Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A PRACTICAL METHOD FOR MAXIMUM EXACT MATCHES IN LARGE GENOMES

Results: We describe a new fast and memory efficient indexing method for searching maximum exact matches in large genomes. The method is based on gapped suffix indexing and requires several times less memory and time than the traditional methods. With the gapped indexing, an interactive analysis of whole large genomes becomes executable on a desktop computer. The method serves as the basis for DPview, the system for searching, visualization and analysis of similarities in whole large genomes. Availability: http://bits.unipro. ru/eng/dpview.html
Serbuk Daun Kelor Menurunkan Derajat Perlemakan Hati dan Ekspresi Interleukin-6 Hati Tikus dengan Kurang Energi Protein

Kurang energi protein (KEP) merupakan salah satu bentuk malnutrisi karena rendahnya asupan gizi. Pada KEP gambaran histopatologi liver akan menunjukkan perlemakan hati yang bereaksi dengan radikal peroksidasi membentuk lipid peroksidasi yang meningkatkan ekspresi Interleukin6 (IL-6). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan bahwa konsumsi serbuk daun kelor dapat menurunkan derajat perlemakan hati dan ekpresi IL-6 pada KEP . Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain post test only control group, pada enam kelompok (diet normal, diet rendah protein, diet rendah protein dengan empat perlakuan dosis kelor yaitu 180 mg, 360 mg, 720 mg, 1440 mg. Diet rendah protein diberikan dalam 2 bulan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan 1 bulan diet normal yang ditambahkan serbuk daun kelor . Hasil uji One Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa pemberian serbuk daun kelor pada semua dosis dapat menurunkan derajat perlemakan hati dan ekspresi IL-6. Pada dosis 720 mg/hari, derajat perlemakan hati dan ekspresi IL-6 menurun hingga sama dengan kelompok normal. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian serbuk daun kelor pada KEP dapat menurunkan derajat perlemakan hati dan ekspresi IL-6.Kata Kunci: Ekspresi IL-6, kurang energi protein, perlemakan hati, serbuk daun kelor
Chap 5.pmd

The purpose of this study is to determine the standard value of corneal thickness (CCT) and its relationship with the degree of myopia amongst one sample of myopic students in Malaysia. Eighty-four myopic subjects (168 eyes) were examined in this study. Ocular examination included subjective refraction, keratometry (Shin-Nippon, Japan) and optical pachometry (Sonogage INC). Corneal thickness was measured at five different locations i.e. central, superior, inferior, nasal and temporal of the cornea. However, only association of CCT with myopia is reported in this article. Mean age of subjects was 21.42 ± 1.47 years old (20.34 ± 1.15; 22.46 ± 0.88). Mean refractive error in spherical equivalent for the whole sample was –3.50 ± 2.10 DS. Mean corneal curvature for the all subjects was 7.74 ± 0.52 mm and mean value of CCT was 594.62 ± 66.51 mm. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between mean CCT of low myopes (-4.00DS and below) and higher ones (-4.25DS and above), but not with mean of keratometer readings. Poor correlations were obtained between refractive error and CCT (r = 0.125, p > 0.05) and between refractive error and corneal curvature (r = 0.24, p > 0.05). It was concluded from this study that high myopic subjects has significantly thinner CCT than lower ones. Measurement of CCT should be considered when undertaking procedures such as LASIK and orthokeratology.
The relation between the number of sunspots and fluctuation in the trend of climatic components in Iran during recent decades

The statistical period from 1951 to 2005 was chosen in this research for determining the extent of influence on precipitation and annual temperature from sunspots. This analysis was conducted on 31 synoptic stations in Iran. Initially, the Mann-Kendall test was administered in order to analyze the trend of alterations of these two components over time and the results suggest that 16% of the stations show significant relationship with annual precipitation (positive and negative). More stations showed significant relationships between sunspots and minimum annual temperature (74.19%), maximum annual temperature (48.38%) and mean annual temperature (67.8%). The amounts of the above correlations include all of the significant trends, whether those that show inverse significant trends or those that demonstrate direct significant trends. For further investigating the relationship between variations in the number of sunspots and temperature, 5 temporal ranges were used. This analysis was conducted on raw data (without a moving average) and also on data with a moving average of 5, 8, 11 and 22 years. The general conclusion drawn from different temporal ranges of precipitation data was that a significant amplification for Iran's stations with a frequency coefficient of 25.16% was observed. However, when this relationship is reversed, the frequency the coefficient turned out to be 12.92. Likewise, for different components of temperature, the inverse relationship between the number of sunspots and alterations of temperature possesses a higher frequency position among the stations. This value is 15.46 % for the minimum temperature, 16.12% for the maximum and 12.89% for the annual average temperature.
KARYOLOGIC SURVEY OF NOT FLYING SMALL MAMMALS FROM TOCANTINS, BRAZIL

The not flying small mammals are known by the abundance, diversity and the big taxonomic complexity. They have much importance in the dynamic of the ecosystems, interfering in three important components: soil, vegetation and predators. Many studies of survey have been using the cytotaxonomy as an important tool of identification for these species. The aim of the current study is to show the karyologic survey of not flying small mammal sampled in 2001, mainly, in Ipueiras city, Tocantins, and data of two marsupials from others two cities (Lajeado and Pequizeiro, Tocantins). We did the cytotaxonomy analyses of 17 small rodents, distributed in nine species and two marsupials of different species. Cytotaxonomy, distribution and habitat considerations also are showed and discussed, principally, for Tocantins. The majority of the species already is known by the literature, however they are being quote by the first time for the Ipueiras city. The specie Thrichomys apereoides inermis (2n= 26) had been found only in Bahia State until the fulfillment of this work.
Evaluation of coconut water neutralized by different agents on the viability of human fibroblasts: an in vitro study

Objective This study evaluated four types of pH adjustment of the coconut water (CW) on viability of human fibroblasts (HFF). Material and method Natural and industrialized CW were adjusted to pH 7.0 using: (1) Sodium Hidroxide (NaOH), (2) Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), (3) Triethanolamine (C6H15NO3), (4) 2-Amino-2-Methil-1-Propanol (C4H11NO). Fibroblasts were plated at 2×104/ well in 96 well plates and maintained in the CW solutions for 2 h and 4 h. Positive control was represented by HFF maintained in DMEM and the negative control by tap water. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT formazan method. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s and Dunnet’s test. Result There are no significant effect on the cell viability regarding type of CW, period of evaluation, and the interactions between CW and period of evaluation, CW and pH adjustment method, pH adjustment method and period of evaluation (p>0.05). Conclusion The product used for CW pH adjustment did not influenced HFF viability, thought there are a tendency of better performance in natural CW.
Influence of Reflux and Sinambung Extraction Methods on Antioxidant Activity and Determination of Total Phenol and Flavonoid Durian Skin Fruit

Durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) will leave shell waste and usually discarded after consumed. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of reflux and soxhlet extraction methods obtain antioxidant activity and to determine the total phenol and flavonoid from skin durian montong varieties. Extractions were done by reflux and soxhlet methods using 70% of ethanol as solvent to obtain the liquid extracts. Both of liquid extract were evaporated using rotary vacuum evaporator to obtain concentrated extract. The level of total flavonoid and phenol content from durian peel extract were obtained by UV light spectrophotometry at maximum wavelength using as kuarsetin comparison and IC50 (Inhibition Concentration) samples were determined with DPPH reagent. Base on yield result the most durian peel extract was obtain from reflux methods. The greatest potential as antioxidant was skin durian extract with reflux extraction, which has IC50 value of 14.03 ppm. While the sokhlet extraction methods has IC50 value of 16.68. 5.1% of total flavonoids in the extract reflux were higher than 4.6% of soxhlet extract. The value of total phenol content in the extract reflux 2.28% was also higher than 1.78% soxhlet extract. Extract durian rind reflux results showed antioxidant activity, total phenol content and total flavonoid extract higher compared with soxhlet apparatus.
The 90-110 mu m dust feature in low to intermediate mass protostars: Calcite?

We present ISO spectra between 60 and 180 µm of 32 protostars of low to intermediate mass. About half of the spectra present a dust feature between ∼90 and ∼110 µm. We describe the observational characteristics of this feature, which seems to be due to one single carrier. In Class 0 sources the feature peaks around 100 µm, while in AeBe stars it peaks around 95 µm. The feature peak position seems to mostly depend on the temperature of the dust of the source, suggesting reprocessing of the dust. We present arguments for the identification of the observed feature as due to calcite, and estimate that about 10% to 30% of elemental Ca is locked up in it. Therefore, calcite seems to be formed relatively easily around protostars despite the observation that on Earth it needs aqueous solutions. This rises the question of whether conditions simulating liquid water are common around forming stars and what creates them.
A study on free convective heat and mass transfer flow through a highly porous medium with radiation, chemical reaction and Soret effects

The paper addresses the effects of Soret on unsteady free convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid through a porous medium with high porosity bounded by a vertical infinite moving plate under the influence of thermal radiation, chemical reaction, and heat source. The fluid is considered to be gray, absorbing, and emitting but non-scattering medium, and Rosseland approximation is considered to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The dimensionless governing equations for this investigation are solved analytically by using perturbation technique. The effects of various governing parameters on the velocity distributions, temperature distributions, concentration distributions, local skin-friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are shown in figures and tables and analyzed in detail. It was noticed that the velocity distribution increased with increasing buoyancy parameters, temperature profiles decreased with increasing Prandtl number and concentration fields decreased with increasing the Schmidt number and chemical reaction parameter.
Use of ceramivc wastes in structurals concretes

3 pages, 1 figure, 1 table. -- En: 1st Spanish National Conference on Advances in Materials Recycling and Eco – Energy Madrid, 12-13 November 2009. -- Editors: F. A. Lopez, F. Puertas, F. J. Alguacil and A. Guerrero.
Pauli blocking and medium effects in nucleon knockout reactions

We study medium modifications of the nucleon-nucleon ( NN ) cross sections and their influence on the nucleon knockout reactions. Using the eikonal approximation, we compare the results obtained with free NN cross sections with those obtained with a purely geometrical treatment of Pauli blocking and with NN obtained with more elaborated Dirac-Bruecker methods. The medium effects are parametrized in terms of the baryon density. We focus on symmetric nuclear matter, although the geometrical Pauli blocking also allows for the treatment of asymmetric nuclear matter. It is shown that medium effects can change the nucleon knockout cross sections and momentum distributions up to 10% in the energy range Elab = 50‐300 MeV/nucleon. The effect is more evident in reactions involving halo nuclei.
Meta-analytic Findings on Grouping Programs

Meta-analytic reviews have focused on five distinct instructional programs that separate students by ability: multilevel dasses, cross-grade programs, within-class grouping, enriched classes for the gifted and talented, and accelerated classes. The reviews show that effects are a function of program type. Multilevel classes, which entail only minor adjustment of course content for ability groups, usually have little or no effect on student achievement. Programs that entail more substantial adjustment of curriculum to ability, such as cross-grade and within-class programs, produce clear positive effects. Programs of enrichment and acceleration, which usually involve the greatest amount of curricular adjustment, have the largest effects on student learning. These results doe not support recent claims that no one benefits from grouping or that students in the lower groups are harmed academically and emotionally by grouping.
The impact of intensive forest management on carbon stores in forest ecosystems

The expansion of intensive management of forest resources for timber production with the human population growth may have a profound effect on the role forests play in the global carbon cycle. First, the transition from old-growth to intensively managed second-growth forest with short rotations entails major long-term ecosystems changes including the reduction of total woody biomass. Although the biomass of living trees can be restored within a relatively short period of time, dead wood biomass takes considerably longer to reach pre-harvest levels; therefore commonly used rotations are too short for the latter part of ecosystem to recover fully. As dead trees account for 14--18% of the total woody biomass stores in a natural forest, a considerable amount of carbon can be released if this material is not replaced. Second, economically efficient, intensive forest management systems that include commercial thinning and wood salvage can further reduce the total biomass loading of second-growth forests. Long-term study of live and dead wood in thinning trials in the Pacific Northwest and in northwestern Russia suggest that intensive practices can reduce total woody biomass averaged over rotation to 10--25% that found in a natural old-growth forest. Therefore intensive forest management practices may maximize the supplymore » of raw materials, but they may also generate a major carbon flux into the atmosphere. This flux may be significant despite the fact the land-use type remains the same. Effect of intensive forest management practices should be included in future carbon budgets and in developing forest management strategies aimed at increasing carbon storage in forest ecosystems. « less
Broiler Response to Open Field Test in Early Ontogeny

The aim of this study was to observe the development of exploratory behaviour in growing broilers, i.e. their reaction to a novel environment (habituation) during the post-incubation period. Twelve males and twelve females of ROSS 308 line were kept from hatching until 42 days of age in separate pens, under identical husbandry conditions. To study their behaviour, we used the open-field test (OFT). Individual 10-min tests were initiated at the age of 3 days, and were repeated at weekly intervals, i.e. a total of 6 tests were carried out. The results were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures and Tukey post-hoc test. Broilers of both sexes were most active during the first OFT on day 3 after hatching. In male broilers, we found a significant decrease in all exploratory activities between the first and 2 nd OFT; duration of their horizontal locomotor activity was reduced from 104 ± 51.86 s to 3.50 ± 3.50 s (p < 0.05), duration of visual orientation decreased from 327.50 ± 55.94 s to 125.00 ± 31.94 s (p < 0.001), and duration of vocalizations decreased from 412.50 ± 63.12 s to 90.00 ± 34.25 s (p < 0.001). In females, a significant decrease was observed betwen the first and 2 nd OFT only in duration of horizontal locomotor activity that decreased from 234.25 ± 52.07 s to 14.25 ± 8.36 s (p < 0.001) and between the first and 3 rd OFT in duration of vocalization (decreasing from 430.00 ± 66.30 s in 1 st OFT to 60.00 ± 23.35 s; p < 0.001). On the other hand, a significant increase in duration of comfort behaviour was noted between the first and second OFT in both sexes (in males from 95.00 ± 40.76 s to 462.50 ± 38.81 s; p < 0.001; in females from 85.00 ± 31.73 s to 437.50 ± 67.74 s; p < 0.001). Changes in defecation numbers were not significant in either sex. Our findings show that the most profound changes in behaviour of broiler chickens occurred between the first and second OFT, that male broilers used visual orientation in the open field arena more than females in the first test, they vocalized less in the second test, and they seem to have habituated to the novel environment earlier than females. Development, locomotor activity, visual orientation, vocalization, comfort behaviour, posthatching changes
'Most men drink... especially like when they play sports' - alcohol advertising during sporting broadcasts and the potential impact on child audiences

Alcohol advertising during sporting broadcasts, as well as the sponsorship of sporting events by the alcohol industry, is common practice in Australia, as in many other countries. The strength of the association between alcohol and sports prompts consideration of the potential for children who watch televised sport to be exposed to a considerable amount of alcohol advertising, and to learn to associate alcohol with sport and sporting success. This paper reviews the current alcohol advertising regulations in Australia, particularly in reference to the protection of children. It then details a pair of studies designed to examine the extent and nature of alcohol advertising during sporting telecasts, and the potential effects on young people. The first, a frequency and content analysis of advertising during two popular Australian sports final series, found that alcohol advertising (particularly during a sporting competition with alcohol company sponsors) is extensive and contains both features known to be appealing to children and messages which could be interpreted as associating alcohol consumption with social and sporting success. The second, a qualitative study with grade 5 and 6 primary school students, found that young people have a high awareness of the alcohol sponsors and alcohol brands advertised during these sporting telecasts, and associate these products with sport and with positive personal characteristics and outcomes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The readiness of vocational colleges in Malaysia to implement aprenticeship programmed in collaboration with industry

Apprenticeship programme has been identified as the training system to be implemented by Malaysian Vocational Colleges (VC) as a means to rectify the problems faced by industries related to inadequate competencies among young workers. However, the readiness of VC to implement apprenticeship system in National Dual Training System (NDTS) mode is still not yet ascertained. It is important to determine the readiness level to ensure the effective implementation of the apprenticeship programme in collaboration with industry. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to identify the readiness level of VC with regard to the implementation of the apprenticeship programme. The sample of the study will consist of 32 VC that have agreed to implement the programme and the three industries that are piloting the programme. The instrument used in this study include a set of questionnaire, an observation checklist, an interview protocol and also the focus group questionnaire. Expected contribution from the study will include a readiness measure which can be used to evaluate other training institutions and a better understanding of the effectiveness of an apprenticeship programme in Vocational Colleges in Malaysia.
A continuum model for flow induced by metachronal coordination between beating cilia

Abstract In this numerical study we investigate the flow induced by metachronal coordination between beating cilia arranged in a densely packed layer by means of a continuum model. The continuum approach allows us to treat the problem as two-dimensional as well as stationary, in a reference frame moving with the speed of the metachronal wave. The model is used as a computationally efficient design tool to investigate cilia-induced transport of a Newtonian fluid in a plane channel. Contrary to prior continuum models, the present approach accounts for spatial variations in the porosity along the metachronal wave and thus ensures conservation of mass within the cilia layer. Using porous-media theory the governing volume-averaged Navier–Stokes (VANS) equations are derived and closure formulations are given explicitly for the model. This makes it possible to investigate cilia-induced flow with a continuum model in both the viscous regime and the inertial regime. The results show that metachronal coordination can act as a transport mechanism in both regimes. Porosity variations appear to be the key mechanism for correct prediction of the fluid transport in the viscous flow regime. The reason is that spatial variations in the porosity break the symmetry of the drag distribution along the metachronal wave. A new insight that has been gained is that the fluid transport reverses, thus switches from plectic to antiplectic metachronism, for the same cilia beat cycle when the wavespeed is increased such that inertial effects occur. Based on a parameter study, the net transport in the channel is described by a power-law relation of the amplitude, length and speed of the metachronal wave. It is found that the wavelength has the strongest effect on the viscosity-dominated fluid transport.
A Phase‐Locked Loop with Embedded Analog‐to‐Digital Converter for Digital Control

A phase‐locked loop (PLL) is described which is operable from 0.4 GHz to 1.2 GHz. The PLL has basically the same architecture as the conventional analog PLL except the locking information is stored as digital code. An analog‐to‐digital converter is embedded in the PLL, converting the analog loop filter output to digital code. Because the locking information is stored as digital code, the PLL can be turned off during power‐down mode while avoiding long wake‐up time. The PLL implemented in a 0.18 µm CMOS process occupies 0.35 mm2 active area. From a 1.8 V supply, it consumes 59 mW and 984 µW during the normal and power‐down modes, respectively. The measured rms jitter of the output clock is 16.8 ps at 1.2 GHz.
A solar cycle of spacecraft anomalies due to internal charging

Abstract. It is important to appreciate how the morphology of internal charging of spacecraft systems, due to penetrating electrons, differs from that of the more common surface charging, due to electrons with lower energy. A specific and recurrent anomaly on a geostationary communication satellite has been tracked for ten years so that solar cycle and seasonal dependencies can be clearly established. Concurrent measurements of sunspot number, solar wind speed and 2-day >2 MeV electron fluence are presented to highlight pertinent space weather relationships, and the importance of understanding the complex particle interaction processes involved. Key words. Magnetospheric physics (energetic particles; trapped; solar wind – magnetosphere interactions) – space plasma physics (spacecraft sheaths, wakes, charging)