Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of platelets in the recruitment of leukocytes during vascular disease

Abstract Besides their role in the formation of thrombus during haemostasis, it is becoming clear that platelets contribute to a number of other processes within the vasculature. Indeed, the integrated function of the thrombotic and inflammatory systems, which results in platelet-mediated recruitment of leukocytes, is now considered to be of great importance in the propagation, progression and pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease of the arteries. There are three scenarios by which platelets can interact with leukocytes: (1) during haemostasis, when platelets adhere to and are activated on sub-endothelial matrix proteins exposed by vascular damage and then recruit leukocytes to a growing thrombus. (2) Platelets adhere to and are activated on stimulated endothelial cells and then bridge blood borne leukocytes to the vessel wall and. (3) Adhesion between platelets and leukocytes occurs in the blood leading to formation of heterotypic aggregates prior to contact with endothelial cells. In the following review we will not discuss leukocyte recruitment during haemostasis, as this represents a physiological response to tissue trauma that can progress, at least in its early stages, in the absence of inflammation. Rather we will deal with scenarios 2 and 3, as these pathways of platelet–leukocyte interactions are important during inflammation and in chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Indeed, these interactions mean that leukocytes possess means of adhesion to the vessel wall under conditions that may not normally be permissive of leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion, meaning that the disease process may be able to bypass the regulatory pathways which would ordinarily moderate the inflammatory response.
The Effect of Adversity Quotient and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention Through Entrepreneurial Attitude

The purpose of this study is to determine the following points: (1) the effect of adversity quotient on entrepreneurial attitude; (2) the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial attitude; (3) the effect of adversity quotient on entrepreneurial intention; (4) the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention; (5) the effect of entrepreneurial attitude on entrepreneurial intention; (6) the effect of adversity quotient on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurial attitude; and (7) the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurial attitude. The research method uses a quantitative approach with the population of 1503 respondents from vocational senior high school students majoring in business and management in Jember. The sample was selected using the proportionate stratified random sampling and it was found a sample of 316 respondents. After the statistic test was performed, there were 5 respondents who were not in accordance with research data so that the total of the final samples of the research was 311 respondents. The results of this research show that all the hypotheses have positive and significant effect. The most positive and significant effect was found in the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention. Based on these results, it is suggested to increase the students' psychology (adversity quotient and entrepreneurial selfefficacy) intensively through entrepreneurship education, both by direct learning and by other activities related to entrepreneurship in order to increase entrepreneurial attitude and intention. Entrepreneursial intention is formed within the students, so the suitable stimulus and encouragement is from students’ intrinsic motivation.
Progress of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Regulation from Purple Pepper ( Capsicum Annuum L . )

Anthocyanin is a water-soluble pigment, is a class of secondary metabolites, and it belongs to the flavonoid polyphenols. The peel is purple, which caused by the anthocyanin accumulation, so the purple pepper is loved by more and more consumers by high nutritional value and health effects. With the deepening of research about anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways in plants, some research of this aspect are carried out in the purple pepper. This paper mainly discuss the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins in purple pepper, and the research progress of the transcription factors that involved in the regulation and the effects of the external environment, which is helpful to have a better understanding of the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and provide a theoretical reference for the breeding of purple pepper varieties.
Dopaminergic regulation of BDNF content in the pituitary intermediate lobe

PREVIOUS studies in adult rats have demostrated that the neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is present in virtually all cells of the pituitary intermediate lobe. In the present study, we demonstrate that cells cultured from adult intermediate lobe pituitary (ILP) rapidly lose their BDNF immunoreactivity (IR). Furthermore, a similar loss of immunostaining occurs in whole (undissociated) ILP within 30 min after removal from the rat. However, when the dopamine agonist apomorphine is present throughout the dissociation procedure and during cultivation, BDNF-IR is preserved. Supplying apomorphine only during either dissociation or cultivation did not prevent the loss of BDNF-IR in the 24 h cultures. These results suggest that a tonic dopaminergic stimulus is required to maintain BDNF-IR in ILP cells.
SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED RECYCLED CONCRETE BEAMS

Shear behavior of reinforced recycled concrete (RRC) beams are investigated experimentally in order to contribute to establishing design method for shear by comparing with that of reinforced concrete beam made of virgin aggregate. Ten reinforced concrete beams are prepaired using manmade recycled fine and coarse aggregates as well as those from site. The major factors are combination of aggregates, water to cement ratios, effective depth and usage of expansive additive. Experimental results indicate that RRC beams without stirrups is decreased in shear strength by 20% and empirical design code overestimates the shear strength of recycled aggregate concrete. On the contrary, shear strength of RRC beams with stirrup is almost the same as those of RC beams in experimental results, while modified truss theory underestimates the ultimate shear strength of beams by 30% on the condition that shear failure is defined by yielding of stirrup.
Temporal Dynamics of Proactive and Reactive Motor Inhibition

Proactive motor inhibition refers to endogenous preparatory mechanisms facilitating action inhibition, whereas reactive motor inhibition is considered to be a sudden stopping process triggered by external signals. Previous studies were inconclusive about the temporal dynamics of involved neurocognitive processes during proactive and reactive motor control. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated the time-course of proactive and reactive inhibition, measuring event-related oscillations and event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants performed in a cued go/nogo paradigm with cues indicating whether the motor response might or might not have to be inhibited. Based on the dual mechanisms of control (DMC) framework by Braver, we investigated the role of attentional effects, motor preparation in the sensorimotor cortex and prefrontal cognitive control mechanisms, separating effects before and after target onset. In the cue-target interval, proactive motor inhibition was associated with increased attention, reflected in reduced visual alpha power and an increased contingent negative variation (CNV). At the same time, motor inhibition was modulated by reduced sensorimotor beta power. After target onset, proactive inhibition resulted in an increased N1, indicating allocation of attention towards relevant stimuli, increased prefrontal beta power and a modulation of sensorimotor mu activity. As in previous studies, reactive stopping of motor actions was associated with increased prefrontal beta power and increased sensorimotor beta activity. The results stress the relevance of attentional mechanisms for proactive inhibition and speak for different neurocognitive mechanisms being involved in the early preparation for and in later implementation of motor inhibition.
The number of cardiac myocytes in the hypertrophic and hypotrophic left ventricle of the obese and calorie‐restricted mouse heart

Changes in body mass due to varying amounts of calorie intake occur frequently with obesity and anorexia/cachexia being at opposite sides of the scale. Here, we tested whether a high‐fat diet or calorie restriction (CR) decreases the number of cardiac myocytes and affects their volume. Ten 6–8‐week‐old mice were randomly assigned to a normal (control group, n = 5) or high‐fat diet (obesity group, n = 5) for 28 weeks. Ten 8‐week‐old mice were randomly assigned to a normal (control group, n = 5) or CR diet (CR group, n = 5) for 7 days. The left ventricles of the hearts were prepared for light and electron microscopy, and analysed by design‐based stereology. In CR, neither the number of cardiac myocytes, the relationship between one‐ and multinucleate myocytes nor their mean volume were significantly different between the groups. In contrast, in the obese mice we observed a significant increase in cell size combined with a lower number of cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05 in the one‐sided U‐test) and an increase in the mean number of nuclei per myocyte. The mean volume of myofibrils and mitochondria per cardiac myocyte reflected the hypertrophic and hypotrophic remodelling in obesity and CR, respectively, but were only significant in the obese mice, indicating a more profound effect of the obesity protocol than in the CR experiments. Taken together, our data indicate that long‐lasting obesity is associated with a loss of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle, but that short‐term CR does not alter the number of cardiomyocytes.
Chikungunya : A Neglected Re-Emerging Disease

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging arthropod borne virus transmitted by Aedes species of mosquitoes that causes major outbreak in more than 60 countries in Asia, Africa and more recently Europe and American continents. The re-emergence of chikungunya poses major public health burden worldwide, mostly affecting low and middle income countries. The outbreak is relatively uncommon; sporadic and affects all age groups. It is a febrile disease characterized with debilitating polyarthralgia lasting for weeks to months. Although chikungunya infection has caused millions of cases, still it is poorly documented without specific preventive and therapeutic interventions. This chapter summarizes our current knowledge about the epidemiology and clinical significance of chikungunya virus, mosquito vector, prevention and control measures.
Cooperative Path Planning for Target Tracking in Urban Environments Using Unmanned Air and Ground Vehicles

As the need for autonomous reconnaissance and surveillance missions in cluttered urban environments has been increasing, this paper describes a cooperative path planning algorithm for tracking a moving target in urban environments using both unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). The novelty of the algorithm is that it takes into account vision occlusions due to obstacles in the environment. The algorithm uses a dynamic occupancy grid to model the target state, which is updated by sensor measurements using a Bayesian filter. Based on the current and predicted target behavior, the path planning algorithm for a single vehicle (UAV/UGV) is first designed to maximize the sum of the probability of detection over a finite look-ahead horizon. The algorithm is then extended to multiple vehicle collaboration scenarios, where a decentralized planning algorithm relying on an auction scheme is designed to plan finite look-ahead paths that maximize the sum of the joint probability of detection over all vehicles.
Formation mechanism of internal shear layers in a developing turbulent boundary layer

© 2018 Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society. All rights reserved. The evolution and formation mechanism of large-scale shear layers in a turbulent boundary layer are investigated using time-resolved PIV datasets of a developing turbulent boundary layer from inception at the trip up to a friction Reynolds number of Reτ =3000. The spatially developing boundary layer is formed on a 5m long flat plate towed through a water tank. By tracking large-scale coherent events using the time-resolved PIV datasets, it is found that there is a difference in the convection velocity between large-scale low- and high-speed motions at a given wall-height in the outer region. Further, an analysis of a sequence of instantaneous fields of streamwise velocity fluctuation reveals that strong streamwise velocity gradients in the wall-normal direction are prevalent along interfaces where low- and high-speed regions interact as they travel at a different speed. To provide an insight on how these regions are associated with the formation of shear layers in a turbulent boundary layer, we compute conditional averages of streamwise velocity fluctuation based on a strong shear layer. Our results reveal that one possible mechanism for the generation of shear layers is due to the mismatch in convection velocities between low- and high-speed regions. Interpretation of these findings is further supported by employing direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a temporally developing turbulent boundary layer [8]. DNS data also demonstrate that the interaction between large-scale low- and high-speed motions form shear layers in the logarithmic region, providing a possible formation mechanism and dynamics of shear layers within wall-bounded turbulent flows.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for primary dysmenorrhoea.

BACKGROUND Dysmenorrhoea is a common gynaecological complaint consisting of painful cramps accompanying menstruation, which in the absence of any underlying abnormality is known as primary dysmenorrhoea. Research has shown that women with dysmenorrhoea have high levels of prostaglandins, hormones known to cause cramping abdominal pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are drugs which act by blocking prostaglandin production. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to compare all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea with placebo, with paracetamol and with each other to evaluate their effectiveness and safety. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group trials register (11 April 2003), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1st quarter 2003), MEDLINE (1966-April 2003), and EMBASE (1980 - Week 15 2003). Attempts were also made to identify trials from the National Research Register and the Clinical Trials Register. Citation lists of relevant publications, review articles, abstracts of major scientific meetings and included studies were also searched. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled comparisons of NSAID therapies versus placebo, versus other NSAIDs or versus paracetamol when used to treat primary dysmenorrhoea. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed trials for quality and extracted data, calculating odds ratios for dichotomous outcomes and weighted mean differences for continuous outcomes. Crossover trial data were presented in additional tables and other data were summarised descriptively. MAIN RESULTS In women with dysmenorrhoea, NSAIDs were found significantly more effective for pain relief than placebo (OR 7.91, 95% CI 5.65 to 11.09), though overall adverse effects were also significantly more common (OR 1.52 95% CI 1.09 to 2.12). When NSAIDs were compared with each other or with paracetamol, there was little evidence of the superiority of any individual NSAID with regard to either efficacy or safety. However the available evidence had little power to detect such differences, as most individual comparisons were based on very few small trials, most of which were unsuitable for meta-analysis. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS NSAIDs are an effective treatment for dysmenorrhoea, though women using them need to be aware of the significant risk of adverse effects. There is insufficient evidence to determine which (if any) individual NSAID is the most safe and effective for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea.
Lowering the risk of visual impairment and blindness

Diabetic retinopathy remains the leading cause of visual disability and blindness among professionally active adults in economically developed societies, which is of particular concern because the prevalence and incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is expected to increase sharply during the next decade. Retinopathy is fundamentally similar in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it is widely accepted that if detected and treated early, loss of vision and blindness from diabetic retinopathy may be prevented. Studies such as the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group (UKPDS), the Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) have established accepted guidelines for the management of diabetic retinopathy. Good metabolic control is particularly important in the early phases of the disease, and will delay the onset of retinopathy and decrease the rate of progression. When advanced stages of retinopathy are reached, laser photocoagulation is effective in decreasing the development to blindness by over 50 %. However, preventable blindness still occurs despite the tight control of blood glucose levels and the use of retinal photocoagulation. To reduce the risk of visual impairment and blindness caused by diabetes, diabetic patients must be taught how to control their blood glucose levels, regular eye examinations must be carried out and the conditions for timely laser photocoagulation must be created. The implementation of screening and treatment programmes for visual impairment in diabetes has proved to be worthwhile in terms of costs and health benefits. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Green Open Space Proportion on Air Ambient PM10 Reduction of Surabaya City

This paper presents the information of effect green open space on to ambient air PM10 reduction of Surabaya city. The reduction value used the PM10 concentration cumulative indicator for 1 time period (K_PM10). 1 time period is 24 hours. Time series data were taken in 20022014. The PM10 reduction value and green open space percentage were used. Keywords— propose, RTH, reduce value, PM10
Comparisons of Causes of Death and Mortality Rates Among HIV-Infected Persons: Analysis of the Pre-, Early, and Late HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) Eras

Methods:Comparisons of death-related variables during the 3 eras were performed. Results:The number of deaths declined over the study period, with 987 deaths in the pre-HAART era, 159 deaths in the early HAART era (1997-1999), and 78 deaths in the late HAART era (2000-2003) (P < 0.01). The annual death rate peaked in 1995 (10.3 per 100 patients) and then declined to <2 deaths per 100 persons in the late HAART era (P < 0.01). The proportion of deaths attributable to infection decreased, but infection remained the leading cause of death in our cohort, followed by cancer. Of those who died, there was an increasing proportion of non-HIV-related deaths (32% vs. 9%; P < 0.01), including cardiac disease (22% vs. 8%; P < 0.01) and trauma (8% vs. 2%; P = 0.01) in the post-HAART versus pre-HAART era. Despite the absence of intravenous drug use and the low prevalence of hepatitis C coinfection in our cohort, an increasing proportion of deaths in the HAART era were attributable to liver disease, although the numbers are small. Conclusions:Despite increasing concerns regarding antiretroviral resistance, the death rate among HIV-infected persons in our cohort continues to decline. Our data show a lower death rate than that reported among many other US HIV-infected populations; this may be the result of open access to health care. A shift in the causes of death toward non-HIV-related causes suggests that a more comprehensive health care approach may be needed for optimal life expectancy; this may include enhanced screening for malignancy and heart disease as well as preventive measures for liver disease and accidents.
Association between household and workplace smoking restrictions and adolescent smoking.

CONTEXT Recent marked increases in adolescent smoking indicate a need for new prevention approaches. Whether workplace and home smoking restrictions play a role in such prevention is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between workplace and home smoking restrictions and adolescent smoking. DESIGN, SETTING, AND SUBJECTS Data were analyzed from 2 large national population-based surveys, the Current Population Surveys of 1992-1993 and 1995-1996, which included 17,185 adolescents aged 15 to 17 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Smoking status of the adolescents surveyed, compared by presence of home and workplace smoking restrictions. RESULTS After adjusting for demographics and other smokers in the household, adolescents who lived in smoke-free households were 74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 62%-88%) as likely to be smokers as adolescents who lived in households with no smoking restrictions. Similarly, adolescents who worked in smoke-free workplaces were 68% (95% CI, 51%-90%) as likely to be smokers as adolescents who worked in a workplace with no smoking restrictions. Adolescent smokers were 1.80 (95% CI, 1.23-2.65) times more likely to be former smokers if they lived in smoke-free homes. The most marked relationship of home smoking restrictions to current adolescent smoking occurred in households where all other members were never-smokers. Current smoking prevalence among adolescents in homes without smoking restrictions approached that among adolescents in homes with a current smoker but with smoking restrictions. CONCLUSIONS Parents with minor children should be encouraged to adopt smoke-free homes. Smoke-free workplaces can also augment smoking prevention. These findings emphasize the importance of tobacco control strategies aimed at the entire population rather than at youth alone. JAMA. 2000;284:717-722
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY LAMINATE FOR DESIGN OF SELF-FOLDING RECONFIGURABLE STRUCTURES

In this work, we examine a self-folding material system that consists of an active laminate including two outer layers of thermally-actuated shape memory alloy (SMA) separated by a compliant passive layer. Localized SMA actuation enables control of the local Gaussian curvature anywhere in the sheet, allowing the initially planar laminate sheet to reconfigure into a 3D structure. The laminate extends the “programmable matter” concept since it can be formed and reconfigured in three dimensions without external manipulations. Two designs have been considered for the self-folding laminate sheet: one design proposes pre-strained thin SMA films for the outer layers of the laminate while the other proposes meshes of pre-strained SMA wires for such layers. The folding performances of these two designs are compared via finite element simulations. The results show that the mesh-based design provides tighter folds at any orientation than the film-based design for the same amount of volumespecific applied power. The mesh-based design shows other attractive qualities such as lower laminate density, less difficult SMA pre-straining process, and reduction of negative effects due to heat transfer between the SMA layers. However, the film-based design provides the advantage of a homogeneous and isotropic folding performance unlike the mesh-based design, where the folding performance depends on orientation and location of the heating zone.