Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UNIVERSITY OF PARDUBICE FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Analytical Chemistry

This thesis deals with preparation of cholinesterases biosensors for determination of cholinesterase inhibitors. Chemical or physical immobilization procedures were used for preparation of individual biosensors. These procedures involved immobilization of cholinesterase onto surface of commercial or laboratory synthetized magnetic particles and immobilization into or onto surface of membrane. Chemical immobilization was used for assay of cholinesterase inhibitors in combination with magnetic particles. Membrane immobilization was used for colorimetric assay of cholinesterase inhibitors by mobile phone camera. All prepared biosensors proved their function in cholinesterase inhibitors assay. Application of prepared biosensors is expected in environment and food control, pharmaceutical industry, military or biological analysis. This thesis is consisted from comments on individual publications dealing with cholinesterase biosensors preparation, while details are summarized in enclosed publications.
Response to the comments of Reviewer # 1 At the outset ,

Vertical structures of aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA), from near the surface through the free troposphere, have been estimated for the first time at distinct geographical locations over the Indian mainland and adjoining oceans, using 10 in-situ measurements of aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients aboard the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft during the South West Asian Aerosol Monsoon Interactions (SWAAMI) campaign from June to July 2016. These are used to examine the spatial variation of SSA profiles and also to characterize its transformation from just prior to the onset of Indian Summer Monsoon (June 2016) to its active phase (July 2016). Very strong aerosol absorption, with SSA values as low as 0.7, persisted in the lower altitudes (< 3 km) over the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), prior to the onset of monsoon, with a west-to-east gradient; 15 lower values occurred in the north-western arid regions, peaking in the central IGP and somewhat decreasing towards the eastern end. During the active phase of the monsoon, the SSA is found to increase remarkably, indicating far less absorption. Nevertheless, significant aerosol absorption persisted in the lower and middle troposphere over the IGP. Inputting these SSA and extinction profiles in a radiative transfer model, we examined the effects of using height-resolved information in estimating atmospheric heating rates due to aerosols, over similar estimates made using a single columnar value. It was noticed that use 20 of a single SSA value leads to an underestimation (over-estimation) of the heating rates over regions with low (high) SSA emphasizing the importance of height resolved information. Further, the use of realistic profiles showed the significant heating of the atmosphere by sub-micron aerosol absorption at the middle troposphere, which would have strong implications for clouds and climate.
A METAPOPULATION PERSPECTIVE IN PLANT POPULATION BIOLOGY

1 A metapopulation approach considers the ecology and genetics of populations as a product of local dynamics and the regional processes of migration, extinction and colonization. While conventional metapopulation theory involves species with frequent population turnover, limited migration and random extinction, it is likely that metapopulation dynamics, broadly defined as the product of local population dynamics and dispersal, is a feature of all species. 2 Theoretical metapopulation models of single species make three critical insights. First, metapopulations will consist of a shifting mosaic of local populations linked through migration with only a fraction of the available habitat patches occupied at one time. Secondly, there is a threshold number of habitats available, below which the species cannot persist because extinction exceeds colonization. Thirdly, the antagonism between selective forces acting during recolonization and population growth can influence the evolution of phenotypic traits. Unfortunately, little empirical data is available to evaluate these ideas for plants or to address the broader issue of whether processes at a regional scale add anything to our understanding of population dynamics. 3 Plants may seem particularly appropriate for metapopulation analyses as a result of their immobility, strong spatial structure and restricted dispersal. However, a review of the literature revealed a paucity of studies that explicitly adopted a metapopulation approach, particularly in terms of testing theoretical models. We argue that this is because of the difficulty of measuring parameters such as extinction, colonization and migration that are central to most metapopulation models. 4 Plants possess a number of special features that present both challenges and opportunities for the development of new insights into the biology of metapopulations. Three particular characteristics, seed dormancy, restricted dispersal and local adaptation, need to be incorporated into existing theoretical models so they more accurately reflect the dynamics of plant metapopulations. Finally, more effort is needed to incorporate the explicit spatial structure of individuals within metapopulations and to investigate the effect that dispersion has on their growth and reproduction.
An assessment of the freezing tolerance of urban trees using chlorophyll fluorescence

Summary The purpose of this research was to determine whether chlorophyll fluorescence values obtained from excised leaves of urban trees subjected to freezing under laboratory conditions provided a measurable indicator of whole-tree freezing tolerance under glasshouse conditions. Laboratory tests consisted of measurements of the ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) performed on excised leaves taken from four year old stock of 15 urban tree species following freezing from 08C to 2108C at 2.K intervals. Based on reductions in Fv/Fm of excised leaves following freezing trees were ranked in order of tolerance. Four year old trees of seven of the 15 species tested were then subjected to a freezing temperature of 288C and placed under glasshouse conditions for 14 weeks. Recovery of whole trees from freezing damage as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rates and leaf chlorophyll content mirrored tolerance ranking of excised leaves under laboratory conditions. In addition, based on mortality at the cessation of the experiment, freezing tolerance followed a similar order as that obtained from Fv/Fm values of excised leaves. Irrespective of species, freezing damage signi®cantly reduced most growth parameters of whole trees measured at the cessation of the experiment. Results indicate that screening of excised leaf material under laboratory conditions using chlorophyll fluorescence as a quick, reliable and inexpensive procedure can provide a useful means of estimating the freezing tolerance of young trees.
DESIGN AN HIGH SECURITY CRYPTOGRAPHY USING GALIO FIELD

-This paper presents a new bit-parallel cryptography for the finite field GF (2m) generated with an irreducible all-one polynomial. Redundant representation adder is used to reduce the time delay of the proposed cryptography. In this project, we will propose an efficient VLSI architecture for cryptography implement it with an FPGA design methodology in order to provide a high-speed and last-effective cryptographic hardware.
ALL THINGS TO ALL PEOPLE : CHANGING PERCEPTONS OF ' SKILL ' AMONG BRITAIN ' S POLICY MAKERS SINCE THE 1950

The paper looks at how the meaning of 'skill' has broadened Inconsiderably since the 1950s through an examination of the relevant policy literature. The key role of both the Manpower Services Commission (MSC) and Further Education Unit (FEU) in re-defining 'skill' in the late 1970s and 1980s is stressed. 'Core' or 'key skills', which have come to dominate contemporary education and training debates, are seen as an extension of this agenda. The new discourse of skill is also likely to have major implications for the vocational education and training (VET) system. The paper concludes by arguing that if Britain is to break out of a 'low skill equilibrium' (Finegold and Soskice 1988) and create a vibrant participatory democracy, it must shift education and training policy out of a narrow economistic focus and obsession with skills supply, and ensure universal access to a broad and integrated general and vocational education for all. Orders for publications should be addressed to the SKOPE Secretary, SKOPE, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL
Compensatory Scope and Resource Allocation in Two Species of Aquatic Snails

The resource allocation strategies of the freshwater snails Stagnicola elodes and Physella gyrina were examined using artificial diets diluted to various degrees with cellulose. Even when nutrients were diluted by 50 or 75%, both species showed remarkable maintenance of their rates of assimilation (94 to 294% of controls) and production (82 to 140% of controls). This was mainly achieved by varying rates of feeding (148 to 397% of controls) and respiration (76 to 839% of controls). S. elodes was twice as large as P. gyrina and had slower rates. The hypothesis that this endows S. elodes with greater compensatory scope (i.e., a greater range of response in feeding or respiration rates) was strongly supported. This observation has broad implications for theories of evolution and niche breadth. Particular attention was devoted to trade-offs between somatic and reproductive sup- port. With 75% dietary dilution, the two species showed exactly inverse strategies. S. elodes supported growth more than reproduction (90 and 59% of controls, respectively), whereas P. gyrina supported reproduction over growth (116 and 38% of controls, respectively). Their strong compensatory ability suggests that these snails normally operate at submaximal rates that are homeostatically maintained. Shifts in resource allocation may be engaged as "anticipatory" safety measures, even before absolute shortages arise.
EFFECTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: A CASE OF SELECTED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES ON THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE

Whether a business is a startup or a going concern, it requires funds to carry out its activities as no success is achievable in the absence of fund. The needed fund may be for daily running or business expansions. This tells how important in the life of a business. Capital of firms when sourced, it becomes a burden on enterprises simply because it is other persons' resources which they are to compensate as they derive maximum benefits from it. Therefore, the firm capital structure is intended to provide maximum performance for the cost capital and the profitability for the business. The ability of the organization to carry out their stakeholders need is closely related to the capital structure. The determination of a company’s capital structure is a difficult task to achieve. The general objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between capital structure and financial performance of manufacturing firms listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Specifically, the study aimed to evaluate long term debt to asset ratio, short term debt to asset ratio, debt equity ratio, liquidity ratio and firm size, of manufacturing firms listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study used panel data of selected manufacturing Companies including BOC, British American Tobacco, CarbAcid Kenya, East African Breweries Ltd, Eveready Kenya, Mumias Sugar and Unga Group limited for a period of 9 years. Thus the groups were 7 and the time period was 9 years. All the independent variables are statistically significant. The coefficient of Long-term Debt to Asset ratio is positively related to performance meaning that the higher the Debt to Asset ratio, the greater the profitability. The short-term Debt to Asset Ratio is negatively related to profitability and hence performance of the manufacturing firm. Debt to equity ratio has a positive relationship with performance of a firm. The higher the debt to Equity ratio, the more the profitability hence higher performance of the firm. From the results a high long-term debt to asset ratio increases profitability of a firm whereas a high short-term debt to asset ratio and a high debt to equity ratio lower the performance of a manufacturing firm. Key Words: Long Term Debt to Asset Ratio, Short Term Debt to Asset Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio, Liquidity Ratio, Firm Size CITATION Omuhaya, M. N. , & Malenya, A. (2020). Effects of capital structure on financial performance: A case of selected manufacturing companies on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management , 7(3), 609 – 530.
Saga (Adenanthera pavonina Linn) Seeds Milk As An Alternative Source Of Protein From Tree Species

Saga seeds derived from saga (Adenanthera pavonina Linn) trees belongs to the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae-Mimosaceae), have potential as a source of protein. This research aims to obtain information about the potential of saga seeds milk as alternative milk based on processing and flavor enhancements. The method of testing saga seeds milk protein using the determination of N-Total by the Semi-Micro Kjeldahl method. The consumer preference level test is carried out with a hedonic test in the form of assessment based on the color, aroma, and taste parameters. The results of the saga seeds milk protein test results with the addition of 150 mL of water and cooking time for 10 minutes contain protein levels 1.19% ± 0.16. Organoleptic test results showed that saga seeds milk with the addition of 200 mL of water, cooked for 10 minutes with strawberry flavor had the highest score with an average color of 3.72 ± 0.94, aroma 3.96 ± 0.90 and taste 3, 96 ± 0.90.
Understanding the Biogeochemical Impacts of Fish Farms Using a Benthic-Pelagic Model

Sustainable development of the salmon farming industry requires knowledge of the biogeochemical impacts of fish farm emissions. To investigate the spatial and temporal scales of farm impacts on the water column and benthic biogeochemistry, we coupled the C-N-P-Si-O-S-Mn-Fe transformation model BROM with a 2-dimensional benthic-pelagic transport model (2DBP), considering vertical and horizontal transport in the water and upper 5 cm of sediments along a 10 km transect centered on a fish farm. The 2DBP model was forced by hydrophysical model data for the Hardangerfjord in western Norway. Model simulations showed reasonable agreement with field data from the Hardangerfjord in August 2016 (correlations between the model and observations were significant for most variables, and model biases were mostly <35%). The model predicted significant impacts on seafloor biogeochemistry up to 1 km from the fish farm (e.g., increased organic matter in sediments, oxygen depletion in bottom water and sediments, denitrification, metal and sulfur reduction), as well as detectable decreases in oxygen and increases in ammonium, phosphate and organic matter in the surface water near to the fish farm.
Characterization of Genomic Microsatellite Markers and Analysis of Pollen Donors Number for Single Cone of Chinese fir

Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolate (Lamb.) Hook] is one of the most important indigenous timber tree species in China. The aim of the present work is to characterize simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci derived from the specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF) data of the genome and to investigate the number of pollen donors for per cone was with novel SSR markers of low-frequency null alleles. A total of 58855 SLAF-SSR with frequency of 42.04 SSR/Mbp were identified in about 1.40 Gb Chinese fir genome. Dinucleotide repeat SSR contributed to 66.4% of the total SSR from SLAF data. The AT/AT and ATG/CAT motifs were predominant in the category of dinand trinucleotide repeat SSR. Low frequencies of null alleles (<5%) were detected at the nine novel SSR markers with average expected heterozygosity of 0.513 and polymorphism information content score of 0.508. The number of tested progeny of a cone was from 4 to 13. It could be 67 pollinizers for 15 cones and the average number of pollen donors per cone was 4.5. The study points out, for the first time, that there are multiple pollen donors for single cone in gymnosperm.
The Programmable Data Plane

Programmable data plane technologies enable the systematic reconfiguration of the low-level processing steps applied to network packets and are key drivers toward realizing the next generation of network services and applications. This survey presents recent trends and issues in the design and implementation of programmable network devices, focusing on prominent abstractions, architectures, algorithms, and applications proposed, debated, and realized over the past years. We elaborate on the trends that led to the emergence of this technology and highlight the most important pointers from the literature, casting different taxonomies for the field, and identifying avenues for future research.
Reply to Frenkel, Mehlhorn, and Heydorn on Protozoan Nomina dubia

review, together with a discussion on some biological aspects of their life cycles and a new proposal for their classification. Acta Leidensia 44: 1-107. ie , together with a discussion o some bioical aspects of their life cy les and a new proal for their classif cation. Acta Leid nsia 44: , AND . 1982. Current concepts on the biology, evolution and taxonomy of tissue cystforming eimeriid coccidia. Adv. Parasitol. 20: 293468.
Some Factors Involved in Browning of White Wines

Increasing temoerature, oxygen content, or pH increase the browning rate. Enzymic oxidation does not appear to be a factor. Sulfur dioxide inhibits browning, but does not prevent it. Grape seed tannin decreases the browning rate while tannic acid increases it. Iron increases the browning rate more than copper, with the effect of the two metals additive rather than synergistic. Citric acid decreases the browning rate at all levels of iron content tested. The varietal effect is the predominant factor with all the above factors merely modifying it.
A Review of Game Research Methodologies

The field of game research is still very young. As such, unlike many research fields, it lacks an established or widely accepted set of methods and techniques. Methods are often taken from other fields while new tools tailored specifically to games are still emerging. We used a conceptual content analysis approach to review the methodology of papers published from 2013 to 2018 in four major publication venues related to game research: CHI Play, the Digital Games Research Association conference, the International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, and the Games and Culture journal. We searched the papers to find all occurrences of words or phrases related to methods, tools or participants. The process was iterative as new keywords were found and informed subsequent searches. For instance, the names of specific questionnaires used by game researchers were found while searching for survey. Our findings offer an overview of the methods, tools and recruitment strategies currently used for game research. Through this review, we aim to contribute to the development of a set of well defined and commonly understood methods for game research.
10 Years of the PCG workshop: Past and Future Trends

As of 2020, the international workshop on Procedural Content Generation enters its second decade. The annual workshop, hosted by the international conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, has collected a corpus of 95 papers published in its first 10 years. This paper provides an overview of the workshop’s activities and surveys the prevalent research topics emerging over the years.
Long-Lasting Negative Effects of Learning Tasks During Early Life in the Three-Spined Stickleback

Early environment often has profound effects on phenotypic development that last throughout the lifetime. It has been suggested that unpredictable environments may favor cognitive abilities. However, cognitive challenges during development may result in life-history trade-offs, because complex neural reorganization required for coping with these challenges entails stress and energy costs. In this study, we experimentally tested whether early exposure to different cognitive challenges influences cognitive ability, brain size and life-history traits in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). For this, juvenile sticklebacks were challenged over a 2-month period to resolve four different learning tasks. Contrary to our predictions, individuals trained in learning tasks later showed a reduced ability to solve a new maze task, suggesting that these learning tasks during early life may impair the ability to cope with new cognitive challenges. Females from the learning task group showed smaller optic tectum volume than the control females. Fish from the learning task treatment reduced their growth during the experiment, then accelerated growth to catch up until the breeding season. Sticklebacks reared in an environment with learning tasks also suffered a greater mortality than the controls both during and after the experiment. For the first time to our knowledge, we demonstrated direct costs of living in environments with cognitive challenges by tracking long-term performances of sticklebacks exposed to dynamic challenges during early life. Our results show that environmental challenges during ontogeny trigger plastic responses, but contrary to the common belief, do not improve the ability to cope with new cognitive challenges.
Mitochondrial DNA Diversity within and among Populations of Razorback Sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) as Determined by Restriction Endonuclease Analysis

Genetic variation within and among populations of razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) an endangered catostomid fish endemic to the Colorado River basin of western North America, was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis of mtDNA. MtDNA from 143 specimens was cleaved with eight 4and 6-basepair-recognizing restriction endonucleases, delineating 38 haplotypes. Withinpopulation heterogeneity varied clinally. Diversity and number of haplotypes declined progressively downto upstream. Most variation was within instead of between populations, and phylogenetic and phenetic approaches identified no geographic structure of haplotype networks. Thus, samples were from remnants of a single population that formerly occupied the entire basin. Clinal variation of within-population heterogeneity likely reflects either nonequilibrium conditions due to Holocene expansion northward from a southern refugium or climate-associated variation in population sizes. Because historical gene exchange seemed sufficient to preclude population divergence, conservation strategies treating the imperiled species as a single population are appropriate.