Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Classified and Active Caching Strategy for Iterative Application in Spark

The Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD) cache is an important way to improve the efficiency of application on Spark. There are some specific characteristics of iterative application. We design the classified and active caching strategy for iterative application. It can reduce the time delay of RDD creation of data set for iterative application and avoid creating or recomputing it again during the iterative application. At the same time, the RDD of parameter set should be renewed and cached after every iteration to reduce the time overhead of the subsequent iteration. The prototype is implemented based on Spark and one iterative application is used to test and compared with Spark. The results show that the classified and active caching strategy can reduce the 12%-45% time overhead of iterative application.
Alleviation of Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Like Symptoms and Control of Gut and Brain Responses with Oral Administration of Dolichos lablab L. in a Mouse Model

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder manifesting as unexplained abdominal pain and bowel habit changes. The pathogenesis of post-infectious IBS is associated with gut–brain axis dysfunction, including low-grade colonic inflammation and anxiety-related long-term brain changes. This study analyzed the efficacy of a standardized extract of Dolichos lablab L. extract (DL), a bean species, in an IBS mouse model resembling post-infectious, diarrhea-dominant IBS. Using a zymosan-induced animal IBS model, we found that oral administration of DL significantly attenuated zymosan-induced increases in colonic macroscopic scores and minimized weight loss without affecting food intake. In the DL-treated mice, the mast cell count and tumor necrosis factor-α level in the colon markedly decreased, similar to results in sulfasalazine-treated mice and in mice with lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow-derived mast cells. The number of visceral pain-related behaviors was much lower in the DL-treated mice. Anxiety-like behaviors significantly improved, comparable to that after treatment with amitriptyline. The c-Fos expression level in the prefrontal cortex was significantly reduced. Our data suggest that DL could be beneficial for treating IBS by acting on the gut and brain.
Design and Development of Customized Physical Interfaces to Reduce Relative Motion Between the User and a Powered Ankle Foot Exoskeleton

Exoskeletons have shown their ability to assist locomotion and augment human performances. However, the benefits of wearing these devices depend on how effectively power can be transmitted from the device to the user's biological structures. Recent studies have shown evidence of inefficient power transmission, with losses of up to 50%. The problem of power transmission can be mitigated by designing interfaces that increase contact stiffness and reduce relative motion between the limb and the robot. In this contribution, the design and development of physical interfaces for rigid lower limb exoskeletons is presented. The relative motion between the human and the developed interface is evaluated using a motion capture system and compared to the performances of a commercially available interface. Results indicate a clear reduction in relative motion between the user and the exoskeleton when the customized interface is worn.
A gene expression comparison of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the bloodstream of the mammalian host reveals species-specific adaptations to density-dependent development

In the bloodstream of mammalian hosts Trypanosoma brucei undergoes well-characterised density-dependent growth control and developmental adaptation for transmission. This involves the differentiation from proliferative, morphologically ‘slender’ forms to quiescent ‘stumpy’ forms that preferentially infect the tsetse fly vector. Another important livestock trypanosome, Trypanosoma congolense, also undergoes density-dependent cell-cycle arrest although this is not linked to obvious morphological transformation. Here we have compared the gene expression profile of T. brucei and T. congolense during the ascending phase of the parasitaemia and at peak parasitaemia in mice, analysing species and developmental differences between proliferating and cell-cycle arrested forms. Despite underlying conservation of their quorum sensing signalling pathway, each species exhibits distinct profiles of gene regulation when analysed by orthogroup and cell surface phylome profiling. This analysis of peak parasitaemia T. congolense provides the first molecular signatures of potential developmental competence, assisting life cycle developmental studies in these important livestock parasites. Furthermore, comparison with T. brucei identifies candidate molecules from each species that may be important for their survival in the mammalian host, transmission or distinct tropism in the tsetse vector.
Two-dimensional DOA estimation for L-shaped array with nested subarrays without pair matching

Non-uniform L-shaped array consisting of two nested arrays and its computationally efficient two-dimensional direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method are developed in this study. The basic idea of the proposed method is to utilise the property of nested arrays and the conjugate symmetry property of the signal auto-correlation function for different time lags to construct a conjugate augmented spatial–temporal cross-correlation matrix (CAST-CCM) and form joint diagonalisation structure from the signal subspace corresponding to the CAST-CCM. Hence, the DOAs are estimated and paired automatically via signal subspace joint diagonalisation technique. The proposed method can handle underdetermined DOA estimation with automatic matching and deal with the angle ambiguity problem when multiple sources have the same azimuth or elevation angles. Meanwhile, the proposed method is computationally efficient without multidimensional search. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through computer simulations.
Leveraging Endpoint Flexibility when Scheduling Coflows across Geo-distributed Datacenters

Coflow scheduling is crucial to improve the communication performance of data-parallel jobs, especially when these jobs running in the inter-datacenter networks with limited and heterogeneous link bandwidth. However, prior solutions on coflow scheduling assume the endpoints of flows in a coflow to be fixed, making them insufficient to optimize the coflow completion time (CCT). In this paper, we focus on the problem of jointly considering endpoint placement and coflow scheduling to minimize the average CCT of coflows across geo-distributed datacenters. We first develop the mathematical model and formulate a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem to characterize the intertwined relationship between endpoint placement and coflow scheduling, and reveal their impact on the average CCT. Then, we present SmartCoflow, a coflow-aware optimization framework, to solve the MILP problem without any prior knowledge of coflow arrivals. In SmartCoflow, we first apply an approximate algorithm to obtain the endpoint placement and scheduling decisions for a single coflow. Based on the single-coflow solution, we then develop an efficient online algorithm to handle the dynamically arrived coflows. To validate the efficiency and practical feasibility of SmartCoflow, we implement it as a real-world coflow scheduler based on the Varys open-source framework. Through experimental results from both a small-scale testbed implementation and large-scale simulations, we demonstrate that SmartCoflow can achieve significant improvement on the average CCT, when compared to the state-of-the-art scheduling-only method.
Cognitive Memory Comparison Between Tinnitus and Normal Cases Using Event-Related Potentials

About 20 percent of people above 60 years old suffer from tinnitus though no definitive treatment has been found for it. Evaluation of electrical brain activity using Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) is one of the methods to investigate the underlying reasons of tinnitus perception. Previous studies using ERPs suggest that the precognitive memory in tinnitus groups is negatively affected in comparison to the normal hearing groups. In this study, cognitive memory has been assessed using visual and auditory P300 response with oddball paradigm. Fifteen chronic tinnitus subjects and six normal hearing subjects participated in the experiment. T-test with significance level of 0.05 was applied on amplitude and latency of auditory and visual P300 for all electroencephalography (EEG) channels separately to compare tinnitus and normal hearing groups where the tinnitus group showed meaningful lower amplitude of auditory P300 peak in three EEG channels.
A Case Study of Spherical Parallel Manipulators Fabricated via Laminate Processes

This paper evaluates how laminated techniques may be used to replicate the performance of more traditionally manufactured robotic manipulators. In this case study, we introduce a laminated 2-DOF spherical, parallel manipulator. Taking advantage of laminating techniques in the construction of the robot can result in considerable saving in construction costs and time, but, the challenges caused by this technique have to be addressed. By using stiffer materials in rigid links, the rigidity of the robot is increased to an acceptable level. We discuss one method for compensating position uncertainty via an experimental identification technique which uses a neural network to create a forward kinematic model. Final results show that the proposed mechanism is able to track desired rotation with acceptable precision using open-loop model-based control. This indicates that parallel manipulators fabricated using lamination techniques can provide similar performance with prototypes made in conventional methods.
Positional Intraocular Pressure of Vitrectomized and Normal Fellow Eyes

Purpose To compare posture-induced intraocular pressure (IOP) changes in vitrectomized eyes and normal eyes of patients who had vitrectomy in one eye. Methods A total of 31 patients older than 20 years of age who underwent vitrectomy were enrolled in the study. At least six months after vitrectomy, we measured IOP in both eyes using a rebound tonometer 10 minutes after the patient assumed sitting, supine, right lateral decubitus, and left lateral decubitus positions. Patients with a history of ocular surgery (not including vitrectomy) or recent medication use associated with IOP were excluded. IOP and ocular parameters of vitrectomized and normal fellow eyes were compared. For the decubitus position, IOP values of dependent and nondependent eyes were compared. Results No significant difference was observed in IOP between vitrectomized and normal eyes in the sitting and supine positions. The IOP for dependent eyes (on the lower side in the lateral decubitus position) was significantly higher than the IOP for nondependent eyes in both right lateral decubitus (right vitrectomized eye 19.31 ± 4.20 vs. 16.71 ± 4.02 mmHg, p < 0.001; left vitrectomized eye 18.35 ± 1.75 vs. 16.04 ± 3.02 mmHg, p = 0.003) and left lateral decubitus (right vitrectomized eye 17.32 ± 4.63 vs. 19.15 ± 3.83 mmHg, p = 0.004; left vitrectomized eye 16.19 ± 1.81 vs. 18.12 ± 2.29 mmHg, p < 0.001) positions. Conclusions IOP was higher in the dependent than the nondependent eye in the lateral decubitus position, for both vitrectomized and nonoperated eyes.
Spectrum of mitochondrial genome instability and implication of mitochondrial haplogroups in Korean patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations may regulate the progression and chemosensitivity of leukemia. Few studies regarding mitochondrial aberrations and haplogroups in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and their clinical impacts have been reported. Therefore, we focused on the mtDNA length heteroplasmies minisatellite instability (MSI), copy number alterations, and distribution of mitochondrial haplogroups in Korean patients with AML. Methods This study investigated 74 adult patients with AML and 70 controls to evaluate mtDNA sequence alterations, MSI, mtDNA copy number, haplogroups, and their clinical implications. The hypervariable (HV) control regions (HV1 and HV2), tRNAleu1gene, and cytochrome b gene of mtDNA were analyzed. Two mtDNA minisatellite markers, 16189 poly-C (16184CCCCCTCCCC16193, 5CT4C) and 303 poly-C (303CCCCCCCTCCCCC315, 7CT5C), were used to examine the mtDNA MSI. Results In AML, most mtDNA sequence variants were single nucleotide substitutions, but there were no significant differences compared to those in controls. The number of mtMSI patterns increased in AML. The mean mtDNA copy number of AML patients increased approximately 9-fold compared to that of controls (P<0.0001). Haplogroup D4 was found in AML with a higher frequency compared to that in controls (31.0% vs. 15.7%, P=0.046). None of the aforementioned factors showed significant impacts on the outcomes. Conclusion AML cells disclosed more heterogeneous patterns with the mtMSI markers and had increased mtDNA copy numbers. These findings implicate mitochondrial genome instability in primary AML cells. Therefore, mtDNA haplogroup D4 might be associated with AML risk among Koreans.
PMSMs Torque Estimation Using Pulsating HF Current Injection

Torque estimation in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is highly desirable in many applications. Torque produced by a PMSM depends on the permanent magnets' (PM) flux and dq-axis inductances. Consequently, precise knowledge of these parameters is required for proper torque estimation. This paper proposes the use of a high frequency (HF) signal for PM flux and dq-axis inductances estimation. The HF signals will be injected in the stator via inverter superposed on top of the fundamental excitation. Appealing properties of this method include operation in real time, without interference with the normal operation of the machine and independent of machine working condition. ’
An Upper Limb Kinematic Graphical Model for the Prediction of Anthropomorphic Arm Trajectories

This study approaches the use of Bayesian networks to model the human arm movement in an anthropomorphic manner for the control of an upper limb assistive robot. The model receives as input a desired wrist position and outputs three angles, the swivel angle (i.e. the angle that represents the rotation of the plane formed by the upper and lower arm around the axis that passes through the shoulder and wrist) and two angles corresponding to two degrees of freedom of the sternoclavicular joint (elevation/depression and protraction/retraction). These angles, together with the wrist position, fully describe the position of the shoulder and the elbow. A set of recording sessions was conducted to acquire human motion data to train the model for four different activities of daily living. Performance was measured by the elbow and shoulder joints' end-point errors and Pearson's r. The model was able to predict accurately elbow movement (mean error $\pmb{0.021}\pm\ \pmb{0.020}\mathbf{m}$, Pearson's $r$ 0.86-0.99) and shoulder movement (mean error $\pmb{0.014}\pm \pmb{0.011}\mathbf{m}$, Pearson's $r$ 0.52-0.99) for wrist trajectories that fall in the set of training data. It was also able to create new motions that were not in the set of training data, with a better accuracy for the elbow joint (mean error $\pmb{0.042}\pm \pmb{0.025}\mathbf{m}$, Pearson's $r$ 0.59-0.99) and an average accuracy for the shoulder joint (mean error $\pmb{ 0.026}\pm \pmb{0.012}\mathbf{m}$, Pearson's r −0.12-0.99). The proposed model presents a novel method to solve the inverse kinematics problem in the scope of the human upper limb. It can also create movement out of its training data, although not highly correlated with the trajectory performed by a human.
A STUDY ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF PHOTOVOLTIC ARRAYS USING SINGLE DIODE METHOD

This paper presents a method of modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays. The main objective of this study is to achieve a circuit based simulation model of a photovoltaic cell and to scrutinize the results and compare them with respect to change in environmental parameters like irradiation and temperature. The proposed method of single diode model is implemented in MATLAB software based on the particular environmental condition. And on the basis of this study simulation results and ideal theoretical values are compared.
Glycinebetaine Biosynthesis in Response to Osmotic Stress Depends on Jasmonate Signaling in Watermelon Suspension Cells

Glycinebetaine is an important non-toxic osmoprotectant, which is accumulated in higher plants under various stresses. The biosynthesis of glycinebetaine achieved via is a two-step oxidation from choline and betaine aldehyde, catalyzed by choline monooxygenase (CMO) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), respectively. Up-regulated gene expression of BADH and CMO induced by stress is clearly observed, but the signal transduction is poorly understood. Here, glycinebetaine accumulation in response to osmotic stress and growth recovery induced by exogenous glycinebetaine were observed in a watermelon cell line. When tracing back to the genome sequence of watermelon, it shows that there exists only one member of ClCMO or ClBADH corresponding to glycinebetaine biosynthesis. Both genes harbor a CGTCA-motif in their promoter region which is involved in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-responsiveness. Amongst MeJA, Ethephon, abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA), MeJA was most effective in gene inducing the expression of ClCMO and ClBADH, and the accumulation of glycinebetaine could also reach an amount comparable to that after osmotic stress by mannitol. Moreover, when ibuprofen (IBU), a JA biosynthesis inhibitor, was pre-perfused into the cells before osmotic stress, glycinebetaine accumulation was suppressed significantly. Interestingly, newly grown cells can keep a high content of glycinebetaine when they are sub-cultured from osmotic stressed cells. This study suggests that osmotic stress induced glycinebetaine biosynthesis occurs via JA signal transduction and not only plays a key role in osmotic stress resistance but also contributes to osmotic stress hardening.
An Initial Step Towards Organ Transplantation Based on GitHub Repository

Organ transplantation, which is the utilization of codes directly related to some specific functionalities to complete one’s own program, provides more convenience for developers than the traditional component reuse. However, recent techniques are challenged with the lack of organs for transplantation. Hence, we conduct an empirical study on extracting organs from GitHub repository to explore transplantation based on large-scale data set. We analyze statistics from 12 representative GitHub projects and get the conclusion that 1) there are abundant practical organs existing in commits with “add” as a key word in the comments; 2) organs in this repository mainly possess four kinds of contents; and 3) approximately 70% of the organs are easy-to-transplant. Implementing our transplantation strategy for different kinds of organs, we manually extract 30 organs in three different programming languages, namely Java, Python, and C, and make unit tests for them utilizing four testing tools (two for Java, one for Python, and one for C). At last, we transplant three Java organs into a specific platform for a performance check to verify whether they can work well in the new system. All the 30 organs extracted by our strategy possess good performances in unit test with the highest passing rate reaching 97% and the lowest one still passing 80% and the three Java organs work well in the new system, providing three new functionalities for the host. All the results indicate the feasibility of organ transplantation based on open-source repository, bringing new idea for code reuse.
High Data Rate Discrete Wavelet Transform-Based PLC-VLC Design for 5G Communication Systems

The hybrid power line communication (PLC) and visible light communication (VLC) systems can be effectively utilized for the efficient design of 5G communication setup. However, each of these integrated communication media is not primarily meant for the specific purpose of data communication, as PLC and VLC have historically served to transfer electrical energy transfer and light, respectively. With the advent of high flickering rate light emitting diodes and efficient multiplexing/modulation schemes, both technologies are observed as potential data communication carriers. Therefore, this paper presents a novel approach for modifying the modulation technique in accordance with the channel requirements of a hybrid PLC-VLC-based 5G communication systems. We provide a thorough analysis of the research work done to co-use these two technologies for data communication, suggest some exciting applications of integrated PLC-VLC systems and propose discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to tune the physical parameters as per the hybrid channel characteristics. Theoretical and simulation bit-error-rate results exhibit that DWT-OFDM outperforms an OFDM-based PLC-VLC system. The proposed hybrid system can be used to design smart buildings where indoor/intra-building connectivity is maintained by VLC whereas inter-building networking based on PLC communication.
Modeling Emotional Valence Integration From Voice and Touch

In the context of designing multimodal social interactions for Human–Computer Interaction and for Computer–Mediated Communication, we conducted an experimental study to investigate how participants combine voice expressions with tactile stimulation to evaluate emotional valence (EV). In this study, audio and tactile stimuli were presented separately, and then presented together. Audio stimuli comprised positive and negative voice expressions, and tactile stimuli consisted of different levels of air jet tactile stimulation performed on the arm of the participants. Participants were asked to evaluate communicated EV on a continuous scale. Information Integration Theory was used to model multimodal valence perception process. Analyses showed that participants generally integrated both sources of information to evaluate EV. The main integration rule was averaging rule. The predominance of a modality over the other modality was specific to each individual.
Train-to-train Communication Resource Allocation Scheme for Train Control System

The train-to-train (T2T) communication for train control system can improve spectrum efficiency, but at the same time it may interfere with existing train-ground (T2G) communications. In order to control this interference and improve the stability of the T2T communication connection, this paper proposes a T2T communication resource allocation scheme applied to the train control system uplink. The scheme firstly uses Stackelberg game to control the power, and then introduces a weighting factor based on proportional fairness in the process of resource allocation. Under the premise of guaranteeing Quality of Service (QoS) demands of T2G and T2T communication, it can make the T2T communication users still have good stability when passing the edge of the cell. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can enhance the overall performance of the train control system, and effectively improve the fairness of T2T communication and the success rate of T2T communication connection establishment.