Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Early Radiolucent Glenoid Lines in Patients Having Total Shoulder Replacements

Glenoid loosening is the most common long-term complication occurring after total shoulder replacement. Imprecise cement technique and glenoid preparation may result in early radiolucent glenoid line formation. Early radiolucent lines may indicate inadequate initial fixation, which may contribute to early loosening. Improved cement techniques, refined instrumentation, and glenoid component design all may reduce early radiolucent lines. In our study, postoperative anteroposterior and axillary radiographs were obtained after 68 total shoulder replacements done by one surgeon using either an old free-hand, manual packing technique before November 1998 (n = 28) or a new instrument preparation and pressurization technique since November 1998 (n = 40). Three orthopaedic surgeons blindly reviewed the radiographs for the presence and thickness (mm) of radiolucent lines. The newer instrumented pressurization group had a lower incidence of radiolucent lines than the old manually packed group. In the new subgroup, pegged components had a lower incidence of radiolucent lines than keeled components. The incidence of radiolucent lines seems to be reduced using specially designed instruments, new glenoid designs, and modern cement techniques, which may lead to reduced long-term glenoid loosening. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level III-2 (retrospective cohort study). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Contrasting treatment‐specific survival using double‐robust estimators

In settings where a randomized trial is infeasible, observational data are frequently used to compare treatment‐specific survival. The average causal effect (ACE) can be used to make inference regarding treatment policies on patient populations, and a valid ACE estimator must account for imbalances with respect to treatment‐specific covariate distributions. One method through which the ACE on survival can be estimated involves appropriately averaging over Cox‐regression‐based fitted survival functions. A second available method balances the treatment‐specific covariate distributions through inverse probability of treatment weighting and then contrasts weighted nonparametric survival function estimators. Because both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, we propose methods that essentially combine both estimators. The proposed methods are double robust, in the sense that they are consistent if at least one of the two working regression models (i.e., logistic model for treatment and Cox model for death hazard) is correct. The proposed methods involve estimating the ACE with respect to restricted mean survival time, defined as the area under the survival curve up to some prespecified time point. We derive and evaluate asymptotic results through simulation. We apply the proposed methods to estimate the ACE of donation‐after‐cardiac‐death kidney transplantation with the use of data obtained from multiple centers in the Netherlands. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imagery encoding and false recognition errors: Exploring boundary conditions of imagery's enhancing effects

After generating images based on descriptions of object interactions, false recognition errors can be substantially reduced in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task. Boundary conditions for this effect were examined in three experiments by testing imagery encoding tasks against encoding tasks used previously to alter false recognition levels. False recognition errors were lowest following imagery encoding whether comparisons involved an object interaction encoding task used previously (Experiments 1 and 2) or a new version of the task (Experiment 2). In addition reductions in false recognition errors were observed in a new imagery-encoding task (Experiment 3). Generating descriptions had differential effects on “remember” responses to falsely recognised items (Experiment 2). In combination with content analyses on participants' descriptions, these findings speak to alternative explanations for the effects of imagery encoding on false recognition errors. The findings also have implications for the use of DRM results in developing recommendations regarding the use of guided imagery in applied contexts.
Complementary Active Sites Cause Size-Selective Reactivity of Aluminum Cluster Anions with Water

The reactions of metal clusters with small molecules often depend on cluster size. The selectivity of oxygen reactions with aluminum cluster anions can be well described within an electronic shell model; however, not all reactions are subject to the same fundamental constraints. We observed the size selectivity of aluminum cluster anion reactions with water, which can be attributed to the dissociative chemisorption of water at specific surface sites. The reactivity depends on geometric rather than electronic shell structure. Identical arrangements of multiple active sites in Al16–, Al17–, and Al18– result in the production of H2 from water.
A Real-Time Model-Based Human Motion Tracking and Analysis for Human-Computer Interface Systems

This paper introduces a real-time model-based human motion tracking and analysis method for human computer interface (HCI). This method tracks and analyzes the human motion from two orthogonal views without using any markers. The motion parameters are estimated by pattern matching between the extracted human silhouette and the human model. First, the human silhouette is extracted and then the body definition parameters (BDPs) can be obtained. Second, the body animation parameters (BAPs) are estimated by a hierarchical tritree overlapping searching algorithm. To verify the performance of our method, we demonstrate different human posture sequences and use hidden Markov model (HMM) for posture recognition testing.
Adapting to Lexical Stress in a Foreign Accent

An exposure-test paradigm was used to examine whether Dutch listeners can adapt their perception to non-canonical marking of lexical stress in Hungarian-accented Dutch. During exposure, one group of listeners heard only words with correct initial stress, while another group also heard examples of unstressed initial syllables that were marked by high pitch, a possible stress cue in Dutch. Subsequently, listeners’ eye movements to target-competitor pairs with segmental overlap but different stress patterns were tracked while hearing Hungarian-accented Dutch. Listeners who had heard non-canonically produced words previously distinguished target-competitor pairs faster than listeners who had only been exposed to canonical forms before. This suggests that listeners can adapt quickly to speaker-specific realizations of noncanonical lexical stress.
Climate change and the collapse of the Akkadian empire: Evidence from the deep sea

The Akkadian empire ruled Mesopotamia from the headwaters of the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers to the Persian Gulf during the late third millennium B.C. Archeological evidence has shown that this highly developed civilization collapsed abruptly near 4170 ± 150 calendar yr B.P., perhaps related to a shift to more arid conditions. Detailed paleoclimate records to test this assertion from Mesopotamia are rare, but changes in regional aridity are preserved in adjacent ocean basins. We document Holocene changes in regional aridity using mineralogic and geochemical analyses of a marine sediment core from the Gulf of Oman, which is directly downwind of Mesopotamian dust source areas and archeological sites. Our results document a very abrupt increase in eolian dust and Mesopotamian aridity, accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon dated to 4025 ± 125 calendar yr B.P., which persisted for ~300 yr. Radiogenic (Nd and Sr) isotope analyses confirm that the observed increase in mineral dust was derived from Mesopotamian source areas. Geochemical correlation of volcanic ash shards between the archeological site and marine sediment record establishes a direct temporal link between Mesopotamian aridification and social collapse, implicating a sudden shift to more arid conditions as a key factor contributing to the collapse of the Akkadian empire.
Hypoxia alters phosphorylation status of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐binding protein‐1 and attenuates biological activities of IGF‐I in HepG2 cell cultures

Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I is known to stimulate fetal growth. One of the IGF‐binding proteins, IGFBP‐1, suppresses IGF‐I activity, and thereby inhibits fetal growth. Because hypoxic stress in the uterus is known to cause fetal growth restriction, we examined the effects of hypoxia on IGFBP‐1 production and phosphorylation status.
GPU-Based Computation of the Integral Image

The integral image can be used to quickly complete common pixel-level operations in the regular region of the grey-level image. So it has been widely used in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition. In this paper, we firstly present an intuitive parallel method to compute the integral image. Then based on the intuitive method, a two-stage method based on the binary tree is introduced. In each stage of the algorithm, we do a firstly top-down and secondly bottom-up traversal over the tree. Finally, we analyze the case of large-scale grey-level image and optimize the computation based on the CUD Aarchitecture. We have done the experiment in the consumerlevel PC hardware which shows that the GPU-based algorithm outperforms the corresponded CPU-based algorithm in terms of speed in case of large-scale images.
Right-Node Raising and Delayed Spellout∗†

Across the Board (ATB) movement is generally subject to the same islands that constrain regular wh-movement:1 (1) *Whoi did [a man who loves ti dance], and [a woman who hates ti go home]? In (1) a wh-element is extracted from subjects within both conjuncts. Not surprisingly, the result is ungrammatical. We observe a systematic exception to this pattern: if the gaps corresponding to the extracted element are rightmost within both conjuncts, extraction is possible even across islands: (2) Which booki did [John meet the man who wrote ti ], and [Mary meet the woman who published ti ]? There is another construction involving coordination, Right-Node Raising (RNR; Ross, 1967), that has long been known to be insensitive to conjunctinternal islands: (3) [John met the man who wrote ] and [Mary met the woman who published ] the recent bestseller about bats. ∗Draft. Comments welcome: {asaf,trifilij}@mit.edu †We thank Klaus Abels, Adam Albright, Karlos Arregi, Sigrid Beck, Johan van Benthem, Noam Chomsky, Michel DeGraff, Danny Fox, John Frampton, Irene Heim, Sabine Iatridou, Kyle Johnson, Ivona Kucerova, Idan Landau, Alec Marantz, Andrea Moro, Alan Munn, Maribel Romero, Tal Siloni, Raj Singh, Dominique Sportiche, Donca Steriade, Shoichi Takahashi, and the audiences of EC05, Ling-Lunch, Paris VIII, and InterPhases for valuable comments on this paper. Special thanks go to David Pesetsky. For expository convenience we mark conjuncts with brackets, and material that is shared between conjuncts with boldface. We indicate leftward movement with indexed traces, and rightward movement with underscores. None of this should be taken to have any theoretical import.
Reducing output current ripple of resonant switched-capacitor step-up converter with interleaving technique

This paper deals with a reduction method of output current ripples in a resonant switched-capacitor converter (RSCC) by applying an interleaving technique. Two RSCCs are connected in parallel and operated with their switching waveforms displaced by a half of the switching period. Application of a phase-shift control method to the RSCCs enables not only an equal current sharing between the RSCCs but also a great reduction of the current ripples in both input and output terminals. Theoretical analysis of the current ripples reveals that the interleaving operation can reduce the current ripple less than 45% of that in a conventional synchronous operation. Experimental results show the viability of the interleaving operation, and confirm the reduction effect in the output current ripples as well as the power loss in the RSCC.
Design of Contoured Thermomechanical Actuators and Pulsing Actuation to Enhance Dynamic Performance

This paper presents the concepts, models, and experimental validations of the geometric contouring method and a pulsing technique to enhance dynamic performance of micro thermomechanical actuators (μTMAs). For a typical TMA, contouring may improve its stroke, force, and speed performances by a factor of 4, 2.5, and 10, respectively. In the meantime, the required power for achieving the same performance is reduced by 40%. Herein, we show the following: 1) how to obtain marked dynamic and static performance from μTMAs; 2) how to model and optimize these improvements; and 3) how to use transient electrical command signals to augment these improvements. The utility and practical implementation of these techniques are illustrated via a case study on a stage from a three-axis optical scanner for a two-photon endomicroscope.
Low power XOR gate design and its applications

With advent of technology scaling, the prime objective of design i.e. low power consumption can be easily acquired. For any digital logic design the power consumption depends on; Supply voltage, number of transistors incorporated in circuit and scaling ratios of the same. As CMOS technology supports inversion logic designs; NAND & NOR structures are useful for converting any logic equation into physical level design that comprises of PMOS and NMOS transistors. In similar way, logic can be implemented in other styles as well, with the difference in number of transistors required. The conventional CMOS design for XOR logic can be possible with 8 or more than 8 transistors, with the methodology discussed in this paper, the same design for XOR logic can be made possible with 6 transistors. The proposed methodology consists of Pass transistor logic and Single feedback topology. This design consumes 50% less power than that of conventional XOR logic design with CMOS technology. Since the design for XOR logic, is useful for variety of applications such as Data encryption, Arithmetic circuits, Binary to Gray encoding etc. the XOR logic has been selected for design. The design explained in this paper is simulated with Cadence 90nm technology.
Benchmarking and Resource Measurement Application to Automatic Verification

Proper benchmarking and resource measurement is an important topic, because benchmarking is a widely-used method for the comparative evaluation of tools for automatic verification, needed by researchers, tool developers, and users, as well as in competitions. We formulate a set of requirements that are indispensable for reliable benchmarking and accurate resource measurements, and discuss the limitations of commonly-used methods and benchmarking tools. Fulfilling these requirements in a benchmarking framework is complex and can (on Linux) currently only be done by using the cgroups feature of the kernel. We provide BenchExec, a ready-to-use, tool-independent, and free implementation of a benchmarking framework that fulfills all presented requirements, making accurate, reliable, and reproducible benchmarking easy. Our framework has proven useful and able to work with a wide range of different tools by its successful use in the International Competition on Software Verification.
Enhanced magnetic cell labeling efficiency using –NH2 coated MPIOs

Strategies have been developed for labeling cells with micron sized iron oxide particles (MPIOs) for in vivo visualization of cells by magnetic resonance imaging. Although this approach is well established and has a variety of applications, current protocols employ long labeling times. It has been previously demonstrated that incubation of dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles with positively charged transfection agents, such as poly‐L‐lysine increases labeling efficiency. Therefore, we sought to ascertain whether preincubating MPIOs with various quantities of poly‐L‐lysine would similarly enhance the rate of magnetic cell labeling. This was also tested against an NH2 functionalized, commercially available MPIO. Indeed, we demonstrate significantly increased rate of magnetic cell labeling with MPIOs previously incubated with varying amounts of poly‐L‐lysine, with robust intracellular labeling at 2 hours. Yet the most robust labeling was achieved with the MPIO‐NH2. Interestingly, even for particle formulations which still had negative zeta potential, enhancement of magnetic cell labeling was achieved. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis Working Paper Series No . WP 14 / 2010 Local Maximum Likelihood Techniques with Categorical Data

In this paper we provide asymptotic theory of local maximum likelihood techniques for estimating a regression model where some regressors are discrete. Our methodology and theory are particularly useful for models that give us a likelihood of the unknown functions we can use to identify and estimate the underlying model. This is the case when the conditional density of the variable of interest, given the explanatory variables, is known up to a set of unknown functions. Examples of such models include probit and logit models, truncated regression models, stochastic frontier models, etc. In developing the theory we use the Racine and Li (2004) kernels for discrete regressors. The asymptotic properties of the resulting estimator are derived and the method is illustrated in various simulated scenarios. The results indicate a great flexibility of the approach and good performances in various complex scenarios, even with moderate sample sizes.
Robust sliding mode observer with parameters estimation for a class of nonlinear time-delay systems

In this paper, a class of time delayed nonlinear systems is considered where both parametric uncertainty and structural uncertainty are involved. The delay is time-varying and the unknown parameters are embedded in the system nonlinearly. The only limitation on the structural uncertainty is that its bound is known. A sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate the system state and an adaptive law is proposed to estimate the unknown parameters simultaneously. By using the Lyapunov-Razuminkhin approach, sufficient conditions are developed such that the error system is uniformly ultimately bounded. A simulation study on a bioreactor system shows the effectiveness of the approach.
Regulation of myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration: effects of oxygen levels on satellite cell activity

Reduced oxygen (O2) levels (hypoxia) are present during embryogenesis and exposure to altitude and in pathologic conditions. During embryogenesis, myogenic progenitor cells reside in a hypoxic micro environment, which may regulate their activity. Satellite cells are myogenic progenitor cells localized in a local environment, suggesting that the O2 level could affect their activity during muscle regeneration. In this review, we present the idea that O2 levels regulate myogenesis and muscle regeneration, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms under lying myogenesis and muscle regeneration in hypoxia and depict the rapeutic strategies using changes in O2 levels to promote muscle regeneration. Severe hypoxia (£1% O2) appears detrimental for myogenic differentiation in vitro, whereas a 3–6%O2 level could promotemyogenesis. Hypoxia impairs the regenerative capacity of injured muscles. Although it remains to be explored, hypoxia may contribute to the muscle damage observed in patients with pathologies associated with hypoxia (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and peripheral arterial disease). Hypoxia affects satellite cell activity andmyogenesis throughmechanismsdependent and independent of hypoxiainducible factor‐1a. Finally, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and transplantation of hypoxia‐conditionedmyoblasts are beneficial procedures to enhance muscle regeneration in animals. These therapies may be clinically relevant to treatment of patientswith severemuscle damage. —Chaillou, T. Lanner, J.T. Regulation ofmyogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration: effects of oxygen levels on satellite cell activity. FASEB J. 30, 3929–3941 (2016). www.fasebj. org
Sex Differences in Long-Term Mortality After Stroke in INSTRUCT (INternational STRoke oUtComes sTudy): A Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data

Background— Women are reported to have greater mortality after stroke than men, but the reasons are uncertain. We examined sex differences in mortality at 1 and 5 years after stroke and identified factors contributing to these differences. Methods and Results— Individual participant data for incident strokes were obtained from 13 population-based incidence studies conducted in Europe, Australasia, South America, and the Caribbean between 1987 and 2013. Data on sociodemographics, stroke-related factors, prestroke health, and 1- and 5-year survival were obtained. Poisson modeling was used to estimate the mortality rate ratio (MRR) for women compared with men at 1 year (13 studies) and 5 years (8 studies) after stroke. Study-specific adjusted MRRs were pooled to create a summary estimate using random-effects meta-analysis. Overall, 16 957 participants with first-ever stroke followed up at 1 year and 13 216 followed up to 5 years were included. Crude pooled mortality was greater for women than men at 1 year (MRR 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–1.47) and 5 years (MRR 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.38). However, these pooled sex differences were reversed after adjustment for confounding factors (1 year MRR, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–0.92 and 5-year MRR, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.89). Confounding factors included age, prestroke functional limitations, stroke severity, and history of atrial fibrillation. Conclusions— Greater mortality in women is mostly because of age but also stroke severity, atrial fibrillation, and prestroke functional limitations. Lower survival after stroke among the elderly is inevitable, but there may be opportunities for intervention, including better access to evidence-based care for cardiovascular and general health.
PPV Modeling of Memristor-Based Oscillators and Application to ONN Pattern Recognition

An efficient perturbation projection vector (PPV) modeling for a memristor-based oscillator is proposed and then applied to the simulation of the oscillatory neural network (ONN) for pattern recognition. Compared with the existing model, which is very time consuming, this novel modeling method features a fast and accurate simulation of a large-scale network with many oscillators. The proposed modeling is based on a highly efficient abstraction of the phase sensitivity characteristic of the memristor-based oscillator, i.e., its PPV, which enables reducing the complexity of the ONN description, speeding up the simulation considerably while retaining comparable precision.
Wavelets in electronic structure calculations.

A three-dimensional wavelet analysis is employed to develop a new formalism for electronic structure calculations. The wavelet formalism provides a systematically improvable and tractable description of electronic wave functions and overcomes limitations of conventional basis expansions. The potential power of the wavelet formalism for [ital ab] [ital initio] electronic structure calculations is demonstrated by a calculation of 1[ital s] states for all the naturally occurring nuclei on the periodic table and the interaction energies of the hydrogen molecule ion.