Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Sense to Action: A Word-Action Disambiguation Task in NLP

Words are conventionalized symbols that pre-sent the function by which meaning is attached to form. The Word Sense Disambiguation, which has been taken as one of the core semantic processing tasks in the pipe-lined NLP architecture, aims to assign proper word sense to lemma form in varied contexts based on a word-sense inventory such as WordNet. However, there are some theoretical assumptions unattested from a functional linguistic point of view. This paper proposes an alternative by introducing a novel task called word action disambiguation task (WAD) concentrated on the observable pairs between words and actions. The accompanying dataset, which was manually edited and compiled, is composed of 419 multiple-choice questions. We further verified the dataset through item evaluation with human rating data, and the semantic relations among the dataset were annotated automatically. A baseline performance with an accuracy of 38.64% was also provided with BERT models and 43.18% after incorporating paradigmatic knowledge with semantic graph. We expect the proposal of the WAD task and dataset would motivate computational models to incorporate more complex aspects of human language.
The Framework of Multiword Expression in Indonesian Language

This paper presents our attempt to develop an Indonesian multi-word expression (MWE) identification framework. The framework consists of three different steps. In the first step, we surveyed any definitions and categorizations of MWEs in the previous studies. In the second step, sentences from our language corpora are segmented and high-frequency n-grams are extracted using statistical methods. The extraction results which consist of word sequences are evaluated and reorganized by using the phraseological analysis procedure. This procedure consists of polylexicality, fixedness, and idiomaticity. The final step is to recategorize and reevaluate data collected in the second step. In this research, data is collected from newspapers, Wikipedia, and scientific papers. The result shows that in terms of Indonesian MWEs, despite polylexicality and fixedness, idiomatic-ity should be correlated with compositionality to get a better classification of MWEs.
Learning to Describe Editing Activities in Collaborative Environments: A Case Study on GitHub and Wikipedia

We propose to study the automatic generation of descriptions from content editing activities in collaborative environments. We deﬁne such task as identifying the changes associated to two consecutive versions of a document, and then producing a message in natural language that explains it, which should provide a compact description of the change while retaining its key informative elements. Our model is based on a sequence to sequence architecture that receives as input the representation of the change, and outputs a message. We pro-pose a framework to conceptualize the problem and two instances for GitHub activity and Wikipedia contributions, two of the most important collaborative systems on the Web. Our results indicate that the proposed approach is able to generate feasible descriptions, which are on average aligned with the semantic purpose of the editing activities.
Neural Micro-Planning for Data to Text Generation Produces more Cohesive Text

We aim to prove the usefulness of separating data to text generation into micro-planning and realization, and focus on micro-planning as a task that can be learned and evaluated separately. We adopt a simple structure for micro-plans and develop an initial neural model to learn such a plan from a ﬂat input of triplets. We deﬁne a method to measure planning quality, and an evaluation method of generated text by examining syntactic phenomena re-lated to text cohesion. In experiments on the WebNLG dataset, we demonstrate the correlation between higher quality planning and more natural, cohesive text. The quantitative data-driven methodological approach we illustrate can help formulate hypotheses that a more sophisticated micro-plan formalism and its interface with surface realization decisions could help explore.
ILP-based Opinion Sentence Extraction from User Reviews for Question DB Construction

Typical systems for analyzing users’ opinions from online product reviews have been re-searched and developed successfully. However, it is still hard to obtain sufﬁcient user opinions when many reviews consist of short messages. This problem can be solved with an active opinion acquisition (AOA) framework that has an interactive interface and can elicit additional opinions from users. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically constructing a question database (QDB) essential for an AOA. In particular, to eliminate noisy sentences, we discuss a model for extracting opinion sentences that is formulated as a maximum coverage problem. Our proposed model has two advantages: (1) excluding redundant questions from a QDB while keeping variations of questions and (2) preferring simple sentence structures suitable for the question generation process. Our experimental results show that the proposed method achieved a precision of 0.88. We also give details on the optimal combination of model parameters.
Bilingual Multi-word Expressions, Multiple-correspondence, and their cultivation from parallel patents: The Chinese-English case

Multi-Word Expressions (MWEs) typically offer challenges in both linguistics and Natural Language Processing (NLP) and their cross-lingual correspondences also introduce new issues . This paper draws on a specially cultivated corpus of more than 300,000 comparable Chinese-English patents over 10 years [Patentlex: http://patentlex.chilin. hk], and focuses on issues related to bilingual correspondence between Chinese and English technical vocabularies extracted from it in terms of: (1) Non-unique correspondence between cross-lingual terms, which so far has not attracted sufficient interests, (2) Means to cultivate good sources for up-to-date technical terms, (3) A network approach to the weighted multilingual alternate renditions and their presentation through knowledge graphs, and (4) Typological differences in the cross-lingual MWEs, including the internal structure of constituent words and their sociolinguistic-discoursal registers.
Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium sp. Strain JC1 DSM 3803

Mycobacterium sp. strain JC1 DSM3803 is one of the few known bacteria predicted to possess the xylulose monophosphate (XuMP) pathway of C1 carbon assimilation. The draft genome is 7,921,603 bp with a GC content of 66.88% and will allow more in depth investigation of the bacterium’s unique metabolisms. ABSTRACT Mycobacterium sp. strain JC1 DSM 3803 is one of the few known bacteria predicted to possess the xylulose monophosphate (XuMP) pathway of C1 assimilation. The draft genome is 7,921,603 bp with a GC content of 66.88% and will allow more in-depth investigation of this bacterium’s unique metabolism.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus coagulans BC01, a Promising Human Probiotic Strain Isolated from Thick Broad Bean Sauce

We report the whole-genome sequence of a promising human probiotic, Bacillus coagulans BC01, isolated from thick broad-bean sauce. B. coagulans BC01 is widely used in China, where it is considered a treatment for diarrhea, constipation, and allergies and an immunity booster. The complete genome sequence of B. coagulans BC01 will help future research to provide more molecular information about its features and safety. ABSTRACT We report the whole-genome sequence of a promising human probiotic, Bacillus coagulans BC01, isolated from thick broad bean sauce. B. coagulans BC01 is widely used in China, where it is considered a treatment for diarrhea, constipation, and allergies and an immunity booster. The complete genome sequence of B. coagulans BC01 will help future research to provide more molecular information about its features and safety.
Genome Sequence of Hardyhisp2, a Gammapleolipovirus Infecting Haloarcula hispanica

Hardyhisp2 virus infects the halophilic archaeon Haloarcula hispanica DSM 4426T and is closely related to His2 (Pleolipoviridae family). The viral genome is 16,133 bp long, with terminal inverted repeats of 599 bp. The predicted spike protein is only weakly similar (32% amino acid identity) to that of His2. ABSTRACT Hardyhisp2 virus infects the halophilic archaeon Haloarcula hispanica DSM 4426T and is closely related to His2 (Pleolipoviridae family). The viral genome is 16,133 bp long, with terminal inverted repeats of 599 bp. The predicted spike protein is only weakly similar (32% amino acid identity) to that of His2.
River basins on the edge of change

Water scarcity after the Millennium Drought reveals the finite resilience of water systems Ecological systems can switch into qualitatively different states after small perturbations (1). Climate change and anthropic activities are dominant drivers of such ecological shifts, which affect the ability of these systems to recover from future disturbance (2). Such finite resilience in complex and dynamic natural systems has been predicted and documented (3). However, whether abrupt transitions have occurred or will occur in the water cycle is an unsolved problem (4). The possibility for river basins to achieve thresholds at which tiny perturbations alter their state and lead to chronic water scarcity or excessive water bears substantial implications for the sustainable use of water resources in extreme climate conditions (5). On page 745 of this issue, Peterson et al. (6) demonstrate that river systems exhibit a finite resilience to perturbations and that climate may indeed drive river basins between alternative states.
Toxicological and Pharmacological Studies of New Coumarin and Furocoumarin Derivatives in Albino rats

Synthetic coumarin and furocoumarin derivatives were evaluated for anticoagulant activity and the effect on liver and kidney function. It was found that all of the compounds under investigation proved to be neither toxic nor lethal up to 500 mg/100 g body weight as a single dose for 24 hrs. All tested compounds showed a significant increase in prothrombin time (PT) in the acute model but failed to show a significant action in the chronic model. Furthermore, all tested compounds revealed a significant increase in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) as compared to control value in both acute and chronic model. Also, all tested compounds did not cause any significant changes on liver and kidney functions in rats.
Reinforce Based Optimization in Wireless Communication Technologies and Routing Techniques Using Internet of Flying Vehicles

Effective communication plays a pivotal role to measure the quality of experience in networks. Recent technological development in the area of wireless communication and many other fields are emerged like flying ad hoc networks, internet of everything. Due to dynamic structure of unmanned aerial vehicles the mobile topological structure is having direct concerns about communication technology performance. Conventional routing techniques are utilized in communication to ensure effective connectivity of two or more workstations. This research study performs comprehensive comparative evaluation wireless communication technology generation for various parameters arrangements. Also qualified learning study is incorporated about different routing protocols in the area of flying ad hoc networks.
State of Research Based on Essence (A Systematic Mapping Study)

The state of research based on Essence is a Systematic Mapping Study. The Essence is a great revolution in the field of Software Engineering and gaining more popularity as it brings Researchers and Practitioners on common ground. The term "Common Ground" refers to the methods and practices which are common for both industry and academia. The purpose of this study is to find out what kind of research is being reported in the literature which involves Essence. Through our analysis of the study we find out the gaps and clusters using maps of Essence on SWEBOK, Research Methodologies, Lists of Areas Using Essence (Tags), Country Wise Category and, Kernel Elements using in different categories. This study will help out the researchers to get the overall view of work done in different Software Engineering areas Using Essence and which areas are still lacking. This research also helps us to find the existing problems which can be overcome in the future.
Oil/water separation techniques: a review of recent progresses and future directions

Oil/water separation is a field of high significance as it has direct practical implications for resolving the problem of industrial oily wastewater and other oil/water pollution. Therefore, the development of functional materials for efficient treatment of oil-polluted water is imperative. In this feature article, we have reviewed the recent progress of oil/water separation technologies based on filtration and absorption methods using various materials that possess surface superwetting properties. In each section, we present in detail representative work and describe the concepts, employed materials, fabrication methods, and the effects of their wetting/dewetting behaviors on oil/water separation. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of this promising research field are briefly discussed.
Carrier testing for autosomal recessive disorders: a look at current practice in Germany

Abstract Counseling recurrence risks for monogenic disorders is one of the mainstays of human genetics. However, in practice, consultations concerning autosomal recessive disorders exceed the simple conveyance of a 25 % recurrence risk for future offspring. Medical geneticists should be aware of the multifaceted way in which autosomal recessive disorders can pose a diagnostic and counseling challenge in their daily lives and of the pitfalls they might encounter. Although the intentional or incidental detection of carrier states for autosomal recessive diseases happens more and more frequently, our current practice when clarifying their associated reproductive risks remains unsystematic and often subjectively guided. We question whether the approach of focusing on small recurrence risks for a single familial disease with extensive single-gene tests in the partner of a known carrier truly addresses the counseling needs of a couple seeking preconceptional genetic advice. Different perspectives between patients and medical practitioners (or between different medical practitioners) on “acceptable risks” or the extent to which such risks must be minimized raise the question of whether existing professional guidelines need to be clarified.
Heterogeneity in the Relationship Between NPLs and Real Economy: Evidence from the Mongolian Banking System

Abstract The paper analyses the relationship between the banks’ credit risk and macroeconomic conditions by addressing the following questions; (i) How are macroeconomic shocks transmitted to lending risk depending on the ban-specific features? (ii) Are the effects of macroeconomic shocks different across the loan portfolios in various economic sectors? Unlike the common assumption in the literature, the empirical analysis considers banks’ heterogeneity and diversification across borrowers. It employs heterogeneous panel SVARs and standard SVAR models on a dataset from 2002. Q1 to 2019.Q1. The results suggest that the deterioration in credit quality is affected by both macroeconomic and bank-specific factors, with substantial heterogeneity in the magnitudes and timing in terms of the type of loans in various business sectors and bank characteristics. In particular, we find strong evidence of cyclical sensitivity of loan quality, and about 1/4 of banks’ NPLs increases stronger in response to the shocks to growth, exchange rate, interest rate, and profitability. The highly profitable banks tend to less engage in excessive risk-taking, resulting in lower NPLs, whereas the relation of asset size to NPLs is not significant for the sample. A growth shock plays a prominent role in explaining the variation of NPLs for the trade and mining sectors. Similarly, the loan supply shock is the main determinant for the construction sector’s NPLs, while the exchange rate shock is the most responsible for the manufacturing sector. The interest rate shock and exchange rate shock are the most effective factors on NPLs of consumer loans. Finally, the feedback effect of NPLs shows that deterioration of credit quality slows down economic growth.
Emissions of Gaseous Pollutants from Pig Farms and Methods for their Reduction – A Review

Abstract Agriculture contributes significantly to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Livestock production, including pig production, is associated with several gaseous pollutants released into the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including alcohols, aldehydes, and aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, as well as typically odorous pollutants, are an inseparable element of raising and breeding farm animals. These emissions can degrade local and regional air quality, contribute to surface water eutrophication and acid rain, and increase the greenhouse gas footprint of the production sector. The paper is organized as follows. First, the sources and factors influencing the level of emissions from pig houses are described. Next, the effects of dietary methods (optimization of animal diets), hygienic methods (including microclimate optimization) and technological methods (application of technological solutions) for mitigating emissions from pigs are discussed.
Exosomal transmission of α-synuclein initiates Parkinson’s disease-like pathology

The intercellular transmission of α-synuclein is proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD)1. Supporting this transmission hypothesis, α-synuclein has been identified to act as a prion2 and has been found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and saliva3. However, the mechanism required to initiate the pathogenic spread of α-synuclein in the body that results in PD remains unclear. Here we identify a mechanism for the loading of α-synuclein into exosomes, resulting in prion-like transmission that is mediated by the ubiquitin ligase activator, Ndfip1. Risk factors associated with PD, including metal toxicity, lysosome dysfunction and pesticide exposure,4 stimulate the upregulation of Ndfip1 and increase the loading of α-synuclein into exosomes. We used this pathway to promote the loading of endogenous α-synuclein into exosomes, that when intranasally delivered to either wild type or M83 transgenic mice, resulted in Parkinson’s-like pathology including motor impairments and brain amyloids. Recipient cells require α-synuclein for pathogenesis, as delivery of exosomes containing α-synuclein to Snca knockout mice did not generate brain amyloids or Parkinson’s-like motor impairments. Our results demonstrate a novel mechanism to initiate the prion-like spread of α-synuclein in exosomes, following exposure to risk factors for PD.
A classical-quantum hybrid oracle architecture for Boolean oracle identification in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era

Quantum algorithms have the potential to be very powerful. However, to exploit quantum parallelism, some quantum algorithms require an embedding of large classical data into quantum states. This embedding can cost a lot of resources, for instance by implementing quantum random-access memory (QRAM). An important instance of this is in quantum-enhanced machine learning algorithms. We propose a new way of circumventing this requirement by using a classical-quantum hybrid architecture where the input data can remain classical, which differs from other hybrid models. We apply this to a fundamental computational problem called Boolean oracle identification, which offers a useful primitive for quantum machine learning algorithms. Its aim is to identify an unknown oracle amongst a list of candidates while minimising the number of queries to the oracle. In our scheme, we replace the classical oracle with our hybrid oracle. We demonstrate both theoretically and numerically that the success rates of the oracle query can be improved in the presence of noise and also enables us to explore a larger search space. This also makes the model suitable for realisation in the current era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Furthermore, we can show our scheme can lead to a reduction in the learning sample complexity. This means that for certain sizes of learning samples, our classical-quantum hybrid learner can complete the learning task faithfully whereas a classical learner cannot.
The Sum of Two Halves May Be Different from the Whole—Effects of Splitting Sequencing Samples Across Lanes

The advances in high throughput sequencing (HTS) enabled the characterisation of biological processes at an unprecedented level of detail; the majority of hypotheses in molecular biology rely on analyses of HTS data. However, achieving increased robustness and reproducibility of results remains one of the main challenges. Although variability in results may be introduced at various stages, e.g. alignment, summarisation or detection of differences in expression, one source of variability was systematically omitted: the sequencing design which propagates through analyses and may introduce an additional layer of technical variation. We illustrate qualitative and quantitative differences arising from splitting samples across lanes, on bulk and single-cell sequencing. For bulk mRNAseq data, we focus on differential expression and enrichment analyses; for bulk ChIPseq data, we investigate the effect on peak calling, and peaks’ properties. At single-cell level, we concentrate on identifying cell subpopulations. We rely on markers used for assigning cell identities; both smartSeq and 10x data are presented. The observed reduction in the number of unique sequenced fragments reduces the level of detail on which the different prediction approaches depend. Further, the sequencing stochasticity adds in a weighting bias corroborated with variable sequencing depths and (yet unexplained) sequencing bias.
A novel dual enrichment strategy provides soil- and digestate-competent N2O-respiring bacteria for mitigating climate forcing in agriculture

Manipulating soil metabolism by heavy inoculation with microbes is deemed realistic if waste from anaerobic digestion (digestate) is utilized as substrate and vector, but requires organisms that can grow both in digestate and soil (=generalist). We designed a strategy to enrich and isolate such generalist N2O-respiring bacteria (NRB) in soil and digestate, to provide inoculum for reducing N2O-emissions from agricultural soil. Sequential anaerobic enrichment cultures were provided with a small dose of O2 and unlimited N2O, alternating between sterilized digestate and soil as substrates. The cultures were monitored for gas kinetics and community composition (16SrDNA), and cluster-analysis identified generalist-OTUs which became dominant, digestate/soil-specialists which did not, and a majority that were diluted out. Several NRBs circumscribed by generalist-OTU’s were isolated, genome sequenced to screen for catabolic capacity, and phenotyped, to assess their capacity as N2O-sinks in soil. The two isolates Cloacibacterium sp. , carrying only N2O-reductase (Clade-II) and Pseudomonas sp. , with full-fledged denitrification-pathway, were both very effective N2O-sinks in soil, with Pseudomonas sp. , showing a long-lasting sink effect, suggesting better survival in soil. This avenue for utilizing waste to bioengineer the soil microbiota holds promise to effectively combat N2O-emissions but could also be utilized for enhancing other metabolic functions in soil. Graphical abstract