Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endophytic bacteria in plant tissue culture: differences between easy- and difficult-to-propagate Prunus avium genotypes.

The endophytic bacterial communities of six Prunus avium L. genotypes differing in their growth patterns during in vitro propagation were identified by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Five morphologically distinct isolates from tissue culture material were identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. To detect and analyze the uncultivable fraction of endophytic bacteria, a clone library was established from the amplified 16S rDNA of total plant extract. Bacterial diversity within the clone libraries was analyzed by amplified ribosomal rDNA restriction analysis and by sequencing a clone for each identified operational taxonomic unit. The most abundant bacterial group was Mycobacterium sp. , which was identified in the clone libraries of all analyzed Prunus genotypes. Other dominant bacterial genera identified in the easy-to-propagate genotypes were Rhodopseudomonas sp. and Microbacterium sp. Thus, the community structures in the easy- and difficult-to-propagate cherry genotypes differed significantly. The bacterial genera, which were previously reported to have plant growth-promoting effects, were detected only in genotypes with high propagation success, indicating a possible positive impact of these bacteria on in vitro propagation of P. avium, which was proven in an inoculation experiment.
Tissue LyC6− Macrophages Are Generated in the Absence of Circulating LyC6− Monocytes and Nur77 in a Model of Muscle Regeneration

There are several open questions regarding the origin, development, and differentiation of subpopulations of monocytes, macrophages (MFs), and dendritic cells. It is a particularly intriguing question how circulating monocyte subsets develop and contribute to the generation of steady-state and inflammatory tissue MF pools and which transcriptional mechanisms contribute to these processes. In this study, we took advantage of a genetic model in which LyC6− circulating monocyte development is severely diminished due to the lack of the nuclear receptor, NUR77. We show that, in a mouse model of skeletal muscle injury and regeneration, the accumulation of leukocytes and the generation of LyC6+ and LyC6− MF pools are intact in the absence of circulating LyC6− blood monocytes. These data suggest that NUR77, which is required for LyC6− blood monocyte development, is expressed but not critically required for LyC6+ to LyC6− tissue MF specification. Moreover, these observations support a model according to which tissue macrophage subtype specification is distinct from that of circulating monocytes. Lastly, our data show that in the used sterile inflammation model tissue LyC6− MFs are derived from LyC6+ cells.
Nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibition attenuates liver injury in acute endotoxemia.

BACKGROUND Endotoxemia is accompanied by pro-inflammatory cytokine production, generation of reactive oxygen species, and end-organ injury. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative and phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, including down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha synthesis. Its effects on liver function and hepatic histology following acute endotoxemia have not been investigated fully. We hypothesized that PTX would preserve liver architecture and function after intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. METHODS Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats received an i.v. bolus injection of LPS (5 mg/kg), LPS + PTX (25 mg/kg), or saline (sham). Plasma concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), TNF-alpha, IL-6, and nitrite were measured at different time points after LPS injection. Liver injury was graded according to a scoring system in a blinded fashion from 0 (normal) to 4 (severe) for hepatocellular necrosis, hemorrhage, and parenchymal and sinusoidal inflammatory infiltrates. Neutrophil infiltration was measured by counting myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive stained cells. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB p-65 was measured by counting positive stained nuclei of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (KC). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was evaluated by positively stained KC. Data are presented as mean +/- SEM. Analysis of variance with p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Animals treated with PTX showed a significant reduction in liver injury score and neutrophil infiltration. Treatment with PTX significantly decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and the concentrations of AST and ALT when compared to LPS alone. In addition, a significant decrease in NF-kappaB-positive staining in hepatocytes and KC, as well as in KC iNOS immunostaining was observed in PTX-treated animals compared to the LPS group. CONCLUSIONS Pentoxifylline downregulates the inflammatory response significantly and decreases liver injury in acute endotoxemia.
Xenopus tropicalis as a Test System for Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity

The usefulness of Xenopus tropicalis as a model species to investigate endocrine disruption and developmental reproductive toxicity was assessed. In our test system tadpoles were exposed to test substances from shortly after hatching until metamorphosis, including the period of gonadal differentiation. Effects on the sex hormone and thyroid hormone axes were evidenced as skewed sex ratios, malformations of reproductive organs, altered cytochrome (CYP19) (aromatase) activity, and gene expression in gonads and brain, as well as changed thyroid histology and time to metamorphosis. Reproductive toxicity was evaluated at sexual maturity. Male-to-female sex reversal was implied at concentrations as low as 6 pM (1.8 ng/L) ethynylestradiol (EE2), which is comparable to EE2 levels observed in the environment. EE2-exposed males that were not sex reversed had significantly reduced fertility and a reduced amount of spermatozoa in testes compared with control males. This indicates that reproduction in wild frogs might be impaired by estrogenic environmental pollutants. Aromatase activity in brain and testes of adult frogs was not affected by larval EE2 exposure. Preliminary results indicate that exposure to the environmentally relevant pharmaceutical clotrimazole modulated aromatase activity in brain and gonads during sex differentiation, which warrants further investigation. The susceptibility to estrogen-induced sex reversal of X. tropicalis was comparable to that of other frog species and fish. Similarities between the reproductive effects in X. tropicalis and those reported in fish, birds, and mammals after developmental exposure to estrogens make X. tropicalis promising model for research on endocrine disruption and developmental reproductive toxicity.
Optimizing recognition and rejection performance in wordspotting systems

Compares the performance which can be achieved by different hidden Markov model (HMM) based wordspotting techniques when their parameters are tuned to optimize recognition and rejection rates. An alternative approach which does not attempt to explicitly model extraneous speech or non-speech noise is also proposed. After optimization of each of these approaches, it appears that the proposed version performs at least as well as the other methods with the advantage of simplicity and possibility to be used in hybrid models using HMMs with a multilayer perceptron (MLP). Test results are reported on a speaker independent telephone database containing 10 keywords as well as on the speaker independent ARPA resource management database in which between 10 and 250 keywords were defined. <<ETX>>
Selection of Sahiwal Cattle Bulls on Pedigree and Progeny

rhe objective of the study was to compare ranking of Sahiwal bulls selected on the basis of highest lactation milk yield of their dams with their estimated breeding values (EBVs) using an animal model. Data on 23,761 lactation milk yield records of 5,936 cows from five main Livestock Experiment Stations in Punjab province of Pakistan (1964-2004) were used for the study. At present the young A.I bulls are required to be from A-category bull-dams. Dams were categorized as A, B, C and D if they had highest lactation milk yield of≥2,700, 2,250-2,699, 1,800-2,249 and <1,800 litres, respectively. The EBVs for lactation milk yield were estimated for all the animals using an individual animal model having fixed effect of herd-year and season of calving and random effect of animal. Fixed effect of parity and random effect of permanent environment were incorporated when multiple lactation were used. There were 396 young bulls used for semen collection and A.I during 1973-2004. However, progeny with lactation yields recorded, were available only for 91 bulls and dams could be traced for only 63 bulls. Overall lactation milk yield averaged 1,440.8 kg. Milk yield was 10% heritable with repeatability of 39%. Ranking bulls on highest lactation milk yield of their dams, the in-vogue criteria of selecting bulls, had a rank correlation of 0.167 (p<0.190) with ranking based on EBVs from animal model analysis. Bulls' EBVs for all lactations had rank correlation of 0.716 (p<0.001) with EBVs based on first lactation milk yield and 0.766 (p<0.001) with average EBVs of dam and sire (pedigree index). Ranking of bulls on highest lactation yield of their dams has no association with their ranking based on animal model evaluation. Young Sahiwal bulls should be selected on the basis of pedigree index instead of highest lactation yield of dams. This can help improve the genetic potential of the breed accruing to conservation and development efforts.
A STEM MOOC for school children — What does learning analytics tell us?

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been tremendously spreading among Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) academic disciplines. These MOOCs have served an agglomeration of various learner groups across the world. The leading MOOCs platform in Austria, the iMooX, offers such courses. This paper highlights authors' experience of applying Learning Analytics to examine the participation of secondary school pupils in one of its courses called “Mechanics in everyday life”. We sighted different patterns and observations and on the contrary of the expected jubilant results of any educational MOOC, we will show, that pupils seemingly decided to consider it not as a real motivating learning route, but rather as an optional homework.
Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in multiple myeloma, solitary plasmocytoma and monoclonal gammapathy of unknown significance.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDGPET) in 49 patients with plasma cell malignancies. FDG-PET results were verified by conventional imaging methods, including plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer tomography (CT). Focally increased FDG uptake was observed in three (23 %) of 11 newly diagnosed myeloma patients with negative bone radiographs. Focally increased tracer uptake was found in five of 26 patients with MM in remission but with suspected relapse. Of the 20 patients who had negative FDG-PET scans, only one relapsed 12 months after FDG-PET examination. FDG-PET was positive in two of six patients with MGUS and with suspected progression to MM or with suspected other malignancy. In one case a thyroid carcinoma was later detected, in the other an intestinal tumor was found. We conclude that FDG PET might contribute to initial staging of MM patients with negative bone radiographs and is useful for the follow-up of patients in remission especially in non-secretory MM and in patients with large plasmocytoma (>5 cm) after radiochemotherapy.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the trauma intensive care unit: who is infected?

BACKGROUND Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is common in trauma patients, and infection represents an important and treatable source of SIRS. C-Reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein, is elevated in infection and discriminates between infected and uninfected patients in other patient populations. Our goal was to examine the ability of CRP and other commonly used markers of infection (maximum temperature [Tmax], and white blood cell count [WBC]) to distinguish between infectious and noninfectious causes of SIRS. METHODS This was a prospective study of a consecutive series of trauma patients who spent greater than 48 hours in the intensive care unit. Studied variables included CRP, Tmax, WBC, and culture-proven infection compared with standard definitions of infection and the presence of SIRS. The ability of these variables to correctly classify patients as infected (INF) or not infected was examined by using receiver operating characteristic curves. Values on the day of infection diagnosis in the INF group and on postadmission day 5 (the mean day of onset of infection in the INF group) in the not infected group were used. Multivariate discriminant analysis was used to examine the relative contributions of Tmax and CRP in predicting infection. Significance was defined as p < 0.05. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients were admitted over a 4-month period. Of these, 35 patients (59%) had SIRS at the time of comparison (29 INF, 6 not infected). Thirty-three patients (56%) developed an infection. Both CRP and Tmax discriminated between patients with and without infection whereas WBC did not (areas under receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.86, 0.81, and 0.47, respectively). In patients with SIRS, cutoff values of 17 mg/dL for CRP (specificity 100%) and 102 degrees F for Tmax (specificity 83%) were identified. CRP added significant discriminatory power to Tmax in determining presence of infection in patients with SIRS (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Infection must be presumed to be the source of SIRS in patients with CRP more than 17 mg/dL and Tmax more than 102 degrees F after postinjury day 4. WBC is not useful in determining the presence of infection.
Aquaporins

Aquaporins are a family of integral membrane proteins that are expressed in all living organisms and play vital roles in transcellular and transepithelial water movement. Cell viability and motility are critical for progression of cancer. Cell survival requires the suitable concentration of water and solutes. The balance is largely maintained by aquaporins whose major function is the transport of water and small solutes across the plasma membrane. The important role of aquaporins has received more and more attention in the recent years. A number of recent studies have revealed that aquaporins may be involved in cell migration and angiogenesis. This review will highlight the expression of aquaporins in different malignant neoplasms. Remarkably, we will summarize the influence of drugs on aquaporins, not only the traditional Chinese medicine but also the Western medicine. Therapeutic targeting of aquaporins may thus be advantageous for blocking the mechanism common for a number of key cancer phenotypes.
Applied anatomy of maxillary sinus in cynomolgus monkeys : a CBCT study

Objective: This study is to investigate possibility of usingcynomolgus monkeys as models to provide theoretical reference for maxillary sinus related scientific research of non-human primates. Methods: Cone bean CT (CBCT) scanning was performed in 20 sides of maxillary sinus from 10 cynomolgus monkeys. Measurements were conducted with the occlusal plane of bilateral maxillary first premolar to second molar as reference positions. The following distances were measured: from the corner of the anterior lower boundary in the lateral window of MSs to the anterior wall of the MS (d1); from the lower boundary to the maxillary sinus floor (d2); from the lower boundary to the top of alveolar ridge (d3); from the upper boundary to the top of alveolar ridge (d4); vertical window height (d5, d4-d3); anteroposterior window width (d6); the average thickness of the bone wall at anterior boundary (d7); the thickness of bone wall at 1/2 under the posterior boundary (d8); and the thickness of bone wall at the posterior upper corner of the window (d9). The mean value and standard deviation was then calculated. Results: No significant variations were found in the measured data of all individuals. And window position showed repeatability, suggesting a feasibility of the fenestration operation at the side wall of maxillary sinus. Conclusion: Cynomolgus monkey can be used for experimental model of lateral window approach.
Self-organization of Pb thin films on Cu(111) induced by quantum size effects

Electron confinement in thin films of Pb on Cu(111) leads to the formation of quantum well states, formed out of the upper valence band of Pb. Their evolution as a function of film thickness is characterized in angle-resolved photoemission and can be interpreted in terms of a straightforward quantum well model. This permits an identification of film growth mode at low temperatures. Bringing the films into thermal equilibrium by annealing induces strong changes in the spectra. Their interpretation demonstrates that specific “magic” layers are preferred because of total energy minimization induced by the arrangement of quantum well states with respect to the Fermi level.
Greater muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in males compared with females during sprint interval training

Improved endurance exercise performance in adult humans after sprint interval training (SIT) has been attributed to mitochondrial biogenesis. However, muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and mitochondrial biogenesis during SIT have not been measured, nor have sex‐specific differences. We hypothesized that males and females would have similar rates of MPS, mitochondrial biogenesis, and synthesis of individual proteins during SIT. Deuterium oxide (D2O) was orally administered to 21 adults [11 male, 10 female; mean age, 23±1 yr; body mass index (BMI), 22.8±0.6 kg/m2; mean± se] for 4 wk, to measure protein synthesis rates while completing 9 sessions of 4–8 bouts of 30 s duration on a cycle ergometer separated by 4 min of active recovery. Samples of the vastus lateralis were taken before and 48 h after SIT. SIT increased maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max, males 43.4±2.1–44.0±2.3; females 39.5±0.9–42.5±1.3 ml/kg/min; P=0.002). MPS was greater in the males than in the females in the mixed (~150%; P < 0.001), cytosolic (~135%; P=0.038), and mitochondrial (~135%; P=0.056) fractions. The corresponding ontological clusters of individual proteins were significantly greater in the males than in the females (all P<0.00001). For the first time, we document greater MPS and mitochondrial biogenesis during SIT in males than in females and describe the synthetic response of individual proteins in humans during exercise training. —Scalzo, R. L. , Peltonen, G. L. , Binns, S. E. , Shankaran, M. , Giordano, G. R. , Hartley, D. A. , Klochak, A. L. , Lonac, M. C. , Paris, H. L. R. , Szallar, S. E. , Wood, L. M. , Peelor, F. F. , III, Holmes, W. E. , Hellerstein, M. K. , Bell, C. , Hamilton, K. L. , Miller, B. F. Greater muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in males than in females during sprint interval training. FASEB J. 28, 2705–2714 (2014). www.fasebj. org
The red eye.

A red eye is the most common ocular disorder that primary care physicians encounter. Most cases are relatively benign. Some, however, herald a vision-threatening or even life-threatening disorder. A detailed description of the full differential diagnosis of a red eye is available elsewhere.1 This overview does not assume that the examiner has access to a slit lamp or has been trained to use it. Subconjunctival Hemorrhage A subconjunctival hemorrhage (Figure 1) is often the cause of acute ocular redness. The diagnosis is based on simple observation of the characteristic features of such a hemorrhage: the redness, which is unilateral, is .
CD8 T cells and E-cadherin in host responses against oropharyngeal candidiasis.

BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most common oral infection in HIV(+) persons. Previous studies suggest a role for CD8(+) T cells against OPC when CD4(+) T cells are lost, but enhanced susceptibility to infection occurs when CD8(+) T-cell migration is inhibited by reduced tissue E-cadherin. OBJECTIVE To conduct a longitudinal study of tissue CD8(+) T-cells and E-cadherin expression before, during, and after the episodes of OPC. METHODS Oral fungal burden was monitored and tissue was evaluated for CD8(+) T cells and E-cadherin over a 1-year period in HIV(+) persons with a history of, or an acute episode of, OPC. RESULTS While longitudinal analyses precluded formal interpretations, point prevalence analyses of the data set revealed that when patients experiencing OPC were successfully treated, tissue E-cadherin expression was similar to that in patients who had not experienced OPC, and higher numbers of CD8(+) T cells were distributed throughout OPC(-) tissue under normal expression of E-cadherin. CONCLUSION These results suggest that (1) reduction in tissue E-cadherin expression in patients with OPC(+) is not permanent, and (2) high numbers of CD8(+) T cells can be distributed throughout OPC(-) tissue under normal E-cadherin expression. Together, these results extend our previous studies and continue to support a role for CD8(+) T cells in host defense against OPC.
Iodine status in neonates in Denmark: regional variations and dependency on maternal iodine supplementation

Nøhr SB, Laurberg P, Børlum K‐G, Pedersen KM, Johannesen PL, Damm P, Fuglsang E, Johansen A. Iodine status of neonates in Denmark: regional variations and dependency on maternal iodine supplementation. Acta Pàdiatr 1994;83:578–82. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253
Determination of Interactions between Tegument Proteins of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to elucidate protein-protein interactions between tegument proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). To do so, we have cloned and expressed in the LexA yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid system, 13 of the 21 currently known tegument proteins of HSV-1. These included the tegument proteins essential for replication in cell lines, UL17, UL36, UL37, UL48, and UL49, and the nonessential tegument proteins US11, UL11, UL14, UL16, UL21, UL41, UL46, and UL47. A total of 104 combinations were screened in the yeast two-hybrid assay, with 9 interactions identified. These included: UL11-UL16, UL36-UL37, UL36-UL48, UL46-UL48, UL47-UL48, and UL48-UL49. The remaining interactions consisted of self-associations that were observed for US11, UL37, and UL49. The interactions UL36-UL37, UL36-UL48, UL37-UL37, UL46-UL48, and UL47-UL48 have not been previously reported for HSV-1. The interaction of UL46-UL48 was verified using an in vitro pull-down assay. The interactions of UL36-UL37 and UL37-UL37 were verified with a coimmunoprecipitation assay. Knowledge of HSV-1 tegument protein-protein interactions will provide insights into the pathways of tegument assembly, and the identified interactions are potential targets for new antiviral drugs.
El dolor cervical en el enfermo con artritis reumatoide

101 www.medigraphic. org.mx * Departamento de Medicina del Dolor y Paliativa del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición «Salvador Zubirán» en la Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal. Asociación Mexicana para el Estudio y Tratamiento del Dolor. ** Unidad de Medicina del Dolor del Instituto Estatal de Cancerología «Dr. Miguel Dorantes Mesa» en Xalapa, Veracruz. Colegio de Anestesiólogos del Estado de Veracruz (Capítulo Xalapa). *** Departamento de Anestesiología del Hospital General de Culiacán «Bernardo J Gastelum» en Culiacán, Sinaloa. Departamento de Anestesiología del Hospital Civil de Culiacán en Culiacán, Sinaloa. **** Servicio de Anestesia del Hospital San Rafael de Alajuela en Costa Rica.