Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polishing Mechanism And Its Effect On The Mechanical Properties Of Ceramic Restorations - A Review Of The Literature

Polishing of dental ceramics has become an increasingly important procedure in restorative dentistry as allceramic restorations, which require post-cementation occlusal adjustment, are gaining in popularity. There are numerous studies in both dental and ceramic literature on polishing of dental ceramics and the effects of polishing on their mechanical properties. However, lack of standardization in polishing parameters, precludes comparison among these studies. A clear understanding is lacking of the relative roles and interdependence of handpiece speed, abrasive characteristic, and polishing load. This paper will discuss the mechanism of polishing and review the literature on polishing and its effect on the mechanical properties of ceramic restorations.
Light harvesting dynamics in desert crust cyanobacteria : Changes in aggregation state as a mechanism for modulating energy transfer

In this paper we propose an energy dissipation mechanism that is completely reliant on changes in the aggregation state of the phycobilisome light harvesting antenna components. All photosynthetic organisms regulate the efficiency of excitation energy transfer (EET) to fit light energy supply to biochemical demands. Not many do this to the extent required of desert crust cyanobacteria. Following pre-dawn dew deposition, they harvest light energy with maximum efficiency until desiccating in the early morning hours. In the desiccated state absorbed energy is completely quenched. Time and spectrally resolved fluorescence emission measurements of the desiccated desert crust Leptolyngbya ohadii strain identified (a) reduced EET between phycobilisome components (b) shorter fluorescence lifetimes (c) red shift in the emission spectra, compared to the hydrated state. These changes coincide with a loss of the ordered phycobilisome structure, evident from small angle neutron and X-ray scattering and cryo-TEM data. Based on these observations we propose a model where in the hydrated state the organized rod structure of the phycobilisome supports directional EET to reaction centers with minimal losses due to thermal dissipation. In the desiccated state this structure is lost, giving way to more random aggregates. The resulting EET path will exhibit increased coupling to the environment and enhanced quenching.
A Minimum Cost Relaxation Model for Infeasible Flow Networks

In many real systems, it happens that the existing flow network become inconsistent with the new applications or inputs. This means that some of the applicable structural characteristics have been changed so that the flow network has become infeasible or, in other words, obsolete. Therefore, it has to be adjusted to new applications. It is well known how to use a maximum flow algorithm to determine when a flow network is infeasible, but less known is how to adjust the structural data such that the network becomes feasible while the incurred adjustment cost is minimal. This paper considers an infeasible flow network G= (V, A) in which supplies/demands, arc capacities and flow lower bounds are liable to relax. A minimum cost relaxation model for canceling most positive cuts is constructed. Analyzing the model shows that, in order to make the network feasible, it is sufficient to adjust only one component of the structural data. According to this result, a polynomial time algorithm is developed to cancel all positive cuts and convert the infeasible flow network to a feasible one.
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER OPINIONS WRITTEN IN POLISH

The main objective of this paper is to present theoretical study and empirical results that allow to choose some solutions which can be suitable for automated processing consumers’ opinions written in Polish. The possibility of automatically conducted consumers’ opinions analysis and the rules of designing and building such systems for Polish language are crucial questions for specialists in web marketing. In the paper theoretical and practical aspects of sentiment analysis (also known as opinion mining) are discussed. In particular parts of the text firstly the text mining roots of sentiment analysis are pointed. Secondly types of text mining approaches which can be helpful for opinion mining are described. In this part also multi-model approach in sentiment analysis is shown as possible solution for difficulties to prove a superiority of the one method over the other among previously presented methods. Finally statistical translation solution for opinion mining concerning mobile phones is presented. Paper is summarized by pointing out importance of automatically conducted consumers’ opinions analysis solutions, especially in business.
Clinical Study Asymptomatic Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Objective. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to define high-resolution chest CT (HRCT) and pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities capable of identifying asymptomatic, preclinical forms of RA-ILD that may represent precursors to more severe fibrotic lung disease. Methods. We analyzed chest HRCTs in consecutively enrolled RA patients and subsequently classified these individuals as RA-ILDor RA-no ILDbased on the presence/absence of ground glass opacification, septal thickening, reticulation, traction bronchiectasis, and/or honeycombing. Coexisting PFT abnormalities (reductions in percent predicted FEV1, FVC, TLC, and/or DLCO) were also used to further characterize occult respiratory defects. Results. 61% (63/103) of RA patients were classified as RA-ILD based on HRCT and PFT abnormalities, while 39% (40/103) were designated as RA-no ILD. 57/63 RAILD patients lacked symptoms of significant dyspnea or cough at the time of HRCT and PFT assessment. Compared with RAno ILD, RA-ILD patients were older and had longer disease duration, higher articular disease activity, and more significant PFT abnormalities. Conclusion. HRCT represents an effective tool to detect occult/asymptomatic ILD that is highly prevalent in our unselected, university-based cohort of RA patients.
Wage Bargaining Coordination and the Phillips Curve in Italy

Was there a textbook-like Phillips curve in post-WWII Italy? We estimate a consensus model of the relationship between inflation and the level of economic activity over 1949-1998, finding no evidence of a significant and positive feedback from output to prices. We also estimate similar models for the UK and the US. We discuss the role of wage coordination and indexation mechanisms in generating what amounts to a significant departure of Italian data from what holds true for the US and UK. Likely, the rigid indexation mechanism that aimed at protecting wages from inflation ended up contributing to the persistent inflation bias that Italy experienced almost until its entry into EMU.
The Effects of Supportive Nursing Intervention Using Video-Program of Operating Room Nurses before Operation on Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Patient's Anxiety

This study was to identify the effects of supportive nursing intervention using video-program of operating room nurses before operation on laparoscopic hysterectomy patient's anxiety. This study was nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. The data were collected from May 1 to Jun 20, 2013 and analyzed by x²-test, Fisher's exact test and t-test using SPSS 20.0 program. Experimental group(who received supportive nursing intervention) and control group(who received booklet education) was respectively consisted of 25 patients who were laparoscopy hysterectomy. The anxiety(p=.002) of experimental group was significantly lower than control group. The systolic(p=.012) and diastolic(p=.045) pressure of experimental group was significantly lower than control group, but pulse wasn't. The supportive nursing intervention for preoperative patient is considered effective and useful in reducing anxiety. Further research is warranted to investigate the supportive nursing intervention long-term effect.
Forecasting Inflation via Experimental Stock Markets Some Results from Pilot Markets

While there are various techniques of inflation forecasting in use, none of them has proved to deliver consistently more accurate forecasts than the others. That is why most users of inflation forecasts monitor a variety of inflation indicators and forecasts and check them for consistency. This paper aims at contributing to an extension of the methods in use. We propose to conduct experimental inflation forecasting markets in order to uncover market participants' inflation expectations. While the markets directly deliver density forecasts of inflation they also allow to construct mean forecasts and a measure of forecast uncertainty. We also present evidence from a number of pilot markets underlining that the proposed method might enrich the arsenal of existing forecasting techniques.
Anti-Fibrotic Potential of Nicorandil in the Treatment of Bleomycin Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the possible protective action of Nicorandil in the rat model of Bleomycin induced lung fibrosis. Method: Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intra-tracheal administration of 0.1 ml of Bleomycin hydrochloride (5 mg/kg in 0.9% NaCl) to wistar albino rats (250–300 g; n=6 per group). Control rats received an equal volume of saline intra-tracheal route. In the treatment groups, the rats were treated with Nicorandil (5 mg/kg per day; subcutaneously) for 28 days. Another group of rats were administered subcutaneously with Sildenafil Citrate (10 mg/kg). Blood was collected from retro-orbital plexus for the assessment of serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Broncho-alveolar Lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and evaluated for total and differential cell count. After decapitation, the lungs were excised and taken for microscopic evaluation or stored for the measurement of Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Nitric Oxide (NO) and lung parameters like Hydroxyproline content. Results: Nicorandil significantly decreased the Hydroxyproline content, a marker of collagen index, supporting its role in preventing Pulmonary Fibrosis. Also, the levels of total and differential cell count were found to decrease showing prevention of cell damage. The protective role was evident by the reduced levels of LDH and MDA, markers of cell damage as well as increased levels of SOD, CAT, GSH and NO. Conclusion: K ATP channel activation may play an important role in the protective effect of nicorandil against bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis. Key words: Nicorandil, Potassium Channel, Bleomycin, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Oxidative Stress.
Role of light scattering in the performance of fluorescent solar collectors

Abstract. A fluorescent solar collector (FSC) is a waveguide device that can concentrate both diffuse and direct sunlight on to a solar cell. The electrical output of the device depends strongly on the photon fluxes that are absorbed, emitted, and trapped inside the FSC plate. For this reason, it is important to study the photon transport losses inside the collector. One of the losses in FSC to be investigated is scattering, which increases the probability of the escape cone losses. We determine the scattering contributions in FSC by using angle dependence of light internally reflected in the FSC. The cause of scattering in spin-coated polymethylmethacrylate on top of the glass collector is identified as roughness from the top surface, rather than bulk losses. This loss can be suppressed to less than 2% using an index-matching planarization layer.
Calculating Tragedy: Assessing the Costs of Terrorism

The trends and consequences of terrorist activities are often captured by counting the number of incidents and casualties. More recently, the effects of terrorist acts on various aspects of the economy have been analyzed. These costs are surveyed and put in perspective. As economic consequences are only a part of the overall costs of terrorism, possible approaches for estimating the utility losses of the people affected are discussed. Results using the life satisfaction approach, in which individual utility is approximated by self-reported subjective well-being, suggest that people's utility losses may far exceed the purely economic consequences.
Thermochemical biofuel production in hydrothermal media: A review of sub- and supercritical water technologies

Hydrothermal technologies are broadly defined as chemical and physical transformations in high-temperature (200–600 °C), high-pressure (5–40 MPa) liquid or supercritical water. This thermochemical means of reforming biomass may have energetic advantages, since, when water is heated at high pressures a phase change to steam is avoided which avoids large enthalpic energy penalties. Biological chemicals undergo a range of reactions, including dehydration and decarboxylation reactions, which are influenced by the temperature, pressure, concentration, and presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. Several biomass hydrothermal conversion processes are in development or demonstration. Liquefaction processes are generally lower temperature (200–400 °C) reactions which produce liquid products, often called “bio-oil” or “bio-crude”. Gasification processes generally take place at higher temperatures (400–700 °C) and can produce methane or hydrogen gases in high yields.
Review of approaches to establish reference levels to interpret indicators

The report clarifies the terminology relevant for understanding ‘reference levels’ for the various domains of sustainable development. Terminology on reference levels is very much linked to the environmental domain and much less so to the social and economic domains. Also, absolute and relative levels of ‘reference levels’ are explored. Relative performance or benchmark has gained interest in the scientific literature. Trade-offs may exist and choices may have to be made in practical cases
Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Aloe Vera Gel (Aloe barabadensis) on Serum Urea, Uric Acid and Creatinine Levels and Tissue Structure of Kidney in Adult Mature Mice Treated with Ethidium Bromide

Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 48 female rats, which were divided into 6 groups of 8 samples, including control, sham (intraventricular treatment with saline), experimental treated with 14 ? l of EB solution to the lateral ventricles with normal saline as a Gavage and receivers of 300, 600 and 1200 mg/ kg alcoholic extracts (JA), as gavage with EB intraventricular meditation. In this study,
PRICE DISCOUNT AND STOCHASTIC INITIAL INVENTORY IN THE NEWSBOY PROBLEM

Many extension of the newsboy problem have been solved in the literature. One of those extensions solves a newsboy problem with stochastic initial inventory, earlier extensions have focused on quantity discounts offered by suppliers. An important practical extension would address a combination of the two pervious extensions. In this paper we consider a newsboy problem in which the suppliers offer quantity discount and the initial inventory at the beginning of the period is a random variable. We obtain the optimal value of the order quantity which maximizes the total profit and then present the results for some practical distributions of both random variables, demand and initial inventory.
The sedimentary controls and reservoir quality implications 1 of modern sand grain coats 2

Clay coated quartz grains can inhibit porosity-reducing quartz cement, and thus can result in unusually high porosity in deeply buried sandstones. Being able to predict the distribution of clay coated sand grains within petroleum reservoirs is thus important to help find unusually good reservoir quality. Here we report a modern analogue study of 12 sediment cores from the Anllóns Estuary, Galicia, NW Spain, collected from a range of sub-environments, to help develop an understanding of the occurrence and distribution of clay coated grain. The cores were logged for grain size, bioturbation and sedimentary structure, and then sub-sampled for electron and light microscopy, laser granulometry, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The Anllóns Estuary is sand-dominated with intertidal sand flats and saltmarsh environments at the margins; there is a shallowing/fining-upwards trend in the estuaryfill succession. Grain coats are present in nearly every sample analysed; they are between 1 μm and 100 μm thick and typically lack internal organisation. The extent of grain coat coverage can exceed 25 % in some samples with coverage highest in the top 20 cm of cores. Samples from muddy intertidal flat and the muddy saltmarsh environments, close to the margins of the estuary, have the highest coat coverage (mean coat coverage of 20.2 % and 21.3 %, respectively). The lowest mean coat coverage occurs in the sandy saltmarsh (10.4 %), beyond the upper tidal limit and sandy intertidal flat environments (8.4 %), close to the main estuary channel. Mean coat coverage correlates with the concentration of clay fraction. The primary control on the distribution of fine-grained sediment, and therefore grain coat distribution, are primary sediment transport and deposition processes that concentrate the clay fraction in the sediment towards the margins of the estuary. Bioturbation and clay illuviation/mechanical infiltration are secondary processes that may redistribute fine-grained sediment and produce grain coats. Here we have shown that detrital grain coats are more likely in marginal environments of ancient estuary-fills, which are typically found in the fining-upward part of progradational successions.
Entrepreneurial Learning through Failure

In this paper, the literature of entrepreneurial learning is examined, with particular focus on critical events, namely failure of the business as defined by the cessation of company due to the company becoming insolvent. Business failure occurs when “a fall in revenues and/or a rise in expenses are of such a magnitude that the firm becomes insolvent and is unable to attract new debt or equity funding; consequently, it cannot continue to operate under the current ownership and management” (Shepherd, 2003, p. 318).
Fathers in Turkey: Paternity characteristics, gender role, communication skills

Objective of this study is to examine the correlation the quality of paternity, gender roles and communication skills of fathers. The scores in the scale of supporting developmental tasks were used in order to determine the quality of paternity. The other data collection tools were the BEM sex role inventory and the communication skills inventory. The study included a multiple regression analysis for predicting the quality of paternity. The multiple regression analysis suggested that the scores in the “behavioral”, “emotional” and “cognitive” sub-dimensions of the communication skills inventory and those in the “femininity” and “masculinity” sub-scales of the BEM sex role inventory can account for the scores in the scale of supporting developmental tasks at a rate of 31%. It was concluded that those fathers who display feminine traits and those who communicate with their children through an “emotional” or “behavioral” communication language support their children’s process of development in a more effective way.
Force and Electromyographic Responses of the Biceps Brachii after Eccentric Exercise in Athletes and Non-Athletes

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare skeletal muscle response to elbow flexors eccentric exercise in athletes and non-athletes. A set of eccentric (ECC) exercises was performed in a group of 12 athletes and 12 non-athlete controls. Maximal isometric force, electromyographic (EMG) activity of the biceps brachii and the resting elbow angle were assessed before, immediately, 48 hours, 5 and 10 days after high-intensity ECC exercises. During the set of the ECC exercises each participant performed 25 eccentric contractions of elbow flexors. Each contraction consisted of lowering a dumbbell from the flexed (elbow joint angle: 5 0 ° _ ) $\left. 5{{0}^{\underline{{}^\circ }}} \right)$to the extended elbow (elbow joint angle: 18 0 ° _ ) $\left. 18{{0}^{\underline{{}^\circ }}} \right)$position. The weight of the dumbbell was set at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). The ECC contractions caused a decrease in maximal isometric force in both groups. The variable dropped by 8% in non-athletes and by 24% in athletes. Furthermore, the EMG RMS increased significantly only for non-athletes 10 days after the ECC exercise compared to baseline values. The present study showed different effects of ECC exercise on force and EMG in athletes and non-athletes, indicating a more pronounced force response in athletes and electromyographic response in non-athletes.
Microsatellite Markers Linked to Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Fatness in Divergently Selected Chicken Lines for Abdominal Fat

Abdominal fat characters are complex and economically important in the poultry industry. Their selection may benefit from the implementation of marker-assisted selection (MAS). The objective of this study was to identify the markers linked to QTL responsible for fatness traits. The Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF) were used in the study. A total of 596 individuals from the divergent tails from the 6th to the 10th generations were genotyped at 23 microsatellite markers on chromosome 1. The differences of allele frequencies of all marker alleles between the divergent tails across the five generations were recorded. The allele frequencies of five markers, including LEI0209, LEI0146, MCW0036, ADL328 and MCW0115, had significant differences between the two tails in all five generations. The resulting p-values using Fisher's exact test on eleven markers, containing MCW248, MCW0010, MCW0106, LEI0252, LEI0068, MCW0018, MCW0061, LEI0088, MCW200, MCW283 and ROS0025, had a decreasing tendency from the 6th to the 10th generation. Statistical analysis showed that polymorphisms of the eight markers, including LEI0209, LEI0146, ROS0025, MCW0115, MCW0010, MCW0036, MCW283, ADL328, were significantly (p<0.0011) or suggestively (p<0.05) associated with abdominal fat content (AFW and AFP) across generations. It is concluded that the eight markers could be associated with the QTL affecting the deposition of abdominal fat in broiler chickens.