Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPACT&#8212;A point-defect-based two-dimensional process simulator: Modeling the lateral oxidation-enhanced diffusion of dopants in silicon

This paper presents a point-defect-based two-dimensional process simulator, the Isen modeling package for integrated circuits technology (IMPACT). IMPACT simulates both dopant and interstitial redistribution during the usual IC fabrication steps. Based upon Hu's model, a study has been made on the interstitial kinetics, and 2D oxidation-enhanced diffusion has been investigated. A complete set of model parameters is given for dry oxidation in silicon. A good agreement is obtained for a wide range of experiments: time-dependent excess self-interstitial concentration deduced from stacking fault length measurements; 1D and 2D oxidation enhanced diffusion, and diffusivity enhancement due to backside oxidations.
XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM COMPLEMENTATION GROUP F: MORE ASSIGNMENTS AND REPAIR CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract— The specific heterodikaryon complementation method enabled us to assign three patients with mild xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) symptoms (XP25KO, XP27KO, XP28KO) to complementation group F. UV‐induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) remained unnormalized in the heterodikaryons between either of the above three XP strains and the reference group F XP3YO. All these particular XP strains as well as XP3YO exhibited an equally low level of10–15% UDS by a 3 h [3H]‐thymidine labeling following 10 J/m2 254 nm UV, while they attained 60% UDS of normal at an extended time of 25 h. The present group F strains were 3 and 1.5 times as sensitive to the lethal effect of UV as normal and XP group E cells, respectively, based on the mean lethal dose (Do) comparison. Normal cells had the biphasic time‐UDS kinetics of early rapid and late slow repair. Characteristically, however, all of the present group F strains were defective in only early rapid repair, but normally proficient in slow repair.
Radial versus tangential migration of neuronal clones in the developing cerebral cortex.

The cerebral cortex is a striking example of an ingenious and economic design of nature. Although the surface area of the neocortex is vastly different in the wide variety ofmammals, the consistent feature of the cortex is its organization into horizontal and vertical arrays of neurons that form anatomically and physiologically distinct laminar and columnar compartments (1, 2). The application of a variety of neurobiological methods in the past two decades has provided the basis for a formulation of the dynamic cellular principles underlying cortical development (for review, see ref. 3). All cortical neurons in primates, including humans, are generated during the first half of gestation within the proliferative zone lining the surface of.the cerebral ventricle (4). After their final mitotic division, cortical neurons migrate away from the place of their origin, toward the pial surface, where each successive generation passes one another and settles in an inside-out pattern within the cortical plate (5). This sequential pattern is particularly pronounced in the large convoluted primate cerebrum, where migratory pathways are long and tortuous (3). Postmitotic neurons during their migration tend to selectively follow the membrane surface of elongated nonneuronal, radial glial fascicles that transiently span fetal cerebral wall (6). This finding led to the concept of differential neuron-glial cell adhesion and stimulated a search for the molecular mechanisms underlying directed neuronal migration (7, 8). It also led to the formulation of radial unit hypothesis of cortical development.
Cardiovascular dynamics during exercise are related to blood rheology.

BACKGROUND The principal determinants of oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics are controversial, with dynamic changes in central and peripheral factors mediating oxygen supply and utilisation suggested to be limiting. The aim of this study was to determine whether important parameters of blood rheology were related to the exercise-induced time-course changes in VO2 and cardiac output (Qc), or steady-state arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2D) during submaximal cycling. METHODS AND RESULTS Blood was collected from ten healthy, recreationally active males and females (age: 21.7 ± 1.3 yr; body mass index: 22.7 ± 2.0 kg · m(-2)), before each subject cycled at 105% of the first ventilatory threshold. Red blood cell aggregation was negatively correlated with steady-state VO2 during exercise and the a-vO2D at rest (r = -0.73, p < 0.05), and positively correlated to Qc at rest (r = 0.71, p < 0.05). Blood viscosity at various shear rates was negatively correlated with the time constant of VO2 (all p < 0.01) on-transient kinetics. Red blood cell deformability at various shear stress was positively correlated to the time constant of VO2 (all p < 0.05) on-transient kinetics. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest that the rheological properties of blood may modulate, at least in part, the rate of change in the uptake and/or utilisation of oxygen at the onset of exercise.
Serum Voriconazole Levels following Administration via Percutaneous Jejunostomy Tube

Candida glabrata causes approximately 5 to 15% of non-albicans Candida infections (2). Amphotericin B or high doses of fluconazole have been the “gold standard” for management of all systemic yeast infections (2, 5, 9). Voriconazole, a new triazole antifungal drug, has lower MICs than fluconazole and itraconazole for C. glabrata (1, 4, 5). We describe a case in which a patient with infection due to C. glabrata was successfully treated with the oral formulation of voriconazole delivered by jejunostomy tube. A 66-year-old man was admitted with cervical pain and fever. Three months before, he had been treated for esophageal carcinoma with preoperative chemoradiation therapy and surgery. Six blood cultures yielded Streptococcus constellatus. A cervicomediastinal CT scan showed an esophagogastric fistula, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed C5-C7 spondylitis with an epidural abscess. A C5-C6 partial vertebrectomy was performed, and intraoperative cultures yielded Escherichia coli, Streptococcus species, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, and C. glabrata. The patient was treated with systemic antibiotics, intravenous amphotericin B, laryngopharyngectomy, and mediastinal drainage. In addition, a jejunostomy tube was inserted under fluoroscopic control. Fourteen days later, the antifungal regimen was changed to voriconazole plus flucytosine. Voriconazole tablets (4 mg/kg twice daily for a body weight of 70 kg) were crushed, suspended in 50 ml of water, and delivered by jejunostomy tube. Blood drug levels were measured by solid-phase extraction followed by reversed liquid phase chromatography with UV detection. Peak serum drug concentrations were 2.5, 2.55, and 2.6 mg/liter and trough serum drug concentrations were 1.7, 1.75, and 1.4 mg/liter on days 2, 8, and 28, respectively. These values are similar to those reported after oral administration (8). No side effects or recurrence of the fungal infection was observed during follow-up. Unfortunately, the patient died from a fistula situated between the trachea and the gastroplasty 30 days after the beginning of therapy and leading to ineffective mechanic ventilation. Voriconazole may be an alternative for treatment of C. glabrata infections because of its greater in vitro and in vivo activity, fewer adverse effects, and high oral bioavailability (5-7). Although percutaneous jejunostomy tubes may be used for enteral nutrition or for administration of drugs after gastrointestinal surgery or during the course of cervical neoplasm growth, altered pharmacokinetics have been described for antimicrobial drugs administered by jejunostomy (3). In the case described in this report, this mode of administration was associated with adequate levels of voriconazole in plasma and successful infection control.
[Triiodothyronine does not increase osteogenic differentiation reduced by age in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of female rats].

OBJECTIVE To examine if triiodothyronine (T3) increases osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) of adult rats compared with young rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS BMMSCs were cultured in osteogenic medium and distributed into six groups: 1) BMMSCs of young rats; 2) BMMSCs of adult rats; 3, 4, 5 and 6) BMMSCs of adult rats with T3 (0.01, 1, 100 to 1000 nM). We analyzed alkaline phosphatase activity, dimethylthiazol (MTT) conversion, and collagen synthesis at 7, 14, and 21 days, and percentage of cells per field and number of mineralized nodules at 21 days of differentiation. RESULTS T3 reduced MTT conversion, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and the synthesis of mineralizalized nodules in at least one of the doses and periods studied (p < 0.05). Values were lower when compared with young and adult rats BMMSCs (p < 0.05) without T3. CONCLUSION T3 has a negative effect on the factors involved in osteogenic differentiation of BMMSC from adult rats.
Repartition de la biomasse chez vitis vinifera l. ; rendement de conversion du rayonnement solaire global et couts energetiques

La croissance aerienne annuelle a l'echelle d'un peuplement de vigne a ete estimee in situ pendant les annees 1998 a 2000. Des equations allometriques pour le cepage merlot, fondees sur la correlation existante entre les caracteres morphologiques et la biomasse des organes ont ete creees de maniere a estimer de maniere non destructive la matiere seche vegetative, ainsi que celle des grappes, produite par la culture a n'importe quel stade phenologique. L'efficience d'utilisation du rayonnement de la vigne pour produire la biomasse aerienne annuelle a ete evaluee a 0. 70 et 0. 57 g de ms mj 1 rg absorbe en 1999 et 2000, respectivement. Ces rendements sont independants d'une large gamme de variation du niveau de nutrition azotee. Les couts de croissance et de maintenance chez la vigne ont ete evalues a partir de mesures de la composition biochimique de la matiere seche. Un referentiel de composition des differents organes de la vigne incluant les racines a ete constitue pour des vignes cultivees en conditions controlees ainsi qu'au vignoble. Un bilan complet des utilisations du carbone par la vigne a ete etabli, ce qui permet de proposer une premiere evaluation precise de l'allocation des ressources carbonees par la vigne.
Evaluation of the induced electric field and compliance procedure for a wireless power transfer system in an electrical vehicle

In this study, an induced electric field in a human body is evaluated for the magnetic field leaked from a wireless power transfer system for charging an electrical vehicle. The magnetic field from the wireless power transfer system is modelled computationally, and its effectiveness is confirmed by comparison with the field measured in a previous study. The induced electric field in a human standing around the vehicle is smaller than the allowable limit prescribed in international guidelines, although the magnetic field strength in the human body is locally higher than the allowable external field strength. Correlation between the external magnetic field and the induced electric field is confirmed to be reasonable at least in the standing posture, which is the case discussed in the international standard. Based on this finding, we discussed and confirmed the applicability of a three-point magnetic field measurement at heights of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m for safety compliance.
The snapping iliopsoas tendon: new mechanisms using dynamic sonography.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to describe new mechanisms responsible for the snapping iliopsoas tendon using dynamic sonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the video recordings obtained during dynamic sonography studies used to establish the diagnosis of 18 snapping iliopsoas tendons in 14 patients (nine females and five males; age range, 13-50 years) who presented clinically with either unilateral (n = 10) or bilateral (n = 4) snapping hips. During dynamic imaging, the transducer was positioned in a transverse oblique plane just above the hip joint parallel to the pubic bone. For all patients, the hip movement that generated the snapping consisted of bringing the hip from flexion-abduction-external rotation back to the neutral position. RESULTS In 14 of 18 hips, the snapping was provoked by the sudden flipping of the iliopsoas tendon around the iliac muscle, allowing abrupt contact of the tendon against the pubic bone and producing an audible snap. Other causes of snapping iliopsoas tendon were bifid tendon heads flipping over one another (n = 3) and iliopsoas tendon impinging over an anterior paralabral cyst (n = 1). CONCLUSION New mechanisms of snapping iliopsoas tendon have been described using dynamic sonography. Sudden iliopsoas tendon flipping over the iliac muscle was the most common cause of snapping hip.
Dynamics of ring polymers in the presence of fixed obstacles.

The configurations and dynamics of a polymer ring ($R$) inside a strongly crosslinked polymer gel ($G$) are discussed and compared to those of linear ($L$) and branched ($B$) polymers in $G$. $R$ is not topologically connected to $G$ in the sense that the contour line of $R$ can be reduced to a point without crossing any of the chains of $G$. This topological requirement leads to the correspondence between the configurations of $R$ in $G$ and the set of lattice trees (randomly branched polymers). But the dynamics of $R$ in $G$ is much faster than that of entangled $B$, and is similar to the dynamics of entangled $L$.
Specialization, Exchange and Complex Societies

1. Specialisation, exchange, and complex societies: an introduction Elizabeth M. Brumfiel and Timothy K. Earle 2. Salt, chert, and shell: Mississippian exchange and economy Jon Muller 3. Unequal development in Copper Age Iberia Antonio Gilman 4. From stone to bronze: the evolution of social complexity in Northern Europe, 2300-1200 BC Kristian Kristiansen 5. Power and moral order in precolonial West-Central Africa Michael Rowlands 6. Specialisation and the production of wealth: Hawaiian chiefdoms and the Inka empire Timothy K. Earle 7. Economic change in the lowland Maya Late Classic period Prudence M. Rice 8. The role of the be in the formation of the Yamato State Gina L. Barnes 9. Elite and utilitarian crafts in the Aztec state Elizabeth M. Brumfiel 10. Forms of finance and forms of production: the evolution of specialised livestock production in the ancient Near East Kathleen F. Galvin.
16q heterozygosity loss in Wilms' tumour in children and its clinical importance.

INTRODUCTION The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 16q is a structural change detected in about 20-30% of Wilms' tumour cases. Aberrations which result in deletion of 16q are also found in breast cancer, prostate cancer and liver cancer, where they are connected with a worse prognosis. The hypothesis of a bad prognosis in nephroblastomas with LOH 16q was first formulated by scientists from NWTS (National Wilms Tumor Study) on the basis of 232 cases of Wilms' tumour. However, SIOP studies (International Society of Paediatric Oncology) which included 28 cases of Wilms' tumour, did not show any clinico-pathological correlations with LOH 16q. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the importance of LOH 16q in relation to clinico-pathological factors in a group of children, treated according to the SIOP criteria. AIMS The aim of this work was to evaluate the frequency of LOH 16q in sporadic unilateral Wilms' tumour and to study the relationship between LOH 16q and selected patho-clinical parameters. The study comprised 66 children (31 girls and 35 boys) aged from 2 days to 13 years. METHODS LOH 16q was studied by the examination of polymorphism of marker sequences in the region 16q24. DNA was isolated from paraffin sections of tissue for routine microscopic examination by the microdissection method. The method of study involved the amplification of polymorphic sequences from the 16q24 region by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and separation of the products of amplification by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results were the subject of statistical analysis in relation to gender, age of child at first diagnosis, stage of clinical advancement and histological type of tumour. The connection between LOH 16q and recurrences, metastases and death, and failure free survival and absolute survival of children followed-up for over 24 months after nephrectomy were studied. RESULTS The study revealed a lack of correlation between LOH 16q and gender, however LOH 16q was more frequent in children with Wilms' tumour aged >24 months, P<0.05. Also, LOH 16q was more frequent in tumours classified as clinical stage (CS) II or III than in CS I, P<0.05, but there were no differences in the occurrence of LOH 16q in tumours classified as CS II and CS III. We have found no correlation between LOH 16q and the histological type of tumour. However, LOH 16q has been found three times as frequently in tumours from children who died than in tumours of children who survived, P<0.0024.
Quorum sensing improves current output with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a strict acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic bacterium that obtains its energy from reduced inorganic sulfur species or ferrous iron oxidation under aerobic conditions. Carbon felt electrodes were pre‐colonized by A. ferrooxidansATCC 23270T using ferrous iron or sulfur as electron donors, via the addition (or not) of a mixture of C14 acyl‐homoserine lactones (C14‐AHLs). Electrode coverage during pre‐colonization was sparse regardless of the electron donor source, whereas activation of quorum sensing significantly enhanced it. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) inoculated with pre‐colonized electrodes (which behaved as biocathodes) were more efficient in terms of current production when iron was used as an electron donor. Biocathode coverage and current output were remarkably increased to −0.56 A m−2 by concomitantly using iron‐based metabolism and C14‐AHLs. Cyclic voltammetry displayed different electrochemical reactions in relation to the nature of the electron donor, underlying the implication of different electron transfer mechanisms.
Illuminating membrane fusion

Membrane fusion is a central event for a wide variety of biological processes, such as transport of cargo through the secretory and endocytic pathways, organelle inheritance, neurotransmission, and viral entry into host cells, among others. Hence, understanding the mechanism(s) of physiological membrane fusion is a subject of wide biological interest, and extensive studies using theoretical and experimental approaches have been devoted to this goal (1). It is generally believed that fusion proceeds through a “stalk intermediate” involving a merger of the proximal leaflets of the two bilayers. This intermediate may lead directly to formation of a fusion pore followed by expansion of the pore, but it may also arrest, at least transiently, to yield what is known as a “hemifusion intermediate. ” In addition, electrophysiological studies of neurosecretion have suggested that fusion pores can open and close quickly, a phenomenon called “flickering,” and that fusion pore formation can be followed by fast membrane fission leading to separation of the two membranes (known as “kiss-and-run”) (2). Because of the fleeting nature of these intermediates and events as well as of potential alternative phenomena, their detailed study using defined reconstituted systems is very challenging. An ingenious method described by Yoon et al. (3) in this issue of PNAS now provides a powerful tool that can yield unprecedented information on membrane fusion at the single-vesicle level.
Posttranslational modification of CENP-A influences the conformation of centromeric chromatin

Centromeres are chromosomal loci required for accurate segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis. The location of the centromere on the chromosome is not dependent on DNA sequence, but rather it is epigenetically specified by the histone H3 variant centromere protein A (CENP-A). The N-terminal tail of CENP-A is highly divergent from other H3 variants. Canonical histone N termini are hotspots of conserved posttranslational modification; however, no broadly conserved modifications of the vertebrate CENP-A tail have been previously observed. Here, we report three posttranslational modifications on human CENP-A N termini using high-resolution MS: trimethylation of Gly1 and phosphorylation of Ser16 and Ser18. Our results demonstrate that CENP-A is subjected to constitutive initiating methionine removal, similar to other H3 variants. The nascent N-terminal residue Gly1 becomes trimethylated on the α-amino group. We demonstrate that the N-terminal RCC1 methyltransferase is capable of modifying the CENP-A N terminus. Methylation occurs in the prenucleosomal form and marks the majority of CENP-A nucleosomes. Serine 16 and 18 become phosphorylated in prenucleosomal CENP-A and are phosphorylated on asynchronous and mitotic nucleosomal CENP-A and are important for chromosome segregation during mitosis. The double phosphorylation motif forms a salt-bridged secondary structure and causes CENP-A N-terminal tails to form intramolecular associations. Analytical ultracentrifugation of phospho-mimetic CENP-A nucleosome arrays demonstrates that phosphorylation results in greater intranucleosome associations and counteracts the hyperoligomerized state exhibited by unmodified CENP-A nucleosome arrays. Our studies have revealed that the major modifications on the N-terminal tail of CENP-A alter the physical properties of the chromatin fiber at the centromere.
A Posteriori Error Estimates of Stabilization of Low-Order Mixed Finite Elements for Incompressible Flow

In this paper, we derive a posteriori error estimates for the stabilization of low-order mixed finite element methods for the Stokes equations. By defining different projection estimators, we prove that, up to higher order perturbation terms, the estimators yield global upper and lower bounds on the error of stabilized finite element methods. In numerical tests, each error estimator is shown to be equivalent to the discretization error. It is also shown that the adaptive strategy based on both projection estimators is efficient to detect local singularities in the flow problems.