Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tillitsbaserad styrning: Ett ramverk

Detta PM foreslar ett forsta ramverk for begreppet tillitsbaserad styrning. En teoretisk och en praktisk definition av tillitsbaserad styrning foreslas. Baserat pa en klassisk modell fran den internationella tillitsforskningen antas tilliten utga fran en bedomning av tillitsvardigheten hos motparten, givet dennes formaga (kunskap, m.m.), dennes integritet och dennes hjalpvillighet. Det slas vidare fast att foljsamhet mot lagar och regelverk ar en utgangspunkt, liksom genomforande av politiskt fattade beslut, men att en tillitsbaserad styrning innebar att yrkesprofessionella bor konsulteras aven i de processer som ligger till grund for lagstiftning och politikutformning. Tillitens granser och forutsattningar diskuteras och sju konkreta modeller for denna typ av styrning foreslas. Till dessa modeller hor minskad detaljstyrning samt placering av administrativa uppgifter i sarskilda administrativa funktioner. Malet ar att, genom att battre ta tillvara medarbetarnas kompetens och engagemang, astadkomma battre service till brukaren och okad samverkan kring dennes behov. (Less)
Feature oriented fuzzy logic based web spam detection

Abstract With Internet becoming an inevitable part of the global community and the huge amount of data resources present on the internet, the problem of malicious content present has become very serious. These spams can be introduced through many ways on the internet. Web spams involve the hike in the search engine index by manipulating the content of the web pages. To tailor the demands of the tricky spam algorithms, the hybrid use of crucial spamming features is inevitable. This paper presents the classification of web pages as spam, undecided and non-spam using a fuzzy classifier by evaluating the spamicity, the degree to which a web page is spammed. In order to gauge the performance of the proposed scheme, we evaluated the accuracy of our classifier and also performed comparative analysis with jrip classifier and naïve Bayesian classifier through experiments.
The carnivalesque factor in southern African HIV pandemic

We tend to link different cultures with different parts of the world. However, different cultures may develop in the same society, in overlapping geographical space. Some of the most interesting cultures are those found among marginal groups, such as within youth and people with different sexual orientations. I have termed these cultures carnivalesque and I argue that they have important similarities with southern African cultures. Considering them together provides insights that could improve our ability to respond to the HIV crisis. The carnivalesque factor in southern African HIV pandemic
Does exclusion of protest zeros and warm-glow bidders cause selection bias in Contingent Valuation ? An empirical case study in a Natura 2000 wetland area

A great issue of concern in valuation studies is whether respondents provide trustworthy and reliable answers conditional on the perceived information. Respondent may report either a higher than the true Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) due to warm glow or embedding effects or zero WTP which is lower than the true WTP due to protest behavior. We conduct a contingent valuation study to estimate the WTP for conserving a Natura 2000 wetland area in Greece. We find that 54% of the positive bidders exert warm glow motivations while 29% of all responses can be classified as protest zero bids. We employ three different models to test for the potential impacts of how these positive warm glow and protest zero bidders are treated. We first exclude the warm glow cases, secondly we include them, and, finally, we correct for selection bias by using the Full Information Maximum Likelihood method for grouped data model. Our findings show that removal of warm glow positive bidders does not distort the WTP estimate in any significant way. However, using the same approach for protest zero bidders, we find strong evidence of selection bias associated with removal of protest zero responses. Specifically, WTP estimates obtained after removal of protest responses are found to be biased downwards and the aggregated welfare measures would be significantly underestimated in our case. These results suggest that there could be serious consequences associated with the common approach of removing protest zero bidders in CVM.
The dynamics of cannabis use and dependence

background. Frequent cannabis users are at high risk of dependence, still most (near) daily users are not dependent. It is unknown why some frequent users develop dependence, whereas others do not. This study aims to identify predictors of firstincidence DSM-IV cannabis dependence in frequent cannabis users. methods. A prospective cohort of frequent cannabis users (aged 18-30; N=600) with baseline and two follow-up assessments (18 and 36 months) was used. Only participants without lifetime diagnosis of DSM-IV cannabis dependence at baseline (N=269) were selected. Incidence of DSM-IV cannabis dependence was established using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0. Variables assessed as potential predictors of the development of cannabis dependence included sociodemographic factors, cannabis use variables (e.g. motives, consumption habits, cannabis exposure), vulnerability factors (e.g. childhood adversity, family history of mental disorders or substance use problems, personality, mental disorders), and stress factors (e.g. life events, social support). results. Three-year cumulative incidence of cannabis dependence was 37.2% (95% CI = 30.743.8%). Independent predictors of the first incidence of cannabis dependence included: living alone, coping motives for cannabis use, number and type of recent negative life events (major financial problems), and number and type of cannabis use disorder symptoms (impaired control over use). Cannabis exposure variables and stable vulnerability factors did not independently predict first incidence of cannabis dependence. conclusions. In a high risk population of young adult frequent cannabis users, current problems are more important predictors of first incidence cannabis dependence than the level and type of cannabis exposure and stable vulnerability factors. keywords. Cannabis dependence, frequent cannabis use, risk factors, longitudinal, exposure. peggy van der pol, nienke liebregts, ron de Graaf, dirk j. korf, wim van den brink,
The Political Economy of Redistributive Taxation and Growth : Reconciling Theory with Evidence ∗

The so-called fiscal policy approach predicts that a relatively poorer middle class (i.e., a lower median/mean income ratio) should lead to more redistributive efforts, and thereby to lower growth. While the reduced form prediction appears to be consistent with the data, the individual mechanisms have at best received only limited support. In fact, some studies even find a positive link between the income share of the middle class and redistribution, and between taxation and growth. We construct a political-economy endogenous growth model which demonstrates that these puzzling patterns may arise if one fails to take the impact of economic institutions on growth and inequality into account. We argue this reconciles the theory with the seemingly conflicting evidence.
Design and fabrication of an electrode for low-actuation-voltage electrowetting-on-dielectric devices

This paper presents the design and fabrication of an electrode for low-actuation-voltage electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) devices. The electrode which takes advantage of a novel shape is used to develop an EWOD device. The fabrication process for the electrode and the device development includes laser exposure, wet developing, etching, and stripping. A dielectric layer of 5% (wt. /wt.) Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is used for the electrode insulation. In addition, a very thin (50 nm) layer of Teflon is coated on the EWOD surface to provide hydrophobicity. It is observed that a thin and high dielectric-constant layer can reduce the actuation voltage in the EWOD device. An actuation voltage of 14.8 V was achieved by the EWOD device. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of School of Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering & Built Environment, Deakin University.
The macroeconomic determinants of stock market synchronization

This paper focuses on the macroeconomic variables underlying comovements between stock market returns for fifteen industrialised countries over the period 1973 to 1997. Synchronization is measured by a correlation coefficient, possibly adjusted for changes in volatility following Forbes and Rigobon (2002). Explanatory variables include the intensity of trade relations, the degree of financial integration, and the nature of the exchange rate regime. Trade and financial integration contribute positively to synchronization, while a fixed exchange rate regime increases comovements, in particular when the institutional mechanism requires mutual interventions. Other factors such as the similarity of economic structure across countries, informational asymmetries and a common language also contribute to stock market synchronization. JEL Classification: E44, F15, F21, F36, G15.
Selection of Environmental Parameters for Pinus halepensis in Castilla y León ( Spain ) through Geostatistical Techniques

Planning and management of biomass (including resources, biofuels and composting processes) require knowledge of the areas of tree species distribution. Geographic information systems (GIS) and geostatistical techniques have proved to be very useful tools to develop models of climate estimation, habitat determinations, biomass quality, changes in soil organic carbon storage, potential areas and connectivities. In this study, (i) several physiographic, climatic, edaphic and forestry parameters have been elaborated from the sampling data; (ii) a space-correlation analysis has been prepared by means of a digital elevation model (DEM); and (iii) a trend analysis has been carried out for each environmental variable under study. In Castilla y Leon (central Spain), semivariograms for climate and physiographic variables are unimodal, quasi-symmetrical, continuous and show a gradual evolution. In the plains of Castilla, with presence of forest masses of carrasco pine (Pinus halepensis), the distributions are more continuous and present totally homogenous distribution surfaces. In order to study on a parametrical autoecology model the ecological aptitude of our territory to establishing stable carrasco pine stands, we have developed a habitat classification system for P. halepensis in Castilla y Leon based on multiple regression analysis. The optimal areas are located in the provinces of Palencia and Valladolid, in the Duero Cenozoic Basin and the species that shows the best quality is located in one unit known as the “Facies Cuestas” which has a clear lacustrine character. A connectivity network for our species is presented with the aim of promoting a Regional Forest Rearrangement Plan. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Magnetometer-free Realtime Inertial Motion Tracking by Exploitation of Kinematic Constraints in 2-DoF Joints

Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are used to track the motion of kinematic chains in a wide variety of robotic and biomedical applications. However, inertial motion tracking is severely limited by the fact that magnetic fields are inhomogeneous in indoor environments and near electronic devices. Methods that use only accelerations and angular rates for orientation estimation yield no absolute heading information and suffer from heading drift. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel method that exploits an orientation-based kinematic constraint in joints with two degrees of freedom (DoF), such as cardan joints, saddle joints, the human wrists, elbow or ankles. The method determines the relative heading of the joint segments in real time by minimization of a nonlinear cost function. A filter for singularity treatment ensures accurate tracking during motion phases for which the cost function minimum is ambiguous. We experimentally validate the method in metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints between the palm and the fingers. Accurate relative orientation tracking is achieved continuously despite several singular motion phases and even though the heading components of the 6D orientations drift by more than 360 degrees within ten minutes. The proposed method overcomes a major limitation of inertial motion tracking and thereby facilitates the use of this technology in robotic and biomechanical applications.
Designing visual interface for nutrition tracking of patients with Parkinson ’ s disease

In this paper, we describe the design of a visual interface of a mobile a mobile app for tracking nutrients and foods consumed by patients with Parkinson’s disease. The interface should enable the patients to recognize objects on the screen, easily perceive their function and interact with them thus providing an efficient way of entering the dietary intake data. The app has been validated by five patients and the preliminary results are encouraging.
A Review of New Product Development (NDP) in Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM)

The dynamic growth of industry, driven by the emerging needs towards sustainable environment, has made multiple life cycle product into an important aspect in providing the result for efficient supply chain management from as early as the design stage. Due to these current needs, the focused is to provide it with a flexible framework to be implemented for various multiple life cycle products meant to be remanufactured. This paper explores the literature review carried out for sustainable supply chain management in new product development. It is also intended to strengthen the requirements for any new products, of which should be designed to incorporate the multiple life cycle identity. The objective has therefore been to develop a practicable framework that will be tested for identified any products and determine whether it is a requirement in the initial design of new product development. In summary, this research will provide a better perception and act as a guideline for new product development. The idea is innovative to assist product designers to collaborate with supply chain managers to retain the science of multiple life cycle products.
A Novel Design of Multilevel Inverter Topology with Reduced Switch

Introduction The multilevel voltage source inverters unique structure allows them to reach high voltages with low harmonics without use of transformers or series connected synchronized switching devices. The general function of the multilevel inverter is to synthesize a desired voltage from dc voltages. For this reason multilevel inverters can easily provide the high power required of a large electric drives. As the number increases the synchronized output waveform has more steps, which produces a staircase waveform that approaches a desired waveform. Also as more steps are added to the waveform the harmonic distortion of the output wave decreases approaching zero as the number of levels increases. Numerous industrial applications have begun to require higher power apparatus in recent years. Some medium voltage motor drives and utility applications require medium voltage and megawatt power level. As a result, a multilevel power converter structure has been introduced as an alternative in high power and medium voltage situations. A multilevel converter not only achieves high power ratings, but also enables the use of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind, and fuel cells can be easily interfaced to a multilevel converter system.
The period analysis methodology in survival analysis: Towards more up-to-date monitoring of long-term survival rates

Long-term survival rates are increasing for various forms of cancer in many countries. It would be highly desirable that cancer registries could detect such increases as timely as possible. However, traditional estimates of long-term survival, which are derived by cohort-based types of analysis [1-3], essentially reflected the survival expectations of patients diagnosed many years ago. A few years ago, a new methodology of survival analysis, denoted period analysis, has been introduced that enables more up-to-date estimates of long-term survival rates [4, 5]. This review gives a short outline of the new methodology, its statistical background, empirical evaluation, computational realization and applications. The period principle
Pedestrian Detection by Combining the Spatio and Temporal Features

In this paper, we brought out a novel spatio-temporal HOG feature for the pedestrian detection under complex condition such as the cluttered background and various human appearances. Both the spatio and temporal image gradients are selected to set up the Spatio-Temporal HOG features (hereafter called as STHOG) for describing the human shape and movement character. Compared with the conventional HOG feature, the STHOG feature can effectively identify the human-like background regions because the movements of human and such regions are completely different in the video sequence. A STHOG-based pedestrian detector is learned from the training data by the Adaboost algorithm. Various experiments have confirmed the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed STHOG pedestrian detector.
Denoising ECG Signal using Adaptive Filter Algorithms and Cubic Spline Interpolation for Regaining Missing data points of ECG in Telecardilogy System

Maintaining one’s health is a fundamental human right although one billion people do not have access to quality healthcare services. Telemedicine can help medical facilities reach their previously inaccessible target community. The Telecardiology system designed and implemented in this research work is based on the use of local market electronics. In this research work we tested three algorithms named as LMS (Least Mean Square), NLMS (Normalized Mean Square), and RLS (Recursive Least Square). We have used 250 mV amplitude ECG signal from MIT-BIH database and 5mV(2 % of original ECG signal), 10 mV(4% of original ECG) 15mV (6% of original ECG),20 mV(8% of original ECG signal) and 25mV(10% of original ECG signal) of random noise and white Gaussian noise is added with ECG signal and Adaptive filter with three different algorithms have been used to reduce the noise that is added during transmission through the telemedicine system. Normalized mean square error was calculated and our MATLAB simulation results suggest that RLS performs better than other two algorithms to reduce the noise from ECG. During analog transmission of ECG signal through existing Telecommunication network some data points may be lost and we have theoretically used Cubic Spline interpolation to regain missing data points. We have taken 5000 data points of ECG Signal from MIT-BIH database. The normalized mean square error was calculated for regaining missing data points of the ECG signal and it was very less in all the conditions. Cubic Spline Interpolation function on MATLAB platform could be a good solution for regaining missing data points of original ECG signal sent through our proposed Telecardiology system but practically it may not be efficient one
Route‐Aware Edge Bundling for Visualizing Origin‐Destination Trails in Urban Traffic

Origin‐destination (OD) trails describe movements across space. Typical visualizations thereof use either straight lines or plot the actual trajectories. To reduce clutter inherent to visualizing large OD datasets, bundling methods can be used. Yet, bundling OD trails in urban traffic data remains challenging. Two specific reasons hereof are the constraints implied by the underlying road network and the difficulty of finding good bundling settings. To cope with these issues, we propose a new approach called Route Aware Edge Bundling (RAEB). To handle road constraints, we first generate a hierarchical model of the road‐and‐trajectory data. Next, we derive optimal bundling parameters, including kernel size and number of iterations, for a user‐selected level of detail of this model, thereby allowing users to explicitly trade off simplification vs accuracy. We demonstrate the added value of RAEB compared to state‐of‐the‐art trail bundling methods on both synthetic and real‐world traffic data for tasks that include the preservation of road network topology and the support of multiscale exploration.
DDFV scheme for discontinuous anisotropic permeability tensors

In this work we derive a formulation for discontinuous diffusion tensor for the Discrete Duality Finite Volume (DDFV) framework that is exact for affine solutions. In fact, DDFV methods can naturally handle anisotropic or non-linear problems on general distorded meshes. Nonetheless, a special treatment is required when the diffusion tensor is discontinuous across an internal interfaces shared by two control volumes of the mesh. In such a case, two different gradients are considered in the two subdiamonds centered at that interface and the flux conservation is imposed through an auxiliary variable at the interface.
Geographic Automata Systems : From The Paradigm to the Urban Modeling Software

The concept of Geographic Automata System (GAS) formalizes an object-based view of city structure and functioning; OBEUS software implements this view on the operational level. The paper presents the basic components of the latest version of OBEUS, which is based on . NET technology and developed according to OODBMS logic. We claim that all urban Cellular Automata and MultiAgent models we are aware of can be represented as GAS and implemented as OBEUS applications. GAS and OBEUS can thus serve as a universal framework for object-based urban simulations.
Noise Filtration in the Digital Images Using Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic

In this paper, existing methods for filtering noise in digital images are considered. The following noise filtration methods were analyzed: arithmetic averaging filter, geometric averaging filter, median filtering, adaptive median filtration, Gaussian filtration and filtration using fuzzy logic, in particular the fuzzy color preserving Gaussian noise reduction method (FCG filter). Besides, the different types of noise that may occur on a digital image are discussed. All methods were evaluated using metrics like mean squared error, peak signal-tonoise ratio and structure similarity. It has been found that all of the above methods can well filter out only a certain type of noise. Pulse noise on a digital image better removed with median and adaptive median filtering. Gaussian noise better removed with averaging, Gaussian and FGG filters. In this paper, a combination of adaptive median filtering and FGG filter is proposed for removal of combined pulse and Gaussian noises.