Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
All four Mycobacterium tuberculosis glnA genes encode glutamine synthetase activities but only GlnA1 is abundantly expressed and essential for bacterial homeostasis

Glutamine synthetases (GS) are ubiquitous enzymes that play a central role in every cell's nitrogen metabolism. We have investigated the expression and activity of all four genomic Mycobacterium tuberculosis GS – GlnA1, GlnA2, GlnA3 and GlnA4 – and four enzymes regulating GS activity and/or nitrogen and glutamate metabolism – adenylyl transferase (GlnE), γ‐glutamylcysteine synthase (GshA), UDP‐N‐acetylmuramoylalanine‐d‐glutamate ligase (MurD) and glutamate racemase (MurI). All eight genes are located in multigene operons except for glnA1, and all are transcribed in M. tuberculosis; however, some are not translated or translated at such low levels that the enzymes escape detection. Of the four GS, only GlnA1 can be detected. Each of the eight genes, as well as the glnA1–glnE–glnA2 cluster, was expressed separately in Mycobacterium smegmatis, and its gene product was characterized and assayed for enzymatic activity by analysing the reaction products. In M. smegmatis, all four recombinant‐overexpressed GS are multimeric enzymes exhibiting GS activity. Whereas GlnA1, GlnA3 and GlnA4 catalyse the synthesis of l‐glutamine, GlnA2 catalyses the synthesis of d‐glutamine and d‐isoglutamine. The generation of mutants in M. tuberculosis of the four glnA genes, murD and murI demonstrated that all of these genes except glnA1 are nonessential for in vitro growth. l‐methionine‐S,R‐sulphoximine (MSO), previously demonstrated to inhibit M. tuberculosis growth in vitro and in vivo, strongly inhibited all four GS enzymes; hence, the design of MSO analogues with an improved therapeutic to toxic ratio remains a promising strategy for the development of novel anti‐M. tuberculosis drugs.
Vascular reactivity and flow-pressure curve in isolated kidneys from rats with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertension

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of the functional changes in resistance vessels to the hypertension induced by chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition in rats. Another goal of this study was to evaluate whether this model of hypertension is accompanied by changes in the activity of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Methods Hypertension was induced by long-term (6 weeks) oral administration of JV-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 75mg/100ml in the drinking fluid). Vascular reactivity to vasoconstrictors (phenylephrine and barium chloride) and vasodilators (acetylcholine and nitroprusside) and the flow-pressure curve were examined in isolated perfused kidneys preparations. Vascular reactivity to vasoconstrictors and the flow–pressure curve were studied under basal conditions or after the infusion of L-arginine (100umol/l). The activity of EDHF was evaluated by comparing the dose-response curves for acetyichoiine obtained in potassium chloride- and phenylephrine-preconstricted preparations. Results Kidneys from L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats showed increased sensitivity to vasoconstrictors with a greater duration of the pressor responses at high doses and markedly up-shifted flow-pressure curve in comparison with that obtained in control kidneys. These differences disappeared when the kidneys from control and L-NAME-treated rats were infused with L-arginine. The kidneys from L-NAME-treated rats also showed a decreased responsiveness to acetylcholine with an augmented reactivity to nitroprusside. The acetylcholine dose-response curve was reduced in control preparations and greatly attenuated in L-NAME-treated preparations when the renal vasculature was preconstricted with potassium chloride. Conclusions The changes in vascular reactivity observed in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this type of hypertension. Moreover, it is also suggested that longterm nitric oxide inhibition may be associated with increased activity of EDHF.
An examination of costs, charges, and payments for inpatient psychiatric treatment in community hospitals.

OBJECTIVE Hospitalization is a critical component of treatment for individuals with serious and persistent mental illness. Despite its resource intensity, the costs of inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations in the United States are not well understood. The objective of this research was to provide cost estimates for inpatient psychiatric care. METHODS Using Premier's Perspective Comparative Database, supplemented with the MarketScan database, this study estimated the average charges, cost to provide care, and amount of reimbursement for inpatient psychiatric care in 418 community-based hospitals in 2006 (N=261,996 hospitalizations). RESULTS Charges were 2.5 times higher than the hospitals' reported costs to deliver care. Reimbursed amounts indicated by MarketScan were similar to the reported costs to deliver care. The average cost to deliver care was highest for Medicare and lowest for the uninsured: schizophrenia treatment, $8,509 for 11.1 days and $5,707 for 7.4 days, respectively; bipolar disorder treatment, $7,593 for 9.4 days and $4,356 for 5.5 days; depression treatment, $6,990 for 8.4 days and $3,616 for 4.4 days; drug use disorder treatment, $4,591 for 5.2 days and $3,422 for 3.7 days; and alcohol use disorder treatment, $5,908 for 6.2 days and $4,147 for 3.8 days. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with past research, the results suggest that previous attempts to control pricing may have led to unintended consequences, including a large gap between charges and reimbursed amounts, potential cost shifting between payers, and potentially extended lengths of stay to offset reduced per diems. The lack of transparency in pricing makes it challenging to estimate the cost to society for a day of psychiatric hospitalization.
Cash Holdings and Corporate Performance: Evidence from Sri Lanka

Recently, debate on corporate cash holdings has received greater attention in the corporate finance literature. Corporate finance theories provide competing hypotheses on the relationship between cash holdings and corporate performance. This study empirically examines the relationship between cash holdings and corporate performance using a sample of firms listed in the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) over the period 2011-2115. Controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and other firm characteristics, this study finds that cash holdings is positively related to firm performance.
Funkcjonowanie emocjonalne chorych z objawami niepowodzenia chemioterapii zaawansowanego raka jajnika

Wstep . Rozpoznanie i leczenie raka jajnika powoduje powa? ne zaburzenia emocjonalne, takie jak lek oraz depresja. Informowanie chorych o utrzymuj±cych sie pomimo leczenia wysokich ste? eniach markerow nowotworowych mo? e dodatkowo powodowaae narastanie leku i pogorszenie jako¶ci ? ycia. Celem badania by³a ocena stanu emocjonalnego chorych informowanych o podwy? szonym lub prawid³owym ste? eniu Ca125 w trakcie leczenia zaawansowanego raka jajnika. Materia³ i metody . Badaniem objeto losowo wybran± grupe 150 pacjentek spo¶rod 326 chorych leczonych w Klinice Ginekologii Akademii Medycznej w Gdansku z powodu zaawansowanego raka jajnika w okresie od stycznia 2000 roku do grudnia 2002 roku. Na podstawie koncowego wyniku badania ste? enia Ca125 chore podzielono na grupe z podwy? szonym ste? eniem Ca125 pomimo stosowanego leczenia oraz na grupe ze ste? eniem Ca125 mieszcz±cym sie pod koniec leczenia w granicach normy. Do oceny stanu emocjonalnego zastosowano polskie wersje standardowych kwestionariuszy ISCL i HADS-M. Analizy statystycznej dokonano, stosuj±c test U Manna-Whitneya. Wyniki . Warto¶ci prawid³owe antygenu Ca125 stwierdzono u 71 chorych, co stanowi³o 67% badanej grupy. U chorych z wysokim ste? eniem antygenu Ca125 stwierdzono znamiennie wy? szy poziom leku stanu (p < 0,05) oraz tendencje wzrostu poziomu depresji i agresji w skali HADS-M. Wnioski . Chore, ktorym przekazuje sie informacje o objawach nieskuteczno¶ci leczenia, s± szczegolnie nara? one na zaburzenia emocjonalne i wymagaj± pomocy psychologicznej. Przygotowanie zespo³u sprawuj±cego opieke powinno obejmowaae zagadnienia zwi±zane z wp³ywem choroby i stosowanych metod leczenia na jako¶ae ? ycia chorych, a tak? e zasady przekazywania niepomy¶lnych informacji chorym.
Transient neonatal bradycardia without heart block associated with anti-Ro antibodies

Correspondence: Dr R Cimaz, Clinica Pediatrica Prima, Via Commenda 9, 20122 Milano, Italy. Received 15 January 1997; accepted 3 March 1997 Autoantibodies to Ro/SSA are frequently found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren’s syndrome, and are the hallmark of the socalled neonatal lupus syndromes. The autoantibody response can be directed against a 52 kD and a 60 kD protein. Children bom from anti-Ro positive mothers carry an elevated risk for complete congenital heart block; however, other cardiac and extracardiac manifestations have also been described. Other types of conduction defects, mostly but not exclusively irreversible, and rarely anatomic cardiac anomalies have been reported in neonatal lupus. It seems that the risk for heart block changes with antigen specificities, being higher in the simultaneous presence of antibodies to the 48 kD La/SSB polypeptide and the 52 kD Ro/SSA polypeptide. To our knowledge there is only one report of sinus bradycardia associated with maternal anti-Ro antibodies.2 We describe the child of an anti-Ro positive mother with SLE who developed transient sinus bradycardia. A 35 y old white women affected by systemic lupus erythematosus gave birth at her first pregnancy to a healthy male (weight 2340 g). During pregnancy she had been treated with low-dose steroids ( 15 mg prednisone/d) and low-dose aspirin without complications. At prenatal ultrasounds fetal heart rate had always remained within normal limits. Delivery
Trends in Development and Utilization of Sericulture Resources for Diversification and Value Addition

Sericulture is an activity where every part can be used for multiple purposes. Sericulture implies significant quantities of secondary and waste products such as perforated silk cocoons, Bombyx mori chrysalides, bedding left-over larval dejections and mulberry plant waste, superseded cocoons, surplus mulberry leaf, root and wood biomass, mulberry fruits, mulberry root biomass etc. Therefore, sericulture to produce only silk fabric can now be transformed into the functional industry by applying appropriate methods in processing the secondary and waste products from sericulture, which can double or even triple the farmers’ income dramatically as obtained from the main activity of silk cocoon production. Thus, in order to ensure a profitable sericulture activity, it is necessary to process these secondary and waste products generated from different sericulture activities to obtain biologically active substances with important uses in: pharmaceutical, cosmetic, paper and cellulose, and organic agricultural food industries. Realizing the scope of utilizing by-products generated from different sericulture activities, in-depth research towards utility optimization is the prime need in placing the sericulture industry on a sound footing. The review is intended to focus on recent advances in comprehensive utilization, diversification and value addition of sericulture resources in broadening the sustainability of sericulture industry.
Toward an Efficient PE-Malware Detection Tool

The Portable Executable (PE) format is a standard file format for executables and object code used in MS Windows operating systems. Since a number of various malwares have rapidly increased by exploiting vulnerabilities of PE structure, the need of automatic tools for PE-malware detection also increases. In this paper, we developed a PE file analysis tool using Python language for studying efficient automatic detection tool of Windows malwares.
Flow-based anti-spam

Approximately 40% of all email in the Internet is spam, and its volume is growing rapidly. Blackhole list and mail filter are the main measures to defend the spam at present. But as a matter of fact, the situation of spam flooding tends to be more and more terrible. In this paper, we proposed a new technology of anti-spam based on flows, which could detect spam and abnormal email behaviors in the network, according to the type of email flows and their respective characteristics. First, the impacts of spam are introduced. The conception of flow and some relative definitions are given. Then three types of email flows and their judgment models are presented. And three cases we aimed at to resolve the spam are discussed. Finally, network measurement system, the platform of deploying the anti-spam, and the policy-based scheduling are introduced.
An Influence Prediction Model for Microblog Entries on Public Health Emergencies

Abstract This study aims at constructing a microblog influence prediction model and revealing how the user, time, and content features of microblog entries about public health emergencies affect the influence of microblog entries. Microblog entries about the Ebola outbreak are selected as data sets. The BM25 latent Dirichlet allocation model (LDA-BM25) is used to extract topics from the microblog entries. A microblog influence prediction model is proposed by using the random forest method. Results reveal that the proposed model can predict the influence of microblog entries about public health emergencies with a precision rate reaching 88.8%. The individual features that play a role in the influence of microblog entries, as well as their influence tendencies are also analyzed. The proposed microblog influence prediction model consists of user, time, and content features. It makes up the deficiency that content features are often ignored by other microblog influence prediction models. The roles of the three features in the influence of microblog entries are also discussed.
The Development Model of Small-Industry in East Java: A Regional Comparative Study

"Objective – This study aims to compare the developmental model of small industry in both regions. Methodology/Technique – The economic growth of the northern region is relatively higher compared to their southern counterpart. It is thought that industrial zone policies, which tend to be northern-region oriented, is the trigger for this. Although the development of small industries in the southern region of East Java is quite significant and able to absorb many workforces, it is still unable to boost the economic growth of the region. This research uses a shift share analysis method and a sample of regencies and cities in both regions. Findings – The result of the shift-share analysis model shows that the processing industry and wholesale and retail industry are basic sectors that can enhance the economic growth of both regions. Each industry is significantly shifted to a basic sector. Local governments have established clusters of small and medium businesses, such as earthenware, ceramics, snack, furniture, rattan craft, and stoneware industrial centres. Several other industrial sectors show significant contributions following the implementation of industrial zone policies. This suggests that the establishment of industrial zones is able to boost the region's economy and reduce disparities. However, small industries are low in capital accessibility, skills, and production technology. Therefore, to maintain the sustainability of industrial development, policies implemented by the government should focus on developing small businesses by improving their capital accessibility, skills, and technological proficiencies. Novelty – East Java's economy has shown a significant growth in recent years. Unfortunately, the growth across the region is still irregular. The disparity at the regional level, particularly between the northern and southern regions of East Java, is still prevalent. "
Trajectory Box Plot; a New Pattern to Summarize Movements

Nowadays, an abundance of sensors are used to collect very large datasets of moving objects. The movement of these objects can be analysed by identifying common routes. For this, a cluster of trajectories must be deﬁned and the pattern of each cluster discovered. In this article, we introduce a new pattern, called the Trajectory Box Plot (TBP), to summarize a set of trajectories following the same route. The TBP is an extension of the well known descriptive statistics Box Plot concept. Each TBP is described by a median trajectory, a 3D box and a 3D fence. The median trajectory depicts the typical movement of mobile objects. The box and the fences (whiskers) describe the spatial and temporal spreading around the central tendency. Trajectory Box Plots are useful to summarize and analyse trajectory streams, understand their spatio-temporal density and detect outliers. In this article, visual analysis highlights how the Trajectory Box Plot pattern eﬀectively describes how the density of trajectory clusters change over time.
Alpha‐Fetoprotein Concentration in Amniotic Fluid During the Last Trimester in Normal Pregnancies and in Pregnancies with Severe Fetal Abnormalities

Abstract. The concentration of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) in the amniotic fluid was studied during the last trimester of pregnancy. 129 samples of amniotic fluid were collected by transabdominal amniocentesis in 94 pregnant women. Only women with uncomplicated pregnancies giving birth to normal infants at term were included. The 90% reference interval was calculated and a distinct decrease in the amniotic fluid AFP concentration was found during the last trimester. An AFP concentration above the 90% reference interval was found in 8 out of 10 cases of anencephaly. Normal AFP concentration was found in a case of congenital heart disease with severe oedema, and a low concentration was found in a case of Down's syndrome (Trisomy 21).
Genetic basis of kidney cancer: Role of genomics for the development of disease-based therapeutics

Kidney cancer is not a single disease; it is made up of a number of different types of cancer, including clear cell, type 1 papillary, type 2 papillary, chromophobe, TFE3, TFEB, and oncocytoma. Sporadic, nonfamilial kidney cancer includes clear cell kidney cancer (75%), type 1 papillary kidney cancer (10%), papillary type 2 kidney cancer (including collecting duct and medullary RCC) (5%), the microphalmia-associated transcription (MiT) family translocation kidney cancers (TFE3, TFEB, and MITF), chromophobe kidney cancer (5%), and oncocytoma (5%). Each has a distinct histology, a different clinical course, responds differently to therapy, and is caused by mutation in a different gene. Genomic studies identifying the genes for kidney cancer, including the VHL, MET, FLCN, fumarate hydratase, succinate dehydrogenase, TSC1, TSC2, and TFE3 genes, have significantly altered the ways in which patients with kidney cancer are managed. While seven FDA-approved agents that target the VHL pathway have been approved for the treatment of patients with advanced kidney cancer, further genomic studies, such as whole genome sequencing, gene expression patterns, and gene copy number, will be required to gain a complete understanding of the genetic basis of kidney cancer and of the kidney cancer gene pathways and, most importantly, to provide the foundation for the development of effective forms of therapy for patients with this disease.
Distributed Feedback Fiber Laser Strain Sensor Technology

Distributed feedback fiber laser (DFB FL) sensors have been the subject of considerable research interest over the past decade, due primarily to their remarkable inherent strain sensitivity. Recent research has led to significant advances in both fundamental understanding of DFB FL devices and in practical performance outcomes in demanding real-world applications. Here, we provide an overview of the basic operating principles of wavelength division multiplexed DFB FL sensor systems and review the underlying theory of DFB FL.
Competitive intelligence

Explains the importance of corporate documents in competitive intelligence and outlines the data that can be extracted from the different types. Demonstrates their use in understanding the industry in which the company operates, differentiating between voluntary disclosure and documents demanded by law. Explains the use of the Certificate of Incorporation, Memorandum & Articles of Association and the Annual Return. Details the intelligence that can be gleaned from a company’s annual report, including the use of the directors’ report, balance sheet, profit & loss account, cash flow statement, notes to the financial statements and auditor’s report. Outlines the disclosure requirements for companies quoted on stock exchanges, and also reviews ad hoc company filings such as company renamings, registered office address change, appointments and resignations of directors, changes in directors’ personal details, and any pledge of a company’s assets as security for a loan or credit. Shows how such data gathering can be systematically planned and future orientated, even in smaller organizations. Points out that effective use of such disparate pieces of data for CI purposes requires both welldeveloped research skills and an awareness of the business implications of the data found.
Venture Capital’s Role in Creating a More Sustainable Society: The Role of Exits in Clean Energy’s Investment Growth

Abstract Venture capital’s role in clean energy (CE) technologies can be transformative in creating a sustainable society. Yet there are limitations on how far venture capitalists (VCs) can go in supporting these technologies. These limits exist because of the performance expectations of the main stakeholder group who hold VCs accountable. The financial backers of VCs expect an exceptional return on their investment, given the high level of risk they take on when they invest in unproven startups. This chapter explores the constraints that the financial obligations VCs have to their main backers put on their role in bringing about a more sustainable global society. It investigates VC firms’ responses to CE exits (initial public offerings (IPOs) and acquisitions) and shows how prior CE exits affect CE investment growth when we compare VCs exit records to that of their peers. This chapter demonstrates that VCs only increase CE investments when the cumulative number of exits substantially exceed that of their peers, while they decrease these investments when the cumulative number of their exits only moderately outpace that of their peers. The chapter suggests that the reason VCs respond in this way is the financial pressure VCs experience because of their dependence on their financial backers.