Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supercontinuum Generation in Optical Fibers: Frontmatter

1. Introduction and history J. R. Taylor 2. Supercontinuum generation in microstructure fiber - an historical note J. K. Ranka 3. Nonlinear fiber optics overview J. C. Travers, M. H. Frosz and J. M. Dudley 4. Fiber supercontinuum generation overview J. M. Dudley 5. Silica fibers for supercontinuum generation J. C. Knight and W. Wadsworth 6. Supercontinuum generation and nonlinearity in soft glass fibers J. H. V. Price and D. J. Richardson 7. Increasing the blue-shift of a picosecond pumped supercontinuum M. H. Frosz, P. M. Moselund, P. D. Rasmussen, C. L. Thomsen and O. Bang 8. Continuous wave supercontinuum generation J. C. Travers 9. Theory of supercontinuum and interactions of solitons with dispersive waves D. V. Skryabin and A. V. Gorbach 10. Interaction of four-wave mixing and stimulated Raman scattering in optical fibers S. Coen, S. G. Murdoch and F. Vanholsbeeck 11. Nonlinear optics in emerging waveguides: revised fundamentals and implications S. V. Afshar, M. Turner and T. M. Monro 12. Supercontinuum generation in dispersion varying fibers G. Genty 13. Supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide glass waveguides Dong-Il Yeom, M. R. E. Lamont, B. Luther Davies and B. J. Eggleton 14. Supercontinuum generation for carrier-envelope phase stabilization of mode-locked lasers S. T. Cundiff 15. Biophotonics applications of supercontinuum generation C. Dunsby and P. M. W. French 16. Fiber sources of tailored supercontinuum in nonlinear microspectroscopy and imaging A. M. Zheltikov Index.
Adaptive multi-band resource allocation for a two-user simultaneous information and power transmission system

This paper investigates resource allocation in a multi-user, multi-band and multi-antenna equipped wireless communication system, which is used for simultaneous wireless information and power transmission (SWIPT). The optimization problems of sum-rate over multiple sub-bands subject to the power spectral density requirement (PSDR) limit and the circuit power requirement (CPR) are studied in the case of two users, i.e., far-user (FU) and near-user (NU), and under 3 situations: 1) to maximize the global information sum-rate; 2) to maximize the information rate of far-user with higher priority; 3) to maximize the least of common throughput. Using convex optimization methods, the above 3 problems are solved. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the presented solutions.
Effect of Hersaponin and Acorus oil on Noradrenaline and 5‐Hydroxytryptamine Content of Rat Brain

Sm,-The neuro-pharmacological actions of hersaponin, the active principle from Herpestis nzonnieru, Linn, have been reported earlier (Malhotra and Das, 1959 ; Malhotra, Das and Dhalla, 1960). The barbiturate hypnotic potentiating action of the drug was shown to be antagonised by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Dandiya, Cullumbine and Sellers (1959) reported that the volatile oil (acorus oil) from the rhizomes of Acorus calumus, Linn, potentiated barbiturate hypnosis and this was antagonised by LSD. Acorus oil (Dhalla, Malhotra and Sastry, 1961) and hersaponin (Dhalla, Sastry and Malhotra, 1961) have both been found to depress rat brain respiration in vitro. The depressant effects were enhanced by 5-HT and decreased by LSD. Recent studies from our laboratory ’ showed that the barbiturate hypnotic potentiating action of hersaponin, acorus oil and reserpine is antagonised by dibenzyline while that of chlorpromazine is unaffected (Malhotra, Das and Dhalla, unpublished observations). These investigations indicated that hersaponin and acorus oil might also affect the 5-HT and noradrenaline contents of brain, as does reserpine. Hersaponin, isolated from Herpestis monniera (Sastry, Dhalla and Malhotra, 1959), was suspended in 10 per cent propylene glycol, and acorus oil was suspended in 1 per cent Tween 80. ~ H T and noradrenaline contents of whole brain of adult albino rats were estimated after the intraperitoneal administration of hersaponin, acorus oil, reserpine or chlorpromazine. Control animals were treated with solvents. Noradrenaline was extracted by the method of Vogt (1954) and assayed on rat blood pressure by the method of Crawford and Outschoorn (1951). ~ H T was extracted and assayed on oestrous uterus of rat by the method of Parratt and West (1957). The results of the investigations (Table I) show that hersaponin and acorus oil deplete the rat brain of its noradrenaline and ~ H T contents, as does reserpine.
Role of Pulmonary Surfactant in the Development and Treatment of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The goal of this article has been to examine the role of pulmonary surfactant system alterations in the development of ARDS, and the potential efficacy of surfactant replacement therapy in ARDS and ARDS-type injuries. Data from patients with ARDS and animal models with ARDS-type injuries clearly indicate the existence of a surfactant-deficient state. However, in contrast to neonatal RDS, this deficiency generally does not represent the primary pathogenic factor. The diversity of the disorders associated with ARDS has made it impossible to develop a single-animal model that can be used to test potential therapeutic measures. The ARDS animal models that have been developed are equally diverse, and represent the wide variations in severity and time-course seen clinically. Nevertheless, almost all of the lung injury models show indications of surfactant abnormality, which is caused mainly by biophysical inhibition of surfactant activity by the large amounts of proteinaceous edema found in the injured lungs. In some cases, this surfactant dysfunction is further compounded by a quantitative surfactant deficiency brought about by metabolic alterations of the type II pneumocytes. It is important to note that all of the lung injury models studied thus far have shown significant improvements in pulmonary mechanics and arterial oxygenation after treatment with exogenous surfactant. Such results are consistent with biophysical studies that suggest that increasing the effective surfactant concentration in the lung should mitigate the effects of both quantitative and functional surfactant deficiencies. Although animal studies suggest that surfactant replacement therapy might be efficacious in ARDS, there is a good deal of experimental work that still needs to be done. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Organization of cardiac chamber progenitors in the zebrafish blastula

Organogenesis requires the specification of a variety of cell types and the organization of these cells into a particular three-dimensional configuration. The embryonic vertebrate heart is organized into two major chambers, the ventricle and atrium, each consisting of two tissue layers, the myocardium and endocardium. The cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the separation of ventricular and atrial lineages are not well understood. To test models of cardiac chamber specification, we generated a high-resolution fate map of cardiac chamber progenitors in the zebrafish embryo at 40% epiboly, a stage prior to the initiation of gastrulation. Our map reveals a distinct spatial organization of myocardial progenitors: ventricular myocardial progenitors are positioned closer to the margin and to the dorsal midline than are atrial myocardial progenitors. By contrast, ventricular and atrial endocardial progenitors are not spatially organized at this stage. The relative orientations of ventricular and atrial myocardial progenitors before and after gastrulation suggest orderly movements of these populations. Furthermore, the initial positions of myocardial progenitors at 40% epiboly indicate that signals residing at the embryonic margin could influence chamber fate assignment. Indeed, via fate mapping, we demonstrate that Nodal signaling promotes ventricular fate specification near the margin, thereby playing an important early role during myocardial patterning.
The role of farm exposures in occupational asthma and allergy

Agriculture is very diverse. Farmers commonly grow several different crops, and may also raise animals. They are exposed to a variety of antigens from plants, animals, insects and molds, to which they may become allergic. However, several large epidemiological studies conducted recently in various regions of the world indicate that the prevalence of asthma and allergy is no higher in farmers than in other populations. There is increasing evidence that growing up on a farm may protect against developing asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
AEROBIC FITNESS AND YO‐YO CONTINUOUS AND INTERMITTENT TESTS PERFORMANCES IN SOCCER PLAYERS: ACORRELATION STUDY

Yoyo tests are very popular in soccer; however, no study has addressed details of their relation to canonical aspects of aerobic fitness. Furthermore, no information is available on the effect of the individual levels of lower limbs' explosive strength on yo-yo tests in soccer players. The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological determinants of Yo-yo Endurance Test Level 2 (YYETL2) and Yo-yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRTL1) in soccer players. Twenty-four soccer players (body mass, 74.6 ± 8.5 kg; height, 178.1 ± 4.5 cm; age, 25.6 ± 5.1 years) were tested for &OV0312;O2max and ventilatory threshold (VT) on a motorized treadmill. Lower-limb explosive strength was assessed using vertical countermovement jumps (CMJ) performed on a force platform. Results showed that YYETL2 and YYIRTL1 performances (m) were significantly related (r = 0.75, p = 0.00002). YYETL2 results were significantly related to &OV0312;O2max, &OV0312;O2, and speed at VT (r = 0.75, 0.76, and 0.83, respectively; p < 0.00002). Peak treadmill speed results were significantly related to YYETL2 and YYIRTL1 (r = 0.87 and 0.71, respectively; p < 0.0003). YYIRTL1 was related to CMJ peak power (r = 0.57; p = 0.003). These findings show that YYETL2 and YYIRTL1, although adopting similar starting and progression speeds, are influenced by different physiological variables. From these results, YYETL2 can be considered an aerobic fitness–related field test, whereas YYIRTL1 can be regarded as an aerobic–anaerobic, soccer-specific field test.
An Electrolysis-Bubble-Actuated Micropump Based on the Roughness Gradient Design of Hydrophobic Surface

A novel electrolysis-bubble-actuated micropump based on the roughness gradient design in the microchannel is reported in this paper. This micropump is implemented by taking advantage of both the electrolysis actuation and the surface tension effect. The surface tension effect is controlled via the periodic generation of electrolytic bubbles and the roughness gradient design of microchannel surface, which results in the specified variation of liquid contact angle along the microchannel. Our proposed micropump could resolve the disadvantages that exist in the early reported micropumps, such as the complicated time-sequence power control, the need of long nozzle-diffuser structure, and the choking/sticking phenomena of electrolytic bubbles in a microchannel. Due to the features of large actuation force, low-power consumption, and room temperature operation, our micropump is suitable for the development of low-power consumption and compact micropumps for various applications. Experimental results show that the liquid displacement and the pumping rate could be easily and accurately controlled by adjusting the amplitude and frequency of the applied voltage. With the applied voltage of 15 V at 4.5 Hz, a maximum pumping rate of 114 nl/min is achieved for one of our micropump designs with a microchannel of 100 x 20 mum. In this paper, we report the theoretical analysis, design, micromachining process, operating principles, characterization, and experimental demonstration of these micropumps.
Validity and Reliability of Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Thai Version (ASRS-V1.1 TH)

Background The adult ADHD Self–Report Scale Thai version (ASRS-V1.1) (18 items) is a questionnaire for screening adult ADHD. Aim To test the validity and reliability of the 18-question ASRS-V1.1 Thai version (ASRS-V1.1 TH) as a screening tool for adult ADHD Methods The original 18-question ASRS-V1.1 version was translated into Thai. The process was composed of forward-translation, synthesis of the translation, and back translation. Cross cultural adaptation, field testing, and final adjustment were completed consecutively. The 18-question ASRS-V1.1 TH were sent to 1,500 parents of kindergarten and elementary school students in Bangkok, Thailand. The diagnostic interview was randomly selected for 50 parents from the positive result group and 50 parents from the negative result group. The clinical interview for confirming diagnosis was run by 3 psychiatrists who were blinded to the results and used DSM-5 ADHD criteria for diagnosis. Results The 18-question ASRS-V1.1 TH had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92: Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87 for inattentive scale, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.84 for hyperactive / impulsive scale). For testing the criteria validity, the questionnaire has an adequate. The AUC from the first 6 questions was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.68-0.92) while from the 18 questions was 0.71(95% CI: 0.55-0.86). Conclusions The 18-question ASRS-V1.1TH is a psychometrically reliable and valid measure for screening adult ADHD in Thai clinical samples, especially the first 6 questions of the questionnaire.
The effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine premedication on intraocular pressure and pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation

Background and Aims: Penetrating eye injuries are a challenge for the anesthesiologists in emergency due to increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine premedication on changes in IOP and hemodynamic response following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Material and Methods: Hundred patients aged 18-60 years undergoing elective nonophthalmic surgery were divided into two groups of 50 each. Group D received a bolus dose of dexmedetomidine (0.4 μg/kg) diluted to 20 ml normal saline and Group C received normal saline (0.4 ml/kg) over 10 min as premedication. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and IOP were measured and recorded before premedication (T1), 5 and 10 m after premedication (T2, T3), immediately after induction, intubation and then 1, 3, 5 min after intubation (T4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Results: HR was comparable in both groups at preoperative level, but it was significantly low in the drug group when compared with the control group at T4-T8 (P = 0.034, P < 0.001, 0.001, 0.036 and 0.001, respectively). The SBP was comparable in both the groups at baseline and till before induction. At T4-T8 there was a fall in SBP in Group D compared to the Group C (P = 0.045, P = 0.007, 0.001, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). The baseline IOP was comparable in both the groups (P = NS). There was a significant fall in the IOP in Group D, 5 min after the drug infusion compared to Group C, which was sustained till 5 min after intubation (T8) (P < 0.001 at all intervals). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine premedication in the dose of 0.4 μg/kg lowers the IOP and attenuates the pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation.
Biomarkers of Nutritional Exposure and Nutritional Status Markers of the Validity of Reported Energy Intake 1

Energy intake (EI) is the foundation of the diet, because all other nutrients must be provided within the quantity of food needed to fulfill the energy requirement. Thus if total EI is underestimated, it is probable that the intakes of other nutrients are also underestimated. Under conditions of weight stability, EI equals energy expenditure (EE). Because at the group level weight may be regarded as stable in the timescale of a dietary assessment, the validity of reported EI can be evaluated by comparing it with either measured EE or an estimate of the energy requirement of the population. This paper provides the first comprehensive review of studies in which EI was reported and EE was measured using the doubly labeled water technique. These conclusively demonstrate widespread bias to the underestimation of EI. Because energy requirements of populations or individuals can be conveniently expressed as multiples of the basal metabolic rate (BMR), EE:BMR, reported EI may also be expressed as EI:BMR for comparison. Values of EI:BMR falling below the 95% confidence limit of agreement between these two measures signify the presence of underreporting. A formula for calculating the lower 95% confidence limit was proposed by Goldberg et al. (the Goldberg cutoff). It has been used by numerous authors to identify individual underreporters in different dietary databases to explore the variables associated with underreporting. These studies are also comprehensively reviewed. They explore the characteristics of underreporters and the biases in estimating nutrient intake and in describing meal patterns associated with underreporting. This review also examines some of the problems for the interpretation of data introduced by underreporting and particularly by variable underreporting across subjects. Future directions for research are identified. J. Nutr. 133: 895S–920S, 2003.
WIP is critical for T cell responsiveness to IL-2

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) interacting protein (WIP) stabilizes the WAS protein (WASP), the product of the gene mutated in WAS. WIP-deficient T cells have low WASP levels, limiting the usefulness of WIP KO mice in defining the role of WIP in T cell function. To define this role, we compared WIP/WASP double KO (DKO) mice to WASP KO mice on DO11.10 background. T cell development was normal in both strains, but peripheral T cell numbers were significantly decreased in DKO mice. WASP KO T cells proliferated and secreted IL-2 normally in response to OVA peptide (OVAp). In contrast, T cells from DKO mice proliferated poorly in response to OVAp in vitro, and cutaneous hapten hypersensitivity was deficient in these mice. DKO T cells up-regulated CD25 expression and secreted normal amounts of IL-2 after antigen stimulation, but had defective response to IL-2, evidenced by failure to further up-regulate CD25 expression, phosphorylate STAT5, and induce expression of STAT5-dependent genes. DKO, but not WASP KO, T cells had a disrupted subcortical actin cytoskeleton and impaired actin polymerization after T cell antigen receptor (TCR) ligation. These results indicate that WIP is essential for IL-2 signaling and responsiveness in T cells, possibly because of its critical role in TCR-triggered actin cytoskeletal reorganization.
Analytical modeling of permanent magentic synchronous motors considering spatial harmonics

This work presents a new analytical modeling method of electrical machines with a focus on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors. The goal of this work is to establish a platform for simulation and optimization of synchronous motors considering the spatial distribution of flux density in all its parts. The dynamic motor behavior is emulated with a quasi-static model. Based on this model, all other motor parameters are calculated and presented as mathematical functions of time and rotor position. The spatial harmonic model of the motor facilitates a deeper understanding of motor behavior. The adaptive algorithm introduced here can be modified based on the results obtained from finite element analyses. The compliance of the analytical model to finite element calculations is the main goal of this work.
Catastrophic Injuries in High School and College Baseball Players

Background There are few epidemiologic studies of catastrophic baseball injuries. Purpose To develop a profile of catastrophic injuries in baseball players and to describe relevant risk factors. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods The authors reviewed 41 incidents of baseball injuries reported to the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research from 1982 until 2002. Results There were an estimated 1.95 direct catastrophic injuries per year, or 0.43 injuries per 100,000 participants. The most common mechanisms of injury were a collision of fielders (9) or of a base runner and a fielder (8), a pitcher hit by a batted ball (14), and an athlete hit by a thrown ball (4). Catastrophic injuries included 23 severe head injuries, 8 cervical injuries, 3 cases of commotio cordis, and 2 cases each of a collapsed trachea and facial fractures. Three athletes sustained a severe head injury and facial fractures. Ten of the 41 injuries were fatalities. Conclusions Suggestions for reducing catastrophic injuries in baseball include teaching proper techniques to avoid fielding and base running collisions, protecting the pitcher via a combination of screens and/or helmets with faceguards, continued surveillance and modifications of the bat and ball, eliminating headfirst slides, and continued analysis of chest protectors and automatic external defibrillators for commotio cordis.
Evaluation of noise estimation techniques for single-channel speech in low SNR noise environment

This paper investigates the performance capability of noise estimation techniques for single-channel speech. These techniques are evaluated in presence of low SNR noises (i. e. f16, babble, white, and pink). The noise estimation techniques have major impact on the quality and intelligibility of denoised speech pattern. The noise estimation techniques are evaluated in frequency domain in terms of quality and intelligibility measure parameters. The Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ), Weighted Spectral Slop metric (WSS), Frequency Weighted Segmental SNR (fw-SNRseg), Speech Intelligibility Index (SII), and output SNR parameters are used for performance evaluation of low SNR noises mixed speech patterns. The sampling frequency used for processing is 8000 Hz and all algorithms are implemented in MATLAB 7.14.
An Algorithm for Bayesian Networks Structure Learning Based on Simulated Annealing with MDL Restriction

By means of deducing and analyzing the minimum description length (MDL) principle as the grading functions, this paper designs a maximum entropy grade-function with complexity restriction, and proposes an algorithm for structure learning in Bayesian networks based on simulated annealing. Then according to the analysis of the historical stock data with this algorithm, the topological structure of network is obtained and so is conditional probability table of every network node. At last, the trend and fluctuation interval of the stock price are forecasted by this Bayesian model.
Pharmacotherapy of pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis are common causes of illness and death. The pharmacological approach to pulmonary embolism includes the use of anticoagulants, unfractionated heparin for the acute phase, and oral anticoagulants for prophylaxis. In massive PE, the use of thrombolytic agents is suggested to reduce systemic hypotension and right ventricular failure and increase cardiac output. Thrombolytic agents act on pulmonary vascular obstruction. In clinical practice, thrombolytic therapy is recommended in case of massive embolism with haemodynamic failure. Recent studies suggest the use of thrombolytic drugs in patients with normal systemic blood pressure who show right ventricular dysfunction at echocardiographic examination. A large randomised trial on lytic agents in submassive PE is therefore needed. Anticoagulants were primarily indicated for prevention of recurrences. Due to the development of low molecular weight heparin, the role of anticoagulants needs to be re-evaluated.