Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-Degree-of-Freedom H$\infty$ Robust Control Optimization for the IPT System With Parameter Perturbations

Robust control can maintain robust stability and robust performance for an inductive power transfer (IPT) system in a comparatively larger perturbation range of parameters. However, it ignores the transient performance requirements and influence of open-loop properties on a resulting controller. So a method of improving two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) H$\infty$ robust control for the IPT system is proposed. Based on the generalized state-space averaged model, the distribution of poles and zeroes under mutual-inductance and load perturbations with a bounded range is investigated in detail. An expected closed-loop transfer function is added in a 2DOF control structure with a prefilter and feedback controller, to introduce the transient performance requirements. Then, a generalized plant including the model of the IPT system is defined and its state-space realization for standard robust control configuration is also derived. Finally, controllers with different performances are designed referring to the mutual-inductance and load features. Simulation and experiment results show that the 2DOF H$\infty$ robust controller designed with parameters that maximize the modulus value of a dominant pole can reach the prescribed performances for the IPT system, with settling time and overshoot of no more than 5 ms and 2% in startup and reference tracking processes, and restoring time of no more than 5 ms when parameter perturbation occurs.
Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) : Anwendung in der Psychiatrie und Neurologie

as übergeordnete Ziel der psychiatrischen und neurologischen Behandlung ist, Aktivität und Partizipation von Patienten zu fördern (1, 2). Um die Wirksamkeit und Effektivität der Behandlung zu erheben, ist es unabdingbar, standardisierte, valide und sensitive Evaluationsinstrumente zu verwenden (3–5). Das AMPS (6, 7) ist ein Beobachtungsinstrument, welches die Fähigkeit einer Person misst, Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens (ADL), mit denen sie vertraut ist, durchzuführen. Das AMPS wurde interkulturell entwickelt und inkludiert derzeit 125 standardisierte ADL-Aufgaben, welche international zu den am häufigsten durchgeführten basalen und erweiterten ADL zählen (8). Das AMPS besteht aus 16 motorischen und 20 prozessbezogenen Performanzfertigkeiten (d.h. Items), die anhand der standardisierten Aufgaben bei jedem handlungsfähigen Patienten beobachtet werden können. Eine AMPS-trainierte Ergotherapeutin beurteilt die beobachtbare Qualität der Ausführung von ADL eines Patienten bei mindestens zwei Aufgaben. Die motorischen oder prozessbezogenen ADL-Fertigkeiten sind zum Beispiel, ein Glas «auszuwählen», «zu greifen nach» einem Glas und so weiter. Die Ausführungsqualität wird bei jedem Item beurteilt in Bezug auf die Zunahme der physischen Anstrengung, auf das Nachlassen von Effizienz und Sicherheit sowie auf die Häufigkeit von verbaler oder physischer Hilfe.
Intracellular mechanism by which genotoxic stress activates yeast SAPK Mpk1

Stress-activated MAP kinases (SAPKs) respond to a wide variety of stressors. In most cases, the pathways through which specific stress signals are transmitted to the SAPKs are not known. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SAPK Mpk1 (Slt2) is a well-characterized component of the cell-wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway, which responds to physical and chemical challenges to the cell wall. However, Mpk1 is also activated in response to genotoxic stress through an unknown pathway. We show that, in contrast to cell-wall stress, the pathway for Mpk1 activation by genotoxic stress does not involve the stimulation of the MAP kinase kinases (MEKs) that function immediately upstream of Mpk1. Instead, DNA damage activates Mpk1 through induction of proteasomal degradation of Msg5, the dual-specificity protein phosphatase principally responsible for maintaining Mpk1 in a low-activity state in the absence of stress. Blocking Msg5 degradation in response to genotoxic stress prevented Mpk1 activation. This work raises the possibility that other Mpk1-activating stressors act intracellularly at different points along the canonical Mpk1 activation pathway.
A Systematic Review of Self-Report Measures of Paranoia

Paranoia can be conceptualized as consisting of a hierarchy of cognitions, ranging from commonly experienced thoughts about less severe perceived threats, up to less common, persecutory thoughts about extreme threats, which are associated with distressing psychosis. This review systematically appraises self-report paranoia questionnaires validated for use among the general population; the type of paranoia assessed, measurement or psychometric properties, and subsequent validation with clinical samples are all considered. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases. Study methodologies and measurement properties were evaluated according to COnsenus-based Standards for the selection of health-based Measurement Instruments (Mokkink et al., 2012). Twenty-six studies, describing the validation of nine paranoia-related questionnaires, were identified. Questionnaires were reviewed in relation to the hierarchy of paranoia; with 2 questionnaires assessing “low-level” paranoia, 4 assessing persecutory thoughts, and the remainder assessing paranoia across this continua. Questionnaires assessing the full hierarchy of paranoid thoughts, alongside associated dimensions such as preoccupation, conviction, and distress, offer the most comprehensive assessment of paranoia in both nonclinical and clinical populations. Of the measures which do this, the Green et al. (2008) Paranoid Thoughts Scale had the strongest evidence for its measurement properties and is, therefore, recommended as the most reliable and valid self-report assessment of paranoia currently available. However, this review illustrated that generally paranoia questionnaires lack high quality evidence for their measurement properties. Implications of these findings for clinical practice and research are discussed.
Effects of Emergency Department Physical Design Elements on Security, Wayfinding, Visibility, Privacy, and Efficiency and Its Implications on Staff Satisfaction and Performance

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the role of emergency department (ED) design on ED staff satisfaction and performance. Background: High patient volume, surging workloads, and violent behaviors are expected pressures for ED staff. Literature suggests the substantial role of the physical environment in the delivery of care and its role in staff and patient experiences. Nevertheless, limited studies have explored simultaneous interactions between ED physical design elements, attributes (security, wayfinding, visibility, privacy, and efficiency), and staff satisfaction or performance. Method: Interviews, surveys, visibility graph analysis, and agent simulations were employed to understand the connection between ED physical design, attributes, performance, and staff satisfaction. Results: Enhanced security, effective wayfinding, team visibility, noise reduction, adequate privacy, and accessible supplies and equipment were significant predictors of staff satisfaction and performance. Unobstructed views in waiting and triage and controlled entrances were critical for improving security. To improve wayfinding, eye-level signage, reducing surveillance obstacles, and creating direct public routes were recommended. Rectangular units with multiple perpendicularly connected corridors and linear pod arrangements enhanced movement. Including team rooms and enclosed ERs were recommended for privacy improvements. Visibility was critical for team communication and improved by including short-distanced perpendicular corridors and eliminating columns. Enhancing access to supplies or equipment and reducing noise levels improved the perception of staff efficiency. Conclusion: The findings contribute to the general body of knowledge on the impact of ED physical design on attributes that potentially improve staff satisfaction and work performance.
Marital Satisfaction and Mortality in the United States Adult Population

Objective: The present study examined the association between marital satisfaction and all-cause mortality in a large, representative sample of American adults. Gender was evaluated as a potential moderator of this association. Method: Ratings of marital satisfaction from married adults <90 years of age (N = 19,246) were extracted from the 1978 – 2010 waves of the General Social Survey and linked to mortality data from the National Death Index. Discrete-time survival analysis was used to evaluate the association between marital satisfaction and mortality. Results: After statistically adjusting for demographic variables, the odds of dying for married individuals who described their marriage as very happy or pretty happy were significantly lower than the odds of dying for married individuals who described their marriage as not too happy. The association between marital satisfaction and mortality was not moderated by gender. Conclusions: The significant prospective association between marital satisfaction and mortality suggests that reducing marital dissatisfaction may increase longevity. Further longitudinal research is warranted to (a) replicate the current findings, and (b) evaluate whether increasing marital satisfaction through clinical intervention increases longevity.
Design Automation for Smart Building Systems

Smart buildings today are aimed at providing safe, healthy, comfortable, affordable, and beautiful spaces in a carbon and energy-efficient way. They are emerging as complex cyber–physical systems with humans in the loop. Cost, the need to cope with increasing functional complexity, flexibility, fragmentation of the supply chain, and time-to-market pressure are rendering the traditional heuristic and ad hoc design paradigms inefficient and insufficient for the future. In this paper, we present a platform-based methodology for smart building design. Platform-based design (PBD) promotes the reuse of hardware and software on shared infrastructures, enables rapid prototyping of applications, and involves extensive exploration of the design space to optimize design performance. In this paper, we identify, abstract, and formalize components of smart buildings, and present a design flow that maps high-level specifications of desired building applications to their physical implementations under the PBD framework. A case study on the design of on-demand heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems is presented to demonstrate the use of PBD.
Precision and False Perceptual Inference

Accurate perceptual inference fundamentally depends upon accurate beliefs about the reliability of sensory data. In this paper, we describe a Bayes optimal and biologically plausible scheme that refines these beliefs through a gradient descent on variational free energy. To illustrate this, we simulate belief updating during visual foraging and show that changes in estimated sensory precision (i.e., confidence in visual data) are highly sensitive to prior beliefs about the contents of a visual scene. In brief, confident prior beliefs induce an increase in estimated precision when consistent with sensory evidence, but a decrease when they conflict. Prior beliefs held with low confidence are rapidly updated to posterior beliefs, determined by sensory data. These induce much smaller changes in beliefs about sensory precision. We argue that pathologies of scene construction may be due to abnormal priors, and show that these can induce a reduction in estimated sensory precision. Having previously associated this precision with cholinergic signaling, we note that several neurodegenerative conditions are associated with visual disturbances and cholinergic deficits; notably, the synucleinopathies. On relating the message passing in our model to the functional anatomy of the ventral visual stream, we find that simulated neuronal loss in temporal lobe regions induces confident, inaccurate, empirical prior beliefs at lower levels in the visual hierarchy. This provides a plausible, if speculative, computational mechanism for the loss of cholinergic signaling and the visual disturbances associated with temporal lobe Lewy body pathology. This may be seen as an illustration of the sorts of hypotheses that may be expressed within this computational framework.
Black and Proud: The Story of an Iconic AFL Photo

It is one of Australia's most iconic images. On 17 April 1993, the Indigenous AFL footballer Nicky Winmar stood up against racial abuse and made history. Facing the Collingwood crowd that had taunted him all day the St Kilda player pulled up his shirt, pointed to his chest and declared: 'I'm black and I'm proud to be black'. Published the next day, the photos of Winmar's gesture sparked an intense debate that forced the AFL, the fans and the nation to confront their prejudices head-on. Black and Proud takes us behind the searing image to the stories of those who made it happen - the Indigenous team-mates Nicky Winmar and Gilbert McAdam and the two photographers, Wayne Ludbey and John Feder. Bound by a love of the game, the four were brought together by acts of courage and vilification that show how far we have come and just how far we have to go. '17 April 1993 provided our most powerful image of Uncle Nicky and this book takes us to the stories behind it. These stories are courageous, inspiring, intimate and eye-opening. This is a book all Australians need to read. ' - Adam Goodes Winner of the Multicultural NSW Award at the 2015 NSW Premier's Literary Awards. Winner of the Australian Society for Sport History Book Award.
Detection Against Linear Deception Attacks on Multi-Sensor Remote State Estimation

In this paper, a security problem in cyberphysical systems (CPS) is studied. A remote state estimation process using multiple sensors is considered. The measurement innovation packets from each sensor, which may be modified by a malicious attacker, are sent to a remote fusion center through wireless communication channels. To avoid being detected by typical bad data detectors at the remote estimator's side, the attacker would maintain the statistical properties of the measurements. Based on the information extracted from the trusted sensors and the correlations between the trusted sensors and the suspicious sensors, we propose three sequential data verification and fusion procedures for different detection information scenarios. The corresponding impacts of possible attacking patterns on the estimation performance under different detectors are analyzed explicitly. Simulations are provided to illustrate the developed results.
Special Populations in Clinical Pharmacology Studies: Evolving Challenges

The clinical research industry is changing, and the number of protocols requiring specialty populations for early-phase clinical studies is increasing. In particular, the demand for studies on renal specialty populations has grown, given the prominent role of the renal system in excreting drugs from the body. Understanding the challenges associated with the use of specialty populations is critical to ensure that the study design will allow for the timely and successful completion of the project, while minimizing costs and safety risks.
An Academic Emotion Database and the Baseline Evaluation

Academic emotion is one of the important factors affecting learning effect, which exists on various learning situations. Realizing its automatical inference has a significant meaning for educational field. Facial expression recognition (FER) is always selected as its basis. Nevertheless, the preconditions for FER include a high quality database with sufficient training samples, which is not available currently. In this paper, the previously developed facial expression databases are reviewed and a novel database is established. It includes spontaneous facial expressions of five common academic emotions. 30,184 images from 82 students are included, which are collected in a real online learning environment. Both participants themselves and trained coders are invited to label the samples. The reliability of the encoding is validated by Fleiss's kappa 0.867 and Cohen's kappa 0.943, which is good. For baseline evaluation, two kinds of recognition algorithms are employed with 10-fold cross-validation over participants. One is the combination of different feature extraction technologies and classifiers and the other is Convolution Neural Network (CNN). The best result is obtained by CNN with 0.877 accuracy. Such a database will certainly accelerate the application of affective computing in educational field.
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CV. Somatostatin Receptors: Structure, Function, Ligands, and New Nomenclature

Somatostatin, also known as somatotropin-release inhibitory factor, is a cyclopeptide that exerts potent inhibitory actions on hormone secretion and neuronal excitability. Its physiologic functions are mediated by five G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) called somatostatin receptor (SST)1–5. These five receptors share common structural features and signaling mechanisms but differ in their cellular and subcellular localization and mode of regulation. SST2 and SST5 receptors have evolved as primary targets for pharmacological treatment of pituitary adenomas and neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, SST2 is a prototypical GPCR for the development of peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. This review article summarizes findings published in the last 25 years on the physiology, pharmacology, and clinical applications related to SSTs. We also discuss potential future developments and propose a new nomenclature.
An Improved Distributed File System Based on GPU Acceleration

HDFS is a popular distributed file system, widely used in many commercial fields, which can store TB, even PB level data. Fast data reading and writing is the most important problem for HDFS. However, with the volume of data increasing sharply, the traditional HDFS, built on the PC cluster platform, is no longer suitable for fast data reading and writing. GPU is a highly parallel computing unit. Its power of calculation, reading and writing is hundreds of times as fast as CPU. Hence, this paper proposes an improved distributed file system, which uses GPU as an accelerator. Firstly, the improved HDFS uses GPU instead of CPU response data reading and writing requests. Secondly, the improved HDFS uses GPU’s cache as a buffer memory for data reading and writing. These two strategies significantly improve the performance of the distributed file system. The experimental results have proved the effectiveness of the improved algorithm.
Differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on microglial injury response and tauopathy

Significance Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. A rare hemizygous variant in a microglial-expressed gene, Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), significantly increases risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. This variant is thought to cause loss of function, inducing TREM2 haploinsufficiency. The ramifications of TREM2 haploinsufficiency on microglial function and tau pathology are major gaps in the field. We find that, in contrast to the protective effects of complete TREM2 deficiency, TREM2 haploinsufficiency exacerbates tau pathology, inflammation, and atrophy at a late stage of disease in a mouse model of tauopathy. The differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 are important considerations for TREM2-targeted therapeutic strategies. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, as well as microgliosis. Hemizygous missense variants in Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) are associated with elevated risk for developing late-onset AD. These variants are hypothesized to result in loss of function, mimicking TREM2 haploinsufficiency. However, the consequences of TREM2 haploinsufficiency on tau pathology and microglial function remain unknown. We report the effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on microglial function and tau-associated deficits. In vivo imaging revealed that microglia from aged TREM2-haploinsufficient mice show a greater impairment in their injury response compared with microglia from aged TREM2-KO mice. In transgenic mice expressing mutant human tau, TREM2 haploinsufficiency, but not complete loss of TREM2, increased tau pathology. In addition, whereas complete TREM2 deficiency protected against tau-mediated microglial activation and atrophy, TREM2 haploinsufficiency elevated expression of proinflammatory markers and exacerbated atrophy at a late stage of disease. The differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on microglial function and tau pathology provide important insights into the critical role of TREM2 in AD pathogenesis.
Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS).

INTRODUCTION Emotion regulation can be defined as the process by which individuals manage their emotional experience. It has been demonstrated that deficits in this ability are associated with various psychiatric disorders. In this direction, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) was developed to measure difficulties in emotion regulation. OBJECTIVE To examine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the DERS. METHOD A total of 377 individuals from the general population, selected by convenience, completed a sociodemographic form, the adapted Brazilian Portuguese DERS and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Factor structure, reliability, and concurrent validity of the adapted version of the instrument were investigated. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis replicated the six-factor structure originally proposed for the instrument and confirmed the acceptability of a hierarchical model where all DERS subscales loaded on a general emotion dysregulation factor. Internal consistency indicators had adequate values for the general factor and subscales. The positive association between DERS and DASS-21 scores supports the instrument's concurrent validity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the Brazilian version of the DERS is reliable both as a general measure of difficulties in emotion regulation and as a measure of the constituents of this construct. Future research should investigate the psychometric properties of the scale in clinical and nonclinical populations, with equal gender proportions and diverse backgrounds, and preferably employing longitudinal designs.
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Intrinsic Networks in Functional Magnetic Imaging Data Using Recurrent Neural Networks

We introduce a novel recurrent neural network (RNN) approach to account for temporal dynamics and dependencies in brain networks observed via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our approach directly parameterizes temporal dynamics through recurrent connections, which can be used to formulate blind source separation with a conditional (rather than marginal) independence assumption, which we call RNN-ICA. This formulation enables us to visualize the temporal dynamics of both first order (activity) and second order (directed connectivity) information in brain networks that are widely studied in a static sense, but not well-characterized dynamically. RNN-ICA predicts dynamics directly from the recurrent states of the RNN in both task and resting state fMRI. Our results show both task-related and group-differentiating directed connectivity.