Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Augmentation procedures using bone substitute materials or autogenous bone - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS Bone substitute materials (BSM) are described as a reasonable alternative to autologous bone (AB) to simplify the grafting procedure. In a systematic review and meta-analysis, the influence of BSM compared to AB on treatment success in augmentation procedures of the edentulous jaw was analysed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature analysis resulted in only two studies addressing reconstruction of the totally edentulous jaw using BSM. Therefore the literature analysis was extended to partially and totally edentulous jaws. The following augmentation procedures were analysed: maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) and vertical and/or lateral alveolar ridge augmentation; guided bone regeneration (minor and contained defects) were excluded. Meta-analysis was implemented using the literature from the years 2000 to early 2014 and only studies with a mean follow-up of at least 10 months were included. RESULTS After screening 843 abstracts from the electronic database, 52 studies in qualitative and 14 in quantitative synthesis were included. In studies examining MSFA, the mean implant survival rate was 98.6% ± 2.6 for BSM, 88.6 ± 4.1% for BSM mixed with AB and 97.4 ± 2.2% for AB alone. For MSFA, meta-analysis showed a trend towards a higher implant survival when using BSM compared to AB, however the difference was not statistically significant ([OR], 0.59; [CI], 0.33-1.03). No statistically significant difference in implant survival for MSFA between BSM mixed with AB and AB was seen ([OR], 0.84; [CI], 0.5-1.42). Concerning ridge augmentation, the mean implant survival rate was 97.4 ± 2.5% for BSM, 100 ± 0% for BSM mixed with AB and 98.6 ± 2.9% for AB alone. Metaanalysis revealed no statistically significant difference in implant survival for ridge augmentation using BSM or AB ([OR], 1.85; [CI], 0.38 to 8.94). For BSM mixed with AB versus AB alone, a meta-analysis was not possible due to missing data. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitation of the meta-analytical approach taken, implant survival seems to be independent of the biomaterial used in MSFA and alveolar ridge augmentation. Therefore, based on the current literature, there is no evidence that AB is superior to BSM. The conclusions are limited by the fact that influence of defect size, augmented volume and regenerative capacity of the defects is not well described in the respective literature.
Optimal caching placement of caching system with helpers

This paper considers a cell with many caching helpers, such as femto-base stations with memories for caching files. We formulate average bit error rate (BER) as a function of caching placement in a Rayleigh flat fading channel. In order to minimize the average BER, we propose an algorithm which finds a caching placement in greedy way and prove that the caching placement found by the proposed greedy algorithm is optimal. We also show that the proposed greedy algorithm has complexity independent of file library size. It is shown that the optimal caching placement is not just caching all different files; however, for a given environment, the optimal caching placement is to balance between channel diversity gain achieved by caching the same file in multiple helpers and caching diversity gain achieved by caching different files in helpers to enlarge a set of cached-file.
OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 82 , Number 1 , January 1976 HOMOGENEOUS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS WITH SYMMETRY , AND GEOMETRY OF THE CO ADJOINT ACTION BY

In this note we announce further results on the global behaviour of the so called transitive mechanical systems [4], i.e., mechanical systems with symmetry on homogeneous spaces with an invariant riemannian metric. In the first three sections we see that many facts about the global parameters of such systems are reduced to geometrical properties of the coadjoint action (a linear one). The germ of this idea appeared in Arnold [1, especially §6] , linked to the Euler equations for Lie groups. Detailed proofs will appear in [5]. Some results here, like Theorems 1, 2, Corollary 7, etc., are implicit in [6] (noted by the referee). The author is indebted to I. Kupka for his encouragement and many helpful conversations on Lie groups.
Finite-strain Landau theory applied to the high-pressure phase transition of lead titanate

A. Tröster,1,* S. Ehsan,1 K. Belbase,1 P. Blaha,1 J. Kreisel,2,3 and W. Schranz4 1Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Material Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Wien, Austria 2Department of Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg 3Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg 4University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (Received 29 November 2016; revised manuscript received 6 February 2017; published 27 February 2017)
Refractive Status of Indigenous People in the Northwestern Amazon Region of Brazil

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the refractive status of the illiterate indigenous people of the upper Rio Negro region of the Amazon rain forest in northwestern Brazil. Methods. From an overall sample of 486 people, 259 indigenous people and 78 Brazilians between 12 and 59 years of age with no compromising optical opacities were refracted with cycloplegic retinoscopy. Subjects were categorized as indigenous if they had at least three generations of indigenous ancestry with no folklore suggesting other ancestors. Results. Myopia was rare among the indigenous population. Only 2.7% of eyes showed myopia of -1.00 D or more and 1.6% (four people) had bilateral myopia of -1.00 D or more. Half of this small group were the only educated indigenous people examined. The prevalence of astigmatism and anisometropia equal to or >1.00 D was 15.5% and 8.2%, respectively. Most of the astigmatism in the indigenous people had an against-the-rule axis. Age was not associated with the refractive errors of the indigenous people. Brazilians from the small city in which the study was performed had higher rates of myopia (6.4% of eyes and 5.1% of subjects bilaterally). Older preeducation adults also had a very low prevalence of myopia (3.2% of eyes and 2.0% of subjects), whereas the younger, slightly educated Brazilians had a higher prevalence of myopia (11.3% of eyes and 9.7% of subjects). Conclusion. The low prevalence of myopia in the illiterate indigenous people is consistent with other studies and suggests that myopia is related to literacy. The generational change among the local mixed race Brazilians further supports this conclusion. The relatively high rates of astigmatism and anisometropia in the indigenous people were unusual for a predominantly emmetropic sample.
Effects of time delay on telerobotic control of neutral buoyancy vehicles

The use of telerobots in remote locations allows humans to extend their capabilities to distant and hazardous environments. Although safer for the operator, this extension of capabilities comes at a price. Due to communication across great distances, experiencing time delays of up to several seconds is common. Any time delay in the human/robot interaction can significantly degrade the effectiveness of operator control. This paper will looks at two common instances of human-in-the-loop command of robots: command of vehicle motion and command of a manipulator to perform an assembly task. Results from three studies are summarized to show the degradation in performance caused by varying levels of time delay.
Multi-Layer neural network for sensorless MPPT control for Wind Energy Conversion System using Doubly Fed Twin Stator Induction Gnenerator

In this paper we present a new sensorless control for Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) based on Doubly Fed Twin Stator Induction Generator (DFTSIG). The aim of this control is to extract the maximum wind power and to control the power generation only by measuring phase voltages and currents. The proposed control scheme is ensured without the need of using any rotor speed or wind sensors from the aspect of reliability and increase in Cost. For that, a Multi-Layers neural network observer is introduced to estimate the rotor speed. To impose the maximum power point MPP, an extended order Luenberger observer was introduced in cascade with the neural observer to estimate the optimal aerodynamic torque. After, an approximation with another Artificial Neuronal Network observer makes it possible to estimate the wind velocity. This later will be injected in the algorithm control to impose the MPPT. Simulation results demonstrate the sensorless control device excellent performances.
Mucosal Bridge and Pitting of the True Vocal Fold: An Unusual Complication of Cidofovir Injection

We describe a unique complication of intralaryngeal cidofovir injection and present the case of a patient with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in whom both a mucosal bridge and a pit of the true vocal fold developed after intralaryngeal cidofovir injection. A 40-year-old man presented with laryngeal papillomatosis 19 years after being treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy for leiomyosarcoma of the cervical esophagus. The patient underwent 5 papillomatosis excisions combined with subepithelial injections of cidofovir to the bilateral true vocal folds at a concentration of 5 mg/mL without any complications. He subsequently received 2 higher-dose cidofovir treatments 6 weeks apart because of a poor response to the previous treatments. Two months later, there was evidence of a large mucosal bridge along the free edge of the right vocal fold and a deep pit in the lateral aspect of the same vocal fold. We conclude that repeated high-dose intralesional injection of cidofovir may result in significant morphological changes to the vocal fold, most likely due to mucosal injury.
Microfilaments and microtubules maintain endothelial integrity

The endothelium is a highly metabolic monolayer of cells regulating numerous physiological and pathological functions that maintain the permeability and thromboresistant functions of the endothelium. The structure and function of the endothelial cytoskeleton prevents vascular disease by regulating the structure of the endothelium to act as a resting molecular barrier to atherogenic proteins and by becoming an activated layer of migrating cells to repair denuding injuries. The purpose of this review is to examine the structure of the endothelial cytoskeleton and its roles in cell–cell and cell–substratum adhesion, cell signaling, and regulation of wound repair. Studies focused on the cellular and molecular biology of the structure and function of the endothelial cytoskeleton and in wound repair are reviewed. The cytoskeleton is a key regulator in maintaining endothelial integrity and in restoring integrity following injurious denudation, such as those that occur in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Actin microfilaments and their associated adherens junctions and focal adhesions are important regulators of cell signaling, cell locomotion, cell adhesion, and wound repair mechanisms. Various proteins have been implicated in controlling cytoskeletal‐based endothelial function and repair such as tyrosine kinases/phosphatases and the Rho family of proteins. The normal function of the endothelium is highly dependent on the endothelial cytoskeleton. Disruption and dysfunction of the cytoskeleton may result in impairment of endothelial function, subsequently tipping the balance towards vascular disease. Thus, an understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of the endothelial cytoskeleton is essential in our understanding of the pathogenesis of vascular disease, especially atherosclerosis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:115–127, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Salivary secretion and drug treatment in four 70-year-old Swedish cohorts during a period of 30 years.

OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine the association between drug treatment and unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva in four 70-year-old Swedish cohorts, between 1971 and 2001. BACKGROUND Both diseases and their medication can affect the salivary secretion rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was based on selected samples of four cohorts born in 1901/1902, 1906/1907, 1911/1912 and 1930/1931, respectively, a total of 1072 individuals. The response rate varied between 65% and 85%. RESULTS The mean value for the stimulated salivary secretion rate was higher in men (1.3 ± 0.8 ml/min) than in women (1.0 ± 0.7 ml/min) (p < 0.001)). There was a significant association between the salivary secretion rate and the number of drugs among both women (p < 0.01) and men (p < 0.001). This influence was most pronounced in participants who were treated with cardiovascular drugs, mainly diuretics and non-selective β-adrenoceptor blockers, but also with antipsychotics and antidepressants, even when adjusted for cohort, gender, number of teeth and other drugs. There was an increase in treatment with medicines during the three decades. CONCLUSION In these four groups of 70-year-old participants, high drug consumption was associated with lower salivary flow. Unstimulated secretion was only affected in women and then, when taking four or more drugs. Pronounced hyposalivation was, however, uncommon. Cardiovascular drugs, antidepressants and antipsychotics were associated with low salivary secretion. In this age group, the frequently observed association between polypharmacy and a lower saliva secretion rate represents a risk of impaired dental health.
Novel Scheme of Oversampling Spread Spectrum Roll-Off OFDM for PAPR Reduction

It is noted that OFDM has a good spectral efficiency. However, it has a high peak to average power ratio. In this paper, we propose a novel technique called Oversampling Spread Spectrum Roll-off OFDM (OSSR-OFDM) to reduce PAPR of OFDM signal. In OSSR-OFDM, each subcarrier forms nyquist pulse by spreading in frequency domain. The results of computer simulation show that our proposal with a lager roll-off factor can reduce the PAPR more effectively compared with conventional OFDM and CI/OFDM. There is no degradation in BER performance and no increasing in the out-of-band radiations in our proposal with alpha=0.2.
Changes on the horizon for consumer genomics in the EU

Test results may no longer be available directly to consumers Although the direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing market has been developing for over a decade, effective oversight has been challenging, with regulations remaining complex and often unclear. Recent developments indicate that important changes in the regulatory landscape may be imminent. In November 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) halted the DTC genetic testing company 23andMe from marketing its “Personal Genome Service” without marketing clearance or approval, which highlighted concerns over potential adverse health consequences of the genome-wide testing offered (1). The company has no timeline for when it will offer health-related genetic testing again in the United States (2). Meanwhile, in the European Union (EU), a proposed regulation could limit availability of such test results directly to consumers. We describe this ongoing revision of the EU in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device directive and how this may drastically affect market authorization of genetic tests.
Stabilitätsverhalten von zweistufig entworfenen zeitdiskreten PI-Zustandsreglern bei Stellgrößenbegrenzungen

Zusammenfassung Nachweise für die Stabilität von Regelkreisen, deren Stellgrößen an ihre Begrenzungen gelangen können und bei denen die Regler Integratoren oder andere dynamische Glieder sowie Anti-Windup-Maßnahmen enthalten, sind gewöhnlich sehr aufwändig zu führen. Bei PI-Zustandsreglern, die mittels der in [1]vorgestellten Methode in einem mehrstufigen Verfahren für Regelstrecken entworfen wurden, die bis auf die Stellgrößenbegrenzungen linear sind, lassen sich jedoch äußerst hilfreiche allgemeine Stabilitätsaussagen treffen, die den konkreten Stabilitätsnachweis für das Gesamtsystem – selbst unter Einbeziehung von Beobachtern – erheblich vereinfachen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die diesbezüglichen, auf Steuerbarkeitsbetrachtungen beruhenden, Zusammenhänge für zeitdiskrete Regelkreise aufgezeigt sowie daraus exemplarisch mittels Ljapunow-Funktionen eine einfache Reglerformel für Zustandsregler abgeleitet, die auch im Begrenzungsfall stabil arbeiten. Ein Beispiel aus der elektrischen Antriebstechnik illustriert die Anwendbarkeit der vorgestellten Methode.
Interactions of CCCH Zinc Finger Proteins with mRNA

The CCCH family of tandem zinc finger proteins has recently been shown to promote the turnover of certain mRNAs containing class II AU-rich elements (AREs). In the case of one member of this family, tristetraprolin (TTP), absence of the protein in knockout mice leads to stabilization of two mRNAs containing AREs of this type, those encoding tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. To begin to decipher the mechanism by which these zinc finger proteins stimulate the breakdown of this class of mRNAs, we co-transfected TTP and its related CCCH proteins into 293 cells with vectors encoding full-length TNFα, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-3 mRNAs. Co-expression of the CCCH proteins caused the rapid turnover of these ARE-containing mRNAs and also promoted the accumulation of stable breakdown intermediates that were truncated at the 3′-end of the mRNA, even further 5′ than the 5′-end of the poly(A) tail. To determine whether an intact poly(A) tail was necessary for TTP to promote this type of mRNA degradation, we inserted the TNFα ARE into a nonpolyadenylated histone mRNA and also attached a histone 3′-end-processing sequence to the 3′-end of nonpolyadenylated interleukin-3 and TNFα mRNAs. In all three cases, TTP stimulated the turnover of the ARE-containing mRNAs, despite the demonstrated absence of a poly(A) tail. These studies indicate that members of this class of CCCH proteins can promote class II ARE-containing mRNA turnover even in the absence of a poly(A) tail, suggesting that the processive removal of the poly(A) tail may not be required for this type of CCCH protein-stimulated mRNA turnover.
A 1.2V, 200&#181;W rail-to-rail Op Amp with 90dB THD using replica gain enhancement

This paper presents an architecture for a high-swing 1.2 V low-power fully differential class-AB amplifier with a DC-gain of 52 dB. A low-voltage differential input stage is applied as the basic architecture. The replica gain enhancement technique is used to increase the DC-gain by 20 dB without degrading the output swing. Furthermore, this gain enhancement concept does not increase the minimal supply voltage and also allows scaling of the replica amplifier. The power dissipation is 200 µW providing a gainbandwidth (GBW) of 1.9 MHz at a capacitive load of 30 pF and a THD of 90 dB.
Method for estimating the spheric aberration of the human crystalline lens in vivo.

PURPOSE The authors describe a method for estimating the spheric aberration (SA) of the human crystalline lens in vivo. METHODS This method was based on a comparison of the measured change in contrast sensitivity (delta log (CSF)) of the eye and the calculated change in modulation transfer function of the cornea with undilated and dilated pupils. The method assumes that the total change in visual efficiency (delta log (CSF)) in these two states is caused entirely by the SA of the eye combined with the Stiles-Crawford effect. RESULTS Data are reported for 20 subjects (age range, 20-56 yr). SA for the whole eye was found to be positive and in the range 0-0.83 D (0-0.80 D using Stiles-Crawford apodization). The SA of the crystalline lens was generally negative and in the range 0 to -0.81 D (0 to -0.78 D using apodization). CONCLUSIONS The method gives results consistent with previous reports in the literature. Despite potential limitations, the technique offers a new method for estimating the SA of the human crystalline lens in vivo.
Patients with chronic leg ulcers show diminished levels of vitamins A and E, carotenes, and zinc.

BACKGROUND Nutrition plays an important role in the wound healing process, particularly in the elderly. OBJECTIVE Comparison of nutritional serum indices between patients with chronic leg ulcers and an age-matched control population. METHODS Seventeen patients with chronic leg ulcers (age range 47-90) were studied. A panel of vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, B12, E), trace elements (zinc, copper, iron), folate, and carotene levels were screened on fasting blood samples. Study data were compared with data obtained from the nutritional status survey (NSS) in the greater Boston area. RESULTS Significantly lower levels of vitamin A (P < 0.0001), zinc (P < 0. 0001 men, P = 0.027 women) and carotenes (P = 0.0023 men, P = 0.0067 women) were found in chronic ulcer patients. Significantly lower levels of vitamin E (P < 0.009) were observed in the men with a tendency to lower levels in women. CONCLUSION Elderly Bostonian patients with chronic leg ulcers have low levels of vitamins A and E, carotenes, and zinc. Nutritional deficiency or increased consumption of nutritional elements in these patients may influence wound healing rates.
Attenuated vaccinia virus-circumsporozoite protein recombinants confer protection against rodent malaria

NYVAC-based vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) were evaluated in the Plasmodium berghei rodent malaria model system. Immunization of mice with a NYVAC-based CSP recombinant elicited a high level of protection (60 to 100%). Protection did not correlate with CS repeat-specific antibody responses and was abrogated by in vivo CD8+ T-cell depletion. Protection was not enhanced by modification of the subcellular localization of CSP. These results suggest the potential of poxvirus-based vectors for the development of vaccine candidates for human malaria.
Injuries in Australian school-level rugby union

ABSTRACT There is a high incidence of injuries in rugby union due to the physical nature of the game. In youth rugby union, there are large variations in injury rates reported. Our study investigated the rates of injuries in school-level rugby union players in Australia using the consensus statement for rugby union injuries. Injury surveillance was conducted on 480 rugby players from 1 school in Queensland, Australia. Injury data were collected using paper-based injury recording forms during the 8-week rugby season using a “medical-attention” injury definition. In total, 76 players sustained one or more injuries, with a total of 80 injuries recorded. The overall injury rate was 31.8 injuries/1000 match player hours (95% CI, 25.4–39.4). Concussion had an incidence rate of 6.0/1000 match player hours (95% CI, 3.5–9.6). The incidence of upper limb and lower limb injuries were 9.1 and 9.9/1000 match player hours, respectively (95% CI, 5.9–13.5 and 6.6–14.5). The older age divisions had higher injury rates and most injuries occurred while tackling or being tackled. The injury rates observed in this sample of Australian school rugby union players provides direction for future studies to enable informed decisions relating to development of injury prevention programmes at this level of rugby.