Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
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ment of acute complications of the disease are likely to have played a role in the decrease in the onset mortality. The onset mortality of 0.2% in 1988-1990 found in our study is lower than the 0.8% in patients 0-17 years old diagnosed during the years 1950-1981 in Allegheny County (4) and also lower than that found in a study comparing mortality during the 1970s in four countries, with the lowest onset mortality in Poland (0.39%) and the highest in Japan (0.94%) ( 5 ) . On the other hand, the onset mortality was higher than in Sweden (2 of 3228 patients) (6) and Norway (1 of 1908 patients) (7). These two studies however, represented longer study periods and different time periods: 1977-1985 for the Swedish study and 1973-1982 for the Norwegian study. The two Scandinavian studies comprised only children of 0-14 years old, while we studied children until 19 years old. In conclusion, the onset mortality of diabetes in children in The Netherlands is rare. But even in our well organized health care system with short distances to a hospital, it remains a problem. Onset mortality could be prevented by earlier recognition. This can be achieved by improving patient and general practitioners’ knowledge.
The relationship between genetic diversity of an annelid worm, Pygospio elegans, and local invertebrate species diversity

Biodiversity research is mainly based on studying the numbers and relative abundances of different biological variants. For the field of population genetics, these variants are genes or alleles within a species; and for the field of community ecology, they are species within a community. Both of these biodiversity levels – genetic diversity and species diversity – are affected by similar ecological and evolutionary processes, which in turn are shaped by characteristics of the environment. Several studies have shown that responses to the environmental characteristics are linked to variable relationships between the two levels of diversity. Notably, theory predicts a positive relationship due to similar forces acting in similar ways on both of the levels. Studies of these relationships have mainly focused on terrestrial systems, and have remained largely unexplored in marine environments. Finding a covariation between the diversity levels outside of terrestrial conditions and linking it to the characteristics of the environment would outline the similarities between processes controlling genetic and species diversities. In this study, a relationship between the genetic diversity of a worm Pygospio elegans and the species diversity of the local invertebrate community was examined with different environmental characteristics (sediment characteristics, salinity, and temperature) that could explain the observed patterns. Samples of P. elegans and local macrofauna were collected from four different sites and three different times within a year at Isefjord-Roskilde Fjord estuary complex in Denmark. A strong positive relationship was found, which indicates that both the genetic diversity within this species, and the species diversity within these communities, react similarly to the mechanisms acting through their environment. The environmental characteristics that seemed to affect the patterns most were the sediment quality and its organic content for the genetic diversity, and the quality of the sediment, the water salinity and its fluctuation for the species diversity. Although implicit processes, such as competition, cannot be excluded from the interpretation, the positive correlation found in this study implies that it could be possible to predict one level of diversity based on the other, or based on one of environmental characteristics that affects both levels. For example, time consuming taxonomic analyses could be substituted by genetic analyses of P. elegans alone, from which the level of species richness could be estimated. This would be a valuable approach for research and conservation, and more studies of the topic with different species and environmental properties are needed to advance this field of unified biodiversity research.
Decadal changes in sea surface temperature, wave forces and intertidal structure in New Zealand

Figure S1: Results of the comparison in ERA Interim and Coastal Explorer wave data at Cape Campbell, Kaikoura and Moeraki between 1979-2001. Rs is the correlation between seasonal means; Rmax is the correlation between seasonal maxima and Rr is the correlation between the raw 6 hourly output. The coloured background indicates the density of 6-hourly data points while the black dots show seasonal means. Raw data are displayed via a density plot to avoid obscuring patterns due to the volume of points. The solid black line shows a one to one correspondence while the dashed line indicates the linear regression relationship between ERA Interim and Coastal Explorer wave heights.
Native or seeded rangeland for cows with high or low milk production.

Multiparous cows (n = 91, 1986; n = 92, 1987) were selected from 2 populations to obtain cattle with high and low milk production. After March-April calving, high and low producing cows grazed either native range (treatment 1) or seeded range (treatment 2) until weaning in September. Seeded range included paddocks of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum, Fisch. ex [Link]Schult), contour furrowed native range interseeded with "Ladak" alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.), and Russian wildrye grass Psathrostachys juncea[Fisch. ]Nevski. ). In treatment 2, crested wheatgrass was grazed mid-April to 17 June, followed by contour furrowed rangeland 18 June to 5 August, and ended with Russian wildrye 6 August to weaning (mid-September). Data were analyzed as a split plot with treatment and year in the main plot and cow type in the subplot. Number of cows exhibiting estrus before the beginning of the breeding season and fall pregnancy rate were not influenced (P > 0.05) by range treatment. Twelve-hour milk production during May, June, August, and September ranged from 11.3 to 6.8 kg and 7.6 to 3.9 kg for high and low producing cows, respectively. Cows with high milk production lost body condition during and after the breeding season, whereas cows with low milk production maintained body condition during the same period. Live weight gain of calves was greater (P 0.05) by range treatment. We concluded that native and seeded ranges were of similar nutritive value for cows with high and low milk production and that cows with high milk production may have greater nutrient requirements during late summer-early fall than what was provided by native or seeded ranges. Protein may be the primary limiting nutrient in forages during the late summer for lactating cows grazing Northern Great Plains range.
Quantification of organic acids in ruminal in vitro batch culture fermentation supplemented with fumarate using a herb mix as a substrate

Abstract: Two 24 h in vitro batch culture experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fumarate addition (10 mmol L-1) on the ruminal fermentation parameters of selected medicinal herbs, and the effects of different doses of fumarate (0, 10, or 30 mmol L-1) on ruminal metabolism of organic acids when a high-concentrate diet (meadow hay and barley grain, 400/600, w/w) was supplemented with a mix of medicinal herbs (Artemisia absinthium L., Melissa officinalis L., Malva sylvestris L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Plantago lanceolata L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., and Althaea officinalis L.). Depending on the concentration, fumarate treatment decreased methane production (by 10-11%) and increased propionate proportions (by 5-13%) with high-concentrate diets. The organic acid (fumaric, succinic, malic, and lactic acid) concentrations in the batch culture were measured at intervals of 0, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h. The time and organic acid concentrations with 10 mmol L-1 fumarate were well correlated (R 2 = 0.846). The amount of succinate was accumulated and metabolized more slowly than that of fumarate (>24 h). The addition of fumarate and a herb mix could positively influence in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters of high-concentrate diets by increasing the levels of propionate and succinate as well as the pH, and by decreasing of methane emissions.
All non-indigenous species were introduced recently? The case study of Cassiopea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in Brazilian waters

Upside-down jellyfish (genus Cassiopea) can be found in tropical coastal waters worldwide. Until now reports of the genus from Brazilian waters have been scant. We report here medusae and scyphistomae collected from Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro state. Although we could not unambiguously identify the material using morphological criteria, genetic sequence data (COI) indicate that the Brazilian jellyfishes are genetically similar to those from Bermuda, Hawaii and Florida, which are related to specimens from the Red Sea (Cassiopea andromeda). We hypothesize that the presence of C. andromeda in Brazil is due to an invasion event, as the scyphistomae were found growing over the known invasive ascidian Styela plicata. Estimation of divergence time between Brazil (Cabo Frio) and Florida/Bermuda populations is that it occurred at the beginning of ship movement to South America.
Calcium Channel α2δ Subunits—Structure and Gabapentin Binding

High-voltage activated calcium channels are modulated by a series of auxiliary proteins, including those of the α2δ family. Until recently, only a single α2δ subunit was known, but two further members, α2δ-2 and -3, have since been identified. In this study, the structure of these two novel subunits has been characterized and binding of the antiepileptic drug gabapentin investigated. Using antibodies directed against the amino terminal portion of the proteins, the gross structure of the subunits could be analyzed by Western blotting. Similar to α2δ-1, both α2δ-2 and -3 subunits consist of two proteins—a larger α2 and a smaller δ that can be separated by reduction. The subunits are also highly N-glycosylated with approximately 30 kDa of their mass consisting of oligosaccharides. α2δ-1 was detected in all mouse tissues studied, whereas α2δ-2 was found at high levels in brain and heart. The α2δ-3 subunit was observed only in brain. α2δ-1 and α2δ-2, but not α2δ-3, were found to bind gabapentin. TheKd value of gabapentin binding to α2δ-2 was 153 nM compared with the higher affinity binding to α2δ-1 (Kd = 59 nM).
Session II. Causes of Growth Hormone Deficiency

The syndrome of solitary maxillary incisor is rare. It is one of the midline defect syndromes which can be associated with growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD). The first report of patients with short stature who had just one incisor tooth in their maxillae appeared in 1977 (1). The case studies of two patients with GHD who had a solitary central maxillary incisor are presented. The first patient, a boy, was first seen in 1975 at the age of 2.6 years because of an inguinal hernia. His height (88 cm) was just above the third centile (~ 1.3 SDS). He had a solitary maxillary incisor in his milk teeth. Furthermore, he showed other dysmorphic features, such as a high-arched palate, hypotelorism and a convergent strabismus. His family history showed no other cases of a solitary tooth. At the age of 6.8 years, a genetic consultation was made to clarify his dysmorphic features. His second set of teeth showed the same striking single incisor. His short stature (height 119 cm, -2.8 SDS) was not investigated. At the age of 11 years (height 123 cm, -3.3 SDS; bone age 8.5 years; height velocity for the last 4 years 3.5 cm/year) he was admitted to hospital. After endocrinological testing, isolated complete GHD was diagnosed and GH therapy was initiated at a dose of 12 IU/m2/week. The boy is now 18 years old, has a height of 166.6 cm, and a bone age of 15 years. His target height is 177.5 cm. The second patient, a girl, was first seen in February 1990 at the age of 7.5 years because of adiposity. At this time, her height was 118 cm ( 1.6 SDS), her weight was 27 kg, her bone age 6.5 years and her height velocity 2.7 cm/year. During routine clinical examination, she was found to have a solitary incisor in her maxilla and hypotelorism. Her parents reported that she had had only one milk incisor. There were no other known cases of a solitary tooth in her family. Endocrinological tests revealed complete isolated GHD and treatment with GH, 15 IU/m2/week, was therefore started immediately. Her target height was 168.5 cm. Radiological examination of the brain and skull of both patients revealed no abnormalities. These two case studies demonstrate that the growth of children with facial dysmorphic features should be monitored carefully in order to diagnose GHD at an early age.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds in biochar and biochar‐amended soil: a review

Residual pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon (aceous) nanoparticles are inevitably generated during the pyrolysis of waste biomass and remain on the solid coproduct called biochar. Such pollutants could have adverse effects on the plant growth as well as microbial community in soil. Although biochar has been proposed as a ‘carbon negative strategy’ to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions, the impacts of its application with respect to long‐term persistence and bioavailability of hazardous components are not clear. Moreover, the co‐occurrence of low molecular weight VOCs with PAHs in biochar may exert further phytotoxic effects. This review describes the basic need to unravel key mechanisms driving the storage vs. emission of these organics and the dynamics between the sorbent (biochar) and soil microbes. Moreover, there is an urgent need for standardized methods for quantitative analysis of PAHs and VOCs in biochar under environmentally relevant conditions. This review is also extended to cover current research gaps including the influence of biochar application on the short‐ and long‐term fate of PAHs and VOCs and the proper control tactics for biochar quality and associated risk.
Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: A Computed Tomography–Based Epidemiological Study of 2917 Patients

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: To identify prevalence of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine in a large sample, to characterize spinal involvement, and to identify associations with patient characteristics. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of all patients receiving cervical spine CT imaging in a level-1 emergency department from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 were reviewed. Diagnosis and classification of OPLL was performed, and data for associated patients was obtained (age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes). US Census data was referenced for the sample population. Statistical analysis included t test and chi-square testing, with significance cutoff P < . 05. Results: There were no significant differences between the sample and population data. Of 2917 patients reviewed, 74 exhibited OPLL (2.5%). Age distribution between OPLL and non-OPLL cohorts was significantly different (P < .01), with highest prevalence of OPLL between ages 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 years. Comorbid diabetes also differed between groups (27% OPLL, 13% non-OPLL, P < .01). There was no difference in distribution of sex, race, or ethnicity. For OPLL, segmental type is most common (67.6%), involving on average 3.4 levels. OPLL involvement begins at any level, but ends most commonly at C6 (40.5%) or C7 (36.5%). Among OPLL patients, 18 (24.3%) demonstrated concurrent ponticulus posticus. Conclusions: This review of 2917 patients reaffirms previous data, with OPLL prevalence of 2.5%. In asymptomatic patients, incidental diagnosis is frequently seen as early as ages 40 to 49 years. OPLL is better characterized with a significant association with diabetes, segmental type being the most common, and the caudal extent typically involving C6-7 (77%).
Additive and site-specific effects of two foundation species on invertebrate community structure

Northeastern University Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd., Nahant, MA 01908, USA Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, School of the Environment, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia Present address: Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
Expression and clinical significance of EphA2 in hepatocellular carcinoma

To investigate the expression and clinical significance of EphA2 mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to detect the expression of EphA2 mRNA and protein in 40 cases of HCC and their corresponding paracancerous tissues and 10 cases of normal liver tissues. The relationship between the expression of EphA2 mRNA and protein with clinicopathological characters was analyzed too. Results Semiquantitative analysis showed that the expression level of EphA2 mRNA in HCC (0.836 8± 0.205 7) and their corresponding paracancerous tissues (0.768 9 ± 0.118 0) and normal tissues (0.720 8± 0.091 0) had no significant difference (P0.05). From normal tissues to paracancerous tissues to HCC, the positive rate of EphA2 protein was 50 %, 57.5 % and 87.5 % respectively, and the expression level of EphA2 protein was gradually increase (X_2 = 20.21,P 0.01). The overexpression of EphA2 protein was correlated with tumor thrombi in portal vein (PVTT), satellite focus and lymph node metastasis (P0.05). Conclusion The overexpression of EphA2 protein is correlated with the lymph node metastasis, satellite focus and tumor thrombi in portal vein. It indicated that EphA2 may play an important role in the progression and metastasis of HCC.
In-Vitro Effect of Lawsonia Inermis L. (Henna) Leave Extract on Lycopersicon Esculentum Var. (Tomato) Phytopathogenic Bacteria Ralstonia Solanacearum (Smith)

Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomatoes), is one of the most important vegetable fruits worldwide which constitute commercially and nutritionally indispensible food commodity. Ralstonia solanacearum is a relevant and widespread Phytopathogenic bacterium that causes a wilt disease which deadly affects this economically important crop. Antibacterial activity of Lawsonia inermis leaves were evaluated using three fractions of extract namely; methanolic, chloroform and aqueous against this plant pathogenic bacterium (R. solanacearum) in-vitro. Prior to antibacterial assay, the extract fractions were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which revealed the present of alkaloids, terpenoides and saponins in all, while methanolic extract shows the additional flavonoids, tannins, amino acid, triterpenoids and reducing sugar, the chloroform extract showed additional anthraquinone. Nevertheless, the aqueous extract shows the additional triterpenoids, steroids and reducing sugar. Among the three fractions the methanolic extract proved to be the promising extract for management/treatment of tomato wilt caused by R. solanacearum. All the methanolic extract concentrations (1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 μg/ml respectively) showed effects on the test organism. The (SPSS) software was used to analyse the significant differences between each concentrations, using one way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at critical value (p≥0.05).
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel analogues of batracylin with synthetic amino acids and adenosine: an unexpected effect on centromere segregation in tumor cells through a dual inhibition of topoisomerase IIα and Aurora B

In the search for new anticancer agents we designed and synthesized batracylin derivatives with linking synthetic amino acid side chains of different lengths and adenosine. Unexpectedly, we have found that in water and the culture media adenosine–amino acid–BAT conjugates form supramolecular structures and this prevents these compounds from entering cells. Consequently, these compounds exerted no biological activity when tested towards two human cell lines, lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human leukemia (HL-60). In contrast, several amino acid–BAT precursors showed up to 25-fold enhanced cytotoxic activity compared to BAT and these compounds strongly interfered with DNA topoisomerase II activity and its cellular functions. In particular, these conjugates inhibited centromere segregation during mitosis in drug-treated tumor cells by preventing topoisomerase II-dependent Aurora B activation.
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45S rDNA FISH and Karyotype Analysis of Gossypium mustelinum

Gossypium mustelinum is one of five allotetraploid species in Gossypium.Three pairs of 45S rDNA loci were detected at chromosome 2,4 and 9 of G.mustelinum by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),respectively.45S rDNA locating at chromosome 2 was very big,it′s signal covered the whole shortarm,and was bigger than 45S rDNA of diploid or tetraploid cotton;the other two were small,and their shape was similar with minor 45S rDNA of G.hirsutum. The karyotype formula of G.mustelinum was 2n=4x=52=50m(2SAT)+2sm,which belong to 2B Type of Stebbins′ karyotypic symmetry,a pair of intercalary satellite were located at submetacentric chromosomes(No.2),the others were metacentric chromosome.45S rDNA,satellite and karyotype of G.mustelinum were different from other tetraploid cotton species.G.mustelinum was a very special tetraploid cotton species.