Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Lexicalized Context-Free Grammar

Stochastic lexicalized context-free grammar (SLCFG) is an attractive compromise between the parsing efficiency of stochastic context-free grammar (SCFG) and the lexical sensitivity of stochastic lexicalized tree-adjoining grammar (SLTAG) . SLCFG is a restricted form of SLTAG that can only generate context-free languages and can be parsed in cubic time. However, SLCFG retains the lexical sensitivity of SLTAG and is therefore a much better basis for capturing distributional information about words than SCFG.
Automatic construction of algorithms and data structures using a knowledge base of programming rules

Abstract : Although large amounts of programming knowledge are available to human programmers in the form of books and articles, very little of this knowledge is available in a form suitable for use by a machine in performing programming tasks automatically. The principal goal of the research reported here is the explication of programming knowledge to a sufficient level of detail that it can be used effectively by a machine. The programming task considered in this experiment is that of constructing concrete implementations of abstract algorithms in the domain of symbolic programming. Knowledge about several aspects of symbolic programming has been expressed as a collection of four hundred refinement rules. The rules deal primarily with collections and mappings and ways of manipulating such structures, including several enumeration, sorting and searching techniques. The principal representation techniques covered include the representation of sets as linked lists and arrays (both ordered and unordered), and the representation of mappings as tables, sets of pairs, property list markings, and inverted mappings (indexed by range element). In addition to these general constructs, many low-level programming details are covered (such as the use of variables to store values).
An HMM-based boundary-flexible model of human haplotype variation

The construction of a meaningful and detailed description of haplotype variation holds the promise for more powerful genetic association studies. The segmentation of the human genome into blocks of limited haplotype diversity has been successfully employed by models that describe common variation. Some computational models of haplotype variation are flawed, however: they arbitrarily sever all haplotypes at block boundaries and assume that block boundaries are areas of free recombination. In reality, haplotypes break up when they recombine, and many past recombination events are predicted to occur at sites of occasional recombination. Thus, the genuine unit of shared genetic variation should often cross block boundaries, or sometimes end between them. This work seeks the truer mosaic structure of human haplotypes through flexible haplotype boundaries. This thesis introduces an HMM-based boundary-flexible model, and proves that this model is superior to a blockwise description via the Minimum Description Length (MDL) criterion. Thesis Supervisor: Mark J. Daly Title: Fellow, Whitehead Institute Thesis Supervisor: David M. Altshuler Title: Investigator, Broad Institute
An introduction to database management systems

Problems with customized systems in the 1950s led to the development of operating systems for input/output routines. A second generation offered more generalized file management. This provided sophisticated links between data elements. Corporate database management systems appeared in the 1970s. The functions of a DBMS are given as — integration (avoiding data duplication); data independence (separating data from software); data handling; privacy; integrity controls; compatibility; concurrency support and support of complex files. Data definition is achieved through the Data Definition Language (DDL), the Data Manipulation Language (DML) and the Query and Requesting Systems (QRS). Classifying these systems can be based on the way the data is presented to the user. However, the stored data may be structured hierarchically (tree), networked (plex), relational or extended networks like MDBS III. The article ends with a review of use and selection of such software systems. 7 diagrams. No refs.
Emotion pitch variation analysis in Malay and English voice samples

This paper discusses the pitch variation in Malay and English emotional voice samples for six emotion states. LP analysis is carried out to calculate the emotion features in speech and the results are observed in terms of average pitch, pitch range and jitter. Comparison between male and female pitch is also done. Based on the pitch variation analysis, language factor does not affect the acoustic correlates of emotional speech.
Ouvrages de maçonnerie

1 Murs 1.1 Fonctions des murs 1.11 Definitions 1.12 Stabilite mecanique 1.13 Etancheite a l'eau de pluie 1.2 Murs de bâtiments 1.21 Maconneries enterrees. Protection contre l'humidite 1.22 Murs en elevation 1.23 Cloisons 1.3 Autres murs 1.31 Murs de cloture 1.32 Murs de soutenement, de placage, de reservoirs 2 Ouvrages horizontaux 2.1 Planchers en bois ou en fer 2.2 Hourdis dans les planchers en bois et en fer 2.3 Planchers en beton arme 2.4 Planchers-terrasses 2.5 Planchers transparents en verre 2.6 Voutes 2.7 Linteaux et arcs 3 Revetements verticaux 3.1 Enduits exterieurs 3.2 Enduits interieurs 3.3 Revetements en pierre et en materiaux naturels 3.4 Revetements en materiaux ceramiques 4 Revetements horizontaux 4.1 Plafonds 4.2 Sols 4.3 Isolations phonique et thermique des revetements horizontaux . 5 Escaliers 5.1 Definitions 5.2 Realisation des divers types d'escaliers 5.3 Revetement des escaliers 6 Conduits de fumee et de ventilation 6.1 Materiaux utilises 6.2 Conduits de fumee anciens 6.3 Souches 6.4 Cheminees 6.5 Ventilation 7 Travaux d'assainissement 7.1 Puits et captage de l'eau 7.2 Puisards et tranchees drainantes 7.3 Fosses d'aisance 7.4 Egouts, canalisations 7.5 Drainages Documentation
Toward a Bio-Medical Thesaurus: Building the Foundation of the UMLS

Abstract The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is being designed to provide a uniform user interface to heterogeneous machine-readable bio-medical information resources, such as bibliographic databases, genetic databases, expert systems and patient records.1 Such an interface will have to recognize different ways of saying the same thing, and provide links to ways of saying related things. One way to represent the necessary associations is via a domain thesaurus. As no such thesaurus exists, and because, once built, it will be both sizable and in need of continuous maintenance, its design should include a methodology for building and maintaining it. We propose a methodology, utilizing lexically expanded schema inversion, and a design, called T. Lex, which together form one approach to the problem of defining and building a bio-medical thesaurus. We argue that the semantic locality implicit in such a thesaurus will support model-based reasoning in bio-medicine.2
Performance Evaluation And QOS Analysis Of Routing Protocols In MANET

A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without using any centralized access point, infrastructure, or centralized administration. Routing is a critical issue in MANET and hence the focus of this project along with the performance analysis of routing protocols. The scope of this project was to test routing performance of two different routing protocols (AODV and DSR) in variable network sizes and variable simulation times. We have used NS-2 Simulator from Scalable Networks to perform the simulations. This paper presents that which routing protocol performs better in which environment and scenarios of mobile adhoc networks.
Memes of Translation: The spread of ideas in translation theory. Revised edition

This revised edition of Memes of Translation includes updates that relate the book's themes to more recent research in Translation Studies. The book contributes to the debate about whether it is worth seeking a coherent theory of translation, by proposing an approach based on norms, strategies and values, which are all seen as kinds of memes, i.e. ideas that spread. The meme metaphor allows us to see translation in the context of cultural evolution, and also highlights similarities with the philosopher Karl Popper's analysis of another kind of evolution: that of scientific knowledge. A translation is, after all, itself a theory – a theory about the source text. And as Popper stressed, theories of all kinds are like nets we make in order to catch something of reality: never perfectly, but always in the hope of better understanding.
Typography in Contect: a Use-Oriented Approach to Topography Principles

Equally important is how the typography is applied, making the task of reading the communication more enjoyable and effortless or more frustrating and fatiguing. The human eye does not read one letter at a time, or even one word at a time, but in groups which constitute thoughts. This motion of the eye during reading is known as saccadic movement. The typeface you use directly affects this process, making it easier or more difficult for your audience to read and understand what you have written. It is often said that good typography is invisible-but the mastery required to reach that state is considerable. Typography in context considers the end use/user as the critical component and design criteria. How can we make the choices that support and enhance the effectiveness of the ideas and concepts being communicated.
Estimating Time-Variation in Measurement Error from Data Revisions; an Application to Forecasting in Dynamic Models

Over time, economic statistics are refined. This means that newer data are typically less well measured than old data. Time or vintage-variation in measurement error like this influences how forecasts should be made. Measurement error is obviously not directly observable. This paper shows that modelling the behaviour of the statistics agency generates an estimate of this time-variation. This provides an alternative to assuming that the final releases of variables are true. The paper applies the method to UK aggregate expenditure data, and demonstrates the gains in forecasting from exploiting these model-based estimates of measurement error.
Belief and incompleteness

Abstract : Both agents are state-of-theart constructions, incorporating the latest Al research in chess playing, natural-language understanding, planning, etc. But because of the overwhelming combinatorics of' chess, neither they nor the fastest foreseeable computers would be able to search the entire game tree to find out whether White has a forced win. Why then do they come to such an odd conclusion about their own knowledge of the game? The chess scenario is an anecdotal example of the way inaccurate cognitive models can lead to behavior that is less than intelligent in artificial agents. In this case, the agents' model of belief is not correct. They make the assumption that an agent actually knows all the consequences of his beliefs. S1 knows that chess is a finite game, and thus reasons that, in principle, knowing the rules of chess is all that is required to figure out whether White has a forced ini%ial win. Mter learning that S2 does indeed know the rules of chess he comes to the erroneous conclusion that S2 also knows this particular consequence of the rules. And S2 himself, reflecting on his own knowledge in the same manner, arrives at the same conclusion, even though in actual fact he could never carry out the computations necessary to demonstrate it.
Self-Evaluation for Video Tracking Systems

Abstract : In this paper, we present an algorithm for automatic performance evaluation of a video tracking system that does not require ground-truth data. Such an algorithm can play an important role in automatically determining when the underlying system loses track and needs re-initialization. The algorithm is based on measuring appearance similarity and tracking uncertainty. Several experimental results on vehicle and human tracking are presented. Effectiveness of the evaluation scheme is assessed by comparisons with ground truth. The proposed self evaluation algorithm has been used in an acoustic/video based moving vehicle detection and tracking system.
Interleaver design for trellis-coded differential 8-PSK modulation with non-coherent detection

The effect of finite interleaver size on bit error rate (BER) performance of coded 8-DPSK is determined by means of computer simulations. The losses evaluated in this way include the SNR degradation due to the timing and frequency errors of the symbol synchronizer and the automatic frequency control (AFC) of the receiver. BER measurements are presented using a conventional 2/3 rate convolutional 8-state trellis-code for typical Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. It is shown that for a Rician channel with a Rician parameter of 7 dB, a Doppler spread of 100 Hz and a data rate of 2400 bps, an interleaver with size 16 x 16 symbols performs nearly as well as a very large interleaver. It is also shown that for very fast Rayleigh channels, the BER-curves flatten out at large SNR.
Communicating Situation Awareness in Virtual Environments

Abstract : This report documents the work conducted by the HIT Lab during a four year project titled Communicating Situation Awareness in Virtual Environments. The project was funded under the MURI (Multi-disciplinary University Research Initiative), and was intended as spin up funding to allow the Lab to achieve critical mass and momentum. As such, the goals of both the fund providers and fund recipients were successfully achieved. Over the course of the project over 30 experiments were conducted resulting in 76 publications. Support was provided for approximately 20 students, resulting in 9 theses and dissertations. A multi-disciplinary workshop was conducted, and there were active collaborations between researchers in this lab, with other labs, with government agencies and with commercial companies. The benefits of this collaboration are beginning to take effect. The focus of the research effort was tightened during the last year of the project to address five key areas. The results from experiments investigating four of these five areas are presented in this report, along with a cumulative list of all of the publications.
Undersampled Radial STEAM MRI: Methodological Developments and Applications

Die diffusionsgewichtete Einzelschuss-STEAM-Sequenz ermoglicht diffusionsgewichtete MRT ohne die bei der konventionellen echoplanaren Aufnahmetechnik auftretenden Suszeptibilitatsartefakte, die diagnostische Anwendungen erheblich erschweren. Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Entwicklung und Anwendung neuer Techniken zur diffusionsgewichteten STEAM-Bildgebung, die bisherige Defizite, insbesondere ein geringes Signal-Rausch-Verhaltnis, uberwinden. Dies wurde mit unterabgetasteten radialen k-Raum-Trajektorien sowie iterativen Bildrekonstruktionstechniken erreicht. Als Basistechnik fur die Datenaufnahme wurde eine radiale Einzelschuss-STEAM-Sequenz mit verbesserter Unterdruckung von Bildartefakten entwickelt und auf die Black-Blood-MRT am Herzen angewendet. Fur die diffusionsgewichtete STEAM-MRT am Gehirn wurde diese Sequenz um ein diffusionsgewichtetes Spinecho erweitert und mit einem nichtlinearen inversen Bildrekonstruktionsalgorithmus kombiniert, der eine neue Regularisierung der Spulenprofile beinhaltet. Studien an gesunden Probanden und Patienten lieferten hohe diagnostische Bildqualitat und raumliche Auflosung in klinisch akzeptabler Bildaufnahmezeit. Die bisher erste Anwendung einer diffusionsgewichteten STEAM-Sequenz in der Prostatabildgebung wurde durch eine Kombination aus segmentierter radialer Bildaufnahme und iterativer Bildrekonstruktion mit neuer Regularisierung der bewegungsbedingten Phasenkarten erreicht. Die Messung des scheinbaren Diffusionskoeffizienten wurde in numerischen Simulationen und in vivo-Experimenten validiert und zeigte eine verbesserte Genauigkeit im Vergleich mit bisherigen Rekonstruktionsmethoden. Bildaufnahmen an gesunden Probanden zeigten ein Potential fur eine diagnostische Nutzung selbst an den Randern der Prostata, wo echoplanare MRT aufgrund erheblicher Bildverzerrungen scheitert. Zusatzlich wurde eine neue Methode zur diffusionsgewichteten STEAM-Bildgebung mit regionaler Hochfrequenzanregung mehrerer Schichten entwickelt und an der Prostata erprobt. Damit konnten aus dem umgebenden Abdomen stammende Artefakte entfernt werden.
Augmented Reality Environments in Learning, Communicational and Professional Contexts in Higher Education.

This paper explores educational and professional uses of augmented learning environment concerned with issues of training and entertainment.We analyze the state-of-art research of some scenarios based on augmented reality. Some examples for the purpose of education and simulation are described. These applications show that augmented reality can be means of enhancing, motivating and stimulating learners’ understanding of certain events, especially those for which the traditional notion of instructional learning have proven inappropriate or difficult. Furthermore, the students can learn in a quick mode by interacting on the augmented environments.
On expressing the mutation of state in a functional programming language

A long standing problem in functional programming languages is how to efficiently manipulate large data structures since the underlying computational model adopted by these languages makes no provision for reutilization of data structures--a small change in a structure results in a completely new object. This might reflect the programmer's intention, but the original structure is usually no longer used after the modification occurs, and thus it can be directly reclaimed in allocating the new object with substantial savings in space and time complexity. However, there is no effective method for detecting precisely which data structures can be reused. The known heuristics are obscure. Even if a program is suitable for optimization, it is up to the compiler whether or not to perform it. But most importantly, the user is unable to express the fact that the structure must be reused. The expressiveness of modern (i.e., higher-order, nonstrict, polymorphic) functional languages can be extended with the ability to destructively manipulate state without losing referential transparency. Such an expansion can be designed in a way that the resulting state semantics is easy to reason about and implies a direct and obvious implementation. Further, information about mutability properties can be totally reconstructed statically, and this information can be fairly intuitive for the programmer to understand, and thus, a valuable aid in the development of programs that handle state more efficiently. To that effect, I present Single-Threaded Lambda Calculus--an extension to Lambda Calculus with graphical rewrite rules, a notion of store, and mutators (i.e., update! , etc.) to express mutations of state. In addition, I present an extended type system that carries information about operational properties of programs, including mutability. The type of a program is statically decidable by a type reconstruction algorithm. All expressions may exhibit type polymorphism, and are inherently polymorphic in their higher-order operational properties. Further, Single-Threaded Lambda Calculus is confluent when restricted to well-typed programs.
Implementation of CALL in Bangladeshi private universities : students' perspective

Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is among the latest approaches of English language teaching. With the rapid growth in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the increasing use of technology in every sphere of life, CALL is getting more popularity day by day, especially among the young generation. It is a very new concept for Bangladeshi education system. This dissertation tries to find out to which extend CALL is being implemented in the Bangladeshi private university classrooms and if there is any problem regarding the implementation. The study focuses on the students’ perspective, and thus tries to discover the present condition of the students. Since, not much existing work is available on this topic in Bangladeshi perspective; it is mostly a primary research. However, the researcher tried to use extracts from the existing works on CALL by authors from different countries to show the validity of CALL in present day English language teaching. Some works by Bangladeshi authors are also studied and used in the paper to interpret the present English language teaching system in Bangladesh. The researcher used survey questionnaires to collect data from the classrooms. The data was analyzed using both the quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal articles and topic related books were used by the researcher to analyze the data and to relate the arguments of the researcher with the findings. The results show that the teachers and the students have quite enough technological facilities in their classrooms and home, however they use only basic technological aids, for example word processing software and general internet browsing for language learning. They rarely use any specific CALL oriented applications or webpages. Therefore, the findings of the research show that although a certain amount of CALL is implemented in Bangladeshi private university classrooms, surely there are lots of scopes for improvement. Moreover, this research is focused only to the students’ perspective. A further research compiling the teachers’ opinions should reveal a broader perception on this issue.
Outlier detection for high-dimensional data streams

[Abstract]: The explosion of data streams has sparked a lot of research interests in data mining on streaming data flow in recent years. Many data streams are inherently high dimensional and outlier detection from these data streams can potentially lead to discovery of useful abnormal and irregular patterns hidden in the streams. Outlier detection in data streams can be useful in many fields such as analysis and monitoring of network traffic data, web log, sensor networks and financial transactions.
Constrained Quantification in Polymorphic Type Analysis

Sound type systems have existed for several years for languages with polymorphism, the ability for procedures. Successful systems also exist for languages with a non-trivial notion of subtyping, such as is provided in some modestly object-oriented languages. The work in this dissertation was motivated by the problem of providing a sound and flexible type system for languages with both of these properties. We have developed a new kind of type expression, which we call constrained quantification, given a semantics for these new expressions, and developed algorithms for soundly inferring such types for programs in a particular sample programming language. This language has all of the essential features of a polymorphic functional language along with the kernel functionality of object-oriented languages. In addition to solving the type system problem for this class of languages, constrained quantification outperforms the traditional polymorphic type analysis algorithms even in languages without subtyping. We claim that constrained quantification is a flexible, powerful, practical and formally comprehensible approach to polymorphic type analysis, especially when applied to languages with non-trivial subtyping. The dissertation demonstrates this claim in more than enough detail for constrained quantification to find immediate use in a practical programming environment.