Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiated and guided waves in planar dipole arrays

In this theoretical study eigenfields of a periodical arrangement of longitudinally directed dipoles on an infinite plane are considered. The dipoles are small wire antennas, which are close to each other forming an infinite dipole array. The coupling between the antenna elements is taken into account. An analytical solution for waves propagating along this dipole array structure is considered. Radiated and guided-wave solutions are possible depending on the properties of the loaded dipole scatterers. This kind of structure can be used as a planar leaky wave antenna.
Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Retrovirus particles with type C morphology were found in two T-cell lymphoblastoid cell lines, HUT 102 and CTCL-3, and in fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from a patient with a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides). The cell lines continuously produce these viruses, which are collectively referred to as HTLV, strain CR (HTLVCR). Originally, the production of virus from HUT 102 cells required induction with 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine, but the cell line became a constitutive producer of virus at its 56th passage. Cell line CTCL-3 has been a constitutive producer of virus from its second passage in culture. Both mature and immature extracellular virus particles were seen in thin-section electron micrographs of fixed, pelleted cellular material; on occasion, typical type C budding virus particles were seen. No form of intracellular virus particle has been seen. Mature particles were 100–110 nm in diameter, consisted of an electron-dense core surrounded by an outer membrane separated by an electron-lucent region, banded at a density of 1.16 g/ml on a continuous 25–65% sucrose gradient, and contained 70S RNA and a DNA polymerase activity typical of viral reverse transcriptase (RT; RNA-dependent DNA nucleotidyltransferase). Under certain conditions of assay, HTLVCR RT showed cation preference for Mg2+ over Mn2+, distinct from the characteristics of cellular DNA polymerases purified from human lymphocytes and the RT from most type C viruses. Antibodies to cellular DNA polymerase γ and antibodies against RT purified from several animal retroviruses failed to detectably interact with HTLVCR RT under conditions that were positive for the respective homologous DNA polymerase, demonstrating a lack of close relationship of HTLVCR RT to cellular DNA polymerases γ or RT of these viruses. Six major proteins, with sizes of approximately 10,000, 13,000, 19,000, 24,000, 42,000, and 52,000 daltons, were apparent when doubly banded, disrupted HTLVCR particles were chromatographed on a NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel. The number of these particle-associated proteins is consistent with the expected proteins of a retrovirus, but the sizes of some are distinct from those of most known retroviruses of the primate subgroups.
Satellite super-resolution images depending on deep learning methods: A comparative study

The deep learning neural network is a recent development that has become the subject of research in the computer vision and remote sensing disciplines. Super resolution (SR) images can be obtained using deep neural network methods that achieve a higher performance than all previous traditional methods. Here, in this study, the objective is to describe existing deep learning methods for SR satellite images. Different satellite data are used to predict the performance of each deep learning model. This article presents a brief overview of most deep learning techniques and compares them to obtain a more effective and efficient model. The deep network cascade model outperforms other deep learning algorithms; this algorithm is dependable in the reconstruction process for obtaining SR images and overcomes some drawbacks found in traditional reconstruction algorithms. The sparse coding network method remains valuable, and with some enhancements, further improvement in results can be achieved.
Characterization of genes in the cellulose-synthesizing operon (acs operon) of Acetobacter xylinum: implications for cellulose crystallization

The synthesis of an extracellular ribbon of cellulose in the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum takes place from linearly arranged, membrane-localized, cellulose-synthesizing and extrusion complexes that direct the coupled steps of polymerization and crystallization. To identify the different components involved in this process, we isolated an Acetobacter cellulose-synthesizing (acs) operon from this bacterium. Analysis of DNA sequence shows the presence of three genes in the acs operon, in which the first gene (acsAB) codes for a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 168 kDa, which was identified as the cellulose synthase. A single base change in the previously reported DNA sequence of this gene, resulting in a frameshift and synthesis of a larger protein, is described in the present paper, along with the sequences of the other two genes (acsC and acsD). The requirement of the acs operon genes for cellulose production was determined using site-determined TnphoA/Kanr GenBlock insertion mutants. Mutant analysis showed that while the acsAB and acsC genes were essential for cellulose production in vivo, the acsD mutant produced reduced amounts of two cellulose allomorphs (cellulose I and cellulose II), suggesting that the acsD gene is involved in cellulose crystallization. The role of the acs operon genes in determining the linear array of intramembranous particles, which are believed to be sites of cellulose synthesis, was investigated for the different mutants; however, this arrangement was observed only in cells that actively produced cellulose microfibrils, suggesting that it may be influenced by the crystallization of the nascent glucan chains.
Effect of Minimal Enteral Feeding on Splanchnic Uptake of Leucine in the Postabsorptive State in Preterm Infants

We conducted a controlled, randomized trial to study the effect of minimal enteral feeding on leucine uptake by splanchnic tissues, as an indicator of maturation of these tissues, in preterm infants in the first week of life. Within a few hours after birth, while receiving only glucose, a primed constant infusion of [1-13C]-leucine was started and continued for 5 h via the nasogastric tube, whereas 5,5,5 D3-leucine was infused intravenously (for both tracers, priming dose 2 mg/kg, continuous infusion 2 mg/kg/h). Patients were thereafter randomized to receive solely parenteral nutrition (C), parenteral nutrition and 20 mL breast milk/kg/d (BM), or parenteral nutrition and 20 mL formula/kg/d (F). On d 7, the measurements were repeated, after discontinuing the oral intake for 5 h. Fourteen infants were included in group C, 12 in group BM, and 12 in group F. There was no difference in energy intake or nitrogen balance at any time. On d 1, plasma enrichment for the nasogastric tracer was lower than for the intravenous tracer for all three groups, both for leucine and for α-keto-isocaproic acid. On d 7, the enrichment for leucine and α-keto-isocaproic acid for the nasogastric tracer was lower than for the intravenous tracer for the groups BM and F (BM: 3.65 ± 1.20 nasogastric versus 4.64 ± 0.64 i.v.; F: 4.37 ± 1.14 nasogastric versus 5.21 ± 0.9 i.v.). In the control group, there was no difference between tracers. The lower plasma enrichment for the nasogastric tracer compared with the intravenous tracer suggests uptake of leucine by the splanchnic tissues. We conclude that minimal enteral feeding—even in low volumes of 20 mL/kg/d—increases the leucine uptake by the splanchnic tissue. We speculate that this reflects a higher protein synthesis of splanchnic tissues in the groups receiving enteral nutrition.
On the Relative Importance of Motion-Related Contributions to the SAR Imaging Mechanism of Ocean Surface Waves

The relative importance of the various motion-related contributions to the SAR imaging mechanism of ocean surface waves is studied by using two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation techniques. It is shown that for wind waves the often-observed stretching of the peak wavelength and the rotation of the spectral peak toward the range direction is caused by both the degradation in azimuthal resolution and the nonlinearity of the velocity bunching mechanism. The distortion of the SAR image spectrum relative to the ocean wave spectrum due to the degradation in azimuthal resolution is mainly caused by the spread of the radial facet velocities within a SAR resolution cell. The effect of the radial orbital acceleration arising from the long waves of scales larger than a SAR resolution cell on the nonlinearity of the SAR imaging mechanism is small. It is argued that the effect of the wave motions on the SAR imaging mechanism cannot always be reduced to a linear azimuthal low-pass filter acting on the ocean slope spectrum. In those cases where the imaging is nonlinear, the ocean wave spectrum cannot be retrieved from the SAR image spectrum by applying linear inversion techniques. For swell imaging, the nonlinearities are usually less strong because swell spectra have a narrower width than wind spectra. Computer simulations of SAR imaging of fully developed wind seas with different peak wavelengths and propagation directions are presented.
Ultrasound-mediated strategies in opening brain barriers for drug brain delivery

Introduction: Though many agents have therapeutic potentials for brain diseases, few have been used in clinical environments because of the brain barriers. As an effective interventional technique, ultrasound (US) could be a potentially feasible approach to disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver therapeutic agents into the brain. Areas covered: This article reviews up-to-date ultrasound-mediated strategies in opening the brain barriers for drug brain delivery. The mechanisms and problems of these approaches are discussed, as well as the challenges and potentials associated with the ultrasound-mediated strategies that are currently available or under development. Expert opinion: Despite recent successes in opening the blood brain barrier (BBB) via microbubble-enhanced focused ultrasound, the exact mechanisms of how the barrier is disrupted, remains unknown. A complete understanding of the mechanisms involved in the ultrasound-mediated disruption of the BBB and improving the efficiency of drug delivery to targeted brain regions can greatly facilitate the successful development and translation of the technology.
Neuromuscular Exercise and Counseling Decrease Absenteeism Due to Low Back Pain in Young Conscripts: A Randomized, Population-Based Primary Prevention Study

Study Design. Controlled intervention with group randomization. Objective. To investigate the effectiveness of a 6-month neuromuscular exercise and counseling program for reducing the incidence of low back pain (LBP) and disability in young conscripts, with a healthy back at the beginning of their compulsory military service. Summary of Background Data. Basic military training is physically demanding on the back and requires adequate physical fitness. LBP causes significant morbidity and absence from military service. Methods. Participants were conscripts of 4 successive age cohorts (n = 1409). In the prestudy year, before adoption of the intervention, 2 successive cohorts of conscripts of 4 companies (n = 719) were followed prospectively for 6 months to study the baseline incidence of different categories of LBP. In the intervention year, conscripts (n = 690) of 2 new cohorts of the same companies (intervention group: antitank, engineer; control group: signal, mortar) were followed for 6 months. The intervention program aimed to improve conscripts' control of their lumbar neutral zone and specifically to avoid full lumbar flexion in all daily tasks. Results. Total number and incidence of off-duty days due to LBP were significantly decreased in the intervention companies compared with controls (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.42, 95% confidence interval = 0.18–0.94, P = 0.035). The number of LBP cases, number of health clinic visits due to LBP, and number of the most severe cases showed a similar decreasing trend but without statistical significance. Conclusion. These findings provide evidence that exercise and education to improve control of the lumbar neutral zone have a prophylactic effect on LPB-related off-duty service days in the military environment when implemented as part of military service among young healthy men.
Towards an Enhanced Aspect-based Contradiction Detection Approach for Online Review Content

User generated content as such online reviews plays an important role in customer’s purchase decisions. Many works have focused on identifying satisfaction of the reviewer in social media through the study of sentiment analysis (SA) and opinion mining. The large amount of potential application and the increasing number of opinions expresses on the web results in researchers interest on sentiment analysis and opinion mining. However, due to the reviewer’s idiosyncrasy, reviewer may have different preferences and point of view for a particular subject which in this case hotel reviews. There is still limited research that focuses on this contradiction detection in the perspective of tourism online review especially in numerical contradiction. Therefore, the aim of this paper to investigate the type of contradiction in online review which mainly focusing on hotel online review, to provide useful material on process or methods for identifying contradiction which mainly on the review itself and to determine opportunities for relevant future research for online review contradiction detection. We also proposed a model to detect numerical contradiction in user generated content for tourism industry.
The George Fahr Lecture: Certain Mechanical Peculiarities of the Human Cardiac Pump in Normal and Diseased States

This is a general theoretic consideration of certain mechanical peculiarities of the human heart. It includes a discussion of mechanical advantages of the average size and average pressures, the effects of various pressures and ventricular volumes on ventricular work and "load," mechanical advantages of the structural arrangement of muscular fibers and manner of contraction, as well as the time course of ventricular work and power produced during a cardiac cycle. The role of the trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles in the emptying of a normal sized ventricle is also discussed.
Identification of Learning Needs of Youth: The case study at the Tourism Village Bejiharjo, Karangmojo, Gunungkidul

Research identifying learning needs of youth groups in the tourist village aims to reveal the learning needs of aspects of knowledge (knowledge), attitudes and behavior of mental (mental attiude and behavior) in a positive direction and the increase in life skills. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach implemented in the District Tourism Village Bejiharjo Karangmojo Gunungkidul to target youth. Data were collected using focus group discussion (FGD), in-depth interviews, documentation, and observation. The collected data is then analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results of this study are: First, the need for increased knowledge of learning (knowledge) include: learning materials group dynamics and issues, community development, village history and local knowledge possessed, and adolescent reproductive health. Second, learning to change attitudes and behavior of mental (mental attiude and behavior) in a positive direction include: learning material to improve the courage and confidence, learning mental, spiritual, training cooperation and gotong royong, learning to behave positively, and learning to cultivate self-identity , Third, life skills learning needs include: skills into a good tour guide, foreign language skills, handicraft and souvenirmaking skills, entrepreneurial skills, conflict solving skills and raise skills and to keep the fish.
SIRT1, a Longevity Gene, Downregulates Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Objective—Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene), a polyphenol found in red wine, is known to activate sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a longevity gene. Previous studies have demonstrated that resveratrol extends the life span of diverse species through activation of SIRT1. It was also reported that inhibition of angiotensin II function by angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) antagonist prolonged rat life span. We, therefore, hypothesized that resveratrol may inhibit the renin-angiontein system and examined whether resveratrol affects AT1R expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods and Results—Northern and Western blot analysis revealed that resveratrol significantly decreased the expression of AT1R at mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Overexpression of SIRT1 reduced AT1R expression whereas nicotinamide, an inhibitor of SIRT1, increased AT1R expression and reversed the resveratrol-induced AT1R downregulation. AT1R gene promoter activity was decreased by resveratrol, but resveratrol did not affect the AT1R mRNA stability. Deletion analysis showed that the most proximal region of AT1R gene promoter containing Sp1 site is responsible for downregulation. Administration of resveratrol suppressed AT1R expression in the mouse aorta and blunted angiotensin II–induced hypertension. Conclusion—Resveratrol suppressed AT1R expression through SIRT1 activation both in vivo and in vitro. The inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system may contribute, at least in part, to the resveratrol-induced longevity and antiatherogenic effect of resveratrol.
Accurate Reconstruction of Non-rigid 3D Shapes

The aim of this paper is to create an accurate 3D-TV contents from 2D-video which can be used in a commercial 3D-TV broadcast environment. In this paper we propose an accurate recovering of non-rigid 3D shapes using a chained partial rigid factorization method. We have extended the existing rigid factorization algorithm to the stereo camera case. Our focus in this paper is on estimating deformable shapes from stereo images. Our experiments show the improved results for reconstructions.
Assessing effort and work of breathing

Purpose of reviewSpontaneous breathing has been shown to induce both positive and negative effects on the function and on injury of lungs and diaphragm during critical illness; thus, monitoring of the breathing effort generated by the patient might be valuable for a better understanding of the mechanisms of disease and to set properly ventilation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent findings on the different techniques available to measure the patient's breathing effort, mainly during spontaneous assisted ventilation. Recent findingsAlthough esophageal pressure measurement remains the solid reference technique to quantitate the breathing effort, other tools have been developed and tested. These include the diaphragmatic electromyogram, whose voltage is linearly related to the pressure generated by the diaphragm, ultrasound, which relies on the measurement of diaphragmatic displacement or thickening, and other approaches, which derive breathing effort solely from the airway flow and pressure tracings. SummaryThe development of measurement techniques and their introduction in clinical practice will allow us to understand the role of spontaneous breathing effort in the pathophysiology of lung injury and weaning failure, and how to adjust the breathing workload in an individual patient.
Hunger disease.

This paper examines three aspects of hunger disease: the effect of initial fat stores on macronutrient fuel selection during total starvation (no energy) and how it influences survival; the effects of different rates of weight loss on tissue and body function; and the importance of appetite sensations, including hunger, during malnutrition and during enteral and parenteral nutritional support. Long-term starvation studies in humans reveal major differences in fat carbohydrate and protein metabolism between lean and obese subjects, including a 2-4-fold lower contribution of protein oxidation to energy expenditure in obese subjects, which ensures that more of the excess body fat is oxidized. The rate of weight loss, determined by recent dietary intake, can have major effects on tissue and body function, including wound healing, the acute phase protein response, muscle fatigue and psychological/behavioural function in both clinical and non-clinical settings. In depleted states uncomplicated by disease, changes in appetite sensations can result in energy intakes as high as 6000 to 10,000 kcal/day ( 25-42 MJ/day). Long-term enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition are associated with frequent disturbances in appetite sensations, and in those able to eat normally they tend to add rather than replace oral intake to an extent that appears to depend on the regimen. It is concluded that 1) differences between lean and obese subjects in macronutrient fuel selection during starvation are adaptive because they optimize survival in both groups of subjects; 2) the rate of weight loss in health and disease has a major effect on certain tissue and body functions, independently of the magnitude of weight loss; and 3) clinically relevant disturbances in appetite sensations are common subjects receiving long-term enteral and parenteral nutrition. The clinical modulation of all these variables would be aided by greater knowledge of the mechanisms involved.
Influence of corporate culture on management of strategic change in commercial banks in Kenya

Helping organizational members cope with change is one of the most critical success factors in change management. Managers have not fully addressed the human side of change and therefore their best laid plans have failed. Corporate culture can impede or facilitate change. It can resist change, respond to change, accept change or initiate change. It is therefore necessary to examine at depth the influence of corporate culture on management of strategic change. The research objectives therefore are: the practices Commercial Banks in Kenya have adopted in management of strategic change, the corporate culture of Commercial Banks in Kenya are and what is the influence of corporate culture on management of strategic change in Commercial Banks in Kenya. This study utilized primary data which was collected by way of a questionnaire. The questionnaire looked into the demographic information; practices of management of strategic change, corporate cultural practices at the effectiveness of managing change with regard to corporate cultural influences. The research design used was a survey. On receiving the questionnaires from the respondents, the data was then coded and tabulated to facilitate data analysis. Descriptive statistic such as mean scores, standard deviation, percentages, and cumulative frequency was used to transform obtained data from the banks into standard form for relative comparison. From this study it was found that the benefits of a good culture and strategic fit is that supportive cultures shape the mood and temperament of the work force positively affecting organizational energy, work habits, and operating practices. It provides standards, values, informal rules and peer pressures that nurture and motivate people to do their jobs in ways that promote good strategy execution. A good strategysupportive culture also strengthens employee identification with the company, its performance targets, and strategy.