Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fate map of the organizing shoot apex in Gossypium

Chimeral seedlings from a "semigametic" strain of cotton were used as the basis for a clonal analysis of events in the progressive organization of the nascent shoot apex. At the time the proembryo becomes a globular stage embryo with a distinct dermatogen, the surface of the embryo contains an eight-celled compartment for each cotyledon, a two-celled compartment for the first leaf, a one-celled compartment for the second leaf, and a three-celled compartment for the apical initials and all subsequent leaves and aerial structures. The developmental history of the first two leaves differs in a fundamental way from that of all the other leaves. THE PROBLEM CENTRAL to all of developmental biology is to understand how two daughter cells from mitotic cell division, or their respective mitotic derivatives, can come to have different phenotypes. All the cells in a mature plant are ultimately derived from a zygote. The series of mitotic divisions in embryogenesis and subsequent growth builds up a nested package of cell lineages. This assemblage of cell clones and sub-clones is the underlying organizational matrix over which developmental decisions are made. In the case of simple organisms, the clonal lineage for every cell in the mature organism can be known. Even for the 558 cells of the determinate organism, Caenrhabditis elegans, this represents a formidable task (Suls
Pyramiding two genes for leaf rust and powdery mildew resistance in common wheat

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici, and powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, are the most prevalent of all of the wheat diseases in many regions of the world including Poland. These two diseases can cause serious epidemics in Poland. The aim of presented research was pyramiding of leaf rust and powdery mildew resistance genes in a one genotype. A leaf rust resistance gene Lr41, derived from Triticum tauschii (syn. Aegilops squarrosa) and powdery mildew resistance gene, derived from Dasypyrum villosum (syn. Haynaldia villosa), were successfully transferred into the polish winter wheat variety. A line KS90WGRC10 was used as the resistance source of Lr41 for leaf rust and the 6VS/6AL translocation line Yangmai 5 was used as the resistance source of Pm21 for powdery mildew. In foreground selection several molecular markers for Lr41 (Gdm35, Barc124, Gwm261, Gwm296 and Gwm210) and Pm21 (SCAR1250, SCAR1400 and NAU/xibao) were applied. After the first backcrosses (BC1F1), background selection was conducted using a set of 5 AFLP primer combinations. In addition, for the screening of the BC1F2 and BC1F3 population, selected lines were inoculated in the greenhouse at the three-leaf stage with a natural pathogen population of P. recondita and B. graminis. The marker-assisted selection and pathology test allowed us to obtain homozygous lines carrying two resistance genes to leaf rust and powdery mildew in winter wheat.
THE INCIDENCES. MECHANISMS AND EVOLUTION OF CYTOPLASMIC SEX RATIO DISTORTERS IN ANIMALS

CONTENTS I . Introduction . 122 I1 . The criteria for establishing the existence of cytoplasmic sex ratio distorters . 123 . 124 111 . The incidences and mechanisms of cytoplasmic sex ratio distortion ( I ) The induction of parthenogenesis . 124 (2) Cytoplasmically induced feminization . (A) Crustaceans . ( a ) Amphipods . (i) Gammarus . (ii) Orchestia . (b) Isopods . (i) Armadillidium . (ii) Other isopods . ( c ) Other crustaceans . (B) Non-crustaceans . (3) Male killing: . (A) Early male killing . ( a ) Diptera . (i) Neotropical Drosophila species . (a) The nature of the causative agent (p) The mechanism and biology of SRO action (ii) Non-neotropical Drosophila species . (iii) The population genetics of SR in Drosophila . 128 . 128 . 128 . 128 . 129 . 131
THE EFFECT OF MANIPULATING POPULATION DENSITY ON THE PROBABILITY OF DEN-SHARING AMONG COMMON BRUSHTAIL POSSUMS, AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSMISSION OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS

Common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) act as a reservoir of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) in New Zealand and the simultaneous sharing of dens may result in the transmission of Tb between possums. The effect of manipulating population density on the per capita probability of simultaneous den-sharing among possums was investigated at a site near Dunedin, New Zealand. Den characteristics that could affect the probability of simultaneous sharing were also investigated, though none were found to be significant. The daily probability of a possum sharing a den was estimated to be 0.07 for possums denning within uncontrolled areas of the study area. Den-sharing was most common between female pairs, though sharing was also recorded between male–female and male–male pairs. The highest number of possums recorded sharing a single den was four. Reducing population density significantly lowered the probability of possums simultaneously sharing dens within the study area, with greater than 60% reductions estimated to eliminate simultaneous den-sharing altogether. The relationship between the contact rate arising from den-sharing and population density was convex-down, rather than convex-up, as often hypothesised for animal–animal disease contact processes. The implications of simultaneous den-sharing for the transmission and control of bovine tuberculosis in brushtail possum populations are discussed.
A Naturalistic Behavioral Intervention to Increase Interaction between Siblings with and without Autism

Research suggests that including typically developing siblings in interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be beneficial. However, studies have predominantly involved only participants with mild symptoms of ASD and have not also reported outcomes for the typically developing sibling. The purpose of this study was to address these gaps by replicating and extending an intervention package consisting of structured, interest-based play activities, adult instruction and modeling, and response to child questions. A reversal design across two sibling dyads was used to demonstrate the effects of the intervention on the social interaction behaviors of the child with ASD and typically developing sibling. Social interaction increased for both sibling dyads, results generalized for one dyad, and multiple measures indicated a high level of social validity. Recommendations for practitioners and caregivers working with children with ASD and potential areas of future research are discussed.
P-fimbriae of Escherichia coli: immuno- and protein-chemical characterization of fimbriae from two pyelonephritogenic strains

Many types of fimbriae have been described on pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. K88, K99, C F A / I and C F A / I I are fimbrial antigens on enterotoxigenic E. coli strains. The K88 antigens are found on strains causing diarrhoea in piglets [1], whereas strains with the K99 antigen cause diarrhoea in calves and lambs [2]. C F A / I and C F A / I I are colonization-factor antigens on E. coli strains that cause diarrhoea in man [4,5]. These fimbriae are encoded by plasmid genes and mediate the adherence of the enteropathogenic strains to the intestinal epithelium of their hosts [6]. P-fimbriae are found on human uropathogenic E. coli strains [7]. They probably facilitate an ascending infection of the urinary tract by binding the bacteria to the P-blood-group-specific glycosphingolipids on uroepithelial cells [8-10]. The P-fimbrial preparations from two pyelonephritogenic E. coli strains consist of several separate fimbriae which could be separated by immune precipitation [11]. Here, we give an immunoand protein-chemical characterization of these fimbriae.
Untersuchungen über die Abhängigkeit der Fettsäureproduktion im Pansen von der Rationszusammensetzung

: In three experiments with two Black-and-White dairy cows the influence of soybean oil and coconut fat as well as that of rations rich in roughage and concentrated feed on the production of fatty acids were determined with the isotope dilution method. A change in the method of sampling from the rumen in the course of the investigations resulted in distinctly different absolute production quotas, which can presumably be traced back to the disproportionate mixing in of the isotope and/or different production quotas in various regions of the rumen. The relative differences between the production quotas dependent on the rations, however were approximately the same with both sampling methods, so that they make the comparison of the rations concerning rumen fermentation possible. The production of acetic acid and the total production of fatty acids (C2--C4) correlated closely both with the intake of digestible energy and the intake of digestible organic matter. There was also a highly significant correlation o that they make the comparison of the rations concerning rumen fermentation possible. The production of acetic acid and the total production of fatty acids (C2--C4) correlated closely both with the intake of digestible energy and the intake of digestible organic matter. There was also a highly significant correlation o that they make the comparison of the rations concerning rumen fermentation possible. The production of acetic acid and the total production of fatty acids (C2--C4) correlated closely both with the intake of digestible energy and the intake of digestible organic matter. There was also a highly significant correlation between the relation of acetic and propionic acid in the rumen fluid and the quotient from acetic and propionic acid produced. In contrast to this, a significant relation between the concentration of fatty acids and the production of fatty acids could not be ascertained. Soybean oil and coconut fat brought about a slightly better utilisation of the fat-free organic matter for the production of fatty acids in the rumen. This could mainly be traced back to the increased production of propionic acid. The production of acetic acid per kg fat-free organic matter was insignificantly reduced. A reduced quota of roughage in the ration as well as the use of feed fats resulted in a decrease in the production of acetic acid and an increase in the production of propionic acid. The influence of the quota of roughage, however, was bigger than that of the use of fats. When rations rich in roughage were given, the share the energy contained in the total fatty acids has in the total of the digested energy was, on an average of both animals, slightly lower in comparison to rations rich in concentrated feed. However, the reason for this is not to be found in a lower share the energy digested in the stomachs has in the total of digested energy but in a higher amount of fermentation losses with a nutrition rich in roughage.
Boosting the Firm Transformation in Industry 5.0: Experience-Agility Innovation Model

Industry 5.0 brings collaborative and automatic environment, thus creating a new paradigm for companies in doing business. The way organizations manage resources and capability, especially in relationship with people, culture and process in creating new business models have changed. Previous studies on developing innovation based on customer experience and agility of organization focus on the concept, relationship among variables and the implication. However, in the context of industry 5.0, the study on those topics has not been revealing. Hence, this study aims to assess the concept of experience-agility innovation model to support transformation in the context of digital transformation to face Industry 5.0. The proposed model was assessed with 195 Indonesia ICT firms using SEM-PLS statistical tools. The findings demonstrate that the firm that offers compelling value proposition from customer experience while concurrently developing agility in the organization to create business model innovation could boost the transformational performance. For further researches, the study can be enhanced through expanding the model, sample, and time
Novel CLDN1 Deletion Associated with Ichthyosis, Sclerosing Cholangitis and Acquired Alopecia

Journal Compilation © 2020 Acta Dermato-Venereologica. doi: 10.2340/00015555-3522 Neonatal ichthyosis-sclerosing cholangitis syndrome (NISCH syndrome, MIM#607626) is a rare autosomal recessive syndromic ichthyosis characterized by scalp hypotrichosis, scarring alopecia, ichthyosis, and sclerosing cholangitis. It is caused by bi-allelic and loss of function mutations in the CLDN1 gene, localized on chromosome 3q27–q28, encoding for claudin-1 (1, 2). Claudin-1 is a 211-amino-acid-long integral membrane protein of tight junction strands, which in humans, is notably expressed in the liver and skin. Tight junctions represent one mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, forming continuous seals around cells and serving as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space. The syndrome was first described as NISCH syndrome and is now called ichthyosis, leukocyte vacuoles, alopecia, and sclerosing cholangitis (ILVASC).
Pollen and Macro‐Fossil Assemblages in Disturbed Urban Wetlands on South Vancouver Island Reveal Recent Invasion of Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and Guide Restoration

Paleoecological analyses and historical information were used to characterize pre‐disturbance conditions in Swan Lake wetland of suburban Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to provide a reference for restoration and management. Highly invasive reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) dominates Swan Lake wetlands and inhibits restoration. Grass pollen presumably produced by Phalaris predominates only in the top 5 cm (south site) to 35 cm (north site) of sediment cores. Below these levels assemblages are variously dominated by taxa including Salix, Alnus, Lysichiton, Cyperaceae, and Rosaceae. Pollen grains of agricultural disturbance indicators, such as plantain, liguliflorate Asteraceae, and cereals occur to depths of 35 cm. The results strongly suggest that Phalaris communities arose in historical times following agricultural disturbance and have no pre‐European equivalent. Pollen assemblages below the Phalaris zone, corroborated by historical documentary references, show diverse original wetland types. Disturbance and crop species pollen indicators may be useful indicators of intensity and depth of disturbance. Pre‐agricultural plant communities are a guide for restoration, provided that ecologically limiting factors are managed.
Patch connectivity and sand dynamics affect dispersal‐related morphology of the blue‐winged grasshopper Oedipoda caerulescens in coastal grey dunes

Abstract. 1. Anthropogenic land use leads to increasing habitat fragmentation and habitat loss for many species. Exchange of individuals between and recolonisation of habitat patches is essential for the stability and long‐term survival of populations in fragmented landscapes. Inter‐patch dispersal depends on the dispersal ability of species and on landscape structure.
Characterization and Genotyping of the Caprine κ-Casein Variants

Kappa-Casein (kappa-CN) is the milk protein that determines the size and specific function of milk micelles, and its cleavage by chymosin is responsible for milk coagulation. We have previously detected and characterized four variants of the goat kappa-CN in Spanish, French, and Italian breeds by screening the major part of the coding region in exon 4. Here we have sequenced and analyzed the full coding region of the kappa-CN gene which includes exons 3 and 4. No additional mutations were found, with exception of a single nucleotide substitution in exon 3, which had no amino acid change. However, the analysis of the association between the different mutations resulted in two new variants designated kappa-CN F and G. The novel variants are present in the Italian breeds Teramana, Girgentana, and Sarda (variant F). A protocol for rapid simultaneous genotyping of all known kappa-CN variants using the primer extension method was described, and a total of 210 animals from nine European breeds were genotyped. Alleles A and B are the most frequent variants occurring in the majority of breeds with highest prevalence of the B variant, except for the Canaria breed where the A allele is more frequent. Sequence data suggest that the F variant is the original type of caprine kappa-CN, other alleles being derived from this type following two different trunks by successive mutations.
Spring Peeper Meadow: Revegetation Practices in a Seasonal Wetland Restoration in Minnesota

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION 23:3 ■ SEPTEMBER 2005 Ecological Restoration, Vol. 23, No. 3, 2005 ISSN 1522-4740 E-ISSN 1543-4079 ©2005 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. Interest in restoring wetlands in the midcontinent of North America has increased in recent decades, in response to concerns about degraded water quality, altered hydrology, flood control, and loss of aquatic biodiversity. Since the mid-1980s, federal and state programs (for example, the Conservation Reserve Program, Wetland Reserve Program, Prairie Pothole Joint Venture, Reinvest in Minnesota) have provided incentives for landowners to voluntarily restore several thousand prairie glacial wetlands in the United States. In addition, federal and state laws now mandate that losses of existing wetlands must be avoided or mitigated. In 1995, the State of Minnesota provided initial funding for the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum (MLA) to demonstrate how wetlands could be restored so that their plant and animal communities compare favorably to similar, high-quality wetlands in the region. In particular, the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources saw the demonstration project as a way to improve mitigation practices. The Minnehaha Creek Watershed District, a local watershed management authority, offered additional funding because they also wanted wetland mitigations within their jurisdiction to succeed. The team assembled to plan and implement the restoration included Peter Olin, the director of the MLA and a landscape architect; Fred Rozumalski, a landscape ecologist/designer; and the two of us in our respective roles as horticulturist and restoration ecologist. We consulted other experts as needed regarding hydrology, soils, and seeding. The Minnesota Landscape Arboretum is situated amidst rolling farmland and orchards in Carver County, west of Minneapolis. The Arboretum undertook the restoration of the 7.5-acre (3-ha), seasonal wetland and the adjacent 7.1-acre (2.8-ha) wet prairie with the idea of using restoration management practices (reflooding and water management) typical of those used across the region. It was also decided that the project would not be limited by the availability of plants from commercial nurseries or inadequate site preparation and after care. We wanted to document the effort required to restore a site to resemble a high-quality natural wetland of similar hydrology. The site chosen offered two of the biggest challenges facing wetland restorations in the region: 1) a need to remove the existing cover of the invasive perennial, reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and 2) an opportunity to restore a shallow wetland with an extensive sedge meadow zone. We named this restoration Spring Peeper Meadow to reflect the primary goal of the project: to restore the full complement of biodiversity to a drained wetland in a fragmented landscape. We report here on the extent of the initial recovery of this restoration after seven years. Spring Peeper Meadow: Revegetation Practices in a Seasonal Wetland Restoration in Minnesota
A new bell jar/microelectrode method to measure changing oxygen fluxes in illuminated sediments with a microalgal cover1

Primary production of microalgae is usually measured by subtracting the recorded oxygen release in bell jars over lighted sediments from those over darkened sediments. We show that the oxygen uptake in illuminated sediments is higher than in dark sediments, indicating that past measurements have underestimated production and mineralization rates (for our system by a factor of 1.2–1.3). We introduce a combined bell jar/microelectrode method to measure in situ primary production, mineralization, and apparent diffusion coefficients in sediments with an active population of benthic microalgae.
Colloidal and dissolved organic carbon dynamics in undisturbed boreal forest catchments: a seasonal study of apparent molecular weight spectra

SUMMARY. 1. Colloidal and dissolved organic carbon (CDOC) was monitored in six pristine boreal rivers in Northern Quebec, Canada, using ultrafiltration to obtain apparent molecular weight spectra. 2. The concentration and proportional contribution of small (<1K) molecular weight material (potentially microbially labile) and high (0.7μm to 300 K) molecular weight material was not significantly different between streams of order 2–9. 3. The dominant component of CDOC (0.7μm to 300 K fraction) was probably derived in streams other than first order, from surface or sub-surface run-off, whereas a peak concentration in the <1 K fraction during August was probably due to autochthonous exudates. 4. The two first order streams included in this survey had very low CDOC concentrations. However, further work on twelve other first order streams showed that they had high concentrations and we consider that this is the more typical situation. The finding offered a potential explanation for the otherwise anomalous longitudinal CDOC distribution pattern throughout the study area.
Ectopic fat: The potential target for obesity management

Accumulation of fat at ectopic sites rather than mere increase in body fat can explain almost all metabolic consequences of obesity. Certain characteristics of adipocytes like increased size and ectopic accumulation make them metabolically sick. Hence 'adiposopathy' seems to be more important than just 'adiposity'. Genetic and epigenetic factors, along with intra-uterine factors determine ectopic fat accumulation. These three factors result in low subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume leading to 'spillover' of excess fat to ectopic sites; determining 'metabolic economy', by creating a 'thrifty phenotype' with calorie excess later in life resulting in 'maladaptation' and excess weight gain. This is particularly important for South Asians who have been found to have low SAT volume and possess a 'thrifty phenotype'. Obesogenic diet and lack of physical activity contribute to ectopic fat deposition by creating a positive energy balance. Increased fructose and trans-fat consumption are important determinants of obesity and ectopic fat deposition. The good news is that ectopic fat is very responsive to treatment, disappearing at a faster rate with minimal weight loss, resulting in improvement in metabolic and organ functions. Physical activity causes negative energy balance and improves 'metabolic flexibility'. Targeting 'ectopic fat' should be the highlight of obesity management today and its primordial prevention should aim at targeting maternal nutrition.