Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) ’ s Pattern of Multinational Enterprises in context of Global Reporting Initiative-GRI-G 4 : Evidence from Pakistan *

The study aims to explore the CSR's structure over some time (2016-2019) and draw a distinct pattern about the MNEs operating in Pakistan. Content analysis was used to extract the contextual meaning from the available data to set up the foundation for further research questions and draw a basic CSR prototype through an inductive method to develop a theory. CSR's structure is scattered and irregular in Pakistan. The exact pattern and involvement in specific dimensions are not defined, and the tendency is not identical even in the same industry. All enterprises operating in Pakistan need to exercise the updated corporate governance styles, practice both local and international CSR standards to achieve maximum corporate benefits. CSR concept is a 'time & space' sensitive phenomenon and receptive to domestic culture and institution, especially in developing countries. This research study has tried to sketch a fundamental and general but exact pattern of CSR activities observed within MNEs working in Pakistan.
A1 milk and beta-casomorphin-7

Milk is composed of water, proteins, lipids, lactose, vitamins, and minerals. More than 80% of most mammals’ milk proteins are constituted by caseins. Casein is a group of proteins and they are sub-divided into αs1-, αs2-, β- and β -casein families. Among these casein families, -casein is the second most abundant protein. Different mutations in the cow milk β -casein gene led to 12 genetic variants and most common of these are genetic variants A1 and A2. The A1 and A2 variants differ only at amino acid position 67, which is histidine in A1 or proline in A2 milk. This difference in amino acid sequence suggests a conformational change in the secondary structure of the expressed β-casein. Milk that contains A1 β-casein and A2 β-casein are known as A1 milk and A2 milk, respectively. A1 β-casein milk releases an amino acid bioactive peptide called beta-casomorphin-7 ( β CM-7) in small intestine. Beta-casomorphin-7 released from A1 β-casein is responsible for many human disorders like type-1 diabetes, autism, schizophrenia, alzheimer’s disease (AD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and heart diseases.
Comparing Optical Turbulence Using a Pair of Sonic Anemometers

Turbulence is regarded as one of the most deleterious effects on imaging systems. The CSIR have an optical test facility, used to test image quality of surveillance systems, however, the temporal distribution of the near field turbulence is unknown. Here, we deploy a pair of ultrasonic anemometers in the vicinity of the optical field test facility and we measure the wind speed of the airflow. We explain how to extract all the parameters from the real-world data and we calculate turbulence. Lastly, we will present results and indicate the limitations that atmospheric turbulence may contribute towards degrading the quality of images from imaging systems. Keywords— Atmospheric turbulence, optical surveillance systems, sonic anemometer.
Caffeine and Epilepsy: A systematic review and quantitative analysis

Purpose: Caffeine is the most commonly used CNS stimulant. The relationship between caffeine, seizures, epilepsy and anti-epileptic drugs is complex and not fully understood. Case reports suggest that caffeine triggers seizures in susceptible people. Our systematic review reports on the relationship between caffeine, seizures and drugs in animal and human studies. Quantitative analyses were also done on animal studies regarding the effects of caffeine on anti-epileptic drugs. Methods: PubMed was searched for studies assessing the effects of caffeine on epilepsy, seizure susceptibility and drug interactions in people and in animal models. To quantify the interaction between anti-epileptic drugs and caffeine the data of six animal studies were pooled and analyzed using a general linear model univariate analysis or One-way Analysis of Variance. Results: In total, 442 items were identified from which we included 105 studies. Caffeine can increase seizure susceptibility and protect from seizures, depending on the dose, administration type (chronic or acute) and the developmental stage at which caffeine exposure started. In animal studies, caffeine decreased the anti-epileptic
Endoscopic resection using an over-the-scope clip for duodenal neuroendocrine tumors

Abstract Background and study aims Endoscopic resection of duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (DNETs) remains controversial, and its indications are still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate short-term outcomes of a newly developed endoscopic muscularis resection (EMR) method that utilizes an over-the-scope clip (OTSC), termed EMRO, for treating DNETs. Patients and methods In total, 13 consecutive patients with 14 small (≤ 10 mm) DNETs who underwent EMRO from September 2017 to March 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. EMRO was performed by a single experienced endoscopist. Patients’ characteristics and treatment outcomes were assessed. Results The En bloc and R0 resection rates were 100 % (14/14) and 92.9 % (13/14), respectively. The median pathological resected specimen size was 10 mm, with a median pathological resected tumor size of 6 mm. During the EMRO procedure, there was no occurrence of misplacement of the OTSC to the target lesion. With respect to the pathological resection depth, nine cases (64.3 %) and five cases (35.7 %) were categorized as deep submucosal resection and muscularis resection, respectively, whereas no case was categorized as full-thickness resection. There were no intraoperative or delayed perforations. However, delayed bleeding occurred in two cases. At a median follow-up of 12 months (range 7–36) after EMRO, there was no incidence of local recurrence. At the first follow-up endoscopy performed at 6 months after EMRO, the OTSC was retained in place in two of 14 DNETs (14.3 %). Conclusions EMRO can be performed safely, by an experienced endoscopist, for small (≤ 10 mm) DNETs.
Brentuximab vedotin maintenance after autologous stem cell transplantation for refractory gray zone lymphoma with long-term remission

Gray zone lymphoma (GZL) is a rare type of B-cell lymphoma characterized by features of both diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). The prognosis of GZL is poorer than that of cHL and mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. However, an optimal treatment strategy for relapsed/refractory (R/R) GZL has not been established in the clinical setting. The current study reported an excellent clinical response in a patient with R/R CD30-positive GZL who received brentuximab vedotin (BV) maintenance after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Although the patient was resistant to prior treatments, BV maintenance after ASCT achieved long-term remission. Hence, BV was determined to be a safe and effective therapeutic option for CD30-positive R/R GZL.
An Atypical Presentation of Polyarteritis Nodosa: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare multisystem vasculopathy that predominantly affects medium-sized arteries. Involvement of the cardiac and/or pulmonary vasculature may be fatal. We describe a 67-year-old Japanese male who presented with multiple coronary artery aneurysms and subsequently developed lower extremity gangrene. A diagnosis of PAN was established based on the correlation of clinical presentation and laboratory and imaging findings. In addition, we review other manifestations of PAN and differential considerations for this rare but potentially lethal condition.
Prevalence of coliform bacterial contamination in cat drinking water in households in Thailand

Background and Aim: Bacterial contamination of drinking water is a leading cause of gastrointestinal infections. Cats may be at risk of water contamination from feces due to poor sanitation and hygiene. The objectives of the present study were to (1) evaluate the prevalence of coliform bacteria in cat drinking water and (2) identify possible risk factors leading to contamination. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five drinking water samples were collected from water containers used by cats (median age [range]: 5 years [8 months-15 years]) at their home. Using a sterile syringe, 50 mL water was collected directly from water containers. The water samples were stored in coliform enhancement media for 24 h and then submitted for bacterial culture. Results: The prevalence of fecal coliform contamination of cat drinking water was 67.27% (37/55; 95% confidence interval: 53.29-79.32%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of coliform bacterial contamination of drinking water by age or gender of the cat or by water container type. However, bacterial contamination differed significantly between shorthaired cats and longhaired cats when comparing Escherichia coli (9/44 [20.45%] vs. 8/11 [72.72%], p<0.001) and Enterobacter spp. (16/44 [36.36%] vs. 9/11 [81.82%], p=0.007). For water that had been in a container longer than 12 h, there were significantly more contaminated tap water samples (16/19 [84.21%]) than contaminated processed water samples (9/17 [52.94%], p=0.047). Conclusion: Coliform contamination in cat drinking water is common and occurs more often in households with longhaired cats. Drinking water for cats should be changed every 12 h, especially for households using tap water.
Relationship between muscular fitness and bone health in young baseball players

The physical actions developed by baseball players can increase muscular fitness, and consequently improve bone health. The objective was to relate some indicators of muscular fitness to bone health in young baseball players. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 102 children and adolescent baseball players of the Brazilian National Team. The age range ranged from 9.0 to 15.0 years, the average chronological age was 12.2±2.2 years and the maturity status was 14.8±0.5 APHV (age at peak height velocity). Anthropometry, body composition [% fat, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM)], physical tests [horizontal jump (HJ) and medicine ball throw (MBT)] bone health was estimated by anthropometry [bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC)]. There was positive and significant correlation between bone health with FFM (r2= 89%) and with muscle strength tests (HJ and MBT) (R2= 55 to 75%). Young baseball players classified with low bone health level, reflected decreased values of FFM, HJ and MBT, in relation to young players classified with moderate and high bone health level (p<0.05). It was shown that good bone health is a consequence of a greater presence of muscular fitness, as a result of increased physical activity. These results suggest that emphasis should be placed on those young people who present a greater risk of having low BMD and BMC.
N-terminally endogenous mKate2-tagged HIM-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans

The gene him-4 encodes the C. elegans homolog of hemicentin, an evolutionarily conserved extracellular matrix protein. Despite being an extracellular matrix protein, mutations in him-4 result in pleiotropic defects during development and demonstrate tissue fragility. While previous studies in C. elegans have confirmed the localization of either transgenic HIM-4::GFP or endogenous C-terminally tagged HIM-4::mNeonGreen, only green or green/yellow fluorescent protein-tagged HIM-4 are available to the C. elegans community. Here, I used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to insert the far-red fluorescence protein mKate2 at the him-4 genomic locus, and established worms expressing mKate2::HIM-4. As expected, localization of mkate2::HIM-4 at the rachis was observed at the L4 stage. In contrast to the localization of type IV collagen or nidogen such as major components of the basement membrane, mkate2::HIM-4 was polarized at the anterior part of the pharyngeal basement membrane. A unique polarized localization pattern of pharyngeal basement membrane is maintained throughout the L1–L4 stages.
Endoscopic Features of Postoperative Anastomotic Lesions in Patients with Crohn's Disease Compared with Right-side Colon Cancer: Are Anastomotic Linear Superficial Ulcers Recurrent in Crohn's Disease?

Objectives: Many patients have endoscopic evidence of recurrent Crohn's disease (CD) 1 year after intestinal resection, and endoscopic lesions predict future clinical recurrence. The aim of this study was to describe some anastomotic lesions including changes in endoscopic features in CD patients and to discuss recurrence. We also compared anastomotic lesions in CD patients and in right-side colon cancer (rt-CC) patients. Methods: We enrolled patients with CD and rt-CC who underwent surgical resection between 2008 and 2014. Eleven CD patients underwent postoperative endoscopy at least twice, with the first time being from 6 months to 1 year after surgery and the second time being from 2 to 3 years after surgery. Eighty-six patients with rt-CC underwent postoperative endoscopy after approximately one year. Results: A total of 90.9% of CD patients had postoperative lesions around the anastomosis at the first postoperative ileocolonoscopy, which was markedly higher than that in rt-CC patients (3.5%, p<0.001). Many of these lesions in CD required enhanced treatment. However, linear superficial ulcers at the anastomotic line at the first ileocolonoscopy did not worsen with the same treatment (18.1%). Conclusions: Postoperative anastomotic lesions were detected at a higher rate in CD cases than that in rt-CC cases. Many anastomotic lesions were recognized as recurrent disease and required enhanced treatment, whereas linear superficial ulcers did not require treatment changes. Therefore, linear superficial ulcers might not be recurrent disease. As this issue is related to recurrence, it should be further explored with the accumulation of more cases in a multicenter analysis.
Contribution of Imaging to Organs at Risk Dose during Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

Background: The use of imaging is indispensable in modern radiation therapy, both for simulation and treatment delivery. For safe and sure utilization, dose delivery from imaging must be evaluated. Objective: This study aims to investigate the dose to organ at risk (OAR) delivered by imaging during lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and to evaluate its contribution to the treatment total dose. Material and Methods: In this retrospectively study, imaging total dose to organs at risk (OARs) (spinal cord, esophagus, lungs, and heart) and effective dose were retrospectively evaluated from 100 consecutive patients of a single institution who had lung SBRT. For each patient, dose was estimated using Monte-Carlo convolution for helical computed tomography (helical CT), Four-Dimensional CT (4D-CT), and kilovoltage Cone-Beam CT (kV-CBCT). Helical CT and kV-CBCT dose were evaluated for the entire thorax acquisition, while 4D-CT dose was analyzed on upper lobe (UL) or lower lobe (LL) acquisition. Treatment dose was extracted from treatment planning system and compared to imaging total dose. Results: Imaging total dose maximum values were 117 mGy to the spinal cord, 127 mGy to the esophagus, 176 mGy to the lungs and 193 mGy to the heart. The maximum effective dose was 19.65 mSv for helical CT, 10.62 mSv for kV-CBCT, 25.95 mSv and 38.45 mSv for 4D-CT in UL and LL regions, respectively. Depending on OAR, treatment total dose was higher from 1.7 to 8.2 times than imaging total dose. Imaging total dose contributed only to 0.3% of treatment total dose. Conclusion: Imaging dose delivered with 4D-CT to the OARs is higher than those of others modalities. The heart received the highest imaging dose for both UL and LL. Total imaging dose is negligible since it contributed only to 0.3% of treatment total dose.
Electromagnetic absorption and shield properties of lossy composite multilayers

The fundamental absorption properties of lossy composite multilayers in the range from high-frequency waves to microwaves are discussed. Measurements of the reflection and transmission factors of multilayer disk absorbers at 11.6 GHz were made. The disk absorbers were made of vinyl chloride and carbon or aluminum or copper. The radius and thickness were 65.0 mm and 10.8 mm, respectively. The reflection factor and transmission factor were -17 dB and -26 dB for an incidence angle of 10 degrees . In order to determine the relationship between the electromagnetic absorption and the distribution of constants, calculations are made using the characteristic matrix method. It is shown that the increase of permittivity and conductivity with the direction of stratification improves the absorption characteristics. Distributions of electric and magnetic fields in the multilayer are evaluated. <<ETX>>
Deaths from cardiovascular disease involving anticoagulants: a systematic synthesis of coroners’ case reports

Background: The global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is forecast to increase, and anticoagulants will remain important medicines for its management. Coroners' Prevention of Future Death reports (PFDs) provide valuable insights that may enable safer and more effective use of these agents. Objective: To identify CVD-related PFD reports highlighting the use or lack of anticoagulants as having caused or contributed to deaths. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of coronial case reports in England and Wales between 2013 and 2019. We screened 3037 PFDs for inclusion and used content analysis to assess concerns raised by coroners and who responded to them. Results: We identified 113 CVD-related PFDs (113 deaths) involving anticoagulants. Warfarin (36%), enoxaparin (11%), and rivaroxaban (11%) were the most common anticoagulants reported. In 14 cases, the coroner mentioned that the administration of an anticoagulant may have prevented the death. Concerns most frequently raised by coroners included poor systems (31%), poor communication (25%), and failures to keep accurate medical records (25%). These concerns were most often directed to NHS trusts (29%), hospitals (10%), and general practices (8%), but had national importance. Nearly two-thirds (60%) of PFDs had not received responses from such organisations, which are mandatory under regulation 28 of the Coroners' (Investigations) Regulations 2013. Conclusions: We created a tool (https://preventabledeathstracker.net/) that bring together coroner reports to identify important lessons related to preventable deaths. Here we examined instances of premature deaths from CVD involving anticoagulants. National organisations, healthcare professionals, and prescribers should take actions to address these concerns, to improve the use of anticoagulants in patients with CVD.
Pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 potential natural immunity among population of the Democratic Republic of Congo

More than a year after the emergence of COVID-19, significant regional differences in terms of morbidity persist, showing lower incidence rates in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. Like SARS-CoV-1 and MERS viruses, SARS-CoV-2 is monophyletically positioned with parental species of chiropteran coronavirus. Furthermore, we observe that the spatial distribution of several targeted bat species (i.e., Coronavirus species hosts) overlaps the distribution of countries with low COVID-19 incidence. The work presented here aims to test the presence of natural immunity among population with a low COVD-19 prevalence, potentially due to a previous exposure to coronavirus antigens of a virus close related to SARS-CoV-2. To identify such pre-existing immunity, an ELISA serological test was used to detect IgG antibodies targeting main SARS-CoV-2 proteins including: the N-protein, the Spike 1 (S1) protein, the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S1 protein, the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the S1 protein, and the S2 protein. A total of 574 sera samples collected before 2019 in the population of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) were tested). 189 control sera from blood donors in France were used as control samples. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the DRC samples and control samples for all antigens (N, S1, S2, NTD) except for RBD. The percentage of positive samples presenting reactive antibodies for S1 antigen was respectively of 19.2% for RDC versus 2.11% for the control, and of 9.3% versus 1.6% for the S2 antigen. In conclusion, our data showed that the study population has been potentially exposed to a SARS-CoV-2-like virus antigen before the pandemic in the Central African sub-region. Therefore, it is quite legitimate to think that this prior immunity may be protective and responsible for the observed low prevalence of COVID-19. Moreover, we can assume that this not yet identified SARS-CoV-2-like could be associated to a chiropteran species in close contact with the studied population. In order to confirm the presence of SARS-CoV-2-like virus antibodies and ultimately identify the neutralizing potential for the detected antibodies, our study is underway in other African and Asian countries, where the COVID-19 prevalence is limited.
A Novel Nomogram for Individually Predicting of Vascular Invasion in Gastric Cancer

Purpose: Vascular invasion (VI) is associated with recurrence and is an indicator of poor prognosis in gastric cancer (GC). Pre-operative identification of VI may guide the selection of the optimal surgical approach and assess the requirement for neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: A total of 271 patients were retrospectively collected and randomly allocated into the training and validation datasets. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to select potentially relevant features, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop the nomogram. Results: The nomogram consisted of pre-operative serum complement C3 levels, duration of symptoms, pre-operative computed tomography stage, abdominal distension and undifferentiated carcinoma. The nomogram provided good calibration for both the training and the validation set, with area under the curve values of 0.792 and 0.774. Decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram was clinically useful. Conclusion: The present study constructed a nomogram for the pre-operative prediction of VI in patients with GC. The nomogram may aid the identification of high-risk patients and aid the optimization of pre-operative decision-making.
Impact of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 codon 17 variant and expression on vitiligo risk

Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) is one of the essential brakes expressed on T cells that prevent T‐cell hyperactivation‐associated autoimmune disorders. Several CTLA4 polymorphisms were implicated in the regulation of gene expression. We aimed to explore the association of CTLA4 expression and rs231775 (c.49A>G) variant with vitiligo risk and severity of the disease in a sample of the Middle Eastern population.