Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fe oxidation state on the IR spectra of Garfield nontronite

Abstract The effects of Fe oxidation state on the infrared (IR) spectra of dioctahedral smectite were studied using a purified and Na+-saturated fraction of the Garfield nontronite reference clay. The nontronite was first reduced with sodium dithionite for a period of 10 to 240 min to obtain various Fe reduction levels. The reduced samples were then reoxidized by bubbling O2 through the suspensions for 8 to12 h. IR spectra were collected on the initially unaltered, the reduced, and the reduced-reoxidized samples. After reduction, changes were observed in the spectral regions of O-H stretching, O-H deformation, and Si- O stretching, indicating that the clay structure was significantly modified beyond merely a change in Fe oxidation state. Furthermore, a new component band in the O-H stretching region of the reduced samples exhibited a pleochroic effect, indicating the possible existence of trioctahedral domains. A large (up to 43 cm-1) downward shift of the main Si-O stretching band of the reduced samples was also observed. Such a large shift indicates that the change in Fe oxidation state in the octahedral sheet strongly affects the structural properties of the tetrahedral sheet, which might further affect physical and chemical properties of the mineral surface. The spectral differences across all three studied regions between unaltered and reoxidized samples after up to 240 min of reduction indicated that the redox process involving sodium dithionite is in some respects irreversible, even though virtually all structural Fe2+ can be reoxidized.
Consumption of baru nuts (Dipteryx alata) in the treatment of obese mice

Este estudo analisou os efeitos do consumo de amendoas de baru no peso corporal, percentagem de adiposidade, quantidade de tecido adiposo e parâmetros sanguineos em camundongos Swiss machos e obesos. Apos inducao da obesidade pelo consumo de dieta hiperglicidica (60 dias), os camundongos foram divididos em 4 grupos (7 animais por grupo) e, consumiram dieta controle (C), hipergicidica (HG) ou hiperglicidica com adicao de baru (HGBA) ou oleo de soja (HGOS). O grupo que ingeriu HGBA teve reducao no ganho de peso e niveis de glicose e triglicerides comparados ao tratamento com dieta HG. Os animais alimentados com HG exibiram uma maior proporcao de tecido adiposo epididimal e retroperitoneal. Conclui-se que a inclusao de amendoa de baru na dieta melhora o controle do ganho de peso e os niveis de glicose e triglicerides em camundongos obesos.
Using Five Machine Learning for Breast Cancer Biopsy Predictions Based on Mammographic Diagnosis

Breast cancer is one of the causes of female death in the world. Mammography is commonly used for distinguishing malignant tumors from benign ones. In this research, a mammographic diagnostic method is presented for breast cancer biopsy outcome predictions using five machine learning which includes: Logistic Regression(LR), Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA), Random Forest(RF) and Support Vector Machine(SVM) classification. The testing results showed that SVM learning classification performs better than other with accuracy of 95.8% in diagnosing both malignant and benign breast cancer, a sensitivity of 98.4% in diagnosing disease, a specificity of 94.4%. Furthermore, an estimated area of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for Support vector machine (SVM) was 99.9% for breast cancer outcome predictions, outperformed the diagnostic accuracies of Logistic Regression(LR), Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA), Random Forest(RF) methods. Therefore, Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning classification with mammography can provide highly accurate and consistent diagnoses in distinguishing malignant and benign cases for breast cancer predictions.
ECOLOGICAL STATE AND NEW APPROACHES TO THE RESTORATION OF LAKE UVILDY, RUSSIA

Lake Uvildy is situated in the North of Chelyabinsk region. Lake Uvildy is one of the largest and the most unique of South Ural’s lakes. In 1975–1977 the drought occurred and water supplies dried up in South Ural. 234 million cubic meters were moved from the Uvildy lake in Argazi reservoir, which was a source of water supply of the Chelyabinsk city. The lake’s water level fell by more than 4 meters. Only in 2008 the water level returned to the previous position, but riparian vegetation was flooded. In July 2014 we carried out an ecological survey of the lake in five sites. We discovered submerged tree and shrub vegetation at 50–70 meters from the bank. Chemical analysis of water revealed the accumulation of organic substances and the transition of nitrogen from nitrate to nitrite and ammonia, of sulfur from sulfate to sulfite and hydrogen sulphide, of carbon to methane. We found blue-green algae (Microcystis, Anabaena, Oscillatoria) in all the sites. It indicates the beginning of water eutrophication. We proposed a new method of ecological restoration of the lake. In August 2014 we cleaned the bottom of the lake in two research points with a special innovative bottom-cleaning machine working both as a pump and a crusher. The research in summer 2015 showed that the water quality had significantly improved and the process of eutrophication had stopped in the points where the bottom was cleaned. Works on the lake trophicity will be continued.
LARGE SAMPLE PROPERTIES OF SHAPE RESTRICTED REGRESSION ESTIMATORS WITH SMOOTHNESS ADJUSTMENTS

The isotonic regression problem with a smoothness penalty is considered. The shape-restricted smooth estimator was characterized as a solution to a set of recurrence relations by Tantiyaswasdikul and Woodroofe (1994). Using a related Green's function, the estimator can be represented as a kernel regression estima- tor. Under regularity conditions on the underlying regression function, asymptotic normality of the estimator is established for a large range of choices of the tuning parameter.
PARADOJAS SEMÁNTICAS Y LÓGICAS Semantic and Logical Paradoxes

Set theory, put forward by Cantor is considered mathematical, by 1890 construction support, so that the arithmetic becomes a special case of set theory, the enumerable sets. However, pursuant to its emerging paradoxes or contradictions that manifested in the superstructures of the logical and mathematical theory. The mathematical logic of this time reflects on this notion, analyzing and providing solutions that set guidelines for the consolidation of the logical semantics and the general logic.
Strange bedfellows? The diffusion of convergence in four news organizations

This study examines newsroom convergence—a combination of technologies, products, staffs and geography among the previously distinct provinces of print, television and online media—through the framework of diffusion of innovations theory. Convergence is becoming a global trend as media companies continue to expand their holdings beyond their original core products. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative data drawn from case studies of four US newsrooms, it is suggested that, despite culture clashes and other issues of compatibility, journalists see clear advantages in the new policy of convergence. Journalists perceive experience in a converged newsroom as a career booster, say they enjoy working with colleagues whose strengths differ from their own, and admit that convergence has led to respect for people in other parts of the news organization. At the same time, the diffusion of convergence within the newsroom may be hindered by cultural and technological differences in approaches to newsgathering and dissemination, as well as by a lack of training to alleviate concerns about the perceived complexities of new media formats.
USE OF POLYMERIC CATALYST IN SYNTHESIS OF SOL-GEL DERIVED CERAMIC MATERIALS

2,861,045 11/1958 Langer, Jr. . 502/159 3,791,808 2/1974 Thomas . 501/12 X 4,397,666 8/1983 Mishima ct al. . 65/18. ] X 4,495,297 1/1985 Puyané et al. . 501/12 4,514,329 4/1985 Wakabayashi et a1. 4,584,280 4/1986 Nanao et a1. 4,710,227 12/1987 Harley et a1. 4,715,986 12/1987 Griining et al. 4,732,879 3/1988 Kalinowski et a1. 4,789,389 12/1988 Schermerhom et al. . "502/171 x . 501/12 x FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
Comprehensive tool for calculation of radiative fluxes: illustration of shortwave aerosol radiative effect sensitivities to the details in aerosol and underlying surface characteristics

Abstract. The evaluation of aerosol radiative effect on broadband hemispherical solar flux is often performed using simplified spectral and directional scattering characteristics of atmospheric aerosol and underlying surface reflectance. In this study we present a rigorous yet fast computational tool that accurately accounts for detailed variability of both spectral and angular scattering properties of aerosol and surface reflectance in calculation of direct aerosol radiative effect. The tool is developed as part of the GRASP (Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) project. We use the tool to evaluate instantaneous and daily average radiative efficiencies (radiative effect per unit aerosol optical thickness) of several key atmospheric aerosol models over different surface types. We then examine the differences due to neglect of surface reflectance anisotropy, nonsphericity of aerosol particle shape and accounting only for aerosol angular scattering asymmetry instead of using full phase function. For example, it is shown that neglecting aerosol particle nonsphericity causes mainly overestimation of the aerosol cooling effect and that magnitude of this overestimate changes significantly as a function of solar zenith angle (SZA) if the asymmetry parameter is used instead of detailed phase function. It was also found that the nonspherical–spherical differences in the calculated aerosol radiative effect are not modified significantly if detailed BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) is used instead of Lambertian approximation of surface reflectance. Additionally, calculations show that usage of only angular scattering asymmetry, even for the case of spherical aerosols, modifies the dependence of instantaneous aerosol radiative effect on SZA. This effect can be canceled for daily average values, but only if sun reaches the zenith; otherwise a systematic bias remains. Since the daily average radiative effect is obtained by integration over a range of SZAs, the errors vary with latitude and season. In summary, the present analysis showed that use of simplified assumptions causes systematic biases, rather than random uncertainties, in calculation of both instantaneous and daily average aerosol radiative effect. Finally, we illustrate application of the rigorous aerosol radiative effect calculations performed as part of GRASP aerosol retrieval from real POLDER/PARASOL satellite observations.
Resource reservation in optical burst switching: architectures and realizations for reservation modules

This paper presents an architecture and a realization of a burst reservation module for optical burst switching using the just-enough-time (JET) reservation scheme. JET is a reserve-a-fixed-duration reservation algorithm, i.e., wavelength channels are allocated exactly for the burst transmission time. As the exact start and end times of all bursts have to be recorded and processed for JET burst reservation, several publications assumed its realization to be prohibitively complex. This paper proposes an architecture for a hardware-based reservation module for JET. This architecture has been described in VHDL and synthesized on an FPGA representative for today's programmable logic technology. The proposed solution is evaluated under dynamic traffic based on timing and resource utilization results taken from the FPGA realization. The results of the performance evaluation prove that with this reservation module JET can even be realized for burst durations in the microsecond range.
OPTIMIZATION OF RESONANT FREQUENCY OF RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR X-BAND APPLICATIONS

In this paper, application of Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the resonant frequency of rectangular microstrip antenna, fabricated on duroid 5880 substrate. The computed results are compared with the results obtained using Genetic Algorithm optimizer using MATLAB. The antenna can be used for various x-band applications such as microwave life detection.
Family Practice and Palliative Care

Introduction: Seasonal influenza had many epidemics and pandemics throughout history and caused millions of people getting sick with severer progress and even death in the risk group. Having the influenza vaccination is essential for healthcare staff to protect their health as well as other individuals of the society. The present study aimed to determine the approaches of all healthcare personnel and candidates in Rize Training and Research Hospital providing tertiary healthcare services and to analyze their causes for not having the vaccination. Methods: The present cross-sectional research was carried out in Rize (Turkey). A questionnaire applied to 898 volunteers among 2200 hospital staff. Results: It was detected that the median age of the participants is 25 years; 61.0% of the participants are female; 59.8% of them are single; 69.8% do not have any children and 38.0% have a graduate degree. The rate of having vaccination once within lifetime was detected as 41.6% and the highest rate was observed in the physician group whereas the lowest rate was observed in the nursing student group. The causes for avoiding to have the vaccination included the considerations about the ineffectiveness of the vaccination, having influenza and the delay of arrival of the vaccination to the hospital. However, the rate of having vaccination was determined as 2.6% within all healthcare staff for this year. The majority of the participants who had the vaccination consisted of the nurses who consider themselves within the risk group. Conclusions: A significant decrease was detected in the vaccination rates of the healthcare staff when compared with previous years. The awareness should be increased to increase the vaccination rates. For this purpose, training should be organized, and the sustainability of such training should be provided.
SiO line emission from C-type shock waves : interstellar jets and outflows

We study the production of SiO in the gas phase of molecular outflows, through the sputtering of Si-bearing material in refractory grain cores, which are taken to be olivine. We calculate also the rotational line spectrum of the SiO. The sputtering is driven by neutral particle impact on charged grains, in steady-state C-type shock waves, at the speed of ambipolar diffusion. The emission of the SiO molecule is calculated by means of an LVG code. A grid of models, with shock speeds in the range 20 25 km s -1 , given the adopted properties of olivine. More realistic assumptions concerning the initial fractional abundance of O 2 lead to SiO formation being delayed, so that it occurs in the cool, dense postshock flow. Good agreement is obtained with recent observations of SiO line intensities in the L1157 and L1448 molecular outflows. The inferred temperature, opacity, and SiO column density in the emission region differ significantly from those estimated by means of LVG "slab" models. The fractional abundance of SiO is deduced and found to be in the range 4 x 10 -8 ≤ n(SiO)/n H ≤ 3 × 10 -7 . Observed line profiles are wider than predicted and imply multiple, unresolved shock regions within the beam.
Dynamical analysis of blocking events: spatial and temporal fluctuations of covariant Lyapunov vectors

One of the most relevant weather regimes in the midlatitude atmosphere is the persistent deviation from the approximately zonally symmetric jet stream leading to the emergence of so‐called blocking patterns. Such configurations are usually connected to exceptional local stability properties of the flow which come along with an improved local forecast skills during the phenomenon. It is instead extremely hard to predict onset and decay of blockings. Covariant Lyapunov Vectors (CLVs) offer a suitable characterization of the linear stability of a chaotic flow, since they represent the full tangent linear dynamics by a covariant basis which explores linear perturbations at all time scales. Therefore, we assess whether CLVs feature a signature of the blockings. As a first step, we examine the CLVs for a quasi‐geostrophic beta‐plane two‐layer model in a periodic channel baroclinically driven by a meridional temperature gradient ΔT. An orographic forcing enhances the emergence of localized blocked regimes. We detect the blocking events of the channel flow with a Tibaldi‐Molteni scheme adapted to the periodic channel. When blocking occurs, the global growth rates of the fastest growing CLVs are significantly higher. Hence, against intuition, the circulation is globally more unstable in blocked phases. Such an increase in the finite time Lyapunov exponents with respect to the long term average is attributed to stronger barotropic and baroclinic conversion in the case of high temperature gradients, while for low values of ΔT, the effect is only due to stronger barotropic instability. In order to determine the localization of the CLVs we compare the meridionally averaged variance of the CLVs during blocked and unblocked phases. We find that on average the variance of the CLVs is clustered around the center of blocking. These results show that the blocked flow affects all time scales and processes described by the CLVs.
Effect of Urban Effluent on River Water Quality in the Niger Delta

Urban effluent polluted with sewage is a major source of pollution in developing countries, yet it is a line of study that is not properly explored. In this research, a river under influence from urban effluent was studied for four months, i.e. two seasons (dry season: February and March, wet season: April and May. Four sites along the river were identified for weekly sampling, with a distance from the start of the river as follows; site 1-100m, site 2-300m, site 3- 500m and site 4- 1000m. In situ measurements of salinity were collected weekly. Samples were analysed for Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, phosphate and nitrate. Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB), Total Coliform Bacteria (TCB) and Faecal Coliform Bacteria (FCB) were also measured in water samples collected. These parameters were selected to access the activities of the microbial community in the water because of wastewater from the surrounding urban settlement on the watershed temporally and spatially. Results showed that the parameters studied changed in season and along the river. The dry season had significantly higher concentrations of parameters studied when compared to the wet seasons. Results also confirmed that the study river is polluted due to the urban effluent. This confirmation was attributed to the values of THB, TCB and FCB which were substantially high and varied from dry to wet season in the river.
The complex response of Arctic aerosol to sea-ice retreat

Abstract. Loss of summertime Arctic sea ice will lead to a large increase in the emission of aerosols and precursor gases from the ocean surface. It has been suggested that these enhanced emissions will exert substantial aerosol radiative forcings, dominated by the indirect effect of aerosol on clouds. Here, we investigate the potential for these indirect forcings using a global aerosol microphysics model evaluated against aerosol observations from the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) campaign to examine the response of Arctic cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) to sea-ice retreat. In response to a complete loss of summer ice, we find that north of 70° N emission fluxes of sea salt, marine primary organic aerosol (OA) and dimethyl sulfide increase by a factor of ~ 10, ~ 4 and ~ 15 respectively. However, the CCN response is weak, with negative changes over the central Arctic Ocean. The weak response is due to the efficient scavenging of aerosol by extensive drizzling stratocumulus clouds. In the scavenging-dominated Arctic environment, the production of condensable vapour from oxidation of dimethyl sulfide grows particles to sizes where they can be scavenged. This loss is not sufficiently compensated by new particle formation, due to the suppression of nucleation by the large condensation sink resulting from sea-salt and primary OA emissions. Thus, our results suggest that increased aerosol emissions will not cause a climate feedback through changes in cloud microphysical and radiative properties.
Intelligent web inference model based facial micro emotion detection for media store playback using artificial feed forward neural network and facial coordinate matrix

The problem of facial emotion detection has been approached by various methods in several articles but suffers from the problem of poor accuracy in detecting the facial emotion. The psychological condition of any human can be obtained by facial emotions or facial reactions, which helps to solve various problems. To solve the issue of facial emotion detection, in this paper an intelligent fuzzification model is described which uses the artificial feed forward neural network and facial coordinate matrix. More than our previous methods, the proposed method considers the facial coordination matrix which stores the coordinate point of different facial components extracted at different facial emotions considered. The method extracts the facial features and computes various measures of facial features like eye size, lip sizes, nose size, and chin size. With the above-mentioned features, the method extracts the coordinate points of skin at different emotional situations. The extracted features are used to construct the neural network and the feed forward model computes various measures by each neuron and forwards them to the next layer. At each layer, the neuron computes multi-variant emotion support for each facial emotion and forwards them to the next layer. Finally, a single emotion is selected according to the computed measure based on fuzzy approach. Identified emotion is used to play songs and videos from the media store available on the server. The proposed fuzzification based method improves the performance of facial emotion detection in micro level with more accuracy.
Models of Volunteer Management: Professional Volunteer Program Management in Social Work

Several trends are leading to increased and broader involvement of volunteers in social work practice. As a consequence, social workers need to be able to manage volunteers in different settings, based on organizational/program factors and characteristics of the volunteers. Contemporary research on volunteer management can be divided into universalistic and contingency approaches. This article presents an overview of leading concepts in both perspectives and offers recommendations for social workers to select appropriate approaches to manage volunteers professionally across different contexts.