Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of various surgical protocols on maxillofacial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a systematic review

© The Author(s) 2020. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Effects of various surgical protocols on maxillofacial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a systematic review
Refined invariants in geometry, topology and string theory

Since the spectacular advances in quantum field theory and string theory of the early 90s, BPS states have been a central object of study in theoretical physics with deep mathematical implications. In a nutshell, BPS states are quantum states classified by short supersymmetry multiplets in supersymmetric theories. Such multiplets exhibit remarkable stability properties under quantum fluctuations, providing a reliable interpolation tool between strong and weak coupling in many theories of physical interest. This special property leads to striking results in string theory compactifications. A prominent example is the relation between the low energy spectrum of Seiberg-Witten theories and supersymmetric D-brane states in geometric engineering constructions, as pointed out by Kachru and Vafa [28], and also Katz, Klemm and Vafa [29]. This relation has led in particular to the connection between D-brane bound states and instanton sums discovered by Nekrasov [43]. From a mathematical point of view, supersymmetric D-brane states in string theory compactifications are loosely speaking cohomology classes on moduli spaces of stable bundles on Calabi-Yau threefolds. More generally, it has become increasingly clear in the past years due to work of Douglas and Aspinwall [3] that a complete mathematical construction must involve moduli spaces of stable objects in Calabi-Yau derived categories. Virtual numbers of such objects, Donaldson–Thomas (DT) invariants [17, 49], are identified with BPS indices, which count BPS states with a sign determined by their intrinsic spin quantum number. The special properties of the BPS spectrum of the underlying physical theories lead to deep predictions concerning such invariants, which very often crystalize into beautiful mathematical results. A particular long range mathematical program prompted by the physics connection is concerned with motivic and categorical generalizations of DT invariants. A first step in this direction is focused on refined DT invariants, a construction loosely analogous to promoting the Euler characteristic of a topological space to the Poincaré polynomial, or refining the Jones polynomial of a knot to a multi-variable polynomial coming from Khovanov–Rozansky theory. As pointed out by Gukov, Schwartz and Vafa [23] , and also more recently by Gaiotto, Moore and Nietzke [19], such constructions are motivated by a refinement of the BPS index in physics theories, which is promoted to a generating function which counts BPS states keeping track of their space-time spin quantum number. In the toric context, a refinement of topological string amplitudes was provided by Iqbal, Kozcaz and Vafa [27], employing the topological vertex formalism of Aganagic-KlemmMarino-Vafa [1] for topological string amplitudes. The resulting refined vertex was related to refined DT invariants by Dimofte and Gukov [16].
Characterization of Multi-User Augmented Reality over Cellular Networks

Augmented reality (AR) apps where multiple users interact within the same physical space are gaining in popularity (e.g., shared AR mode in Pokemon Go, virtual graffiti in Google’s Just a Line). However, multi-user AR apps running over the cellular network can experience very high end-to-end latencies (measured at 12.5 s median on a public LTE network). To characterize and understand the root causes of this problem, we perform a first-of-its-kind measurement study on both public LTE and industry LTE testbed for two popular multi-user AR applications, yielding several insights: (1) The radio access network (RAN) accounts for a significant fraction of the end-to-end latency (31.2%, or 3.9 s median), resulting in AR users experiencing high, variable delays when interacting with a common set of virtual objects in off-the-shelf AR apps; (2) AR network traffic is characterized by large intermittent spikes on a single uplink TCP connection, resulting in frequent TCP slow starts that can increase user-perceived latency; (3) Applying a common traffic management mechanism of cellular operators, QoS Class Identifiers (QCI), can help by reducing AR latency by 33% but impacts non-AR users. Based on these insights, we propose network-aware and network-agnostic AR design optimization solutions to intelligently adapt IP packet sizes and periodically provide information on uplink data availability, respectively. Our solutions help ramp up network performance, improving the end-to-end AR latency and goodput by ~40-70%.
Causes and Preventions of Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Parameter is causing the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was CO2 emissions, correlated with total cases (R=0.8064) and deaths (R=0.7627). CO2 emissions produced by coal and gas-powered plants, oil refineries, vehicle, metropolitan food waste gas, human exhalation, leather-tannery industry, and organic dye industry. Cetaceans, including whales, dolphins, and porpoises, transmitted the globe with the coronavirus. The sudden spread of the coronavirus could cause by the 14 habitats of humpback whales, linked to millions of dolphins as well as the global leather tanning industry. It is necessary to monitor the sunspot number to prepare for the effects of cyclic minimum sunspot number in 2031. Because the top 2 countries of CO2 emissions are China and the USA, a new pandemic in 2031 may initiate either from China or from the USA, as H1N1 (the USA, 2009) or as COVID-19 (China, 2020). The preventive phenomena of the third pandemic in 2031 can be monitored at humpback whale districts, as happened in 130 dead dolphins in Cape Verde, at least three months earlier before COVID-19 in China. UV-B radiation is the most efficient method to kill the virus itself.
A Web Spam based Identification and Detection for Fake Reviews in Social Network

— In recent days, a huge part of people depend on available content in social media in their decisions (e.g. reviews and feedback on a topic or product). The possibility that anybody can leave a review provides a golden opportunity for spammers to write spam reviews about products and services for different interests. Identifying these spammers and the spam content is a hot topic of research and although a considerable number of studies have been done recently toward this end, but so far the methodologies put forth still barely detect spam reviews, and none of them show the importance of each extracted feature type. In this study, we propose a new framework, named NetSpam, which uses spam features for modeling review datasets as heterogeneous information networks to map spam detection procedure into a classification problem in such networks. Using the importance of spam features help us to obtain better results in terms of different metrics experimented on real-world review datasets from Yelp and Amazon websites. The results show that NetSpam outperforms the existing methods and among four categories of features; including review-behavioral, user-behavioral, review linguistic, user-linguistic, the first type of features performs better than the other categories.
Urban Commoning and Architectural Situated Knowledge: The Architects’ Role in the Transformation of the NDSM Ship Wharf, Amsterdam

Abstract This article discusses the collaborative processes behind the redevelopment of the Dutch state heritage ship wharf NDSM in Amsterdam as a case of urban commoning that took place around the year 2000 – before the term became commonly used in urban studies. It explores how the former shipwharf was transformed into an “incubator”: a creative hub with artist studios, theater spaces, a skate park and other facilities for cultural production. In this article, we specifically investigate the role of architects in this context. Unfolding the process reveals the emergence of the figure of the participant-architect who participates in the shared authorship, within a collective situated knowledge. This knowledge is simultaneously produced in the place and productive of the place.
Meet me halfway

From Industry 4.0-driven factories to real-time trading algorithms, businesses depend on analytics on high-velocity real-time data. Often these analytics are performed not in dedicated stream processing engines but on views within a general-purpose database to combine current with historical data. However, traditional view maintenance algorithms are not designed with both the volume and velocity of data streams in mind. In this paper, we propose a new type of view specialized for queries involving high-velocity inputs, called continuous view. The key component of continuous views is a novel maintenance strategy, splitting the work between inserts and queries. By performing initial parts of the view's query for each insert and the remainder at query time, we achieve both high input rates and low query latency. Further, we keep the memory overhead of our views small, independent of input velocity. To demonstrate the practicality of this strategy, we integrate continuous views into our Umbra database system. We show that split maintenance can outperform even dedicated stream processing engines on analytical workloads, all while still offering similar insert rates. Compared to modern materialized view maintenance approaches, such as deferred and incremental view maintenance, that often need to materialize expensive deltas, we achieve up to an order of magnitude higher insert throughput.
A Complement-Fixation Test for Chagas' Disease employing an Artificial Culture Antigen.

Summary and Conclusions A complement-fixation test for Chagas' disease, in which an artificial culture antigen is used, is described. The antigen used in this test can be readily made from cultures of T. cruzi grown on a medium prepared essentially according to the method of Bonacci. Such antigen represents a distinct improvement over older types prepared from tissues of artificially infected animals. The ease with which the antigen described herein can be prepared should make the complement-fixation test a more usable and valuable agent in the diagnosis of Chagas' disease and the identification of carriers. No cross reactions occur with Wassermann-positive sera. Sufficient work has not as yet been done to determine whether or not cross reaction will occur with sera from other types of trypanosomiasis.
Survival to independence in relation to pre‐fledging development and latitude in songbirds across the globe

Species differ strongly in their life histories, including the probability of survival. Annual adult survival was investigated extensively in the past, whereas juvenile survival, and especially survival to independence, received much less attention. Yet, they are critical for our understanding of population demography and life-history evolution. We investigated post-fledging survival to independence (i.e. survival upon leaving the nest until nutritional independence) in 74 species of passerine birds worldwide based on 100 population level estimates extracted from published literature. Our comparative analyses revealed that survival to independence increased with the length of nestling period and relative fledging mass (ratio of fledging mass to adult body mass). At the same time, species with higher nest predation rates had shorter nestling periods and lower relative fledging mass. Thus, we identify an important trade-off in life history strategies: staying longer in the nest may improve post-fledging survival due to enhanced flight ability and sensory functions, but at the cost of a longer exposure to nest predators and increased mortality due to nest predation. Additionally, post-fledging survival to independence did not differ between species from the northern temperate zone vs species from the tropics and southern hemisphere. However, analyses of post-fledging survival curves suggest that 1) daily survival rates are not constant and improve quickly upon leaving the nest, and 2) species in the tropics and southern hemisphere have higher daily post-fledging survival rates than northern temperate species. Nevertheless, due to the accumulation of mortality risk during their much longer periods of post-fledging care, overall survival until independence is comparable across latitudes. Obtaining high-quality demographic data across latitudes to evaluate the generality of these findings and mechanisms underlying them should be a research priority.
A Review of Lung Cancer Detection Using Image Processing Techniques

—In this paper, we analyze the image process technique for detection of lung cancer disease. Image processing techniques are wide utilized in several medical issues for picture enhancement in the detection phase to support the early medical treatment. Recently, image processing techniques are frequently utilized in several medical areas for image improvement in earlier detection and treatment stages, whenever the time factor is very consequential to discover the abnormality issues in target pictures, significantly varied cancer tumours like lung cancer, breast cancer and so on. Image quality and accuracy is that the core factors of this analysis, image quality assessment additionally as improvement are depending on the enhancement stage wherever low pre-processing strategies is used primarily based whole on Gabor filter within Gaussian regulations. Here a complete assessment for the prediction of lung cancer by previous researcher using image processing techniques is presented.
The effect of an overall healthy lifestyle on early-onset stroke: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND The impact of an overall healthy lifestyle on early-onset stroke is still unclear. Our study thus aimed to investigate the association of overall healthy lifestyle on early-onset stroke in Chinese hospitalized stroke patients. METHODS This retrospective study included 821 hospitalized stroke patients from the First People's Hospital of Changzhou. An overall healthy lifestyle was defined as the presence of more than 2 of the following items: healthy diet, no smoking, normal body mass index (BMI <24 kg/m2 ), engaging in moderate to high physical activity (≥3 times/week, and ≥30 minutes each time). Early-onset stroke was defined as a stroke first occurring at 50 years old or younger. RESULTS Among all participants, there were 98 early-onset stroke patients and 723 late-onset stroke patients. Early-onset patients had a lower prevalence of overall healthy lifestyles than that of late-onset patients (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that an overall healthy lifestyle significantly reduced the risk of early-onset stroke. In reference to those without an overall healthy lifestyle, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for early-onset stroke among participants with an overall healthy lifestyle was 0.27 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07-0.98]. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese stroke patients, a healthy lifestyle was significantly associated with early-onset stroke. Individuals who were adhering to an overall healthy lifestyle had a lower risk of early-onset stroke compared to those who were not.
Research on the Improvement of Village Governance Efficiency Based on Blockchain Technology

It is known that China is in the critical “triple overlap” period of the history of social transformation, the fourth industrial revolution, and new globalization. As a disruptive technology, blockchain has solved the “trust construction” and causing a revolution in the social governance model. The article uses blockchain technology as a means to solve the problems of the existing rural governance structure and governance capability system, analyzes the mechanism and implementation bottleneck of blockchain technology, and proposes countermeasures and policy suggestions to improve the effectiveness of village governance, such as the distributed characteristics and the traceable characteristics of the blockchain can be used to build a multi-level response and personalized service integration and a self-organized operation mechanism in rural areas to promote governance responsibility mechanisms and reduce the risk of information fragmentation, data uncertainty, and governance control risks, etc. These policies and suggestions provide a good theoretical basis and method guidance for China’s rural revitalization strategy.
Preserved colour pattern in Polititapes tricuspis (Eichwald, 1829) (Bivalvia: Veneridae) from the Sarmatian holostratotype at Nexing (Lower Austria)

A single specimen of the widespread Sarmatian Paratethys bivalve Polititapes tricuspis (eichwald, 1829) with preserved colour pattern is detailed. Despite of an exceptionally comprehensive fossil record, the fossil shell from the Sarmatian holostratotype at Nexing is only the second individual of this species with remnants of colour to be reported. In pure whitish specimens from Nexing, residual colour patterns could be visualised in UV light. The colour pattern closely resembles the colouration of several extant representatives of the Tapetini. The genus Polititapes originates from the Early to Middle Miocene of the Mediterranean and Paratethys realms and is today still confined to the Mediterranean and the adjacent Eastern Atlantic.
Sinoporphyrin sodium is a promising sensitizer for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy in glioma

The aim of the present study was to explore the antitumor effects of sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) in glioma, and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The uptake of DVDMS by U-118 MG cells was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). A 630-nm semiconductor laser and 1-MHz ultrasound were used to perform PDT and SDT, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, FCM and Hoechst 33258 staining, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to detect protein expression and phosphorylation levels. BALB/c nude mice were used to establish a xenograft model of U-118 MG cells. DVDMS was injected intravenously and PDT and SDT were performed 24 h later. An in vivo imaging system was used to evaluate the fluorescence of DVDMS, to measure tumor sizes, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects. The uptake of DVDMS by U-118 MG cells was optimal after 4 h. PDT and SDT following DVDMS injection significantly inhibited the proliferation and increased apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro (P<0.05, P<0.01) respectively. In vivo, the fluorescence intensity of DVDMS was lower in the PDT and SDT groups compared with the DVDMS group, while tumor cell proliferation and weight were lower in the PDT and SDT groups than in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference when laser, ultrasound or DVDMS were applied individually, compared with the control group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining suggested that both PDT and SDT induced significant apoptosis and vascular obstruction in cancer tissues. DVDMS-mediated PDT and SDT inhibited the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Bcl-xL, increased cleaved -caspase 3 levels, and decreased the protein phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Changes in the expression of PCNA, and Bcl-xL and in the levels of cleaved-caspase 3 were partly reversed by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Similar results were obtained with FCM. DVDMS-mediated PDT and SDT inhibited glioma cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, potentially by increasing the generation of ROS and affecting protein expression and phosphorylation levels.
Interstitial lung disease and diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease and its prevalence has been steadily increasing all over the world. DM and its associated micro and macrovascular complications result in significant morbidity and mortality. The microvascular complications are usually manifested as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and macrovascular complications generally affect the cardiovascular system. In addition to these complications, DM also affects the lungs because of its rich vascularity and abundance in connective tissue (collagen and elastin). DM has been found to cause microvascular complications and proliferation of extracellular connective tissue in the lungs, leading to decline in lung function in a restrictive pattern. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) includes a diverse group of disease conditions characterized by different degrees of inflammation and fibrosis in the pulmonary parenchyma. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the common type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with a high mortality rate. IPF is characterized by chronic progressive fibrosis leading to progressive respiratory failure. In this review we focus on lung as the target organ in DM and the association of DM and ILD with special emphasis on IPF.
A new scoring system for early diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: LUPPIS

Introduction The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) based on chest X-ray has been developed to facilitate clinical diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP); however, this scoring system has a low diagnostic performance. We developed the Lung Ultrasound and Pentraxin-3 Pulmonary Infection Score (LUPPIS) for early diagnosis of VAP and evaluated the performance of this new scoring system. Material and methods In a prospective study of 78 patients with suspected VAP, we assessed the detection accuracy of LUPPIS for pneumonia in adult patients. We also evaluated the diagnostic performance of pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) findings of infection. On the day of the study, lung ultrasound was performed, PTX-3 levels were determined, and an endotracheal aspirate was obtained for Gram staining and culture. Results No significant differences were found between groups with respect to age, mechanical ventilation time, APACHE II score, or SOFA score (p > 0.05). Procalcitonin and PTX-3 levels were significantly higher in the VAP (+) group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The threshold for LUPPIS in differentiating VAP (+) patients from VAP (–) patients was > 7. In predicting VAP, LUPPIS > 7 (sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 87.7%) was superior to CPIS > 6 (sensitivity of 40.1%, specificity of 84.5%). Conclusions LUPPIS appears to provide better results in the prediction of VAP compared to CPIS, and the importance of lung ultrasound and PTX-3 is emphasized, which is a distinctive property of LUPPIS.