Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Characterization and Cyclodextrin Complexation of the Anticancer Drug Lapatinib

Lapatinib (LAP), the tyrosine kinase inhibitor drug with moderate bioavailability, was characterized in terms of physicochemical properties: acid-base characteristics, lipophilicity, and solubility. The highly lipophilic nature of the drug and its extremely low water solubility ( nM) limit the development of a parenteral formulation. In order to enhance solubility and bioavailability, inclusion complex formation with cyclodextrins (CDs) is a promising method of choice. Therefore, LAP-CD interactions were also studied by a multianalytical approach. The stability constants of LAP with native cyclodextrins, determined by UV spectroscopy, identified the seven-membered β-CD as the most suitable host. Continuous variation method (Job’s plot) by 1H NMR showed a 1 : 1 stoichiometry for the complexes. The geometry of the complex was elucidated by 2D ROESY NMR measurements and molecular modeling, indicating that the partial molecular encapsulation includes the fluorophenyl ring of LAP. Phase-solubility studies with four CDs, β-CD, (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), randomly methylated-β- (RAMEB-) cyclodextrin, and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD), show an type diagram and highly increased solubility via CD complexation. The results are especially promising with SBE-β-CD, exerting more than 600-fold gain in solubility. The equilibrium and structural information presented herein can offer the molecular basis for an improved drug formulation with enhanced bioavailability.
PREVALENCE OF AUTISM AUTISTIC FEATURES AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN SUBJECTS ATTENDING SPECIAL SCHOOLS IN OUR COMMUNITY

Introduction : There is no one single unified theory to explain the etiology of autism. Autistic symptoms occur along a wide spectrum. Thus we studied the autistic symptoms according to gender, mental retardation and presence of epilepsy. Methods : 500 children attending different special schools were screened for autism employing DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder. Data was analysed employing suitable statistical tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results : Display of autistic features was significantly different among the study subjects (p value less than 0.00001). But more than 90% of the subjects had distorted speech, repetitive speech and tantrum to minor changes symptoms. Autistic males were two times greater than autistic females (50 vs. 24). Proportion of autistic subjects with loneliness and poor interaction was significantly higher in 26-50 intelligence quotients group compared to 51-80 intelligence quotients (p value equal to 0.002, 0.03 respectively). 25.67% autistic subjects were epileptic. In them, prevalence of not identifying strangers , failing to make eye contact, not understanding humor symptoms were significantly higher compared to others ( p value equal to 0.018, 0.044, 0.015, respectively ). Epilepsy was associated with higher number of autism symptoms ( p value equal to 0. 023). Conclusions : Tantrum to minor changes, distorted and repetitive speech are the most common autistic features. Risk of autism is 2 times higher in males compared to females. Aloofness and poor interaction symptoms are higher in autistic subjects with lower intelligence quotients. Epilepsy is associated with higher number of autism symptoms.
Universal scaling of quench-induced correlations in a one-dimensional channel at finite temperature

We investigate the influence of thermal effects on the relaxation dynamics of a one-dimensional quantum system of interacting fermions subject to a sudden quench of the interaction strength. It has been shown that quantum quench in a one-dimensional interacting system induces entanglement between counter-propagating excitations, whose signature is reflected in finite two-point bosonic cross-correlators. At zero temperature, their relaxation dynamics is governed by a universal power law $\propto t^{-2}$, whose behavior can be detected in transport properties. Here, we consider the system initially prepared in a thermal state and we demonstrate that these quench-induced features are stable and robust against thermal effects. Remarkably, we argue that the long-time dynamics of the current injected from a biased probe still exhibits a universal power law relaxation $\propto t^{-2}$, even at finite temperature. This result is in sharp contrast with the non-quenched case, for which the current features a fast exponential relaxation towards its steady value, and thus represents a fingerprint of quench-induced dynamics.
Early onset of reproductive senescence in domestic sheep Ovis aries

A central theme in life history theory is to determine how reproduction varies with age in iteroparous organisms. Evidence of ageing and senescence, defined as the progressive loss of function accompanied by decreased performance with age, remains poorly documented for large herbivores, in particular as it relates to reproduction. Analyses of body weight of 87 532 domestic sheep lambs demonstrates that onset of reproductive senescence in ewes occurs already at 5 and 6 years of age when measured, respectively, as lamb weight and litter size produced. This provides convincing evidence of early onset of reproductive senescence in this highly domesticated sheep breed. As this is earlier than indicated for other Ovis species as well as for the Soay sheep, an ancient and lightly domesticated sheep, we hypothesize that there may be a cost of selection for large litter size in mammalian herbivores.
Impact of organisational structure and strategies on construction organisations' performance

There is an age long interest that the strategic management literature requires a better understanding of how the structure and strategy of an organisation influence its corporate performance. This standing interest increases the number of studies on structure-strategy-performance trilogy, but yet the outcomes are inconclusive. This paper examines how organisational structure and strategies influence organisation’s corporate performance, and investigate whether organisational structure has a moderating impact on the association between organisational performance and strategy. This is achieved by undertaking a Metaanalysis of literature on strategic management and explores the elements of organisational structure with respect to strategies and corporate performance. Based on the identified dimensions in literature, a questionnaire survey approach was adopted to obtain quantitative data from large construction organisations in South Africa. The data were analysed using correlation and regression analysis. The results revealed that organisational structure has an explanatory effect on the relationship between strategy and organisational corporate performance. The study provides a better understanding of the relationship between organisational structure, strategies and performance. It will also contribute to current discuss on the strategic planning practices in the global construction environment.
Tidhar Experts ’ Perceptions and Mothers ’ Reception of the " Teletubbies " : An Israeli Case Study

It is four thirty in the afternoon. In around 28%1 of Israeli homes toddlers and pre-schoolers wake up from their afternoon naps or return home from their day-care centers, and rush straight to their living rooms to watch their favorite four Teletubbies. An older sibling joins in occasionally while the younger baby in a playpen or infant-seat watches them curiously. Mothers, treasuring the peaceful half-hour relief, rush to the kitchen or the washing-machine to make the best of this time. Others join their children in the viewing experience
Achieving a holistic inventory management process: Analyzing the role of cross-functional integration, process management, planning environment and planning level alignment

Materials management i.e. management or planning of material flows has received an increasing interest for decades. The competitiveness of companies is greatly affected by the companies’ ability to respond to market pressures for increased customization and short lead times. The trade-offs for increased product variety and shortened lead times are increased costs for storage and purchasing of materials. GMC is a manufacturing company, which is working actively to fulfill customer demands on product variety and short lead times. This puts pressure on the company's materials management systems to ensure that material flows and inventories are both flexible and cost efficient. GMC therefore created an inventory management process, which aims to reduce tied-up capital in inventory and improve the service level towards customers. GMC are however experiencing some challenges with this process. The process incorporates both the production function and purchasing function and extends across different planning levels, which creates communication barriers. The company furthermore has both MTS and MTO manufacturing strategies for its products and uses several different planning methods to manage the material flows. This makes it important to ensure that the planning methods are used in a suitable context. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the process and provide suggestions for improvements. The study was based on three research questions relating to the challenges experienced at GMC. The research method has been qualitative with data collection focusing on interviews. The empirical investigation presents a mapping of the process in its current state. The investigation shows that the planning methods kanban, MRP and consignment stock are used in appropriate contexts, but that there is no process that continuously ensures fit between planning methods and individual parts. It was also discovered that the challenges experienced with achieving functional integration in the process to a large degree were caused by ambiguities and uncertainties of the process boundaries and unclear division of responsibilities within the process. The investigation furthermore highlighted the fact that decisions regarding safety stock levels were almost entirely managed on operative level and that there was little transparency of these decisions to higher planning levels. The recommendations to GMC are: create a process for continuous matching between individual parts and planning methods; improve the functional integration through improved process management and monitoring; and lastly to improve the alignment between operative and strategic planning levels regarding safety stock decisions by implementing documentation routines and an inventory classification system to increase the transparency of decisions behind the safety stock levels.
Analysis of Flow Evolution and Thermal Instabilities in the Near-Nozzle Region of a Free Plane Laminar Jet

This work focuses on the evolution of a free plane laminar jet in the near-nozzle region. The jet is buoyant because it is driven by a continuous addition of both buoyancy and momentum at the source. Buoyancy is given by a temperature difference between the jet and the environment. To study the jet evolution, numerical simulations were performed for two Richardson numbers: the one corresponding to a temperature difference slightly near the validity of the Boussinesq approximation and the other one corresponding to a higher temperature difference. For this purpose, a time dependent numerical model is used to solve the fully dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Density variations are given by the ideal gas law and flow properties as dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity are considered nonconstant. Particular attention was paid to the implementation of the boundary conditions to ensure jet stability and flow rates control. The numerical simulations were also reproduced by using the Boussinesq approximation to find out more about its pertinence for this kind of flows. Finally, a stability diagram is also obtained to identify the onset of the unsteady state in the near-nozzle region by varying control parameters of momentum and buoyancy. It is found that, at the onset of the unsteady state, momentum effects decrease almost linearly when buoyancy effects increase.
OPTIMAL BAND SELECTION OF HYPERSPECTRAL DATA FOR TRANSGENIC CORN IDENTIFICATION

Resistance development by insect pests to the insecticidal proteins expressed in transgenic crops would increase reliance on broad spectrum chemical insecticides subsequently reducing environmental quality and increasing worker exposure to toxic chemicals. An important component of transgenic crop management is monitoring for insect pest resistance. This becomes critical when developing a resistance management plan for more than 25 million acres of bioengineered corn and more than 5.6 million acres of cotton currently produced in the United States (Fernandez-Cornejo, J. et al., 2006). In order to monitor compliance, the EPA has been exploring the use of airborne hyperspectral imagery. This paper reports the use of an unsupervised band selection technique for hyperspectral image analysis. This fast-search statistical approach is based on high-order moments. The features extracted possibly contain higher amount of target information. Hyperspectral data consists of bands which are very similar and these bands have close moment values. Jeffries Matusita distance, a feature similarity measure, is integrated during the band selection process so that only the most distinct bands are selected. The total number of features selected for classification is estimated using thresholding. A Mahalanobis classifier is used to evaluate the effectiveness of band selection. The investigation is focused on the comparison between the accuracies for classifications obtained when (i) all the bands were included (ii) limited, selected bands were included and (iii) randomly chosen bands were included for classification.
Evaluation of SiO2 Nanoparticles Effects on Seed Germination in Astragalus squarrosus

Improving seed germination rate accelerates early seedling establishment, in turn, enhances plant growth and forage production in rangelands and pastures. Rapid and simultaneous germination of seeds leads to successful plant establishment. The ingoing research aims to deals with effect of SiO2 nanoparticles at concentrations of 0, 5, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/l on seed germination rate in Astragalus squarrosus. The experiment was conducted for 15 days under constant temperature of 20 °C, 16 h of light and 8 hours dark. The treatments were arranged as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replicates in Department of Natural Resources at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The results of experiment showed that the germination percentage of scarified seeds treated with SiO2 nanoparticles with 40ppm concentration was improved compared to control seeds and non-scarified ones treated with nanoparticles. At the same time, some other positive effects of other nanoparticle concentrations on germination rate and percent were obvious so that the effect of different concentrations of nanoparticles on seed germination traits Astragalus squarrosus was found to be significant. The highest and lowest germination percentage was recorded under concentration of 40 ppm and 80 ppm those seeds treated with nanoparticles, respectively. As SiO2 concentration increased, no enhancing positive effect on seed germination attributes of Astragalus squarrosus was found. In this experiment, it was found that seeds scarified and treated with 40 or 60 mg/l of SiO2 nanoparticles showed improved germination in Astragalus squarrosus , so this treatment can be promising for establishment and colonization of this species in natural landscapes.
Global climate forcing driven by altered BVOC fluxes from 1990 to 2010 land cover change in maritime Southeast Asia

Abstract. Over the period of 1990–2010, maritime Southeast Asia experienced large-scale land cover changes, including expansion of high-isoprene-emitting oil palm plantations and contraction of low-isoprene-emitting natural forests. The ModelE2-Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere global chemistry–climate model is used to quantify the atmospheric composition changes, and for the first time, the associated radiative forcing induced by the land-cover-change-driven biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission changes (+6.5 TgC y−1 isoprene, −0.5 TgC y−1 monoterpenes). Regionally, surface-level ozone concentrations largely decreased (−3.8 to +0.8 ppbv). The tropical land cover changes occurred in a region of strong convective transport, providing a mechanism for the BVOC perturbations to affect the composition of the upper troposphere. Enhanced concentrations of isoprene and its degradation products are simulated in the upper troposphere, and, on a global-mean basis, land cover change had a stronger impact on ozone in the upper troposphere (+0.5 ppbv) than in the lower troposphere (<0.1 ppbv increase). The positive climate forcing from ozone changes (+9.2 mW m−2) was partially offset by a negative forcing (−0.8 mW m−2) associated with an enhancement in secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The sign of the net forcing is sensitive to uncertainty in the SOA yield from BVOCs. The global-mean ozone forcing per unit of regional oil palm expansion is +1 mW m−2 Mha−1. In light of expected continued expansion of oil palm plantations, regional land cover changes may play an increasingly important role in driving future global ozone radiative forcing.
Histomorphological Changes Associated with Different Doses of Chinese Propolis in the Bursa of Fabricius of Chickens

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Chinese propolis on the histological structure of bursa of Fabricius in Ross 308 broiler chickens. Eighty chicks were divided into 5 groups, 16 chicks each. Group 1 was fed only on basic diet and kept as control while groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed on basic diet and received ether extract of propolis (EEP) in a dose of 100, 250, 500 or 750 mg/kg diet respectively. The treatment started from the first day after hatching and extended to day 42 where all birds were sacrificed and bursa of Fabricius were removed, processed and examined histologically. Chickens received EEP in a dose of 100 and 250 mg/kg diet showed an increase in size of the bursal folds and bursal lymphoid follicles with minimal regressive changes into the bursa such as a slight increase in the amount of inter-follicular connective tissue. Higher doses of EEP (500 and 750 mg/kg diet) produced substantial changes into the bursa such as degeneration in lymphatic follicles represented by cyst formation, liquifactive necrosis and significant increase in inter-follicular connective tissue. Our findings suggest that high doses of EEP led to faster bursal involution with subsequent negative impact on the humoral immune status of chicken.
Evaluation of Dietary Habits Among University Students in Konya, Turkey

University students are the first post-childhood group who reach adulthood. A new period begins in the nutrition of students as they, following the start of education, have become more open to external factors and begin to make their own choices more explicitly. New forms that might emerge in dietary habits will be continued after university education. This study is considered helpful in the issues of encouraging adequate and balanced diet in the youth of higher education and enhancing, developing and extending dietary conditions at universities and dormitories. This study was conducted to determine dietary habits of university students aged 17-35. Data in the study was collected through questionnaire forms from a total of 310 students selected using simple random sampling. The amount of energy taken in through diet is 2075.9±965.85 kcal/day in male students and 1681.6±865.36 kcal/day in female students. It was found that majority of the students skipped a meal and 16.8% of the students ate three main meals. Based on gender, the difference was found statistically significant between the intakes of vitamin B12, biotin, carbohydrate (g), vitamin B2 and zinc, pantothenic acid, folate (p<0.01), B1, iron and phosphor (p<0.05) as well as protein (g). It was discovered that the intake of vitamin K and phosphor by sample group exceeded 2/3 RDA. In general, it was seen that there were inequalities between genders in the use of varied food items and a deficiency was detected particularly in the intake of niacin, folate, calcium, iron (in females) and magnesium. To conclude, it was found that students do not have enough knowledge of adequate and balanced diet.
Plutonium‐238 observations as a test of modeled transport and surface deposition of meteoric smoke particles

There are large uncertainties in the transport and surface deposition of upper atmospheric particles used to construct climate proxies. Here we use a 3‐D chemistry‐climate model (CCM) to simulate the transport and deposition of plutonium‐238 oxide nanoparticles formed after the ablation of a power unit in the upper stratosphere (~11°S) in 1964. The model reproduces both the observed hemispheric asymmetry and time scale of Pu‐238 deposition. We then use the CCM to investigate the transport of meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) from the upper mesosphere. The strongest MSP deposition is predicted to occur at middle latitudes, providing a significant source of Fe fertilization to the Southern Ocean. The model also predicts substantially more deposition in Greenland than in Antarctica (by a factor of ~15, in agreement with ice core measurements), showing that climate proxy measurements from a limited number of sites must be interpreted with care.
Models as arrows: the role of dialgebras

A large number of computational processes can suitably be described as a combination of construction, i.e. algebraic, and observation, i.e. coalgebraic, structures. This paper suggests dialgebras as a generic model in which such structures can be combined and proposes a small calculus of dialgebras including a wrapping combinator and sequential composition. To take good care of invariants in software design, the paper also discusses how dialgebras can be typed by predicates and proves that invariants are preserved through composition. This lays the foundations for a full calculus of invariant proof-obligation discharge for dialgebraic models.
Challenging the “No Rub, No Cone” Keratoconus Conjecture

Eye rubbing has long been acknowledged as a risk factor for keratoconus (KC), but its role in the pathogenesis of KC may not have been accorded sufficient prominence. This article puts forth the conjecture that KC is not a dystrophy of unknown genetics and biomolecular substratum, but rather a syndrome caused by eye rubbing, i.e., what has been called “keratoconus” is the direct consequence of mechanical trauma to the cornea by chronic and incessant eye rubbing, resulting in the progressive deformation and thinning of the corneal wall, the hallmarks of the disease. The conjecture is challenged in this article to investigate its compatibility with what is currently known about KC. The conjecture does not contradict previous clinical or experimental findings about KC, all of which can be interpreted in light of this proposed mechanism. Rather, it is a synthetic approach that incorporates the results of previous genetic and biochemical perspectives for understanding the pathophysiology of KC. In fact, this mechanical disease proposition would appear more compatible with explaining the variability of KC expression between patients, between eyes, and the predominance of sporadic cases. As such, eye rubbing may not be solely a risk factor as often coined in medical literature, but the direct cause of the syndrome labeled “keratoconus. ” In conclusion, this mechanical theory provides a better explanatory framework for what is currently known about KC and confirms the validity of the “no rub, no cone” conjecture.