Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transportation during and after cardiac arrest: who, when, how and where?

Purpose of review Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is the most devastating and time-critical medical emergency. Survival after OHCA requires an integrated system of care, of which transport by emergency medical services is an integral component. The transport system serves to commence and ensure uninterrupted high-quality resuscitation in suitable patients who would benefit, terminate resuscitation in those that do not, provide critical interventions, as well as convey patients to the next appropriate venue of care. We review recent evidence surrounding contemporary issues in the transport of OHCA, relating to who, where, when and how to transport these patients. Recent findings We examine the clinical and systems-related evidence behind issues including: contemporary approaches to field termination of resuscitation in patients in whom continued resuscitation and transport to hospital would be medically futile, OHCA patients and organ donation, on-scene versus intra-transport resuscitation, significance of response time, intra-transport interventions (mechanical chest compression, targeted temperature management, ECMO-facilitated cardiopulmonary resuscitation), OHCA in high-rise locations and cardiac arrest centers. We highlight gaps in current knowledge and areas of active research. Summary There remains limited evidence to guide some decisions in transporting the OHCA patient. Evidence is urgently needed to elucidate the roles of cardiac arrest centers and ECPR in OHCA.
Melatonin and osmoregulation in fish: A focus on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smoltification

Part of the life cycle of several fish species includes important salinity changes, as is the case for the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) or the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Salmo salar juveniles migrate downstream from their spawning sites to reach seawater, where they grow and become sexually mature. The process of preparation enabling juveniles to migrate downstream and physiologically adapt to seawater is called smoltification. Daily and seasonal variations of photoperiod and temperature play a role in defining the timing of smoltification, which may take weeks to months, depending on the river length and latitude. Smoltification is characterised by a series of biochemical, physiological and behavioural changes within the neuroendocrine axis. This review discusses the current knowledge and gaps related to the neuroendocrine mechanisms that mediate the effects of light and temperature on smoltification. Studies performed in S. salar and other salmonids, as well as in other species undergoing important salinity changes, are reviewed, and a particular emphasis is given to the pineal hormone melatonin and its possible role in osmoregulation. The daily and annual variations of plasma melatonin levels reflect corresponding changes in external photoperiod and temperature, which suggests that the hormonal time‐keeper melatonin might contribute to controlling smoltification. Here, we review studies on (i) the impact of pinealectomy and/or melatonin administration on smoltification; (ii) melatonin interactions with hormones involved in osmoregulation (e.g., prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol); (iii) the presence of melatonin receptors in tissues involved in osmoregulation; and (iv) the impacts of salinity changes on melatonin receptors and circulating melatonin levels. Altogether, these studies show evidence indicating that melatonin interacts with the neuroendocrine pathways controlling smoltification, although more information is needed to clearly decipher its mechanisms of action.
A cryo–electron tomography workflow reveals protrusion-mediated shedding on injured plasma membrane

Cryo-ET of photodamaged plasma membrane reveals shedding from protrusions that depends on F-actin dynamics, Myo1a, and Vps4B. Cryo–electron tomography (cryo-ET) provides structural context to molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes. Although straightforward to implement for studying stable macromolecular complexes, using it to locate short-lived structures and events can be impractical. A combination of live-cell microscopy, correlative light and electron microscopy, and cryo-ET will alleviate this issue. We developed a workflow combining the three to study the ubiquitous and dynamic process of shedding in response to plasma membrane damage in HeLa cells. We found filopodia-like protrusions enriched at damage sites and acting as scaffolds for shedding, which involves F-actin dynamics, myosin-1a, and vacuolar protein sorting 4B (a component of the ‘endosomal sorting complex required for transport’ machinery). Overall, shedding is more complex than current models of vesiculation from flat membranes. Its similarities to constitutive shedding in enterocytes argue for a conserved mechanism. Our workflow can also be adapted to study other damage response pathways and dynamic cellular events.
Infrared absorber based on Ti/ZnS composite multilayer film

In this paper, we proposed an infrared absorber based on multilayer film. Through the thickness resonance of ZnS dielectric layers and the loss properties of ultra-thin titanium film, a good absorption is achieved in the infrared band. The outermost ZnS is employed to reduce impedance mismatch and protects ultra-thin Ti film. This sample does not need inplane microstructure design, which reduces the processing difficulty and can be prepared on large scales.
Force sensing based on all-fiber cavity ring-down spectroscopy

High-sensitivity sensing of force is realized through an all-fiber cavity ring-down structure. Based on a fiber coupler with a coupling ratio of 99:1, instead of a traditional ring-down cavity mirror, an all-fiber ring-shaped decay cavity was designed and manufactured. This experiment uses a continuously tunable narrow linewidth laser for wavelength scanning, and uses an FBG with a center wavelength of 1550 nm for wavelength filtering in the scanning process. A zigzag micro-bend modulation module with a period of 2mm is designed, the fiber in the cavity passes through the module twice, and the length of the sensing area is 8 cm. The detection sensitivity corresponding to the pressure of 8~16N measured at room temperature is 0. 07722μs -1·N-1 . The results show that the fiber cavity ring-down structure based on the whole fiber has high sensitivity and a good application prospect in the field of real-time pressure monitoring.
Influence of carbon nanotubes on the properties of biopolyol based polyurethane foams

Biopolyols were obtained from liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse and rice husk. Acid and hydroxyl numbers were determined for estimating the polyol value of the liquid products. These prepared biopolyols were mixed with the commercial polyol for the preparation of polyurethane foam (PU). To study the effects of biopolyol on properties of PU foam, various ratios of biopolyol to commercial polyol were used. It was observed that the density and foaming time of the PU foam increases with the increase in biopolyol content. The calculated Isocyanate index showed that sugarcane bagasse polyol can be used to make flexible foam and that rice husk can be used to make rigid foam. Foaming times and full rise times increased with increase in the biopolyol content. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of prepared foams showed the characteristic peaks related to PU foam. The morphological studies were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal conductivity tests proved that the synthesized PU foams can be used as insulating materials. Further, PU foams were also prepared with the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the polyol. The densities, thermal conductivities and SEM analysis of PU foams with and without carbon nanotubes were compared.
Advanced robust control techniques for the stabilization of translational oscillator with rotational actuator based barge-type OFWT

In recent times, renewable energy demand is rapidly increasing worldwide. Offshore wind energy is one of the alternative solutions to the problems posed by non-renewable energy resources. The kinetic energy of the wind is converted to mechanical energy by using an offshore floating wind turbine (OFWT). The efficiency of the OFWT is dependent upon the vibrational effect induced by the environment. In this paper, for the mitigation of this vibrational effect, a new model of barge-type OFWT is designed by using an active control strategy called translational oscillator with a rotational actuator (TORA). The disturbance observer (DO) based advanced control techniques including robust backstepping sliding mode control (BSMC), backstepping integral sliding mode control (BISMC), backstepping nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (BNTSMC), and a new backstepping integral nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (BINTSMC) technique, are devised for the stabilization of OFWT model. The comparison of these techniques is carried out by using MATLAB/SIMULINK which validates the feasibility and correctness of the proposed OFWT model and control techniques.
Cyclic di‐GMP sensing histidine kinase PdtaS controls mycobacterial adaptation to carbon sources

Cell signaling relies on second messengers to transduce signals from the sensory apparatus to downstream signaling pathway components. In bacteria, one of the most important and ubiquitous second messenger is the small molecule cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP). While the biosynthesis, degradation, and regulatory pathways controlled by c‐di‐GMP are well characterized, the mechanisms through which c‐di‐GMP controls these processes are not entirely understood. Herein we present the report of a c‐di‐GMP sensing sensor histidine kinase PdtaS (Rv3220c), which binds to c‐di‐GMP at submicromolar concentrations, subsequently perturbing signaling of the PdtaS‐PdtaR (Rv1626) two‐component system. Aided by biochemical analysis, genetics, molecular docking, FRET microscopy, and structural modelling, we have characterized the binding of c‐di‐GMP in the GAF domain of PdtaS. We show that a pdtaS knockout in Mycobacterium smegmatis is severely compromised in growth on amino acid deficient media and exhibits global transcriptional dysregulation. The perturbation of the c‐di‐GMP‐PdtaS‐PdtaR axis results in a cascade of cellular changes recorded by a multiparametric systems’ approach of transcriptomics, unbiased metabolomics, and lipid analyses.
Insights Into the Evolutionary History of the Subfamily Orthotrichoideae (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta): New and Former Supra-Specific Taxa So Far Obscured by Prevailing Homoplasy

Mosses of the subfamily Orthotrichoideae represent one of the main components of the cryptogam epiphytic communities in temperate areas. During the last two decades, this taxonomical group has undergone an extensive revision that has led to its rearrangement at the generic level. However, their phylogenetic relationships and inferences on the evolutionary patterns that have driven the present diversity have little advanced. In this study, we present a dated molecular phylogenetic reconstruction at the subfamily level, including 130 samples that represent the 12 genera currently recognized within the subfamily, and the analysis of four molecular markers: ITS2, rps4, trnG, and trnL-F. We also analyze 13 morphological characters of systematic value to infer their origin and diagnostic utility within the subfamily. The phylogenetic reconstruction yields three main clades within the subfamily, two of which correspond to the tribe Zygodonteae, and one to Orthotricheae. Within Zygodonteae, the genus Zygodon results to be a polyphyletic artificial assembly, and we propose to separate a new genus named Australoria. Conversely, our results do not support the separation of Pentastichella and Pleurorthotrichum at the genus level and we therefore propose to include Pleurorthotrichum in Pentastichella. Regarding Orthotricheae, our analyses clearly allow the distinction of two subtribes: Orthotrichinae and Lewinskyinae. Within the latter, Ulota results a polyphyletic entity, and therefore we propose the segregation of a separate new genus named Atlantichella. Dating analyses allow us to conclude that the split of the tribes within Orthotrichoideae dates from the Middle Jurassic, while the diversification of Orthotrichum and Zygodon probably started during the Late Cretaceous. However, most of the extant genera of this subfamily seem to be younger, and apparently its highest diversification burst took place during the Oligocene. Finally, the analysis of the morphological traits reveals that most of the characters previously used to separate genera and here tested are homoplastic, which has hindered the taxonomical and systematic proposals for decades. However, even if there are no exclusive characters, all of the genera can be defined by the combination of a few characters.
Optical properties of HgTe‐CdTe superlattices

Optical transmittance spectra of HgTe‐CdTe superlattices grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy were measured as a function of temperature between 40 and 360 K. Low substrate temperatures (150–170 °C) were required during growth to minimize interdiffusion and improve crystal quality. The highest quality superlattices exhibit sharp absorption edges with positive temperature coefficients in reasonable agreement with theory. In addition, many superlattices exhibit higher energy absorption features with temperature dependences similar to the lower energy fundamental absorption edge. The higher energy absorption features are associated with optical transitions involving higher order (n=2,3) superlattice minibands.
Characterization of Cell Free Plasma Methyl-DNA From Xenografted Tumors to Guide the Selection of Diagnostic Markers for Early-Stage Cancers

Circulating cell-free methyl-DNA (mcfDNA) contains promising cancer markers but its low abundance and possibly diverse origin pose challenges toward the accurate diagnosis of early stage cancers. By whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from about 0.5 mL plasma of mice xenografted with human tumors, we obtained and aligned the reads to the human genome, filtered out the mouse and carrier bacterial sequences, and confirmed the tumor origin of methyl-cfDNA (mctDNA) by methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion prior to species-specific PCR. We estimated that human tumor-specific reads (ctDNA) or mctDNA comprised about 0.29 or 0.01%, respectively of the xenograft mouse cfDNA, and about 0.029 or 0.001% of the cfDNA of human early stage cancer patients. Similar WGBS of early stage (0-II, node- and metastasis-free) breast, lung or colorectal cancer samples identified hundreds of specific DMRs (differentially methylated regions) compared to healthy controls. Their association with tumourigenesis was supported by stage-dependent methylation, tumor suppressor or oncogene clusters, and genes also identified in the xenograft samples. Using 20 three-cancer-common and 17 colorectal cancer-specific DMRs in combination (top 0.0018% of the WGBS methylation clusters) was sufficient to distinguish the stage I colorectal cancers from breast and lung cancers and healthy controls. Our data thus confirmed the tumor origin of mctDNA by sequence specificity, and provide a selection threshold for authentic tumor mctDNA markers toward precise diagnosis of early stage cancers solely by top DMRs in combination.
Ghana’s Bui Hydropower Dam and Linkage Creation Challenges

Abstract This study examines the issues of linkage development pertaining to the Bui Hydropower Dam. 1 Completed in 2013, the 400-megawatt hydropower facility was touted by the government to catalyse Ghana’s socio-economic transformation. However, while the Chinese contractor delivered the physical edifice to the Ghanaian government, the dam’s material benefits have yet to materialize. The inability to instigate economic linkages from the project has sparked debate in research and policy circles in Ghana. While some scholars reference local factors, others cite external elements, including the demands of Chinese actors and financiers as the cause of the limited economic linkages the dam created in the Ghanaian economy. This paper explores these counterpropositions. Drawing from exploratory mixed-method research, the paper asserts that although linkage creation is mediated by internal and external factors, the former is more salient when it comes to engagement with China.
Stochastic Top-K Subset Bandits with Linear Space and Non-Linear Feedback

Many real-world problems like Social Influence Maximization face the dilemma of choosing the best $K$ out of $N$ options at a given time instant. This setup can be modeled as a combinatorial bandit which chooses $K$ out of $N$ arms at each time, with an aim to achieve an efficient trade-off between exploration and exploitation. This is the first work for combinatorial bandits where the feedback received can be a non-linear function of the chosen $K$ arms. The direct use of multi-armed bandit requires choosing among $N$-choose-$K$ options making the state space large. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm which is computationally efficient and the storage is linear in $N$. The proposed algorithm is a divide-and-conquer based strategy, that we call CMAB-SM. Further, the proposed algorithm achieves a \textit{regret bound} of $\tilde O(K^{\frac{1}{2}}N^{\frac{1}{3}}T^{\frac{2}{3}})$ for a time horizon $T$, which is \textit{sub-linear} in all parameters $T$, $N$, and $K$. %When applied to the problem of Social Influence Maximization, the performance of the proposed algorithm surpasses the UCB algorithm and some more sophisticated domain-specific methods.
Determination of energy gap in Cd1-xZnxTe (x = 0-0.06)

A dependence of energy gap on composition x for Cd1-xZnxTe (x = 0-0.06) was found combining x-ray diffraction and low temperature photoluminescence measurements (free exciton energy) on Cd1-xZnxTe single crystals. The use of this dependence for evaluation of Zn content (x) in the crystals shows very good agreement with the near infrared absorption method. Published dependences Eg(x) are reviewed and compared with the dependence Eg(x,T = 4 K) = 1.606 + 0.520x + 0.254x2 derived in this work.
Identifying Used Methods and Datasets in Scientific Publications

Although it has become common to assess publications and researchers by means of their citation count (e.g., using the h-index), measuring the impact of scientiﬁc methods and datasets (e.g., using an “h-index for datasets”) has been performed only to a limited extent. This is not surprising because the usage information of methods and datasets is typically not explicitly provided by the authors, but hidden in a publica-tion’s text. In this paper, we propose an approach to identifying methods and datasets in texts that have actually been used by the authors. Our approach ﬁrst recognizes datasets and methods in the text by means of a domain-speciﬁc named entity recognition method with minimal human interaction. It then classiﬁes these mentions into used vs. non-used based on the textual contexts. The obtained labels are aggregated on the document level and integrated into the Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph modeling publications’ metadata. In experiments based on the Microsoft Academic Graph, we show that both method and dataset mentions can be identiﬁed and correctly classiﬁed with respect to their usage to a high degree. Overall, our approach facilitates method and dataset recommendation, enhanced paper recommendation, and sci-entiﬁc impact quantiﬁcation. It can be extended in such a way that it can identify mentions of any entity type (e.g., task).
Importance Assessment in Scholarly Networks

We present approaches to estimate content-aware bibliomet-rics to quantitatively measure the scholarly impact of a publication. Traditional measures to assess quality-related aspects such as citation counts and h -index, do not take into account the content of the publications, which limits their ability to provide rigorous quality-related metrics and can signiﬁcantly skew the results. Our proposed metric, denoted by Content In-formed Index (CII), uses the content of the paper as a source of distant-supervision, to weight the edges of a citation network. These content-aware weights quantify the information in the citation i.e., these weights quantify the extent to which the cited-node informs the citing-node. The weights convert the original unweighted citation network to a weighted one. Consequently, this weighted network can be used to derive impact metrics for the various entities involved, like the publications, authors etc. We evaluate the weights estimated by our approach on three manually annotated datasets, where the annotations quantify the extent of information in the citation. Particularly, we evaluate how well the ranking imposed by our approach associates with the ranking imposed by the manual annotations. The proposed approach achieves up to 103% improvement in performance as compared to second best performing approach.
4-Aminoantipyrine as an Analytical Reagent for the Colorimetric Determination of Tetracycline and Oxytetracycline

Abstract A spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of tetracycline and oxytetracycline and their dosage forms. The suggested method depends on the reaction with 4-aminoantipyrine in the presence of an alkaline oxidising agent. A red antipyrine dye is produced. The reaction ratio has been determined. Variables such as pH, temperature, reagent concentration, stability of the colour produced have been evaluated to permit selection of the most advantageous technique. Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range 0.04 - 0.12 mg/ml and 0.04 - 0.16 mg/ml for tetracycline and oxytetracycline respectively.
The uptake, distribution and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during the parr‐smolt transformation

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) uptake, distribution, and metabolism patterns were investigated from February to June during the transformation of freshwater coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) parr to smolts. At a BaP concentration of 5 μg/L, uptake rates increased significantly from 0.01 ± 0.000 μg/g/h in February to 0.04 ± 0.003 μg/g/h in May and declined to 0.035 ± 0.004 μg/g/h in June. Following a 24‐h exposure to BaP, the highest percent of body burden of BaP was found in the liver, gills, skin, and bile. The proportion of BaP in the liver and gills increased in fish from February to May and declined in June, whereas the proportion of BaP in the bile continued to rise until June when it reached a maximum of 49% of the body burden. The percent body burden of BaP in tissues such as the stomach, intestine, visceral fat, muscle, and brain did not show significant changes through the duration of the study. An analysis of bile suggests that both coho salmon parr and smolts are capable of metabolizing BaP via phase I and II biotransformation reactions to glucuronide, sulfate, and other conjugated metabolites. No significant changes occurred in the proportions of metabolite classes during the parr–smolt transformation process.
Digital collaboration within the supply chain: unlocking the hidden lean potential

: Collaboration in a supply chain plays an important role for manufacturing companies that are simultaneously implementing lean and running enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. This research aims to discover whether the usage of ERP at a supply chain level can boost internal hidden lean potential. Empirical data were obtained from three manufacturing cases in Sweden. The results show that ERP technology usage has a significant impact on discovering hidden lean potential of three types: unlocked hidden lean potential in an unconnected ERP system, unlocked hidden lean potential in a connected ERP system, and unlocked hidden lean potential in a shared ERP system. The findings indicate manufacturers should devote more effort to ensuring active usage of ERP systems internally as well as externally with their customers and suppliers. The transparency and collaboration provided by an ERP system will help these companies become leaner.