Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thirty-Eight-Negative Kinase 1 Is a Mediator of Acute Kidney Injury in Experimental and Clinical Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock

Trauma represents a major socioeconomic burden worldwide. After a severe injury, hemorrhagic shock (HS) as a frequent concomitant aspect is a central driver of systemic inflammation and organ damage. The kidney is often strongly affected by traumatic-HS, and acute kidney injury (AKI) poses the patient at great risk for adverse outcome. Recently, thirty-eight-negative kinase 1 (TNK1) was proposed to play a detrimental role in organ damage after trauma/HS. Therefore, we aimed to assess the role of TNK1 in HS-induced kidney injury in a murine and a post hoc analysis of a non-human primate model of HS comparable to the clinical situation. Mice and non-human primates underwent resuscitated HS at 30 mmHg for 60 min. 5 h after the induction of shock, animals were assessed for systemic inflammation and TNK1 expression in the kidney. In vitro, murine distal convoluted tubule cells were stimulated with inflammatory mediators to gain mechanistic insights into the role of TNK1 in kidney dysfunction. In a translational approach, we investigated blood drawn from either healthy volunteers or severely injured patients at different time points after trauma (from arrival at the emergency room and at fixed time intervals until 10 days post injury; identifier: NCT02682550, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02682550). A pronounced inflammatory response, as seen by increased IL-6 plasma levels as well as early signs of AKI, were observed in mice, non-human primates, and humans after trauma/HS. TNK1 was found in the plasma early after trauma-HS in trauma patients. Renal TNK1 expression was significantly increased in mice and non-human primates after HS, and these effects with concomitant induction of apoptosis were blocked by therapeutic inhibition of complement C3 activation in non-human primates. Mechanistically, in vitro data suggested that IL-6 rather than C3 cleavage products induced upregulation of TNK1 and impaired barrier function in renal epithelial cells. In conclusion, these data indicate that C3 inhibition in vivo may inhibit an excessive inflammatory response and mediator release, thereby indirectly neutralizing TNK1 as a potent driver of organ damage. In future studies, we will address the therapeutic potential of direct TNK1 inhibition in the context of severe tissue trauma with different degrees of additional HS.
Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Essential Oil Extracted from the Aerial Part of Elsholtzia fruticosa against Ditylenchus destructor

Abstract The present study investigated the chemical composition of essential oil extracted from Elsholtzia fruticosa, and evaluated the biological activities of the essential oil and its main components against Ditylenchus destructor. The essential oil of E. fruticosa was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/ MS. Twenty-three components of essential oil were identified. The most abundant compounds were eucalyptol (40.1%), γ-terpinene (15.8%), limonene (9.3%) and β-pinene (5.2%). Essential oil and three major constituents (eucalyptol, γ-terpinene, and limonene) were tested for their biological activities against D. destructor. The results showed that the essential oil, eucalyptol, γ-terpinene, and limonene exhibited a strong effect of suppression against D. destructor (EC50/24h = 0.16, 0.27, 0.36 and 0.23 mg/ml, respectively). The essential oil, eucalyptol, ã-terpinene, and limonene also possessed the obvious nematicidal activities against D. destructor (LC50/24h = 0.18, 0.46, 0.66 and 0.38 mg/ml, respectively). The essential oil and main components described herein merit further study as potential botanical nematicides against D. destructor.
Bases Ecológicas para o Manejo da Mosca-Branca Bemisia tabaci em Sistemas Agroecológicos de Produção de Tomate

This study presents new ecological basis for the management of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in agroecological tomato crop system. We conducted laboratory and field experiments evaluating the effects of tomato+coriander consortium and the irrigation system (drip and sprinkler) on the insect behavior and population dynamics. Constitutive volatiles from coriander directly affected the capacity of whiteflies to find tomatoes as its host plant. In field, this consortium associated with sprinkler irrigation benefits the abundance and diversity of natural enemies and reduced the tomato colonization by whiteflies, mainly in the beginning of the crop cycle. Moreover, we discuss the direct and indirect effects caused by coriander and the irrigation system on whiteflies populations in the agroecological tomato crop system.
To Approach or Avoid: An Introductory Overview of the Study of Anxiety Using Rodent Assays

Anxiety is a widely studied phenomenon in behavioral neuroscience, but the recent literature lacks an overview of the major conceptual framework underlying anxiety research to introduce young researchers to the field. In this mini-review article, which is aimed toward new undergraduate and graduate students, we discuss how researchers exploit the approach-avoidance conflict, an internal conflict rodents face between exploration of novel environments and avoidance of danger, to inform rodent assays that allow for the measurement of anxiety-related behavior in the laboratory. We review five widely-used rodent anxiety assays, consider the pharmacological validity of these assays, and discuss neural circuits that have recently been shown to modulate anxiety using the assays described. Finally, we offer related lines of inquiry and comment on potential future directions.
Renal and Neurologic Benefit of Levosimendan vs Dobutamine in Patients With Low Cardiac Output Syndrome After Cardiac Surgery: Clinical Trial FIM-BGC-2014-01

Background Low-cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) after cardiac surgery secondary to systemic hypoperfusion is associated with a higher incidence of renal and neurological damage. A range of effective therapies are available for LCOS. The beneficial systemic effects of levosimendan persist even after cardiac output is restored, which suggests an independent cardioprotective effect. Methods A double-blind clinical trial was conducted in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LCOS randomized into two treatment groups (levosimendan vs. dobutamine). Monitoring of hemodynamic (cardiac index, systolic volume index, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, central venous saturation); biochemical (e.g. creatinine, S100B protein, NT-proBNP, troponin I); and renal parameters was performed using acute kidney injury scale (AKI scale) and renal and brain ultrasound measurements [vascular resistance index (VRI)] at diagnosis and during the first 48 h. Results Significant differences were observed between groups in terms of cardiac index, systolic volume index, NT-proBNP, and kidney injury stage at diagnosis. In the levosimendan group, there were significant variations in AKI stage after 24 and 48 h. No significant differences were observed in the other parameters studied. Conclusion Levosimendan showed a beneficial effect on renal function in LCOS patients after cardiac surgery that was independent from cardiac output and vascular tone. This effect is probably achieved by pharmacological postconditioning. Clinical Trial Registration EUDRA CT, identifier 2014-001461-27. https://www.clinicaltrialsregister. eu/ctr-search/search? query=2014-001461-27
Development and Analysis of a Stable, Reduced Complexity Model Soil Microbiome

The soil microbiome is central to the cycling of carbon and other nutrients and to the promotion of plant growth. Despite its importance, analysis of the soil microbiome is difficult due to its sheer complexity, with thousands of interacting species. Here, we reduced this complexity by developing model soil microbial consortia that are simpler and more amenable to experimental analysis but still represent important microbial functions of the native soil ecosystem. Samples were collected from an arid grassland soil and microbial communities (consisting mainly of bacterial species) were enriched on agar plates containing chitin as the main carbon source. Chitin was chosen because it is an abundant carbon and nitrogen polymer in soil that often requires the coordinated action of several microorganisms for complete metabolic degradation. Several soil consortia were derived that had tractable richness (30–50 OTUs) with diverse phyla representative of the native soil, including Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The resulting consortia could be stored as glycerol or lyophilized stocks at −80°C and revived while retaining community composition, greatly increasing their use as tools for the research community at large. One of the consortia that was particularly stable was chosen as a model soil consortium (MSC-1) for further analysis. MSC-1 species interactions were studied using both pairwise co-cultivation in liquid media and during growth in soil under several perturbations. Co-abundance analyses highlighted interspecies interactions and helped to define keystone species, including Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, and Rhizobiales taxa. These experiments demonstrate the success of an approach based on naturally enriching a community of interacting species that can be stored, revived, and shared. The knowledge gained from querying these communities and their interactions will enable better understanding of the soil microbiome and the roles these interactions play in this environment.
INVOLVEMENT OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN BETACYANIN ACCUMULATION INDUCED BY DARK IN LEAVES OF SUAEDA SALSA

Aims Betalains are an important class of water-soluble pigments that comprise the red-violet betacyanins and the yellow betaxanthins and accumulate in most families of the Caryophyllales and some higher fungi. However, little is known about the regulation of betalain bio-synthesis by environmental factors in higher plants. Our objective is to explore the mechanism and the biological role of betacyanin accumulation induced by dark in leaves of the C3 halophyte Suaeda salsa. Methods Seeds of S. salsa were cultured in 24 h dark and 14 h light/10 h dark, and watered with 0, 0.2% and 1.0% H2O2 nutrient solution. Seedlings were harvested three days later and assayed for betacyanin content, H2O2 content, activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves. Important findings Darkness significantly enhanced H2O2 content, betacyanin content, activity of SOD and CAT in S. salsa leaves. Application of different concentrations of H2O2 to the culture solution increased H2O2 content, betacyanin content, activity of SOD and CAT compared to the dark treatment. Betacyanin content and H2O2 content in S. salsa leaves were closely related. Moreover, the scavenging superoxide (O-·2) ability of the betacyanins from S. salsa leaves in vitro was lower than that of vitamin C, while the scavenging hydroxyl radical (·OH) ability of the betacyains was much higher than that of vitamin C. These results suggest that betacyanin accumulation in S. salsa leaves grown in dark is possibly induced via reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 and that betacyanin is involved in alleviating damage caused by oxidative stress due to its high ROS scavenging ability.
First Report of Sorafenib in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Harboring Non-Canonical FLT3 Mutations

The prognostics implications of patients with acute myeloid leukemia harboring non-canonical FLT3 is unknown. The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in this patient population has not been previously reported. We report successful targeted therapy against non-ITD, non-D835 driver FLT3 alterations in two patient case studies with acute myeloid leukemia.
Co-infection of Salmonella enteritidis with H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens

ABSTRACT Salmonella and avian influenza virus are important pathogens affecting the poultry industry and human health worldwide. In this experimental study, we evaluated the consequences of co-infection of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) with H9N2 avian influenza virus (H9N2-AIV) in chickens. Four groups were included: control group, H9N2-AIV group, H9N2-AIV + SE group, and SE group. Infected chickens were intranasally inoculated with H9N2-AIV at 21 days of age and then orally administered SE on the same day. The birds were monitored for clinical signs, mortality rates, and alterations in body weight. Sera, intestinal fluids, oropharyngeal, and cloacal swabs, and tissue samples were collected at 2, 6, 10, and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Significant increases in clinical signs and mortality rates were observed in the H9N2-AIV + SE group. Moreover, chickens with co-infection showed a significant change in body weight. SE faecal shedding and organ colonization were significantly higher in the H9N2-AIV + SE group than in the SE group. H9N2-AIV infection compromised the systemic and mucosal immunity against SE, as evidenced by a significant decrease in lymphoid organ indices as well as systemic antibody and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses to SE and a significant increase in splenic and bursal lesion scores. Moreover, SE infection significantly increased shedding titres and duration of H9N2-AIV. In conclusion, this is the first report of co-infection of SE with H9N2-AIV in chickens, which leads to increased pathogenicity, SE faecal shedding and organ colonization, and H9N2-AIV shedding titre and duration, resulting in substantial economic losses and environmental contamination, ultimately leading to increased zoonoses.
Cellulolytic fruits wastes: a potential support for enzyme assisted protein production

White rot fungus are valuable class of filamentous and spore forming strains capable of use as animal feed supplements when cultivated under submerged state bioconversion. Selected bacidiomycetes; Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium), Panus tigrinus M609RQY (M6) and RO2 were grown solely on liquid and solid substrates of banana peel, pineapple peel and papaya peel. On banana peel (solid and liquid), RO2 has the highest protein (15.88 and 14.08mg/g), followed by P. chrysosporium (15.09 and 13.56mg/g) and M6 (13.24 and 8.07mg/g). On pineapple peel, RO2 protein is 17.71 and 12.79mg/g, M6 12.61 and 12.32mg/g. P. chrysosporium produced 12.27 and 6.85mg/g protein. RO2 produced 15.64 and 12.94mg/g protein on Papaya peel, M6 produced 9.23 and 10.09mg/g while P. chrysosporium synthesized 8.16 and 10.21mg/g. P. chrysosporium, M6 and RO2 produced good α-amylase and cellulase enzyme activities that assisted in substrate degradation for protein synthesis.
DNA Damage and Survival Time Course of Deinococcal Cell Pellets During 3 Years of Exposure to Outer Space

The hypothesis called “panspermia” proposes an interplanetary transfer of life. Experiments have exposed extremophilic organisms to outer space to test microbe survivability and the panspermia hypothesis. Microbes inside shielding material with sufficient thickness to protect them from UV-irradiation can survive in space. This process has been called “lithopanspermia,” meaning rocky panspermia. We previously proposed sub-millimeter cell pellets (aggregates) could survive in the harsh space environment based on an on-ground laboratory experiment. To test our hypothesis, we placed dried cell pellets of the radioresistant bacteria Deinococcus spp. in aluminum plate wells in exposure panels attached to the outside of the International Space Station (ISS). We exposed microbial cell pellets with different thickness to space environments. The results indicated the importance of the aggregated form of cells for surviving in harsh space environment. We also analyzed the samples exposed to space from 1 to 3 years. The experimental design enabled us to get and extrapolate the survival time course to predict the survival time of Deinococcus radiodurans. Dried deinococcal cell pellets of 500 μm thickness were alive after 3 years of space exposure and repaired DNA damage at cultivation. Thus, cell pellets 1 mm in diameter have sufficient protection from UV and are estimated to endure the space environment for 2–8 years, extrapolating the survival curve and considering the illumination efficiency of the space experiment. Comparison of the survival of different DNA repair-deficient mutants suggested that cell aggregates exposed in space for 3 years suffered DNA damage, which is most efficiently repaired by the uvrA gene and uvdE gene products, which are responsible for nucleotide excision repair and UV-damage excision repair. Collectively, these results support the possibility of microbial cell aggregates (pellets) as an ark for interplanetary transfer of microbes within several years.
Positive Role of the MHC Class-I Antigen Presentation Regulator m04/gp34 of Murine Cytomegalovirus in Antiviral Protection by CD8 T Cells

Murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) codes for MHC class-I trafficking modulators m04/gp34, m06/gp48, and m152/gp40. By interacting with the MHC class-Iα chain, these proteins disconnect peptide-loaded MHC class-I (pMHC-I) complexes from the constitutive vesicular flow to the cell surface. Based on the assumption that all three inhibit antigen presentation, and thus the recognition of infected cells by CD8 T cells, they were referred to as “immunoevasins. ” Improved antigen presentation mediated by m04 in the presence of m152 after infection with deletion mutant mCMV-Δm06W, compared to mCMV-Δm04m06 expressing only m152, led us to propose renaming these molecules “viral regulators of antigen presentation” (vRAP) to account for both negative and positive functions. In accordance with a positive function, m04-pMHC-I complexes were found to be displayed on the cell surface, where they are primarily known as ligands for Ly49 family natural killer (NK) cell receptors. Besides the established role of m04 in NK cell silencing or activation, an anti-immunoevasive function by activation of CD8 T cells is conceivable, because the binding site of m04 to MHC class-Iα appears not to mask the peptide binding site for T-cell receptor recognition. However, functional evidence was based on mCMV-Δm06W, a virus of recently doubted authenticity. Here we show that mCMV-Δm06W actually represents a mixture of an authentic m06 deletion mutant and a mutant with an accidental additional deletion of a genome region encompassing also gene m152. Reanalysis of previously published experiments for the authentic mutant in the mixture confirms the previously concluded positive vRAP function of m04.
Additional Observations on the Sleep of Insects

In 1916, I published, jointly with Nellie L. Rau, a paper entitled “The Sleep of Insects: an Ecological Study. ” This appeared in Volume 9, pages 227 to 274 of the Annals of the Entomological Society of America. During the subsequent years I have from time to time made new observations on the phenomenon of the sleep of insects. Since naturalists are now giving to nocturnal ecology the attention that it deserves, I thought that these additional notes should be placed on record.
Harvest of green willow biomass for feed – effects of harvest time and frequency on yield, nutrient concentration, silage quality and regrowth

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of harvest time during the growth season on yield, quality and regrowth of willow. An eight-year-old willow field was harvested in April 2017, and biomass was harvested either once during 2017 on five dates from 13 June to 27 October, harvested twice in June and October or not harvested in 2017. Biomass yield, nutrient uptake and silage quality were measured for 2017 harvests, and regrowth yield was measured in November 2018. Postponing harvest from June to October increased dry matter (DM) mass fraction from 17.4 to 42.8% and decreased the concentration of ash, N, P and K in DM with N decreasing from 33.3 to 9.7 g kg−1. pH in willow silage decreased with the later harvest. DM yield increased from 1.1 to 5.8 Mg ha−1 from June to September and decreased to 4.5 Mg ha−1 in October, and two harvests in 2017 only yielded 2.2 Mg ha−1 in total. The sum of DM yields in 2017 and 2018 were 11.4 Mg ha−1 without harvest in 2017 and ranged between 5.2 and 9.8 Mg ha−1 when harvested in 2017.
Optimal Dose of an Antiaggregation Pheromone (3-Methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one) for Protecting Live Douglas-Fir from Attack by Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Coleopera: Scolytidae)

The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, anti aggregation pheromone, 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (MCH), was applied to stands of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirabel) Franco, at high risk for infestation to determine the lowest effective dose for protecting live trees. MCH was applied at rates of 50, 100, and 150 bubble capsules per hectare (20, 40, and 60 g/ha, respectively) in 1994, and 15, 30, and 50 bubble capsules per hectare (6, 12, and 20 g/ha, respectively) in 1995. Mean release rates throughout the beetle flight periods in 1994 and 1995 were 1.63 and 1.23 milligrams per capsule per day, respectively. For both years, catches of Douglas-fir beetles in pheromone-baited traps located at the plot centers were significantly lower on all MCH-treated plots compared with untreated plots, but there were no differences among the 3 doses of MCH. In contrast, NCR had no effect on the numbers of 3 predators [ Thanasimus undatulus (Say), Enoclerus sphegeus F. , and Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim)] collected in the traps during either year. In 1994, the percentage of Douglas-fir ≥20 cm diameter at breast height (abh) that were mass attacked was significantly lower on MCH-treated plots compared with the untreated control, and all 3 doses were equally effective. In 1995, there were no significant differences in the percentage of mass-attacked trees among the treatments. These results demonstrate that MCH applied at rates as low as 20 g/ha (50 bubble capsules per hectare) can reduce the probability that high-risk Douglas-fir will become infested.
Microsatellite markers in amphibian conservation genetics

Recent technical advances allow straightforward access to genetic information directly drawn from DNA. The present article highlights the suitability of high variation molecular genetic markers, such as microsatellites, for studies relevant to amphibian conservation. Molecular markers appear particularly useful for i) measuring local gene flow and migration, ii) assigning individuals to their most likely population of origin, iii) measuring effective population size through the between-generation comparison of allele frequencies, and iv) detecting past demographic bottlenecks through allele frequency distortions. We demonstrate the use of some newly developed analytical tools on newt (Triturus sp.) microsatellite data, discuss practical aspects of using microsatellites for amphibians, and outline potential future research directions.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Genetic inheritance and identification of a resistance gene analogue polymorphic (RGAP) marker linked to Chilli veinal mottle virus resistance in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

ABSTRACTChilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) is a most destructive virus, which causes severe yield losses in pepper. Host plant resistance is the only option to tackle this problem. Eleven ChiVMV-resistant lines were selected from an initial screening of chilli pepper germplasm and their resistance was reconfirmed by artificial inoculation. To understand the genetic basis of inheritance and to identify a resistance gene analogue polymorphic (RGAP) marker associated with resistance, the ChiVMV-resistant chilli pepper line ‘IHR 2451’ (Parent 1) was crossed with the ChiVMV-susceptible line ‘IHR 3476’ (Parent 2) to develop six generations. Individual plants from all six generations (35 P1, 50 P1, 30 F1, 200 F2, 44 B1, and 41 B2) were artificially inoculated with ChiVMV (Bengaluru isolate) and the pattern of segregation of susceptibility or resistance was investigated using the chi-square (χ2) test. All F1 progeny plants were susceptible to ChiVMV. The pattern of segregation of resistant and susceptible plants.