Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C in Pregnancy - Universal Screening in the Era of Newer Antivirals

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single stranded RNA virus causing mild transient illness that clears spontaneously in 2025% of cases. In 50-80% of infected persons, it may persist as chronic hepatitis C that may then progress to liver cirrhosis. Approximately 10-20% of people developing cirrhosis go on to develop complications such as decompensated liver disease, portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma [1,2]. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] estimates that roughly 2.7-3.9 million people in the United States have chronic hepatitis C. Untreated chronic hepatitis C related mortality became the most common cause of infectious diseases related mortality in the USA in 2013, surpassing combined mortality due to 60 other reportable infectious diseases [3]. Though prevalence of the disease is highest among people born between 19451975, during the period between 2010-2014 the largest increase in incidence of acute hepatitis C infection was among people aged 20-29 years and 30-39 years [4]. Also during the period between 2010-2014, it has been reported that HCV antibody detection rates have increased 22% in women of childbearing age in parallel with a 14% increase in detection of HCV RNA or antibodies in children <2 years in the United States. This recent spike in incidence among younger age groups is associated especially with a history of injection drug abuse [5]. Recently approved Direct Acting Antivirals [DAA] have demonstrated a post treatment sustained virological response (SVR) of> 95% after a short treatment duration of only 8-12 weeks. Universal screening in previously unscreened women for HCV antibodies during gynecology office visits and during pregnancy may prevent underreporting of HCV infections that can occur with risk based screening strategy and give women effective treatment options. This should in turn, eliminate pediatric infections due to vertical transmission, the most common cause of chronic hepatitis C in children. Abstract
Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Experience in a Tertiary Centre in Western Australia

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Spontaneous tumour rupture (STR) is uncommon, with incidence rates around 10-15% in Asia, but below 3% in Western countries. Nonetheless, serious complications lead to high mortality rates. To our knowledge, experience of HCC rupture has not been published in Australia. We identified 9 retrospective cases of ruptured HCC from 2008 to 2017 through patient case notes, electronic laboratory system, and imaging reports. Our case series presents 8 male and 1 female patient with a mean age of 56 years, and a median 11 month follow-up period. Sixty-six percent of patients were non-cirrhotic, and 33% cirrhotic, with a median post- tumour rupture survival rate of 10 months and 12 months, respectively. Seventy-eight percent of patients presented with abdominal pain and a mean tumour size of 8cm at time of rupture. Initial management involved: trans-arterial chemoembolisation (TACE)/ trans-arterial embolisation (TAE) in 4 patients, emergency hepatic resection in 3 patients, sorafenib in 1 patient and conservative/ supportive treatment in 1 patient. Reasons for our low HCC rupture incidence at 0.3% could be due to: none of our patients experiencing rebleeding (one of the common causes of mortality); strict surveillance programmes in Australia identifying early tumours; and majority of our patients being younger and non-cirrhotic with a better underlying liver reserve at time of rupture, and therefore improved outcomes.
Plasma Kallistatin Levels in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Purpose: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a potentially lethal lower respiratory tract infection affecting children all over the world. In this study, we aimed to evaluate plasma kallistatin levels in children at the time of admission and on the fourth day of treatment to determine if this is effective in deciding whether to hospitalize patients and to assess the response to treatment in patients with CAP. Methods: This prospective case/control study was conducted between November 2015 and May 2016 at Erciyes University School of Medicine, in the Department of Paediatric Pulmonology. Fifty-three patients, who were diagnosed with CAP with clinical and radiological findings, were included in the study. The patients were divided into various subgroups such as inpatients, outpatients, those with complications, those without complications, and dead patients. The levels of kallistatin were compared between the control group and the patient group. Results: A total of 53 children with a diagnosis of CAP and 55 healthy children were enrolled in the study. The plasma kallistatin level of CAP patients at admission was significantly higher than that of the control group [1.6 (1.2-2.9) ng/mL], [0.9 (0.7-1.1) ng/mL] (P < 0.001). The patient group was divided into 3 subgroups: those with complications, those with no complications, and those who died. In patients who were hospitalized, who died, and who were in need of mechanical ventilation (MV), kallistatin levels were significantly higher than in the other patients (P = 0.027 for hospitalization; P = 0.022 for exitus; and P = 0.008 for MV) at the time of diagnosis and on the fourth day of treatment. Conclusion: A higher plasma kallistatin level was found to be significant in CAP. Patients with high kallistatin levels should be carefully monitored for hospitalization and for unwanted side effects such as MV need and death.
Cognitive effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation and high-dose cocoa flavonoids on an acutely sleep-deprived, highly educated population: a proposed single-center, phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, factorial study

Background: Highly educated students and professionals in cognitively demanding careers are often at risk of acute sleep deprivation. In the past few decades, the trend toward increasing psychostimulant abuse has elicited the need for safer alternatives to cognitive enhancement. Transcranial direct cranial stimulation (tDCS) and high dose cocoa flavonoids (HDCF) have been recently studied as promising alternatives. However, these studies had methodological differences, sometimes conflicting results, and none to date have assessed their combined effects. Objective: To determine if anodal tDCS and HDCF will improve working memory (WM) scores in acutely sleep-deprived highly educated healthy participants. Methods: We propose a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled (double-dummy), double-blind, early phase II study, in which 164 acutely sleep-deprived 21-40 year-old students or professionals in cognitively demanding fields will be randomized in a 2x2 factorial fashion to one of the following groups: anodal tDCS + HDCF, anodal tDCS + placebo CF, sham tDCS + HDCF, and sham tDCS + placebo CF. The primary outcome is a composite score of n-back and dual n-back tests following the intervention. Secondary outcomes include exploratory subgroup analyses for gender and cognitive score adjusted for time and task, psychomotor vigilance task, mental fatigue visual analogue scale, quantitative electroencephalogram, and tDCS adverse events questionnaire. Potential impact of the study: This study will allow us to assess the effects of each intervention alone on WM as well as (for the first time) identify any potential synergistic effects resulting from the combined interventions. This, in turn, may generate hypotheses for future studies on cognitive impairment due to both acute/chronic sleep deprivation and pathologic disorders.
A Moderately Intensive Functional Treatment For Severe Auditory Comprehension Deficits Associated with Aphasia

A MODERATELY INTENSIVE FUNCTIONAL TREATMENT FOR SEVERE AUDITORY COMPREHENSION DEFICITS ASSOCIATED WITH APHASIA by Meredith Kathleen Grant Introduction: Highly intensive treatments using researcher-selected stimuli have resulted in improved single word comprehension for individuals with severe, chronic, aphasia. In contrast, the present study evaluated the effects of a moderately intensive, skill specific treatment protocol utilizing personally relevant stimuli and corrective feedback on auditory comprehension and selfawareness. Method: Three participants were enrolled in a single-subject research design for nine, two-hour treatment sessions over one month. Participants received repetitive auditory stimulation through spoken word-to-picture matching tasks utilizing personalized stimuli. Results: All participants demonstrated improvements in auditory comprehension (large effect). Following corrective feedback, all participants also exhibited increases in awareness of comprehension errors via verbal or behavioral means and increased requests for repetition of stimuli. Conclusions: A moderately intensive, personally relevant protocol can improve severe, chronic, comprehension deficits while allowing for a flexible treatment schedule. The use of corrective feedback also increased awareness of errors and self-initiated use of compensatory strategies.
Natural radioactivity measurements and external dose estimation by car-borne survey in Douala city, Cameroon

A car-borne survey was carried out in Douala, the largest city in Cameroon to make a detailed distribution map of the absorbed dose rate in the city, to locate the high natural radiation areas useful later to carry out indoor radon, thoron, and thoron progeny measurements. Gamma-ray dose rates were measured using 3-in × 3-in NaI(Tl) detector. Activity concentrations of238U,232Th and40K in soil from Douala city were determined by two methods: the first, usingin situgamma spectrometry and the second, at the laboratory using a NaI(Tl) detector. A heterogeneous distribution of absorbed dose rates in air was observed on the dose rate distribution map, and varies from 29 to 86 nGy h−1with an average of 50 nGy h−1, lower than the world average value of 59 nGy h−1. The activity concentrations with NaI(Tl) detector varied from 18 to 47 Bq kg−1for238U, 21 to 54 Bq kg−1for232Th, and 10 to 410 Bq kg−1for40K with averages of 29, 38, and 202 Bq kg−1respectively, forin situmeasurements. They vary between 29–98 Bq kg−1for238U, 29–92 Bq kg−1for232Th, and 40 to 79 Bq kg−1for40K, with averages of 60, 57, and 56 Bq kg−1respectively for soil samples collected at Douala III subdivision. The highest value of the annual effective dose forin situmeasurements by car was observed at Ndogbong and was found to be 0.7 mSv y−1, higher than the world average value of 0.5 mSv y−1.
A literature review: physicaltherapy of the hip after septic arthritis

Abstract Introduction. Septic arthritis is one of the most common osteo-articular infections encountered in pediatric orthopedic pathology. Due to the difficult diagnosis and secondary complications of late diagnosis and a late-established treatment, recovery of these patients is very difficult, and long-term outcomes are not always the best. Materials and methods. We used the electronic databases and selected articles that had as main topic recovery and rehabilitation after septic hip arthritis and evaluation methods of treatment. Results. The start of physiotherapy and recovery and rehabilitation treatment after medical or surgical treatment has not yet been accurately established. Various manual handling techniques, muscle stretching exercises, and articular mobility enhancement exercises aim to improve the quality of life of patients with septic osteoarthritis. Conclusion. A good collaboration between the orthopedic surgeon and the physiotherapist will lead to a good functional result and the ultimate goal of this collaboration is a life as close to normal as possible for the patient.
The influence of the resveratrol and protein intake on the longevity and appearance

Some theories concerning ageing There are a lot of theories existing, that tries to explain why we age, as well as what and when starts this process. Among them, telomere theory is worth mentioning, in accordance to which the life of each cell is proportional to the length of chromosomal telomeres. During the mitotic division telomeres’ arms yield to gradual shortening, bringing the moment of cell apoptosis closer[1]. Next theory relates to programmed cell death, which moment is encoded in the genome of our bodies. One of the most popular theories concerning ageing is the theory regarding the impact of the excessive amount of free radicals on all elements of human body. It tells that free radicals (unstable particles with unpaired electron on the last electron shell), aiming to stabilization of energetic state, uptake necessary or give the The influence of the resveratrol and protein intake on the longevity and appearance
Executive functioning in preschoolers with specific language impairment

The pathogenesis of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is still largely beyond our understanding. In this review, a neuropsychological perspective on language impairments in SLI is taken, focusing specifically on executive functioning (EF) in preschoolers (age range: 2.6–6.1 years) with SLI. Based on the studies described in this review, it can be concluded that similar to school-aged children with SLI, preschoolers with SLI show difficulties in working memory, inhibition and shifting, as revealed by both performance based measures and behavioral ratings. It seems plausible that a complex, reciprocal relationship exists between language and EF throughout development. Future research is needed to examine if, and if yes how, language and EF interact in SLI. Broad neuropsychological assessment in which both language and EF are taken into account may contribute to early detection of SLI. This in turn can lead to early and tailored treatment of children with (suspected) SLI aimed not only at stimulating language development but also at strengthening EF.
School Health Services Project on Personal Hygiene among School Children of Age 12–15 in Underprivileged Community in Karachi

Hygiene is one of the pivotal parts of life. It is very necessary for living a healthy life style. However, hygiene is extensive term of science which indentures with promotion and protection of health, eventually, preceding the individuals’ healthy behavior. In fact, the word hygiene is derived from the Greek word “Hygieia” which means the spirit of health purity, sanitation and cleanliness [1]. Therefore, personal hygiene considered in broad category of health, such as face, hand, oral, hair, nail and feet hygiene. However, it does vary from person to person to follow these personal hygienic practices but its depend upon their family norms, culture and society etc [2]. It is observed that poor hygienic conditions and practices have increased the burden of communicable diseases among developed and under developing countries including Pakistan [1] (Figures 1-5). Most of the health related problems affecting school going children are due to the improper personal hygienic practices. Such health related problems can be controlled and prevented by promoting good personal hygiene through awareness and proper health education strategies by school teachers and administrative staff.
Mobilization of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background—Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) circulate in adult peripheral blood (PB) and contribute to neovascularization. However, little is known regarding whether EPCs and their putative precursor, CD34-positive mononuclear cells (MNCCD34+), are mobilized into PB in acute ischemic events in humans. Methods and Results—Flow cytometry revealed that circulating MNCCD34+ counts significantly increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction (n=16), peaking on day 7 after onset, whereas they were unchanged in control subjects (n=8) who had no evidence of cardiac ischemia. During culture, PB-MNCs formed multiple cell clusters, and EPC-like attaching cells with endothelial cell lineage markers (CD31, vascular endothelial cadherin, and kinase insert domain receptor) sprouted from clusters. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, more cell clusters and EPCs developed from cultured PB-MNCs obtained on day 7 than those on day 1. Plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor significantly incre.
A Comparison of Quality of Life in Adult Patients with Heart Failure in Two Medical Settings: A Heart Failure Clinic and a Physician Practice

iii Dedication . iv Acknowledgments . v Table of
Subacute subdural hematomas: Comparison of surgical methods and clinical outcomes

DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.5921 Received: 02.06. 2018 Accepted: 18.06. 2018 Published Online: 19.06. 2018 Printed: 01.11. 2018 J Clin Anal Med 2018;9(6): 521-4 Corresponding Author: Ziya Asan, Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi Kliniği, Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, 40000, Kırşehir, Türkiye. GSM: +905336502641 F. : +90 3862803917 E-Mail: ziyaasan@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0001-8468-9156 Abstract Aim: Although subacute subdural hematoma (SSDH) patients are considered to be similar to chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) patients, it was aimed to set forth the clinical follow-up and treatment differences between these groups and to compare and discuss the results of different surgical treatments that can be applied. Material and Method: Sixty-seven patients diagnosed with SSDH were retrospectively reviewed, and 57 of them treated surgically. Clinical findings and signs of progress were recorded. The patients were divided and evaluated in two groups; those who underwent surgery with burr-hole trepanation method (Group 1) and those who underwent membranectomy with craniotomy (Group 2). Outcomes were compared in 2 groups. The way how the membranectomy with the craniotomy procedure is applied has been explained. Results: In Group 1 subdural space and pneumocephalus were wider in the early postoperative period (average width: 13,2 mm; 24,6 mm). In Group 2, subdural space and pneumocephalus widths and lengths were an average of 4,6 mm and 11 mm. In Group 1, the late period re-operation rate was 17,1%, whereas, in Group 2, those rates were determined to be 9,1%. Discussion: SSDH patients show different clinical course than CSDH patients. Burr-hole trepanation method is not as efficient as the craniotomy method in surgical patients. In patients undergoing craniotomy and membranectomy, the likelihood of the remnant and pneumocephalus is lower in the postoperative period. Parenchymal expansion can be achieved in the early period with positive-end-expiration-pressure for a few seconds in the intraoperative period.
Clinical factors associated with AR-V7 detection in ARMOR3-SV, a randomized trial of galeterone (Gal) vs enzalutamide (Enz) in men with AR-V7+ metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

5005Background: Presence of the AR-V7 splice variant may predict resistance to Enz and abiraterone in men with mCRPC. Gal is an oral agent that disrupts AR signaling via AR degradation, CYP17 lyase inhibition, and AR antagonism. ARMOR3-SV was designed to test the hypothesis that in mCRPC patients with AR-V7+ CTCs, Gal could improve radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) versus Enz. Methods: In this randomized, open-label, multicenter phase 3 study (NCT02438007), men with treatment-naive mCRPC were screened for CTC-specific AR-V7 (Qiagen), and AR-V7+ men were randomized 1:1 to Gal or Enz. rPFS (by independent blinded central review) was the primary endpoint. Planned sample size was 148, with 120 rPFS events to achieve 90% power to detect a hazard ratio of ≤0.55. Results: 953 patients were screened globally for AR-V7 from Sept 2015 through study closure; 73 men (8%; 95% CI 6-10%) were AR-V7+, 250 (26%) AR-V7–, and 630 (66%) had no CTCs/AR present (unevaluable). AR-V7 detection was associated with hig.
The relationship of sensory impairments with cardiovascular disease and mortality, disability and frailty in older age: longitudinal cohort studies using the British Regional Heart Study and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Impairments in hearing and vision (sensory impairments) are common in older age and associated with increased risks of important adverse health outcomes such as chronic diseases and poor physical functioning. However the majority of previous studies are of cross-sectional design and little research has focused on older adults. The overarching aim of this thesis is therefore to prospectively investigate the influence of sensory impairments on the subsequent risks of adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality, disability and frailty. METHODS: This thesis uses data from two population-based cohorts: the British Regional Heart Study (BRHS) (3981 men aged 63-85 years) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) (2836 men and women aged ≥ 60 years). Data from the BRHS were used to examine the prospective relationships between self-reported sensory impairments and the risk of non-fatal and fatal CVD (MI or stroke) (data obtained from medical records), all-cause mortality, and self-reported disability defined as mobility limitation, activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL). ELSA data were used to examine the prospective relationship between self-reported sensory impairments and incident frailty defined as the Fried phenotype. RESULTS: In the BRHS, hearing impairment was associated with greater risks of incident CVD, in particular incident stroke, and CVD mortality. Vision impairment was not associated with incident CVD outcomes but with increased risks of all-cause mortality. Hearing impairment, but not vision impairment, was associated with increased risks of incident disability in the form of IADL. In ELSA, hearing impairment was associated with increased risks of incident frailty in individuals who were pre-frail. Vision impairment was associated with greater risks of incidence of pre-frailty and frailty in non-frail participants. The findings of this thesis emphasise the potentially important contribution of sensory impairments in older age particularly to risk of stroke, disability and frailty.