Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Improving the Security of the Scalar Costa Scheme against Known Message Attack

The popular watermarking method with structured codebook is the Scalar Costa Scheme (SCS) which is highly robust but poorly secure. Known Message Attack (KMA) is a type of the security attacks which its countermeasure is more difficult than others. This paper proposes a novel scheme to increase security of SCS in KMA scenario. For this purpose, the SCS model is extended to a more general model. The security of Generalized SCS (GSCS) is analyzed using residual entropy as a security measure. Then, fundamental trade-off between security and achievable rate of GSCS is proved in KMA scenario. Based on this trade-off and the practical security attack on SCS, a new extension of SCS is proposed, called Surjective-SCS (SSCS). In comparison with SCS, SSCS clearly achieves more security and achievable rate in low Watermark to Noise Ratio (WNR) regime.
A Preliminary Study of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF-1R) in Placental Malaria

Abstract Placental malaria continues to be a major health problem, causing low birthweight and maternal anemia. This study quantified the histopathology of placental malaria by staining sections with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and investigating the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). Through immunohistochemical staining of one control and two placental malaria cases, and by examining histological slides, placental malaria parasitemia at delivery was found to be 5% and 15%, respectively. Malaria pigment deposition was remarkable. Inflammatory cell infiltration presented in one case only. IGF-1R staining in the control showed strong expression, while placental malaria presented weak expression. The result of this preliminary study shows a need for further investigations with more cases, to confirm that insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis disturbance may represent one mechanism by which placental malaria could lead to restricted fetal growth. Keywords : malaria, placenta, histopathology, IGF-1R
Treatment of Gingival Recession by a Novel Pinhole Technique- A Report of Two Cases

Background: The concept of minimal invasive technique has gained importance in the recent years and is replacing the open surgical procedures in the field of periodontology too. The treatment of gingival recession has always been technique sensitive with it's associated morbidity and discomfort because of the invasive nature. This article presents a report of two cases treated with a minimally invasive Pinhole Surgical Technique, which is a modern marvel, gradually taking over the open surgical procedures, resulting in a near overall root coverage, especially in multiple recession defects. Keywords: Pinhole technique; PRF; Recession; Root coverage;
DRUG PRESCRIBING PRACTICES IN PAEDIATRIC DEPARTMENT OF A NORTH INDIAN UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL

Background: Drug utilization studies have become a useful tool to facilitate rational use of drugs. A very few studies provides information on drug use patterns in children. Objectives: To evaluate drug utilization and associated cost of treatment in the paediatric outpatient and inpatient department of a university teaching hospital in north India. Methods: A prospective observational study approved by Institutional Review Board was carried out on 302 subjects executed for 4 months. Data were collected from clinical notes and analyzed for the various WHO/ INRUD indicators. Results: Average number of drugs per prescription was 5.6, whereas most common individual drug was found to be paracetamol (90.72%). The drugs prescribed by generic name were only 2.6 %. Overall, 81.13% of patients indicated good compliance and none of the drugs were prescribed from non registered/banned drug list given by CDSCO, Government of India. The average consultation time was found to be 7 minutes. The copy of essential medicine list and clinical guidelines with internet facility was available. 89.36 % medicine was available from the list of essential drugs. The average cost of drugs per prescription was INR 215.33. Average prescribed dose of paracetamol (PCM) and Ibuprofen was found to be 9.5 mg/kg and 9.5 mg/kg of body weight. Conclusions: Our study highlighted some rational prescribing practices including very low rate of prescription of injections, negligible use of ‘off-label’ drugs, a higher consultation time resulting in knowledge of correct doses and hence of improved compliance. Some areas of concern were high polypharmacy, higher rate of antibiotics prescribing and prescribing by brand names.
Oxytocin supplementation alleviates age-related insulin resistance through down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression

Insulin resistance has long been recognized as a characteristic of aging. Many studies reported a beneficial role of oxytocin in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of oxytocin in age-related insulin resistance in Wistar rats. Forty male rats were divided into four equal groups: young group, oxytocin-treated young group, old group and oxytocin treated old group. Oxytocin treated groups received Intraperitoneal (Ip) injection of oxytocin in a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight for 5 days. Experimental procedures included measurement of body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests. HOMA-IR index was also calculated. Assays of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C as well as serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were performed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and mRNA of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β were measured in Soleus Muscle (SM) and EF homogenates. Compared to young rats, old rats exhibited significant increase in BMI and HOMA-IR as well as an abnormal glucose tolerance test. Serum triglycerides, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased in old rats. Furthermore, the MDA and mRNA of TNF-α and IL-6 of both SM and EF homogenates were significantly higher in old rats compared to young controls. These results, however, were notably lower in oxytocin supplemented rats compared to non-treated age matched group. In conclusion, oxytocin improves age related insulin resistance by alleviating inflammation and oxidative status in insulin sensitive tissues without affecting body weight.
Nighttime lights as proxy for the spatial growth of dense urbanized areas

Nighttime lights constitute a very appealing database that can be used to measure various different aspects of the human footprint on the planet. The amount of research and the number of publications around this dataset confirm this, offering a broad spectrum of applications that involve economics, energy, society and environment. I chose to use them to study the spatial extension and the relative distribution of settlements around the Earth and their evolution over time. I analyzed the DMSP-OLS ‘stable lights’ database of the NGCD consisting in a catalog of world images of the last 19 years. I discovered that the mean center of lights is moving steadily to South-East. This reflects the extreme growth experienced by the urban centers in the developing countries, especially in Asia. I further developed a version of the Gini coefficient to compare the statistical spatial dispersion of nighttime lights, unexpectedly finding that all the countries show a very similar inequality value, quickly converging to the same coefficient by raising the lower threshold of light detection. Further, I analyzed the evolution of the lit area at a country level and in the largest urban agglomerations, finding that whereas most developing countries and cities are experiencing an incredible spatial growth in illumination, some ‘historical’ conurbations present rather constant or even decreasing emissions. This could be a signal of success of the light pollution abatement programs launched in the last years.
Determinants of the Adoption of Sustainability Assurance Statements: An International Investigation

This paper explores the factors associated with voluntary decisions to assure social, environmental and sustainability reports. Since the market for assurance services in this area is in its formative stages, there is a limited understanding of the demand for this emergent non-financial auditing practice, which is evolving rapidly across different countries. Drawing from extant literature in international auditing and environmental accounting, we focus on a set of country-level institutional factors to explain the adoption of sustainability assurance statements among an international panel of 212 Fortune Global 250 companies for the years 1999, 2002 and 2005. Consistent with our expectations, our results provide evidence that companies operating in countries that are more stakeholder oriented and have a weaker governance enforcement regime are more likely to adopt a sustainability assurance statement. Further, the demand for assurance is higher in countries where sustainable corporate practices are better enabled by market and institutional mechanisms. Our exploratory findings also indicate that the likelihood of choosing a large accounting firm as assurance provider increases for companies domiciled in countries that are shareholder oriented and have a lower level of litigation. We conclude the paper by suggesting three directions of research in the area of sustainability assurance that have relevant academic and practical implications
Utilization of subsurface food resources for zooplankton reproduction: Implications for diel vertical migration theory

The water columns of lakes and oceans provide a diverse habitat gradient in which light, temperature, food, and predation risk all change with depth. Many planktonic organisms exhibit diel vertical migrations (DVM) in response to daily oscillations in many of these variables. DVM theory often assumes that surface waters are more food-rich than deeper, subsurface layers and proceeds to try to explain why zooplankton migrate out of these beneficial surface layers during the day. Here, we test the assumption that food is best in surface waters by feeding two common crustacean zooplankton with natural epilimnetic and metalimnetic food assemblages from a eutrophic lake and examining their egg production rates. Both Diaptomus and Daphnia showed greater reproductive rates in the metalimnetic water and significant food limitation in the epilimnetic water. Mass-specific ingestion rates were approximately three times higher in the metalimnion than in the epilimnion. In spite of the poorer food in the surface waters, these two crustaceans migrated into the epilimnion at night. These observations are contrary to the assumption that food is best in the surface water, and a review of the literature suggests that food frequently is not best in surface waters. The upward migrations at night are best explained by the warmer temperatures and reduced predation risk in the surface waters at night.
Exploring starburst astrophysics with ELTs

Star formation in starbursts produces compact star clusters which extend in mass up to the super star clusters (SSCs) which resemble young globular clusters. Compact young massive star clusters (cYMCs) in turn cluster along with other young stars into starburst clumps. Using M82 as an example we briefly review how the presence of starburst clumps affects the evolution of the host galaxy. Extremely large telescopes (ELTs) will be essential for understanding how starburst clumps and their constituent star clusters evolve. In nearby systems their combination of sensitivity and angular resolution will allow us to explore the structures, kinematics, and abundances of cYMCs. For systems at cosmological distances the high surface brightnesses of the starburst clumps makes them prime gateways for exploring the early evolution of galaxies.
Understanding the Difference Between Leadership and Management

I’m a Stephen Covey guy. Leading is setting the destination on the map, where the boat needs to go. Management is operating the boat to get it there. I believe in the destination of where we are going. I can also see having gone through a positive period with USA Canoe/Kayak aft er going through a real negative one that even if I didn’t fully agree with every little part of the destination, I can defi nitely see the importance of operating the ship to go on that course and doing it the right way. I think that is a big part of the integrity of an CaSe STUDy
Stable Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov pairing states in two-dimensional and three-dimensional optical lattices

We present the study of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) pairing states in the p-orbital bands in both two- and three-dimensional optical lattices. Due to the quasi-one-dimensional band structure which arises from the unidirectional hopping of the orthogonal p orbitals, the pairing phase space is not affected by spin imbalance. Furthermore, interactions build up high-dimensional phase coherence which stabilizes the FFLO states in 2D and 3D optical lattices in a large parameter regime in the phase diagram. These FFLO phases are stable with the imposition of the inhomogeneous trapping potential. Their entropies are comparable to the normal states at finite temperatures.
An economic model for constitutional designs: from nation-states to an 'Olympic world system'

Heartened by Aaron Director’s formation of a law-and-economics cluster at the University of Chicago, this paper proposes a new cluster that shares a post nation-state, city-centered, vision for constitutional organisation. To this end, the paper introduces an economic model to illustrate the role of polycentricity in the stability and prosperity of polities. The model is inspired by Tinbergen’s gravity model of international trade, and two-dimensional lattice models used in theoretical physics. The model suggests that constitutional constructs weave an evolutionary dialectic between different organisational scales (the local, national, and global). This dialectic continues to wreak havoc at the local scale, and can be interrupted only through explicit constitutional constraints on the size of ‘jurisdictional footprints’. Polycentricity is interpreted in the spirit of (non-contiguous) charter cities, and through the scholarship of Baruch Spinoza’s constitutional orders, as exemplified by the Dutch Republic (1581-1795). This rendition of sovereignty is imperative as much for countries facing the strife of civil war (including Libya, Yemen, Syria, Iraq, and the Ukraine) as it is for maturing economies. In a globalizing world that is more and more imbued with nation-state morbidity, there is a pressing need for a city-centric, ‘Olympic world system’. A Chicago cluster bringing together scholars such as Gerald Frug, Paul Romer, Benjamin Barber, Yishai Blank, and Saskia Sassen, could see this vision come to fruition.
Se p 20 08 Proposition Algebra with Projective Limits

Sequential propositional logic deviates from ordinary propositional logic by taking into account that during the sequential evaluation of a proposition, atomic propositions may yield different Boolean values at repeated occurrences. We introduce ‘free reactive valuations’ to capture this dynamics of a proposition’s environment. The resulting logic is phrased as an equationally specified algebra rather than in the form of proof rules, and is named ‘proposition algebra’. It is strictly more general than Boolean algebra to the extent that the classical connectives fail to be expressively complete in the sequential case. Proposition algebra is developed in a fashion similar to the process algebra ACP and the program algebra PGA, via an algebraic specification which has a meaningful initial algebra for which a range of courser congruences are considered important as well. In addition infinite objects (that is propositions, processes and programs respectively) are dealt with by means of an inverse limit construction which allows the transfer of knowledge concerning finite objects to facts about infinite ones while reducing all facts about infinite objects to an infinity of facts about finite ones in return.
COMBINING DATA MINING AND GROUP DECISION MAKING IN RETAILER SEGMENTATION BASED ON LRFMP VARIABLES

Data mining is a powerful tool for firms to extract knowledge from their customers’ transaction data. One of the useful applications of data mining is segmentation. Segmentation is an effective tool for managers to make right marketing strategies for right customer segments. In this study we have segmented retailers of a hygienic manufacture. Nowadays all manufactures do understand that for staying in the competitive market, they should set up an effective relationship with their retailers. We have proposed a LRFMP (relationship Length, Recency, Frequency, Monetary, and Potential) model for retailer segmentation. Ten retailer clusters have been obtained by applying K-means algorithm with K-optimum according Davies-Bouldin index on LRFMP variables. We have analyzed obtained clusters by weighted sum of LRFMP values, which the weight of each variable calculated by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. In addition we have analyzed each cluster in order to formulate segment-specific marketing actions for retailers. The results of this research can help marketing managers to gain deep insights about retailers.
Nutrition and Prevention of Diseases Topic 20 Module 20 . 1 Nutrients in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

 To understand the basis of the physiopathology of the atherosclerotic plaque as a major lesion involved in cardiovascular diseases (CVD);  To learn about the beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cardiovascular function;  To know the main large-scale clinical studies with omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of CVD;  To understand the rationale of plant sterols and stanols in prevention of CVD;  To know about the effects of polyphenol intake on the CVD risk factors;  To know the main evidence that links the intake of some foods rich in polyphenols with a decrease in CVD risk, including cocoa/dark chocolate, resveratrol, curcumin and green tea;  To learn about the effect of lycopene consumption on CVD risk.
Study of the Influence of Safety Factors by Performing Factor Analysis

Averages of 6,000 people die every day as a result of work-related accidents or diseases, totally more than 2.2 million work-related deaths per year. About 350,000 deaths out of this mortality are from workplace accidents and more than 1.7 million are from work related diseases. An effective safety analysis requires attention to human factors as well as system components which makes risky or safe situations in technical components. Paying attention to human factors, organizations with high reliability can recognize hazards before occurrence. One of the most important methods for achievement to this purpose is using leading criteria such as safety climate or safety culture. This is an study report on the study of the influence of safety factors by performing factor analysis at an electrical industry The questionnaire survey was conducted among 60 employees, involving employees from all levels of the organisation. The data collected was subjected to principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation using SPSS software. The results reveal that four distinct factors namely management commitment, worker knowledge, environmental safeness and validation together explains 56.6% of the total variance. Internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha) across items in each of the four factors and that of the total were found to be above 0.7 and thus acceptable. The questionnaire contained 30 questions to measure the perceptions of the employees about the management practices. Descriptive statistics and correlations of the studied variables were first analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the reliability of the management practices. Regression analysis was conducted to test the goodness of fit of the various models.
Variaciones anatómicas de la muñeca y mano en imágenes

Dada la complejidad de la cirugía en la mano y la frecuente aparición de variaciones anatómicas en este territorio, que se apartan de las descripciones de los clásicos atlas o libros de texto, pretendemos mostrar en imágenes y describir distintas variaciones anatómicas de la muñeca y mano en disecciones realizadas y fotografiadas durante los últimos 10 años en la sala de disección del Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana (Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Barcelona) en 100 especímenes. Las variaciones se han clasificado según su componente anatómico: arterias, nervios, tendones y músculos. Se ha realizado una descripción breve de la variación. La intención es llamar la atención sobre la posibilidad de la existencia de variaciones anatómicas a nivel de los diferentes componentes de la mano, para así evitar posibles lesiones durante los abordajes de la muñeca y de la mano. Due to the complexity of hand surgery and the frequent appearance of anatomical variations in this area, we show it in images and describe different anatomical variations of the wrist and hand in dissections which were realized and photographed during the last 10 years in the dissection room of the Human Anatomy and Embryology Department (Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona) in 100 specimens. The variations have been classified according to its anatomical components: arteries, nerves, tendons and muscles. A brief description of the variation has been realized. The aim is to call the attention on the possibility of the existence of anatomical variations, to avoid possible injuries during the approaches of the wrist and the hand.
Concentrate Mixture, Grass Pellets, Fodder Beets, or Barley as Supplements to Silage ad libitum for High-yielding Dairy Cows on Organic Farms

In Denmark, organic feeding is typically based on homegrown feed with a high proportion of roughage. Which crop to grow and use as supplementary feed is investigated in this paper. In three experiments, barley (B) was compared with another type of supplementary feed: a concentrate mixture (C), grass pellets (G), or fodder beets (F). The concentrate mixture resulted in a higher (P=0.002) milk yield (25.9 vs. 23.7 kg), a tendency of a lower (P=0.07) fat content (4.08 vs. 4.25%), and a higher (P=0.006) ECM yield (25.7 vs. 24.1 kg) compared to feeding barley as supplement at the same energy level. Grass pellets resulted in a lower (P=0.01) milk fat content (3.74 vs. 4.07%), a tendency of a lower (P=0.12) protein content (3.14 vs. 3.23%), but no different milk or ECM yield compared to feeding barley as supplement at the same dry matter level. Fodder beet tended to decrease (P=0.12) the milk yield (20.7 vs. 22.0 kg), and the ECM yield (P=0.05) was lower (21.5 vs. 22.9 kg) whereas the composition of the milk was unaffected compared to the total mixed ration with barley.
Public health burden of non-typhoidal Salmonella strains in sub-Saharan Africa

Author’s Email: yemisirose205@yahoo.com The impact of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections on human and animal health, with the associated morbidity and mortality is a global issue of public health concern. The socioeconomic conditions in the developing countries particularly the sub-Saharan Africa seem to further aggravate the rate and seriousness of the infections. Thus the endemicity of NTS infections to sub-Saharan Africa as well as the resistance of the NTS strains to both antimicrobials and environmental stress is shown in this review. The association of Salmonella virulence plasmids with both antibiotic and stress resistance genes could play a major role in the persistence and spread of the resistance and virulence genes in Salmonella and other related pathogens. This may constitute a serious public health challenge in resource-limited rural African settings.