Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ground-Based Measurement and Variation Analysis of Carbonaceous Aerosols in Wuqing

To understand the concentrations and sources of carbonaceous aerosols in Northern China, real-time, semi-online, hourly measurements of PM2.5 compositions were conducted at an urban site in Wuqing, Tianjin from December 31, 2011 to January 11, 2012. The mean concentrations of EC and OC in Wuqing were 6.0±4.8 and 21.5±19.2 µg C/m 3 respectively, which constituted 8% and 30% of the total measured PM2.5 constituent mass. The mean concentration of WSOC was 14.3±11.8 µg C/m 3 , which constituted 67% of the mean OC concentration. During the observation period, the large variability of pollutant concentrations were mainly driven by synoptic- scale meteorological events. As a result, the diurnal patterns of EC, OC, and WSOC were relatively indistinct. The observed mass ratios of OC/EC was relatively stable throughout the observation period and averaged 3.9. Based on correlation analysis with other tracer constituents, it is found that the wintertime carbonaceous aerosols in Wuqing came mainly from biomass burning emissions and experienced significant aging. Roughly half of the OC were from
Postgraduate year two ambulatory care residency program evaluation with a tool for assessing ambulatory care pharmacist practice

A standardized set of required competency areas, goals, and objectives are used in accreditation to create consistency in learning experiences across programs. The individual postgraduate year two (PGY‐2) ambulatory care residency program is subsequently tasked with designing activities to achieve the defined goals and objectives, which may lead to variability in the constructed activities across residency programs.
Gray Phonon Transport Prediction of Thermal Conductivity in Lithium Aluminate with Higher-Order Finite Elements on Meshes with Curved Surfaces

Abstract We present a method for predicting thermal conductivity by deterministically solving the Boltzmann transport equation for gray phonons by utilizing arbitrary higher-order continuous finite elements on meshes which may also be unstructured and utilize curved surfaces. The self-adjoint angular flux (SAAF) formulation of the gray, steady-state, single relaxation time, phonon radiative transport (PRT) equation was spatially discretized using the continuous finite element method and angularly discretized using the discrete ordinates method. The solution discretization methodology was verified using a method of manufactured solution (MMS) spatial convergence test case and compared favorably to previous work. The angular phonon radiances, heat flux, and temperatures computed in this work compare favorably to previous literature in silicon thin films. Using local values of the temperature gradient and heat flux, the thermal conductivity as a function of position in a one-dimensional perfect crystal was evaluated using a Fourier’s Law representation and compared to kinetic theory. Our results show that in the interior of the simulation domain, our transport-based prediction of thermal conductivity converged on the kinetic theory estimation. We also find that near isothermal boundaries, the transport solution deviated from kinetic theory, implying non-equilibrium behavior in the thin-film limit and agreed with previous studies.
The influence of chronotype, personality, sex, and sleep duration on Facebook addiction of university students in Turkey

ABSTRACT In this study, the aim was to investigate the relationship between chronotype, personality, sex, and sleep duration with Facebook addiction (FA). A cross-sectional survey model was used in the research, and the participants included 981 university students from Sakarya in Turkey. As a result, chronotype, personality, and sex variables were found to be significant predictors of FA. This study concluded that men with eveningness chronotype were more frequently addicted to Facebook. Upon examining personality traits, while conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience were significant predictors of FA, extraversion and neuroticism were not. Another finding of the study was that sleep duration was not a significant predictor of FA. In the light of the results of this study, the variables that predict FA are identified. In future studies, the study will contribute to the variables that need to be addressed in relation to FA.
Nickel Application Impact Study on Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Under Dominant Soil Series of Jharkhand, India

ABSTRACT Nickel is an essential micronutrient for leguminous plants. It has a large range between limiting and toxic levels. A pot experiment was conducted on two dominant soil series of Jharkhand i.e., Upland [Sidhamantoli (ST-5)] and Lowland [Tetratoli (TT-5)]. Five application levels of Ni, viz. 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg kg−1 with pea (Pisum sativum L.) as test crop were arranged in three blocks in a glass house. An increasing trend of pea dry matter was observed with increasing Ni application level up to 10.0 mg kg−1. Nickel content in pea plant over control was found 1.36 to 2.53 folds higher with Ni application 2.5 to 20.0 mg kg−1. Accumulation of Ni in soil of Sidhamantoli series (upland situation) was noticed 1.11–4.29 mg kg−1 in top and 1.31–5.68 mg kg−1 in bottom of the pot, while in Tetratoli soil series (low land situation) Ni content was found 1.40–5.35 mg kg−1 in top and 1.25–4.95 mg kg−1 in bottom soil. Nickel application stimulates Plant growth parameters and that gradually increased with increasing Ni application levels up to 5.0 mg kg−1 in Sidhamantoli and up to 10.0 mg kg−1 in Tetratoli soil series, while at 20 mg kg−1 Ni application in both soil conditions showed negative effect. So, appropriate precaution should be maintained in application of Ni in leguminous plants and fixed a threshold value of Ni application level 5.0 mg kg−1 in upland Sidhamantoli (ST-5) and 10.0 mg kg−1 in low land Tetratoli (TT-5) soil series of Jharkhand plateau.
DESENVOLVIMENTO PROFISSIONAL E COOPERAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL PARA PROFESSORES DE QUÍMICA: AVALIAÇÃO DA INTENÇÃO DE MUDANÇA PEDAGÓGICA APÓS FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA NO PORTO, PORTUGAL

This article assesses the intention of chemistry teachers to integrate digital media in their classes. The evaluation was performed using a structured questionnaire after participation in two professional development actions. The formative sessions were designed with the aim of training the chemistry teachers for pedagogical integration of digital media in teaching chemistry in high school. The participants were 25 chemistry teachers from different regions of Brazil, who were participating in an international cooperation program for the professional development of teachers in Portugal. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires containing questions about the motivations for innovation in education, attitudes and beliefs in relation to the training actions and face the pedagogical integration of digital media in the chemistry discipline. The data analysis shows a remarkable behavioral intention of adopting the media which is positively correlated with the attitudes and perceptions of control and negatively with subjective norm. These results suggest that interventions focused on technical and pedagogical training centered on subject content are suitable for the professional development of teachers.
A combined survey on distribution system state estimation and false data injection in cyber-physical power distribution networks

Poornachandratejasvi L. Bhattar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382355, India. Email: pooranchandra.tejasi@iitgn.ac. in Abstract The penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in distribution systems has entailed heavy deployment of monitoring and control infrastructure in the distribution system. This deployment of sensors and communication infrastructure has led to the emergence of a modern grid with a complex cyber‐physical network. On one hand, the cyber‐physical system can play a pivotal role in coordination and control of distribution systems through distribution system state estimation (DSSE). On the other hand, the risk caused by cyber‐attack has emerged as a major challenge for grid operation. The modelling aspects, namely DC loads, plug‐in‐vehicle and distributed generators (DGs) in DSSE and security aspects in cyber‐physical distribution systems, are highlighted herein. This paper is divided into different sections emphasising on the problems and challenges associated with DSSE, cyber‐attack focussing primarily on impact of false data injection (FDI) attack and co‐simulation platform for investigation of vulnerability of cyber‐physical systems. A comparative study among various DSSE and challenges namely, pseudo‐measurement, time synchronisation and communication issues are discussed. The potential investigation of FDI and need for a co‐simulation platform in distribution systems for risk analysis are also addressed. The opportunities and future research in the field of cyber‐physical distribution systems are discussed in depth.
Fractional Gabor Convolutional Network for Multisource Remote Sensing Data Classification

Remote sensing using multisensor platforms has been systematically applied for monitoring and optimizing human activities. Several advanced techniques have been developed to enhance and extract the spatially and spectrally semantic information in the hyperspectral image (HSI) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data processing and analysis. However, an abundance of redundant information and sometimes a lack of discriminative features reduce the efficiency and effectiveness of multisource classification methods. This article proposes a fractional Gabor convolutional network (FGCN), focusing on efficient feature fusion and comprehensive feature extraction. First, the proposed FGCN uses Octave convolution layers to perform multisource information fusion and preserve discriminative information. Second, fractional Gabor convolutional (FGC) layers are proposed to extract multiscale, multidirectional, and semantic change features. The completeness and discrimination of the multisource features using different FGC kernels are improved, which yield robust feature extraction against semantic changes. Finally, the fractional Gabor feature and spectral feature are combined with two weighting factors which can be learned during the network training. Experimental results and comparisons with state-of-the-art multisource classification methods indicate the effectiveness of the proposed FGCN. With the FGCN, we can obtain an 89.90% overall accuracy on the challenging Muufl Gulfport (MUUFL) data set, with an improvement of 3% over state-of-the-art methods.
Evaluating Landscape Complexity and the Contribution of Non‐Locality to Geomorphometry

A long‐standing question in geomorphology concerns the extent that statistical models of terrain elevations have adequate characteristics with respect to the known scaling properties of landscapes. In previous work, it has been challenging to ascribe statistical significance to metrics adopted to measure landscape properties. Here, we use a recently developed surrogate data algorithm to generate synthetic surfaces with identical elevation values to the source data set, while also preserving the value of the Hölder exponent at any point (the underpinning characteristic of a multifractal surface). Our primary source data are from a laboratory experiment on landscape evolution. This allows us to examine how the statistical properties of the surfaces evolve through time and the extent to which they depart from the simple (multi)fractal formalisms. We show that there is a strong departure that is driven by the diffusive processes in operation. The number of sub‐basins of a given channel order (for orders sufficiently small relative to the basin order) exhibits a clear increase in complexity after a steady‐state for sediment flux is established. We also study elevation data from Florida and Washington States, where the relative departure from simple multifractality is even more strongly expressed but is similar for two very different locations. Our results show that at the very least, the minimum complexity for a stochastic model for terrain statistics with appropriate geomorphic scalings needs to incorporate a conditioning between the pointwise Hölder exponents and elevation.
Corporate Governance and Financial Fraud of Wirecard

This paper examines the antecedents and consequences of the collapse of Wirecard AG, in June 2020, the “German Enron. ” Specifically, we investigate how the Wirecard’s ineffective corporate governance under the German’s financial regulatory system fails to serve their stakeholders, and how its management’s unethical behavior of earnings manipulation contribute to significant financial collapse for the company, and lead to the destruction of shareholders’ value. This paper examines how the internal and external governance and monitoring mechanisms failed to uncover the vast fraud at the German payments group at a much earlier stage. Furthermore, we find evidence consistent with the hypothesis that the continuous pressure of meeting or exceeding consensus on earnings estimates, management’s performance compensation based on the growth of Wirecard’s stock price, and the lack of proper supervision from the board of directors ultimately create the opportunities for management to manipulate earnings without being uncovered for several years. Such course of action has caused significant financial corporate misconduct for Wirecard and led to the destruction of firm value.
Analyzing NPP Response of Different Rangeland Types to Climatic Parameters over Mongolia

Global warming threatens ecosystem functions, biodiversity, and rangeland productivity in Mongolia. The study analyzes the spatial and temporal distributions of the Net Primary Production (NPP) and its response to climatic parameters. The study also highlights how various land cover types respond to climatic fluctuations from 2003 to 2018. The Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS) model was used to simulate the rangeland NPP of the last 16 years. Satellite remote sensing data products were mainly used as input for the model, where ground-based and MODIS NPP were used to validate the model result. The results indicated that the BEPS model was moderately effective (R2 = 0.59, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 13.22 g C m−2) to estimate NPP for Mongolian rangelands (e.g., grassland and sparse vegetation). The validation results also showed good agreement between the BEPS and MODIS estimates for all vegetation types, including forest, shrubland, and wetland (R2 = 0.65). The annual total NPP of Mongolia showed a slight increment with an annual increase of 0.0007 Pg (0.68 g C per meter square) from 2003 to 2018 (p = 0.82) due to the changes in climatic parameters and land cover change. Likewise, high increments per unit area found in forest NPP, while decreased NPP trend was observed in the shrubland. In conclusion, among the three climatic parameters, temperature was the factor with the largest influence on NPP variations (r = 0.917) followed precipitation (r = 0.825), and net radiation (r = 0.787). Forest and wetland NPP had a low response to precipitation, while inter-annual NPP variation shows grassland, shrubland, and sparse vegetation were highly sensitive rangeland types to climate fluctuations.
High-intensity activity according to playing position with different team formations in soccer

Background: A tactical factor such as playing formation seems to be another influencing factor in the physical performance of elite soccer players during the match. Some researchers have suggested that distances covered during high-intensity running in matches are valid measures of physical performance. They concluded that players covered greater distances of high-intensity activities during some team formations in comparison to others. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine high-intensity patterns of professional soccer players in relation to the positional role with two different playing formations. Methods: Match data were collected during official games systematically playing in 1-3-4-3 and 1-4-2-1-3 formations. Nineteen professional players (age 24.7 ± 4.8 years, body mass 74.5 ± 6.2 kg, height 176.3 ± 5.3 cm, percentage of body fat 9.7 ± 2.5%) were classified into five positional roles: central defender, wide defender, midfielder, wing and forward. Match performance variables included moderate-intensity running (14.9–19.8 km/h), high-speed running (19.9–25.2 km/h) and sprinting (> 25.2 km/h). The number of runs (#HSR, #SPR) and metabolic rates as HILR ([MIR + HSR + SPR]/min) and HSSL ([HSR + SPR]/min) were determined. Results: The statistical analysis revealed that #SPR (p = .045), HILR (p = .022) and HSSL (p = .019) were higher in 1-4-2-1-3 than 1-3-4-3 formation. According to the playing position, significant differences were found in HILR (p = .045) and HSSL (p = .028) for forwards during 1-4-2-1-3 and midfielders amounted more HILR than others in that team formation (p = .047). Additionally, wings amounted significantly higher #HSR (p = .011) and #SPR (p = .010) in 1-4-2-1-3, as long as forwards was the other position with more #SPR during that formation (p = .023). Conclusions: The players performed more high-intensity patterns in 1-4-2-1-3. Attackers and midfielders were the playing positions that held the most statistical differences comparing both team formations. These findings reveal that playing formation seems to be another potential factor of influence with respect to the physical performance of elite players if we consider their high-intensity profile in particular.
Impact of early corticosteroids on 60-day mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19: A multicenter cohort study of the OUTCOMEREA network

Objectives In severe COVID-19 pneumonia, the appropriate timing and dosing of corticosteroids (CS) is not known. Patient subgroups for which CS could be more beneficial also need appraisal. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of early CS in COVID-19 pneumonia patients admitted to the ICU on the occurrence of 60-day mortality, ICU-acquired-bloodstream infections(ICU-BSI), and hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia(HAP-VAP). Methods We included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to 11 ICUs belonging to the French OutcomeReaTM network from January to May 2020. We used survival models with ponderation with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Results The study population comprised 303 patients having a median age of 61.6 (53–70) years of whom 78.8% were male and 58.6% had at least one comorbidity. The median SAPS II was 33 (25–44). Invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 34.8% of the patients. Sixty-six (21.8%) patients were in the Early-C subgroup. Overall, 60-day mortality was 29.4%. The risks of 60-day mortality (IPTWHR = 0.86;95% CI 0.54 to 1.35, p = 0.51), ICU-BSI and HAP-VAP were similar in the two groups. Importantly, early CS treatment was associated with a lower mortality rate in patients aged 60 years or more (IPTWHR, 0.53;95% CI, 0.3–0.93; p = 0.03). In contrast, CS was associated with an increased risk of death in patients younger than 60 years without inflammation on admission (IPTWHR = 5.01;95% CI, 1.05, 23.88; p = 0.04). Conclusion For patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, early CS treatment was not associated with patient survival. Interestingly, inflammation and age can significantly influence the effect of CS.
Presence, flow, and narrative absorption questionnaires: a scoping review

Background: This is a review and analysis of the questionnaires most used in empirical research on psychological phenomena labelled as “presence,” “flow,” and “narrative absorption,” mostly for experiences mediated by technology (printed books, screens for games and films, and virtual reality). Overlapping concepts have been formulated in different fields according to specific disciplinary interests and based on knowledge within each field. Objectives: This review focuses on how language is actually used in questionnaire items, rather than on how concepts are formulated top-down and associated with corresponding linguistic expressions that become items of a questionnaire. The goal is to highlight similarities and overlaps in order to show a possible interdisciplinary agreement about the core aspects of the psychological states elicited by mediated experiences. Eligibility criteria: Questionnaires developed or used for research about VR, video games, films, or books have been selected for analysis. They should be available in English and used in empirical research since the year 2000. Sources of evidence: A search has been performed through Google Scholar and two other disciplinary bibliographies edited by international learned societies. Charting methods: The items of each questionnaire are categorized based on their wordings, and thus independently from the conceptual models within which they have been developed. Based on this categorization, various domains to which the items can be ascribed are identified (e.g. space, realism, agency, etc.) and psychological phenomena are linked to them (e.g. presence, social presence, narrative absorption, etc.). Results: 308 items in 23 questionnaires have been found to have overlapping of wordings. Conclusions: A list of the core aspects of presence, social presence, flow, and narrative absorption is presented, together with a critical selection of items suitable to measure each construct.
Pyrolytic oil from waste tyres as a promising encapsulated rejuvenator for the extrinsic self-healing of bituminous materials

Extrinsic self-healing of bituminous materials using encapsulated rejuvenators is a hot topic within road materials. Based on a circular economy vision for more sustainable and resilient asphalt pavements, this study explores for the first time the use of pyrolytic oil from waste tyres as a promising encapsulated rejuvenator to promote the extrinsic self-healing in bituminous materials. Pyrolytic oil-in-water emulsions, and capsules and their components were produced and characterised through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and SARA fractions analysis, fluorescence microscopy methods, creaming index, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DGT), optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), encapsulation efficiency and mechanical properties. Main results showed that the pyrolytic oil capsules presented an adequate morphology for the self-healing asphalt, with a good thermal stability, physical–chemical and mechanical properties. Overall, it was also proven that the pyrolytic oil is a rejuvenator that can diffuse in the aged bitumen reducing its viscosity to promote the self-healing of the microcracks.