Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatische Wortformerkennung im deutschen Anaylyseverfahren und Systeme. Ein Bericht über die auf dem 1. GLDV-Workshop zur automatischen Wortformerkennung in Erlangen präsentierten Entwicklungen

Als Leiter des neu ins Leben gerufenen GLDVArbeitskreises "Parsing in Morphologie und Syntax" sowie als Initiator einer geplanten neuartigen Veranstaltungsreihe, MORPHOLYMPICS, hatte Roland Hausser, Leiter der Abteilung Computerlinguistik der Universität ErlangenNürnberg, für den 14. und 15. Oktober 1993 nach Erlangen eingeladen. Die Initiative war aus der Beobachtung hervorgegangen, daß Programme zur automatischen Wortformerkennung sowohl in der Grundlagenforschung der Computerlinguistik als auch für praktische Anwendungen in der Textverarbeitung benötigt werden, eine Konsolidierung der in den vergangenen 20 Jahren entwickelten Teilergebnisse bisher jedoch nicht stattgefunden hat, nicht zuletzt auch aufgrund der schnellen Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet der Computerhardund software sowie der linguistischen Theoriebildung.
Determinants of insulin‐stimulated skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism in man

Abstract. To examine factors which influence skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis in man, we related insulin sensitivity measured by euglycaemic insulin clamp in 43 healthy males to muscle glycogen synthase (GS) activity, GS protein content (Western blot), glycogen concentrations and fibre composition. Insulin increased muscle glycogen content (P<0.05) and the change in glycogen content correlated with the GS protein content (r=0.90, P=0.01). GS protein concentration correlated inversely with age (r=‐0.69, P=0.04). Non‐oxidative glucose disposal was inversely related to per cent type 2B fibres (r=‐0.52, P< 005). The influence of age on these relationships was separately studied in young (n=12, age=26 ± 2 years) and elderly (n=15, age = 56 ± 2 years) males. Insulin increased GS activity significantly only in young subjects (from 17.8 ± 30 to 25.3 ± 3.2 nmol mg protein ' min‐1; P=0.015). GS activity and non‐oxidative glucose disposal correlated in young (r=0.69, P=001) but not in the elderly (r=0.064, P = 0.82) males, and this relationship was not influenced by the degree of obesity. In conclusion, muscle fibre type and GS activity are both determinants of muscle glycogen metabolism in healthy, normoglycae‐mic males. The close relationship between non‐oxidative glucose metabolism and GS activity in young males is altered in ageing.
The GeneCards Suite: From Gene Data Mining to Disease Genome Sequence Analyses

GeneCards, the human gene compendium, enables researchers to effectively navigate and inter‐relate the wide universe of human genes, diseases, variants, proteins, cells, and biological pathways. Our recently launched Version 4 has a revamped infrastructure facilitating faster data updates, better‐targeted data queries, and friendlier user experience. It also provides a stronger foundation for the GeneCards suite of companion databases and analysis tools. Improved data unification includes gene‐disease links via MalaCards and merged biological pathways via PathCards, as well as drug information and proteome expression. VarElect, another suite member, is a phenotype prioritizer for next‐generation sequencing, leveraging the GeneCards and MalaCards knowledgebase. It automatically infers direct and indirect scored associations between hundreds or even thousands of variant‐containing genes and disease phenotype terms. VarElect's capabilities, either independently or within TGex, our comprehensive variant analysis pipeline, help prepare for the challenge of clinical projects that involve thousands of exome/genome NGS analyses. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Combinatorial and synergistic properties of CaMV 35S enhancer subdomains.

We have analyzed expression conferred by five subdomains of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S enhancer in mature transgenic plants. Expression was detected from subdomains that gave no expression at earlier stages of development indicating developmental regulation of expression and confirming the modular organization of the enhancer. In several cases the expression patterns are highly restricted in cell type, providing useful markers for developmental studies. Comparison of expression patterns conferred by various combinations of 35S enhancer cis‐elements suggests that synergistic interactions among cis‐elements may play an important role in defining tissue‐specific expression. This has implications for the nature of a cis‐element combinatorial code that could define expression throughout development.
The socio-economic patterning of survey participation and non-response error in a multilevel study of food purchasing behaviour: area- and individual-level characteristics

Abstract Objective: To undertake an assessment of survey participation and non-response error in a population-based study that examined the relationship between socio-economic position and food purchasing behaviour. Design and setting: The study was conducted in Brisbane City (Australia) in 2000. The sample was selected using a stratified two-stage cluster design. Respondents were recruited using a range of strategies that attempted to maximise the involvement of persons from disadvantaged backgrounds: respondents were contacted by personal visit and data were collected using home-based face-to-face interviews; multiple call-backs on different days and at different times were used; and a financial gratuity was provided. Participants: Non-institutionalised residents of private dwellings (n = 1003), located in 50 small areas that differed in their socio-economic characteristics. Results: Rates of survey participation – measured by non-contacts, exclusions, dropped cases, response rates and completions – were similar across areas, suggesting that residents of socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged areas were equally likely to be recruited. Individual-level analysis, however, showed that respondents and non-respondents differed significantly in their sociodemographic and food purchasing characteristics: non-respondents were older, less educated and exhibited different purchasing behaviours. Misclassification bias probably accounted for the inconsistent pattern of association between the area- and individual-level results. Estimates of bias due to non-response indicated that although respondents and non-respondents were qualitatively different, the magnitude of error associated with this differential was minimal. Conclusions: Socio-economic position measured at the individual level is a strong and consistent predictor of survey non-participation. Future studies that set out to examine the relationship between socio-economic position and diet need to adopt sampling strategies and data collection methods that maximise the likelihood of recruiting participants from all points on the socio-economic spectrum, and particularly persons from disadvantaged backgrounds. Study designs that are not sensitive to the difficulties associated with recruiting a socio-economically representative sample are likely to produce biased estimates (underestimates) of socio-economic differences in the dietary outcome being investigated.
Longitudinal Analysis of Renal Function using ZIP GEE on OLT Transplant Patients Undergoing NAC Prophylaxis

Organ dysfunction is associated with oxidative stress following Orthotropic Liver Transplant (OLT) surgery. N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) is an acetylated form of the amino acid cysteine. NAC is known to replenish glutathione in the bloodstream which helps relieve cell damage caused by oxidative stress. NAC was used in a placebo controlled study to discover its effects on organ dysfunction caused by oxidative stress following OLT surgery. A standard NAC treatment, as used to treat acetaminophen toxicity, was used as a treatment during surgery. Measures of hepatic and renal dysfunction were recorded at unequally spaced time-points for a follow-up time of one year. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) approach was used to model continuous hepatic responses. Discrete renal dysfunction responses are shown to follow a unique distribution. This unique distribution was accommodated by the GEE procedure proposed by Liang and Zeger to produce consistent and efficient estimates of the treatment effect of NAC. The estimates produced contradictory results for a hypothesized protective effect of NAC against hepatic dysfunction. The public health relevance of this work is that NAC treatment, if shown to be efficacious with respect to renal function, can benefit over six thousand OLT patients each year.
Exchange of Inoculum of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Hyphomycetes) Between Adult Flies of the Cabbage Maggot Delia radicum L. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

Adult cabbage maggots ( Delia radicum L.) were exposed to dry conidia of isolates of several hyphomycetous fungi by placing them in a centrifuge tube containing conidia, then releasing them into small screened plastic cages. Mortality was assessed after 48, 120 and 160 h. A Beauveria bassiana isolate (P89 from Musca domestica ) caused the highest mortality after 48 h, resulting in 100% mortality and 100% infection. Isolate L90 ( B. bassiana ) and one Metarhizium anisopliae isolate (ARSEF 2521) also caused fatal infection in more than 50% of the flies. To investigate exchange of inoculum, flies were placed in a small container with a dry powder formulation containing B. bassiana (Mycotrol ® ) on the bottom. The flies were removed to small screened cages containing untreated flies. This experiment confirmed the ability of flies to pass inoculum to other flies. In a similar experiment, one treated fly was placed in each cage with one untreated fly. When each fly died, one untreated fly was added to each cage after the dead fly was removed. This study showed that fly to fly transfer of fatal doses of inoculum was possible for a series of at least six flies. When female flies were exposed to the inoculum, then transferred to small cages containing males and an oviposition substrate, no eggs were laid. Further studies are being conducted to develop a system where flies attracted to a trap will be inoculated with the fungus and spread it to a field population.
Vegetable and Fruit Intakes of On-Reserve First Nations Schoolchildren Compared to Canadian Averages and Current Recommendations

This study investigated, in on-reserve First Nations (FN) youth in Ontario, Canada, the following: (a) the intakes of vegetable and fruit, “other” foods and relevant nutrients as compared to current recommendations and national averages, (b) current prevalence rates of overweight and obesity and (c) the relationship between latitude and dietary intakes. Twenty-four-hour diet recalls were collected via the Waterloo Web-Based Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (WEB-Q) (n = 443). Heights and weights of participants were self reported using measured values and Body Mass Index was categorized using the International Obesity Task Force cutoffs. Food group and nutrient intakes were compared to current standards, Southern Ontario Food Behaviour data and the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, using descriptive statistics. Mean vegetable and fruit, fibre and folate intakes were less than current recommendations. Girls aged 14–18 years had mean intakes of vitamin A below current recommendations for this sub-group; for all sub-groups, mean intakes of vegetables and fruit were below Canadian averages. All sub-groups also had intakes of all nutrients and food groups investigated that were less than those observed in non-FN youth from Southern Ontario, with the exception of “other” foods in boys 12–18 years. Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 31.8% and 19.6%, respectively, exceeding rates in the general population. Dietary intakes did not vary consistently by latitude (n = 248), as revealed by ANOVA. This study provided a unique investigation of the dietary intakes of on-reserve FN youth in Ontario and revealed poor intakes of vegetables and fruit and related nutrients and high intakes of “other” foods. Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity exceed those of the general population.
Endothelial Nuclear Patterns in the Canine Arterial Tree with Particular Reference to Hemodynamic Events

The objective of the study was (1) to measure systematically the orientation, morphology, and population density of endothelial nuclei of the canine thoracic aorta and its major branches and (2) to obtain evidence in a chronic in vivo preparation that altered flow patterns do indeed change patterns of nuclear orientation. For this purpose, a segment of the descending thoracic aorta was removed, opened longitudinally, and reclosed to form a tube with a new longitudinal axis 90° from the original vessel axis. The new segment was then sutured back in place. The animals were killed at suitable postoperative periods. Endothelial nuclear patterns were studied from en face photomicrographs of preparations stained with Evans blue dye. Results indicated: (1) In uniform vessel segments, e.g., middle and lower descending thoracic aorta, the nuclei were oriented parallel to the axis of the blood vessel, and the ratio of major to minor axes of the nucleus was large. The flow in these regions is known to be stable. (2) Nonaxial, less-ordered nuclear orientation with smaller ratios of major to minor axes were found in entrance regions of many major arteries and in the ascending aorta. (3) In chronic studies in which the flow pattern was altered, the nuclear pattern realigned in the direction of flow within 10 days after surgery.
An Overview of Biomineralization Processes and the Problem of the Vital Effect

“Biomineralization links soft organic tissues, which are compositionally akin to the atmosphere and oceans, with the hard materials of the solid Earth. It provides organisms with skeletons and shells while they are alive, and when they die these are deposited as sediment in environments from river plains to the deep ocean floor. It is also these hard, resistant products of life which are mainly responsible for the Earth’s fossil record. Consequently, biomineralization involves biologists, chemists, and geologists in interdisciplinary studies at one of the interfaces between Earth and life. ” (Leadbeater and Riding 1986) Biomineralization refers to the processes by which organisms form minerals. The control exerted by many organisms over mineral formation distinguishes these processes from abiotic mineralization. The latter was the primary focus of earth scientists over the last century, but the emergence of biogeochemistry and the urgency of understanding the past and future evolution of the Earth are moving biological mineralization to the forefront of various fields of science, including the earth sciences. The growth in biogeochemistry has led to a number of new exciting research areas where the distinctions between the biological, chemical, and earth sciences disciplines melt away. Of the wonderful topics that are receiving renewed attention, the study of biomineral formation is perhaps the most fascinating. Truly at the interface of earth and life, biomineralization is a discipline that is certain to see major advancements as a new generation of scientists brings cross-disciplinary training and new experimental and computational methods to the most daunting problems. It is, however, by no means a new field. The first book on biomineralization was published in 1924 in German by W.J. Schmidt (Schmidt 1924), and the subject has continued to intrigue a dedicated community of scientists for many years. Until the early 1980s the field was known as …
Time course of the human pulmonary vascular response to 8 hours of isocapnic hypoxia.

To examine the hypothesis that the human pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia has a component with a slow time course, we measured pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in six healthy adult males during 8 h of isocapnic hypoxia. A balloon-tipped pulmonary artery catheter with thermistor was introduced via a forearm vein and used to derive PVR. The subjects were seated in a chamber in which the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations were adjusted to maintain an end-tidal Po2 of 50 Torr and an end-tidal Pco2 equal to the subject's normal prehypoxic value. PVR was measured before and at 0.5-h intervals during 8 h of hypoxia, the following 3 h of isocapnic euoxia (end-tidal Po2 100 Torr), and a subsequent 1-h reexposure to hypoxia. PVR rose from 1.23 +/- 0.26 (SE) Torr-min.1(-1) under euoxia [time (t) = 0] to 1.77 +/- 0.21 Torr.min.1(-1) at t = 0.5 h, reached a maximum at 2 h (2.91 +/- 0.33 Torr.min.1(-1)), and remained fairly constant between 2 and 8 h. Restoration of euoxia at 8 h led to a reduction in PVR with a slow component. Reexposure to hypoxia at 11 h resulted in a greater increase in PVR than at 1 h. Systemic vascular resistance had a similar slow component to its response, falling from 18.6 +/- 1.3 Torr.min.1(-1) at t = 0 to 17.3 +/- 1.4 Torr.min.1(-1) at t = 0.5 h, 14.4 +/- 0.6 Torr.min.1(-1) at t = 4 h, and 13.8 +/- 0.8 Torr.min.1(-1) at t = 8 h. The human pulmonary and systemic vascular responses to hypoxia extend over at least several hours.
P2O-1 A Three-Port Acoustic Lattice Model for Piezoelectric Transducers Containing Opposing Zones of Polarization

Inversion Layer Transducers (ILT) have attracted considerable interest in the recent past, due to the wide bandwidth and even harmonic sensitivity. This paper presents a new three-port lattice model for ILT devices. Based on linear systems theory, a discrete bi-directional lattice is used to describe the mechanical wave propagation and continuous transfer function to represent the electrical parameter. The mathematical formulation for an ILT configuration, and a straightforward physical interpretation of the lattice model is presented. A selection of experimental and simulation results are included to demonstrate the feasibility of the technique
Psychosocial needs of children undergoing an invasive procedure for a CHD and their parents

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the psychosocial needs of both parents of children with CHD (aged 0–18 years) and patients themselves (aged 8–18 years) in the week before cardiac surgery or a catheter intervention. Patients Eligible participants included all consecutive patients (0–18 years) scheduled to undergo cardiac surgery or a catheter intervention in our hospital between March, 2012 and July, 2013. Psychosocial needs were assessed using a disease-specific questionnaire designed for this study, consisting of a 83-item parent version and a 59-item child version (for children ⩾8 years), each covering five domains: physical/medical, emotional, social, educational/occupational, and health behaviour; two items assessed from whom and in what format psychosocial care was preferred. Quality of life was also assessed. Interventions If parents/patients reported a need for psychosocial care, referral to adequate mental health-care professionals was arranged. Results More than 40% of participating parents and >50% of participating children reported a need for psychosocial care on each of the five domains. Needs for psychosocial care for parents themselves were highest for those with children aged 0–12 years. Parents and patients report clear preferences when asked from whom and in what format they would like to receive psychosocial care. Quality of life was relatively high for both parents and patients. Psychosocial care interventions in our hospital increased significantly after the implementation of this study. Conclusions Results show that psychosocial care is rated as (very) important by both parents and children during an extremely stressful period of their life.
La diversité linguistique et culturelle relative à l'orientation spatiale chez l'enfant et l'enseignant à l'école primaire au Maroc

Suite aux travaux en psycholinguistique et en psychologie interculturelle lies aux cadres de reference spatiale, nous avons choisi d’investiguer ce domaine en nous focalisant sur la zone geographique de Guelmime, dans le sud-ouest marocain. Dans cette etude, nous nous proposons de repondre a deux questions principales : Comment les enfants marocains âges de 6 a 9 ans, locuteurs de l’arabe dialectal marocain, du tachelhit et du francais designent l’orientation dans l’espace dans chacune de ces trois langues ? Quels sont les facteurs qui influencent ces designations ? Pour repondre a ces questions, nous avons realise une analyse du vocabulaire spatial en arabe dialectal marocain, en tachelhit et en francais a partir de collectes de corpus. Deux etudes ont ete realisees. La premiere, une tâche d’orientation, a ete effectuee par des eleves âges de 6-7 ans et 8-9 ans. Si les resultats lies a toutes les langues du recueil montrent que le mode d’orientation qu’utilisent les eleves est soumis a un effet de la scolarisation lie a l’âge et a la duree de l’enseignement, les resultats lies a chaque langue montrent qu’il y a un effet de l’ecole frequentee dans le mode d’orientation utilise. Quant a la deuxieme etude, il s’agit d’une tâche de positionnement d’objets, realisee avec des enseignants de l’ecole primaire au Maroc, dans les trois langues. Les resultats montrent que dans toutes les langues du recueil, la meme tendance est visible. Cette etude nous a permis d’entrevoir les difficultes a evaluer selon un protocole experimental controle les preferences linguistiques en lien avec telle ou telle langue dans un contexte plurilinguistique naturel et scolaire. En outre, ces recherches s’ouvrent sur l’importance de prendre en compte des contraintes liees au developpement cognitif et au mode d’acquisition des langues par des enfants scolarises.
Demonstration of acquisition of trauma management skills by senior medical students completing the ATLS Program.

OBJECTIVE To assess the teaching effectiveness of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Program among senior medical students. DESIGN, MATERIALS, AND METHODS We used objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and multiple choice question (MCQ) testing to assess 40 senior medical students (20 ATLS and 20 non-ATLS) at the University of Toronto. Pre- and post-ATLS, all students had four 15-minute OSCE stations and a 40-item MCQ test. The pre- and post-ATLS performance for the ATLS and non-ATLS group were compared. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Cronbach's reliability coefficients were 0.81 and 0.93 for the pre- and post-ATLS OSCEs. The mean (+/- SD) OSCE scores at the four pre-ATLS OSCE stations were 7.6 +/- 2.8, 7.4 +/- 2.3, 8.3 +/- 2.7, and 10.5 +/- 3.4 for the ATLS group and 6.5 +/- 2.1, 7.0 +/- 2.2, 7.6 +/- 2.5, and 9.6 +/- 3.1 for the non-ATLS group (p = NS). Post-ATLS scores for the four OSCE stations were: 15.5 +/- 1.6, 14.1 +/- 3.2, 12.3 +/- 2.9, and 18.3 +/- 1.0 (ATLS group) and 7.9 +/- 3.5, 6.3 +/- 2.8, 7.6 +/- 2.3, and 10.9 +/- 3.3 (non-ATLS group: p < 0.01). Pre-ATLS MCQ scores were 49 +/- 9 and 52 +/- 8% for the ATLS and non-ATLS groups respectively; the ATLS group increased MCQ scores to 83 +/- 5% and the non-ATLS group did not change (53 +/- 8%). Pre-ATLS scores for adherence to priorities were: 35 +/- 14% (ATLS) and 29 +/- 13% (non-ATLS: p = NS). Post-ATLS scores were 99 +/- 6% (ATLS) and 29 +/- 19% (non-ATLS; p < 0.01). The pre-ATLS organized approach to trauma ratings (range 1 to 5) were: 1.9 +/- 1.5 (ATLS) and 1.6 +/- 0.5 (non-ATLS; p = NS) compared to post-ATLS grades of 4.6 +/- 0.4 (ATLS) and 1.7 +/- 0.5 (non-ATLS: p < 0.01). All 20 students passed the ATLS course. CONCLUSION Using highly reliable trauma OSCE stations we have demonstrated trauma management skills acquisition by senior medical students after the ATLS course.