Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deflection Routing in OBS Networks

: Optical Burst Switching (OBS) network proposed as future optical internet is capable of carrying bursty traffic and adapting to the present technological constraints. Since the OBS network is buffer-less in nature, contention resolution using deflection technique received much attention. Deflection routing can work with limited optical buffering or even no buffering. This paper gives an overview of the research done so far in this area of deflection routing in OBS networks.
The platelet proaggregating and potentiating effects of unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin and heparinoid in intensive care patients and healthy controls

Abstract: Heparin binds to platelets and can cause platelet proaggregating and potentiating effects, possibly causing thrombocytopenia, particularly in patients in intensive care with hyperaggregable platelets. In this study we compared the platelet proaggregating and potentiating effects of unfractionated heparin (UH), 2 low molecular weight (LMW) heparins, enoxaparin and dalteparin, and a heparinoid, danaparoid sodium (orgaran), to platelets of an ICU patient population and a normal control group. In both populations UH caused platelet aggregation in a dose‐dependent manner. This occurred in the therapeutic range of the drug, with as little as 0.5 U/ml UH. The LMW heparins caused less and the heparinoid least platelet aggregation. Generally, the aggregation observed in ICU patients was greater than in the normal population. The potentiating effects of the 4 drugs in association with physiological agonists was examined. Similar patterns of potentiation were observed in both populations, with UH causing significant enhancement of platelet aggregation, the LMW heparins intermediate and heparinoid least enhancement. There was substantial variability in the individuals' platelets' reactions to the drugs, in particular to UH. Our findings suggest that UH has the greatest effect, the low molecular weight heparins an intermediate effect and the heparinoid the least propensity to cause platelet activation.
Correlation between prior therapeutic dendritic cell vaccination and the outcome of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with ipilimumab.

e20006 Background: Ipilimumab (Ipi) is an anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) IgG1 monoclonal antibody active against metastatic melanoma. Ipi acts by reinforcement of CTL-activation trough B7/CD28 receptor stimulation. A pre- existing anti-tumor CTL repertoire, induced by dendritic cell (DC) vaccination, could influence the therapeutic effect of Ipi. The influence of prior DC-vaccination on the outcome of melanoma patients (pts) treated with Ipi at a single center was analyzed to evaluate this hypothesis. METHODS Data were obtained from the medical files of pts treated at the UZ Brussel with Ipi in protocols CA184-022, -025, and the BMS Ipi medical need program. Ipi (0.3, 3 or 10 mg/kg) was administered iv q3 wks x4 q12 wks thereafter. RESULTS 20 pts (10M/10F; med age 51y, range 28-72) were identified. Prior therapy: autologous DC-vaccine loaded with melanoma associated antigens (14 pts) ± IFN-a2b (9/14 pts), cytotoxic agents (17 pts). Baseline characteristics: AJCC st IV melanoma (20 pts); baseline LDH > ULN (16 pts). Ipi dose: 0.3 mg/kg (4 pts), 3 mg/kg (2 pts), 10 mg/kg (14 pts). Serial LDH measurements were available for 17 pts; 4 types of LDH-response following Ipi administration were observed: increase (11 pts), decrease (1 pt), fluctuation (4 pts), stable (1 pt). Objective response according to mWHO or irWHO: 3 PR, 1 SD, 16 PD. One pt received 0.3 mg/kg of Ipi (CA184-022) and had SD but no LDH response; at PD she received DC-vaccine and subsequently 10 mg/kg Ipi (medical need program) resulting in a fluctuating LDH-response and regression of an orbita-metastasis. Increasing LDH values following Ipi were less often observed in pts with prior DC-vaccination (5/6 pts (83%) without prior DC-vaccination had increasing LDH-values vs 6/12 pts (50%) with prior vaccination). DC- vaccination also correlated with regression of metastases and disease control (3/15 pts (20%) who were vaccinated had a PR/SD vs 1/6 (17%) PR for those who had not received prior DC-vaccinations). CONCLUSIONS These data represent a small sample size from a single institution; however, our results suggests a potential correlation between prior therapeutic DC vaccination and outcomes in advanced melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab. [Table: see text].
The X-ray structure of Aspergillus aculeatus polygalacturonase and a modeled structure of the polygalacturonase-octagalacturonate complex.

Polygalacturonases hydrolyze the alpha-(1-4) glycosidic bonds of de-esterified pectate in the smooth region of the plant cell wall. Crystal structures of polygalacturonase from Aspergillus aculeatus were determined at pH 4.5 and 8.5 both to 2.0 A resolution. A. aculeatus polygalacturonase is a glycoprotein with one N and ten O-glycosylation sites and folds into a right-handed parallel beta-helix. The structures of the three independent molecules are essentially the same, showing no dependency on pH or crystal packing, and are very similar to that of Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase. However, the structures of the long T1 loop containing a catalytic tyrosine residue are significantly different in the two proteins. A three-dimensional model showing the substrate binding mode for a family 28 hydrolase was obtained by a combined approach of flexible docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and energy minimization. The octagalacturonate substrate was modeled as an unbent irregular helix with the -1 ring in a half-chair ((4)H(3)) form that approaches the transition state conformation. A comparative modeling of the three polygalacturonases with known structure shows that six subsites ranging from -4 to +2 are clearly defined but subsites -5 and +3 may or may not be shaped depending on the nearby amino acid residues. Both distal subsites are mostly exposed to the solvent region and have weak binding affinity even if they exist. The complex model provides a clear explanation for the functions, either in catalysis or in substrate binding, of all conserved amino acid residues in the polygalacturonase family of proteins. Modeling suggests that the role of the conserved Asn157 and Tyr270, which had previously been unidentified, may be in transition state stabilization. In A. niger polygalacturonase, the long T1 loop may have to undergo conformational change upon binding of the substrate to bring the tyrosine residue close to subsite -1.
Gastric and colon cancer imaging with swept source optical coherence tomography

Swept source Optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) is used to image the cancer samples of 12 gastric and colon cancer patients, including 5 gastric cancer and 7 colon cancer patients. The OCT images and histopathology sections show obvious difference between the normal tissue and cancer tissue. The regular layered structure can be seen at OCT images of normal tissue, while the disordered textures and destroyed layers' architectures preserve as the common features of cancer tissues' images. The variation of texture matched between the OCT images and ordinal pathological sections.
Phototropism: Growing towards an Understanding of Plant Movement[OPEN]

Phototropism, or the differential cell elongation exhibited by a plant organ in response to directional blue light, provides the plant with a means to optimize photosynthetic light capture in the aerial portion and water and nutrient acquisition in the roots. Tremendous advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular, biochemical, and cellular bases of phototropism in recent years. Six photoreceptors and their associated signaling pathways have been linked to phototropic responses under various conditions. Primary detection of directional light occurs at the plasma membrane, whereas secondary modulatory photoreception occurs in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Intracellular responses to light cues are processed to regulate cell-to-cell movement of auxin to allow establishment of a trans-organ gradient of the hormone. Photosignaling also impinges on the transcriptional regulation response established as a result of changes in local auxin concentrations. Three additional phytohormone signaling pathways have also been shown to influence phototropic responsiveness, and these pathways are influenced by the photoreceptor signaling as well. Here, we will discuss this complex dance of intra- and intercellular responses that are regulated by these many systems to give rise to a rapid and robust adaptation response observed as organ bending.
Citrate and the conversion of carbohydrate into fat. Fatty acid synthesis by a combination of cytoplasm and mitochondria.

A cell-free system, consisting of particle-free cytoplasm and mitochondria prepared from rat liver, has been used to study the transfer of acetyl groups from the intramitochond&l to the extramitochondrial space during fatty acid synthesis. 14C-Pyruvate, generated from W-alanine, was used to generate intramitochondrial 14C-acetyl-CoA. Fatty acid synthesis was followed by measuring the incorporation of 3Hz0 and W. Pool dilution experiments showed that the acetyl group of intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA leaves the mitochondria in the form of citrate, or of a closely related tricarboxylate. ( -)-Hydroxycitrate, an inhibitor of citrate cleavage enzyme, strongly inhibits fatty acid synthesis from 14C-alanine. On the other hand, (-)-hydroxycitrate has little or no effect on respiration, phosphorylation, and citrate accumulation during the course of the experiments. n-Butylmalonate, an inhibitor of malate permease, also inhibits fatty acid synthesis. This inhibition is reversed by malate. nButyhnalonate probably exerts its effect by preventing the activation of cr-ketoglutarate and tricarboxylate permeases by malate. It is concluded that citrate is the major carrier in the transfer of acetyl groups from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytoplasm.
Inhibition of growth of prostatic cancer cell lines by peptide analogues of insulin-like growth factor 1.

We have investigated three prostatic cancer cell lines, PC-3, DU-145, and LNCa.FGC, and found that all three cell lines can grow in serum-free medium without the addition of exogenous growth factors. All three cell lines produce substantial amounts of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) that is secreted in the medium and they all display constitutively autophosphorylated IGF-1 receptors; two of the cell lines overexpress IGF-1 receptor RNA. The growth of all three cell lines is inhibited by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to IGF-1 receptor RNA or by peptide analogues of IGF-1 that compete with IGF-1 binding to its receptor. Our results indicate that these three cell lines grow by an autocrine loop in which the overproduced IGF-1 activates its receptor. Interference with the activation of the receptor leads to cessation of growth.
Parental-F1 Hybrid Bone Marrow Chimeras: High Incidence of Donor-Type Lymphomas 1

Summary Adult LAF1 hybrid mice received a whole-body exposure to 500 R of X-rays, followed by a single intravenous injection of 4 × 106 normal, parental strain (A/He) bone marrow cells, which produced no overt graft-versus-host morbidity or mortality. On sacrifice, 2 years later, a striking increase in the incidence of malignant lymphoma (76%) over that of appropriate controls, was observed. Transplantation tests with cell suspensions prepared from these lymphomas revealed that they are of donor strain—rather than host—origin. The key point for lymphomagenesis here may be the persistent, tolerated histoincompatibility associated with the parental strain-F1 hybrid bone marrow cell chimerism, rather than immunosuppression by graft-versus-host reaction.
A cascade of irx1a and irx2a controls shh expression during retinogenesis

In animal retina, hedgehog expression drives waves of neurogenesis, but genetic programs that control its expression during retinal neurogenesis are poorly elucidated. We have previously reported that irx1a is required for propagation of the sonic hedgehog (shh) expression waves in developing zebrafish retina. Here, we found that irx2a is expressed in the developing retina and that knockdown of irx2a results in a retinal phenotype strikingly similar to that of irx1a morphants. The expression of irx2a in retina ganglion cells was shown to be irx1a‐ and ath5‐dependent suggesting that irx1a and ath5 are transcriptional regulators of irx2a. Furthermore, irx2a expression could rescue impaired propagation of shh waves in irx1a morphants. Together, these observations suggest that Irx2 functions downstream of irx1a to control shh expression in the retina. We proposed a novel transcriptional cascade of ath5‐irx1a‐irx2a in the regulation of hedgehog waves during vertebrate retinal development. Developmental Dynamics 239:3204–3214, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volumetric Analysis of the Pons, Cerebellum and Hippocampi in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Background/Aims: Our goal was to find out whether a decrease in hippocampal volume in Alzheimer’s disease measured via magnetic resonance imaging is accompanied by a similar volume decrease in the pons and cerebellum. We also tried to evaluate whether there are any accompanying hippocampal, pontine and cerebellar asymmetries between the left and right side. Methods: We performed a manual volumetric magnetic resonance analysis of the pons, cerebellum and hippocampi in 29 healthy controls and 26 patients with Alzheimer’s disease, divided into two groups according to the Mini-Mental State Examination score. Results: We confirmed a known decrease in hippocampal volume in Alzheimer’s disease patients but found that there is no similar volume decrease in the pons or cerebellum that could serve as a radiologic diagnostic tool in Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis. Also, there was no statistically significant right-left asymmetry in all three measured structures. Conclusion: Only hippocampal volume and not pontine and cerebellar volumes could serve as a magnetic resonance diagnostic tool in Alzheimer’s disease.
THIK-1 and THIK-2, a Novel Subfamily of Tandem Pore Domain K+ Channels* 210

Two cDNAs encoding novel K+channels, THIK-1 and THIK-2 (tandem pore domainhalothane inhibited K +channel), were isolated from rat brain. The proteins of 405 and 430 amino acids were 58% identical to each other. Homology analysis showed that the novel channels form a separate subfamily among tandem pore domain K+ channels. The genes of the human orthologs were identified as human genomic data base entries. They possess one intron each and were assigned to chromosomal region 14q24.1–14q24.3 (human (h) THIK-1) and 2p22–2p21 (hTHIK-2). In rat (r), THIK-1 (rTHIK-1) is expressed ubiquitously; rTHIK-2 expression was found in several tissues including brain and kidney. In situ hybridization of brain slices showed that rTHIK-2 is strongly expressed in most brain regions, whereas rTHIK-1 expression is more restricted. Heterologous expression of rTHIK-1 in Xenopus oocytes revealed a K+channel displaying weak inward rectification in symmetrical K+ solution. The current was enhanced by arachidonic acid and inhibited by halothane. rTHIK-2 did not functionally express. Confocal microscopy of oocytes injected with green fluorescent protein-tagged rTHIK-1 or rTHIK-2 showed that both channel subunits are targeted to the outer membrane. However, coinjection of rTHIK-2 did not affect the currents induced by rTHIK-1, indicating that the two channel subunits do not form heteromers.
Invitation to comment

Additionally DEQ is proposing to adjust the procedure for setting the effective date of a permit by removing the 20-day waiting period required before a permit can be considered effective. This waiting period is currently allocated to the permittee to request a hearing on the permit before the Environmental Quality Commission. Under the proposed rules, permittees would still be allowed to request a hearing on the permit within 20 days of permit issuance, but DEQ would not need to delay the effective date 20 days. If a permit is contested, the permit or the contested conditions in the permit would be stayed until the hearing process is complete.
Turning Krieger ’ s MCS Lock into a Send Queue or , a Case for Reusing Clever , Mostly Lock-Free Code in a Different Area

Lockand wait-free data structures can be constructed in a generic way. However, when complex operations are involved, their practical use is rather limited due to high performance overheads and, in some settings, difficult to fulfil object lifecycles. While working on a synchronous inter-processor communication (IPC) path for multicore systems, we stumbled over a clever piece of code that did fulfil most of the properties that this path requires for its send queue. Unfortunately, this piece of code was by no means a data-structure publication or somehow related to send queues. Reporting on our experience in translating Krieger’s MCS-style reader-writer lock into a send queue for cross-processor IPC, we would like to make the point that sometimes, searching for code could end up in a valuable treasure chest even for largely different areas.
Light‐dependent and asynchronous replication of cyanobacterial multi‐copy chromosomes

While bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis harbour a single circular chromosome, some freshwater cyanobacteria have multiple chromosomes per cell. The detailed mechanism(s) of cyanobacterial replication remains unclear. To elucidate the replication origin (ori), form and synchrony of the multi‐copy genome in freshwater cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 we constructed strain S. 7942TK that can incorporate 5‐bromo‐2'‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) into genomic DNA and analysed its de novo DNA synthesis. The uptake of BrdU was blocked under dark and resumed after transfer of the culture to light conditions. Mapping analysis of nascent DNA fragments using a next‐generation sequencer indicated that replication starts bidirectionally from a single ori, which locates in the upstream region of the dnaN gene. Quantitative analysis of BrdU‐labelled DNA and whole‐genome sequence analysis indicated that the peak timing of replication precedes that of cell division and that replication is initiated asynchronously not only among cell populations but also among the multi‐copy chromosomes. Our findings suggest that replication initiation is regulated less stringently in S. 7942 than in E. coli and B. subtilis.
XML rule based source code generator for UML CASE tool

Generating program source code based on a design model using a CASE tool is an important area in forward engineering. The generation of code from a design model is valuable in making developers maintain consistency between a model and its implementation and abating the routine work of writing skeleton source codes. However, implementing code generation with a CASE tool is not simple due to the metadata format, language, and policies of adopting a modeler's option. Because of the continuous introduction of development environments like EJB and COM, the extensibility of CASE tools becomes the principal factor for comparison. We believe that its feasible to generate source code in various languages based on a generation rule. In this paper, we propose an XML based code generation rule and code generator. The proposed rule provides higher level constructs to the developer for describing code generation, and by making the code generator independent of repository format, the increased applicability of the code generator is shown.
Overview of Hemostasis and Thrombosis

In the absence of' vasculalinjury, blood flow proceeds without any ongoing activation of' platelets and without activation of' the coagulation cascade. ' Following vascular in-jury, the complex process of thrombosis is triggered. Tissue factors are exposed or released that activate the cel1ula1and enzymatic components of the blood responsible for maintenance of henlostasis. l 'hese processes are highly regulated and are modulated by negative and positive fecdback control.Vollowing the fornlation of an intravascular thrombus, activation of the fibrinolytic system occurs and, when cfficaceous, f'acilitates restoration of normal vascular patency and wound healing. 'I'he overall process of hernostasis can be generally divided into fbur major components: the vascular endotheliurn, platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolysis.
Relationship between psychiatric disease and neuropsychological impairment in HIV seropositive individuals

Abstract Neuropsychological impairment and DSM-III-R Axis I psychiatric diagnoses were evaluated in a heterogenous group of HIV seropositive individuals and seronegative individuals with similar risk factors for HIV infection. Neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders were common in the HIV seropositive group, but there were no relationships between these two aspects of neuropsychiatric dysfunction in seropositive patients. Results indicate that psychiatric disorders in HIV seropositive individuals tend to predate infection and decrease over time following knowledge of seroconversion, suggesting that they are primarily a function of psychosocial factors. Neuropsychological disorders are specific to HIV seropositive patients and tend to increase over time following seroconversion, suggesting that they are due to neurological effects of HIV-infection. (JINS, 1995, 1, 581–588.)
Preparation and Microwave Properties of Silica Coated Ni–Fe–Mo Flakes Composites

Fabrication of silica coated permalloy-like flaky particles and microwave properties of uncoated and coated particles dispersed in a polymer matrix are presented. The silica layer is successfully obtained through the Stöber process and its thickness is about 50 nm. Permeability and permittivity measurements are carried out using an APC7 coaxial line. It is demonstrated that composites with an insulating layer exhibit the same permeability levels as the ones filled with uncoated permalloy-like flakes but lower permittivity levels which improves its impedance matching and thus enhances its microwave absorbing properties. Calculated reflection loss of 1 mm composite layer shows that peak frequencies are shifted to higher frequencies while their intensities are slightly increased when composites are filled with coated flaky particles (-4.26 dB at 1.89 GHz for the uncoated flakes and -4.53 dB at 2.57 GHz for the coated ones at the same volume content of 21%). Composites filled with higher volume contents are expected to be promising candidates as absorbing materials above the GHz range.
Categorization Using Weight Adjusted k-Nearest Neighbor Classification Technical Report

Categorization of documents is challenging, as the number of discriminating words can be very large. We present a nearest neighbor classification scheme for text categorization in which the importance of discriminating words is learned using mutual information and weight adjustment techniques. The nearest neighbors for a particular document are then computed based on the matching words and their weights. We evaluate our scheme on both synthetic and real world documents. Our experiments with synthetic data sets show that this scheme is robust under different emulated conditions. Empirical results on real world documents demonstrate that this scheme outperforms state of the art classification algorithms such as C4.5, RIPPER, Rainbow, and PEBLS.