Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Soil Contributing to Climate Change Mitigation during Woody Encroachment? A Case Study on the Italian Alps

Background and Objectives: Over the last few decades, the European mountain environment has been characterized by the progressive abandonment of agro-pastoral activities and consequent forest expansion due to secondary succession. While woody encroachment is commonly considered as a climate change mitigation measure, studies suggest a still uncertain role of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in contributing to climate change mitigation during this process. Therefore, the objective of the study is to investigate the possible SOC variations occurring as a consequence of the secondary succession process at the provincial level in an Alpine area in Italy. Materials and Methods: A chronosequence approach was applied to identify, in five different study areas of the Belluno province, the land use/land cover change over four different stages of natural succession, from managed grazing land to secondary forest developed on abandoned grazing land. In each chronosequence stage, soil samples were collected down to the bedrock (0–60 cm depth) to determine the changes in the SOC stock due to the woody encroachment process. Results: In all areas, small or no significant (p < 0.05) SOC stock changes were observed during the secondary succession in the upper 30 cm of mineral soil, while significant changes were evident in the 30–60 cm compartment, with the SOC stock significantly decreasing from 30% to 60% in the final stage of the succession. This fact indicates the great importance of considering also the subsoil when dealing with land use/land cover change dynamics. Conclusions: The recorded trend in SOC has been proved to be the opposite in other Italian regions, so our results indicate the importance of local observation and data collection to correctly evaluate the soil contribution to climate change mitigation during woody encroachment.
CRWMS: Bipartite Network Embedding based on Constrained Random Walk and Mixed-Skipgram

A bipartite network is a basic representation model in recommendation systems, in which the explicit links (e.g., representing user-item rating information) only exist between heterogeneous nodes (e.g., users and items). Most traditional bipartite network embedding methods only consider the explicit network structure, but ignore semantic relations and rating information therein. To solve this deficiency, we designed a new bipartite network embedding approach based on the Constrained Random Walk and Mixed-Skipgram (CRWMS). Specifically, we propose a constrained random walk strategy that produces the mixed local sampling sequences, and further adopt the splitting operation to preserve both explicit and implicit structural information. Furthermore, we propose a novel and effective mixed-skipgram model to discern node representation vectors through joint training of explicit and implicit structural sequences. We compare CRWMS with five state-of-the-art network embedding methods on three real-world bipartite networks. Experiments show that our approach improves performance in edge classification, edge clustering, recommendation and link reconstruction tasks.
Identificação fenotípica e genotípica de cepas de estafilococos oriundas de uma unidade de abate de aves

Varios tipos de alimentos sao implicados em intoxicacoes gastrointestinais por Staphylococcus aureus , sendo frequentemente relacionado com carne e derivados, devido as propriedades de atividade de agua, pH, nutrientes e a extensiva manipulacao destes alimentos durante o processamento. Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar cepas potencialmente toxigenicas de Staphylococcus isoladas de diferentes nichos em uma unidade de abate de frango de corte, bem como avaliar a resistencia a diferentes antimicrobianos. De um total de 120 isolados, 75 foram considerados como tipicos do genero Staphylococcus , sendo 63,7% coagulase positiva e 37,3% coagulase negativa. Pela tecnica de Reacao em Cadeia de Polimerase (PCR) confirmou-se que 86,67% dos isolados eram pertencentes ao genero Staphylococcus pela deteccao do gene tuf e 77,33% da especie S. aureus pela amplificacao do gene nuc. Verificou-se a presenca do gene sec em duas cepas, sendo uma delas estafilococos coagulase negativa. A maioria dos isolados foram resistentes a sulfonamida (98,5%), acido nalidixico (89,3%) e penicilina G (87,70%). Dentre os isolados resistentes a penicilina, 4,60% foram oxacilina resistentes e 1,5% vancomicina resistentes. Palavras-chave: Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negativa, resistencia a antibioticos, enterotoxinas
Detection and comparison of malaria by conventional, rapid immuno chromatographic and molecular technique

Background: Mosquito-borne diseases are the major concern in public health. Malaria is a protozoal disease caused by the parasites of the Genus Plasmodium - Plasmodium vivax , Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale, which are transmitted by the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes. Prevalence of malaria worldwide is about 35%. Malarial infections can be diagnosed by peripheral smear, rapid immunochromatography and molecular technique. This study is focused on Plasmodium species detection by using species specific primers for diagnosis. Aim and objective of this study was to detect and compare the Plasmodium species by conventional, rapid immunochromatographic and molecular technique in patients suspected for pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) attending a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The study was carried out at SRM MCH and RC, Tamil Nadu, India, from January 2018 to February 2019 after the institutional ethical committee approval. This was an observational study. Malarial parasites were identified in peripheral blood smear by conventional method (thick smear and thin smear), rapid immunochromatographic technique (serological technique using whole blood) and molecular technique. DNA extraction from whole blood done by spine column technique. Amplification and gel documentation done. Results: Total 83 blood samples were collected from patients with clinical diagnosis of PUO. Out of 83 samples 5 (6%) samples were positive for Plasmodium vivax species by conventional method, rapid immunochromatographic and molecular technique. Conclusions: In this study, Plasmodium vivax is the species identified by conventional peripheral blood smear method, rapid immunochromatographic and molecular method.
The Effects of Fish Trap Mesh Size on Reef Fish Catch off Southeastern Florida

Catch and mesh selectivity of wire-meshed fish traps were tested for eleven different mesh sizes ranging from 13 X 13 mm (0.5 x 0.5") to 76 x 152 mm (3 X 6"). A total of 1,810 fish (757 kg) representing 85 species and 28 families were captured during 330 trap hauls off southeastern Florida from December 1986 to July 1988. Mesh size significantly affected catches. The 1.5" hexagonal mesh caught the most fish by number, weight, and value. Catches tended to decline as meshes got smaller or larger. Individual fish size increased with larger meshes. Laboratory mesh retention experiments showed relationships between mesh shape and size and individual retention for snapper (Lutjanidae), grouper (Serranidae), jack (Carangidae), porgy (Sparidae), and surgeonfish (Acanthuridae). These relationships may be used to predict the effect of mesh sizes on catch rates. Because mesh size and shape greatly influenced catchability, regulating mesh size may provide a useful basis for managing the commercial trap fishery.
An Augmented Regression Model for Tensors With Missing Values

Heterogeneous but complementary sources of data provide an unprecedented opportunity for developing accurate statistical models of systems. Although the existing methods have shown promising results, they are mostly applicable to situations where the system output is measured in its complete form. In reality, however, it may not be feasible to obtain the complete output measurement of a system, which results in observations that contain missing values. This article introduces a general framework that integrates tensor regression with tensor completion and proposes an efficient optimization framework that alternates between two steps for parameter estimation. Through multiple simulations and a case study, we evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results indicate the superiority of the proposed method in comparison to a benchmark. Note to Practitioners—The proposed method aims to obtain an accurate estimation of the regression model when certain entries of the response are inaccessible. By considering both the information from multiple inputs and the structure of the response, our proposed method can achieve more accurate estimation of the output tensor. In order to apply the proposed method in practice, two assumptions should hold. First, the response tensor should be low-rank, meaning that fewer variation patterns should exist in the response than its dimensions. Second, the relationship between the input tensors and the response should be linear or approximately linear. The presented method in this article uses tensor decomposition techniques to exploit the correlation structures of the high-dimensional data and prevent overfitting. Another benefit of our integrated framework is that the rank of the response tensor converges automatically, which can be used directly in the parameter estimation.
pH-indicating properties and storage stability of a smart edible film based on nopal-mucilage/gellan gum and red cabbage anthocyanins

Nopal mucilage is a complex polysacchari with great potential in the preparation of films for food packaging. In this work, a smart edible film was developed with pH-indicating capabilities based on nopal mucilage/gellan gum, and red cabbage anthocyanins (70:20 w/w, and 10%, respectively). Physical properties, appearance, and colorimetric functionality were characterized at a pH range 2.5-5.9. Color stability, measured by CIELAB, was tested with different storage conditions and time, and interpreted by differential tristimulus colorimetry. Results showed films with uniform appearance, flexibility, easyhandling, and excellent color response within the pH range studied. The evolution of color difference (∆E*ab) confirmed that the colorimetric functionality of films was stable at short storage periods (8 days) under natural conditions of sunlight and oxygen exposure, whereas a more extended storage period affected the films. Results showed that the film is an excellent barrier and presents color changes triggered by pH changes.
Evaluation of Seed Dressing Pesticides on Barely Shoot Fly, Delia flavibasis and Barely Stripe, Pyrenophora graminea Disease in South-Eastern Ethiopia

During meher season, 2013 and 2014, the efficacy of two seed dressing pesticides Apron Star 42 WS and Joint TM 246 FS, possessing fungicidal and insecticidal characteristics were evaluated against plant disease (barley stripe) and insect pest (barley shootfly) in two rates and 11 locations, 8 in Arsi and West Arsi zones, and 3 in Bale zone, in South-eastern Ethiopia. Pooled zone average data revealed that Apron Star 42 WS and JointTM 246 FS with higher rates, 250g and 200m/100kgseed, respectively, give a better control of barley shootfly under Bale zone circumstances where this pest is most prevalent and severe. The lower rates of Apron Star 42 WS (125g/100kgseed) and JointTM 246 FS (100ml/100kgseed) did not significantly differ from their higher rates in barley stripe management in all zones and shootfly in Arsi and West Arsi zones, and thus, both higher and lower rates of both seed treatment pesticides are recommended to be used as one of the components of barley diseases management options in malt barley and food barley production in South-eastern Ethiopia.
Structure and Development of the Auditory System in the Prothoracic Leg of the Cricket

The anatomical development of the tympanal organ, the tracheM system and the tympana of Teleogryllus commodus is described. The tympanM organ is undifferentiated until instar 3 when the first scolopales appear. The organ develops in a proximo-distal direction but the more distal groups begin to form before the proximal groups are complete. All groups of seolopidia are represented in instar 7 but numbers of scolopidia continue to increase until the adult stage. Scolopales and scolopMe cells are first formed at less than adult size and increase in size during subsequent instars. The subgenuM organ is present in instar 1 and is complete in instar 4. The posterior and anterior tympanal tracheae develop respectively from the tracheal trunk and tracheal branch, which are present from instar 2. These remain as simple, unconnected tubes until instar 7 and begin to show the adult form during instars 8 and 9, finally enlarging in conjunction with the tympana at the last two moults. The tympana first appear as hairless areas of cuticle in the larval stages: the posterior tympanum in instar 8 and anterior tympanum in instar 10, but the translucent appearance of the adult tympana is not present before the final moult.
Samsun ve Ordu illerinden toplanan mısır koçanlarındaki fungal floranın değişiminin belirlenmesi

This study was performed in order to determine fungal flora on corn kernels in the growing areas, Bafra, Carsamba, Tekkekoy, Ondokuzmayis, Caybasi, Akkus, Fatsa and Unye of Samsun and Ordu provinces in 2010 and 2015 during pre-harvest season. Additionally, the incidence of Fusarium spp. in corn kernels and distribution of corn contaminated with mycotoxin produced fungi were obtained. Corn samples collected from 74 corn field and fungal genus and species were identified. As a result of isolations, in both years while Fusarium was the predominant genus isolated from kernels (56.3% and 51.25%), in 2010 total 1046 (83.0%) kernels in 1260 kernels and in 2015 total 320 (33.3%) kernels of 960 kernels were infested with Fusarium, Penicillium, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Nigrospora etc. Ratio of fumonisin (FB) producing capability of Fusarium spp. was 46.7% and 19.2% during the year 2010 and 2015, respectively. The prevalence of FB and Fusarium are affected especially climatic conditions in flowering stage of plants according to local varieties or hybrid varieties of import corn.
Las fuentes del derecho en Colombia: análisis de la Sentencia C-083/1995 de la Corte Constitucional de Colombia

El objetivo principal de esta investigacion es ofrecer una propuesta hermeneutica que permita armonizar las fuentes juridicas nacionales con las fuentes juridicas internacionales, determinar el uso adecuado de los metodos de interpretacion y establecer un sistema tecnico de la valoracion de las pruebas. Ciertamente, con la entrada en vigencia de la Constitucion Politica de 1991 cambio el panorama de las fuentes juridicas que regia en Colombia, y en la actualidad tenemos un modelo mixto de fuentes del derecho; en efecto, los constituyentes de 1991 importaron figuras juridicas que provienen del common law que estan mezcladas con las fuentes del modelo romano germanico que tenia nuestro pais antes de 1991. Puede una sentencia que produce efectos juridicos interpartes ser considerada como precedente? Personalmente, tengo mis dudas razonables. En conclusion, ? cuando una sentencia constituye precedente? Primero, cuando produce efectos erga omnes y no produce efectos interpartes, cuando es proferida por una Corte de cierre, cuando una sentencia tiene pruebas sustentadas en medios de pruebas y cuando no ha sido declarado nula, pues lo cierto es que el articulo 49 en su inciso 2 permite la nulidad de las sentencias de la Corte Constitucional por violacion del debido proceso. Finalmente, es importante dejar en claro que la Corte Constitucional de Colombia no tiene competencia para conocer sobre la exequibilidad de tratados internacionales anteriores a la Constitucion Politica de 1991, porque estos tratados internacionales se rigen por el principio pacta sunt servada y son validos segun la Convencion de Viena y la regla de reconocimiento vigente a la celebracion. Es decir que la Corte Constitucional solamente puede conocer sobre los tratados internacionales que se celebren a partir de 1991.
Knowledge Sharing Influence on Innovation: A Case of Textile and Garment Enterprises in Vietnam

The study seeks to investigate the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation in garment and textile enterprises. While previous research has found many factors influencing knowledge sharing, little research has been done about the influence of knowledge sharing on innovation in enterprises in developing countries like Vietnam. In particular, the textile industry plays an important role in export, but outsourcing is accounting for a high proportion of trade; it is necessary to increase innovation in order to increase the competitive advantage by internal capacity. The data is collected from a survey of 245 employees at 20 textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam to study the knowledge sharing influence on innovation. The methodology includes pilot study and quantitative method. The pilot study tests the questionnaire on the respondents. The quantitative method applies SEM analysis to measure the knowledge sharing influence on innovation. The results identify eight factors that positively impact knowledge sharing: rewarding, teamwork, management support, joy of knowledge sharing, communication, trust, commitment, and information technology. This study also shows that knowledge sharing affects innovation. The main findings are discussed for textile and garment enterprises to apply innovative capacity in the context of increasing global integration.
A Review on Machine Learning Algorithm and Artificial Intelligence

— A long time ago, there were various tasks that could only be done by humans. There is no machine and technology like today. At that time, science had not yet developed and technology had not been invented. Therefore, work depends entirely on people and humanity has realized that "today 's science is the technology of tomorrow". Advanced new technology is no less than God's blessing. Adaptive inventions have been invented that reduce human jobs and bright prospects, referred to as artificial intelligence and machine learning. Although there were many false assumptions in the beginning, we are witnessing a new era of error-free technology and excellent science. This critique deals with general concepts of artificial intelligence and machine learning.
The Bias of Individuals (in Crowds): Why Implicit Bias Is Probably a Noisily Measured Individual-Level Construct

Payne, Vuletich, and Lundberg’s bias-of-crowds model proposes that a number of empirical puzzles can be resolved by conceptualizing implicit bias as a feature of situations rather than a feature of individuals. In the present article we argue against this model and propose that, given the existing evidence, implicit bias is best understood as an individual-level construct measured with substantial error. First, using real and simulated data, we show how each of Payne and colleagues’ proposed puzzles can be explained as being the result of measurement error and its reduction via aggregation. Second, we discuss why the authors’ counterarguments against this explanation have been unconvincing. Finally, we test a hypothesis derived from the bias-of-crowds model about the effect of an individually targeted “implicit-bias-based expulsion program” within universities and show the model to lack empirical support. We conclude by considering the implications of conceptualizing implicit bias as a noisily measured individual-level construct for ongoing implicit-bias research. All data and code are available at https://osf.io/tj8u6/.
Machine Vision Based on Pipe Joint Surface Defect Detection and Identification

In the production process, pipe joints often have surface defects such as cracks, pits, bumps, etc., and the manual detection efficiency is low and the cost is high. This paper presents a machine vision based method for detecting surface defects of pipe joints. The preprocessing algorithm, image initial detection algorithm, image segmentation algorithm and feature extraction algorithm of tube joint surface defect image are studied and BP neural network classifier is designed. Finally, the designed classifier was tested by 300 samples of cracks, pits and bump defects on the surface of the pipe joint. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of the classifier reaches 95.5%, which can better meet the surface of the pipe joint. Defect detection requirements.
Data‐driven‐based dynamic pricing method for sharing rooftop photovoltaic energy in a single apartment building

In this study, a novel data-driven based dynamic pricing framework is proposed for sharing rooftop photovoltaic (PV) energy in a single apartment building. In this framework, the input includes the load data, electricity price data, and PV power data and the output includes the pricing strategy for local PV generations. Specifically, the building energy management system operator is responsible for setting internal uniform prices of their own rooftop PV productions to facilitate the local PV energy sharing with apartment building users, aiming to maximise the economic profits. To protect the privacy of apartment building users and meanwhile improve the computational efficiency, a neural network is designed for simulating their demand response (DR) behaviours. Besides, the uncertain rooftop PV generations can be duly addressed by using a well-trained long short-term memory network, which can capture the future trends of rooftop PV generations in a rolling-horizon manner. With the information on PV predictions and DR results, a model-free reinforcement learning method is developed for finding the near-optimal dynamic pricing strategy. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework in making dynamic pricing strategies with partial or uncertain information.
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF NEUROPROTECTIVE PLANT-DERIVED BIOMOLECULES IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic role of biomolecules in targeting the altered expression of Parkin in PD pathogenesis. Methods: We employed various in silico tools such as drug-likeness parameters, namely, Lipinski filter analysis, Muscle tool for phylogenetic analysis, Castp Server for active site prediction, molecular docking studies using AutoDock 4.2. 1 and LIGPLOT1.4. 5 were carried out. Results: Our results show that neuroprotective activity of Quercetin to be most effective and can provide their possible clinical relevance in PD. Further, initial screenings of the molecules were done based on Lipinski’s rule of five. CastP server used to predict the ligand binding site suggests that this protein can be utilized as a potential drug target. Finally, we have found Quercetin to be most effective amongst four biomolecules in modulating Parkin based on minimum inhibition constant, Ki and highest negative free energy of binding with the maximum interacting surface area in a course of docking studies. Conclusion: This research could provide a potential therapeutic window for the treatment of PD.