Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of Main Specimen and Tumor Bed Margin Status With Local Recurrence and Survival in Oral Cancer Surgery.

Importance There is controversy surrounding surgical margins in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC), with debate regarding the assessment and prognostic value of margins. Objective To analyze a large cohort of OCSCC cases for correlation between tumor specimen margins and intraoperative tumor bed frozen margins and evaluate how margin status associates with local recurrence and survival. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study of 406 patients treated with OCSCC resection between 2005 and 2014 at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Included cases underwent margin evaluation on the tumor specimen and intraoperative frozen margin assessment from the tumor bed. Main Outcomes and Measures Findings of intraoperative frozen margin analysis as a test of tumor specimen margins; local recurrence and survival based on margin findings; prognosis based on clearance of positive frozen margins. To evaluate whether additional resection to "clear" positive frozen margins affected prognosis, we compared local recurrence rates for patients in 3 groups: group A included those patients with negative margins on both intraoperative and permanent specimens; group B included those with positive intraoperative margins subsequently cleared by additional resection to negative margins; and group C included those with negative intraoperative but positive permanent specimen margins. Results The median age of the 406 patients (234 men and 172 women) was 61 years (interquartile range, 53-72 years). When frozen margins were correlated with tumor specimen margins, frozen margin accuracy was 65%, with a 46% false-negative rate. We observed a local recurrence rate of 36% (95% CI, 24%-49%) when invasive carcinoma was present at an intraoperative frozen margin and 45% (95% CI, 34%-57%) when invasive carcinoma was found on the permanent specimen margin compared with 19% (95% CI, 14%-26%) and 13% (95% CI, 7%-22%) for completely negative frozen and permanent margin findings, respectively. There was a significant difference in local recurrence between group A (13%) and group B (27%) (absolute difference, 14%; 95% CI, 3%-26%) and between group A and group C (34%) (absolute difference, 21%; 95% CI, 8%-34%), but there was no difference between groups B and C (absolute difference, 7%; 95% CI, -8% to 22%), suggesting that additional resection to clear positive frozen margins does not improve prognosis. Conclusions and Relevance Intraoperative frozen margins from the tumor bed are not ideal predictors of positive margins on the main specimen. Both frozen and specimen margins are associated with local recurrence, but the specimen margin has the stronger association. Importantly, we demonstrate that clearing positive frozen margins from the tumor bed is not associated with improved outcomes.
Targeting the insulin receptor: nanoparticles for drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB)

Human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles (NP) were prepared by desolvation. Insulin or an anti-insulin receptor monoclonal antibody (29B4) were covalently coupled to the HSA NP, using the NHS-PEG-MAL-5000 crosslinker. Loperamide-loaded HSA NP with covalently bound insulin or the 29B4 antibodies induced significant antinociceptive effects in the tail-flick test in ICR (CD-1) mice after intravenous injection, demonstrating that insulin or these antibodies covalently coupled to HSA NP are able to transport loperamide across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which it normally is unable to cross. Control loperamide-loaded HSA NP with immunoglobulin G antibodies yielded only marginal effects. The loperamide transport across the BBB using the NP with covalently attached insulin could be totally inhibited by the pretreatment with the antibody 29B4.
Semantic Similarity Measures for the Generation of Science Tests in Basque

The work we present in this paper aims to help teachers create multiple-choice science tests. We focus on a scientific vocabulary-learning scenario taking place in a Basque-language educational environment. In this particular scenario, we explore the option of automatically generating Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQ) by means of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and the use of corpora. More specifically, human experts select scientific articles and identify the target terms (i.e., words). These terms are part of the vocabulary studied in the school curriculum for 13-14-year-olds and form the starting point for our system to generate MCQs. We automatically generate distractors that are similar in meaning to the target term. To this end, the system applies semantic similarity measures making use of a variety of corpus-based and graph-based approaches. The paper presents a qualitative and a quantitative analysis of the generated tests to measure the quality of the proposed methods. The qualitative analysis is based on expert opinion, whereas the quantitative analysis is based on the MCQ test responses from students in secondary school. Nine hundred and fifty one students from 18 schools took part in the experiments. The results show that our system could help experts in the generation of MCQ.
Investigating the temporal dynamics of auditory cortical activation to silent lipreading

Neuroimaging research has demonstrated that observing visual speech in the absence of auditory speech activates primary auditory cortex. However, it remains unclear what this activation precisely reflects. It is well established that, during continuous auditory speech, neural activity in auditory cortex tracks the temporal envelope of the speech signal. Recently, it has been suggested that this process may in fact reflect an internal synthesis of the speech stream rather than the encoding of the envelope per se. Could silent lipreading therefore elicit a similar “entrainment” to the envelope in the absence of auditory speech? Here, we test this hypothesis by examining the impact of lipreading accuracy on envelope tracking using electroencephalography (EEG). We provide evidence to suggest that the EEG response over left temporal scalp tracks the unheard speech more faithfully during accurate lipreading. We also demonstrate that the envelope can be reconstructed from EEG data recorded during silent lipreading with accuracy above chance level. This could have implications for brain-computer interface technology.
Relaxin Downregulates the Calcium Binding Protein S100A4 in MDA‐MB‐231 Human Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract: Expressed in the human breast and in human breast cancer tissues, the heterodimeric peptide hormone relaxin is involved in extracellular matrix turnover. To investigate the role of relaxin in estrogen receptor‐alpha negative human breast cancer cells, we established transfectants of the human MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell line stably overexpressing H2‐relaxin (MDA‐MB‐231/pIRES‐EGFP‐H2). These transfectants produced and secreted functional relaxin. Our investigations revealed downregulation of mRNA and protein of the calcium binding protein S100A4 (metastasin) in MDA‐MB‐231/pIRES‐EGFP‐H2 transfectants, indicating a distinct and novel role for relaxin in estrogen receptor‐alpha negative human breast cancer cells.
Küttner's tumour: an unusual cause of salivary gland enlargement.

Enlargement of the submandibular gland is a condition that raises the alarm for further investigation as the risk of an underlying malignancy is higher in comparison to parotid gland enlargement. Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis or Küttner's tumour is usually mis-recognised as it is only after excision of the gland that the correct diagnosis is made.We present a case of a 47-year-old male patient who presented with one year history of firm non-tender enlarged right submandibular gland which was removed surgically and histology showed to be sclerosing sialadenitis. Küttner's tumour is a rare disease, which mimics malignancy. There is not enough evidence to support any diagnostic means that could help in the differential diagnosis of this benign condition. Given the high rate of malignancy in firm, painless lesions of the submandibular gland, surgical excision is often advocated and Küttner's tumour is usually diagnosed by the histopathologist.
Linking regulation of practitioner school psychology and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: The need to build a bridge

In 2014, the 25th anniversary of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child presents an opportunity for school psychology to evaluate its achievements relevant to the Convention, as well as its current and future strategic adherence to the Convention’s principles. With analysis of key school psychology documentation from the UK, it is shown that for school psychologists the achievements and strategy relating to the international Convention have been directly, albeit implicitly, supported from ‘top down’, by the post-ratification governance processes and structures of national level agencies which operate school psychology preparation, statutory professional regulation, and non-statutory professional quality enhancement. On account of their use of a scientist-practitioner model, school psychologists are positioned to make a unique contribution to enacting the Convention’s agenda and from recent Convention evaluations five priority areas for strategic development in relation to the Convention are identified. An account of the authors’ commissioned work following a non-accidental child death in the UK illustrates how school psychologists can make significant contributions to Convention priorities from ‘bottom up’ as a result of significant contemporaneous events at local or national level. Implications of the ‘top down’ and ‘bottom up’ linking of school psychologists’ work with the CRC agenda are discussed with reference to both the national and international school psychology communities and regulatory bodies.
An Exploratory Study of Organization Design Configurations in Health Care Delivery Organizations

Organizations are configurations of variables that support each other to achieve customer satisfaction. Based on Treacy and Wiersema (1995), we predicted the emergence of two configurations, one supporting a product leadership stance and one predicting the customer intimate approach from a set of 73 for profit health care clinics. in addition, we predicted the emergence of a configuration where the scores on most variables were near the mean for each variable. Using cluster analysis and discriminant function analysis, we identified three configurations: one a “master of two” strategy, one “stuck-in-the-middle,” and one showing scores well below the mean on most variables. the implications for organization design and manager actions in the health care industry are discussed.
Accountability for patient self-management of chronic conditions; ethical analysis and a proposal

Patient self-management (PSM) of varying portions of therapy for chronic illness is expanding. However, several current conditions of practice are ethically problematic. Standards remain process-oriented, and accountability for patient outcomes and quality of practice of both patient and provider is diffuse. PSM carries important benefits but largely unmonitored potential harms. Also, access to preparation for safe PSM appears to be skewed in favour of high socio-economic classes. This condition persists even though available evidence supports the conclusion that less advantaged patients with poor disease outcomes can be taught to self-manage, albeit they require more intensive and prolonged interventions. Routine clinical use of well-validated measurement instruments could serve to develop evidence-based standards of PSM, quality improvement and effective public policy. Development of a standard dataset would facilitate description of the effectiveness of existing programmes and comparison across programmes. Such reform will require investment in the development of instruments that measure patient ability to make sound clinical judgements and sustain PSM over changed disease and social conditions. It will take advantage of modern psychometric theory, which is increasingly necessary for building the empirical base for evidence-based healthcare.
Predictors of academic performance: National Senior Certificate versus National Benchmark Test

This article considers students' performance in an identical Economics test at two universities to investigate the predictive power of the NBT against that of Mathematics in the National Senior Certificate (NSC) exam. We find that, on average, both NBT and NSC results are useful predictors of performance in first year Economics. However, for students whose NSC Mathematics marks are close to the minimum admission requirements, the NBT scores (especially in Quantitative and Academic Literacy) are better measures of academic potential. Thus, an admission criterion based on NSC marks alone may exclude students with the academic potential to pass university courses, while it may admit students that are not sufficiently prepared for university studies. Our findings suggest that the NBT should not be used as an alternative to the NSC, but as a complement for admission and correct placement of lower performing applicants.
GaN vertical nanowire and fin power MISFETs

GaN vertical power devices have many advantage over lateral device in device scaling, reliability and thermal management, etc. Traditional power transistors employ p-type pockets to achieve E-mode, RESURF and avalanche capabilities. However, this topology in GaN vertical power transistors has been challenging to implement [1] due to the difficulty to achieve selective area doping without compromising breakdown: p-type pockets in n-type regions or vice versa. The GaN UMOS-FETs or trench MOSFETs can be realized using epitaxial p-layers, however, suffer from low channel mobility in the inversion channel [2, 3]. Using n-type GaN only, depletion mode vertical MISFETs can be achieved with attractive current densities and breakdown voltages [4]. To get normally-off operation, Fin or nanowire (NW) pillars are necessary geometries. Compared with Fins, GaN nanowires have added advantages including superior electrostatic control and possibility for low-cost growth on foreign substrates [5, 6]. In this work, we report the first experimental demonstration of NW-MISFETs on bulk GaN substrates and compare them with Fin-MISFETs with the state-of-the-art performance fabricated on the same sample. The benefit of better electrostatic gate control in nanowire MISFETs are highlighted.
Central sleep apnea is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly

Muñoz R, Durán‐Cantolla J, Martinez‐Vila E, Gállego J, Rubio R, Aizpuru F, De La Torre G, Barbé F. Central sleep apnea and risk of stroke in the elderly. Acta Neurol Scand: 2012: 126: 183–188. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
ACCOUNTING FOR AGGREGATION BIAS IN ALMOST IDEAL DEMAND SYSTEMS

This study revisits the consistent aggregation (over households) property of almost ideal demand system (AIDS) models and presents a method to explicitly account for expenditure aggregation bias when estimating the aggregate AIDS model with time-series data. Ignoring aggregation bias can lead to biased and inconsistent parameter estimates and can cause aggregate demand functions to be inconsistent with the demand functions at the individual household level. Recognizing the general limited information contained in aggregate time-series data for explicitly modeling aggregation bias, we present a new method of constructing an aggregation bias term that is derived from the proportions of household in different income groups. This information is generally available in developed economies. We use this framework to estimate aggregate meat demand within a complete demand system based on U.S. annual expenditure data.
Therapeutic targeting of Toll-like receptors in cutaneous disorders

Introduction: The role of skin, as a part of the immune system has long been elucidated. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a group of pattern recognition receptors, are involved in the recognition of invading pathogens, initiation of immune responses and regulation of both innate and adaptive immune systems. There is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of TLRs in the pathophysiology of several skin conditions, which mandates the development and study of therapeutic strategies that target TLRs. Areas covered: With regards to the role of TLRs in pathogenesis of diverse cutaneous conditions, recent advances, as well as the future prospects of therapeutic implications of TLRs in cutaneous disorders is reviewed in this article. Expert opinion: Although non-specific therapeutic strategies seem to reduce the symptoms in majority of patients, a considerable proportion remain untreated or have to deal with inevitable adverse effects of such therapies. Since TLRs regulate many patholophysiological processes, they could be good candidates for more specific therapeutic approaches. TLR targeting as the first recipient of invading pathogens is a growing concept in this field.
On the use of structural templates for high‐resolution docking

Reliable high‐resolution prediction of protein complex structures starting from the free monomers is a considerable challenge toward large‐scale mapping of the structural details of protein‐protein interactions. The current major bottleneck is to model the conformational changes of the monomer backbone upon binding. We evaluate the use of homolog structures as source for conformational diversity, within the framework of RosettaDock—a leading high‐resolution docking protocol. We find that the use of homolog templates can improve significantly the modeling of a complex structure, including known difficult cases. Several conformational changes however are not sampled by any of the templates, indicating the need for additional sources of conformational variability. Interestingly, the successful homolog templates are not restricted to a confined range of sequence identity, highlighting the importance of the backbone conformation rather than the sequence. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microbolometers Based on Amorphous Silicon–Germanium Films With Embedded Nanocrystals

In this paper, we have fabricated and characterized uncooled microbolometers using as infrared element intrinsic amorphous silicon-germanium films with embedded nanocrystals with a dimension in the range of ~2-4 nm. The presence of nanocrystals in the amorphous films reduces the density of defects, improves the transport properties, and specially improves the films stability against radiation. On the other hand, the combination of silicon and germanium in one alloy allows to improve the film conductivity and the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), without the necessity of perform doping. Large values of TCR have been demonstrated in the microbolometers, as large as -6.6% K-1, which in fact is the largest value reported for this kind of devices, and consequently large detectivity values were obtained in the reported devices (2 × 109 cmHz1/2W-1).
Suckling reinitiated milk secretion in beef cows after an early postpartum hiatus of milking or suckling.

We determined whether milk secretion in beef cows could be reinitiated by renewed suckling after a hiatus from milking or suckling. Fifty-three Angus x Hereford cows were suckled ad libitum by their own calves for 13 to 18 d postpartum and then assigned to treatments for 4 wk in which cows were 1) neither milked nor suckled (weaned; n = 18), 2) milked 2 x daily (milked; n = 18), or 3) suckled by their own calves (suckled; n = 17). Thereafter, all calves (including earlier weaned calves) suckled their own dams until permanent weaning at 203 d of age, except when their dams were milked once after receiving (i.m.) 40 IU of oxytocin at reinitiation of suckling (0 wk) and again 1 and 5 wk later. Prolactin was increased in milked and suckled cows during 20 min after milking or suckling at the termination of treatments (0 wk). Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I were greater for weaned than suckled cows; milked cows had intermediate concentrations. At 0 wk, milk yield was greater for suckled than milked or weaned treatment cows. After 1 wk of renewed suckling, milk secretion of weaned treatment cows increased, and by 5 wk, composition of milk was normal, but yield was still reduced. We concluded that milk secretion was renewed by suckling in early postpartum cows after they were neither suckled nor milked for 4 wk.
exo1-Dependent Mutator Mutations: Model System for Studying Functional Interactions in Mismatch Repair

ABSTRACT EXO1 interacts with MSH2 and MLH1 and has been proposed to be a redundant exonuclease that functions in mismatch repair (MMR). To better understand the role of EXO1 in mismatch repair, a genetic screen was performed to identify mutations that increase the mutation rates caused by weak mutator mutations such as exo1Δ andpms1-A130V mutations. In a screen starting with anexo1 mutation, exo1-dependent mutator mutations were obtained in MLH1, PMS1, MSH2, MSH3, POL30 (PCNA),POL32, and RNR1, whereas starting with the weakpms1 allele pms1-A130V,pms1-dependent mutator mutations were identified inMLH1, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, and EXO1. These mutations only cause weak MMR defects as single mutants but cause strong MMR defects when combined with each other. Most of the mutations obtained caused amino acid substitutions in MLH1 or PMS1, and these clustered in either the ATP-binding region or the MLH1-PMS1 interaction regions of these proteins. The mutations showed two other types of interactions: specific pairs of mutations showed unlinked noncomplementation in diploid strains, and the defect caused by pairs of mutations could be suppressed by high-copy-number expression of a third gene, an effect that showed allele and overexpressed gene specificity. These results support a model in which EXO1 plays a structural role in MMR and stabilizes multiprotein complexes containing a number of MMR proteins. A similar role is proposed for PCNA based on the data presented.
Lipoxygenase‐5 is overexpressed in prostate adenocarcinoma

Epidemiologic studies suggest that populations that consume large amounts of dietary fat are at greater risk for prostate carcinoma. Arachidonic acid and its precursor, linoleic acid, are major ingredients of animal fats and many vegetable oils that are used in the regions where prostate carcinoma is prevalent. The metabolism of arachidonic acid by either the cyclooxygenase pathway or the lipoxygenase pathway generates eicosanoids, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases, including cancer, and are now believed to play important roles in tumor promotion, progression, and metastasis. Studying these pathways in specimens from patients with prostate carcinoma, the authors recently demonstrated the overexpression of cyclooxygenase‐2 in prostate adenocarcinoma. In the current study, the authors report the overexpression of lipoxygenase‐5 (5‐LO) in samples from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma.