Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOME STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE DESIGN OF TRAWL SURVEYS FOR ROCKFISH (SCORPAENIDAE)

This study is in two parts. The first part reviews statistical theory for choosing among random, stratified random, and systematic sample survey schemes when strata are of equal size and receive equal sampling effort. The theory is applied to data eollected during a pilot trawl survey for rockfish in Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, and a full scale survey along the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California. The results indicate that on ascaleofabout 80 km, asystematicsurvey scheme provides more precise estimates than the other schemes. However, the differences in precision are slight and probably should not outweigh other factors such as logistical constraints in the design of trawl surveys. The second part of the study reviews statistical theory for sampling from negative binomial distributions. Results of the Queen Charlotte Sound pilot survey indicate that except for fish with very low densities, numerous tows of short distances are relatively more precise than fewertows of longer distances for trawl surveys for rockfish. The Fisheries Conservation and Management Act of 1976 requires the development of fishery management plans for each marine fishery under jurisdiction of the United States. The requirement emphasizes the need to assess the status of U.S. fisheries. Estimates of stock abundance are essential for fishery assessment, and trawl surveys often are used to estimate absolute or relative stock abundance where suitable data from a fishery itself are lacking. Very little data are available from the complex fisheries for rockfish (genus Sebastes) of the Pacific coast of North America. The fisheries are complex because many species and types of gear are involved. Often landing statistics do not specify species, and catches are seldom sufficiently sampled for age, length, and sex composition. Catch per effort data also are not reported by species and are difficult to interpret because of temporal changes in fishing power and target species. Because of this lack of needed data, the Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service initiated a large scale trawl survey of rockfish stocks from southern California to the Aleutian Islands. The first stage of the 4-yr survey was to conduct pilot surveys in the Monterey Bay area, Calif. , and Queen Char
Enhanced Room Temperature NO2 Sensing Performance of RGO Nanosheets by Building RGO/SnO2 Nanocomposite System

RGO/SnO2 nanocomposites were prepared by a simple blending method and then airbrushed on interdigitated electrodes to obtain the corresponding gas sensors. The characterizations of SEM, TEM, Raman, XRD and FTIR were used to characterize the microstructures, morphologies and surface chemical compositions of the nanocomposites, indicating that the two materials coexist in the composite films and the concentration of surface defects is affected by the amount of SnO2 nanoparticles. It is also found that the room temperature sensing performance of RGO to NO2 can be improved by introducing appropriate amount of SnO2 nanoparticles. The enhanced NO2 sensing properties are attributed to the rough surface structure and increased surface area and surface defects of the nanocomposite films. Since further reduction of RGO, heat treating the sensing films resulted in a decrease in the response and recovery times of the sensors. Furthermore, the sensor annealed at 200 ∘C exhibited a small baseline drift, wide detection range, good linearity, high stability and better selectivity.
Comparison of MLP NN Approach with PCA and ICA for Extraction of Hidden Regulatory Signals in Biological Networks

The biologists now face with the masses of high dimensional datasets generated from various high-throughput technologies, which are outputs of complex inter-connected biological networks at different levels driven by a number of hidden regulatory signals. So far, many computational and statistical methods such as PCA and ICA have been employed for computing low-dimensional or hidden representations of these datasets, but in most cases the results are inconsistent with underlying real network. In this paper we have employed and compared three linear (PCA and ICA) and non-linear (MLP neural network) dimensionality reduction techniques to uncover these regulatory signals, from outputs of such networks. The three approaches were verified experimentally using the absorbance spectra of a network of seven hemoglobin solutions, and the results revealed the superiority of the MLP NN to PCA and ICA. This study shows the capability of the MLP NN approach to efficiently determine the regulatory components in biological networked systems.
Utility of a next generation framework for assessment of genomic damage: A case study using the industrial chemical benzene

We recently published a next generation framework for assessing the risk of genomic damage via exposure to chemical substances. The framework entails a systematic approach with the aim to quantify risk levels for substances that induce genomic damage contributing to human adverse health outcomes. Here, we evaluated the utility of the framework for assessing the risk for industrial chemicals, using the case of benzene. Benzene is a well‐studied substance that is generally considered a genotoxic carcinogen and is known to cause leukemia. The case study limits its focus on occupational and general population health as it relates to benzene exposure. Using the framework as guidance, available data on benzene considered relevant for assessment of genetic damage were collected. Based on these data, we were able to conduct quantitative analyses for relevant data sets to estimate acceptable exposure levels and to characterize the risk of genetic damage. Key observations include the need for robust exposure assessments, the importance of information on toxicokinetic properties, and the benefits of cheminformatics. The framework points to the need for further improvement on understanding of the mechanism(s) of action involved, which would also provide support for the use of targeted tests rather than a prescribed set of assays. Overall, this case study demonstrates the utility of the next generation framework to quantitatively model human risk on the basis of genetic damage, thereby enabling a new, innovative risk assessment concept. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:94–113, 2020. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.
miR-125b-5p targeting TRAF6 relieves skeletal muscle atrophy induced by fasting or denervation.

Background Skeletal muscle atrophy, characterized by accelerated protein degradation, occurs in such conditions as unloading, immobilization, fasting, and denervation. Effective treatments for skeletal muscle atrophy are not yet available. Considering that microRNAs (miRs) may play an important role in the regulation of muscle atrophy, in the present study, we aimed to examine the effect of miR-125b-5p-based therapeutic strategies on skeletal muscle atrophy, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Fasting-induced atrophic mouse C2C12 myotubes and denervated rat tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were used as in vitro and in vivo models of skeletal muscle atrophy, respectively. The morphological parameters of skeletal muscle were measured by immunostaining-based quantification. The interaction between miR-125b-5p and TRAF6 3'-UTR was detected by luciferase reporter analysis. The mRNA and protein expressions were determined by real-time qPCR and Western blot analysis respectively. The miR mimics/agomir and miR inhibitor/antagomir were transfected into C2C12 myotubes and TA muscles respectively to alter the expression of miR-125b-5p. Results The expression of miR-125b-5p was down-regulated in both atrophic C2C12 myotubes and denervated TA muscles. The interaction between miR-125b-5p and TRAF6 3'-UTR was identified. Overexpression of miR-125b-5p protected skeletal muscle samples from atrophy in vitro and in vivo by targeting TRAF6 through inactivation of several ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)- and autophagy-lysosome system (ALS)-related proteins. Conclusions Overexpression of miR-125b-5p may provide a promising therapeutic approach to treat muscle atrophy.
High-x structure function of the virtually free neutron

The pole extrapolation method is applied to the semi-inclusive inelastic electron scattering off the deuteron with tagged spectator protons to extract the high-x structure function of the neutron. This approach is based on the extrapolation of the measured cross sections at different momenta of the spectator proton to the nonphysical pole of the bound neutron in the deuteron. The advantage of the method is in the possibility of suppression of the nuclear effects in a maximally model-independent way. The neutron structure functions obtained in this way demonstrate a surprising x dependence at x≥0.6 and 1.6≤Q2≤3.38GeV2, indicating a possible rise of the neutron-to-proton structure functions ratio. If the observed rise is valid in the true deep inelastic region then it may indicate new dynamics in the generation of high-x quarks in the nucleon. One such mechanism we discuss is the possible dominance of short-range isosinglet quark-quark correlations that can enhance the d-quark distribution in the proton.
Generating Portable High-Performance Code via Multi-Dimensional Homomorphisms

We address a key challenge in programming high-performance applications – achieving portable performance, i.e., the same source code achieves a consistent, high level of performance over the variety of modern parallel processors, including multi-core CPU and many-core Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), and over the variety of input sizes. Our approach relies on the algebraic formalism of Multi-Dimensional Homomorphisms (MDH), which enables expressing data-parallel computations uniformly via a higher-order function (a.k.a. parallel pattern). For MDHs, we develop a novel code generation approach based on a generic OpenCL implementation. Our implementation efficiently exploits the OpenCL's abstract platform and memory model, generically for arbitrary MDH functions, by incorporating a parameterized parallelization and tiling strategy – on both layers of the OpenCL's two models and in all dimensions of the multi-dimensional input. We achieve performance portability for MDHs by auto-tuning the parameters of our two strategies, thereby enabling fully automatically optimizing our code for any combination of an MDH function, target device, and input size. We demonstrate for computations from four popular domains – dense linear algebra (BLAS), stencil computations, data mining, and tensor contractions – how we express them in the MDH formalism, and we experimentally show that our automatically generated and auto-tuned code for them achieves competitive and often significantly better performance than several state-of-practice approaches on both Intel multi-core CPU and NVIDIA many-core GPU – speedups of up to 5x over the state-of-the-art performance-portable approaches, and competitive or even better performance as compared to hand-optimized approaches such as Intel MKL and NVIDIA cuBLAS on real-world input data as used in deep learning.
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: Pathophysiology and Imaging Findings.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) represents approximately 15% of all TB infections. It is difficult to diagnose on the basis of imaging characteristics and clinical symptoms, and biopsy is required in many cases. Radiologists must be aware of the imaging findings of extrapulmonary TB to identify the condition in high-risk patients, even in the absence of active pulmonary infection. In extrapulmonary TB, the lymphatic system is most frequently affected. The presence of necrotic lymph nodes and other organ-specific imaging features increases the diagnostic probability of extrapulmonary TB. Disseminated infection and central nervous system involvement are the most frequent manifestations in immunosuppressed patients. Renal disease can occur in immunocompetent patients with very long latency periods between the primary pulmonary infection and genitourinary involvement. In several cases, gastrointestinal, solid-organ, and peritoneal TB show nonspecific imaging findings. Tuberculous spondylitis is the most frequent musculoskeletal manifestation. It is usually diagnosed late and affects multiple vertebral segments with extensive paraspinal abscess. Articular disease is the second most frequent musculoskeletal manifestation, and synovitis is its predominant imaging finding. ©RSNA, 2019.
Treating networks seriously: Practical and research-based agendas in public administration

How well equipped are today's public administrators to face the challenges they confront from the involvement of businesses, not-for-profits, other units of government, and even clients in complex patterns of program operations? Not very well, if judged by the extent to which practitioners and scholars have incorporated the network concept and its implications into their own work. Discussions in the field contain little to help practicing managers cope with network settings. In fact, conventional theory may actually be counterproductive when applied inappropriately to network contexts. And yet, these arrays are now consequential and becoming increasingly so. Practitioners need to begin to incorporate the network concept into their administrative efforts. The challenge for scholars is to conduct research that illuminates this neglected aspect of contemporary administration. The author sketches a set of agendas that offer prospects for helping to address this need.
The brain and plurilingualism

Cette contribution présente les bases théoriques d’une recherche effectuée à Bruxelles sur le cerveau des enfants plurilingues. En s’inspirant surtout des travaux d’Edelman & Tononi (2001) et de leur théorie néo-darwinienne de la sélection de groupes neuronaux, les auteurs considèrent le cerveau comme un système dynamique, auto-organisé et «ouvert» qui, en même temps, est sélectif et adaptif. Deux groupes de sujets plurilingues sont distingués dans cette étude: les «précoces» et les «précoces retardés». Ils sont issus de familles plurilingues et de l’enseignement basé sur l’approche EMILE (Enseignement d’une Matière par Intégration d’une Langue Etrangère). La recherche expérimentale consiste à comparer ces deux groupes par le biais d’une méthode d’imagerie neuronale (résonance magnétique fonctionnelle) et des tests verbaux et arithmétiques.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) A tale of two insulins : Understanding basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes

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miR‐922 regulates apoptosis, migration, and invasion by targeting SOCS1 in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Studies have shown that miR‐922 facilitates the development of various diseases and tumors. However, the role of miR‐922 in GC and related molecular mechanisms are still unrevealed. Current study indicated that miR‐922 was overexpressed in GC tissues and cells. The survival rate of patients in high miR‐922 expression group is significantly lower than that in low miR‐922 expression group. In addition, overexpression of miR‐922 observably restrained the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells and promoted SGC7901 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. TargetScan predicted that suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) was a potential target of miR‐922. miR‐922 upregulation profoundly inhibited the expression of SOCS1. Furthermore, the mRNA level of SOCS1 in GC tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues, indicating that miR‐922 promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration, and inhibited apoptosis of SGC7901 cells by downregulating the level of SOCS1. In conclusion, miR‐922 may have potential for diagnosis of GC.
Epithelium segmentation and automated Gleason grading of prostate cancer via deep learning in label‐free multiphoton microscopic images

In the current clinical care practice, Gleason grading system is one of the most powerful prognostic predictors for prostate cancer (PCa). The grading system is based on the architectural pattern of cancerous epithelium in histological images. However, the standard procedure of histological examination often involves complicated tissue fixation and staining, which are time‐consuming and may delay the diagnosis and surgery. In this study, label‐free multiphoton microscopy (MPM) was used to acquire subcellular‐resolution images of unstained prostate tissues. Then, a deep learning architecture (U‐net) was introduced for epithelium segmentation of prostate tissues in MPM images. The obtained segmentation results were then merged with the original MPM images to train a classification network (AlexNet) for automated Gleason grading. The developed method achieved an overall pixel accuracy of 92.3% with a mean F1 score of 0.839 for epithelium segmentation. By merging the segmentation results with the MPM images, the accuracy of Gleason grading was improved from 72.42% to 81.13% in hold‐out test set. Our results suggest that MPM in combination with deep learning holds the potential to be used as a fast and powerful clinical tool for PCa diagnosis.
Glyph based segmentation of Chinese calligraphy characters in the " Collected Characters " stele

GLYPH BASED SEGMENTATION OF CHINESE CALLIGRAPHY CHARACTERS IN THE ”COLLECTED CHARACTERS” STELE. by David A. McInnis Spring 2018 Text character segmentation is the process of detecting the bounding box position of individual characters within a written text document image. The character segmentation problem remains extremely difficult for ancient Chinese calligraphy documents. This paper examines a glyph-based segmentation technique for segmenting Chinese Calligraphy characters in the ”Collected Characters”. The glyph-based character segmentation pipeline utilizes a combination of well-understood image processing techniques in a novel pipeline which is able to detect Chinese calligraphy characters from ink-blots with a good reliability.
Management Accounting Change in a Chinese State-owned Enterprise: An Institutional Perspective

Primarily, this research provides insight on a management accounting change in a Chinese state-owned enterprise (SOE) from institutional perspective. Comprising a qualitative field study, the research examines and explains how and why a management accounting change occurred in the SOE, which is the oldest and largest beer producer in China. The study focuses on the introduction and usage of a Balanced Scorecard (BSC), at both the headquarters and the factory level of the organization. The framework of institutionalization proposed by Burns and Scapens (2000) is utilized as the theoretical framework for this research. The major findings take the form of a comparison between the usage of the BSCs at the headquarters and at the factories. It is found that higher resistance to change occurred in the factories than at headquarters and resulted in the rules required by these management accounting practices to be only loosely coupled with routines embedded in everyday working activities, as the factories carried on brewing their beer. In contrast, behaviors at headquarters were more tightly coupled with the rules of the revised accounting practices. This diversity in the effect of the change process may be explained by the new management accounting practices entailing rules that fit better with the activities and routines carried out at headquarters, and so being more easily institutionalized. In contrast, institutionalization has not had much success in the factories primarily because of a lack of fit between complying with the new rules and maintaining the success of brewing operations, and because of historical circumstances that the factories have had some independence in operational matters, You created this PDF from an application that is not licensed to print to novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) although part of an organizational hierarchy. Given the location of this study in a Chinese setting, the findings may contribute that, despite its Western roots, institutional theory may explain the low success rate of the implementation of the BSC in China. You created this PDF from an application that is not licensed to print to novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) CONTENTS
Thymoquinone-PLGA-PVA Nanoparticles Ameliorate Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats via Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokines and iNOS Signaling

Simple Summary In this study, we evaluated the role of thymoquinone-PLGA-PVA nanoparticles (TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs) in the amelioration of lung fibrosis induced experimentally in rats. Evaluation was performed via estimation of inflammatory cytokines in addition to the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural examination of lung tissues. Results illustrated the promising ameliorative role of TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs. Abstract Pulmonary fibrosis is considered one of the most chronic interstitial illnesses which are not easily treated. thymoquinone’s (TQ) benefits are still partly problematic due to poor water solubility; therefore, it was loaded onto PLGA-PVA carriers. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of TQ-PLGA-PVA nanoparticles (TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs) on pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in albino rats. Forty male rats were randomized into four groups. The first group served as the control group; the second and the third groups received bleomycin intratracheally, whereas the third group received TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs after 4 weeks from bleomycin administration. The fourth group was administrated TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs alone. The designed nanoparticles appeared around 20 nm size (10–30 nm), had a spherical shape, and had 80% encapsulation efficiency. The histological examination of rats simultaneously treated with TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs and bleomycin revealed reduction in the thickness of the alveolar septa and improvement of the other lung structures, with the presence of lymphocytes admixed with exfoliated epithelium in a few lumina remaining. Ultrastructural findings revealed marked collagenolysis and the release of nanoparticles from ruptured pneumocytes within the alveolar septa after 14 days from TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs administration. Very active pneumocyte types II were seen in the TQ-PLGA-PVANP group. Additionally, immunohistochemical expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and estimation of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues including interleukin 10 (IL 10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) confirmed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of TQ-PLGA-PVANPs. The study concluded that TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs could attenuate the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, through the inhibition of lung inflammation and the suppression of bleomycin- induced oxidative stress.