Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tandem DMA Generation of Strictly Monomobile 1–3.5 nm Particle Standards

Generation of monomobile molecular standards by electrospray (ES) followed by classification in a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) fails at diameters above ∼2 nm because many clusters in different charge states z crowd in a narrow mobility range. Use of a second DMA (DMA2) in series (tandem) with DMA1 is very helpful because, unexpectedly, many multiply charged ions selected in DMA1 undergo spontaneous transitions, appearing as pure species at different mobilities in DMA2. Remarkably, for salt clusters of composition (CA) n (C+ ) z carrying z elementary charges and n neutral ion pairs, (i) ion evaporation (CA) n (C+ ) z →(CA) n –1(C+ ) z– 1+(CA)C+ and (ii) neutral evaporation transitions (CA) n (C+ ) z →(CA) n –1(C+ ) z+CA affect a substantial fraction of the clusters. Neutral evaporation (fueled by the Kelvin effect) is effective in isolating singly charged clusters, yielding mobility standards easily exceeding 2 nm. Ion evaporation (fueled by large electric fields) produces even larger well-resolved standards. Singly charged clusters of up to 2.5 nm rising in isolation result from metastable doubly charged parent ions (z = 2→1 transition). Isolated doubly charged ions of up to 3.5 nm arise from the z = 3→2 transition, but are harder to resolve from the products of higher initial charge states. We report tandem DMA measurements for electrosprayed nanodrops of two ionic liquids: EMI-Im and EMI-Methide, both based on the small cation EMI+ (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium+) and two relatively large anions: Im− = (CF3SO2)2N−; Methide− = (CF3SO2)3C−. Some exploration on the effect of actively reducing the charge on the clusters as they pass between both analyzers is also included. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research
Assessment of the Functional Movement Screen Test With the Use of Motion Capture System by the Example of Trunk Stability Push-Up Exercise Among Adolescent Female Football Players

The paper presents the application of the BTS motion capture system to verify the FMS test assessment. The research group consisted of adolescent female football players who underwent standard FMS assessment by a physiotherapist. In order to objectify the physical performance assessment, a mechanical model was proposed, on the basis of which the parameters supporting the evaluation of the test were defined. The example of the analysis of one of the exercises (push-ups) presented in the paper showed that even the players who obtained the highest marks in the test do not always perform the exercises flawlessly, which is a consequence of subjective assessment made by specialists. The use of a motion capture system together with an appropriate biomechanical model allows for a much more objective assessment of the physical performance and detecting any dysfunction of the movement apparatus of the examined persons.
Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport in mercury cadmium telluride

We derive expressions for electron scattering rates in mercury cadmium telluride accounting for correct wave functions in narrow‐band‐gap materials. These scattering rates differ slightly from the rates obtained from standard expressions for wide‐band‐gap materials. The difference is related to spin‐flip processes and has a relatively small effect on the transport properties. However, it is very important for spin‐orientation phenomena. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to investigate the mobility and steady state velocity‐field characteristics of electron transport in mercury cadmium telluride with x=0.205 at 77 K. The simulations include scattering by polar optical phonons, ionized impurities, and alloy scattering. The Pauli exclusion principle as well as the dependence of the screening length on the distribution function have been accounted for. The simulations show that the screening length increases with increasing electric field with this dependence being the strongest for low carrier conc.
Comprehensive Assessment of Avalanche Operating Boundary of SiC Planar/Trench MOSFET in Cryogenic Applications

The avalanche ruggedness of power devices becomes a crucial issue to ensure the safe operation of the power conversion systems, particularly under the extreme temperature conditions. In this article, the avalanche capability of SiC planar/trench MOSFETs is systematically evaluated and analyzed over the temperature range of 90 to 340 K. Importantly, the essential mechanisms and temperature dependence of avalanche failure under cryogenic conditions are further explored by combining many analysis methods such as TCAD simulations, the unclamped inductive switching characterizations, and the transient junction temperature prediction. The highest avalanche energy density of 171.24 mJ/mm2 at 90K indicates the great application potential of SiC planner mosfet in cryogenic electronics. Moreover, the safe avalanche operation boundary (AOB) model is established over the cryogenic temperature range. The relevant analysis method and AOB model can be used to accurately evaluate and quantitatively predict the avalanche capability of SiC planar/trench mosfets for the cryogenic converter design.
Сryptic species of Anopheles messeae sensu lato (Diptera: Culicidae), their identification, features and nomenclature

The paper describes the change in perspective in the composition of the A. messeae taxonomic unit. Initially, based on the disequilibrium of natural populations, the species was differentiated into A and B forms using chromosomal inversions as markers. The positive assortative mating, as well as the ecological features and geographical distribution of these forms, made it possible to give them the status of species in statu nascendi. Later, we additionally investigated the EcoRI restriction fragments of the genomic DNA and the ITS2 nucleotide sequences in the A and B A. messeae species. Unambiguous differences between the species in the former marker and semi-quantitative differences in the latter one, alongside with the absence of hybrids in the populations studied, led us to conclude that A. messeae s.l. is comprised of two homosequential cryptic species with parallel chromosomal polymorphisms. Unequivocal parallels between A. lewisi Ludlow, 1920 and A. messeae B in regards to their features, as well as the identity of A. daciae Linton et al., 2004 to A. messeae A in its ITS2 sequence, and to A. messeae Fall. in diagnostic chromosomal inversions, allowed us to consider A. lewisi Ludlow, 1920 and A. messeae B as two names of the same biological species, and A. messeae Fall. , 1926, A. messeae A, and A. daciae Linton et al., 2004 as three names of the other one. Both are members of the palaearctic group of the Maculipennis complex under the names Anopheles (Ano.) lewisi Ludlow, 1920 and Anopheles (Ano.) messeae Falleroni, 1926, respectively. The paper contains 5 Figures, 4 Tables and 42 References.
Socioeconomic costs of influenza complications in hospitalized children

Introduction: Influenza may be correlated with a high number of complications and generate high costs of treatment. The study aimed to estimate the socioeconomic significance of hospitalized influenza cases. Material and methods: In the 2015–2016 flu season 157 children (median age 17 months) were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics. The diagnosis was confirmed with the rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or both. The study assessed the direct and indirect costs of hospitalization, including the cost of treatment, work absence and the related income lost. Results: The frequency of complications among the children hospitalized was 57.3% (90/157), mainly due to pneumonia (31%) and bronchitis (23%). Patients with complications required longer hospital treatment (8 vs. 6 days, p < 0.01) and generated a higher total cost (€ 1042 vs. € 779, p < 0.01), including the patient’s and systemic costs (€123 vs. € 94, p < 0.01 and € 916 vs. € 690, p < 0.01, respectively). Patients with complications had a 3.5-fold higher risk of generating higher (i.e., above median) costs. The difference in the costs between children aged under 2 and those over 2 years old was greater than the difference between children aged under 5 and those over 5 years old (€ 358 vs. € 253). Conclusions: Influenza complications generate higher systemic and patient’s costs, both direct and indirect. The group of children for whom the difference is especially marked is under 2 years of age.
FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILIZER RESPONSE OF WHEAT IN SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN

Fertilizer tests using hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were conducted in the field from 1967 to 1979 on stubble and fallow land on the major soil types throughout southwestern Saskatchewan. The yield, percent nitrogen and phosphorus in the grain, kernel and volume weights of the grain were measured, and the responses of each of these characteristics to N and P fertilizer were determined. These responses were related to soil measurements of available H2O, NO3-N, NH4-N and sodium-bicarbonate-extractable P, which were taken at seeding time, at depths to 120 cm, and to the monthly rainfall during the growing season. On fallow, nitrogen rates higher than 15 kg N/ha gave little significant increase. The yield increase per kilogram of P applied decreased as the rate of application increased. On stubble, the yield increase per kilogram of N applied decreased for each additional increment of N added, down to 3.1 kg/ha yield increase per kilogram of nitrogen per hectare when the rate of application was.
Querying the IoT Using Multiresolution Contexts

People’s daily life is increasingly intertwined with smart devices, which are more and more used in dynamic contexts. Therefore, searching and exploiting the wealth of information produced by the Internet of Things (IoT) require novel models, including a representation of the actual context of use. The definition of context is inherently difficult, due to the variety of application scenarios and user needs. In this article, we propose a general model for devices’ contexts representing context components at different resolutions (or levels of granularity). This enables the definition of a multiresolution context-based algorithm for querying the IoT, according to given preferences and contexts that can be tightened or relaxed depending on the given application goal. Experimental results show how the proposed approach outperforms traditional solutions by increasing the retrieval of relevant results while keeping precision under control.
Interaction site models for molecular fluids

A detailed study is made of the atom-atom (i.e. site-site) correlation functions—especially the direct correlation function—for the interaction site model (ISM) of Andersen and Chandler. The work is based on the observation of Hoye and Stell that the site-site Ornstein-Zernike-like equation of Chandler and Andersen can be regarded as a rewritten version of the usual Ornstein-Zernike equation for particle-particle correlations, where the particles are identified with the atoms that constitute the ISM molecules. Our new results include (i) new compressibility theorems in terms of the site-site direct correlation functions, and (ii) for ISM diatomics (both polar and non-polar) full asymptotic (i.e. large-r) characterization of the site-site direct correlation function based on the assumption that the corresponding particle-particle direct correlation function behaves asymptotically like the particle-particle potential times -1/k B T (k B = Boltzmann's constant and T = absolute temperature). Further asymptoti.
Concentração de polifenóis no abacaxi pérola, banana prata, mamão Papaya e melancia orgânicos e convencionais / Concentration of polyphenols in pearl pineapple, silver banana, Papaya and organic and conventional watermelon

INTRODUCTION: The protective effect obtained by the consumption of fruits has been attributed to the presence of antioxidant compounds, such as carotenoids, ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. Antioxidants are important compounds present in food, but their bioavailability can be altered by some factors. Studies show that the use of pesticides can cause changes in the nutritional composition of fruits. OBJECTIVE: To compare the content of polyphenols of pearl pineapple, silver banana, papaya and organic and conventional watermelon. METHODS: This study used 100 g of each portion of the fruit to obtain a homogeneous extract for analysis. Soluble polyphenols (SP) and hydrolysates (HP) were extracted according to the methodology described by Vinson et al. RESULTS: After the analyses, banana and pineapple from conventional cultivation showed significantly higher values of soluble polyphenols than the same fruits from organic cultivation. However, all fruits analyzed showed significantly higher values of water soluble polyphenols in the organic variety compared to the conventional variety DISCUSSION: It is known that there are many variables that interfere with the content of nutrients and bioactive compounds, the soil, the climate, and even the way food is grown. The findings in the literature are not consistent as to which cultivation system would be most beneficial. The results found in this study were corroborated by several other authors with respect to polyphenol Brazilian Journal of health Review Braz. J. Hea. Rev., Curitiba, v. 3, n. 5, p. 15092-15108 set. /out. 2020. ISSN 2595-6825 15095 content, presence in larger quantities in the peel and some significant differences in the fruits studied among themselves. It is recommended that independent of the crop, the population has the regular consumption of fruits for all the benefits already described. CONCLUSION: There is no consensus so far in the literature that the organic way of cultivation produces more nutritious foods or with more bioactive compounds. However, in this study significant differences were found between different organic and conventional foods, which suggests that new studies should be conducted.
Residual stresses in tool steel due to hard‐turning

Residual stresses induced by hard-turning are the result of a combination of mechanical and thermal effects, leading to a compressive or tensile stress state at the surface, depending on the machining parameters and the tool wear state. In this work, the residual stress depth profiles generated on steel grade F-521 (AISI D2) by hard-turning with tools of different wear states were measured by X-ray diffraction. An integral method was applied to determine the full stress tensor and the stress gradient tensors in the tangential, radial and depth directions. Both macroscopic and microscopic residual stresses were investigated. Compressive residual stresses were measured below the surface in all machined specimens. The magnitude of the compressive stress was much lower and the depth was much shallower when using new cutting tools than when using worn tools. However, the sample that has been hard-turned with a worn tool suffered strong microstructural changes in a layer more than 150 μm thick, especially at the surface, where the presence of a hard and very brittle layer of untempered martensite was evidenced.
Long‐time self‐diffusion coefficient and zero‐frequency viscosity of dilute suspensions of spherical Brownian particles

We study the long‐time self‐diffusion coefficient and the zero‐frequency effective viscosity for a suspension of spherical Brownian particles. The correction to first order in the volume fraction to the self‐diffusion coefficient and the correction to second order in the volume fraction to the effective viscosity are given by integral expressions derived by Batchelor. Using exact series expansions of the hydrodynamic interaction functions in powers of the inverse distance between centers of a pair of particles we obtain accurate values for the correction terms. We consider hard spheres with mixed slip‐stick boundary conditions as well as spherical liquid droplets with a viscosity different from the bulk.
Effects of Penning ionization on the discharge patterns of atmospheric pressure plasma jets

Atmospheric pressure plasma jets, generated in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge configuration, have been investigated with different flowing gases. Discharge patterns in different tube regions were compared in the flowing gases of helium, neon and krypton. To explain the difference of these discharge patterns, a theoretical analysis is presented to reveal the possible basic processes. A comparison of experimental and theoretical results identifies that Penning ionization is mainly responsible for the discharge patterns of helium and neon plasma jets.
s‒f exchange interactions and magnetic semiconductors

Abstract The title of these lectures reflects the intent more strongly than the content of them. For while we are particularly interested in how the s-f interaction appears differently in magnetic semiconductors than in metals, in which it has been studied extensively, it seemed necessary after the first lecture on the metals to develop the theory of magnetic semiconductors and their optical properties in greater detail before going on to treat the transport properties of these materials in which the s-f exchange interaction is very important. Thus, the greater portion of the lectures is on the whole theory of magnetic semiconductors and the s-f exchange is treated primarily at the beginning and end of the series.
Public health risk of Giardia and Cryptosporidium posed by drinking water, Saudi Arabia

Our review gives information on the health effects and treatment technology that would be useful in dealing with the contamination of drinking water and the health advisory about Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. , that cause human and animal disease worldwide, and to attract the attention of officials responsible for protecting public health when contamination situations occur, and as guidance to assist people to maintain personal hygiene as well as awareness of contamination with parasites, especially drinking water to protect themselves from parasitic diseases. Cryptosporidium is the first parasite to cause concern to health officials in the world and Giardia which has heightened world concerns because of its severity. Thus, our study focused on the protozoan Giardia and Cryptosporidium are responsible for most water-borne diseases all over the world, as a result of the extent and number of outbreaks of waterborne diseases suggests a significant risk of their potential transmission via drinking water. Therefore, the light was shed on the importance of drinking water quality and its free of pathogenic parasites were preserved to preserve public health, especially, Cryptosporidium spp. , and Giardia spp. , are important intestinal protozoa of humans, livestock, and wild animals worldwide, resulting in diarrhea which can be fatal and threatening human health worldwide. Many outbreaks among humans have been caused by both the massive Giardia and Cryptosporidium-associated waterborne outbreak. Such outbreaks pose significant challenges to public health. In the United States, it is estimated that 748,000 cryptosporidiosis cases occur every year. According to the World Health Organization, annually, there are 500,000 emerging giardiasis cases globally.
Reduction mechanisms and behaviour of zinc ferrite—Part 2: ZnFe2O4 solid solutions

Abstract The behaviour of dense zinc ferrite samples containing 1–6 wt% CaO, MgO, MnO or Al2O3 in solid solution has been investigated during reduction with CO–N2 and CO–CO2 gas mixtures at temperatures between 800 and 1100°C. The iron product microstructures, i.e. porous or dense iron, that were formed on the completion of reduction could be correlated with the shape of the reduction curves. The presence of impurity oxides in ZnFe2O4 solid solution was found to affect the conditions for formation of the porous iron morphology. The additions of CaO and MgO to ZnFe2O4 increased the region for porous iron growth, whereas Al2O3 and MnO restricted the range of reduction conditions over which porous iron was formed. The pore structure of the reduced samples was found to be dependent on reduction temperature, partial pressure of CO and amount of impurity oxide added into the solid solution as well as the species. The changes in growth mechanisms and reduction kinetics that occur with changing reduction conditions are discussed.
Comparative Functional HRM Practices in Nepalese Banking and Insurance Companies

The main objective of this research is to examine the core aspects of the practices of functional human resource management (HRM) in Nepalese commercial banks and insurance companies. This research is focused on primary sources of data. Data was gathered from 10 commercial banks and 10 insurance companies of Nepal by creating a set of questionnaires and distributing these questionnaires to the officer-level employees of each of the commercial banks and insurance companies. The findings point out that there are significant differences between commercial banks and insurance companies in functional HRM practices in terms of employee selection and placement and in the management of pay & bonus schemes. Commercial banks are often found to typically have a higher level of HRM practices, while insurance companies have a lower level of HRM practices. There is a possibility of the mobility of human resources from insurance companies to commercial banks. Therefore, both commercial banks and insurance companies in Nepal must ensure that investment in their human resources and HRM practices definitely attract and retain competent people from the job market. Keywords: Human resource management, Employees, Practices, Commercial banks, Insurance companies DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-30-01 Publication date: October 31 st 2020
Implicações da microbiota intestinal humana no processo de obesidade e emagrecimento: revisão sistemática/Implications of the human gut microbiota in obesity and weight loss: systematic review

Introduction: In the last decade several studies have been produced that identified the human intestinal microbial population as one of the arms of the Microbioma project and later more studies that associated specific populations of microorganisms with certain metabolic functions and processes in the organism, among the various aspects of study here is the influence of microbiota in the process of obesity and weight loss. Objective: To systematically review the literature on the implications of human intestinal microbiota on the genesis of obesity and the slimming process. Materials and methods: Systematic review conducted between August and September 2020, according to the PRISMA criteria. The PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) databases were used for the research. It was adopted exclusively the English language and only productions of the last 10 years, with the following terms and operators: (Human Gut microbiota and obesity OR dysbiosis and obesity OR human microbiota and weight loss). Results: From the 16,917,000 articles found, a total of 53 best quality articles were selected that answered the research questions. Conclusion: Modifications of human intestinal microbiota are able to contribute to the genesis of obesity, where specific microorganisms are associated with increased energy absorption, fermentation processes, changes in glucose and cholesterol metabolism, among other pathways. As well as the works that used the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, either through dietary modifications or use of probiotics alone and together demonstrate effectiveness in the process of weight loss and greater sustained weight loss in the long term.