Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing alfalfa productivity and persistence versus greenhouse gases fluxes in a continental arid region

Alfalfa in China is mostly planted in the semi-arid or arid Northwest inland regions due to its ability to take up water from deep in the soil and to fix atmospheric N2 which reduces N fertilizer application. However, perennial alfalfa may deplete soil water due to uptake and thus aggravate soil desiccation. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the alfalfa forage yield, soil property (soil temperature (ST), soil water content (SWC), soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN)) and greenhouse gas (GHG: methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2)) emissions affected by alfalfa stand age and growing season, (2) to investigate the effects of soil property on GHG emissions, and (3) to optimize the alfalfa stand age by integrating the two standard criteria, the forage yield and water use efficiency, and the total GHG efflux (CO2-eq). This study was performed in alfalfa fields of different ages (2, 3, 5 and 7 year old) during the growing season (from April to October) in a typical salinized meadow with temperate continental arid climate in the Northwest inland regions, China. Despite its higher total GHG efflux (CO2-eq), the greater forage yield and water use efficiency with lower GEIhay and high CH4 uptake in the 5-year alfalfa stand suggested an optimal alfalfa stand age of 5 years. Results show that ST, SOC and RBM alone had positive effects (except RBM had no significant effect on CH4 effluxes), but SWC and STN alone had negative effects on GHG fluxes. Furthermore, results demonstrate that in arid regions SWC superseded ST, SOC, STN and RBM as a key factor regulating GHG fluxes, and soil water stress may have led to a net uptake of CH4 by soils and a reduction of N2O and CO2 effluxes from alfalfa fields. Our study has provided insights into the determination of alfalfa stand age and the understanding of mechanisms regulating GHG fluxes in alfalfa fields in the continental arid regions. This knowledge is essential to decide the alfalfa retention time by considering the hay yield, water use efficiency as well as GHG emission.
Nonocarbolines A–E, β-Carboline Antibiotics Produced by the Rare Actinobacterium Nonomuraea sp. from Indonesia

During the course of our ongoing screening for novel biologically active secondary metabolites, the rare Actinobacterium, Nonomuraea sp. 1808210CR was found to produce five unprecedented β-carboline derivatives, nonocarbolines A–E (1–5). Their structures were elucidated from high-resolution mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the absolute configuration of 4 was determined by using the modified Mosher method. Nonocarboline B (2) displayed moderate antifungal activity against Mucor hiemalis, while nonocarboline D (4) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against the human lung carcinoma cell line A-549 with the IC50 value of 1.7 µM.
Research on the Application of Blockchain technology in Ubiquitous Power System Internet of Things

In this paper, we describe the characteristics of blockchain technology, as well as the application framework of the Internet of Things and the application process of the power system internet of things. On this basis, we summarize the key technologies needed for ubiquitous power system Internet of Things. We analyzed the feasibility and necessity of the ubiquitous power system Internet of Things application blockchain technology. We propose a design scheme for the ubiquitous power system internet of things application blockchain system in a province.
Recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive Staphylococcus aureus strains: a challenge in clinical practice

Recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive Staphylococcus (S.) aureus strains represent an increasing problem in Germany. Although there have been several outbreaks at day care centers and in urban communities in recent years, there are currently no diagnostic algorithms or treatment recommendations for these particular infections in Germany.
Hot-water immersion does not increase post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates during recovery from resistance-type exercise in healthy, young males.

PURPOSE To assess the impact of post-exercise hot-water immersion on post-prandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during recovery from a single bout of resistance-type exercise in healthy, young males. METHODS Twelve healthy, male adults (age: 23±1 y) performed a single bout of resistance-type exercise followed by 20 min of water immersion of both legs. One leg was immersed in hot water (46°C: HWI) while the other leg was immersed in thermoneutral water (30°C: CON). After water immersion, a beverage was ingested containing 20 g intrinsically L-[1-13C]-phenylalanine and L-[1-13C]-leucine labelled milk protein with 45 g of carbohydrates. In addition, primed continuous L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine and L-[1-13C]-leucine infusions were applied, with frequent collection of blood and muscle samples to assess myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in vivo over a 5 h recovery period. RESULTS Muscle temperature immediately after water immersion was higher in the HWI compared to the CON leg (37.5±0.1 vs 35.2±0.2°C; P<0.001). Incorporation of dietary protein-derived L-[1-13C]-phenylalanine into myofibrillar protein did not differ between the HWI and CON leg during the 5h recovery period (0.025±0.003 vs 0.024±0.002 MPE; P=0.953). Post-exercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates did not differ between the HWI and CON leg based upon L-[1-13C]-leucine (0.050±0.005 vs 0.049±0.002%·h-1; P=0.815) and L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine (0.048±0.002 vs 0.047±0.003%·h-1; P=0.877), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Hot-water immersion during recovery from resistance-type exercise does not increase the post-prandial rise in myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. In addition, post-exercise hot-water immersion does not increase the capacity of the muscle to incorporate dietary protein-derived amino acids in muscle tissue protein during subsequent recovery.
Shame: An Acute Stress Response to Interpersonal Traumatization

This paper conceptualizes shame as an acute stress response to an unacceptable view of oneself mediated through another’s perspective. After reviewing the developmental antecedents and ontogenetic role of shame, the author first illustrates how shame may induce a depressive paralysis and self-hurtful intent when the goal of reconciliation is thwarted. She then addresses how shame ignited by narcissistic injury can mobilize aggressive behavior toward others, motivated by a need to restore the self. The goals of this paper are to demonstrate that the configurations of shame are manifestations of interpersonal traumatization, to define them as predictable stress responses that activate specific goal-directed behaviors, and to propose the use of these conceptualizations in the empirical study of interpersonal traumatization.
Sensory nerves regulate mesenchymal stromal cell lineage commitment by tuning sympathetic tones.

Sensory nerve was recently identified as being involved in regulation of bone mass accrual. We previously discovered that PGE2 secreted by osteoblastic cells could activate sensory nerve EP4 receptor to promote bone formation by inhibiting sympathetic activity. However, the fundamental units of bone formation are active osteoblasts, which originate from skeletal stem cells. Here, we found that after sensory denervation, knockout of the EP4 receptor in sensory nerves, or knockout of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in osteoblasts could significantly promote adipogenesis and inhibit osteogenesis in adult mice. Furthermore, injection of SW033291 (a small molecule that locally increases PGE2 level) or propranolol (a beta-blocker) significantly promoted osteogenesis and inhibited adipogenesis. This effect of SW033291, but not propranolol, was abolished in conditional EP4 knockout mice under normal conditions or in the bone repair process. We conclude that the PGE2-EP4 sensory nerve axis could regulate skeletal stem cell differentiation in bone marrow of adult mice.
Pension reform in Sweden: Sustainability and Adequacy of Public Pensions

The Swedish pension system was among the first to shift to a system of notional accounts. The aim was to render it fair, transparent, and sustainable and the reform enjoyed a broad consensus across the political spectrum. The reform was radical and complemented the public pension with an occupational pension. In addition, while the public pension remained pay-as-you-go, it became a defined-contribution scheme: contributions are fixed and benefits are later computed as a function of these contributions and life expectancy. This paper takes stock 20 years after the reform. It argues that the reform has rendered the system fiscally sustainable and politically stable but raises concerns about benefits' adequacy because the cost of ageing is shifted onto pensioners. Substandard pensions may lead to ad hoc interventions that go against the aim of automatism/transparency. These adjustments may be seen as hidden costs that could ultimately put pressure on the very sustainability the new scheme is supposed to guarantee. Acknowledgements: This paper has benefited from comments and suggestions from Erik Canton, Patrick D'Souza, Per Eckefeldt, Norbert Gaal, Oskar Grevesmuhl, Julien Hartley, Heinz Jansen, Carlos Maravall Rodríguez, Mats Marcusson, Anda Patarau, Charlotte Van Hooydonk, and Ulrike Stierle-Von Schutz. We also thank participants at the workshop Pensioenen in Nederland, European Commission Representation in the Netherlands, Den Haag, 4 October 2016. Special thanks go to Anda Patarau and Pedro Arévalo for early access to Ageing Report 2018 data. Contact: European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs: Hanna Aspegren, Economies of the Member States, Bulgaria, Romania, Sweden, email: hanna.aspegren@ec.europa. eu; Jorge Durán, Economies of the Member States, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, email: jorge.duran-laguna@ec.europa. eu; Maarten Masselink, Economies of the Member States, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, email: maarten.masselink@ec.europa. eu. EUROPEAN ECONOMY Economic Brief 048 European Economy Economic Briefs Issue 048 | July 2019
Gut–Liver Axis and Inflammasome Activation in Cholangiocyte Pathophysiology

The Nlrp3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex activated by a number of bacterial products or danger signals and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes through caspase-1 activation. The Nlrp3 is expressed in immune cells but also in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, where it appears to be involved in regulation of biliary damage, epithelial barrier integrity and development of fibrosis. Activation of the pathways of innate immunity is crucial in the pathophysiology of hepatobiliary diseases, given the strong link between the gut and the liver. The liver secretes bile acids, which influence the bacterial composition of the gut microbiota and, in turn, are heavily modified by microbial metabolism. Alterations of this balance, as for the development of dysbiosis, may deeply influence the composition of the bacterial products that reach the liver and are able to activate a number of intracellular pathways. This alteration may be particularly important in the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies and, in particular, of primary sclerosing cholangitis, given its strong association with inflammatory bowel disease. In the present review, we summarize current knowledge on the gut–liver axis in cholangiopathies and discuss the role of Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in cholestatic conditions.
3D localization of point source based on light field imaging and deep learning

3D localization of point source is widely used in many fields, such as bioimaging and autonomous driving fields. However, the localization is hard to perform under scattering conditions because of the diffuse effect of the scattering. We propose a novel method for 3D localization of point source under scattering conditions based on light field imaging and deep learning by only one shot. First, we introduce the description of the point source in a light field wise and how to localize a point source by its light field. On the basis, we elaborate on the effect of scattering on a light field and how to retrieve the location of a point source from a light field with scattering. Then, the effect of aberration on a light field will be introduced. We also build an artificial scene and a deep learning framework to perform a 3D localization practically, and the feasibility and accuracy of our method have been evaluated.
Model systems for regeneration: Xenopus

ABSTRACT Understanding how to promote organ and appendage regeneration is a key goal of regenerative medicine. The frog, Xenopus, can achieve both scar-free healing and tissue regeneration during its larval stages, although it predominantly loses these abilities during metamorphosis and adulthood. This transient regenerative capacity, alongside their close evolutionary relationship with humans, makes Xenopus an attractive model to uncover the mechanisms underlying functional regeneration. Here, we present an overview of Xenopus as a key model organism for regeneration research and highlight how studies of Xenopus have led to new insights into the mechanisms governing regeneration. Summary: This Primer gives an overview of Xenopus as a model system for studying regeneration, comparing the two species X. laevis and X. tropicalis, and highlighting how Xenopus studies have enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of regeneration.
Centralization of Prehospital Triage Improves Triage of Pediatric Trauma Patients

Introduction This study describes the experience at a level 1 pediatric trauma center before and after the centralization of prehospital trauma triage, focusing on the rate of undertriage of trauma patients. Before centralization, emergency physicians were responsible for triaging these patients with mainly physiology-based criteria; after centralization, paramedics in a communication center performed this function using the same criteria. Methods This retrospective study includes 10 years of pediatric trauma registry patients at our institution, 5 years before and after centralization of prehospital triage. Rates of undertriage were calculated by both the Cribari Method and by disposition from the emergency department. Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of centralization on the incidence of undertriage while adjusting for differences in case-mix. Results Over the 10-year study period, 1862 trauma activations meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were recorded in the trauma registry: 893 patients in the precentralization and 969 in the postcentralization groups. After centralization of the triage process, there were statistically significant decreases in the rates of undertriage from 8.7% to 4.2% (adjusted odds ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.33–0.73) when analyzed by the Cribari Method and from 37.7% to 27.7% when analyzed by disposition from the emergency department (adjusted odds ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.64–0.81). This represents a reduction in undertriage by 51.7% and 26.5%, respectively. Conclusions Centralization of prehospital trauma triage at a level 1 pediatric trauma facility significantly reduced undertriage rates. Trauma centers should consider similar processes to improve prehospital triage.
Improvement of imaging quality of Fourier ptychographic microscopy

In the present of microscopic imaging technology, both the large imaging field of view (FOV), and high-resolution are required. The Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) does not need to move the sample and can keep the original FOV unchanged. It can expand the frequency bandwidth and reconstruct high-resolution intensity and phase images by using the angle diversity and synthetic aperture. It has a very important application prospect in the field of biomedical detection. However, the LED, used as the illumination source in the FPM, is an extended light source, and the light emitting unit with a certain size will cause the image blurring. Therefore, a reconstruction algorithm based on Lucy-Richardson (L-R) deconvolution is proposed in this paper. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can solve the problem of image blurring in FPM imaging and improve the imaging quality.
Trauma in Pregnancy

One of the most common causes of obstetric morbidity and mortality is trauma in pregnancy. Several maternal physiological changes during pregnancy have a significant impact on the mechanism, presentation, and management of trauma in this population. It is crucial for health providers dealing with trauma to know and understand these differences between pregnant and nonpregnant patients. The obstetric trauma patient requires a multidisciplinary approach, including obstetrics, maternal fetal medicine, anesthesiology, surgery, and intensive care teams. The aim of this article is to review the most updated information on trauma during pregnancy.
Progress in Computational and Machine‐Learning Methods for Heterogeneous Small‐Molecule Activation

The chemical conversion of small molecules such as H2, H2O, O2, N2, CO2, and CH4 to energy and chemicals is critical for a sustainable energy future. However, the high chemical stability of these molecules poses grand challenges to the practical implementation of these processes. In this regard, computational approaches such as density functional theory, microkinetic modeling, data science, and machine learning have guided the rational design of catalysts by elucidating mechanistic insights, identifying active sites, and predicting catalytic activity. Here, the theory and methodologies for heterogeneous catalysis and their applications for small‐molecule activation are reviewed. An overview of fundamental theory and key computational methods for designing catalysts, including the emerging data science techniques in particular, is given. Applications of these methods for finding efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the activation of the aforementioned small molecules are then surveyed. Finally, promising directions of the computational catalysis field for further outlooks are discussed, focusing on the challenges and opportunities for new methods.
Effect of Synthetic Vitamin A and Probiotics Supplementation for Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality during the Neonatal Period. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Background: Suboptimal nutritional status of a newborn is a risk factor for short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this review were to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of neonatal synthetic vitamin A supplementation, dextrose gel and probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality during infancy in low and middle-income countries. Methods: We included randomized trials. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. We conducted electronic searches on multiple databases. Data were meta-analyzed to obtain relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Studies for vitamin A and Probiotics were analyzed separately. No studies were found for dextrose gel supplementation during neonatal period. The overall rating of evidence was determined by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: Sixteen studies assessed the effect of vitamin A supplementation during the neonatal period. Based on pooled data from community-based studies only, there was no significant effect of vitamin A on all-cause mortality at age 1 month (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.90, 1.08), 6 months (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.89–1.08) and 12 months (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.94, 1.14) but increased risk of bulging fontanelle (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12, 2.09). The overall quality of evidence was high for the above outcomes. Thirty-three studies assessed the effect of probiotic supplementation during the neonatal period and were mostly conducted in the hospital setting. Probiotics reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66, 0.96), necrotizing enterocolitis (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35, 0.59) and neonatal sepsis (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70, 0.86). The grade ratings for the above three outcomes were high. Conclusions: Vitamin A supplementation during the neonatal period does not reduce all-cause neonatal or infant mortality in low and middle-income countries in the community setting. Probiotic supplementation during the neonatal period seems to reduce all-cause mortality, NEC, and sepsis in babies born low birth weight and/or preterm in the hospital setting.
Functional redundancy of two ABC transporter proteins in mediating toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis to cotton bollworm

Evolution of pest resistance reduces the efficacy of insecticidal proteins from the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) used widely in sprays and transgenic crops. Better understanding of the genetic basis of resistance is needed to more effectively monitor, manage, and counter pest resistance to Bt toxins. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to clarify the genetics of Bt resistance and the associated effects on susceptibility to other microbial insecticides in one of the world’s most damaging pests, the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). We discovered that CRISPR-mediated knockouts of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes HaABCC2 and HaABCC3 together caused >15,000-fold resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac, whereas knocking out either HaABCC2 or HaABCC3 alone had little or no effect. Inheritance of resistance was autosomal and recessive. Bioassays of progeny from interstrain crosses revealed that one wild type allele of either HaABCC2 or HaABCC3 is sufficient to sustain substantial susceptibility to Cry1Ac. In contrast with previous results, susceptibility to two insecticides derived from bacteria other than Bt (abamectin and spinetoram), was not affected by knocking out HaABCC2, HaABCC3, or both. The results here provide the first evidence that either HaABCC2 or HaABCC3 protein is sufficient to confer substantial susceptibility to Cry1Ac. The functional redundancy of these two proteins in toxicity of Cry1Ac to H. armigera is expected to reduce the likelihood of field-evolved resistance relative to disruption of a toxic process where mutations affecting a single protein can confer resistance.
Physical therapy program improves the physiological impact towards better quality of life and low cardiac risk factors in patients following coronary artery bypass grafting. Systematic review

Introduction: Studies suggest that exercise therapy may enhance heart rate variability in myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure and revascularization patients by increasing vagal tone and decreasing sympathetic activity. This review addressed the impact of cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRPs) in post CABG patients on the quality of life, in terms of physical function and cardiac risk factors. Methods: OVID, Science direct, Embase, AMED and Cochrane controlled Trial Register were searched for studies published from 2005 up to 2015. Two reviewers assessed the eligibility of each study based on predefined inclusion criteria. Results: Of 35 abstracts reviewed, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies compared CRPs of different interventions to a control (non-intervention) group. From the selected 9 studies, 6 studies included interventions compared with control groups (usual or standard care) while 3 studies compared two different intervention strategies with groups and included a no-intervention control group. Conclusion: This systematic review concludes that all types of CRPs lead to improvements in the quality of life and reduction of cardiac risk factors in post CABG patients. However, these improvements were quite varied between the 9 studies according to variations in the components of CRPs.