Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Young Driver arenting and the Young Driver Problem

bstract: Crash rates increase sharply at the age at which teenagers begin to drive and remain elevated relative to adult levels until drivers are well into their twenties. Parents have important roles to play in managing the risk for teenage drivers before and after licensure. Parents can be involved in their teenagers’ driving, allowing them to test for permit and licensure, supervising practice driving, providing access to a vehicle, and setting and enforcing limits on driving privileges after licensure. However, the management practices of many parents may not be sufficient to provide safety effects. The literature indicates that the two most important decisions parents can make to reduce teenagers’ driving risk are to delay licensure and impose limits on high-risk driving conditions (such as driving at night and with teenage passengers) during the first year of licensure. Two intervention programs have been shown to increase parental limit setting as a means of reducing risky driving behaviors and improving driving performance among novice teenage drivers. This article describes the contexts of and opportunities for parental involvement in teenage driving and the effectiveness of interventions to increase and improve parental management of young drivers. (Am J Prev Med 2008;35(3S):S294–S303) © 2008 American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Dietary Iron, Zinc, and Calcium and the Risk of Lung Cancer

Background: Iron, zinc, and calcium are all involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species and may compete with each other for similar binding sites. Dietary intakes of these micronutrients have been associated with altered risks of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. Methods: In this Massachusetts hospital-based case–control study of 923 patients with lung cancer and 1125 healthy controls, we studied the associations between dietary iron, zinc, and calcium intake and the risk of lung cancer. Dietary intake was assessed at the time of recruitment (1992 to 2000) with the use of a 126-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. We analyzed the data using multiple logistic regression models adjusting for smoking history and other potential risk factors. Results: The adjusted odds ratios of dietary iron, zinc, and calcium from food sources were 1.45 (95% confidence interval = 1.03–2.06), 0.71 (0.50–0.99), and 1.64 (1.17–2.29), respectively, for the highest quintile versus the lowest quintile of each micronutrient. Stronger associations between micronutrients and lung cancer risk were found when iron, zinc, and calcium were included together in the same model. The associations between dietary micronutrients intake and lung cancer risk were stronger among current smokers than among former smokers. When we examined intake from supplements as well as diet, associations were similar to those for diet alone. Conclusions: Dietary iron, zinc, and calcium may play an important role in the development of lung cancer, especially among current smokers. These results need to be confirmed in large prospective studies.
Effect of sodium selenite and selenium yeast on performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, and selenium deposition of laying hens

ABSTRACT This study compared the effects of sodium selenite and selenium yeast and their combination on laying performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, and selenium (Se) contents in tissues and eggs. Two‐hundred‐eighty‐eight Jing Hong layers that were similar in laying rate (87.5 ± 0.38%) and body weight (1.70 ± 0.02 kg) were randomly distributed into 4 treatments for 11 wk (from 203 d old to 279 d old) with 9 replicates of 8 hens per replicate. The diets (corn‐soybean meal diet) were supplemented with 0 [blank control (BC)], 0.3 mg/kg Se from sodium selenite (SS), 0.15 mg/kg Se from sodium selenite and 0.15 mg/kg Se from Se yeast (SS+SY), or 0.3 mg/kg Se from Se yeast (SY). Results showed that the laying rate of the SS+SY group increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the BC and SY groups. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in egg quality between the Se‐supplemented diets and the BC diet. The serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity was increased (P < 0.01) in hens fed Se‐supplemented diets compared to the BC diet. The liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the SY group was increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the BC group. Significant increase (P < 0.01) due to SY supplementation was noted in the serum vitamin E content compared to BC and SS. Layers fed Se‐supplemented diets had higher (P < 0.01) contents of Se in the serum, liver, and kidney compared to the BC diet. Compared to BC, Se content in eggs was significantly increased (P < 0.05) by feeding supplementary Se. In conclusion, the effects of SS and Se yeast were approximately equal in promoting antioxidant capacity of laying hens, while Se yeast is easier to deposit into eggs and tissues. The diet with added equal amounts of the 2 sources of Se was more cost effective and affordable than a comparable amount of Se yeast to obtain the promising production performance and nearly similar Se deposition.
Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase attenuates experimental autoimmune hepatitis: involvement of nuclear factor kappa B.

AIM To investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in murine experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH). METHODS To induce EAH, the syngeneic S-100 antigen emulsified in complete Freud's adjuvant was injected intraperitoneally into adult male C57Bl/6 mice. Liver injury was assessed by serum ALT and liver histology. The expression and activity of p38 MAPK were measured by Western blot and kinase activity assays. In addition, DNA binding activities of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The effects of SB203580, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, on liver injuries and expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma, IL-12, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha) were observed. RESULTS The activity of p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB was increased and reached its peak 14 or 21 d after the first syngeneic S-100 administration. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activation by SB203580 decreased the activation of NF-kappaB and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, hepatic injuries were improved significantly after SB203580 administration. CONCLUSION p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB play an important role in an animal model of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) induced by autoantigens.
Dihya: An Intelligent Learning Object Repository

The aim of this paper is to develop an Intelligent Learning Object Repository for computer science educational institutions at first glance, in order to facilitate the accessibility to different Learning Objects and therefore, enhance their reusability, interoperability, while taking advantage of their granularity/aggregation features. This LOR will give teachers the possibility to design courses that may include one or many LOs, second, the courses that depends on each other are linked together as nodes to form a graph that represents the global learning experience. Finally, it is to integrate a recommendation system which recommends to students the best paths to follow during a learning experience using the multi-agents approach where the recommender agent uses the A star pathfinding technique.
Photodynamic therapy for large or multiple patches of Bowen disease and basal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical delta-aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA) is an effective treatment for Bowen disease and certain basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), but its place in clinical practice remains to be established. Patients with large and/or multiple lesions of Bowen disease or BCC can represent a considerable therapeutic challenge. We suggest that delta-ALA PDT may be of particular benefit in such patients. OBSERVATION In an open study, 35 (88%) of 40 large patches of Bowen disease, all with a maximum diameter greater than 20 mm, cleared following 1 to 3 treatments of delta-ALA PDT, although 4 patches recurred within 12 months. delta-Aminolevulinic acid PDT was also used to treat 40 large BCCs, with an identical 88% initial clearance (after 1-3 treatments), with 4 recurrences within 34 months (range, 12-60 months). In 10 further patients with multiple (> or =3) patches of Bowen disease, 44 (98%) of 45 patches cleared following delta-ALA PDT, although 4 lesions recurred over 12 months. In 3 patients with multiple BCCs, PDT cleared 52 (90%) of 58 lesions, with 2 recurrences during 41 months (range, 12-52 months). Treatments were well tolerated, with only 5 patients with solitary large lesions requiring local anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS delta-Aminolevulinic acid PDT is an effective tissue-sparing modality achieving good cosmesis. We propose that delta-ALA PDT be considered as a first-line therapy for large and/or multiple areas of Bowen disease and superficial BCCs.
Robustness of different indicators of quantumness in the presence of dissipation

The dynamics of a pair of coupled harmonic oscillators in separate or common thermal environments is studied, focusing on different indicators of quantumness, such as entanglement, twin oscillators correlations, and quantum discord. We compare their decay under the effect of dissipation and show, through a phase diagram, that entanglement is more likely to survive asymptotically than twin oscillators correlations.
Mycophenolate mofetil prevents the development of glomerular injury in experimental diabetes.

BACKGROUND Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, in addition to, or in concert with, the associated hemodynamic and metabolic changes. The present study assessed the effects of chronic anti-inflammatory therapy in experimental diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Adult male Munich-Wistar rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin after uninephrectomy, kept moderately hyperglycemic by daily injections of NPH insulin and distributed among three groups: C, non-diabetic rats; DM, rats made diabetic and treated with insulin as described earlier; and DM+MMF, diabetic rats receiving insulin and treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), 10 mg/kg once daily by gavage. Renal hemodynamic studies were performed 6 to 8 weeks after induction of diabetes. Additional rats were followed during 8 months, at the end of which renal morphological studies were performed. RESULTS After 6 to 8 weeks, diabetic rats exhibited marked glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertension. Diabetic rats developed progressive albuminuria and exhibited widespread glomerulosclerotic lesions associated with macrophage infiltration at 8 months. Treatment with MMF had no effect on blood pressure, glomerular dynamics or blood glucose levels, but did prevent albuminuria, glomerular macrophage infiltration and glomerulosclerosis. Thus, the renoprotective effect of MMF was not associated with a metabolic or renal hemodynamic effect, and must have derived from its well-known anti-inflammatory properties, which include restriction of lymphocyte and macrophage proliferation and limitation of the expression of adhesion molecules. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with the notion that inflammatory events are central to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and suggest that MMF may help prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Impact des pressions sociales et écologiques sur les processus décisionnels lors des déplacements collectifs chez deux espèces de primates (Eulemur fulvus et Macaca fuscata)

La vie en groupe repose sur des compromis entre les besoins et motivations propres a l’individu et ceux des autres membres de son groupe. Ainsi, des individus dont les besoins peuvent etre differents doivent synchroniser leur activite avec celles des autres individus du groupe et se deplacer collectivement pour que la cohesion soit preservee. L’etude des deplacements collectifs constitue l’une des meilleures facons d’aborder les processus decisionnels dans les societes animales. Les recherches dans ce domaine ont permis d’identifier des differences entre certains individus ou classes d’individus ayant un role plus important que d’autres dans les prises de decision. Depuis lors, deux courants s’affrontent sur les causes de ce role preponderant de certains individus. Le premier voit dans ces differences une origine ecologique tandis que le second y voit une consequence des pressions sociales. Afin de tester ces hypotheses, j’ai etudie deux especes de primates : le lemur brun (Eulemur fulvus) dans un environnement controle, une espece qui presente un systeme social different des autres lemuriformes etudies jusqu’alors; et le macaque japonais (Macaca fuscata) en milieu naturel, une espece qui presente un style social de type intolerant. Les resultats obtenus au cours de cette these montrent que les facteurs sociaux ont un impact important sur les processus decisionnels et ce, meme en milieu naturel. Les facteurs ecologiques quant a eux n’influencent pas directement les processus decisionnels chez le macaque japonais mais semblent entrainer des changements dans la structure spatiale du groupe qui peuvent se repercuter sur les deplacements collectifs via les facteurs sociaux.
Emission and reflection from a thin oil film over a rough sea surface for optical application

This paper present in details the way to derive the emissivity and the reflectivity from a sea rough surface covered in oil film with the use of the assumptions presented in the introduction. Numerical results of the emissivity and the reflectivity contrasts from a clean rough sea and a contaminated rough sea are showed with respect to the wind speed, the oil film thickness, the wavelength (ranging from 0.35 to 0.75 mum) and the locations of the emitter and the receiver. In addition, a method is presented in order to derive the slope variance along the wind direction from the knowledge of the roughness spectrum of a contaminated sea surface
The Perceptual Shaping of Anticipatory Actions

Humans display anticipatory motor responses to minimize the adverse effects of predictable perturbations. A widely accepted explanation for this behavior relies on the notion of an inverse model that, learning from motor errors, anticipates corrective responses. Here, we propose and validate the alternative hypothesis that anticipatory control can be realized through a cascade of purely sensory predictions that drive the motor system, reflecting the causal sequence of the perceptual events preceding the error. We compare both hypotheses in a simulated anticipatory postural adjustment task. We observe that adaptation in the sensory domain, but not in the motor one, supports the robust and generalizable anticipatory control characteristic of biological systems. Our proposal unites the neurobiology of the cerebellum with the theory of active inference and provides a concrete implementation of its core tenets with great relevance both to our understanding of biological control systems and, possibly, to their emulation in complex artefacts.
The EGF receptor is required for efficient liver regeneration

Mice lacking the EGF receptor (EGFR) die between midgestation and postnatal day 20 with various defects in neural and epithelial organs. Here, we generated mice carrying a floxed EGFR allele to inactivate the EGFR in fetal and adult liver. Perinatal deletion of EGFR in hepatocytes resulted in decreased body weight, whereas deletion in the adult liver did not affect body mass. Although liver function was not affected, after partial hepatectomy mice lacking EGFR in the liver showed increased mortality accompanied by increased levels of serum transaminases indicating liver damage. Liver regeneration was delayed in the mutants because of reduced hepatocyte proliferation. Analysis of cell cycle progression in EGFR-deficient livers indicated a defective G1–S phase entry with delayed transcriptional activation and reduced protein expression of cyclin D1 followed by reduced cdk2 and cdk1 expression. Impaired liver regeneration was accompanied by compensatory up-regulation of TNFα in the serum and prolonged activation of c-Jun. Moreover, p38α and NF-κB activation was reduced in regenerating mutant livers, indicating an impaired stress response after hepatectomy. Our studies demonstrate that EGFR is a critical regulator of hepatocyte proliferation in the initial phases of liver regeneration.
Artisanat et gentrification rurale en France méridionale

Cet article presente une enquete de terrain menee depuis 2006 dans une zone rurale du Sud-Ouest de la France. Dans et autour du village medieval de N. , se sont produites depuis une quinzaine d'annees des mutations socio-economiques importantes dont on verra dans quelle mesure on peut les identifier comme relevant d'un processus de gentrification rurale. En menant observations et entretiens semi-directifs aupres de differentes populations de travailleurs independants tels que les artisans du bâtiment, les metiers d'art ou les metiers de bouche, on montre les rapports entre l'inflexion du contexte economique, social et culturel et l'evolution des marches locaux du travail. Dans ce paysage recompose on montre en particulier le role central des enfants de « neo-ruraux », aujourd'hui trentenaires, installes comme charpentiers, potiers ou maraichers mais parfaitement equipes en capital culturel et social et a meme de marier dans leur travail les registres de la creation et de la production, de l'art et du metier, de la modernite et de l'authenticite.
Ultrasound speckle noise reduction via an adaptive edge-controlled variational method

Medical ultrasound images are one of the most important and widely used diagnostic tools thanks to its noninvasive nature, high efficacy, low cost and real time display. However, a common phenomenon in imaging systems is the superimposing of a granular structure on the image contaminated with multiplicative speckle noise that distort and hinder the analysis of the diagnosis. In this paper a novel variational method is proposed to reduce speckle in ultrasound images, in which the location of the noisy pixels with high level noise are detected by a function that controls the velocity of the smoothness and adjusts the fidelity along with the smoothness terms of the functional. Several experiments and comparisons made with other methods are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Retos de la profesión publicitaria: aportaciones desde la planificación estratégica

En el entorno de incertidumbre actual de la publicidad es evidente que hace falta una redefinicion del negocio publicitario y que el consumidor se ha convertido en los ultimos anos en el protagonista del panorama de la comunicacion comercial. En este sentido, es relevante la aportacion al sector de los planificadores estrategicos, ya que se ocupan de defender la centralidad del consumidor dentro de la agencia de publicidad. El objetivo de este articulo es reflexionar, en primer lugar de un modo teorico, y en segundo de manera aplicada a la realidad profesional, acerca de los desafios a los que se enfrenta la profesion publicitaria y acerca de como la planificacion estrategica puede aportar algunas ideas de hacia donde deben dirigirse los cambios en la industria.
Realistic Lighting Simulation for Interactive VR Applications

In the field of aircraft design, interior illumination increasingly becomes an important design element. Different illumination scenarios inside an aircraft cabin are considered to influence the mood of air passengers, help passengers to be better prepared for time lags and to create an overall positive environment. Consequently, a physically correct and realistic lighting simulation becomes essential during the design process. Available tools are producing videos or still images of illumination settings. The main reason for this is that realistic lighting simulation is believed to require heavy offline processing and unfeasible to do from within a real-time system. On the other hand, interactive Virtual Reality (VR) applications are an appropriate tool to experience an aircraft cabin under different illuminations. The ability to integrate lighting simulations into VR applications would simplify the design process remarkably by skipping time-consuming context and tool switches. In this paper, we present a solution for integrating realistic lighting simulation with interactive performance into a single VR application. We explain our integration of real-time ray tracing, interactive global illumination, and measured point lights in a VR system, and its combination with classic rasterization techniques. We describe suitable interaction metaphors to enable realistic lighting simulation, high interactivity and intuitive interaction in an application for light design inside an aircraft cabin.
Bases moléculaires de la résistance des VIH-1 de sous-types non B aux nouveaux antirétroviraux

La disponibilite des antiretroviraux,ARV pour traiter les patients infectes par le VIH a ete l’un des plus grands defis de sante publique ces dernieres annees. Actuellement, de nouveaux ARV sont en cours de developpement ou deja disponibles, comme les inhibiteurs non-nucleosidiques de la transcriptase inverse de deuxieme generation, les inhibiteurs d'integrase et les inhibiteurs d’attachement (inhibiteurs d'entree du virus dans la cellule). Cependant, le succes a long terme de ces traitements se heurte a plusieurs problemes, dont l’emergence de souches resistantes du VIH aux ARV. Alors que les connaissances portent essentiellement sur le VIH-1 prevalent dans les pays du Nord, le sous-type B, la majorite des infections mondiales a VIH est causee par les sous-types non B, majoritairement presents dans les pays du Sud. L’acces aux ARV etant de plus en plus important dans les pays du Sud, il est donc important d’etudier les bases moleculaires de la resistance des VIH-1 de sous-type non-B. Dans une premiere partie de cette these, nous avons evalue la resistance primaire chez des patients infectes par le VIH dans deux contextes differents de prise en charge, au Sud (Mali) et au Nord (Hopital de la Pitie-Salpetriere, France). Les resultats montrent une augmentation de la resistance primaire au cours du temps au Mali, probablement liee a un acces elargi aux ARV. Nous avons egalement observe une frequence de mutations de resistance plus elevee chez les virus de sous-type non-B versus sous-type B. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, nous avons caracterise les profils de resistance genotypique chez des patients sous traitement de premiere ligne depuis au moins trois ans au Mali. Nous rapportons un niveau eleve de resistance aux inhibiteurs non-nucleosidiques de la transcriptase inverse de premiere et de seconde generation. Enfin, dans la troisieme partie de cette these nous nous sommes interesses a l’etude du polymorphisme au niveau des codons nucleotidiques codant pour les acides amines impliques dans la resistance aux nouvelles molecules. Nous avons d’abord compare la barriere genetique a la resistance entre les sous-types B et CRF02_AG pour la rilpivirine et l’etravirine, inhibiteurs de la transcriptase inverse de deuxieme generation. Puis, nous avons compare la barriere genetique entre le sous-type B et differents sous-types non B (C, D, CRF02_AG et CRF01_AE) pour l’inhibiteur d’attachement, BMS-626529.Les resultats montrent que la barriere genetique des sous-types non B est proche de celle du sous type B pour ces nouvelles molecules.