Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Machine Learning Approach for Improving the Performance of Network Intrusion Detection Systems

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are used in analyzing huge data and diagnose anomaly traffic such as DDoS attack; thus, an efficient traffic classification method is necessary for the IDS. The IDS models attempt to decrease false alarm and increase true alarm rates in order to improve the performance accuracy of the system. To resolve this concern, three machine learning algorithms have been tested and evaluated in this research which are decision jungle (DJ), random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM). The main objective is to propose a ML-based network intrusion detection system (ML-based NIDS) model that compares the performance of the three algorithms based on their accuracy and precision of anomaly traffics. The knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) methodology and intrusion detection evaluation dataset (CIC-IDS2017) are used in the testing which both are considered as a benchmark in the evaluation of IDS. The average accuracy results of the SVM is 98.18%, RF is 96.76% and DJ is 96.50% in which the highest accuracy is achieved by the SVM. The average precision results of the SVM is 98.74, RF is 97.96 and DJ is 97.82 in which the SVM got a higher average precision compared with the other two algorithms. The average recall results of the SVM is 95.63, RF is 97.62 and DJ is 95.77 in which the RF achieves the highest average of recall than SVM and DJ. In overall, the SVM algorithm is found to be the best algorithm that can be used to detect an intrusion in the system.
Mudskipper as an Indicator Species for Lead, Cadmium and Cuprum Heavy Metal Pollution in the Mangrove, Ambon, Indonesia

The heavy metal pollution in seawater and sediment can damage mangrove ecosystems and accumulate in mudskipper (Periophthalmus spp.) that lives in mangrove forests. The accumulation of heavy metal in mudskipper can affect the structure of its gill tissue, liver, and muscles. This research aims at (1) analyzing the levels of lead, cadmium and cuprum heavy metals in mudskipper, sediment, and seawater and (2) analyzing the damage to the gill, liver, and muscle tissue of mudskipper due to the exposure to heavy metals. The mudskipper samples were collected from the mangrove forests of Poka, Waai, and Rutong from May to June in 2019. The heavy metal analysis was conducted using the AAS method, while the gill, liver and muscle tissue staining was carried out with the HE (Hematoxylin Eosin) staining method with 40x magnification. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and correlational analysis. The results of the analysis showed that based on the mangrove locations, the order of Pb and Cu accumulation in mudskipper was Rutong> Poka> Waai; while the order of the Cd accumulation was Rutong> Waai> Poka. The changes in the gill tissue structure due to the exposure to heavy metals were in the form of teleangiectasia, secondary lamellar edema, hyperplasia, epithelial desquamation, clubbing, and primary lamellar edema. The changes in the liver tissue structure due to the exposure to heavy metals involved hemorrhage and fat degeneration. The changes in the muscle tissue structure due to the exposure to heavy metals include changes in muscle fibers, edema, and necrosis. The highest accumulation of Pb and Cd was found in gills and muscles from seawater, while low level of heavy metal Cu was found in the liver.
The effects of Experiential values and satisfaction on revisit intention

The purpose of this study was first to examine how goal-oriented attendees and experiential-oriented attendees were related to their overall satisfaction and loyalty of the destination with respect to Gedong Songo Temple in Semarang Central Java. It also investigated how these relations are mediated by the different dimensions of experiential consumption values such as consumer return on investment (CROI, active value), escapism (active value) and service excellence (reactive value), and aesthetics (reactive value). Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to and collected from 266 sampling respondents as subjects consisting of local and international tourists and indicating a response rate of about 88 percent. Total 13 hypotheses were tested using structural equation model (SEM) with AMOS, and the results were interpreted adapting Mathwick’s (2001) typology of experiential value. The managers at Gedong Songo temple should understand what drives the tourists/attendees. Implementing experiential marketing through various dimensions of experiential value can attract more potential attendees, provide unique experiences and create favorable perceptions toward the destination. The research is original in terms of conceptualizing and empirically testing the relation between experiential values and behavior loyalty within the special events and festivals with a specific focus on international temple festivals. A finding of particular importance here is verifying the unique characteristics of goal-/experiential-oriented attendees in festival settings and determining the linkages between these different attendees and active/reactive experiential values, not to mention the relation with the overall satisfaction and loyalty to the festival destination.
Magnetic and Structural Characterizations of Pb and Sc Ions Doped MgO Nanoparticles by Modified Pechini Method

The Room Temperature Ferromagnetic (RTFM) were discussed in the present paper of the undoped and the doped samples with different content of Pb2+ ions and Sc+3 ions. The modified pechini method was used to prepare the pure and the doped samples (Mg0.097Pb(0.03-y)ScyO)-NPs, where (0.01 ≤y ≤ 0.03). The structural, morphological, chemical composition and magnetic properties of the samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) respectively. The XRD patterns showed that the synthesized materials have a single set of peaks, which corresponding the cubic phase of MgO-NPs. The lattice parameter, the interplanner spacing and the crystallite size were varied according to different dopant concentration of Sc+3 ions and Pb2+ ions in the MgO-NPs host lattice for doped samples. Furthermore, the intensity was reduced. The morphology of pure and doped samples showed small spherical nanoparticles with particle size (22.87-19.725nm) by employing the FE-SEM. The purity of all the samples was confirmed by using EDS spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements by (VSM) revealed that all the samples offer room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM). The saturation magnetism of (Ms) was found to be varied as a function of doping concentration, which may be attributed to local magnetization supported by F-center mechanism. The maximum (Ms) was found for the Mg0.97Sc0.03O sample. The obtained results suggest that both Pb2+ ions and Sc+3 ions doping and oxygen vacancies play an remarkable role in the development of room temperature ferromagnetism, which may be convenient for spintronic application.
Can RNAi be used as a weapon against COVID-19/SARSCoV-2?

Can RNA interference be used as a diagnostic and therapeutic for COVID-19? Can host or viral encoded miRNA or siRNA be used as a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2? RNAi has been used as a platform to make attenuated viral vaccines where the viral genome is engineered and modified to contain miRNA or siRNA binding sites [50]. One of these examples was the creation of self-attenuating Influenza A virus strain that expressed an siRNA from the NS segment (for wild type nonstructural protein NS1) that targets the ORF of the nucleoprotein [NP] segment just at a single site [51]. Intranasal administration of five chemically modified miRNA mimics corresponding to highly expressed miRNAs in respiratory epithelial cells synergistically suppressed H1N1 replication in mice. MicroRNA 122 is another most common example in RNAi literature, antimiR against mir-122 is effective to lower the hepatitis C virus and miR-122 inhibition by anti-miR122 also reduces serum cholesterol levels [40,52]. RNAi patents and clinical trials for liver cancer, breast cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, IAV, are just a few examples and there are hopes for COVID-19 soon. How about the plant-based diet and plant microRNAs, can we use them against COVID-19 like infections? This mini-review discusses different types of non-coding small RNA molecules, their biogenesis, the role of innate immune response and the competition of proviral and antiviral proteins, and how RNAi can be alone or as a combination of COVID-19 intervention drugs and vaccines used as a therapeutic along with a little emphasis on plant-based miRNAs to prevent future pandemics like COVID-19?
Feature Integration as Prediction Coding: Evidence from a Prime-Probe Paradigm

The prevalent view of visual perception is that the world’s simple features are first encoded and then bound together into more complex environments. Action planning is thought to be achieved through the anticipation of desired perceptual effects, allowing action planning to interact with perception. Evidence supporting stimulus-response binding comes from the partial repetition cost paradigm wherein there is a cost for partially repeating a previous stimulus-response episode. Recently, however, a prime-probe paradigm has been introduced in which feature binding effects are absent despite conditions in which they should be present. This abnormally suggests that feature binding theories may need to be reconsidered. Here, I test the thesis that the partial repetition costs currently viewed as support for feature binding approaches to perception are better explained via prediction coding. To do so, I first show that partial repetition costs are absent from the prime-probe paradigm with the effects being purely attentional. Then, across five additional experiments, I systematically alter the prime-probe paradigm to determine the boundary of when partial repetitions will appear. In particular, I manipulated the prime and probe stimuli’s spatial overlap, the response set overlap, and whether the responses are spatial or not. I found that feature binding effects did not appear until there was spatial overlap, the response sets were the same, and the responses were both spatial. That is to say, that feature binding effects
Study on the current knowledge on diabetic foot care practices and footwear selections among patients attending to the diabetic clinic at Colombo South Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Diabetes foot complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many presents with complicated foot ulcers which end up with amputations. Early interventions and health education significantly reduce such problems. Objectives: To assess the current knowledge on foot care and footwear, to identify the undiagnosed foot problems and risk factors. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 334 patients were evaluated for knowledge on foot care and footwear practices by administering 3 questionnaires. Results: The majority were females (73.1%). Mean duration of diabetes was 10.73(+/- 6.9) years. Most patients were non-smokers (78.8%) and non-alcoholics (84.8%). Major comorbidity was dyslipidemia (74.95%). Mean FBS and HbA1c were 137.7mg/dl (+/-43.29) and 7.66% (+/-0.78) respectively. Majority (64%) of them were within moderate risk for diabetic foot disease and 24% had history of foot ulcers. Deformed, thickened and discoloured nails were seen among 42.2%, 38% and 28.7% respectively. Peripheral neuropathy present in 35.6%. Even though 79.8% of the participants washed and 45.8% examined their feet daily, poor foot hygiene was seen among 44.9%. The majority used unsuitable footwear (70.7%). Only 9.6% wore special footwear for diabetes. Most denied adequate knowledge on footwear (80.5%). Nearly half (50.9%) of the population used footwear for > 1 year and 79.3% were not inspecting footwear. Increased age and duration of diabetes, low education, history of foot ulcer, smoking, thickened nails, calluses were significantly associated with diabetic foot (p Conclusion: This study highlighted the gaps in the knowledge and practices of foot care and footwear among diabetic patients. Thus, there is a need to enhance patients’ knowledge with a regular assessment to enforce healthy practices to minimize diabetic foot complications.
Serum Beta-2 Microglobulin: a Marker for Disease Progression in Egyptian Patients with Chronic HCV Related Liver Disease

About130-170 million people are chronically infected with HCV and more than 350,000 people die from HCVrelated liver diseases each year (Chung and Baumert 2014; Cuadros et al., 2014; Feld et al., 2014). The rate of progression to cirrhosis is highly variable, and is influenced by several factors, including age of initial HCV infection, degree of inflammation and fibrosis on liver biopsy, and co-morbid conditions Those with cirrhosis are at increased risk of developing HCC (Kanwal and Bakon , 2012; Hajarizadeh et al., 2013; Flemming et al., 2014).
Nutritional status indicator and its correlation with mental health score among adolescents in Islamic boarding schools

Background : It has been estimated that about 10–20% of adolescents worldwide had experiences of mental health problems. Malnutrition, including overweight and obese, is one of the risk factors for mental health in adolescents. There is a knowledge gap regarding the nutritional status and its correlation with mental health among adolescents who live in boarding schools. This study aimed to determine nutritional status and its correlation with mental health among adolescents in Islamic boarding schools. Methods : A cross-sectional approach was used in this study in which two schools in South Tangerang City of Banten Province were purposively selected and 302 of students aged 15–18 years were completed this study. BMI-for-age Z-scores (BAZ) was used as the nutritional status indicator, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to determine mental health of the subjects. Spearman correlation was used to determine the correlation between nutritional status indicator and mental health score. Results : Nearly 30% of the subjects were overweight and obese, and almost 20% had result of mental health score in categories “borderline” and “abnormal”. There was a significant correlation between nutritional status indicator and mental health score among adolescents in Islamic boarding schools (r=0.157, P=0.006). Conclusion : Adolescents who had higher BAZ, had higher total difficulties scores. The schools and policy makers should give attention to nutritional status of the students since it is correlated with mental health.
Perception for Online Learning among Undergraduate and Postgraduate Dental Students during COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: Digitalization has entered each and every field of our life. It has changed the way we deal with our surroundings. We have overcome various hurdles and difficulties which otherwise was a challenge for us to reach the desired goal easily. Dentistry and dental education is not exceptional for this. So the present study was conducted to know the perception for online learning among undergraduate and postgraduate dental students in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of 200 undergraduate and postgraduate dental students using a self-administered questionnaire in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 200 undergraduate and postgraduate dental students. A validated structured and open questionnaire comprised of 15 items on perceptions. Data was analyzed using the SPSS IBM software version 21. Results: The majority reported that it was easy to access the site and to find their way around the course. Around half of the participants preferred combination (Traditional lectures & Web CT) type of teaching method. Most of the participants reported that online course is timesaving and online course like this will help with revision for exams. Majority reported they would email tutor if they need help and online classes have been helpful. Conclusion: Both undergraduate and postgraduate students' perception regarding the online learning is positive. With the improvement in the Internet access and existing computer skill of the students, online learning is definitely going to be the future mode of teaching-learning platform.
A Systematic Approach to the Motivations for Earnings Management: A Literature Review

Earnings management literature attempts to understand why managers manipulate earnings. Our paper presents a review of growing body of literature on motivations for the earnings manipulation. In consequence, our objective is to provide an ample classification of the reasons. A selection of leading papers was reviewed systematically from 1985 to early 2019 resulting in 383 articles. The results of the paper are important for both theoretical and empirical researches on the earnings management. For one side, we offer a theoretical discussion on the incentives and factors; on the other side, the paper aims to highlight recent progresses in the field. Screening, classifying and systematic review of earnings management literature do not only generate a structured overview of the work performed in this area during more than thirty years, but it also provides insights for further research. Our findings confirm that earnings management topic remains a fertile ground for academic research. Second, although there are many possible motives for managing earnings, the spotlight has been mainly on those incentives that are related to the stock market. Third, in terms of the factors and characteristics of the environment, the impact of institutional factors (investor protection, ownership concentration, legal enforcement) is especially accentuated by the authors. Finally, our research confirms that there are still many other opportunities to research. Therefore, in the last section we identify potential line of investigations.
Comparative study on neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) among diabetic cases with and without diabetic retinopathy

Background: White blood cells especially neutrophils and lymphocytes play a major role in modulating the inflammatory response and thus it could be a potential inflammatory marker. To assess the same this study was conducted to compare the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) among the type 2 diabetes mellitus cases with and without diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: This case control study was conducted among the patients with diabetes mellitus attending the outpatient and inpatient department of Ophthalmology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Tamil Nadu during months of October 2019 to December 2019. A total of 160 patients were included in the study of whom 80 were cases of diabetes mellitus with diabetic retinopathy and another 80 were cases of diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Data was entered in Microsoft excel and data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Total white blood cells, neuterophils, lymphocytes and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were found to be statistically significant between the diabetic retinopathy and diabetes mellitus groups. NLR among the diabetic retinopathy and diabetes mellitus group was found to be 2.15 ± 0.5 and 1.91 ± 0.61, respectively (p<0.000). Conclusion: NLR is an efficient and stable marker of inflammation, can serve as an important predictor in the assessment of diabetic retinopathy among cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Key message: Cases with DR were found to have increased NLR than the cases with diabetes mellitus alone. Hence NLR can be added to routine screening process of all diabetes mellitus cases and if elevated cases can be subjected to ophthalmologist. © This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The Effect of Abdominal Fat Distribution on Leptin in Regular Exercisers 規律運動者腹部脂肪分佈與瘦體蛋白的影響

Purpose: In this study, we examined different regular exercisers’ abdominal fat distribution and relationships between serum leptin levels and the abdominal fat distribution. In addition, determining whether the waist (WC) and hip circumferences (HC) were related to the abdominal fat distribution in regular exercisers was another goal of this study. Method: runners (R, n=12) and swimmers (S, n=9), who exercised at least 5 times/week for 30 minutes/time and for at least 3 years, participated in this study. In addition, sedentary individuals (n=10), who exercised less than once/week and>30 minutes/per time, served as a control group (C). All participants had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan for the abdominal fat distribution, blood analysis for leptin and measurements of WC, HC and body-mass index (BMI). Results: On the basis of BMImatching, the R group’s abdominal visceral fat (0.4±0.3L) was less than those of the S and C groups (0.8±0.2L and 0.9±0.3L, respectively), and no significant differences in abdominal subcutaneous fat or serum leptin levels were evident among these three groups. The relationships between serum leptin and the abdominal fat distribution differed in the R and S groups. In the measurement of body circumference and abdominal fat distribution, WC was significantly related to abdominal subcutaneous fat among the three groups. Conclusions: Taking regular exercise can cause a decrease in the visceral fat accumulation, especially for people who are regular runners. The WC can be used to predict the abdominal subcutaneous fat of exercisers. Further studies are required in the future to determine the contribution of abdominal fat to serum leptin in exercisers.