Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavioural problems of 8-year-old children with and without intellectual disability

Abstract The aim was to study the prevalence of behavioural and emotional problems among 8-year-old children with intellectual disability (ID) and to compare their results to those obtained among the general child population in the same cohort. In a prospective birth cohort study, parents filled in two questionnaires and teachers assessed children's behaviour using the Rutter scale (RB2). At the age of seven, the Northern Finland Birth cohort 1985/86 included 9357 children, of whom 106 had an intellectual disability. 44.4% of the children with ID and 14.1% of the children without ID showed probable psychiatric disturbances. In the group of children with ID, behavioural (20.8%) and emotional (18.1%) problems were almost equally common, and hyper-activity problems were frequent (36.1%), whereas in the group of children without ID, behavioural problems (9.1%) and hyperactivity (9.3%) were more common than emotional problems (4.9%). In both groups, boys had more problems than girls, even though the difference was not statistically significant among the children with ID. Over one third of the children with ID had additional disabilities, but these did not increase the risk of having behavioural problems. Because children's psychiatric disorders and behavioural problems are not only very distressing to them and their families but also have a negative impact on their learning at school, peer relationships and social competence, more attention should be paid to preventing them by educational and environmental interventions that support parents and teachers. (J Pediatr Neurol 2003; 1(1): 15–24).
Microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of Bamboo biomass with plastic waste for hydrogen-rich syngas production

Concerns about diminishing fossil fuels and increasing greenhouse gas emissions are driving many countries to develop renewable energy sources. The knowledge of the dielectric property is essential to design and develop microwave technology for processing biomass materials. Bamboo biomass was subjected to microwave pyrolysis, to determine the influence of each process on the yield and composition of the derived gas, oil and char products. The influence of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate for the microwave pyrolysis was investigated. A microwave-enhanced co-pyrolysis of bamboo with plastic coupled with Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was studied to produce a high yield of hydrogen-rich syngas under mild operating conditions. Ni was applied as the catalyst loaded on Al2O3 supports. The co-pyrolysis with catalyst not only produced high hydrogen amounts but also improve the quality of the liquid bio-oil. The maximum H2 content reached 54 vol% for the bamboo using activated carbon as the microwave absorbing agent with ratio of bamboo wood: Plastic at 80:20. The Ni/Al2O3 catalyst dramatically improved the gas yield as well as the hydrogen concentration.
1 CHAPTER 1 INVESTIGATIVE TOOLS : THEORY , MODELING , AND SIMULATION

As subsequent chapters in this report will describe, theory, modeling, and simulation (TM&S) play a significant role in almost every branch of nanotechnology. TM&S consists of three distinct components. A theory can be defined as a set of scientific principles that explains phenomena—a succinct description of a class of problems. Modeling is the analytical/numerical applications of theory to solve specific problems. Simulation aims to faithfully render the physical problem in the greatest possible detail, so that the critical features emerge organically—not as a consequence of the ingenuity, insights, high level abstractions, and simplifications that characterize modeling. Each of the three TM&S components plays an important role, but the opportunities of the next decade will require a stronger emphasis on the modeling component. Multiscale modeling, in particular, will be essential in addressing the next decade’s challenges in technology exploration and nanomanufacturing. Finally, it should be understood that each subdiscipline of nanotechnology has its own TM&S community; these communities share many commonalities in underlying theoretical foundations, numerical and computational methods, and modeling approaches. This chapter focuses on issues, challenges, and opportunities common to TM&S across the broad spectrum of nanotechnology.
List of clustered permutations in secondary memory for proximity searching

Similarity search is a difficult problem and various indexing schemas have been defi ned to process similarity queries efficiently in many applications, including multimedia databases and other repositories handling complex objects. Metric indices support efficient similarity searches, but most of them are designed for main memory. Thus, they can handle only small datasets, suffering serious performance degradations when the objects reside on disk. Most reallife database applications require indices able to work on secondary memory. Among a plethora of indices, the List of Clustered Permutations (LCP) has shown to be competitive in main memory.We introduce a secondary-memory variant of the LCP, which maintains the low number of distance evaluations when comparing the permutations themselves, and also needs a low number of I/O operations at construction and searching.
THE DESIGN OF PROSODICALLY ORIENTED MANDARIN SPEECH DATABASE

While most of the current speech databases are designed based on the phonetically balance or phonetically rich principles, we proposed to design a prosodically oriented speech database for Mandarin. Based on the assumption that the intonation is determined by the sentence types, and the prosodic structure is closely related to the syntactic structure and patterns, we make our focus on the coverage of sentence types and phrasal syntactic patters. This paper describes the methodology for the design and collection of such a prosodically oriented speech database for Mandarin Chinese. There are 1600 short paragraphs selected to cover the three major sentence types, namely, interrogative, exclamatory, and declarative. The selected text scripts were recorded by six speakers and the recorded databases are served as the experimental environments for the research on Mandarin prosody.
Number 11 / 58 Riemann-Cartan Geometry of Nonlinear Dislocation Mechanics by

We present a geometric theory of nonlinear solids with distributed dislocations. In this theory the material manifold – where the body is stress free – is a Weitzenböck manifold, i.e. a manifold with a flat affine connection with torsion but vanishing non-metricity. Torsion of the material manifold is identified with the dislocation density tensor of nonlinear dislocation mechanics. Using Cartan’s moving frames we construct the material manifold for several examples of bodies with distributed dislocations. We also present nontrivial examples of zero-stress dislocation distributions. More importantly, in this geometric framework we are able to calculate the residual stress fields assuming that the nonlinear elastic body is incompressible. We derive the governing equations of nonlinear dislocation mechanics covariantly using balance of energy and its covariance.
Gallid Herpesvirus 1 Initiates Apoptosis in Uninfected Cells through Paracrine Repression of p53

It is well accepted that herpesviruses suppress the apoptosis of host cells via various strategies to ensure sustained viral replication during infection. However, a recent in vivo study reported the apoptosis of remote uninfected cells during GaHV-1 infection. The mechanism and the biological meaning of this unexpected herpesvirus-host interaction are unclear. This study uncovers the mechanisms of herpesvirus-triggered apoptosis in uninfected cells and may also contribute to a mechanistic illustration of paracrine-regulated apoptosis induced by other viruses in uninfected host cells. ABSTRACT Apoptosis is a common innate defense mechanism of host cells against viral infection and is therefore suppressed by many viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV), via various strategies. A recent in vivo study reported the apoptosis of remote uninfected cells during Gallid herpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1) infection, yet little is known about this previously unknown aspect of herpesvirus-host interactions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the apoptosis of uninfected host cells during GaHV-1 infection. The present study used in vitro and in ovo models, which avoided potential interference by host antiviral immunity, and demonstrated that this GaHV-1–host interaction is independent of host immune responses and important for both the pathological effect of viral infection and early viral dissemination from the primary infection site to distant tissues. Further, we revealed that GaHV-1 infection triggers this process in a paracrine-regulated manner. Using genome-wide transcriptome analyses in combination with a set of functional studies, we found that this paracrine-regulated effect requires the repression of p53 activity in uninfected cells. In contrast, the activation of p53 not only prevented the apoptosis of remote uninfected cells and subsequent pathological damage induced by GaHV-1 infection but also delayed viral dissemination significantly. Moreover, p53 activation repressed viral replication both in vitro and in ovo, suggesting that dual cell-intrinsic mechanisms underlie the suppression of GaHV-1 infection by p53 activation. This study uncovers the mechanism underlying the herpesvirus-triggered apoptosis of remote host cells and extends our understanding of both herpesvirus-host interactions and the roles of p53 in viral infection. IMPORTANCE It is well accepted that herpesviruses suppress the apoptosis of host cells via various strategies to ensure sustained viral replication during infection. However, a recent in vivo study reported the apoptosis of remote uninfected cells during GaHV-1 infection. The mechanism and the biological meaning of this unexpected herpesvirus-host interaction are unclear. This study uncovers the mechanisms of herpesvirus-triggered apoptosis in uninfected cells and may also contribute to a mechanistic illustration of paracrine-regulated apoptosis induced by other viruses in uninfected host cells.
Successful application of a single warming protocol for embryos cryopreserved by either slow freezing or vitrification techniques

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of using a sucrose gradient-based warming protocol as a universal warming approach on human cleavage stage embryos. Between January 2013 and November 2014, a total of 118 warming cycles were performed on 705 embryos which had previously been cryopreserved/thawed by slow freezing protocols or cryopreserved by slow freezing and warmed by vitrification thaw solution. Clinical outcomes have been retrospectively analyzed depending on cryopreservation and warming techniques used, embryo viability, day of cryopreservation, clinical pregnancy, implantation, and live birth rate. Results indicate that, the use of the vitrification warming protocol for warming after slow freezing results in comparable post-warming survival (71.6% and 71.1%; p = 0.890). Higher clinical pregnancy, implantation, and live birth rates were obtained in the cryopreserved embryos by slow freezing and warmed by vitrification group in comparison to the cryopreserved/thawed by slow freezing protocols group but the results did not show statistically significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). These results indicate that such an approach can eliminate the need to search for a brand-dependent product, as well as case-dependent hands-on planning. Further research that evaluates the effectiveness of this approach on a larger case series is underway. Abbreviations: CPA: concentrated cryoprotective agent; COH: controlled ovarian stimulation; FET: frozen embryo transfer; HSG: hysterosalpingogram; mHTF: modified human tubal medium; SSM: single step media; SSS: synthetic serum substitute; TV-USG: transvaginal ultrasound.
Psychotropic medication use in hospitalized patients with borderline personality disorder

Introduction: Use of medications to treat symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to describe psychotropic medication use in hospitalized patients with BPD and compare with a control group. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on hospitalized patients aged 18-65 years having a diagnosis of BPD and compared them with a control group of patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) without a personality disorder. Patients were excluded from the BPD group if other personality disorders were recorded. Charts were reviewed for demographics and psychotropic medication usage both prior to admission and at discharge. Results: This study included 165 patients (85 in BPD; 80 in MDD). Prior to admission and upon discharge, patients in the BPD group were prescribed significantly more psychotropic medications than patients with MDD (3.21 vs 2.10; P < .001 and 2.87 vs 2.35; P < .05, respectively). Patients in the BPD group were significantly more likely to be prescribed antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and miscellaneous agents compared with the MDD group. On admission, significantly more BPD patients were prescribed multiple sedative agents (37.6% vs 21.3%; P < .05), but because of the discontinuation of sedative agents, this difference was nonsignificant upon discharge. Discussion: This study found increased medication utilization among patients with BPD. Polypharmacy may increase the risk of side effects, drug interactions, and drug toxicity for BPD patients. Clinicians need to carefully evaluate the efficacy and risk of medications prescribed in patients with BPD.
ANOTHER LOOK AT THE RAPID CHLORIDE PERMEABILITY TEST ( ASTM C 1202 or ASSHTO T 277 )

The rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) test method C1202 or American Association of States Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Test Method T277, is virtually a measurement of electrical conductivity of concrete, which depends on both the pore structure characteristics and pore solution chemistry of concrete. This paper discusses the effects of several factors, such as cement composition, replacement of cement with supplementary cementing materials and inclusion of aggregate, on the electrical conductivity or RCPT results of hardened cement mortars and concrete. Analyses based on published results have indicated that all the three factors may have significant effects on the chemistry and specific conductivity of concrete pore solution, which has little to do with the transport of ions in the solution. Thus, RCPT is not a valid test for evaluation of permeability of concretes made with different materials or different proportions.
Surface acoustic wave devices as passive buried sensors

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are currently used as passive remote-controlled sensors for measuring various physical quantities through a wireless link. Among the two main classes of designs—resonator and delay line—the former has the advantage of providing narrow-band spectrum informations and hence appears compatible with an interrogation strategy complying with Industry-Scientific-Medical regulations in radio-frequency (rf) bands centered around 434, 866, or 915 MHz. Delay-line based sensors require larger bandwidths as they consists of a few interdigitated electrodes excited by short rf pulses with large instantaneous energy and short response delays but is compatible with existing equipment such as ground penetrating radar (GPR). We here demonstrate the measurement of temperature using the two configurations, particularly for long term monitoring using sensors buried in soil. Although we have demonstrated long term stability and robustness of packaged resonators and signal to noise ratio compat.
Fast, closed-form, and efficient estimators for hierarchical models with AR(1) covariance and unequal cluster sizes

ABSTRACT This article is concerned with statistically and computationally efficient estimation in a hierarchical data setting with unequal cluster sizes and an AR(1) covariance structure. Maximum likelihood estimation for AR(1) requires numerical iteration when cluster sizes are unequal. A near optimal non-iterative procedure is proposed. Pseudo-likelihood and split-sample methods are used, resulting in computing weights to combine cluster size specific parameter estimates. Results show that the method is statistically nearly as efficient as maximum likelihood, but shows great savings in computation time.
Psychological Consequences of Causal Attributions of Social Success and Failure: An Analysis in Terms of Social Anxiety

This study attempted to extend the concept of achievement motivation, as proposed by Weiner's attributional model, to social affiliative contexts. It was proposed that low social anxiety individuals behave like high achievement motivation individuals who make more self-attributions for success, but more external attributions for failure, whereas high social anxiety individuals take more personal responsibility for failure social outcomes, but make more external attributions when successful. Subjects were 243 undergraduate students, 143 females and 100 males. They completed the Leary Social Anxiety Scale, the Lefcourt Affiliation Locus of Control Scale, the Fenigstein Social Anxiety Scale, the Social Attribution Scale, and the Russell Causal Dimension Scale.
Prep1, A Homeodomain Transcription Factor Involved in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

The three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeodomain proteins are a family of transcription factor including the mammalian Pbx, MEIS and Prep proteins. TALE proteins can bind other transcription factors such as Pdx-1 and play an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Experiments performed in mutant mice have shown that while the single Pbx1 or Pdx-1 knockout mice feature pancreatic islet malformations, impaired glucose tolerance and hypoinsulinemia, the trans-heterozygous Pbx1+/− Pdx1+/− mice develop age-dependent overt diabetes mellitus. In contrast, Prep1 plays a different role with respect to these proteins. Indeed, Prep1 hypomorphic mice, expressing low levels of protein, feature pancreatic islet hypoplasia accompanied by hypoinsulinemia similar to Pbx1 or Pdx1. Nevertheless, these animals show increased insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue accompanied by protection from streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In addition, Prep1 hypomorphic mice feature reduced triglyceride synthesis and do not develop steatohepatitis after a methionine and coline deficient diet. In this review we have underlined how important metabolic functions are controlled by TALE proteins, in particular by Prep1, leading to hypothesis that its suppression might represent beneficial effect in the care of metabolic diseases.
Determinants of Venture Capital Investments

Venture Capital is an important theme in economic research as a growing intermediate in the financing of new or growing young firms. In Europe, it is the United Kingdom that is the leading country with the highest amount of venture capital activity. However, there is a wide spatial distribution of venture capital across the regions of the United Kingdom where London and the South East alone pulled nearly 60% of venture capital in 2013. This paper focuses on a cross-regional study with the selected regions of the United Kingdom: Scotland, England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The purpose to investigate the relationship between economic growth, research & development expenditure, and population density with total venture capital investments during the time period 2006 – 2016. The aim is to contribute to existing literature on determinants of venture capital with evidence from the United Kingdom. Using a fixed effect model, we can establish a positive relationship between population density and total venture capital invested. Economic growth and gross expenditure on research & development did not yield any significant result.
Long-Term Outcome of Approved Pharmacotherapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Fluocinolone Acetonide Implants, Dexamethasone Implants, Aflibercept and Ranibizumab

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major sight-threatening cause in diabetic patients. The pathophysiology of macular edema involves both the presence of inflammation and angiogenic stimulant regarding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [1]. Intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF, including ranibizumab [2-8], bevacizuamb [9], pegaptanib [10], aflibercept [11] are proven to be effective for managing DME. Intravitreal injections of corticosteroids, potent anti-inflammatory agents, such as fluocinolone acetonide implants (Retisert) [12], fluocinolone acetonide inserts (Iluvein) [13,14], dexamethasone implants [15,16], and triamcinolone acetonide [2] have been shown to be beneficial to DME. The Food and Drug Administration of US and European Medicines Agency have approved intravitreal injections of fluocinolone acetonide inserts (Iluvein), dexamethasone implants, aflibercept, and ranibizumab for treating DME. Herein the long-term outcome of the randomized controlled studies in these approved pharmacotherapies will be reviewed.
Understanding Scoped-Flooding for Content Discovery and Caching in Content Networks

Scoped-flooding is used for content discovery in a broad networking context and it has significant impact on the design of caching algorithms in a communication network. Despite its wide usage, a thorough analysis on how scoped-flooding affects a network’s performance, e.g., caching and content discovery efficiency, is missing. To develop a better understanding, we first model the behavior of scoped-flooding by the help of a theoretical model on network growth and utility. Next, we investigate the effects of scoped-flooding on various topologies in information-centric networks (ICNs). Using the proposed ring model, we show that flooding can be constrained within a small neighborhood to achieve most of the gains which come from areas with relatively low growth rate, i.e., the network edge. We also study two flooding strategies and compare their behaviors. Given that caching schemes favor more popular items in competition for cache space, popular items are expected to be stored in diverse parts of the network compared to the less popular items. We propose to exploit the resulting divergence in availability along with the routers’ topological properties to fine tune the flooding radius. Our results shed light on designing both efficient content discovery mechanism and effective caching algorithms for future ICN.