Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrocephalus prevalence and outcome in a population‐based cohort of children born in 1989–1998

Aim: To determine the prevalence, aetiology and clinical outcome in children with surgically treated hydrocephalus. Methods: A population‐based study of all 208 liveborn children with hydrocephalus, 124 with infantile hydrocephalus and 84 with hydrocephalus associated with myelomeningocoele, born during 1989–1998 in western Sweden. Aetiological and clinical information was collected from records. Results: The prevalence of hydrocephalus was 0.82 per 1000 live births, 0.49 for children with infantile hydrocephalus and 0.33 for children with myelomeningocoele. The prevalence of infantile hydrocephalus decreased during the period from 0.55 to 0.43 per 1000. In this group, the aetiology was prenatal in 55% and peri‐postnatal in 44% of the children. The origin was perinatal haemorrhage in all cases born very preterm. The mortality rate was 5% for children with either infantile hydrocephalus or myelomeningocoele. Mental retardation, cerebral palsy and epilepsy were significantly more frequent in the group with infantile hydrocephalus: 46% vs 16%, 31% vs 4% and 31% vs 10%, respectively. All children with infantile hydrocephalus born very preterm had at least one of these impairments, as did 80% of those with overt hydrocephalus at birth.
Joint Sparse Graph-Detector Design for Downlink MIMO-SCMA Systems

The application of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique to sparse code multiple access (SCMA) systems is important to enhance the system performance of future fifth generation wireless networks. However, one of the challenges in design of downlink MIMO-SCMA systems is developing near-optimum bit error rate (BER) performance detectors with affordable computational costs. To achieve this goal, we construct a joint sparse graph combining the single graph of MIMO channels and SCMA codewords, and then design the corresponding virtual SCMA codebooks for the detector. To utilize them, a novel joint processing approach based on message passing algorithm is proposed. Furthermore, two strategies for message update on the joint sparse graph, i.e., parallel and serial schedules, are, respectively, presented. Simulations show that, the proposed detector can achieve the optimal BER performance with significantly reduced complexity, compared to the maximum likelihood detector.
Effects of syllable preparation and syllable frequency in speech production: Further evidence for syllabic units at a post-lexical level

In the current paper, we asked at what level in the speech planning process speakers retrieve stored syllables. There is evidence that syllable structure plays an essential role in the phonological encoding of words (e.g., online syllabification and phonological word formation). There is also evidence that syllables are retrieved as whole units. However, findings that clearly pinpoint these effects to specific levels in speech planning are scarce. We used a naming variant of the implicit priming paradigm to contrast voice onset latencies for frequency-manipulated disyllabic Dutch pseudo-words. While prior implicit priming studies only manipulated the item's form and/or syllable structure overlap we introduced syllable frequency as an additional factor. If the preparation effect for syllables obtained in the implicit priming paradigm proceeds beyond phonological planning, i.e., includes the retrieval of stored syllables, then the preparation effect should differ for high- and low frequency syllables. The findings reported here confirm this prediction: Low-frequency syllables benefit significantly more from the preparation than high-frequency syllables. Our findings support the notion of a mental syllabary at a post-lexical level, between the levels of phonological and phonetic encoding.
Partial splenic embolization. An effective alternative to splenectomy for hypersplenism.

Splenectomy for massive splenomegaly and hypersplenism carries a significant morbidity and mortality. We have used partial splenic embolization (PSE) as an effective alternative to splenectomy. Ten PSE procedures were performed on nine patients without mortality and with minimal morbidity. The age of the patients ranged from 8 months to 32 years (mean 14 years). The causes of splenomegaly and hypersplenism included cystic fibrosis with cirrhosis (2), tyrosinemia and cirrhosis (1); thalassemia (1), hemophilia with Human Immune Deficiency Virus infection (2), chronic hepatitis with portal hypertension (1), malignant histiocytosis (1), and Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (1). All procedures were performed under local anesthesia with sedation. A percutaneous femoral artery approach to the splenic artery was used to deliver Ivalon sponge particles (280-800 microns) into the spleen. Splenic infarction was assessed by postembolization angiograms. All of the patients except one demonstrated improvement of hematologic parameters. In one patient, however, cytopenia improved only after a second embolization. In the total series, there was an early mean rise of 8,600/mm3 in the leukocyte count (range 2,900-14,900) and 212,000/mm3 in the platelet count (range 30,000-718,000). Follow-up ranged from 4 months to 7 years. Improvement of the blood picture has been persistent in seven of the eight patients who showed initial improvement. Transient procedural complications included fever (5), pleural effusion (2), pneumonia (1), and splenic abscess (1). One patient had paralytic ileus lasting for 10 days and one patient developed a streptococcal peritonitis 3 weeks after embolization. No patient developed pancreatitis or vascular compromise of other abdominal viscera. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Resolving the multifaceted mechanisms of the ferric chloride thrombosis model using an interdisciplinary micro fl uidic approach

Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche S949, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
Arabidopsis synaptotagmin SYTA regulates endocytosis and virus movement protein cell-to-cell transport

Synaptotagmins are calcium sensors that regulate synaptic vesicle exo/endocytosis. Thought to be exclusive to animals, they have recently been characterized in plants. We show that Arabidopsis synaptotagmin SYTA regulates endosome recycling and movement protein (MP)-mediated trafficking of plant virus genomes through plasmodesmata. SYTA localizes to endosomes in plant cells and directly binds the distinct Cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) cell-to-cell movement proteins. In a SYTA knockdown line, CaLCuV systemic infection is delayed, and cell-to-cell spread of TMV and CaLCuV movement proteins is inhibited. A dominant-negative SYTA mutant causes depletion of plasma membrane-derived endosomes, produces large intracellular vesicles attached to plasma membrane, and inhibits cell-to-cell trafficking of TMV and CaLCuV movement proteins, when tested in an Agrobacterium-based leaf expression assay. Our studies show that SYTA regulates endocytosis, and suggest that distinct virus movement proteins transport their cargos to plasmodesmata for cell-to-cell spread via an endocytic recycling pathway.
Colloidal Gold: A Novel Nanoparticle Vector for Tumor Directed Drug Delivery

Colloidal gold, a sol comprised of nanoparticles of Au0, has been used as a therapeutic for the treatment of cancer as well as an indicator for immunodiagnostics. However, the use of these gold nanoparticles for in vivo drug delivery has never been described. This communication outlines the development of a colloidal gold (cAu) nanoparticle vector that targets the delivery of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to a solid tumor growing in mice. The optimal vector, designated PT-cAu-TNF, consists of molecules of thiol-derivatized PEG (PT) and recombinant human TNF that are directly bound onto the surface of the gold nanoparticles. Following intravenous administration, PT-cAu-TNF rapidly accumulates in MC-38 colon carcinoma tumors and shows little to no accumulation in the livers, spleens (i.e., the RES) or other healthy organs of the animals. The tumor accumulation was evidenced by a marked change in the color of the tumor as it acquired the bright red/purple color of the colloidal gold sol and was coincident with the active and tumor-specific sequestration of TNF. Finally, PT-cAu-TNF was less toxic and more effective in reducing tumor burden than native TNF since maximal antitumor responses were achieved at lower doses of drug.
Improvement of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase production by fed‐batch fermentation

Two different types of fed‐batch fermentation were investigated to improve production yields of the Lip2 extracellular lipase in Y. lipolytica mutant‐strain LgX64.81 grown in a 20l bioreactor. Compare to batch cultures, culture feeding with the complete medium led to a 2‐fold increased lipase production (2016 ± 76 U ml–1) whereas addition of a combination of glucose and olive oil led to a 3‐fold increase. The high level of lipase production obtained on glucose media with Y. lipolytica LgX64.81 could be related to its phenotype i.e. a lower sensibility to glucose catabolite repression due to a modification in the level of HXK1 expression. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Deep Learning Based Cardiac Cine Segmentation Framework for Clinicians - Transfer Learning Application to 7T

Background Artificial neural networks have shown promising performance in automatic segmentation of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. However, initial training of such networks requires large amounts of annotated data and generalization to different vendors, field strengths, sequence parameters, and pathologies is often limited. Transfer learning has been proposed to address this challenge, but specific recommendations on the type and amount of data required is lacking. In this study we aim to assess data requirements for transfer learning to cardiac 7T in humans where the segmentation task can be challenging. In addition, we provide guidelines, tools, and annotated data to enable transfer learning approaches of other researchers and clinicians. Methods A publicly available model for bi-ventricular segmentation is used to annotate a publicly available data set. This labelled data set is subsequently used to train a neural network for segmentation of left ventricular and myocardial contours in cardiac cine MRI. The network is used as starting point for transfer learning to the segmentation task on 7T cine data of healthy volunteers (n=22, 7873 images). Structured and random data subsets of different sizes were used to systematically assess data requirements for successful transfer learning. Results Inconsistencies in the publically available data set were corrected, labels created, and a neural network trained. On 7T cardiac cine images the initial model achieved DICELV=0.835 and DICEMY=0.670. Transfer learning using 7T cine data and ImageNet weight initialization significantly (p<10-3) improved model performance to DICELV=0.900 and DICEMY=0.791. Using only end-systolic and end-diastolic images reduced training data by 90%, with no negative impact on segmentation performance (DICELV=0.908, DICEMY=0.805). Conclusions This work demonstrates the benefits of transfer learning for cardiac cine image segmentation on a quantitative basis. We also make data, models and code publicly available, while providing practical guidelines for researchers planning transfer learning projects in cardiac MRI.
Parental Deployment and Youth in Military Families: Exploring Uncertainty and Ambiguous Loss*

Parental deployment has substantial effects on the family system, among them ambiguity and uncertainty. Youth in military families are especially affected by parental deployment because their coping repertoire is only just developing; the requirements of deployment become additive to normal adolescent developmental demands. Focus groups were used to inquire about uncertainty, loss, resilience, and adjustment among youth aged 12-18 that had a parent deployed, most often to a war zone. The nature of uncertainty and ambiguous loss was explored. Response themes included overall perceptions of uncertainty and loss, boundary ambiguity, changes in mental health, and relationship conflict. These accounts suggest that ambiguous loss is a useful concept for understanding the experien- ces of these youth and for structuring prevention and intervention efforts.
Willingness and acceptability of anxiety and depression screening among women living with HIV in Ethiopia

Introduction: Integration of related health services, such as screening of depression in HIV care is crucial for improving the quality of care and enhancing the use of scarce resources in developing countries. However, commonly these interrelated health services are commonly provided separately and there are many missed opportunities. Little is known about the client-related non-implementation issues. This study aims at examining the acceptability of anxiety and depression screening among women living with HIV. Material and methods: This was a facility based cross-sectional study which included women living with HIV attending two hospitals in Jijiga town, Ethiopia. The study participants were identified using systematic random sampling method. An exit interview was conducted with the use of a pretested questionnaire. The gathered data was analysed using SPSS version 23 and multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with the factors associated with the acceptance of anxiety and depression screening. Results: A total of 409 women participated in this study. Though, only 115 (28.1%) were aware about the existence of anxiety and depression screening, 357 (87.3%) accepted to receive the screening for anxiety and depression. Requisite of partner approval was the most common reason for not accepting the screening of anxiety and depression 21 (40.4%). When used multivariate logistic regression model; holding college level education, divorced and were living without partner, being self employed by occupation, aware of the existing screening service, source of information from health care providers and history of previous screening were significantly associated with acceptance of depression screening. Conclusion: This research has shown that women participant living with HIV were willing to undergo the screening for depression, hence future interventions should focus on the integration of mental health screening in HIV clinical setup. Key words: Depression, HIV, AIDS, acceptability, screening.
A Digital Implementation of Flickermeter in the Hybrid Time and Frequency Domains

Voltage fluctuations caused by rapidly changing loads in the power systems may give rise to noticeable illumination flickers of lighting equipment. The voltage flickers can also cause malfunctions in many electric devices. This paper presents a digital implementation of flickermeter in the hybrid time and frequency domains based on IEC standard 61000-4-15. In addition, this paper proposes a new demodulation method to extract the voltage envelope. Simulations and actual measurements show that the digital implementation with the proposed method yields relatively accurate flicker measurements.
Robotic endoscopic capsules for gastrointestinal screening , diagnosis and therapy : achievements and future challenges

In this paper, we propose a method for mapping images from a capsule-based endoscope in a way that is more informative to physicians: the technique uses visual and inertial-based data fusion to obtain a 3D map of the lumen from 2D capsule images, also paving the way for the implementation of a path planning and autonomous locomotion and inspection.
Utilization of the Ethanol Pathway in Carp Following Exposure to Anoxia

1.Crucian carp ( Carassius carassius L.) and Common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) were subjected to 2h progressive hypoxia followed by up to 6 h anoxia in closed respirometers at 15°C. 2.The concentrations of glycogen, glucose, phosphoryl creatine, alanine, succinate, lactate, ethanol and ammonia were determined in whole Crucian carp following exposure to both hypoxia and anoxia. 3.Ethanol and lactate were the main anaerobic end products. Glycogen utilization during anoxia amounted to 2mmol glucose equivalents.kg wet weight −1 h −1 . Around 85% of the ethanol produced (2.8mmolkg −1 h −1 ) was excreted. Lactate accumulation (0.7 mmol kg −1 h −1 ) was only sufficient to account for 18.5% of the glycogen stores utilized. Ammonia production(0.2 mmol.kg body wt −1 h −1 ) was independent of the environmental oxygen availability. 4.Ethanol concentrations (μmol.g wetwt −1 ) were 7 in red myotomal muscle, 4 in white myotomal muscle, and 2 in liver after 6h anoxia. 5.In contrast to Crucian carp, Common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) did not produce ethanol at 15°C even after near lethal exposure to anoxia (5–6 h).
Evaluation of Multiple Reader Location for TDMR R/W Channel

The two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) by shingled magnetic recording needs two-dimensional (TD) signal processing using the multiple read-back waveforms. In this paper, to allocate dual readers (reader 1 and 2) for the intended tracks, we evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance of a low-density parity-check coding and iterative decoding system with a TD-finite impulse response equalizer under TDMR R/W channel specifications of 4 Tb/in2. Here, the TDMR R/W channel is modeled using a discretized granular medium and the writing process based on a slope model considering the media switching field angle given by the Stoner-Walfarth reversal mechanism. The result shows that to affect the good BER performance, the reader 1 should be placed slightly toward the next track from the center of the home track, and the reader 2 should be placed around the boundary between the home and following tracks.
Securing the vote

MARCH 2008 3 iven the constant, 24/7 clamoring of electionrelated news this year, it’s hard to explain how little attention is being paid to the topic that will likely take over the airwaves once the presidential election actually takes place— the flaws that remain in our largely electronic voting systems. As journalist Laurie Rowell points in this issue’s cover story, “Down For the Count? ,” it has been four years since ACM, the non-profit educational society that publishes this magazine, issued objective, non-partisan policy recommendations delineating the many shortcomings and failures of today’s digital voting systems. Little has changed since then. Battleground states Florida and Ohio stand among many trying to back away from touch-screen voting machines, but what alternatives are available to them? The truth is that optical scanner systems, with a paper trail or without, are as easily hacked as touch-screen machines. Fortunately there are some talented researchers working to solve this problem, at least for the long-term. One of our favorite developing systems, Scantegrity, works as an add-on to optical scanner systems. Though still in the early stages of design, it involves printing extra symbols on paper ballots, which lead to encrypted voter receipts, optional online vote-verification, and a specific voterdispute resolution procedure. Doesn’t each of those beautiful phrases ring out like bells of freedom across the land? If I were a computer science student in 2008, I would be tempted to specialize in voting-system design. This is one problem that’s going to be with us for a very long time.
Comparison of Feedforward Network and Radial Basis Function to Detect Leukemia

Leukemia is a fast growing cancer also called as blood cancer. It normally originates near bone marrow. The need for automatic leukemia detection system rises ever since the existing working methods include labor-intensive inspection of the blood marking as the initial step in the direction of diagnosis. This is very time consuming and also the correctness of the technique rest on the worker’s capability. This paper describes few image segmentation and feature extraction methods used for leukemia detection. Analyzing through images is very important as from images; diseases can be detected and diagnosed at earlier stage. From there, further actions like controlling, monitoring and prevention of diseases can be done. Images are used as they are cheap and do not require expensive testing and lab equipment. The system will focus on white blood cells disease, leukemia. Changes in features will be used as a classifier input.
Creative Projects: A Less Routine Approach Toward Getting New Things Done

This paper presents a framework for action that accounts for both how organizations get routine things done and how they pursue markedly new things through “creative projects. ” Based on this framework, organizational routines and creative projects are viewed as two types of action trajectories differing with respect to their repetitiveness. An ethnographic case study of an automotive prototype-purchasing process and two initiatives to redesign that process is used to compare an organizational routine with creative projects occurring within the same organizational setting and to further explicate the framework. Case analysis reveals how projection and planning, as well as combinatorial action, knowledge articulation, and contingency management, unfold differentially in organizational routines and creative projects. This paper contributes to our understanding of different forms of organizational change and innovation. It also provides a framework to examine the role of nonroutine organizing at several levels of organizational analysis and its relationship to more routine forms of organizing.
Signal integration in the galactose network of Escherichia coli

The gal regulon of Escherichia coli contains genes involved in galactose transport and metabolism. Transcription of the gal regulon genes is regulated in different ways by two iso‐regulatory proteins, Gal repressor (GalR) and Gal isorepressor (GalS), which recognize the same binding sites in the absence of d‐galactose. DNA binding by both GalR and GalS is inhibited in the presence of d‐galactose. Many of the gal regulon genes are activated in the presence of the adenosine cyclic‐3′,5′‐monophosphate (cAMP)–cAMP receptor protein (CRP) complex. We studied transcriptional regulation of the gal regulon promoters simultaneously in a purified system and attempted to integrate the two small molecule signals, d‐galactose and cAMP, that modulate the isoregulators and CRP respectively, at each promoter, using Boolean logic. Results show that similarly organized promoters can have different input functions. We also found that in some cases the activity of the promoter and the cognate gene can be described by different logic gates. We combined the transcriptional network of the galactose regulon, obtained from our experiments, with literature data to construct an integrated map of the galactose network. Structural analysis of the network shows that at the interface of the genetic and metabolic network, feedback loops are by far the most common motif.