Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behaviour guidance in dental treatment of patients with autism spectrum disorder.

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder categorized into autism, pervasive developmental disorder - not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and Asperger syndrome. AIMS To identify factors associated with the behaviour of patients with ASD in a dental setting, use of general anaesthesia (GA), and protective stabilization. DESIGN The dental charts of 395 patients with ASD patients and 386 unaffected patients were reviewed. The following data were analysed: ASD diagnosis, age, gender, residence, seizure disorder, additional diagnosis (mental retardation, cerebral palsy, self-injurious behaviour or pica), medications, caries prevalence and severity, dental treatment history, behaviour, and behaviour guidance technique(s) used. RESULTS Within both groups, younger patients were more uncooperative. ASD patients with autism were more uncooperative than patients with PDD-NOS; patients with an additional diagnosis were also more uncooperative. ASD patients with higher caries severity, who were uncooperative or female, were more likely to require GA. Use of protective stabilization was associated with lower caries severity, presence of seizure disorder, uncooperative behaviour, male gender, or residency in a group home/institution. CONCLUSIONS Autism spectrum disorder patients with autism, younger age and an additional diagnosis were more uncooperative. Factors associated with the use of GA and protective stabilization in patients with ASD were also identified.
SELECTIVITY OF 90 Sr URINE BIOASSAY TECHNIQUE OVER 241 Am , 238 / 239 PU , 210 PO , 137 CS and 60 CO

The selectivity of a rapid Sr bioassay technique over Am, Pu, Po, Cs and Co has been investigated. Similar to Sr, these radionuclides are likely to be used in radiological dispersive devices. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the degree to which the Sr bioassay technique is free from interference by these radionuclides if present in a urine matrix. The interfering radionuclides were removed (from Sr) by their retention on an anion exchange column. While, recovery of the target radionuclide (Sr) was found to be 90 %, contributions from Am, Pu and Po were found to be 3 % indicating minimal interference from these radionuclides. The breakthrough for Co, however, was found to be 19 % indicating that it will have some interference contribution to the Sr measurement if present in the urine sample. As Cs was not retained at all by the anion exchange column, the method as such was not selective over Cs. However, a slight modification of the method through the ammonium molybdophosphate treatment quantitatively removed Cs from the urine sample, thereby; making it selective for Sr despite any Cs that is present.
Evidence for a recurrent microdeletion at chromosome 16p11.2 associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and Hirschsprung disease

Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract can be associated with Hirschsprung disease. We report on three children with a similar 16p11.2 microdeletion with a spectrum of clinical anomalies consisting of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in two patients (Patients 1 and 2) and Hirschsprung disease in two patients (Patients 1 and 3), leading us to hypothesize that a gene in this region is associated with these phenotypes. Patient 1 presented with left renal agenesis, grade‐IV vesicoureteral reflux, and Hirschsprung disease, Patient 2 with left renal agenesis, chronic kidney disease, chronic constipation, seizures, and developmental delay, and Patient 3 with Hirschsprung disease and normal kidneys. Genome‐wide microarray analysis demonstrated overlapping microdeletions within 16p11.2. The shortest region of overlap in the three patients contained only eight genes, including the SH2 domain‐containing binding protein 1 (SH2B1), an adaptor protein which has been implicated in enhancement of the tyrosine kinase activity of RET, whose role in developmental disease of the kidney and enteric enervation is well established. Our findings suggest that 16p11.2 deletions are associated with abnormalities of renal and enteric development and we hypothesize that deletion of SH2B1 may account for the observed phenotype. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment outcomes and dental anxiety in 18-year-olds with MIH, comparisons with healthy controls - a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND In a previous study, 9-year-old children with severe Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) had undergone dental treatment of their first molars nearly ten times as often as children in a control group. They also showed more management problems (BMP) and fear and anxiety (DFA). AIM To assess the long-term outcomes of dental treatments, dental anxiety, and patients' satisfaction in adolescents with MIH. DESIGN Sixty-seven patients, identical with those in the baseline study, were studied at age 18-years. The participants answered the Children's Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale the Dental Visit Satisfaction Scale (DVSS). Data were compiled from the dental records concerning dental health, number of restorative treatments and BMP. RESULTS Molar Incisor Hypomineralization group had a significantly higher DMFT, and had undergone treatment of their permanent first molars 4.2 times as often as the controls. BMP was still significantly more common in the MIH group. However, DFS was reduced in MIH group and increased in the control groups. The DVSS scores did not differ between the groups. Conclusions. Patients with severe MIH had a poorer dental health and were still more treatment consuming at age 18-years. However, their dental fear was now at the same level as the controls.
Knowledge of paediatricians regarding child oral health.

BACKGROUND In dentistry, clinical practice is directed towards attitudes that promote oral health and the paediatricians occupy a privileged position in this process. AIM To assess the knowledge and attitudes of paediatricians in relation to the oral health of their patients. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Institute of Integrative Medicine Professor Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil. A total of 182 paediatricians participated by filling out a questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 63.9% believed the first visit to the dentist should occur before the child completes 1 year of life. Moreover, 67.8% considered their knowledge on oral health to be insufficient. Approximately 78% of the paediatricians diagnosed caries through an analysis of cavities. Only 29.9% always recommended fluoride dentifrice. The term 'fluorosis' was unknown by 48.3% of the respondents. Concerning pacifiers, 32.6% did not allow it and 66.9% did not either recommend it or restrict it. A total of 83.4% classified the oral health content in their medical education as either nonexistent or deficient; this figure remained high (72.4%) in relation to residency. CONCLUSIONS It is important to develop oral health information programmes to paediatricians. Information on oral health should be included in medical curricula and residency.
Combined oral midazolam-ketamine better than midazolam alone for sedation of young children: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND. There is a lack of clinical trials on paediatric dental sedation. AIM. We investigated whether young children's behaviour improves during dental treatment with oral ketamine/midazolam compared with midazolam alone or no sedation. DESIGN. Healthy children under 36 months of age, presenting early childhood caries were randomly assigned to receive protective stabilization plus: combined oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) and ketamine (3 mg/kg) (MK), or oral midazolam (1.0 mg/kg) (MS), or no sedative (PS). One observer scored children's behaviour using the Ohio State University Behavior Rating Scale (OSUBRS) at determined points in a dental exam (no sedative) and treatment session. Data were analysed using nonparametric bivariate tests. RESULTS. Forty-one children were included. In the dental exam session, the sum of OSUBRS scores was similar for the three groups (P = 0.81). In the treatment session, the MK produced more cooperative behaviour than MS and PS (P = 0.01), longer sessions (P = 0.04), and a pattern of homogeneous OSUBRS scores from the reception area (before sedative administration) to the end of the session (P = 0.06). No immediate and post-discharge side effects were observed in groups MK and MS. CONCLUSIONS. The combination of oral midazolam and ketamine is efficacious for guiding the behaviour of children under 3 years old.
A systematic review of risk factors during first year of life for early childhood caries.

BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC) describes dental caries affecting children aged 0-71 months. Current research suggests ECC has important aetiological bases during the first year of life. Gaps in knowledge about disease progression prevent the effective and early identification of 'at risk' children. AIM To conduct a systematic review of research studies focusing on (a) acquisition and colonization of oral bacteria and ECC and (b) risk and/or protective factors in infants aged 0-12 months. DESIGN Ovid Medline and Embase databases (1996-2011) were searched for RCT, longitudinal, cross-sectional and qualitative studies. Two investigators undertook a quality assessment for risk of bias. RESULTS Inclusion criteria were met for (a) by four papers and for (b) by 13 papers; five papers were rated medium or high quality. Bacterial acquisition/colonization and modifying factor interrelationships were identified, but their role in the caries process was not clarified. Key risk indicators were infant feeding practices (nine papers), maternal circumstances and oral health (6) and infant-related oral health behaviours (4). CONCLUSION This review confirmed that factors occurring during the first year of life affect ECC experience. Despite heterogeneity, findings indicated maternal factors influence bacterial acquisition, whereas colonization was mediated by oral health behaviours and practices and feeding habits.
Penetrating thoracic injury with associated abdominal visceral involvement in a mare

Summary A mare was presented for evaluation of a penetrating thoracic injury. Surgical exploration of the thoracic wound was performed, revealing diaphragmatic perforation and the presence of a foreign body lodged in the right dorsal colon. The foreign body was removed through the thoracic deficit, the colon repaired and the thoracic wound closed utilising a latissimus dorsi muscle flap. It can be concluded that successful management of thoracic wounds with concurrent abdominal viscera involvement is achievable if minimal contamination is evident. In addition reconstruction of large thoracic defects with primary muscle flaps is a viable option in the horse.
Parent-adolescent communication and diabetes: an integrative review.

AIM This paper presents a synthesis of findings from empirical studies about communication and interaction between parents and their adolescents with diabetes. BACKGROUND Communication between parent and adolescent is essential in transitioning the adolescent to increased responsibility for diabetes self-management. Nurses are in a pivotal position to enhance the type of parent-adolescent communication that facilitates this transition. DATA SOURCES A search of published studies from 1985 to 2006 featuring communication or interaction between parents and adolescents with type 1 diabetes was implemented through a computerized search. REVIEW METHODS Papers were organized by type of evidence and were analysed sequentially. Sources were described based on data elements which were extracted. Findings in the areas of productive and problematic parent-adolescent communications were included. Data elements were compared and critiqued, noting consistencies, and findings were summarized and evaluated. RESULTS Studies across several countries indicate that maternal support, conflict, control, involvement and emotional expression are important communication concepts that are linked to diabetes outcomes in adolescents. The influences of different family structures and cultural and socioeconomic circumstances, as well as developmental status and gender of adolescents on these types of communication, have not been systematically studied. CONCLUSION Nurses caring for adolescents with type 1 diabetes need to consider family relationships and communication patterns in achieving health outcomes. Studies of communication, including perspectives of mothers and fathers, and the influence of family structure, economics and culture are needed to build a framework of parent-adolescent interaction and health outcomes for adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Combining individual interviews and focus groups to enhance data richness.

AIM This paper is a presentation of the critical reflection on the types of findings obtained from the combination of individual interviews and focus groups, and how such triangulation contributes to knowledge production and synthesis. BACKGROUND Increasingly, qualitative method triangulation is advocated as a strategy to achieve more comprehensive understandings of phenomena. Although ontological and epistemological issues pertaining to triangulation are a topic of debate, more practical discussions are needed on its potential contributions, such as enhanced data richness and depth of inquiry. METHOD Data gathered through individual interviews and focus groups from a study on patterns of cancer information-seeking behaviour are used to exemplify the added-value but also the challenges of relying on methods combination. FINDINGS The integration of focus group and individual interview data made three main contributions: a productive iterative process whereby an initial model of the phenomenon guided the exploration of individual accounts and successive individual data further enriched the conceptualisation of the phenomenon; identification of the individual and contextual circumstances surrounding the phenomenon, which added to the interpretation of the structure of the phenomenon; and convergence of the central characteristics of the phenomenon across focus groups and individual interviews, which enhanced trustworthiness of findings. CONCLUSION Although the use of triangulation is promising, more work is needed to identify the added-value or various outcomes pertaining to method combination and data integration.
Post-translational Membrane Insertion of Tail-anchored Transmembrane EF-hand Ca2+ Sensor Calneurons Requires the TRC40/Asna1 Protein Chaperone*

Background: Calneurons are EF-hand Ca2+ sensors that regulate Golgi-to-plasma membrane trafficking. Results: Calneurons are tail-anchored proteins that interact with TRC40/Asna1 with their minimal Golgi-targeting sequence, which assists their membrane insertion. Conclusion: Calneurons are post-translationally inserted into the ER as monomers, where they dimerize and are transported to the Golgi and the plasma membrane. Significance: This is the first complete mapping of the calneuron biogenesis pathway. Calneuron-1 and -2 are neuronal EF-hand-type calcium sensor proteins that are prominently targeted to trans-Golgi network membranes and impose a calcium threshold at the Golgi for phosphatidylinositol 4-OH kinase IIIβ activation and the regulated local synthesis of phospholipids that are crucial for TGN-to-plasma membrane trafficking. /In this study, we show that calneurons are nonclassical type II tail-anchored proteins that are post-translationally inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane via an association of a 23-amino acid-long transmembrane domain (TMD) with the TRC40/Asna1 chaperone complex. Following trafficking to the Golgi, calneurons are probably retained in the TGN because of the length of the TMD and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate lipid binding. Both calneurons rapidly self-associate in vitro and in vivo via their TMD and EF-hand containing the N terminus. Although dimerization and potentially multimerization precludes TRC40/Asna1 binding and thereby membrane insertion, we found no evidence for a cytosolic pool of calneurons and could demonstrate that self-association of calneurons is restricted to membrane-inserted protein. The dimerization properties and the fact that they, unlike every other EF-hand calmodulin-like Ca2+ sensor, are always associated with membranes of the secretory pathway, including vesicles and plasma membrane, suggests a high degree of spatial segregation for physiological target interactions.
Patient safety culture in nursing: a dimensional concept analysis.

AIM This paper is a report of a dimensional concept analysis of patient safety culture in nursing. BACKGROUND Patient safety is an important issue in healthcare organizations. As the release of Institute of Medicine reports in the United States of America, substantial interest has arisen in studying patient safety culture; however, the concept remains poorly defined. DATA SOURCES Multiple databases, including CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Anthropological Index Online, were searched from 1970 to 2006. A keyword search method was employed followed by a combined key word search. REVIEW METHODS A concept analysis based on Caron and Bowers' method was carried out using 45 papers, three books and three theses after examination of the abstracts to identify definitions, dimensions, perspectives and consequences needed for content and dimensional analyses. FINDINGS Nurses' shared values, beliefs and behavioural norms towards patient safety were identified as the overarching dimensions of the patient safety culture. The four sub-dimensions of patient safety culture were synthesized as system, personal, task-associated and interaction. Two main philosophical perspectives, functional and interpretative, were added to the analysis and further clarification was provided. CONCLUSION It is expected that understanding the nature, as well as the key elements of the concept, would assist with analysing the existing safety culture and help to determine the strategies to build or shape the safety culture.
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor-related Protein 6 (LRP6) Regulates Body Fat and Glucose Homeostasis by Modulating Nutrient Sensing Pathways and Mitochondrial Energy Expenditure*

Background: The link between obesity and diabetes is poorly understood. Wnt signaling is implicated in adipogenesis and glucose metabolism. Results: LRP6+/− mice are protected against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by regulation of genes involved in adipogenesis, metabolism, and insulin signaling. Conclusion: This study identifies novel pathways that regulate metabolism. Significance: LRP6 is a potential target for novel therapeutics for diabetes and obesity. Body fat, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are often linked together, but the molecular mechanisms that unify their association are poorly understood. Wnt signaling regulates adipogenesis, and its altered activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. LRP6+/− mice on a high fat diet were protected against diet-induced obesity and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance compared with their wild-type (WT) littermates. Brown adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and reduced adiposity of LRP6+/− mice were accounted for by diminished Wnt-dependent mTORC1 activity and enhanced expression of brown adipose tissue PGC1-α and UCP1. LRP6+/− mice also exhibited reduced endogenous hepatic glucose output, which was due to diminished FoxO1-dependent expression of the key gluconeogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase). In addition, in vivo and in vitro studies showed that loss of LRP6 allele is associated with increased leptin receptor expression, which is a likely cause of hepatic insulin sensitivity in LRP6+/− mice. Our study identifies LRP6 as a nutrient-sensitive regulator of body weight and glucose metabolism and as a potential target for pharmacological interventions in obesity and diabetes.
Telenurses' understanding of work: detective or educator?

AIM This paper is a report of a study to describe the different ways of understanding work among a group of Swedish telenurses. BACKGROUND Telenursing is an expanding service in many western countries and telenursing work is likely to be understood in a variety of ways. The way in which a person understands work influences how work is performed. Telenursing demands high levels of competence. METHOD A qualitative interview study was conducted during 2004-2005. Twelve of the 20 telenurses working at a call centre in Sweden were interviewed, five of them twice because of organizational changes. The 17 interviews were analysed using a phenomenographic approach. FINDINGS Five different categories were identified in the data: (1) Assess, refer and give advice to the caller (2) Support the caller (3) Strengthen the caller (4) Teach the caller and (5) Facilitate the caller's learning. The first category can be seen as a base for telenursing work and was the only category used by some telenurses. The second category has components of traditional caring and the third is a coaching function. The fourth category contains a teaching component, but the fifth is the only category where the caller's learning is in focus. Telenurses who reported the fifth way also included all other ways of understanding work. Hence, this seems to be the most comprehensive way of understanding work. CONCLUSION The categories together constitute a telenursing 'workmap'. This 'workmap' can be used for reflection to expand telenurses' current understanding of work, and hence promote competence development. Telenurses need to be aware of their role in public health education.
Predictors of poststroke quality of life in older Chinese adults.

AIM This paper is a report of a study to identify the changes in poststroke quality of life and other clinical issues among older Chinese adults from 1 month to 6 months after stroke and the predictors of poststroke quality of life at 6 months. BACKGROUND Stroke survivors are known to suffer from prolonged and multiple impairments leading to a compromised quality of life, but few studies report early predictors for quality of life among older Chinese adults after active rehabilitation has been undertaken during the first 6 months after stroke. METHOD A total of 214 patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke were interviewed by a research nurse at 1 month and 188 patients were interviewed again 6 months after hospital admission for stroke. Assessment of quality of life was done using the Modified Rankin Scale for Quality of Life. Changes in and relationships between quality of life and variables in five domains were explored: bio-anatomical, physical, emotional, cognitive, communicative and social support. The data were collected in 2004-2005. RESULTS Quality of life among two-thirds of participants was unchanged or lower when scores at 1 month and 6 months after stroke were compared. Length of hospital stay after admission for stroke and other 1-month factors - level of worry over current health, cognitive and self-care deficits - were identified as having independent effects on quality of life at 6 months. CONCLUSION Clinicians need to observe for early signs of mild cognitive impairments and emotional needs of stroke survivors, as well as to consider longer-term interventions to enhance poststroke quality of life.