Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental programming of the kidney: does sex matter?

The ‘Developmental Origins of Health and Disease’ proposes that early life events may, in part, determine the risk of many chronic diseases in later life. Two key features of this concept that are highlighted in a recent study by Moritz et al. (Moritz et al. 2009) in The Journal of Physiology are the existence of critical windows of susceptibility and the different adaptive responses to developmental insults observed between male and female offspring (Gilbert & Nijland, 2008). Depending upon the species studied, critical windows of sensitivity have been identified from conception through the neonatal period. This is particularly relevant with respect to the programming of cardiorenal function, as renal development extends into the postnatal period in laboratory species, such as the rat. Hence, it is important to recognize that it is not only the fetus that may be at risk for developmental programming but also the neonate. Moreover, recent studies have shown that the extent to which an insult may affect the offspring also depends upon the sex of the fetus/neonate (Zambrano et al. 2005). Nevertheless, the manner in which critical windows of susceptibility and sex differences interact to result in developmental programming remains unclear.
Possible chemoresistance‐related genes for gastric cancer detected by cDNA microarray

To identify chemoresistance‐related genes of gastric cancer, we utilized cDNA microarray technology. Thirty‐five gastric cancer specimens surgically resected at our institute between 1998 and 1999 were studied for quantification of expression of 6300 genes by means of oligonucleotide microarray methods, and the results were evaluated in comparison with the chemoresistance of the specimens, which was determined by MTT (tetrazolium‐based 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Inhibition rates (IR) were determined for cisplatin (DDP), 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), mitomycin C or doxorubicin. IR of 60% or more was regarded as sensitive to each agent, and IR of less than 40% was defined as resistant. Clustering was successfully completed for DDP, resulting in selection of 23 candidates as DDP‐resistance‐related genes, including vascular permeability factor, 2 membrane transporting subunits, and retinoblastoma‐binding protein‐1. In addition, further selection of DDP‐resistance‐related genes was performed according to these criteria: 1) Expression of the gene can be detected in more than 70% of resistant tumors. 2) Expression can be detected in less than 30% of sensitive tumors. 3) Expression in tumors is more than twice that of normal mucosa in more than 50% of specimens. Then, metallothionein‐IG and heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) were identified as candidate DDP‐resistance‐related genes. When known DDP‐resistance‐related genes were analyzed according to the MTT assay result, families of glutathione‐S‐transferase and cydooxygenase‐2 genes were also evaluated as resistance‐related genes. For 5‐FU resistance, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and HB‐EGF‐like growth factor genes were also suggested to be resistance‐related genes. The present study demonstrated that oligonucleotide microarrays can provide information regarding chemoresistance factors in cancer. (Cancer Sci 2003; 94: 355–359)
Reflex cardiovascular and respiratory responses originating in exercising muscle

1. In anaesthetized and decerebrate cats isometric exercise of the hind limb muscles was elicited by stimulating the spinal ventral roots L7‐S1. This caused a rise in arterial blood pressure, with small increases in heart rate and pulmonary ventilation. These changes were abolished by cutting the dorsal roots receiving afferents from the exercising muscle.
Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of factors predicting outcome in 1074 patients in OPTN Region 5

Previous studies on loco‐regional therapy (LRT) and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) in predicting outcome after liver transplant (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have shown inconsistent results. We analyzed the OPTN database in Region 5 from January 2004 to January 2009 and performed univariate and multivariate analysis of 11 pre‐transplant recipient and donor variables in 1074 patients with HCC meeting Milan criteria to detect association with post‐LT tumor recurrence or mortality. Mean waitlist time was 438 d. The 1‐ and 5‐yr post‐LT survival was 91.1% and 71.1%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, AFP before LT was the only predictor of HCC recurrence. The association between AFP and HCC recurrence was observed only in the subgroup receiving LRT but not in the subgroup without LRT. Predictors of mortality in multivariate analysis were HCC recurrence, Donor Risk Index, last AFP before LT, and MELD score. AFP before LT was the strongest predictor of post‐transplant HCC recurrence or death in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, in Region 5 with prolonged waitlist time, high AFP was the only pre‐transplant variable predicting post‐transplant tumor recurrence and mortality for HCC meeting Milan criteria. Our results also supported the importance of the effects of LRT on AFP in predicting prognosis.
Real-time priority processing on the Cell platform

Flexible signal processing on programmable platforms are increasingly important for consumer electronic applications. Scalable video algorithms (SVAs) using the novel principle of priority processing guarantee real-time performance on programmable platforms, even with limited resources. Dynamic resource allocation is required to maximize the overall output quality of independent, competing priority processing algorithms that are executed on a shared platform. In this paper we describe the mapping of a priority processing application on the Cell/B.E. platform. We compare the performance of different implementations for dynamic-resource-allocation mechanisms, and show that priority processing achieves real-time performance.
Right aortic cusp aneurysm causing aortic valve regurgitation with complete heart block

The present report describes a rare case of aortic valve aneurysm without any vegetation with complete heart block. A 26-year-old man with severe acute aortic regurgitation was admitted to our admitted to our hospital. Transthoracic echocardiography showed right cusp aneurysm without any vegetations. Transoesophageal echocardiography confirmed these findings. Colour Doppler echocardiography revealed severe aortic regurgitation. For complete heart block, a transvenous permanent pacemaker was inserted as a first stage of treatment. Successful aortic valve replacement was performed as a second stage. The possible aetiology of this case is endocarditis.
Finite Element Methods with Hierarchical WEB-splines

Piecewise polynomial approximations are fundamental to geometric modeling, computer graphics, and finite element methods. The classical finite element method uses low order piecewise polynomials defined on polygonal domains. The domains are discretized into simple polygons called the mesh. These polygons might be triangles, quadrilaterals, etc., for two-dimensional domains, and tetrahedra, hexahedra, etc., for three-dimensional domains. Meshing is often the most timeconsuming process in finite element methods. In classical two-dimensional finite element methods, the basis functions are usually hat functions defined on triangulations. Another possible selection of a finite element basis in two dimensions are tensor product b-splines. Bivariate B-splines are piecewise polynomials of degree n with support having (n + 1) cells. The domain is discretized via a uniform grid. Relevant are those b-splines for which the support intersects the domain. To keep the support of a relevant B-spline within the domain, we multiply it by a weight function. The weight function is positive in the interior of the domain and vanishes on the boundary and outside of the domain. The resulting weighted B-splines conform to homogeneous boundary conditions. They satisfy the usual properties of a finite element basis. The insertion of new knots into the grid is not a good adaptive strategy because of the global effect of knot insertion. Instead, hierarchical refinement is very effective for tensor product splines. It permits the change of control points and subsequent editing of fine details in some parts while keeping the other parts unaffected. For programming, a data structure is required that not only keeps track of the refinement but also stores the information about the discretization of the domain. Moreover, algorithms for assembling and solving the finite element system are needed. In this thesis, we have developed such adaptive schemes with weighted B-splines and implemented them in Matlab with an appropriate data structure.
Agreement between accelerometric symmetry scores and clinical lameness scores during experimentally induced transient distension of the metacarpophalangeal joint in horses.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Equine lameness examination is based on subjective visual scoring of lameness. Instrumented objective methods for lameness examinations may be complicated to perform and the equipment is often stationary. Accelerometry has a potential clinical use; however, the reduction and interpretation of equine accelerometric data are not yet routine and the value of accelerometry in equine lameness examination is unclear. OBJECTIVES To use accelerometric data to calculate 2 different accelerometric symmetry scores and to evaluate the agreement of these with traditional lameness scores done by experienced equine practitioners. METHODS Six sound horses were equipped with a 3 axis 10G piezoresistant accelerometer at the lowest point of the back. Horses were trotted and video recorded at 0, 3, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after injection of saline into one metacarpophalangeal joint. Video recordings were scored in a blind manner according to the AAEP scale by 2 experienced practitioners. Interobserver agreements and 2 symmetry scores S and A, developed on the basis of Fourier transformation of the obtained accelerometric data, were calculated and regression analysis between AAEP scores and symmetry scores was performed. RESULTS Interobserver agreements were 70%. There was a statistically significant relationship between AAEP lameness scores and both symmetry scores. CONCLUSIONS Both symmetry scores showed a significant relationship with the AAEP scores and can be a valuable tool in the detection and quantification of lameness. While the S score was able to detect changes in degree of lameness, the A score was capable of detecting the lame diagonal. However, more research is needed for the development of a combined accelerometric score to take advantage of the strengths of each of the symmetry scores.
Model based analysis of Time-aware Web service interactions

Les services web gagnent de l'importance en tant que cadre facilitant l'integration d'applications au sein et en dehors des frontieres des entreprises. Il est accepte que la description d'un service ne devrait pas seulement inclure l'interface, mais aussi le protocole metier supporte par le service. Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons formalise la categorie des protocoles incluant des contraintes de temps (appeles protocoles temporises) et etudie l'impact du temps sur l'analyse de compatibilite et de remplacabilite. Nous avons formalise les contraintes suivantes : les contraintes Clnvoke definissent des fenetres de disponibilites tandis que les contraintes Mlnvoke definissent des delais d'expiration. Nous avons etendu les techniques pour l'analyse de compatibilite et de remplacabilite entre protocoles temporises a l'aide d'un mapping preservant la semantique entre les protocoles temporises et les automates temporises, ce qui a defini la classe des automates temporises de protocoles (PTA). Les PTA possedent des transitions silencieuses qui ne peuvent pas etre supprimees en general, et pourtant ils sont fermes par calcul du complement, ce qui rend decidable les differents types d'analyse de compatibilite et de remplacabilite. Enfin, nous avons mis en oeuvre notre approche dans le cadre du projet ServiceMosaic, une plate-forme pour la gestion du cycle de vie des services web.
Angelman syndrome: Correlations between epilepsy phenotypes and genotypes

We compared epilepsy phenotypes with genotypes of Angelman syndrome (AS), including chromosome 15q11‐13 deletions (class I), uniparental disomy (class II), methylation imprinting abnormalities (class III), and mutation in the UBE3A gene (class IV). Twenty patients were prospectively selected based on clinical cytogenetic and molecular diagnosis of AS. All patients had 6 to 72 hours of closed‐circuit television videotaping and digitized electroencephalographic (EEG) telemetry. Patients from all genotypic classes had characteristic EEGs with diffuse bifrontally dominant high‐amplitude 1‐ to 3‐Hz notched or triphasic or polyphasic slow waves, or slow and sharp waves. Class I patients had severe intractable epilepsy, most frequently with atypical absences and myoclonias and less frequently with generalized extensor tonic seizures or flexor spasms. Epileptic spasms were recorded in AS patients as old as 41 years. Aged‐matched class II, III, and IV patients had either no epilepsy or drug‐responsive mild epilepsy with relatively infrequent atypical absences, myoclonias, or atonic seizures. In conclusion, maternally inherited chromosome 15q11‐13 deletions produce severe epilepsy. Loss‐of‐function UBE3A mutations, uniparental disomy, or methylation imprint abnormalities in AS are associated with relatively mild epilepsy. Involvement of other genes in the chromosome 15q11‐13 deletion, such as GABRB3, may explain severe epilepsy in AS.
Mutation of Trp84 and Asp313 of the dopamine transporter reveals similar mode of binding interaction for GBR12909 and benztropine as opposed to cocaine

The different psychomotor‐stimulant effects of cocaine, GBR12909, and benztropine may partially stem from their different molecular actions on the dopamine transporter (DAT). To explore this possibility, we examined binding of these inhibitors to mutated DATs with altered Na+ dependence of DAT activities and with enhanced binding of a cocaine analog, [3H]2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐fluorophenyl)tropane (CFT). In [3H]CFT competition assays with intact cells, the mutation‐induced change in the ability of Na+ to enhance the apparent affinity of CFT, cocaine, GBR12909, and benztropine was inhibitor‐independent. Thus, for the four inhibitors, the curve of [Na+] versus apparent ligand affinity was steeper at W84L compared with wild type, shallower at D313N, and flat at W84LD313N. At each mutant, the apparent affinity of CFT and cocaine was enhanced regardless of whether Na+ was present. However, the apparent affinity of GBR12909 and benztropine for W84L was reduced in the absence of Na+ but near normal in the presence of 130 mm Na+, and that for D313N and W84LD313N was barely changed. At the single mutants, the alterations in Na+ dependence and apparent affinity of the four inhibitors were comparable between [3H]CFT competition assays and [3H]dopamine uptake inhibition assays. These results demonstrate that DAT inhibitors producing different behavioral profiles can respond in an opposite way when residues of the DAT protein are mutated. For GBR12909 and benztropine, their cocaine‐like changes in Na+ dependence suggest that they prefer a DAT state similar to that for cocaine. However, their cocaine‐unlike changes in apparent affinity argue that they, likely via their diphenylmethoxy moiety, share DAT binding epitopes that are different from those for cocaine.
Salazopyrin in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

In several reports (1941a, b, 1942, 1944, 1948) published during recent years Professor Nanna Svartz has -claimed good results in the treatment of rheumatic polyarthritis from the use of a sulphapyridine compound. The drug, which has been given the name salazopyrin, is obtained by the chemical combination of salicylic acid and sulphapyridine and has the formula 4-/pyridyl (2) amido sulphonyl/-3'-Carbody-4'-oxyazobenzene. It is claimed that the drug has a specific affinity for connective tissue, where subsequent disintegration gives rise to amino-salicylic acid and sulphapyridine. Svartz (1948) believes that the essential lesion in rheumatic disease is located in connective tissue and is inflammatory in nature. On this basis she argues that drugs with an affinity for connective tissue are most likely to be of value in treatment. The value of salicylates in ameliorating the symptoms of rheumatic fever is accepted. Unless organisms are present in the inflamed connective tissue, the desirability of attaining a high local concentration of sulphapyridine is more in doubt. Few observers believe that there is such a disseznination of bacteria in rheumatic fever or in rheumatoid arthritis. The initial dosage recommended by Svartz was 6 g. in twenty-four hours. This was reduced to 1 to 1g. daily as the condition improved. In chronic rheumatoid arthritis she advocates the use of the drug over a long period. Some of her patients have consumed 5,000 to 6,000 J-g. tablets in one to two years. Toxic effects are said to be relatively rare, the commonest being fever, skin rashes, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms subside quickly when the drug is withdrawn. Svartz divided her cases into acute and chronic rheumatic polyarthritis, and claimed that benefit was obtained in both instances. This classification makes it difficult to assess her results. For the chronic group she also uses the term " chronic rheumatoid arthritis " so the effects of the drug in this group will be considered in more detail.
Awareness of disability after acquired brain injury and the family context

The dimension of family context for awareness of disability following acquired brain injury (ABI) is examined through a qualitative discourse analysis. Three participants with ABI, who were identified by clinicians and relatives as demonstrating difficulties with awareness of disability, and three relatives were interviewed. The findings highlight important contextual parameters influencing the emergence of families' accounts for disability after ABI: (1) availability of sense-making resources and use of pre-injury meanings, and (2) incongruity within family sense-making and resultant orientating, disputing and contesting of accounts within families. These findings are discussed in relation to pre-existing literature, and applications are suggested for family intervention following ABI.
Neonatal presentation of Prader-Willi syndrome.

Sir. —The article by Aughton and Cassidy1in the November 1990 issue ofAJDCadded useful information on the characteristics of neonates with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Unlike Aughton and Cassidy, who did not examine the patients in the neonatal period (or so it appears from their article) and whose study was retrospectively derived from medical records, I have diagnosed a substantial number of newborns with PWS before and after my study in 1980.2I conclude that if pediatricians, neonatologists, pediatric neurologists, or geneticists consistently notice an abnormal finding, this is evidence of its importance (for example, the consistently abnormal cry). 1How"String sign" of sticky saliva (arrow) in a 2-week-old girl with clinical Prader-Willi syndrome. ever, failure to observe what I regard as characteristic features may reflect inadequate examination technique, limited experience, or difficulty in recognizing novel or unexpected phenomena. I have previously suggested2that the typical
Neuromuscular junction immaturity and muscle atrophy are hallmarks of the ColQ‐deficient mouse, a model of congenital myasthenic syndrome with acetylcholinesterase deficiency

The collagen ColQ anchors acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the synaptic cleft of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). It also binds MuSK and perlecan/dystroglycan, 2 signaling platforms of the postsynaptic domain. Mutations in ColQ cause a congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) with AChE deficiency. Because the absence of AChE does not fully explain the complexity of the syndrome and there is no curative treatment for the disease, we explored additional potential targets of ColQ by conducting a large genetic screening of ColQ‐deficient mice, a model for CMS with AChE deficiency, and analyzed their NMJ and muscle phenotypes. We demonstrated that ColQ controls the development and the maturation of the postsynaptic domain by regulating synaptic gene expression. Notably, ColQ deficiency leads to an up‐regulation of the 5 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR), leading to mixed mature and immature AChRs at the NMJ of adult mice. ColQ also regulates the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. However, whereas the ECM mRNAs were down‐regulated in vitro, compensation seemed to occur in vivo to maintain normal levels of these mRNAs. Finally, ColQ deficiency leads to a general atrophic phenotype and hypoplasia that affect fast muscles. This study points to new specific hallmarks for this CMS. —Sigoillot, S. M. , Bourgeois, F. , Karmouch, J., Molgó, J., Dobbertin, A. , Chevalier, C. , Houlgatte, R. , Léger, J., Legay, C. Neuromuscular junction immaturity and muscle atrophy are hallmarks of the ColQ‐deficient mouse, a model of congenital myasthenic syndrome with acetylcholinesterase deficiency. FASEB J. 30, 2382–2399 (2016). www.fasebj. org
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF GENETIC TRANSILIENCE

Rundle et al. (1998) recently attempted to test the founderflush model of speciation by Carson (1968) and the genetictransilience model of speciation by Templeton (1980a). They correctly noted that these two hypotheses for founder-influenced speciation are not identical, but do require similar demographic situations and can co-occur (Carson and Templeton 1984). The hypotheses they state they are testing are therefore the combined founder-flush/genetic transilience theories of speciation. As will be evident later, their experimental design precludes tests of the founder-flush model, but their design does remain a valid experimental test of genetic transilience. Genetic transilience is particularly amenable to experimental testing because the primary motive behind the genetic transilience theory was to apply population genetics "to the problem of speciation in such a manner as to greatly augment the explanatory and, more importantly, the predictive powers of speciation theories" (Templeton 1980a, p. 1011). The model of genetic transilience when published in 1980 was, and continues to this day, to be a rarity in the speciation literature because it not only explained some observed patterns of speciation, it also predicted when founder events were unlikely to lead to speciation. Indeed, the theory of genetic transilience requires many conditions to be satisfied to make speciation likely after a founder event, leading to the overall conclusion "that genetic transilience is an unlikely mode of speciation and that the vast majority of founder events have no significance whatsoever with regard to the process of speciation" (Templeton 1986, p. 500-501). Although rare in a global sense, genetic transilience is readily testable because it makes specific and detailed predictions about the conditions in which speciation associated with founder events are likely. The number of predictions is quite lengthy (Templeton 1980a,b) and summaries are given in tables 1 and 2 of Templeton (1980a). The only predictions that will be discussed in detail in this comment are those that directly relate to the arguments of Rundle et al. (1998).