Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspects of the ecology of mosquitoes in Surinam

For about two years (1967—1968) investigations were conducted on the ecology of mosquitoes in relation to the transmission of arboviruses in Surinam (DE KRUIJF 1970). Part of this study dealing with the daily activity of biting mosquitoes is presented here. Daily activity of biting anopheline females has been widely studied because of their ability to transmit malaria (MATTINGLY 1949, SENIOR-WHITE 1953, GILLIES 1957, SLOOFF 1964, and many others). Intensive studies on culicine mosquitoes transmitting arboviruses and other pathogen agents have been carried out in Africa and elsewhere (among many others HADDOW 1945, 1954, 1956, 1961a and b, 1961, MCCLELLAND 1960, BOORMAN 1961, SAMARAWICKRAMA 1967, TAYLOR & JONES 1969). Data on the diel activity of culicine mosquitoes in South America are relatively scarce; species transmitting jungle yellow fever, Haemagogus species and Sabethes chloropherus,' having been studied most completely (KUMM & NOVIS 1938, BATES 1944, 1949, CAUSEY & SANTOS 1949, GALINDO et al. 1951, TRAPIDO & GALINDO 1957, GALINDO 1957, FORATTINI 1966b). AITKEN et al. (1968) have published some data on other species whereas FORATTINI (1962, 1966a and b) reviewed the scattered data on the daily activity of biting mosquitoes belonging to as many species as possible. It appeared that in the northern region of South America knowledge on the subject is very scarce.
Terror as a Bargaining Instrument: A Case Study of Dowry Violence in Rural India

The authors examine how domestic violence may be used as a bargaining instrument, to extract larger dowries from a spouse's family. The phrase"dowry violence"refers not to the paid at the time of the wedding, but to additional payments demanded by the groom's family after the marriage. The additional dowry is often paid to stop the husband from systematically beating the wife. The authors base their case study of three villages in southern India on qualitative and survey data. Based on the ethnographic evidence, they develop a noncooperative bargaining and signaling model of dowries and domestic violence. They test the predictions from those models on survey data. They find that women whose families pay smaller dowries suffer increased risk of marital violence. So do women who come from richer families (from whom resources can more easily be extracted). Larger dowries - as well as greater satisfaction with the marriage (in the form of more male children) - reduce the probability of violence. In India marriage is almost never a matter of choice for women, but is driven almost entirely by social norms, and parental preferences. Providing opportunities for women outside of marriage and the marriage market would significantly improve their well-being by allowing them to leave an abusive husband, or find a way of"bribing"him to stop the abuse, or present a credible threat, which has the same effect.
Developing a novel strategy to treat glioblastoma : improving brain bioavailability of sorafenib with a synthetic flavonoid dimer to inhibit drug efflux in blood brain barrier

This thesis is protected by copyright, with all rights reserved. By reading and using the thesis, the reader understands and agrees to the following terms: 1. The reader will abide by the rules and legal ordinances governing copyright regarding the use of the thesis. 2. The reader will use the thesis for the purpose of research or private study only and not for distribution or further reproduction or any other purpose. 3. The reader agrees to indemnify and hold the University harmless from and against any loss, damage, cost, liability or expenses arising from copyright infringement or unauthorized usage.
Micromechanical fast quasi‐static detection of α and β relaxations with nanograms of polymer

Micromechanical string resonators are used as a highly sensitive tool for the detection of glass transition (Tg or α relaxation) and sub-Tg (β relaxation) temperatures of polystyrene (PS) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The characterization technique allows for a fast detection of mechanical relaxations of polymers with only few nanograms of sample in a quasi-static condition. The polymers are spray coated on one side of silicon nitride (SiN) microstrings. These are pre-stressed suspended structures clamped on both ends to a silicon frame. The resonance frequency of the microstrings is then monitored as a function of increasing temperature. α and β relaxations in the polymer affect the net static tensile stress of the microstring and result in measureable local frequency slope maxima. Tg of PS and PMMA is detected at 91 ±2°C and 114 ±2°C, respectively. The results match well with the glass transition values of 93.6°C and 114.5°C obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of PS and PMMA, respectively. The β relaxation temperatures are detected at 30 ± 2°C and 33 ± 2°C for PS and PMMA which is in accordance with values reported in literature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1035–1039
Understanding the Future of Energy Efficiency in Multi-Module GPUs

—As Moore’s law slows down, GPUs must pivot towards multi-module designs to continue scaling performance at historical rates. Prior work on multi-module GPUs has focused on performance, while largely ignoring the issue of energy efﬁciency. In this work, we propose a new metric for GPU efﬁciency called EDP Scaling Efﬁciency that quantiﬁes the effects of both strong performance scaling and overall energy efﬁciency in these designs. To enable this analysis, we develop a novel top-down GPU energy estimation framework that is accurate within 10% of a recent GPU design. Being decoupled from granular GPU microarchitectural details, the framework is appropriate for energy efﬁciency studies in future GPUs. Using this model in conjunction with performance simulation, we show that the dominating factor inﬂuencing the energy efﬁciency of GPUs over the next decade is GPU-module (GPM) idle time. Furthermore, neither inter-module interconnect energy, nor GPM microarchitectural design is expected to play a key role in this regard. We demonstrate that multi-module GPUs are on a trajectory to become 2 × less energy efﬁcient than current monolithic designs; a signiﬁcant issue for data centers which are already energy constrained. Finally, we show that architects must be willing to spend more (not less) energy to enable higher bandwidth inter-GPM connections, because counter-intuitively, this additional energy expenditure can reduce total GPU energy consumption by as much as 45%, providing a path to energy efﬁcient strong scaling in the future.
Simultaneous electrical and mechanical resonance drive for large signal amplification of micro resonators

Achieving large signal-noise ratio using low levels of excitation signal is key requirement for practical applications of micro and nano electromechanical resonators. In this work, we introduce the double electromechanical resonance drive concept to achieve an order-of-magnitude dynamic signal amplification in micro resonators. The concept relies on simultaneously activating the micro-resonator mechanical and electrical resonance frequencies. We report an input voltage amplification up to 15 times for a micro-resonator when its electrical resonance is tuned to match the mechanical resonance that leads to dynamic signal amplification in air (Quality factor enhancement). Furthermore, using a multi-frequency excitation technique, input voltage and vibrational amplification of up to 30 times were shown for the same micro-resonator while relaxing the need to match its mechanical and electrical resonances.
RISK FACTORS FOR EXTUBATION FAILURE IN MECHANICALLY VENTILATED CHILDREN IN PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Supreet Khurana1, Siddharth Bhargava2, Puneet A Pooni3, Deepak Bhat3, Gurdeep Dhooria2, Jatinder Goraya2, Kamaldeep Arora2, Shruti Kakkar4 From 1Assistant Professor, Department of Neonatology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, 2Associate Professor, 3Professor, 4Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Correspondence to: Siddharth Bhargava, Department of Pediatrics, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Tagore Nagar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India (141001). E-mail: siddharthb27@gmail.com Received 30 May 2019 Initial Review 17 June 2019 Accepted 20 July 2019
Novel Aspects of Follistatin/Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Signaling in Adipose Tissue Metabolism: Implications in Metabolic Health

Obesity is a major risk factor for several metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic imbalance of calorie intake and expenditure results in storage of excess unused energy resulting in obesity and related metabolic dysfunctions. While most obesity therapies are focused on reducing the calorie intake and exercise, recent studies suggest that targeting cellular energy expenditure could be a fascinating alternative approach. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) not only has a remarkable calorie burning capacity, but it could also promote triglyceride clearance and glucose disposal. Induction of brown adipose mass and activity in relevant tissues are linked to relieve symptoms of various metabolic disorders such as diabetes, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Follistatin (Fst), an extracellular protein that binds and antagonizes several members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/myostatin (Mst) superfamily, promotes brown adipose characteristics in both white and brown adipose tissues by targeting distinct molecular pathways. Inhibition of Mst, on the other hand, leads to significant upregulation of adipose browning in white adipose tissues. This chapter will summarize most recent developments in targeting adipose tissue and their functional characteristics to explore therapeutic potential of Fst and TGF-β/Mst signaling to modulate adipose tissue metabolic functions to combat obesity and related metabolic syndromes.
Control of Histamine Level in Oreochromis Niloticus Fillets Using Essential Oils

It was studied that effect of different essential oils on the histamine level in examined Oreochromis niloticus fillet samples. Accordingly, the addition of essentials oils (cinnamon and Oregano) was applied by (1%) against control group. The obtained results revealed that histamine levels in control samples increased by 24.8%; 70.1% and 94.5% with mean values of 18.84; 25.67, and 29.35 after chilling for 3; 6 and 9 days, respectively; meanwhile, the histamine mean concentration at zero time was 15.09 mg/kg. Concerning addition of cinnamon oil 1%, levels of histamine decreased to 18.7%; 46.6% and 77.0 % with mean values of 17.92; 22.13, and 26.71 after 3; 6 and 9 days, respectively. In contrast the addition of oregano oil 1%, to the examined O. niloticus fillet samples lead to significant decrease in histamine levels by 8.2%, 23.9% and 32.3% with mean values 16.33, 18.7 and 19.96 after 3, 6 and 9 days in 4C storage temperature, respectively. Finally, it can have concluded that the addition of oregano oil was superior for control of undesirable histamine in Oreochromis niloticus fillets.
Connectedness Cycles in Equity Markets: A Wavelet Approach

The connectedness of international equity markets can be measured building on the well-established forecast error variance decomposition framework. This approach permits the assessment of the propagation of shocks (spillovers) across equity markets on a day-to-day basis. The focus of our contribution is on detecting cycles in the intensity of spillovers. As it is vital for enterprise managers to track business cycles, it is vital for investors seeking to diversify their portfolios to track the cyclicality of spillovers. Our approach provides cycle information almost in real time, while business cycles are identified not before a cycle has been completed. We apply forecast error variance decomposition in a vector autoregression (VAR) model to rolling time windows to derive indices of spillover of shocks between markets. The time series of spillover indices is then analyzed by means of continuous Morlet wavelet transforms in order to obtain dynamic insight into the spillover's composition of cycles. International connectedness has significantly increased during the last two decades, while its variability has diminished. We find patterns consisting of superpositions of cycles in the spillover series, where the prevailing cycles have recently become longer. The composition of different cycles in the spillover series has changed as well, and is now confined to a narrower band of frequencies than in the late 1980s.
Dewaterability of sludge digested in extended aeration plants using conventional sand drying beds

Dewaterability of unconditioned sludge digested in full scale and lab scale experiments using either extended aeration (EA) or anaerobic digestion were compared on full and lab scale sand drying beds. Sludge digested in EA plants resulted in improvement in sludge dewaterability compared to sludge digested anaerobically. This was demonstrated by comparing capillary suction time, time to filter a specific amount of water, the sludge volume index and the dry solids content. In addition, sieve analysis results from both types of sludge after drying in sand drying beds clearly shows that the grain portions in the fine range in case of anaerobically digested sludge are more than that in case of EA sludge. This was also clear in microscopic photos of samples. The microscopic photos of EA stabilized sludge are characterized by larger colonies of flocs and more open structure than anaerobically digested sludge.
Optimization of a Hydrothermal Growth Process for Low Resistance 1D Fluorine-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures

Design of Experiment (DOE) has been used for the optimization of a hydrothermal growth process of one-dimensional fluorine-doped zinc oxide (1D-FZO). Box-Behnken design was used in the DOE which includes three design points on each of the synthesis condition parameters. The condition parameters were the gold sputtering time (10 s, 15 s, and 20 s), hydrothermal reaction time (3 hours, 6.5 hours, and 10 hours), and hydrothermal temperature (50°C, 75°C, and 100°C). This statistical method of DOE was used to study the effects of these hydrothermal conditions on the quality of 1D-FZO produced. Au nanoparticles were used as the catalyst to enable the growth of the 1D-FZO. The XRD and EDX analysis confirmed the formation of polycrystalline FZO with the presence of fluorine, zinc, and oxygen elements. SEM observations indicated that the sputtering time of the Au nanoparticles has significant effect on the morphology and growth process of 1D-FZO. The lowest resistance value of 22.57 Ω was achieved for 1D-FZO grown with the longest Au sputtering time at growth temperature below 100°C.
Wastewater treatment options for paper mills using recycled paper/imported pulps as raw materials: Bangladesh perspective

Paper sector in Bangladesh is currently expanding day-by-day to meet the increasing demand of industrial, writing/printing and specialty papers. Paper mills have adverse e ects on the environment by producing huge quantity of wastewater. Yearly, approximately 14 million m 3 wastewater is being discharged to the surface water bodies and irrigated lands without no/limited treatment. Water pollution from pulp and paper mills can be minimized through proper effuent characterization and design of appropriate treatment facilities. In this article di erent techniques of wastewater treatment for paper mills are discussed. Case study based on treatability analysis and jar test for a paper mill producing 200 m 3 /h of effuent is provided. On the basis of the case study a simplified treatment process is proposed. Proper treatment of such mills would not only save our environment but can also be beneficial for the industries by water usage minimization. Keywords: Pulp and paper mills; recycled paper; imported pulp; environmental impact; wastewater characterization; wastewater treatment DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1. 5236 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 65-68
Ice regime dynamics in the Nemunas River, Lithuania

Ice cover persistence in the lower reaches of the Nemunas River has decreased during the last 150 yr. The variation in the river freezeand break-up dates is related to climatic variables. The significance of the negative break-up trend exceeds that of the positive freeze-up trend. Lowfrequency large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns such as the North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation (NAO/AO) appear to have more influence on the break-up date than on the freezeup date. Different classification methods applied to the atmospheric patterns prevailing in the early freeze-up events reveal similar results; however, differences arising between classifications are attributable to non-persistent and high frequency patterns.
Reflections on the Pros and Cons of State Regulation

Societies need regulation of human behaviour and human social interaction if they want to maintain a system of ordered relationships and, thus, to survive and prosper. Inevitably, it raises the question of who regulates what, when, how, and why on the basis of what title, at what costs, and with what consequences. In modern soci- eties, which are complex systems, an important role is played by state regulation, which may be more or less permissive or restrictive. In any case, it is a source of tensions and conflicts in society. Yet, permissive state regulation is preferable to restrictive. The rea- son is that by encouraging spontaneity, i.e. individual freedom and self-regulation, al- beit within a stable framework of general ex ante rules, it positively contributes to pros- perity and development and reduces non-compliance with government-made formal rules, such as second economy activity. Sociologický casopis/Czech Sociological Review, 2002, Vol. 38, No. 3: 311-325
Seasonal variability and individual consistency in gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) isotopic niches

Although it is often assumed that individuals in generalist populations are equivalent, recent research indicates that individual dietary specialization can be common in marine predators. Gray seals (Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius, 1791)) were considered locally extinct in United States waters by 1958 but have since recolonized the region. Although considered generalists, less is known about gray seal foraging ecology in the United States. To address this, we used carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses to investigate the foraging niches of adult gray seals in Massachusetts, USA. We examined skin, fur, and blood components to investigate seasonal variability and individual consistency in foraging niches, and serially sampled vibrissae to quantify the degree of individual foraging specialization in this population. Our results suggest that seals shift from coastal foraging habitats before molt to offshore habitats after molt, with a coincident shift from higher to lower trophic-level prey. Adult gray seals also exhibited individual consistency in foraging niches independent of population-level shifts and reflect a generalist population composed of individual foraging specialists. These findings serve as a baseline for subsequent research on gray seals in United States waters that could help to determine the mechanisms which promote individual specialization in this population.
Data fusion of vis–NIR and PXRF spectra to predict soil physical and chemical properties

We tested one front‐end data fusion method to combine visible near‐infrared (vis–NIR) and portable X‐ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectra for predicting different soil properties and investigated the contribution of different sensor data. A total of 197 soil samples were collected from 25 Alfisols and Mollisols in south‐central Wisconsin, USA. Soils were analysed in the laboratory for clay, sand, silt content, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and pH. Air‐dried soil samples were scanned with vis–NIR and PXRF spectrometers. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to each of the vis–NIR and PXRF spectra to extract the first 10 principal components (PCs), which were used in the Cubist model. Five types of input data were compared for constructing the models using a front‐end data fusion approach, including: (a) 10 PCs from vis–NIR spectra, (b) 10 PCs from spectra of PXRF beam 1 (XRF40), (c) 10 PCs from spectra of PXRF beam 2 (XRF10), (d) concatenating 20 PCs from two PXRF spectra (XRF40 + 10), and (e) concatenating 30 PCs from two PXRF spectra and vis–NIR spectra (XRF40 + 10 + NIR). In addition, the performances of the preprocessing methods (four smoothing methods with or without background removal) of PXRF spectra were compared. Multiple linear regression was also used to predict soil properties directly from 11 PXRF‐estimated elements. Our results suggest that smoothing should be applied to the PXRF spectra prior to developing predictive models. PXRF spectra and elemental data can predict soil texture with validation R2 > 0.85, better than using solely vis–NIR spectra, and combining vis–NIR and PXRF spectra improved the prediction. Combining PXRF and vis–NIR can also predict TC and TN moderately well. Soil pH cannot be predicted from vis–NIR or PXRF spectra in this dataset due to its weak correlations with other soil properties and elements. It is concluded that PXRF spectra can be solely used to estimate soil texture, whereas combining vis–NIR and PXRF spectra via PCA should be used to estimate TC and TN.
Study on Different Techniques of Fabricating Conductive Fabrics for Developing Wearable Electronics

In recent years, interdisciplinary studies have been the mainstream in research discourses and practices. Depending on the degree of integration, the combination of electronics and textiles can be divided into three categories: wearable electronics, textronics and fibertronics. This paper discusses the development of cotton-wrapped nichrome yarn, copper core conductive yarn and optical core conductive yarn in different diameters for the production of nichrome fabric, copper core conductive fabric, optical core conductive fabric and teleintimation fabric. The yarn and the fabric were tested by a test rig especially developed for this research work. This work provides a methodology of developing conductive yarn and fabric for the development of wearable electronic products in terms of user acceptability.