Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of particle size reduction of insoluble fibres by micron technology on various caecal and faecal indices

BACKGROUND: Previous findings demonstrated that particle size reduction of insoluble fibre materials (i.e. starfruit insoluble fibre-rich fraction and cellulose) to micro-sizes effectively enhanced their physicochemical properties, which provided clues to their physiological functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of particle size reduction of these insoluble fibres by micron technology on indices of bowel health. RESULTS: Feeding of the micronised fibres (9.68–14.3 µm), especially those prepared by high-pressure micronisation, effectively (P < 0.05) improved various caecal and faecal indices, such as decreasing the caecal ammonia concentration (by 20.0–30.0%), increasing the faecal output (135–150%) and moisture content (143–157%) and lowering the activities of undesired β-D-glucosidase (by 39.2–43.6%) and β-D-glucuronidase (by 71.4–77.5%) in faeces of hamsters. Relationships between physicochemical properties and physiological functions of the micronised fibres were considered. The results also demonstrated that the type, processing and related particle size of insoluble fibres were important factors affecting their physicochemical properties and physiological functions. CONCLUSION: The consumption of micronised insoluble fibres at 5% level might exert a favourable effect on improving various caecal and faecal indices. The results of this study provide some hints on potential applications of micron technology in the food industry. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Anti-Genotoxic and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Origanum rotundifolium on Human Lymphocytes In vitro

Abstract In this study, we aimed to determined the antagonistic effects of Origanum rotundifolium essential oil against the effects ofAflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1) as and inducer of oxidative stress and genotoxic agent in human lymphocytes in vitro. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) tests were used for genotoxic influences estimation. In both the test systems, it was observed that O. rotundifolium essential oil suppressed the mutagenic effects of AFB1. Biochemical parameters malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were examined to determine oxidative stress. This result showed that 5μM concentrations of AFB1 malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities decreased. However these effects of AFB1 seen at higher levels decreased after treatment with 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 μL/6mL concentrations of O. rotundifolium. The results of this experiment have clearly shown that O. rotundifolium essential oil has strong anti-genotoxic effect against AFB1 and that this capacity could be due to anti-oxidative properties.
Body size and trophic divergence of two large sympatric elapid snakes (Notechis scutatus and Austrelaps superbus) (Serpentes : Elapidae) in Tasmania

Abstract. Tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus) and lowland copperheads (Austrelaps superbus) are both large viviparous elapid snakes confined to the cooler, mesic regions of southern Australia. In spite of both species being common and widespread in the island state of Tasmania, no quantified studies on the trophic ecology of these two snakes from the main island has been published. During a two-year period we collected field data from 127 adult A. superbus and 74 adult N. scutatus from throughout eastern Tasmania. For both species, males were larger than females with respect to all measured parameters, including mass and head size. Reproduction in females was strongly seasonal and clutch size was not related to maternal body size. N. scutatus has a larger head than A. superbus and consequently ingests both small and large prey. N. scutatus in our study displayed the most catholic diet of any Australian elapid studied to date and consumed mammals (possum, bandicoot, antechinus, rats, mice), birds (fairy wrens), fish (eel, trout) and frogs. A. superbus shows a more specialist diet of large volumes of predominately ectothermic prey (frogs, lizards, snakes) even at maximal sizes and was more likely to contain ingested prey than specimens of N. scutatus. Distinctive rodent bite scars were common on N. scutatus but rare on A. superbus. The high frequency of rodent bite scars on N. scutatus further supports our findings of a primarily endothermic diet for mature specimens. We suggest that significant differences in head size, and hence diet, as well as a taxonomically diverse suite of potential prey in Tasmania allow both these large snakes to coexist in sympatry and avoid interspecific competitive exclusion.
Spiral computed tomographic study of a pre-Ptolemaic Egyptian mummy

We studied an Egyptian mummy housed in the Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the age of the mummy is 2,358 BP, which is the period of the 30th Dynasty of Nakhthorhebe. Serial CT scans show that the heart had been removed, which is unusual among Egyptian mummies. In contrast, the brain had been left in situ. The orbital breadth suggests a degree of hypertelorism, being at the upper limit of the values recorded for ancient Egyptian males. There is extensive dental disease with excessive tooth wear and tooth loss, typical of Egyptian mummies. The wrapping material, examined under SEM, is probably a linen textile with a selvage.
A Framework for the Africanisation of the Information Systems Discipline

There is currently a worldwide debate about and drive towards the decoloniality of academia. Little research has, however, been done about the Africanisation of software design and development approaches. Information Systems research methodologies have not yet been enriched extensively by African perspectives, either. Although the Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) community has contributed significantly to the implementation of software in African contexts, the Information Systems discipline (IS) should be enriched - from an African perspective - on deeper, theoretical levels than those that have already been explored and implemented. This article aims to fill the need for a framework to guide the Africanisation of the IS discipline. The article follows a conceptual approach. It reflects on the opportunities for theoretical knowledge regarding the indigenisation of IS tuition, research, academic administration, community service, and the staff and students involved. These ideas converge into an integrated, two-dimensional graph. The proposed framework could serve as a starting point to extend the Africanisation process in the IS discipline, as well as to contribute to meta-theoretical discussions about the process itself.
Registration of ‘Georgia‐06G’ Peanut

120 Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 1, No. 2, September 2007 ‘G eorgia-06G’ (Reg. no. CV-94, PI 644220) is a new highyielding, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)-resistant, runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar that was released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations in 2006. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Georgia-06G originated from a cross made in 1996 between ‘Georgia Green’ (Branch, 1996) × ‘C-99R’ (Gorbet and Shokes, 2002). Pedigree selection was practiced within the F 2 , F 3 , and F 4 populations for TSWV resistance, desirable pod shape, runner seed size, testa color, growth habit, maturity, high yield, and grade characteristics. Performance testing began in the F 4:6 generation with the advanced pure-line selection, GA 011557. During three years (2003–2005) in 16 multilocation Georgia tests planted in mid-May, and eight multilocation Georgia tests planted earlier in mid-April, Georgia-06G had among the lowest TSWV incidence and the greatest total disease resistance, as well as among the highest in pod yield (4822 kg ha), total sound mature kernel (TSMK) grade (75%), and dollar value return per hectare ($1930 ha) when compared to other runner-type peanut cultivars. In these same Georgia multilocation tests, the check cultivar Georgia Green had an average yield, grade, and dollar value of 4026 kg ha, 72%, and $1584 ha, respectively. When tested in the 2004 Uniform Peanut Performance Tests (UPPT), Georgia-06G was also found to have the highest pod yield (5648 kg ha) and highest TSMK grade at 78% averaged across all UPPT locations (Branch et al., 2005). At these same 2004 UPPT locations, the check cultivar ‘Florunner’ (Norden et al., 1969) had an average yield of 4080 kg ha and an average grade of 75%, respectively. Georgia-06G has thus shown very good performance stability and a wide-range of adaptability throughout the major peanut production areas of the USA. Georgia-06G has an intermediate or decumbent runner growth habit and medium maturity similar to Georgia Green. Registration of ‘Georgia-06G’ Peanut
Diversity and Distribution of articulated Coralline algae (Rhodophyta, Corallinales) of the Atlantic coast of Mexico

This paper provides the first critical revision of the articulated coralline algae Amphiroa and Jania along the Atlantic coast of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean, based on morphological and anatomical characters of numerous specimens both genera. We found six species of Amphiroa, including one new record for this region: Amphiroa valonioides. In the other hand, Amphiroa fragilissima and A. rigida have the wider distribution along the Atlantic coast of Mexico. Jania to encompass six species, J. capillacea and J. cubensis are the best represented along the Atlantic coast of Mexico. Male and female reproductive structures of several species are recorded for first time in the study area. The distribution of A. valonioides and A. vanbosseae seems to be the warm temperate and tropical coast of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. Macro and microscopic characteristics and relevant photographs and descriptions are provided for each species. Data on the distribution of taxa along the Atlantic and Caribbean coast of Mexico are included.
Hydrology, water availability and tundra ecosystem function in a changing climate: the need for a closer integration of ideas?

Hydrologists and ecologists studying tundra ecosystems have worked largely independently, with little cross‐fertilization between disciplines. Their disciplines are, however, inextricably linked by a need to understand the dynamics and significance of the common substance water, in its liquid, solid and gaseous state within tundra environments. The impacts of predicted long‐term changes in climate have particularly important consequences for the functioning of tundra systems and there is a pressing need to initiate studies that integrate hydrological and ecological methodologies and concepts. Our paper attempts to summarize existing information on the role of water within tundra ecosystems, to emphasize the fundamental links between the biotic and the physico/chemical environments and to suggest how a closer integration of ideas might be achieved. Given the breadth of the subject matter the paper is intended to be illustrative rather than comprehensive. The paper examines the physical impacts of water in its various states on the tundra environment, emphasizing in particular the causes of spatial variation in water availability to living organisms. The significance of water is discussed for a range of organism groups, including plants, invertebrates and microorganisms and its pivotal role in ecosystem function and disturbance stressed. The need to develop integrated hydological/ecological models for tundra systems on different spatial scales is emphasized.
Zur Kenntnis der Lipoide der Kaffeebohne I: Über Fettsäure‐Ester des Cafestols

Die Bestandteile des aus Kaffeebohnen extrahierten Oles — Glyceride, Diterpene, Phytosterine und Phosphatide — wurden mit Hilfe chromatographischer Methoden identifiziert und quantitativ bestimmt. Das Cafestol liegt in Form von Fettsaure-Estern vor, die zum Vergleich durch Synthese gewonnen wurden. The Lipids of the Coffee-Seeds I: The Fatty Acid Esters of Cafestol The constituents of the oil extracted from coffee-seeds — glycerides, diterpenes, phytosterins and phosphatides — have been identified and quantitatively estimated by chromatographic methods. Cafestol occurs in the form of fatty acid esters which have been prepared synthetically for comparison.
Size fractionated metabolism of coastal microbial plankton

The quantitative significance of microbial heterotrophs in overall plankton metabolism was investigated in estuarine and coastal waters off the Georgia coast (USA). Three size classes were examined: < 208 pm, < 10 pm and < 1 p m Respiration was measured by monitoring the rate of oxygen consumption in water samples incubated at in situ temperatures in the dark. Rates by all size classes of plankton were highest in the upper reaches of the Duplin h v e r estuary during summer (52.4 pg O2 1-l h-') and lowest 10 km offshore during winter (10.1 pg O2 1-l h-'). Respiration by organisms passing a 1 pm screen exceeded rates in 208 pm and 10 pm filtered samples, but this enhancement decreased w ~ t h increasing distance offshore. This increased bacterial (< 1 pm) respiration could not be attributed to artifacts of the filtration procedure or to bacterial growth. Respiration results were consistent with concurrently conducted studies of bacterioplankton growth and bactivorous microprotozoan grazing. Static models of carbon and nitrogen flow between bacterioplankton and heterotrophic protozoa suggest that the C/N ratio of the bacterial food source could largely dictate organic carbon conversion efficiency of planktonic bacteria, the relative role of bacteria and microprotozoans as recyclers of nitrogen and the rate of organic carbon utilization. The relative importance of bacterial nitrogen remineralization decreases as the C/N ratio of the organic substrate increases. Results of this study are discussed in context of the microbial loop and the trophic flow leading to higher organisms.
A General Model for Parental Care

This model provides a general framework for analyzing the effects of a relatively large number of variables on quantitative variation in parental care. On the assumption that natural selection favors parents that maximize their reproductive value in each of many time intervals throughout a breeding attempt, the model predicts optimal parental responses to variation in age and number of offspring, time since the beginning of the breeding season, effort of the mate, and parental condition. This list of independent variables can easily be expanded or restricted within the framework of the model. Although the model is developed here for biparental monogamous species, it serves as the foundation for applications to other mating systems and for the addition or subtraction of variables to which the parents respond.
The relative roles of internal aeration, radial oxygen losses, iron exclusion and nutrient balance in flood-tolerance of Rumex species

SUMMARY Radial oxygen losses (ROL) from the roots of three Rumex species, that occur in the river ecosystem in The Netherlands and show a differential response towards flooding, were compared. Oxygen loss from whole root systems was demonstrated and the ROL of single roots was quantified. Radial oxygen losses were higher in the flood-tolerant R. maritimus and R. crispus than in the intolerant R. thyrsiflorus. In all species oxygen loss occurred over the whole root surface between the base and the apex, but the rates differed as well as root wall permeabilities to oxygen. High oxygen losses in R. maritimus and R. crispus were correlated with high internal oxygen pressures near the root apex, consistent with prolonged root growth under anaerobic conditions in these species. On a flooded clay soil, the more tolerant species showed soil penetration and iron oxidation to greater depths, but all species developed an iron plaque on the roots. Shoot iron content was highest in the flood-tolerant R. maritimus. Upon flooding of the flood-intolerant R. thyrsiflorus, however, there was a substantial decrease in shoot dry weight and tissue nutrient levels. This was attributed to restricted root development rather than to iron toxicity. toxicity.
Effect on fertility of storing turkey semen for 24 hours at 10 °C in fluids of different pH

1. A study was undertaken into the storage of turkey semen in vitro for 24 h. 2. Turkey semen storage for 24 h at 10 °C was not noticeably improved by using a buffered diluent compared with an unbuffered (pH 7.3) diluent. This is different from the case of the fowl and probably reflects differences in the metabolism of spermatozoa between the species. 3. Adverse effects on the fertilising ability of turkey spermatozoa were observed with diluents buffered around pH 7.4 and 5.8 when compared with the use of diluent either buffered at pH 7.1 or unbuffered.
Studies of a microtubule-associated protein using a monoclonal antibody elicited against mammalian mitotic spindles

We have devised a procedure for the identification of individual molecules which are associated with the mitotic spindle apparatus and cytoskeleton in mammalian cells. We prepared monoclonal antibody- producing hybridomas by immunizing mice with mitotic spindles isolated from cultured HeLa cells. Among several antibody-producing clones obtained, one hybridoma (22MA2) produced an antibody that recognizes a putative microtubule-associated protein which exhibits unusual distribution characteristics in cultured cells. Immunofluorescence studies showed that during mitosis the 22MA2 antigen is distributed in parallel with the spindle fibers of the mitotic apparatus, and that during interphase the antigen is always associated to a limited extent with cytoplasmic microtubules. Also, the co-distribution of the antigen with microtubules was found to be Colcemid sensitive. However, the 22MA2 antibody immunofluorescently stained the nuclei of cells in the exponential growth phase, but did not stain the nuclei of cells that had grown to confluence. This nuclear fluorescence appears to be directly related to cell density rather than nutritional (serum) factors in the growth medium. The results suggest that the antigen undergoes some change in structure or distribution in response to changes in the proliferative capacity of the cell. Biochemical analyses of cytoplasmic, nuclear, and mitotic spindle subcellular fractions show that the antigen exhibits a polypeptide molecular weight of 240,000 is found in various mammalian cells ranging from marsupial to human, and is particularly susceptible to proteolysis.
EFFECTS OF AGE, SEX, SEASON, AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS ON JUVENILE GUANACO SUBORDINATE BEHAVIOR

Abstract One behavioral tactic that juvenile mammals can use to resolve conflict with adults is the reversion to behaviors of an earlier developmental stage. Therefore, we examined the appearance, body posture, and ontogenetic differences of submissive crouch behavior between juvenile male and female guanacos from birth to 9 months of age in Torres del Paine National Park, Chile. On average, submissive crouches appeared 73 days after birth, and juvenile males displayed them more frequently than did juvenile females. Juvenile males also displayed more extreme body postures during submissive crouches than did juvenile females. Sex, group size, and season significantly influenced a juvenile's likelihood of displaying a submissive crouch.
Estimation of Cardiac Depressant Activity of Ten Medicinal Plant Extracts from Pakistan

Ten medicinal plants extracts were pharmacologically screened for their cardiac activity on isolated rabbit heart, and showed significant negative inotropic activity with negative chronotropic effects. In all cases alcohol dried extracts were used and reconstituted in either water or ethyl acetate for these tests. The plant extracts which produced cardiac depression were Cactus grandiflora, Carissa carandas Linn. , Duranta repens Linn. , Eclipta prostrata Roxb. , Heliotropium ophioglossum, Prosopis glandulosa, Scheweinfurthia sphaerocarpa A. Br. , Solanum surattense Burm. f. , Tephrosia uniflora Pers. , Nardostachys jatamansi Dc. (Syn. Valeriana jatamansi).
Limited Deamidation of Soybean Protein Isolates by Glutaminase and its Impacts on the Selected Properties

Glutaminase (EC 3.2.1.5) was applied in the present work to deamidate soybean protein isolates with limited extent, and some reaction conditions were selected. Three deamidated soybean protein isolates products with degree of deamidation of 3.5, 5.6, and 6.6% were prepared with reaction conditions as follows: soybean protein isolates concentration of 5% (w/v), glutaminase addition level of 400 U/kg soybean protein isolates, reaction temperature of 37°C, and reaction times of 12, 24, and 36 h, respectively. SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography analysis showed that glutaminase exhibited weak ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of the peptide bonds in soybean protein isolates. The results indicated that the deamidated soybean protein isolates prepared showed improved solubility in a pH range of 3 to 10, and had higher emulsion stability on the oil-in-water dispersions when compared to the original soybean protein isolates, but had poor emulsifying activity. Rheological assay revealed that the suspensions prepared by the deamidated soybean protein isolates products showed higher apparent viscosity, and the values of apparent viscosity depended on the degree of deamidation of the deamidated soybean protein isolates product and the addition level of Ca2+ in the suspensions. The storage modulus G′ and viscous modulus G′′ of the prepared suspensions gave similar behaviors as apparent viscosity. Three deamidated soybean protein isolates products prepared contained better iron (II)-chelating activity than the original soybean protein isolates as the evaluated index showed an increase of 19 to 30%. Limited deamidation of soybean protein isolates by glutaminase showed beneficial impacts on the selected properties of deamidated soybean protein isolates totally, and might be served as a practical approach to prepare multifunctional ingredients for the food industry.
Expresión de enzimas relacionadas con la síntesis de poliaminas en mucosa intestinal de cerdos recién destetados

The weaning stress can modify the intestinal health of piglets; at this period arginine become essential, because its role at the polyamine synthesis, that are important to maintain cell viability and proliferation in the intestinal epithelium. The expression of enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) and spermine/spermidine acetyl transferase (SSAT), associated to arginine and polyamines synthesis on mucosae of small intestine from weaned pigs, was analyzed. Twenty-four pigs, weaned at 28 days of age were slaughtered at 0, 3, 7 and 14 days post-weaning. Mucosal samples were collected of duodenum, jejunum and ileum, to analyze the relative expression of ASS and SSAT. The ASS expression in duodenum increased at d3 (P 0.10). In general, the expression of ASS and SSAT was higher in ileum compared to duodenum and jejunum (P<0.05). In conclusion postweaning stress increases the expression of ASS and SSAT in intestinal mucosa from piglets in the first three days after weaning.