Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Noise Exposure on Inhibitory Neurotransmission in the Auditory, Visual and Multisensory Cortices in Rats

It is well‐established that high‐intensity noise exposure can induce structural and physiological changes in the primary auditory cortex, such as impaired GABA neurotransmission which leads to a reduced level of GABA‐synthesizing enzymes (i.e., GAD65/67). At present, however, it remains unknown how partial hearing loss affects GABA neurotransmission in areas of the cortex that process sound as well as other sensory modalities (e.g., visual stimuli). In the present study, we are using a rat model to investigate our working hypothesis that noise‐induced hearing loss causes a differential effect on GAD67 levels in the various cortical areas capable of sound processing, such that the multisensory cortex will not show the same dramatic reduction as in the primary auditory cortex. Adult male rats were exposed to loud noise (0.8‐20 kHz at 120 dB SPL for 2h), which caused a 27 ± 9 dB elevation of their hearing threshold 14 days following the noise exposure. Using immunohistochemistry, the level of GAD67 was compared between noise‐exposed rats and age‐matched controls in multiple auditory, visual and multisensory cortical areas. Consistent with our hypothesis, preliminary findings suggest that the multisensory cortex does not experience the same degree of impaired GABA neurotransmission as the primary auditory cortex following noise‐induced hearing loss.
First search for gravitational waves from known pulsars with Advanced LIGO

We present the result of searches for gravitational waves from 200 pulsars using data from the first observing run of the Advanced LIGO detectors. We find no significant evidence for a gravitational-wave signal from any of these pulsars, but we are able to set the most constraining upper limits yet on their gravitational-wave amplitudes and ellipticities. For eight of these pulsars, our upper limits give bounds that are improvements over the indirect spin-down limit values. For another 32, we are within a factor of 10 of the spin-down limit, and it is likely that some of these will be reachable in future runs of the advanced detector. Taken as a whole, these new results improve on previous limits by more than a factor of two.
Clinical, radiographic and histological outcomes of sinus floor augmentation for delayed implant placement using autogenous fresh tooth graft

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of the freshly extracted dental particulate inmaxillary sinus grafting.Patients and Methods: This prospective study was carried on 8 patients who underwent sinusaugmentation. After atraumatic extraction, the teeth were ground and processed into a bacteria freedentin particulate, then grafted immediately into the maxillary sinus; after 6 months from the sinuslift procedure patients received 13 implants and core biopsies were collected. The primary outcomewas the change in the graft height and was assessed radiographically, the secondary outcomes werenew bone formation and implant survival rate.Results: According to the radiographic analysis, the graft showed loss of 2.4±0.6 mm after6 months. The percentage of graft height loss was 19.9 ± 4.9 %. While at 12 months, total graftheight loss was 2.65±0.7 mm. The percentage of graft loss was 22.4±4.4 %. In the histologic picture,new bone formation together with the autogenous tooth graft materials was observed. Survival rateof dental implants after 6 months from loading was 100 %. Conclusions: Autogenous demineralized dentin matrix particulate grafted immediately afterextractions is safe and successful biomaterial with excellent bone forming capacity in sinusaugmentation, it can be considered as a good alternative to bone graft in sinus lift procedure.
Desert Animals: Physiological Problems of Heat and Water

Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this adaptation to desert environment a study on the jerboa rat and man, how can you bargain with the thing that has many benefits for you?
Organization of Actin Filaments and Zonula Adherens during Somitogenesis in the Chick Embryo

The organization of F‐actin during somitogenesis in the chick embryo was studied by use of rhodamine‐conjugated phalloidin and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Separation of a somite from the segmental plate proceeded simultaneously with the organization of segmental plate cells into a hemispherical epithelial sheet whose open side was directed antero‐laterally. At the same time, intense staining of F‐actin appeared in the apical surface of the epithelial sheet. Observations by TEM showed that zonulae adherentes associated with many actin filaments increased in the apical region of cells being organized into an epithelial sheet while this junctional apparatus was only sparsely distributed in the segmental plate cells. The hemispherical sheet subsequently closed to form an epithelial vesicle, with increase in curvature of its apical surface, and narrowing of cellular apices. At the same time, the zonulae adherentes and actin filaments in the cellular apices further increased, and many cellular processes formed on the apical surface of the epithelial somites. These findings suggest that segmentation involves organization of zonulae adherentes and a contractile process caused by acin filaments anchored to the zonulae adherentes.
Folding and gating of the outer membrane porin PhoE of Escherichia coli

The cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, consists of a double membrane separated by the periplasm. Due to this architecture, the cell can maintain a microenvironment essential for cell viability. Several outer membrane proteins (OMPs), such as PhoE, are implicated in providing the cell of its nutrients. PhoE functions in the outer membrane as a trimeric pore allowing passive diffusion of preferentially anionic compounds with molecular masses up to 600 Da. OMPs are synthesized in the cytoplasm as precursor proteins with an N-terminal extension, the signal sequence. These precursors are translocated across the inner membrane via the Sec machinery, and the signal sequence is cleaved off. In this thesis we addressed the question whether periplasmic intermediates exists in the biogenesis of OMPs. PhoE is used in our laboratory as a model protein to study the biogenesis of OMPs. Artificial disulfide bonds were constructed within and between PhoE monomers, based upon the known 3D-structure. Formation of these disulfide bonds required the presence of the periplamic DsbA and DsbG proteins, respectively, which catalyze disulfide bonds in unfolded and folded structures, respectively. These findings indicated that folding of the monomer and trimer occurs at least partially in the periplsm. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that the periplamic peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase SurA functions as a chaperone in the biogenesis of PhoE since folding of a PhoE mutant lacking its proline residues still required the presence of SurA. PhoE monomers are foled as a b-barrel with 16-antiparallel b-strands. These strands are connected by short turns at the periplasmic side and long loop at the surface-exposed side of the membrane. The third loop (L3) is folded into the barrel, thereby forming a constriction at half the height of the membrane. The sequence PEFGG at the tip of L3 is highly conserved in a superfamily of bacterial porins. The L3 is involved in voltage-dependent closing of the pore. In this thesis the channel characteristics of mutant PhoE porins in which either the tip of the constriction loop was connected to the barrel wall or residues within the conserved PEFGG sequence were replaced, were determined. The experiments demonstrated that pore closings are not mediated by a gross movement of L3 within the channel, but by more subtle rearrangements, involving only parts of L3 or the side chains of the charged residues wihtin the constriction zone.
The Representation of Special Constables: Headline Findings from the National Survey

This report sets out the headline findings and key recommendations from a national survey of Special Constables, to seek their views about the representation of Specials. The survey ran from February to March 2017, and had almost 1,100 responses, including responses from every force in England and Wales. The survey is intended to inform future consultation and decisions about models for Special Constable representation. The survey was commissioned and designed under the leadership of ACC Debicki, National Police Chiefs’ Council lead for the Special Constabulary, in collaboration with the Home Office and the College of Policing. The survey was developed, managed and analysed by the Institute for Public Safety, Crime and Justice at the University of Northampton. The survey was a long and detailed survey, and there were a large volume of responses. This report of headline findings provides a summary of the key findings across the survey analysis.
Metabolic Engineering: Principles And Methodologies

The Essence of Metabolic Engineering. Review of Cellular Metabolism. Comprehensive Models for Cellular Reactions. Material Balances and Data Consistency. Regulation of Metabolic Pathways. Examples of Pathway Manipulations: Metabolic Engineering in Practice. Metabolic Pathway Synthesis. Metabolic Flux Analysis. Methods for the Experimental Determination of Metabolic Fluxes by Isotope Labeling. Applications of Metabolic Flux Analysis. Metabolic Control Analysis. Analysis of Structure of Metabolic Networks. Flux Analysis of Metabolic Networks. Thermodynamics of Cellular Processes. Glossary. Subject Index.
Photonic Kondo-like model

We introduce and study a photonic analog of the Kondo model. The model is defined as a far-detuned regime of photonic scattering off a three-level emitter in a Λ-type configuration coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide with linear dispersion. We study dynamics of this local emitter driven by a coherent field pulse as well as the first- and second-order correlation functions of a scattered light. Various polarization-dependent correlation effects and an entanglement between the emitter and transmitted photons are quantified by the purity of an emitter's state. We also show that statistical properties of the scattered light are very sensitive to a polarization of the incoming coherent pulse.
Photosynthetic performance, epiphyte biomass and nutrient content of two seagrass species in two areas with different level of nutrients along the Dar es Salaam coast

Heavy nutrient loads in coastal waters often lead to excessive growth of microalgal and macroalgal epiphytes on seagrass leaves, with varying effects on the underlying seagrasses. This study evaluates the photosynthetic performance, epiphytic biomass and tissue nutrient content of two tropical seagrasses, Cymodocea serrulata and Thalassia hemprichii, in two intertidal areas along the Dar es Salaam coast in the Indian Ocean, a nutrient-rich region at Ocean Road (near the city centre), and a nutrient-poor region at Mjimwema (south of the city centre). Epiphyte biomass was significantly higher at the nutrient-rich site, and epiphytes were associated with reduced photosynthetic performance in both seagrass species at both sites. Likewise, nitrogen and phosphorus tissue content was higher in both species at the nutrient-rich site than at the nutrient-poor site. Epiphytic species composition on the seagrass leaves varied between seagrass species and between sites. Cymodocea serrulata had a higher number of epiphytic species at Mjimwema than at Ocean Road, whereas Thalassia hemprichii had more epiphytic species at Ocean Road than at Mjimwema. Seagrass photosynthetic performance, epiphytic biomass and nutrient content of the seagrasses were shown to be affected by nutrient concentration in the water column. Thus, for the future monitoring of the seagrass meadow, we recommend the use of combined measures such as seagrass performance, epiphytic biomass, nutrient contents and nutrient concentration levels in the water column.
An hypothesis to account for the maintenance of sex within populations

Two approaches to the problem of the evol-utionary signlficance of sexual reproduct ion have been taken. The quest lon of whether or not sex faci l i tates faster evolut ion was the f i rst considered (Fisher, 1930; Mu1_ler, Ig32) and has received the most attent ion. Felsenstein (L974) and Thompson ( l -976) have presented lucid reviews of the history of ideas on this quest ion. This approach to sex is group-select ionist , as the benef l ts of sex, i f any, accrue only-over rel-at ively great spans of t ime. The second approach is dlrected to the questlon, llhy is sex retained within popul-ations? It must be remembered that sexual reproduction entalls a two-fold cost of meiosis (Maynard Smith, 1971), a recomblnat ionalload for well-adapted genotyPes, through hornogenization viith the gene pool of the popul-at lon (Lewontin, L97L; w11L1aurs, L975) as we1l as subsidiary costs, such as product ion of nectar (Sol-br i-g, L976). WiLllams (L975), especially, has championed the view that the adaptive value of sex must be sought at the level of the lndividual. In support of this, he ci tes the existence of specles in which both sexual and asexual" reproduction occur. Maynard Srnlth (1-976) points out that rates of recombinat,ion, whieh is somewhat analogous to sex, are varl-able and selectable in naturalpopulat{ons.
Tsunami Flood Simulation Investigation using NAYS-2D code in Kobe-City

The Nankai-trough earthquake has been looming at the doors of the Osaka-bay for the last half century and the probability of occurrence has risen to more than 80% in the coming 30 years. The tsunami generated by this earthquake will flood extensively several municipalities including the city of Kobe, one of the main port of the country. In the present contribution, I have simulated a tsunami rising above the 2 m maximum tsunami expected (4 m) to take into account the fact that the tsunami might occur during high-tide and that subsidence may occur, bringing the water level to a relatively higher level. The simulation was conducted by the 2D model NAYS-2D developed at the University of Hokkaido. Results show that even for a 2 m regular tsunami, the flood map underestimate the risk of tsunami flooding and that a large portion of the port area would get flooded.It also shows the influence of microtopography and coastal rivers in driving the tsunami water inland.
Identificação de variáveis de relevância no índice de contusões associadas ao transporte de gado de corte

Resumo. Este trabalho objetiva contribuir para a melhoria das condições de bem-estar animal durante o processo de transporte da propriedade para o frigorífico, bem como diminuir as perdas financeiras relacionadas às contusões desenvolvidas e ao estresse animal durante este processo. A metodologia usada busca identificar as variáveis relacionadas ao transporte de gado de corte que tenham maior impacto no índice de contusões associadas ao processo. Os dados foram coletados durante um período de quatro meses em um frigorífico da região sul do Brasil. As conclusões do trabalho apontam que existem questões sobre organização das cargas que precisam ser levadas em consideração pelas empresas de transporte.
Clearance of intracellular aggregation-prone protein fragments

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Przewodniki dla świata na rozdrożu

Zbliżenie się do etycznego działania wymaga zrozumienia jego konsekwencji opartego na solidnym oglądzie rzeczywistości. Zagadnienia kluczowe dla ludzkości i przyszłości Ziemi przynoszą jednak potworne problemy1 i wciąż bywają ignorowane, mimo iż przewyższają znaczeniem niemal wszystkie doraźnie społecznie dyskutowane kwestie. Marcin Popkiewicz w Świecie na rozdrożu dokonuje przeglądu obecnych kryzysów ekologicznych i wskazuje na leżący u ich podłoża wykładniczy wzrost gospodarki i ludzkiego oddziaływania na planetę. Publikując książkę w 2012 r. , autor uzupełnił lukę w samym centrum polskiego dyskursu polityczno-ekonomicznego. Jak wskazuje w pierwszym rozdziale, często brakuje nam szerszej perspektywy i logicznego połączenia wielu dostrzeganych procesów w spójną całość. Jest wiele obiektywnych czynników i interesów ekonomicznych blokujących poznawczą syntezę wielkich problemów gospodarczych, energetycznych i środowiskowych. Współczesny świat nieraz wybiera ignorancję, a pojedynczy człowiek, otoczony wyłącznie wytworami cywilizacji, bywa zamknięty na obiektywną rzeczywistość w informacyjnym chaosie i konsumpcyjnej presji. Nieznajomość faktów i skądinąd już rozpoznanych konsekwencji postępowania uniemożliwia nam etyczne działanie. Świat na rozdrożu może być znakomitym pierwszym przewodnikiem po systemowych wyzwaniach naszych czasów. Wiele z nich wymaga wielkich zmian ekonomicznych i społecznych w ciągu obecnych dekad − nieraz odkładanych od długiego czasu. Książka Marcina Popkiewicza prowokuje czytelnika do pogłębiania wiedzy o stanie świata i motywuje do działania.
Germination of Horse Purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) in Relation to Temperature, Storage Conditions, and Seeding Depths

Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L. # TRTPO) seeds germinated from 20 to 45 C. Maximum germination of 90% was observed at 35 C. Germination was highest between the 4th and 8th days of incubation. Horse purslane seeds did not exhibit dormancy. Freshly harvested seeds when incubated at 35 C germinated to the extent of 54 to 56%. Seed germination steadily increased up to 7 and 8 months when stored under laboratory and field conditions, respectively. Seeds stored in soil had significantly higher germination than those stored in the laboratory. Maximum seedling emergence resulted when seeds were planted at 1 cm and gradually declined with the increased seeding depth. Seeds lying on the surface gave very poor seedling emergence.
Myosin binding protein C： Structural abnormalities in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

The muscle protein myosin binding protein C (MyBPC) is a large multi-domain protein whose role in the sarcomere is complex and not yet fully understood. Mutations in MyBPC are strongly associated with the heart disease familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) and these experiments of nature have provided some insight into the intricate workings of this protein in the heart. While some regions of the MyBPC molecule have been assigned a function in the regulation of muscle contraction, the interaction of other regions with various parts of the myosin molecule and the sarcomeric proteins, actin and titin, remain obscure. In additic n, several intra-domain interactions between adjacent MyBPC molecules have been identified. Although the basic structure of the molecule (a series of immunoglobulin and fibronectin domains) has been elucidated, the assembly of MyBPC in the sarcomere is a topic for debate. By analysing the MyBPC sequence with respect to FHC-causing mutations it is possible to identify individual residues or regions of each domain that may be important either for binding or regulation. This review looks at the current literature, in concert with alignments and the structural models of MyBPC, in an attempt to understand how FHC mutations may lead to the disease state.
Higher-Order Cumulants Drive Neuronal Activity Patterns, Inducing UP-DOWN States in Neural Populations

A major challenge in neuroscience is to understand the role of the higher-order correlations structure of neuronal populations. The dichotomized Gaussian model (DG) generates spike trains by means of thresholding a multivariate Gaussian random variable. The DG inputs are Gaussian distributed, and thus have no interactions beyond the second order in their inputs; however, they can induce higher-order correlations in the outputs. We propose a combination of analytical and numerical techniques to estimate higher-order, above the second, cumulants of the firing probability distributions. Our findings show that a large amount of pairwise interactions in the inputs can induce the system into two possible regimes, one with low activity (“DOWN state”) and another one with high activity (“UP state”), and the appearance of these states is due to a combination between the third- and fourth-order cumulant. This could be part of a mechanism that would help the neural code to upgrade specific information about the stimuli, motivating us to examine the behavior of the critical fluctuations through the Binder cumulant close to the critical point. We show, using the Binder cumulant, that higher-order correlations in the outputs generate a critical neural system that portrays a second-order phase transition.
Influence of habitat on diet and distribution of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in a temperate estuary

Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) are recreationally and commercially valuable fin-fish along the Atlantic seaboard of North America including the Chesapeake Bay estuary. Habitat use patterns for striped bass in relation to biogenic habitat types in Chesapeake Bay tributaries are poorly described although it is widely acknowledged that these piscivorous fishes use estuarine habitat for nursery and feeding grounds during development. Striped bass diet and distribution patterns were examined in relation to a gradient of biogenic habitats ranging from complex three-dimensional oyster reef through flat oyster bar to sand bottom habitat in the Piankatank River, Virginia. Striped bass were more abundant at both sites with oysters and oyster shell substrate than at the site with sand substrate. Striped bass in association with the three-dimensional oyster reef were larger and consumed more teleosts (e.g., naked gobies) than fish at either of the non-reef sites. Striped bass estuarine habitat use is positively correlated with the presence of oyster reef habitat that includes physical structure and food resources via complex trophic communities centered on the oyster reef.
Influence of Birth type and Sex on the Growth performance of Dorper lambs

Nowadays, South-African Dorper sheep is reputed for its outstanding lamb production and adaptability. The Dorper ewe can breed out of season and the lambs are proven to gain well on both pasture and in feedlot as well. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth performance of suckling purebred Dorper lambs under Hungarian rearing conditions. Lamb birth weight (BW), body weight at the age of 30 (BWT (30) ) and 60 days (BWT (60) ) and average daily gain (ADG) was estimated between birth and 30 days and the age of 30 to 60 days. The average birth weight for Dorper lambs was 3.80±0.09 kg and singles were significantly (P<0.001) heavier than twins with an average 4.36±0.10 kg and 3.54±0.11 kg respectively, but sex did not affected birth weight. From the age of 30 days body weight increased till weaning (P<0.05) when male lambs reached an average 20.87±0.74 kg and female lambs 18.85±0.55 kg. Daily weight gain was affected by birth type between the age of 0-30 days. The average weaning weight was 19.87±0.47 kg and singles were 22.36±0.64 kg significantly (P<0.001) heavier than twins 18.27±0.48 kg.