Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spirituality and 21st Century School Leadership

The current status of educational reform issues related to general education and special educationprovides the opportunity for the creation of a system that encompasses the goals of both groups in acohesive manner. Previously, these issues have been addressed separately; however, recent researchidentifies a progression of change in the focus of ideas in both general education and specialeducation. The first two phases of school reform focused initially on raising standards and then onteacher empowerment and site-based management. The current phase of school reform focuses onthe instructional needs of the individual student and rejects the premise that instructional needs warranta dual system of education. Rather, current efforts are characterized by general education and specialeducation sharing responsibility for the learning of all students as evidenced by the Response toIntervention initiative (Allington, 2009). These emerging insights pave the way for collaborative effortswhen addressing the learning needs of increasingly diverse students.
STAT3 the oncogene – still eluding therapy?

The STAT family of transcription factors (signal transducers and activators of transcription) transduce signals from cytokine receptors to the nucleus, where STAT dimers bind to DNA and regulate transcription. STAT3 is the most ubiquitous of the STATs, being activated by a wide variety of cytokines and growth factors. STAT3 has many roles in physiological processes such as inflammatory signalling, aerobic glycolysis and immune suppression, and was also the first family member shown to be aberrantly activated in a wide range of both solid and liquid tumours. STAT3 promotes tumorigenesis by regulating the expression of various target genes, including cell‐cycle regulators, angiogenic factors and anti‐apoptosis genes. Paradoxically, in some circumstances, STAT3 signalling induces cell death. The best known example is the involuting mammary gland, where STAT3 is essential for induction of a lysosomal pathway of cell death. Nevertheless, direct silencing or inhibition of STAT3 diminishes tumour growth and survival in both animal and human studies. This suggests that abolishing STAT3 activity may be an effective cancer therapeutic strategy. However, despite this potential as a therapeutic target, and the extensive attempts by many laboratories and pharmaceutical companies to develop an effective STAT3 inhibitor for use in the clinic, no direct STAT3 inhibitor has been approved for clinical use. In this review, we focus on the role of STAT3 in tumorigenesis, and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Antioxidant supplementation and risk of incident melanomas: results of a large prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether antioxidant supplement use is associated with melanoma risk in light of recently published data from the Supplementation in Vitamins and Mineral Antioxidants (SUVIMAX) study, which reported a 4-fold higher melanoma risk in women randomized to receive a supplement with nutritionally appropriate doses of antioxidants. DESIGN Population-based prospective study (Vitamins and Lifestyle [VITAL] cohort). SETTING Western Washington State. PARTICIPANTS A total of 69 671 men and women who self-reported (1) intake of multivitamins and supplemental antioxidants, including selenium and beta carotene, during the past 10 years and (2) melanoma risk factors on a baseline questionnaire. Main Outcome Measure Incident melanoma identified through linkage to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry. RESULTS Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariable relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for multivitamin, supplemental selenium, and supplemental beta carotene use. After adjusting for melanoma risk factors, we did not detect a significant association between multivitamin use and melanoma risk in women (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.78-1.66) or in men (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.83-1.43). Moreover, we did not observe increased melanoma risk with the use of supplemental beta carotene (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.48-1.56) or selenium (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.69-1.41) at doses comparable with those of the SUVIMAX study. Conclusion Antioxidants taken in nutritional doses do not seem to increase melanoma risk.
Synergistic induction of apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells after treatment with all-trans retinoic acid in combination with interleukin-21 and rituximab.

AIM B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in the Western world and characterized by the progressive expansion of malignant B lymphocytes in peripheral blood. In spite of advances in sciences to recognize the number of effective agents for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), this leukemia is thought as incurable one. Introducing a new therapy that has a direct effect on B-CLL lymphocytes and no cytotoxic effects on the other cells is a great wish. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one patients with B-CLL were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from patients' blood samples and were further treated with all-tans retinoic acid (ATRA), interleukin (IL-21), and rituximab at concentrations of 30 ng/ml, 25 ng/ml, and 4 μg/ml, respectively. ATRA, IL21, and rituximab were used alone or in various combinations and their effects on apoptosis were measured using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate apoptosis detection kit. RESULT Treatment of the patients' cells with IL21 and rituximab showed a synergistic effect on the induction of apoptosis, in comparison with untreated CLL cells (P < 0.05). The induction of apoptosis by ATRA in combination with IL21 and rituximab were significantly increased compared to untreated CLL cells as a negative control (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Treatment of patients' PBMCs by ATRA in combination with IL21 and rituximab and also IL21 in combination with rituximab showed synergistic induction of apoptosis compared to untreated CLL cells as a negative control (P < 0.01). It seems that ATRA in combination with IL21 and rituximab activate different pathways of apoptosis (extrinsic pathway, intrinsic pathway, and granzyme B pathway).
Protective role of hydrogen peroxide in oxygen‐deprived dopaminergic neurones of the rat substantia nigra

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species, responsible for cytotoxic damage through the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Dopamine (DA) neurones of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are highly sensitive to metabolic stress, and they typically respond to energy deprivation with membrane hyperpolarization, mainly through opening of ATP‐dependent K+ channels. Accordingly, H2O2 (3 mm) induced a tolbutamide‐sensitive outward current in DA neurones. Conversely, in a hypoxic medium, H2O2 reverted membrane hyperpolarization, which is associated with oxygen deprivation in DA neurones, restored their action potential firing, and reduced the hypoxia‐mediated outward current in a concentration‐dependent manner, between 0.1 and 3 mm (IC50 0.6 ± 0.1 mm). Notably, H2O2 did not counteract membrane hyperpolarization associated with hypoglycaemia, moreover, when catalase was inhibited with 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (3‐AT; 30 mm), H2O2 did not reduce hypoxia‐mediated outward current. The counteracting action of H2O2 on hypoxia‐mediated effects was further confirmed by single‐unit extracellular recordings of presumed DA neurones in acute midbrain slices preparations, using a planar multi‐electrode array device. Whilst a prolonged period of hypoxia (40 min) caused firing suppression, which did not recover after perfusion in normoxic conditions, the presence of H2O2 (3 mm) during this prolonged hypoxic period rescued most of the neurones from irreversible firing inhibition. Accordingly, morphological studies showed that H2O2 counteracts the cytochrome c release provoked by prolonged hypoxic treatment. Taken together, our data suggest that H2O2 prevents the metabolic stress of DA neurones induced by hypoxia by serving as a supplementary source of molecular oxygen, through its degradation by catalase.
Micro Politics of Social Safety Net Programmes: The Case of the Food‐For‐Work Programme in Bangladesh

A number of studies have established that politics has a role in shaping and implementing Social Safety Net Programmes (SSNPs) and, conversely, SSNPs also influence national or local politics. This study qualitatively analyzes the micro level political discourses of the Food‐For‐Work programme, one of the top 10 SSNPs in Bangladesh, using the concepts of access, institutions and agency under livelihood framework. The analysis of the findings reveals that the programme is not effective in terms of the stated objectives of reducing poverty, but rather serves the interest of political elites. Beneficiary access to the projects depends on categorical membership, ability to participate and gender, which lead the programme to be reduced to subsidized infrastructure projects.
Composite Rhytidectomy

Signs of aging in the face reflect the change in position of deep anatomic elements, which are the platysma muscle, cheek fat, and the orbicularis oculi muscle. These changes occur from progressive ptosis of these elements, which continue to keep their intimate relationship with each other throughout the aging process. Conventional face lift procedures disrupt this normal relationship by separating the skin from these elements. All SMAS techniques reposition only the platysma muscle without repositioning the cheek fat and orbicularis muscle. This composite rhytidectomy allows elevation of a composite musculocutaneous flap containing all three elements for repositioning while maintaining their intimate relationship with each other and with the skin. One-hundred and sixty-seven composite rhytidectomies have been done with impressive results and minimal complications.
Imipramine‐Induced c‐Fos Expression in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex is Decreased in the ACTH‐Treated Rats

Previous studies have shown that the antidepressive‐like effect of tricyclic antidepressants is blocked by repeated treatments with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). However, little is known about the neuroanatomy underlying the mechanism of the imipramine treatment‐resistant depression model. In the present study, first experimental evidence showed no significant difference of the serum imipramine concentrations between the saline and ACTH‐treated rats. In further study, imipramine produced significant increases in the c‐Fos expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DGH), and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), in rats repeatedly treated with saline. The imipramine‐increased c‐Fos immunoreactivity was suppressed in the mPFC of rats repeatedly treated with ACTH. However, there was no significant difference in c‐Fos expression in the DGH and CeA between ACTH‐ and saline‐treated rats. These results suggest that the mPFC is maybe involved in effects of the imipramine in the ACTH‐treated rats. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:486‐491, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21510
A Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharide (CP) vaccine and CP-specific antibodies protect mice against bacterial challenge

The efficacy of capsular polysaccharide (CP)-specific antibodies elicited by active immunization with vaccines composed of Staphylococcus aureus types 5 and 8 CP linked to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoprotein A or with immune immunoglobulin G (I-IgG) obtained from vaccinated plasma donors was tested in lethal and sublethal bacterial mouse challenge models. A dose of 2 x 10(5) CFU of S. aureus type 5 CP per mouse administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 5% hog mucin was found to cause 80 to 100% mortality in BALB/c mice within 2 to 5 days. Mice passively immunized i.p. 24 h earlier or subcutaneously 48 h earlier with 0.5 ml of I-IgG showed significantly higher average survival rates than animals receiving standard IgG or saline (P < 0.01) following the bacterial challenge. Animals actively immunized with the monovalent type 5 CP-P. aeruginosa exoprotein A conjugate showed a survival rate of 73% compared with 13% in phosphate-buffered saline-immunized animals. The prechallenge geometric mean titer of type 5 CP antibodies in animals that died was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of animals which survived the challenge (95.7 versus 223.6 micrograms/ml, respectively). The IgG was further evaluated in mice challenged i.p. with a sublethal dose of 5 x 10(4) CFU per mouse. Serial blood counts were performed on surviving animals at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Surviving animals were sacrificed at 72 h, and bacterial counts were performed on their kidneys, livers, and peritoneal lavage fluids. Animals receiving I-IgG had lower bacterial counts in blood samples and lower bacterial densities in kidneys, livers, and peritoneal lavage samples than mice immunized with standard IgG (P < 0.05). These data suggest that S. aureus type 5 CP antibodies induced by active immunization or administered by passive immunization confer protection against S. aureus infections.
Hexaaquanickel diorotate(1-) dihydrate at 150 K.

In hexaaquanickel bis(2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylate) dihydrate, [Ni(H(2)O)(6)](C(5)H(3)N(2)O(4))(2). 2H(2)O, the nickel cation is coordinated by six aqua ligands and only associated with the two orotate ions through hydrogen bonds. The structure is isotypic with the magnesium and zinc analogues. The metal cation sits on a crystallographic center of inversion that relates the water molecules and the organic anions. The orotate moieties form an unbonded one-dimensional chain mediated by a hydrogen-bonded self-recognition interaction. The hexaaquanickel complex molecules bridge these chains laterally, acting as molecular clamps that bring neighboring layers nearer than expected. As a result of this three-dimensional arrangement, a short contact of 3.166 (5) A is observed between two C atoms of two adjacent ribbons.
Detection of newly antibody‐defined epitopes on HLA class I alleles reacting with antibodies induced during pregnancy

The determination of HLA mismatch acceptability at the epitope level can be best performed with epitopes that have been verified experimentally with informative antibodies. The website‐based International Registry of HLA Epitopes (http://www.epregistry.com.br) has a list of 81 antibody‐verified HLA‐ABC epitopes but more epitopes need to be added. Pregnancy offers an attractive model to study antibody responses to mismatched HLA epitopes which can be readily determined from the HLA types of child and mother. This report describes a HLAMatchmaker‐based analysis of 16 postpregnancy sera tested in single HLA‐ABC allele binding assays. Most sera reacted with alleles carrying epitopes that have been antibody‐verified, and this study focused on the reactivity of additional alleles that share other epitopes corresponding to eplets and other amino acid residue configurations. This analysis led in the identification of 16 newly antibody‐defined epitopes, seven are equivalent to eplets and nine correspond to combinations of eplets in combination with other nearby residue configurations. These epitopes will be added to the repertoire of antibody‐verified epitopes in the HLA Epitope Registry.
Multifunctional scanning ion conductance microscopy

Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a nanopipette-based technique that has traditionally been used to image topography or to deliver species to an interface, particularly in a biological setting. This article highlights the recent blossoming of SICM into a technique with a much greater diversity of applications and capability that can be used either standalone, with advanced control (potential–time) functions, or in tandem with other methods. SICM can be used to elucidate functional information about interfaces, such as surface charge density or electrochemical activity (ion fluxes). Using a multi-barrel probe format, SICM-related techniques can be employed to deposit nanoscale three-dimensional structures and further functionality is realized when SICM is combined with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), with simultaneous measurements from a single probe opening up considerable prospects for multifunctional imaging. SICM studies are greatly enhanced by finite-element method modelling for quantitative treatment of issues such as resolution, surface charge and (tip) geometry effects. SICM is particularly applicable to the study of living systems, notably single cells, although applications extend to materials characterization and to new methods of printing and nanofabrication. A more thorough understanding of the electrochemical principles and properties of SICM provides a foundation for significant applications of SICM in electrochemistry and interfacial science.
Eight small subunits of Euglena ribulose 1‐5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase are translated from a large mRNA as a polyprotein.

The small subunit (SSU) of ribulose 1‐5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase is a 15 kd protein in Euglena gracilis. The protein is synthesized as a 130 kd precursor as shown by immunoprecipitation of in vitro translation products and confirmed by immunoprecipitation of in vivo pulse‐labeled Euglena proteins. From the published SSU amino acid sequence, an oligonucleotide was synthesized that specifically hybridizes to a large mRNA whose length (approximately 4.3 kb) is consistent with the precursor size. The complete nucleotide sequence of the SSU mRNA was obtained by sequencing a cDNA clone from a lambda gt11 library and completed by direct mRNA sequencing. We report for the first time the complete sequence of a large mRNA and show that it encodes eight consecutive SSU mature molecules. The deduced precursor amino acid sequence shows that the amino terminus of the first SSU molecule is preceded by a 134 amino acid peptide which is cleaved during the maturation process. This long transit peptide exhibits features characteristic of signal peptides involved in the secretion of proteins through the endoplasmic reticulum. This is in agreement with the idea that the third (outer) membrane of the Euglena chloroplast envelope is of endoplasmic reticulum origin.
Research on Investment Preference and the MAX Effect in Chinese Stock Market

Abstract Investors prefer to invest the stocks with high history returns, which results in that the return of the stock with high history maximum return is often lower than that with low history maximum return, i.e., the MAX effect. We show that the MAX effect is also significant in China stock market, that is, there is a significant negative relationship between maximum return and expected return. We then conduct portfolio analysis and Fama-Macbeth cross-sectional regression and find that range of price and turnover rate can explain the MAX effect in a certain extent, idiosyncratic volatility and idiosyncratic skewness cannot explain the negative relationship between maximum return and expected return. Moreover, maximum return explains the idiosyncratic volatility puzzle partially.
DETERMINATE and LATE FLOWERING Are Two TERMINAL FLOWER1/CENTRORADIALIS Homologs That Control Two Distinct Phases of Flowering Initiation and Development in Pea Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.015701.

Genes in the TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1)/CENTRORADIALIS family are important key regulatory genes involved in the control of flowering time and floral architecture in several different plant species. To understand the functions of TFL1 homologs in pea, we isolated three TFL1 homologs, which we have designated PsTFL1a, PsTFL1b, and PsTFL1c. By genetic mapping and sequencing of mutant alleles, we demonstrate that PsTFL1a corresponds to the DETERMINATE (DET) gene and PsTFL1c corresponds to the LATE FLOWERING (LF) gene. DET acts to maintain the indeterminacy of the apical meristem during flowering, and consistent with this role, DET expression is limited to the shoot apex after floral initiation. LF delays the induction of flowering by lengthening the vegetative phase, and allelic variation at the LF locus is an important component of natural variation for flowering time in pea. The most severe class of alleles flowers early and carries either a deletion of the entire PsTFL1c gene or an amino acid substitution. Other natural and induced alleles for LF, with an intermediate flowering time phenotype, present no changes in the PsTFL1c amino acid sequence but affect LF transcript level in the shoot apex: low LF transcript levels are correlated with early flowering, and high LF transcript levels are correlated with late flowering. Thus, different TFL1 homologs control two distinct aspects of plant development in pea, whereas a single gene, TFL1, performs both functions in Arabidopsis. These results show that different species have evolved different strategies to control key developmental transitions and also that the genetic basis for natural variation in flowering time may differ among plant species.
The vagus.

The surgical physiology of the vagus is reviewed with respect to vagotomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. All types of vagotomy (truncal, selective gastric, or proximal gastric) produce similar reduction in acid secretion and comparable elevation in serum gastrin. The evidence is mounting that the vagus may have opposing influences on gastrin release: stimulation and inhibition. Division of only the extragastric vagal branches leads to withdrawal of an inhibitory mechanism rendering the denervated stomach more sensitive to the action of gastrin. The loss of this vagally controlled inhibitory mechanism, rather than more meticulous dissection, may explain the higher incidence of more complete vagotomies in selective than in truncal vagotomy. Proximal gastric vagotomy may be the ideal elective operation yet devised for duodenal ulcer. It does, however, cause elevation in serum gastrin and more than 90 per cent of patients after this operation will have positive insulin test in two to four years. This is higher than the positivity seen with truncal vagotomy. Results of controlled trials are needed before this operation becomes fully established.
Unraveling the DNA methylome of atherosclerosis

Purpose of review Epigenetic mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in atherosclerosis have gained an increasing interest in recent years. We focus on the relevance of DNA methylation, a well characterized epigenetic modification of the genome, as a biomarker and underlying mechanism of atherosclerosis. Recent findings A growing number of loci have been identified, which are good candidate biomarkers for atherosclerosis and provide novel insights into the molecular changes taking place in the diseased vessel. Understanding the global change in DNA methylation during atherosclerosis remains a challenge. Novel unfolding research avenues include the interplay between genetic variants and DNA methylation patterns, and the role of long noncoding RNAs as epigenetic regulators. Summary Epigenetics continues to represent a promising area of research in atherosclerosis. The full exploitation of cutting edge epigenomics will be decisive to define whether epigenetics will contribute to lower the burden of cardiovascular diseases.