Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extradural motor cortex stimulation in Parkinson's disease

Extradural motor cortex stimulation (EMCS) is a surgical procedure proposed for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) who cannot undergo deep brain stimulation (DBS). Five PD patients with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia underwent EMCS of the left hemisphere. All fulfilled CAPSIT criteria for DBS, with the exception of age > 70 years. Patients were assessed preoperatively and 6 months after surgery on and off medications, with stimulator on, and 2 weeks later with stimulator off. Outcome measures included changes in mean medication dosage (levodopa and dopamine agonists), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS Parts II–III and Item 39), and dyskinesias (Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale [AIMS]). We found no significant mean changes following EMCS. However, there was a trend for a reduction of mean daily medication intake (−30%) and AIMS (−19%). There were 3 patients who reported reduced OFF time (UPDRS Item 39) and 4 of 5 who felt a subjective benefit in stability and gait. In our PD cohort, EMCS induced no objective benefit, although some subjective improvement was reported mostly on axial symptoms. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
MIS Quarterly Executive MIS Quarterly Executive

The role of chief information officer (CIO) is riddled with ambiguity. To better understand the role, together with the causes and consequences of the ambiguity, we conducted interviews with CIOs, CxOs, recruiters, and industry analysts. Our findings indicate that this ambiguity is rooted in the fact that there are five distinct CIO roles: Utility IT Director, Evangelist CIO, Innovator CIO, Facilitator CIO
Localization of porphyrin in mouse Harderian glands.

Lipid secreting Harderian glands in the ocular region of rodents contain a large amount of metal-free porphyrins. The localization of these porphyrins and the areas of formation of the lipidporphyrin complexes in the glandular lumina have not been clearly defined. We therefore examined the intracellular localization of porphyrin fluorescence both in tissue sections and in cultured cells of Harderian glands of 5 weeks old female ICR mice, using confocal UV-laser scanning microscopes. The fluorescence appeared in glandular cells containing lipid droplets, but not in non-glandular cells (e.g. myoepithelial or interstitial) without these droplets. Fluorescence in the cells was recognized in the cytoplasm, but there was no evidence indicating that porphyrins were restrictively stored in mitochondria. Nuclei and lipid droplets lacked fluorescence. It is thus reasonable to conclude that porphyrins accumulate in the cytoplasm, and that porphyrins and lipids are secreted separately from glandular cells. The lipid-porphyrin complex is therefore probably formed in the glandular lumina and not within the glandular cells.
Outage probability of wireless networks with directional antennas

In this paper, we consider wireless networks with directional antennas using slotted ALOHA medium access control. The channel model incorporates the effects of propagation loss and shadowing with Rayleigh fading. By deriving the cumulative distribution function of the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of a certain link in the network, the outage probability of the link is analyzed. In particular, the analysis works for arbitrary beam patterns of the directional antennas used in the networks. Moreover, we propose a new parameter, the array interference factor (AIF), which fully characterizes the performance of any beam pattern in a wireless network over fading channels. Using a beam pattern with smaller AIF will give a better performance than other beam patterns with larger AIF values. The analysis of this paper enables us to find the optimal mobile density and the most efficient transmission power setting for such wireless networks.
Positioning of microtubule organizing centers by cortical pushing and pulling forces

Positioning of microtubule (MT) organizing centers with respect to the confining geometry of cells depends on pushing and/or pulling forces generated by MTs that interact with the cell cortex (Dogterom et al 2005 Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 17 67–74). How, in living cells, these forces lead to proper positioning is still largely an open question. Recently, it was shown by in vitro experiments using artificial microchambers that in a square geometry, MT asters center more reliably by a combination of pulling and pushing forces than by pushing forces alone (Laan et al 2012a Cell 148 502–14). These findings were explained by a physical description of aster mechanics that includes slipping of pushing MT ends along chamber boundaries. In this paper, we extend that theoretical work by studying the influence of the shape of the confining geometry on the positioning process. We find that pushing and pulling forces can have centering or off-centering behavior in different geometries. Pushing forces center in a one-dimensional and a square geometry, but lead to off-centering in a circle if slipping is sufficiently pronounced. Pulling forces, however, do not center in a one-dimensional geometry, but improve centering in a circle and a square. In an elongated stadium geometry, positioning along the short axis depends mainly on pulling forces, while positioning along the long axis depends mainly on pushing forces. Our theoretical results suggest that different positioning strategies could be used by different cell types.
Duathlon performance unaltered by short-term changes in dietary fat and carbohydrates.

PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of short-term dietary changes on metabolism and duathlon performance. METHODS Eleven men underwent a high-fat (HF; >65% fat from energy) or a high-carbohydrate (CHO; HC) diet (>60% CHO from energy). Energy intake was individualized, and commercially available foods were prepared and packaged for each participant 48 hr before they completed a laboratory-based duathlon (5-km run, 30 km cycling, and 10-km run). Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after, and 1 and 2 hr after the duathlon for determination of glucose, insulin, and glucagon. Oxygen consumption, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and respiratory-exchange ratio were assessed, and fat and CHO oxidation were estimated before, during, and after the duathlon. RESULTS Dietary records indicated a significant difference in fat content ingested before the duathlons (p < .05). Time to complete the duathlon did not differ between the HC- and the HF-diet trials. CHO-oxidation rate was higher during the HC-diet trial than during the HF-diet trial (p = .006). Fat-oxidation rates were higher in the HF-diet trial than in the HC-diet trial (p = .001). No differences in RPE were found between dietary trials. Blood glucose concentration was higher immediately after the duathlon in the HC-diet trial than in the HF-diet trial and remained higher 1 and 2 hr after the duathlon (p < .05). CONCLUSION Duathlon performance was not altered by short-term changes in dietary fat or CHO composition despite higher blood glucose concentrations under the HC condition.
A comparison between commercially available electrode gels and purpose-made gel, in the measurement of electrodermal activity.

Despite general agreement that a standardised procedure is desirable for the measurement of electrodermal activity, several types of electrode gel are in common use. In this study, 20 volunteers listened to a series of tones while skin conductance was measured at four sites using four different gels, namely K-Y Jelly, Beckman, Neptic, and purpose-made 0.05M NaCl in methyl cellulose. Prestimulus conductance level, response amplitude, change in conductance level, response latency, and response probability were measured. Analysis of variance showed a significant between-gels effect for prestimulus conductance levels, with Beckman and Neptic giving higher levels than K-Y Jelly or 0.05M, as predicted. There were no between-gels effects for the other variables. There were no effects due to placements or channels. The results are discussed in relation to the theoretical requirements of electrode gels used for measuring electrodermal activity.
Wales sets up drop-in vaccination clinics to tackle measles outbreak

Health authorities in Wales have stepped up their drive to vaccinate more children against measles in a bid to bring the outbreak in Swansea under control. Thousands of children have been given the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine over the past two weekends in general practices and special drop-in clinics across south Wales set up by health boards to tackle the surge in cases. Vaccination teams have been sent out to begin a targeted MMR campaign in schools this week, beginning with five comprehensive schools in Swansea and Neath Port Talbot. As the BMJ went to press on Tuesday, 693 cases …
Rapid Cellular Regulation of D‐Glucose Transport in Cultured Neural Cells

Abstract: Previous studies have revealed two different kinds of regulation of glucose utilization in cell lines derived from the nervous system (Keller et al., 1981). We found glucose metabolism of C‐6 glioma cells to be limited and regulated by membrane transport. In contrast, glucose utilization of C‐1300 neuroblastoma (N2A) cells was limited by the known regulatory enzymes of the Embden‐Meyerhof pathway. Under the given experimental conditions the “membrane‐limited” C‐6 glioma cells were characterized by periodically changing glucose transport rates and very low intracellular glucose concentrations, which remained constant in spite of widely differing transport rates. These findings suggest the close functional coupling between transport and phosphorylation required for the regulation of glucose transport by cellular metabolic needs.
Hardness of Coloring 2-Colorable 12-Uniform Hypergraphs with 2log nΩ(1) Colors

We show that it is quasi-NP-hard to color 2-colorable 12-uniform hypergraphs with 2 Ω(1) colors where n is the number of vertices. Previously, Guruswami et al. [GHH14] showed that it is quasi-NPhard to color 2-colorable 8-uniform hypergraphs with 2 Ω( √ log log n) colors. Their result is obtained by composing a standard Outer PCP with an Inner PCP based on the Short Code of super-constant degree. Our result is instead obtained by composing a new Outer PCP with an Inner PCP based on the Short Code of degree two. ∗New York University, New York, USA. khot@cims.nyu. edu. Research partly supported by NSF Expeditions grant CCF0832795 and NSF Waterman Award. †IBM India Research Lab, Banglore, India. rissaket@in.ibm. com. ISSN 1433-8092 Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity, Report No. 51 (2014)
A closer look at Eclipse attacks against Tor hidden services

Tor hidden Services are used to provide anonymity service to users on the Internet without disclosing the location of the servers so as to enable freedom of speech. However, existing Tor hidden services use decentralized architecture making it easier for an adversary to launch DHT-based attacks. In this paper, we present practical Eclipse attacks on Tor hidden services that allow an adversary with an extremely low cost to block arbitrary Tor hidden services. We found that the dominant cost of this attack is IP address resources. The experimental results show that we can eclipse an arbitrary hidden service with 100% success probability with only 6 IP addresses. To understand the severity of the Eclipse attack problems on Tor's hidden services, and its security implications, we present the first formal analysis to evaluate the extent of threat such vulnerabilities may cause and quantify the costs of Eclipse attacks involved in our attack via probabilistic analysis. Theoretical analysis suggests that adversaries with a modest number of IP address resources can block a large number of hidden services at any time.
Botulinum toxin in dermatology – beyond wrinkles and sweat

© 2006 Blackwell Publishing • Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology , 5 , 168–170 169 2 DeCaprio AP. The toxicology of hydroquinone – relevance to occupational and environmental exposure. Crit Rev Toxicol 1999; 29 (3): 283–330. 3 Pifer JW, Hearne FT, Friedlander BR, McDonough JL. Mortality study of men employed at a large chemical plant, 1972 through 1982. J Occup Med 1986; 28 : 438–44. 4 Deisinger PJ, Hill TS, English JC. Human exposure to naturally occurring hydroquinone. J Toxicol Environ Health 1996; 47 (1): 31–46. 5 Wester RC, Melendres J, Hui X et al. Human in vivo and in vitro hydroquinone topical bioavailability, metabolism, and disposition. J Toxicol Environ Health 1998; 54 (4): 301–17.
Acceleration of Tendon-Bone Healing of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Using Autologous Ruptured Tissue

Background: It has been recently reported that human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptured tissue contains abundant vascular stem cells that contribute to tendon-bone healing in an immunodeficient rat model of ACL reconstruction. Hypothesis: Autologous ruptured ACL tissue has an effect on the maturation of bone-tendon integration in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty healthy adult beagle dogs underwent bilateral ACL reconstruction using the ipsilateral flexor digitorum superficialis tendon and were divided into 2 groups: right knee (a tissue-treated group) and left knee (a control group). The tissue-treated group received autologous ruptured ACL tissue, which was obtained 2 days after resection and sutured to the tibial side of the graft. Histological, radiographic, and biomechanical assessments were performed. In addition, immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Results: Histological assessment and staining for osteoblasts and endothelial cells at week 2 demonstrated early healing, inducing endochondral ossification-like integration with enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the tissue-treated group’s grafts. Computed tomography at week 4 showed a significantly smaller tibial bone tunnel in the tissue-treated group (tissue, 19.0 ± 4.4 mm2; control, 42.6 ± 4.7 mm2; P = .009, n = 5). Furthermore, biomechanical testing of force during loading to ultimate failure at week 4 demonstrated a significantly higher strength in the tissue-treated group (tissue, 66.4 ± 10.1 N; control, 30.5 ± 10.3 N; P = .009, n = 5). Conclusion: In the present study, the authors elucidated that transplantation of ACL-ruptured tissue, which was sutured to the tibial side of the graft, contributed to early tendon-bone healing in a canine model of ACL reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: Anterior cruciate ligament ruptured tissue has a therapeutic potential in promoting an appropriate environment for tendon-to-bone healing in bone tunnels of ACL reconstruction.
Clinical experience with a new specimen capturing bone marrow biopsy needle

The SNARECOIL™ needle is a specimen capturing bone marrow biopsy needle that incorporates a tiny internal capturing coil. It was developed to minimize postinsertion needle manipulation and to facilitate specimen recovery. Forty‐four patients underwent 50 bone marrow biopsy procedures with the SNARECOIL needle for a variety of hematologic indications. Second and third procedures were done for follow‐up or staging. Each procedure retrieved a specimen with an average length of 2.1 cm. Fifty‐two percent of the specimens were ⩾2.0 cm in length. The majority of specimens demonstrated intact marrow architecture enabling a pathologic diagnosis in every case. Delicate cores of nontrabeculated marrow were recovered in three cases. The SNARECOIL bone marrow biopsy needle reliably retrieves intact bone marrow core specimens for pathologic interpretation. Am. J. Hematol. 68:189–193, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigating the Management of Carious Primary Teeth in General Dental Practice: An Overview of the Development and Conduct of the Fiction Trial

The management of carious primary teeth is a challenge for patients, parents and clinicians. Most evidence supporting different management strategies originates from a specialist setting and therefore its relevance to the primary care setting is questionable. The UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) has commissioned the FiCTION (Filling Children's Teeth: Indicated Or Not? ) trial; a multi-centre primary dental care randomised controlled trial (RCT) to determine the most clinically and cost-effective approach to managing caries in the primary dentition in the UK. This large trial began in 2012, is due to be completed in late 2017 and involves 72 practices and 1,124 children initially aged three to seven years with dentine caries, following randomisation to one of three caries management strategies. Clinical, radiographic, quality of life, treatment acceptability and health economics data are collected during the three-year follow up period. This article provides an overview of the development and conduct of FiCTION and discusses some approaches adopted to manage challenges and achieve the patient recruitment target.
Evidence that insect dorsal unpaired medican (DUM) neurons are octopaminergic.

The dorsal unpaired median neuron innervating the extensor tibiae (DUMETi) of locusts and grasshoppers, as well as some other DUM neurons, cause long-term inhibition of the slow intrinsic rhythm of contraction of the muscle by releasing a neurohumoral agent. Large, (600 - 1900 A), dense-core vesicles are present in the nerve terminals. The inhibitory action is mimicked by infusioninto the leg of a minute (0.01 ml.) drop of locust saline containing a very low concentration (10(-6)M) of dopamine or noradrenaline, or an extraordinarily low concentration of octopamine (2.5 x 10(-9) M). The amplitude and frequency of the contractions slowly return to normal. Neither the cell body nor the neuron fluoresces with the Falck-Hillarp treatment, even after a period of ligature has caused an accumulation of vesicles. Octopamine does not fluoresce with this treatment. Accordingly, it is suggested that this neuron, and the other efferent DUM neurons, are octopaminergic. 23Author
Chapter 2 The Ageing Population

The process of population ageing that has been occurring in Sweden can be expected to continue during the coming decades, the population pyramid will become increasingly rectangular, and possibly even demonstrate a shrinking base. This will lead to increasing challenges in terms of financing pensions, elderly care and healthcare. These problems will continue for at least the next 30 years with no demographic solution available. Immigration is not likely to offset population ageing to any larger degree, and even dramatic increases in fertility rates would take 25–30 years to have any positive effect. Since increasing tax rates seems unlikely, the most viable solution lies in an expansion of the workforce and the resulting increase of the tax base. If we rely solely on increasing the retirement age to provide the increased hours worked, we would need to raise the minimum retirement age by roughly 5 years until 2050. While this might be possible, it is more likely that the solution lies not in this or any other single measure but in a combination thereof. However, expanding hours worked not only requires incentives but also job opportunities. Thus the policy should aim not only at expanding labour supply side but also labour demand.
A review on flood modelling and rainfall-runoff relationships

This paper presents a review on flood modeling and rainfall-runoff relationships. It was found many methods have been used by previous researches to solve the problem in flood modeling. The suitable techniques were applied based on flood modeling parameters and watershed intensity. Understanding on the rainfall-runoff relationships is one of the requirement and necessity in hydrometeorology. Thus, the studies carried out previously provide the significant result contributed to flood modeling. Reviews in this study also contain analyses and comparison between advantages and disadvantages of method used. It also reveals that the characteristics of rainfall-runoff data influence the successful of model application in flood prediction.
Ferment in LGBT Studies and Queer Theory

SUMMARY The tensions between queer and gay rights theorists, not surprisingly, have grown as queer theory has developed and matured. In this self-reflexive essay, the “contested terrain” between these distinct perspectives is explored, particularly within the discipline of communication studies. The assumptions of queer theory are summarized briefly, and the author takes an autoethnographic approach to demonstrate the constant interplay between lived experience and the basic assumptions of queer theory. The author challenges both LGBT theorists and queer theorists to always consider the implications of their theories and practices.
Cryptanalysis and enhancements of efficient three‐party password‐based key exchange scheme

In this paper, we first showed that Lou and Huang's three‐party password‐based key exchange protocol is still vulnerable to offline dictionary attacks. Thereafter, we proposed an enhanced protocol that can defeat the attack described and yet is efficient. Finally, we provided the rigorous proof of the security for it. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A French Cohort Study of Kidney Retransplantation after Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders arising after kidney transplantation portend an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Retransplantation of patients who had developed post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder remains questionable owing to the potential risks of recurrence when immunosuppression is reintroduced. Here, we investigated the feasibility of kidney retransplantation after the development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We reviewed the data from all patients who underwent kidney retransplantation after post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in all adult kidney transplantation centers in France between 1998 and 2015. RESULTS We identified a total of 52 patients with kidney transplants who underwent 55 retransplantations after post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. The delay from post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder to retransplantation was 100±44 months (28-224); 98% of patients were Epstein-Barr virus seropositive at the time of retransplantation. Induction therapy for retransplantation was used in 48 patients (i.e., 17 [31%] patients received thymoglobulin, and 31 [57%] patients received IL-2 receptor antagonists). Six patients were also treated with rituximab, and 53% of the patients received an antiviral drug. The association of calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids was the most common maintenance immunosuppression regimen. Nine patients were switched from a calcineurin inhibitor to a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor. One patient developed post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder recurrence at 24 months after retransplantation, whereas post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder did not recur in 51 patients. CONCLUSIONS The recurrence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder among patients who underwent retransplantation in France is a rare event.