Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
More than words: multiword frequency effects in non-native speakers

ABSTRACT Native speakers are sensitive to the frequencies of multiword phrases: they are faster to process higher frequency phrases, after controlling for all part frequencies (e.g. high: Don't have to worry vs. low: Don't have to wait). Here, we ask whether intermediate-advanced late (English) learners are also sensitive to the distributional properties of large language units: four-word combinations. Using a phrasal-decision task, we show that learners process multiword phrase frequency like natives do. This is not restricted to higher frequency phrases, but occurs across the frequency continuum: as natives, learners show multiword frequency effects even when comparing a lower frequency phrase to a higher (but still low) frequency phrase. In addition, we show that the effect is not modulated by the type of English exposure (immersion vs. classroom). These results indicate that late language users develop sensitivity to distributional properties of large language units at native-like level.
The Effect of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning Environment on EFL Students’ Academic Achievement, Cognitive Load and Acceptance of Mobile Learning Tools

This study reports on the investigation of the effect of mobile assisted learning environment on academic achievement, acceptance of mobile learning tools and cognitive load of EFL students. This study used a mixed methods approach which involves the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data to identify the effect of mobile learning in a foreign language learning environment. Quantitative data were collected from 63 foreign language learners via an academic achievement test, cognitive load scale and mobile learning tools acceptance scale, before and after a six-week intervention period. Following the intervention, eight students from the experimental group answered open-ended questions about their experience during group interviews. Results showed a significant difference in academic achievement and mobile learning tools acceptance level of students in favor of the experimental group. The study also showed that although the students learning a foreign language in mobile assisted learning environment were not cognitively overloaded, students in the control group were. The themes emerged from the qualitative data point to the positive and negative sides of the mobile-assisted learning environment.
Screening for resistance to cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora koch) in wild and cultivated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. walp.) accessions

Cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) is a major pest of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) particularly in the drier regions of the tropics. Although aphid resistant varieties had been developed, resistance has recently broken down. The present study seeks to identify new sources of resistance. 105 cowpea cultivars and 92 wild cowpea accessions were screened in a greenhouse for resistance to cowpea aphid. The results revealed that Among the cowpea cultivars only IT97K-556-6 showed some level of tolerance as 40 % of the seedlings survived until 21 days after infestation even with a high aphid population. The cultivar TVu 1659 had the highest number of aphids per seedling with 59.0 and 268.0 at 9 and 13 days after infestation, respectively while the wild cowpea accession TVNu 1158 had the lowest number of aphids per seedling with 3.2, 11.0 and 25.0 at 5, 9 and 13 days after infestation, respectively. Apart from having the lowest number of aphids 80% of the seedlings of this wild cowpea line survived to 21 days after infestation. The wild cowpea line TVNu 1158 was consistently aphid resistant and should be a good source of resistance genes for incorporation into cultivated cowpea. Keys: Cowpea, Aphis caccivora, resistance, control.
THRESHOLD BASED APPROACH TO DETECT DDOS ATTACKS IN CLOUD

Cloud computing environment is very much prone to intrusion attacks due to modern-days new attacks and hence security of cloud computing is very much required. People will move towards cloud services until and unless they are not having full reliance in its security. Although various measures are taken place from time to time but still various attacks like DDOS attacks are glaring. Hence Multiple Dynamic Thresholds based DDOS attack detection mechanism is proposed as statistical algorithms are more stable.
Physical Activity Patterns During School Recess: A Study in Children 6 to 10 Years Old.

The aims of this study were to characterize the spontaneous physical activity of children during school recess, and to estimate variation in physical activity associated with gender and age. A MTI actigraph (Model 7164) was used with a sample of 140 boys and 131 girls, 6 to 10 years of age. MTI counts were converted to METs using a regression equation developed for children. The number and average duration of periods of activity by intensity were calculated for each child during a 30 minute recess: rest or mild physical activity (≤ 2.9 METs), moderate physical activity (3.0-5.9 METs,), vigorous physical activity (6.0-8.9 METs) and very vigorous physical activity (≥ 9.0 METs). Boys and girls spent about 50% of the recess in physical activity. Physical activity was characteristically done in very short bursts with intervals of rest or mild physical activity. The number of episodes of physical activity of all intensity levels was lower in older children while the inverse occurred at rest or mild physical activity. Boys engaged in higher intensity activity than girls and in general spent more recess time in physical activity.
Association of Five Moderate-Large Earthquakes to the Faults in Taiwan

Five moderate-large earthquake sequences were relocated using the double-difference earthquake location algorithm called hypoDD to study their association to the faults in Taiwan. The relocation after hypoDD shows better clusters of aftershock seismicity by using the concept of multiple events. Our results show that the rupture of 1993 Da-Pu earthquake re­ sulted from a northeast-southwestern strike, western dipping fault. Geologically, there is no clear and direct geological feature that is consis­ tent with this feature in this area. Thus, the 1993 Da-Pu earthquake might be attributed to a blind thrust. The rupture of the 1995 Nan-Ao earthquake shows a clear east-west strike, southern dipping fault. It might be related to the Lupihsi fault. The rupture of 1997 Ruey-Li earthquake strike is NE­ SW, eastern dipping. The fault associated with this earthquake was either Tachienshan fault or Chukou fault. The rupture of Chia-Yi earthquake had the strike in N-S, western dipping. No clear geological structure in this region is associated with this feature. We infer that the Chia-Yi mainshock might have also resulted from a blind thrust. The aftershock distribution of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake shows clear involvement of nearby active faults. This implies the triggering of nearby active faults after the mainshock. On the Chelungpu fault ruptured plane, most of the aftershocks occurred in the region with less slippage during the mainshock. This suggests the almost total release of the stress along the Chelungpu fault during the rupture. The possible involvement of blind thrust in southwestern Taiwan suggests the importance of understanding the possibility of a blind thrust structure beneath Taiwan. 1 Institute of Geophysics, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, ROG * Corresponding author address: Prof. Chung-Han Chan, Institute of Geophysics, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, ROG; E-mail: han@eqkc.earth. ncu.edu. tw
Developing a new hyperspectral imaging interferometer for earth observation

Abstract. The Aerospace Leap-frog Imaging Stationary interferometer for Earth Observation (ALISEO) is a hyperspectral imaging interferometer for Earth remote sensing. The instrument belongs to the class of Sagnac stationary interferometers and acquires the image of the target superimposed to the pattern of autocorrelation functions of the electromagnetic field coming from each pixel. The ALISEO sensor together with the data processing algorithms that retrieve the at-sensor spectral radiance are discussed. A model describing the instrument OPD and interferogram center is also discussed, improving the procedures for phase retrieval and spectral estimation. Images acquired by ALISEO are shown, and examples of retrieved reflectance spectra are presented.
A Stochastic Cusp Catastrophe Studied of Organizational Growth

Firm growth is a development of the management’s system. That is an essential to its life cycle in identifying critical problems which have to be overcome during its stage in order to continue its growth. This paper perspective is to show a correlation with the key indices of Balance scorecard and the firm growth by simulation the linear and non-linear models. After, we used statistical testing methods to fit model in R software. The simulation showed that the application of non-linear model did better than other models in constructing the firm growth model with 77% from the nine firm case studies. 
Haar Wavelet Collocation Method for Solving Riccati and Fractional Riccati Differential Equations

In this paper, numerical solutions of Riccati and fractional Riccati differential equations are obtained by the Haar wavelet collocation method. An operational matrix of integration based on the Haar wavelet is established, and the procedure for applying the matrix to solve these equations. The fundamental idea of Haar wavelet method is to convert the proposed differential equations into a group of non-linear algebraic equations. The accuracy of approximate solution can be further improved by increasing the level of resolution and an error analysis is computed. The examples are given to demonstrate the fast and flexibility of the method. The results obtained are in good agreement with the exact in comparison with existing ones and it is shown that the technique introduced here is robust, easy to apply and is not only enough accurate but also quite stable.
Fuels For Intestinal Cells

The mucosa lining the small and large intestine needs fuel to maintain energy metabolism, to express genes, to allow growth during the process of rapid cell turnover, and for nutrient transport and absorption. Not all potential fuels provide equal support for all of these needs. Thus, the "proper" fuel depends, in part, on the endpoint measured, for example oxygen uptake and consumption, carbon dioxide or lactate production, gene expression or growth, or nutrient transport and absorption. Moreover, the status of the whole organism can affect the need for various energy substrates. Factors that can affect the use of a substrate include feeding pattern (fasted or fed), diet composition, site of nutrient presentation (luminal vs. vascular, small bowel vs. colon, jejunum vs. ileum), stage of development (suckling, lactation, old age), or presence of pathology (e.g., malnutrition, sepsis, infection, bowel resection, diabetes). Most of the conditions studied have involved the small intestinal mucosa, as it is more responsive to changes in experimental and natural variables, and more specific markers are available as surrogate endpoints for cellular function.
Vertical Integration and Market Foreclosure in the Korean Movie Industry

I examine the exhibition behavior of movie theaters in the Korean movie industry in order to investigate the influence of vertical integration on competition. I focus specifically on the choice of films, screen allocation, and movie run stopping over different vertical structures. Because, in the Korean movie industry, not only can we observe the same movie being shown in both integrated theaters and unintegrated theaters but also observe the same theater showing movies from distributors of different vertical structures, I use movie and theater fixed effects to control for the unobserved quality of movies and theaters. The empirical results suggest that vertically integrated theaters are more likely to choose their affiliated movies than other competing movies, and they choose them more often than other competing theaters do. In addition, integrated theaters give their own movies a greater number of screenings over longer time periods. This effect is mostly restricted to company operated theaters, and it is greater when movies are expected to get positive word-of-mouth as well as when underlying demand is high such as holidays. I argue that these results are not driven by the matching between movie and theater based on anything other than integration status, and that vertical integration leads to the foreclosure, denial of access, of independent distributors to integrated theaters, to the detriment of consumers. JEL-Classification: L14, L22, L42, L82
On stability of coalitions when externalities and stochasticity co-exist

We consider a class of cooperative games with transferable utilities where the payoff to a coalition is a function of the overall coalition structure (externalities) and the payoff to a coalition is not deterministic (stochasticity). Externalities and stochasticity in the cooperative game theory literature have almost always been studied separately. We propose a theoretical framework to analyze a situation when both are present together. We introduce a notion of stability and propose a related solution concept, called “foresighted nucleolus”. We prove that the foresighted nucleolus always exists, but it may not be unique. We also provide a computational method and a numerical example to illustrate the solution concept.
Implementation of an Outpatient, Pharmacist- Directed Clinic for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective: To describe development and challenges of implementing a pharmacist-led chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clinic in the primary care setting. Methods: Starting in October 2014, patients scoring 10-30 on the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) were assigned to the intervention or control group. Intervention patients met with a pharmacist, who provided medication and lifestyle counseling and therapy recommendations to the patients’ primary provider per protocol. Control patients were encouraged to make an appointment with their primary provider for standard care. Two months following the initial CAT administration, the survey was administered again to both study groups by phone. The primary outcome was a comparison of change in CAT scores from baseline between the groups. Secondary outcomes included an analysis of medications, smoking status, vaccination status, hospital stays, visit attendance, and self-evaluation of disease progression. Results: Of the 163 patients contacted, 29 were enrolled. Ninety-one percent of the patients screened with the CAT were eligible based on the CAT requirement with an average baseline CAT score of 18.75. The primary outcome, change in follow up CAT scores, were similar for intervention patients (n=18) versus control patients (n=11), +0.8 versus +0.7 respectively. Four of the intervention patients attended their clinic visit resulting in a 22% show rate. Conclusion: Although our study was underpowered to detect between group differences, the elevated baseline CAT scores support the need for therapy optimization in patients with COPD. Pharmacists are well qualified to meet this need by providing medication counseling, smoking cessation, and therapy management. Additional randomized controlled studies are needed to support improved outcomes for patients with COPD when pharmacists are part of the clinical patient care team.
Traffic noise effects on autonomic arousals during sleep

Noise causes non-specific transient excitations  of the central nervous system as measured with the EEG and  of the autonomic nervous system as indicated by alterations of autonomic functions. During wake autonomic arousals occur as gradually decreasing orienting reflexes or as persistent defensive reflexes. During sleep responses are only defensive with lower thresholds and greater magnitudes than during wake. Their patterns and magnitudes are modified by physical parameters of noise, by individual and situational influences and vary systematically with the duration of associated cortical arousals. They are bior triphasic if sleep continues and become monophasic, larger and inert against most influences in case of awakening. The sleep-wake-transition is obviously the dominating stress that is only influenced by the momentary sleep stage. Patterns of spontaneous and of evoked arousals are similar but magnitudes of the latter are larger. The sum of spontaneous and noise-evoked arousals remains stable indicating a redistribution i.e. a disturbance of the endogenous ultradian rhythm under the influence of noise. This imposes the possibility that noise acts as a health hazard in particular as people do not habituate to noise during sleep. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NOISE Suitable methods for the registration of physiological effects of noise became available at the beginning of the last century. Since then it has been shown that noise causes transient excitations also labelled as arousals of both the autonomic and the central nervous system during wake and during sleep as well. These effects are non-specific and are evoked by other environmental stressors as well.  Cortical arousals are transient excitations of the central nervous system (CNS) that are measured with the electroencephalogram (EEG).  Autonomic or subcortical arousals are transient excitations of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that are indicated at the periphery by alterations of various autonomic functions. In general, noise reduces the cardiac output, increases the peripheral resistance
Tweedie’s Compound Poisson Model With Grouped Elastic Net

Tweedie’s compound Poisson model is a popular method to model data with probability mass at zero and nonnegative, highly right-skewed distribution. Motivated by wide applications of the Tweedie model in various fields such as actuarial science, we investigate the grouped elastic net method for the Tweedie model in the context of the generalized linear model. To efficiently compute the estimation coefficients, we devise a two-layer algorithm that embeds the blockwise majorization descent method into an iteratively reweighted least square strategy. Integrated with the strong rule, the proposed algorithm is implemented in an easy-to-use R package HDtweedie, and is shown to compute the whole solution path very efficiently. Simulations are conducted to study the variable selection and model fitting performance of various lasso methods for the Tweedie model. The modeling applications in risk segmentation of insurance business are illustrated by analysis of an auto insurance claim dataset. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Nano risk evaluation in laboratory environment by a customized layer of protection analysis approach

Nanotechnologies are widely used in various industrial settings and by the year 2020, it is expected that nearly 20 % of all products manufactured in the world will take a certain amount of nanotechnology. However, there is a substantial imbalance of knowledge between application of nanotechnology and its impact on health and environment, also considering that nanoparticle synthesis by chemical methods assumed a key role for economic, industrial and scale-up issues. The information currently available on nanomaterial risk assessment within the workplace are limited: systematic methods for assessing exposure are not known yet and the number of workers exposed is hardly estimated. This knowledge gap imposes to the scientific community the need to join efforts to provide a shared opinion on safety, health and welfare of workers who use, manipulate, or produce nanomaterials, adopting as well preventive and protective measures proportionated to the risk according to the precautionary principle. We develop a novel framework for Nano Risk Assessment within the laboratory context, by combining LOPA and HazId techniques, assigning credit factors to specific operative procedures and safety training, suitable to mitigate risk exposure and avoid over-conservative evaluations. Conclusions are drawn on applicative results and possible direction for further implementation of the approach, in view of sustainable, healthy and safe production at research and industrial level.
On the Impact of Automating the IC Analysis Process

In the security analysis of hardware, invasive analysis techniques are of particular interest because they are the only class of attacks capable of defeating all known embedded and software countermeasures. However, invasive analysis techniques are often disregarded because it is generally assumed that there is a substantial amount of effort required to perform these attacks. This work introduces and evaluates a new approach for the security analysis of Integrated Circuits (ICs). These techniques are based on years of development and experience resulting in a suite of tools known as ARES (Automated Reverse Engineering Software). Through substantial automation of the IC analysis process the amount of effort required can be significantly reduced. Additionally, this work presents practical results for a modern secure microcontroller. With ARES it was possible to identify security-relevant signals across the device and develop strategies to extract all the memories of the target device. The amount of time required to conduct the study was reduced from several months to just a few days. Moreover, ARES was capable of reproducing the device’s design files, making it possible to outsource parts of the extraction to a professional lab at a low hourly rate.
A Novel Three Phase Multilevel Inverter with Single Dc Link For Induction Motor Drive Applications

All industrial drives need a controlled output and it can be achieved by controlling the input supply. In this regard, the inverter circuit plays an important role in the applications of industrial drives. The industrial drives are operated at high rated power and the conventional inverters cannot be applicable for high power demands because of the large dV/dt (rate of change of voltage) and more switching losses. Therefore, multilevel inverters are introduced for high power-medium voltage applications. For all AC drives the MLIs are reliable in operation. This MLI topology also reduces the harmonics and bearings stress of a motor with low dV/dt. In most applications multilevel inverters are used because we can get more number of voltage levels. To increase the number of voltage levels, circuit needs to have more switches. But, we have to optimize the switch count and switching operations. The power level of the inverter is limited due to high currents and stress. In this paper, we proposed a new circuit topology which enables the switches to be active at different voltage levels, causes reduction of the switching losses and also increases the efficiency of the inverter. In this we have presented two configurations for an eleven level MLI for three phase induction motor drive application. In this an individual DC source is connected for each bridge circuit of each phase in one configuration and only one common DC link is used for three phases in another configuration. With this the size, cost and complexity could be decreased. In both the configurations the controlled output of the inverter is connected to the induction motor drive. The circuits are modeled using Matlab/simulink software and corresponding output waveforms are analyzed for both configurations.