Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A QPSK 110-Gb/s Polarization-Diversity MIMO Wireless Link With a 220–255 GHz Tunable LO in a SiGe HBT Technology

In this article, a polarization-diversity technique multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is demonstrated to double the spectral efficiency of a line-of-sight quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) wireless link at 220–255 GHz with a pair of highly integrated single-chip transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) front-end modules in 0.13- $\mu \text{m}$ SiGe HBT technology ( $f~_{T}/f~_{max}\,\,=350$ /550 GHz) exploiting only a low-cost wire-bonded chip-on-board packaging solution for high-speed baseband (BB) signals. Both TX and RX chips accommodate two independent fundamentally operated direct-conversion in-phase and quadrature (IQ) paths with separately tunable on-chip multiplier-based ( $\times 16$ ) local oscillator (LO) generation paths driven from a single external highly stable 13.75–16-GHz frequency synthesizer. On the RX side, a mixer-first architecture is implemented to improve the symmetry between upper and lower sidebands (USB and LSB) at the cost of an increased noise figure (NF), whereas, on the TX chip, each upconversion mixer is followed by a gain–bandwidth (BW)-limited four-stage power amplifier (PA) to support the link budget at a meter distance. Next, two independent IQ data streams from the upconversion/downconversion paths on each chip are directed to a common lens-coupled broadband on-chip slot antenna system. This way, two orthogonal circular polarizations [left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) and right-handed circular polarization (RHCP)] can be transmitted with sufficient isolation for link operation without the need for a high-speed depolarizer in the BB for any relative orientation between TX and RX modules. The antenna combined with a 9-mm diameter Si-lens provides a directivity of 23.5–27 dBi at 210–270 GHz for each of the modules. This, along with a peak radiated power of 7.5 dBm/ch from the TX module, and the cascaded conversion gain (CG)/single sideband (SSB) NF of 18/18 dB/ch for the RX module followed by a broadband amplifier (PSPL5882) from Tektronix allowed successful transmission of two independent QPSK data streams with an aggregate speed of 110 and 80 Gb/s over 1 and 2 m, respectively, at 230 GHz with a board-level limited channel BB bandwidth (BW) of 13.5 GHz.
Ranked Archive Differential Evolution with Selective Pressure for CEC 2020 Numerical Optimization*

The single-objective numerical optimization is an important research field due to variety of real world applications. One of the most promising classes of numerical optimization algorithms is Differential Evolution. This paper proposes a new algorithm called RASP-SHADE to solve the CEC 2020 Bound Constrained Single Objective Optimization benchmark problems. The developed algorithm is based on the L-SHADE with Distance-based success history adaptation, incudes parameter adaptations of the jSO algorithm, and introduces several novelties. The ranking of population and archive according to fitness introduces the selective pressure, resulting in a new mutation strategy. A new archive update rule is applied with replacing only worst points and the parameters sampling scheme is changed. The experiments show that RASP-SHADE modifications result in significant improvements when compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms.
A Benchmark for Antenna Correlation Measurements

Multielement antennas have become a central part of most communication systems, and yet their design and evaluation remain a challenge. A key parameter is the correlation matrix, which relates the antenna patterns and the multipath propagation. The correlation governs communication metrics such as the various capacities, error rates, and outages. Calculation of the correlation matrix requires accurate measurements of the complex far-field patterns of the antennas, and there is a need to verify that both the measurement and the calculation are accurate. An approach is presented for benchmarking the measured correlation accuracy by using a biconical antenna with a closed-form expression for its wideband correlation function. The approach is demonstrated by checking both physical and numerical experiments (simulation) against the theory. It benchmarks the accuracy of both the measurement and calculation stages for the antenna correlation in a rich isotropic multipath propagation environment.
Dietary Polyphenols for Prostate Cancer Therapy

This review describes the potential of a variety of physiologically active natural dietary polyphenols (PPhs) and their analogues, including derivatives of flavonoids, stilbenes, lignans, curcuminoids, and tannins, for prostate cancer chemotherapy. The large number of scientific papers on PPhs published during the last decade, particularly those focused on their therapeutic potential against prostate cancer cell lines, indicates rising interest in this group of compounds. Sev- eral polyphenolic agents are currently being investigated in advanced clinical trials as prominent cancer drug candidates while hundreds of related compounds are being evaluated in early clinical and preclinical studies. The review also covers the key mechanisms of antitumor action of natural PPhs against cancer cells.
Let's Explore Glycoland!

Although involvement of informational sugar chains has proved essential in extensive biological phenomena, explanations given for understanding the true meaning of sugar recognition are not satisfactory except in a limited number of cases. Comprehension of the peculiar nature of sugar recognition is essential for understanding the true roles of sugar chains in life. This article is intended to give some clue for better understanding of sugar recognition, completely different from recognition of nucleic acids and proteins, on the basis of three key words, non-linear, fuzzy, and weak.
Ethylene-induced rise of abscisic acid levels and ACC oxidase activity in immature melons

SummaryImmature cantaloupe charentais melons (Cucumis melo L. cv. Alpha) were harvested ten days before their optimum picking date, treated for 2 d with 100 ppm ethylene and kept at 21°C 85% r.h. for 10 d for further ripening. The treated immature fruits were compared with untreated immature or mature melons. C02, ethylene, ACC oxidase activity and abscisic acid levels were measured. Ethylene treatment induced ACC oxidase activity in immature fruits, whereas ACC and MACC levels remained low, which may indicate a lack of ACC synthase activity. Ethylene treatment also induced an increase in ABA levels in both skin and pulp. Relationships between ethylene and ABA content is discussed.
Flexible, Air Dryable, and Fiber Modified Aerogel-Based Wet Electrode for Electrophysiological Monitoring

This study presents a novel type of wet electrode material for electrophysiological monitoring based on a conductive aerogel film. The electrode material incorporates cellulose nanocrystal and fiber as a biocompatible polymer and multi-walled carbon nanotube as a conductive filler. The fabricated electrode is fully characterized to explore the chemical, mechanical, electrical, and water absorption properties. The wet aerogel film presents suitable mechanical flexibility owing to the use of fiber enabling it to be conformal to curved surfaces like human body. The water absorption percentage of the fabricated aerogel film is extremely high (∼500%) due to the porosity of the film and hydrophilicity of the base polymer allowing it for effective wet electrode applications. The film is air dryable with a fast (∼10 min) and facile wetting process granting the electrode application for long-term, multiple use, and remote monitoring of patients. The electrical impedance range of the fabricated aerogel electrodes is relatively low (20 Ω/cm2-370 Ω/cm2) which is within the range of use for various electrophysiological monitoring purposes such as electrocardiography (ECG) and electroencephalography (EEG). Overall, the presented study introduces a novel wet electrode based on porous and electrically conductive aerogel film to be used for various biomedical applications.
Information Retrieval and Awareness about Evidence-Based Dentistry among Dental Undergraduate Students—A Comparative Study between Students from Malaysia and Finland

Background: A fundamental skill in education includes the ability to search for, evaluate, and synthesize information, and this cannot be underestimated in dental education. The aim of this study was to assess how dental students from Malaysia and Finland acquire scientific information and to compare their information retrieval skills. Methods: Fourth and fifth-year dental students from Malaysia and Finland were invited to participate. A self-administered structured questionnaire including items about the use of information sources, subjective assessment of literature retrieval skills and knowledge was used. Results: A total of 226 dental students participated in the survey: 131 from Malaysia and 95 from Finland. In both countries, the highest interest for data retrieval among students was found in the oral surgery specialty. The three most used sources of information among Malaysian students were personal lecture notes, dental textbooks, and colleagues; while Finnish students used colleagues, lecture notes, and current clinical guidelines. Students’ knowledge of evidence-based practice was inadequate in both student groups. Though the majority of participants reported that they had good or passable skills in literature retrieval, more students from Finland judged themselves to have at least good skills compared to those from Malaysia. Conclusion: Dental education in both countries includes information retrieval studies and mandatory research projects. However, students did not often use those sources that are considered essential in evidence-based dentistry. Universities should further develop educational and training interventions that guide students to use knowledge resources more effectively for critically appraising scientific evidence.
Fluorescent Diagnostic Probes in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases are debilitating disorders that feature progressive and selective loss of function or structure of anatomically or physiologically associated neuronal systems. Both chronic and acute neurodegenerative diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality along with the death of neurons in different areas of the brain; moreover, there are few or no effective curative therapy options for treating these disorders. There is an urgent need to diagnose neurodegenerative disease as early as possible, and to distinguish between different disorders with overlapping symptoms that will help to decide the best clinical treatment. Recently, in neurodegenerative disease research, fluorescent‐probe‐mediated biomarker visualization techniques have been gaining increasing attention for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. A survey of fluorescent probes for sensing and imaging biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases is provided. These imaging probes are categorized based on the different potential biomarkers of various neurodegenerative diseases, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Guides to develop new sensing strategies, recognition mechanisms, as well as the ideal features to further improve neurodegenerative disease fluorescence imaging are also explored.
The Evolution of Imprinted microRNAs and Their RNA Targets

Mammalian genomes contain many imprinted microRNAs. When an imprinted miRNA targets an unimprinted mRNA their interaction may have different fitness consequences for the loci encoding the miRNA and mRNA. In one possible outcome, the mRNA sequence evolves to evade regulation by the miRNA by a simple change of target sequence. Such a response is unavailable if the targeted sequence is strongly constrained by other functions. In these cases, the mRNA evolves to accommodate regulation by the imprinted miRNA. These evolutionary dynamics are illustrated using the examples of the imprinted C19MC cluster of miRNAs in primates and C2MC cluster in mice that are paternally expressed in placentas. The 3′ UTR of PTEN, a gene with growth-related and metabolic functions, appears to be an important target of miRNAs from both clusters.
Effect of a Concurrent Cognitive Task, with Stabilizing Visual Information and Withdrawal, on Body Sway Adaptation of Parkinsonian’s Patients in an Off-Medication State: A Controlled Study

Background: In persons with Parkinson’s disease (pwPD) any additional somatosensory or distractor interference can influence the posture. When deprivation of vision and dual-task are associated, the effect on biomechanical performance is less consistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the visual deprivation and a cognitive task on the static balance in earlier stage PD subjects. Methods: Fifteen off-medication state pwPD (9 women and 6 men), 67.7 ± 7.3 years old, diagnosed PD since 5.4 ± 3.4 years, only Hoehn and Yahr state 2 and fifteen young control adults (7 women and 8 men) aged 24.9 ± 4.9 years, performed semi-tandem task under four randomized experimental conditions: eyes opened single-task, eyes closed single-task, eyes opened dual-task and eyes closed dual-task. The center of pressure (COP) was measured using a force plate and electromyography signals (EMG) of the ankle/hip muscles were recorded. Traditional parameters, including COP pathway length, ellipse area, mediolateral/anteroposterior root-mean-square and non-linear measurements were computed. The effect of vision privation, cognitive task, and vision X cognitive was investigated by a 2 (eyes opened/eyes closed) × 2 (postural task alone/with cognitive task) repeated-measures ANOVA after application of a Bonferroni pairwise correction for multiple comparisons. Significant interactions were further analyzed using post-hoc tests. Results: In pwPD, both COP pathway length (p < 0.01), ellipse area (p < 0.01) and mediolateral/anteroposterior root-mean-square (p < 0.01) were increased with the eyes closed, while the dual-task had no significant effect when compared to the single-task condition. Comparable results were observed in the control group for who COP pathway was longer in all conditions compared to eyes opened single-task (p < 0.01) and longer in conditions with eyes closed compared to eyes opened dual-task (p < 0.01). Similarly, all differences in EMG activity of pwPD were exclusively observed between eyes opened vs. eyes closed conditions, and especially for the forward leg’s soleus (p < 0.01) and backward tibialis anterior (p < 0.01). Conclusions: These results in pwPD without noticeable impairment of static balance encourage the assessment of both visual occlusion and dual-task conditions when the appearance of significant alteration during the dual-task could reveal the subtle worsening onset of the balance control.
Trefoil Factor 2 (TFF2) as a Surrogate Marker for Endocervical Gastric-type Carcinoma

Gastric-type carcinoma (GAS) is the most common human papilloma virus–independent endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA), characterized by an aggressive behavior. Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) is a mucin-associated peptide expressed in normal gastric but not endocervical glands. This study was carried out to investigate whether TFF2 could be a surrogate marker to separate GAS from other types of ECA. ECAs from 9 international institutions were reviewed for consensus histotype. Of them, expression of TFF2 was immunohistochemically examined compared with that of HIK1083, using whole sections of 50 ECAs (10 GASs and 40 non-GASs) and 179 ECAs (24 GASs and 155 non-GASs) with tissue microarrays (TMAs). TMAs were assessed to simulate assessment of immunohistochemical stains in small biopsies. Both markers were similarly scored, and any cytoplasmic/membranous staining of >5% of tumor cells was considered positive. Of 50 ECAs with whole sections, TFF2 was significantly more frequently expressed in GASs (8/10) compared with non-GASs (5/40) (P<0.01). In 179 ECAs with TMAs, TFF2 was also significantly more frequently expressed in GASs (7/24) compared with non-GASs (4/155) (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in specificity among the 2 markers. Double positivity for TFF2 and HIK1083 in ECAs was highly specific in separating GASs from non-GAS (P<0.01). A significantly smaller percentage of GASs were TFF2 positive in TMAs than in whole sections (P<0.01). Our results suggest that TFF2 is a promising marker, along with HIK1083, to confirm a diagnosis of GAS. This marker may be negative in small biopsies, indicating the necessity of using other exclusionary markers in combination with rigorous morphologic review and extensive sampling in resection specimens.
Evidence for Attentional Phenotypes in Infancy and Their Role in Visual Cognitive Performance

Infant visual attention rapidly develops during the first year of life, playing a pivotal role in the way infants process, learn, and respond to their visual world. It is possible that individual differences in eye movement patterns shape early experience and thus subsequent cognitive development. If this is the case, then it may be possible to identify sub-optimal attentional behaviors in infancy, before the emergence of cognitive deficit. In Experiment 1, a latent profile analysis was conducted on scores derived from the Infant Orienting with Attention (IOWA) task, a cued-attention task that measures individual differences in spatial attention and orienting proficiency. This analysis identified three profiles that varied substantially in terms of attentional efficiency. The largest of these profiles (“high flexible”, 55%) demonstrated functionally optimal patterns of attentional functioning with relatively rapid, selective, and adaptive orienting responses. The next largest group (“low reactive”, 39.6%) demonstrated low attentional sensitivity with slow, insensitive orienting responses. The smallest group (“high reactive”, 5.4%) demonstrated attentional over-sensitivity, with rapid, unselective and inaccurate orienting responses. A linear mixed effect model and growth curve analysis conducted on 5- to 11-month-old eye tracking data revealed significant stable differences in growth trajectory for each phenotype group. Results from Experiment 2 demonstrated the ability of attentional phenotypes to explain individual differences in general cognitive functioning, revealing significant between-phenotype group differences in performance on a visual short-term memory task. Taken together, results presented here demonstrate that attentional phenotypes are present early in life and predict unique patterns of growth from 5 to 11 months, and may be useful in understanding the origin of individual differences in general visuo-cognitive functioning.
Glucose Metabolism Quantified by SUVmax on Baseline FDG-PET/CT Predicts Survival in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients: Combined Harmonized Analysis of Two Prospective Phase III Trials

Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with high morbidity and mortality and variable survival that requires early identification of high-risk patients in order to quickly adapt treatment. FDG-PET/CT is a promising technique for initial staging of symptomatic MM. The aim of our retrospective study was to asses the prognostic value of this technique at baseline in symptomatic MM patients included in two large European prospective studies. After harmonization of data by and ad-hoc approach called M-Combat, we confirmed the prognostic value of FDG-PET/CT in a population of 227 MM patients, by integrating a new prognostic biomarker named “bone SUVmax” (including the maximum intensity of fixation of focal lesions and bone marrow) which is strongly correlated with a poorer prognosis of MM patients. Prognostic patient stratification is currently based on laboratory tests and genomic abnormalities, but FDG-PET/CT is likely to be an important method of defining high-risk patients, and thus, to potentially better adapt future therapeutic management. Abstract Background: Multiple myeloma is a hematological neoplasm characterized by a clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality and variable survival. Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography using 18F-deoxyfluoroglucose (FDG-PET/CT) is a promising technique for initial staging of symptomatic multiple myeloma patients. The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic value of this technique at baseline in symptomatic multiple myeloma patients included in two large European prospective studies (French and Italian). Methods: We retrospectively performed a combined harmonized analysis of 227 newly diagnosed transplant eligible multiple myeloma patients from two separate phase III trials. All images were centrally reviewed and analyzed using visual criteria and maximal standardized uptake value. An ad-hoc approach (called modified Combat) was applied to harmonize the data and then remove the “country effect” in order to strengthen the reliability of the final conclusions. Results: Using a multivariate analysis including treatment arm, R-ISS score, presence of extra-medullary disease and bone SUVmax, only bone SUVmax (p = 0.016) was an independent prognosis factor with an OS threshold of 7.1. For PFS, treatment arm and presence of extra-medullary disease were both independent prognosis biomarkers (p = 0.022 and 0.006 respectively). Conclusions: Our results show that bone SUVmax is a simple and reliable biomarker to analyze FDG-PET/CT at baseline that strongly correlates with a poorer prognosis for MM patients.
Soybean Cyst Nematode in the Midwest: Current Status and Future Directions*

SCN is a microscopic worm. But the body of the adult SCN female swells and takes on a lemon shape and fills with eggs as an adult. When the SCN female dies, the body wall becomes a hardened cyst around the eggs. Eggs of SCN can stay alive and dormant (unhatched) within a cyst in the soil for a decade or more, so fields remain infested with the nematode even when soybeans are not grown for many years.
Enhanced thermotolerance of Arabidopsis by chitooligosaccharides-induced CERK1n-ERc fusion gene

ABSTRACT Heat stress is a major growth-limiting factor for most crops over the world. Chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (CERK1) is a chitin/chitooligosaccharides receptor, and ERECTA (ER) plays a crucial role in plant resistance to heat stress. In the present study, a chitooligosaccharides-induced CERK1n-ERc fusion gene was designed and synthesized, in which the extracellular domain and transmembrane domain of CERK1 gene is connected with the response region of ER gene. We successfully constructed the CERK1n-ERc fusion gene by Overlap PCR and introduced it into Arabidopsis by Agrobacterium-medicated infection. Genetically modified (GM) plants had a greater germination rate and germination index, as well as a shorter mean germination time, indicating that they had a better thermotolerance compared with the wild-type (WT) lines under heat stress. Moreover, the GM lines showed a lower level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and relative electrolyte leakage (REL), suggesting that they were in better state compared with the WT plants when exposed to high temperature. UPLC-MS/MS was employed to assess the phytohormone level, suggesting that the GM lines acquired a better thermotolerance via jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways. In general, we constructed a COS-induced fusion gene to enhance the thermotolerance of Arabidopsis during seed germination and postgermination growth.