Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatische Sacherschließung elektronischer Dokumente

Repositorien sind nun schon seit einiger Zeit aus der Bibliotheksinfrastruktur nicht mehr wegzudenken. Ein ungelostes Problem ist jedoch die uneinheitliche Sacherschliesung der in ihnen abgelegten Dokumente: Die in der Praxis beobachtbare Palette reicht von freien Schlagwortern uber kontrollierte Vokabulare bis hin zu unterschiedlichen Fach- und Universalklassifikationen. Dadurch wird aktuell ein repositorienubergreifender, sachbezogener Zugang verhindert. Der Vortrag stellt das DFG-Projekt Automatische Anreicherung von OAI-Metadaten vor. In Kooperation mit dem Institut fur Texttechnologie an der Universitat Bielefeld und dem Institut fur Informatik (Abteilung Automatische Sprachverarbeitung) der Universitat Leipzig werden im Rahmen des Projekts die Sacherschliesungsinformationen in OAI-Metadaten normalisiert. Erreicht wird die Normalisierung durch die automatische Vergabe von Klassifikationsnotationen -- zunachst aus der Dewey Dezimalklassifikation. Ziele des Projekts sind unter anderem die Weiterentwicklung der Bielefelder Wissenschaftssuchmaschine Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE) sowie die semantische Vernetzung von Repositorien. Letzteres soll ermoglicht werden, indem die angereicherten Metadaten den Ursprungsrepositorien bzw. virtuellen Fachbibliotheken zur Nachnutzung wieder zur Verfugung gestellt werden.
Error Diagnosis in the FreeText Project

This paper presents an overview of the research conducted within the FreeText project to build an automatic error diagnosis system for learners of French as a foreign language. After a brief review of the main features of the project and of the learner corpus collected and used within the project, the paper focuses on the error diagnosis system itself and, more specifically, on two of its components: (a) a syntactic checker making use of two different diagnosis techniques to detect errors of purely grammatical nature and (b) a sentence comparison tool which compares learners' answers with those stored in the system to detect possible semantic discrepancies such as referents or word usage. Advantages of such an automatic system and ideas for further research are then discussed.
Contact, Perspective Taking, and Anxiety as Predictors of Stereotype Endorsement, Explicit Attitudes, and Implicit Attitudes

We proposed a model of intergroup contact wherein contact promotes understanding of outgroup perspectives, perspective taking relates to reduced intergroup anxiety that in turn is associated with lessened stereotyping and more positive intergroup attitudes. Additionally, we examined if implicit attitudes followed this model or were directly impacted by contact. White undergraduates (n = 153) completed measures of contact, perspective taking, intergroup anxiety, stereotype endorsement, and implicit and explicit intergroup attitudes. Our model fitted the data well but explained explicit attitudes and stereotyping better than implicit attitudes. Supporting an environmental association interpretation, contact was the only significant predictor of implicit attitudes. Findings support a dual-process model wherein implicit and explicit attitudes represent separate constructs and support the value of contact in improving intergroup attitudes.
Prototipo de formulación a base de Rhodotorula mucilaginosa para el control de Botrytis cinerea en Rosas

Productive systems of cut roses for exportation, have important challenges due to the presence of various plant pathogens in such crops. Botrytis cinerea is one of the most important pathogen microorganism because of its persistence and number of alternative hosts plants . International markets are very demanding in terms of environmentally sustainable crop management, which has forced for the implementation of strategies for biological control of diseases. The phyllosphere yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginous (Lv20) with biocontrol potential against B. cinerea , was employed in this study in order to generate a solid prototype formulation to achieve both, the stability of its activity and cell viability over time . The use of the mix of synthetic and naturally occurring polymers allowed to maintain the viability of this strain for 90 days at 1,90x10 9 celulas.mL -1 at a 25 ° C in a liquid formulation. Likewise, the prototype formulation using mannitol as a nucleating agent in a granular solid formulation, allowed obtaining a cell viability of 1.2x10 8 celulas.gr -1 after 90 days of storage at 4 °C, maintaining a biocontrol activity equal to the fresh strain with or without formulation. These results allow us to suggest that the formulation prototypes using R. mucilaginous yeast, is a promising alternative for the control of B. cinerea in post-harvest management of roses. Key words : Yeast; grey mold; solid formulation; biopolymers; biological control; postharvest.
Investigating Behavioral Explanations for Asymmetric Price Competition

Asymmetric price competition in consumer packaged goods is a well-known phenomenon. Researchers have proposed three behavioral explanations: (1) heterogeneity in consumer preference, (2) the income effect, and (3) the reference and loss-aversion effects. These explanations have been offered independently by different researchers using different types of data with different methodology. Despite the interest in asymmetric price competition by the marketing community, no attempt has been made to compare across the three explanations and draw an inference on which one is most likely. The objectives of this paper are three-folds. Firstly, important factors when studying asymmetric price competition are discussed. These include, (1) confounding of the supply-side and demand-side factors when analyzing aggregate data, such as market share, and (2) an appropriate measure for asymmetric price competition as the change in market share of a brand for a unit price change of a competing brand. Second, based on these considerations, theoretical arguments against previous explanations are provided. (1) The Heterogeneity Effect: Aggregate data is analyzed and cross-price elasticity is used. The explanation is inferred indirectly. (2) Income effect: Infinite divisibility of goods is assumed. (3) Loss-aversion effect: Household heterogeneity is not well accounted for. These claims are then supported empirically using scanner-panel data from four categories. Third, an alternative explanation is proposed to show that a basic assumption of consumer utility in Microeconomic theory, the diminishing-marginal-return effect in price, results in asymmetric competition. It was shown that the concavity (i.e., the diminishing-marginal-return effect) in price was stronger than that of logarithm in all four product categories.
Study Regarding the Behaviour of Glass-ionomer Cements in Different Acidic Solutions

The purpose of the study is to assess and compare the effects of different antiseptic mouthrinse solutions on traditional glass-ionomer cements. Thirty samples of three traditional glass-ionomer cements used for base: Ketac Molar Easymix (3M ESPE), for restoration: Fuji IX (GC Corporation) and for sealing: Fuji Triage (GC Corporation) were included into three groups. In group 1, the samples were immersed for 14 days, twice a day one minute each, in Listerine Cool Mint, in group 2 the samples were immersed for 14 days, twice a day one minute each, in Parodontax Extra in group 3, the samples were immersed for 14 days, twice a day one minute each, in Sensodine Cool Mint. In control group the samples were immersed in artificial saliva. Within each group, sub-groups were established according the time of cement ageing (one day,seven days and fourteen days). The samples were analyzed for surface topography using a scanning electron microscope and for chemical composition using EDX detector. The antibacterial mouthrinse solutions Listerine, Parodontax, and Sensodine have an erosive effect on traditional Fuji IX, Ketac Molar and Fuji Triage glass-ionomer cements. The most affected cement by erosive action was Ketac Molar, followed by Fuji IX and Fuji Triage. All three glass-ionomer cements tested in this study proved to be more resistant to erosive action after their ageing.
Boundary element method modelling of KEMAR for binauralrendering: Mesh production and validation

Head and torso simulators are used extensively within acoustic research, often in place of human subjects in time-consuming or repetitive experiments. Particularly common is the Knowles Electronics Manikin for Acoustic Research (KEMAR), which has the acoustic auditory properties of an average human head. As an alternative to physical acoustic measurements, the boundary element method (BEM) is widely used to calculate the propagation of sound using computational models of a scenario. Combining this technique with a compatible 3D surface mesh of KEMAR would allow for detailed binaural analysis of speaker distributions and decoder design - without the disadvantages associated with making physical measurements. This paper details the development and validation of a BEM-compatible mesh model of KEMAR, based on the original computer-aided design (CAD) file and valid up to 20 kHz. Use of the CAD file potentially allows a very close match to be achieved between the mesh and the physical manikin. The mesh is consistent with the original CAD description, both in terms of overall volume and of local topology, and the numerical requirements for BEM compatibility have been met. Computational limitations restrict usage of the mesh in its current state, so simulation accuracy cannot as yet be compared with acoustically measured HRTFs. Future work will address the production of meshes suitable for use in BEM with lower computational requirements, using the process validated in this work
Multi-Dimensional Performance Measurement Practices in Developing Countries: A Literature Review and Future Research Direction

This study reviews work on multi-dimensional performance measurement (MPM) and MPM tools such as the balanced scorecard (BSC) in developing countries. 103 papers published by accounting, performance measurement and management journals between 1987 and 2013 are analysed according to their topics, settings, theories and research methods. The principal findings are that firms in developing countries: use MPM but rates vary between countries; BSC was a popular MPM tool; MPM usage was related to varied internal and external factors; the manufacturing sector was the main focus of MPM research; and most studies fail to explicitly articulate their theoretical perspective, identify research gaps or reveal their research motivation. Following this review on MPM usage, MPM in developing countries is presented, and important future research directions identified and presented in the form of research questions.
Phenolic Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon Wines Increase with Vineyard Altitude in a High-altitude Region

Altitude, as an important factor in the expression of terroir, may affect wine quality. We evaluated the effect of altitude and its related climatic conditions on the phenolic characteristics and antioxidant activity of red wines made from grapes originating from high-altitude areas. The content of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and total anthocyanins increased with altitude in Merlot (ME) and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) wines. Cabernet Sauvignon wines showed richer tannins with increasing altitude. Merlot and CS wines from higher altitude vineyards, showed a greater antioxidant capacity. Salicylic acid, syringic acid, caffeic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, and the sum of individual phenolic compounds in the wines increased with altitude based on the results of HPLC. The scores of the sensory evaluation of ME wines increased with higher altitude. The highest score was determined for CS wine originating from 2 608 m. A clear grouping of wines according to grape cultivar and vineyard altitude was observed by principal component analysis. Regression analysis showed that altitude, followed by sunshine hours, made the greatest contribution to differences in the phenolic characteristics and antioxidant activity of red wines at different sites in a high-altitude region.
Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Lao People's Democratic Republic: A Structural Equation Modeling Study

This article is a documentary research by using secondary data. The objective of this research is to study the structural causal relation model of factors affecting toward growth of small and medium enterprises in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The conceptual framework of this research based on theory of Entrepreneurs, theory of the Growth of Firm, Resource-Based theory and theory of Entrepreneurial Competencies in order to describe the relation between the factors affecting toward growth of the firm. The research findings showed that the Key elements of direct and indirect affecting on the growth of small and medium enterprises, including factors of competitive advantage, characteristic of Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurial Competencies and Business Alliance.
Simulated oxygen isotopes in cave drip water and speleothem calcite in European caves

Interpreting stable oxygen isotope (δ 18 O) records from stalagmites is still one of the complex tasks in speleothem research. Here, we present a novel model-based approach, where we force a model describing the processes and modifications of δ 18 O from rain water to speleothem calcite (Oxygen isotope Drip water and Stalagmite Model – ODSM) with the results of a state-of-the-art atmospheric general circulation model enhanced by explicit isotope diagnostics (ECHAM5-wiso). The approach is neither climate nor cave-specific and allows an integrated assessment of the influence of different varying climate variables, e.g. temperature and precipitation amount, on the isotopic composition of drip water and speleothem calcite. First, we apply and evaluate this new approach under present-day climate conditions using observational data from seven caves from different geographical regions in Europe. Each of these caves provides measured δ 18 O values of drip water and speleothem calcite to which we compare our simulated isotope values. For six of the seven caves modeled δ 18 O values of drip water and speleothem calcite are in good agreement with observed values. The mismatch of the remaining caves might be caused by the complexity of the cave system, beyond the parameterizations included in our cave model. We then examine the response of the cave system to mid-Holocene (6000 yr before present, 6 ka) climate conditions by forcing the ODSM with ECHAM5-wiso results from 6 ka simulations. For a set of twelve European caves, we compare the modeled mid-Holocene-to-modern difference in speleothem calcite δ 18 O to available measurements. We show that the general European changes are simulated well. However, local discrepancies are found, and might be explained either by a too low model resolution, complex local soil-atmosphere interactions affecting evapotranspiration or by cave specific factors such as non-equilibrium fractionation processes. The mid-Holocene experiment pronounces the potential of the presented approach to analyse δ 18 O variations on a spatially large (regional to global) scale. Modelled as well as measured European δ 18 O values of stalagmite samples suggest the presence of a strong, positive mode of the North Atlantic Oscillation at 6 ka before present, which is supported by the respective modelled climate parameters.
Is Uninsurable Consumption Risk Priced

We argue that under incomplete consumption insurance consumption risk can be decomposed into two parts, insurable consumption risk (that can be hedged using …nancial instruments) and uninsurable consumption risk (caused by the incompleteness of consumption insurance) and examine whether exposure to uninsurable consumption risk helps explain expected returns. Exploiting household quarterly consumption data from the US CES, we …nd that uninsurable consumption risk, as captured by the rates of change in the normalized cross-sectional (stockholder) consumption moments of order two to four, is separately priced. There is no evidence that insurable risk in the consumption of stockholders is signi…cantly rewarded in the stock market. The set of the Fama-French (1993) three risk factors and the set of the consumption moment (of order up to four) risk factors both have pricing signi…cance when tested against each other in an integrated framework.
Grammarly as a Tool to Improve Students’ Writing Quality: Free Online-Proofreader across the Boundaries

This study aims at finding out whether the use of Grammarly could improve the students' writing quality related to writing descriptive. This study is conducted based on the lecturer's observation which implied that students had a problem with grammar and diction. From the interview, the lecturer said that the students felt bored and uninterested in writing. Moreover, most of the students thought that writing in English is so difficult. In order to overcome the problems, the researchers collaborated with the lecturer conducted an action research which involved 40 students. The research data were collected by three instruments, i.e. interview, students’ essays, and questionnaires. Then, the findings show that when Grammarly is used in teaching descriptive, there are 32 (82%) out of 40 students passed the passing grade. The researchers concluded that Grammarly can be used as an appropriate tool to minimize errors and improve students’ writing quality. Keywords : Writing quality; improvement; online-proofreader
Developmental environment has long-lasting effects on behavioural performance in two turtles with environmental sex determination

Charnov and Bull (1977) originally predicted that environmental sex determination (ESD) can evolve when the developmental environment differentially affects male and female fitness. While developmental temperature is known to affect hatchling performance in reptiles with ESD, this reaction norm can provide the conditions to favour ESD only if the effects are long-lasting. We incubated eggs of Graptemys ouachitensis, an emydid turtle with ESD, at temperatures previously found to affect hatchling righting response. We tested righting response in both hatchlings and turtles raised in the laboratory for 1 year, and also examined the effects of testing temperature and social interactions on righting response. Turtles incubated at 30C righted more quickly than turtles incubated at 25C both as hatchlings and yearlings, and this effect was robust to testing temperature or rearing conditions. We found a similar reaction norm of temperature on righting response in Trachemys scripta elegans, another emydid turtle with ESD. These results demonstrate that incubation temperature can have long-lasting effects on performance in reptiles with ESD, and may provide the conditions required to favour the evolution of ESD.
Reflection rigidity of 2‐spherical Coxeter groups

We prove that each finitely generated, irreducible and 2‐spherical Coxeter system (W, S) is strongly reflection rigid whenever the group W is of infinite order. This means in particular that all reflection‐preserving automorphisms of such a group are inner‐by‐graph. Our result can be seen as a first major step towards a proof of the conjecture that all infinite, irreducible Coxeter systems are strongly reflection rigid if they do not admit diagram twists.
Characterization of marine bacteriophages isolated from the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean)

It has been shown recently that viruses are important agents for the bacterial mortality in marine ecosystems. In this study, 26 bacteriophages were isolated from the Alboran Sea and subsequently characterized in order to determine the diversity of the viral community in this marine environment. All the host bacteria were Gram-negative motile rods, and were unable to grow in media without NaCl. Bacteriophages contained DNA, were not sensitive to chloroform (except phage 16), and showed a close and narrow host range. Morphological studies revealed that most of them were included in two of the three tailed families of the Caudovirales order (viruses belonging to the Podoviridae family were not observed). All bacteriophages had icosahedral heads, the most abundant size class being those ranging from 30 to 60 nm in diameter. The protein profiles of viral clones showed higher variability than that observed by morphological analyses. Phages were grouped in 11 classes on the basis of the protein patterns. In short, phage-host systems analysed in this study are a diverse group and representative of the marine viral community. For this reason, they can be considered as models in studies on the interaction between viral and bacterial communities.
Unravelling the microbial role in ooid formation – results of an in situ experiment in modern freshwater Lake Geneva in Switzerland

The microbial role in the formation of the cortex of low‐Mg calcite freshwater ooids in western part of Lake Geneva in Switzerland has been suggested previously, but not demonstrated conclusively. Early work mostly concentrated in hypersaline milieus, and hence little is known about their genesis in freshwater environments. We designed an in situ experiment to mimic the natural process of low‐Mg calcite precipitation. A special device was placed in the ooid‐rich bank of the lake. It contained frosted glass (SiO2) slides, while quartz (SiO2) is the most abundant mineral composition of ooid nuclei that acted as artificial substrates to favour microbial colonization. Microscopic inspection of the slides revealed a clear seasonal pattern of carbonate precipitates, which were always closely associated with biofilms that developed on the surface of the frosted slides containing extracellular polymeric substance, coccoid and filamentous cyanobacteria, diatoms and heterotrophic bacteria. Carbonate precipitation peaks during early spring and late summer, and low‐Mg calcite crystals mostly occur in close association with filamentous and coccoid cyanobacteria (e.g. Tolypothrix, Oscillatoria and Synechococcus, Anacystis, respectively). Further scanning electron microscope inspection of the samples revealed low‐Mg calcite with crystal forms varying from anhedral to euhedral rhombohedra, depending on the seasons. Liquid cultures corroborate the in situ observations and demonstrate that under the same physicochemical conditions the absence of biofilms prevents the precipitation of low‐Mg calcite crystals.
Coexistence of High-Bit-Rate Quantum Key Distribution and Data on Optical Fiber

Quantum key distribution (QKD) uniquely allows the distribution of cryptographic keys with security verified by quantum mechanical limits. Both protocol execution and subsequent applications require the assistance of classical data communication channels. While using separate fibers is one option, it is economically more viable if data and quantum signals are simultaneously transmitted through a single fiber. However, noise-photon contamination arising from the intense data signal has severely restricted both the QKD distances and secure key rates. Here, we exploit a novel temporal-filtering effect for noisephoton rejection. This allows high-bit-rate QKD over fibers up to 90 km in length and populated with error-free bidirectional Gb=s data communications. With a high-bit rate and range sufficient for important information infrastructures, such as smart cities and 10-Gbit Ethernet, QKD is a significant step closer toward wide-scale deployment in fiber networks.