Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of airborne particle abrasion on the dentin smear layer and dentin: an in vitro investigation.

This study investigated the effect of airborne particle abrasion on the exposed dentin surfaces of 40 extracted teeth. A Siroflow abrasion unit was used to treat four groups of ten specimens that were subjected to 5, 10, 20, and 40 seconds of abrasion respectively. Statistical analysis (Spearman Rank Order) showed a significant difference between all groups (P < .05) but not within groups (P > .05). Scanning electron micrographs showed smear layer removal as an immediate effect of air polishing. Application times of longer than 5 seconds showed obstruction of dentinal tubule openings, possibly a result of abrasive powder residue. It was concluded that airborne particle abrasion removes the smear layer, and the amount of dentin removed corresponded to the time of application.
Fat Infiltration in the Tissues of the Newborn Infant

Although there are many studies on the significance of fat droplets in parenchymal cells, few of them relate to the neonatal period. Scott (1961) found fat infiltration of the myocardium in infants who had been in respiratory distress. She associated this with other necropsy findings which suggested heart failure. Gruenwald (1949) observed fat vacuolation of the liver, more marked in the right lobe, together with other changes more clearly degenerative, in infants who had suffered prenatal hypoxia. Emery and Finch (1954), who were also interested in differences between the liver lobes, estimated chemically the fat content of the foetal and the neonatal liver, having first excluded as abnormal any specimen showing stainable fat droplets. They found a considerable variation in fat content, and a tendency for the right lobe to contain more after 24 hours of age. Inspection of their figures further suggests an increase in total mean fat content (based on dry weight) from 9% in the first 5 hours to 16% in the second day. These authors have interpreted fat droplet infiltration as pathological. Dorkin and Weinberg (1949) observed more stainable fat in the neonatal human liver than they could attribute to any pathological cause, and concluded that its presence was a normal part of neonatal metabolism. If species differences do not invalidate comparisons, this view accords with experimental findings in newborn animals. Hard, Reynolds, and Winbury (1944) found a marked rise in the fat content of the guineapig liver during the last quarter of gestation. At term the level had reached 33-35% (dry weight). Immediately after birth this began to fall, like the liver glycogen level but less steeply, until the adult level of about 12% was attained in 3 to 4 days. Fat staining of the normal newborn rabbit liver (writer's observations) suggests a similar pattern of change. It is now well known that tissue glycogen levels are high at term and are rapidly mobilized in the early neonatal period (Shelley, 1964). The possibility of changes in tissue fat content determined by birth prompted the following study.
The Role of Pacemaker Currents in Neuropathic Pain

Abstract: Hyperpolarization‐activated cation nonselective cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels mediate pacemaker currents that control basic rhythmic processes including heartbeat. Alterations in HCN channel expression or function have been described in both epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmias. Recent evidence suggests that pacemaker currents may also play an important role in ectopic neuronal activity that manifests as neuropathic pain. Pacemaker currents are subject to endogenous regulation by cyclic nucleotides, pH and perhaps phosphorylation. In addition, a number of neuromodulators with known roles in pain affect current density and kinetics. The pharmacology of a number of drugs that are commonly used to treat neuropathic pain includes effects on pacemaker currents. Altered pacemaker currents in injured tissues may be an important mechanism underlying neuropathic pain, and drugs that modulate these currents may offer new therapeutic options.
The frontiers of the virtual photons program at MAMI

The most recent results and the future physics program of the high precision electron-scattering experiment at MAMI are briefly outlined.The A1 high-resolution spectrometers facility allows for a unique quality of virtual photon experiments. High precision form factor measurements, few-baryon systems highresolution structure studies and the innovative way in the search of dark photons illustrate the interplay between such diverse fields as precision atomic physics, nuclear astrophysics and astroparticle physics, where hadron physics plays a central and connecting role.
INDEKS RADNE SPOSOBNOSTI TE MORBIDITETNI PROFIL PRIPADNIKA PROFESIONALNIH VATROGASNIH POSTROJBI

Ključne riječi: profesionalno interventno vatrogastvo, mjesta s posebnim uvjetima rada, radna sposobnost, morbiditetni profil, „efekt zdravog radnika“ SAŽETAK: Poslovi u vatrogastvu su poslovi s posebnim uvjetima rada te se kandidati odabiru profesionalnom selekcijom. Svrha istraživanja bila je na reprezentativnom uzorku od 300 pripadnika operativne vatrogasne postrojbe (isključivo muški spol, prosječna dob 43 ±7,84 g, prosječni ukupni radni staž 18,5 ±7,67, a u vatrogastvu 14,9±6,44 g) uvidom u medicinsku dokumentaciju nadležne službe medicine rada i WAI upitnikom utvrditi indeks radne sposobnosti i morbiditetni profil. Kvalitativne varijable opisane su apsolutnim i relativnim frekvencijama, a kvantitativne parametrima centralne tendencije i disperzije te testirane na normalnost razdiobe Kolmogorov-Smirnovljevim testom. Statistički značajnim smatran je  = 0,050. Zastupljenost hipertenzije (7,1 %) i kardiovaskularnih bolesti (2 %) niža je negoli u općoj populaciji. Oštećenja vida zastupljena su sa 6,7 %, a sluha i ravnoteže sa 2%. Uočen je i problem pretilosti (BMI do 39,6 %) te povišenih razina šećera (14,8 %) i kreatinina u serumu (7,1 %). Ispitanici vlastitu radnu sposobnost visoko rangiraju i nisu skloni apsentizmu. Postojeći sustav selekcije omogućuje postizanje „efekta zdravog radnika“.
Differentiation of Macrophage Precursors to Cells with LAK Activity under the Influence of CSF‐1 and High Dose IL‐2

Mouse macrophage precursor cells with natural killer (NK) like activity, derived from in vitro culture of light‐fraction‐bone marrow cells in the presence of colony‐stimulating factor 1 (CSF‐l) and low dose IL‐2, were incubated with high dose(1000 U/ml) IL‐2, After 3 days of incubation, cells had developed from NK like (killing Yac‐1 but not P815) into LAK‐like (killing both YAC‐1 and P815) effector cells. Morphological studies revealed that LAK activity occurred at the time when macrophage precursors with NK like activity containing few cytoplasmic granules had further differentiated into cells with abundant azurophilic granules in their cytoplasma. Proliferation of macrophage‐precursor derived NK LAK‐like cells was dependent on the presence of colony‐stimulating factor, generation of cytoplasmic granules was induced by lL‐2 in a dose dependent way. Flow cytometric analysis showed that macrophage precursor‐derived LAK effectors were positive for NK 1.1 but almost negative for F4/80. When the same starting cell population was cultured in the presence of 200 U/ml Interferon gamma (IFN gamma), proliferation was completely stopped and within 3–4 days all cells differentiated into mature macrophages expressing F4/80. In context with our previous data, we describe here a continuum of development from agranular macrophage precursors to granular cells with NK‐like activity and further to cells with LAK activity under the influence of CSF‐I as growth factor and IL‐2 as granule‐ and cytotoxicity‐ inducing factor.
Needlelike motion of prolate ellipsoids in the sea of spheres

Molecular dynamics simulations of translational motion of isolated prolate ellipsoids in the sea of spheres have been carried out for several different values of the aspect ratio (\kappa), obtained by changing either the length or the diameter of the ellipsoids, at several different solvent densities. The interaction among the spheres is given by the Lennard-Jones pair potential while that between spheres and ellipsoids is given by a modified Gay-Berne potential. Both the mean-square displacements of the center of mass of the ellipsoids and their orientational time correlation function have been calculated. It is found that at short to intermediate times, the motion of ellipsoids is anisotropic and primarily needlelike-the molecules prefer to move parallel to their long axis. The ratio of these two diffusion constants (D and D) approaches \kappa, suggesting a decoupling of D from the length of the ellipsoid. The diffusion becomes isotropic in the long time with the total diffusion coefficient given by D + 2D. The crossover from the anisotropic to the isotropic diffusion is surprisingly sharp and clear in most cases.
Reconfigurable control system design based on control allocation for HLV

The attitude control of new generation heavy launch vehicles (HLV) is executed by the joint swing of both core and booster engines. Considering this characteristic, a method of designing and reconfiguring the attitude control system of HLV, especially when actuators fail using the allocation strategy, is proposed. HLV adopts the nonlinear dynamic inverse control law, which consists of two loops, a fast inner loop and a slow outer one. Based on pseudo-inverse and fixed-point method, this paper introduces a hybrid control allocation optimization strategy. This strategy has minor calculation and involves the restraints of actuators. Moreover, the strategies of reconfiguration under different fault scenarios are presented. The results of Matlab/Simulink simulation show that this reconfigurable control method of HLV can effectively solve the problem of control allocation of multi-actuators and observably improve the safety and reliability of the HLV.
The Antioxidant Ebselen Prevents Neurotoxicity and Clinical Symptoms in a Primate Model of Parkinson's Disease

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), via its major metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), produces in primates including humans clinical, biochemical, and neuropathological changes similar to those which occur in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Ebselen is an antioxidant drug with glutathione peroxidase-like activity and a proven neuroprotective action in stroke patients. Here we show that Ebselen, when administered before, during, and after MPTP injections, prevents both neuronal loss and clinical symptoms in a primate MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Ebselen also prevents peroxide radical overproduction induced by serum withdrawal in cultured PC12 cells and hydroxyl radical generation induced by the mitochondrial toxin, MPP(+), in vivo in rat brain. Moreover, Ebselen inhibits MPP(+)-induced toxicity in PC12 cells, without interacting with the dopamine uptake system. Our results demonstrate that compounds which prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical production may be useful as preventive treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Flexible docking and refinement with a coarse‐grained protein model using ATTRACT

A coarse‐grained (CG) protein model implemented in the ATTRACT protein–protein docking program has been employed to predict protein–protein complex structures in CAPRI Rounds 22–27. For six targets, acceptable or better quality solutions have been submitted corresponding to ∼60% of all targets. For one target, promising results on the prediction of the hydration structure at the protein–protein interface have been achieved. New approaches for the rapid flexible refinement have been developed based on a combination of atomistic representation of the bonded geometry and a CG description of nonbonded interactions. Possible further improvements of the docking approach in particular at the scoring and the flexible refinement steps are discussed. Proteins 2013; 81:2167–2174. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinematic enveloping grasp planning method for robotic dexterous hands and three-dimensional objects

SUMMARY Three-dimensional (3D) enveloping grasps for dexterous robotic hands possess several advantages over other types of grasps. This paper describes a new method for kinematic 3D enveloping grasp planning. A new idea for grading the 3D grasp search domain for a given object is proposed. The grading method analyzes the curvature pattern and effective diameter of the object, and grades object regions according to their suitability for grasping. A new approach is also proposed for modeling the fingers of the dexterous hand. The grasp planning method is demonstrated for a three-fingered, six degrees-of-freedom, dexterous hand and several 3D objects containing both convex and concave surface patches. Human-like high-quality grasps are generated in less than 20 s per object.
Acute life-threatening hypoxemia during mechanical ventilation

Purpose of review To describe current evidence-based practice in the management of acute life-threatening hypoxemia in mechanically ventilated patients and some of the methods used to individualize the care of the patient. Recent findings Patients with acute life-threatening hypoxemia will often meet criteria for severe ARDS, for which there are only a few treatment strategies that have been shown to improve survival outcomes. Recent findings have increased our knowledge of the physiological effects of spontaneous breathing and the application of PEEP. Additionally, the use of advanced bedside monitoring has a promising future in the management of hypoxemic patients to fine-tune the ventilator and to evaluate the individual patient response to therapy. Summary Treating the patient with acute life-threatening hypoxemia during mechanical ventilation should begin with an evidence-based approach, with the goal of improving oxygenation and minimizing the harmful effects of mechanical ventilation. The use of advanced monitoring and the application of simple maneuvers at the bedside may assist clinicians to better individualize treatment and improve clinical outcomes.
[The role of family planning programs in the fertility transition in Latin America].

"This article traces the origins of fertility changes, of attitudes towards contraception and of lower family size values in Latin America, on the basis of information collected during the 1960s and 1970s on abortion, fertility and contraceptive prevalence. It explores the origins and the role of family planning programmes and suggests that they acted as facilitators of the 'mass' transition rather than as the agents that unleashed this process. " (SUMMARY IN ENG)
Polymorphism of the IL‐1 Gene Complex in Epstein–Barr Virus Seronegative and Seropositive Adult Blood Donors

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) seronegativity is rare in adults. To examine whether genetic differences would explain this, we studied the genetic polymorphisms of the genes of the interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) complex in seronegative adults. These cytokines (i.e. IL‐1α, IL‐1β and IL‐1 receptor antagonist, IL‐1RA) regulate, in several ways, the inflammatory reactions of the body. In each of these genes there are polymorphic sites and the various alleles differ in their frequency in several diseases of inflammatory nature. In 400 healthy blood donors (from 18 to 60 years of age) there were 20 (5%) seronegative persons. The frequency of allele 2 of the IL‐1β gene (base exchange polymorphism at position −511 from the transcriptional start site) was decreased in the seronegative patients (0.20 versus 0.42 in the seropositive patients, P < 0.05, χ2‐test). Moreover, the frequency of allele 2 of the IL‐1RA (polymorphism defined by variable numbers of 86‐bp repeats in intron 2) was slightly, but not significantly, decreased in the seronegative patients. Alleles of these two loci are known to be associated, but in the seronegative patients this association was abnormal: 11 out of 20 (55%) were of the IL‐1RA‐2 negative/IL‐1β‐2 negative type, while of the seropositive patients, 25% were of this type (P < 0.01, χ2‐test). These data suggest that immunological differences, depending on cytokine gene polymorphisms, regulate the resistance to EBV infection.
Software engineering malpractice and its avoidance

'Software engineering malpractice' is an emerging legal theory which will impose new legal liability on software engineers and software developers for errors in software or unreliable software. This paper summarizes software engineering malpractice court decisions, and discusses how a software engineering malpractice case can arise in a variety of contexts encountered in software development. The paper explores preventative measures that software engineers and developers can take to help insulate themselves from malpractice liability. The paper concludes that proper preventative practices should be an integral part of any software reliability effort, and that such practices can help the software engineering profession avoid becoming a target of plaintiffs' attorneys. <<ETX>>
Horseradish peroxidase study of the spatial and electrotonic distribution of group Ia synapses on type‐identified ankle extensor motoneurons in the cat

Eight functionally identified group Ia muscle afferents from triceps surae or plantaris muscles were labeled intraaxonally with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in seven adult cats. Subsequently, HRP was injected into two to six homonymous or heteronymous α‐motoneurons per animal (total = 22), each identified by motor unit type and located near the site of afferent injection. The complete trajectories of labeled afferents were reconstructed, and putative synaptic contacts on HRP‐labeled motoneurons were identified at high magnification. Dendritic paths from each contact were also mapped and measured. A total of 24 contact systems (the combination of a group Ia afferent and a postsynaptic motoneuron) were reconstructed, of which 17 were homonymous, and seven were heteronymous.
The Relationship Between Daily Hassles and Sexual Function in Men and Women

Psychological stressors can interfere with sexual function through psychological and physiological mechanisms. Chronic stress, in particular, seems to have a negative effect on sexual functioning for men and women. The present study was designed to identify categories of stressors that contribute to sexual difficulties as well as assess the role of anxiety and depression in the relationship between stress and sexual function. Participants were recruited for an online survey in which they completed questionnaires on daily stressors, anxiety, depression, and sexual function. Results indicated that daily stressors predicted lower scores on sexual satisfaction for men and women and sexual activity for women. These effects were mediated by scores on the depression scale. Daily stressors, depression, and anxiety were highly correlated. A factor analysis of stressors resulted in 5 distinct categories of stressors. Of these, financial stressors and stressors related to low socioeconomic status were related to lower scores on all aspects of sexual functioning for women but not for men. Women's sexual functioning scores were more strongly related to stress and depression than men's scores. Results suggest that contextual factors (e.g., daily stressors, depression) are important considerations when assessing problems with sexual functioning.
Oxygen and the regulation of gene expression in wounds

Work from Tom Hunt's laboratory first identified wound hypoxia as a potential regulator of the biology of cells participating in tissue repair. Current understanding of the role of oxygen in the regulation of gene expression begins to provide a mechanistic basis for the prediction that oxygen could be a fundamental regulator of wound healing made by the Hunt laboratory. The present article describes the experience of the authors' laboratory in defining the expression of two oxygen‐regulated genes, those for the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase and for arginase I in experimental wounds. Observations made regarding these two genes are discussed in the context of the overall regulatory role of oxygen as a phenotypic modulator of inflammatory cells. (WOUND REP REG 2003;11:445–451)
Experimental scrub typhus immunogens: gamma-irradiated and formalinized rickettsiae

Scrub typhus immunogens were prepared by exposing infected yolk sac suspensions of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi to various doses of gamma radiation. Mouse lethality was abolished at doses greater than 200 krads, whereas immunogenicity of the suspensions, as shown by mouse protection tests, was diminished relatively little by radiation doses in the 200- to 400-krad range. Using a 300-krad gamma dose to provide a safety factor, immunogens were prepared and their protective capacity was contrasted with formalinized scrub typhus immunogens prepared by conventional techniques. Formalinized suspensions afforded mice only partial protection against intraperitoneal challenge with 1,000 50% mouse lethal doses of the virulent homologous strain and no significant protection against similar challenge with an equally virulent heterologous strain. Using the same strains, radiation-inactivated preparations provided 100% protection against 10,000 50% mouse lethal doses of the homologous strain and 70% protection against challenge with the same doses of a heterologous strain. Neither immunogen was a potent stimulator of antibody production as measured by the complement-fixation test. Cell-transfer studies using inbred mice indicated a role for cell-mediated immunity after vaccination with gamma-irradiated immunogens, but no cell-mediated protection could be demonstrated after vaccination with formalin-inactivated rickettsiae.
Toxic–Inflammatory Effects of Prostoglandin Analogs on the Ocular Surface

Purpose: To investigate the toxic–inflammatory effects of prostaglandin analogs on the ocular surface. Materials and methods: Twenty-three rats were divided into four groups. Bimatoprost 0.03% (I), latanoprost 0.005% (II), and travoprost 0.004% (III) were applied during 6 months; a control group (IV) received no treatment. Dysplasia and keratinization were evaluated on the ocular surface. In the subepithelial area, the number of lymphocytes and mast cells were counted morphologically, and collagen staining densities were compared subjectively in groups. Results: The ratio of keratinization was 3/12 and 1/10, in groups I and II. The lymphocyte cell counts were 1.4 ± 0.19, 2.2 ± 0.39, 2.27 ± 0.33, and 1.87 ± 0.35 (p > .05). The mast cell counts were 2.58 ± 0.5, 5.4 ± 1.1, 5.7 ± 0.58, and 3.0 ± 0.59. They were significantly higher in groups II and III than in group I (p < .05). Mean collagen density scores were 1.00 ± 0.85, 2.00 ± 0.00, and 1,73 ± 0.70. Group II and III scores were higher than group I scores (p < .05). Conclusion: Latanoprost and travoprost seem to have more toxic–inflammatory effects on the ocular surface than bimatoprost.
A modified metamaterial antenna for the new wireless communications network

This paper will analyze the CLL (Capacitively Load Loop) structure applied on the cave form on the patch plane surface of a planar UWB (Ultra Wide Band) antenna. The purpose is to improve the features of the antenna for application in the new generation of WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network). Simulations were done with the insertion of the metamaterial in several distinct configurations. It will be presented the results in which there was a superior efficiency compared to the basic antenna without modifications.