Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Thermophysics in Advanced Propulsion and Power Systems

Progress toward application of the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique to turbulent multiphase combustion processes typically encountered in advanced propulsion and power systems is presented. The objective is to provide a systematic analysis of current findings and assist in the development of technical performance metrics for model development and validation. Research is currently required to provide both improved multiphase combustion models and improved datasets for validation. Requirements for further model development must be established through detailed analyses of the space-time characteristics of small-scale flame structures and turbulence-chemistry interactions. Concurrently, a refined set of implementation requirements must be established for LES. Steps taken towards these goals are described in the context of a generalized formulation of the filtered conservation equations using an arbitrary filter function that operates on both spatial and temporal scales. Case studies are presented that demonstrate current findings in the treatment of complex thermophysical processes typically present in advanced systems followed by discussion to add perspective on future needs.
Short-term dynamics in microphytobenthos distribution and associated extracellular carbohydrates in surface sediments of an intertidal mudflat

Two field studies were conducted to study the in situ net production of extracellular carbohydrates and the distribution of benthic diatoms over a period of 24 h per study. A comparison was made between a situation where a clear surface biofilm of diatoms had developed and a situation where this was not the case, Vertical profiles were made by sampling the top 2 mm of the sediment at depth intervals of 0.2 mm using the 'cryolander' technique. In the presence of a biofilm, diatom distribution showed a consistent pattern when the sediment was emersed. In the light, most of the diatoms were present in the top 0.2 mm while in the dark, diatoms were homogeneously distributed in the upper 2 mm of the sediment. When a biofilm was absent, no clear patterns were observed. Extracellular carbohydrates were extracted from the sediment and separated in 2 operationally defined fractions (colloidal and EDTA- extractable). The 2 carbohydrate fractions showed a different dynamic behaviour. The colloidal carbohydrate fraction was highly variable while the EDTA-extractable fraction behaved more conservatively. Only in the light and in the presence of a diatom biofilm, was production of extracellular carbohydrates observed, The maximum rate of chlorophyll-normalized production of extracellular carbohydrates, expressed in glucose equivalents (g g(-1)), amounted to 20 h(-1) in the upper 0.2 mm. The molecular size distribution of both carbohydrate fractions was similar. The monosaccharide composition was also similar, except that the EDTA-extractable fraction contained a higher percentage of uronic acids, Carbohydrates produced during tidal emersion were rich in glucose and were rapidly turned over. [KEYWORDS: extracellular polymeric substances (EPS); polysaccharides; microphytobenthos; mud flat; monosaccharide composition; cryolander Polysaccharide hydrolysis rates; benthic microalgae; marine-sediments; epipelic diatoms; cohesive sediments; organic-carbon; chlorophyll-a; environments; assemblages; irradiance]
RARE EARTH ELEMENT PATTERNS RELATED TO BIOREMEDIATION PROCESSES IN A SITE INFLUENCED BY ACID MINE DRAINAGE

Tremendous values of up to 8 mg/L total REE (Rare Earth Elements) are observed in ground water affected by Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) in a former uranium mining area of Eastern Thuringia, Germany. The distribution of REE is applied to study processes in (bio)remediation of AMD. Normalization of REE concentrations in water to Post Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) shows strong enrichment of middle and heavy REE and for the case of the former leaching dump “Gessenhalde” also a characteristic positive Ce anomaly. For the case of AMD, REE patterns are representative for the seepage location and can be used to identify (former) waste rock dumps as a source of contamination. The cycling of heavy metals in the system soil – water – biota was investigated. On a former leaching dump planting experiments with and without the addition of microbes were performed. Sequential extraction reveals high bioavailability of heavy metals making the site interesting for studying bioremediation. Hydrochemical analyses of soil water and ground water revealed large heterogeneity in distribution of heavy metals. The remobilisation of earlier formed hardpans is the most probable reason for the observed contamination of ground water and seepage water.
A Super-Absorbent Polymer Combination Promotes Bacterial Aggressiveness Uncoupled from the Epiphytic Population

【Plant leaf surface is an important niche for diverse epiphytic microbes, including bacteria and fungi. Plant leaf surface plays a critical frontline defense against pathogen infections. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a starch-based super-absorbent polymer(SAP) combination, which enhances water potential and nutrient availability to plant leaves. We evaluated the effect of SAP on the maintenance of bacterial populations. In order to monitor bacterial populations in situ, a SAP mixture containing Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci that expressed recombinant green fluorescent protein(GFPuv) was spray-challenged onto whole leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. The SAP combination treatment enhanced bacterial robustness, as indicated by disease severity and incidence. Unexpectedly, bacterial numbers were not significantly different between leaves treated with the SAP combination and those treated with water alone. Furthermore, young leaves treated with the SAP combination had more severe symptoms and a greater number of bacterial spots caused by primary and secondary infections compared to young leaves treated with the water control. In contrast, bacterial cell numbers did not statistically differ between the two groups, which indicated that measurement of viable GFP-based bacterial spots may provide a more sensitive methodology for assessing virulence of bacterial pathogens than methods that require dilution plating following maceration of bacterial-inoculated leaf tissue. Our study suggests that the SAP combination successfully increased bacterial aggressiveness, which could either be used to promote the ability of biological agents to control weedy plants or increase the robustness of saprophytic epiphytes against competition from potentially harmful microbes. 】
Two Web Applications for Exploring Melodic Patterns in Jazz Solos

This paper presents two novel user interfaces for investigating the pattern content in monophonic jazz solos and exempliﬁes how these interfaces could be used for research on jazz improvisation. In jazz improvisation, patterns are of particular interest for the analysis of improvisation styles, the oral transmission of musical language, the practice of improvisation, and the psychology of creative processes. The ongoing project “Dig That Lick” is devoted to addressing these questions with the help of a large database of jazz solo transcriptions generated by automated melody extraction algorithms. To expose these transcriptions to jazz researchers, two prototypes of user interfaces were designed that work currently with the 456 manually transcribed jazz solos of the Weimar Jazz Database. The ﬁrst one is a Shiny application that allows exploring a set of 653 of the most common patterns by eminent players. The second one is a web interface for a general two-staged pattern search in the Weimar Jazz Database featuring regular expressions. These applications aim on the one hand at an expert audience of jazz researchers to facilitate generating and testing hypotheses about patterns in jazz improvisation, and on the other hand at a wider audience of jazz teachers, students, and fans.
Magnitude and fate of the production of four co-occurring Western Mediterranean seagrass species

We examined the seasonality and magnitude of the leaf-blade, rhizome and root biomass and production, along with the fate of leaf-blade production, of the 4 Mediterranean seagrass species Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera noltii and Zostera marina in a protected northern Spanish bay (Cala Jonquet, 42 degrees 18.26' N, 3 degrees 18.11' E) to estimate (1) the annual production consumed by herbivores or decomposed by detritivores and (2) the production in excess of consumption and first-year decomposition, which should be an upper limit of long-term burial of refractory detritus. The leaf, rhizome and root biomass of the 4 species displayed a clear seasonal pattern (which is in agreement with past studies), except for that of Z. noltii, which suggested a rapid loss of its production either to herbivores or as detritus. Z. marina and P. oceanica were the most productive species, and transferred to consumers (herbivores and detritivores) about twice the production transferred by C. nodosa and Z. noltii. Most of the production of the 4 species was decomposed by detritivores, which supports the importance of the detritivore food-web in the use and recycling of seagrass production. Consumption of seagrass leaf production by herbivores appeared to be higher for C. nodosa and Z. noltii, the species with the greatest leaf turnover rates, than for Z. marina and P. oceanica. Total heterotrophic use oi seagrass production (consumption by herbivores and decomposition by detritivores) accounted for more than 80% of seagrass production in the 4 species. Yet, the excess of production not consumed nor decomposed during the first year ranged over 1 order of magnitude from the most (Z. marina and P. oceanica) to the least productive species (C. nodosa and Z. noltii) and represented a larger percentage of the production of the former species (9.2 and 16.8% respectively) compared with the latter species (about 1.5%). That suggests that Z. marina and P. oceanica may accumulate larger pools of refractory detritus and that their production is recycled more slowly than that of C. nodosa and Z. noltii. These results show marked differences in the fate of production among the 4 Western Mediterranean seagrass species growing in Cala Jonquet and suggest that differences in the leaf turnover rate could contribute to the explanation of differences in the fate of seagrass production, the species with faster-growing leaves losing a higher percentage of production to herbivores and recycling most of the residual detrital production, therefore storing relatively small pools of refractory detritus. [KEYWORDS: Mediterranean seagrasses; fate of production; herbivory; decomposition; production excess Zostera-marina l; oceanica l delile; nodosa ucria ascherson; posidonia-oceanica; cymodocea-nodosa; growth dynamics; intertidal seagrass; noltii hornem; lepidochronological analysis; population-dynamics]
Gr upSM Point-of-Care Ultrasonography for Acute Heart Failure

INTRODUCTION Heart failure is a major public health problem worldwide. It is estimated that in Europe, there are currently 0.6 cases per 1000 for those aged below 65 years and 28 per 1000 in those aged above 65, which adds to around 20.8 million people affected by this condition [1]. In the USA, it is estimated a prevalence of over 5.8 million [2], and an additional 1.5 million new cases are diagnosed every year [3,4]. It is the only major cardiovascular disease whose prevalence and incidence are thought to be increasing, due to ageing of the population and improved survival rates following myocardial infarction [4]. Heart failure results in poor life expectancy, impaired quality of life, and consequently, it is a considerable economic burden to society [5]. Furthermore, it is associated with more extensive diagnostic workup and therapeutic efforts, increased healthcare costs, and higher rates of readmission and death [6]. Delay in diagnosis is associated with increased mortality; higher treatment costs and longer length of hospital stay [7]. It is currently the first cause of hospitalization in the elderly and the leading cause of health expenditure in the USA and in Europe [6]. Letícia Braga Ferreira1, Leonardo Carvalho da Paixão2, Guilherme Ferraz Messina de Pádua Andrade3, Fernanda Cotrim Stefanelli4 and Milena Soriano Marcolino*4 1Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil 2 Emergency Department, Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens, Brazil 3Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil 4Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil *Corresponding author: Milena Soriano Marcolino, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena 190 room 246, Belo Horizonte, CEP 30130-100, Brazil, Tel: 55-3188130688; Email: milenamarc@ gmail.com
1895 STATE INVESTMENT TAX INCENTIVES : A ZERO-SUM GAME ?

Though the U.S. federal investment tax credit (ITC) was permanently repealed in 1986, statelevel ITCs have proliferated over the last few decades. Are these tax incentives effective in increasing investment within the state? How much of this increase is due to investment drawn away from other states? Based on a panel dataset for all 50 states, we find a significant channel for state tax incentives on own-state economic activity and document the importance of interstate capital flows. Whether state investment incentives are a zero-sum game is less certain and depends on the definition of the set of competitive states. JEL Code: H71, H77, H25, H32.
Alternative Approach for Drought Tolerance ; Seed Priming and Physiology

Biotic and abiotic stress factors may cause yield loss in plants and affect human and animal nutrition. Amount of lacking yield due to biotic and abiotic stress factors ranged between 65 and 87% [1][2][3]. So many studies were conducted finding a new method to use limited water resources effectively especially crops cultivating areas that exposed to drought. Seed priming which is one of those studies is a controlled hydration process. Seed priming triggers progressing of metabolic activities (physically and chemically) while radicle protrusion is avoided. Researchers report that priming increase seedling emergence uniformity rate, trigger growing especially under stress conditions and have different effects under different stress conditions [4]. Seed priming treatments provides increase of some free radical scavenging enzymes like SOD(superoxide dismutase), CAT(catalase) and POX(peroxidase) and trigger synthesis of proline that is an osmoprotectant also provide vigorous seedling formation [5][6][7]. Increasing of those kind of enzymes provides degradation of free radicals like singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide which cause degradation of membrane lipids, proteins, enzymes, pigments and nucleic acids [8]. It’ s thought that evaluating of alternative approaches like seed priming in terms of physiology will provide benefits to farmers that cultivate at drought areas.
2 Mapping Constitutionally Safeguarded Judicial Independence — A Global Survey 1

De jure judicial independence (JI) is the single most important predictor of de facto JI. In this paper, we describe under what conditions countries are likely to include JI in their constitutions. We describe and analyze both their original choice in this regard as well as change over time using a newly constructed dataset comprised of 100 countries and covering the years between 1950 and 2005. Three results stand out. First, legal origins do have an impact on the likelihood of explicitly anchoring JI in the constitution: countries belonging to the common law tradition are less likely to implement JI in their constitutions (and those with a socialist tradition are more likely to do so). Correspondingly, former British colonies are less likely to address JI explicitly as are states in the Caribbean. Second, religion has a significant impact on whether JI is included in the constitution: societies experiencing a high level of religious fractionalization are not only less likely to anchor JI in their constitutions, but are also less likely to change their constitutions in that direction later on. Finally, Muslim countries are more likely to include mention of JI, whereas Protestant countries are less likely to do so. Third, the distribution of resources within societies has important—and largely unexpected—effects: a higher percentage of family farms, a wider distribution of education, and a higher percentage of urban dwellers are all connected with a lower likelihood of JI being mentioned in the constitution. Key Terms: Judicial Independence, Constitutional Choice, Constitutional Change. JEL classification: K10, N40. * Philipps University Marburg, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration (FB 02), Universitätsstr. 24, D-35032 Marburg, Germany, Phone: +49-6421-2823091, Fax: +49-6421-2823088, Email: hayo@wiwi.uni-marburg.de. **Institute of Law & Economics, University of Hamburg, Rothenbaumchaussee 36, 20148 Hamburg, Phone: +49-40-42838 5782, Fax: +494042838 6794, Email: voigt@wiwi.uni-marburg.de. The results presented in this paper are the outcome of a substantial effort in coding constitutions. An encompassing project was originally started by Elkins et al. (2009). Regarding the coding of the variables presented here, most of the coding was done by a team of research assistants: Marc Berendsen, Dante Castillo, Nora El Bialy, Nora Heil, Jens Merte, and Max Thesing. The team was coordinated by Jerg Gutmann who also estimated the bivariate correlations. Their help is gratefully acknowledged. The paper was presented at a workshop on Constitutional Design at the Law School of the University of Chicago. Many participants helped to improve the paper, in particular Lee Epstein, Tom Ginsburg, David Law and
KOBİLERDE İÇ GİRİŞİMCİLİĞİN İNCELENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: AKSARAY ÖRNEĞİ

Bu calisma, “KOBI’lerde, calisanlarin ic girisimcilik duzeylerinin tespiti” amaciyla tasarlanmistir. Orgut ici girisimcilik; yenilik, farklilasma, proaktif davranis ve orgutsel yenilenme boyutlarindan olusmaktadir. Bu boyutlar; Aksaray Organize Sanayinde faaliyet gosteren KOBI’lerde, calisanlarin ic girisimcilik duzeylerini tespit etmek amaciyla sektorler arasinda farkliliklarin olup olmadigina da bakilarak arastirilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda ise arastirmaya katilanlarin ic girisimcilik duzeylerinin yuksek oldugu ortaya cikmistir. Ayrica analiz sonucunda tekstil ve otomotiv sektorunun diger sektorlere gore ic girisimciliklerinin daha yuksek seviyede oldugu tespit edilmistir
Semi-Automatic Story Generation for a Geographic Server

Most existing servers providing geographic data tend to offer various numeric data. We started to work on a new type of geographic server, motivated by four major issues: (i) How to handle figures when different databases present different values; (ii) How to build up sizeable collections of pictures with detailed descriptions; (iii) How to update rapidly changing information, such as personnel holding important functions, and (iv) how to describe countries not just by using trivial facts, but stories typical of the country involved. We have discussed and partially resolved issues (i) and (ii) in previous papers; we have decided to deal with (iii), regional updates, by tying in an international consortium whose members would either help themselves or find individuals to do so. It is issue (iv), how to generate non-trivial stories typical of a country, that we decided to tackle both manually (the consortium has by now generated around 200 stories), and by developing techniques for semi-automatic story generation, which is the topic of this paper. The basic idea was first to define sets of reasonably reliable servers that may differ from region to region, to extract “interesting facts” from the servers, and combine them in a raw version of a report that would require some manual cleaning-up (hence: semi-automatic). It may sound difficult to extract “interesting facts” from Web pages, but it is quite possible to define heuristics to do so, never exceeding the few lines allowed for quotation purposes. One very simple rule we adopted was this: ‘Look for sentences with superlatives! ’ If a sentence contains words like “biggest”, “highest”, “most impressive” etc. it is likely to contain an interesting fact. With a little imagination, we have been able to establish a set of such rules. We will show that the stories can be completely different. For some countries, historical facts may dominate; for others, the beauty of landscapes; for others, cultural or economic achievements, and for yet others, unusual facts concerning Nobel Prize winners, food, entertainment, sports, other activities, national symbols, special laws, and so on. The results can be checked on by clicking on any country in the category “Special Information” under “Surprising Facts”. All examples shown in this paper were chosen fairly arbitrarily from over 190 examples, to show that the system is indeed working. There are two points to mention here: (a) it is a work in progress, yet has reached a very useable size; (b) the basic ideas can be applied to any area. The choice of geography was due to the wealth of data and interest in this area, but if our algorithms overlook some important facts, this is less critical than applied to types of medical treatment, etc.
QSCK: Quick Search using Searchable Chipertext Keywords for Cloud Storage

At present scenario, data owners are storing their data in semi trusted cloud storage. Since the cloud storage is not fully trusted the data should be encrypted and stored in cloud. If the stored data volume is huge, for retrieval there should be a search engine and index keyword. If hackers are getting the index keyword they have the clue of the important files so that, in this system we are introducing searchable chipertext keywords. That means the keywords are in encrypted form. Consider access control over the cloud data, the technic at present used are Attribute Based Encryption (ABE) or Identity Based Encryption (IBE) these techniques requires lot of computation and slow in retrieval process. In proposed system we are using Bloom Filter based Chipertext index keywords which provide the search result very quickly with less computation and process.
Interleaving Hierarchical Task Planning and Motion Constraint Testing for Dual-Arm Manipulation

In recent years the topic of combining motion and symbolic planning to perform complex tasks in the field of robotics has received a lot of attention. The underlying idea is to have access at once to the reasoning capabilities of a task planner and to the ability of the motion planner to verify that the plan is feasible from a physical and geometrical point of view. The present work describes a framework to perform manipulation tasks that require the use of two robotic manipulators. To do so we employ a Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) planner interleaved with geometric constraint verification. In this framework we also consider observation actions and handle noisy perceptions from a probabilistic perspective. These ideas are put into practice by means of an experimental set-up in which two Barrett WAM robots have to cooperatively solve a geometric puzzle. Our findings provide further evidence that considering explicitly physical constraints during task planning, rather than deferring their validation to the moment of execution, is advantageous in terms of execution time and breadth of situations that can be handled.