Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultural intelligence, global mindset, and cross-cultural competencies: a systematic review using bibliometric methods

We conducted a systematic review of 158 publications on Cultural Intelligence (CQ) and related concepts, Global Mindset (GM), and Cross-cultural Competence (CC) using bibliometric methods. We apply citation analysis to highlight the most influential (in terms of citations) journals, publications, and specific researchers in the field. We apply factor and cluster analyses to analyse co-citations to identify the current knowledge structure in the research field. With content coding on the resulting groups of co-citations, we identify five research streams showing the overlap between the CQ, GM, and CC constructs, and also revealing the separations in the research on the constructs. We perform burst analyses to identify trends and emerging topics or streams. Building on this, we outline future research opportunities.
Parameters Affecting the Growth of the Estuarine Crocodile, Crocodylus-Porosus, in Captivity

The effects of variation in diet, density and handling frequency on the growth, intake and conversion efficiency of immature Crocodylus porosus were tested under experimental conditions. The clutch of origin explained most of the variation in all variables. Only after taking clutch into account could it be concluded that diets of pork and beef were superior to fish. Significant interactions between clutch and density and clutch and handling frequency prevented analysis of these treatments: individuals from some clutches responded positively to stress, those from other clutches responded negatively. It was concluded that these clutch-related factors, whether they be genetic or environmental, must be elucidated before the effects of other treatments on crocodile growth can be determined.
Influence of Temperature and Moisture Upon the Nature and Extent of Decomposition of Plant Residues by Microorganisms

Climate markedly modifies the nature and rapidity of decomposition of plant remains in the soil and thus exerts all important influence upon the nature and abundance of the organic matter, or so-called " humus. " It is an entirely wrong assumption that this " humus," simply because it is dark in color and is found in the soil, always comprises the same constituents, in terms of definite chemical complexes. The chemical nature of the " humus " will depend upon: (I) the chemical nature of the plant residues; (2) the soil conditions, such as reaction, aeration, abundance of available minerals, etc., all of which modify the nature of the microscopic population of the soil which bring about the decomposition processes; (3) the environmental or climatic conditions, especially temperature and moisture supply, which modify not only the nature of the microrganisms but also the rate of the decomposition processes; (4) finally the type of microorganisms active in the decomposition of the plant residues, as influenced by the above factors. The problems commonly considered in the study of decomposition of plant residues, as influenced by climatic conditions, comprise: (i) the decomposition of the organic residues as a whole, as well as of the various chemical constituents; (2) the accumulation of " humus " which is more resistant to further decomposition than the fresh plant residues; (3) the rate of evolution of the plant nutrients in an available form. According to Mohr ('22), no organic matter accumulates in well aerated soils at an average temperature of 250 C. and higher. When the mean temperature is below 250 C. , organic matter accumulates even in fully aerated soils. The lower the temperature the greater will be the accumulation of organic matter in the soil, within certain limits. This he explained by the relative influence of the temperature upon the growth of higher plants and upon the development of microorganisms which destroy the plant residues. The lower temperatures check the growth of the latter more than of the former. As a result, organic matter, in the form of plant residues, will be produced quicker than it can be destroyed by microorganisms. In waterlogged soils, the aerobic fungi and bacteria are unable to develop, due to the prevailing anaerobic conditions, while certain higher plants grow readily.
Campylobacter fetus subespécie fetus: Abortamento e natimortalidade em ovinos

The bacteria of genus Campylobacter spp, is commonly involved in outbreaks of ovine abortion in many countries. In Brazil, until now, there has been no report on the occurrence of abortion in sheep caused by C. fetus subsp. fetus. In this paper, we report the detection this bacteria in ovine fetuses naturally infected. Thus, alert for possible cases of abortion in sheep caused by C. fetus subsp. fetus.
A first checklist of parmelioid and similar lichens in Europe and some adjacent territories, adopting revised generic circumscriptions and with indications of species distributions

Abstract: After a discussion of changing generic concepts in the parmelioid lichens, a checklist with the current species placements is presented. Twenty-five genera and 143 species are accepted for Europe, of which 17 genera and 112 species belong to the monophyletic parmelioid clade. The individual countries from which species are reported are provided, along with references to key publications. Synonyms used at species rank in Europe are cross-referenced, and the dates of publication of all names are provided. One new combination is made: Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris (syn. Parmelia pulvinaris, X. pseudohungarica).
Effect of calcium salts of fatty acids on rumen function and the digestibility of rations by sheep

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of supplementing chopped ryegrass hay with 0, 1.5, 3, 6 or 12% calcium salts of fatty acids (CaSFA; Megalac) on digestion in the rumen of cannulated cows and on nutrient digestibility by sheep. In-situ ruminal disappearances of dry matter (DM) and cell wall fractions (acid detergent fibre, ADF, and neutral detergent fibre, NDF) were measured by the nylon bag technique. The DM, ADF and NDF disappearances were reduced for diets containing CaSFA at the 1.5, 3 or 6% levels after 48 h of rumen exposure. For diets containing 12% CaSFA, irrespective of the time of rumen incubation, DM disappearance was decreased, while ADF and NDF breakdown was improved. CaSFA supplementation did not influence invitro fermentation characteristics (pH, volatile fatty acid patterns). A digestibility experiment with six mature sheep showed no difference in nitrogen digestibility between unsupplemented and CaSFA-supplemented diets. However, digestibilities of DM, ADF and NDF were higher relative to the basal for the 12% CaSFA: 63.1 versus 60.6%, 63.8 versus 58.7% and 67.4 versus 62.7%, respectively. Ether extract digestion was enhanced by increasing the level of CaSFA, the corresponding values being 49.1, 66.5, 78.6, 81.9 and 77.9% at 0, 1.5, 3, 6 and 12% CaSFA, respectively. Apparent digestibility of energy was higher for the 12% CaSFA than the control diet 68.8 versus 62.1%). Nitrogen and energy retention was improved due to the decreases in urine and faecal excretion, respectively.
Impact of exotic insect herbivores on native tritrophic interactions: a case study of the African cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis and insects associated with the field mustard Brassica rapa

When exotic herbivores invade new environments, they have the potential to interfere with native predator‐prey relationships. This interference can be indirect, via changes induced in native host plants, and may have cascading consequences at the community level. Here, we investigate the impact of the presence of an exotic generalist insect herbivore, the African cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, on the outcome of native tritrophic interactions between the plant Brassica rapa, the herbivore Pieris brassicae and its parasitoid Cotesia glomerata. In olfactometer choice tests, plants damaged by S. littoralis and plants damaged by both S. littoralis and P. brassicae were consistently less attractive to the parasitoid than plants damaged by P. brassicae alone. Chemical analyses revealed that B. rapa volatiles typically induced by S. littoralis dominated the headspace in case of dual herbivore infestation. In behavioural observations in petri dishes, C. glomerata wasps mistakenly attacked S. littoralis larvae significantly more often when P. brassicae was present, and attacks on both herbivores were comparable in terms of time (attack duration) and energy investment (number of eggs injected). Successful parasitism of S. littoralis was never observed, but larvae exposed to C. glomerata for 24 h exhibited reduced survivorship, possibly as a result of failed parasitism attempts. In tents with herbivore‐infested B. rapa plants, the presence of S. littoralis did not have an effect on the parasitism rates of P. brassicae by C. glomerata, regardless of whether the two species were on the same or on different plants. Field experiments in newly invaded environments are necessary to evaluate the realized impact of S. littoralis. Synthesis. Our study illustrates that exotic herbivores can impact native tritrophic interactions associated with Brassica rapa, even if they cannot be used as prey by native natural enemies. The mechanisms behind such effects, in particular chemical interference with foraging cues via changes in herbivore‐induced plant volatiles, have the potential to be quite general, and their long‐term effects on native communities should not be underestimated.
Sex determination in the dioecious Melandrium album: androgenic embryogenesis requires the presence of the X chromosome

Anther-derived plants of Melandrium album were analysed by flow-cytometric, phenotypic, cytological, and genetic means: more than 90% were classified as females, while no male plants were observed. Instead, one hermaphrodite and several atypical female parental plants were identified. One highly androgenic plant (M5045) turned out to possess two extra autosomes (2n = 26,XY) instead of the ordinary male formula, 2n = 24 (24,XY). The results are discussed in light of possible developmental interactions among the three classes of chromosomes in this dioecious species: male (Y), female (X), and autosomes.Key words: Melandrium album, dioecious, haploids, sex chromosomes, embryogenic development, hormones.
Time and frequency of applications of entomopathogenic nematodes and their persistence for control of western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis

Post application persistence of two entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain HK3 and Steinernema carpocapsae strain DD136, was studied against soil-dwelling late second instar larvae (L2) of western flower thrips (WFT) Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). The nematodes were applied at 200 and 400 infective juveniles (IJ) cm−2, and L2 WFT were introduced at 0 (same day), 3, 6, 9 or 12 days after nematode application (DANA). Heterorhabditis bacteriophora caused higher thrips mortality than S. carpocapsae in most of the tests and both species persisted for at least 6 days, causing WFT mortality of up to 76 and 37.8%, respectively. In a separate experiment, H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae (Filipjev) Sylt were applied at 200 and 400 IJ cm−2 once (10, 15, or 20 days) or twice (10 and 15, 10 and 20, or 15 and 20 days) after introduction of ten female and two male WFT adults onto bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). An early repeated application (10 and 15 days after adult WFT release) of H. bacteriophora at 200 IJ cm−2 resulted in significantly lower numbers WFT than a single applications at 400 IJ cm−2 indicating that better WFT control can be achieved if the same concentration is split over time. However, an early application (10 days after adult WFT release) of H. bacteriophora at 400 IJ cm−2 controlled WFT better than late applications, indicating that time of EPN application is additionally very crucial in WFT control. For S. feltiae, higher WFT mortality was recorded when nematodes were repeatedly applied on days 10 and 15 than in any other applications at a given concentration. Thus, an early application of an efficient and relatively more persistent nematode species, e.g., H. bacteriophora HK3, at a lower concentration but in a repeated manner, can result in higher thrips control than a single application at the higher concentration.
Recurrent neural network for abstractive summarization of documents

Abstract Automatic Text Summarization is the process which utilizes machine power to process large paragraphs in order to create brief and refined summary. Text summarization can be classified into two classes viz. extractive and abstractive. The pith of the extractive is a choice issue, which consequently picks significant sentences from the input content as indicated by different assessment measures; while abstractive requires a profound semantic and talk comprehension of the content to create a base rephrased summary. Deep learning gives an achievable system to create an abstractive summarizer. Intermittent neural system Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based arrangement to-grouping number of layers for learning has made as rounding progress in different natural language processing errands. The proposed model principally comprises of two sections - an encoder and a decoder - each one of which is a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). ROUGE assessment metric is utilized to assess the likeness between real feature and anticipated feature.
Gibberellins synthesized by the entomopathogenic bacterium, Photorhabdus temperata M1021 as one of the factors of rice plant growth promotion

In the present study, different types of gibberellins (GAs) in the culture filtrate (CF) of Photorhabdus temperata M1021 were quantified. The analysis of CF helped in profiling various bioactive GAs: GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7. Several physiologically inactive GAs: GA9, GA12, and GA20 were detected as well. Siderophore production was also investigated by growing P. temperata M1021 on chrome azurol-S blue agar plates. Furthermore, the strain was inoculated into ‘Waito-C’ (Oryza sativa L.) rice plants, which significantly (P < 0.05) increased plant growth attributes such as plant length, chlorophyll content, and fresh and dry biomass compared with those in controls. In a separate experiment, canola (Brassica napus L.) seeds treated with CF of M1021 were significantly (P < 0.05) accelerated germination rate as well as biomass production. Findings of the present study suggest that the strain M1021 contributes an important role in the plant growth by synthesizing a wide array of bioactive metabolites.
Effect of dietary milk cream and egg yolk fat on serum and liver lipid profile in rats

Influence of dietary fat from milk and egg yolk on serum and liver lipid profile was studied in rats. Rats fed milk fat at 5% level for 8 weeks showed a 17% decrease in serum cholesterol and 31% decrease in triacylglycerol compared to the control group of rats fed groundnut oil (GNO). Liver cholesterol was decreased by 20% in the milk fed group. There was no difference in serum cholesterol concentration of rats fed egg yolk compared to the control animals. However, triacylglycerol and phospholipids in serum of rats fed egg yolk were decreased by 20 and 24%, respectively. In another set of experiments animals were rendered hypercholesterolemic by feeding a diet containing 0.5% cholesterol. Addition of milk fat in the diet decreased serum and liver cholesterol by 11 and 17%, respectively, compared to rats fed on a control diet. Similarly, triacylglycerols were decreased by 23 and 8%, respectively, in serum and liver of animals given hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with milk fat. The egg yolk fat in the hypercholesterolemic diet did not exhibit such a reduction in serum and liver lipids. These studies indicated that milk fat decreased the serum and liver cholesterol levels in rats given normal and hypercholesterolemic diets.
Nucleation of calcite on the sheaths of cyanobacteria using a simple diffusion cell

Abstract A method allowing observation of calcium carbonate nucleation on the sheaths of cyanobacteria and other microorganisms is described. Nucleation of calcite was obtained on the sheaths of Lyngbya aestuarii and Scy‐tonema myochrous cultures but not on Entophysalis major and Pseudanabaena minuta. Differences in the rate of nucleation were also noted in media of differing salinity.
N-loss stoichiometry in a Peru ODZ eddy

Assuming heterotrophic denitrification as the dominant microbial process, Richards (1965) formulated a stoichiometry governing nitrogen loss in open-ocean oxygen deficient zones (ODZs). It prescribes the quantitative coupling between the oxidation of organic matter by NO–3 in the absence of O2 and the corresponding production of CO2, N2, and PO–34. Applied globally, this relationship defines key linkages between the C, N, and P cycles. However, the validity of Richards's stoichiometry is challenged by recognition of complex microbial N processing in ODZs including anammox as an important pathway and nitrite reoxidation. Whereas Richards's stoichiometry would result in N2-N production to NO–3 removal rates of 1.17, dominance by anammox with respect to biogenic N2 production could in theory result in a ratio as high as 2. Ratios with PO–34 production provide an additional constraint on the quantity and composition of respired organic matter. Here we use a mesoscale eddy with extreme N-loss in the Peru ODZ as a "natural laboratory" to examine N-loss stoichiometry. Its intense biogeochemical signatures, relatively well-defined timescales, and simplified hydrography allowed for the development of strong co-occurring gradients in NO–3, NO–2, biogenic N2, and PO–34. The production of biogenic N2 as compared with the removal of NO–3 (analyzed either directly or as N deficits) was slightly less than predicted by Richards's stoichiometry and did not at all support any "excess" biogenic N2. PO–34 production, however, was twice the expectation from Richards's stoichiometry suggesting that respired organic matter was P-rich as compared with C:N:P Redfield composition. These results suggest major gaps remain between current understanding of microbial N pathways in ODZs and their net biogeochemical output.
Modulation of macronutrient metabolism in barley leaves under iron-deficient condition

Iron (Fe) deficiency primarily damages photosystems. A large proportion of the reducing equivalents in mesophyll cells are dependent on the photosynthetic apparatus in the chloroplasts; thus, Fe deficiency profoundly affects nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) assimilation. Microarray data suggested that nutrient metabolisms concerning the assimilation and re-utilization of essential elements were modulated in barley under Fe-deficient condition. We compared the concentrations of the major essential elements between Fe-deficient barley leaves and Fe-deficient rice leaves. The Fe-deficient barley and rice plants had the same Fe and chlorophyll concentrations, but growth was reduced more in Fe-deficient rice than in Fe-deficient barley. The accumulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase protein and nitrite reductase, sulfite reductase, and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase mRNAs was reasonably decreased in the chlorotic young leaves of Fe-deficient barley. , , , , and Ca2+ concentrations were altered to a larger extent in Fe-deficient rice leaves than in Fe-deficient barley leaves, even in the non-chlorotic old leaves. In this paper, we discuss the adaptation of macronutrient metabolism to Fe deficiency in barley leaves.
Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the most common artery involved in acute stroke. It branches directly from the internal carotid artery and consists of four main branches, M1, M2, M3, and M4. These vessels provide blood supply to parts of the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes of the brain, as well as deeper structures, including the caudate, internal capsule, and thalamus. Its vast supply means that strokes involving the MCA territory can have a multitude of presenting symptoms, depending on which branches and structures are affected.
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Korean ginseng extract GS-KG9 in a D-galactosamine-induced liver damage animal model

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the improvement effect of white ginseng extract (GS-KG9) on D-galactosamine (Ga1N)-induced oxidative stress and liver injury. SUBJECTS/METHODS Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Rats were orally administrated with GS-KG9 (300, 500, or 700 mg/kg) or silymarin (25 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The rats of the GS-KG9- and silymarin-treated groups and a control group were then intraperitoneally injected Ga1N at a concentration of 650 mg/kg for 4 days. To investigate the protective effect of GS-KG9 against GalN-induced liver injury, blood liver function indicators, anti-oxidative stress indicators, and histopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS Serum biochemical analysis indicated that GS-KG9 ameliorated the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in GalN-treated rats. The hepatoprotective effects of GS-KG9 involved enhancing components of the hepatic antioxidant defense system, including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). In addition, GS-KG9 treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by GalN treatment in hepatocytes and significantly increased the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins, which are antioxidant proteins. In particular, by histological analyses bases on hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-β1 staining, we determined that the administration of 500 mg/kg GS-KG9 inhibited hepatic inflammation and fibrosis due to the excessive accumulation of collagen. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that GS-KG9 improves GalN-induced liver inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress. Therefore, GS-KG9 may be considered a useful candidate in the development of a natural preventive agent against liver injury.