Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A unifying, eco‐physiological framework for animal dormancy

Across the tree of life, the term ‘dormancy’ is used to describe physiological adjustments that enhance survival in temporarily hostile environments (Cáceres, 1997; Geiser, 1998; Hand, 1991; Koštál, 2006). Dormancies have been documented in all animal phyla except Echinodermata (Hand, 1991), and are described using a wide variety of taxon-specific names and definitions (Table 1). Within and among these groups, dormancies span an extremely broad range of physiological states, from the nearly inert, ‘latent life’ state called cryptobiosis exemplified by Tardigrades (Jönsson et al., 2019) to more subtle state of hypometabolism exhibited by some active high latitude ungulates (in winter; Arnold, 2020) and polar bears (in summer; Nelson et al., 1983; Whiteman et al., 2015). Animals undergoing different types of dormancies resemble one another in how behaviour, energy metabolism and environmental sensing are regulated, and these processes are often underpinned by deeply conserved regulatory pathways (Hand et al., 2016). Despite these striking similarities, dormancy research is strongly phylogenetically siloed, with little crosstalk among fields in the primary literature (Box 1). The phylogenetic siloing of these closely related research fields inhibits our ability to answer evolutionary, Received: 31 July 2020 | Accepted: 1 November 2020 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13718
Bioactive Products from Endophytic Fungi of Sages (Salvia spp.)

In the aim of implementing new technologies, sustainable solutions and disruptive innovation to sustain biodiversity and reduce environmental pollution, there is a growing interest by researchers all over the world in bioprospecting endophytic microbial communities as an alternative source of bioactive compounds to be used for industrial applications. Medicinal plants represent a considerable source of endophytic fungi of outstanding importance, which highlights the opportunity of identifying and screening endophytes associated with this unique group of plants, widespread in diverse locations and biotopes, in view of assessing their biotechnological potential. As the first contribution of a series of papers dedicated to the Lamiaceae, this article reviews the occurrence and properties of endophytic fungi associated with sages (Salvia spp.).
THE OXIDATION OF PHENOLS: III. THE STOICHIOMETRIES FOR THE OXIDATION OF SOME SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS WITH PEROXY RADICALS

The stoichiometries for the oxidation of some substituted phenols with cumyl peroxy radicals at 65 °C have been measured. The results can be correlated generally with the expected phenolic oxidation products. Phenols with one or two unsubstituted ortho positions can react with more than 2 peroxy radicals per molecule. A maximum stoichiometry of 2.6 peroxy radicals was obtained with 2,4-dimethylphenol. 2,4,6-Tri-substituted phenols generally have stoichiometric factors of 2.0 or less.
The Costs of Eutrophication from Salmon Farming: Implications for Policy

Abstract We examine the ecological and economic costs of environmental impacts caused by coastal cage farming of salmonids, in particular those associated with nutrient releases and their relation to eutrophication and toxic algal blooms. We find that the nutrient releases from a fish farm producing 100 tons of salmon correspond to those of a human settlement of 850-3200 persons. Extrapolating the results to the 200 000 tons of salmonid production by Nordic countries, the release exceeds those of the population of Stockholm, the largest city in Sweden, and even whole states, such as Lithuania. Internalizing the environmental cost of the nutrient release from salmon farms at the level of the firm reveals that the total cost of salmon production exceeds the highest price paid for salmon in the 1980s, the decade when the industry boomed. In addition, there are several other environmental impacts not internalized. It is concluded that, from the viewpoint of Swedish society, salmonid farming, as performed today in coastal waters, is not only ecologically but also economically unsustainable.
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SAGES OF VARIOUS GEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS

Many studies published to date do not include a comprehensive comparison among the various types of sage available in commerce. Sages procured from Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Turkey and Italy during 1971 - 1977 were ground and steam-distilled in the laboratory. Gas chromatographic profiles obtained on the resulting volatile oils suggest that the Greek, Turkish and Italian are strikingly similar and are believed to be of Salvia triloba L. , and that though both the Yugoslavian and Albanian are of S. offcinalis L. , they display substantial differences. It is also shown by the use of linear discriminant function that the Yugoslavian sage may be subclassified into those grown in the Dalmatia region and those grown elsewhere in Yugoslavia.
R&D incentives to cooperate and invest with licensing

ABSTRACT In this paper, we evaluate the private incentive to cooperate comparing three different scenarios (R&D cooperation, and R&D competition with and without licensing), in terms of expected profits, industry probability of innovation, and expected welfare. We show that the feasibility of licensing increases the appropriability of returns and may stimulate R&D investment; moreover, licensing an innovation may lead to the highest social welfare. However, some conflict may emerge between the public and private incentive to license the innovation, and between different policy targets.
THE ROLE OF CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT IN BUILDING LOYALTY: EMPIRICAL STUDY ON BCA BANK

Customer loyalty is an important and strategic objective of the banking industry, which is achievable when the expectations of a product are fulfilled and satisfied. Therefore, customer satisfaction should be maintained by developing a deep interaction between customers and service providers. This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality, customer engagement, and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty at Bank Central Asia (BCA) Solo. A qualitative approach using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed, to provide an insight for the marketing manager in developing strategies to increase customer loyalty. More specifically, the results showed that service quality has a positive effect on customer satisfaction, while customer satisfaction and engagement also have positive effects on customer loyalty.
Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Review on the Status and Stress Effects

‘Water is life,’ so central to human life, yet over one billion people across the world have no access to safe drinking water. Of late, there has been increasing global attention focused on resolving water quality problems especially in developing countries, as the lack of access to clean water denies the most essential of all rights, the right to life. The latest estimates suggest that around 200 million people, from among 25 nations the world over, are under the dreadful fate of fluorosis. India and China, the two most populous countries of the world, are the worst affected. India is plagued with numerous water quality problems due to prolific contaminants mainly of geogenic origin and fluoride stands first among them. The weathering of primary rocks and leaching of fluoride-containing minerals in soils yield fluoride rich groundwater in India which is generally associated with low calcium content and high bicarbonate ions. The unfettered ground water tapping exacerbates the failure of drinking water sources and accelerates the entry of fluoride into groundwater. Most of the scientific literature substantiates the benefits of low fluoride concentrations in preventing dental decay. However, as a surprising paradox, incidence of dental, skeletal and crippling skeletal fluorosis was reported in India with average fluoride concentrations as low as 0.5, 0.7 and 2.8 ppm respectively. Fluorosis, turns out to be the most widespread geochemical disease in India, affecting more than 66 million people including 6 million children under 14 years age. Though fluoride has spread its tentacles in 36,988 habitations and the number of people falling prey to fluoride poisoning have been steadily increasing, an exact exposure-health relationship is yet to be properly elucidated. There is an essential relation between poverty and fluorosis as malnutrition is found to play an aggressive role in its severity.
TECNOLOGIAS EDUCACIONAIS: ESTRATÉGIAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES PARA USO DE TIC EM UMA ESCOLA DE PALMAS - TO

The research deals with Educational Technologies: teacher training strategies for the use of ICT in a school in Palmas TO. The problem finds out what are the contributions of educational strategies for the use of ICT for the improvement of teachers in the rural school. It aims to know the contributions of educational strategies for the use of ICT for the training of teachers in the researched institution. The action research methodology was used, based on educational strategies developed at school. The results show that the teacher tries to build a teaching identity that Artigo Original Original Article Artículo Original Artigo recebido em 04/03/2020 aprovado em 25/08/2020 publicado em 31/10/2020.
Scalable Computing of Betweenness Centrality based on Graph Reduction with a Case Study on Breast Cancer Analytics

BackgroundGraph theory has been widely applied to the studies in biomedicine such as structural measures including betweenness centrality. However, if the network size is too large, the result of betweenness centrality would be difficult to obtain in a reasonable amount of time.ResultIn this paper, we describe an approach, 1+ɛ lossy graph reduction algorithm, to computing betweenness centrality on large graphs. The approach is able to guarantee a bounded approximation result. We use GSE48216, a breast cancer cell line co-expression network, to show that our algorithms can achieve a higher reduction rate with a trade-off of some bounded errors in query results. Furthermore, by comparing the betweenness centrality of the original graph and the reduced graph, it can be shown that a higher reduction rate does not sacrifice the accuracy of betweenness centrality when providing faster execution time.ConclusionsOur proposed 1+ɛ lossy graph reduction algorithm is validated by the experiment results which show that the approach achieves a faster execution within a bounded error rate.
Course and Predictive Factors of Incomplete Response to Therapy in Low- and Intermediate-Risk Thyroid Cancer

Abstract Context Controversy surrounds the extent and intensity of the management of American Thyroid Association (ATA) intermediate- and low-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Understanding the natural history and factors that predict outcome is important for properly tailoring the management of these patients. Objective This work aims to study the natural course and predictive factors of incomplete response to therapy in low- and intermediate-risk DTC. Patients and Methods We studied a cohort of 506 consecutive patients [418 women (82.6%) and 88 men (17.4%)] with low and intermediate risk with a median age of 35 years (interquartile range [IQR], 27-46 years). We analyzed the natural course and the predictive factors of biochemically or structurally incomplete response. Results Of 506 patients studied, 297 (58.7%) patients were in the low-risk group and 209 (41.3%) were in the intermediate-risk group. Over a median follow-up of 102 months (IQR, 66-130 months), 458 (90.5%) patients achieved an excellent response, 17 (3.4%) had a biochemically incomplete status, and 31 (6.1%) had a structurally incomplete status. In univariable and multivariable analyses, age (≥ 33 years) (P < .0001, odds ratio 1.06 [1.04-1.08]) and lateral lymph node metastasis (LNM; P < .0001, odds ratio 3.2 [1.7-5.9]) were strong predictive factors for biochemically and structurally incomplete response to therapy. Sex, tumor size, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, and lymphovascular invasion did not predict incomplete response to therapy. Conclusions Patients with low- and intermediate-risk DTC have favorable outcomes. Age and lateral LNM are strong predictors of an incomplete response to therapy. This suggests that older patients and those with LNM should be managed and followed up more actively than younger patients and those without LNM.
A TAM Framework to Evaluate the Effect of Smartphone Application on Tourism Information Search Behavior of Foreign Independent Travelers

Mobile devices are more present in our everyday lives and have become an important factor in travel behavior. This study amends the technology acceptance model (TAM) and employs it to discuss the relationship between overseas independent travelers using a smartphone travel application (APP) and perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, usage attitude, usage intentions, and information search behavior. As such, the results reveal that foreign independent travelers (FIT) have a positive usage attitude toward the APP and this produces positive usage intention. The findings herein show that one can apply the new TAM to the tourism industry, as the results not only offer research and development avenues for production ideas, but also present references for formulating new APP policies and strategies.
A Miniaturized Dual-Slider Linear Actuator Using Electrostatic Adhesion and Inertia Drive

Dual-slider positioning in a miniaturized system is crucial in many industrial applications. This paper presents a miniaturized dual-slider linear actuator by employing one piezoelectric element (PZT) and integrating the methods of electrostatic adhesion and inertia drive. Two inertia drive methods can be converted by clamping and releasing one of the sliders on a base. Two thin-film electrodes are mounted on the base for clamping and releasing the slider by electrostatic adhesion. The actuator can thus drive dual sliders independently by converting the two inertia drive methods. A prototype is developed with a compact size of 30 mm (L) × 11 mm (W) × 11 mm (H) to evaluate the basic performance of the actuator. The maximum driving speeds of the two sliders are 31.7 mm/s and 16 mm/s, respectively, while the resolution of them is 60 nm and 13 nm, respectively. Additionally, the actuator can drive both the two sliders for long motion ranges of 14 mm. With a compact size and excellent physical performance, the proposed device has the potential for multi-slider positioning in miniaturized equipment.
Munda Folktales of Jharkhand

The present study aims at discourse analysis of Mundari Folktales of Jharkhand using sociocultural features. Discourse Analysis acts as an umbrella term for a rapidly growing field of research covering a wide range of different theoretical approaches and analytical emphases. It is assumed that different constructions of the world are represented in a number of ways. To understand different constructions, one needs to understand the factors that drive and shape the behavior of the people as individuals and collectively. The sociocultural discourse analysis focuses on the use of language as a social mode of thinking. The work of sociocultural theory is to explain how individual mental functioning is related to cultural, institutional, and historical context. This method will not only analyze words, sentences, expression, form and meaning but also analyze all kinds of social and cultural factors related to discourse. The intention behind the study is contribution to the repertoire of knowledge on Mundari folktales as an area which has remained unexplored over years. Despite being one of the major tribes of Jharkhand, these indigenous lives have not been a part of scholarly research yet. The tales are collected by different people and they are translated also but discourse study of the tales has not been dealt yet. Through the study of the tales one can learn their customs, culture, rituals, social activities and way of living. The emphases will be on analyzing people, their culture and society through the language used in the text.
Disentangling the roles of bottom‐up and top‐down drivers in the trade‐off between food acquisition and safety in prey with multiple predators

1. Prey face a trade-off between acquiring food and avoiding predation, but food availability, and therefore its effect, is rarely measured in field studies investigating non-lethal effects of predation. The main aim of this study is to investigate the role of the presence of predators in the functional adjustments of feeding parameters with patch quality in a medium-size herbivore. 2. In Hwange National Park (Zimbabwe), we set up an experiment by manipulating, over two years, patch quality for impala (Aepyceros melampus), a medium-sized herbivore. We assess predation risk by monitoring the presence of three GPS-equipped predators: African lions (Panthera leo), spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) and African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). 3. In enriched, fertilised plots the impalas reduced step rates (i.e. the rates of change in feeding stations), and increased their number of bites per feeding station while bite rates were not affected. Thus, the main adjustment of their feeding was the step rate. The total time the impalas spent vigilant appeared to be a good predictor of the variation of their bite rate. Although vigilance caused a reduction in bite rate when at a feeding station, the impalas reduced the relative costs of vigilance by continuing chewing and processing their food when scanning for predators. 4. When predators were in the vicinity, the impalas increased their exclusive vigilance (high-cost vigilance) but not their vigilance while chewing (low-cost vigilance) and decreased their bite rate while their step rate and the number of bites per feeding station did not change significantly. The impalas were thus visually disconnected from their patch, and reduced their bite rate when actually foraging. Exclusive vigilance increased when both lions and hyaenas were in the vicinity, and when wild dogs were nearby. 5. Patterns of vigilance that altered bite rate were linked to the presence of predators during the previous 24h. Over the long term patch quality was the main determinant of the feeding parameters (step rate and bite rate). This study shows how predators, by affecting the time prey devote to predator detection, shape the functional adjustments of food acquisition by prey to local patch quality.
Citizen-Centric Public Service Satisfaction During Pandemic Outbreak: A Measurement Model

Citizen-centricity satisfaction is a recent phenomenon spreading around the world. It is of growing interest to scholars and many papers are focused on this area. This paper aims at revealing factor that predict a citizen satisfaction during pandemic outbreak in public service delivery. A massive number of theories and past scholars have carried out studies on the factors influencing citizen satisfaction, which resulted in a list containing large volume of variables. There was a need to generalize factors that capable to form a universal citizen satisfaction model. This research utilizing citizen-centric demands of transformational government model as the theoretical foundation in citizen satisfaction in public service context. 346 citizens conveniently were selected as respondents, at the same time as information become amassed via online surveys. The information become then analyzed via the use of AMOS software. The structural equation modelling (SEM) was executed to develop the measurement model. The results exhibit that goodness of fit, construct reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity achieved the overall fitness threshold to model citizen satisfaction. This research contributes to shed light on the literature via examining the elements of citizen-centric demands of transformational government model namely openness, responsiveness, transparency and participation in citizen satisfaction.
Influence of LiDAR Point Cloud Density in the Geometric Characterization of Rooftops for Solar Photovoltaic Studies in Cities

The use of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data for the definition of the 3D geometry of roofs has been widely exploited in recent years for its posterior application in the field of solar energy. Point density in LiDAR data is an essential characteristic to be taken into account for the accurate estimation of roof geometry: area, orientation and slope. This paper presents a comparative study between LiDAR data of different point densities: 0.5, 1, 2 and 14 points/m2 for the measurement of the area of roofs of residential and industrial buildings. The data used for the study are the LiDAR data freely available by the Spanish Institute of Geography (IGN), which is offered according to the INSPIRE Directive. The results obtained show different behaviors for roofs with an area below and over 200 m2. While the use of low-density point clouds (0.5 point/m2) presents significant errors in the estimation of the area, the use of point clouds with higher density (1 or 2 points/m2) implies a great improvement in the area results, with no significant difference among them. The use of high-density point clouds (14 points/m2) also implies an improvement of the results, although the accuracy does not increase in the same ratio as the increase in density regarding 1 or 2 points/m2. Thus, the conclusion reached is that the geometrical characterization of roofs requires data acquisition with point density of 1 or 2 points/m2, and that higher point densities do not improve the results with the same intensity as they increase computation time.
USING MACHINE LEARNING TO PREDICT THE NEXT PURCHASE DATE FOR AN INDIVIDUAL RETAIL CUSTOMER

Targeted marketing has become more popular over the last few years, and knowing when a customer will require a product can be of enormous value to a company. However, predicting this is a difficult task. This paper reports on a study that investigates predicting when a customer will buy fast-moving retail products, by using machine learning techniques. This is done by analysing the purchase history of a customer at participating retailers. These predictions will be used to personalise discount offers to customers when they are about to purchase items. Such offers will be delivered on the mobile devices of participating customers and, ultimately, physical, general paper-based marketing will be reduced.