Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 in Vascular Reaction

Panax notoginseng (P.N.) is an herb that belongs to the acanthopanax gracilistylus family and is synonymous with stephania sinica and pseudoginsen radix. It is one of the famous traditional medicinal herbs that have been used for hundreds of years in many East Asian countries [1]. P.N. consists of two major ingredients: crude ginseng saponin and crude ginseng non-saponin. To date, thirty different types of saponins [2] have been isolated from ginseng and identified chemically. They can be classified into three major groups according to their chemical structure: 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol, 20 (S)-protopanaxatriol and oleanolic acid saponins. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) and ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) are contained in Panax notoginseng (P.N.), P. ginseng (P.G.), P. quinequefolius (P.Q.) and other Panax species. P.G. and P.Q. are generally categorized as adaptogenics, while P.N. is categorized as hemostatics [3-5]. Clinical reports suggest that P.N. plays an important role in the treatment of inflammation, coronary heart disease, stroke and immunological disease [5-7]. However, the mechanism of this medicine has not been fully studied. Recent reports suggest that Rg1 can serve as an agonist ligand for glucocorticoid receptors (GR), and the activated GR can induce rapid nitric oxide (NO) production in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) via the non-transcriptional PI3K/Akt pathway [8,9]. Moreover, the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways and androgen receptor are involved in the regulation of acute eNOS activation by Rb1 in human aortic endothelial cells [10]. The activated PI3K/Akt pathway leads to phosphorylation of eNOS and increased production of NO [11]. This pathway is a crucial regulator in cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, and a mediator of cellular survival [12,13], which explains the NO-related endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis [14] that was shown to be activities of Rg1 and Rb1. This work reveals that P.N. could decrease blood pressure; Rb1 and Rg1 dilated the coronary arteries, and L-NAME, the selective inhibitor of eNOS, significantly attenuated their vasodilatory effect. Rb1 and Rg1 also increased CAT-1 mRNA involved in altering L-arginine transport. In summary, the major components of P.N. activate the relaxation of coronary arteries via the L-arginine/ eNOS/NO pathway. *Corresponding author: Jian Li, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, CardioVascular Institute Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle. Boston MA 02115, USA, E-mail: JLi@BIDMC.Harvard. edu
The effect of race on rehabilitation utilization among stroke patients in North Carolina

Background and purpose: Stroke care guidelines recommend that all stroke patients are assessed to identify disability and develop an appropriate rehabilitation plan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between race, hospital characteristics, and whether stroke patients in North Carolina were assessed. Methods: The sample included 9,258 African American and White stroke patients. Logit models were used to test the relationship between race, hospital characteristics, and being assessed. Predicted probabilities were calculated to determine the likelihood of being assessed given race and hospital characteristics. Results: Age, length of stay, and ischemic stroke diagnosis were each significantly associated with being assessed. Overall, 92% of patients were assessed. Whites were less likely than African Americans to be assessed, and these differences were small but statistically significant. Patients receiving care at not-for-profit, non-teaching, or large hospitals were more likely to be assessed than patients at for-profit, teaching, or small hospitals, respectively. For-profit status and small size were the hospital characteristics associated with the lowest probability of being assessed. African Americans at for-profit hospitals had the lowest probability of being assessed (82.2%). Conclusion: In general, African Americans had a higher probability of being assessed than Whites. The probability of being assessed was moderated by hospital characteristics.
Detection of stair dimensions for the path planning of a bipedal robot

This paper deals with the detection of the characteristics of stairs, i.e. the number of steps, the step height and the step width for online path planning of a bipedal robot. For the construction of a multi-purpose, mobile platform for service robot applications with special respect to the human environment, a biped is more advantageous than a wheel based robot. In the framework of our studies, the bipedal robot BARt-UH has been built and walking as well as the climbing of stairs have been realized. The environment of the robot is assumed to be structured, consisting of flat surfaces and stairs, but not known in advance. Therefore, a state transition algorithm for intelligent path planning of the robot is suggested. Further, a stereo vision module with a line laser is considered, in order to detect the stair dimensions. The necessary information is extracted from the projection of the line laser onto the stairs. To achieve this, three algorithms were implemented and a comparative study was carried out.
Attenuation of DEN induced hepatocellular carcinoma by a novel synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Solanum villosum (Mill.) leaves

Objective: In today’s fast and furious life, the life style and food habits of people are changing drastically, due to which ninety percent of the population suffers with oxidative stress resulting as ageing process, arthritis, ischemia, neurodegeneration, chronic liver diseases and cancer. The aim of the study is to evaluate the anticancer potential of Solanum villosum leaves against the diethylnitrosamine induced experimental hepatocellular carcinoma in male wistar albino rats.
Differences in the Spatiotemporal Parameters of Transtibial and Transfemoral Amputee Gait

Lower limb amputees have less efficient gait patterns that may in part be due to spatiotemporal asymmetries. Transfemoral (TF) amputees are believed to have greater gait asymmetries than transtibial (TT) amputees, but this has not been clearly established. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of amputation level on step length, width, and time for prosthetic and sound legs. Other spatiotemporal gait parameters of this subject cohort were also reported. Subjects traversed a GaitRite walkway 10 times at their habitual walking speed. Step length, width, and time were selected a priori to compare by amputation level and between sound and prosthetic sides. In addition, a degree of asymmetry (DoA) was calculated and tested for each of these three parameters. This is a cross-sectional/observational study with 15 community ambulating, unilateral lower limb amputees (seven with TT and eight with TF amputation). Prosthetic and sound sides averaged together, TF amputees utilized shorter (62.2 ± 7.0 cm vs. 72.1 ± 7.1 cm, p = 0.0007) and wider (20.7 ± 4.2 cm vs. 15.4 ± 3.1 cm, p = 0.0008) steps that were of longer duration (0.65 ± 0.8 seconds vs. 0.59 ± 0.04 seconds, p = 0.009) than those of TT amputees. The DoA analysis indicated that TF amputee step times were more asymmetrical than those of TT amputees (DoA = −0.08 ± 0.05 vs. 0.01 ± 0.04, p = 0.0008). TF amputees walk with greater temporal, but not spatial, asymmetry than TT amputees.
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many
Traumatic rupture of the urethra

THE purpose of this paper is to report the experimental production of arterial spasm in the limbs of rabbits and to discuss the possible significance of our findings. We began this work in an attempt to find an explanation for some of the changes seen in the limbs of cases of ‘crush syndrome’. Among the reports there were cases presenting clinical
Interpretable machine learning approaches in computational biology

Machine learning has become an essential tool for analyzing, predicting, and understanding biological properties and processes. Machine learning models can substantially support the work of biologists by reducing the number of expensive and time-consuming experiments. They are able to uncover novel properties of biological systems and can be used to guide experiments. Machine learning models have been successfully applied to various tasks ranging from gene prediction to three-dimensional structure prediction of proteins. However, due to their lack of interpretability, many biologists put only little trust in the predictions made by computational models. In this thesis, we show how to overcome the typical “black box” character of machine learning algorithms by presenting two novel interpretable approaches for classification and regression. In the first part, we introduce YLoc, an interpretable classification approach for predicting the subcellular localization of proteins. YLoc is able to explain why a prediction was made by identifying the biological properties with the strongest influence on the prediction. We show that interpretable predictions made by YLoc help to understand a protein’s localization and, moreover, can assist biologists in engineering the location of proteins. Furthermore, YLoc returns confidence scores, making it possible for biologists to define their level of trust in individual predictions. In the second part, we show how our two novel confidence estimators, CONFINE and CONFIVE, can improve the interpretability of MHC-I–peptide binding prediction. In contrast to plain affinity values predicted by usual regression models, CONFINE and CONFIVE estimate affinity intervals, which provide a very natural interpretation of confidence. While low confidence predictions exhibit fairly large intervals, reliable predictions yield a very small range of affinities. We show that distinguishing between
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VENTURE CAPITALISTS INVESTMENT CRITERIA: A CASE FROM CHINA AND PAKISTAN

This paper evaluates a method, intended by formal investors (venture capitalists) while making sound investment decisions and selecting those successful entrepreneurs in the emerging economies by identifying their basic investment criteria. The purpose is extended to compare the criteria used by venture capitalists of both countries along with the related risk profile faced by them. The online questionnaires were sent to the venture capitalists of both countries (selected from the official entities) which are followed up by the interview (face to face and electronic). It is found that venture capitalists of both countries act almost same while evaluating the individual criteria (entrepreneur’s personality and experience) and corporate criteria (Product and Market characteristics). In terms of institutional or environmental criteria, Pakistani VCs are more demanding then Chinese VCs due to the lack of support from the financial and legal institutions. Further, Pakistani VCs attracted by the environmental level risk like country and geographical risk whereas Chinese VCs concentrates on the socio-culture and trade risk. While the VCs of both countries react in the same way to the venture and team level risk. Investment is a multi-stage process. The researchers are encouraged to enhance the investment criteria along with the stages of investment (deal-origination, deal-structuring and due-diligence).
Bokeh Rendering with a Physical Lens

Bokeh is important for the realism and aesthetics of graphical rendering, but hard to simulate. In this paper, we propose a novel method that conceptually shoots a 3D display with a physical camera. While a high-quality 3D display is not available, we render the 3D scene layer by layer on a 2D display, and shoot each rendered layer with a physical camera whose focus is adjusted to produce the right amount of blurs. The pure colours and opacities of each layer are extracted by a matting technique and then combined into a single image by alpha blending. The proposed method provides an alternative to bokeh simulation by purely computational algorithms.
Novel Precoding Based PAPR Reduction Schemes for Localized OFDMA Uplink of LTE-A

High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction is still a major challenge in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems. The subcarrier mapping in OFDMA can be done in two modes, Localized mode and Distributed mode. The Localized mode is more suitable for the practical implementations than the Distributed mode due to its low sensitivity against the imperfect power control, phase noise and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI). In this paper, we propose two novel precoding based Multi-Carrier (MC) Multiple Access (MA) techniques for PAPR reduction, ZadoffChu precoding based Localized-OFDMA (L-OFDMA) technique and Generalized Chirp Like (GCL) precoding based L-OFDMA technique for L-OFDMA uplink systems of upcoming Long Term Evaluation-Advanced (LTE-A) system. These techniques are based on precoding the constellation symbols with Zadoff-Chu precoder and GCL precoder. The proposed techniques can reduce PAPR up to 6.5dB for L-OFDMA. It is noticeable from the computer simulation results, that the PAPR of our proposed precoding based MC systems have approximately equal PAPR as compared to the PAPR of competing technology called Localized Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access SC-FDMA (LFDMA) system. LFDMA is implemented in release 8 of Long Term Evaluation (LTE). Additionally, these precoding based PAPR reduction techniques also takes the advantage of the frequency variations of the communication channel and can also offer substantial performance gain in fading multipath channels
Le tourisme durable dans les Suds : solution ou mirage ?

Cet article, dans un premier temps, identifie et d’explique les multiples denominations qui qualifient des formes alternatives de tourisme relevant d’un tourisme “durable”, tout en soulignant les ambivalences et les contradictions. Dans un deuxieme temps, il analyse les potentialites et les limites de deux formes particulieres de tourisme durable, plus institutionnalisees que d’autres : l’ecotourisme et le tourisme communautaire de nature, a l’aide des decalages constates entre discours et pratiques dans plusieurs territoires des Suds.
Concept acquisition through attribute evolution and experiment selection

Robots must perform tasks despite the inevitable uncertainties that exist in their environment. Uncertainties arise from many sources. Feeders deliver parts with some uncertainty. Copies of the same part are not identical, but vary within specified tolerances. Sensing allows a robot to significantly reduce uncertainty and thereby extend the range of possible tasks. Sensor-based programs, however, are difficult to write, and are seldom, if ever, applicable to other tasks. Hence, automatic synthesis of robot programs is clearly desirable. Lozano-Perez, Mason, and Taylor (29) developed a framework for automatic synthesis of fine-motion strategies. The fundamental element in their framework is the pre-image: the set of states from which a goal can be attained in a single motion. Given a process for constructing pre-images, backward-chaining is used to formulate a complete plan. Analytic techniques can often be used to construct pre-images. When analytic techniques are not available, empirical techniques can be used to construct the pre-images. This thesis presents a method for learning from examples that allows robots to inductively construct a description of the pre-images for a set of goals given a set of actions that achieve the goals. Learning from examples may be viewed as the search for consistent and concise concept descriptions derived from a set of training examples. Most of the previous research in this area assumes that the concept description language is static and that an outside source selects appropriate training examples. Unfortunately, these assumptions are not appropriate for learning pre-images. This thesis develops CAT, a general data-driven method that semi-incrementally learns multiple disjunctive concept descriptions from examples. The system tolerates bounded measurement noise, dynamically evolves a concept description language, and actively selects training examples. The language evolution and experiment selection mechanisms improve the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the constructed representations.
Reasons for Implementing Public-Private Partnership in Road Construction: Perspective from State-Owned Agencies and Private Sector in Ghana

Presently, there is a request by various stakeholders in the road construction sector to embrace public-private partnership (PPP) as an alternative means of solving the road infrastructure deficit in Ghana. To this end, the study sought to identify the underlying reasons for implementing public-private partnership in road construction in Ghana. It also intends to examine the differences in the perception of these reasons by the State-owned Road Agencies (SRA) (who represent the government) and the Private Sector (PS). A questionnaire survey was used to elicit the perceptions of the SRA and PS on the underlying reasons for implementing PPP in road construction in Ghana. An in-depth interview was also conducted among four PPP “experts” in Ghana. Seventy-six functional responses were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) to rank the importance of the reasons based on the overall responses, as well as the responses from both the SRA and the PS and to examine the differences in the perceptions between the two groups. “Shortage of government funding”, “Political pressure”, “Economic development pressure of demanding more facilities”, “accelerate project development”, “Allowance for shared risk”, “Ability to raise funds for project by private sector”, and “Facilitate creative and innovative approaches” were found to be the seven most important reasons for adopting PPP in road construction in Ghana. In terms of the differences in perception between the SRA and PS groups, the hypothesis test results indicated that significant differences exist for only a few of the reasons.
Understanding low uptake of colorectal cancer screening in South East London : exploration of demographic, psychological, social and cultural factors

2 Acknowledgements.3 Abbreviations.4 Table of Figures.10 Table of Tables.11 Chapter 1 Thesis Overview.13 1.1 Chapter overview . 13 1.2 Background . 13 1.3 The screening process . 14 1.4 Uptake of Screening . 16 1.5 Key research questions . 18 1.6 Overview of Chapters . 18 Chapter 2 Conceptualising Ethnicity and SES.20 2.1 Chapter overview . 20 2.2 Uptake of CRC screening in the UK . 20 2.3 Ethnicity . 23 2.4 Ethnic inequalities in health . 24 2.5 Measurement of ethnicity in the UK . 25 2.6 Definition of ethnicity employed in this thesis . 27 2.7 Socio-economic status/situation . 29 2.8 SES inequalities in health . 30 2.9 Measurement of SES . 30 2.9. 1 Socio-demographic factors . 32 Area of residence . 32 2.9. 2 Social and economic indicators . 33 Educational attainment . 33 Income . 34 Employment status . 36 Occupational social class . 37 Social Capital . 40 Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) . 42 2.10 Definition of SES used in this thesis . 43
Performance of WLAN under HTTP, FTP and DATABASE server for Wireless and Wire-line Network

This paper analysis the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) using different parameters based on OPNET. Here OPNET is used to develop a new suitable model for campus/university environment. Our model was calculated to measure the performance of parameters of the wireless local area network based on such campus/university environment. Our model was tested against three types of applications (database, http and ftp) in four sites and found that among a set of other parameters Delay and Throughput were highly affected by the number of users per application with and without load balancing. OPNET simulation showed the impact of loan balancing on wireless and wire-line network for three different types of applications. KeywordsWLAN, BER, MAD.
The Systematic Review: A Potential Tool for Research-Grounded Library Management

The systematic review process, as defined for the health sciences, is examined as a potential tool for integrating research into library management. Issues are identified concerning the management environment, the research and its application. Suggestions are made to modify the process to make it more suitable for the LIS field. Le processus de revue systematique, tel que defini par les sciences de la sante, est examine comme un outil potentiel pour integrer la recherche en gestion des bibliotheques. Des problemes concernant l’environnement de gestion, la recherche et son application sont identifies. Des suggestions sont faites pour modifier le processus afin de le rendre plus adapte au domaine de la BSI.
Ocular aberrations manipulation with adaptive optics and its application

Adaptive optics (AO) techniques allow to measure and manipulate the wavefront aberrations in real time. This technology was first successfully applied to the manipulation of ocular aberrations, and high resolution retinal images and "supernormal vision" were achieved in vivo for the first time in 1997. Subsequently, adaptive optics were developed rapidly in ophthalmology. This field includes two main directions: high resolution imaging of the retina and the research of ocular aberrations manipulation and its influence on visual function. In 2011, professor D. R. Williams from Rochester University and Professor Austin Roorda from California University made two comprehensive overviews on retinal high-resolution imaging and ocular aberrations manipulation and its influence on visual function, respectively. In 1997, reseachers in Institute of Optics and Electronics took the lead in developing of adaptive optics technology in China. This article firstly introduces the principle of ocular adaptive optical system briefly, and then reports the main research progress of Institute of Optics and Electronics in this field for the last five years.
Study on New Task Scheduling Strategy in Cloud Computing Environment Based on the Simulator CloudSim

In this paper, the principle and mechanism of CloudSim is analyzed. The layered architecture of CloudSim is emphasized, including user code layer, cloud resource layer, cloud service layer, network layer, virtual machine service layer and user interface structure layer. Based on these works, taking the task scheduling in cloud environment as a research object, five task scheduling algorithms are proposed and are extended into CloudSim platform. Then a specific cloud simulation scene is deployed and five simulation experiments are carried out. The cloud computing simulation and the extension of task scheduling strategy in CloudSim become easily by the help of such works.