Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluctuations in serum levels of adalimumab and infliximab in patients on stable treatment for psoriasis

Many patients with psoriasis fail to respond to biologic drugs either initially or lose response over time, the latter having predominantly been linked to low circulating drug levels. We examined how serum drug levels varied over three treatment cycles of stable maintenance therapy with either adalimumab or infliximab among a total of 28 patients with psoriasis (22 men, mean age 48.6 years, mean treatment time 6.2 years) and whether there was an association with various patient‐specific factors. The range for all concentrations was 1.1 to 24.3 μg/mL for adalimumab and 0.0 to 180.6 μg/mL for infliximab. There was a consistent inverse association between body mass index (BMI) and trough and maximum serum concentrations of adalimumab (P < .05 for all comparisons) and a positive, less consistent, association between age and maximum serum concentration of infliximab (P < .05 for both comparisons). Patient‐specific factors, such as BMI and age, can help predict fluctuations in serum concentrations of biologics used for psoriasis.
p21WAF1 is required for butyrate-mediated growth inhibition of human colon cancer cells

A diet high in fiber is associated with a decreased incidence and growth of colon cancers. Butyrate, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid product of fiber fermentation within the colon, appears to mediate these salutary effects. We sought to determine the molecular mechanism by which butyrate mediates growth inhibition of colonic cancer cells and thereby to elucidate the molecular link between a high-fiber diet and the arrest of colon carcinogenesis. We show that concomitant with growth arrest, butyrate induces p21 mRNA expression in an immediate-early fashion, through transactivation of a promoter cis-element(s) located within 1.4 kb of the transcriptional start site, independent of p53 binding. Studies using the specific histone hyperacetylating agent, trichostatin A, and histone deacetylase 1 indicate that growth arrest and p21 induction occur through a mechanism involving histone hyperacetylation. We show the critical importance of p21 in butyrate-mediated growth arrest by first confirming that stable overexpression of the p21 gene is able to cause growth arrest in the human colon carcinoma cell line, HT-29. Furthermore, using p21-deleted HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells, we provide convincing evidence that p21 is required for growth arrest to occur in response to histone hyperacetylation, but not for serum starvation nor postconfluent growth. Thus, p21 appears to be a critical effector of butyrate-induced growth arrest in colonic cancer cells, and may be an important molecular link between a high-fiber diet and the prevention of colon carcinogenesis.
Promising Scaffold-Free Approaches in Translational Dentistry

Regenerative medicine has recently improved the principal therapies in several medical fields. In the past ten years, the continuous search for novel approaches to treat the most common dental pathologies has developed a new branch called regenerative dentistry. The main research fields of translational dentistry involve biomimetic materials, orally derived stem cells, and tissue engineering to populate scaffolds with autologous stem cells and bioactive growth factors. The scientific literature has reported two main research trends in regenerative dentistry: scaffold-based and scaffold-free approaches. This article aims to critically review the main biological properties of scaffold-free regenerative procedures in dentistry. The most impactful pros and cons of the exosomes, the leading role of hypoxia-based mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and the strategic use of heat shock proteins in regenerative dentistry will be highlighted and discussed in terms of the use of such tools in dental regeneration and repair.
Book Review:Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy in Biochemistry, Biology, and Medicine. Frank S. Parker

Find loads of the applications of infrared spectroscopy in biochemistry biology and medicine book catalogues in this site as the choice of you visiting this page. You can also join to the website book library that will show you numerous books from any types. Literature, science, politics, and many more catalogues are presented to offer you the best book to find. The book that really makes you feels satisfied. Or that's the book that will save you from your job deadline.
Effects of coral bleaching on tissue regeneration potential and colony survival

We assessed the influence of coral 'bleaching on the regenerative potential of corals in a senes of field expenments with artificial lesions on colony surfaces These lesions were made dunng a mass bleaching event in 1990 on normally coloured and bleached colonies of 3 species A4ontastrea annulans, the main reef-building coral in the Caribbean Por~ tes astreo~des, a relatively conmon and opportunistic coral, and Meandr~na meandntes, a species common on the deeper reef slope Regeneration charactenshcs studied included rate of tissue growth, recovery of lesion area and restoration of hssue colour Tissue regenerahon rates were lower in all species when companng bleached with unbleached colonies, although there were species-specific differences Long-tern~ exposure to increased temperature probably affects regeneration as bleached colonies of P as t reo~des in the thermal effluent of a power plant regenerated as rapidly as normal colonies situated upcurrent and downcurrent of the power plant Colour recovery of bleached colonies was closely associated with seawater temperature When ambient seawater temperature started to decrease (<3OoC), colonies began to regain thelr normal colour Colour restoration was slowest in M annu la r~s Normal colour of coral colonies in the power plant effluent returned at the same t~rne , but at temperatures 2°C hlgher than elsewhere on the reef Mortality on bleached colonies of M annulans and P as t reo~des was hlgher than on normal colonies 131 d after the start of the regeneration expenments Large parts of the colony died when the tissue was already regalning its normal colour and lesion regeneration was almost completed Mortality was most severe for colonies In the effluent We recorded the sensitivity of coral species to bleaching in surveys over the reef downcurrent and upcurrent of the power plant These showed that community structure and colony condit~on on the shallow terrace downcurrent differed noticeably from the upcurrent site Downcurrent, specles diversity was lower malnly because of high densi t~es of Pontes as t reo~des and D~plona stngosa Bleaching was also more prominent downcurrent The decreased regeneration rates and increased mortality of bleached colonies (in Montastrea annular~s in 30 % of the colonies), dunng and subsequent to bleaching clearly Indicate the increased vulnerability of coral reefs dunng penods of thermal stress Coral reef management should consider limiting activities resulting in small lesions under penods of Increased environmental stress
Do endogenous seasonal cycles of food intake influence foraging behaviour and intake by grazing sheep

Summary 1. Large herbivores living in temperate regions show different degrees of seasonal biological variation, including voluntary food intake (VFI). The decline of VFI in winter has been hypothesized to be an evolved response to lower food availability or quality, which can act as an internal constraint on food intake. 2. The hypotheses were tested that (i) animals that have a greater inherent seasonal variation of VFI, measured indoors under ad libitum conditions, would also have a greater seasonal variation in intake and grazing behaviour under field conditions, and (ii) greater seasonal variation in intake and grazing behaviour under field conditions would be expressed at a higher level of food availability. 3. The intake and grazing behaviour in summer and winter, of three breeds of sheep, were compared at two levels of food availability (at pasture heights of 3·7 and 5·4 cm). The breeds were known to have contrasting degrees of seasonal variation in food intake when fed ad libitum ; the VFI of the Shetland (SH) and Scottish Blackface (BF) sheep varies greatly between seasons whereas that of the Dorset Horn (DH) is less seasonally variable. 4. All three breeds consistently increased their rates of biting and duration of grazing activity in the winter, taking many more smaller bites each day than in the summer, and both digestibility and intake were lower in winter than in summer. 5. Contrary to expectation, the DH ewes had the highest seasonal difference of dry matter intake at pasture, whereas the SH breed had the lowest variation of intake between seasons. 6. This experiment provides no evidence that differences between seasons in intake and foraging behaviour in the field vary with the animals’ degree of endogenous seasonal variation in VFI. Variation between seasons was consistent at both levels of resource availability, suggesting that it resulted from seasonal changes in food quality (digestibility) rather than biomass availability. It is not easy to extrapolate from laboratory feeding studies, where animals’ own physiological constraints apply, to foraging ecology in the field, where constraints imposed by the environment may be more important.
Comparative Cerebroprotective Potential of d- and l-Carnosine Following Ischemic Stroke in Mice

l-carnosine is an attractive therapeutic agent for acute ischemic stroke based on its robust preclinical cerebroprotective properties and wide therapeutic time window. However, large doses are needed for efficacy because carnosine is rapidly degraded in serum by carnosinases. The need for large doses could be particularly problematic when translating to human studies, as humans have much higher levels of serum carnosinases. We hypothesized that d-carnosine, which is not a substrate for carnosinases, may have a better pharmacological profile and may be more efficacious at lower doses than l-carnosine. To test our hypothesis, we explored the comparative pharmacokinetics and neuroprotective properties of d- and L-carnosine in acute ischaemic stroke in mice. We initially investigated the pharmacokinetics of d- and L-carnosine in serum and brain after intravenous (IV) injection in mice. We then investigated the comparative efficacy of d- and l-carnosine in a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia followed by in vitro testing against excitotoxicity and free radical generation using primary neuronal cultures. The pharmacokinetics of d- and l-carnosine were similar in serum and brain after IV injection in mice. Both d- and l-carnosine exhibited similar efficacy against mouse focal cerebral ischemia. In vitro studies in neurons showed protection against excitotoxicity and the accumulation of free radicals. d- and l-carnosine exhibit similar pharmacokinetics and have similar efficacy against experimental stroke in mice. Since humans have far higher levels of carnosinases, d-carnosine may have more favorable pharmacokinetics in future human studies.
Expanding the evolutionary explanations for sex differences in the human skeleton

While the anatomy and physiology of human reproduction differ between the sexes, the effects of hormones on skeletal growth do not. Human bone growth depends on estrogen. Greater estrogen produced by ovaries causes bones in female bodies to fuse before males' resulting in sex differences in adult height and mass. Female pelves expand more than males' due to estrogen and relaxin produced and employed by the tissues of the pelvic region and potentially also due to greater internal space occupied by female gonads and genitals. Evolutionary explanations for skeletal sex differences (aka sexual dimorphism) that focus too narrowly on big competitive men and broad birthing women must account for the adaptive biology of skeletal growth and its dependence on the developmental physiology of reproduction. In this case, dichotomizing evolution into proximate‐ultimate categories may be impeding the progress of human evolutionary science, as well as enabling the popular misunderstanding and abuse of it.
Spatial variations in egg density and the intensity of parasitism in a neotropical chrysomelid (Cephaloleia consanguinea)

Abstract. 1 The chrysomelid beetle, Cephaloleia consanguinea (Hispinae), is a monophagous herbivore of Heliconia imbricata (Zingiberales: Heliconiaceae) in wet lowland forests of eastern Costa Rica. 2 Within the study area parasitism by eulophids and trichogrammatids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), the most common source of C. consanguinea egg mortality, varied in intensity from 35% to 50% during 1974–77. 3 Spatial relationships between the probability of parasitism and egg density per leaf were the net result of two opposing trends. The probability of at least one egg on an egg‐bearing H. imbricata leaf being encountered and parasitized (here termed a ‘discovery’ of that leaf by parasitoids) increased significantly as egg density per leaf increased. The conditional probability of parasitism for other eggs present, given an attack on one egg, decreased with increasing egg density. 4 The net result was a decrease in the overall probability of parasitism as egg density per leaf increased. Host aggregation appears beneficial in reducing the intensity of parasitoid attacks. 5 Despite this inverse relationship between the overall probability of parasitism and egg density per leaf, a model based on the binomial distribution provides a good description of the spatial aspects of this host—parasitoid interaction.
Diversity and distribution of indigenous soybean-nodulating rhizobia in the Okinawa islands, Japan

Abstract We investigated the genetic diversity and field distribution of indigenous soybean-nodulating rhizobia in the Okinawa islands, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of their 16S rDNA regions and 16S–23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. We collected rhizobia from four sites on Okinawa Island, one on Miyako Island and one on Ishigaki Island, isolating 360 strains from soybean cultivars with three Rj-genotypes, Akishirome or Bragg (non-Rj), CNS (Rj 2 Rj 3) and Hill or Fukuyutaka (Rj 4), planted with soil from each field site. Phylogenies of all isolates were analyzed by PCR-RFLP with Bradyrhizobium and Sinorhizobium USDA strains as reference strains. The PCR-RFLP analysis of 16S rDNA and the ITS regions revealed the dominance of Bradyrhizobium elkanii strains in acidic Okinawa soils, Miyako soil and Ishigaki soil, and the dominance of Sinorhizobium fredii strains in alkaline Okinawa soils. To detect phaAB genes, which are components of K+ efflux systems similar to Na+/H+ antiporters involved with alkaliphilic traits, we conducted Southern hybridization with a phaAB gene probe. Specific signals were observed in all representative S. fredii strains isolated from Okinawa alkaline soils, but not in any representative Bradyrhizobium strains.
The Significance of Root Starch in Post-fire Shoot Recovery of the Resprouter Stirlingia latifolia R. Br. (Proteaceae)

Abstract Stirlingia latifolia, a common shrub of Banksia woodlands of SW Australia, is a highly successful resprouter species recovering from fire by multiple sprouting of new shoots from its upper root stock. in comparison with the congeneric fire-sensitive (obligate seeder) species Stirlingia tenuifolia it exhibits a low shoot:root dry weight ratio and high concentrations of stored starch in the cortical tissue of its roots. The relationship between root reserves of starch and development of newly sprouting shoot material following fire is examined in S. latifolia after spring and summer burns. During the initial 2-5 month period after fire, levels of stored starch in the roots fall by 50-75%, followed by a slow increase as plants reproduce and the attainment of pre-fire starch levels by 1·5-2 years after the fire. Starch reserves of roots can be further reduced by shading the regenerating shoots to limit their input of photosynthates and almost totally eliminated by monthly removal of successive flushes of new shoots over a 10-12 month period. New shoots continue to sprout until all the starch is eliminated. The data are discussed in relation to the fire-induced reproduction of S. latifolia and its ability to thrive in very frequently burnt habitats.
Identification of Sudan III-(deoxy)-guanosine adducts formed in situ in a reaction with no catalyst

Incubation of guanosine and Sudan III induces the formation of a stable adduct, which may be identified using a spectrophotometric technique and mass spectroscopy. The high nucleophilicity of the C8 position and its proximity to N7 makes the site susceptible to a nucleophilic attack, which explains the SN2 reaction detected between guanosine and Sudan III dye. In addition, direct interaction of Sudan III with calf thymus DNA was monitored using a simple spectrophotometric technique. The results presented indicate that a simple modification of the chemical structure of Sudan I (monoazo dye) to Sudan III (diazo dye) markedly alters reactivity towards nitrogenous DNA bases.
Exploring Potentially Abusive Ethical, Social and Political Implications of Mixed Reality Research in HCI

In recent years, Mixed Reality (MR) headsets have increasingly made advances in terms of capability, affordability and end-user adoption, slowly becoming everyday technology. HCI research typically explores positive aspects of these technologies, focusing on interaction, presence and immersive experiences. However, such technological advances and paradigm shifts often fail to consider the "dark patterns", with potential abusive scenarios, made possible by new technologies (cf. smartphone addiction, social media anxiety disorder). While these topics are getting recent attention in related fields and with the general population, this workshop is aimed at starting an active exploration of abusive, ethical, social and political scenarios of MR research inside the HCI community. With an HCI lens, workshop participants will engage in critical reviews of emerging MR technologies and applications and develop a joint research agenda to address them.
Proto-Chair: Posture-Sensing Smart Furniture with 3D-Printed Auxetics

Public space/furniture are amongst the new domains to apply a data-driven approach of design intervention and improvements. Open space is essentially dynamic, livable and interactive. Various types of people spend time for various purposes. Therefore, the "Measure-Test-Refine" loop is applicable for improving open spaces gradually. In this research, we developed our original smart chair called "Proto-Chair" that can contribute to the new design method of public space. Our chair is made with 3D-printed soft auxetic patterns. It is morphable allowing users to sit in various ways. Also, our chair is equipped with two sensors, which collect data stream to distinguish four different states of the chair. Long-term sensor stream can be stored and used to refine the furniture. In this paper, we propose our concept, prototypes, sensing methods and results of experiments. We also introduce our future vision of a sensor-based public design platform.
Effect of Cultivar, Environment, and Their Interaction and Stability Analyses on Milling and Baking Quality of Soft Red Winter Wheat 1

The effect of cultivar, environment, and their interactions on soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) quality has never been determinated in the southeastern United States. In this study, 22 soft wheat cultivars and 2 hard wheat cultivars were grown in 12 southeastern environments in a randomized complete block design having two replications. Flour yield, whole grain protein percent, particle size index, and alkaline water retention capacity were measured. Highly significant differences were detected among environments and cultivars for each of the quality variables. The cultivar ✕ environment interaction was highly significant for all variables. Cultivars with good soft wheat quality and good stability were identified. The cultivar means from an environment were generally highly significantly correlated with the regional cultivar means indicating that for preliminary quality evaluations, data from one environment is sufficient for ranking cultivars.
ReCog: Supporting Blind People in Recognizing Personal Objects

We present ReCog, a mobile app that enables blind users to recognize objects by training a deep network with their own photos of such objects. This functionality is useful to differentiate personal objects, which cannot be recognized with pre-trained recognizers and may lack distinguishing tactile features. To ensure that the objects are well-framed in the captured photos, ReCog integrates a camera-aiming guidance that tracks target objects and instructs the user through verbal and sonification feedback to appropriately frame them. We report a two-session study with 10 blind participants using ReCog for object training and recognition, with and without guidance. We show that ReCog enables blind users to train and recognize their personal objects, and that camera-aiming guidance helps novice users to increase their confidence, achieve better accuracy, and learn strategies to capture better photos.
Workshop on Detection and Design for Cognitive Biases in People and Computing Systems

With social computing systems and algorithms having been shown to give rise to unintended consequences, one of the suspected success criteria is their ability to integrate and utilize people's inherent cognitive biases. Biases can be present in users, systems and their contents. With HCI being at the forefront of designing and developing user-facing computing systems, we bear special responsibility for increasing awareness of potential issues and working on solutions to mitigate problems arising from both intentional and unintentional effects of cognitive biases. This workshop brings together designers, developers, and thinkers across disciplines to redefine computing systems by focusing on inherent biases in people and systems and work towards a research agenda to mitigate their effects. By focusing on cognitive biases from content or system as well as from a human perspective, this workshop will sketch out blueprints for systems that contribute to advancing technology and media literacy, building critical thinking skills, and depolarization by design.
Robocalling: STIRRED AND SHAKEN! - An Investigation of Calling Displays on Trust and Answer Rates

Billions of robocalls annually have undermined the public's trust in the entire phone system. New functionality, called STIR/SHAKEN (S/S), hopes to help fix this issue by detecting whether a call is coming from the number it says it is. However, due to the nature of the system, at first only a portion of calls would go through the S/S system. This led us to question whether presenting this information would confuse users more than help. In this paper, we detail the results of online surveys, in-person interviews, and a lab-based simulation. The research recommends "Valid Number" for the label on the display and found that even with only 30% of calls being validated, S/S increased trust, answer frequency and consumer satisfaction. Based on these results, the launch of S/S could positively affect the current phone system and re-establish consumer trust.