Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PTIP promotes recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal tumors worldwide, which is mainly due to the high recurrence and metastasis rate after hepatectomy. In this study, we found that PTIP expression was dramatically upregulated in human HCC tissues and cell lines. High expression of PTIP was shown to be associated with aggressive clinicopathological features, including liver cirrhosis, vascular invasion and advanced stage. In addition, PTIP overexpression was independently associated with shorter survival and increased HCC recurrence in patients. Knockdown of the PTIP expression significantly inhibited invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, whereas ectopic expression of PTIP significantly promoted invasion and metastasis. Mechanistically, PTIP promotes HCC progress by facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Notably, we also found that PTIP might increase miR-374a expression to promote EMT and metastasis in HCC. In summary, our study identified PTIP as a new potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for HCC.
Effects of wilderness grazing on ground-breeding birds in Pannonian grasslands

The acceleration of grassland loss on the global scale has been reported in many studies, which is often attributed to the combination of land use change and increased variability of climatic processes. Extensive steppe national parks serve as an ideal study site for grassland conservation, especially wilderness areas where the natural effects of grazing on wildlife can still be tracked. In our study we aim to investigate the effects of habitat structure, grazing type and intensity as well as climatic variables on species abundance, species richness and abundance of functional groups of ground-breeding bird species in the largest compact alkali grassland area of central Europe. We applied the information theoretic approach estimating the importance of ecological predictors according models of substantial support. The main result of our study shows that ground-breeding bird communities in steppe areas exhibit highly species-specific responses to the species of grazers, grazing intensity, habitat composition and climatic predictors. Across the most supported models, species-specific habitat composition values were the most supported predictors. Our findings show that although the response of ground-breeding birds to vegetation, grazing and climatic predictors is highly species-specific, consistent patterns of responsiveness to grazing and climatic patterns emerge, which calls for long-term studies on the combined effects of climatic variability and management of grazing systems.
Activity level, emission intensity, and optimal GHG abatement policy: An application to Norwegian agriculture

Despite the failure of the U.N. Copenhagen climate conference in December 2009 efforts are continuing to reach agreement on binding global commitments on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. At the same time, efforts are still underway to conclude the Doha Round of trade negotiations through the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both of these agreements could have a significant impact on the level of activity in agriculture and the GHG emissions that it generates. In this paper we explore strategies to comply with both trade liberalization and GHG emission reduction commitments. We examine the implications of trade liberalization and a carbon tax, both of which affect agricultural output, as means of achieving emission reductions. We emphasize two diametrically different responses to a carbon tax. One adaptation is to change the way agricultural commodities are produced, i.e., choosing less polluting techniques, which we argue will require more land per unit of output. The second response is to use agricultural land for carbon sequestration purposes (offsets), e.g., for perennial grasses or forestry. We show that when an offset option is introduced, production intensity tends to increase, such that emissions per unit of output rise. The theoretical results are illustrated by using a partial equilibrium model of the Norwegian agricultural sector.
Autohesion Behavior of Brominated-Isobutylene-Isoprene Gum Nanocomposites with Layered Clay

대학원 디자인제조공학과접수일(2014년 2월 10일), 수정일(2014년 2월 24일), 게재확정일(2014년 2월 28일)ABSTRACTThe effect of nanoclay (Cloisite 20A) on the self-adhesion behavior of uncured brominated-isobutylene-isoprene rubber (BIIR) has been studied. The dispersion state of nanoclay into the rubber matrix was examined by SEM, TEM and XRD analysis. The thermal degradation behavior of the filled and unfilled samples was examined by TGA and improvement in the thermal stability of the nanocomposites occurred based on the weight loss (%) measurements. Also, addition of nanoclay enhanced the cohesive strength of the material by reinforcement action thereby reducing the degree of molecular diffusion across the interface of butyl rubber. However, the average depth of penetration of the inter-diffused chains was still adequate to form entanglement on either side of the interface, and thus offered greater resistance to peeling, resulting in high tack strength measurements. The improvement in tack strength was only achieved at critical nanoclay loading above 8 phr. Contact angle measurement was also made to examine the surface characteristics. There was no significant interfacial property change by employing the nanoclay. 요 약：브롬화 이소부틸 이소프렌 (BIIR) 고무의 점착성에 미치는 나노점토(Cloisite 20A)의 영향을 조사하였다. 고무내 나노점토의 분산성은 SEM, TEM, XRD으로 분석하였다. 나노점토 충전 및 미충전 고무의 열적안정성은 TGA로 분석하였으며, 충전고무에서 열적안정성을 보였다. 또한 나노점토를 첨가하면 보강효과에 의해 고무의 강도가 증가하였다. 나노점토 첨가로 계면간 분자확산 정도는 감소할 것으로 판단되었지만, 본 연구에서 관찰된 분자확산에 의해 형성된 계면의 두께는 분자사슬간 엄킴현상을 유발하는데 충분하여 계면점착력이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 계면점착력 증가현상은 일정한 이상 (8 phr)의 나노점토가 첨가되었을 때 나타났다. 나노점토 첨가에 따른 표면특성의 변화를 조사하기 위해 접촉각 측정을 하였는데 큰 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. Keywordsnanocomposites, autohesion, inter-diffusion, brominated-isobutyl-isoprene rubber
The Restructuring Process of Teacher Training System in Turkey: A Model of Teacher Training Based on Post-Graduate Education (PGCE)

The article highlights the development and restructuring of teacher education policy in Turkey and reforms in late 1990s. It includes an overview of the history of modern teacher education in the country and outlines the current system. The purpose of this paper was to describe the nature of reforms and restructuring process based on post-graduate teacher education (PGCE) in the post-1997 period in Turkey that have had an impact on teacher education
Quantum computational universality of the Cai-Miyake-Dür-Briegel two-dimensional quantum state from Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki quasichains

Universal quantum computation can be achieved by simply performing single-qubit measurements on a highly entangled resource state, such as cluster states. Cai, Miyake, Duer, and Briegel recently constructed a ground state of a two-dimensional quantum magnet by combining multiple Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki quasichains of mixed spin-3/2 and spin-1/2 entities and by mapping pairs of neighboring spin-1/2 particles to individual spin-3/2 particles [Phys. Rev. A 82, 052309 (2010)]. They showed that this state enables universal quantum computation by single-spin measurements. Here, we give an alternative understanding of how this state gives rise to universal measurement-based quantum computation: by local operations, each quasichain can be converted to a one-dimensional cluster state and entangling gates between two neighboring logical qubits can be implemented by single-spin measurements. We further argue that a two-dimensional cluster state can be distilled from the Cai-Miyake-Duer-Briegel state.
Status of the harbour seal ( Phoca vitulina ) in Southern Scandinavia

The harbour seal population in Southern Scandinavia has experienced repeated declines caused by hunting and epizootics. These events have shaped the current distribution and abundance of the population. This paper assesses the current status of the population. We estimate trends in abundance of harbour seals from long term survey data, compare these with historic trends inferred from previously published material, and discuss past and potential threats to the harbour seal population of Southern Scandinavia. It is evident that harbour seals have disappeared from haulout areas along the Danish shores of Kattegat and in the westernmost part of the Baltic Sea, where they were previously numerous. In the 1920-30s, when abundance was at its lowest, the population is estimated to have been only a fraction of its original size. Following 30 years of protection the population is currently approaching historic abundance and might have reached the carrying capacity in some areas. Further development depends largely on effects of future epizootics, anthropogenic disturbance, and availability of suitable haulout sites.
VALORES HEMATOLOGICOS Y PARASITOLOGICOS DE BANDA NEGRA Myleus schomburgkii (PISCES, SERRASALMIDAE) CULTIVADOS EN ESTANQUES DE TIERRA

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los valores hematologicos e indices parasitarios de 25 juveniles de banda negra Myleus schomburgkii criados en condiciones de cautiverio en estanques de tierra bajo las siguientes condiciones: 29.3 ± 0.9 C°, OD: 3.5 ± 1.2 mg.L-1 y pH: 6.7 ± 0.2. Para la evaluacion de cada ejemplar se tomo una muestra de sangre por puncion de vena caudal e inmediatamente los animales fueron sacrificados para determinar el indice parasitario en base a la presencia de monogeneos en las branquias. Los parametros sanguineos se midieron empleando los metodos de microhematocrito y cianometahemoglobina. Los promedios de los parametros hematologicos obtenidos muestran hematocrito (Hto): 37.17 %; hemoglobina (Hb):10.34 g.dL-1, eritrocitos (Er): 12.8x106. μL-1 y leucocitos (Leu): 5.1x103 μ. L-1 de sangre. A nivel parasitologico, se identificaron dos generos de la clase Monogenea (Notozothecium y Anacanthorus) infestando las branquias de los peces en estudio, con una prevalencia de 100% y abundancia media de 244 monogeneos.pez-1. Los resultados muestran el buen estado fisiologico de esta especie criada en condiciones normales de cautiverio.
Skin Cancer Screening

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the US, with almost three million individuals being diagnosed annually [1]. Both melanoma and non-melanoma (or keratinocyte) skin cancer (NMSC) incidence rates have been increasing in recent decades [2]-[4]. In 2012, melanoma is predicted to be the fifth most common cancer among US men and the sixth most common cancer among women [2]. Risk factors for melanoma and NMSC include male sex, age over 50 years, personal or family history of melanoma or NMSC, red hair, blue or green eyes, Fitzpatrick skin type I (very fair skin sensitive to ultraviolet radiation [UV]) with freckles, actinic keratosis on the head, familial atypical mole-melanoma syndrome, or numerous (i.e., > 100) moles [2], [5]-[15]. Additionally, many melanomas and NMSCs can be attributed to UV exposure such as via outdoor occupations, one blistering sunburn prior to age 18, multiple sunburns at any age, or indoor tanning [15]-[21].
Text Document Clustering Based on Density K-means

K-means is one of the most fundamental techniques in clustering. It has been applied in many fields, such as image processing and Natural Language Processing. It has good performance in many cases, especially in dealing with large data sets. However, how to choose the initial cluster centers is a hard problem, different choice may cause the clustering results by K-means unstable even get the local optimum. To solve this problem, many methods have be proposed, while these methods only apply in some certain fields and perform disappointed when we use for text documents clustering. In this paper, we designed a novel density K-means algorithm and apply it in the text document clustering. The experimental results show that it performs better than most of the existing methods in Chinese corpus. Furthermore, compared with other algorithms, our algorithm can effectively decrease the iterations.
The engagement of brain cytochrome P450 in the metabolism of endogenous neuroactive substrates: a possible role in mental disorders

Abstract The current state of knowledge indicates that the cerebral cytochrome P450 (CYP) plays an important role in the endogenous metabolism in the brain. Different CYP isoenzymes mediate metabolism of many endogenous substrates such as monoaminergic neurotransmitters, neurosteroids, cholesterol, vitamins and arachidonic acid. Therefore, these enzymes may affect brain development, susceptibility to mental and neurodegenerative diseases and may contribute to their pathophysiology. In addition, they can modify the therapeutic effects of psychoactive drugs at the place of their target action in the brain, where the drugs can act by affecting the metabolism of endogenous substrates. The article focuses on the role of cerebral CYP isoforms in the metabolism of neurotransmitters, neurosteroids, and cholesterol, and their possible involvement in animal behavior, as well as in stress, depression, schizophrenia, cognitive processes, learning, and memory. CYP-mediated alternative pathways of dopamine and serotonin synthesis may have a significant role in the local production of these neurotransmitters in the brain regions where the disturbances of these neurotransmitter systems are observed in depression and schizophrenia. The local alternative synthesis of neurotransmitters may be of great importance in the brain, since dopamine and serotonin do not pass the blood–brain barrier and cannot be supplied from the periphery. In vitro studies indicate that human CYP2D6 catalyzing dopamine and serotonin synthesis is more efficient in these reactions than the rat CYP2D isoforms. It suggests that these alternative pathways may have much greater significance in the human brain but confirmation of these assumptions requires further studies.
Null Space Based Preemptive Scheduling for Joint URLLC and eMBB Traffic in 5G Networks

In this paper, we propose a null-space-based preemptive scheduling framework for cross-objective optimization to always guarantee robust URLLC performance, while extracting the maximum possible eMBB capacity. The proposed scheduler perpetually grants incoming URLLC traffic a higher priority for instant scheduling. In case that radio resources are not immediately schedulable, proposed scheduler forcibly enforces an artificial spatial user separation, for the URLLC traffic to get instantly scheduled over shared resources with ongoing eMBB transmissions. A pre-defined reference spatial subspace is constructed for which scheduler instantly picks the active eMBB user whose precoder is the closest possible. Then, it projects the eMBB precoder on-the-go onto the reference subspace, in order for its paired URLLC user to orient its decoder matrix into one possible null space of the reference subspace. Hence, a robust decoding ability is always preserved at the URLLC user, while cross-maximizing the ergodic capacity. Compared to the state-of-the-art proposals from industry and academia, proposed scheduler shows extreme URLLC latency robustness with significantly improved overall spectral efficiency. Analytical analysis and extensive system level simulations are presented to support paper conclusions.
Applications of anti/prooxidant fullerenes in nanomedicine along with fullerenes influence on the immune system

Fullerenes are molecules that, due to their unique structure, have very specific chemical properties which offer them very wide array of applications in nanomedicine. The most prominent are protection from radiation-induced injury, neuroprotection, drug and gene delivery, anticancer therapy, adjuvant within different treatments, photosensitizing, sonosensitizing, bone reparation, and biosensing. However, it is of crucial importance to be elucidated how fullerenes immunomodulate human system of defense. In addition, the most current research, merging immunology and nanomedicine, results in development of nanovaccines, which may represent the milestone of future treatment of diseases.
Higher Order Expansion for the MSE of M-estimators on shrinking neighborhoods

We consider estimation of a one-dim. location parameter by means of M- estimators S n with monotone influence curve . For growing sample size n, on suit- ably thinned out convex contamination balls ˜ Qn of shrinking radius r= p n about the ideal distribution, we obtain an expansion of the asymptotic maximal mean squared error MSE of form max Qn2 ˜ Qn n MSE(S
An Eclectic Approach to Loyalty-Promoting Instruments in Corporate Law: Revisiting Hirschman's Model of Exit, Voice, and Loyalty

This essay analyses the shareholder role in corporate governance in terms of Albert Hirschman's Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. The term 'exit' is embedded in a law & economics framework, while 'voice' relates to a corporate constitutional framework. The essay takes an eclectic approach and argues that, in order to understand the shareholder role in its full breadth and depth, the corporate law & economics framework can 'share the analytical stage' with a corporate constitutional framework. It is argued that Hirschman's concept of 'loyalty' is the connecting link between the corporate law & economics and corporate constitutional framework. Corporate law is perceived as a Janus head, as it is influenced by corporate law & economics as well as by corporate constitutional considerations. In the discussion on the shareholder role in public corporations, it is debated whether corporate law should facilitate loyalty-promoting instruments, such as loyalty dividend and loyalty warrants. In this essay, these instruments are analysed based on the eclectic approach. It is argued that loyalty dividend and warrants are law & economics instruments (i.e. financial incentives) based on corporate constitutional motives (i.e. promoting loyalty in order to change the exit/voice mix in favour of voice).
Galaxy and mass assembly (GAMA): The large-scale structure of galaxies and comparison to mock universes

MA acknowledges funding from the University of St Andrews and the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research. ASGR is supported by funding from a UWA Fellowship. PN acknowledges the support of the Royal Society through the award of a University Research Fellowship and the European Research Council, through receipt of a Starting Grant (DEGAS-259586). MJIB acknowledges the financial support of the Australian Research Council Future Fellowship 100100280. TMR acknowledges support from a European Research Council Starting Grant (DEGAS-259586).
Are Executive Stock Options Associated with Future Earnings?

We estimate the relation between stock option (ESO) grants to the top five executives and future earnings to examine whether incentive alignment or rent extraction by top managers explains option granting behavior. The future operating income associated with a dollar of Black-Scholes value of an ESO grant is $3.71. To understand the source of these positive payoffs, we parse out ESO grant values into components predicted by economic determinants of option grants, governance quality, and a residual grant value. The payoffs to ESOs appear to be driven predominantly by the economic determinants of option grants and not poor governance quality.
Interactive comment on “Assimilation of atmospheric methane products in the MACC-II system: from SCIAMACHY to TANSO

We would like to thank the reviewers for their comments and remarks. They helped us to discover an issue concerning our usage of the data from the TCCON network looking closer at the experiment behaviour at the Darwin site. We assumed the modelled CH4 mole fraction to be wet when it was dry. Therefore Fig. 10 and Table 3 of the paper have to be updated and the discussion Sec. 3.5. 2 will be changed (see Table 1 and Fig. 6 on the reply to the first review).
Potential Measurement of Biological Compound Concentration using Capacitive Sensor

Monitoring of biological compounds related to health issue is an important activity. A devicethat is low in cost, simple and portable is an advantage for biological compound monitoring.In this work, a device was developed using a capacitance (C) concept with two plates system.Linear relationship between frequency (f) and sample concentration was obtained proving thatthe relationship between f and the dielectric constant (k) can be used to develop sensor forbiological compounds. The behavior of sample reactions can be monitored in the presence offree enzymes in solution. By using capacitance as measurement concept linear relationship wasobtained for the concentration of histamine from 100 until 300 ppm.
HOW FAST HAS CHINESE INDUSTRY GROWN?—MEASURING THE REAL OUTPUT OF CHINESE INDUSTRY, 1949–97

The motivation of this study is to test the widely accepted but never tested hypothesis that Chinese official statistics on growth rates may contain serious upward biases. By adopting a Laspeyres quantity index approach to the recently available official physical output data at commodity level, we have constructed an independent output index for Chinese industry, and produced a unique data set for the value added of 17 major industrial branches at 1987 prices for the period 1949–97. This study has, for the first time, systematically tested this hypothesis with supportive results. It implies that any growth accounting study using the official growth rates may have exaggerated the productivity performance of Chinese industry.
Dynamics of Proteo- and Fibrinolytic Activity in Brain Structures of Rats with Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Carotid Ischemia-Reperfusion

The imbalance in the protease-antiprotease system is an integral part of the pathogenesis of acute disorder of cerebrovascular circulation and diabetes mellitus (DM), but its manifestations in the complication of diabetes by ischemia-reperfusion of the brain have not been investigated yet.The objective of the work – is to study the dynamics of carotid ischemia-reperfusion effect on the proteo- and fibrinolytic activity in brain structures of rats with experimental DM.Rats with the four-month streptozotocin DM were modeled bilateral carotene ischemia during 20 minutes. In homogenates of brain structures, indicators of proteo- fibrinolytic activity were determined after 1 hour from the beginning of reperfusion and during the 12th day of the post-ischemic period.In the absence of DM, the proteolytic activity of all or individual indicators is increased in both periods of the post-ischemic period in the cortex of the frontal and occipital lobes, the fields of hippocampus CA2 and CA3, and during the 12th day in the field CA1. In rats with diabetes, in all brain structures, there are no changes in the lysis of azo-albumin and azo-casein in both terms of observation and lysis of collagen progressively decreases.In rats without DM in the cortex of the studied particles, fields of the hippocampus CA1 and CA2, all or separate indices of fibrinolytic activity are increased in both periods of the post-ischemic period, in the field CA3 – all indices at the 12th day. In the presence of diabetes in the cortex of both studied lobes and the field CA1, the fibrinolytic activity decreases in the late post-ischemic period, in the fields of CA2 and CA3 – during both observation periods.Conclusion. In the brain structures under investigation at both time intervals, the DM eliminates the reaction of low and high molecular weight proteins to the ischemia-reperfusion and suppresses fibrinolytic activity.