Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variabilidade isoesterásica associada a genes de resistência à ferrugem da folha do trigo

Yield redutions associated with leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, are recorded for Brazilian wheat (Triticum aestivum) crops. Incorporation of genetic resistance and knowing the number of genes involved are important tools for plant genetic breeding programs, which are consistently introducing qualitative resistance in cultivars aiming to cope with new races of the pathogen. Biochemical techniques, based upon the analysis of the polymorphism of enzymes, provide a rapid and accurate detection of molecular markers and, also, play a valuable support role in breeding programs for predicting the identification of resistant and susceptible genotypes. The objective of this investigation was to carry out a phytopathological and molecular assessment of the haplodiploid population Trigo BR 35 (resistant)/IAC13-Lorena (susceptible) as to its adult plant resistance to leaf rust, as well as to the genetic similarity available in the progeny haplodiploidized in F1 generation. From a total of 96 double haploid lines evaluated for leaf rust, at adult-plant stage, 29 were resistant, 15 were susceptible and 52 showed less resistance than Trigo BR 35 than that presented by IAC 13-Lorena. The genetic analysis showed that the resistance was due to two partially dominant genes. In the biochemical analysis, made through isoenzymatic esterase system, six bands were detected, all of them anodic and with alpha-esterasic specificity the relative migration varied from 0,09 to 0,69. A high genetic similarity was detected, which confirmed isoesterasic analyses, for the 96 double haploid lines.
Remarks On the Santiidae Kussakin, 1988, and On the Genus Santia Sivertsen & Holthuis, 1980, With Two Redescriptions (Isopoda, Asellota)

[Two santiids from the Magellan Strait are redescribed: Santia compacta Sivertsen & Holthuis, 1980, and S. hispida (Vanhoffen, 1914). The taxonomic status of S. bicornis (Cleret, 1971) is discussed. New characters of the Santiidae Kussakin, 1988, and of the genus Santia Sivertsen & Holthuis, 1980, respectively, are discussed. The diagnosis of Santia presented by Wolff (1989), is extended. , Two santiids from the Magellan Strait are redescribed: Santia compacta Sivertsen & Holthuis, 1980, and S. hispida (Vanhoffen, 1914). The taxonomic status of S. bicornis (Cleret, 1971) is discussed. New characters of the Santiidae Kussakin, 1988, and of the genus Santia Sivertsen & Holthuis, 1980, respectively, are discussed. The diagnosis of Santia presented by Wolff (1989), is extended. ]
Genetic Analysis Reveals Restricted Dispersal of Northern Rockfish along the Continental Margin of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands

Abstract The effective conservation and management of a species require knowledge of its population structure and life history. Fish that are mobile, long-lived, and abundant and that have pelagic larvae are often presumed to disperse over large geographic areas. However, if the individuals of such a species have limited dispersal, spatial scale must be considered when developing management plans. The economically and ecologically important northern rockfish Sebastes polyspinis, which is most abundant along the continental margin of the Aleutian Islands, has the potential to disperse widely during its life. The population genetic structure of a species provides a window into its demographic structure. Consequently, the variation at 11 microsatellite loci was used to characterize the geographic structure and connectivity of northern rockfish collected in 2004 along the continental margin of the Bering Sea slope and the Aleutian Islands. Significant genetic structure (F ST = 0.0017) was detected, and a sign.
Increasing relative abundance of Porites astreoides on Caribbean reefs mediated by an overall decline in coral cover

On most coral reefs, the percentage cover of scleractinian corals has declined greatly over the last 30 yr; some species that are more resistant to mortality have been less affected than others. Porites astreoides is one species that has become a more prominent com- ponent of coral reef communities throughout the Caribbean. Analyses of coral reefs in shallow water (5 to 6 m depth) at 6 locations spanning a 4100 km arc of the Caribbean were used to evaluate the contri- bution of P. astreoides to contemporary reefs. Photo- quadrats recorded in 2003/2004 were used to esti- mate the percentage cover and colony density of P. astreoides, and colony size-frequency structure was analyzed to gain insight into demographic processes. At all locations, reefs were characterized by <15% coral cover, but 16 to 72% of this cover was P. astreoides, at mean densities of 1.76 colonies per 0.25 m 2 . Most of these colonies (62%) were ≤50 cm 2 in size, demonstrating that the populations were young and influenced strongly by recruitment. Comparison to historical data collected between 1974 and 1992 suggests that the relative percentage cover of P. astreoides in shallow water reef habitats has increased at a rate of 1.5% yr -1 , from <20% in the 1970s to 50% in 2003/2004. These findings indicate that community structure of Caribbean coral reefs is changing on a decadal time scale to become dominated by 'weedy' corals that form rapidly growing, small colonies that are short lived and quickly replaced.
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN A POLLUTED SALINE LAKE, ONONDAGA LAKE, NEW YORK 1, 2, 3

Onondaga Lake, possibly the most polluted lake in New York State, supports an algal flora characteristic of a eutrophic lake with an admixture of saline species. Floral diversity is noteworthy under the circumstances. Seasons in the lake may be identified by the succession of flora. High salinity of lake water results in layering at the outfall (as in an estuary, in reverse) such that river water may enter the lake at the outlet despite continuous net outflow. Certain species of algae appeared first at the outflow station and then spread through the lake. Phosphorus and nitrogen are never limiting, although seasonal diminution in the latter may influence the composition of the flora. Silica diminution was related to blooms of diatoms and may then be limiting for further growth of diatom populations. No obvious controlling relationship exists between herbivores and phytoplankton populations. The euphotic layer is typically much shallower than the thermocline. Therefore turbulence and mixing may play an important role in controlling certain populations. A brief midsummer clearing in 1969, characteristic for the lake, resulted in serious oxygen depletion and cannot be accounted for with the available data. Among metals, chromium and copper are high in the lake as the result of industrial discharges. The former may be inhibiting, the latter probably is inhibiting to algal growth. Consequently, measures underway to “clean up” the lake may result in increased blooms. Biomass calculations have been made for the major phytoplankters, and a list of 82 species is presented.
Immunochemical Detection of Oxalic Acid Monoamides That Are Formed during the Oxidative Reaction of l-Ascorbic Acid and Proteins

Covalent binding of l-ascorbic acid (AA) to proteins (protein ascorbylation) occurs during food processing and storage and in vivo. It contributes, for example, to browning and various changes in the physical and physiological properties of proteins. Since oxalic acid monoalkylamides (OMAs) are formed in high yields from AA and primary amines under oxidative conditions, it was determined if OMAs also represent an ascorbylation product of proteins. Therefore a polyclonal anti-OMA antibody was raised, and a high-titer antiserum was obtained which is specific against OMA. In a competitive ELISA total binding inhibition was achieved by ascorbylated protein, indicating that ascorbylation of proteins leads to the formation of OMA. OMA is only formed under aerobic conditions. Proteins, which were glycosylated with other carbohydrates such as glucose, did not show cross-reactivity, indicating that the antiserum can be used to detect OMA as a specific marker for ascorbylation. Keywords: l-Ascorbic acid; ascorbylat.
The Distribution of Glossina Species in Africa and Their Natural Hosts

The distribution of 31 Glossina spp. and subspecies belonging to fusca, palpalis and morsitans groups is given for 38 African countries. The natural hosts of 17 tsetse species and subspecies from many areas within different regions of Africa are also given. These were collated from the results of both published and unpublished work, for the period 1953 to 1991 inclusive, comprising altogether 47,697 bloodmeals. This review is aimed to provide current knowledge on the distribution as well as the natural hosts of tsetse. RésuméCet article rapporte la distribution dans 38 pays Africains de 31 espèces et sous-espèces de glossines appartenant aux groupes fusca, palpalis et morsitans. Y sont également décrits les hôtes naturels de 17 espèces et sous-espèces de tsétsé dans diverses régions d’Afrique. Cette synthèse a été effectuée à partir de résultats publiés ou non publiés entre 1953 et 1991, comportant l’analyse de 47,697 repas de sang. Cette revue a pour but de rapporter les données actuelles concernant la distribution et les hôtes naturels des mouches tsétsé.
Remote Senslng and Depth Distribution of Ocean Chlorophyll

This note considers how chlorophyll, as estimated from Coastal Zone Color Scanner (Nimbus 7 satellite) data, is related to the chlorophyll concentration in the oceanic water column. In spite of some limitations, the remotely sensed chlorophyll concentration can be used a s an index of the mean water column chlorophyll. Chlorophyll imagery provides synoptic measurements, impractical to obtain from ships alone, and hence may be of considerable importance in phytoplankton ecology. It has been demonstrated that data from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) on the Nimbus 7 satellite can be processed to provide quantitative chlorophyll maps of an oceanographic region within an accuracy of 0.5 log C (More1 and Prieur, 1977; Gordon et al., 1980; Hovis et al., 1980; Smith and Baker, submitted, 1981). This note discusses the issue of how chlorophyll, as estimated from CZCS imagery, is related to the water column chlorophyll concentration. The problem is best explored in terms of optical attenuation lengths as distinct from geometrical depths. Gordon and McCluney (1975) defined, Z,,, as the depth of penetration of light above which 90 % of the diffusely reflected irradiance (excluding specular reflectance) originates. They showed that for a homogeneous ocean
Elevation of a Subspecies of tibicen (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae) to a Full Species

Abstract The Tibicen bifidus species complex is composed of T. b. bifidus (Davis, 1916) and T. b. simplex Davis, 1941. We analyzed biogeographical, morphological, and physiological parameters to determine if these taxa represent two species. There are significant differences in biogeography, as well as selection of host-plant and several morphological characteristics. Comparisons of their calling songs approach statistical significance. Sound-pressure level of alarm calls and thermal responses of the two taxa do not differ significantly. Our data suggest that the two taxa represent distinct species.
A METHOD TO IMPROVE THE SPATIAL RESOLUTION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATES OBTAINED BY OXYGEN MICROSENSORS

To determine gross photosynthesis in benthic microalgal communities, oxygen microelectrodes were used to measure the rate of decrease within the first 4 s after extinction of light. Photosynthetic rates calculated from third‐order polynomial fits to the curve of decreasing O2 concentration were compared to the rates obtained by the traditional method, where rates were estimated from linear regression. When photosynthesis was calculated for the fitted initial rates of O2 decrease, maximum rates in microbial mats were up to 32% higher, and the depth‐integrated gross photosynthesis was 5%–10% higher than the rates determined by the traditional method. The determinations from fitted initial rates also resulted in a more detailed profile of photosynthetic rate than that normally obtained. Computer simulation based on diffusion models, where the estimated initial rates of O2 decrease were assumed to represent actual photosynthesis rates, verified the validity of the curve‐fitting procedure for obtaining high‐resolution photosynthesis profiles.
Genomic and proteomic approaches for predicting toxicity and adverse drug reactions

Background: In the toxicology field, it remains a major challenge to predict and understand drug toxicity and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in man. Objective: Recent progress in genomics and proteomics technologies and their application in predicting drug toxicity and ADRs. Methods: The key genomic and proteomic approaches are outlined, their applications in predicting toxicity and ADRs are described and their future developments in this field are discussed. Conclusion: These technologies, used to measure expression at the transcript and protein levels, each convey different information and have different technical capabilities that can complement each other. The fields of genomics and proteomics continue to develop rapidly and it is already evident that genomic and proteomic approaches have much to contribute to the early prediction of drug toxicity and ADRs.
The NF-κB Activation in Lymphotoxin β Receptor Signaling Depends on the Phosphorylation of p65 at Serine 536*

NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) has been shown to play an essential role in the NF-κB activation cascade elicited by lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signaling. However, the molecular mechanism of this pathway remains unclear. In this report we demonstrate that both NIK and IκB kinase α (IKKα) are involved in LTβR signaling and that the phosphorylation of the p65 subunit at serine 536 in its transactivation domain 1 (TA1) plays an essential role. We also found that NF-κB could be activated in the LTβR pathway without altering the level of the phosphorylation of IκB and nuclear localization of p65. By using a heterologous transactivation system in which Gal4-dependent reporter gene is activated by the Gal4 DNA-binding domain in fusion with various portions of p65, we found that TA1 serves as a direct target in the NIK-IKKα pathway. In addition, mutation studies have revealed the essential role of Ser-536 within TA1 of p65 in transcriptional control mediated by NIK-IKKα. Furthermore, we found that Ser-536 was phosphorylated following the stimulation of LTβR, and this phosphorylation was inhibited by the kinase-dead dominant-negative mutant of either NIK or IKKα. These observations provide evidence for a crucial role of the NIK-IKKα cascade for NF-κB activation in LTβR signaling.
The foraging behaviour and ecology of animal-eating bats

The results of recent studies of the foraging behaviour of animal-eating bats are considered in this review. The advent of small (< 1 g) radio transmitters has made it possible to collect data on individual variations in foraging behaviour for species with body mass over 15 g. These data can be combined with those from wing morphology and echolocation call design to assess the flexibility achieved by some bats. The information concerning bats can be placed in a broader perspective by considering it in the light of current ideas about foraging theory. In this review, information about bat foraging is considered in the context of structural and functional features, the former relating to bats' access to habitats of different complexity and the latter to their behavioural responses. Mechanical features involving wing morphology and perceptual features, such as the ability of echolocating bats to deal with clutter, combine to influence the behavioural flexibility of individuals. This, in turn, affects access .
NMR imaging as a tool for noninvasive taxonomy: comparison of female cones of two Podocarpaceae

Summary • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging was investigated as a tool for the detailed morphological comparison of two species of Podocarpaceae of taxonomic interest; these were difficult to investigate by conventional methods. • Two- and three-dimensional NMR images of female cones of Afrocarpus falcatus and Prumnopitys ferruginea were acquired using a range of protocols. Conventional sectioning and microscopic techniques and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy were used where possible, to corroborate the assignments of the NMR images. • A three-dimensional network of resin canals in Prumnopitys ferruginea was revealed and the presence of resin confirmed by chemical shift imaging. Similar canals in cones of Afrocarpus falcatus did not contain resin but the presence of spoke-like vascular traces passing through the sclerotesta was demonstrated. Marked differences in the structure of the sarcotesta of the two species were readily discernible. • NMR imaging allowed noninvasive retrieval of both internal morphological and histochemical information from single specimens in their natural state in a much shorter time than conventional methods would allow and provides useful data for taxonomic purposes in the Podocarpaceae.
Studies on the biology and control of cavity spot of carrots

SUMMARY Using a selective medium of corn meal agar with pimaricin and rifamycin, isolations from asymptomatic periderm of carrots grown on experimental plots or in commercial crops most frequently yielded the fast-growing species Pythium intermedium, P. sylvaticum or P. ultimum. In contrast isolations from cavity spot lesions mostly produced the slow-growing species P. violae and P. sulcatum. Following treatment of crops with metalaxyl + mancozeb, few isolations from asymptomatic periderm produced Pythium spp. and generally there was a reduction in the number of cavities. Treatment had little or no effect on size distribution of cavities. Cavity spot incidence was significantly less at higher pH values, fields of pH 8·0 and above producing carrots with little or no disease.
Whitefly Transmitted Plant Viruses in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Whiteflies transmit at least 21 viruses in Nigeria. Most of these belong to either the geminivirus or the carlavirus group. Yield losses caused by these viruses range from about 15 to 100 percent. In Nigeria, the most important whitefly vector of plant viruses is Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) the cotton, sweet potato or tobacco whitefly and it is the most important vector of geminiviruses. Although their vector is polyphagous, most whitefly transmitted viruses in Nigeria infect the root and tuber crops, legume and oilseed, as well as vegetable crops. This paper reviews the most important whitefly transmitted plant viruses in Nigeria, their characteristics, distribution, symptoms, methods of control and future research needs.
Bird monitoring programs in Ontario: what have we got and what do we need?

Bird population monitoring should be designed to enhance conservation of birds through informing policy decisions and management actions. Many different bird surveys are undertaken in Ontario ranging from province-wide multi-species programs such as the Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas to single-species localized surveys for Species at Risk. Although most surveys provide some useful contributions towards understanding the status of bird populations, there remain significant gaps in both species and geographic coverages, especially in the northern half of the province, and few surveys are sufficient for evaluating the specific effects of current management practices on birds. Enhancing bird monitoring in the province should first involve clearly defining, quantitatively, the information required for management, conservation and decision-making, in the context of an adaptive management cycle, and then identifying the most cost-effective monitoring programs to obtain that information. This can most effectively be implemented through a cooperative effort involving all parties with an interest in bird monitoring data including federal and provincial government agencies, environmental non-government organizations, and industry.
Psychosocial Aspects of Genetic Counselling

This book contains the written papers based on spoken presentations given at the Second European Meeting on Psychosocial Aspects of Genetic Counselling held in Leuven, Belgium in September 1990. The first such conference was organised by Dutch genetic co-workers in 1988, with the dual aims of presenting papers on psychosocial research and comparing practice with colleagues throughout Europe. The steady increase in interest and activity in this area amongst genetic co-workers (counsellors, nurses, social workers), psychologists, and clinicians (geneticists, psychiatrists, and others) was reflected in the large number of participants at the third of these meetings which was held in Nottingham last September. Despite its title, this book is not a comprehensive review of psychosocial issues in genetics, but is a collection of submitted papers (barring the invited paper by Seymour Kessler) reflecting the particular interests of their authors. The largest group of papers focus on reproductive decision making and the consequences of such decisions. Margaretha White-Van Mourik's comprehensive study of psychosocial sequelae following termination for abnormality, based on interviews with 84 couples two years' post-termination, is an important addition to the small body of publications on this topic. There are papers from groups in four different countries offering predictive tests for Huntington's disease; the paper by Guido de Wert from Maastricht on the ethical dilemmas posed in such testing is a challenging one, and points out that the right not to know is a new concept in medical ethics and solutions are far from clear. Two papers explore the extent to which genetic information is disseminated through families, and both suggest that apparent lack of interest in testing and counselling among, for example, female relatives of haemophilia patients or aunts and uncles of children with cystic fibrosis, may reflect ignorance rather than informed choice. Kessler points out that the bulk of genetic counselling psychosocial publications has focused on outcome, that is, reproductive decision making and risk recall / perception, but that research into the process is scanty. He makes the important point that there is little direct evidence of what goes on in genetic counselling sessions. Perhaps all those unmade videotapes of real genetic counselling sessions contain the true resolution of the current debate as to whether genetic counselling is non-directive! The papers in this volume do vary in quality but there is enough meat to provide several meals of thought for anyone involved in the practice or investigation of genetic counselling.
Foot dermatitis and productive traits in broiler chickens kept with different stocking densities, litter types and light regimen

Abstract The purpose of the research was to study the effects of high and low stocking density of broiler chickens, different types of litter and the adoption of short and long lighting regimen on broiler welfare through the evaluation of their productivity and incidence of foot pad dermatitis. 2,400 male Ross 508 were divided into 8 groups of four replicates each and reared in 32 pens according to a 3 factors experimental design of two levels each: low (LD) or high (HD) stocking density (11 and 14 birds/m2 for LD and HD respectively), chopped straw (CS) or wood shaving (WS) litters and short (SL) or long (LL) light regimens (16 h light and 8 h dark or 23 h light and 1 h dark respectively for SL and LL). Broiler growth rate and feed efficiency were positively influenced by a stocking density lower than 30 kg of live weight per m2. The adoption of a short light regimen reduced feed intake and improved feed conversion rate without modifying body live weight. Chickens reared on wood shaving litter showed a lower incidence of foot pad dermatitis.