Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Great tits in noisy territories and avoiding overlapping respond stronger to territorial 5 intruders

Great tits in noisy territories and avoiding overlapping respond stronger to territorial intruders. Abstract 42 Animals often communicate with each other in noisy environments where interference from the 43 ambient noise and other signallers may reduce the effectiveness of signals. Signalling behaviours 44 may also evolve to interfere with signals of their opponents, e.g. by temporally overlapping them 45 with their own, such as the song overlapping behaviour that is seen in some songbirds during 46 aggressive interactions. Song overlapping has been proposed to be a signal of aggressive intent, but 47 few studies directly examined the association between song overlapping and aggressive behaviours 48 of the overlapping bird (the predictive criterion). In the present paper we examined the question of 49 whether song overlapping is correlated with aggressive behaviours displayed during a simulated 50 territorial intrusion in a population of great tits ( Parus major ) living in an urban-rural gradient. We 51 also examined whether aggressive behaviours are correlated with the ambient noise levels. We 52 found that overlapping was associated negatively with aggressive behaviours males displayed 53 against a simulated intruder. These results fail to support the predictive criterion for song 54 overlapping, raising the question whether overlapping is in fact a signal of aggressive intent. 55 Ambient noise levels were associated positively with aggressive behaviours but did not correlate 56 with song rate, song duration or song overlapping. Great tits in noisy urban habitats may display 57 higher levels of aggressive behaviours due to either interference of noise in aggressive 58 communication or another indirect effect of noise. 59
Revealing atomic-scale molecular diffusion of a plant-transcription factor WRKY domain protein along DNA

Significance In transcription factors’ search for target genes, one-dimensional diffusion of the protein along DNA is essential. Experimentally, it remains challenging to resolve the individual diffusional steps of protein on DNA. Here, we report mainly all-atom equilibrium simulations of a WRKY domain protein in association with and diffusion along DNA. We demonstrate a complete stepping cycle of the protein for one base pair on DNA within microseconds, along with stochastic motions. Processive protein diffusions on DNA have been further sampled in a coarse-grained model. We have also found preferential DNA-strand association of the domain protein, which becomes most prominent at specific DNA binding, and it can be common for small-domain proteins to balance movements on the DNA with the sequence recognition. Transcription factor (TF) target search on genome is highly essential for gene expression and regulation. High-resolution determination of TF diffusion along DNA remains technically challenging. Here, we constructed a TF model system using the plant WRKY domain protein in complex with DNA from crystallography and demonstrated microsecond diffusion dynamics of WRKY on DNA by employing all-atom molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations. Notably, we found that WRKY preferentially binds to one strand of DNA with significant energetic bias compared with the other, or nonpreferred strand. The preferential DNA-strand binding becomes most prominent in the static process, from nonspecific to specific DNA binding, but less distinct during diffusive movements of the domain protein on the DNA. Remarkably, without employing acceleration forces or bias, we captured a complete one-base-pair stepping cycle of the protein tracking along major groove of DNA with a homogeneous poly-adenosine sequence, as individual hydrogen bonds break and reform at the protein–DNA binding interface. Further DNA-groove tracking motions of the protein forward or backward, with occasional sliding as well as strand crossing to minor groove of DNA, were also captured. The processive diffusion of WRKY along DNA has been further sampled via coarse-grained MD simulations. The study thus provides structural dynamics details on diffusion of a small TF domain protein, suggests how the protein approaches a specific recognition site on DNA, and supports further high-precision experimental detection. The stochastic movements revealed in the TF diffusion also provide general clues about how other protein walkers step and slide along DNA.
Um Estudo Empírico sobre Crowdsourcing: O Brasil na plataforma TopCoder

This paper describes an analysis of Brazilian software developers in the largest software engineering crowdsourcing platform, TopCoder. We compare Brazilian active coders in this platform with actives coders from other countries, especially BRICS, Latin America and Western Europe. Our results can be used to further Brazilian participation in the platform. Resumo. Este artigo descreve uma análise quantitativa dos programadores do Brasil que atuam na maior plataforma crowdsourcing do mundo na área de engenharia de software, a TopCoder. Além disso, considerando apenas os desenvolvedores ativos, uma análise é feita comparando os brasileiros com os programadores de outros países, assim como os brasileiros comparados com os programadores das regiões do BRICS, America Latina e Leste Europeu. Os resultados deste estudo podem ser utilizados para melhorar a participação dos engenheiros de software brasileiros. 1. Introdução Segundo Brabham (2008), o termo crowdsourcing foi cunhado por Howe e Robinson em Junho de 2006. Esse termo descreve um novo modelo de negócio baseado na web que aproveita os conhecimentos e soluções de pessoas geograficamente distribuídas, mas conectadas via Internet. Por exemplo, uma pessoa ou companhia divulga, por meio da Internet, um problema a ser resolvido. Um número vasto de pessoas oferecem soluções para o problema e a recompensa é dada para a solução vencedora. Neste contexto, ambos se beneficiam: tanto a empresa por obter a solução de seu problema ou produto rapidamente e com melhores custos financeiros, quanto o trabalhador que desenvolveu a solução ao ter a possibilidade de ganhar uma recompensa, seja em dinheiro, prêmios, ou até mesmo a própria fama (Malone et al. 2010). A InnoCentive é um exemplo de empresa que oferece prêmios para pesquisadores que apresentam soluções para um problema científico (Zatti 2013) (Malone et al. 2011). O surgimento do crowdsourcing foi proporcionado pelo conceito de inteligência coletiva. Segundo (Alves et al. 2011), a inteligência coletiva é definida como uma inteligência presente em todas as partes do mundo, coordenada em tempo real, e que resulta em competências eficientes continuamente valorizadas. A multidão colabora em
The Government Receives Moral License to Commit Transgressions When Compared to Other Entities

Abstract In this paper, we examine moral judgments about different entities including individuals, corporations, nonprofits, and governments following a transgression. Although there is some research examining inferences about groups, there is little work addressing attributions about institutional entities such as governments. Across six studies we found that moral character judgments are greater for governmental entities compared to other entities. This effect was driven by moral licensing and the values one shares with the government. The finding was not caused by intuitions about paternalism, the relative age of governments compared to other entities, and was also not explained by nationalism or system justification. Discussion centers on implications of the data for moral licensing theory and moral attribution.
ARREST: AN OBSERVATIONAL PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Aim The association between the detection time interval (DTI) from the call for ambulance to the detection of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by the dispatcher and the outcomes in dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) is unclear. Method Adults and cardiac OHCA received DA-CPR between 2013 and 2016 were analysed. The main exposure was DTI defined as the time interval from the call for ambulance to the detection of OHCA by the dispatcher. The primary outcomes were the good cerebral performance category (CPC) (1 or 2). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders, by the 10and 30 s DTI increase and three DTI groups; Short (0–90 s), Middle (91–180 s), and Long (181– 1,200 s) groups. Results Of 1 16 374 adults with an OHCA, 11 833 were finally analysed. Overall, the survival to discharge rate was 11.4%, and the good CPC rate was 8.0%. For good CPC, the AOR (95% CIs) for good CPC was 0.99 (0.98–1.00) by 10 s DTI delay and 0.97 (0.95–0.99) by 30 s DTI delay. The AORs (95% CIs) for good CPC were 0.84 (0.71–1.00) for the Middle and 0.79 (0.66–0.96) for the Long DTI groups compared with Short DTI. Conclusion A longer DTI in DA-CPR showed significantly lower good neurological recovery in witnessed and adult OHCA patients and 30 s delay was associated with 3% decrease of good CPC. Conflict of interest None Funding None
Diversifying the Profession: Recruitment, Retention, and Career Enhancement Strategies Utilized with Under-Represented Groups.

Information regarding the recruitment, retention, placement, and career enhancement of diverse populations was provided. by 35 purposefully selected departments of agricultural education. The institutions that were included in the telephone interviews were chosen to provide geographic, 1862 and 1890 land grant, and nonland grant representation. Major findings included the following: 17 universities identified minority students in at least 1 of their recruitment or retention activities for undergraduates; 12 universities mentioned minority students in at least 1 of their recruitment activities for graduate students; and no university mentioned special retention activities for minority or women graduate students. Thirteen universities indicated they did nothing special to recruit or retain undergraduate students from diverse populations; 10 universities stated they did not do anything different or special to recruit or retain graduate students. The most common type of diverse population recruitment identified was that of including pictures of minorities and women in recruitment brochures and other related materials. Two universities did not consider women as minority students in agricultural education. Nine universities indicated the major recruitment tool for diverse population graduate students was financial aid packages. No university identified doing anything special or different for diverse population students to help them secure professional positions at graduation or after employment. (YLB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************ik************************************************* DIVERSIFYING THE PROFESSION Recruitment, Retention, and Career Enhancement Strategies Utilized with Under-represented Groups Committee Report Prepared by Blannie E. Bowen, Chair, The Pennsylvania State University Miley Gonzalez, New Mexico Suite University Emma lou Nor land, The Ohio State University Leon G. Schumacher, University of Missouri Paul Vaughn, Texas Tech University Linda Whent, University of California Davis
Factors Impacting Employment Outcomes for Older Adults With Disabilities in Korea

Although older adults with disabilities have a need and desire to be productive, for many this takes the form of work, they often face barriers in finding and maintaining employment. To improve understanding of employment characteristics and needs for older adults with disabilities in Korea, this study examined their employment rates (ER) from a life-span perspective. A dataset on individuals from age 41 to 75 (N = 4,211) from the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED), collected by the Korea Employment Agency for the Disabled (KEAD) from 2008 to 2015, was used. The study looked at whether ER were significantly different among age ranges of older adults with disabilities in Korea and also what factors predict their ER, using ANOVA (analysis of variance) and tobit regression. As a result, the study confirmed factors influencing employment with older adults with disabilities, including demographic factors, disability factors, health-related factors, and psychosocial factors, varied for different age groups. This implies that it is crucial to attend to the diverse needs of individuals with disabilities at various ages, and vocational rehabilitation services need to be customized for different age groups.
Modelo de Custo Total de Propriedade para Avaliação de Infraestruturas em Nuvem

Cloud computing, in addition to promoting a shared data storage and processing model, strengthens the Cloud Service Provider (CSP) technical and economic potential, presenting numerous investment possibilities. This paper proposes a cost model and an evaluation scenario based on Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), evaluating the context of acquisition and operation of equipment for the implementation of cloud infrastructure. Hence, it was possible to specify the main assets of typical cloud infrastructures and, above all, to evaluate their financial performance based on cost projections that took into account aspects that directly infer the return of Data Center investments.
Chemical Profiling and Discrimination of Medicinal Himalayan Iris Species Using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry Combined with Principal Component Analysis

1Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India 2Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India 3National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226301, India 4Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
Ground or Swimming Pool Exercises for Women with Knee Osteoarthritis? A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises performed on the ground and at the end of the protocol in both groups (P<.05). The range of motion of knee flexion increased in both study groups after the intervention (P<.05). The pool group demonstrated a reduction of this gain in the follow-up. Pain decreased similarly in both groups (P<.05). The pool group showed an initial quadriceps strength and left hamstring strength lower than the ground group. However, at the end of the protocol, both groups improved muscle strength in both knees (P<.05). The Lequesne and WOMAC scores reduced significantly with 12 sessions in both groups (P<.05), remaining likewise in the follow-up. Conclusion: CKC exercises performed both on the ground and in the swimming pool promoted a decrease in pain and joint stiffness, also improving the mobility, muscle strength and functionality of patients with knee OA.
Effect of different sources of boron and it’s doses on physico-chemical properties of soil and nutrients in soil

Boron management is challenging because the optimum B application range is narrow and optimum B application rates can differ from one soil to another. Among micronutrients, B deficiency is wide spread throughout India. Factor such as pH, texture, organic matter, temperature, moisture content and plant species influence B adsorption, and thereby, plant B uptake. Coarse textured soils prone to leaching as a result of excessive rainfall in humid climate are generally associated with B deficiency. Boron is retained in soils by adsorption onto minerals and humic particles and by forming insoluble Total boron content in Indian soils has been reported to varying from 3.80 to 630 mg kg and available boron from 0.04 to 7.40 mg kg. It is imperative that application of Zn and B containing fertilizers are needed to exploit the production potential of crops under cropping systems and also to mitigate the deficiencies of these nutrients. Addition of S + Zn + B in balanced fertilization schedule increased N, P and K utilization efficiency which highlights the role of micronutrients in increasing macronutrient use efficiency. Since, maize and black gram are the two important crops which are preferred much for its nutritional quality; the present study “Relative changes in Boron fractions in black gram rhizosphere” was contemplated with two objectives: 1) To find out the suitable source, dose and method of boron for black gram, and 2) To study the changes in relative boron fractionation under black gram rhizosphere. To achieve the present objectives a field experiment was conducted with Green gram var. IPU2-43 in factorial randomized block design with three sources, four doses and two methods of application of boron replicated thrice at Bihar Agricultural College Farm of BAU, Sabour during the year 2018-19. Three sources were: S1: Borax, S2: Solubor and S3: Boric acid; Doses: D1: 0.5 kg ha, D2: 1.0 kg ha, D3: 1.5 kg ha, D4: 2.0 kg haand methods: soil and foliar application. Based on the findings of field experiment it can be concluded that the application of graded doses of boron enhanced the growth and yield as well as concentration and uptake of boron. Therefore, addition of boron fertilizer made more boron nutrient available to the black gram crop. There was no significant effect of different sources and doses of boron on soil pH, EC, OC and available NPK. The different forms of boron increased over its initial status with the application of different sources and doses of boron but results did not vary significantly. While among different doses applied, application of 1.5 kg B ha was observed to be at par with the application of 2.0 kg B ha in increasing increasing the amount of boron in different available forms. It was found that foliar applications the best application methods for the boron.
Mindfulness e investigación psicológica positivista: críticas y alternativas

En los últimos años, el fenómeno mindfulness está recibiendo una gran atención en el ámbito científico-académico, y su práctica es aceptada como una eficiente técnica para la mejora de diferentes trastornos psicológicos, habiendo sido integrada en las terapias de tercera generación. En su desarrollo científico, existe un claro predominio de las investigaciones de carácter positivista, que utilizan métodos racionalistas y técnicas de medición estandarizada. Dada la posición ontológica dual materialista del paradigma positivista, estas investigaciones presentan una visión reduccionista y limitada de mindfulness, al distanciarse de su naturaleza esencial no dualista, así como de sus fundamentos morales e implicaciones políticas. En este artículo, se señalan algunas de las cuestiones críticas de la investigación positivista sobre mindfulness en el campo de la psicología, y se muestran alternativas ontológicas y metodológicas más cercanas a su naturaleza original, defendiendo, para ello, el paradigma naturalista y los métodos de investigación cualitativos.
Physical health needs and self-reported health status among adults with autism

Self-reported health status is an integral method to understand how adults on the autism spectrum perceive their healthcare and service needs. The objective of the study is to examine how self-reported health changes with use and need of physical health services. The Pennsylvania autism needs assessment included a survey of adults on the autism spectrum responding for themselves. Self-reported health status change over the previous year was reported as improved, decreased, or stable. Adjusted multinomial logistic regression was used to identify characteristics of individuals who experienced decreased or improved health. A total of 1197 adults responded, with most respondents’ health remaining stable (68%). Respondents who had a decreased health status reported needing more physical health services (1.64 services) compared to respondents with stable health (1.07 services) and improved health (1.18 services). Respondents with a decreased health status had 1.23 higher odds (95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.40) of having an increase in one physical health service need as compared to those whose health remained stable. Increased physical health service needs were associated with a decreased health status. Adults on the autism spectrum can present with a complex array of needs and determining the role physical health services play in improving and maintaining health remains critical. Lay abstract Self-reported health can be a powerful measure of how adults with autism spectrum disorder view their overall health. The goal of this study was to determine how health statuses of adults with autism spectrum disorder change, when they are currently receiving or need more physical health services. The Pennsylvania autism needs assessment included a survey of individuals with autism aged 18 years or older responding for themselves. They indicated whether their health status changed over the previous year as improved, decreased, or remained stable. We found that most adults with autism spectrum disorder had their health remain the same (68%). We also found that adults who said their health got worse needed more physical health services, compared to those whose health remained stable, or got better. Supporting the health of adults with autism can be complex and finding out more about how physical health services play a role in that care is important.