Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Barroom Blitz: Competing Neural Underliers of Impulsive Aggressive Phenotype Have Different Implications in Antisocial Personality Disorder

The DSM-V diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) focus on indicators of impulsive aggressive phenotype (IAP), such as reckless, aggressive, or law-breaking behavior (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). However, concentrating primarily on behavioral data casts a wide diagnostic net, enabling criteria to describe various individuals with little in common aside from a history of rule-breaking (Hare, Hart, & Harpur, 1991). Other diagnoses, including borderline personality disorder (BPD) and intermittent explosive disorder (IED), and clinical constructs, such as psychopathy, are associated with and often comorbid with ASPD, due to some shared symptoms of IAP, although the three clinical constructs differ in many ways (APA, 2013; Lenzenweger, Lane, Loranger, & Kessler, 2007). Due to the poor discriminant validity of ASPD criteria, these clinical populations are at risk of conflation under the ASPD umbrella due to shared IAP, with little consideration that underlying factors and other symptoms may differ and thus have different clinical implications. This review describes distinguishing structural and functional neural traits of psychopathy, BPD, and IED and discusses how these differences produce distinct subjective experiences contributing to IAP. The article additionally discusses potential harmful consequences of failure to differentiate these clinical populations, including heterogenous research populations that yield nongeneralizable results, limited or inappropriate treatment of some psychiatric patients, and general mischaracterization of the disorders (Hare, 1996; Hare et al., 1991). To illustrate these differences, the paper includes an entertaining thought exercise involving a dispute amongst three very different, but equally aggressive, characters at their local pub.
Decoding Norovirus Infection in Crohn's Disease

Abstract:Although a causing viral infectious agent remains untraceable in Crohn's disease, most recent genome-wide association studies have linked the FUT2 W143X mutation (resulting in asymptomatic norovirus infection) with the pathogenesis of Crohn's ileitis and with vitamin B12 deficiency (i.e., a known risk factor for Crohn's disease with ileal involvement). In line with these findings, host variations in additional genes involved in host response to norovirus infection (such as ATG16L1 and NOD2) predispose humans to Crohn's ileitis. One may therefore presume that asymptomatic norovirus infection may contribute to disruption of the stability of the gut microbiota leading to Crohn's ileitis. These paradigms highlight not only the need to revisit the potential transmissibility of Crohn's disease, but also potential safety issues of forthcoming clinical trials on human probiotic infusions in Crohn's ileitis by rigorous donors screening program.
'Who's next? Speaker-selection mechanisms in multiparty dialogue'

Participants in conversations have a wide range of verbal and nonverbal expressions at their disposal to signal their intention to occupy the speaker role. This paper addresses two main questions: (1) How do dialogue participants signal their intention to have the next turn, and (2) What aspects of a participant’s behaviour are perceived as signals to determine who should be the next speaker? Our observations show that verbal signals, gaze redirection, lips movements, and posture shifts can be reliably used to signal turn behaviour. Other cues, e.g. head movements, should be used in combination with other signs in order to be successfully interpreted as turn-obtaining acts.
Myoblast transfer in duchenne muscular dystrophy

One biceps muscle of 8 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was injected at 55 sites with a total of 55 million viable, purified, and contamination‐free normal myoblasts (myoblast transfer). The other biceps of each patient was injected with a placebo to serve as a control. The procedure was blinded to the patients, parents, and investigators. Myoblasts derived from a biopsy specimen of the fathers were cultured and purified under strict conditions and carefully screened for microbial contamination. All patients received cyclophosphamide for immunosuppression for 6 or 12 months. No serious complications were observed after myoblast transfer, indicating that the procedure is safe. The overall therapeutic efficiency of myoblast transfer was poor as judged by the results in maximal voluntary force generation, dystrophin content of the muscle, magnetic resonance imaging of the muscle, and the lack of donor‐derived DNA and dystrophin messenger RNA in the injected muscle. An improved efficiency of the take of myoblasts might be achieved by using younger cells and injecting the myoblasts with a myonecrotic agent (to increase the prevalence of regeneration) and a basal laminal fenestrating agent.
A Classification of Intrusion Detection Systems in the Cloud

: Security is one of the most prominent challenges that hinder the acceleration of cloud adoption. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) can be used to increase the security level of cloud environments. Therefore, the e ﬀ ectiveness of the IDS is a crucial issue for cloud security. However, the cloud presents new challenges and requirements, including scalability and adaptability, which e ﬀ ective IDSs need to address. Choosing the right deployment architecture signiﬁcantly impacts the e ﬀ ectiveness of IDSs in the cloud. Additionally, robust IDSs need novel detection techniques to keep up with modern sophisticated attacks that target cloud environments. Hence, it is important to understand the advantages and limitations of di ﬀ erent IDSs and how the deployment choice in cloud environments impacts the IDSs’ e ﬀ ectiveness. This paper presents a novel classiﬁcation scheme of the state-of-the-art of intrusion detection approaches in the cloud. This classiﬁcation sheds light on the existing approaches with respect to the following aspects: deployment architecture and detection technique. We ﬁrst classify the existing approaches based on their deployment architectures. Then, we present a comparative analysis of these approaches with respect to the detection techniques. We also provide detailed analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches. The classiﬁcation and analysis will help in the selection of the proper deployment architectures and detection techniques of IDSs in cloud environments.
Live migration of virtual network functions in cloud-based edge networks

Emerging network paradigms, such as Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization, represent the key enablers for efficient and cost-effective deployment and management of cloud-based edge networks, where a number of cooperating virtual machines can implement the tasks traditionally performed by expensive and disrupting network middleboxes. A key feature in such a scenario is the capability of live migrating a group of correlated virtual machines as a single entity representing a customer's profile. Multiple VM live migration is a topic that has not been thoroughly studied in the literature. This manuscript presents a relatively simple model that can be used to derive some performance indicators, such as the whole service downtime and the total migration time, and allows to properly design the cloud-based edge network. The model is used to compare some simple scheduling strategies for the VM migration and to provide guidelines to such implementation.
MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF PAIRING SUCCESS, EXTRA‐PAIR COPULATIONS AND MATE QUALITY ON THE OPPORTUNITY FOR SEXUAL SELECTION

Sexual selection can act through variation in the number of social mates obtained, variation in mate quality, or variation in success at obtaining extra‐pair fertilizations. Because within‐pair fertilizations (WPF) and extra‐pair fertilizations (EPF) are alternate routes of reproduction, they are additive, rather than multiplicative, components of fitness. We present a method for partitioning total variance in reproductive success (a measure of the opportunity for selection) when fitness components are both additive and multiplicative and use it to partition the variance into components that correspond to each mechanism of sexual selection. Computer simulations show that extra‐pair fertilizations can either increase or decrease total variance, depending on the covariance between within‐pair and extra‐pair success. Simulations also suggest that for socially monogamous species, extra‐pair fertilizations have a greater effect than variation in mate quality or pairing status on the opportunity for selection. Application of our model to data gathered for a population of red‐winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) indicates that most of the variance in male reproductive success was attributable to within‐pair sources of variance. Nevertheless, extra‐pair copulations increased the opportunity for selection because males varied both in the proportion of their social young that they sired and in the number of extra‐pair mates that they obtained. Furthermore, large and positive covariances existed between the number of extra‐pair mates a male obtained and both social pairing success and within‐pair paternity, indicating that, in this population, males preferred as social mates also were preferred as extra‐pair mates.
Changes of voltage-gated sodium channels in sensory nerve regeneration and neuropathic pain models.

PURPOSE The present study was conducted to determine changes in the expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) α-subunits after nerve injury and their relation with development of neuropathic pain. METHODS We used the crush injury model of regeneration of the sciatic nerve (Crush) and the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain in the rat. Measurements of thermal and mechanical pain thresholds were performed until 3 months after injury. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry of VGSC α-subunits were used to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression in the DRG. RESULTS Both nerve injuries induced similar alterations in the VGSCs expression at 7 dpi, with upregulation of Nav1.3, and downregulation of Nav1.7, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9. These changes persisted until 28 days, when hyperalgesia was still present in SNI but not in Crush rats. At 90 days, mRNA expression of all analyzed α-subunits returned to basal levels in the Crush group. However, SNI rats still showed altered expression of VGSCs, and neuropathic pain responses. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 were widely expressed in IB4-positive neurons of the DRG, relevant in pain processing. The population of neurons coexpressing each α-subunit and IB4 was also affected by the injury, more markedly after the Crush. CONCLUSION Shifts in VGSCs expression occur in parallel to neuropathic pain behavior in rats early after injury, while at later times they appear to be more related to sensory nerve degeneration and regeneration processes.
Institutional and Individual Autonomy: Investigating Predictors of Attitudes toward Institutional Care in China

This study examines the institutional and attitudinal changes in elder care homes in Tianjin, China. Based on a survey conducted in 2001 with 61 elder home managers and 265 elder residents, this study examines 1) factors that influence elder home managers' views about elder home development and 2) elders' evaluation of elder home quality and their levels of willingness to stay in such homes. Findings show that elder home managers view their autonomy in financing and administration as a very important factor for future development of an elder home industry. Elders' overall evaluation of elder home quality was high. Elders' willingness to stay in elder homes was related to two factors: their living arrangements prior to elder home placement and their assessment of the cost involved for such care. This suggests that the limited level of autonomy in private elder home administration and financing is hindering the development of elder homes. As adult children become increasingly unavailable due to the one-child policy and geographic mobility, institutional care for aging parents is likely to become a major option for familial care in China. The government should grant greater autonomy to private elder homes in order to encourage elder home development.
Analysis of Problems and Solution to Usage of ICT Components among Frontline Extension Agents in Nigeria

Generally, the various available ICT components/devices include the following: Radio, Television, Multi-media systems (VCDs, DVDs, VHS, Over-head projectors), Telephones (Land-lines and Mobile phones), Internet (Emailing, Web-browsing, telephoning), Computers and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). Others include: Media Players (MP 2, 3 & 4), Geographic Information System (GIS), Geographic Position System (GPS), Cable Satellite, online Newspapers, e-Books, journals, tablet systems (e.g. ipads, Galaxy Tabs) and smart phones. In a wider sense, it includes such tools as: Internet, e-learning technologies, CD ROMs, CDs, DVDs, etc).
Conformation and interactions of uteroglobin fragments 4–14 and 49–65 in aqueous solution containing surfactant micelles

The conformation of two fragments of rabbit uteroglobin is described. The peptides are PRFAHVIENLL and PQTTRENIMKLTEKIVK, corresponding to helices I and IV in the crystal structure. CD shows that both peptides interact with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles and change their conformation to an α‐helix. The helical content estimated from the CD band at 222 nm is about 40% in each peptide. Surface tension measurements show that both peptides lower the critical micellar concentration (cmc) of SDS, with a more dramatic effect in the case of helix I. This peptide by itself acts as a surfactant, and is able to interact with SDS even below the observed cmc, forming β aggregates. Proton magnetic resonance (1H‐nmr) suggests that flexible helices are present. The longest helical stretches compatible with 1H‐nmr data extend from Phe6 to Leu14 for helix I and from Arg53 to Ile63 for helix IV. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Attendance at a psychological support group for people with multiple sclerosis and low mood

Purpose: A cognitive behavioural group promoting psychological adjustment for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) was found to reduce psychological distress. Not all those offered treatment attended the group sessions. The aims were to examine the rates of attendance and to evaluate feedback from participants. Method: Participants with MS and low mood were recruited to a randomized trial comparing attendance at a psychological support group with a usual care control group. The attendance at each session was determined and those who attended were compared with those who failed to attend using a Mann–Whitney U-test or chi-squared. A sample of participants completed a telephone feedback questionnaire to determine their views of the group. Results: The 44 participants who attended four or more sessions were not significantly different from the 28 who attended fewer than four sessions on demographic variables, disability, self-efficacy or quality of life, but significantly fewer men attended than women (p = 0.03). Participants’ feedback from the group was mainly positive, and no factors were identified associated with non-attendance. Conclusions: Men were less likely to attend group treatment sessions than women, but no other variables were associated with non-attendance. Attendance rates influence the effectiveness of interventions and reasons for non-attendance need to be determined. Implications for Rehabilitation Not all people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and low mood offered psychological support will attend group sessions. Women are more likely to attend psychological support groups for people with MS than men. In clinical practice it may be possible to adjust the membership of groups to increase attendance more than in randomized trials.
Structuring large real-time systems with performance polymorphism

Sophisticated and flexible real-time systems may use several versions of a program fragment that performs a particular computation. These versions differ only in their performance parameters, such as the time required, the resources consumed, and the precision of the results. A model is presented of performance polymorphism, whereby the process of selecting a version from the available set is automated. The binding problem for this new model of polymorphism and the problem of allocating resources among computations that all support performance polymorphisms are discussed. <<ETX>>
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ketorolac Following Single Intranasal and Intramuscular Administration in Healthy Volunteers

Ketorolac was administered to 15 healthy volunteers in a phase 1, single‐dose, crossover, randomized study. Subjects received open‐label randomized 15‐ and 30‐mg intramuscular (IM) ketorolac and blinded randomized 15‐ and 30‐mg intranasal (IN) ketorolac. The IN ketorolac was well tolerated; the only nasal symptoms were some instances of mild irritation. The IN ketorolac was rapidly and well absorbed (median tmax, 0.50–0.75 hours), and the half‐life was approximately 5 to 6 hours, values that were similar to those following IM administration. Relative bioavailability of IN compared to IM administration at the same doses was approximately 67% to 75%. Dose proportionality was noted between the 15‐ and 30‐mg IN and IM dose levels. Thus, IN ketorolac offers a therapeutic alternative to IM administration and may provide benefits in the clinical setting.
Motor cortex electrical stimulation promotes axon outgrowth to brain stem and spinal targets that control the forelimb impaired by unilateral corticospinal injury

We previously showed that electrical stimulation of motor cortex (M1) after unilateral pyramidotomy in the rat increased corticospinal tract (CST) axon length, strengthened spinal connections, and restored forelimb function. Here, we tested: (i) if M1 stimulation only increases spinal axon length or if it also promotes connections to brain stem forelimb control centers, especially magnocellular red nucleus; and (ii) if stimulation‐induced increase in axon length depends on whether pyramidotomy denervated the structure. After unilateral pyramidotomy, we electrically stimulated the forelimb area of intact M1, to activate the intact CST and other corticofugal pathways, for 10 days. We anterogradely labeled stimulated M1 and measured axon length using stereology. Stimulation increased axon length in both the spinal cord and magnocellular red nucleus, even though the spinal cord is denervated by pyramidotomy and the red nucleus is not. Stimulation also promoted outgrowth in the cuneate and parvocellular red nuclei. In the spinal cord, electrical stimulation caused increased axon length ipsilateral, but not contralateral, to stimulation. Thus, stimulation promoted outgrowth preferentially to the sparsely corticospinal‐innervated and impaired side. Outgrowth resulted in greater axon density in the ipsilateral dorsal horn and intermediate zone, resembling the contralateral termination pattern. Importantly, as in spinal cord, increase in axon length in brain stem also was preferentially directed towards areas less densely innervated by the stimulated system. Thus, M1 electrical stimulation promotes increases in corticofugal axon length to multiple M1 targets. We propose the axon length change was driven by competition into an adaptive pattern resembling lost connections.
Effects of the use of mechanical ventilation weaning protocol in the Coronary Care Unit: randomized study.

OBJECTIVE To compare mechanical ventilation weaning based on a protocol using the spontaneous breathing trial against mechanical ventilation weaning without a standardized protocol in heart patients. METHODS Prospective, open, randomized study. In 2006, 36 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for over 24 hours were randomized into two groups: control group - eighteen patients whose mechanical ventilation weaning was performed according to the different procedures adopted by the multidisciplinary team; and experimental group - eighteen patients weaned according to previously established protocol. RESULTS Control group patients started the weaning process sooner than experimental group patients (74.7 ± 14.7 hours vs. 185.7 ± 22.9 hours, P=0.0004). However, after the experimental group patients were ready for weaning, the extubation was carried out more rapidly than in the control group (149.1 ± 3.6 min vs. 4179.1 ± 927.8 min, P < 0.0001) with significantly lower reintubation rates (16.7% vs. 66.7%, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION The use of a specific protocol based on the spontaneous breathing trial for mechanical ventilation weaning in heart patients had better outcomes than weaning carried out without a standardized protocol, with shorter weaning times and lower reintubation rates.
Photoluminescence Behavior of Ti-Doped Zn2SiO4 Thin Film Phosphors

This work investigates the luminescent properties and structure of Zn2SiO4:Ti thin-film phosphor, before and after annealing up to 1000C. The Zn2SiO4:Ti films are fabricated by RF sputtering using ceramic target. After annealing at 800C the β-Zn2SiO4 phase is formed, but this phase is not suitable for the application in electroluminescence. The willemite structure (α-Zn2SiO4) is formed after annealing at 900C or higher temperature. Concurrently, the Zn-O-Si bonding is observed by XPS analysis and it corresponds to the willemite structure. A broad PL peak locates at 386 nm is observed for the 700C annealed Zn2SiO4:Ti film. However, three PL peaks, centered at 380 nm, 398 nm and 402 nm, can be observed in the 900C annealed sample. All films exhibit a high transmission (>80%) in the visible spectrum, either before or after annealing.
Kinetic mechanism of Nicotiana tabacum myosin‐11 defines a new type of a processive motor

The 175‐kDa myosin‐11 from Nicotiana tabacum (Nt175kDamyosin‐11) is exceptional in its mechanical activity as it is the fastest known processive actin‐based motor, moving 10 times faster than the structurally related class 5 myosins. Although this ability might be essential for long‐range organelle transport within larger plant cells, the kinetic features underlying the fast processive movement of Nt175kDamyosin‐11 still remain unexplored. To address this, we generated a single‐headed motor domain construct and carried out a detailed kinetic analysis. The data demonstrate that Nt175kDamyosin‐11 is a highduty ratio motor, which remains associated with actin most of its enzymatic cycle. However, different from other processive myosins that establish a high duty ratio on the basis of a rate‐limiting ADP‐release step, Nt175kDamyosin‐11 achieves a high duty ratio by a prolonged duration of the ATP‐induced isomerization of the actin‐bound states and ADP release kinetics, both of which in terms of the corresponding time constants approach the total ATPase cycle time. Molecular modeling predicts that variations in the charge distribution of the actin binding interface might contribute to the thermodynamic fine‐tuning of the kinetics of this myosin. Our study unravels a new type of a high duty ratio motor and provides important insights into the molecular mechanism of processive movement of higher plant myosins. —Diensthuber, R. P., Tominaga, M. , Preller, M. , Hartmann, F. K. , Orii, H. , Chizhov, I. , Oiwa, K. , Tsiavaliaris, G. , Kinetic mechanism of Nicotiana tabacum myosin‐11 defines a new type of a processive motor. FASEB J. 29, 81–94 (2015). www.fasebj. org
The aetiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease

Agents potentially involved in the aetiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease are discussed. These include factors regulating dopaminergic neurogenesis (Nurr 1, Ptx-3, and Lmx1b) and related proteins, together with genes involved in familial Parkinson's disease (α synuclein, parkin, and ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydroxylase L1), and endogenous and environmental agents.