Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of turbulent fluctuations in aerosol activation and cloud formation

Significance Formation of cloud droplets is a threshold phenomenon; droplets form only when the local relative humidity (RH) exceeds a critical value which depends on the size and chemical composition of preexisting aerosol particles which serve as the seeds for droplets. In the traditional view of this process, only the average value of RH is considered. However, clouds are ubiquitously turbulent, meaning they are characterized not by a single value of relative humidity, but by a distribution. We show, with laboratory experiments and theory, that cloud formation occurs in three regimes, characterized by the relationship between the distribution of RH in the environment and the critical value. Our results show that fluctuations in RH must be considered, as well the average. Aerosol indirect effects are one of the leading contributors to cloud radiative properties relevant to climate. Aerosol particles become cloud droplets when the ambient relative humidity (saturation ratio) exceeds a critical value, which depends on the particle size and chemical composition. In the traditional formulation of this problem, only average, uniform saturation ratios are considered. Using experiments and theory, we examine the effects of fluctuations, produced by turbulence. Our measurements, from a multiphase, turbulent cloud chamber, show a clear transition from a regime in which the mean saturation ratio dominates to one in which the fluctuations determine cloud properties. The laboratory measurements demonstrate cloud formation in mean-subsaturated conditions (i.e., relative humidity <100%) in the fluctuation-dominant activation regime. The theoretical framework developed to interpret these measurements predicts a transition from a mean- to a fluctuation-dominated regime, based on the relative values of the mean and standard deviation of the environmental saturation ratio and the critical saturation ratio at which aerosol particles activate or become droplets. The theory is similar to the concept of stochastic condensation and can be used in the context of the atmosphere to explore the conditions under which droplet activation is driven by fluctuations as opposed to mean supersaturation. It provides a basis for future development of cloud droplet activation parameterizations that go beyond the internally homogeneous parcel calculations that have been used in the past.
Male Cheetah Social Organization and Territoriality

Patterns of territory ownership in male cheetahs inhabiting the Serengeti Plains are described, and factors affecting territorial behaviour are examined. Body size and age were factors influencing whether males became territorial, and single males usually had to join up with others in order to oust residents. Both size of male coalition and body size of its members were associated with length of tenure on territories. Limited data suggest that territory owners were probably no more likely to encounter females than were non-territorial males but there was a suggestion that they suffered lower survivorship costs than non-territorial males.
Conchiolin infection and surface coating Vibrio: shell fragility, growth depression and mortalities in cultured oysters and clams, Crassostrea virginica, Ostrea edulis and Mercenaria mercenaria

A disease of cultured juvenile European oyster, Ostrea edulis, and American oysters, Crassostrea virginica, was characterized by infection of conchiolinous ligament and periostracum by surface-coating Vibrio spp. bacteria. A similar bacterium was isolated from diseased cultured hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, held in a facility about 300 km distance from the oyster hatcheries. The oysters demonstrated fragile, undercalcified peripheral shell and apparently excessive chalky deposits. Histological and scanning electron microscopical examination revealed that the oysters' eroded ligaments and perforated peripheral periostracum were infected with uniform rod-shaped bacteria. The infection appeared to interfere with normal proteinaceous and calcareous shell deposition and possibly with normal ligament function. Histological examination of the digestive system organs suggested that normal digestive processes were also interrupted. Two predominant bacteria were isolated from oyster samples and one predominant bacterium was isolated from clam samples. One of the isolates from oyster culture facilities was found almost exclusively associated with oyster shell surfaces and culture tank surfaces, this isolate was similar to the one taken from clam shell surfaces. The other predominant bacterium was found in water column samples in oyster culture facilities at levels from about 105 to 107 per ml. This isolate had a DNA base ratio (moles % G + C) of 43.6; the two surface-associated isolates had base ratios of 43.6 and 44.5%. These Gram-negative, oxidase positive, fermentive rods have been identified as a Vibrio spp. group. Specific antibody was produced which differentiated these bacteria from each other and from other similar isolates. Practical procedures for controlling the bacteria in shellfish culture systems are described.
A systematic literature review and comparative study of different software quality models

Abstract Every organization wants to run with profit only and it is a common trend to acquire the new technologies, methods and models to enhance the quality of software product. Quality of product is directly proportional to the value of the product and the profit of the organization. Different quality model are used by different organization foundation upon the requirements. Different thoughts of software quality attributes with various software quality models are evaluated and examined in this survey. Also researcher performed comparative study of different software quality models utilized by different organizations. Making software by using open source software (OSS) and commercial of the shelf (COTS) component is very useful for any organization. So as to quantify quality in software, quality models can be used to check the quality of existing COTS and OSS software components. The purpose of this research is to do the comparative study to check software quality prediction using COTS and OSS components. In this survey the researcher do study of more than 100 papers and identified that OSS as the development technique is more better then COTS development. Because COTS development is black box in nature, so some tradition quality metrics cannot be apply but in case of OSS as development methodology source code is available. So we can apply all software quality metrics to assess the OSS quality. But still there is no proper technique, model and tool is available by which we can evaluate the quality of OSS. In future the researcher can improve the software quality by creating some tools and models for estimation of quality characteristics according to the modified ISO-9126 quality assurance model for OSS.
A Review of the Use of Immobilized Ionic Liquids in the Electrochemical Conversion of CO2

This paper is a review on the application of imidazolium-based ionic liquids tethered to polymer backbones in the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to carbon monoxide and formic acid. These tethered ionic liquids have been incorporated into novel anion ion exchange membranes for CO2 electrolysis, as well as for ionomers that have been incorporated into the cathode catalyst layer, providing a co-catalyst for the reduction reaction. In using these tethered ionic liquids in the cathode catalyst composition, the cell operating current increased by a factor of two or more. The Faradaic efficiencies also increased by 20–30%. This paper provides a review of the literature, in addition to providing some new experimental results from Dioxide Materials, in the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO and formic acid.
Molecular Profiling of Major Indian Rice Cultivars Using a Set of Eight Hypervariable Microsatellite Markers

India bred high yielding rice varieties have enriched to a great extent the global rice germplasm since the mid-sixties. Systematic research efforts for development of cultivar-specific DNA fingerprints of major Indian rice cultivars, however, have not received due attention. The present investigation was aimed at development of DNA fingerprints for 90 high yielding rice varieties using hypervariable microsatellite (hvRM) markers. A panel of eight markers, viz. RM11313, RM13584, RM15004, RM5844, RM22250, RM22565, RM24260 and RM8207 was chosen from 52 polymorphic markers based on their highly polymorphic nature, SSR repeat type and number and ability to distinguish genotypes, in order to develop DNA fingerprints of 90 varieties. The remaining high polymorphic hvRM markers could be of immense value in future to distinguish new cultivars, in case they could not be distinguished by the 8 marker panel. Four of the 8 markers, viz. RM22250, RM13584, RM24260 and RM5844 were located in expressed genes and could be of value in DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) testing. Thus we suggested, that this set of 8 loci could be used as standard for DNA fingerprinting of Indian rice cultivars.
Determined Factors of Human Capital Valuation: An Empirical Study in Higher Education Institution

During disrupted economy era with rapid technological development, the role of human capital is often overlooked, especially when information and communication technologies (ITCs) have replaced some of the human functions. Even some experts argued that human capital is an asset of the organization, the contradict of human accounting treatments remains an interested issue especially when human valuation becomes one of the key drivers of the growth of organization such as in higher education institution (HEI). Using analytical hierarchy process (AHP), this study examines whether the human resource development expenses may be accounted as the key driver in a HEI development and determines which human-development activities that continually may contribute to the HEI value. The result shows that the cost of professional or competence development is as the most important activities in the human capital valuation process. This study, therefore, is supporting the previous studies in which such attributes as life experience, knowledge, innovation, motivation are the critical human capital dimension to contribute to the value of institutions.
Seasonal variation in number of ovarian follicles and hormonal levels in Egyptian Buffalo and cattle.

Egypt is one of the potentially vulnerable countries on the effect of Global Warming. Low conceptive productivity in buffaloes and cattle cause serious economic losses as a result of heat stress. The present work was designed to evaluate the effect of the season (hot or cold season) on reproductive performance and hormonal changes in buffalo and cattle. Blood samples and genital tract were collected from buffalo and native cattle slaughtered at local abattoir during the cold (October to March, n=204 and 60, for buffalo and cattle, respectively) and hot season (April to September, n=196 and 69 for buffalo and cattle, respectively). Morphological characters of ovaries including the presence of corpora lutea (CL) and the number of ovarian antral follicles were evaluated. According to their morphology for the presence of CL or follicles, ovaries were divided into luteal phase, follicular phase, and smooth inactive ovaries. Serum progesterone (P4), estradiol-17ß (E2), Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) concentrations were determined in serum using enzyme immune-assay. The person correlation coefficient between the concentration of AMH and number of follicles was determined. Results indicated that during the hot season, the concentration of P4, E2, T3 and T4 in both buffaloes and cattle were significantly (P<0.05) decreased when compared with cold season. Also, AMH significantly (P<0.05) decreased during hot than the cold season, and there was a highly significant positive correlation between AMH concentrations during hot and cold season and the number of ovarian follicles in buffalo and cattle. However, the stage of the cycle (Luteal or follicular) doesn't affect the correlation between AMH and the number of follicles in buffalo and cattle. In conclusion, hot season impair the reproductive efficiency in buffalo and cattle by decreasing the incidence of smooth inactive ovaries through its direct effect on ovarian steroid and AMH production as well as the thyroid hormones.
Factors Influencing the Distribution of Phytoplankton in 97 Headwater Lakes in Insular Newfoundland

Phytoplankton samples collected from 97 headwater lakes throughout insular Newfoundland were analyzed and used as a basis for a statistical evaluation of the environmental factors influencing species distributions. A selected subset of 77 taxa were clustered using a complete-linkage cluster analysis. The final 12 clusters represent the associations of species found occurring together in insular Newfoundland. Physical, chemical, and morphometric data collected with the phytoplankton served to characterize the environment. Factor analysis simplified the original variables, many of which were highly correlated and uninterpretable, into seven derived environmental factors: dystrophy, hardness, salinity, lake size, season, watershed influence, and orthophosphate enrichment. The resulting orthogonally rotated (VARIMAX) scores comprising these seven factors were correlated with species abundances. Spearman correlations showed several relationships between species distributions and the seven derived environmental.
Modelling secondary production in the Norwegian Sea with a fully coupled physical/primary production/individual-based Calanus finmarchicus model system

Abstract The copepod Calanus finmarchicus is the dominant species of the meso-zooplankton in the Norwegian Sea, and constitutes an important link between the phytoplankton and the higher trophic levels in the Norwegian Sea food chain. An individual-based model for C. finmarchicus, based on super-individuals and evolving traits for behaviour, stages, etc., is two-way coupled to the NORWegian ECOlogical Model system (NORWECOM). One year of modelled C. finmarchicus spatial distribution, production and biomass are found to represent observations reasonably well. High C. finmarchicus abundance is found along the Norwegian shelf-break in the early summer, while the overwintering population is found along the slope and in the deeper Norwegian Sea basins. The timing of the spring bloom is generally later than in the observations. Annual Norwegian Sea production is found to be 29 million tonnes of carbon and a production to biomass (P/B) ratio of 4.3 emerges. Sensitivity tests show that the modelling system is robust to initial values of behavioural traits and with regards to the number of super-individuals simulated given that this is above about 50,000 individuals. Experiments with the model system indicate that it provides a valuable tool for studies of ecosystem responses to causative forces such as prey density or overwintering population size. For example, introducing C. finmarchicus food limitations reduces the stock dramatically, but on the other hand, a reduced stock may rebuild in one year under normal conditions.
Water-Based Process to the Preparation of Nickel-Rich Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 Cathode

Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is added as a binder to the water-based slurry of Ni-rich Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 (NCM811) powder. After adding PAA, the pH of the slurry changes from strongly alkaline to nearly neutral (pH9.0), making it suitable for casting on the aluminum current collector without corroding the aluminum (Al) and a largely increased adhesion from 318 to 458 kg m-2 after drying. The use of PAA also improves the dispersion of the slurry, because the carboxyl groups of PAA can interact with NCM811 to help stabilize the electrode particles in the slurry. Given the improved dispersion, reduced corrosion potential, and better adhesion, the resultant NCM811 cathode exhibits good structural integrity and greatly lowered charge-transfer resistance from 37.0 to 8.5 Ω, showing a high initial capacity of 189.2 mAh g-1 and capacity retention of 84.2% after 100 charge-discharge cycles under 0.2C.
Time delay stability analysis for vibration suppression of a smart cantilever beam with hysteresis property

A stability analysis for a smart beam with an adaptive controller is presented in the paper when considering the time delay phenomenon. With the Lagrange equation and the assumed modes method, a dynamical model is constructed to describe the hysteresis nonlinearity of the smart beam. By simulation and experiment, the nonlinear model is proved effectively using the strain response near the root of the beam when the piezoelectric actuator is applied on with a chirp voltage. Based on the dynamical model, a stability analysis method is proposed with an eigenmatrix in the discrete control system. Through some simulation verifications, it is concluded that a proper time delay will be useful to improve the stability of the smart beam with an adaptive controller. Furthermore, it is verified by the experiments that the free vibration amplitude of the smart beam with an artificial time delay 0.05 s is smaller compared with that at no time delay.
RE-examining the Effect of Online Social Support on Subjective Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Experience

Building upon the perspectives of social capital theory, social support, and experience, this study developed a theoretical model to investigate the determinants of subjective well-being on social media. This study also examined the moderating role of experience on the relationship between subjective well-being and social support. Data collected from 267 social media users in Taiwan were used to test the proposed model. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to test the measurement model and the structural model. The findings reveal that receiving online support and providing online support are the key predictors of subjective well-being. Furthermore, social capital positively influences the reception and provision of online support. Finally, providing online support has a significant effect on the subjective well-being of users with low levels of use experience, while receiving online support exerts a stronger influence on the subjective well-being of users with high levels of use experience.
Inventário de Crenças de Carreira e Empregabilidade

O presente trabalho reporta o desenvolvimento do Inventario de Crencas de Carreira e Empregabilidade que permite avaliar crencas facilitadoras de comportamentos e atitudes adaptativos dos individuos face a transicoes de carreira. O ICEB tem 38 itens e 6 escalas: Esforco/Realizacao, Proatividade/Iniciativa, Flexibilidade/Abertura as mudancas, Aceitacao de desafios/Riscos, Otimismo e Autonomia. Sao apresentadas as etapas de construcao e os dados referentes as caracteristicas psicometricas do instrumento, com uma amostra de 395 estudantes, 206 do sexo masculino e 189 do sexo feminino, entre os 18 e os 26 anos com media etaria de 21,21 anos. Os indices de consistencia interna e os indicadores de validade sao satisfatorios, posicionando o ICEB como um instrumento promissor, podendo fundamentar intervencoes vocacionais que visem facilitar transicoes na carreira.
Frequency stability and under frequency load shedding of the Southern Sulawesi power system with integration of wind power plants

The Government of Indonesia is encouraging investments in renewable energy based power plants in Indonesia, including wind power plants (WPPs). Two large WPPs in the Southern Sulawesi interconnected power system are Sidrap WPPs and Jeneponto WPPs. Both Sidrap WPP and Jeneponto WPP are the largest WPPs in Indonesia and they account for significant contribution for the Southern Sulawesi power generation mix. Considering the intermittency characteristics of WPPs and system’s failure probability, therefore it is essential to assess the system’s stability after their integration. This work evaluates the frequency stability of the Southern Sulawesi interconnected power system with the integration of both Sidrap WPPs and Jeneponto WPPs.
Isolation and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides from Slime-Forming Mesophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria

Ropy strains of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris, and Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei produced heteropolysaccharides, when grown in milk and ultrafiltrate, containing primarily galactose and glucose with the former predominating. However, small amounts of mannose, rhamnose, and pentoses were also identified. The amounts of polysaccharide produced ranged from 30 to 600 mg/L of culture medium; they were 50 to 60% higher when strains grew at 25 instead of 30°C. Addition of glucose or sucrose to both milk and ultrafiltrate markedly enhanced exopolysaccharide production and modified the monosaccharide composition with glucose becoming dominant.
Electro-Thermal Analysis of Microwave Limiter Based on the Time-Domain Impulse Response Method Combined With Physical-Model-Based Semiconductor Solver

To effectively analyze the electro-thermal characteristics of a semiconductor p-i-n diode in the microwave limiter circuit, a cosimulation algorithm of the time-domain impulse response technique and physical-model-based semiconductor solver is proposed in this article. The physical-model-based semiconductor solver algorithm is based on the drift diffusion model (DDM). First, the multiphysical field coupling equations of the drift diffusion model and heat conduction model are used to analyze the electro-thermal behavior of a semiconductor p-i-n diode. Second, the time-domain impulse response technique based on the field–circuit coupling algorithm is used to extract the time-domain impulse response at each port of the electromagnetic field structure. Finally, the time-domain impulse response is combined with the volt–ampere characteristic relationship of the physical-model-based p-i-n diode. As a result, an efficient computation of the time-domain electro-thermal coupling characteristics of p-i-n diode in the microwave limiter can be obtained. The simulation results are in good agreement with those by the commercial software (COMSOL). The computation time and the memory requirement of the proposed algorithm are significantly reduced when compared with COMSOL.
Bidirectional Long Shot-Term Memory-Based Interactive Motion Prediction of Cut-In Vehicles in Urban Environments

This paper presents an interactive motion predictor to infer the intention of cut-in vehicles using a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) module. The proposed predictor consists of three modules: maneuver recognition, trajectory prediction, and interaction. The driving data for training and validating the Bi-LSTM module were collected by sensors mounted on an autonomous vehicle (AV). In total, 3,828 trajectories of human-driven vehicles around the AV are accumulated in a global coordinate system. After postprocessing the collected trajectories, 83,188 and 35,652 data samples were used to train and validate the Bi-LSTM module, respectively. In the Bi-LSTM module, a maneuver is defined as the desired driving lane of a vehicle, which extend the behavior coverage of the proposed approach. The trajectory prediction step is based on the path-following model with a motion parameter estimator to predict the trajectories for all possible maneuvers. The interaction module considers the likelihood of each maneuver and the collision risk to determine the future trajectories of the surrounding vehicles in terms of the driving scene. The proposed predictor was evaluated in terms of its prediction accuracy and its effects on the motion planner of the AV. It has been shown that the AV benefits from the improved motion prediction of target vehicles provided by the proposed predictor with respect to enhanced safety and reduced control effort in the case of cut-in situations.