Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHRONIC ALLOTYPE SUPPRESSION IN MICE: AN ACTIVE REGULATORY PROCESS

The normal process of differentiation to specific immunoglobulin (i.e., antibody) production is the commitment of an originally totipotent cell to the production of a large amount of a unique immunoglobulin molecule. During this process, one of the two autosomal chromosomes carrying Kchain variable and constant region genes is in some way selected, the variable region fixed and one of the four linked genes for H chain constant regions (in the mouse Ig-1 to Ig-4, specifying yG,,, yA, yG, and yG, respectively) paired in some manner which allows for the transcription of the information for the entire H chain as a single messenger. In a similar fashion, one of the two light chain chromosomes is chosen, a variable region determined, paired to the constant region, and information for a unique light chain is produced. Light and heavy chains are then produced, assembled and exported while the cell differentiates further to a mature plasma cell. Although recent evidence 1 l 2 indicates that during this process the variable region gene in some or all cells may go through a stage of pairing with the p chain (yM) constant region gene prior to pairing with the final yG or yA H chain gene, this does not substantially alter the above description. Almost nothing is known of the mechanisms by which one autosomal chromosome is chosen and the other excluded, the variable region fixed and joined, or the H chain class selected. If the intermediate of a yM step proves correct, however, then chromosome exclusion and variable region choice are earlier events than selection of H chain class. In any event, at the end of the process, a single cell produces an immunoglobulin with an H chain determined by a gene (or genes) on only one of the two parental chromosomes. No other such system for exclusion of autosomal genes is known in' mammalian cells. In an allotype heterozygote, such chromosomal (or allelic) exclusion leads to two populations of immunoglobulin-producing cells,s those making immunoglobulins of paternal allotype and those making immunoglobulins of maternal allotype for any given class. Usually, an animal with a given allele combination has a characteristic ratio of paternal and maternal type cells. Circulating immunoglobulins reflect this ratio. Allotype suppression upsets the normal b a l a n ~ e . 4 ~ In young heterozygotes exposed to maternal antibody directed against a paternal allotype, the appearance of circulating paternal allotype is significantly retarded. Although in rabbits the suppression is severe and long-term, enduring in some cases for over a year, in most mouse hybrids only a short repriod of suppression occurs, and by 12-14 weeks the normal balance is restored. However, many progeny
Practical Design and Decoding of Parallel Concatenated Structure for Systematic Polar Codes

In this paper, a parallel concatenated structure is proposed to improve the performance of polar codes in finite length in which multiblocks systematic polar codes (SPC) and recursive systematic convolutional codes (RSC) are combined. We first design a weighted iterative decoding algorithm for the proposed structure such that better bit error rate performance can be obtained. Then, a deliberated interleaver is optimized for the new scheme. Thereafter, we introduce a strategy to estimate the minimum distance of the concatenation codeword, where an asymptotic performance and convergence behavior analysis are elaborated. Finally, the error performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated via simulations. The results show that our scheme almost outperforms all the existed concatenation ones using polar codes, making the codes more practical.
Viewpoint invariant subject retrieval via soft clothing biometrics

As much information as possible should be used when identifying subjects in surveillance video due to the poor quality and resolution. So far, little attention has been paid to exploiting clothing as it has been considered unlikely to be a potential cue to identity. Clothing analysis could not only potentially improve recognition, but could also aid in subject re-identification. Further, we show here how clothing can aid recognition when there is a large change in viewpoint. Our study offers some important insights into the capability of clothing information in more realistic scenarios. We show how recognition can benefit from clothing analysis when the viewpoint changes with partial occlusion, unlike other approaches addressing soft biometrics from single viewpoint data images. This research presents how soft clothing biometrics can be used to achieve viewpoint invariant subject retrieval, given a verbal query description of the subject observed from a different viewpoint. We investigate the influence of the most correlated clothing traits when extracted from multiple viewpoints, and how they can lead to increased performance.
Effect of reagents used during detection and quantification of Ascaris suum in environmental samples on egg viability

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are a major health concern globally. Infection is mostly through contact with contaminated water, food or soil. Therefore to break the cycle of viable transmission STH eggs must be quantitatively detected in the environment. The effect of different reagents on the viability of Ascaris suum eggs during laboratory detection and quantification was assessed and different incubation solutions compared. Sulphuric acid gave a slightly higher recovery percentage of viable eggs (91.2%) than distilled water (90.0%) and 0.5% formalin (87.6%), although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Acetoacetic acid, ethyl acetate, ammonium bicarbonate, zinc sulphate, magnesium sulphate and Tween 80, are reagents widely used in test protocols for the detection and quantification of STH eggs. Eggs were exposed to these reagents for different time durations. Acetoacetic acid resulted in the highest loss of viability (3.4 ± 0.7% viable), while magnesium sulphate resulted in the least effect (88.5 ± 1.2% viable). In conclusion the use of the selected reagents in the detection of these eggs was found to affect the viability of exposed eggs, especially during prolonged exposures. Therefore we recommended that eggs be exposed for ≤ 5 minutes, to reduce the risk of viability loss.
Secure node packing of large-scale wireless networks

This paper presents a new framework to evaluate the performance of wireless networks with intrinsic secrecy. Specifically, we put forth the notion of secure node packing (SNP), defined as the number of legitimate users capable of transmitting data with secrecy using stochastic geometry. Transmission with secrecy means a legitimate receiver can decode transmitted data (reliability) while its corresponding eavesdropper cannot decode (secrecy). The SNP is derived for two cases of secure transmission: weakly secure transmission against the nearest eavesdropper and strongly secure transmission against all eavesdroppers. We quantify the effect of network parameters, including spatial densities of legitimate transmitter and eavesdropper, on the throughput of wireless networks with secrecy. In addition, we determine the SNP in the presence of a coexisting network and show that the additional interference from a coexisting network with an appropriate spatial density is beneficial for the secure network throughput.
Object-oriented programming in a conventional programming environment

A programming methodology that implements many object-oriented features within a conventional programming environment is described. The methodology was created during the development of a computer animation system, The Clockworks. The methodology supports such object-oriented features as objects with variables and methods, class hierarchies, variable and method inheritance, object instantiation, and message passing. The methodology does not employ any special keywords or language extensions, thus removing the need for a preprocessor or compiler. The methodology has been implemented in a C/Unix environment. This allows the environment and any system developed within it to be ported to a wide variety of computers which support Unix. The methodology provides many object-oriented features and associated benefits. It also provides all the benefits of a C/Unix environment, including portability, a rich variety of development tools, and efficiency. <<ETX>>
Time Course of Improvements in Power Characteristics in Elite Development Netball Players Entering a Full-Time Training Program

Abstract McKeown, I, Chapman, DW, Taylor, KL, and Ball, NB. Time course of improvements in power characteristics in elite development netball players entering a full-time training program. J Strength Cond Res 30(5): 1308–1315, 2016—We describe the time course of adaptation to structured resistance training on entering a full-time high-performance sport program. Twelve international caliber female netballers (aged 19.9 ± 0.4 years) were monitored for 18 weeks with countermovement (CMJ: performed with body weight and 15 kg) and drop jumps (0.35-m box at body weight) at the start of each training week. Performance did not improve linearly or concurrently with loaded CMJ power improving 11% by Week 5 (effect size [ES] 0.93 ± 0.72) in contrast, substantial positive changes were observed for unloaded CMJ power (12%; ES 0.78 ± 0.39), and CMJ velocity (unloaded: 7.1%; ES 0.66 ± 0.34; loaded: 7.5%; ES 0.90 ± 0.41) by week 7. Over the investigation duration, large improvements were observed in unloaded CMJ power (24%; ES 1.45 ± 1.11) and velocity (12%; ES 1.13 ± 0.76). Loaded CMJ power also showed a large improvement (19%; ES 1.49 ± 0.97) but only moderate changes were observed for loaded CMJ velocity (8.4%; ES 1.01 ± 0.67). Jump height changes in either unloaded or loaded CMJ were unclear over the 18-week period. Drop jump performance improved throughout the investigation period with moderate positive changes in reactive strength index observed (35%; ES 0.97 ± 0.69). The adaptation response to a structured resistance training program does not occur linearly in young female athletes. Caution should be taken if assessing jump height only, as this will provide a biased observation to a training response. Frequently assessing CMJ performance can aid program design coaching decisions to ensure improvements are seen past the initial neuromuscular learning phase in performance training.
Levinthal's paradox.

Levinthal's paradox is that finding the native folded state of a protein by a random search among all possible configurations can take an enormously long time. Yet proteins can fold in seconds or less. Mathematical analysis of a simple model shows that a small and physically reasonable energy bias against locally unfavorable configurations, of the order of a few kT, can reduce Levinthal's time to a biologically significant size.
Carboplatin hypersensitivity

Carboplatin has established an important role in many different cancers. As its use increased, the documented cases of hypersensitivity also picked up. Although the mechanism of these reactions remains unknown, the immediate type of hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE may be involved. It takes a while for the reaction to develop, but cases are reported even after 1st cycle. The incidence of hypersensitivity is highest at about 8th cycle of therapy with decline after that. These reactions themselves ranged from facial flushing or itching to seizures, dyspnea, and anaphylaxis. Many physicians currently do not use skin testing prior to 8th cycle of carboplatin therapy and retreat their patients with carboplatin after the first hypersensitivity reaction. Therefore, it is suggested that skin test should be conducted prior to the 8th cycle, preferably before the 6th cycle, as hypersensitivity tends to increase on the 6th cycle-treatment. Methods published so far involve: desensitization, skin testing, switching therapy to another platinum analogue, and premedication. Despite all the process, the most effective drug toxicity prevention method remains skin testing prior to 8th cycle. It can accurately predict patients who will develop hypersensitivity reactions. Other methods so far have not shown consistent results.
Glypican‐3, overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, modulates FGF2 and BMP‐7 signaling

The Glypican (GPC) family is a prototypical member of the cell‐surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). The HSPGs have been demonstrated to interact with growth factors, act as coreceptors and modulate growth factor activity. Here we show that based on oligonucleotide array analysis, GPC3 was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). By northern blot analysis, GPC3 mRNA was found to be upregulated in 29 of 52 cases of HCC (55.7%). By Western blot analysis carried out with a monoclonal anti‐GPC3 antibody we generated, the GPC3 protein was found to be overexpressed in 6 hepatoma cell lines, HepG2, Hep3B, HT17, HuH6, HuH7 and PLC/PRF/5, as well as 22 tumors (42.3%). To investigate the role of overexpressed GPC3 in liver cancer, we analyzed its effects on cell growth of hepatoblastoma‐derived cells. Overexpression of GPC3 modulated cell proliferation by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP‐7) activity. An interaction of GPC3 and FGF2 was revealed by co‐immunoprecipitation, while GPC3 was found to inhibit BMP‐7 signaling through the Smad pathway by reporter gene assay. The modulation of growth factors by GPC3 may help explain its role in liver carcinogenesis. In addition, the ability of HCC cells to express GPC3 at high levels may serve as a new tumor marker for HCC. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analyse morpho-syntaxique automatique et reconnaissance des entités nommées en arabe standard

La langue arabe, bien que tres importante par son nombre de locuteurs, elle presente des phenomenes morpho-syntaxiques tres particuliers. Cette particularite est liee principalement a sa morphologie flexionnelle et agglutinante, a l’absence des voyelles dans les textes ecrits courants, et a la multiplicite de ses formes, et cela induit une forte ambiguite lexicale et syntaxique. Il s'ensuit des difficultes de traitement automatique qui sont considerables. Le choix d'un environnement linguistique fournissant des outils puissants et la possibilite d'ameliorer les performances selon nos besoins specifiques nous ont conduit a utiliser la plateforme linguistique NooJ. Nous commencons par une etude suivie d’une formalisation a large couverture du vocabulaire de l’arabe. Le lexique construit, nomme «El-DicAr», permet de rattacher l’ensemble des informations flexionnelles, morphologiques, syntactico-semantiques a la liste des lemmes. Les routines de flexion et derivation automatique a partir de cette liste produisent plus de 3 millions de formes flechies. Nous proposons un nouveau compilateur de machines a etats finis en vue de pouvoir stocker la liste generee de facon optimale par le biais d’un algorithme de minimisation sequentielle et d’une routine de compression dynamique des informations stockees. Ce dictionnaire joue le role de moteur linguistique pour l’analyseur morpho-syntaxique automatique que nous avons implante. Cet analyseur inclut un ensemble d’outils: un analyseur morphologique pour le decoupage des formes agglutinees en morphemes a l’aide de grammaires morphologiques a large couverture, un nouvel algorithme de parcours des transducteurs a etats finis afin de traiter les textes ecrits en arabe independamment de leurs etats de voyellation, un correcteur des erreurs typographiques les plus frequentes, un outil de reconnaissance des entites nommees fonde sur une combinaison des resultats de l’analyse morphologique et de regles decrites dans des grammaires locales presentees sous forme de reseaux augmentes de transitions (ATNs), ainsi qu’un annotateur automatique et des outils pour la recherche linguistique et l’exploration contextuelle. Dans le but de mettre notre travail a la disposition de la communaute scientifique, nous avons developpe un service de concordances en ligne «NooJ4Web: NooJ pour la Toile» permettant de fournir des resultats instantanes a differents types de requetes et d’afficher des rapports statistiques ainsi que les histogrammes correspondants. Les services ci-dessus cites sont offerts afin de recueillir les reactions des divers usagers en vue d’une amelioration des performances. Ce systeme est utilisable aussi bien pour traiter l’arabe, que le francais et l’anglais
Cryptanalysis of password scheme

In this paper, we review certain password scheme that using a smart card. The scheme verifies the logon password without password file. The idea of that scheme based on both integer factoring and discrete logarithm problem. Also, we describe some schemes which indicated there are two security problems in that password-typed smart card scheme, these are impersonation and offline password guessing attack. Then, we analyze the protection defenseless of the scheme. Assume that the hacker gains to calculate the modular exponentiation at both sides of the password scheme, with intercepted retrieve request, the hacker can create new access request with a successful enter into the remote server.
The Capacitation-Apoptosis Highway: Oxysterols and Mammalian Sperm Function

ROS generation by spermatozoa The notion that densely packed populations of spermatozoa generate toxicants that inhibit respiration has been around since the 1920s when the concept of allelostasis (an increase in oxygen uptake that accompanies the dilution of sperm populations) was born [1]. It was not until 1946 that Tosic and Walton identified the molecule responsible for this allelostatic effect in bull spermatozoa as hydrogen peroxide [2]. Mammalian spermatozoa were thus the first cell type in which the cellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was biochemically confirmed, predating the discovery of this activity in leukocytes by more than a decade. Since Tosic and Waltons’ original report, the cellular production of ROS has been confirmed in the spermatozoa of a wide variety of mammals, including man, mouse, hamster, rat, rabbit and horse [3]. This potential for ROS production is curious given the susceptibility of mammalian spermatozoa to oxidative stress. These cells are well known to possess high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acid, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (22:6), that are very vulnerable to attack by reactive oxygen metabolites and the consequent initiation of lipid peroxidation cascades [4]. Such peroxidative damage impacts upon these cells in such a way that motility, their competence for sperm-oocyte fusion and DNA integrity, become rapidly compromised [3,4]. The spectacular ability of ROS to damage sperm function has been understood since the pioneering studies of John MacLeod in the 1930s [5], Roy Jones and Thaddeus Mann in the 1970s [6,7] and Bayard Storey in the 1980s [8,9]. Given this background, it is clear that if spermatozoa are such active generators of ROS, they must have a very good reason for engaging in this potentially fatal activity.
Regulation of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Gonadotropin-Induced Steroidogenic Desensitization of Leydig Cells.

3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 isomerases (3β-HSD) are enzymes that catalyze the conversion ofΔ 5 to Δ4 steroids in the gonads and adrenal for the biosynthesis of sex steroid and corticoids. In gonadotropin-desensitized Leydig cells, from rats treated with high doses of human CG (hCG), testosterone production is markedly reduced, a finding that was attributed in part to reduction of CYP17 expression. In this study, we present evidence for an additional steroidogenic lesion induced by gonadotropin. Using differential display analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from Leydig cells of rats treated with a single desensitizing dose of hCG (2.5 μg), we found that transcripts for type I and type II 3β-HSD were substantially (5- to 8-fold) down-regulated. This major reduction, confirmed by RNase protection assay, was observed at the high hCG dose (2.5 μg), whereas minor or no change was found at lower doses (0.01 and 0.1 μg). In contrast, 3β-HSD mRNA transcripts were not changed in luteinized ovaries of pseudop.
Dorsal Island Penile Fasciocutaneous Flap for Fossa Navicularis and Meatal Strictures: Short and Intermediate Term Outcome in West African Men.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a dorsal island penile fasciocutaneous flap in the man­agement of resistant fossa navicularis strictures in circumcised West African men. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2004 to December 2013 there were twenty-one patients with fossa navic­ularis strictures (FNS) with or without meatal stenosis who underwent urethroplasty using a previously described technique and a dorsal island penile fasciocutaneous flap. The average patient follow-up was 25.9 months. RESULTS Urethral catheterization was the most common cause of FNS. All of the patients had successful urethral function and acceptable cosmetic results. One patient had partial dorsolateral skin necrosis that healed with con­servative measures. All patients, including the five patients with meatal stenosis, retained the natural shape of the external meatus and had a natural urine stream. CONCLUSION The penile cap technique uses a dorsal island fasciocutaneous flap and provides satisfactory function­al and cosmetic outcomes in the management of fossa navicularis and meatal strictures.
Do Users Matter? The Contribution of User-Driven Feature Weights to Open Dataset Recommendations

The vast volumes of open data pose a challenge for users in finding relevant datasets. To address this, we developed a hybrid dataset recommendation model that combines content-based similarity with item-to-item co-occurrence. The features used by the recommender include dataset properties and usage statistics. In this paper, we focus on fine-tuning the weights of these features. We experimentally compare two feature weighting approaches: a uniform one with predefined weights and a user-driven one, where the weights are informed by the opinions of system users. We evaluated the two approaches in a study, involving the users of a real-life data portal. The results suggest that user-driven feature weights can improve dataset recommendations, although not at all levels of data relevance, and highlight the importance of incorporating target users in the design of recommender systems.
Semilinear Sets and Counter Machines: a Brief Survey

Semilinear sets are one of the most important concepts in theoretical computer science, as illustrated by the fact that the set of nonnegative integer solutions to any system of Diophantine equations is semilinear. Parikh's theorem enables us to represent any semilinear set as a pushdown automaton PDA. We summarize recent results on the descriptional complexity of conversions among different representations of a semilinear set: as a vector set conventional, a finite automaton FA, a PDA, etc. We also discuss semilinearity-preserving operations like union, intersection, and complement. We use Parikh's theorem to enlarge the class of finite-state machines that can represent semilinear sets. In particular, we give a simpler proof of a known result that characterizes semilinear sets in terms of machines with reversal-bounded counters. We then investigate the power of such a machine with only one counter in the context of a long-standing conjecture about repetition on words.