertilization on soil and plant chemical qualities of a permanent wet grassland (Festucetum pratense association) were investigated in Slovakia. The grassland was treated using 3 different N, P, and K rates of mineral fertilizers in kg. ha−1. yr−1 plus the Control (0NPK) almost over 60-year period (1961–2017). The N, P, and K rates in low NPK treatment (LNPK) were N50, P15.4, and K 41.5, in the medium NPK treatment (MNPK) were N100, P30.8, and K83, and in the high NPK treatment (HNPK) were N200, P 61.6, and K 166, respectively. Overall, soil variables (pH, soil organic carbon, plant-available K) showed the most significant changes. A more balanced development was observed in case of soil total nitrogen, C:N ratio, and plant-available P. ANOVA revealed a significant effect between treatments only on plant-available P. In the case of plant functional group development, long-term mineral addition significantly disfavors legumes and forbs. However, analyses of the botanical composition over the last 5 years showed that legume cover significantly differs only in the HNPK treatment. Plant C:P, N:P, and N:K ratios were significantly reduced when fertilizers were added. In terms of grasslands yields, the highest biomass and content of macronutrients were obtained under the HNPK rates. However, with regard to the quality and quantity of the soil organic matter, the most appropriate treatment has been with the MNPK rates. Our findings demonstrate that medium fertilization seems to be an acceptable compromise to meet both productivity and environmental aspects and to connect ecological benefits with social benefits in the long term.
Genetic divergence on performance traits among indigenous breeds of cattle.

INTRODUCTION The dairy husbandry has been an age-old avocation practiced by dairymen. Indian ancient scriptures are replete with references and description of unique domestic animals. The indigenous breeds of cattle have been developed by sustained efforts of the breeders and farmers by judicious selection carried out since time immemorial. The resultant is emergence of numerous breeds, some of which are reputed for draftability, production and adaptability to climatic and managemental stress. These breeds possess better endurance to withstand endemic diseases. Nevertheless, many Indian breeds of cattle have undergone a demographic change in their production and utilization pattern in recent times. Although India is home tract of over 26 well-defined breeds of humped cattle, the number of breeds and strains that exists within each species is not possible to evaluate with the limited resources, as biodiversity is too great. In order to reduce the scope of the problem, genetic distance studies has been recommended by FAO (Hodges, 1992) to understand and utilize existing biodiversity. The identification of diversity is of immense importance at regional level because such studies may provide an excellent basis for global collaboration and regional development of animal genetic resources for the fact changing world trade scenario under the ages of World Trade Organization. Therefore, it is imperative to use multivariate analytical techniques which would take into consideration many economic traits that would take care of production and reproduction traits simultaneously for the comparative evaluation of the performance of three well-established breeds viz., Hariana, Sahiwal and Tharparkar.
Implication des protéines RECA dans le maintien de la stabilité du génome des chloroplastes d'Arabidopsis thaliana.

The stability of plant organelles genomes elicits a great interest in the domain of plant biology. In fact, numerous studies suggest that genomic instability can lead to the isolation of interesting traits in the field of agronomy. Some factors such as MSH1, the POLI family, OSB1, the Whirly proteins and the Recombinase A (RECA), have already been identified has being implicated in the maintenance of genome stability. The nuclear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes three proteins, RECA1, RECA2 and RECA3, that shares a high resemblance with bacterial Recombinase A. They are targeted to the mitochondria and/or to the chloroplast. Globally, these genes share a similarity of sequence of 61% with their bacterial homologue in Escherichia coli. In bacteria these proteins play an essential part in homologous recombination and are implicated in DNA repair. In Arabidopsis, RECA2 and RECA3 have been shown as being essential to maintain the integrity of the mitochondrial genome but their contribution to the stability of the chloroplast as well as the role of RECA1 remains obscure. The goal of this project is to establish the eventual contribution of the Arabidopsis RECA proteins in the repair of chloroplast DNA and more precisely the role of the RECA1 gene. We propose the hypothesis that plants RECA act in the same fashion as their bacterial orthologues by being implicated in homologous recombination. Within the framework of this project, we have attempted to isolate mutant lines for each RECA gene of Arabidopsis. In the end, we were able to obtain appropriate lines for our study only for the RECA1 gene. These lines were then used to evaluate the contribution of the gene to chloroplast genome stability. Afterwards, in order to study the epistatic relationship between the RECA1, WHY1 and WHY3 genes, a cross between different mutant lines of these genes was realised. We then studied the sensitivity of all of those mutant lines to ciprofloxacine, an agent causing double stranded breaks exclusively in plant organelles. Finally, we evaluated the presence of rearrangements in the chloroplast genome under normal conditions and under the presence of a genotoxic stress. Our
The effect of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on ventricular repolarization indices and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio

Aim: The electrocardiographic QT dispersion (QTd), Tpe/QT ratio and Tpeak-Tend (Tpe) interval have been known as ventricular repolarization indices. Neutrophil–to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammatory marker that is newly described. Increased QTd, Tpe/QT ratio, inflammation and Tpe interval are associated with ventricular arrhythmia (VA). In patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), VA has a key role in terms of morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed at examining whether transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) affects ventricular repolarization indices and NLR. Material and Methods: Study population consisted of a total of 44 patients undergoing TAVI. Echocardiographic and laboratory parameters of patients were evaluated before TAVI and sixth month after TAVI. Comparioson of electrocardiographic QTd, Tpe/QT ratio, Tpe interval and NLR of the same petients were made before TAVI and sixth month after TAVI. Results: QT interval, corrected QT interval and heart rate were similar before and after TAVI (p>0.05 for all). There was a statistically significant decrease in QTd (26.0±9.1 vs. 21.3±7.2 ms; p=0.008), Tpe interval (88.43±12.6vs. 78.8±10.1 ms; p<0.001), NLR (3.08±2.0 vs. 2.16±0.73; p=0.001) and Tpe/QT ratio ( 0.23±0.3 vs. 0.21±0.1; p=0.024) after TAVI. Morever, the reduction in the Tpe interval and Tpe / QT ratio after TAVI was found to be significantly correlated with NLR (r=0.400, p=0.007; r=0.396, p=0.008; respectively). Conclusion: TAVI does not only reduce symptoms in patients with severe AS, but may also be effective in reducing risk of VA by improving factors affecting ventricular repolarization.
Assessment Profile of Biomarker Indexes with FHIT Gene Methylation in Oral Epithelium Tissues among Smokers and Non-smokers in Duhok Province, Iraq

Background and objectives: Different pathological and molecular changes can occur in oral epithelium after exposure to cigarette smoking. Management of these changes which may predispose to dysplasia and subsequently invasive cancer depends on the ability to predict malignant transformation like assessment of proliferative index and tumor related genomic markers. Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT) gene is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently inactivated by methylation, and this inactivation has been linked to cancer development in many tissues. The present study is aimed to investigate ki67-labeling index, p16 immunoexpression, and the methylation status of the FHIT gene in oral epithelium among smokers. Materials and methods: Tissue samples from 150 oral epithelial were taken from smokers and nonsmokers with different epithelial pathologies. The samples were processed, categorized histologically and studied immunohistochemically for ki67 and p16 expression using the automated immunostainer technique. The methylation status of the FHIT was analyzed by methylation-specific PCR using primer specific for both methylated and unmethylated DNA. Results: Among smokers, both oral squamous cell carcinoma and non-neoplastic oral epithelium (particularly hyperplasia) showed a significant high ki67 expression, while p16 was overexpressed in hyperplastic and inflammatory oral epithelium with a trend toward low grade squamous carcinoma. FHIT methylation was detected among smokers in both non neoplastic oral epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Smoking implies a great deal on the degree of ki67 labeling index in both squamous carcinoma and non-neoplastic oral epithelium, while smoking causes p16 overexpression in non-neoplastic epithelium and variable among squamous carcinoma (SSC). Smoking also induced FHIT methylation in neoplastic and non-neoplastic oral epithelium (NNOE).
Size-related effects and the influence of metabolic traits and morphology on swimming performance in fish

Abstract Energy metabolism fuels swimming and other biological processes. We compared the swimming performance and energy metabolism within and across eight freshwater fish species. Using swim tunnel respirometers, we measured the standard metabolic rate (SMR) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and calculated the critical swimming speed (Ucrit). We accounted for body size, metabolic traits, and some morphometric ratios in an effort to understand the extent and underlying causes of variation. Body mass was largely the best predictor of swimming capacity and metabolic traits within species. Moreover, we found that predictive models using total length or SMR, in addition to body mass, significantly increased the explained variation of Ucrit and MMR in certain fish species. These predictive models also underlined that, once body mass has been accounted for, Ucrit can be independently affected by total length or MMR. This study exemplifies the utility of multiple regression models to assess within-species variability. At interspecific level, our results showed that variation in Ucrit can partly be explained by the variation in the interrelated traits of MMR, fineness, and muscle ratios. Among the species studied, bleak Alburnus alburnus performed best in terms of swimming performance and efficiency. By contrast, pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus showed very poor swimming performance, but attained lower mass-specific cost of transport (MCOT) than some rheophilic species, possibly reflecting a cost reduction strategy to compensate for hydrodynamic disadvantages. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the key factors influencing the swimming performance of fish at both intra- and interspecific levels.
Emotional competence: how can games contribute to their development

Many experiences influence or develop emotional skills, among which we highlight the interaction with games. This work aims to discuss the games and how they can influence the development of emotional skills, trying to describe what to reveal or the game as an alternative to create experiences that help, especially children, to deal with their emotions. To this end, a narrative literature review was conducted, observing procedures such as the survey of theoretical references that describe the concepts related to the problem in question, a definition of central references, reading, and systematization of these references, analysis, and discussion. The review enlightened that emotional competence involves how we express and deal with emotions and that competence can be improved. The results reinforce the games, as activities that involve rules, challenges, objectives, and consequences, can contribute to its development. It is concluded that intentional activities based on the use of games and mediation can offer significant contributions in contexts of school intervention.
THE OCCURRENCE OF NECTOPHRYNOIDES (ANURA BUFONIDAE) IN ETHIOPIA. A NEW CONCEPT OF THE GENUS WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES

SUMMARY Information concerning the thigh myology, osteology of the skull and postcranial skeleton, external morphology and life history of two high elevation Ethiopian bufonids, one of which was previously known as Bufo osgoodi Loveridge, 1932, is presented and analysed and a comparison made with all the species currently assigned to Nectophrynoides Noble, 1926, with the exception of N. minutus Perret, 1972 of which no examples were available. The genus Nectophrynoides is redefined according to 25 characters and Bufo osgoodi transferred to it. The other Ethiopian form, which has inguinal amplexus, internal fertilisation and a terrestrial tadpole lacking larval mouthparts, is described as a new species (Nectophrynoides malcolmi). Reference is made to the morphological characteristics of other genera of bufonids.
Exploring the Evolutionary History of North American Prairie Grouse (Genus: Tympanuchus) Using Multi-locus Coalescent Analyses

Conservation biologists are increasingly using phylogenetics as a tool to understand evolutionary relationships and taxonomic classification. The taxonomy of North American prairie grouse (sharp-tailed grouse, T. phasianellus; lesser prairie-chicken, T. pallidicinctus; greater prairie-chicken, T. cupido; including multiple subspecies) has been designated based on physical characteristics, geography, and behavior. However, previous studies have been inconclusive in determining the evolutionary history of prairie grouse based on genetic data. Therefore, additional research investigating the evolutionary history of prairie grouse is warranted. In this study, ten loci (including mitochondrial, autosomal, and Z-linked markers) were sequenced across multiple populations of prairie grouse, and both traditional and coalescent-based phylogenetic analyses were used to address the evolutionary history of this genus. Results from this study indicate that North American prairie grouse diverged in the last 200,000 years, with species-level taxa forming well-supported monophyletic clades in species tree analyses. With these results, managers of the critically endangered Attwater's prairie-chicken (T. c. attwateri) can better evaluate whether outcrossing Attwater's with greater prairie-chickens would be a viable management tool for Attwater's conservation.
Distributed acoustic sensing for seismic activity monitoring

Continuous, real-time monitoring of surface seismic activity around the globe is of great interest for acquiring new insight into global tomography analyses and for recognition of seismic patterns leading to potentially hazardous situations. The already-existing telecommunication fiber optic network arises as an ideal solution for this application, owing to its ubiquity and the capacity of optical fibers to perform distributed, highly sensitive monitoring of vibrations at relatively low cost (ultra-high density of point sensors available with minimal deployment of new equipment). This perspective article discusses early approaches on the application of fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensors (DASs) for seismic activity monitoring. The benefits and potential impact of DAS technology in these kinds of applications are here illustrated with new experimental results on teleseism monitoring based on a specific approach: the so-called chirped-pulse DAS. This technology offers promising prospects for the field of seismic tomography due to its appealing properties in terms of simplicity, consistent sensitivity across sensing channels, and robustness. Furthermore, we also report on several signal processing techniques readily applicable to chirped-pulse DAS recordings for extracting relevant seismic information from ambient acoustic noise. The outcome presented here may serve as a foundation for a novel conception for ubiquitous seismic monitoring with minimal investment.
Advantages and recent advances of smart energy grid

Smart grid is widely recognized technology used to improve the stability and losses of the electric power system. It is encouraging reliability, efficiency, and effective control of the supply of electrical energy. However, it is a hot topic for recent publications and still has a limited understanding among researchers. This review work is to provide insight and support to the beginner researchers since this topic needs a multidisciplinary background knowledge. The conventional electric transmission system and distribution networks struggle to provide resilient performance and reliable service and real-time data. Also, smart grid id a promising network maneuver to stabilize the system once any disturbances break out by using the distributed renewable energy generators, while the conventional networks lack for flexibility to integrate with renewable energy generators or microgrids. This comprehensive work is conducted to map previous controbution in a coherent manar, including the specifications, features, and fundamentals that are presented to benefit the interested readers interested in smart grid development.
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL ROTATING FLOW OF A UCM NANOLIQUID OVER AN EXPONENTIALLY STRETCHABLE CONVECTIVE SURFACE UTILIZING THE OPTIMAL HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS METHOD

This article explores the three-dimensional (3D) rotating flow of Upper Convected Maxwell (UCM) nanoliquid over an exponentially stretching sheet with a convective boundary condition and zero mass flux for the nanoparticles concentration. The impacts of velocity slip and hall current are being considered. The suitable similarity transformations are employed to reduce the governing partial differential equations into ordinary ones. These systems of equations are highly non-linear, coupled and in turn solved by an efficient semi-analytical scheme known as optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM). The effects of various physical constraints on velocity, temperature, and concentration fields are analyzed graphically and discussed in detail. The impact of hall current is reduced the temperature field whereas increase to the velocity and the concentration fields. The present results are compared with the available results in the literature to check the legitimacy of the present semianalytical scheme and noted an excellent agreement for limiting cases.