Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EasyUC: Using EasyCrypt to Mechanize Proofs of Universally Composable Security

We present a methodology for using the EasyCrypt proof assistant (originally designed for mechanizing the generation of proofs of game-based security of cryptographic schemes and protocols) to mechanize proofs of security of cryptographic protocols within the universally composable (UC) security framework. This allows, for the first time, the mechanization and formal verification of the entire sequence of steps needed for proving simulation-based security in a modular way: * Specifying a protocol and the desired ideal functionality; * Constructing a simulator and demonstrating its validity, via reduction to hard computational problems; * Invoking the universal composition operation and demonstrating that it indeed preserves security. We demonstrate our methodology on a simple example: stating and proving the security of secure message communication via a one-time pad, where the key comes from a Diffie-Hellman key-exchange, assuming ideally authenticated communication. We first put together EasyCrypt-verified proofs that: (a) the Diffie-Hellman protocol UC-realizes an ideal key-exchange functionality, assuming hardness of the Decisional Diffie-Hellman problem, and (b) one-time-pad encryption, with a key obtained using ideal key-exchange, UC-realizes an ideal secure-communication functionality. We then mechanically combine the two proofs into an EasyCrypt-verified proof that the composed protocol realizes the same ideal secure-communication functionality. Although formulating a methodology that is both sound and workable has proven to be a complex task, we are hopeful that it will prove to be the basis for mechanized UC security analyses for significantly more complex protocols and tasks.
A differential evolution algorithm to solve redundancy allocation problems

To improve system reliability without changing its nature, three methods are proposed. The first method uses more reliable components and the second method provides redundant components within the system. The third method is a combination of these two methods. The redundancy allocation problem (RAP) finds the appropriate mix of components and redundancies within a system to maximize its reliability or minimize its cost due to several constraints, such as cost, weight, and volume. This paper presents a methodology to solve the RAP, which is an NP-hard problem, modeled with discrete variables. In this paper, we use a metaheuristic to solve the RAP of a series–parallel system with a mix of components. Our metaheuristic offers a practical method with specific solution encoding, and combines a penalty function to solve large instances of the relaxed RAP, where different types of components can be used in parallel. The efficiency of the algorithm was tested through a set of well-known benchmark problems from the literature. Testing of the algorithm achieved satisfactory results in reasonable computing time.
Validation Analysis Methods of-Mangostin ,-Mangostin and Gartanin Mixture in Mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana L . ) Fruit Rind Extract from West Java with HPLC

Article history: Received on: 25/05/2017 Accepted on: 09/08/2017 Available online: 30/10/2017 The quantitative analysis methods for bioactive compounds in mangosteen pericarp have been reported. The purpose of this study is to validate the methods of analysis for α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, and gartanin in mangosteen rind extract derived from Bogor, Purwakarta, Subang and Tasikmalaya using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for routine analysis. The methods employed were Enduro C-18 reverse-phase (250 mm x 4.6 mm) column chromatography systems with Photo Diode Array detector 375 nm and acetonitrile: water containing 0.1% phosphoric acid (95:5) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and validation methods with parameters of linearity, limit of detection and quantification, precision, and accuracy. Mangosteen rind extracts were pre-treated with the technique of solid-phase extraction (SPE). The results of this study show that the validation results meet the requirements of the standard retention time of α-mangostin at 5.801 minutes, γ-mangostin at 4.707 minutes and gartanin at 5.290 minutes. The correlation coefficient (R) for each standard were 0.999, 0.999, and 0.999, respectively. The value of recovery for the α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, and gartanin were 100.32%, 102.31%, and 101.48%, respectively. The analysis shows that the levels of α mangostin, γ-mangostin, and gartanin from Bogor are 13.87%, 8.28% and 10.44%, respectively. The results from mangosteen pericarp extract from Purwakarta are 10.07% for α-mangostin, 6.33% for γ-mangostin, and 8.76% gartanin. Mangosteen pericarp extract from Subang has concentrations of α-mangostin at 10.88%, γmangostin at 6.01%, and gartanin at 8.08%. The contents of α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, and gartanin from Tasikmalaya are 8.53%, 6.07%, 17.28% respectively. This study concludes that the methods are valid and can be used for routine analysis.
CHD 4 mutations promote endometrial cancer stemness by activating TGF-beta signaling

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers of the female reproductive system. CHD4, a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation (NuRD) complex, is frequently mutated in these patients. However the role it plays in promoting endometrial tumorigenesis is poorly understood. Here, we use genetic engineering approaches to modulate CHD4 expression levels and functionally evaluate hot spot mutations R975H and R1162W. We find that CHD4 depletion induces up-regulation of the cancer stem cell (CSC) marker CD133. This CSC phenotype was verified functionally by invasion ability, spheroid formation, and tumorigenicity in vivo. While cells expressing mutated CHD4 did not display impaired CHD4 DNA recruitment or NuRD complex formation, the mutations did reduce the stability of CHD4 protein to phenocopy CHD4 depletion. Consistently, patients with mutant CHD4 showed overexpression of CD133. Network analysis indicated activation of the TGFβ signaling pathway may drive this CSC phenotype, and chemical blockade of TGFβ abrogated the ability CHD4 knockdown cells to form spheroids. Taken together, these results indicate that mutations in CHD4 can promote endometrial tumorigenesis by increasing CSC character through TGFβ signaling pathway.
Maternal dietary counseling during pregnancy and infant fatty acid profiles

Abstract We aimed to explore whether maternal dietary counseling to increase the intake of unsaturated fatty acids (FA) is reflected in infant FA status. Serum cholesteryl ester (CE) and triacylglycerol (TAG) FA were analyzed from infants of 45 women randomized to receive dietary counseling from the first trimester of pregnancy and 45 control women. Counseling resulted in a higher intake of polyunsaturated FA and a lower intake of saturated FA. The dietary intake was reflected in cord blood TAGs: the n−6 to n−3 FA ratio was lower [mean difference −0.50 (95%CI −0.95 to −0.06)] and the sum of n−3 FA was higher in the intervention than in the control group [1.46 (0.44 to 2.48)% of total FA]. Reasons for the lack of changes in the cord blood CE fraction and FA fractions at 1-month remain unclear, but may indicate that the changes achieved in the maternal diet through counseling were too modest.
An ‘ Ekalavya ’ Approach to Learning Context Free Grammar Rules for Sanskrit Using Adaptor Grammar

This work presents the use of Adaptor Grammar, a non-parametric Bayesian approach 1 for learning (Probabilistic) Context Free Grammar productions from data. In Adaptor 2 Grammar, we provide the set of non-terminals followed by a skeletal grammar that es3 tablishes the relations between the non-terminals in the grammar. The productions and 4 the associated probability for the productions are automatically learnt by the system 5 from the usages of words or sentences, i.e., the dataset. This facilitates the encoding 6 of prior linguistic knowledge through the skeletal grammar and yet the tiresome task 7 of finding the productions is delegated to the system. As the system completely learns 8 the grammar structure by observing the data. We call this approach as the ‘Ekalavya’ 9 approach. In this work, we discuss the effect of using Adaptor grammars for Sanskrit at 10 word-level supervised tasks such as compound type identification and also in identifying 11 source and derived words from corpora for derivational nouns. In both of the works, we 12 show the use of sub-word patterns learnt using Adaptor grammar as effective features 13 for their corresponding supervised tasks. We also present our novel approach of using 14 Adaptor Grammars for handling Structured Prediction tasks in Sanskrit. We present the 15 preliminary results for word reordering task in Sanskrit. We also outline our plan for the 16 use of Adaptor grammars for Dependency Parsing and Poetry to Prose Conversion tasks. 17
Effects of Depression on the Rehabilitation Motivation of Middle-Aged Stroke Patients-Focused on the Mediating Effects of Resilience

This study was a descriptive correlational study investigating the mediating effects of resilience in the relationship between depression and rehabilitation motivation in middle-aged stroke patients. There was a total of 185 middle-aged patients aged 40 to 64 years, who were diagnosed with stroke at a university hospital and rehabilitated at three local hospitals located in S city and four hospitals in U city. The data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire between the 1st and 31st of December in 2016. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and step-wise causal method using SPSS/WIN 22.0 statistical program. To test the statistical significance of the mediation effect, PROCESS and bootstrapping were used. The mean age of the subjects were 56.26±6.37 years. There were 70.3% male subjects, an average depression level was 21.21±7.09, an average resilience was 25.52±9.63, and rehabilitation motivation was 47.44±5.87. Depression was negatively related to resilience and rehabilitation motivation. However, resilience and rehabilitation motivation have a static correlation. These results confirmed that resilience appears to be a complete mediating effect in the relationship between depression and rehabilitation motivation. Therefore, it is important to develop a resilience enhancement program to improve the motivation of rehabilitation for stroke patients.
Challenges and Opportunities in Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass : Part II Upgrading options and promising applications in energy , biofuels and chemicals

Fast pyrolysis for liquids has been developed in recent decades as a fast and flexible method to provide high yields of liquid products. An overview of this promising field is given, with a comprehensive introduction as well as a practical guide to those thinking of applying bio-oils or fast pyrolysis liquids in various applications. It updates the literature with recent developments that have occurred since the reviews cited herein. Part I gave an introduction to the background, science, feedstocks, technology and products available for fast pyrolysis (1). Part II details some of the promising applications as well as pre-treatment and bio-oil upgrading options. The applications include use of bio-oil as an energy carrier, precursor to second generation biofuels, as a biorefinery concept and upgrading to fuels and chemicals.
BULBLET REGENERATION FROM IN VITRO ROOTS OF ORIENTAL LILY HYBRID

Root segments from the middle and distal zones of in vitro roots of oriental lily hybrid cultivar ‘Rosato’ were isolated and cultured on MS nutrient medium supplemented with IBA, NAA and 2,4-D alone or in combination with BA. Hormonefree MS medium was ineffective in inducing bulblet regeneration. Bulblets were induced when the medium contained either 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg l NAA, 2.0 mg l 2.4-D or 1.5 and 2.0 mg l BA. A significant increase in the percentage of explants producing bulblets and the number of bulblets per an explant was observed on medium containing 2 mg l -1 NAA in combination with 2 mg l BA. After ninety days of culture, the weighty bulblets were recorded on medium supplemented with 1 mg l NAA and 1.5 mg l 1 BA. The bulblets attaining the size of 14-16 cm flowered in two years in pots without any phenotypic variations
Research on the Construction of Local English Teaching Theory Based on Teaching Module

For the teaching module, this paper analyses the localized English teaching process from the macro level. Constructing a theoretical framework of English teaching based on core competence of English disciplines plays an important role in guiding English teaching practice. To improve teachers' professional English level, modular teaching method is adopted to construct an evaluation system suitable for teaching modular English, improve English teaching and enhance the awareness of theoretical research, promote the localization of English teaching theory in Chinese schools, and develop local English teaching into an inevitable English teaching. Studies have shown that in the setting of teaching purposes, the local English teaching theory should undoubtedly combine the connotation and characteristics of the core literacy of English subjects. On the basis of local English teaching practice, it further expands the comprehensive teaching purpose to meet the needs of the new era.
LITHOGEOCHEMISTRY OF VOLCANIC ROCKS ASSOCIATED WITH VOLCANOGENIC MASSIVE SULPHIDE DEPOSITS AND APPLICATIONS TO EXPLORATION

Volcanic lithogeochemistry is a powerful tool in the exploration for volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. Primary lithogeochemical signatures associated with volcanic rocks (petrochemical signatures) provide critical information on the petrogenetic history and tectonic setting of volcanic rocks, which in turn provide information on the thermal and geodynamic regime in which a belt has formed. Combined with stratigraphic context, the geochemistry of mafic and felsic rocks can be used to outline petrochemical assemblages, which delineate potentially fertile from less fertile volcanic basins on a regional scale. Once fertile areas are delineated, alteration lithogeochemistry can be utilized to elucidate the superimposed effects of VMS-associated hydrothermal alteration. Recharge zones and semi-conformable alteration zones distal from mineralized zones (i.e. kms to 10s of kms) are characterized by patchy alteration and associated Mg-Na-Ca-Fe±(Si,CO2) enrichments and metal depletions. In contrast, areas proximal to upflow or discharge zones (i.e. proximal or pipe-like alteration) are characterized by strong Na-Ca-depletions and variable enrichments in Fe, Mg, Si, K, metals±(CO2). The utilization of lithogeochemical data coupled with mass balance calculations, normative mineral plots, alteration indexes, and excellent geological and geophysical control can allow one to identify what part of the VMS alteration system one is in. Piercey, S.J., 2009, Lithogeochemistry of volcanic rocks associated with volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits and applications to exploration, in Submarine Volcanism and Mineralization: Modern through Ancient, (eds.) B. Cousens and S.J. Piercey; Geological Association of Canada, Short Course 29-30 May 2008, Quebec City, Canada, p. 15-40. alteration/stringer zone subvolcanic intrusion lower semiconformable alteration zone fracture/fault zones Fe Zn
Observational Social Network Studies Homophily and Contagion Are Generically Confounded in

The authors consider processes on social networks that can potentially involve three factors: homophily, or the formation of social ties due to matching individual traits; social contagion, also known as social influence; and the causal effect of an individual’s covariates on his or her behavior or other measurable responses. The authors show that generically, all of these are confounded with each other. Distinguishing them from one another requires strong assumptions on the parametrization of the social process or on the adequacy of the covariates used (or both). In particular the authors demonstrate, with simple examples, that asymmetries in regression coefficients cannot identify causal effects and that very simple models of imitation (a form of social contagion) can produce substantial correlations between an individual’s enduring traits and his or her choices, even when there is no intrinsic affinity between them. The authors also suggest some possible constructive responses to these results. Article Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Corresponding Author: Cosma Rohilla Shalizi, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15231-3890, USA Email: cshalizi@stat.cmu. edu Sociological Methods & Research 40(2) 211–239 a The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0049124111404820 http://smr.sagepub.com at UNIV OF OREGON on May 10, 2012 smr.sagepub.com Downloaded from
Council for High Blood Pressure Research Stroke Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular and Towfighi,

Stroke Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular and Towfighi, Viola Vaccarino and Matthew R. Walters Piña, Mathew J. Reeves, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Gustavo Saposnik, Vineeta Singh, Amytis Fedder, Karen L. Furie, Virginia J. Howard, Judith H. Lichtman, Lynda D. Lisabeth, Ileana L. Cheryl Bushnell, Louise D. McCullough, Issam A. Awad, Monique V. Chireau, Wende N. Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Women: A Statement for Healthcare Print ISSN: 0039-2499. Online ISSN: 1524-4628 Copyright © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Stroke published online February 6, 2014; Stroke. http://stroke.ahajournals. org/content/early/2014/02/06/01.str. 0000442009.06663. 48 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
A CASE REPORT OF AN UNUSUAL CASE OF COLLAGENOUS GASTRITIS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHROMATOSIS

Collagenous gastritis is a rare histopathologic disease, characterized by thickened subepithelial collagen bands in the gastric mucosa associated with an inflammatory infiltrates. It is very rare among the general population and is extremely rare without colonic involvement. It is usually not associated with Systemic Lupus Erythromatosis, although few incidences have been worldwide. We present a 53-year-old woman with dyspepsia and mild anemia, with significant past medical history for systemic lupus erythromatosis and hypothyroidism. On endoscopic examination, her upper and lower gastrointestinal tract was normal, however, findings of histopathology examination correlate with collagenous gastritis. Since, association of systemic lupus erythomatosis with collagenous gastritis is extremely rare, further studies are needed to evaluate the association between both diseases from a pathophysiological and immunological perspective.
Strategic IPO Underpricing, Information Momentum, and Lockup Expiration Selling

Managers of firms going public usually do not sell their own shares at the initial public offering. Instead, they often sell a portion of their shares at the end of the lockup period. We develop a model in which the manager strategically underprices the IPO in order to maximize his wealth from selling shares at lockup expiration. First-day underpricing creates information momentum, i.e., it generates incremental comments and recommendations by research analysts, especially by non-lead underwriter analysts. This increased research coverage shifts the demand curve for the stock outwards, allowing the manager to sell shares at the lockup expiration at prices higher than he would otherwise be able to obtain. We test the model on a sample IPOs in the 1990s. We find that managerial share and option holdings are positively correlated with first-day underpricing and that higher first-day underpricing leads to more analyst research coverage. We also find that research coverage is positively correlated with stock price performance through the lockup expiration and with insider selling at the expiration of the lockup. Overall, the empirical results are consistent with the model.
Chapter 2 Scoring and Phases of Crystallization

The practice of scoring of protein crystallization screening results is more honored in the breach than in the observance. However, as we hope to show in the balance of this treatise, it can lead to a means for extracting more information than immediately apparent from a crystallization experiment. Scoring has advantages beyond simple good scientific note-keeping practice; the act of objectively examining one’s results, with some thought added, can lead to a deeper appreciation of what led to those results, be it at the protein, screening solution, or mechanics of setting up the plate level. The first goal is to have a system which reflects an increase in the desirability of the results obtained with the numerical score. The scoring scale does not have to be complex or extensive; a 10-point scale is elaborated on herein. However, the scale should clearly distinguish between classes of desirable outcomes.
Synchronization of motor unit activity during voluntary contraction in man.

1. Motor unit synchronization has been studied in human first dorsal interosseous muscle. 2. Two needle electrodes were inserted into the muscle and the activity of pairs of motor units recorded. 3. Pre‐ and post‐stimulus histograms of the firing of unit pairs showed a narrow central peak of duration 1.3‐9.3 ms (88% of sample in the range 1‐6 ms; mode 3.0 ms), together with a variable amount of synchronization of somewhat longer duration. 4. For the duration of the whole synchronization peak (85% sample in range 5‐15 ms; mode between 6.1 and 8.0 ms (31% of sample], units fired between 8 and 485% times more often than would have been expected had the units been firing independently of one another. Amplitudes of the peak of the recorded histograms expressed as a proportion of control ranged from 1.8 to 10.9 (mean 3.9; bin width 160 microseconds). 5. The strength of synchronization between the firing of motor unit pairs was inversely related to differences in recruitment threshold. The largest amount of synchronization was observed for pairs of units in which both had recruitment thresholds less than 0.5 N or greater than 1.0 N. Less synchronization was found between pairs of units in which one had a recruitment threshold less than 0.05 N and the other a threshold greater than 1.0 N. 6. The time course of synchronization was well matched by the predictions of a theoretical model based on the hypothesis that underlying the observed synchronization is the joint arrival of EPSPs from branched last‐order input fibres.