Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photoluminescent properties of (Ca,Zn)TiO3:Pr,B particles synthesized by the peroxide-based route method

(Ca1−x,Znx)TiO3:Pr, B red phosphor particles were prepared using the peroxide-based route and their photoluminescent (PL) properties were investigated by changing the sintering temperature, the concentration of the activator, the ratio of Ca to Zn, and the amount of H3BO3 flux. For the CaTiO3:Pr phosphor, a pure perovksite-type CaTiO3 phase was formed when the sintering temperature was 700°–800°C. It was found that the substitution of Zn atoms instead of Ca considerably enhanced the 614-nm red emissions. The PL intensity of (Ca1−x,Znx)TiO3:Pr phosphor was also additionally improved by adding an H3BO3 flux. Finally, the optimized phosphor Ca0.85Zn0. 15TiO3:0.001Pr,0.1B showed the highest PL intensity.
Glossary of terms used in toxicology, 2nd edition (IUPAC Recommendations 2007)

Abstract This glossary, a revision of the IUPAC "Glossary for Chemists of Terms Used in Toxicology" [Pure Appl. Chem.65, 2003 (1993)] incorporating new and redefined terms from the "Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicokinetics" [Pure Appl. Chem.76, 1033 (2004)], contains definitions and explanatory notes, if needed, for terms frequently used in the multidisciplinary field of toxicology. The glossary is compiled primarily for those scientists and others who now find themselves working in toxicology or requiring a knowledge of the subject, especially for hazard and risk assessment. Many medical terms are included because of their frequent occurrence in the toxicological literature. There are three annexes, one containing a list of abbreviations and acronyms used in toxicology, one containing a list of abbreviations and acronyms used by international bodies and by legislation relevant to toxicology and chemical safety, and one describing the classification of carcinogenicity according to the weight of evidence available.
Magnetic and pH sensitive drug delivery system through NCA chemistry for tumor targeting

For the purpose of tumor-specific drug delivery applications, a magnetic and pH dually responsive nano-carrier with a multilayer core–shell architecture was prepared from amine-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 through the surface-initiated ring opening polymerization of benzyl-L-aspartate N-carboxyanhydride, and then coated with α-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) via a pH-sensitive benzoic–imine bond. In order to control the layer thickness of poly(benzyl-L-aspartate) (PBLA), a surface passivation agent was applied to modulate the amino density of the functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 initiator. In this system, the Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles function as a superparamagnetic core used to target the drug loaded nanocarriers to the pathological site. Meanwhile, the mPEG and PBLA segments serve as a pH-sheddable hydrophilic corona and a hydrophobic middle layer used to load the drug via hydrophobic interactions. The obtained materials were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, DLS, zeta-potential, TEM, TGA and hysteresis loop analysis. Furthermore, the loading and release behavior of doxorubicin on the nanocarrier was investigated and it was shown that the drug loaded nanoparticle was relatively stable under physiological conditions and quickly released in response to acidity due to the shedding of mPEG shells through the pH-cleavage of intermediate benzoic–imine bonds. This pH and magnetic responsive nanoparticle has appeared highly promising for the targeted intracellular delivery of hydrophobic chemotherapeutics in cancer therapy.
Zeta potential study of natural‐ and acid‐activated sepiolites in electrolyte solutions

Detailed characterisation of natural sepiolite from the Eskisehir region of Turkey was performed using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, field emission scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area (BET method), Fourier transform infrared spectra, derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential thermal analysis. Electrokinetic properties of natural- and acid-activated sepiolites were investigated as a function of the concentration of various electrolytes, such as NaCl, KCl, LiCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, NaNO3, Na2CO3, FeCl3 and Al(NO3)3. While mono and divalent cations and anions did not change the surface charge of natural- and acid-activated sepiolite, trivalent cations changed the surface charge from negative to positive. Acid-activated sepiolite samples shifted towards the positive region in nearly all electrolyte solutions when compared with the natural sepiolite. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Structural Features of LiPON Glasses Determined by 1D and 2D 31P MAS NMR

The relationships between structure and electrical properties of nitrided lithium phosphate glasses (LiPON) used as electrolytes for lithium batteries are key issues for better understanding and design of these materials. For the first time, the effect of nitrogen introduction in the structure of lithium phosphorus oxynitride glasses, formulated over a wide range of composition 38–55 mol. % of Li2O, has been studied through 31P 1D/2D MAS NMR experiments. Information obtained from 2D 31P/31P correlation maps has been used to deconvolute the 1D 31P NMR spectra and allowed establishing the percentage of oxide phosphate groups (PO4) and phosphorus species with nitrogen (P(O,N)4) as well as the connectivity scheme of the phosphate network. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the lithium content affects the structural changes induced by the introduction of nitrogen. In particular, the lower the lithium content is, the lower the total percentage of nitrided P(O,N)4 species is.
Pengujian Kualitas Knowledge Management System untuk Unit Layanan Sertifikasi Algoritma

Unit of Information Technology Algorithm Certification Services Universitas Budi Luhur is one of the work units that handle algorithm ` present the knowledge in the certification service unit algorithm is slow and static, so that in dealing with a problem tends to depend only on one person who controls a particular job, plus a term that does not necessarily cause the knowledge possessed by an employee to be poorly managed and it is feared that it will disappear because the knowledge is only stored in the brain and has not been properly documented. Therefore, there needs to be an application that can manage the knowledge possessed by each employee so that it can be shared with other employees (knowledge sharing) related to algorithm certification services. In this study, the authors developed a knowledge management system model that is in accordance with the conditions of the algorithm certification service using the Tiwana model framework, the development of knowledge management system using the Becerra-Fernandez development framework, the formation of knowledge using the SECI Nonaka model, testing the system prototype using the Forum method Group Discussion (FGD) and the ISO 9126 method, and the scoring method of the system testing results using a Likert measurement scale. From the results of this analysis will be obtained a knowledge management system model and later will be developed a prototype knowledge management system.
Size-induced thermal thermodynamic hysteresis in nanopowder undergoing structural transitions–from particular case to general behaviour

We present the analysis for the description of a structural transition of Fe-nanoparticle ensemble subjected to temperature change. The existence of a size-induced hysteresis for the volume fraction of the new phase is demonstrated. It is shown that this may be thermodynamic effect existing under the limitations to realization of the ergodic hypothesis. The thermodynamic hysteresis arises from the nonsymmetry of transforming path of the nanosystem with respect to the initial conditions that is due to the dependence of the phase transformation on the mechanisms of nucleation of a new phase. Moreover, it is argued here that in nanosystems it is required to differentiate the kinetic hysteresis and ‘thermodynamic’ hysteresis in the first order phase transition.
Microbial Population and Degradation Activity Changes Monitored During a Chlorinated Solvent Biovent Demonstration

Microbial populations and degradation activity increased significantly during a chlorinated solvent bioventing bioremediation effort using propane at Dover Air Force Base in Delaware. The propane injection resulted in degradation of a mixture of chlorinated solvents, including trichloroethylene (TCE), cis‐dichloroethylene (c‐DCE), and 1,1,1‐trichloroethane (TCA). In only 20 d, the propane injection resulted in decreases of TCE and c‐DCE of > 98%, and a decrease in TCA in soil gas by ∼70%. The degradation of the TCA may not have occurred with a methane, butane, toluene, or phenol injection. These decreases in chlorinated solvent concentrations were accompanied by large increases in propane‐utilizing bacteria that ranged from below detection levels prior to the injection to ∼1% of the ending total aerobic heterotrophic population by the end of the propane injection. Thus, a proportional increase occurred as heterotrophic counts increased a hundredfold. Microbial TCE degradation activity, as measured in microcosms, also increased with the propane injection. The highest rates of degradation were observed in microcosms with propane and nutrients, indicating the potential for higher field rates of degradation with nutrient additions.
USO DE NANOPARTÍCULAS DE FERRO ZERO-VALENTE NA REMEDIAÇÃO DE SOLOS CONTAMINADOS: DEGRADAÇÃO REDUTIVA DO AZUL DE METILENO

RESUMO – Atualmente a nanotecnologia tem sido estudada amplamente, podendo se tornar uma das mais importantes tecnologias ambientais. Este trabalho estuda a producao de nanoparticulas de ferro zero-valente (nZVI), comparando-as com nanoparticulas comercializadas e sua utilizacao na remediacao de solos contaminados com azul de metileno. As nZVI foram sintetizadas pelo metodo de reducao do ferro ferrico pelo boroidreto de sodio em condicoes atmosfericas, permanecendo no estado de valencia zero durante dias. Para caracterizar as nanoparticulas comerciais e as sintetizadas em laboratorio foram realizadas analises de DRX, MET e MEV, o que resultou em particulas com diâmetro na faixa de 10-100 nm. No estudo em coluna, os resultados mostraram que as nanoparticulas de ferro zero-valente influenciam no tempo de saturacao da coluna pelo contaminante. O teste de adsorcao em coluna teve um tempo para o inicio da saturacao de 12 horas, os testes de degradacao do corante com nZVI em coluna com 0,64% de nZVI levou 15 horas para iniciar a saturacao, a coluna com 0,96% de nZVI levou 25 horas e para a coluna com 1,28% de nZVI em um tempo de degradacao de 45 horas ainda nao havia iniciado a saturacao. A degradacao do corante foi confirmada pela analise de carbono orgânico total. Os resultados obtidos no estudo em coluna mostraram que o corante foi degradado pelas nanoparticulas de ferro e a quantidade de nZVI influencia diretamente no processo.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of Cu x S-Cu y Te layers on polyamide film formed by the use of potassium telluropentathionate

* corresponding authors. e-mail: ingrida.ancutiene@ktu.lt The phase composition of polyamide 6 (PA) films modified by layers of copper sulfides – copper tellurides, CuxS–CuyTe, was studied by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method. Copper sulfide – copper telluride layers on the surface of PA film were formed by treating PA film samples in acidified 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mol · dm–3 solution of potassium telluropentathionate, K2TeS4O6, at a temperature of 1, 10 and 20 °C and then with Cu(II / I) salt solution. In the surface of PA samples modified by copper sulfides – copper tellurides, the presence of various copper, sulfur, tellurium and oxygen compounds (Cu2S, CuS, S8, CuxS, CuyTe, Cu(OH)2 and TeO2) was determined. Copper sulfides and tellurides tooke the major part in the layer; the content of copper sulfides in the composition of layers was higher. The copper sulfur–tellurium ratio decreased with increasing the duration of chalcogenization, in agreement with the results of the samples’ sheet resistance measurements since samples with the lower value of the copper : sulfur–tellurium ratio were more conductive.
Long range epitaxial growth of prismatic heterostructures on the facets of catalyst-free GaAs nanowires

Molecular beam epitaxy is used for the synthesis of catalyst-free GaAs nanowires and related quantum heterostructures. After growth of the nanowire GaAs core, the conditions are changed in situ towards standard MBE planar growth in order to obtain quantum heterostructures on the facets of the nanowires. Depending on the nanowire orientation, different geometries of the quantum heterostructures are obtained. This growth method is fully characterized by high resolution and scanning transmission electron microscopy and Z-contrast electron tomography. The growth conditions are also tuned for the optimization and homogeneity of the optical properties. The feedback of these analyses allows the tuning of the growth conditions according to the required optical properties. This work is the basis for obtaining a new generation of devices based on the heterostructures existing on the nanowire facets.
Multiarm star nanocarriers containing a poly(ethylene imine) core and polylactide arms

Star polymers (SPs) containing a hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) (PEI; number-average molecular weight = 10,000) core and polylactide arms were synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization of lactide. PEI was used as a multifunctional macroinitiator for the ring-opening polymerization of lactide. Different lactide monomer/amino-functional group (LA/NH n ; n = 1 or 2) ratios were used for preparing SPs with different molecular weights. SPs were able to encapsulate small guest molecules such as Rose Bengal; they also transported small, hydrophilic molecules from water to the organic phase. The transport capacity of all the nanocarriers depended on the LA/ NH n ratio used for synthesizing the SPs. Nanocarriers with a higher LA/NH n ratio had higher transport capacities. The size of all the nanocarriers depended on the type of solvent. In chloroform, these nanoparticles had several sizes that were related to the self-assembly of these nanocarriers, but in acetone, they were monodisperse, and their size was smaller than that in chloroform. Also, the transport of polar dyes from water to the chloroform phase was possible.
Three-coordinate metal amides of manganese(II) and cobalt(II): synthesis and x-ray structure of the first tris(silylamide) of manganese and the x-ray crystal structures of [M2(N(SiMe3)2)4] (M = Mn, Co)

Les trois complexes [Mn(N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ) 3 Li(THF)], [M 2 (N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ) 4 ] avec M=Mn et Co cristallisent dans le systeme monoclinique, groupe P2 1 /n pour le premier et C2/c pour les deux derniers. Les centres metalliques presentent la coordinence 3 dans les trois complexes
Prediction of the voluntary intake of grass silages by beef cattle. 1. Linear regression analyses

Data on individually recorded silage dry-matter intake (SDMI), concentrate dry-matter intake (CDMI) and live weight of steers and data on silage composition including toluene dry matter (TDM), pH, total nitrogen (N), ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) obtained from experiments conducted at three sites were used to obtain simple and multiple linear regressions of SDMI on other variables. Live weight accounted for a high proportion of the variation in intake but this effect could generally be removed by scaling intake by live weight raised to the power of 0·75 (M 0·75 ). CDMI was the most important factor affecting scaled intake in mixed diets. TDM, NH,-N and VFAs all had important effects on SDMI. The relationship of SDMI with TDM was curvilinear suggesting that there is little to be gained in intake terms from wilting to TDM above 250 g/kg. The effect of NH 3 -N appeared to be related more to its correlation with VFAs than with any other nitrogenous constituent while the VFAs appeared to have a direct effect on SDMI. The effects of N and pH on SDMI were generally small. DOMD and NDF had relatively little effect on SDMI. Significant differences in intercepts between sites were found for most relationships although common slopes were often found.
Soybean Foliage Residues of Dicamba and 2,4-D and Correlation to Application Rates and Yield

Plant growth regulator (PGR) herbicides dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methyloxybenzoic acid) and 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] can severely injure soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] by drift or tank contamination and reduce yield. Often in regulatory disputes, tissue is analyzed for PGR residue. However, relationships between grain yield reduction and foliar residue concentrations at various times after exposure are not well documented. This 2-yr study quantified the amount of dicamba and 2,4-D in soybean foliage 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 d after treatment (DAT) when treated with 1 to 20% of 0.56 kg a.e. ha⁻¹ [labeled rate for corn (Zea mays L.)] at the three-leaf (V3) stage of growth and determined if these concentrations were correlated to initial application rate or grain yield. Herbicide concentrations were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques with selective ion monitoring. Visual symptoms were slight (<10%) to severe (90%) and included leaf cupping, epinasty and, in some cases, death of the apical bud. Grain yields from dicamba-treated plants were reduced from 14 to 93% compared with untreated plant yield, whereas only 2,4-D at the highest rate reduced yield. In both years, foliar residue concentrations were correlated with initial application rates and yield reduction up to 24 DAT for dicamba and 12 DAT for 2,4-D, with all treatments having residue amounts similar to untreated plants after these intervals. The data suggest that plant samples should be collected as soon as possible after suspected PGR exposure for accurate detection and quantification of PGR residue.
The structural, molecular and functional properties of lignin-containing beechwood glucuronoxylan

The samples of 4-O-methyl-D-glucurono-D-xylan (GX) with different lignin and uronic acid (MeUA) contents were prepared from beechwood by various procedures. The re-dissolution process of the partially water-soluble GX-2 lyophilizate in aqueous medium depended on the content and distribution of MeUA. In contrast to the supernatant after ultracentrifugation, the sediment had a significantly lower MeUA content and showed mainly high-molecular mass components. A part of lignin degradation products is separable by repeated dissolution and precipitation of GX in acidic and alkaline 80% ethanolic media with assistance of ultrasound. Irradiation in acidic ethanol (GX-3/ac) showed no effect on the distribution of the UV 254 -absorbing component. GX-3 sonicated in neutral and alkaline media (GX-3/ne, GX-3/alk) lost water solubility. The lignin-rich GX samples showed remarkable emulsifying efficiency and protein foam stabilization effect. In addition, the presence of phenolics provided antioxidant properties to these xylan preparations indicating their potential as polymeric radical scavengers.
Evaluation of chemically characterised essential oils of Coleus aromaticus, Hyptis suaveolens and Ageratum conyzoides against storage fungi and aflatoxin contamination of food commodities

Summary The result of the present investigation explores the efficacy of chemically characterised essential oils (EOs) of Coleus aromaticus, Hyptis suaveolens and Ageratum conyzoides as antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic agent against some storage fungi and the toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (Saktiman 3NSt). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of these EOs were also determined against the toxigenic strain of A. flavus (Saktiman 3NSt). The EO from C. aromaticus was found to be most effective exhibiting MIC and MFC at 0. 1μL mL−1. The EOs also completely checked aflatoxin B1 synthesis in concentration-dependent manner. In addition, fumigation of stored wheat samples with EOs exhibited remarkable protection (>80%) from fungal infestation showing their efficacy during in vivo storage conditions. Based on the results of the present investigation, the EOs of C. aromaticus, H. suaveolens and A. conyzoides may be recommended as novel plant-based antifungal and aflatoxin B1 suppressor over the synthetic preservatives.
DEGRADATION OF AZO AND TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYE BY THE BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM LOCAL INDUSTRIAL WASTE

The local industrial sugar cane waste water sample was collected from Meerut, Uttar Pradesh for the isolation of dye degrading bacteria. The isolate SCWS5 was selected based on its maximum decolorization of dyes Methyl orange, Congo red and Malachite green (each 150mg/L). Phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence confirmed SCWS5 as Bacillus sp. On physiochemical parameters optimization, Bacillus sp. SCWS5 degraded 10.13% (0.15mg/mL), 11.76% (0.11mg/mL) and 9.32% (0.8mg/mL) of Methyl orange, Congo red and Malachite green, respectively within 2h whilst 100% degradation (2.97mg/mL) at 18h for Methyl orange, 100% (2.43mg/mL) at 16h for Congo red and 100% (3.18mg/mL) at 20h for Malachite green were recorded. The degraded products were found non-toxic in nature while bacterial cells showed elongation and membrane rupturing under SEM taken from dye degraded media.
Self-assembly and fibrillization of a Fmoc-functionalized polyphenolic amino acid

Self-assembly of Fmoc-L-DOPA leads to the formation of twisted fibers at pH 2. Temperature dependent circular dichroism (CD) reveals the formation of a linear superstructure via π–π stacking. SAXS experiments together with TEM imaging confirm the existence of semi-flexible twisted-multistranded fibers. The self-assembly is found to be pH-dependent, with no aggregation at pH 5 and 7.
Understanding B Cell Kinetics in Humans via Heavy Water Labeling Using Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models and Stochastic Approximation EM algorithms

Heavy water labeling is an endogenous labeling technique for measuring kinetics of cell cycles. This method is nontoxic and sensitive to small changes in the number of DNAs newly synthesized during cell division. Therefore, heavy water labeling is suitable for human studies and has been widely used to understand kinetics of human immune cells such as T and B cells. In this study, this technique was employed to understand the difference in the kinetics of B cell development between the healthy and autoimmune-diseased (lupus) human subjects. All subjects recruited in this study were administrated with a pre-specified amount of heavy water each day for two weeks; then the enrichment ratio of heavy water labels (and thus the number of newly synthesized DNAs) was measured for each subject at a twoor four-week interval. The data set collected naturally calls for the use of nonlinear mixed-effect models (NLME). However, existing NLME algorithms implemented in prevailing statistical packages such as R, S+ and SAS failed to converge for our problem mainly due to the nonlinearity of model and discontinuity of likelihood function derivative. Therefore, we explored and implemented the Stochastic Approximation Expectation-Maximization (SAEM) algorithm in C++ to solve this problem. Reliable and reasonable parameter estimates were obtained by using the SAEM algorithm. Based on these parameter estimates, we further calculated the doubling-time and halflife of the activated memory B cell sub-population, and the Wilcoxon rank-sun test was used to test the difference in doubling-time and half-life of B cells between the healthy subjects and lupus patients. Although there was no statistical significance detected for a significance level 0.05 in this pilot study (e.g., the p-value for testing doubling-time difference is 0.08), we expect to identify significant difference in B cell kinetics in further studies given a sufficiently large sample size.