Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Member Viewpoints about Effective Socio- Economic Factors on the Range Management Cooperatives Success (Golestan Province)

Renewable natural resources are the wealth that not only belongs to the current generation but also to future generations. Diversity in rangeland user viewpoints and policy makers has caused these lands to face some damages. This study was conducted to compare viewpoints of ordinary members as rangeland users, and board of directors as executives of management plans. Statistical population of the study involved ordinary members and board of directorsof 28 range management cooperatives in Golestan province. According to the Krejsi- Morgan Table, 308 and 78 individuals were randomly selected for ordinary members and board of directorsas sample size, respectively. Main material of this study is based on utilizing question naires that their validity and reliability were checked based on a guide study. To analyze data, qualitative methods, descriptive statistics and T-test were used. The results showed that there was a significant disagreement between ordinary members and board of directors about effective social-economic factors on range management cooperatives success. Based on the results, providing loans to the cooperative members with low interest and long term payback and betters cheming for more attraction of members participation in decision- making and cooperatives plansare recommended.
Determinants of Health Related Quality of Life of dialysis patients in Uruguay

There are limited studies reporting on the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) of patients with end stage renal disease living in non-industrialized countries. This study describes the underlying relationships among determinants of HRQL in patients under renal replacement treatment. A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 243 patients attending five hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis centers of Montevideo (mean age 56.6 years, SD 16.2; 58% males). A univariate linear regression analysis was performed for each independent variable. A total of 61 independent variables were included: biological/ clinical, sociodemographic, and psychosocial. HRQL outcomes were evaluated using the SF-36 Health Survey eight subscales, Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores. Variables shown to have significant association in the univariate analysis (p<0.10) were included in a multivariate regression analysis. Ten regression models were studied, for the 8 SF-36 subscales, PCS and MCS scores. Fifteen variables were significant in the multivariable models; time in renal replacement treatment, urea, creatinine, haemoglobin, iron, hospitalizations, acute illness, blindness, age, gender, living with someone, working status, administration of antidepressants or antipsychotic medications, and maintenance of sex life, explaining 43% of the variance of PCS and 35% of MCS. The type and relevance of the explanatory variables differed along the various dimensions of HRQL. As a conclusion we underline the entwining of biological, sociodemographic and psychosocial factors as determinants of health related quality of life patients with end stage renal disease, thus supporting the multidimensional definition and modelling of the construct.
HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND HEPATITIS C-INFECTION

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) belongs to the Hepacivirus genus, Flaviviridae family, has six major genotypes and more than 70 subtypes. HCV has a major impact on public health, because it infects around 3% worldwide population, with an estimated global incidence of three to four million new infections per year. HCV infection was first suspected in the 1970s, when this new type of hepatitis transmitted by blood was then called “non-A, non-B” hepatitis. HCV is an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus, and its genome was identified in 1989. It’s transmitted primarily via the blood route through of injection drug use, sharing syringes, and blood transfusion. Anti-HCV antibody and HCV RNA testing are used to diagnose acute and chronic hepatitis C, and HCV genotype should be systematically determined for indication and duration of treatment. After acute infection, 15%-25% of persons appear to resolve their infection without sequelae, whereas 75%-85% evolve to chronicity, which may exhibit various complications with the evolution of the infection. The standard treatment for chronic infection with HCV in the last decade has been the combination therapy of pegylated interferon alpha plus ribavirin. However, this therapy is associated with significant adverse effects, but recent developments of new drugs’ combinations are changing the treatment paradigm in HCV infection. In this article, we review the information on HCV, how the HCV biology, diagnosis, management, preventive modalities, and therapeutics.
Physical Activity after Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Purpose. Physical activity is beneficial after stroke, but it is unclear how active stroke survivors are. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine levels of activity and factors predicting activity. Summary of Review: Methods. MEDLINE (1946 to present) and EMBASE (1980 to present) were systematically searched until July 2012. All studies quantifying whole-body-free living physical activity by objective and self-reported methods in a community dwelling population with stroke were included. A random effect meta-analysis was performed. Results. Twenty-six studies were included (), of which eleven () contained sufficient data for meta-analysis. There were heterogeneous designs, measurements, and procedures. The studies generally recruited small samples of high-functioning participants. Level of physical activity was generally low in quantity, duration and intensity. Poorer walking ability, specific sensorimotor functions, and low mood were correlates of low physical activity. Meta-analysis generated an estimate of 4355.2 steps/day (95% CI: 3210.4 to 5499.9) with no significant heterogeneity ( = 0). Conclusions. In high-functioning stroke survivors, physical activity including walking was generally low. Strategies are needed to promote and maintain physical activity in stroke survivors. Research is needed to establish reasons for low physical activity after stroke.
Quantitative Dependence of the Effective Modulus of Particle Reinforced Composites on Partially Debonding Damage

BACKGROUND Interfacial deboding may be one of the main damage modes, and largely influence the mechanical performance of the composites. Developing a simple method for accurately predicting the effect of this damage is in keen demand in the domains of both science and engineering. To realize this objective, quantitative characterization of the relationship between the effective material properties and the damage degree should be a prerequisite. Zhao et al. [1] proposed a fictitious inclusion method, and used the volume of the inclusion directly beneath the interfacial cracks as a measure of damage degree. However, the final prediction by this definition made a large difference against the corresponding FE results. Liu et al. [2] adopted the ratio between the projected damaged area in a certain direction and the original interface area to determine the damage variables. Wada [3-4] conducted a systematic analysis of damage variables ranging from 0 to 1, and picked out optimum damage variables for each debonding angle. The change of load carrying capacity of the damaged particles was also studied by FEM. Zheng et al. [5] made use of FEM to examine the influence of debonding angle on the stiffness of the composite. Cho et al. [6] proposed a novel FE model to study the load carrying capacity of a broken particle, and this method can be equally applied to study the influence of partially debonding. So far, the accuracy of these damage variables has never been clearly addressed yet. Since most of FEM analysis were based on a unit cell model, so a big obstacle in the process of verifying these damage variables is the absence of appropriate equivalent medium model. Fortunately, Jiang et al. [7-8] developed a micromechanics model for composites with regularly distributed particles, and thus the validity of the damage variables can be fully examined. A micromechanics method is employed for particle reinforced composite (PRC) with partially debonding damage, and to establish quantitative dependence of the effective modulus on the damage. FEM is also used to study the stress field and implore the inherent damage mechanism. METHODS Particles with elastic stiffness Cp are randomly located in the matrix with stiffness Cm. The terms for particle, matrix and PRC are represented by symbols with the subscripts ‘p’, ‘m’ and an upper bar, respectively. Additionally, tensors and vectors are denoted by bold face letters. Based on Kachanov’s concept of effective stress [9], Chow and Wang [10] proposed a damage effect tensor M(di) to account for the reduction of elastic stiffness of materials at three principal directions, here d1 , d2 and d3 are the damage variables at three principal axes. Defining the effective compliance tensor Dp as T pp =⋅ ⋅
Strategic management process and the importance of structured formality, financial and non-financial information

The strategic management literature points out that there is a high multiplicity in the form and structure of the strategic management processes within organizations. By contrast, writers on management accounting tend to focus on the structure and formality of strategic activities and call for a balance of financial and non-financial information to support the two strategic processes of strategy development and strategy implementation. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether such assumptions hold in practice. The empirical part of the study draws on questionnaire responses by Greek firms. The results indicate that: 1) Greek firms are equally structured and formal for both strategic decision making processes of strategy development and implementation, 2) there is no significant difference in the use of financial and non-financial information for strategy development and 3) there is significant difference in the evaluation of financial information and non-financial information for strategy implementation.
Is there a correlation between larger local earthquakes and the end of eruptions at Mount Etna volcano, Sicily?

SUMMARY The correlation between destructive shallow local earthquakes (Io≧IX) and the largest eruptions (volume ≧ 107 m3), has been tested at Mount Etna volcano for the period 1600 to the present. These seismic events are found to be linked at a statistically significant level lower than 0.01 to the end of eruptions confirming previous results by Nercessian, Hirn & Sapin (1991).
EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL PROPERTIES AGAINST THE PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS BOTRYTIS CINEREAOF ANTHOCYANIN RICH-EXTRACTS OBTAINED FROM GRAPE POMACES

ABSTRACT The anthocyanin content of grape pomace from different Chilean grape varieties ( Vitis vinifera var. Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenere and Syrah) from two vineyards (Misiones de Rengo and Miguel Torres) was determined by the differential pH method and the anthocyanin perfile was characterized by HPLC. In all chromatograms, a major peak corresponding to malvidin-3-O-glucoside was observed. Also, the in vitro antifungal activity of these extracts against mycelia growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea was evaluated. The anthocyanin containing extract from Cabernet Sauvignon grape pomace of Misiones de Rengo vineyard was the most active. The extract from the same variety form Miguel Torres vineyard did not inhibit mycelia growth of B. cinerea . In general, the other extracts were less active against the fungus. Keywords: Anthocyanins, antifungal activity, Botrytis cinerea , grape pomace. e-mail: leonora.mendoza@usach.cl; milena.cotoras@usach.cl INTRODUCTION In the wine industry, a large amount of grape residues (grape pomace) are obtained and this residue consists mainly on skin residues, broken cells with pulp remains, stalks, and seeds
Tourism Marketing: Measuring Tourist Satisfaction

The research was aimed at identifying and validating determinants of tourist satisfaction. The study area was the provinces of Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Pastaza, Tungurahua, defined in Zone 3 of Ecuador, which transcended their geostrategic commercial position in the center of the country. In this context, the main objective of the study was to measure tourist satisfaction and to evaluate its determinants defined in variables such as product, price, distribution and tourist service as secondary axes of scope and transversal design. The sample synthesized an unknown sampling frame of 610 random tourists, representative sample where a semi-structured personal survey of 34 questions was applied considering 46 moderate variables and 9 classification variables. The statistical techniques used correspond to the partial least squares (PLS) method to give consistency to four items of product, two of the price, three of the distribution, one of the promotion and finally five of the service that allowed. All this was validated with the internal consistency of the model through composite relativity (CR), and Cron Bach's alpha, convergent validity was analyzed using the mean variance extracted (AVE), the structural model was examined through the coefficient Of determination (R2) and the Path (β) values, determined that this relationship is positive and consistent between variables of infrastructure, attention, cleanliness of the establishment and availability of parking; food and fun; ease of finding places and availability of service information; gastronomic and cultural tourism, positive tourism experience, successful choice of destination, fulfilled expectations, repetition of the trip and recommendation of destination.
COHERENT ACOUSTIC OSCILLATIONS IN METALLIC NANOPARTICLES GENERATED WITH FEMTOSECOND OPTICAL PULSES

Nonthermal generation of coherent-acoustic phonons is observed in metallic nanoparticles of tin and gallium, which are solid and liquid, respectively, at room temperature, by applying femtosecond pump-and-probe spectroscopy. Oscillations in the photo-induced differential reflection are clearly detected in the picosecond time domain. The measured period increases approximately linearly with size over a wide range and extracted sound velocities are consistent with those of bulk. Transition to ballistic regime in carrier excitation is also discussed on the basis of the disappearance of oscillations for particle sizes below hot-carrier mean free paths. @S0163-1829~97! 51020-4# In the last few years, considerable attention has been devoted to both semiconducting and metallic clusters in the nanometer size range. The main motivation for this effort resides in the possibility of tailoring, by controlling cluster sizes, physical properties which lie somewhat in between those of bulk materials and of molecules. Size affects for instance, electronic confinement in semiconductor quantum dots 1 as well as nonlinear optical response of metallic clusters 2,3 and basic thermodynamic properties, such as melting temperature. 4,5 In this frame, femtosecond optical spectroscopy can be successfully applied to study the dynamical response of metallic thin films and nanoparticles after excitation with an ultrashort optical pulse. 6,7 A previous investigation of the ultrafast optical response of tin nanocrystals provided clear evidence of size dependence in the cooling of
Fluorescence Imaging for Crop Stress Monitoring: A Review

1 Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India 2 Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi – 110012, India 3 Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi – 110012, India 4 SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner, Rajasthan -303029, India *Corresponding author
The Role of TLR2 in Cigarette Smoke-Induced Gene Induction

Background: Previous work form our group has shown that innate immune cells perceive cigarette smoke as an inflammatory and xenobiotic stimulus, which alters the immune response to invading pathogens. It is unclear as to the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms driving cigarette smoke-induced inflammation, but we have demonstrated that this response is, in part, driven by Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 in innate immune cells in vitro and in mice in vivo . Methodology/Principle findings: To address the impact TLR2/6, has on cigarette smoke-induced gene induction, HEK293 cells were permanently transfected with TLR2/6 or Null vector, and were stimulated with 10% cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 8 h. Total RNA was extracted and the transcriptome analysed using Illumina Bead Chip arrays. In HEK293 Null cells, CSE induced 33 genes and down-regulated 41. In HEK293 TLR2/6 cells, CSE induced 23 genes and down-regulated 44. Further analysis revealed that 42 genes were regulated in a TLR2/6-dependent manner. Comparison of these genes with those induced by smoke in human primary monocytes revealed that 5 were mutually regulated. The major pathways affected were those associated with anti-oxidant pathways, tumorgenesis and cell survival. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the innate immune receptor TLR2/6 has a critical role for the expression of a particular cassette of genes induced by cigarette smoke. Pathway analysis indicates these are related to functions in both cell survival and tumorgenesis. Future validation of the relative importance of these pathways using more complex models is required a may lead to improved understanding of the pathology of cigarette smoke-induced diseases such as COPD, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
A Novel Silica-Nylon Mesh Reinforcement for Dental Prostheses

Statement of the Problem. Acrylic resin-based dentures can fracture; thus they can benefit from reinforcement. Purpose. To evaluate the effect of a novel reinforcement structure made of nylon fibers and silica particles on the flexural strength of acrylic resin after relining and aging. Materials and Methods. Bar-shaped specimens were fabricated and divided into the following experimental groups (): control (acrylic resin without reinforcement); acrylic resin nylon fiber-reinforced; acrylic nylon and silica fiber-reinforced; acrylic nylon fiber-reinforced-relined; acrylic nylon and silica fiber-reinforced-relined. Half of the specimens from each group were aged by thermomechanical cycling (10000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C) before flexural strength testing to failure using a universal testing machine. Data (MPa) were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey tests (). Results. Adding nylon fibers or silica-containing nylon fibers significantly increased the flexural strength of all the groups tested. Within the similar groups processed in the same manner, the relining procedure reduced the flexural strength of the specimens, whereas aging process had no effect on the strength values. Conclusion. Incorporating a silica-containing nylon fiber mesh into acrylic resin yielded the greatest flexural strength for the evaluated structures.
A study of Bioremediation of Methyl Parathion in vitro using Potential Pseudomonas sp. isolated from Agricultural Soil, Visakhapatnam, India

India is primarily an agriculture based country along with a well established agrochemical industry. The demand of organophosphate (OPs) is on rise in accordance to an alarming population rise in India, projected to cross 1.3 billion by 2020 (Kanekar et al., 2004). Currently OPs account for about one-third the total pesticide consumption (Zamy et al., 2004) with agro-based industries and farmers relying on low cost, broad spectrum organophosphate pesticides (OPs) to protect and improve crop production. The global scenario of OPs is in no way different. Organophosphate pesticides such as Parathion and Methyl Parathion (MP) come handy and used extensively as agriculture and domestic pesticides. It is a contact and ingestion insecticide, having P=S bond and due to its low persistence in the environment its utility is indispensable in agriculture. In discriminate use of these pesticides has lead to contamination of soil and ground International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 2(2016) pp. 464-474 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
The characterization of press roll topography

Nous avons recueilli des donnees sur la profilometrie superficielle d'une gamme de materiaux experimentaux et de materiaux de fabrication des rouleaux de presse, dont entre autres le granit. Aucun des parametres de hauteur et de forme derives de ces donnees n'a su clairement distinguer le granit des autres materiaux. La fonction d'autocorrelation nous a fourni une meilleure correlation au plan du decollement de la feuille. La dimension fractale a ete le seul autre parametre qui a laisse voir une certaine tendance associee au decollement. La texture superficielle des rouleaux de presse implique la contribution d'une plage d'ondulation etendue, d'une macrotexture et d'une microtexture.
Weighted Endpoint Estimates for Multilinear Commutators of Marcinkiewicz Integrals

Let µ Ω, b be the multilinear commutator generalized by µΩ, the n- dimensional Marcinkiewicz integral, with Oscexp L (R n ) functions for τ ≥ 1, where Osc exp L (R n ) is a space of Orlicz type satisfying that Osc exp L (R n ) = BMO(R n ) if τ = 1 and Osc exp L (R n ) ⊂ BMO(R n ) if τ > 1. The authors establish the weighted
A Bayesian model to estimate causality in PISA scores: a tutorial with application to ICT

This paper presents a step-by-step tutorial to estimate causal effects in PISA 2012 by means of a nonparametric Bayesian modeling approach known as Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART), with an illustration of the causal impact of ICT on Spanish students' performance. The R code is explained in a way that can be easily applied to other similar studies. The application shows that, compared to more traditional methodologies, the BART approach is particularly useful when a high-dimensional set of confounding variables is considered as its results are not based on a sampling hypothesis. BART allows for the estimation of different interactive effects between the treatment variable and other covariates. BART models do not require the analyst to make explicit subjective decisions in which covariates must be included in the final models. This makes it an easy procedure to guide policy makers' decisions in different contexts
Rational solutions of the KP hierarchy and the dynamics of their poles. II. Construction of the degenerate polynomial solutions

A general approach to constructing the polynomial solutions satisfying various reductions of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy is described. Within this approach, the reductions of the KP hierarchy are equivalent to certain differential equations imposed on the τ-function of the hierarchy. In particular, the l-reduction and the k-constraint as well as their generalized counterparts are considered. A general construction of the rational solutions to these reductions is found and the particular solutions are explicitly derived for some typical examples including the KdV and Gardner equations, the Boussinesq and classical Boussinesq systems, the NLS and Yajima–Oikawa equations. It is shown that the degenerate rational solutions of the KP hierarchy are related to stationary manifolds of the Calogero–Moser (CM) hierarchy of dynamical systems. The scattering dynamics of interacting particles in the CM systems may become complicated due to an anomalously slow fractional-power rate of the particle motion along the stationary manifolds.