Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH SPEED AND LOW POWER ERSFQ DECODER FOR MEMORIES

: We have designed and tested at high speed and low power RSFQ-decoder, the critical component of an 8-bit RSFQ processor data path. The memory design is based on an asynchronous wave-pipelined approach scalable for wide datapath processors. We report on the development of energy-efficient decoders for memory and register file. To reduce the pitch, area, and energy, our decoder employs scalable binary tree architecture. We implemented these decoders using ERSFQ logic controlled by magnetically coupled address lines. These lines are driven by energy-efficient drivers based on the current-stirring technique. We experimentally confirmed the functionality of the circuits achieves better performance compared to the previous designs.
The Expression and Significance of CDK-2 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective The propose of the research was focused on the expression levels of CDK2 in the tissues of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and chronic inflammation nasopharyngeal membrane.And it may relate to the pathogenesis and clinical significance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma which had been observed in the field of cell cycle.Methods Immunohistochemistry(sp) was used to examine the expression levels of CDK2 protein in the tissues of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and chronic inflammation nasopharyngeal membrane.Results Most of the CDK2 protein positive expression was found in cell nucleus,but some was found in the kytoplasm and its color was brown yellow or dark brown.The positive expression rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from 62 patients was 69.40%(43/62),and that of the chronic inflammation nasopharyngeal membrane was 32.0%(9/28). The difference of the two groups was found statistical significance(P0.05);the expression levels of CDK2 were related to the differential degree,the range of lymph node metastases and clinical staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,the difference was been found statistical significance(P0.05). Conclusion The expression levels of CDK2 in the tissues of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was obviously higher than that of the chronic inflammation nasopharyngeal membrane,which means CDK2 may relate to the genesis and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.The expression level of CDK2 was related to the differential degree,the range of lymph node metastases and clinical staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Transparent Object Classiﬁcation using 4D CNN

: Despite the increasing popularity of image processing techniques for object classiﬁcation, no e ﬃ cient technique has been found to classify transparent objects. In this paper, we tackle this issue by proposing various uses of Convolutionnal Neural Networks, and comparing their e ﬃ ciency. The method considered as the most e ﬃ cient will then be more attentively studied, in order to identify its main features.
Development of proglacial lakes and evaluation of related outburst susceptibility at Adygine ice-debris complex, northern

The formation and development of glacial lakes in mountainous regions is one of the consequences of glacier recession. Such lakes may drain partially or completely when the stability of their dams are disturbed or as a consequence of impacts. We present a case study from the Central Asian mountain range of Tien Shan – a north-oriented tributary of the Adygine Valley, where the retreat of a polythermal glacier surrounded by permafrost has resulted in the formation of several generations of lakes. The aim of this study was to analyse the past development of different types of glacial lakes influenced by the same glacier, to project the site’s future development, and to evaluate the outburst susceptibility of individual lakes with an outlook for expected future change. We addressed the problem using a combination of methods, namely bathymetric, geodetic and geophysical on-site surveys, satellite images and digital elevation model analysis, and modelling of glacier development. Based on this case of the glacial lakes being of varied age and type, we demonstrated the significance of glacier ice in lake development. Lake 3, which is in contact with the glacier terminus, has changed rapidly over the last decade, expanding both in area and depth, and increasing its volume by more than 13 times (7800 m to 106 000 m). The hydrological connections and routing of glacier meltwater have proved to be an important factor as well, since most lakes in the region are drained by subsurface channels. As the site is at the boundary between continuous and discontinuous permafrost, the subsurface water flow is strongly governed by the distribution of non-frozen zones above, within or beneath the perennially frozen ground. In the evaluation of lake outburst susceptibility, we have highlighted the importance of field data, which can provide crucial information on lake stability. In our case, an understanding of the hydrological system at the site, and its regime, helped to categorise Lake 2 as low outburst susceptible, while Lakes 1 and 3 were labelled as lakes with medium outburst susceptibility. Further development of the site will be driven mainly by rising air temperatures and increasingly negative glacier mass balance. All three climate model scenarios predicted a significant glacier areal decrease by 2050, specifically leaving 73.2% (A1B), 62.3% (A2) and 55.6% (B1) of the extent of the glacier in 2012. The glacier retreat will be accompanied by changes in glacier runoff, with the first peak expected around 2020, and the formation of additional lakes.
Soft Skills for Successful Anaesthesia Practice

What kind of profession is anaesthesia? If we ask this question to the general public we would get an unanimous response; 'COOL'. Heart breaking.isn't it? Nevertheless instead of taking this remark as a derogatory one, it can be considered as a complement. Let us dig this further to understand the unimpeachable reality hidden in it. What happens after we finish a caesarean of a high risk elderly primigravida with hypertension, diabetes, hypothyroid, who also happens to be overweight; successfully under spinal anaesthesia.Well, the obstetrician thanks us! The patient is surprised and says 'But my anaesthetist did nothing other than lightly pricking me in the back, injecting drugs here and there, holding my hand and talking and listening to me while looking coolly at the monitor. ' To this the (friendly) obstetrician would retaliate, “Surgeons are worried if the anaesthetist is moving around in anxiety. We can work and know that 'all is well' only if the anaesthetist is cool and relaxed. ” This brings us to the insight about certain traits that we as anaesthetist subconsciously acquire being in the noble profession. Let's dissect these traits further. The obstetrician as well as the patient said that the anaesthetist was cool/relaxed, can it really be so? The answer is clearly NO. But what was projected to them as being relaxed or cool was a well composed and calm anaesthetist. The patient was impressed by the anaesthetist who was courteous and empathised her by talking and assuring her. The anaesthetist did not only have strong speaking abilities but was also a good listener. And above all, the anaesthetist was looking at the monitor; that's a sign of vigilance. So, the overall demeanour of the anaesthetist disclosed her composure, calmness, courtesy, empathy, communication, confidence and vigilance. Aren't these cues equally important than merely giving spinal anaesthesia in this case? What are these skills other than technical fluency and how do we acquire them? Yes, these are the soft skills. 'Soft skills'; the term literally means traits that complement hard or technical skills. “Soft skills are set of skills used by humans when performing tasks or carrying out procedures while interacting with each other and underlying systems” [1]. Anaesthesia practice is usually compared to aviation industry, both being high reliability domains.Both the disciplines demand calmness under intense pressure, compulsive attention to minute detail and vigilance during long periods of quasi boredom. Even the impetus for developing soft skill development programmes is attributed to some high profile aviation disasters in past wherein the analogies concluded that the mishaps took place as a result of lack of non-technical skills amongst the pilots [2]. The lessons learnt from aviation incidences helped in forming a taxonomical framework of nontechnical skills as follows: 1. Situation awareness 2. Decision making 3. Team work 4. Leadership 5. Management of stress and fatigue
Running title : TORC 1 responds to proteotoxic stress 1 2 Title 3 TORC 1 regulates autophagy induction in response to 4 proteotoxic stress in yeast and human cells 5 6

1 Misfolded and aggregated proteins are eliminated to maintain protein homeostasis. 2 Autophagy contributes to removal of protein aggregates. However, if/how proteotoxic 3 stress induces autophagy is poorly understood. Here we show that proteotoxic stress 4 after treatment of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZC), a toxic proline analog, induces 5 autophagy in budding yeast. AZC treatment attenuated target of rapamycin complex 1 6 (TORC1) activity and thereby Atg13, a key factor of autophagy, was dephosphorylated. 7 By contrast, AZC treatment did not affect target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2). 8 Proteotoxic stress also induced TORC1 inactivation and autophagy in fission yeast and 9 human cells. This study suggests that TORC1 is a conserved key factor to cope with 10 proteotoxic stress in eukaryotic cells. 11 12 Introduction 13 Maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) under normal and adverse stress 14 (e.g., high temperature) conditions is essential for all living organisms [1, 2]. To 15 preserve proteostasis, misfolded or denatured proteins are refolded or degraded by the 16 protein quality control (PQC) system, consisting of molecular chaperones, the ubiquitin 17 proteasome system, and autophagy [2, 3]. Severe proteotoxic stress or dysfunction of 18 the PQC system causes accumulation of cellular misfolded proteins and protein 19 aggregates, causing impairments of cellular functions and cell death. Many diseases, 20 including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and 21 Huntington’s disease, are connected with accumulation of toxic misfolded proteins [4, 22 5]. 23 Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), a nutrient-activating protein kinase, 24 promotes diverse cellular metabolic events for cell growth, including ribosome 25 biogenesis and translation [6, 7]. TORC1 activity is attenuated in various stresses, such 26 as nutrient starvation, DNA damage, and hypoxia [8, 9]. In addition, it has been reported 27 that proteotoxic stress after azetidine 2-carboxylic acid (AZC) attenuated mammalian 28 TORC1 (mTORC1) activity in human cells [10, 11]. AZC is a toxic proline analog that 29 is incorporated into synthesized protein competitively and can generates misfolded 30 proteins and protein aggregates [12, 13]. AZC treatment is ideal for analysis of bulk 31 proteotoxic stress response as compared with heat shock treatment, since heat shock 32
2 Virulence Strategies of Plant Pathogenic

Plant pathogenic bacteria have evolved several unique virulence strategies to successfully infect their hosts. One current area of intense research in the field of plant-pathogen interactions is the identification and characterization of pathogenvirulence factors and the elucidation of their mode of action within the host. This chapter summarizes recent progress in this area of research, focusing on four Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that grow on living tissue and cause primarily leaf spotting or wilt diseases of plants: Pseudomonas syringae, Xanthomonas campestris, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Erwinia amylovora, the causal agents of leaf spots, leaf blights, vascular wilts, and fire blights, respectively. The focus is on these pathogens because significant progress has been made in recent years toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying their virulence. The recently available genome sequence data of various strains of several of these pathogens have also begun to provide additional insight into their virulence strategies. Further, because several of these pathogens can infect Arabidopsis thaliana, use of molecular and geneticapproachestoinvestigatethemodeofactionofpathogen virulencefactors within this host has significantlycontributed to our understanding of the virulence strategies of these plant pathogenic bacteria.
In vitro antagonistic potential of Trichoderma sp. against Rhizoctonia solani under heavy metal stress

Biocontrol potential of four isolates of Trichoderma sp. viz . , MT-4, UBT-18, IBT-I and IBT-II were evaluated against R. solani under stress of nickel and cadmium. Dual culture experiment showed that exposure to metal gradient did not affect significantly the growth inhibition of R. solani by the test antagonist isolates. UBT-18 and IBT-II were found most potential isolates suppressing the mycelia growth of R. solani in dual culture under nickel and cadmium stress, respectively. Competitive parasitic survival exhibited that there was significant increase in colonization of sclerotia of R. solani by application of Trichoderma spp. irrespective of isolate concerned and exposure to metals’ gradient. No variation was found in parasitic survival of antagonist isolates on sclerotia at a given concentration of heavy metal. The test isolates reduced the growth of R. solani under nickel stress inspite of reduced volatile antibiotic production with highest production recorded in MT-4. Cadmium stress induced volatile antibiotic production with highest production by UBT 18. Although, growth of R. solani reduced with increased levels of nickel and cadmium, further inhibition of growth may be attributed to non-volatile antibiotic production by the antagonists. The highest non-volatile antibiosis was recorded by MT-4 and IBT-II under nickel and cadmium stress, respectively.
Degree Growth Stage Model and Rest-breaking Mechanisms in Temperate Woody Perennials

This paper is in part a review of the literature on overcoming rest development in temperate woody perennials. In addition, we discuss the role of sublethal stress and hydrogen cyanamide in rest. A hypothesis is presented on the mechanism of rest development and rest breaking in temperate woody perennials.
Probiotic Cream: Viability of Probiotic Bacteria and Chemical Characterization

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of probiotic cultures on the chemical properties of cream. Cream was produced with no addition of cultures (non-probiotic), or supplemented with Bifidobacterium lactis (BL), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), or Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR). All chemical characterization were affected by the probiotic bacteria strain in the cream. Although the viability of the probiotic bacteria declined throughout the 22 day-storage, the shelf life study showed that cultures retained counts higher than 6 log cfu g−1, which constitutes a good vehicle for delivering probiotic bacteria. This work has shown that the chemical properties of cream are influenced by the starter culture type. More research is needed to evaluate the unique microbological and physico-chemical properties of cream supplemented with probiotic bacteria. Practical Aplications Cream may have the potential for use as a probiotic carrier because it provides an excellent environment for probiotic bacteria, with the added advantage of having nutritional value. There has been very limited amount of work on probiotic cream, more research is needed to improve the fermentation process, sensory acceptance, chemical properties, and other functional properties.
Interactive Augmented Reality Touring of Archaeological Sites

: This paper presents ARCHEOGUIDE, a novel mobile computing guide offering personalized, interactive, augmented reality tours in archaeological sites. The system makes use of a novel outdoor tracking technique, based on GPS and compass readings and real-time image tracking. Multi-modal user interaction techniques relieve the user of the cumbersome task of using keyboard and mouse devices while moving in an outdoor environment. His experience is enhanced by the reconstruction of ruined monuments and the simulation of ancient life in its original background. Examples of the system installation and user touring at the archaeological site of Olympia, Greece, are given.
Donnan Contribution and Specific Ion Effects in Swelling of Cationic Hydrogels are Additive: Combined High-Resolution Experiments and Finite Element Modeling

Finite element modeling applied to analyze experimentally determined hydrogel swelling data provides quantitative description of the hydrogel in the aqueous solutions with well-defined ionic content and environmental parameters. In the present study, we expand this strategy to analysis of swelling of hydrogels over an extended concentration of salt where the Donnan contribution and specific ion effects are dominating at different regimes. Dynamics and equilibrium swelling were determined for acrylamide and cationic acrylamide-based hydrogels by high-resolution interferometry technique for step-wise increase in NaCl and NaBr concentration up to 2 M. Although increased hydrogel swelling volume with increasing salt concentration was the dominant trend for the uncharged hydrogel, the weakly charged cationic hydrogel was observed to shrink for increasing salt concentration up to 0.1 M, followed by swelling at higher salt concentrations. The initial shrinking is due to the ionic equilibration accounted for by a Donnan term. Comparison of the swelling responses at high NaCl and NaBr concentrations between the uncharged and the cationic hydrogel showed similar specific ion effects. This indicates that the ion non-specific Donnan contribution and specific ion effects are additive in the case where they are occurring in well separated ranges of salt concentration. We develop a novel finite element model including both these mechanisms to account for the observed swelling in aqueous salt solution. In particular, a salt-specific, concentration-dependent Flory–Huggins parameter was introduced for the specific ion effects. This is the first report on finite element modeling of hydrogels including specific ionic effects and underpins improvement of the mechanistic insight of hydrogel swelling that can be used to predict its response to environmental change.
Zerumbone Restores Gut Microbiota Composition in ETBF Colonized AOM/DSS Mice

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of common malignant neoplasm worldwide. Many studies have analyzed compositions of gut microbiota associated with various diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colon cancer. One of the most representative bacteria involved in CRC is enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), a species belonging to phylum Bacteroidetes. We used ETBF colonized mice with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) and zerumbone, a compound with anti-bacterial effect, to determine whether zerumbone could restore intestinal microbiota composition. Four experimental groups of mice were used: sham, ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group, ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group zerumbone 60 mg kg-1 (ETBF/AOM/ DSS + Z (60)), and only zerumbone (60 mg kg-1)-treated group. We performed reversible dye terminators-based analysis of 16S rRNA gene region V3-V4 for group comparison. Microbiota compositions of ETBF/AOM/DSS + Z (60) group and ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group not given zerumbone were significantly different. There were more Bacteroides in ETBF/AOM/DSS + Z (60) group than those in ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group, suggesting that B. fragilis could be a normal flora activated by zerumbone. In addition, based on linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) analysis, microbial diversity decreased significantly in the ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group. However, after given zerumbone, the taxonomic relative abundance was increased. These findings suggest that zerumbone not only influenced the microbial diversity and richness, but also could be helpful for enhancing the balance of gut microbial composition. In this work, we demonstrate that zerumbone could restore the composition of intestinal microbiota.
Athlete-Reported Outcome Measures for Monitoring Training Responses: A Systematic Review of Risk of Bias and Measurement Property Quality According to the COSMIN Guidelines.

BACKGROUND Athlete-reported outcome measures (AROMs) are frequently used in research and practice but no studies have examined their psychometric properties. OBJECTIVES Part 1-identify the most commonly used AROMs in sport for monitoring training responses; part 2-assess risk of bias, measurement properties, and level of evidence, based on the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Methodological quality of the studies, quality of measurement properties, and level of evidence were determined using the COSMIN checklist and criteria. RESULTS Part 1-from 9446 articles screened for title and abstract, 310 out of 334 full texts were included; 53.9% of the AROMs contained multiple items, while 46.1% contained single items. Part 2-from 1895 articles screened for title and abstract, 71 were selected. Most measurement properties of multiple-item AROMs were adequate, but content validity and measurement error were inadequate. With the exclusion of 2 studies examining reliability and responsiveness, no validity studies were found for single items. CONCLUSIONS The measurement properties of multiple-item AROMs derived from psychometrics were acceptable (with the exclusion of content validity and measurement error). The single-item AROMs most frequently used in sport science have not been validated. Additionally, nonvalidated modified versions of the originally nonvalidated items are common. Until proper validation studies are completed, all conclusions based on these AROMs are questionable. Established reference methods, such as those of clinimetrics, should be used to develop and assess the validity of AROMs.
Effects of seedling source variation on nitrogen metabolism and biomass production in Albizia lebbek

benih Albizia lebbek dikumpul daripada lima tapak semaian Jabatan Hutan yang berbeza iaitu dari Barkot dan Lalpani di Dehra Dun, Kalsi di Chakrata, Kiratpur Sahib di Roopnagar (Punjap) dan Lalkuan di Haldwani. Tujuannya ialah untuk mengkaji perubahan dalam sesetengah parameter pertumbuhan, nutrien mineral (nitrogen, fosforus dan kalium) dalam bahagian anak benih yang berbeza serta aktiviti nitrat reduktase dan nitrogenase in-vivo. Secara keseluruhan, bacaan tertinggi dan terendah bagi pertumbuhan, penghasilan biojisim dan aktiviti nitrogenase dicerap masingmasing dalam anak benih dari Barkot dan Kalsi. Trend sebaliknya diperhatikan untuk bilangan nodul bagi setiap anak benih dan aktiviti nitrat reduktase. Kandungan tertinggi nitrogen dan fosforus didapati dalam anak benih yang berasal dari Kalsi sementara yang terendah, dari Kiratpur Sahib. Anak benih Barkot menunjukkan kandungan jumlah nitrogen serta jumlah fosforus yang tertinggi bagi setiap anak benih. Bacaan tertinggi bagi jumlah kalium bagi setiap anak benih adalah dalam anak benih Kiratpur Sahib. Perubahan fisiologi dalam anak benih dikaitkan kepada variasi tempat asal anak benih serta keadaan edafik sedia ada, termasuklah mikroflora rizosfera.
Targeting CDK12 for Cancer Therapy: Function, Mechanism, and Drug Discovery

Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) is a member of the CDK family of proteins (CDK) and is critical for cancer development. Years of study into CDK12 have generated much information regarding the intricacy of its function and mechanism as well as inhibitors against it for oncological research. However, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the role of CDK12 in carcinogenesis and cancer prevention. An exhaustive comprehension of CDK12 will highly stimulate the development of new strategies for treating and preventing cancer. Here, we review the literature of CDK12, with a focus on its function, its role in signaling, and how to use it as a target for discovery of novel drugs for cancer prevention and therapy.