Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strength training and changes in the dynamics of running economy

Cacek, J., Tomas, K. & Martin, D. (2014). Strength training and changes in the dynamics of running economy. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. , 9(Proc 1), pp.S467-S473. The aim of this study was to examine an acute effect of 4RM training and plyometric training (PT) on running economy (RE; O 2 consumption) in endurance runners during a 48 hour interval. Eight performance runners (age 25.4±1.4 years) completed a maximum strength training (4RM) of lower limbs (3 sets, rest 2 min, 5 exercises) and subsequently underwent a RE test on a treadmill (speed 8, 10 and 12 km·h -1 ) at three time intervals (0, +24 and +48 h) after the training. We found that the average VO 2 ·BM -1 ·min -1 and ΔVO 2 ·BM -1 ·min -1 at the given speed increased from baseline (a pretest 48 h before the strength intervention) by 2.3-5.6% and culminated after 24 h. These changes in RE after the strength intervention were not statistically significant, when compared to the pretest (48 h before the intervention). The second investigation was conducted in seven runners (age 25±1.6 years). This time the intervention was plyometric (7 sec load, rest 2 min, maximum intensity, 3 sets, 6 exercises on the dominant lower limb). We found that the average VO 2 ·BM -1 ·min -1 and ΔVO 2 ·BM -1 ·min -1 at given speeds at intervals 0, +24 and +48 h did not increase, when compared to the pretest (p < 0.05; max +1%). These minimal changes probably resulted from the design of the PT, which had not a sufficiently destructive effect on muscle cells. The comparison of these two investigations indicates a stronger (although statistically insignificant) deterioration of RE after 4RM training versus PT. Key words: OXYGEN UPTAKE, ACUTE EFFECT, PLYOMETRIC, MAXIMUM POWER.
Pay Sructures and Continuance Commitment in the Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

The study examined the effect of Pay Structures on Continuance Commitment in the Nigerian manufacturing industry. A total of 357employees were randomly drawn from a population of 3386 employees of the 31 manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire and oral interview. A total of 210 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved and analyzed. Spearman's Rank Correlation Statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that Pay Structures is significantly related to economic exchange and few alternatives. Based on these findings we concluded that Pay Structures has significant influence on Continuance Commitment. The study therefore recommends that management should utilize the rewards management programme which structures the base pay and compensation package, to attract and retain the right people to the organization.
Cygnet or ugly duckling – what makes the difference? A tale of heat-pump market developments in Sweden

Who can pick a winner? Since 1974, various types of targeted support have at different times been directed at the devel- opment of the heat pump market in Sweden - which in the following decades oscillated violently between soaring sales and collapse. Eventually, however, small heat pumps for space heating of residential buildings have in recent years securely established themselves as a mature and competi- tive technology within the Swedish energy system. This presentation portrays the events and actors that defined the formation and transformation processes of the heat pump market segment in Sweden, extracting pieces of experience that contribute to our improved understanding of how com- binations of policy instruments, their application and termi- nation, can affect whether a technology is perceived and received by the market as a handsome swan-to-be or no more than a simple duckling. Despite failing policies and markets, and despite contin- uously changing drivers in national energy policy, this tech- nology has now lived up to the expectations of its proponents of the 1970s. One part of the explanation is found in the unique composition of the Swedish electricity supply and energy mix. Another is the perseverance of im- portant key actors. A third part lies within the learning proc- ess that has taken place on the policy-making arena, and among manufacturers, installers, etc. Observations are made concerning the prospects for managing technical change. The evolution may be seen as an uncoordinated transition management process over 25-30 years. A coordinated effort might have produced better results, but it is not clear wheth- er it could have been sustained over such a long time period in changing organisational and political contexts. A number of evaluations of policy instruments used in ef- forts to manage heat pump development have been per- formed along the way. These provide important information about the course of transpired events. But it is noted that such documents are permeated by the context in which they were written. Their assumptions and results need to be read and interpreted accordingly.
The appearance, motion, and disappearance of three-dimensional magnetic null points

While theoretical models and simulations of magnetic reconnection often assume symmetry such that the magnetic null point when present is co-located with a flow stagnation point, the introduction of asymmetry typically leads to non-ideal flows across the null point. To understand this behavior, we present exact expressions for the motion of three-dimensional linear null points. The most general expression shows that linear null points move in the direction along which the magnetic field and its time derivative are antiparallel. Null point motion in resistive magnetohydrodynamics results from advection by the bulk plasma flow and resistive diffusion of the magnetic field, which allows non-ideal flows across topological boundaries. Null point motion is described intrinsically by parameters evaluated locally; however, global dynamics help set the local conditions at the null point. During a bifurcation of a degenerate null point into a null-null pair or the reverse, the instantaneous velocity of separation or convergence of the null-null pair will typically be infinite along the null space of the Jacobian matrix of the magnetic field, but with finite components in the directions orthogonal to the null space. Not all bifurcating null-null pairs are connected by a separator. Furthermore, except under special circumstances, there will not exist a straight line separator connecting a bifurcating null-null pair. The motion of separators cannot be described using solely local parameters because the identification of a particular field line as a separator may change as a result of non-ideal behavior elsewhere along the field line.
TF and TFPI in myeloproliferative neoplasms — a preliminary study

Introduction. Haemostatic disturbances such as thrombosis or diathesis are frequent complications in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), and thrombin–antithrombin (TAT) complexes in patients with MPNs. Patients and methods. The study involved 43 patients with MPNs (mean age 60.5 years), including 16 patients with essential thrombocythaemia, eight with polycythaemia vera, ten with chronic myeloid leukaemia, and nine with primary myelofibrosis. The control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers who were ageand sex-matched. TF, TFPI and TAT complexes concentration were measured using the immunoenzyme method. Results. TF and TAT complex concentrations were significantly higher, but the TFPI concentration was lower, in the total study group compared to the control group. TF concentration in each of the subgroups was significantly higher than in the control group. TFPI concentration was significantly lower in essential thrombocythaemia and polycythaemia vera than in controls. In addition, the concentration of TAT complex in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia was significantly higher than in the control group. Conclusions. Elevated TF levels and decreased TFPI levels in patients with essential thrombocythaemia and polycythaemia vera indicate the activation of blood coagulation process depending on the TF (an extrinsic pathway). These patients represent a group at high risk of thrombotic complications.
Lipases, Definition, and their Application

Esterase and lipase have been consisted of α/β hydroxylase super family that characterized primarily by their α/β hydroxylase fold (common fold), which is in the center, pre-dominantly parallel β-sheet and flanked via the connections of α-helical. Nucleophilic elbow is an esterases and lipases that shared the characteristic sequence motifs (GXSXG). The residues of these amino acids compose a triad of catalyse in the specific-order (serine – aspartic acid histidine) in the chain of polypeptide. Consequently, the most of lipases and esterases resemble serine-proteases and lipases in hydrolytic mechanism. Esterases (EC 3.1.1.1), as well as lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) are the versatile classes of biocatalysts. Due to their region-, enatio-selectivity and high specificity. Esterases are those that can catalyze the hydrolysis of short-acyl-chain-lengthed triglycerides less than 10, whereas, lipases are catalysts that can hydrolyze long-acyl-chain-lengthed triglycerides more than 10. Lipases applications can widely produce from a bacterial and fungal production. Lipases applications and their biotechnology significant are presented in different field such as medical biotechnology, detergent industries, organic synthesis, biodiesel production, agrochemical industries, flavor industries, and food industries.
The role of wing veins in colour pattern development in the butterfly Papilio xuthus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Naturally occurring veinless specimen of the swallowtail Papilio xuthus show an extremely aberrant colour pattern. In spite of the fact that we have no breeding data, these veinless specimen are provisionally called veins-reduced mutant. In these mutants seven longitudinal veins of the fore wing and five of the hind wing are absent. The absence of wing veins is associated with a loss of the broad black venous stripes that normally are present along the proximal portion of the veins. In addition, missing veins cause a loss of the dislocation of black bands in adjacent wing cells, so that what are discrete black segments in normal wings become continuous bands in the veinless wing. Computer simulations show that the morphology of the striped patterns on both the veinless and veined wing can be explained if the wing margin acts as an inductive source of pattern formation and the veins act simply as boundaries to the propagation of the signal from the wing margin. The vein-dependent patterns by contrast, require that the veins act as inductive sources, at least along their proximal portion. This dual role of wing veins is consistent with prior observations on the biology of colour pattern formation. The unique veinless colour pattern strongly supports the hypothesis that the wing margin is the dominant organiser of colour pattern in this species, and possibly in other Papilionidae.
Simulation of Rarefied Gas Flow in Slip and Transitional Regimes by the Lattice Boltzmann Method

In this paper, a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) based simulation of microscale flow has been carried out, for various values of Knudsen number. The details in determining the parameters critical for LBM applications in microscale flow are provided. Pressure distributions in the slip flow regime are compared with the analytical solution based on the Navier-Stokes equationwith slip-velocity boundary condition. Satisfactory agreements have been achieved. Simulations are then extended to transition regime (Kn = 0.15) and compared with the same analytical solution. The results show some deviation from the analytical solution due to the breakdown of continuum assumption. From this study, we may conclude that the lattice Boltzmann method is an efficient approach for simulation of microscale flow.
Celebrations as Social Investments: Festival Expenditures, Unit Price Variation and Social Status in Rural India

Festival expenditures amount to over 15 per cent of a household's annual expenditures in rural India. Yet they have never been studied by economists. This article uses both qualitative and quantitative data from a case study of three South Indian villages to show that festivals are important public goods in the village, but neither a pure entertainment motive nor an altruistic desire to contribute to a public event seems to explain their size. Households which spend money on festivals, everything else held equal, are able, however, to generate tangible rewards - lower prices on food, higher social status and more invitations to meals from other families. This indicates that active participation in festivals generates private economic and social returns which help resolve a potential free-rider problem. The evidence is consistent with the notion that festivals serve as mechanisms by which communities build social networks.
A LOCALLY CORRECTED NYSTRM METHOD FOR SURFACE INTEGRAL EQUATIONS: AN OBJECT ORIENTED APPROACH

OF THESIS A LOCALLY CORRECTED NYSTROM METHOD FOR SURFACE INTEGRAL EQUATIONS: AN OBJECT ORIENTED APPROACH Classically, researchers in Computational Physics and specifically in Computational Electromagnetics have sought to find numerical solutions to complex physical problems. Several techniques have been developed to accomplish such tasks, each of which having advantages over their counterparts. Typically, each solution method has been developed separately despite having numerous commonalities with other methods. This fact motivates a unified software tool to house each solution method to avoid duplicating previous efforts. Subsequently, these solution methods can be used alone or in conjunction with one another in a straightforward manner. The aforementioned goals can be accomplished by using an Object Oriented software approach. Thus, the goal of the presented research was to incorporate a specific solution technique, an Integral Equation Nystrom method, into a general, Object Oriented software framework.
Strategic Thinking: The Role in Successful Management

Strategic thinking and strategic planning are concepts that are not clearly defined both in the literature and in the practice of business organizations and sometimes they are used interchangeably with each other or with strategic management. The purpose of this text is to differentiate and define both concepts and relate their role with the strategic decision making process of a firm. The text ends by approaching the issue of sustainability as a new challenge in the strategic process.
Regulatory islanding parameters in battery based solar PV for electricity system resiliency

Distributed battery based solar power photovoltaic (PV) systems have the potential to supply electricity during grid outages resulting from extreme weather or other emergency situations. As such, distributed PV can significantly increase the resiliency of the electricity system. In order to take advantage of this capability, however, the PV systems must be designed with regulatory parameters in mind and combined with other technologies, such as smart energy storage and auxiliary generation. Strengthening policy and regulatory support could encourage deployment of PV systems designed for resiliency and improve public safety to power during emergencies. This paper specifies the goals of power resiliency and explains the reasons that most distributed PV systems as installed today in the United States are technically incapable of providing consumer power during a grid outage. It presents the basics and regulatory parameters of designing distributed PV systems for resiliency, including the use of energy storage and Microgrids. The paper concludes with critical policy and regulatory considerations for encouraging the use of these distributed system designs.
Extraction Techniques for Isolation , Purification and Preconcentration of Bisphenols and Alkylphenols from Environmental and Food Samples

In this review various methods which are found to apply to the extraction of bisphenols, alkylphenols and their derivatives from solid and liquid samples are presented. Comparison of these techniques in relation to their recovery values, selectivity and the opportunities garnered from applying a phenolic compound in diverse real samples is also discussed. Different extraction methods are presented like ultrasound or microwave assisted extraction, pressurized solvent extraction and matrix solid phase dispersion, as well as solid phase extraction (SPE) including molecularly imprinted polymers as novel and useful sorbents for SPE.
Numerical aspects of an algorithm for the Eulerian simulation of two‐phase flows

It is often the case that the numerical simulation of two phase flows leads to a number of difficulties associated with the solution algorithms utilized. Those difficulties manifest themselves as an impossibility to converge the iterative solution process, typical of the finite‐volume pressure‐correction methods, and are particularly persistent in cases with phase segregation (complete, or almost complete, separation of one phase from the other) and with fine meshes. A number of effective measures to overcome such problems are here proposed and tested, encompassing: (1) modification of the momentum equations formulation in a way that avoids singularity as volume fractions (α) tend to zero; (2) bounding of the volume fractions during the iterative algorithm in a way that enforces the physical limits, α0 and 1; (3) symmetric treatment of some terms in the equations, and consistent formulation of cell‐face fluxes in order to prevent numerical‐induced oscillations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of storage on the bacteriological quality of sachet water produced, sold and consumed within Owerri Metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria

The sale and consumption of sachet water is common in Owerri metropolis because the consumers believed it was safer than tap or borehole water.The aim of this study was to assess the effects of storage on the bacteriological quality of sachet water produced, sold and consumed within Owerri metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria. Fifteen sachet water brands were investigated for a period of four months. They were collected within 24 hours of production and stored at ambient temperature for four months. Samples were taken on monthly basis for enumeration of total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and indicator organisms using APHA and WHO analytical methods. Bacteriological analysis showed that Clets brand had the highest Total heterotrophic bacterial count of 5.7X101cfu/ml, followed by Elevated and Crystal while Ricano had the least count of 3.2x101cfu/ml. Total heterotrophic bacteria and total coliform count decreased gradually in all brands throughout this period. Escherichia coli was isolated in three brands. Results from the research indicates that 60% of the brands analyzed met the WHO guideline limit for drinking when stored at ambient temperature within eight weeks period. However, storage beyond this period led to diminished potability of sachet water
Sell-side analysts ’ valuation method choices and the role of ESG information in renewable energy valuations

The objective of this research was to gain understanding of the drivers behind sell-side analysts’ valuation method choices for valuing a particular company, which have largely remained unknown. The phenomenon was explored through a renewable energy case company Neste Oyj. Additionally, due to the context of renewable energy valuations, the study sought to investigate how environmental, social and governance information influence valuations. The main research question of the study was: What affects analysts’ valuation method choices directly linked to a firm's target price? The secondary research question, to address the context of renewable energy valuations, was: What is the role of environmental, social and governance information in the context of renewable energy valuation? This research followed a qualitative research approach. Empirical data was gathered from 6 indepth semi-structured interviews of sell-side analysts covering the case company Neste Oyj. The interviews were based on the content analysis of the interviewed analysts’ latest valuation reports on Neste Oyj. Further, the interviews were constructed acknowledging prior research. The interviewees were based in the UK and the Nordics. Interviews were conducted either faceto-face or by phone. Thus, complimentary research material obtained from interviewees’ was considered. Further, the research approach was abductive. The findings of the research supported the acknowledgement that the decision-environment that analysts face is multidimensional, having various drivers affecting choices made. First, the findings corroborated prior empirical evidence on factors influencing valuation method choices, such as client preferences. Secondly, the research found indications of theoretically suggested factors and thirdly, identified new factors. The factors influencing valuation method choices were categorized under four groups of valuation method drivers, constructing a framework for assessing the phenomenon: 1) employer related, 2) market deriving, 3) method characteristics and personal preferences and 4) firm specific drivers. Additionally, the research noted analysts’ changing valuation method preferences: the shift from the dominance of PE to preference of enterprise value multiples. Secondarily, the research found ESG information to play a secondary role in the context of renewable energy valuations and noted UK and Nordic analysts differing perceptions on the valuation relevance of ESG-information. ESG did not influence valuation method choices or target prices explicitly. However, for Nordic analysts, ESG-information could influence the stock recommendation and be present in screenings or reports.
Centennial mineral dust variability in high-resolution ice core data from Dome C, Antarctica

Abstract. Ice core data from Antarctica provide detailed insights into the characteristics of past climate, atmospheric circulation, as well as changes in the aerosol load of the atmosphere. We present high-resolution records of soluble calcium (Ca2+), non-sea-salt soluble calcium (nssCa2+), and particulate mineral dust aerosol from the East Antarctic Plateau at a depth resolution of 1 cm, spanning the past 800 000 years. Despite the fact that all three parameters are largely dust-derived, the ratio of nssCa2+ to particulate dust is dependent on the particulate dust concentration itself. We used principal component analysis to extract the joint climatic signal and produce a common high-resolution record of dust flux. This new record is used to identify Antarctic warming events during the past eight glacial periods. The phasing of dust flux and CO2 changes during glacial-interglacial transitions reveals that iron fertilization of the Southern Ocean during the past nine glacial terminations was not the dominant factor in the deglacial rise of CO2 concentrations. Rapid changes in dust flux during glacial terminations and Antarctic warming events point to a rapid response of the southern westerly wind belt in the region of southern South American dust sources on changing climate conditions. The clear lead of these dust changes on temperature rise suggests that an atmospheric reorganization occurred in the Southern Hemisphere before the Southern Ocean warmed significantly.