Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on Fast Food Consumption Pattern in India

Fast Food Industry in India became the best ever rising business in the preceding decade when number of global companies entered the marketplace in order to enlarge their market share and region of operations. However, the chief challenges that appeared amongst the retailers were intellectual barriers, dissimilarity in consumption behavior and spiritual barriers whereas lack of knowledge, small spending power was others. However, with the initiation of globalization and liberalization of economy, key changes were noticed in terms of education level, employment, saving and GDP rate in the economy. This led to additional purchasing power in the customers that began to try the new customer durables and consume outpaces in metro cities and towns. This too impacted on the sales and expansion of fast food retailers who developed their purchaser association policy and promotion mix more over and over again to gain competitive benefit in the markets. As a consequence, the domestic and worldwide retailers extend their operations to main cities and towns crosswise the country in a little phase of time, yet still there was dissimilarity in the promotion policy of global retailers in conditions of advertising initiatives they launched in the western countries. The main objective of the study is to study about the leading food chains of India and to . The research study thus focused on exploring theories and models of consumer behavior, capacity of client devotion and client association policy and efficiency of promotion strategies of domestic and worldwide retailers in the marketplace.
Stochastic Cell

Accumulating experimental evidence of stochasticity, self‐organization and abrupt non‐linear transitions underlying the dynamics of cellular structure and function is increasingly more consistent with the concepts and models of phase transitions, critical phenomena and non‐linear thermodynamics rather than with the conventional clockwork description of the cell. The novel emerging image of the stochastic cell suggests that familiar and convenient classico‐mechanical interpretations may be limiting our ability to understand the behavior of biological systems and calls for active exploration of alternative interpretational frameworks. IUBMB Life, 57: 59‐63, 2005
Health Promotion and Empowerment: Reflections on Professional Practice

Recent reformulations of health promotion focus on empowerment as both a means and an end in health promotion practice. Both concepts, however, are rarely examined for their assumptions about social change processes or the potential of community groups, professionals, and institutions to create healthier living situations. This article attends to some of these assumptions, expressing ideas generated during 6 years of professional training workshops with over 2,500 community health practitioners in Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. The article first argues that health promotion is not a social movement but a professional and bureaucratic response to the new knowledge challenges of social movements. As such, it has both empowering and disempowering aspects. The article analyzes empowerment as a dialectical relation in which power is simultaneously given and taken, and illustrates this in the context of health promotion programs. A model of an empowering professional (institutional) health promotion practice is pre sented, in which linkages among personal services, small group supports, community organizing, coalition advocacy, and political action are made explicit. Practice examples are provided to illustrate each level of the empowering relation, and the article concludes with a brief discussion of the model's educational and organizational utility.
Bacterial Rotary Export ATPases Are Allosterically Regulated by the Nucleotide Second Messenger Cyclic-di-GMP*

Background: AAA+ ATPase proteins play integral roles in the export apparatus of many bacterial organelles. Results: The second messenger cyclic di-GMP binds specifically to multiple export ATPases at a highly conserved binding site. Conclusion: Cyclic di-GMP binding is central to the function of many different bacterial export complexes. Significance: This profoundly affects our understanding of numerous important bacterial organelles, including flagella, type III, and type VI secretion systems. The widespread second messenger molecule cyclic di-GMP (cdG) regulates the transition from motile and virulent lifestyles to sessile, biofilm-forming ones in a wide range of bacteria. Many pathogenic and commensal bacterial-host interactions are known to be controlled by cdG signaling. Although the biochemistry of cyclic dinucleotide metabolism is well understood, much remains to be discovered about the downstream signaling pathways that induce bacterial responses upon cdG binding. As part of our ongoing research into the role of cdG signaling in plant-associated Pseudomonas species, we carried out an affinity capture screen for cdG binding proteins in the model organism Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25. The flagella export AAA+ ATPase FliI was identified as a result of this screen and subsequently shown to bind specifically to the cdG molecule, with a KD in the low micromolar range. The interaction between FliI and cdG appears to be very widespread. In addition to FliI homologs from diverse bacterial species, high affinity binding was also observed for the type III secretion system homolog HrcN and the type VI ATPase ClpB2. The addition of cdG was shown to inhibit FliI and HrcN ATPase activity in vitro. Finally, a combination of site-specific mutagenesis, mass spectrometry, and in silico analysis was used to predict that cdG binds to FliI in a pocket of highly conserved residues at the interface between two FliI subunits. Our results suggest a novel, fundamental role for cdG in controlling the function of multiple important bacterial export pathways, through direct allosteric control of export ATPase proteins.
Option Pricing And Hedging For Stock Prices With Discrete Jumps And Stochastic Intensity Rate

We show that it is possible to avoid the discrepancies of continuous path models for stock prices and still be able to hedge options if one uses birth and death models. One needs the stock and another market traded derivative to hedge an option in this setting. However, unlike in continuous models, the number of extra traded derivatives required for hedging does not go up with the introduction of stochastic intensity. We derive the results explicitly when the intensity rate follows a two state Markov process and outline ways of generalizing this to other models for the evolution of the intensity rate. We establish the risk-neutral measure and describe the algorithm for inverting option prices to get values of the unknown parameters in the model. We show that one needs to use filtering equations for updating parameter values and present those equations for the general case.
Analytical Study on Fluctuations of Investor Network Public Opinion Information Evolvement in China

Fluctuations of investor network public opinion information evolvement were adopted as the research object in this paper. By network information capture, text classification and sentiment scoring, etc., a comprehensive index was set for network public opinion fluctuations; furthermore, an EGARCH model was utilized to perform public opinion information fluctuation fitting. As indicated by fitting results, fluctuations of investor network public opinions exhibited some characteristics of volatility clustering and asymmetry, etc. so that they were more susceptible to impacts of negative news.
Towards a sustainable private rented sector: What can we learn from other countries?

Kath Scanlon presented at the Sunday Business Post Residential Property Summit, which took place in Radisson BLU Royal on Golden Lane, Dublin on Tuesday, December 6th. Kath has studied housing markets and policy in several EU countries and the US and has advised government departments, international organisations and development banks. She has written extensively about Britain’s private rented sector and the role of new corporate landlords. In this presentation, Kath explores questions of what the PRS looks like in other developed countries and how does Ireland compare. She also provides evidence on how regulation is changing, and how the PRS is responding. She concludes with a reflection on what Ireland may take away from other contexts.
Branch nucleophile selection in pre-mRNA splicing: evidence for the bulged duplex model.

Selection of the nucleophile for the first step of nuclear pre-mRNA splicing was probed by site-specific incorporation into splicing substrates of nucleotides modified at the 2' position. The differing abilities of ribose, 2'-deoxyribose, and arabinose nucleotides to base-pair within an RNA.RNA duplex and to contribute a nucleophilic 2'-OH group were exploited to analyze the paired/unpaired disposition of the branch site nucleotide. The results provide direct evidence for a bulged duplex model in which either of two adjacent purines within the consensus branch site sequence may shift into a bulged position and contribute the 2'-OH group for the first step of splicing. Furthermore, the presence of a consensus branch site that cannot present a reactive nucleophile suppresses splicing, including the use of cryptic branch sites elsewhere. We conclude that the branch site region base-pairing with U2 snRNA determines the first step nucleophile and persists at the time of the first transesterification reaction.
Biomechanical functions of latissimus dorsi muscle in baseball pitching

The latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle is primarily considered as an extensor and adductor of the shoulder. However, during the large range of motion required in baseball pitching, it may change its function in different positions and orientations of the humerus in reference to the trunk. Overuse of the LD muscle especially for a baseball pitcher may affect his pitching performance [1]. It could also lead to various shoulder and back disorders in overhead sports activities among athletes and in heavy and repetitive manual tasks among industrial workers. The biomechanical function of the LD muscle involved in these strenuous activities has not been well studied. To judge the function of the muscle, the muscle moment arm and muscle stress are probably the most important factors. In previous muscle moment arm studies, the roentgenographic method [2] or anatomic measurements using cadaver specimens [3]. These methods were restricted to static analysis in selected joint positions. van der Helm developed a three-dimensional finite element shoulder model to calculate the muscle moment arm and muscle force using a truss element [4]. Further extension of this concept by considering the continuous movement of muscle origin and insertion sites and to graphically demonstrate muscle line of action changes relative to joint anatomy during motion would be important to facilitate modeling of the musculoskeletal system for biomechanical analysis. The purpose of this study was to apply a visual interactive musculoskeletal system (VIMS) to investigate the anatomical and biomechanical roles of the LD muscle during baseball pitching and to utilize the graphic animation capacity of VIMS to visualize the model in action.
Sustainable Development Values: What Do We Know From Developing Country Perspective?

There is a great difference between developed and developing nations’ perception about sustainability development values. As such, it is expected that the current sustainable development value facets might not represent the developing country needs as well. Therefore, there is a necessity to define sustainable development value and its dimension based on developing country perspective. The present study is such an attempt to fill this gap in the literature. 16 in-depth interviews were carried out to gain in-depth understanding about the phenomenon. Transcriptions were made and thematic analysis was utilized to analyse the qualitative data. It is crucial in order to achieve the nations’ vision and its future sustainable development goals according to the nations need and demand.
Regression Test Suite Prioritization using Residual Test Coverage Algorithm and Statistical Techniques

Regression test suite study has been research topic for decades. In this paper we investigate the Regression test suite prioritization using residual test coverage algorithm for white box testing and introduce new statistical technique for black box testing. Our contribution in this paper is mainly problem solution to breaking the tie in residual coverage algorithm. Further we introduce new metric which can be used for prioritizing the regression test suite for black box testing. Towards the end part of the paper we get down to implementation details explaining how this can be done in the industrial or research project. The intended readers of this paper are developers and testers in the research field and practitioners of software engineering in the large scale industrial projects.
Molecular mechanisms of immunoglobulin A defense.

Article de synthese. Aspects generaux du systeme immun des muqueuses. Aspects moleculaires de la reponse en IgA secretoires. Probleme du SIDA: association de l'infection par le virus HIV-1 et des potentialites de l'immunite au niveau des muqueuses
Diabetic Neuropathy

Purpose of Review: Diabetes is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy in the world. More than half of patients with diabetes have neuropathy, and half of patients with neuropathy have diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy is a major cause of disability and health care expense. This article reviews the various forms of diabetic neuropathy with a focus on diagnosis and treatment. Recent Findings: Diabetes causes a wide variety of peripheral nerve problems. These can be divided into chronic neuropathies, of which distal symmetric polyneuropathy is the most common, and acute neuropathies, such as diabetic amyotrophy. There is growing evidence suggesting that prediabetic levels of hyperglycemia and other consequences of obesity and dyslipidemia contribute to neuropathy risk. Evolving literature suggests that many of the acute diabetic neuropathies are related to inflammatory mechanisms. An important exception is treatment-related neuropathy, previously known as “insulin neuritis. ” Summary: While disease-altering therapy continues to prove elusive, our understanding of basic disease mechanisms is improving, and new diagnostic and research tools will hopefully lead to novel therapies for distal symmetric diabetic polyneuropathy.
Safety, Dose, and Timing of Reteplase in Treating Occluded Central Venous Catheters in Children With Cancer

Objectives Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, alteplase, began to be commonly used to restore the patency of occluded central venous catheters (CVCs) as urokinase production was halted in the late 1990s. However, alteplase often requires an extended dwell time to restore patency to occluded CVCs. In adults, reteplase, a newer thrombolytic agent, has been reported to restore patency to CVCs in 30 minutes. The authors prospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of reteplase in restoring patency to occluded CVCs in children with cancer. Methods This was a dose escalation trial. The dose of reteplase was initiated at 0.1 units and increased by increments of 0.1 units to a maximum dose of 0.4 units. Each dose was tested on at least three participants. Time to patency after reteplase administration was recorded by nurses caring for the patients. Attempts to access the line occurred every 15 minutes for 1 hour. CVCs that remained occluded after 1 hour were treated with alteplase. Results Reteplase was administered to 15 clotted CVCs. Twelve of the 15 were cleared with an average dwell time of 38 minutes. The time to patency did not appear to correlate with the dose. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions Reteplase can restore patency to occluded CVCs in a pediatric population. Reteplase appears to have comparable efficacy with alteplase, but reteplase may require shorter dwell times. A prospective, randomized, clinical trial is warranted to determine whether reteplase is as effective as alteplase in restoring patency to occluded CVCs.
Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Attenuates Leishmania donovani Infection in Macrophages

ABSTRACT Leishmania-induced macrophage dysfunctions have been correlated with altered signaling events. In this work, we report that SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), increases Leishmania donovani survival in human peripheral blood mononuclear macrophages. Consistent with this finding, activation of p38 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK signaling pathways by anisomycin significantly reduced parasite survival within these cells. However, the majority of the effect was seen in a 50% reduction in the percentage of macrophages infected, with little effect on the highly infected macrophages. The observed effect was likely to be due to the p38 MAPK pathway since SB203580 was able to completely reverse the effect of anisomycin. These findings suggest that the previously reported p38 MAPK inhibition by Leishmania infection may be partially overcome by anisomycin. Similar effects were observed in pretreated macrophages or in treatment of infected macrophages. These results suggests that p38 MAPK activation may have a potential therapeutic value in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
Regeneration of a transected peripheral nerve by transplantation of spinal cord encapsulated in a vein

The objective was to investigate the regeneration of a transected peripheral nerve after transplantation of fragmented embryonic (E14–15) spinal cord cells which were encapsulated within a vein cavity. After 3 months transplantation, axonal regeneration was observed by staining with HE and antibody to neurofilament subtypes in six of 10 rats. In all six animals compound muscle action potentials to electrical stimulation could be recorded and indicated incomplete reinnervation of the fibular and tibial nerve, respectively. A chronic inflammation process around the transplant and a negative result of staining neurofilaments within the vein cavity and the transected nerve were found in animals lacking electrophysiological response to stimulation.
Critical success factors for local government project stakeholder management

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the critical success factors (CSFs) for effective project stakeholder management at the local government level in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The study used data from questionnaires administered to project stakeholders for identifying and ranking CSFs. Findings The study identified the top five CSFs for stakeholder management at the local government level in Ghana to be: communicating with and engaging stakeholders; identifying stakeholders properly; formulating a clear project mission statement; keeping and promoting good relationships; and analyzing stakeholder conflicts and coalitions. Research limitations/implications Generalization of the findings should be done with caution since the scope of data collection was limited to district assemblies in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Nevertheless the results of the study are, however, useful and indicative and can lend direction to future research. Practical implications This paper has contributed to the growing body of knowledge related to CSFs for local government projects. The results should help understand factors which are of priority to stakeholders when assessing their involvement in projects. Further, the findings could form the basis for competency development of local government personnel in specific areas where improvements are required. Originality/value The paper identified CSFs for effective project stakeholder management at the local level. Most studies on critical factors in project environments have focused on CSFs and project success and thus this study delves into an area which has not received much attention in the literature.
Kształtowanie wizerunku i pozycji rynkowej podmiotów leczniczych - CSR czy PR?

Streszczenie: Szczególnym rodzajem firm działających współcześnie na polskim rynku są publiczne i niepubliczne podmioty lecznicze. Podejmują one rywalizację o pacjenta, starając się optymalizować ofertę produktową oraz angażując się w działania budujące ich pozycję i wizerunek na rynku, które do niedawna podejmowały tylko firmy komercyjne. Wykorzystują do tego najczęściej narzędzia promocji, w tym public relations. Coraz częściej jednak duże firmy branży medycznej deklarują także realizację strategii społecznej odpowiedzialności. Powstaje jednak pytanie, czy faktycznie podmioty te realizują strategię CSR, czy „tylko” prowadzą różnorodne kampanie PR. Prezentowany artykuł będzie próbą odpowiedzi na to pytanie.
Hydrodynamic image formation by the peripheral lateral line system of the Lake Michigan mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi.

Lake Michigan mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) have a lateral-line-mediated prey-capture behaviour that consists of an initial orientation towards the prey, a sequence of approach movements, and a final strike at the prey. This unconditioned behaviour can be elicited from blinded sculpin in the laboratory by both real and artificial (vibrating sphere) prey. In order to visualize what Lake Michigan mottled sculpin might perceive through their lateral line when approaching prey, we have combined anatomical, neurophysiological, behavioural and computational modelling techniques to produce three-dimensional maps of how excitation patterns along the lateral line sensory surface change as sculpin approach a vibrating sphere. Changes in the excitation patterns and the information they contain about source location are consistent with behavioural performance, including the approach pathways taken by sculpin to the sphere, the maximum distances at which approaches can be elicited, distances from which strikes are launched, and strike success. Information content is generally higher for laterally located sources than for frontally located sources and this may explain exceptional performance (e.g. successful strikes from unusually long distances) in response to lateral sources and poor performance (e.g. unsuccessful strikes) to frontal sources.
An animal study of the effects on p16 and PCNA expression of repeated treatment with high‐energy laser and intense pulsed light exposure

Non‐ablative skin rejuvenation treatments that involve the use of laser/light sources together with cooling devices have gained much popularity in recent years due to the lack of down time that is associated with them. One important but neglected issue is long‐term safety. Does the repeated use of non‐ablative skin rejuvenation lead to photoaging? Are we creating another sun‐bed phenomenon? Recently, we performed an in vitro study to examine the effect of sub‐lethal QS 755 nm lasers on the expression of p16INK4a on melanoma cell lines, and found that sub‐lethal laser damage could increase DNA damage, which led to an increase in p16 expression. Our objective was to assess the cutaneous effect of repeated exposure to high‐energy lasers and intense pulsed light sources on male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice.