Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Two Apple Cultivars

Summary The apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) possesses a number of health-promoting properties. The main beneficial effects of apple fruits on human health are associated with the antioxidant properties of components synthesising in apple fruits during their growth and development. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are such components that contribute significantly to the antioxidant capacity of fruits, thus enhancing their health properties. The purpose of this study is to compare the antioxidant properties (namely antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid, total phenolic and flavonoid contents) of the ‘Idared’ and ‘Braeburn’ apple cultivars, grown under optimal growing conditions in the Goražde area. Ascorbic acid contents were estimated using the 2.6-dichlorophenolindophenol titration method, whereas total phenolics were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Furthermore, total flavonoids were determined using the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay, whereas the ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay was used to determine the total antioxidant capacity of the apple fruits examined. The average values of the ascorbic acid, the total phenolic and flavonoids contents, and the total antioxidant capacity of the ‘Idared’ apples under consideration were 8.09 mg 100 g−1, 34.56 mg gallic acid equivalents 100 g−1, 12.62 mg catechin equivalents 100 g−1 and 323.28 μmol Fe2+ 100 g−1of fresh weight, respectively. The average values of the total phenolic and flavonoids contents, as well as the antioxidant capacity of the ‘Braeburn’ apples examined were as follows: 8.89 mg 100 g−1, 33.4 mg gallic acid equivalents 100 g−1, 13.56 mg catechin equivalents 100 g−1 and 367.01 μmol Fe2+ 100 g−1 of fresh weight, respectively. The analyses performed indicate that the differences recorded in the parameter values between the apple cultivars ‘Idared’ and ‘Braeburn’ were statistically non-significant. A correlation data analysis confirmed that phenolic compounds are the carriers of the antioxidant activity of apples.
Environmental Protection in Industry 4.0. Opportunities and Threats in Selected Areas

Abstract In recent years, the importance of production in cyberphysical systems – CPS characteristic of the new industry concept, which is Industry 4.0 – I 4.0, is gaining importance. Industry 4.0 enforces modification of traditional perception of production. The basis for changes in Industry 4.0 has become Internet of Things – IoT, which gives the opportunity to connect and communicate with each other such areas as mobile solutions, cloud computing, sensors, analytics and cyber security. By new technology, areas that previously operated in enterprises as separate systems can be combined and create new opportunities for industrial production (modernization of production methods and reduce employment). Industry 4.0 brings with it a number of new challenges for producers in the field of environmental protection, and related to the inclusion of cybernetic technology in physical production processes as well as distribution. Production starts and ends on the customer. Industry 4.0 is a collective term for technologies and concepts of value chain organization. The United Nations Organization for Industrial Development indicates the following environmental aspects in the perspective of the development of Industry 4.0, such as: climate change and limited access to resources, primarily to clean energy. It is assumed that changes in the production and functioning of economies will result in a decrease in the emission of harmful compounds into the atmosphere and increase the flexibility of activities for environmental protection. The purpose of this work is to present general directions of changes in the field of environmental protection in Industry 4.0. Authors present the following areas of change: energy management and material management. These areas are opportunities for environmental. In the category of threats, the growing costs of environmental protection and household expenses are pointed out. The work is based on a literature study and statistical data. Statistical data are used: integrated technologies, expenditure and costs of environmental protection, recycling of secondary raw materials and energy consumption for the EU and Poland.
Service connections of the Katowice conurbation cities

Abstract The study attempts to determine the service connections of the cities of the Katowice conurbation. The analysis was based on surveys conducted among 845 residents representing all cities in the conurbation, who were asked about using services in other cities. The collected material allowed the author to state that the practice of using services outside their place of residence, in other cities, is quite common, as 63% of respondents do so. The cities of the conurbation have a different impact on other centres, which allowed us to determine the service hierarchy of the conurbation cities. In all but one city, the inhabitants most often indicated that they used services located in Katowice, thus as the only city used this has an impact covering the entire Katowice conurbation. Seven other cities (Bytom, Chorzów, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Gliwice, Sosnowiec, Tychy and Zabrze) demonstrate sub-conurbation influences, which are mainly limited to neighbouring cities. The impact of cities within a mini-conurbation (4 cities) and a micro-conurbation (5 cities) were also identified. These have a limited impact on neighbouring centres, but, only in selected service areas. The collected information indicates that the inhabitants of the conurbation most often go to another city for commercial and cultural purposes and in connection with practising sports and recreation.
Do Soft Skills matter? A Study on Employability of Engineering Graduates in Bangladesh

Abstract Objective: University graduates in Bangladesh are presently confronted with high job competition. Because of less job availability, engineering graduates are facing more challenges in getting job opportunities than business graduates. Moreover, engineering graduates are more proficient in technical skills than with their human skills. The most important barrier for engineering graduates’ employability at their initial stage of career is that they have less focus on acquisition of their soft skills. Therefore, this study is concentrating to analyse the current situation of the engineering graduates’ soft skills deficiency and to investigate the impact of having soft skills on employability. Methodology:The nature of the study is qualitative and data has been gathered through in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Respondents of in-depth interview are experienced engineers and HR experts who are working in engineering based organizations especially at the power solution service providing companies in Bangladesh. FGD among final year undergraduate engineering students has also been conducted to validate the interview data. Thematic analysis is used to analyse the qualitative data. Findings:The impact of having soft skills in getting employment of new graduates at the entry level is identified in this paper. Value Added: Higher education can assist in developing employability through increasing employment prospect and also achieving individual learning goals. However, fresh engineering graduates have social skills gap and lack of practical knowledge which can be reduced through acquiring soft skills. Different techniques such as self-training, institutional training, joining language sessions, attending presentation skills development classes and social programs can assist graduates in the acquisition of soft skills. Recommendations: As the most important reason of engineers’ unemployment is the lacking of collaboration between industry and academic institutions, this study focuses to draw the attention of engineering students, educational institutes and policy makers to highlight the importance of developing soft skills for employability and career growth.
Doing justice to ELF in ELT: comments on Toh (2016)

Toh’s (2016) Topic & Comment article Doing justice to an English as a lingua franca paradigm in this journal provides a sceptical appraisal of a couple of years following the launch of the Center for English as a Lingua Franca (CELF) programme within Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan. Having been established in 2013, CELF offers English education to all university departments across the humanities and sciences in 2019, and now may be a good time to reflect on what Toh (2016) has to say. This is all the more so because many readers of this journal would be interested in developing their own ELF-oriented ELT programmes in other parts of the world. The present paper starts by addressing Toh’s (2016) concerns about latent effects of “Western TESOL” on the CELF programme: essentialism, reductionism, and exclusion. Specifically, he problematises one-size-fits-all approaches, behaviourist epistemologies, and hegemonies of native-speakerism. We discuss these issues in relation to former and current practices at CELF, and in relation to ELF theories. We then introduce CELF teacher-led projects for programme development, and conclude by identifying some immanent issues to be tackled in the future. The first author of this response article is a newcomer to CELF, and the second author has an extensive experience in language teaching at the institution, including CELF.
A motor imagery analysis algorithm based on spatio-temporal-frequency joint selection and relevance vector machine

Convergent studies have reported inter-subject variability in EEG representation when subjects performed same cognitive tasks, yielding a significant drawback for developing a practical BCI system. In order to address this problem, we have introduced a subject-dependent specio-temporal-frequecy joint feature selection method. Specifically, we first selected 55-channel EEG signals among the original 118-channel recordings according to the close relevance of the signals in motor-related areas. A 7-fold cross validation approach was applied to select the optimal time-window and frequency bands, which match individual subject based upon the training data set. Then motor imagery related features were determined via the common spatial pattern method. The obtained subject-dependent features were feeded to a relevance vector machine for motor imagery classification. The experiment results show that our framework demonstrated superior performance as showing in the higher classification accuracy (94.49% in comparison with the highest classification accuracy 94.17%) in the competition III. Compared with the other three existing methods, our method also has obvious advantages. In summary, we provided feasible framework to account for inter-subject variability, which would be a new method for the designing of the online motor imagery brain computer interface system.
Species Delimitation

Species delimitation is the process of determining which groups of individual organisms constitute diﬀerent populations of a single species and which constitute diﬀerent species. The problem goes back to the earliest days of taxonomy and formalized processes for describing new species exist and are widely used, although the methods are time-intensive and problematic for some species. Genomic data carries extensive information about the degree of genetic isolation among species and about ancient and recent introgression. For this reason, genomic data can play an important role in species delimitation under many existing species concepts. Here we review the history of molecular species delimitation leading up to the current genomic era. We then describe the most widely used computational methods for species delimitation using single- and multi-locus genomic data. Relative strengths and weaknesses of the approaches are discussed and a new method for delimiting species based on empirical criteria is proposed.
University of Birmingham Thermal modelling of Advanced LIGO test masses

High-reflectivity fused silica mirrors are at the epicentre of today’s advanced gravitational wave detectors. In these detectors, the mirrors interact with high power laser beams. As a result of finite absorption in the high reflectivity coatings the mirrors suffer from a variety of thermal effects that impact on the detectors’ performance. We propose a model of the Advanced LIGO mirrors that introduces an empirical term to account for the radiative heat transfer between the mirror and its surroundings. The mechanical mode frequency is used as a probe for the overall temperature of the mirror. The thermal transient after power build-up in the optical cavities is used to refine and test the model. The model provides a coating absorption estimate of 1.5 to 2.0 ppm and estimates that 0.3 to 1.3 ppm of the circulating light is scattered on to the ring heater.
Parental Awareness about Oral Health Preventive Care and its Relation to DMFT Index in Visually Impaired Children

Statement of the Problem: Oral health care for children with visual impairment is challenging for health service providers. Gaining information about parental awareness in this regard can be a basis for health planning and use of preventive services. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate parental awareness about the importance of preventive care and its relationship with DMFT index in visually impaired children. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 50 parents of children with visual impairment referring to schools of the blind children aged 8-14 years in Isfahan in 2017-2018. Parental awareness was measured by knowledge questionnaire. DMFT index of first permanent molar was recorded by examination. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation and T-test in SPSS 22 software. The level of significance was considered less than 0.05. Results: The mean score of parental awareness about significance of preventive care was 68.4±15.5. Mean DMFT in the studied children was 2.40±1.32 and highest score was related to decayed tooth, followed by filled tooth. There was no significant relation between parental knowledge and mean DMFT (p= 0.30), while there was revers relation with number of extracted teeth (p= 0.02) and direct relation with number of filled tooth (p= 0.04). Conclusion: Parental awareness generally did not show significant relationship with DMFT, while by increasing their knowledge the number of missed teeth was decreased and the number of filled teeth was increased in visually impaired children.
Stereotypies, why and how

This paper summarizes recent findings on the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of stereotypic behaviours. The focus will be on the ‘how’ question and will in particular discuss the caustions of stereotypies and the underlying mechanism in which stereotypic behaviours develop. First I will outline stereotypic behaviours from a welfare perspective and address in brief the evolutionary aspect and possible functions of stereotypies (the ‘why’ question). This section will be more outlined in the discussion part. Then two paradigms in sciences will be discussed about the ‘how’ of stereotypic behaviours. The first will be from a physiological perspective, that supports the idea that a physiological discomfort is the trigger to perform a stereotypy. The second paradigm is from a neurophysiological point of view and shows that the development of a stereotypy is caused by changes in the mesoaccumbens dopamine pathway within the brain, which forms the base for the development of a stereotypic behaviour. This paradigm will be demonstrated with a neurological model of stereotypic development and shows chronic stress and a predisposition in the genotype as being extremely important to the underlying causes. With the extend that stereotypies can have advantages and disadvantages as well, it is questionable whether we should treat stereotypies or not. This will be more outlined in the discussion part.
Modulating cancer stemness provides luminal a breast cancer cells with HER2 positive-like features

Breast cancers can be classified into luminal A, luminal B, HER2 positive and triple-negative subtypes, each with a distinct therapeutic response. Tumor stemness drives cancer malignancy that challenges cancer control. Understanding the revolutionary relationships driven by tumor stemness among breast cancer subtypes is fundamental to identifying feasible therapeutic modalities for each breast cancer subtype. Utilizing the endogenous tRNA-processing system, we established a multiplexing CRISPR/dCas9 system in breast cancer cells, and applied it to a four-gene panel controlling cell potency, i.e., OCT4, KLF, MYC, SOX2. The stable cell strain, OKMS#1 was obtained through concomitantly over-expressing these genes in luminal A breast cancer cells. OKMS#1 cells showed increased invasion, proliferation and cancer stemness, shared similar drug response pattern with HER2 positive cells, and exhibited altered MAPK and enhanced NFkB signaling. This study contributes in providing an efficient multiplexing CRISPR/dCas9 system that enriches our genetic modulation tool box, and suggests that HER2 positive cells are potential progenitors of luminal A cells and that these two breast cancer subtypes may share similar treatment strategies once rewired between the two states. Our results also implicate that triple negative breast cancer cells, though sharing similar cancer stemness with HER2 positive cells, represent a distinct type of disease and require unique treatment solutions.
Tactile Perception of Virtual Edges and Gratings Displayed by Friction Modulation via Ultrasonic Actuation

Tactile discrimination and roughness perception of real textures are extensively studied and underlying perceptual mechanisms are relatively well-established. However, tactile perception of virtual textures rendered by friction modulation techniques on touch surfaces has not been investigated in detail yet. In this article, we investigated our ability to discriminate two consecutive step changes in friction (called edges), followed by discrimination and roughness perception of multiple edges (called periodic gratings). The results showed that discrimination of two consecutive edges was significantly influenced by edge sequence: a step fall in friction (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$FF$</tex-math></inline-formula>) followed by a step rise in friction (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RF$</tex-math></inline-formula>) was discriminated more easily than the reverse order. On the other hand, periodic gratings displayed by consecutive sequences of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$FF$</tex-math></inline-formula> followed by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RF$</tex-math></inline-formula> were perceived with the same acuity as compared to vice versa. Independent of the edge sequence, we found that a relative difference of 14% in spatial period was required to discriminate two periodic gratings. Moreover, the roughness perception of periodic gratings decreased with increasing spatial period for the range that we have investigated (spatial period <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>$</tex-math></inline-formula> 2 mm), despite the lack of spatial cues on grating height. We also observed that rate of change in friction coefficient was better correlated with the roughness perception than the friction coefficient itself. These results will further help to understand and design virtual textures for touch surfaces.
Interpretable Machine Learning

Interpretable machine learning has become a popular research direction as deep neural networks (DNNs) have become more powerful and their applications more mainstream, yet DNNs remain difficult to understand. Testing with Concept Activation Vectors, TCAV, (Kim et al. 2017) is an approach to interpreting DNNs in a human-friendly way and has recently received significant attention in the machine learning community. The TCAV algorithm achieves a degree of global interpretability for DNNs through human-defined concepts as explanations. This project introduces Robust TCAV, which builds on TCAV and experimentally determines best practices for this method. The objectives for Robust TCAV are 1) Making TCAV more consistent by reducing variance in the TCAV score distribution and 2) Increasing CAV and TCAV score resistance to perturbations. A difference of means method for CAV generation was determined to be the best practice to achieve both objectives. Many areas of the TCAV process are explored including CAV visualization in low dimensions, negative class selection, and activation perturbation in the direction of a CAV. Finally, a thresholding technique is considered to remove noise in TCAV scores. This project is a step in the direction of making TCAV, an already impactful algorithm in interpretability, more reliable and useful for practitioners.
Large-Scale Automatic K-Means Clustering for Heterogeneous Many-Core Supercomputer

This article presents an automatic <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq1-2955467.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$means$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq2-2955467.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> clustering solution targeting the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer. We first introduce a multilevel parallel partition approach that not only partitions by dataflow and centroid, but also by dimension, which unlocks the potential of the hierarchical parallelism in the heterogeneous many-core processor and the system architecture of the supercomputer. The parallel design is able to process large-scale clustering problems with up to 196,608 dimensions and over 160,000 targeting centroids, while maintaining high performance and high scalability. Furthermore, we propose an automatic hyper-parameter determination process for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq3-2955467.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$means$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq4-2955467.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> clustering, by automatically generating and executing the clustering tasks with a set of candidate hyper-parameter, and then determining the optimal hyper-parameter using a proposed evaluation method. The proposed auto-clustering solution can not only achieve high performance and scalability for problems with massive high-dimensional data, but also support clustering without sufficient prior knowledge for the number of targeted clusters, which can potentially increase the scope of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq5-2955467.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$means$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="yu-ieq6-2955467.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> algorithm to new application areas.