Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of an Integrated Hip Fracture Inpatient Program on Length of Stay and Costs

Background: Hip fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Co-management models pairing orthopaedic surgeons with hospitalists or geriatricians may be effective at improving processes of care and outcomes such as length of stay (LOS) and cost. We set out to determine the effect of an integrated hip fracture co-management model on LOS, cost, and process measures. Methods: We conducted a single-center pre–post study of 571 patients admitted to an academic medical center with hip fractures between January 2009 and December 2013. The group receiving an integrated medical-surgical co-management incorporating continuous improvement methodology was compared with a control population. Primary outcome was LOS. Secondary outcomes included cost per case, time to surgery, osteoporosis (OP) treatment, preoperative echocardiogram utilization, mortality, and readmission. Results: LOS decreased from 18.2 (1.1) to 11.9 (1.5) days, a reduction of 6.3 days (P < 0.001). Mean cost decreased by $4953 (P < 0.001) per case. Mean time to surgery decreased from 45.8 (66.8) to 29.7 (17.9) hours (P < 0.001). Initiation of OP treatment increased from 55.8% to 96.4% (P < 0.001). Preoperative echocardiogram use decreased from 15.8% to 9.1% (P < 0.05). There was a nonsignificant difference in mortality rate (5.0% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.06). Readmission rate remained unchanged (4.6% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.56). Conclusions: An integrated medical-surgical co-management model incorporating continuous improvement methodology was associated with reduced LOS, costs, time to surgery, and increased initiation of appropriate OP treatment. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The KeyNote Trust-Management System Version 2

This memo describes version 2 of the KeyNote trust-management system. It specifies the syntax and semantics of KeyNote `assertions', describes `action attribute' processing, and outlines the application architecture into which a KeyNote implementation can be fit. The KeyNote architecture and language are useful as building blocks for the trust management aspects of a variety of Internet protocols and services.
Constructive Estimation of Approximation for trigonometric Neural Networks

For the three-layer artificial neural networks with trigonometric weights coefficients, the upper bound and lower bound of approximating 2π-periodic pth-order Lebesgue integrable functions $L_{2\pi}^{p}$ are obtained in this paper. Theorems we obtained provide explicit equational representations of these approximating networks, the specification for their numbers of hidden-layer units, the lower bound estimation of approximation, and the essential order of approximation. The obtained results not only characterize the intrinsic property of approximation of neural networks, but also uncover the implicit relationship between the precision (speed) and the number of hidden neurons of neural networks.
Guard Files: Stabbing and Intersection Queries on Fat Spatial Objects

The design of spatial data structures has made great strides in recent years in response to the increasing importance of applications such as CAD that require great efficiency in spatial database technology and in computational geometry. The variety of spatial data structures and retrieval algorithms known suggests that it is difficult or impossible to design general purpose structures that peform well across the entire spectrum of objects to be stored and queries to be processed-generality comes at the cost of peformance and increased algorithm complexity
Poster: Exploring the integrality and separability of the Leap Motion Controller for direct manipulation 3D interaction

In this paper, we evaluate a new generation 5DOF tracker, the Leap Motion Controller, and the mouse for performing integral and separable 3D manipulation tasks in a stage lighting application. Based on the hypothesis that the Leap would outperform the mouse for the integral tasks of position and rotation while the mouse will prove better for the separable tasks of position and light intensity, as shown in a similar study by Jacob et al. [3], we designed an experiment to test this claim. Our findings did not support our hypothesis with the mouse performing significantly better both in terms of completion time and angular and position errors.
Random Colorings of a Lattice of Squares in the Plane

Square cells, tesselating the plane in a lattice arrangement, will be colored black or white by a random process. The coloring tries to imitate the appearance of cells with statistically independent colors, with black and white equally likely. Here only a relatively small initial set of cells is colored independently; the remaining colors are then determined by solving a linear recurrence equation. In this way one obtains colorings which, for some value of n, have independent colors in every set of n cells. The value of n, which depends on the recurrence equation used, can be deduced from divisibility properties of certain polynomials.
How to Schedule Elective Surgical Cases into Specific Operating Rooms to Maximize the Efficiency of Use of Operating Room Time

We considered elective case scheduling at hospitals and surgical centers at which surgeons and patients choose the day of surgery, cases are not turned away, and anesthesia and nursing staffing are adjusted to maximize the efficiency of use of operating room (OR) time. We investigated scheduling a new case into an OR by using two patient-scheduling rules: Earliest Start Time or Latest Start Time. By using several scenarios, we showed that the use of Earliest Start Time is rational economically at such facilities. Specifically, it maximizes OR efficiency when a service has nearly filled its regularly scheduled hours of OR time. However, Latest Start Time will perform better at balancing workload among services’ OR time. We then used historical case duration data from two facilities in computer simulations to investigate the effect of errors in predicting case durations on the performance of these two heuristics. The achievable incremental reduction in overtime by having perfect information on case duration versus using historical case durations was only a few minutes per OR. The differences between Earliest Start Time and Latest Start Time were also only a few minutes per OR. We conclude that for facilities at which the goals are, in order of importance, safety, patient and surgeon access to OR time, and then efficiency, few restrictions need to be placed on patient scheduling to achieve an efficient use of OR time.
An empirical test of the perceived relationship between risk and the constituents severity and probability

Purpose In methods and manuals, the product of an information security incident’s probability and severity is seen as a risk to manage. The purpose of the test described in this paper is to investigate if information security risk is perceived in this way, if decision-making style influences the perceived relationship between the three variables and if the level of information security expertise influences the relationship between the three variables. Design/methodology/approach Ten respondents assessed 105 potential information security incidents. Ratings of the associated risks were obtained independently from ratings of the probability and severity of the incidents. Decision-making style was measured using a scale inspired from the Cognitive Style Index; information security expertise was self-reported. Regression analysis was used to test the relationship between variables. Findings The ten respondents did not assess risk as the product of probability and severity, regardless of experience, expertise and decision-making style. The mean variance explained in risk ratings using an additive term is 54.0 or 38.4 per cent, depending on how risk is measured. When a multiplicative term was added, the mean variance only increased by 1.5 or 2.4 per cent. For most of the respondents, the contribution of the multiplicative term is statistically insignificant. Practical Implications The inability or unwillingness to see risk as a product of probability and severity suggests that procedural support (e.g. risk matrices) has a role to play in the risk assessment processes. Originality/value This study is the first to test if information security risk is assessed as an interaction between probability and severity using suitable scales and a within-subject design.
Clinical and genetic distinction of Schimke immuno‐osseous dysplasia and cartilage‐hair hypoplasia

Previously we had proposed that cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) and Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia (SIOD) could be caused by defects in the same biological pathway. This was based on the shared features of skeletal dysplasia, defective T cell proliferation, and impaired lymphocytic production of and responsiveness to interleukin-2 [Boerkoel et al., 2000]. We now show that these two disorders are molecularly as well as phenotypically distinct.
Ambulatory Testing for Capitation and Fee-For-Service Patients in the Same Practice Setting: Relationship to Outcomes

Previous studies of the impact of varying reimbursement incentives on physician behavior have not explored the simultaneous implications for patients' health outcomes. Using a single group of physicians who provided care for hypertensive patients with either capitation (N = 99) or fee-for-service (N = 66) health insurance plans, physicians' test-ordering behavior and patients' subsequent health outcomes were examined. After controlling for patients' age, severity of hypertension, and level of comorbidity, it was found that patients with capitation health insurance had fewer laboratory tests and lower overall charges than the fee-for-service patients, with no clinical or statistically significant differences in 1-year health outcomes, specifically blood pressure control. The study concludes that capitation can result in reduction in charges associated with management of hypertension, without apparent compromise in proximate health outcomes.
VC-DomLEM : Rule induction algorithm for variable consistency rough set approaches

We present a general rule induction algorithm based on sequential covering, suitable for variable consistency rough set approaches. This algorithm, called VC-DomLEM, can be used for both ordered and non-ordered data. In the case of ordered data, the rough set model employs dominance relation, and in the case of non-ordered data, it employs indiscernibility relation. VC-DomLEM generates a minimal set of decision rules. To this end, the following rule consistency measures are applied: 𝜖 -consistency, 𝜖 ′ -consistency, and 𝜇 -consistency. We analyze properties of induced decision rules, and discuss conditions of correct rule induction. Moreover, we show how to improve rule induction eﬃciency due to application of monotonic consistency measures.
Degradation of immobilized soluble elastin by tumor cells in culture: Quantitation by elisa

A new, sensitive assay based on the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay has been developed for measuring elastolytic activity produced by invasive and/or metastatic tumor cells in culture. Elastin peptides, obtained by treating the insoluble protein with either oxalic acid, KOH, or chymotrypsin, are adsorbed onto the surface of cell culture microtiter plastic wells, and incubated with dilution of standard proteinases or viable normal or tumor cells. The total amount of immobilized elastin peptides is revealed by the mean of specific antibodies, and detected by a microplate reader, while dose‐ and time‐dependent reduction of bound antibodies after incubation with proteases or cells is taken as a measure of elastin degradation. Adsorbed elastin has been found to be available as a substrate for purified enzymes, as well as for living melanoma cells (A2058 and B 16‐B16), c‐Ha‐ras transformed rat embryo fibroblasts, and human pulmonary macrophages, as demonstrated by the release into the culture medium of lower molecular weight digestion products. No degradation was achieved by BALB/3T3 and rat embryo control fibroblasts, and no inhibition was produced by the presence of fetal calf serum which, on the contrary, potentiated the degradation by active cells. This new method, revealing degradation of only a few nanograms of soluble elastin peptides, can be used for studying the importance in tissue invasion and metastasis of elastolytic proteinases produced by cells in culture.
Conceptualising trust in electoral behaviour in a transitional democracy : an intergenerational perspective

democracy: an intergenerational perspective Introduction With a population of 250 million people there has been significant academic interest in Indonesia’s transition from authoritarian rule to democracy. The driving force toward democratic transition was the ‘1998 reform’, which changed the election system from indirect to direct elections. However, critics of the New Order regime claimed it was a military dictatorship (Eklof, 1999) so argued not only for system change but also regime change, providing opportunities for new parties to come forward. In a transitional democracy there is evidence of instability as a wide number of parties emerge focusing on a variety of platforms, eventually they form coalitions with other parties; or find their ‘unique’ policies are taken on by larger parties; or their platform is too narrow to capture enough votes for electoral success (Duch, 2001). Therefore, in the transitional stage, information and trust are important factors for electoral decision making (Duch, 2001). Political information is an important part of the transitional democracy process as people are enthusiastic for the new political system and want to learn and engage in the democratic process. Political trust, on the other hand, is related to ethical qualities of public officials (Hosmer, 1995) and the level of trust for political actors and governmental institutions depends on the ethics and efficiency of government (Hetherington, 1998). Hence for a transitional democracy to succeed there needs to be transparency and probity in governmental activities; information; together with candidates who are seen as trustworthy.
Real-time interactive AR system for broadcasting

For live television broadcast such as the educational program for children conducted through viewer participation, the smooth integration of virtual contents and the interaction between the casts and them are quite important issues. Recently there have been many attempts to make aggressive use of interactive virtual contents in live broadcast due to the advancement of AR/VR technology and virtual studio technology. These previous works have many limitations that do not support real-time 3D space recognition or immersive interaction. In this sense, we propose an augmented reality based real-time broadcasting system which perceives the indoor space using a broadcasting camera and a RGB-D camera. Also, the system can support the real-time interaction between the augmented virtual contents and the casts. The contribution of this work is the development of a new augmented reality based broadcasting system that not only enables filming using compatible interactive 3D contents in live broadcast but also drastically reduces the production costs. For the practical use, the proposed system was demonstrated in the actual broadcast program called “Ding Dong Dang Kindergarten” which is a representative children educational program on the national broadcasting channel of Korea.
Fast and accurate part-of-speech tagging: The SVM approach revisited

A two-stage hydrolysis process for polymerizing epsilon-caprolactam is disclosed comprising a first stage from a temperature of about 180 DEG C. -260 DEG C. , a pressure of 20 to 150 psig, for a period of about 0.5 to 4 hours, then before equilibrium conditions are reached a second stage at a temperature of about 200 DEG C. -260 DEG C. , a pressure of about 100-900 Torr for a period of about 2 to 15 hours, while continuously removing most of the water so that water is removed both during hydrolyzation and during the subsequent polycondensation, whereby the cyclic dimer content of the shaped polymer article is below 0.2 percent by weight.
LTE-LPWA networks for IoT applications

Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) networks are characterized by support for long range operation and devices with low power and low throughput requirements. We consider a specific type of LPWA network (see LoRaWAN [2] for an example) where uplink packets sent from end devices are received by multiple intermediate gateways and forwarded to a network server. In the downlink direction, network server selects a gateway to send downlink packet(s) to a given device. We consider a scenario where uplink LPWA packets are aggregated at gateways using LTE networks. As multiple LPWA gateways receive copies of same uplink packet from an IoT device, these multiple copies (of same packet) are sent over the LTE network resulting in inefficient utilization of LTE network resources. It is not desirable especially when large number of IoT devices are deployed in an area or when some of these end devices start communicating lot more data on detection of some events. Also, if the network server selects a gateway for downlink traffic without having good information about intermediate LTE network elements, it could result in choosing a gateway that does not provide a good end-to-end path from network server to end device. We propose a traffic management framework that helps to reduce load in the LTE networks in uplink direction and help select a suitable LTE eNodeB and a gateway for downlink traffic in these LTE-LPWA networks. We allow support a software controller that allows IoT operators to specify different types of policies for uplink and downlink traffic management.
Off the hamster wheel? Qualitative evaluation of a payment-linked patient-centered medical home (PCMH) pilot.

CONTEXT Many primary care practices are moving toward the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model and increasingly are offering payment incentives linked to PCMH changes. Despite widespread acceptance of general PCMH concepts, there is still a pressing need to examine carefully and critically what transformation means for primary care practices and their patients and the experience of undergoing such change in a practice. METHODS We used a qualitative case study approach to explore the underlying dynamics of change at five practices participating in PCMH transformation efforts linked to payment reform. The evaluation consisted of structured site visits, interviews, observations, and artifact reviews followed by a structured review of transcripts and documents for patterns, themes, and insights related to PCMH implementation. FINDINGS We describe both the detailed components of each practice's transformation efforts and a grounded taxonomy of eight insights stemming from the experiences of these medical homes. We identified specific contextual factors related to wide variations in change tactics. We also observed widely varying approaches to catalyzing change using (or not) external consultants, specific challenges regarding health information technology implementation, team and staff role restructuring, compensation, and change fatigue, and several unexpected potential confounders or alternative explanations for practice success. CONCLUSIONS Our evaluation affirms the value and necessity of qualitative methods for understanding primary care practice transformation, and it should encourage ongoing and future pilots to include assessments of the PCMH change process beyond clinical markers and claims data. The results raise insights into the heterogeneity of medical home transformation, the central but complex role of payment reform in creating a space for change, the ability of small practices to achieve substantial change in a short time period, and the challenges of sustaining it.
Irritable bowel syndrome: Is it “irritable brain” or “irritable bowel”?

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been recognized as one of the most common and best studied disorders among the group of functional gastrointestinal disorders. It is a functional bowel disorder in which abdominal pain or discomfort is associated with defecation or a change in bowel habit. In the Western world, IBS appears to affect up to 20% of the population at any given time but in Asian countries, the median value of IBS prevalence defined by various criteria ranges between 6.5% and 10.1%, and community prevalence of 4% is found in North India. Those attending gastroenterology clinics represent only the tip of the iceberg. The disorder substantially impairs the quality of life, and the overall health-care costs are high. IBS has therefore gained increased attention from clinicians, researchers, and pharmaceutical industries. It is often frustrating to both patients and physicians as the disease is usually chronic in nature and difficult to treat. However, the understanding of IBS has been changing from time to time and still most of its concepts are unknown. In this review we have discussed, debated, and synthesized the evidence base, focusing on underlying mechanisms in the brain and bowel. We conclude that it is both brain and bowel mechanisms that are responsible. The clinical implication of such mechanisms is discussed.
Factors Associated with Intubation Time and ICU Stay After CABG

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with intubation time and intensive care unit stay after coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS This was a retrospective study, whose data collection was performed in the hospital charts of 160 patients over 18 years, who underwent surgery from September 2009 to July of 2013 in a hospital in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. RESULTS The mean age of the subjects was 61.44±8.93 years old and 68.8% were male. Subjects had a mean of 5.17±8.42 days of intensive care unit stay and mean intubation time of 10.99±8.41 hours. We observed statistically significant positive correlation between the following variables: patients' age and intubation time; patients' age and intensive care unit stay; intubation time and intensive care unit stay. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the study showed that older patients had longer intubation time and increased intensive care unit stay. Furthermore, patients with longer intubation time had increased intensive care unit stay.
Disordered eating and unhealthy weight reduction practices among adolescent females.

BACKGROUND Dissatisfaction with body weight and the use of unhealthy weight reduction practices have been reported among adolescent females. There is a need for methodologically rigorous studies using large representative samples of adolescent females to accurately assess the prevalence of these behaviors and attitudes. METHODS Eight hundred sixty-nine Australian school girls ages 14-16 years were administered a self-report questionnaire to determine the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors, unhealthy dieting practices, and distorted body image. Anthropometric (height and weight) data were collected on each of these adolescent females. RESULTS The prevalences of disordered eating, unhealthy dieting, and distorted body image were 33, 57, and 12%, respectively. Over one-third (36%) of the total sample had used at least one "extreme" dieting method in the past month, i.e., "crash" dieting, fasting, slimming tablets, diuretics, laxatives, and/or cigarettes to lose weight. Of the total sample, 77% wanted to lose weight and 51% had tried to lose weight in the past month. Motivating factors for disordered eating and unhealthy dieting behaviors were peer pressure, media pressure, and the perception that extreme dieting strategies were harmless. CONCLUSION The prevalence of disordered eating and dieting behaviors among adolescent females shown by this study suggests the need for preventive programs encouraging appropriate eating and dieting behaviors.