Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioactive metal oxide nanoparticles from some common fruit wastes and Euphorbia condylocarpa plant

Abstract For the first time, the potential of orange and banana peels as fruit wastes was evaluated in contrast with Euphorbia condylocarpa as a widely distributed medicinal plant of Kurdistan, Iran, for biosynthesis of Fe3O4, CuO, ZnO, and TiO2 NPs. The extracts of the green sources were assessed to monitor the bioreducing phytochemicals inside them using the UV‐Vis spectrophotometer. Moreover, the obtained green nanoparticles were identified using the micrograph and diffractogram techniques to show their size, shape, and morphology. Also, the antibacterial activities of the green NPs were investigated against common pathogenic bacteria of Pseudomonas aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
InSAR Evidence Indicates a Link Between Fluid Injection for Salt Mining and the 2019 Changning (China) Earthquake Sequence

In June 2019, an earthquake sequence comprising five M > 5 events occurred in a region of southwest China with fluid injection for both hydraulic fracturing and salt mining, which raised an extensive controversy on the cause. Here we use interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations to determine the source parameters of the sequence and to investigate the relationship with local injection activities. Both Sentinel‐1 and Advanced Land Observing Satellite 2 SAR images are collected to measure coseismic and preseismic surface deformation. Geodetic inversions with coseismic observations show that the sequence ruptured a previously unmapped southwest‐dipping thrust fault above 3 km depth, which intersects with the open‐hole sections of wells for solution mining of salt. In the 4 months before the sequence, cumulative line‐of‐sight displacements near the wells are around 1–2 cm after correcting seasonal‐like deformation. Our results indicate that water injection likely enhanced pore pressure within the fault zone and thus contributed to inducing the sequence.
Investigation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP-3) Polymorphism in Anatolian Black and Holstein Friesian Cattle Breeds

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) gene is a structural gene which is associated with development and growth in livestock. The present study aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of IGFBP-3 gene in Holstein Friesian (HF) and Anatolian Black (AB) cattle breeds. BsuRI (GG↓CC) restriction enzyme was used to detect of IGFBP-3 gene polymorphism. Although Anatolian Black breed was monomorphic (AA genotype), three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were detected in Holstein Friesian breed by digestion of PCR products with BsuRI . The A and B allele frequencies were 0.57 and 0.43, respectively, in Holstein Friesian breed, while A allele frequency was 1.00 in Anatolian Black breed. AA, AB and BB genotype frequencies were 0.32, 0.50 and 0.18, respectively in the Holstein Friesian breed. All three possible genotypes were detected in Holstein Friesian breed, significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05) was observed in terms of genotype distributions.
Helicity effects on inviscid instability in Batchelor vortices

In this paper we investigate the instability properties of Batchelor vortices with a large swirl number and a fixed axial velocity deficit. In particular, it elucidates the effect of the helicity profile on the instability of the vortices as swirling wakes. In a linear stability analysis, a negative helicity profile destabilised a vortex with a large swirl number; the name given to this instability is ‘helicity instability’. Note that helicity instability is qualified for the case of axial flow with wake. In contrast, a conventional Batchelor vortex was stable at swirl numbers above a value of circulation, which is determined by the axial velocity deficit. The instability was related to a parameter $D$ proportional to the square of the inverse azimuthal vorticity thickness. Decreasing this helicity-profile parameter increased the growth property of the vortex. Such unstable features (helicity effects) were also studied in direct numerical simulations of vortices subjected to small random disturbances at Mach numbers 2.5 and 5.0. The instability based on the vorticity thickness originally grew at the outer edge of the vortex, whereas the instability waves in a conventional Batchelor vortex originate inside the vortex core. The simulation results support the results of the linear stability analysis on the helicity profile when the parameter $D$ is small. Because of the helicity instability, the nonlinear developments yielded a large fluctuation field with many small scales and high radial spreading rates. Even at the Mach number of 5.0, negative helicity exerted a much greater destabilisation effect than a zero entropy gradient. Therefore, the investigated novel effect established a reasonably powerful instability in compressible fluids, which is favourable for supersonic mixing.
Anthropological Roots of Global Legal Pluralism

Since the turn of the century, the term “legal pluralism” has seen a remarkable rise in interest. It is now widely accepted, although it was long rejected in legal studies. When legal anthropologists began to refer to “legal pluralism” in the 1970s, this marked a crucial change in anthropological thinking about law. Since then, not only have political and economic developments profoundly changed constellations of legal pluralism but also the term itself has followed a variety of trajectories and accrued multiple meanings in the process. In particular, in the trajectory of global legal pluralism, it has acquired a normative meaning that is quite distinct from its use in anthropology as a tool of analysis. This chapter discusses how the anthropological study of law and legal pluralism developed from the study of law in colonial societies toward empirical studies in postcolonial settings and in nation-states around the globe under conditions of ever-increasing global connectedness and complexity. Global legal pluralism is analyzed in relation to topics that include law and development, religion, human rights, minorities, indigeneity, and politics of global legal pluralism. At the end the chapter offers an outlook into future anthropological research on global legal pluralism. Insights were developed not only in response to sociopolitical developments but also to changing theoretical perspectives.
Ultrathin Perovskite Monocrystals Boost the Solar Cell Performance

Grains and grain boundaries play key roles in determining halide perovskite‐based optoelectronic device performance. Halide perovskite monocrystalline solids with large grains, smaller grain boundaries, and uniform surface morphology improve charge transfer and collection, suppress recombination loss, and thus are highly favorable for developing efficient solar cells. To date, strategies of synthesizing high‐quality thin monocrystals (TMCs) for solar cell applications are still limited. Here, by combining the antisolvent vapor‐assisted crystallization and space‐confinement strategies, high‐quality millimeter sized TMCs of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskites with controlled thickness from tens of nanometers to several micrometers have been fabricated. The solar cells based on these MAPbI3 TMCs show power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.1% which is significantly improved compared to their polycrystalline counterparts (PCE) of 17.3%. The MAPbI3 TMCs show large grain size, uniform surface morphology, high hole mobility (up to 142 cm2 V−1 s−1), as well as low trap (defect) densities. These properties suggest that TMCs can effectively suppress the radiative and nonradiative recombination loss, thus provide a promising way for maximizing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells.
Mechanical properties of AlSi10MnMg matrix syntactic foams filled with lightweight expanded clay particles

Compression tests measured the mechanical properties of AlSi10MnMg matrix syntactic foams filled with lightweight expanded clay particles (LECAPs). The metal matrix syntactic foams were produced by low-pressure liquid state infiltration method. Two types of LECAPs were used during production. One with ∼3 mm diameter and the other type with ∼9 mm diameter. The samples were machined and heat treated. The T6 heat treatment caused a significant increase in the properties in terms of plateau strength and absorbed energy. Also, the heat treatment caused a different failure mode in the case of the LECAP-9, which is why the absorbed energy increased by ∼50% compared to the as-cast sample.
Quantification of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Six Cultivable Fish Species from the River Owena in Nigeria and a Template for Food Safety Assessment

The Owena River Basin in Nigeria is an area of agricultural importance for the production of cocoa. To optimise crop yield, the cocoa trees require spraying with neonicotinoid insecticides (Imidacloprid, Thiacloprid Acetamiprid and Thiamethoxam). It is proposed that rainwater runoff from the treated area may pollute the Owena River and that these pesticides may thereby enter the human food chain via six species of fish (Clarias gariepinus, Clarias anguillaris, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Parachanna obscura, Oreochromis niloticus and Gymnarchus niloticus) which are cultured in the river mostly for local consumption. This work aims to establish a working method to quantify the likely levels of the insecticides in the six species of fish, firstly by undertaking a laboratory-based study employing the QuEChERS method to extract the four neonicotinoids from fish purchased in marketplace in the UK, spiked with known quantities of the pesticide and using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) as the detection method; secondly, by using these samples to optimise the detection method for very low levels of pesticides, then applying the optimised techniques to the analysis of three of each six species of fish taken from the Owena River. A significant benefit of this combined technique is that only small samples of fish are required. Success with this part of the study showed that very low concentrations of the insecticides could be detected in fish muscle. The third aim is to apply a simple quantitative risk assessment model using the data sets obtained, together with information about daily diet, human body weight and recommended safety limits of pesticides in food to illustrate how human health may be affected by the consumption of these fish. The multiple determinations of neonicotinoids in edible fishes in Nigeria are pioneer research and fill a gap in addressing the relationship between waterborne pesticides and food quality in the country. Fundamentally, this work is an exercise to demonstrate the applicability of the aforementioned instrumental method of analysis to fish muscle, which requires only a small sample size of fish; a large number of fish is not required for a proof of concept, in this case. Although not a monitoring programme for the whole Owena River Basin ecosystem per se, this work successfully demonstrates the technical feasibility of a system of chemical analysis and establishes the foundation for ecological surveys in the immediate future. Parameters involving exposures to xenobiotics in ecotoxicological modelling can now be expressed in terms of both mass and molar concentrations of a chemical in animal tissues if so desired.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AS POTENTIAL ANTI-UROLITHIATIC AGENTS

1. M. Tech Scholar, Biotechnology Department, G.B. P.I.E.T Ghurdauri, Pauri Garhwal (246194) Uttarakhand India. 2. Ph.D. Research Scholar, Biotechnology Department, G.B. P.I.E.T Ghurdauri, Pauri Garhwal (246194) Uttarakhand India. 3. Assistant Prof. Biotechnology Department, G.B. P.I.E.T Ghurdauri, Pauri Garhwal (246194) Uttarakhand India. 4. Associate Prof. Biotechnology Department, G.B. P.I.E.T Ghurdauri, Pauri Garhwal (246194) Uttarakhand India. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 15 June 2020 Final Accepted: 17 July 2020 Published: August 2020 Chemical compounds from different plant sources and plant products are referred to as ‘Phyto-constituents’. These are mainly extracted from the plants either in fresh or dried forms. These bioactive compounds are necessary mediator in the pathophysiology of kidney stones. Unlike allopathic medicine that target only one aspect, most of plant-based therapies have been shown to be effective at different stages of stone pathophysiology. A number of ethno-medicinal plants from different countries are used against urolithiasis. However, the knowledge of health-promoting plants is limited to few elderly people of villages. This review aims to highlight the current trends in research of ethnomedicinal plants possessing potential anti-urolithiatic activity. The results as presented in this review demonstrate the promising role of phyto-extracts in the management and treatment of kidney stones. The study would help investigators to identify lead chemical compounds or formulate herbal products responsible for urolithiatic activity.
Total proton flux and balancing in genome-scale models: The case for the updated model of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824

Genome-scale modeling and new strategies for constraining these models were applied in this research to find new insights into cellular metabolism and identify potential metabolic engineering strategies. A newly updated genome-scale model for Clostridium acetobutylicum, iMM864, was constructed, largely based on the previously published iRS552 model. The new model was built using a newly developed genome-scale model database, and updates were derived from new insights into clostridial metabolism. Novel methods of proton-balancing and setting flux (defined as reaction rate (mmol/g biomass/hr)) ratio constraints were applied to create simulations made with the iMM864 model approximate observed experimental results. It was determined that the following constraints must be applied to properly model C. acetobutylicum metabolism: (1) proton-balancing, (2) constraining the specific proton flux (SPF), and (3) installing proper flux ratio constraints. Simulations indicate that the metabolic shift into solventogenesis is not due to optimizing growth at different pH conditions. However, they provide evidence that C. acetobutylicum has developed strictly genetically regulated solventogenic metabolic pathways for the purpose of increasing its surrounding pH to decrease the toxic effects of high proton concentrations. Applying a ratio constraint for the P/O ratio (a measure of aerobic respiratory efficiency) to the iAF1260 genome-scale model of E. coli K12 MG1655 was explored. Relationships were found
The effect of competitive public funding on scientific output: A comparison between China and the EU

Public funding is believed to play an important role in the development of science and technology. However, whether public funding and, in particular, competitive funding from public agencies actually helps to increase scientific output (i.e. publications) remains a matter of debate. By analysing a dataset of co-publications between China and the EU and a dataset of joint project collaborations in European Framework Programs for Research and Innovation [FP7 and Horizon 2020 (H2020)], we investigate whether different public funding agencies’ competitive assets have different impact on the volume of publication output. Our results support the hypotheses that competitively funded research output varies by funding sources, so that a high level of funding does not necessarily lead to high scientific output. Our results show that FP7/H2020 funded projects do not have a positive contribution to the output of joint publications between China and the EU. Interestingly, cooperation in the form of jointly writing proposals to these EU programmes, especially when they are not granted by the European Commission, can contribute significantly to joint scientific publications in a later stage. This applies in particular to cases where funding from China is involved. Our findings highlight the key role that funding agencies play in influencing research behaviour. Our results indicate that Chinese funding triggers a high number of publications, whereas research funded by the EU does so to a much lower extent, arguably due to the EU’s strong focus on social impact and its funding schemes as tools to promote European integration.
The Effect of Self-Awareness on the Ability to Recognize Personal Motion

Objective: Point-light video representations of movements have been used in a number of investigations on the ability to recognize personal motion. The purpose of this study was to examine the abilities of athletes with specific gait training (i.e., runners) discriminating personal walking characteristics from point-light videos were compared to athletes for whom gait is not a trained aspect of the sport (i.e., swimmers), and that of a control. It was hypothesized that runners would discriminate their gait among different individuals with greater accuracy than the other two groups and that runners would also devote more attention to the lower extremities for recognition indications. Method: The participants were video-recorded walking on a treadmill and the subsequent videos were transformed into point-light videos. Participants viewed the point-light videos and made discriminations on whether the individuals shown in each of the videos were themselves or others. While viewing the videos, the eye movement activity of the participants was recorded to examine the visual scanning patterns used to view the videos. Results: Consistent with the two hypotheses, runners recognized themselves more often than the participants in the other two groups (p=0.48, η2=0.18), and visual attention to different regions of the body depended on the given group with runners allotting more attention to the lower extremities (p<0.5, ηp2=0.16). Conclusions: Overall, the findings were largely consistent with other investigations with point-light video representations of movement and suggest that experience and training lead to self-awareness that is both recognizable and accessible by a performer.
Mineração da pedra “São Thomé” em São Thomé das Letras - MG: um estudo etnográfico sobre saúde coletiva e justiça ambiental

A atividade de mineracao, incluindo a de nao-metalicos, tem uma participacao expressiva no modelo de desenvolvimento vigente. As cavas de exploracao da pedra Sao Thome abracam e se confundem com o municipio de Sao Thome das Letras, sul de Minas Gerais. Este estudo, por meio de etnografia, teve o objetivo de investigar a percepcao dos moradores do municipio em relacao aos impactos da mineracao nos âmbitos da saude coletiva e da justica ambiental, considerando a ocorrencia de silicose nos trabalhadores do setor e a proximidade das frentes de lavra e do centro urbano da cidade. O trabalho de campo, realizado entre marco e julho de 2017, se inseriu no cotidiano da comunidade e incluiu a observacao como meio de conhecer melhor a realidade vivida em Sao Thome das Letras. Nesse periodo foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas e nao-gravadas, tanto com pessoas que trabalham ou ja trabalharam na mineracao como outros membros da comunidade. Para a analise dos dados foi utilizada a metodologia de analise de relatos orais, que possibilitou o tratamento das informacoes para atender ao objetivo da pesquisa. Moradores e trabalhadores percebem que a mineracao influencia na saude da comunidade e pelos relatos colhidos, observa-se que a questao da justica ambiental e expressa nas falas. A analise tambem revela que a comunidade e refem da atividade de mineracao, no modelo predominante, fonte de dor na paisagem humana e ambiental e de sobrevivencia.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity obtained from gooseberry plantations (Physalis peruviana) in the Colombian Andean region

This research was focused on determining the relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity and soil physical -chemicals properties, in gooseberry plantations in Andean Mountains from 1500 to 2700 m.o. s.l. The spore abundance, spore morphotype and diversity index were determined and analyzed through multiple regression It was possible determine that some soil conditions affect the abundance and diversity of AMF.
Developing an Extremist Construct Schema and Measuring Ideological Engagement

Abstract The study of online communication in extremist communities can benefit from novel methods to cast new empirical light on how individuals engage with the content of these phenomena. This work categorized such content through the systematic extraction of constructs used by members of Islamic-based extremist forums. To identify constructs that could attract engagement from extremists over time, a schema was developed from four proposed dimensions of extremism: conflict, emotion, religion, and role. Analysis of engagement relied on a mixed methods approach applied to numerous discussions on 11 independent forums, where constructs were coded according to schema dimensions. A novel change point detection methodology was used to examine the lifespan of constructs and empirically measure engagement, which was estimated across forums through meta-analyses. A small proportion of constructs experienced significant engagement over time, primarily concentrated in the religion and role dimensions. Both dimensions attracted high engagement in all the forums analyzed, where role had smaller effects than religion across forums. The forum context and extremist discourse make high engagement with religion an expected outcome, but similar results produced by the role dimension were surprising and should recalibrate thinking when compared to the traditionally studied emotion and conflict dimensions in online radicalization.
Designing and implementation of a novel online adaptive control with optimization technique in hard turning

Determination of optimum cutting parameters is one of the most essential tasks in process planning of metal parts. However, to achieve the optimal machining performance, the cutting parameters have to be regulated in real time. Therefore, utilizing an intelligent-based control system, which can adjust the machining parameters in accordance with optimal criteria, is inevitable. This article presents an intelligent adaptive control with optimization methodology to optimize material removal rate and machining cost subjected to surface quality constraint in finish turning of hardened AISI D2 considering the real condition of the cutting tool. Wavelet packet transform of cutting tool vibration signals is applied to estimate tool wear. Artificial intelligence techniques (artificial neural networks, genetic programming and particle swarm optimization) are used for modeling of surface roughness and tool wear and optimization of machining process during hard turning. Confirmatory experiments indicated that the efficiency of the proposed adaptive control with optimization methodology is 25.6% higher compared to the traditional computer numerical control turning systems.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Methionine on Growth, Survival and Immune Response of Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita

Fish is a vital component of the human food supply and man’s most important source of high-quality animal protein. Global fish production stood at 158 million tonnes in 2012 and fish consumption accounts for 17% of the global population’s intake of animal protein which provides essential nutrients, vitamins and Omega-3 fatty acids, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture report released in 2014. While the global consumption of fish was 19 kg per person per year in 2012, for India it was 8 kg. The fisheries sector contributed 0.8% to India’s gross domestic product (GDP) and 4.8% of the agriculture GDP in 2012-13. The global commercial production for human use of fish and other aquatic organisms occurs in two ways: they are either captured wild by commercial fishing or they are cultivated and harvested using aquacultural and farming techniques.