Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Causes and Effects of High Blood Pressure: A Longitudinal Approach to Genetic Cosegregational Analysis

Summary: Numerous biochemical and physiological phenotypic differences exist between genetically normotensive and hypertensive rats. Only some of these differences however, are likely to he related to the primary mechanisms causing high blood pressure. Others, and perhaps the majority. Will he the result of either the secondary effects of hypertension or the result of incidental genetic differences between the strains that hear no relationship to the difference in blood pressure. Cosegregational analysis by cross-breeding normotensis e and hypertensive strains permits the identification of phenotypes that are genetically linked to high blood pressure. However, cosegregational analyses are still prone to the confounding effects of hypertension per se. which can obscure important phenotypic traits and might even mimic Mendelian inheritance of phenotypes by producing qualitative shifts in gene expression. This paper discusses a longitudinal approach to genetic analysis designed to increase the sensitivity with which primary causes of high blood pressure are identified, by beginning the analysis during the development of high blood pressure. At this stage, phenotypic abnormalities causing blood pressure to rise are most likely to he present, and the blood pressure elevation is small so that the confounding effects of elevated arterial pressure are minimized.
Renal allograft rejection with normal renal function in simultaneous kidney/pancreas recipients: does dissynchronous rejection really exist?

BACKGROUND Between July 1, 1994 and December 1, 1998, 147 simultaneous kidney/pancreas transplantations were performed at our center. Of 95 patients who experienced at least one acute renal allograft rejection episode after transplantation, 7 (7.4%) developed rejection in the presence of stable and normal or near-normal renal function. METHODS The indication for renal allograft biopsy was a rising serum lipase, i.e., suspected pancreatic rejection. All seven patients were treated with steroids and augmentation of the tacrolimus dose, with a fall in the serum lipase and no change in the serum creatinine. RESULTS The serum creatinine levels just before, at the time of, 1 week after the biopsy, and at most recent follow-up were 1.4+/-0.4, 1.3+/-0.3, 1.2+/-0.2, and 1.2+/-0.2 mg/dl. The serum lipase levels just before, at the time of, 1 week after the biopsy, and at most recent follow-up were 1022+/-1157 mg/dl, 874+/-996 mg/dl, 243+/-260 mg/dl, and 94+/-75 mg/dl. The tacrolimus dosages and levels at the time of the biopsy and 1 week later were 14.9+/-5.0 mg/day and 15.0+/-4.0 ng/ml, and 16.4+/-6.3 mg/day and 15.1+/-6.8 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, in patients undergoing simultaneous kidney/pancreas transplantation, the entity of dissynchronous pancreatic allograft rejection without renal allograft rejection may not really exist. These data also make an additional fundamental point that acute rejection may occur in patients with normal and stable renal function.
Simultaneous temporal processing.

Seven experiments assessed the ability of rats to process temporal information from two internal clocks simultaneously and independently. In the first six experiments a light stimulus signalled an overall interval between the beginning of a trial and the availability of food reinforcement (e.g., a 50-s fixed interval). During the overall interval a sound stimulus was used to signal shorter intervals that divided the overall interval into equal segments. When there was a fixed temporal relation between the final segment signal and the availability of reinforcement, there was a double-scallop pattern of responding throughout the segmented overall interval; the function relating response rate to time during segment intervals was similar to the function relating response rate to time in unsegmented overall intervals; a change in response rate occurred at the time that a normally presented segment signal was omitted. Taken together, the results indicate that rats timed the overall interval and the segment intervals simultaneously and independently without interference. In Experiment 7 a light stimulus was used on some trials, and a sound stimulus was used on other trials to signal a discrete-trial 50-s peak procedure. When these two signals were presented in compound, there was a leftward shift of the response function, which suggests that rats timed both signals simultaneously. For all of the experiments a scalar timing model with specific stimulus integration rules is used to explain the results. The stimulus integration rule used in the first six experiments, in which there were two signals for the same reinforcement, was to respond if both the segment and the overall interval had exceeded a response threshold. The stimulus integration rule used in Experiment 7, in which there were two signals for different reinforcements, was to respond if the response threshold for either interval had been exceeded.
Hepatitis C Virus Kinetics

The balance of virus production and clearance for untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) results in a decline of viraemia when initiating active antiviral treatment. During the first phase of interferon-α therapy, after a delay of about 8–9 h, the kinetics of the viral load is characterized by a rapid dose-dependent decline. This early response can be observed for almost all patients treated with interferon-α. After about 24–48 h, the viral decline enters a second phase of relatively slow exponential decay during the following weeks of therapy. Non-responding patients, however, show constant viraemia or even a rebound during this second phase. The rate of the exponential decline of the viral load in responding patients in this second phase is less sensitive to the dose of interferon-α and varies considerably among patients. Furthermore, combination therapy with interferon-α plus ribavirin does not significantly improve the initial viral decay, although it may prevent more patients from rebounding. Mathematical modelling of viral dynamics reveals high turnover rates of pre-treatment viral production and clearance, and permits the estimation of in vivo half-lives of a few hours for free HCV virions and of 1–70 days for productively infected cells. Infected cell death rate, which determines the second phase decline slope, is predictive of response to treatment. Current models indicate that the early biphasic viral decline is explained if interferon-α partially blocks virion production from infected cells, yet they do not rule out additional antiviral or immunological effects. Therapeutic implications are the advisability of use of frequent (daily) and comparatively high initial doses. In conclusion, kinetic analysis of the viral decay during the first weeks of treatment permits the prediction of response at the end-of-therapy and might help to evaluate new drugs and to optimize therapy.
Identification of direct lightning strike faults based on mahalanobis distance and S-transform

Direct lightning strike is one major cause of transmission line outage. A study on identification of direct lightning strike faults is beneficial for efficient and relevant repair, which is meaningful to lightning protection. In this paper, the reason for focusing on the lightning current of phase wires at the observation points is briefly explained first. Second, the simulation model by Alternative Transients Program- Electromagnetic Transients Program software (ATP-EMTP software), including the corona model, is established and its validity is proved. Third, the characteristic quantities based on Mahalanobis distance and S-Transform are deduced and presented, respectively. The accuracy rate of this identification method using simulation data is then obtained. Finally, to test its effectiveness, the identification method is applied to identify three actual lightning current examples. And the results from this identification method are reasonable and verifiable by time-domain characteristics from literature and the data acquired by Lightning Location System. This identification method is built on the measurement of the lightning current monitoring system based on differential-integral loop. In addition, this method is applicable to the identification of lightning current on phase wires.
Rationale for graduated licensing and the risks it should address

The increased crash risk of young, beginning drivers has long been cause for concern. Graduated licensing systems, which seek to phase in driving experience gradually over time, have recently been adopted by many states in an effort to reduce these risks. In an attempt to define the basic rationale for graduated licensing, relevant research evidence that describes the conditions under which risk is known to be increased for young drivers was reviewed. Potential changes in licensing laws that best address these known risk factors are described. It was found that certain situations contribute to even greater crash risk, most notably nighttime driving and driving with passengers in the peer group. The underlying premise for graduated licensing is that while crash risk of young drivers is heightened under all situations, some situations are more or less risky than others. If experience can be gained initially under lower risk conditions, both in the learning stage and when first licensed, crash risk will be reduced.
Synthesis and characterization of RbxMn[Fe(CN)6] and Mn3[Cr(CN)6]2

We present the synthesis and detailed characterization of RbxMn[Fe(CN)6] and Mn3[Cr(CN)6]2 compounds. The composition of the materials significantly depends on the preparation conditions. Analysis of Raman spectroscopic results and X-ray powder diffraction data yielded a further assessment of the changes in structural features. The characteristic individual magnetic behavior, as well as the metal-to-metal charge-transfer capabilities of the various samples, could be related to significant changes within the structure that appear to be associated with the synthesis method used.
Comparison of the vector potential of different mosquito species for the transmission of heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, in rural and urban areas in and surrounding Stillwater, Oklahoma, U.S.A.

Dirofilaria immitis Leidy (Spirurida: Onchocercidae), or heartworm, is a mosquito‐borne nematode that causes a fatal disease in carnivores. Although infection is preventable through prophylactic drugs, compliance and the spectre of resistance suggest vector control is a viable alternative. There were two main objectives in this study: (a) to evaluate the relationships between landscape and social factors and the number and species of heartworm‐positive mosquitoes, with a specific focus on the importance of the invasive Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Stegomyia albopicta) (Diptera: Culicidae), and (b) to test the hypothesis that dog heartworm is more prevalent in suburban than in rural areas. To achieve these objectives, mosquitoes were collected from May to November 2010 at 16 rural and 16 urban locations in Payne County, Oklahoma, U.S.A. using three trapping methods that utilized, respectively, resting boxes, carbon dioxide traps and BG Sentinel traps. Urban areas showed greater numbers of Ae. albopictus and a higher overall likelihood of infection with D. immitis. Because many species of mosquito are responsible for heartworm transmission, current prophylactic treatment remains the best method of controlling this parasite.
rv 8 : a high performance RISC-V to x 86 binary translator

Dynamic binary translation has a history of being used to ease transitions betweenCPU architectures[7], includingmicro-architectures. Modern x86 CPUs, while maintaining binary compatibility with their legacy CISC instruction set, have internal micro-architectures that resemble RISC. High performance x86micro-architectures have long used a CISC decoder front-end to crack complex instructions into smaller micro-operations. Recently macro-op fusion [17][6] has been used to combine several instructions into one micro-op. Both techniques change the shape of the ISA to match the internal μop micro-architecture. Well-known binary translators also use micro-op internal representations to provide an indirection between the source and target ISAs as this makes the addition of new instruction sets much easier. We present rv8, a high performance RISC-V simulation suite containing a RISC-V JIT (Just In Time) translation engine specifically targeting the x86-64 instruction set. Achieving the best possible mapping from a given source to target ISA pair requires a purpose designed internal representation. This paper explores a simple and fast translation from RISC-V to x86-64 that exploits knowledge of the geometries of the source and target ISAs, ABIs, and current x86-64 micro-architectures with a goal of producing a near optimal mapping from the 31 register source ISA to the 16 register target ISA. Techniques are explored that exploit the CISC encoding to increase instruction density, coalescing micro-ops into CISC instructions with the goal of generating the minimum number of micro-ops at the target micro-architectural level.
Brain tumor classification using mixed method approach

In this paper, we propose an effective mixed method approach for classification of brain tumor tissues. Here proposed system will be using Genetic Algorithm for feature Extraction and Support Vector machine for classification. These features are compared with stored features. Feature extraction is a method used to capture visual content of the image. The feature extraction is the method to signify raw image in its concentrated form to facilitate decision making such as pattern classification. The choice of features, which compose a big difficulty in classification techniques, is solved by using Genetic Algorithm. These features along with Support Vector Machine will be used to classify that tumor is normal and abnormal. If the tumor is get detected then by detecting the mean, mod, median of the tumor region we will classify this tumor tissues in gliomas, miningiomas, pitutatory, nerve sheath tumor etc. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated on a series of brain tumor images.
What is Cloud Computing and what are its benefits ?

Purpose: This paper helps Grid and Cloud system administrators and researchers to have a clear definition about Grid and Cloud computing and also wants to give clear differences between Cloud and Grid computing, define which are the main security issues to be considered, and how some of these security issues are solved. It also shows how existing security methods used in one of these technologies can be used in the other. Design/methodology/approach:A study about 11 different papers has been done in order to find common security solutions. Research limitations/implications: This is research done for the subject T-110.5290 Seminar in network security in the Master’s Programme in Mobile Computing Services and Security. No practical demonstrations were done while writting this paper. Practical implications: The findings of this study can be used by researchers of Grid and Cloud applications to develop new security solutions. This paper demonstrate that technologies such as TPM[9] and trust relationship management could be used in both technologies.
Expression and Assembly of Procoagulant Complexes by Human Pleural Mesothelial Cells

Summary Many pleural diseases involve fibrin deposition within the pleural cavity, an event that necessarily involves the mesothelium. This study of human pleural mesothelial cells (HPMC) was designed to determine how the mesothelium initiates and sustains the coagulation process. We used functional assays for activation of both factor X and prothrombin to examine expression and assembly of procoagulant activity by human pleural mesothelial cells in culture. The rates of factor Xa and thrombin formation were calcium-dependent. The rate of factor Xa formation in the presence of added factor VII increased in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that tissue factor is the primary procoagulant associated with HPMC. The fact that direct binding of radioiodinated factor Vila to HPMC was specific, concentration-dependent and saturable confirms that tissue factor is expressed on the cell surface. The rate of thrombin formation increased with factor Xa concentration, and the rate was 5-, 6-fold higher in presence of added factor Va indicating that HPMC support expression of prothrombinase activity. Further, direct binding of radioiodinated factor Xa to HPMC was specific, concentration-dependent and saturable, confirming that the cells support the assembly of the prothrombinase complex.
Can We Use Nanotechnology to Treat Cancer?

Could the next big change in cancer treatment actually be tiny? There are many reasons that cancer is such a difficult disease to treat. Scientists can either try to come up with new and better cancer medicines or they can find better ways for cancer patients to receive their medicines. This paper describes a possible new way to deliver cancer medicines using something called nanoparticles – tiny, tiny, sponge-like materials that have the cancer medicines inside. Scientists hope that nanoparticles will improve the delivery of the cancer medicine into tumors. By putting the medicine inside the nanoparticle, we can protect the healthy cells in the body from these strong medicines, and we might be able to use a lower dose of the medicine to treat the patient. This exciting technology is still being researched and improved, but could 1 day be used as an effective strategy to treat cancer patients.
Evolution in Changing Environments: The "Synthetic" Work of Clausen, Keck, and Hiesey

The studies of Clausen, Keck, and Hiesey (CKH) have been widely cited as exemplars of ecotypic differentiation in textbooks and in the primary literature. However, the scope of their findings and achievements is significantly greater than this. In this paper we analyze the research program of CKH, highlighting their major findings during the years when the modern synthesis of evolution was taking shape. That synthesis, curiously, drew little from their examples, although their studies at the Carnegie Institution represent conceptual and methodological work that is still relevant. The works of CKH not only embodied the principles of the nascent synthesis, but often provided needed supporting data. Their classic work, especially on Achillea and Potentilla, produced abundant evidence on population differentiation of many quantitative traits and plant phenotypes, as well as demonstrating the now commonly reported distinction between environmental and genetic determination of traits. Their ecological genetic investigations of quantitative traits in plants were in sharp contrast to contemporaneous animal studies on adaptation that focused on discrete polymorphisms-with correspondingly little influence of the environment on phenotypic expression. Of utmost importance was the demonstration by CKH of adaptive differentiation by natural selection and their approaches to understanding the genetic structure of populations.
From honeybees to robots and back: division of labour based on partitioning social inhibition

In this paper, a distributed adaptive partitioning algorithm inspired by division of labor in honeybees is investigated for its applicability in a swarm of underwater robots in one hand and is qualitatively compared with the behavior of honeybee colonies on the other hand. The algorithm, partitioning social inhibition (PSI), is based on local interactions and uses a simple logic inspired from age-polyethism and task allocation in honeybee colonies. The algorithm is analyzed in simulation and is successfully applied here to partition a swarm of underwater robots into groups demonstrating its adaptivity to changes and applicability in real world systems. In a turn towards the inspiration origins of the algorithm, three honeybee colonies are then studied for age-polyethism behaviors and the results are contrasted with a simulated swarm running the PSI algorithm. Similar effects are detected in both the biological and simulated swarms suggesting biological plausibility of the mechanisms employed by the artificial system.
Studies on the pathogenesis of meningitis. II. Development of meningitis during pneumococcal bacteremia.

In a previous publication we described an experimental form of pneumococcal meningitis in dogs, which was produced by introduction of type III pneumococci into the subarachnoid space through a small midline burr hole placed equidistant between the coronal and occipital sutures (1). The infection produced in this manner involved the entire neuraxis and, with the exception of marked changes in the spinal cord, closely resembled that found in man. It seems unlikely, however, that entry from the external environment is the only means by which bacteria enter the subarachnoid space. An alternative possibility is that the meninges are infected by way of the blood stream. The present paper is concerned with the development of meningitis during pneumococcal bacteremia in dogs. With the exception of the early report by Bull (2) that intravenous administration of pneumococci to dogs was followed by meningitis, in most studies intravenous injection of a variety of microorganisms into rabbits, dogs, monkeys, and cats has not resulted in infection of the meninges (3-7). Weed, Wegeforth, Ayer and Felton (6, 8), however, regularly observed meningitis when
An Evolutionary Approach to The Use of Neural Network in The Segmentation of Handwritten Numerals

Neural networks are now widely and successfully used in the recognition of handwritten numerals. Despite their wide use in recognition, neural networks have not seen widespread use in segmentation. Segmentation can be extremely difficult in the presence of connected numerals, fragmented numerals, and background noise, and its failure is a principal cause of rejected and incorrectly read documents. Therefore, strategies leading to the successful application of neural technologies to segmentation are likely to yield important performance benefits. In this paper we identify problems that have impeded the use of neural networks in segmentation and describe an evolutionary approach to applying neural networks in segmentation. Our approach, based upon the use of monotonic fuzzy valued decision functions computed by feed-forward neural networks, has been successfully employed in a production system.