Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CFD Investigation of Parameters Affecting Oil-Water Stratified Flow in a Channel

Stratified flow is a common occurrence for various internal flow based industrial multiphase flow patterns. This involves fully or partially well-defined interface which continuously evolve with space and time. Hence stratified flow analysis essentially involves proper interface capturing approach. The present work focuses on the numerical analysis of oil-water stratified pattern using the Coupled level set and volume of fluid method (CLSVOF) in ANSYS Fluent in a twodimensional channel. The work involves predicting the effect of density ratio, kinematic viscosity and surface tension coefficient on the mixture velocity and total pressure changes. At outset, the final conclusions may be gainfully employed in oil transportation pipeline, chemical industries and in pipeline flow control administration, etc. KeywordsStratified flow, Multiphase flow, Level set method, Volume of fluid, CLSVOF. Nomenclature Symbols Greek letters k = Thermal conductivity of fluid (W/m-k) ρ = Density of fluid Cp = Specific heat of fluid (J/kg-K) μ = Viscosity of fluid P = Pressure (pa) σ = Surface tension coefficient m ̇ = mass flux (Kg-s/m) α = contact angle r = Volume fraction τ = shear stress Vm = Mixture velocity (m/s) ɸ = Level set function Vo = Superficial velocity of oil (m/s) δ = Dirac delta function Vw = Superficial velocity of water (m/s) Г = interface B = Body force per unit volume θ = inlet to wall temperature ratio x = space coordinate € = Half of the thickness of interface t = time (s) ? ̂? (ɸ) = Unit vector normal to interface Abbreviations S€ = smoothed sign function CLSVOF: Coupled level set and volume of fluid ΔX ΔY = size of control volume in x and y directions LSM: Level set method H = Heaviside function or Unit step function VOF: Volume of fluid ∂P/∂x = pressure gradient (Pa/m) PISO Pressure implicit with splitting of operator Subscripts PRESTO: PREssure STaggering Option m = mean DGLSM: Dual Grid LSM 1 & 2 = phase 1 & phase 2 CFD: Computational fluid dynamics International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences Vol. 5, No. 4, 602-613, 2020 https://doi.org/10.33889/IJMEMS.2020. 5.4. 049 603
Effects of rumen-protected methionine on milk production of dairy goats

Abstract Twelve lactating Saanen goats were fed with a total mixed ration (forage:concentrate 67:33) and directly supplemented (administered orally) with 0, 2.5 and 5.0g/head/day of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) for 30d. Body weight was not affected by RPM. There were quadratic (P<0.05) effects on milk yield, fact-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk and milk protein as RPM increased; thus, the highest values of milk yield, fact-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk and milk protein were observed with 2.5g of RPM. Percentage of fat increased quadratically (P<0.05) as RPM doses increased, while fat expressed as grams per day was not affected with RPM. It was possible to improve milk production and milk protein in dairy goats with a daily supplemented dose of 2.5g of RPM. Further studies with more animals should be developed.
Analysis and simulation of reducing nonlinear interaction by shaping envelopes of transmitted signals in mode-division multiplexing systems

Abstract. Nonlinear interaction induced by Kerr effects is a significant problem in the efforts made to ensure the successful development of transmission systems, such as mode-division multiplexing (MDM)-based optical multimode communication systems. A technique for reducing the interaction of the modes in MDM systems based on shaping envelopes of propagated signals is proposed. The envelopes of modes that carry m-array quadrature amplitude modulation (mQAM) are optically formed with a sinusoidal envelope to lower fiber nonlinearities by reducing the effective intensity and interference time between modes. The transmission performance of the proposed system is analytically characterized by developing an analytical model to estimate induced nonlinear phase noise and numerically investigated by examining the signal-to-noise ratio versus mode power. The effect of sinusoidal enveloped (SE)-4QAM format on the transmission distance is also explored for different mode combinations. Single-, two-, and five-mode transmissions are carried out to investigate the proposed method’s efficiency on the reduction of nonlinear interaction. In our system, the modes carry SE-4QAM format at rate 20 Gsymbol / s. The results show a significant enhancement in the performance of the MDM system when modes are modulated by SE-4QAM format. For example, the transmission distances of LP01 and LP11 are lengthened by 56.5% and 150% at the symbol error rate of 10 − 5, respectively.
Phoretic mites and their hyperphoretic fungi associated with flying Ips typographus japonicus Niijima (Col., Scolytidae) in Japan

Flying Ips typographus japonicus from Hokkaido (Japan) carried 12 species of phoretic mites, three of which were not previously recorded in Europe. The mite biologies were diverse, including specialists feeding on microorganisms, beetle eggs, and nematodes which were common under beetle elytra. Hyperphoretic on these mites were seven distinct species of fungal spores, plus an undetermined number identifiable only as conidia. The spores stuck anywhere on the mite bodies with no special carrying structures evident. Ophiostoma bicolor was the most common species, with the pathogenic Ceratocystis polonicum present in small numbers.
Cell-Autonomous Autophagy Protects Against Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induced Sensory Nerves and Endothelial Dysfunction of the Soft Palate

Background Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a key feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. The pathogenesis of CIH-induced soft palate lesion is not well understood. Understanding the mechanisms of CIH-induced soft palate damage could provide new strategies for clinical treatment. Material/Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into a control group (n=10) and experimental group (n=10). The experimental group were exposed to CIH for 28 days. The control experiments were run in parallel. Morphological changes of CIH-induced soft palate were examined by hematoxylin and eosin. Peripheral nerves and vascular associated markers were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemical staining. LC3B expression and transmission electron microscopy analysis was detected to investigate the destiny of cells in CIH-induced soft palate. Results Histological studies demonstrated the thicken mucosal layer, muscular changes consistent with glands hyperplasia, and loose connective tissues of the soft palate in CIH induced rat models. CIH exposure significantly decreased the expression of annexin V but did not change argin level, suggesting that sensory nerves not motor nerves were damaged when exposed to intermittent hypoxia. Moreover, in response to CIH, the vascular vessel around the nerves and muscles became enlarged and caveolin-1 was overexpressed. Autophagy occurs in response to CIH-induced neuromuscular and vascular endothelial injury. Conclusions Sensory nerves and endothelial dysfunction contributed to the morphological damage of soft palate under intermittent hypoxia. Autophagy as a compensatory mechanism protects against CIH-induced injury. These findings have important implications for understanding mechanisms contributing to the increased soft palate lesion in patients with OSA.
An Evaluation of Induced Polyploidy as a Method of Breeding Crop Plants

THE present widespread activity in the experimental production of polyploid plants raises the question of the practical value of this type of experimental work as a method of plant breeding. During the past few years more than two hundred papers dealing with the scientific aspects of induced polyploidy have been published. The claim is being made that the much-publicized colchicine technic constitutes a new method of plant breeding capable of producing at will new species and new giant varieties of horticultural and crop plants. The iniplication is that these new forms at once constitute superior kinds of plants of inestimable practical value, wholly unlike anything the plant breeder has ever before produced. Others are contending that little or nothing of practical value is to be expected from the polyploidy technic. Under these circumstances it would seem to be desirable to attempt an evaluation of the results that have been obtained up to the present time. This symposium, organized as a forum discussion of theoretical and practical aspects of polyploidy in crop plants, is most timely and should serve to clarify research objectives in the general field of induced polyploidy. Fortunately, induced polyploidy is not a new field of investigation, and it certainly does not constitute a new method of plant breeding. Experimental work on the effects of various physiological factors on chromosome and cell division was initiated at the beginning of the present century. The very extensive physiological experiments and cytological observations of Nemec, Lundegardh and Sakamura, begun more than a quarter of a century ago, demonstrated that chromosome doub-
LINKING LIFE HISTORY STRATEGIES AND ONTOGENY IN CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON: IMPLICATIONS FOR HOMEOSTASIS

Work to date has established that consumers are constrained in their chemical content variability. Such a constraint generates many different kinds of ecological relationships ranging from aspects of animal mineral nutrition to factors affecting consumer-driven nutrient recycling. Although previous studies have shown variation in zooplankton nutrient content within and between taxa, most stoichiometric studies assume that consumers are homeostatic in their elemental composition. In this paper, this assumption is reexamined as we describe the variability in the elemental content of the calanoid copepod Mixodiaptomus laciniatus Lilljeborg throughout its ontogeny (interstage variability) and for its specific developmental stages (intrastage variability). Mean copepod carbon content as dry mass increased significantly during ontogeny from 36.3% in nauplii to 51.5% in immature copepodites and 55.8% in adults. Mean phosphorus content decreased from 0.98% in nauplii to 0.87% in immature copepodites and 0.51% in .
Inadequacy of Selective Plating Media in Field Detection of Salmonella

Abstract Salmonella is an important human enteropathogen associated with poultry. Poultry is routinely analyzed for Salmonella by industry, regulatory, and research laboratories. Effectiveness of selective plating media is critical to Salmonella laboratory analysis. Many media routinely used in the food microbiology laboratory were developed for all Gram-negative human enteric pathogens encountered in a clinical laboratory, rather than for Salmonella alone. The presence of extraneous, non-Salmonella bacteria make the recognition of Salmonella on these plates very difficult. This, more than any other factor, contributes to poor performance of a medium. Primarily because of the poor performance of many selective agars in detecting Salmonella from non-clinical samples, food microbiology laboratories usually use two or more plating media to reduce false negative results.
Volcanotectonics: Understanding the Structure, Deformation and Dynamics of Volcanoes

A volcanic eruption occurs when a magma-filled fracture propagates from its source to the surface. Analysing and understanding the conditions that allow this to happen constitute a major part of the scientific field of volcanotectonics. This new volume introduces this cutting-edge and interdisciplinary topic in volcanological research, which incorporates principles and methods from structural geology, tectonics, volcano-deformation studies, physical volcanology, seismology, and physics. It explains and illustrates the physical processes that operate inside volcanoes and which control the frequencies, locations, durations, and sizes of volcanic eruptions. Featuring a clear theoretical framework and helpful summary descriptions of various volcanic structures and products, as well as many worked examples and exercises, this book is an ideal resource for students, researchers and practitioners seeking an understanding of the processes that give rise to volcanic deformation, earthquakes, and eruptions.
Identification of candidate genes for rice grain aroma by combining QTL mapping and transcriptome profiling approaches

The present report is in continuation to our earlier reports on the identification and fine mapping of three aroma QTLs in basmati rice using a bi-parental mapping population derived from a cross between Pusa 1121, a basmati rice variety, and Pusa 1342, a non-aromatic rice variety. We used a combination of genetic mapping and transcriptome profiling to narrow down the number of differentially expressed genes in rice to identify potential candidate genes for rice grain aroma. Highly aromatic and non-aromatic recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were identified through sensory analysis of mature milled grains. RILs with similar phenotypes were bulked together using bulk segregant analysis approach which drastically reduced the number of differentially expressed genes from 4016 to 1344. The transcriptome profiles generated were analyzed through Affymetrix rice genome array containing probe sets designed from all the predicted rice gene sequences. Microarray-based transcriptome profiling revealed one down-regulated gene co-located in QTL region aro3.1 on chromosome 3, eight genes co-located in the aro4.1 region on chromosome 4 and the badh2 gene on chromosome 8 to be differentially expressed in the aromatic parent and aromatic bulk. These genes are the most suitable candidates for future validation and development of new molecular functional markers to facilitate marker assisted breeding.
Energy Consumption Analysis for Vehicle Production through a Material Flow Approach

The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the energy consumption in the automotive industry, clarifying the effect of its productive processes. For this propose, the material flow of the vehicles has been elaborated, from mining to vehicle assembly. Initially, processes where each type of material was used, and the relationship between them, were clarified. Subsequently, material flow was elaborated, while considering materials input in each process. Consequently, the consumption of energy resources (i.e., oil, natural gas, coal, and electricity) was calculated. Open data were utilized, and the effects on the Japanese vehicle market were analyzed as a case study. Our results indicate that the energy that is required for vehicle production is 41.8 MJ/kg per vehicle, where mining and material production processes represent 68% of the total consumption. Moreover, 5.23 kg of raw materials and energy resources are required to produce 1 kg of vehicle. Finally, this study proposed values of energy consumption per mass of part produced, which can be used to facilitate future material and energy analysis for the automotive industry. Those values can be adopted and modified as necessary, allowing for possible changes in future premises to be incorporated.
Effect of Barley and Barley Components on Rheological Properties of Wheat Dough

Abstract The effects of addition of whole barley and barley components (starch, β-glucans and arabinoxylans) on rheological properties of dough prepared from wheat flours with variable gluten quality (cv. Glenlea, extra-strong; cv. Katepwa, very strong; cv. AC Karma, strong; and cv. AC Reed, weak) were investigated in these studies using Mixograph and dynamic rheological measurements. Whole barley meal, starch and non-starch polysaccharides from hulless barley with variable starch characteristics (normal, high amylose, waxy, and zero amylose waxy) were tested. Upon addition of either β-glucans or arabinoxylans, significant increases in peak dough resistance, mixing stability, and work input were recorded in all flours. The addition of starch to various wheat flours reduced the strength of the respective flour-water doughs. The improvement of dough strength upon addition of waxy or zero amylose waxy barley meal was associated with the high content of total and soluble β-glucans present in barley samples. The addition of arabinoxylans or β-glucans increased the G′ of wheat doughs; arabinoxylans had a greater effect than β-glucans. Starch substantially decreased the elastic modulus of dough prepared from cv. Glenlea but waxy and high amylose starches increased the G′ of dough prepared from cv. AC Karma. A combination of the high amounts of non-starch polysaccharides and unusual starch characteristics in barley seems to balance the negative effects associated with gluten dilution brought about by addition of barley into wheat flour.
Finding Nemo: Predicting Movie Performances by Machine Learning Methods

Analyzing the success of movies has always been a popular research topic in the film industry. Artificial intelligence and machine learning methods in the movie industry have been applied to modeling the financial success of the movie industry. The new contribution of this research combined Bayesian variable selection and machine learning methods for forecasting the return on investment (ROI). We also attempt to compare machine learning methods including the quantile regression model with movie performance data in terms of in-sample and out of sample forecasting.
Strong relationships between mediators of the acute phase response and fatty liver in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between activation of acute phase response and fatty liver in transition dairy cows. Fatty liver was induced in dairy cows by feeding 8 kg of cracked corn 1 mo before the expected day of parturition. Liver and blood samples were obtained at days -4, 3, 8, 12, 14, 22, 27, and 36 postpartum. Cows that developed fatty liver (n = 4) reached peak total lipids in the liver at day 12 postpartum with 11.4% (wet wt.) compared with 6.6% in control cows (n = 4). Cows with fatty liver had greater plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and lower lactate concentrations than did control cows at day -4. During highest concentrations of total lipids in the liver, for at least one time-point, fatty-liver cows had greater concentrations of plasma serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, and NEFA and lower concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cortisol, and TNF-α than did control cows.
Locomotion and the phylogeny of the Metazoa

Abstract Among the lower Metazoa, the basic structure of the animals sets limits to the locomotory techniques available to them and to the habitats they can occupy. Small but critical structural changes overcome these limitations and once achieved they have resulted in major phyletic radiations. Small organisms up to 1–2 mm in length can, by ciliary action, swim, creep on the substratum or creep in it as a meiofauna. Once this size is much exceeded only creeping on the substratum is possible. The largest of the earliest Metazoa exceeded this limit and formed the basis of an important radiation of surface creeping forms including Turbellaria, Nemertea and Mollusca, the larger members of which supplement or replace ciliary locomotion by muscular activity. A cellular hydrostatic skeleton permits reversible changes of shape produced by contraction of the body-wall muscles in small organisms, but with increasing size, particularly as structural elements are developed to conserve the shape of the animal, such a.
The Costs of Mutualism1

Abstract Mutualisms are of central importance in biological systems. Despite growing attention in recent years, however, few conceptual themes have yet to be identified that span mutualisms differing in natural history. Here I examine the idea that the ecology and evolution of mutualisms are shaped by diverse costs, not only by the benefits they confer. This concept helps link mutualism to antagonisms such as herbivory, predation, and parasitism, interactions defined largely by the existence of costs. I first briefly review the range of costs associated with mutualisms, then describe how one cost, the consumption of seeds by pollinator offspring, was quantified for one fig/pollinator mutualism. I compare this cost to published values for other fig/pollinator mutualisms and for other kinds of pollinating seed parasite mutualisms, notably the yucca/yucca moth interaction. I then discuss four issues that fundamentally complicate comparative studies of the cost of mutualism: problems of knowing how to measure the magnitude of any one cost accurately; problems associated with using average estimates in the absence of data on sources of variation; complications arising from the complex correlates of costs, such as functional linkages between costs and benefits; and problems that arise from considering the cost of mutualism as a unilateral issue in what is fundamentally a reciprocal interaction. The rich diversity of as-yet unaddressed questions surrounding the costs of mutualism may best be investigated via detailed studies of individual interactions.
The Occurrence of Lysozyme Activity in Nuclei of a Differentiated Mouse Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line

Mouse myeloid leukemia (Ml) cells that were induced to differentiate with dexamethasone showed at least a 100-fold increase in lysozyme activity. This induced activity was distributed in various subcellular fractions, the molecular weights of which were nearly identical. The activity detected in the nuclear fraction (nearly one-third that of the total number of cells) could be extracted completely with 0.3 M NaCl or 0.4 N H2SO4, but not with 0.74 M perchloric acid. When nuclei were incubated with DNase I or micrococcal nuclease, the release of lysozyme showed a positive relation to increased digestion of DNA. The lysozyme, released by treatment with micrococcal nuclease, was distributed throughout the region of the multimers of nucleosomes after centrifugation on a 5-20 % linear sucrose gradient. Our results suggest that a part of the lysozyme activity induced during M1 cell differentiation may be associated with chromatin DNA.
TEMPORAL SCALES OF FORAGING IN A MARINE PREDATOR

The pattern of prey distribution can profoundly affect the foraging behavior and success of a predator. In pelagic marine ecosystems, where prey is often patchily distributed, predators must be able to adapt quickly to changes in the spatial patterning of prey. Antarctic fur seals feed primarily on krill, which is patchily distributed. When combined with information about swimming speed on the surface, the time taken for a fur seal to locate a new patch after leaving an old one is an indication of the distance between patches. The frequency distribution of intervals between bouts of foraging showed that fur seals foraged at two spatial distributions: (1) a fine—scale (median distance 0.18—0.27 km) represented by short ( 5 min) travel durations. In a study lasting 5 yr, the distributions of travel durations between bouts of feeding changed between years. These changes suggested that the structure and/or the spatial distribution of krill swarms varied between years. The behavior of fur seals suggested that there was overall clumping of prey at the fine—scale, but there was a more even spacing of prey patches at the meso—scale level. Only in 1 yr of the study (1990/1991) were there indications that fur seals had difficulty in finding enough food. Fur seal behavior suggested that there was no reduction in the number of prey patches available in that year but that prey patches were of poorer quality. The study showed how predator behavior can provide valuable information about the functional relationship between prey dispersion and predator performance.