Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of dietary fat and metabolizable energy supply on milk protein concentration of dairy cows

To investigate the effect of dietary fat and metabolizable energy (ME) on milk protein concentration, an experiment was carried out using 12 multiparous early-lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Three diets were offered in a complete Latin-square change-over design, based on ad libitum access to grass silage. One of three concentrates was offered at a rate of 12 kg/day, each formulated to supply one of two levels of ME (12·1 and 13·6 MJ/kg dry matter (DM)) and one of two levels of fat (31 and a mean of 88 g acid hydrolysis ether extract per kg DM): low energy, high fat (LEHF); low energy, low fat (LELF); and high energy, high fat (HEHF). The concentration of milk protein was significantly higher from animals offered the LELF concentrate (32·5 v. a mean of 31·2 (s.e.d. 0·45) g/kg, P < 0·05), because of lower milk yields (31·0 v. a mean of 33·4 (s.e.d. 0·63) kg/day, P < 0·05). Animals offered the HEHF concentrate produced the highest yields of milk protein but their milk had the lowest concentrations of fat (32·5,34·4 and 31·9 g/kg for LEHF, LELF and HEHF respectively; s.e.d 1·07; P < 0·05 for difference between LELF and HEHF). Silage DM intake was significantly increased by animals offered the LEHF concentrate (9·1, 8·6 and 8·7 (s.e.d. 0·19) kg/day, P < 0·05 for differences between LEHF and the other two concentrates). Urinary purine derivative excretion, used as an index ofmicrobial protein supply, was highest from animals offered the LELF and HEHF concentrates, which both supplied similar amounts of fermentable ME. It is hypothesized that increased de novo synthesis offatty acids on the low fat diet reduced the availability of glucose for lactose synthesis, leading to reduced milk yields and hence increased milk protein concentrations.
Investigating the functional consequences of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) polymorphisms on arrhythmia-linked Ca2+ release dysfunction

This data provides compelling evidence that mutation-linked RyR2 channel dysfunction is modulated by common sequence polymorphisms and predicts that a more severe clinical phenotype results from the in cis inheritance of G1885E / L433P. Our studies also show that co-expression of L433P and G1885E subunits partially restores the functionality of the resultant heterotetrameric channels. The potential therapeutic benefits of positively modulating RyR2 mutant channel dysfunction via such a trans-complementation approach remain to be explored.
Transcobalamin II-mediated uptake of vitamin B12 by rat liver cells

textabstractVitamin B12 plays a unique role in mammalian metabolism not only because, as a coenzyme, it is involved in two completely different and unrelated biochemical pathways, - the synthesis of nucleic acid precursors and the catabolism of some fatty acids -, but even more because it gives an excellent example how different groups of living organisms work together and depend on each other for the supply of vital nutrients. Vitamin B12 is almost exclusively found in animal products. However, it is not synthesized by the animals themselves but, they are able in one or the other way to absorb vitamin B12 which is produced bv microorganisms. For instance in ruminants the bacteria in the rumen are the source of the vitamin, which is taken up by the gut, distributed over the tissues and which is subsequently consumed by man with the meat or with the milk. However, the quantity of vitamin B12 , which is available in the food. is so low, that it would be lost if not an elaborate system of carrier proteins and cellular receotor mechanisms selectively collected it from the food and delivered it to the tissues. Intrinsic factor, produced and secreted by the qastric mucosa, binds the vitamin, which enters the body with the food, and hands it over to the ileal mucosa cells, which carry specific receptors for this protein. When the vitamin enters the blood, the plasma transport proteins, the transcobalamins, take it up immediately and deliver it to the tissues.
Chlamydia trachomatis: avances y perspectivas

La Chlamydia es una bacteria Gram negativa, no movil, de vida parasitaria intracelular obligada porque carece de habilidad para sintetizar ATP, son parasitos energeticos, no tienen vida libre y colonizan el citoplasma de las celulas susceptibles
NF‐κB and cancer: Mechanisms and targets

In addition to being a central coordinator of immune responses, NF‐κB signaling also plays a critical role in cancer development and progression and it may determine the response to therapy. NF‐κB activation was shown to provide a critical mechanistic link between inflammation and cancer and is a major factor that controls the ability of both preneoplastic and malignant cells to resist apoptosis‐based tumor surveillance mechanisms. NF‐κB may also be involved in regulation of tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness. Importantly, NF‐κB and the signaling pathways that mediate its activation have become attractive targets for development of new chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic approaches. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syndromes and conditions of parrotlets, pionus parrots, poicephalus, and mynah birds

There has been a paucity of documentation concerning recognizable diseases and syndromes involving parrotlets, pionus parrots, and poicephalus parrots. This manuscript combines data from breeders, well-known avian veterianrians, and the scientific literature. Diseases of mynah birds have been updated to contain the most current knowledge base. This information will be valuable as a baseline when encountering clinical illness involving these species in the clinical practice setting.
The Sandbar Shark Summer Nursery within Bays and Lagoons of the Eastern Shore of Virginia

Abstract We sought to examine the spatial use of coastal bays and lagoons associated with the Eastern Shore of Virginia (i.e., the Atlantic shoreline north of the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay) as nursery habitat for sandbar sharks Carcharhinus plumbeus. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the relationship between physical factors and the abundance of neonate and juvenile sandbar sharks within the study area. Neonates, small juveniles, and large juveniles were present throughout the sampling area in relatively high abundance throughout the months of June-September. Abundances of neonates and small juveniles were correlated with sampling distance from the inlet; larger fractions of these groups were captured as distance from the inlet increased. Large-juvenile abundance was not significantly correlated with any physical factor. The catch rates of neonate and juvenile sandbar sharks within this area were comparable with those observed in nearby Chesapeake Bay, although a larger number of juve.
Reply to comment on ‘If it’s pinched it’s a memristor’

This chapter consists of two parts. Part I gives a circuit-theoretic foundation for the first four elementary nonlinear 2-terminal circuit elements, namely, the resistor, the capacitor, the inductor, and the memristor. Part II consists of a collection of colorful “Vignettes” with carefully articulated text and colorful illustrations of the rudiments of the memristor and its characteristic fingerprints and signatures. It is intended as a self-contained pedagogical primer for beginners who have not heard of memristors before.
Anion inhibition of the proton pump in rat liver multivesicular bodies.

Abstract Rat liver multivesicular bodies (MVB), as well as other hepatic subcellular organelles, are acidified by an electrogenic ATP-dependent proton pump that requires Cl- for maximal acidification (Van Dyke, R. W., Hornick, C. A., Belcher, J., Scharschmidt, B. F., and Havel, R.J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 11021-11026), suggesting that Cl- serves as a permeable charge-compensating anion. However, we have observed that NO3- is unable to substitute for Cl-. This study was undertaken therefore to examine more closely the effects of Cl- on MVB acidification and to determine whether NO3- and other anions interact with the proton pump. ATP-dependent vesicle acidification and membrane potential (psi) were measured using the fluorescent dyes acridine orange and Oxonol V (bis(3-phenyl-5-oxoisoxasol-4-yl)pentamethine oxonol), respectively. Cl- both stimulated acidification (Km = 23.2 +/- 4.2 mM) and decreased psi (IC50 = 3.4 +/- 0.6 mM) in a concentration-dependent, nonlinear fashion. In the presence of saturating Cl- (100 mM), however, NO3- (shown to be more permeable than Cl-) and the impermeant anions SO4(2-) and PO4(2-), inhibited both ATP-dependent acidification and psi in a concentration-dependent manner. Other anions, including gluconate and HCO3-, had no effect. The inhibitory effect of NO3- was reversible. Neither SO4(2-) nor PO4(2-) appeared to block Cl- movement across the vesicle membrane as assessed by the ability of Cl- to decrease an established psi. In additional experiments, the effects of anions on relaxation of a previously established pH gradient were measured. Compared to Cl- or gluconate, NO3- had no significant effect on pH gradient relaxation, even when MVB were preloaded with NO3-, indicating that rapid cycling of NO3-/HNO3 across the MVB membrane does not occur. The organic nitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, also inhibited both acidification and psi and, similar to NO3-, had no effect on pH gradient relaxation. By contrast, NO2- potently inhibited both MVB acidification and psi but also rapidly relaxed a pre-established pH gradient, suggesting that NO2- increases MVB membrane proton permeability. Finally, MVB exhibited N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive ATPase activity that was inhibited 23.9% by NO3- (100 mM). In conclusion, although MVB are permeable to a variety of anions (Cl-, Br-, NO3-, NO2-), only Cl- and Br- support maximal rates of acidification by the proton pump. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Seaweed, Enteromorpha intestinalis, as a Diet for Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Fry

A 42-d feeding trial was carried out to assess the potential use of the seaweed Enteromorpha intestinalis (“gutweed”) as a food source for monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry and to determine a maximum threshold fishmeal substitution rate. Six fish diets randomly assigned to tilapia juvenile and in triplicate were compared: replacing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of fishmeal protein with a gutweed protein blend. Highest growth and cost reduction in tilapia fry production was observed in fish fed a 20% replacement diet.
The Value of Plasmid Profiles for Strain Identification in Lactic Streptococci and the Relationship between Streptoccocus lactis 712, ML3 and C2

Plasmid DNA from lactic streptococci was subjected to electrophoresis on agarose gels. The plasmid profiles so obtained were strain specific and sufficiently stable to suggest their use in strain differentiation. A group of Streptococcus lactis strains, 712. 763 (ML3), 505 (C2) and 2031 (C2), found to have similar plasmid profiles, were shown to be closely related. Gene transfer by transduction and conjugation occurred between members of this group at frequencies comparable to those in homologous systems and temperate phages cross plated readily between their prophage cured derivatives. Minor variations were, however, found between these four strains; slight differences in plasmid profiles, lysogenic status, prophage curability and temperate phage morphology were detected and it is suggested that these have evolved as a result of maintenance in different environments.
Effect of Maturity on Seed Sugars as Measured on Near‐Isogenic Soybean (Glycine max) Lines

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of maturity and field temperature on the concentration of sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose in soybean seed in two sets of near-isogenic lines of Clark and Harosoy. The maturity of each line within each set varied, but all lines from each set shared a common genotypic background. The results showed that in the Clark isoline set, maturity had a negative linear relationship (sugars decreased as days to maturity increased) with the concentration of sucrose (r 2 = 0.83 in 2004; r 2 = 0.94 in 2005), stachyose (r 2 = 0.51 in 2004; r 2 = 0.51 in 2005), and combined sugars (sucrose+raffinose+stachyose) (r 2 = 0.83 in 2004; r 2 = 0.91 in 2005). In the Harosoy set, there were significant negative relationships between maturity and sugars only in 2005 for sucrose, stachyose, and combined sugars. In the Clark set, temperature had a significant positive relationship with sugars in 2004 (sugars increased as temperature increased), but significant negative relationship in 2005. In the Harosoy set, there was a significant negative relationship between field temperature and sugars only in 2005. The contribution of maturity to the total variation in sugars was significantly higher than temperature. It was concluded that the effect of genotypic background and maturity genes on sugar concentration depended on the type of sugar.
Effect of Thermal Processes on the Anti-Nutritional Factors of Red Lentils

Lentils are rich in nutrients. They also have some anti-nutritional factors. The effect of different thermal processing methods namely soaking (30 °C for 10 hrs), dry roasting (in open pan for 30 mins at 150 ? ), salt bed roasting (in open pan for 30 mins at 150 ? ), microwave boiling (3 W/g for 40 mins), hot water cooking (95 ? for 40 mins) and Autoclaving (203 kPa and 121 °C for 40 mins) on vitamin A and anti-nutritional factors viz. phytates and trypsin inhibitors were investigated. Among all the processing methods , pressure cooking had the highest retention of vitamin A followed by microwave boiling. Microwave boiled lentils had the minimum a-galactosides among all the treatments. There was no significant change in the trypsin inhibitors among the treatments. Thus microwave boiling has clear impact in improving the nutritional quality of lentils.
Differential expression of AP‐2α and AP‐2β in the developing chick retina: Repression of R‐FABP promoter activity by AP‐2

Retinal fatty acid binding protein (R‐FABP) is the avian counterpart of murine brain FABP implicated in glial cell differentiation and neuronal cell migration. R‐FABP is highly expressed in the undifferentiated retina and brain of chick embryos. We have previously shown by in vitro studies that the AP‐2 transcription factor binds to a consensus AP‐2 binding site in the R‐FABP promoter region. Based on the expression pattern of AP‐2 in the developing retina and on mutational analysis of the AP‐2 binding site in DNA transfection experiments, we proposed that AP‐2 could be involved in the down‐regulation of R‐FABP transcription. Here, we describe the cDNA isolation of two members of the AP‐2 family expressed in the chick retina, AP‐2α and AP‐2β. We show that R‐FABP mRNA and the AP‐2 factors are expressed in mutually exclusive patterns in the differentiating retina: whereas AP‐2α and AP‐2β are selectively expressed either in amacrine, or in amacrine and horizontal cells, respectively, R‐FABP mRNA is found in Müller glial cells and/or bipolar cells. Furthermore, a decrease in R‐FABP‐dependent expression is obtained upon co‐transfection of primary retinal cultures with AP‐2 expression vectors and a CAT reporter construct. The early and cell‐specific expression of AP‐2α and AP‐2β in the developing retina suggest a role for this transcription factor family in the early steps of amacrine and horizontal cell differentiation. Repression of the R‐FABP gene in these cells may be an important component of their developmental program. Dev Dyn 1999;214:195–206. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ARTICLE; AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Hezuo 908) with improved efficiency

We developed an efficient and rapid Agrobacterium-mediated tomato transformation protocol by using cotyledon and hypocotyl as explants. The transgenic nature of the regenerants was confirmed through b-glucuronidase activity staining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis and northern blot analysis. In the used protocol, the optimized experimental conditions of the tomato genetic transformation were Agrobacterium liquid concentration, equivalent to optical density (OD600) of 1.0, 20 min (cotyledon) or 30 min (hypocotyl) infection time and 2 d of co-culturing period. The optimized medium for shoot induction was Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium C 0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) C 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) for cotyledon and MS C 0.5 mg/L IAA C 2.0 mg/L BAP for hypocotyl. The root induction rate was the highest on the MS medium, supplemented with 0.1 mg/L IAA. The transformation frequency reached 40% per explant. The received results are a base for a larger scale development of transformation procedure.
White clover evaluations in Northland

Abstract One hundred and twenty overseas and New Zealand lines of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were grown on flat land at Kaikohe, northern New Zealand. The scoring of performances relative to that of ‘Grasslands pitau’, the best commercial cultivar for the region, indicated scope for substantial further genetic improvement of white clover. The superiority of lines known to be resistant to stem eelworm (Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kiihn) Filipjev) indicated this pest has an important effect on relative performances of white clover in this study. Portugal and Italy were indicated as potentially useful sources of germplasm. Some material from the U.S. and Europe crossed with New Zealand plants showed improved warm-season productivity, as did some locally selected plants. Most significant for future breeding were double-cross hybrids between New Zealand and Mediterranean plants, which provided excellent cool-season production, with some improvement also in spring and summer growth.
Impacts of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Different Water Usages in Upper Egypt

A Large scale dam named as Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is currently under construction on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia. The final report of the International Panel of Experts (IPoE) on the GERD project which was submitted to the governments of Ethiopia, Sudan and if the first impounding of the GERD occurs during dry years. The present paper assesses the potential impact of the shortage of Egypt water resources that will reduce the releases from AHD due to the construction of the GERD on the Nile water in Egypt. Data was assembled and analyzed. SOBEK model was selected to be applied to the designed scenarios. The water levels so as discharges along the Nile River in Upper Egypt were produced under different water releases. Results were obtained and analyzed. The analyzed results indicated that the maximum allowable reduction in Egypt water share should not be more than 5 - 15%. So, the win–win strategy can defuse tensions between Egypt and Ethiopia over the GERD. Furthermore, Ethiopia has to agree with Egypt and Sudan on the capacity of the GERD reservoir, impounding rules of the GERD reservoir and operating rules. The results of study decision to identify possible measures to overcome water shortage problem.
Canopy Temperature Depression Association with Yield of Irrigated Spring Wheat Cultivars in a Hot Climate

This study examines the utility of measurements of canopy temperature depression (TD) below air temperature as an indirect selection criterion for grain yield in breeding of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TD differences can be rapidly assessed using a hand-held infra-red thermometer and may reflect differences in stomatal conductance. Replicated small plot experiments were conducted with 23–24 spring wheat cultivars planted at two dates in the winter cropping cycles of 1991–92 and 1992–93 at a hot low latitude location in Mexico. Across a two fold range in grain yield at each planting, TD was usually highly significantly correlated with grain yield. Averaging the results for each year, the phenotypic correlation TD vs. yield was 0.84** and 0.89** for 1991–92 and 1992–93, respectively. Correlations were strongest when TD was measured between noon and 4 pm, and were unaffected by crop stage of development (pre-heading, heading, grain fill) or timing relative to irrigation. TD was positively correlated with stomatal conductance. We discuss possible causes of these high correlations, and their implications for wheat breeding.
Solvent effects on antioxidant properties of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Daebong) seeds

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of persimmon seed extracts (PSE) using different solvents such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, and their aqueous 80% solvents. The EC 50 values of the extracts from absolute ethanol (EE) and methanol (ME) in 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay were 49.71 and 51.15 μg mL -1 , respectively, while the EC 50 of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was 70.82 μg mL -1 . However, the EC 50 value of reducing power for the absolute acetone extract (AE) was higher (210.06 μg mL -1 ) than that of BHA (212.67 μg mL -1 ). Although the absolute ME had the highest antioxidant activity, it exhibited the lowest total phenolics and flavonoids. In contrast, the antioxidant activities of the aqueous solvent extracts showed a good correlation with total phenolics and flavonoids when compared to the absolute solvent extracts. The results showed that PSE could potentially be used as an inexpensive source of natural antioxidant in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Caracterização física e química, fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante da polpa e resíduo de gabiroba

The Brazilian Cerrado has a wide range of fruit species that have not been sufficiently studied regarding their physical, chemical and functional characteristics. This study aimed to measure the physical characteristics of gabiroba tree's fruits and analyze the proximate and mineral compositions, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the gabiroba pulp and residue. The physical characteristics of greatest variability were pulp and fruit mass, especially the high pulp yield (46.24%). Gabiroba pulp and residue have high moisture and dietary fiber contents and considerable iron amounts. The gabiroba residue showed higher content of phenolic compounds (1787.65 mg AGE.100g-1) and antioxidant activity (197.13 µmol TE.g-1) than the pulp. However, the values observed in the gabiroba pulp (1222.59 mg AGE.100g-1 and 107.96 µmol TE.g-1, respectively) are higher than those of many fruits traditionally consumed. The total phenolic content showed a strong correlation (r = 0.9723) with antioxidant activity. The results indicate promising prospects for the use of the whole fruit of gabiroba tree due to its appreciable content of nutrients and phenolic compounds, and its antioxidant activity.