Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Reflectance Indices to Assess Vine Water Status under Mild to Moderate Water Deficits

The monitoring of vine water status is of interest for irrigation management in order to improve water use while optimizing both berry yield and quality. Remote-sensing techniques might provide accurate, rapid, and non-destructive estimates of vine water status. The objective of this study was to test the capability of the reflectance-based water index (WI) and the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) to characterize Vitis vinifera L. cv. Xarel·lo water status under mild to moderate water deficits. The study was conducted at the leaf level in irrigated potted plants and at the plant level on five commercial rain-fed vineyards in 2009 and 2010. In potted plants, the reflectance indices PRI and WI closely tracked variation in the leaf-to-air temperature difference (ΔT) with r2 = 0.81 and r2 = 0.83, for WI and PRI, respectively (p < 0.01). In addition, in potted plants, both PRI and WI showed significant relationships with light-use efficiency (LUE)—calculated as the ratio between net CO2 assimilation rate (An) and incident photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) at the leaf surface—with r2 = 0.92 and r2 = 0.74 for PRI and WI, respectively. At the canopy level, vine predawn water potential (Ψpd) was related to the canopy-to-air temperature difference (ΔTm) across years (r2 = 0.37, p < 0.05). In the years of study, the relationships between PRI and WI showed variable degrees of correlation against Ψpd and ΔTm. Across years, PRI and WI showed significant relationships with Ψpd, with r2 = 0.41 and r2 = 0.37 (p < 0.01), for WI and PRI, respectively. Indices formulated to account for variation in canopy structure (i.e., PRInorm and WInorm) showed similar degrees of correlation against Ψpd to their original formulations. In addition, PRI and WI were capable of differentiating (p < 0.01) between mild (Ψpd > −0.4 MPa) and moderate (Ψpd < −0.4 MPa) water deficits, and a similar response was observed when PRInorm and WInorm—formulated to account for variation in canopy structure—were considered. Thus, at the leaf level, our result suggest that WI and PRI can be used to adequately predict the diurnal dynamics of stomatal aperture and transpiration. In addition, at the canopy level, PRI and WI effectively differentiated vines under mild water deficits from those experiencing moderate water deficits. Thus, our results show the capability of WI and PRI in characterizing vine water status under mild to moderate water deficits.
Impact of light during laying hen egg incubation on hatch traits, growth and behaviour

43 Introduction . 44 Materials and methods . 45 3.3. 1 Data collection . 47 3.3. 2 Behaviour analyses . 47 3.3.3 Statistical analyses . 48 Results . 48 Discussion . 51 Conclusion . 56 Tables . 57 4.0 Chapter 4: Effect of photoperiod length during incubation on hatch traits, growth, and behaviour of Leghorn chicks to 21 days of age . 68 Abstract . 69 4.2 Introduction . 70 4.3 Material and methods . 72 4.3. 1 Experiment 2a: Hatch traits . 73 4.3. 2 Experiment 2b: Pullets growth, uniformity health and behaviour . 76 4.3. 2.1 Pullets housing and management . 76 4.3. 2.2 Pullet data collection . 77 4.3.3 Statistical analyses . 78 4.4 Results . 79 4.4. 1 Experiment 2a: Hatch traits . 79 4.4.2 Experiment 2b: Pullets growth, uniformity health and behaviour . 82 4.5 Discussion . 86 4.6 Conclusion . 93 4.7 Tables . 94 5.0 Chapter 5: Overall discussion and conclusion . 115 Introduction . 116 Objectives . 117 Overall discussion and conclusion . 117 6.0 References . 121
ICT(Information & Communication technology)활용 교육의 실태 및 활용 방안/

Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1 2. 연구의 제한점 = 3 3. 용어 정리 = 3 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 4 1. ICT의 개념 = 4 2. ICT 활용 교육의 개념과 구성 = 4 3. ICT 교육의 해외 현황 = 6 4. ICT 활용 교육의 특징 = 10 5. ICT 활용 교육의 교수·학습의 설계 = 13 6. ICT 활용 교육을 위한 수업 지도 방안 = 16 7. ICT 활용 교육을 위한 교수·학습 환경 = 22
Improving Management Communication Through Job Models

Manager communication can be fraught with diverse problems. In this article the author introduces a work formula for quickly obtaining clarity and agreement by managers and employees. Once the formula is applied to the individual’s work by co-creating a job model, managers have a scaffold on which much of their communication can hang. Do you need to review an employee’s performance? Need an employee to make improvements? Need to identify the source of a performance problem? Need to introduce process changes or a new technology? A job model based on the Language of Work TM provides a foundation for all such discussions and implementation. This removes the emotions surrounding work and lets both parties communicate on specifics, not generalities. These are not traditional job descriptions, which do nothing to aid communication. Instead, job models, as conceived by the author, vastly improve worker and manager communication on several dimensions.
Implementation of an Ambulatory Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Program in Higher Risk Patients

Introduccion: La implementacion de programas de Angioplastia Ambulatoria (AA) en pacientes tratados en forma electiva surge como una estrategia factible y segura. Sin embargo, la informacion sobre la implementacion de esta en pacientes con riesgo incrementado para el alta el mismo dia del procedimiento es limitada en la actualidad e incluso surge de publicaciones que podrian no reflejar el estado actual de la angioplastia coronaria. Objetivo: Evaluar la seguridad y factibilidad de un programa de AA en pacientes programados con riesgo incrementado para alta precoz. Metodo: Estudio observacional, unicentrico que incluyo pacientes tratados con angioplastia coronaria electiva entre Enero 2009 – Marzo 2017. La presencia de riesgo incrementado para AA se definio de acuerdo al consenso del SCAI de estadia hospitalaria post angioplastia coronaria. Para evaluar la seguridad de la intervencion se comparo la cohorte de pacientes electivos comprendida entre Enero 2009 - Octubre 2015 ( cohorte pre-intervencion ) con aquellos pacientes incluidos en el programa de AA desde su inicio en Noviembre 2015 - Marzo 2017 ( cohorte intervencion ). Para evaluar la factibilidad se dividio la cohorte intervencion en dos grupos segun el tiempo de internacion: los que fueron dados de alta el mismo dia ( grupo alta precoz, GAP ) y los que continuaron su hospitalizacion hasta el dia siguiente ( grupo hospitalizacion, GH ). Resultados: Se incluyeron 3663 pacientes, de los cuales 2422 presentaban riesgo incrementado para AA en la cohorte pre-intervencion y 661 en la cohorte intervencion . La prevalencia de Muerte/IAM/ACV a los 7 dias fue similar en ambos grupos (cohorte intervencion 0.5% vs. cohorte pre-intervencion 0.5% [HR 1.04, IC95% 0.29 - 3.75], p 0.94. No se observaron diferencias en la necesidad de rehospitalizacion (cohorte intervencion 0.9% vs. cohorte pre-intervencion 1.7% [HR 0.53, IC95% 0.22 - 1.27], p 0.15). En el analisis de factibilidad, el GAP represento el 52.1% de la cohorte intervencion, con una reduccion significativa del 73% del tiempo de hospitalizacion (GH 19.4 hrs, RI 17.22 - 22.7 vs. GAP 7.27 hrs, RI 5.8 - 9.1, p < 0.0001) y un 23% en los costos. El tiempo de internacion en el GAP se incremento con la mayor carga de factores de riesgo (FR) para AA: 1 FR: 6.8 hrs, RI 5.6 - 8.1, 2 FR: 7.1 hrs, RI 5.7 - 9.02, ≥3 FR: 7.7 hrs, RI 6.4 - 11.5, p trend 0.002. En el GH las causas de observacion hasta el dia siguiente fueron: 30,4% comorbilidades, 20,3% intervenciones complejas y el 23,4% a causas sociales. Conclusion: La implementacion de nuestro programa de AA en esta poblacion se asocio a similares tasas de eventos mayores y de re-hospitalizacion que en los pacientes abordados de forma estandar. La reduccion evidenciada en los tiempos y los costos de internacion podrian impactar positivamente en la eficiencia operativa de la institucion.
Alcohol preferring P rats exhibit aversion resistant drinking of alcohol adulterated with quinine

Understanding why some people continue to drink alcohol despite negative consequences and others do not is a central problem in the study of alcohol use disorder (AUD). In this study, we used alcohol preferring P rats (a strain bred to prefer to drink alcohol, a model for genetic risk for AUD) and Wistars (control) to examine drinking despite negative consequences in the form of an aversive bitter taste stimuli produced by quinine. Animals were trained to consume 10% ethanol in a simple Pavlovian conditioning task that paired alcohol access with an auditory stimulus. When the alcohol was adulterated with quinine (0.1 g/L), P rats continued to consume alcohol+quinine at the same rate as unadulterated alcohol, despite a demonstrated aversion to quinine adulterated alcohol when given a choice between adulterated and unadulterated alcohol in the home cage. Conversely, Wistars decreased consumption of quinine adulterated alcohol in the task, but continued to try the alcohol+quinine solution at similar rates to unadulterated alcohol. These results indicate that following about 8 weeks of alcohol consumption P rats exhibit aversion resistant drinking. This model could be used in future work to explore how biological basis of alcohol consumption and genetic risk for excessive drinking lead to drinking that is resistant to devaluation.
A Biomedical Sensor Based on Resonant Absorption of Ultrasound Waves in Hydrogel-based Resonators

Smart hydrogels can be tailored to undergo a volume change in response to an analyte. The potential biocompatibility of these materials has made them a very promising material for biomedical sensing applications. To fully exploit the benefits of these materials, a fast and reliable transduction mechanism is necessary. Here we report a new sensing method based on tracking the resonance absorption of ultrasound waves inside smart hydrogel pillars. This sensing mechanism enables a cost-effective and completely passive implantable sensing component with no need for transcutaneous connections. In addition, it is possible to employ a variety of different smart hydrogels with this sensing approach.
Security Authentication for Substation Communication Message and Its Real-time Simulation

As the security specifications for IEC 61850 P2P communication protocol(real-time communication),IEC 62351-6 recommends the adoption of authentication for ensuring the safety of data transmission.To meet the requirement for the data flow and data security objectives in IEC 61850 digital substations,a method of implementing identity authentication with extended safe message through SHA-1 and DES encryption is put forward.Through the security analysis,it can meet the confidentiality,integrity and validity of the message.Further,by taking the bus fault on the unified star and the ring network in the whole D2-1 substation as an example,the OPNET network simulation and calculation are applied to the process of authentication.It is proved that the substation communication program has both good security and real-time character.
Orbitofrontal cortex promotes trial-by-trial learning of risky, but not spatial, biases

Individual choices are not made in isolation but are embedded in a series of past experiences, decisions, and outcomes. The effects of past experiences on choices, often called sequential biases, are ubiquitous in perceptual and value-based decision-making, but their neural substrates are unclear. We trained rats to choose between explicitly cued guaranteed and probabilistic rewards in a task in which outcomes on each trial were independent. Behavioral variability often reflected the effects of previous trials, including increased willingness to take risks following risky wins, and spatial “win-stay/lose-shift” biases. Electrophysiological recordings from lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) revealed strong encoding of reward history and receipt, and optogenetic inhibition of lOFC during choice reporting eliminated rats’ increased preference for risk on subsequent trials following risky wins, but spared other sequential effects. Our data show that different sequential biases are neurally dissociable, and that the lOFC’s role in adaptive behavior promotes learning of more abstract, task-specific biases (here, biases for the risky option), but not spatial ones. These data are consistent with proposals that the OFC represents the animal’s location in an abstract representation of task states, and highlight the lOFC’s role in learning.
Hepatotoxicity of nickel nanoparticles in rats

Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used nowadays for nanomedicine purposes, although they have been found to induce harmful effects on human health and living species in the environment. The current study investigated the impact of different doses of nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) on the rats liver. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of (0, 5, 20, 100mg/kg/BW/day) NiNPs for four weeks showed dose dependent elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA, lipid peroxidation marker), liver function enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) and bilirubin. While, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) recorded significant reduction in their activity. NiNPs were found to cause several histopathological changes and ultrastructural alterations in liver such as appearance of inflammatory infiltrated leucocytes, sinusoid dilatation, fatty changes and degeneration of hepatocytes. The present findings suggest that administration of NiNPs may induce dose dependent hepatotoxicity.
Changes in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune blood profiles, fecal microbial and fecal gas emission of growing pigs in response to zinc aspartic acid chelate

Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc aspartic acid chelate (Zn-ASP) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. Methods A total of 160 crossbred ([Landrace×Yorkshire]×Duroc) growing pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 25.56±2.22 kg were used in a 6-wk trial. Pigs were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 treatments according to their sex and BW (8 replicates with 2 gilts and 3 barrows per replication pen). Treatments were as follows: i) CON, basal diet, ii) TRT1, CON+0.1% Zn-ASP, iii) TRT2, CON+0.2% Zn-ASP, and iv) TRT3, CON+0.3% Zn-ASP. Pens were assigned in a randomized complete block design to compensate for known position effects in the experimental facility. Results In the current study, BW, average daily gain, and gain:feed ratio showed significant improvement as dietary Zn-ASP increased (p<0.05) in growing pigs. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter was increased linearly (p<0.05) in pigs fed with Zn-ASP diets. A linear effect (p<0.05) was detected for the Zn concentration in blood with the increasing levels of Zn-ASP supplementation. Lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria were affected linearly (p<0.05) in pigs fed with Zn-ASP diets. However, no significant differences were observed in the ATTD of nitrogen, energy and Zn. And dietary Zn-ASP supplementation did not affect fecal ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and total mercaptans emissions in growing pigs. Conclusion In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Zn-ASP of diet exerted beneficial effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal microbes in growing pigs.
Enhancing reproductive assessments of the Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris by establishing optimal time period and inhibin B baseline concentrations

The Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris occupies coastal and riverine habitats that may influence the species’ endogenous biological rhythms, including its reproductive potential. Inhibin B provides a biomarker of gonadal function and reproductive potential in humans and other eutherian mammals. This study examined the influence of size, sex, and time of year on inhibin B levels in manatees sampled among 3 habitats with varying degrees of environmental stress in Florida. Inhibin B levels in 38 males averaged (±SE) 4.90 ± 0.23 pg ml−1; the average level in 31 females was 5.63 ± 0.46 pg ml−1. Elevated patterns in inhibin B were exhibited between mid-March and mid-August corresponding to increased mating activity and testicular function, with significant differences in inhibin B levels between male and female manatees (p = 0.03) throughout the year. No significant differences in inhibin B were detected between lowand high-impacted sampling locations during winter, suggesting the potential influence of environmental stress on manatee reproduction may be best examined between mid-March and midAugust—the midpoint of the reproductively active, non-winter time period. Establishing temporal baselines for inhibin B values may be useful in assessing manatee reproductive status and potential conservation threats, shedding light on fertility potential, and enabling future assessment of the effects of stressors on reproduction in Florida manatees.
Células madre pluripotenciales en el tratamiento de la isquemia de miembros inferiores. Primer caso en Paraguay y nuestra experiencia en el Hospital de Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción

Existe un grupo de pacientes con isquemia critica de miembros inferiores, en los cuales no es posible restablecer una adecuada perfusion sanguinea por metodos quirurgicos o endovasculares y presentan una posibilidad elevada de amputacion. En las ultimas decadas se han identificado en la medula osea la existencia de celulas madre del grupo CD34+, que proliferan ante la presencia de isquemia tisular y migran a traves del torrente circulatorio hacia estas zonas, dando origen a arteriolas capilares y venulas. Este mecanismo suele verse dificultado in vivo por la oclusion de las arterias que irrigan la region afectada. En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de nuestra experiencia en dos pacientes, que fueron sometidos a la extraccion mecanica de tejido de su medula osea, que posteriormente fue filtrado e implantado a lo largo de sus miembros inferiores isquemicos, con el objeto de estimular la neoformacion de vasos sanguineos para aumentar la perfusion de sangre a estas zonas, cicatrizando sus heridas, evitando de esta manera su amputacion.
Iterative Classifier Fusion System for the Detection of Android Malware

Malicious software (malware) pose serious challenges for security of big data. The number and complexity of malware targeting Android devices have been exponentially increasing with the ever growing popularity of Android devices. To address this problem, multi-classifier fusion systems have long been used to increase the accuracy of malware detection for personal computers. However, previously developed systems are quite large and they cannot be transferred to Android platform. To this end, we propose Iterative Classifier Fusion System (ICFS), which is a system of minimum size, since it applies a smallest possible number of classifiers. The system applies classifiers iteratively in fusion with new iterative feature selection (IFS) procedure. We carry out extensive empirical study to determine the best options to be employed in ICFS and to compare the effectiveness of ICFS with several other traditional classifiers. The experiments show that the best outcomes for Android malware detection have been obtained by the ICFS procedure using LibSVM with polynomial kernel, combined with Multilayer Perceptron and NBtree classifier and applying IFS feature selection based on Wrapper Subset Evaluator with Particle Swarm Optimization.
The long pentraxin PTX3 as a functional ancestor of antibodies in the immune response to Aspergillus fumigatus

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening infection amongst immunocompromised individuals primarily caused by the opportunistic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (AF). A key role in the early immune response to AF is played by the complement system, an essential component of the humoral arm of innate immunity that includes three distinct activation pathways: classical, lectin and alternative (CP, LP and AP, respectively). Other soluble pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) are known to cooperate with complement in the handling of AF, including collectins, ficolins and pentraxins. In particular, the long pentraxin PTX3 exerts non-redundant protective roles against AF. PTX3 is a functional ancestor of antibodies: it has opsonic activity towards AF, and enhances recognition, phagocytosis and killing of fungal conidia by immune cells, mainly polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), via complement and Fc receptors (FcRs) pathways. Ptx3-null mice are highly susceptible to IA and treatment with the exogenous protein has therapeutic efficacy in several models of IA in immunocompromised hosts. Furthermore, epidemiologic evidence indicates that variation in the ptx3 gene is associated with the risk of IA in human stem cell transplant recipients and invasive mold infections in acute leukemia patients. Here, I characterized the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of PTX3 in the opsono-phagocytosis and killing of AF conidia by human and murine PMNs, both in vitro and in vivo. I found that PTX3 promotes the selective recruitment of C3b on the wall of AF conidia, by exclusively targeting the AP of complement. Factor H (major inhibitor of the AP) is required for this process, thus pointing to a novel function (activating rather inhibitory) of this complement regulator when combined with PTX3. Also, complement receptor 1 (CR1, primary receptor of C3b), recognizes the PTX3-bound C3b on AF conidia and facilitates their uptake and killing by PMNs. Therefore, I identified a novel functional axis involving factor H, C3b and CR1 that supports the pro-phagocytic and pro-killing activities of PTX3 in antifungal immunity, and opens new vistas on the crosstalk between fundamental humoral components of the innate immune system.
A Review of the Maximal Frequent Itemset Mining Algorithms over Dynamically Changed Data

Maximal frequent itemset mining is a very important method in mining frequent itemsets, which will reduce the mining meory cost and supply a better understanding of the rules generated by the frequent itemsets. In this paper, we review the maximal frequent itemset mining algorithms over a stream, which is an unlimited and dynamically changed data.
Muscle Coordination, Motor Synergies, and Primitives from Surface EMG

To investigate neural control strategies, muscle activity must be measured during motor behavior. Recent advances in the investigation of the neural control of movement have led to a re-examination of the mechanisms of sensorimotor integration in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the spinal circuitry in particular. This chapter considers different approaches used to uncover the modular organization of the motor output in human behaviors such as responding to postural perturbations, reaching with the arm, and locomotion, as well as its plasticity and flexibility in movement disorders. It also investigates the strategies that the CNS employs to coordinate the activation of many muscles start from electromyographic (EMG) signals recorded simultaneously from many muscles. Different muscle synergies models are used to decompose the EMG envelopes using appropriate factorization algorithms. The chapter further considers the spatiotemporal organization of the activity patterns of leg and trunk muscles during locomotion.
Using Static Analysis to Extract C++0x Concepts

Using Concepts to abstract domain knowledge is the basis for generic programming.Concept will be a new language feature in C++0x,which provides solid base for developing reusable and extendable generic software.To make better use of new generic programming features of C++0x,it is necessary to identify Concepts in legacy C++ programs,and refactor them to C++0x programs.This paper presents an automatic method to identify Concepts with static analysis,analyzes the usages of type parameters in legacy programs to extract valid expression constraints and associate type constraints.Concepts can be inferred by these constraints.The approach is applied to the C++ Standard Template Library to identify most of the potential Concepts in STL.The study convinces that this method is helpful to identify Concepts in legacy C++ programs.