Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fly Exercise: A Simple Experiment to Test the Physiological Effects of Exercise on a Model Organism

Model organisms are commonly used to study and experimentally explore biological processes in ways that are technically or ethically not possible in humans. For this reason, model organisms are an essential component of scientific research and exposing students to practical applications of data collection using model organisms is an essential component of a thorough scientific education. In this paper, we use the fly model species, Drosophila melanogaster, and a fly treadmill to perform an exercise physiology experiment. The goal of the experiment is to expose students to the process, value, and importance of using model organisms in scientific research. The instructor will assist students in collecting, exercising, and sacrificing the flies from various lines and sexes. The students will quantify a biologically meaningful suite of enzyme activities and metabolite concentrations, assemble the results from the assays in a spreadsheet document, plot the data from the results and perform statistical analyses to quantify and, finally, graphically present physiological changes associated with the different exercise regimes. The experiment can be conducted in two three-hour sessions; the first to collect, exercise, and homogenize the flies and then perform enzymatic kinetic assays, the second to quantify metabolite concentrations. After the second lab session, the students will have the complete experimental data set and will be able to perform data analysis on their results. The experiment is designed to suit second to fourth year undergraduate students, depending on their past laboratory experience and skillset. Citation: Hick JPS, Eng MG, Parrotta MD, Merritt TJS. 2019. Fly Exercise: A Simple Experiment to Test the Physiological Effects of Exercise on a Model Organism. CourseSource. https://doi. org/10.24918/cs.2019. 46 Editor: Neena Grover, Colorado College Received: 5/16/2019; Accepted: 9/27/2019; Published: 12/19/2019 Copyright: © 2019 Hick, Eng, Parrotta, and Merritt. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The authors affirm that they either own the copyright to, utilize images under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, or have received written permission to use the text, figures, tables, artwork, abstract, summaries, and supporting materials. Conflict of Interest and Funding Statement: This work was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant (RGPIN-2018-05551) and Canada Research Chair (950-230113) to TJSM. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Supporting Materials: S1. Fly Exercise Lab protocol. *Correspondence to: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laurentian University. Email: tmerritt@laurentian.ca. Phone: 705-675-1151 Ext. 2189. CourseSource | www.coursesource. org 2019 | Volume 06 1 Lesson
Improving adherence and asthma outcomes in school aged children with asthma

ii Acknowledgements . iii List of Tables . ix List of Figures . x List of Abbreviations and Glossary . xi Co-Authorship Forms . xiii Chapter 1 : Introduction . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.1.1 Asthma – a chronic inflammatory condition. 1 1.1.2 The New Zealand (NZ) context . 1 1.2 Aims of the research . 3 1.3 Structure of the thesis . 3 Chapter 2 : Medication adherence: an overview . 6 2.1 Adherence – definitions in this thesis . 7 2.2 Types of non-adherence . 8 2.3 Methods to measure adherence . 9 2.3.1 Direct methods . 9 2.3.2 Indirect methods . 11 2.4 Determinants of medication adherence . 17 2.4.1 Medication adherence in chronic disease . 18 2.4.2 Medication adherence in asthma . 36 2.4.3 Medication adherence in children with asthma . 46 2.5 Strategies to improve adherence . 53 2.5.1 Adherence interventions in chronic disease . 54 2.5.2 Adherence interventions in asthma . 57 2.5. 3 Adherence interventions in children with asthma . 63 2.6 Gaps in knowledge in adherence . 64 Chapter 3 : Literature review: use of electronic adherence monitoring devices in chronic disease . 66 3.1 The role of electronic adherence monitoring in medication adherence . 66 3.2 Methodology of review . 67 3.2.1 Study selection . 67 3.2.2 Search strategy . 68 3.2.3 Study review and classification procedures . 69 3.2.4 Data extraction . 69 3.3 Results from the literature review . 70 3.3.1 Characteristics of included studies . 72 vi 3.3.2 Method of adherence feedback. 80 3.3.3 Factors affecting effectiveness of interventions . 80 3.3.4 Summary of relationships between intervention characteristics and clinical outcomes. 86 3.3.5 Patient perceptions of the intervention . 87 3.4 Discussion . 89 3.5 Conclusion . 92 Chapter 4 : Electronic monitoring devices in research and practice: a review . 94 4.1 Abstract . 95 4.2 Paper I: Adherence monitoring and e-health: how clinicians and researchers can use technology to promote inhaler adherence in asthma . 95 4.2.1 Medication adherence in asthma is suboptimal . 95 4.2.2 Why are electronic monitoring devices for inhalers needed? 95 4.2.3 Features and reliability of currently available electronic monitoring devices . 96 4.2.4 The role of electronic devices in monitoring adherence with asthma inhalers . 101 4.2.5 The role of electronic monitoring devices in adherence promotion in asthma . 101 4.3 Discussion . 102 4.3.1 What are the evidence gaps? 103 4.3.2 What are the most promising areas for use of Electronic Monitoring Devices? 104 4.3.3 Limitations of current EMDs . 105 4.3.4 Moving EMDs from research into clinical practice – what is needed? 105 Chapter 5 : Factors to consider when using electronic monitoring devices in research and practice . 107 5.1 Abstract . 108 5.2 Paper II: Using electronic monitoring devices to measure inhaler adherence: practical guide for clinicians . 108 5.2.
Desarrollo local y turismo: conceptualización, metodologías y aplicaciones

RESUMEN: El objeto de esta investigación es realizar una aproximación entre el desarrollo local (DL) y turismo, para determinar si el turismo puede ser una estrategia en el DL. En el documento se presenta la evolución, concepción y elementos de DL. Como valor agregado se han sintetizado las principales metodologías aplicadas en estos estudios. Se ha probado que existen posiciones diferenciadas entre los miembros de las comunidades que son considerados actores clave en los procesos. Finalmente, se muestran relevantes casos prácticos donde se han aplicado ambos conceptos. Palabras clave: desarrollo local, turismo, comunidad local, gobernanza ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research is to make an approximation between the local development (LD) and tourism in order to determine if the tourism can be a strategy in the LD. In the document is presented the evolution, conception and elements of LD. As an added value, the main methodologies applied in these studies have been synthesized. It has been proved that there are differentiated positions among the members of the communities that are considered key actors in the processes. Finally, practical cases are shown where both concepts have been applied.
Stationary Energy Storage System for Fast EV Charging Stations: Optimality Analysis and Results Validation

In order to minimize the peak load of electric vehicles (EVs) and enhance the resilience of fast EV charging stations, several sizing methods for deployment of the stationary energy storage system (ESS) have been proposed. However, methods for assessing the optimality of the obtained results and performance of the determined sizes under different conditions are missing. In order to address these issues, a two-step approach is proposed in this study, which comprises of optimality analysis and performance evaluation steps. In the case of optimality analysis, random sizes of battery and converter (scenarios) are generated using Monte Carlo simulations and their results are compared with the results of sizes obtained from sizing methods. In order to carry out this analysis, two performance analysis indices are proposed in this study, which are named the cost index and the power index. These indices respectively determine the performance of the determined sizes in terms of total network cost and performance ratio of power bought during peak intervals and investment cost of the ESS. During performance evaluation, the performance of the determined sizes (battery and converter) are analyzed for different seasons of the year and typical public holidays. Typical working days and holidays have been analyzed for each season of the year and suitability of the determined sizes is analyzed. Simulation results have proved that the proposed method is suitable for determining the optimality of results obtained by different sizing methods.
Structural model of anthracnose disease ( Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ) and red chili production in five production centers in East Java, Indonesia

This study sought to develop a structural model of anthracnosis disease attack and red chili production in five production centers in East Java, Indonesia, with the goal of controlling disease by way of manipulating cultivation techniques and environmental factors. This research was conducted using a field survey method in five areas of East Java red chili production during the rainy season from November 2017 to January 2018. In each area of red chili production, we surveyed 13 to 20 farmers’ gardens using purposive sampling. We analyzed the data by multivariate analysis using the SmartPLS 3.0 student version (S martPLS GmbH, Bonningstedt. Germany). The structural model showed a predictive relevance (Q2) value of 0.9809, meaning that 98.09% of the data were explained in the model and 1.91% of the data were defined as unobserved. Based on the structural model, anthracnose disease attacks are significantly affected by climate and soil variables, while cultivation techniques impose an indirect effect by way of soil variables. The harvest of red chili is also directly affected by the variable percentages of disease, soil, cultivation techniques, and geographical factors. In conclusion, our structural model of anthracnose disease attacking red chili production centers in East Java showed high predictive relevance.
MRI Reconstruction with Interpretable Pixel-Wise Operations Using Reinforcement Learning

Compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging (CS-MRI) is a technique aimed at accelerating the data acquisition of MRI. While down-sampling in k-space proportionally reduces the data acquisition time, it results in images corrupted by aliasing artifacts and blur. To reconstruct images from the down-sampled k-space, recent deep-learning based methods have shown better performance compared with classical optimization-based CS-MRI methods. However, they usually use deep neural networks as a black-box, which directly maps the corrupted images to the target images from fully-sampled k-space data. This lack of transparency may impede practical usage of such methods. In this work, we propose a deep reinforcement learning based method to reconstruct the corrupted images with meaningful pixel-wise operations (e.g. edge enhancing filters), so that the reconstruction process is transparent to users. Specifically, MRI reconstruction is formulated as Markov Decision Process with discrete actions and continuous action parameters. We conduct experiments on MICCAI dataset of brain tissues and fastMRI dataset of knee images. Our proposed method performs favorably against previous approaches. Our trained model learns to select pixel-wise operations that correspond to the anatomical structures in the MR images. This makes the reconstruction process more interpretable, which would be helpful for further medical analysis.
Where are we going with HIV vaccines

The disappointing results from the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 502 phase IIB vaccine trial (also know as the STEP trial) has caused the scientific community to pause and wonder ‘What went wrong? ’ and even worse ‘Is a vaccine against HIV possible? ’ This trial demonstrated no potential benefit of the Merck Adenovirus 5 (Ad5) HIV vaccine, and in some participants with pre-existing immunity to Ad5, increased susceptibility to HIV infection. 1 Some of the answers to the first question will come from a full analysis of this trial as well as the South African equivalent trial (HVTN 503/Phambili) that was halted last year. Attempting to answer the second question has brought about a re-think of current paradigms. This has resulted in a call for a back-tobasics approach, requiring a better understanding of both the virus and human immune responses to HIV. History of vaccination The history of vaccination is a goodnews story—one from which we need to draw encouragement and inspiration in the wake of the failed Merck Ad5 vaccine. Smallpox was eradicated by vaccination with vaccinia, a virus related to smallpox; and polio should be eradicated in the near future. We have successful vaccines against measles, hepatitis A and B and many other viral infections—we know that vaccines work and in many cases we have a good idea of how they work. Part of the difficulty in making a vaccine against HIV is that we do not know the type of immune responses to stimulate in order to provide protection against either HIV infection or to control viremia. This is because unlike other viral infections, there is no spontaneous clearance of HIV from the body: once infection is established a person is infected for life. Thus, an HIV vaccine needs to do better than nature, which is no small task. Nevertheless, the immune response against HIV is extremely potent at keeping the virus in check for many years, although as a result of its remarkable ability to mutate, HIV evades and erodes these defences, eventually causing complete immune collapse. This exceptional variability, too, presents an enormous obstacle to vaccine developers, who are finding it difficult to design a vaccine which will protect against such enormous diversity.
¿Afectan los taninos condensados de la dieta a los resultados productivos, la composición de ácidos grasos y el color de la carne de cordero?

espanolEste meta-analisis evaluo el efecto de los taninos condensados (TC) (polifenoles formados a partir de monomeros flavan-3-ol) sobre los resultados productivos, la composicion de acidos grasos y el color de la carne de cordero, a partir de los resultados de 41 publicaciones (anos 1998-2019) que permitieron realizar hasta 67 comparaciones entre lotes de corderos experimentales comparados con un lote control dentro del mismo ensayo. Estos lotes se dividieron en dos grupos, segun la diferencia de contenido de TC entre el lote control y el experimental (nivel medio, 16 g/kg MS o alto, 25 g/kg MS). Se calculo la diferencia de medias entre cada lote experimental y su lote control para ganancia media diaria, consumo medio de alimento, indice de conversion, grasa intramuscular, perfil de acidos grasos y coordenadas cromaticas de color de la carne. No se han observado diferencias significativas en los resultados productivos por la inclusion de TC en la dieta, siendo de mayor importancia el efecto de otros nutrientes de la dieta, como la proteina bruta y la grasa bruta. Se ha observado una reduccion consistente de la ratio acidos grasos saturados/acidos grasos poliinsaturados y el contenido de acido rumenico de la carne al incluir TC en la dieta. Sin embargo, la inclusion de TC en la dieta no mejoro significativamente los atributos de color de la carne respecto al lote control EnglishThis meta-analysis evaluated the effect of condensed tannins (TC) (polyphenols formed from flavan-3-ol monomers) on the growth performance, fatty acid composition and lamb meat colour, based on the results of 41 publications (years 1998-2019) that allowed making up to 67 comparisons between batches of experimental lambs compared with a control lot within the same trial. These lots were divided into two groups, according to the dietary TC content difference between the control and experimental batch (medium level, 16 g/kg DM or high, 25 g/kg DM). The mean difference between each experimental group and its control lot was calculated for average daily gain, average feed intake, feed conversion rate, intramuscular fat, fatty acid profile and chromatic meat colour attributes. No significant differences were observed in the growth performance due to dietary TC inclusion, being much important the effect of other nutrients, such as crude protein and crude fat. A consistent reduction in the ratio of saturated fatty acids/polyunsaturated fatty acids and rumenic acid content in meat was observed. However, dietary inclusion of TC did not improve meat colour attributes compared to control groups
DERRAMAMENTO DE PETRÓLEO E SEUS IMPACTOS NO AMBIENTE E NA SAÚDE HUMANA

A exploração petrolífera envolve atividades com alto índice poluidor quepodem prejudicar a qualidade da água, do solo, do ar e, consequentemente,a qualidade de vida dos seres vivos. A dependência energética mundialpautada nessa indústria causa grande exposição a desastres ambientais nasáreas exploradas, o que torna urgente a intensificação das pesquisas nessecampo. Esta revisão visou identificar estudos sobre os efeitos deletériospara o ambiente e para a saúde das populações em áreas de desastresassociados a derramamentos de óleo. Os resultados evidenciam a relaçãoentre a exposição de indivíduos a derramamentos de óleo e o consequentesurgimento de efeitos físicos, psicológicos, genotóxicos e endócrinos nessesindivíduos. Contudo, ainda é necessário o desenvolvimento de estudosaprofundados visando ao estabelecimento de níveis agudos e crônicos decontaminação e seus efeitos na saúde humana, assim como protocolosrígidos de segurança ambiental dos processos, justificados pela frequênciarelativamente alta desse tipo de desastre.
Perceived benefits of simulation-based training among nursing students of the University of Hail

Article history: Received 12 March 2018 Received in revised form 25 June 2019 Accepted 1 November 2019 This study aimed to explore the benefits perceived by nursing students at the University of Hail on a simulation-based training (SBT) for selected procedures in Critical Care Nursing Practice. Sixty-two nursing students underwent SBT using lowand high-fidelity manikins and accomplished the SBT Perception questionnaire that provided there: (1) demographic profile; (2) level of satisfaction on the SBT; (3) perceived SBT outcome in terms of their improvement in nine nursing skills; (4) perceived quality of the SBT; and (5) perceived strengths and weaknesses of the SBT for this descriptive, correlational, comparative and normative study. The student respondents were very satisfied with the SBT sessions conducted (m = 4.84, SD = 0.43). They strongly agreed with the quality of the SBT (m = 4.83, SD = 0.45). They perceived that the SBT improved their skills in performing nursing procedures (m = 4.87, SD = 0.42) and their patient teaching skills (m = 4.84, SD = 0.49). A significant high positive correlation existed between the student respondents’ total score for the perceived quality of the SBT and their total score for perceived outcomes of the SBT (p = 0.00, r = 0.82). Improvement of nursing skills through the repetition of procedures was identified as the SBT’s principal strength. This study demonstrated that the inclusion of simulation technology to the Critical Care Nursing course was viewed as a positive learning experience by the student respondents and that it is an effective method for the development of their technical and nontechnical nursing skills.
High-Precision PLL Delay Matrix With Overclocking and Double Data Rate for Accurate FPGA Time-to-Digital Converters

An extremely high-resolution, 2-D Vernier field-programmable gate array (FPGA) time-to-digital converter (TDC) with phase wrapping and averaging has been proposed recently to get an extremely fine resolution of 2.5 ps. However, the cell delays in a delay matrix are not fully controlled so that the TDC performance strongly depends on the stochastic distribution of cell delays, and the input range is limited to less than 20 ns. To achieve both high-precision phase division and wide measurement range, a phase-locked loop (PLL)-based delay matrix, which is capable of overclocking and double data rate (DDR), is proposed in this article. All delay cells are under the precise control of PLLs to generate output phases evenly divided within the reference clock period. For a concept proof, the TDC architecture is implemented on an Altera Stratix-IV FPGA chip to achieve 15.6-ps resolution. The differential nonlinearity (DNL), integral nonlinearity (INL), and rms resolution are measured to be merely −0.157 to 0.137 LSB, −0.176 to 0.184 LSB, and 1.0 LSB, which prove the superiority of the proposed structure to its stochastic counterparts. The proposed high-precision phase division technique can be applied to not only the TDC but also the digital-to-time converter (DTC) to enrich its future applications.
Orthogonal method for solving maximum correntropy‐based power system state estimation

This study introduces a robust orthogonal implementation for a new class of information theory-based state estimation algorithms that rely on the maximum correntropy criterion (MCC). They are attractive due to their capability to suppress bad data. In practice, applying the MCC concept amounts to solving a matrix equation similar to the weighted least-squares normal equation, with difference that measurement weights change as a function of iteratively adjusted observation window widths. Since widely distinct measurement weights are a source of numerical ill-conditioning, the proposed orthogonal implementation is beneficial to impart numerical robustness to the MCC solution. Furthermore, the row-processing nature of the proposed solver greatly facilitates bad data removal as soon as outliers are identified by the MCC algorithm. Another desirable feature of the orthogonal MCC estimator is that it avoids the need of post-processing stages for bad data treatment. The performance of the proposed scheme is assessed through tests conducted on the IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus, 57-bus and 118-bus test systems. Simulation results indicate that the MCC orthogonal implementation exhibits superior bad data suppression capability as compared with conventional methods. It is also advantageous in terms of computational effort, particularly as the number of simultaneous bad data grows.