Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Comparison of different doses of escitalopram in the prevention of dementia in patients with depression and moderate cognitive dysfunction associated with chronic brain ischemia].

OBJECTIVE to compare different doses of escitalopram (cipralex) in the prevention of dementia in patients with depression and moderate cognitive dysfunction associated with chronic brain ischemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two groups of patients, aged 65-78 years, with chronic brain ischemia and mild or moderate depression with moderate cognitive dysfunction were treated with different doses of escitalopram: 30 patients received 5 mg daily during all treatment period; 42 patients - 5 mg daily during the first week and 10 mg from the second week of treatment. The treatment lasted for 6 months; the period of observation was 8 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The efficacy of escitalopram is demonstrated not only for the treatment of depression associated with cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic brain ischemia but for decrease of the risk of dementia in long-term period.
Rational Dosing Strategies of Colistin: What About Resistance?

TO THE EDITOR—We read with interest the paper by Dalfino et al on the administration of a modified pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics–based colistin dosing and the risk of acute kidney injury in patients with severe sepsis and/or septic shock [1]. The interest was mainly due to the actual lack of prospective studies addressing the set-up of optimal strategies for the administration of colistin in order to limit its adverse effects without hampering its effectiveness against multidrug resistant (MDR) gram-negative pathogens. However, here are also a few concerns. How should the effectiveness of an antibiotic molecule be evaluated in similar studies? In the era of massive worldwide diffusion of MDR bacteria, is it sufficient to evaluate only parameters assessing the efficacy in the single patients, or should these data be accompanied by other somehow more epidemiologically related risk factors? As a matter of fact, the article by Dalfino et al did not take into account what is in our opinion the main risk inherent in the routine use of the reported colistin administration protocol, that is, the selection of colistin-resistant MDR gram-negative strains. As also evidenced in the commentary to the paper by Pogue et al [2], the colistin concentrations reached with the used approach are, at best, at the lower levels of colistin bactericidal activity (even below them in the case of adjusted dosing in patients with baseline renal impairment). Recent studies have evidenced the effects of colistin use on the risk of colistin resistance both in single patients [3–5] and, even more importantly, in hospital outbreaks [6]. Moreover, a very recent study has shed important light on the molecular mechanisms leading in vivo to the colistin-induced remodeling of lipid A and therefore to colistin resistance in MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae [7]. Importantly, the same study evidences how colistininduced lipid A changes may also reduce the effectiveness of the innate immune response (in particular, of host antimicrobial peptides acting on the bacterial outer membrane) in controllingMDR gram-negative patient [7]. The late aspect is particularly important especially when using not fully bactericidal colistin concentrations as those used by current colistin dosages. In conclusion, we think that all clinical studies on the use of such important antibiotics cannot avoid to consider, even if only indirectly, the topic of therapyinduced antibiotic resistance. It is obviously important to prevent colistin-related side-effects, but it is even more important to preserve future colistin effectiveness against MDR pathogens. Note Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: No reported conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.
Use of oestrogen replacement therapy in high risk groups in the United Kingdom.

saline and ipratropium bromide. There was no change in specific conductance after nebulised normal saline. In the group as a whole there was a significant decrease in specific conductance at one minute after nebulisation of the ipratropium bromide (from a mean of 0-083/cmH20/s to 0-066/cmH2O/s; p<0 05). Twenty minutes after nebulisation of ipratropium bromide specific conductance was significantly greater (0 11 cm H20/s) than baseline values (p<005). The osmolality of nebulised normal saline changed from 280 to 320 mmol/kg during nebulisation and that of the nebulised ipratropium bromide from 285 to 318 mmol/kg. There was no change in the pH of the solutions with nebulisation.
Helicobacter pylori and histopathological findings in patients with dyspepsia.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Although Helicobacter pylori infection has been reported to be more frequent in patients with dyspepsia, whether it should be treated in dyspepsia remains controversial. This study was carried out to compare the histopathological changes in Helicobacter pylori-positive and -negative dyspepsia patients. METHODS A total of 461 patients with Helicobacter pylori-positive dyspepsia seen in our institution were enrolled in the study. The control group was formed from 100 Helicobacter pylori-negative dyspepsia patients. Subjects underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and biopsy specimens were taken from the gastric antrum and corpus. All of the cases were evaluated according to the Sydney classification, and the relation of Helicobacter pylori with chronic inflammation, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and activity was investigated by two pathologists. RESULTS Activity, inflammation and intestinal metaplasia were found in 10 (10%), 70 (70%) and 10 (10%) of Helicobacter pylori (-) patients, respectively, and the numbers increased with increasing Helicobacter pylori intensity when compared with Helicobacter pylori (+) patients (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Atrophy was found in 27 (5.5%) of all cases (in 10 Helicobacter pylori (-) patients and in 17 Helicobacter pylori (+) patients), but no significant relation was found with increasing Helicobacter pylori intensity (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between corpus alone or antrum alone Helicobacter pylori (+) and both corpus/antrum (+) patients in regards to the presence of activity, inflammation, intestinal metaplasia, and atrophy (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Determination of the degree of morphological changes accompanying Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspepsia is important in the follow-up and treatment of patients. As activity, inflammation and intestinal metaplasia increase with increasing Helicobacter pylori intensity in dyspepsia patients, Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment can be recommended in these patients.
Family Characteristics of Diabetic Adolescents: Relationship to Metabolic Control

This research compares the family environments of diabetic adolescents in good (HbA1c < 10), fair (10 ≥ HbA1c ≤ 14), and poor (HbA1c > 14) control. Fifty-eight adolescents diagnosed with type I diabetes and their parents (mothers) were independently assessed with structured interviews, the Moos Family Environment Scale, and adolescents also completed the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. As compared with adolescents in poor control, those in good control reported fewer diabetes-related symptoms and had less anxiety and a more positive self-concept. Well-controlled youths also reported more cohesion and less conflict among family members. More parents of well-controlled youths stated that family members were encouraged to behave independently. In addition, more parents of poorly controlled adolescents believed that diabetes had negatively affected the child's personality, physical well-being, schooling, and participation in activities away from home. These findings suggest a complex interplay between the diabetic adolescent's psychological and physical functioning, metabolic control, and the family environment.
A muscle activity factor increasing sugar uptake by rat diaphragms in vitro

It is known that during muscular contraction the entry of glucose and related non-utilizable sugars into muscle, using eviscerated preparations, is enhanced (Levine & Goldstein, 1955). Goldstein (1959, 1961) has recently suggested that humoral factors released by contracting muscle could enhance the entry of sugar into resting muscle. Other workers have not been able to establish a humoral effect, and have postulated local effects, e.g. partial anaerobiosis resulting from muscular work might influence sugar transport (Helmreich & Cori, 1957; Sacks & Smith, 1958; Dulin & Clark, 1961). It should be recalled that during perfusion as well as during in vivo experiments, severe muscular exercise may cause the release of vasodilatory substances which could facilitate glucose uptake by resting muscle. In vivo it would be difficult to distinguish between vasodilatory and membrane transport effects, either of which could enhance glucose uptake by resting muscle. The release in vitro by contracting muscle of a 'muscular activity factor' (MAF) capable of increasing the transport of glucose and certain other analogues into resting muscle has been described (Havivi & Wertheimer, 1962). The present communication deals with the conditions under which this factor is formed and the evidence for differentiation between MAF and insulin; some of its chemical and physical properties are described.
Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control of a Drive System with Flexible Joint

In the paper a robust control system with the fuzzy-neuro sliding mode controller was proposed. A model reference adaptive control structure was applied to a drive system with flexible connection between the motor and the load machine. The torsional vibrations were successfully suppressed in the control structure with only one basic feedback from the motor speed. The damping ability of the system was confirmed for the wide range of the system parameters and different types of the reference signals. The proposed control structure was investigated under simulation and experimental tests
Variations in the Composition of Gelling Agents Affect Morphophysiological and Molecular Responses to Deficiencies of Phosphate and Other Nutrients1[C][W][OA]

Low inorganic phosphate (Pi) availability triggers an array of spatiotemporal adaptive responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). There are several reports on the effects of Pi deprivation on the root system that have been attributed to different growth conditions and/or inherent genetic variability. Here we show that the gelling agents, largely treated as inert components, significantly affect morphophysiological and molecular responses of the seedlings to deficiencies of Pi and other nutrients. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy analysis revealed variable levels of elemental contaminants not only in different types of agar but also in different batches of the same agar. Fluctuating levels of phosphorus (P) in different agar types affected the growth of the seedlings under Pi-deprivation condition. Since P interacts with other elements such as iron, potassium, and sulfur, contaminating effects of these elements in different agars were also evident in the Pi-deficiency-induced morphological and molecular responses. P by itself acted as a contaminant when studying the responses of Arabidopsis to micronutrient (iron and zinc) deficiencies. Together, these results highlighted the likelihood of erroneous interpretations that could be easily drawn from nutrition studies when different agars have been used. As an alternative, we demonstrate the efficacy of a sterile and contamination-free hydroponic system for dissecting morphophysiological and molecular responses of Arabidopsis to different nutrient deficiencies.
Subdivisions de surfaces et cartes généralisées de dimension 2

This paper deals with modeling subdivisions of orientable surfaces, with or without boundaries. Modeling this kind of subdivisions is ofgreat interest in Boundary Représentation. Following Griffîths' book [12] for instance, we present a constructive définition of subdivisions of surfaces, and a classification of these subdivisions into topological surfaces. We also present the notion of topological 2-map, which allows to model the topology of any subdivision of any orientable surface without boundaries, and the notion of 2-G-map, introduced by W. T. Tutte, which allows to model the topology of any subdivision of any surface {orientable or not, with or without boundaries). Any 2-map can be deduced from a 2-G-map, which defines the topology of a subdivision of an orientable surface without boundaries. Characteristics are associated to any 2map and to any 2-G-map. These characteristics make it possible to classify 2-maps and 2-G-maps, according to the classification of the subdivisions which are defined by these 2-maps and 2-G-maps. Finally, we present basic opérations, which allow to construct any 2-G-map (and consequently, of any 2-map). (*) Reçu en décembre 1988, revisé en avril 1990. l) C.N. R.S. , Département d'Informatique, Université Louis-Pasteur, 7, rue René-Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, Informatique théorique et Applications/Theoretical Informaties and Applications 0988-3754/91/02 171 32/S5.20/© AFCET-Gauthier-Villars
The Aurora B Kinase Promotes Inner and Outer Kinetochore Interactions in Budding Yeast

The kinetochore is the macromolecular protein complex that mediates chromosome segregation. The Dsn1 component is crucial for kinetochore assembly and is phosphorylated by the Aurora B kinase. We found that Aurora B phosphorylation of Dsn1 promotes the interaction between outer and inner kinetochore proteins in budding yeast.
Relay-Assisted Spectrum and Infrastructure Sharing between Multiple Operators

Relay-assisted physical resource sharing has the potentia l to improve the spectral efficiency, enhance the coverage, and decrease the expenditures for opera- tors. By sharing the infrastructure (relay) and the spectru m, a new type of interference is created on the physical layer. Handling the interference demands novel physical layer techniques that are investigated in SAPHYRE project. In this paper, we de- scribe three relay sharing examples where the spectrum and the infrastructure (relay) are shared between multiple operators and introduce initial physical layer solutions. The first example considers a DS/CDMA system and studies the r esource allocation problem using a game theory approach. The results show that the proposed approach can achieve a significant gain in a heavily loaded system. The second one deals with a MIMO system and introduces a sub-optimal transmit strategy inspired by the inter- ference channel. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach results in significant gains in terms of sum rate compared to an exclus ive assignment of the resources. The last case is inspired by wireless network coding and shows the hierar- chical exclusive code (HXC) design of a 2-source relay network.
Influence of analysis technique on measurement of diffusion tensor imaging parameters.

OBJECTIVE We compared results from various methods of analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from a single dataset consisting of 10 healthy adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS All subjects were imaged on a single 3-T MRI system (single-shot echo-planar imaging pulse sequence; b value, 1000 s/mm(2)). We measured fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and axial and radial diffusivity values using 64-pixel rectangular regions of interest (ROIs) in the right side, midline, and left side of the central portion of the splenium of the corpus callosum for fixed (i.e., at same sites in all subjects) and targeted (i.e., at sites of highest FA values) locations. We compared results with those obtained using 64-pixel oval ROIs and 100-pixel rectangular ROIs in the same locations. Finally, we compared results from ROI-based methods and from tractography. All comparisons used the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the intraclass correlation of individual values. RESULTS Compared to tractography, the average of mean ROI-based values was significantly higher for fixed (approximately 14%) and targeted (approximately 39%) FA values and was significantly lower for ADC (approximately 16%) and radial diffusivity (approximately 38%) values. For solely ROI-based comparisons, statistically significant differences were found in the following comparisons: 64- versus 100-pixel ROI, oval versus rectangular ROI, targeted FA left of midline versus mean targeted FA value, and targeted ROI right of midline versus mean targeted FA value. CONCLUSION Markedly different values were obtained when using either ROI- or tractography-based techniques or ROI analysis techniques that differ only relatively slightly.
Human Stapes and its Variations I. General Features

OTOSCLEROSIS is one of the well recognized causes of middle ear deafness (Guild, 1944; Shambaugh, 1959). In the past, various surgical procedures have been employed to overcome the ill effects of Otosclerosis. In recent years, primarily due to Rosen's monumental work in 1952, the technique of stapes mobilization has attracted much attention and has paved the way for discovery of better procedures of stapes surgery. The adult human stapes shows considerable morphological variations (Anson, Hanson and Richany, i960; Kelly, i960). The surgeon has to be fully conversant with anatomical details of the stapes before he can undertake any surgical procedures concerning it such as mobilization, partial or complete removal, or its replacement by a prosthesis. This pre-requisite has been stressed by a number of experienced workers like De Vincentiis and Cimino (1957), Cawthorne (1957) and Farrior (1958). It was to make available this anatomical knowledge of stapes to the surgeons, that the present study was undertaken primarily.
Finite-set model predictive control of a flying capacitor converter with heuristic voltage vector preselection

This paper presents a finite-set model predictive strategy for current control of a resistive-inductive-active load with a three-phase three-level flying capacitor converter. A heuristic method is used to reduce the calculation effort and to increase the prediction horizon. A disturbance observer determines the active part of the load. A hysteresis-based voltage balancing algorithm makes use of the redundancy of the 64 switching possibilities of the converter. The proposed method significantly reduces the calculation effort compared to classical finite-set model predictive control methods.
Nervous system tumors associated with familial tumor syndromes.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW There are several well-characterized hereditary syndromes that predispose to the development of tumors of the nervous system, and that result from germline mutations in high-penetrance genes. In this review, we provide a brief overview of these syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS The elucidation of the molecular basis of hereditary syndromes has greatly contributed to our understanding of the pathogenesis of human neoplasms. Signaling pathways involved in hereditary syndromes predisposing to the development of nervous system tumors include RAS, WNT, RB1, TP53, and PTCH signaling pathways, which play key roles in gene regulation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. The discovery of the genetic origin of nervous system tumors in patients with familial cancer syndromes has been the basis for target identification and drug development. This process has resulted in exciting novel and innovative therapeutic approaches. We also briefly review two important advances in this area: the treatment of medulloblastomas in patients with mutations in the PTCH1 gene, and the discovery of deregulated mammalian target of rapamycin as a major oncogenic driver molecule in patients with TSC mutations and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. SUMMARY Progress in the understanding of hereditary nervous system tumors is increasingly important for diagnosis and treatment.
Barriers to antiretroviral medication adherence in HIV-infected women

Little is known about the barriers which women living with HIV/AIDS encounter that impede their adherence to antiretroviral medication regimens. Yet in order to design effective interventions to improve women's adherence, it is first imperative to identify the factors that contribute to their non-adherence. The purpose of this study was to explore, from HIV-infected women's own perspectives, the barriers they faced in adhering to combination antiretroviral therapies. Twenty HIV-infected women were asked to keep a personal journal for a period of one month. In the journals, women wrote about what their lives were like while taking antiretroviral medications. Line-by-line open coding was done to identify major ideas and themes within the journal entries. Results showed that women faced six main barriers to adherence, those related to: (1) medication regimens, (2) side effects, (3) social relationships, (4) medication beliefs, (5) daily schedules, and (6) body weight. The findings underscore the difficult nature of the antiretroviral regimens and illuminate the daily obstacles women face in adhering to therapy. Interventions that target women's unique barriers are needed to improve adherence to antiretroviral medication regimens.
Network Coding for Energy Efficient Wireless Multimedia Transmission in Ad Hoc Network

Network coding is a new concept to realize efficient transmission in multimedia communication network. The basic idea is that intermediate nodes in a network are allowed not only to perform routing but also to encourage certain functions on its received data. In this paper, we present a new transmission diversity scheme which employs network coding to provide energy efficient multimedia transmission in wireless mobile ad hoc network. Specifically, the network equipped with the new scheme can provide the same symbol error rate (SER) in physical layer, whereas the total energy consumption of transmission is decreased by diversity transmission with network coding.
Nuevo sistema de puntaje de predicción de la hemorragia digestiva alta complicada en comparación con el sistema de puntaje de Rockall

Objetivo. Desarrollar un nuevo sistema de prediccion clinica para calificar la severidad de la hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) complicada y compararla con el sistema de puntaje de Rockall. Material y Metodos. Se incluyeron prospectivamente a pacientes ingresados a la emergencia del Hospital Nacional Hipolito Unanue de Lima con diagnostico de HDA. Se definio como HDA complicada a la asociada a muerte, resangrado o necesidad de cirugia. Se consignaron variables clinicas y de laboratorio. Se realizo un analisis univariado y multivariado utilizando un modelo de regresion logistica multiple. El modelo final fue posteriormente simplificado mediante una transformacion lineal. Se compararon el area bajo la curva (ABC) ROC del puntaje desarrollado vs. el puntaje de Rockall pre y postendoscopico. Resultados. Se incluyo a 98 pacientes durante el periodo de enero del 2005 a junio del 2006. La mortalidad fue del 9,1 por ciento y la proporcion de pacientes con HDA complicada fue del 27,5 por ciento. El sistema de puntaje desarrollado fue el siguiente: probabilidad de HDA complicada = edad (anos) /2 + 30 (en presencia de ictericia) + 25 (en presencia de trombocitopenia) - 8. El ABC ROC fue de 0,78 (IC95 por ciento 0,67-0,88) mientras que para el puntaje de Rockall preendoscopico fue de 0,73 (IC95 por ciento 0,61-0, 86) y para el puntaje de Rockall postendoscopico fue de 0,81 (IC95 por ciento 0,70- 0,92). Conclusiones. El sistema de puntaje desarrollado en nuestro estudio constituye una herramienta util, economica y facilmente aplicable para la evaluacion inicial del paciente con HDA comparado con el sistema de puntaje de Rockall.