Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technical note: fiducial markers for correlation of whole-specimen histopathology with MR imaging at 7 tesla.

PURPOSE There is increasing interest in the registration of 3-D histopathology with 3-D in vivo imaging, for example, to validate tumor boundary delineation for targeted radiation cancer therapy. However, accurate correlation is compromised by tissue distortion induced by histopathological processing. Reference landmarks that are visible in both data sets are required. In this study, two iridescent acrylic paints, "Bronze" (containing iron oxide coated mica particles) and "Stainless Steel" (containing iron, chromium, and nickel), were evaluated for creating MRI-visible and histology-visible fiducial markers at 7 T, where resolution is more similar to histology, but artifacts are accentuated. Furthermore, a straight-line paint-track fiducial method was developed to assist in registration and 3-D histopathology reconstruction. METHODS First, the paints were injected into ex vivo porcine tissue samples, which were MR imaged prefixation and postfixation, and subsequently prepared for hematoxylin and eosin staining to verify stability through histopathological processing. Second, the severity of marker susceptibility artifacts produced was compared while using spin-echo and gradient-echo MRI pulse sequences. Finally, multiple paint tracks were injected prefixation through an ex vivo canine prostate sample to validate the potential for line-based registration between MR images of prefixation and postfixation tissue and whole mount histology slides. RESULTS The Stainless Steel paint produced excessive susceptibility artifacts and image distortion, while the Bronze paint created stable and appropriate markers in MRI and histology. The Bronze paint produced artifacts approximately three times larger in gradient-echo than in spin-echo MR images. Finally, the paint-track fiducials were visible in the prefixation and postfixation MRI and on whole mount histology. CONCLUSIONS The Bronze iridescent acrylic paint is appropriate for fiducial marker creation in MRI at 7 T. The straight-line paint-track fiducials may assist 3-D histopathology reconstruction and can provide important information on the deformation effects of fixation, and hence may improve registration accuracy.
In vivo toxicity and pulmonary effects of promazine and chlorpromazine in rats.

Cationic amphiphilic drugs induce a phospholipid storage disorder known as phospholipidosis. Halogenated analogs of the drugs are more potent inducers of phospholipidosis when compared to nonhalogenated analogs. Two such antipsychotic drugs, promazine and chlorpromazine, are effectively taken up by the lungs and induce lamellar inclusions in vitro. We compared the in vivo toxicity and efficacy of promazine and chlorpromazine to induce phospholipidosis in the lung and in pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given promazine or chlorpromazine (25 mg/kg/day, P.O., in water) for 5 weeks. Food intake was decreased in promazine- and chlorpromazine-treated rats, chlorpromazine rats being affected more than promazine rats. To minimize experimental error due to starvation, control rats were pair-fed. The body weight gain was decreased in chlorpromazine rats in comparison to pair-fed controls. Chlorpromazine-treated rats, but not promazine-treated rats, showed increased mortality over the 5-week treatment period. Histopathologic examination of lung revealed loss of alveolar macrophages with no other gross abnormalities in chlorpromazine-treated rats. Quantitative analysis of lung lavage also showed significant reduction in the number of macrophages. This finding is in contrast to other cationic amphiphilic drugs, which induce phospholipidosis as well as accumulation of alveolar macrophages. Phospholipid level increased in alveolar macrophages but not in lavaged lung following chlorpromazine treatment. Acid phosphatase activity in lavaged lung homogenate and macrophages of promazine- and chlorpromazine-treated rats, taken as an index of toxicity to cells, did not differ significantly from control rats. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Upper middle class adult expectations about entering the sick role for physical and psychiatric dysfunctions.

Apparently healthy, well educated adults between 25 and 64 would expect to try to cope with psychophysical and psychosocial health conditions by themselves prior to seeking professional help. The object of these coping activities, i.e., symptom relief or elimination of the cause, varies with the manifestation of the condition and the explicitness of pathology. This suggests that different manifestations of dysfunction require different approaches to health education, and that attention should be paid both to what is unclear about the meaning of the condition and to the consequences of clarification of any one point. Moreover, it suggests that the upper middle class is a target group for health education which takes into consideration their strong feeling of responsibility for coping with conditions by themselves.
Points classification for non-rigid structure from motion

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Clinical findings in congenital absence of the vasa deferentia

Summary. In a clinical study, 105 patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) and 18 with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens (CUAVD) were investigated. CUAVD was observed on the left side in 66%. Renal agenesis was more frequent in CUAVD (73.7%) than in CBAVD (11.8%). The leading signs of CBAVD are low pH level (average 6.5) and low volume of the ejaculate (average 0.95 ml). Testicular biopsies of 52 patients revealed normal spermatogenesis or hypospermatogenesis (33% in CBAVD; 45% in CUAVD). Genetic probing and counselling concerning cystic fibrosis are necessary if extracorporal microfertilization is considered. The absence of the vas deferens was often overlooked by the first investigator, the average time until correct diagnosis being 4.3 years. As artificial reproduction technology becomes more common, detection of vasal agenesis will certainly be made earlier and more frequently in the future. In order to assure compatibility of subsequent prospective studies about CBAVD and CUAVD, the following investigations are considered to be necessary: (i) semen analysis (pH, volume); (ii) renal ultrasonography or excretory urogram (screening for renal agenesis); (iii) genetic cystic fibrosis screening.
Breaking the Silence

Little is known about the psychosocial effects of facial disfigurement. We present the results of a qualitative study following 15 patients who had been surgically treated for head, neck, or eye cancer over the course of their first postoperative year. Taped nurse–patient conversations and individual interviews were analyzed using the grounded theory method. The findings revealed that the main concern of the patients was feeling isolated, which was resolved using a process of interactional integration. Interactional integration begins by breaking the silence to enable the progression from a disfigured person to a person with a disfigurement. The model explains the process of adjustment and demonstrates various elements that could be used in interventions targeting patients who experience psychosocial problems.
The Use of Mobility Devices Among Institutionalized Older Adults

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to examine the demographic, health, and social characteristics of mobility device users in long-term care settings. Methods: Data were used from a recently institutionalized sample of older adults from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with the use of different mobility devices (cane, walker, or wheelchair). Results: Over 70% used mobility aids (over 50% used a wheelchair). Mobility limitations were strongly associated with the use of mobility devices. However, among those with mobility limitations, educational resources reduced the odds of wheelchair use. Conclusions: Consistent with findings from the community setting, need factors are strongly associated with the use of mobility aids in institutions. However, socioeconomic resources may provide older adults with alternate ways to manage mobility limitations in institutional settings.
Nuclear lamins: their structure, assembly, and interactions.

Nuclear lamins are intermediate filament-type proteins that are the major building blocks of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous proteinaceous meshwork underlying the inner nuclear membrane. Lamins can also be localized in the nuclear interior, in a diffuse or spotted pattern. Nuclei assembled in vitro in the absence of lamins are fragile, indicating that lamins mechanically stabilize the cell nucleus. Available evidence also indicates a role for lamins in DNA replication, chromatin organization, spatial arrangement of nuclear pore complexes, nuclear growth, and anchorage of nuclear envelope proteins. In this review we summarize the current state of knowledge on the structure, assembly, and possible functional roles of nuclear lamins, emphasizing the information concerning the ability of nuclear lamins to self-assemble into distinct oligomers and polymers.
Arquitecturas dos sistemas de informação: uma comparação de abordagens

Mais de duas decadas apos a sua introducao nos Sistemas de Informacao (SI) continua a ser relevante falar e aplicar as arquitecturas dos SI nas organizacoes. A este facto nao e alheio o reconhecimento da importância e criticidade das arquitecturas dos SI para o sucesso dos Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao (SI/TI) nas organizacoes. Neste contexto, este artigo para alem de reflectir sobre os tipos de arquitecturas nos SI, sua aplicabilidade e utilidade para as organizacoes, pretende fazer uma comparacao entre as principais abordagens para a construcao das arquitecturas dos SI.
The Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Unanticipated Admissions in Outpatient Surgery

The goal of this study was to determine whether the preoperative diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for perioperative complications in patients undergoing nonotorhinolaryngologic outpatient surgical procedures. We used existing databases to identify 234 patients with polysomnography-confirmed OSA who had outpatient surgical procedures in the years 1997 through 2000. Control patients were matched for type of anesthesia, age, sex, body mass index, surgical procedure, and surgical date. Their perioperative medical records were reviewed. There was no significant difference in the intraoperative management of OSA and control patients, except that the laryngeal mask airway was less likely to be used in OSA patients. There was no significant difference in the rate of unplanned hospital admissions (23.9% versus 18.8%; odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.8–2.5) or other adverse events (2.1% versus 1.3%; odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.4–7.0) between OSA and non-OSA patients. Further, when admission did occur, it was generally unrelated to cardiac or respiratory events. In this retrospective analysis, the preoperative diagnosis of OSA was not a risk factor for either unanticipated hospital admission or for other adverse events among patients undergoing outpatient surgical procedures in a tertiary referral center.
Diagnostic Value of Systemic Cholesteryl Ester/Free Cholesterol Ratio in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) most commonly occurs in the setting of liver cirrhosis which is characterized by low serum lipids. We hypothesized that composition of lipoproteins and consequently lipid species ratios are mostly unchanged in patients with cirrhosis compared to controls. This approach may be appropriate to identify lipid ratios altered in HCC irrespective of liver dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS Lipids were measured in serum of 21 patients with HCC, 41 patients with liver cirrhosis and 22 controls. Ratios of lipids known to be changed in HCC tissues were calculated. RESULTS Ratios of polyunsaturated to mono-unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholine, ceramide/sphingomyelin and cholesteryl ester/free cholesterol were changed in HCC compared to both control cohorts. The latter was most suited to diagnosing HCC. Systemic ratios of these lipid classes were not associated with fibrosis, staging or grade in patients with HCC. CONCLUSION The cholesteryl ester/free cholesterol ratio is comparable in controls and patients with cirrhosis, but is specifically increased in patients with HCC.
Absorption of magnesium from orally administered magnesium sulfate in man.

The use of magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt) as a cathartic in patients with impaired renal function can lead to severe toxicity due to hypermagnesemia. Although toxicity is uncommon in healthy subjects, little is known concerning the extent of absorption of magnesium after a cathartic dose of magnesium sulfate. The bioavailability of magnesium following a large oral dose of magnesium sulfate in normal volunteers was examined in the present investigation. Baseline 24-hour urinary excretion rates of magnesium and creatinine were determined over 3 consecutive days in 6 healthy men. The oral administration of 13.9 g (56.5 mmoles) magnesium sulfate U.S.P., in 4 equal hourly increments, resulted in the urinary excretion (corrected for baseline excretion rate) of 4.0 +/- 2.9% (mean +/- SD) of the dose of magnesium during the first 24 hours and 6.9 +/- 7.0% of the dose during a 72-hour interval. Magnesium sulfate administration had no effect on the 24-hour urinary excretion rate of creatinine. The baseline excretion rate of magnesium was significantly correlated with that of creatinine (r = 0.875) and inorganic sulfate (r = 0.921). All of the subjects experienced mild or moderate diarrhea. Therefore, magnesium is absorbed to a limited and variable extent in healthy adults following a cathartic dose of magnesium sulfate.
Concentration Measurements in Ionic Liquid–Water Mixtures by Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy and Indirect Hard Modeling

An analytical method for the quantitative characterization of binary mixtures of water and ionic liquids (ILs) is presented. Mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy in combination with indirect hard modeling (IHM) is employed to quantify the water content in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl), 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate (DMIMDMP), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc). Despite significant nonlinear shifts of the spectral bands, a good spectral fit with calibration errors of less than 2.3 wt % can be achieved almost over the whole concentration range. A profound analysis of the spectral models including peak assignment substantiates the physico-chemical foundation of the spectral models. Furthermore, the shift of peak functions in the spectral models is shown to provide a measure of molecular interaction in IL–water mixtures, which can also be utilized quantitatively. The vibrational bands of the water dipole reveal differences in the strength of hydrogen bonding with water in the IL studied. These properties of the spectral hard models demonstrate their quantitative analytical potential and set the stage for multiway calibration in comprehensive reaction monitoring in these highly interacting mixtures of IL and water.
Lymphocyte Survival: A Red Queen Hypothesis

A pool of immune cells lies apparently dormant in the body, ready to become activated if awakened by a foreign antigen. In a Perspective Freitas and Rocha discuss the new finding (reported on page 1986 of this issue) that in fact these cells are waiting quite actively, kept in a receptive state by the presence of a transcription factor, LKLF.
Describing MOOC-based Hybrid initiatives : The H-MOOC Framework

Several studies have described different hybrid initiatives to integrate MOOCs into traditional higher education. Most of these studies have partially documented students’ perception on hybrid initiatives, measuring course satisfaction among other metrics. Few researchers have reported institutional efforts implied in implementing hybrid initiatives and their benefits from a curriculum perspective. This paper presents H-MOOC, a framework that describes hybrid MOOC-based initiatives as a continuum of two factors: (1) institutional effort, and (2) curriculum alignment. H-MOOC facilitates the comparison of different hybrid MOOC-based initiatives by suggesting Key Performance Indicators to measure their impact at an institutional level. Different hybrid initiatives in the literature are analyzed to illustrate how H-MOOC works. An actual case study on a course on Calculus is presented as empirical evidence of its use.
Somatic Comorbidity of Addicts

Abstract The aim of this prospective study was to examine the severity and character of somatic comorbidity when addicted patients were admitted to hospital for detoxification. The study was conducted at a university-based psychiatric clinic. Somatic comorbidity was registered by laboratory, radiological and electrocardiographic parameters and by the amount of non-psychiatric consultations. Besides the number of patients with dual diagnosis interpreted as combination of addictive and psychiatric diseases was registered. A total of 111 consecutive patients (32 women) was divided into patients with alcohol dependence and patients with other addictive diseases including polydrug abuse and opiate dependence. Patients with alcohol dependence were characterized by an elevated heart rate and higher values for ? -glutamyltransferase. No significant differences between groups could be found for the rate corrected QT interval and cardiothoracic ratio. Although viral liver disease was diagnosed in both groups patients with a history of injecting drug use were at greatest risk for hepatitis C. About one-third of all patients required consultant non-psychiatric treatment. Concomitant heart and pulmonary diseases were more pronounced in the alcohol dependence group. The findings emphasize that hospitalization of addicted patients yields relevant somatic morbidity which has an impact on cost and requires medically supervised detoxification programs.
A leukemic presentation of a "triple-hit" lymphoma.

[Figure][1] A 70-year-old man was diagnosed with stage IVA follicular lymphoma grade 1 in 2005. He initially received rituximab treatment in 2006. In the next 5 years, he was enrolled in several clinical trials including Zevalin radioimmunotherapy in 2007. He was recently admitted due to a
HIV-Associated Oral Lesions in HIV-Seropositive Patients at an HIV Treatment Clinic in South Africa

Introduction: Oral lesions may be the first indicator of HIV infection or of HIV-disease progression. Few studies have characterized oral lesions in HIV-seropositive South Africans receiving HAART. This aim of this study is to define the prevalence of HIV-associated oral lesions in a South African population sample and to investigate the relationship between these lesions and gender, age, CD4+ T-cell count, neutrophil count, viral load, type of HAART, and alcohol and tobacco use. Methods: Four hundred and thirty five patients were interviewed and examined. Additional data was obtained from their hospital files. Descriptive statistics and Chi-squared tests with p<0.05 considered as significant, were applied. Results: Four hundred and eighteen participants (96%) were on HAART. Thirty-two (7%) had oral lesions strongly associated with HIV infection and 24 (6%) had ‘other lesions’. Some presented with multiple lesions. A total of 41 oral lesions associated with HIV infection were recorded and of these, oral candidiasis was the most common (68%). No relationships existed between the presence of oral lesions associated with HIV infection and gender, age, neutrophil count and alcohol and tobacco use. Conclusions: The prevalence of oral lesions strongly associated with HIV-infection in this study population was significantly associated with CD4+ T cell count, viral load and the type of antiretroviral treatment.
Class E Resonant Regulated DC/DC Power Converters: Analysis of Operations, and Experimental Results at 1.5 MHz

Analytical results, design considerations, and experimental results at 1.5 MHz are presented, for a novel resonant high-frequency dc/dc converter. The circuit works virtually without dynamic losses at several-MHz switching frequency. The analysis gives the permissible area of the equivalent load impedance for lossless operation, presents a model for regulation by narrow-band frequency control, and characterizes the output full-wave rectifier. Experimental data from a 1.5-MHz 40-W converter verify the results of the theoretical analysis. The measured efficiency was 85 percent.
Early specification of sensory neuron fate revealed by expression and function of neurogenins in the chick embryo.

The generation of sensory and autonomic neurons from the neural crest requires the functions of two classes of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, the Neurogenins (NGNs) and MASH-1, respectively (Fode, C., Gradwohl, G., Morin, X., Dierich, A., LeMeur, M., Goridis, C. and Guillemot, F. (1998) Neuron 20, 483-494; Guillemot, F. , Lo, L. -C. , Johnson, J. E. , Auerbach, A. , Anderson, D. J. and Joyner, A. L. (1993) Cell 75, 463-476; Ma, Q. , Chen, Z. F. , Barrantes, I. B. , de la Pompa, J. L. and Anderson, D. J. (1998 Neuron 20, 469-482). We have cloned two chick NGNs and found that they are expressed in a subset of neural crest cells early in their migration. Ectopic expression of the NGNs in vivo biases migrating neural crest cells to localize in the sensory ganglia, and induces the expression of sensory neuron-appropriate markers in non-sensory crest derivatives. Surprisingly, the NGNs can also induce the expression of multiple pan-neuronal and sensory-specific markers in the dermomyotome, a mesodermal derivative. Taken together, these data suggest that a subset of neural crest cells may already be specified for a sensory neuron fate early in migration, as a consequence of NGN expression.
Expanding the Time Frame for Advance Care Planning: Policy Considerations and Implications for Research

This paper addresses the policy challenge of comprehensive advance care planning in late life. It envisions end-of-life decision making as promoting meaningful living, even for individuals with end stage diseases. We first review the current state of end-of-life decisions based on a personal autonomy model. This is followed by a summary of our prior research about attitudes of community dwelling aged toward end-of-life decision making. Based on this data we developed a proactive and collaborative approach to end-of-life planning. This is built upon patient preferences, physician and family partnerships, and best practices regarding advance care. Expanding the time frame from advance care to future care planning (FCP) empowers patients to be better advocates for their own care. It also supports a dynamic planning orientation that focuses on living as well as possible, while providing direction for immediate end-of-life needs.