Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Training of Kernel Fuzzy Classifiers by Dynamic Cluster Generation

We discuss kernel fuzzy classifiers with hypersphere regions, which are defined in the feature space mapped from the input space. Starting from a hypersphere with a small radius defined at a datum, we expand the hypersphere if the new datum is within the prescribed distance from the center. And if not, we define a new hypersphere. After rule generation, we resolve overlaps of different classes contracting the hyperspheres. We then define a truncated conical membership function for each hypersphere. We demonstrate the usefulness of the kernel version of fuzzy classifiers with hypersphere regions with several benchmark data sets.
Music Onset Detection

Music onset detection plays an essential role in music signal processing and has a wide range of applications. This chapter provides a step by step introduction to the design of music onset detection algorithms. The general scheme and commonly-used time-frequency analysis for onset detection are introduced. Many methods are reviewed, and some typical energy-based, phase-based, pitch-based and supervised learning methods are described in detail. The commonly used performance measures, onset annotation software, public database and evaluation methods are introduced. The performance difference between energy-based and pitch-based method is discussed. The future research directions for music onset detection are also described
The Relationship of Mental Health & Family Functioning with Maintaining Optimal Glycaemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes

The association between glycaemic control of type 1 diabetes and mental health issues within the family is well recognised, but the degree of difficulty that is associated with modest sub-optimal control is not. 66 families agreed to take part in the study, and they were divided into two groups according to the quality of metabolic control (good or sub-optimal). Of the 37 boys, 19 had suboptimal metabolic control, and of the 27 girls, 15 did not have a good control. Mother and child participants provided demographic information, and mothers completed the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the revised version of the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionnaire (SNAP IV), elements of the Ontario Child Health Scale, and the Family Adaptation and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV). The results from these scales were compared to the quality of the children’s glycaemic control. Sub-optimal control was associated with the increased emotional symptoms and behavioural difficulties in the young person (p < 0.0001), and increased mental health difficulties in their mothers (p < 0.001). These elements had an adverse impact on the level of satisfaction with family life. Having sub-optimal glycaemic control is associated with an increased risk of having mental health symptoms, and a possible mechanism for this association is explored. Even modest deterioration in a family’s mental health can have an adverse effect upon glycaemic control, and should be assessed as a routine in review clinics.
CHAPTER 3 Can New Thrombolytics Replace Primary Angioplasty ?

The relationship between normal coronary artery blood flow and mortality after myocardial infarction is well documented, so the primary target in MI, caused by acute coronary occlusion, is rapid, early, complete, and sustained myocardial reperfusion. Pharmacological treatment with thrombolytic therapy and primary angioplasty are two different modes of reperfusion treatment for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
A Technical Feasibility for Adoption of Cloud Computing in King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

: The current study focuses on how cloud computing, private cloud in particular, is influencing educational institutions worldwide. Although commercial enterprises are in the process of using cloud computing yet most of the educational organizations are still running the traditional client server model. This model caused many problems to different educational institutions. After studying the literature, the author discovers that the technical feasibility for private cloud adoption in an educational institution has not been comprehensively conducted in previous studies. The current study tries to narrow this gap via carrying out six steps before the adoption of cloud computing and three steps after the adoption. The results attained before the adoption show a significant underutilization of compute resources in client server model and poor average availability, performance and response time for the PMS application hosted at that model. However, the outcomes accomplished after the adoption indicate a substantial boost in several areas of private cloud assessment. These outcomes are measured by systems’ outstanding availability, performance and response time in Aziz Admissions Portal assessment. Also some top users were interviewed to measure the performance and satisfaction level. Finally, it can be concluded that private cloud computing helped KAU to overcome difficulties faced in the previous model and helped to improve the performance tremendously.
A NOVEL MULTICLASS SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE ALGORITHM USING MEAN REVERSION AND COEFFICIENT OF VARIANCE

Inaccuracy of a kernel function used in Support Vec tor Machine (SVM) can be found when simulated with nonlinear and stationary datasets. To minimise the error, we propose a new multiclass SVM model using mean reversion and coefficient of variance algorith m to partition and classify imbalance in datasets. By introducing a series of test statistic, simulations of the proposed algorithm outperformed the performance of the SVM model without using multiclass SVM model.
The Hueckel Edge Operator

In the early 1970’s, Manfred Hueckel developed an edge-line operator for digitized pictures. It operates on the principle of expanding a small, circular neighborhood of pixels in an orthogonal series, then solving a system of simultaneous, nonlinear equations for the parameters of the edge or line. Today, most groups use a simple linear filter, followed by some kind of thresholding or zero-crossing detection. Hueckel’s operator offers some advantages over convolutional operators. For instance, it is the only operator that detects lines and reports line width without trial-and-error. This paper explores the properties of the Hueckel operator and documents both the advantages and disadvantages of the operator. Some of the difficulties with the operator that have been reported in the literature are due to numerical singularities. When these are resolved, most of the reported difficulties disappear. Introduction: In three papers [1, 2, 3, 4], Manfred Hueckel described an edge operator, then an edge-line operator. This operator could be described as an “edgel” operator in the sense of Nalwa [5], in that it is a parametric operator that directly produces the parameters of the basic picture-descriptive object that it was designed to detect. The operator functions by expanding a circular neighborhood in a series of orthogonal basis functions. The transform of a parametized edge-line object is fitted to the specific coefficients computed at a particular point in a digitized image by least-squares. Solving for the parameters of the edge-line object is then accomplished by solving a system of simultaneous, nonlinear equations. The first two papers [1, 2] describe an operator that finds a single edge. I will term this the H1. The third paper describes an operator that finds two edges. I will call this the H2. They use the same set of basis functions. The calculations below will be for H2 except where noted. In this paper, I will synthesize a hybrid operator based on both H1 and H2. I will call this HS. This paper will is organized into four major sections: discussion of the problem, summary of the Hueckel operator, objective test results, and discussion. Statement of the Problem Hueckel defines the problem as follows: Consider a real-valued intensity map . Define an ideal “edge-line” over a circular region of by its intensity distribution below. Given a line across the circular region defined by the following equation: ) , ( y x I ) , ( y x I (1) ) sin( ) cos( 0 0 θ θ ρ y x + = Define the intensity across the edge-line as follows:
Amorphous molybdenum sulfide films as catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen production in water

Amorphous molybdenum sulfide films are efficient hydrogen evolution catalysts in water. The films are prepared via simple electro-polymerization procedures and are characterized by XPS, electron microscopy and electronic absorption spectroscopy. Whereas the precatalysts could be MoS3 or MoS2, the active form of the catalysts is identified as amorphous MoS2. Significant geometric current densities are achieved at low overpotentials (e.g., 15 mA cm−2 at η = 200 mV) using these catalysts. The catalysis is compatible with a wide range of pHs (e.g., 0 to 13). The current efficiency for hydrogen production is quantitative. A 40 mV Tafel slope is observed, suggesting a rate-determining ion+atom step. The turnover frequency per active site is calculated. The amorphous molybdenum sulfide films are among the most active non-precious hydrogen evolution catalysts.
Ontology Extraction Utilizing Augmented Direct Mapping for Movies Data Representation

The volume of information is growing exponentially in today’s world. Nevertheless, the huge data are stored in various type of formats at various sizes and various growing rate.In addition, these data are heterogeneous and not directly consumable by the analytic tools. These resulted as one of the main challenges for data integration.In order to facilitate data integration, many mapping tools have emerged. In this paper, some recent mapping tools will be investigated, and the rules specified to acquire the ontology from relational databases will be proposed and discussed. Throughout the paper, we utilize the Internet Protocol television (IPTV) domain as the example to demonstrate the mapping of individual concepts of Relational Database (RDB) into ontology representation.
Research, part of a Special Feature on Do we need new management paradigms to achieve sustainability in tropical forests? Sustainability of Mangrove Harvesting: How do Harvesters' Perceptions Differ from Ecological Analysis?

To harvest biological resources sustainably, it is first necessary to understand what "sustainability" means in an ecological context, and what it means to the people who use the resources. As a case study, we examined the extractive logging of the mangrove Rhizophora mangle in the Rio Limon area of Lake Maracaibo, in western Venezuela. The ecological definition of sustainable harvesting is harvesting that allows population numbers to be maintained or to increase over time. In interviews, the harvesters defined sustainable harvesting as levels permitting the maintenance of the mangrove population over two human generations, about 50 yr. In Rio Limon, harvesters extract a combination of small adult and juvenile trees. Harvesting rates ranged from 7-35% of small adult trees. These harvesting levels would be sustainable according to the harvester's definition as long as juvenile harvesting was less than 40%. However, some harvesting levels that would be sustainable according to the harvesters were ecologically unsustainable, i.e., eventually causing declines in mangrove population numbers. It was also determined that the structure of mangrove forests was significantly affected by harvesting; even areas harvested at low, ecologically sustainable intensities had significantly fewer adult trees than undisturbed sites. Western Venezuela has no organized timber industry, so mangrove logs are used in many types of construction. A lagging economy and a lack of alternative construction materials make mangrove harvesting inevitable, and for local people, an economic necessity. This creates a trade-off between preserving the ecological characteristics of the mangrove population and responding to human needs. In order to resolve this situation, we recommended a limited and adaptive mangrove harvesting regime. We also suggest that harvesters could participate in community-based management programs as harvesting monitors.
Studying the dynamics of the programmed cell death in the fetal heart- comparative study between the atria and ventricles

Introduction: Cell death, with the growth and differentiation is part of the cell cycle. This study tries to evidentiate apoptotic cells at the level of the heart, and to appreciate the level of Apoptotic Index in different phases of cardiac development in order to compare the amplitude of the phenomenon in different cavities of the heart. Materials and methods: We studied myocardial tissue samples collected from human aborted fetuses, with the age between 16 and 40 weeks, resulting from spontaneous abortions without cardiac malformations or injuries. The samples were stained conventionally with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E), Masson's tricrome and immunohistochemical method. We used a complete kit, ApopTag Plus Peroxidase In Situ Apoptosis Detection Kit, based on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). Results and disscution: We made a comparison between the intensity of programmed cell death in atrial and ventricular myocardium and we found a higher density of apoptotic cells in the ventricular myocardium. This is visible by direct examination of histological images acquired by immunohistochemical staining Tunnel. Our finding was confirmed, once again, by statistical processing. Conclusions: Apoptotic phenomenon increases with fetal age, both the ventricles and the atrial myocardium. Apoptotic index in the ventricular myocardium increased progressively from 0.223% at 16 weeks to 3.65% ± 0.08% to 40 fetal weeks. In the atrial myocardium apoptotic index increased progressively from 0.131% ± 0.07% to 1.131% ± 0.08% between weeks 16 and 40 of gestation. At the atrial level, the phenomenon is significantly increased between weeks 19-22 and after the 26th week (p (t) <0.05).
Is retailing really unique? Insights into retail internationalization using business theories

Internationalization is one of the most important trends in retailing today. This process is not new, however has accelerated in the last two decades. It was less than 30 years ago that almost all of the world’s retail firms were pure national firms with a negligible share in foreign markets. That scenario has changed dramatically. Taking a look at the top 200 global retailers, almost all players except those in the US operate in numerous countries, having established a noteworthy business capacity in foreign markets. It is observed that retailers often export their business model in new markets. Therefore they are regarded as driving forces of structural change in the agri food business. The understanding of retail internationalization is essential to the understanding of the changes in the agri food business. Investigating retail internationalization many scholars builds on the theories of the wider business internationalization literature. Other authors state that retailing is unique, therefore the business theories can not be applied. By reviewing the literature we try to overcome this tension and discuss how business internationalization theories can help to understand retail internationalization.
CONNECTING SELF-EFFICACY OF DIETARY CHOICES AND THE ASSOCIATION WITH DIETARY INTAKE AMONG RURAL ADOLESCENTS IN NORTH CAROLINA AND KENTUCKY

OF THESIS CONNECTING SELF-EFFICACY OF DIETARY CHOICES AND THE ASSOCIATION WITH DIETARY INTAKE AMONG RURAL ADOLESCENTS IN NORTH CAROLINA AND KENTUCKY Determining the level of belief one has in themselves, or their self-efficacy, can be a key factor to improve certain dietary patterns and choices in the rural youth population. Sugar sweetened food and beverage consumption continues to rise and fruit and vegetable intake remains a struggle in rural areas; addressing both the food environment and adolescents’ self-efficacy could have a lasting impact on changing the nature of a generation of rural student’s food and beverage choices. This study measured selfefficacy levels of (n=425) adolescents in rural Kentucky and North Carolina using the Youth Impact Questionnaire and dietary intake using the NHANES Dietary Screener. Multiple linear regression analysis found that higher levels of self-efficacy resulted in a statistically significant ability to consume more vegetables. Further associations found that higher levels of self-efficacy resulted in increased fruit consumption, and improved added sugar food and beverage selections. These findings suggest that it could be beneficial to target adolescents’ self-efficacy as a way to modify certain health behaviors in a sparse food environment such as these rural Appalachian areas.
A Face in the crowd: examining race perception and lightness contrast

The aim of the current experiment was to explore the possibility that people’s perceptions of race could be altered using lightness contrast effects. To test this, faces ranging from typically Caucasian (white) to typically African (black) were surrounded with either black or white faces. Participants were asked to rate how stereotypically white or black they perceived the central face image to be. A 2x5 repeated measures ANOVA revealed that participants rated faces as looking the same whether presented in white or black surrounds. A second experiment consisting of two parts was conducted in an attempt to explain this lack of an effect. In experiment 2a, the effect of skin tone luminance variations without differences in facial morphology were investigated, while experiment 2b studied the effects of morphology without differences in skin tone. While skin tone alone yielded an effect of perceived lightness, the perceived race of faces was not affected by the morphologically different surrounds. This suggests that although perceptions of skin tone can be altered using lightness contrast effects, this is not sufficient to alter overall racial appearance, questioning the role of skin tone in the perception of race.
Stepwise investment and capacity sizing under uncertainty

The relationship between uncertainty and managerial flexibility is particularly crucial in addressing capital projects. We consider a firm that can invest in a project in either a single (lumpy investment) or multiple stages (stepwise investment) under price uncertainty and has discretion over not only the time of investment but also the size of the project. We confirm that if the capacity of a project is fixed and the investment premium associated with stepwise investment is positive, then lumpy investment becomes more valuable than a stepwise investment strategy under high price uncertainty. By contrast, if a firm has discretion over capacity, then we show that the stepwise investment strategy always dominates that of lumpy investment. In addition, we show that the total amount of installed capacity under a stepwise investment strategy is always greater than that under lumpy investment.
Application of the Plasticity Characteristic Determined by the Indentation Technique for Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Coatings: I. Specific Features of the Test Method Procedure

Specific features of the test method procedure capable for determining the plasticity characteristic δH by indentation of inhomogeneous coatings affected by residual stress was clarified. When the value of the plasticity characteristic for coating was found to be as great as δH > 0.5 a simplified model was found to be reasonably adequate, while a modified model assumed compressibility of the deformation core beneath indentation. The advantage of the modified approach compared to the simplified one was grounded experimentally only if the elastic deformation for coating becomes greater than ee ≈ 3.5%, resulting in the decrease of plasticity characteristic δH < 0.5. To overcome non accuracy caused by the effect of the scale factor on measurement results a comparison of different coatings was suggested using stabilized values of the plasticity characteristic δH determined under loads higher than critical, P ≥ Pc, ensuring week dependence of microhardness values on the indentation load.
HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT OF EUCALYPTUS SAWDUST FOR A FOREST BIOREFINERY

The aim of this study was to optimize the hydrothermal treatment conditions to obtain different products in the extraction of hemicelluloses from eucalyptus sawdust originated from carpenters and sawmills. The raw material was sawdust from 12-50 year-old Eucalyptus rostrata, grandis and saligna. A 2 Factorial Design was initially applied to verify the influence of treatment time (30, 45 and 60 min), temperature (120, 150 and 180°C) and liquid/solid ratio (5, 10, 15). This last variable was not significant. A Central Composite Face-Centered Design was used for the optimizations, varying time (20, 30 and 40 min) and temperature (170, 180 and 190°C). Temperature was the most influential factor. Extractives could be removed in the first step at 120oC for 20 min. The highest extraction of hemicelluloses (mainly as sugars) took place at 20 min and 190°C, whereas the maximum extraction of carbohydrates as oligomers was obtained at 40 minutes and about 170oC.
Virtuality in architecture: From perspective representation to augmented reality

Notion of virtuality correlates mainly to visual aspects of space, presuming that basic qualities of physical space can be simulated by graphics, providing not just visual illusion of the third dimension of real space, but psychological involvement and transfer of the spectator into the space of the picture, giving him the sense of the spatial location and presence. Creation of virtual space that could be perceptually sensed and by virtual presence modified and shaped, explored and experienced, is not just result of advanced computer technology, but could be traced through history of spatial representations, that was based mainly in artistic and architectural practice. Architecture, being leading field that synthesize representation, construction and sense of spatial creation, had to be involved in explorations of multidimensional complex network of dynamic informational space, that is revealed in its real and virtual dimension as unique universe. Real-time experience in virtual space allow access in the alternative dimension to every open mind, giving him possibilities to play and work, to construct and represent, search, explore and express, augmenting reality into the complex network of information flow between visible and invisible space.
The Determinants of Housing Tenure Choice: Evidence from Micro Data

Ghana has three dominant modes of housing tenure: owner occupancy, renting and rent free. Rent free has been a substantial tenure mode in Ghana over the years. It was the major type of tenure in the country before 1998 when it became the next major type of tenure after owning (GSS, 2005). This study aims at estimating the determinants of the housing tenure decisions in Ghana. it employed the multinomial logit model to achieve this objective. It was found that a household’s decision to rent is positively influenced by location in the forest and coastal ecological zones, urban location, a household head with basic education and the income of the household head. Location in the forest ecological zone, urban location, household heads with bachelor’s degrees and employed household heads are the main positive determinants of the decision to stay rent free. Rent free, as a tenure choice is substantial and serves young graduates; the state should therefore make deliberate efforts to sustain and maintain the extended family system, since it is the major provider of rent free housing units in Ghana DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013. v4n13p597