Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
65 CVD : Cardiovascular Disease 66 CAD : Coronary Artery Disease 67 LDL-C : Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol 68 HDLC : High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol 69 MUFA : Monounsaturated fatty acid 70 PUFA : Polyunsaturated fatty acid

1 FamPhy: The Physician on call, Gurgaon, India; 2 Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon India; 3 Sir Vithaldas 4 Thackersey College of Home Science, SNDT Women's University,Mumbai, India; 4 PS Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat; 5 5 Former Directors National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad, India. 6 7 Emails: 8 S Kalita: soumikkalita@gmail.com 9 S Khandelwal: shweta.khandelwal@phfi.org 10 J Madan: dr.jagmeetmadan@gmail.com 11 H Pandya: himanshuvpandya@gmail.com 12 B Sesikeran: sesikeran@gmail.com 13 K Krishnaswamy: sri21kk@yahoo.com 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Word count: 2614 27 Number of tables:2 28 Number of figures:0 29 30 31 32 33 34 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 21 November 2017 doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0137. v1
Prion analogues and twin studies in Parkinson's disease

Neurology 1996;46:273-275 For most multifactorial diseases in which twin studies have been performed, the concordance rates in monozygotic twins are substantially higher than the concordance rates in dizygotic twins, although dizygotic twins have a concordance rate substantially higher than the risk of disease in the general population. [1] These data are expected if the disease has a substantial genetic predisposition. In contrast, if environmental effects predominate, concordance rates in monozygotic and dizygotic twins are similar and these rates are higher than the risk among unrelated individuals because twins share a similar environment as children and, as a group, have similar diets, lifestyle, and occupational exposures as adults. [1] There have been several twin studies in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) (Table 1). [2-5] Although each study has some methodologic limitations, the conclusions of independent groups sampling different populations are puzzling: The concordance rates for monozygotic and dizygotic twins are equal and similar to the risk of PD in the general population. [6] At face value, these data suggest that neither genetics nor the environment has a role in PD. In the absence of a tenable explanation, many researchers have challenged the accuracy of the twin data. [7,8] Twin studies conducted thus far failed to account fully for heterochrony of disease expression among co-twins, for the possibility of formes frustes (e.g., isolated tremor), and for subclinical PD. In addition, the number of twins was insufficient to permit any definitive conclusion. [7] A recent18 fluorodopa positron emission tomography (PET) study of PD twin pairs has revealed subclinical abnormalities compatible with PD in clinically normal co-twins; [8,9] similar changes were detected by PET in patients with isolated tremor. This study hints that the concordance rate of PD twins may be higher than previously realized if subclinical …
Hepatic lesions in young rabbits experimentally infected with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus.

Twenty young rabbits (eleven 2-week-old and nine 4-week-old) were experimentally infected with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) to clarify susceptibility. They were killed chronologically up to 96 hours post-inoculation (PI) and examined for lesions. All inoculated rabbits were clinically normal, but grossly minute white or grey spots were detected throughout the liver. Histologically, the lesions consisted of aggregates of lymphocytes, macrophages and heterophils, with or without acidophilic bodies and necrotic hepatocytes. Immunohistochemically, RHDV antigens were found in the degenerated hepatocytes and in macrophages. The cellular aggregates were considered to be a reaction to necrotic hepatocytes infected with RHDV. It was concluded that some hepatocytes are susceptible to RHDV in young rabbits.
Monoid presentations of groups by finite special string-rewriting systems

We show that the class of groups which have monoid presentations by means of finite special [λ]-confluent string-rewriting systems strictly contains the class of plain groups (the groups which are free products of a finitely generated free group and finitely many finite groups), and that any group which has an infinite cyclic central subgroup can be presented by such a string-rewriting system if and only if it is the direct product of an infinite cyclic group and a finite cyclic group.
Comparative study of the status indicators in transmission line circuit-switchers

For the remote operation of transmission line circuit-switchers that are equipped with electric arches extinction chamber must be known the signal provided by mechanical flags that signalizes the status of SF6 gas pressure as well the state of the electrical contact inside of the chamber. This visual inspection required is costly and may generate delays, reducing the availability of the equipment. This R&D project proposed the development of a monitoring system supporting different technologies that will permit that AES Eletropaulo choose the better solution for each particular field condition. The developed system implements the automatic monitoring of the real status of mechanical flags by the use of the optical sensors, as well the state of the switch (open/closed) through position sensors and images captured e processed in the instant of the maneuver.
Gender and cataract surgery in Sweden 1992-1997. A retrospective observational study based on the Swedish National Cataract Register.

PURPOSE To study the gender difference in total utilisation of cataract surgery in Sweden during the years 1992-1997. METHODS The study is based on data from the National Swedish Cataract Register which covers about 95% of all cataract operations performed in Sweden during the study period. RESULTS Utilisation of cataract surgery in Sweden was significantly higher in females than in males for all age groups between 50 and 89 years of age during the period 1992-1997. This gender difference was more pronounced for second eye surgery than first eye surgery in most age groups. The gender difference varied also depending on the pre-operative visual acuity. CONCLUSION The cataract surgery rate was significantly higher for females compared to males during the study period. Three hypotheses to explain the gender difference are discussed.
Could Removing Arsenic from Tobacco Smoke Significantly Reduce Smoker Risks of Lung Cancer?

If a specific biological mechanism could be determined by which a carcinogen increases lung cancer risk, how might this knowledge be used to improve risk assessment? To explore this issue, we assume (perhaps incorrectly) that arsenic in cigarette smoke increases lung cancer risk by hypermethylating the promoter region of gene p16INK4a, leading to a more rapid entry of altered (initiated) cells into a clonal expansion phase. The potential impact on lung cancer of removing arsenic is then quantified using a three‐stage version of a multistage clonal expansion (MSCE) model. This refines the usual two‐stage clonal expansion (TSCE) model of carcinogenesis by resolving its intermediate or “initiated” cell compartment into two subcompartments, representing experimentally observed “patch” and “field” cells. This refinement allows p16 methylation effects to be represented as speeding transitions of cells from the patch state to the clonally expanding field state. Given these assumptions, removing arsenic might greatly reduce the number of nonsmall cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs) produced in smokers, by up to two‐thirds, depending on the fraction (between 0 and 1) of the smoking‐induced increase in the patch‐to‐field transition rate prevented if arsenic were removed. At present, this fraction is unknown (and could be as low as zero), but the possibility that it could be high (close to 1) cannot be ruled out without further data.
Considering calcium-binding proteins in invertebrates: multi-functional proteins that shape neuronal growth

Calcium is a critical second messenger molecule in all cells and is vital in neurons for synaptic transmission. Given this importance, calcium ions are tightly controlled by a host of molecular players including ion channels, sensors, and buffering proteins. Calcium can act directly by binding to signaling molecules or calcium's effects can be indirect, for example by altering nuclear histones which can lead to changes in gene transcription (Rishal and Fainzilber, 2014). All of these mechanisms come into play in developing axons as calcium is required for both axon pathfinding and branching. Furthermore, after neuronal injury, waves of calcium originating at the site of axon segmentation and propagating to the nucleus have long been known to be required for regeneration (Rishal and Fainzilber, 2014). These changes in intracellular calcium concentrations [Ca2+]i must be properly controlled or else new growth cones may fail to form and degeneration of the neuron may occur. While many of the molecular players involved in these calcium-dependent processes have been identified, calcium buffering proteins have often been undervalued for their role in regulating axon growth either during normal development or in the event of injury.
Delay fault testing of designs with embedded IP cores

Conventional methods cannot effectively verify path delays of designs employing IP circuits (cores) whose implementation details are hidden. A delay fault ATPG method for such designs is proposed that employs a scan technique called selectively transparent scan (STS). Experimental results are presented which show that the STS method can robustly test paths of a specified delay range in core-based circuits, and substantially reduce test length.
Surfactant administration via a thin endotracheal catheter during spontaneous breathing in preterm infants

To systematically review the clinical outcomes of surfactant administration via a thin endotracheal catheter during spontaneous breathing compared with conventional administration involving tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation (MV), and tracheal extubation, in preterm infants. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant clinical trials. Data were analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration methods. Primary outcome measures included the incidence of MV and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Finally, four RCTs, two prospective cohort trials, and six historical controlled trials involving 5,261 preterm infants were analyzed. In RCTs, surfactant administration though a thin catheter reduced the incidence of MV (risk ratio [RR]: 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66, 0.81) in 72 hr and BPD (RR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.50, 0.97) compared with conventional administration and in non‐RCTs, there was also significant reduction in the incidence of MV (RR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.45, 0.68) and BPD (RR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.60, 0.82) in favor of the thin catheter group. There were no significant differences between the two procedures in terms of short‐term pulmonary complications, intracranial pathology, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, and mortality. Thus, surfactant administration via a thin endotracheal catheter to preterm infants has promising benefits, including reducing the incidences of MV and BPD, while providing comparable breathing support to conventional administration in MV. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017; 52:844–854. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Influence of Referee Bias on Extra Time in Elite Soccer Matches

Referees have discretion over the addition of extra time at the end of the soccer game to compensate for lost time due to unusual stoppages. This study assesses if referees favor big teams by shortening close games where the big team is ahead and lengthening close games where the big team is behind. The sample comprises all 380 matches in the Spanish La Liga during the 2014–2015 season. The dependent variable was the extra time the referee decides to add to the second half. The independent variables were the score difference, opponent team’s level of play, yellow cards, red cards, player substitutions, average attendance, and fouls committed. Linear regression analysis suggested that the greater the score difference between teams, the less extra time was added by the referee. However, in close games, referees tended to add more time for a higher level team when they were behind and add less time when they were ahead. Red cards and the number of fouls committed increased the extra time.
Analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 late mRNA 3' processing signals in vitro and in vivo

In the human papillomavirus type 16 genome, three late mRNA putative 3' processing signals, designated LP1, LP2, and LP3, are located downstream of the late coding region. Our results show, both in vitro and in vivo, that in HeLa cells, the LP2 signal functions. Thus, the restriction in human papillomavirus type 16 late-gene expression observed in HeLa cells and other nondifferentiated epithelial cells is not achieved by regulation of late mRNA poly(A) site usage. Interestingly, alteration of three nucleotides in the GU-rich downstream sequence element converts the nonfunctional LP1 to an efficient 3' processing site, suggesting that LP1 may function in cell types other than HeLa, such as differentiated keratinocytes. Our transfection studies have identified a negative regulatory element located immediately upstream of the late mRNA 3' processing signals; this element was not associated with any alteration in 3' processing and may act as an mRNA instability element.
Aerobic evaluation in soccer

Physical assessments are fundamental for the control and improvement of the performance of soccer players. In this respect, field and laboratory tests are commonly used to evaluate physical fitness in this sports modality. However, it is important to choose the appropriate protocol according to the objectives of the assessment. Thus, the aim of the present study was to perform a critical-narrative review of the aerobic assessment of soccer players, including physiological indices and field and laboratory tests. With respect to the aerobic indices identified in this review, maximal oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold, and running economy were found to contribute to the development of training programs and help monitor their effects in soccer players. However, the anaerobic threshold is the index most sensitive to the effects of training and also better discriminates performance among athletes of different competitive levels. Regarding field tests, the Carminatti test (Tcar) and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (YYIR1) test are the most suitable tests for the aerobic assessment of soccer players considering their specificity, validity and reproducibility. However, the TCar permits the direct transfer of indicators of aerobic power and capacity to the training sessions, whereas the YYIR1 mainly explores the distance covered, which partly limits this transfer.
Management of hepatitis C among drug users attending general practice in Ireland: Baseline data from the Dublin Area Hepatitis C in General Practice Initiative

Objective: In Ireland, general practice is increasingly providing long-term care for injecting drug users, 62–81% of whom are infected with hepatitis C (HCV). Clinical guidelines for the management of HCV among drug users have recently been developed in Ireland, and this study aimed to describe HCV care among drug users attending general practice in the greater Dublin area, prior to the implementation of the clinical practice guidelines. Methods: The clinical records of 196 patients attending 25 general practices in the Eastern Regional Health Authority area of Ireland for methadone maintenance treatment were examined on site and anonymized data collected on HCV care processes. Results: Patients had been attending general practice for methadone maintenance treatment for a mean of 30.7 months, 72% were male and 51% had provided a urine sample testing positive for metabolites of drugs of abuse other than methadone in the previous 3 months. There was evidence that 77%, 69% and 60% had been screened for HCV, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B (HBV), respectively. Among those who had been tested, the prevalence of HCV, HIV and HBV infection was 69%, 10% and 11%, respectively. Of those known to be HCV positive, 36 (35%) had been tested for HCV-RNA (29 testing positive), 31 (30%) had been referred to a hepatology clinic, 24 (23%) had attended a clinic, 13 (13%) had a liver biopsy performed and three (3%) had started treatment for HCV. Conclusion: While the majority of patients have been screened for blood-borne viruses, a minority of those infected with HCV have had subsequent investigations or treatment. New interventions to facilitate optimum care in this regard need to be considered.
Web‐based continuing medical education (II): Evaluation study of computer‐mediated continuing medical education

Background: Over the years, various distance learning technologies and methods have been applied to the continuing medical education needs of rural and remote physicians. They have included audio teleconferencing, slow scan imaging, correspondence study, and compressed videoconferencing. The recent emergence and growth of Internet, World Wide Web (Web), and compact disk read‐only‐memory (CD‐ROM) technologies have introduced new opportunities for providing continuing education to the rural medical practitioner. This evaluation study assessed the instructional effectiveness of a hybrid computer‐mediated courseware delivery system on dermatologic office procedures. Methods: A hybrid delivery system merges Web documents, multimedia, computer‐mediated communications, and CD‐ROMs to enable self‐paced instruction and collaborative learning. Using a modified pretest to post‐test control group study design, several evaluative criteria (participant reaction, learning achievement, self‐reported performance change, and instructional transactions) were assessed by various qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Results: This evaluation revealed that a hybrid computer‐mediated courseware system was an effective means for increasing knowledge (p <.05) and improving self‐reported competency (p <.05) in dermatologic office procedures, and that participants were very satisfied with the self‐paced instruction and use of asynchronous computer conferencing for collaborative information sharing among colleagues.
Lactobacillus sanfranciscoa key sourdough lactic acid bacterium:a review

Sourdough may be considered a traditional product with a great future. Studies on the sourdough microflora have recently been improved. In this paper, research on Lactobacillus sanfrancisco, a key sourdough lactic acid bacterium, is reviewed. The physiology, trophic relationships with sourdough related organisms and the genetics are considered in order to explain and improve the biotechnological performances of Lb. sanfrancisco. © 1997 Academic Press Limited
A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for the Grasp Planning Problem

Computing a set of contact points between a robotic hand and an object in order to fulfill some criteria is the main problem of the grasp planning. An automatic grasp planning can produce a set of joint angles defining a configuration of the robotic hand. The huge number of solutions that satisfy a good grasp is the main difficulty of such a planner. In this paper, we represent the grasp planning problem as an optimization problem and we propose a new algorithm based on a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. To generate the positions of the fingertips, the kinematic of the hand is modeled. Therefore, a simple PSO algorithm is described to optimize the workspace of the operating hand based on a quality of measure of the grasp. The simulation results support the effectiveness of our approach.
Inhibition of Cytokine-Induced MHC Class II but Not Class I Molecule Expression on Mouse Islet Cells by Niacinamide and 3-Aminobenzamide

Normal mouse islet cells express low levels of MHC class I molecules and undetectable or extremely low levels of MHC class II molecules. Class I expression was dose-dependently augmented by incubation with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Although neither IFN-γ nor TNF alone induce class II molecules on islet cells, synergistic interaction of IFN-γ (200 U/ml) and TNF (200 U/ml) may induce class II expression on ∼50% of islet cells. Niacinamide and 3-aminobenzamide, both inhibitors of ADP ribosylation and scavengers of free radicals, attenuated the class II expression induced by IFN-μ and TNF. Twenty millimolar niacinamide and 10 mM 3-aminobenzamide reduced the rates of class II antigenpositive cells to mean ± SD 3.6 ± 0.3 and 6.1 ± 1.9%, respectively. The agents did not affect the cytokineinduced augmentation of class I antigens. The inhibition of class II molecule expression may at least partly account for the preventive effect of niacinamide on autoimmune-associated α-cell damage in NOD mice.
An Artificial Magnetic Conductor Backed Electrically Large Zero-Phase-Shift Line Grid-Loop Near-Field Antenna

A zero-phase-shift line (ZPSL) grid-loop antenna backed by an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed to realize a uniform and strong magnetic field distribution over an electrically large interrogation zone for near-field wireless systems. The grid-loop configuration is able to achieve a uniform magnetic field distribution over an enlarged interrogation zone by enhancing the magnetic field in the central portion of the ZPSL loop. Moreover, an AMC comprised of four-arm spiral unit cells is designed to back the ZPSL grid-loop antenna for a directional field distribution and enhanced magnetic field intensity. The proposed antenna is exemplified as a reader antenna for ultrahigh frequency near-field radio frequency identification systems. By using an Impinj Speedway reader with an output power of 30 dBm, a 100% detection rate of Impinj J41 tags is achieved up to 90 mm over an interrogation zone of $200 \times 200$ mm2.
A methodology to coordinate solid-state fault current limiters with conventional protective devices

High short-circuit currents can cause equipment failures that conventional protective devices may not avoid. Alternatively, solid-state fault current limiters (SSFCL) are designed to limit high levels of short circuit currents, in particular, within quarter cycle. However, the SSFCL may cause sensor and protection equipment malfunction; this may lead to mis-coordination and false tripping between existing protective devices, and thus reduce system reliability. This paper addresses a methodology to coordinate conventional protective devices and a thyristor-based SSFCL in a distribution system, and analyzes potential coordination issues and effectiveness of the proposed method. It also describes an approach to produce SSFCL time-current characteristic curves (TCC) and their use in protection coordination studies. Lastly, the analysis includes SSFCL to recloser and SSFCL to fuse coordination cases and includes simulation results of several fault scenarios. Lastly, the paper describes.