Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ectopic αIIbβ3 Integrin Signaling Involves 12-Lipoxygenaseand PKC-mediated Serine Phosphorylation Events in Melanoma Cells

Summary Megakaryocytic genes such as αIIbβ3 can be expressed by malignant cells as part of the disturbances in their gene regulation. However, the function of the gene product greatly depends on the interaction of the ectopic protein with the new environment. The outside-in signaling of the ectopically expressed αIIbβ3 integrin was studied in B16a murine melanoma cells using a monoclonal antibody, specifically directed to the activated conformation of αIIbβ3, PAC-1 and the physiological ligand, fibrinogen. Ligation of αIIbβ3 induced downregulation of FAK but serine phosphorylation of three protein bands, 20/21, 85 and 140 kDa within 1-15 min. Flow cytometry indicated that the ligation of the receptor in B16a cells induces ~50% increase in phosphoserine positive cells within 5-15 min. 12-lipoxygenase is placed downstream in the signaling pathway, since ligation of αIIbβ3 induces 12-HETE production within 5 min and pretreatment of tumor cells with select lipoxygenase inhibitior, Baicalein, prevents the increase in serine phosphorylation. Confocal microscopy of adherent tumor cells demonstrated rearrangement of actin filaments upon αIIbβ3 ligation paralleled by downregulation of p125FAK and phoshotyrosine+ adhesion plaques and translocation of PKCα to stress fibers and cortical actin. PKC appears to be the major effector serine kinase of the αIIbβ3-coupled signaling pathway, since pretreatment of tumor cells with a select PKC inhibitor, Calphostin C, prevents the ligationinduced serine phosphorylation. Previous studies have indicated a role for the 12-lipoxygenase-PKC signaling pathway in platelet aggregation as well as tumor invasion, therefore the involvement of this cascade in the signaling of the ectopic αIIbβ3 integrin may partially explain its role in tumor progression.
Flower color phenology in European grassland and woodland habitats, through the eyes of pollinators

Some studies have claimed that flowers in bloom at particular times of year are more likely to be of particular colors to better attract pollinating insects. To test this, we analyzed a data set collected from five field sites near Strausberg, Germany, which included information on flower color and months of blooming. However, we chose to consider flower color as perceived by bee as well as human visual systems, as well as independent of any color vision system, to reveal whether trends, if present, have any ecological relevance. Using randomization analyses, we were able to consider whether blooming time interacts with flower color, and how this interaction depends upon other factors. Our results show that there is an association between the months of flowering and the colors of flowers — but only when flowers are considered according to human color categories. Further analysis showed that this is merely a consequence of flowers from the same family being more likely to flower at the same time and have similar colors. All these effects disappeared when flowers were considered using bee color categories, and in the analyses of physical spectral reflectances.
Population genetic structure of New Zealand blue cod (Parapercis colias) based on mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers

Parapercis colias (blue cod) is an endemic temperate reef fish that supports an important commercial and recreational fishery in New Zealand. However, concerns have been raised about localized stock depletion, and multiple lines of evidence have suggested P. colias may form several biologically distinct populations within the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone. Mark and recapture studies along with otolith and stable isotope studies have indicated that individuals are sedentary with very limited movement beyond the scale of 10-20km. The primary goal of this research was to advance the current knowledge of P. colias population genetic structure. This information can be incorporated into stock assessment models with the aim of improving the management of the P. colias fishery. This study made use of 454 pyrosequencing technology to isolate and develop the first set of microsatellite DNA markers for P. colias. These seven microsatellite loci, along with mitochondrial control region sequences, were used to determine the levels of genetic variation and differentiation between sites around the New Zealand coastline, including the Chatham Islands. Significant differentiation was observed between the Chatham Islands and mainland New Zealand sample sites, indicating that these two regions form distinct populations. Interpretation of the results for the mainland sites was more complex. Mitochondrial sequence data detected no significant pairwise differentiation between mainland sites, although a pattern of isolation-by-distance was observed. However, evidence for genetic differentiation among mainland sites was weak based on the microsatellite DNA analysis. Although pairwise Gѕт levels were significant in some sites, this was not reflected in principal component analysis or Bayesian structure analysis. It is likely that through long range dispersal, migration is at or above the threshold for genetic connectivity, but below a level necessary for demographic connectivity. This is indicated by both the genetic structure reported here, along with previous studies showing limited dispersal of P. colias.
Effects of riparian grazing and channelisation on streams in Southland, New Zealand. 2. Benthic invertebrates

Abstract A survey of benthic invertebrate faunas in riparian‐protected, riparian‐grazed, and channelised reaches of five Southland streams with catchment sizes of 3–37 km2 was carried out. It was part of a wider investigation to assess the effects of riparian grazing and channelisation on stream habitat and biota. In small streams (catchment areas 3–10 km2 ; widths 1–4 m), channelisation or intensive grazing by cattle greatly reduced shading by riparian vegetation, resulting in substantial increases in daily maximum temperatures during summer. Channelisation also caused gross changes in channel morphology and intensive grazing of a reach with moist streamside soils was associated with increased bed sedimentation and bank damage. Marked changes in invertebrate communities were associated wilh these habitat modifications. In general, taxa favoured by cool water and low periphyton abundance (e.g., Plecoptera, Paraleptamphopus caeruleus, Deleatidium sp., and Helicopsyche albescens) decreased in density, where.
Farmacovigilância: um passo em direção ao uso racional de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos

Neste artigo sao apresentados os resultados da avaliacao das notificacoes de eventos adversos a plantas medicinais e seus derivados (fitoterapicos), efetuadas voluntariamente ao Sistema Nacional de Farmacovigilância, coordenado pela Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitaria, no periodo de janeiro de 1999 a marco de 2009. A farmacovigilância envolve a deteccao de reacoes adversas que ocorrem durante ou apos o uso de um medicamento, a interacao medicamentosa, o desvio de qualidade, o uso abusivo e a inefetividade. Como as pesquisas realizadas para a avaliacao do uso eficaz e seguro de fitoterapicos sao incipientes, as notificacoes de eventos auxiliam na geracao de novas informacoes, promovendo seu uso racional.
Evolutionary dynamics and diversity in populations

The dynamics of populations is rich, taking into account that both, the individual's actions and the population's fitness are coupled. The way in which an individual chooses a strategy depends off course on the interaction with other individuals and the relation between selection and mutation within the population. The present model considers individuals with {\it memory}. This memory is represented by a device where information of past actions is stored as bits in a 1D Ising chain. The selection of a new individual action depends on the individual's memory. If the selection of a strategy does not improve the individual's fitness, a new individual with different memory size replaces it. Both, actions and memory are observables that characterize the population. They can change in time, and both depend on the fitness of the population. This model allows the implementation of {\it learning} parameters as well as an {\it external information source}, acting as an {\it external field} which drives individuals to select one preferred action. In particular we show that the {\it diversity} of the population, measured as a {\it Shannon's diversity index} (equivalent to a neg-entropy), is not only related to the {\it energy consumption and size} of the system, but is also related to the way in which the individuals are influenced by the {\it external field}.
Is the Effect of Interleukin-1 on Glutathione Oxidation in Cultured Human Fibroblasts Involved in Nuclear Factor-κB Activation?

Our understanding of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling molecular mechanisms has recently made considerable progress, with the discovery of the IL-1 receptor-associated kinase and the downstream enzymatic cascade that leads to the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). IL-1 signaling and especially NF-κB activation are thought to be redox-sensitive, even though the precise nature and the molecular targets of the oxidants/antioxidants involved remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the possible role of cellular oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) balance in IL-1 signaling. We describe a quantitative method based on capillary electrophoresis designed to assay both intracellular GSH and GSSG in adhering fibroblasts. This method allows the GSSG/GSH balance to be followed during IL-1 stimulation. Our data show that IL-1 induces rapid and transient oxidation of intracellular glutathione in human fibroblasts. Using various antioxidants, including pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and curcumin, we were una.
Revisión: Productos Vegetales como Fuente de Fibra Dietaria en la Industria de Alimentos.

Durante los ultimos anos se ha incrementado el interes de la industria, los especialistas y del publico en general, hacia los posibles usos y beneficios de la fibra dietaria (FD). Este ingrediente funcional, ha sido reportado especialmente por favorecer el funcionamiento digestivo, controlando el transito intestinal de los alimentos, el estrenimiento, las hemorroides, la absorcion de glucosa, el colesterol, la sensacion de saciedad, entre otros. En este articulo se hace una revision de literatura publicada principalmente de la ultima decada de la fibra dietaria como componente con actividad fisiologica (ingrediente funcional), haciendo enfasis en las fuentes vegetales, sus propiedades funcionales y aplicabilidad. El resultado del repaso, identifica que son muchas las fuentes de fibra dietaria actualmente subutilizadas y que representan una alternativa viable y de bajo costo para mejorar la nutricion de la poblacion.
Beneficial influences of germination and subsequent autoclaving of grain legumes on proximate composition, antinutritional factors and apparent digestibility in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius

This study tested influences of germination and germination in combination with autoclaving on antinutritional factors (ANFs) and digestibility of four grain legumes (field pea, chick pea, black gram and lentil) in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (8 ± 0.5 g). Germination resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in crude protein and decrease in crude lipid content, irrespective of seed variety. Reductions in ANFs were observed to varying extents depending on treatment process, except germination which substantially (P < 0.05) increased trypsin inhibitor levels (TI). However, a significant reduction in TI was observed on subsequent autoclaving. Highest reductions for all the three ANFs were seen in seeds processed by germination in combination with autoclaving. Higher apparent digestibility co-efficients (ADCs) for dry matter (73.4–84.5%) and crude protein (89.1–99.6%) were obtained in seeds processed by germination in combination with autoclaving, and the trend was similar for all tested seeds. ADCs for crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract were ranged between 32.43–46.46 and 75.49–82.13, respectively. To conclude, irrespective of type, seeds processed by germination in combination with autoclaving were low in ANF and showed improved proximate composition as influenced by germination. Both of these positive influences were reflected in higher ADCs.
Effect of dietary protein and temperature on the growth and health of juvenile New Zealand black‐footed abalone (Haliotis iris)

The protein requirements for optimal growth and health of juvenile New Zealand black-footed abalone (Haliotis iris) under different water temperatures were investigated. Six diets with different crude protein amounts (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 45%) and two temperature regimes (13–21 and 8–16 °C) were used to culture juvenile abalone over a 4-month period. Growth (shell lengths and animal weights) and health (survival, activity and mucous production) parameters were recorded for animals within all protein and temperature combinations. Proximate analyses and amino acid profiles were also performed on the diets, soft bodies (including gonad), and shells to evaluate the overall nutrient contents (diet and animal) and requirements (animal). The results indicate that the protein requirements for juvenile H. iris are higher when the environmental temperatures are low. Thus, increasing the dietary protein level results in better growth [i.e. increase in soft body (including gonad) crude protein and mean protein gain] and health (i.e. more goblet cells and thicker epithelial layers). Results from amino acid profiles in abalone soft bodies (including gonad) and shells show that these parameters did not change considerably with different dietary protein levels, but temperature did affect the concentration of several amino acids in both soft bodies (including gonad) and shells.
Xylem ABA controls the stomatal conductance of field‐grown maize subjected to soil compaction or soil drying

Stomatal conductance of individual leaves was measured in a maize field, together with leaf water potential, leaf turgor, xylem ABA concentration and leaf ABA concentration in the same leaves. Stomatal conductance showed a tight relationship with xylem ABA, but not with the current leaf water status or with the concentration of ABA in the bulk leaf. The relationship between stomatal conductance and xylem [ABA] was common for variations in xylem [ABA] linked to the decline with time of the soil water reserve, to simultaneous differences between plants grown on compacted, non-compacted and irrigated soil, and to plant-to-plant variability. Therefore, this relationship is unlikely to be fortuitous or due to synchronous variations. These results suggest that increased concentration of ABA in the xylem sap in response to stress can control the gas exchange of plants under field conditions.
The island biogeography of languages

Aim To examine the degree to which area, isolation, environmental conditions and time since first settlement explain variation in language richness among islands. Location Pacific islands ranging east–west from Rapa Nui to Indonesia and north–south from Hawaii to New Zealand. Methods We constructed a dataset of 264 Pacific islands that support 1640 languages (c. 24% of the world's languages). We examined possible predictors of language richness using three different types of models: linear regression models, linear mixed models that included random effects for language phylogeny and simultaneous autoregressive models. We tested whether the following variables, alone or in combination, predict language richness: island area and isolation, climate (rainfall, temperature), mean growing season, soil fertility, habitat heterogeneity (elevation, number of ecoregions), time since first human settlement. Results We identified two optimal models (delta Akaike information criterion < 2). One (R2= 0.52) included area, with 86% of remaining variation accounted for by random effects for phylogeny. The other (R2= 0.56) included a spatial component, area and a suite of other variables (of which isolation and settlement scale were significant). Of the hypotheses tested (mean growing season, ecological risk, habitat heterogeneity, climate, time since settlement, area–isolation theory), area–isolation performed best, alone explaining 44% of variation in language richness. Main conclusions Language diversity relates strongly to island area, and, after controlling for area, with variables linked to isolation (e.g. distance to continent, time since settlement). The influence of environmental productivity may be scale and context dependent. Although environmental productivity may shape language diversity patterns at a global scale, it plays little role on Pacific islands. Approximately half the variance in language richness remains unexplained. Unlike other taxa, for which area, isolation and environmental conditions explain up to 90% of variation in richness, human diversity patterns appear to also be influenced by other variables (e.g. economic, political and social factors).
Inhibition of Cholesterol Absorption by Oxidized Cholesterol in Rats

The effects on cholesterol absorption of oxidized cholesterols were studied in lymph-cannulated rats. When a single emulsified lipid meal containing a tracer amount of [14C]cholesterol with either 50 mg cholesterol or 50 mg oxidized cholesterol mixture was administered intragastrically, the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol for 24 h was 33.1 ± 6.3 and 21.7 ± 8.6%, respectively. Moreover, oxidized cholesterols also inhibited the absorption of triolein (85.9 ± 3.2% and 59.5 ± 18.8%). The observation may be of use since the ingestion of oxidized cholesterols tends to be increasing.
Screening of Plants with Inhibitory Activity on Cellular Senescence

In this study, the effect of plant extract on the senescence action and cell survival rate in two types of cells, in which aging was derived by adriamycin, was analyzed to find the materials for suppressing cell senescence from natural resources. The results are as follows. For human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the fruit of Physalis angulate L. and the aerial part of Synurus deltoides (Aiton) Nakai showed excellent cell-senescence inhibition activities in a treatment concentration-dependent manner, demonstrating the high possibility for utilization as a material for prevention and treatment for vascular diseases. The water extract from the root of Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum for variegatum Y. N. Lee showed potent cell-senescence inhibitory effect for human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Thus it is considered that the additional study on the plant needs for elucidating the possible utilization as material for skin health improvement.
The Vascular Processes in the Shwartzman Phenomenon As Observed in Pulmonary Reactions

The Shwartzman reaction to a filtrate of B. typhosus was studied in the lungs of rabbits. The following findings were revealed in the experiments: The intratracheal injection of a filtrate of B. typhosus produces an acute alveolitis. Four hours after the intratracheal injection intravenously injected bacteria and India ink are localized in the alveolar spaces because of an inflammatory alteration of permeability of the pulmonary blood vessels.Twenty-four hours after the intratracheal injection of filtrate the inflammatory reaction is subsiding. At this period, when the reactivity of the prepared site in the Shwartzman reaction is at its peak, there is no alteration of permeability when measured by intravenous injections of bacteria or India ink.When the “shocking” dose of filtrate is given intravenously into animals which have been previously prepared by an intratracheal injection of filtrate, the changes produced by the “shocking dose” are confined to the pulmonary blood vessels, and consist of widespread thrombosis of arterioles and venules, dilatation of the capillaries, engorgement of the capillaries with granulocytes, and disruption and swelling of the endothelium. There is no alteration of the alveolar exudate from that seen twenty-four hours after the preparatory injection. When bacteria or India ink are injected intravenously at this period, they are fixed within the blood vessels, and the India ink is plastered to the endothelium. The reaction is non-specific, for there is equal fixation of Staphylococcus aureus and B. typhosus in the lungs at this time.When bacteria were injected intravenously into rabbits which had received both the preparatory injection and the shocking injection of a filtrate of B. typhosus, embolic pneumonias were present three days after the injection of bacteria. B. typhosus produced a lobular consolidation, and Staphylococcus aureus produced abscesses. From these findings it is concluded that the Shwartzman reaction occurs within the blood vessels of the lung as the result of an alteration of the blood vessels by the preparatory injection and that the hemorrhagic congestion that characterizes the Shwartzman reaction is secondary to the widespread thrombosis. The non-specific fixation of the bacteria indicates that the reaction is not due to an antigen-antibody reaction.
Controlled synchronization in networks of diffusively coupled dynamical systems

The synchronization phenomenon, some historical notes, and practical applications of synchronization are introduced first in this chapter. Then, the objectives of the thesis, some technical preliminaries employed throughout the manuscript, and the used mathematical framework are presented. The chapter also discusses the motivation for this thesis and a detailed outline of the main contributions. The chapter ends with a list of the author’s publications. 1.1 The Synchronization Phenomenon The word synchronization is derived from the word “synchronous” which is originated from the Greek roots χρóνoς (chronos, meaning time) and σύν (syn, meaning the same or common). Then, in a direct translation, “synchronous” means “occurring at the same time”. Synchronization can be defined as a process in which “events” keep happening simultaneously for an extended period of time [139]. The emergence of synchronization in coupled dynamical systems is a fascinating topic in various scientific disciplines ranging from biology, physics, and chemistry to social networks and technological applications. The scientific interest in these phenomena can be traced back to Christiaan Huygens’ seminal work "an odd kind of sympathy" between pendulum clocks, cf. [54, 102], and it continues to fascinate the scientific community to date. In 1665, the Dutch scientist, inventor of the pendulum clock, Christiaan Huygens, reported on in-phase and anti-phase synchronization of two pendulum clocks [54], see Figure 1.1. The description of the experiment, together with Huygens’ explanation of the sympathy of the clocks is remarkable, since, at that time, differential calculus was still in its infancy. It was until the end of the 17 centurywhenNewton laid down the formal aspects of this theory. Huygens explained that the beam to which the clocks are attached serves as the medium for the possible emergence of anti-phase or in-phase synchroniza-
ETUDE DES MODIFICATIONS ENCÉPHALIQUES OBSERVÉES CHEZ LES INSECTIVORES ADAPTÉS À LA RECHERCHE DE NOURRITURE EN MILIEU AQUATIQUE

L'adaptation ä la recherche de nourriture en milieu aquatique chez les Insectivores entratne, au niveau de Pencephale, les principales modifications suivantes : les centres lie's ä Paudition et a la sensibilito trigeminale, les formations strides et nlocorticales voient croitre leur importance; au contra ire, les centres lie's ä l'olfaction subissent une certaine regression ; il rosulte de ces modifications une augmentation globale du poids encophalique.