Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Three-Level Event Building System for the Belle II Experiment

Belle II, an experiment designed to search for physics beyond the standard model in the decay of B mesons, will soon start operation at the Super KEKB e+ e- collider. The trigger rate is expected to be 30 kHz with a margin of 10 kHz, and the raw data rate will exceed 30 GB/s. Since the system will be unable to record all data on its storage system, online reduction is required. We have developed a three-level event building system using inexpensive switches and software for traffic smoothing, enabling online event processing at a reasonable cost. The data will be recorded on the storage system about 3 GB/s after rate reduction. This paper describes the architecture and the verification result in actual beam tests.
Limiting angiotensin II signaling with a cell‐penetrating peptide mimicking the second intracellular loop of the angiotensin II type‐I receptor

A cell‐penetrating peptide consisting of the second intracellular loop (IC2) of the angiotensin II (AngII) type‐I receptor (AT1) linked to the HIV‐transactivating regulatory protein (TAT) domain was used to identify the role of this motif In intracellular signal transduction. HEK‐293 cells stably transfected with AT1R cDNA and primary cultures of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells expressing endogenous AT1 receptor were exposed to the cell‐penetrating peptide construct, and the effect on angiotensin II signaling was determined. The AT1 IC2 peptide effectively inhibited AngII‐stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover and calcium influx. It also limited the activation of Akt/PKB as determined by an inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473, and completely abolished the AngII‐dependent activation of the transcriptional factor NFκB. In contrast, the AT1 IC2 peptide had no effect on AngII/AT1 receptor activation of ERK. These results illustrate the potential of using cell‐penetrating peptides to both delineate receptor‐mediated signal transduction and to selectively regulate G protein‐coupled receptor signaling.
Generalized Predictive Current Control (GPCC) for Grid-Tie Three-Phase Inverters

This work proposes a linear generalized predictive current control (GPCC) for grid-connected voltage-source inverters, which presents a fast response to current reference step changes, parameter variation robustness, and low distortion at the output currents, with reduced computational effort. Experimental results on a 10-kW converter connected to a real grid are shown, and the proposed controller is compared against a classical proportional resonant controller.
Adverse effects of proton pump inhibitor drugs: clues and conclusions

Purpose of review To review evidence relating to the strength of associations that have appeared in largely observational studies, between high-dose or long-term use of proton pump inhibitor drugs and certain possibly attributable side-effects, which emerge from studies confounded by other variables. In retrospective studies not designed to assess safety, evidence of causality is generally lacking. Recent findings The associations of fractures of hip, wrist, forearm and other sites appear weak and only slightly higher than the risks in control populations matched for age. They may increase with drug exposure, but probably do so only in individuals in whom other risk factors are also operational (smoking, alcohol, poor nutrition, steroids, etc.). The risks of Clostridium difficile colitis, other enteric infections, small bowel bacterial overgrowth and possibly spontaneous bacterial peritonitis also appear increased. Impaired gastric secretion may adversely affect the absorption of various nutrients, but their clinical impact is ill defined. Potentially more important are the consequences of hypergastrinemia, including rebound hypersecretion of acid, and possible development of various cancers, including carcinoid tumors. Effects of other drugs, including clopidogrel, on metabolism are reviewed, but clouded by uncertainties. Summary The safety of long-term PPI administration needs serious prospective study.
On-site Night Float by Attending Physicians: A Model to Improve Resident Education and Patient Care.

BACKGROUND In 2003, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education instituted common duty hour limits, and in 2008 the Institute of Medicine recommended additional limits on continuous duty hours. Using a night-float system is an accepted approach for adhering to duty hour mandates. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of an on-site night-float attending physician on resident education and patient care. METHODS Night-float residents and daytime ward residents were surveyed at the end of their rotation about the impact of an on-site night-float attending physician on education and quality of patient care. Responses were provided on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1, strongly agree, to 5, strongly disagree. RESULTS Overall, 92 of the 140 distributed surveys were completed (66% response rate). Night-float residents found the night-float attending physician to be helpful with cross-cover issues (mean = 2.00), initial history and physical examination (mean = 1.56), choosing appropriate diagnostic tests (mean = 1.79), developing a treatment plan (mean = 1.74), and improving overall patient care (mean = 1.91). Daytime ward residents were very satisfied with the quality of the admission workups (mean = 1.78), tests and diagnostic procedures (mean = 1.76), and initial treatment plan (mean = 1.62) provided by the night-float service. CONCLUSION A night-float system that includes on-site attending physician supervision can provide a valuable opportunity for resident education and may help improve the quality of patient care.
Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and exercise testing in primary hyperparathyroidism-effects of parathyroidectomy.

BACKGROUND Nontraditional manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) are controversial and may include morbidity, mortality, and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. This study evaluates cardiovascular functions at rest and during exercise in HPT. METHOD Thirty patients with HPT (mean serum calcium, 2.97 +/- 0.24 mmol/L) and 30 control people with normocalcemia, matched for age and sex, underwent symptom-limited exercise testing and echocardiography before and 13 months (mean) after having a parathyroidectomy. RESULTS Despite similar maximal workload and blood pressures at rest in patients and healthy controls, HPT associated with higher systolic blood pressure during exercise (P =.03) and increased number of ventricular extrasystolic beats (P =.04). There was also an operatively reversible increase in ST-segment depression during exercise. Echocardiography showed an increased left ventricular (LV) isovolemic relaxation time (P =.02) and mitral deceleration time (P =.08), which indicate an LV diastolic dysfunction that could be partially reversed by operation. LV systolic function (ejection fraction and shortening fraction) tended to be elevated in HPT (P =.07 and.06, respectively) and diminished after parathyroidectomy. There was a trend toward higher LV mass, especially among the men with HPT (P =.06), which was unchanged postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS HPT couples to reversible signs of myocardial ischemia and LV dysfunctions with a possible increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmia.
Isoflurane-induced Dilation of Porcine Coronary Microvessels Is Endothelium Dependent and Inhibited by Glibenclamide

Background Isoflurane has been reported to cause dose-dependent constriction in isolated coronary microvessels. However, these results are inconsistent with data from in situ and in vivo heart preparations which show that isoflurane dilates the coronary vasculature. To clarify the direct effects of isoflurane on coronary tone, we measured the response of isolated porcine resistance arterioles (ID, 75 ± 4.0 &mgr;m; range, 41–108 &mgr;m) to isoflurane in the presence and absence of adenosine triphosphate–sensitive and Ca2+-activated potassium channel blockers and also after endothelial removal. Methods Subepicardial arterioles were isolated, cannulated, and pressurized to 45 mmHg without flow in a 37°C vessel chamber filled with MOPS buffer (pH = 7.4). After all vessels developed spontaneous (intrinsic) tone, dose-dependent (0.17–0.84 mm; approximately 0.5–2.5 minimum alveolar concentration) isoflurane-mediated effects on vessel ID were studied in the presence and absence of extraluminal glibenclamide (1 &mgr;m; an adenosine triphosphate–sensitive channel blocker) or iberiotoxin (100 nm; a Ca2+-activated potassium channel blocker) or before and after endothelial denudation using the nonionic detergent CHAPS (0.4%). Vessel ID was measured using an inverted microscope and videomicrometer, and vasomotor responses were analyzed by normalizing changes in arteriole ID to the dilation observed after exposure to 10−4 m sodium nitroprusside, which causes maximal dilation. Results Isoflurane caused dose-dependent dilation of all coronary arterioles. This vasodilation was 6.0 ± 0.7 &mgr;m at an isoflurane concentration of 0.16 mm (approximately 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration) and 25.3 ± 2.1 &mgr;m at 0.75 mm (approximately 2.5 minimum alveolar concentration). These values represent 18.1 ± 1.7% and 74.1 ± 3.3%, respectively, of that observed with 10−4 sodium nitroprusside (34 ± 3 &mgr;m). Glibenclamide, but not iberiotoxin, exposure affected arteriolar dilation in response to isoflurane. Glibenclamide caused a downward displacement of the isoflurane dose–response curve, reducing isoflurane-mediated dilation by an average of 36%. Denuded arterioles showed a marked (approximately 70%) reduction in their ability to dilate in response to isoflurane. Conclusions The authors conclude that isoflurane dilates coronary resistance arterioles in a dose-dependent manner, and that this dilation is partially mediated by adenosine triphosphate–sensitive channels and is highly dependent on the presence of a functioning endothelium.
Brief Report: Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cells are an Effective Cell Source for Therapeutic Liver Repopulation

Parthenogenesis is the development of an oocyte without fertilization. Mammalian parthenogenetic (PG) embryos are not viable, but can develop into blastocysts from which embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been derived in mouse and human. PG ESCs are frequently homozygous for alleles encoding major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. MHC homozygosity permits much more efficient immune matching than MHC heterozygosity found in conventional ESCs, making PG ESCs a promising cell source for cell therapies requiring no or little immune suppression. However, findings of restricted differentiation and proliferation of PG cells in developmental chimeras have cast doubt on the potential of PG ESC derivatives for organ regeneration. To address this uncertainty, we determined whether PG ESC derivatives are effective in rescuing mice with lethal liver failure due to deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah). In developmental chimeras generated by injecting wild‐type PG ESCs into Fah‐deficient blastocysts, PG ESCs differentiated into hepatocytes that could repopulate the liver, provide normal liver function, and facilitate long‐term survival of adult mice. Moreover, after transplantation into adult Fah‐deficient mice, PG ESC‐derived hepatocytes efficiently engrafted and proliferated, leading to high‐level liver repopulation. Our results show that—despite the absence of a paternal genome—PG ESCs can form therapeutically effective hepatocytes. Stem Cells 2014;32:1983–1988
The solo female Asian tourist

This qualitative study explores the travel motivations and experiences of solo female Asian tourists. Data were collected from 10 in-depth interviews with a focus on Asian women's travel motivations, experiences and constraints. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Resistance was found to be an important factor as in order to travel solo, the participants had to resist sociocultural expectations for Asian women's behaviour. Sexualised male attention was also found to be an important constraint. Suffering harassment from men in the destinations they visited, the women became fearful of attack or abuse, and this limited their use of the leisure space offered at the destination. Being Asian was felt to further increase their vulnerability. None of these factors however deterred the women from future solo travel plans.
Emergence of a new clone of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor displacing V. cholerae O139 Bengal in Bangladesh

The emergence of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal in 1993, its rapid spread in an epidemic form, in which it replaced existing strains of V. cholerae O1 during 1992 and 1993, and the subsequent reemergence of V. cholerae O1 of the El Tor biotype in Bangladesh since 1994 have raised questions regarding the origin of the reemerged El Tor vibrios. We studied 50 El Tor vibrio strains isolated in Bangladesh and four other countries in Asia and Africa before the emergence of V. cholerae O139 and 32 strains isolated in Bangladesh during and after the epidemic caused by V. cholerae O139 and 32 strains isolated in Bangladesh during and after the epidemic caused by V. cholerae O139 to determine whether the reemerged El Tor vibrios were genetically different from the El Tor vibrios which existed before the emergence of V. cholerae O139. Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in genes for conserved rRNA, cholera toxin (ctxA), and zonula occludens toxin (zot) or in DNA sequences flanking the genes showed that the El Tor strains isolated before the emergence of V. cholerae O139 belonged to four different ribotypes and four different ctx genotypes. Of 32 El Tor strains isolated after the emergence of O139 vibrios, 30 strains (93.7%) including all the clinical isolates belonged to a single new ribotype and a distinctly different ctx genotype. These results provide evidence that the reemerged El Tor strains represent a new clone of El Tor vibrios distinctly different from the earlier clones of El Tor vibrios which were replaced by the O139 vibrios. Further analysis showed that all the strains carried the structural and regulatory genes for toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpA, tcpI, and toxR). All strains of the new clone produced cholera toxin (CT) in vitro, as assayed by the GM1-dependent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the level of CT production was comparable to that of previous epidemic isolates of El Tor vibrios. Further studies are required to assess the epidemic potential of the newly emerged clone of V. cholerae O1 and to understand the mechanism of emergence of new clones of toxigenic V. cholerae.
Winding configurations and performance investigations of 12-stator pole variable flux reluctance machines

This paper presents an analysis of winding configurations in the novel 12-stator pole variable flux reluctance machines (VFRMs), which employ a doubly salient structure with stator located DC field windings. Compared with other doubly salient machines, including switched reluctance machines (SRMs) and doubly-fed doubly salient machines (DFDSMs), the winding connections are not fixed in VFRMs due to more feasible stator/rotor combinations. For VFRMs with 12-stator poles, both unity and non-unity winding distribution factors can be obtained. For example, in 11- and 13-rotor pole machines two types of winding connections can be used, but having different distribution factors. Due to the elimination of even order harmonics and significant reduction of the 5th and 7th order harmonics in the flux-linkage, negligible cogging torque and torque ripple (<;2%) can be obtained in the 11-rotor pole machine with an appropriate winding configuration. This is a further improvement of VFRMs with non-unity distribution factor compared with the machines with a unity distribution factor. In addition, compared with the 10-rotor pole machine, only a slight reduction of average torque in the 11-rotor pole machine is sacrificed. Five prototype VFRMs with a 12 pole stator and different rotor poles designs have been manufactured and used for the verification.
Corporate Social Responsibility Practices, Determinants and Challenges; Theoretical and Empirical Lesson for Effective and Successful Engagement

In recent times, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the concept of corporate social responsibility in developing countries. However, many of the studies fails to investigate the contextual factors that influence CSR Practices, preferring to rely on theories and hypothesis developed from studies undertaken in the west. Very little is known of the practice of CSR in developing countries. The purpose of this article review is to systematically review scholarly articles on CSR engagement to find out best practice, determinants and challenges. And the result indicates that; firm characteristics, corporate governance characteristics, institutional characteristics, socio economic and socio cultural context are identified as determinants and selectively use western approaches that can be useful or use hybrid approach is keyed out as best practice for effective CSR engagement. However, lack of community participation in CSR activities, non-availability of well-organized NGOs, narrow perception towards CSR initiatives due to early stage of its evolution, non-availability of clear CSR guidelines, lack of consensus on implementing CSR issues, lack of enough attention in terms of societal context in the CSR literature, lack of direct involvement in terms of providing instruction and exerting pressure from the parent companies of the MNCs on the local CSR initiatives which coupled with challenges impeding CSR practices or engagements. Furthermore, it was concluded that establish CSR center in order to foster CSR in the country and promote academic research in this field, encouraging the private sector participation together with NGOs within the frame work of responsible business practice, strengthen and develop CSR institutions in Ethiopia to create more awareness of the potential of CSR and integration of local values with the international standardization are recommended as suggestions to bring better implementation of CSR practice in the country.
AZD2184: a radioligand for sensitive detection of β‐amyloid deposits

The presence of β‐amyloid plaques in brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and serves as a biomarker for confirmation of diagnosis postmortem. Positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands such as Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]‐2‐(3‐fluoro‐4‐methylamino‐phenyl)‐benzothiazol‐6‐ol) (PIB) binds selectively to β‐amyloid and are promising new tools supporting the clinical diagnoses of AD. In addition, such methodology may be useful for evaluation of new drugs aiming at reduction of amyloid plaque load. The objective of this study is to develop a new amyloid selective PET radioligand with higher signal‐to‐background ratio when compared with existing amyloid PET ligands. The lead compound, AZD2184, (2‐[6‐(methylamino)pyridin‐3‐yl]‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐6‐ol) was found to have high affinity for amyloid fibrils in vitro (Kd: 8.4 ± 1.0 nM). Two minutes after i.v. administration in rats, about 1% of the dose was in brain. In vitro autoradiography on cortical brain sections from amyloid‐beta precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice and AD patients showed that while [3H]AZD2184 and [3H]PIB are mutually displaceable, [3H]AZD2184 displays a higher signal‐to‐background ratio primarily by virtue of lower background binding levels. The ratio of binding ability in prefrontal cortex (high plaque load) to subcortical white matter (background) was 4.5 for [3H]AZD2184 and 0.8 for [3H]PIB at 1 nM. In adjacent cortical sections from APP/PS1 mouse as well as from AD cortical tissue, [3H]AZD2184 and antibodies to human β‐amyloid labeled identical structures. In vivo administration of [3H]AZD2184 to APP/PS1 mice further showed that [3H]AZD2184 labels amyloid deposits with low non‐specific background binding. Taken together, the pre‐clinical profile of AZD2184 in relation to the reference ligand PIB, suggests that 11C‐labeled AZD2184 is a potential radioligand for PET‐visualization of β‐amyloid deposits in the living human brain.
A novel semi-immersive virtual reality visuo-motor task activates ventrolateral prefrontal cortex: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Objective. In the last few years, the interest in applying virtual reality systems for neurorehabilitation is increasing. Their compatibility with neuroimaging techniques, such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), allows for the investigation of brain reorganization with multimodal stimulation and real-time control of the changes occurring in brain activity. The present study was aimed at testing a novel semi-immersive visuo-motor task (VMT), which has the features of being adopted in the field of neurorehabilitation of the upper limb motor function. Approach. A virtual environment was simulated through a three-dimensional hand-sensing device (the LEAP Motion Controller), and the concomitant VMT-related prefrontal cortex (PFC) response was monitored non-invasively by fNIRS. Upon the VMT, performed at three different levels of difficulty, it was hypothesized that the PFC would be activated with an expected greater level of activation in the ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC), given its involvement in the motor action planning and in the allocation of the attentional resources to generate goals from current contexts. Twenty-one subjects were asked to move their right hand/forearm with the purpose of guiding a virtual sphere over a virtual path. A twenty-channel fNIRS system was employed for measuring changes in PFC oxygenated–deoxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb/HHb, respectively). Main results. A VLPFC O2Hb increase and a concomitant HHb decrease were observed during the VMT performance, without any difference in relation to the task difficulty. Significance. The present study has revealed a particular involvement of the VLPFC in the execution of the novel proposed semi-immersive VMT adoptable in the neurorehabilitation field.
Apg13p and Vac8p Are Part of a Complex of Phosphoproteins That Are Required for Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting*

We have been studying protein components that function in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway and the overlapping process of macroautophagy. The Vac8 and Apg13 proteins are required for the import of aminopeptidase I (API) through the Cvt pathway. We have identified a protein-protein interaction between Vac8p and Apg13p by both two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation analysis. Subcellular fractionation of API indicates that Vac8p and Apg13p are involved in the vesicle formation step of the Cvt pathway. Kinetic analysis of the Cvt pathway and autophagy indicates that, although Vac8p is essential for Cvt transport, it is less important for autophagy. In vivo phosphorylation experiments demonstrate that both Vac8p and Apg13p are phosphorylated proteins, and Apg13p phosphorylation is regulated by changing nutrient conditions. Although Apg13p interacts with the serine/threonine kinase Apg1p, this protein is not required for phosphorylation of either Vac8p or Apg13p. Subcellular fractionation experiments indicate that Apg13p and a fraction of Apg1p are membrane-associated. Vac8p and Apg13p may be part of a larger protein complex that includes Apg1p and additional interacting proteins. Together, these components may form a protein complex that regulates the conversion between Cvt transport and autophagy in response to changing nutrient conditions.