Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal and Infrared Spectroscopic Studies on Hydrogen-Bonding Interaction between Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Catechin

The effects of catechin on the properties of bacterially synthesized isotactic poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (i-PHB) and chemosynthesized highly-syndiotactic poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (s-PHB) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). In both PHB/catechin blend systems, the composition-dependent single glass transition temperature was observed. By using FT-IR, the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds was found between the carbonyl of PHB and the hydroxyl of catechin. The strength of intermolecular hydrogen bonds of s-PHB/catechin blends, i-PHB /catechin blends and pure catechin is in this order, i.e., s-PHB/catechin blends < i-PHB/catechin blends < pure catechin. The crystallization of either i-PHB or s-PHB was found to be restrained by the existence of catechin, and both i-PHB and s-PHB are miscible with catechin in the amorphous phase due to the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding. The effect of different stereochemical structures of i-PHB and s-PHB on the PHB-catechin interaction has been discussed.
Adsorption of Antibiotics by Montmorillonite and Kaolinite

Agricultural antibiotics are commonly present in animal manures that are applied to soil. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of pH, ionic strength, background electrolyte cation type, and dissolved organic C (DOC) concentration on the adsorption of chlortetracycline (CTC), tylosin (TYL), and sulfamethazine (SMT) to montmorillonite and kaolinite. Surface complexation and isotherm models were used to analyze antibiotic adsorption. Adsorption of CTC and TYL decreased with increasing pH and ionic strength. Adsorption also decreased when Ca 2+ was substituted for Na + as the background electrolyte and when DOC was added. The CTC and TYL isotherms were Langmuirian. We concluded that ion exchange was the predominant process responsible for CTC and TYL retention. The adsorption of SMT generally decreased with increasing pH in response to the deprotonation of the phenolic amine group and the formation of the nonionic SMT molecule. The retention of SMT was generally unaffected by ionic strength and background electrolyte type, and the isotherms were either linear (montmorillonite) or S type; however, adsorption increased on the addition of DOC and the isotherm was Langmuirian. We postulated that ion exchange was the predominant retention mechanism for SMT in pH < 4 systems but that weak nonionic interactions predominated in the pH 5 to 6 range. Antibiotic adsorption as a function of pH was satisfactorily characterized by surface complexation models that considered outer sphere complexation (cation exchange), although these models were not unique (models that considered inner sphere complexation also satisfactorily described adsorption). Similarly, the adsorption isotherms were generally well characterized by the Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm model.
Evidence that fungi can oxidize NH4+ to NO3− in a grassland soil

The contribution of bacteria and fungi to NH4+ and organic N (Norg) oxidation was determined in a grassland soil (pH 6.3) by using the general bacterial inhibitor streptomycin or the fungal inhibitor cycloheximide in a laboratory incubation study at 20°C. Each inhibitor was applied at a rate of 3 mg g−1 oven‐dry soil. The size and enrichment of the mineral N pools from differentially (NH415NO3 and 15NH4NO3) and doubly labelled (15NH415NO3) NH4NO3 were measured at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after N addition. Labelled N was applied to each treatment, to supply NH4+‐N and NO3−‐N at 3.15 μmol N g−1 oven‐dry soil. The N treatments were enriched to 60 atom % excess in 15N and acetate was added at 100 μmol C g−1 oven‐dry soil, to provide a readily available carbon source. The oxidation rates of NH4+ and Norg were analysed separately for each inhibitor treatment with a 15N tracing model. In the absence of inhibitors, the rates of NH4+ oxidation and organic N oxidation were 0.0045 μmol N g−1 hour−1 and 0.0023 μmol N g−1 hour−1, respectively. Streptomycin had no effect on nitrification but cycloheximide inhibited the oxidation of NH4+ by 89% and the oxidation of organic N by more than 30%. The current study provides evidence to suggest that nitrification in grassland soil is carried out by fungi and that they can simultaneously oxidize NH4+ and organic N.
La evolución tecnológica y la necesidad de crear nuevas metodologías para la seguridad digital en el siglo XXI

Los riesgos tecnologicos son en gran parte desconocidos e inciertos. La revolucion digital ha multiplicado de manera exponencial todos los datos que las distintas empresas, instituciones, centros educativos, organismos internaciones y administraciones publicas vuelcan a la red, lo que conlleva a que los diferentes usuarios de Internet puedan consultarlos a diario. Debido a esta generacion de contenido ingente de informacion, se hace esencial que la ciberseguridad de los proximos anos sea optima en la era digital.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY SODIUM LEVELS ON BLOOD ELECTROLYTES, GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FOOT PAD DERMATITIS INCIDENCE IN TURKEYS*

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different dietary sodium levels on serum macroelement concentrations, growth performance and incidence of foot pad dermatitis (FPD) in female turkeys raised to six weeks of age. The influence of a lowsodium diet (without additional sodium) and diets supplemented with NaCl to increase sodium content by 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g kg–1 was compared. The dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) was high (242-248 mEq kg–1) due to a high potassium content (11.0 g kg–1). Turkeys fed the low-sodium diet were characterized by significantly lower concentrations of chloride (p=0.002) and phosphorus (p<0.001), and significantly higher magnesium levels (p<0.001), compared with the other groups. The lowest dietary inclusion of sodium (0.5 g kg –1 ) contributed to a significant increase in the body weights of turkeys at six weeks of age (p<0.001), and it improved feed conversion efficiency (p<0.001) in comparison with the low-sodium diet. No significant differences in body weight and feed conversion ratio followed experimental treatments with higher dietary NaCl addition. Diets supplemented with different amounts of sodium had no effect on litter moisture content, whereas the incidence of FPD increased significantly following the addition of dietary sodium at 1.0 g kg–1 to 2.5 g kg–1, compared with the low-sodium diet. The results of our study indicate that moderate sodium supplementation (0.5 g kg–1) of a sodium-deficient diet significantly increased the body weights of young
Using TED Talks for EFL Learners to Boost Their Speaking Skill

: We are as an English lecturer needs to bring technology in our EFL classroom. A technology is a good solution to improve students’ English skill. One of the technologies that can be used in EFL classroom is a TED talks. A TED talks is one of the solution to overcome the students’ problems especially in their speaking skill. In this study, the researcher focused on implementing TED talks in her speaking class in order to improve the students’ speaking skill. Besides, she wants to know the classroom situation when TED talks is implemented in speaking class. This study is Classroom Action Research which is divided into 2 cycles. Based on the result of the study, there is improvement in students’ speaking skill through the use of TED talks. It can be seen from the students’ score in cycle 1 (72) from pre-test (60). Then 78 in cycle 2 from 72 in cycle 1. The classroom situation can be described as follows: 1) the students were more interested in speaking class; 2) the students were more active in giving feedback to other students; 3) the students have many ideas to speaking in front of the class.
Detection of Iodine Atoms by an Atomic Fluorescence Technique: Application to Study of Diffusion and Wall Recombination

An atomic fluorescence method has been used to detect iodine atoms in concentrations lower than 1010/cm3. The heart of the apparatus is a “solar‐blind” photomultiplier having practically no sensitivity to radiation of wavelengths longer than 2500 A, but with good response in the region of the two strong iodine atomic resonance lines near 1800 A. In combination with a small photolysis flashlamp, the system is used to study recombination of ground‐state (2P3/2) iodine atoms in pure I2 vapor. At pressures below 0.2 torr the removal of atoms is seen to be predominantly a first‐order diffusion‐controlled process, characterized by a wall sticking probability of 0.040–0.065 and a binary diffusion cross section of 100 A2. The reaction I+I2→I3 is found to be of minor significance in this study; a rough estimate indicates that fewer than one in 104 I–I2 collisions lead to the formation of I3.
Temperature response of whole-plant CO2 exchange rates of four upland cotton cultivars differing in leaf shape and leaf pubescence

It seems likely that CO2 exchange rates of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars differing in leaf shape and leaf pubescence would respond differently to heat stress due to differences in boundary layer thickness. The objective of this study was to determine if CO2 exchange rates in commercially available cotton cultivars differing in leaf shape and leaf pubescence respond differently to heat stress under well-watered conditions. CO2 exchange rates of whole plants of four cultivars (‘FiberMax 832’, ‘Stoneville 474’, ‘DeltaPine 5690’ and ‘Paymaster 1220’) were measured at eight different temperatures (6 to 34°C) in 4°C steps. Net photosynthesis (Pnet) of the plants decreased at temperatures over 20C, while dark respiration (Rdark) increased exponentially with increasing temperature. Cotton cultivar did not influence the response of Pnet or Rdark to high temperature stress. Carbon use efficiency (CUE) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were highest at lower temperatures and became negative at temperatures higher than 32°C. The initial temperature response of CUE and NAR differed significantly between ‘FiberMax 832’ and the other cultivars. Carbon use efficiency and NAR of ‘FiberMax 832’ decreased at a greater rate with increasing temperature. Due to the fact that the okra leaf of ‘FiberMax 832’ is deeply lobed and smooth, one would expect this cultivar to possess a thinner boundary layer and enhanced heat tolerance under well-watered conditions, which was not the case.
Decolorization and Degradation of Erioglaucine (Acid Blue 9) Dye in Wastewater

Erioglaucine (CAS No. 3844-45-9) is a widely used acid aminotriphenylmethane dye of an intense blue color. Erioglaucine containing wastewater streams are not affected by activated sludge treatment plants. Therefore, pretreatment is necessary before discharging. In the industry the standard procedure is to use NaOCl for this purpose. Experiments showed that wastewater treated with this method could contain between 100 and 200 mg l−1 of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOX) compounds of a questionable ecotoxicological relevance. Alternative treatment methods with reagents containing H2O2 have been investigated. The experimental results are assessed in terms of color and DOC reduction, H2O2 consumption, and enhancement of biodegradability. A combination of activated carbon and H2O2 proved not to be a viable alternative. Treatment with Fentons reagent (H2O2 and Fe2+) was found to be effective in terms of color removal as well as enhanced biodegradability. In the optimum operating range of pH and H2O2/Fe2+ ratio 5.
Otimização e validação de método para determinação de ácidos orgânicos em vinhos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência

The organic acids (tartaric, malic, citric, lactic and succinic) are de main components responsible for the acidity in the wine. This method for simultaneous determination of organic acids and interfering peaks in wines can be achieved in 16 min. The sample preceded by a dilution and filtration step. The chromatographic separation required one reversed phase column, isocratic mobile phase (acetonitrila, formic acid in water) and detection wavelength was set at 212 nm. The validation confirmed good repeatability, recovery and application in red and white wines.
Quantum transport through single molecules

This thesis describes three-terminal transport measurements through single molecules. The interest in this field stems from the dream that single molecules will form the building blocks for future nanoscale electronic devices. The advantages are their small size -nanometers-, and their synthetic tailorability which allows the molecules to be designed with built-in functionality. Many efforts in experimental research are nowadays devoted to understand electrical transport though single molecules. Several techniques are used for this purpose: scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), mechanical controllable break junctions (MCBJ), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and shadow evaporation. The method used throughout our work to fabricate nanogaps is named electromigration. We show that after trapping a molecule in the nanogap, a molecule at low temperatures behaves as a quantum dot (QD), i.e., a system where electrons can be placed in discrete energy states. The control over the number of electrons that can sit on the molecule is achieved by the voltage on a third electrode, the gate, which is capacitively coupled to the QD. Transport measurements, which consist of taking current-voltage characteristics as a function of this gate voltage, reveal important spectroscopic information about the molecule.
Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi dan Kepribadian Dosen terhadap Niat untuk Meninggalkan Organisasi pada Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam Swasta (PTAIS) di Kota Pekanbaru

The population in this study is composed of lecturers Lecturers conjunct (DPK), Lecturer and Lecturer Still Not Fixed in 4 (four) Islamic University Private (PTAIS) in Pekanbaru the FAI accredited UIR, STAI Al- Azhar, STAI Diniyah Princess, and STEI IQRO Annisa in 2008 with the number of 148 respondents. Sampling techniques performed by the method of proportionate stratified random sampling of 60 respondents. In analyzing the data used qualitative and quantitative methods, then the results of these studies in the analysis using multiple linear regression to model 1 and multiple linear regression with dummy variables to model 2. For model 1, together Climate organization consisting of organizational structure, responsibilities, rewards and support systems significantly influence intention to leave the organization, with 31.67 F count is greater than the F table 2.53. As for model 2, taken together organizational structure, responsibilities, rewards and support systems as well as lecturers of Personality Dominance self and social behavior of individuals significantly influence intention to leave the organization, with F 13.981 count is greater than the F table 2.25 . Then using a model of multiple linear regression analysis partial organizational structure variables (X1), Responsibility (X2), Reward systems (X3) and Support (X4) significantly affected the intention to leave the organization (Y). Because each variable has a t count> t table. While using the model 2 linear regression analysis with dummy variables, the partial structure of organizational variables (X1), Responsibility (X2), the award system (X3), and social behavior of individuals (D2) significantly affected the intention to leave the organization ( Y) on PTAIS in Pekanbaru City. Because each variable has a t count > t table
POTENTIAL VARIATION AT THE SEMICONDUCTOR-ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE THROUGH A CHANGE IN pH OF THE SOLUTION

Flatband potentials of n-type TiO2 and CdS single crystal electrodes have been measured as a function of the pH of the electrolyte solution. The potential drop across the electrical double layer at the TiO2 electrode surface was found to depend regularly on the solution pH, while that of CdS remained constant in the pH range from 2 to 13.
Heavy metal accumulation and distribution in forest understory herb species of Carpathian beech ecosystems

Abstract This study addresses the issue of heavy metal (HM) accumulation and distribution for three different plant species, Carex pilosa, Dentaria bulbifera, Galium odoratum, in Carpathian beech ecosystems. Data are presented on HM concentrations in forest understory vegetation and a preliminary insight into different HM allocation patterns is provided. Bioaccumulation factors (BCFs) and shoot/root ratios differed considerably among the species and between polluted and unpolluted regions. HMs were accumulated in forest plants as follows: Cu > Zn > Cd >Pb in unpolluted areas and Zn> Cd > Cu >Pb in polluted areas. Zn was preferentially distributed to roots and Cu to shoots. The distribution of Cd and Pb in different plant parts was specific in terms of the species-dependence. Cd and Pb levels in Carex pilosaand Galium odoratumwere more strictly controlled in the transfer zone of root-shoot, compared to Dentaria bulbifera.The highest BCFs were found in Carex pilosafor Cu (5.9) and in Dentaria bulbiferawas found the highest shoot/root ratio for Cd (3.1).
Study on the Structure and Formation Mechanism of Molybdenum Carbides

The synthesis of high-surface-area molybdenum carbides has been studied by the temperature-programmed carburization of molybdenum trioxide MoO3. The feedstocks used were mixtures of methane and ethane with hydrogen. The solid reaction products were characterized at selected intervals using thermogravimetric analysis differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), surface area measurement (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The gaseous products of the carburization process were monitored using a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The structural properties of the product carbides are shown to depend on the conditions of synthesis. The C2H6/H2 feedstock gave the highest-surface-area material. The presence of H2 in the feed mixture reduced the amount of amorphous carbon deposited an the molybdenum carbide material. The surface area was found to increase most rapidly during the initial H2-reduction stage. Initially, the MoO3 is re.
Chemical analysis of antibiotic residues in food

It sounds good when knowing the chemical analysis of antibiotic residues in food in this website. This is one of the books that many people looking for. In the past, many people ask about this book as their favourite book to read and collect. And now, we present hat you need quickly. It seems to be so happy to offer you this famous book. It will not become a unity of the way for you to get amazing benefits at all. But, it will serve something that will let you get the best time and moment to spend for reading the book.
Very low damage etching of GaAs

A very low damage, anisotropic and selective reactive ion etching process has been developed using SiCl4 for etching GaAs which stops on extremely thin GaAlAs layer (4 monolayers 1.13 nm thick). Using low rf powers of ≤15 W, and hence low dc biases of 40 to ≤70 V, pressures of 8 mTorr and flow rates of 4–6 sccm, the damage was kept to a minimum value while maintaining very good anisotropy. Both the surface and sidewall damage were measured and the results were confirmed by evaluation of the performance of a metal–semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) with a recessed gate. Raman scattering studies of the etched surface of a heavily doped GaAs layer show that the surface damage thickness is only 3–4 nm after 2 min of etching. The damage depth increases and saturates at 9 nm after 4 min of etching (etch rate of ∼100 nm/min). Conductance measurements [S. Thoms, S. P. Beaumont, C. D. W. Wilkinson, J. Frost, and C. R. Stanley, in Microcircuit Engineering, edited by H. W. Lehman and Ch. Bleicher (North H.
Cation vacancy and possible hydrogen positions in hydrous forsterite

The crystal structure of a single crystal of synthetic hydrous forsterite, (Mg1.985Si0.993H0.06O4), synthesized at T = 1300 °C and P = 13.5 GPa has been investigated using X-ray diffractometry and unpolarized infrared absorption spectroscopy. The data show an Mg atom occupancy of 98.6(2)% at the M(1) site and 99.9(2)% at the M(2) site, indicating that the cation vacancies predominantly occur at the M(1) site. A comparison of the calculated bond distances shows that the most probable H atom locations are at the O(2) and O(3) sites, where H may be located in association with the vacancy at the M(1) or the T site, forming hydrogen bonds between two oxygen pairs, O(3)-O(1) and O(2)-O(1), which correspond to the OH stretching vibrations at 3566 cm−1 and 3612 cm−1 observed in the IR spectra.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE, FEED EFFICIENCY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF SAROTHERODON GALILAEUS FED ON ARTIFICIAL DIETS VARIED IN PROTEIN AND ENERGY RATES -

Growth performance, feed efficiency and digestibility were studied for Sarotherodon galilaeus (Tilapia galilae) reared with two different initial weights of 20 and 50 g in concrete ponds (8 m2 area for each). The fish were stocked at a rate of 10 fish /m2 for small size and 5 fish / m2 for large one. They were fed on nine artificial diets containing different rates of protein (20, 25 and 30%) and energy (2500, 3000 and 3500 kcal/kg diet). At the end of experimental period (180 days) it was noticed that, fish fed on diet containing 25 % protein with 3000 kcal energy showed highest values of final body weight (130 and 204g), total weight gain (110 and 154g) and specific growth rate (1.04 and 0.79%) for the two initial weights respectively. With respect to feed efficiency, the feed conversion ratio had its optimum value was (1.88) at diet composed of 30 % protein and 2500 kcal, while highest protein efficiency ratio (2.15) and protein productive value (44.00) was observed at lowest dietary protein and highest energy for initial weight of 20 g . At initial weight of 50g, the best FCR (2.42) was obtained from fish fed diet containing 25 % protein with 3000kcal, but highest PER and PPV (1.73 and 39.20) were recorded at diets containing 20 % protein with 3500 kcal and 30 % protein with 3500 kcal respectively.Results of nutrients digestibility of two fish initial weights recorded the highest percent of dry matter digestibility (56.50 %) for fish fed on diet with 20 % protein and 3000 kcal. The maximum digestibility percent for crude protein and fats (85.00% and 88.50 %) were observed at diet containing 25 % protein with 2500 kcal. While the highest digestibility percent for carbohydrates (70.00 %) at diet containing 20 % protein with 3000 kcal and the highest energy digestibility (77.50 %) at 30 % dietary protein with 3500 kcal.
Seawater flue gas desulfurization: Its technical implications and performance results

Increasingly, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems are being installed to control sulfur dioxide emissions in power plants utilizing coal or oil. For power plants located on an ocean coast, utilization of seawater from the cooling system of the plant to scrub sulfur dioxide has become a promising and attractive alternative to using other alkaline chemicals, such as limestone and magnesium hydroxide. Sulfur dioxide is absorbed and subsequently oxidized to sulfate, which is a native constituent of seawater. Prior to discharge, the acidified seawater effluent undergoes neutralization using the natural alkalinity present in seawater (the carbonate-related system). Compared to the conventional wet limestone system, the seawater FGD system offers many advantages in terms of process, design, operation and cost effectiveness. This paper describes the technical and environmental aspects of a seawater FGD system. The performance test results of an existing seawater FGD system employed at a 600-MWe power plant in China are also presented, focusing on the desulfurization efficiency and the seawater effluent quality. Different design configurations for a seawater FGD absorption system are compared.