Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algebraic and computational aspects of quantum control and applications.

We investigate the problem of control of quantum systems. Various notions of controllability of quantum systems are discussed and Lie algebraic techniques are employed to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the resulting degrees of controllability. The results are employed to study the degree of controllability for various model systems. The problem of optimal control is formulated as a problem of maximisation of the expectation value of an observable of the system subject to dynamical constraints and costs. A class of iterative algorithms is discussed, and shown to converge to a solution of the Euler-Lagrange equations, which is a necessary condition for optimality of a solution. A numerical realisation of the algorithm is presented and potential implementation of the resulting control fields in the laboratory is discussed. The algorithm is applied to find optimal control fields for a variety of applications including selective and simultaneous excitation of individual quantum dots in a globally addressed ensemble, creation of superposition states, and selective excitation of certain vibrational modes of a simple molecule such as Hydrogen Fluoride. In each case we systematically explore the parameter space of the algorithm to select solutions with desirable physical features from the multitude of possible choices. As there are many possible optimal control fields which give similar yields the question of whether some are more robust than others is investigated. A number of optimal fields are analysed quantitatively in terms of robustness with regard to temporal and spectral noise affecting the fields, uncertainty in the model parameters and the effect of experimental limitations such as restrictions on the bandwidth of the fields. It is shown that whilst the solutions tend to be sensitive to uncertainty in the energy levels chosen for the model, they appear to be surprisingly tolerant to even severe bandwidth limitations.
Pathophysiology of Muscle in Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Conditions

Purpose: To provide an overview of skeletal muscle pathophysiology in pulmonary and cardiovascular conditions commonly managed by physical therapists. Summary of Key Points: This review describes the muscle pathophysiology associated with congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, cystic fibrosis, intensive care unit–acquired weakness, immobilization, and aging. Causes of poor muscle performance are multifactorial; disease-specific and generic factors can contribute to the etiology. The time course of deterioration of peripheral and ventilatory muscle may each follow a distinctive course dependent on disease severity, its progression, and other influencing factors. Generic factors that are common in many respiratory and cardiovascular conditions are systemic inflammation and oxidative stress leading to peripheral and ventilatory muscle dysfunction that is accentuated by reduced physical activity. Loss of muscle function associated with aging is also reflected in both peripheral and ventilatory muscles. Evidence of how exercise training can counter the deleterious effects of disease on physical function is outlined. Statement of Conclusions: Patients with pulmonary and cardiovascular conditions may experience atrophy and weakness due to macroscopic, cellular, and metabolic alterations. Physical therapy interventions to improve muscle function need to consider the potential reversibility and related time course of the underlying pathophysiology of muscle dysfunction.
Comparison of Local Anaesthesia with Sedation to General Anaesthesia in Surgeries of Middle Ear

Introduction: Middle ear surgeries (MES) can be performed under either general anaesthesia or local anesthesia and sedation and can be well tolerated by the patient with minimal discomfort. Material & Methods: Eighty patients of either sex, aged between 20 and 50 years of ASA Grades I and II, undergoing MESs (tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy) under local anaesthesia were included. Patients in Local Anaesthesia group received a bolus dose of injection dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg IV over 10 min followed by an infusion started at 0.4 μg/kg/h IV. In patients of General Anaesthesia group inj propofol 1 mg/ kg was given followed by . 1mg/ kg of vecuronium bromide After 2 minutes pts were put on LMA and maintained with oxygen and nitrous oxide in ratio of 1:2 and 0.5 mac of isoflurane throughout the procedure and were switched off on the commencement of skin stitch. Statistics Hemodynamic data was evaluated using t test for group comparisons. Data not normally distributed was compared using Mann Whitney U test. Categorical data was analyzed using Chi square test. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant Result: If patients satisfaction is taken for consideration then general anesthesia technique is preferred over local anesthesia However the middle ear surgery can be performed with any of the methods of anaesthesia. Introduction Middle ear surgeries (MES) can be performed under either general anaesthesia or local anesthesia and sedation and can be well tolerated by the patient with minimal discomfort. Advantages with the local anaesthesia techniques are less bleeding, early recovery, post-operative analgesia, inexpensive and most important one is the ability to test the hearing of the patient intra operatively Commonly used medications for sedation during surgery under local anaesthesia with MAC including opioids, benzodiazepines, propofol and α2 agonists 1,2 . Practicing combination of two agents can provide better patient control and allows the use of smaller doses of each single agent avoiding its undesirable www.jmscr. igmpublication.org Impact Factor (SJIF): 6.379 Index Copernicus Value: 79.54 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i8.194
Genetics, prognosis, and transplantation for myelofibrosis

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF), polycythemia vera (PV), and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are chronic disorders that may extend over years or decades. Therapy tends to be conservative, but once marrow fibrosis and peripheral cytopenias become the dominant characteristics, prognosis is poor. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only treatment with curative potential, leading to survival in remission in 35%‐70% of patients. However, HCT is associated with risks, and despite the development of numerous risk scoring systems, optimal timing of HCT remains controversial. The identification of “driver mutations” in JAK2, MPL1, and CALR, and prognostically relevant additional mutations, may assist in the decision‐making process. While patients with type 1 CALR mutations generally have a superior prognosis, absence of all driver mutations is associated with inferior outcome. Mutations in ASXL1, SRSF2, IDH1/2, and EZH2 are linked to more rapid disease progression and, along with biallelic TP53 mutations, leukemic transformation. The strongest risk factor is the presence of multiple mutations. By MIPSS70 criteria, considering mutations, median survival was 27 years for the best risk group, but 2.3 years for the highest‐risk group. The presence of nondriver mutations, particularly in the absence of CALR mutations, and association with adverse cytogenetics, should lead to consideration of HCT. But the role of mutations has to be assessed in the context of the overall presentation. Unfortunately, risk factors that affect the natural history of the disease also impact post‐HCT outcome. Needed are innovative transplant strategies, also including pre‐HCT and post‐HCT adjuvant therapy.
Effect of acupuncture on decreasing blood lactate levels after exercise in elite basketball athletes

The study aim was to determine if acupuncture at the PC 6 Neiguan and ST 36 Zusanli points could decrease blood lactate levels in elite basketball athletes after exercise. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in 36 elite basketball athletes divided into 2 groups: the acupuncture group (n = 18) and control group (n = 18). In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was performed at the PC 6 Neiguan and ST 36 Zusanli points for 20 minutes. In the control group, no intervention was performed. Before the first session and after the twelfth, the athletes performed a specified exercise. Blood lactate levels were measured at 5 minutes and 25 minutes after exercise by using a portable blood lactate analyzer to determine the decrease due to clearance. In the acupuncture group, the decrease in blood lactate levels improved from 3.94 ± 1.11 mmol/l (study beginning) to 5.24 ± 1.22 mmol/l (study end). In the control group, the decrease in blood lactate levels improved from 3.59 ± 1.26 mmol/l (study beginning) to 3.78 ± 1.11 mmol/l (study end). The decrease in lactate levels after exercise in elite basketball athletes was significantly greater after acupuncture treatment than in the control group.
Moderate-to-severe eosinophilia induced by treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: 37 cases from a national reference center for hypereosinophilic syndromes and the French pharmacovigilance database

ABSTRACT A better understanding of immune-related adverse events is essential for the early detection and appropriate management of these phenomena. We conducted an observational study of cases recorded at the French reference center for hypereosinophilic syndromes and in the French national pharmacovigilance database. Thirty-seven reports of eosinophilia induced by treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were included. The median [range] time to the absolute eosinophil count (AEC) peak was 15 [4─139] weeks. The median AEC was 2.7 [0.8─90.9] G/L. Eosinophil-related manifestations were reported in 21 of the 37 cases (57%). If administered, corticosteroids were always effective (n = 10 out of 10). Partial or complete remission of eosinophilia was obtained in some patients not treated with corticosteroids, after discontinuation (n = 12) or with continuation (n = 4) of the ICI. The AEC should be monitored in ICI-treated patients. If required by oncologic indications, continuation of ICI may be an option in asymptomatic hypereosinophilic patients, and in corticosteroid responders.
Experimental evolution of competing bean beetle species reveals long‐term reversals of short‐term evolution, but no consistent character displacement

Abstract Interspecific competition for shared resources should select for evolutionary divergence in resource use between competing species, termed character displacement. Many purported examples of character displacement exist, but few completely rule out alternative explanations. We reared genetically diverse populations of two species of bean beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus and Callosobruchus chinensis, in allopatry and sympatry on a mixture of adzuki beans and lentils, and assayed oviposition preference and other phenotypic traits after four, eight, and twelve generations of (co)evolution. C. maculatus specializes on adzuki beans; the generalist C. chinensis uses both beans. C. chinensis growing in allopatry emerged equally from both bean species. In sympatry, the two species competing strongly and coexisted via strong realized resource partitioning, with C. chinensis emerging almost exclusively from lentils and C. maculatus emerging almost exclusively from adzuki beans. However, oviposition preferences, larval survival traits, and larval development rates in both beetle species did not vary consistently between allopatric versus sympatric treatments. Rather, traits evolved in treatment‐independent fashion, with several traits exhibiting reversals in their evolutionary trajectories. For example, C. chinensis initially evolved a slower egg‐to‐adult development rate on adzuki beans in both allopatry and sympatry, then subsequently evolved back toward the faster ancestral development rate. Lack of character displacement is consistent with a previous similar experiment in bean beetles and may reflect lack of evolutionary trade‐offs in resource use. However, evolutionary reversals were unexpected and remain unexplained. Together with other empirical and theoretical work, our results illustrate the stringency of the conditions for character displacement.
Fallopian tube vascularization observed by microfocus computed tomography

1. Radiology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitário Severino Sombra, Vassouras, RJ, Brazil. 3. Nuclear Engineering Program (PEN/COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 4. Radiology Department, Clínica de Diagnóstico Por Imagem (CDPI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 5. Department of Obstetrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 6. Medical Course, Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), Campus Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Correspondence: Dr. Edward Araujo Júnior. Rua Belchior de Azevedo, 156, ap. 111, Torre Vitoria, Vila Leopoldina. São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05089-030. Email: araujojred@terra.com. br. a. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-6587; b. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-2804; c. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3319-744X; d. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6535-7236; e. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8620-7293; f. https://orcid.org//0000-0002-6145-2532. Received 13 October 2018. Accepted after revision 11 December 2018.
The Importance of Improving Health Literacy in Schools

Several factors have been identified as risk factors for LBP, such as genetic, psychosocial, physiological, anthropometric and environmental. Among them, we can consider ethnicity, age, sex, smoking, obesity, sedentary activities such as television watching and computer use, physical activity, adoption of inappropriate postures and transportation and excess weight in school backpacks [7-10]. This way, some risk factors for the development of LBP can be modified with some type of intervention.
Where is the optimum? Predicting the variation of selection along climatic gradients and the adaptive value of plasticity. A case study on tree phenology

Many theoretical models predict when genetic evolution and phenotypic plasticity allow adaptation to changing environmental conditions. These models generally assume stabilizing selection around some optimal phenotype. We however often ignore how optimal phenotypes change with the environment, which limit our understanding of the adaptive value of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we propose an approach based on our knowledge of the causal relationships between climate, adaptive traits, and fitness to further these questions. This approach relies on a sensitivity analysis of the process‐based model Phenofit, which mathematically formalizes these causal relationships, to predict fitness landscapes and optimal budburst dates along elevation gradients in three major European tree species. Variation in the overall shape of the fitness landscape and resulting directional selection gradients were found to be mainly driven by temperature variation. The optimal budburst date was delayed with elevation, while the range of dates allowing high fitness narrowed and the maximal fitness at the optimum decreased. We also found that the plasticity of the budburst date should allow tracking the spatial variation in the optimal date, but with variable mismatch depending on the species, ranging from negligible mismatch in fir, moderate in beech, to large in oak. Phenotypic plasticity would therefore be more adaptive in fir and beech than in oak. In all species, we predicted stronger directional selection for earlier budburst date at higher elevation. The weak selection on budburst date in fir should result in the evolution of negligible genetic divergence, while beech and oak would evolve counter‐gradient variation, where genetic and environmental effects are in opposite directions. Our study suggests that theoretical models should consider how whole fitness landscapes change with the environment. The approach introduced here has the potential to be developed for other traits and species to explore how populations will adapt to climate change.
Associations between moral injury, PTSD clusters, and depression among Israeli veterans: a network approach

ABSTRACT Background: Moral Injury (MI) is one of the adverse consequences of combat. Following exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs)––events perceived as violations of deep moral beliefs by oneself or trusted individuals––a significant minority of veterans could develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Objective: The current study represents the first attempt to apply a network analysis model to examine an exploratory empirical conceptualization of a network of PMIEs during military service, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters, depression, and combat exposure among Israel Defence Forces veterans. Method: A volunteer sample of 191 Israeli combat veterans were recruited during 2017, and completed validated self-report questionnaires tapping PMIEs, PTSD, and depression in a cross-sectional design study. A regularized Gaussian graphical model was estimated. Results: Network analysis revealed strong bridge associations between the PTSD nodes and most of the PMIEs nodes. The nodes of PMIE-betrayal and PTSD negative alterations in cognitions and mood (NACM) symptom cluster were found to have a bridging function between other PMIEs and PTSD. Depression was found to be connected to most of the PMIEs and PTSD nodes. Conclusions: The study’s findings offer an overview of the complex relationships between PMIEs and PTSD clusters among Israeli veterans. PMIEs––notably, betrayal-based experiences––are related to PTSD clusters directly and through depressive symptoms. Some possible mechanisms for the links between PMIEs and PTSD and the clinical implications related to specific interventions are discussed.
The AST/ALT (De Ritis) ratio predicts clinical outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer treated with first-line nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine: post hoc analysis of an Austrian multicenter, noninterventional study

Background: The pretreatment De Ritis ratio [aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT)] has been shown to be an adverse prognostic marker in various cancer entities. However, its relevance to advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not yet been studied. In the present study we investigated the AST/ALT ratio as a possible predictor of treatment response and disease outcome in patients with advanced PDAC treated with first-line gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel. Methods: A post hoc analysis of a prospective, multicenter, noninterventional study was performed. A total of 202 patients with advanced PDAC treated with first-line gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel for whom the AST/ALT ratio was measured were included in this analysis. Results: Median and 1-year progression-free survival estimates were 4.8 months and 5.1%, respectively in patients with an AST/ALT ratio above the 75th percentile of its distribution, and 6.0 months and 18.7%, respectively in patients with an AST/ALT ratio less than or equal to this cutoff, respectively (log-rank p = 0.004). In univariable Cox regression, a doubling of the AST/ALT ratio was associated with a 1.4-fold higher relative risk of progression or death [hazard ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.80, p = 0.017]. The prognostic association was also found in multivariable analysis adjusting for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and lung metastases (hazard ratio per AST/ALT ratio doubling = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.00–1.75, p = 0.047). In treatment response analysis, a doubling of the AST/ALT ratio was associated with a 0.5-fold lower odds of objective response (odds ratio = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31–0.94, p = 0.020). Conclusions: The pretreatment serum AST/ALT ratio predicts poor disease outcome and response rate in patients with advanced PDAC treated with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel and might represent a novel and inexpensive marker for individual risk assessment in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Statistical Issues and Group Classification in Plasma MicroRNA Studies With Data Application

The analysis of plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) has been widely used as a method for finding potential biomarkers for human diseases, especially those with a link to cancer. Methods of analyzing plasma miRNA have been thoroughly discussed from sample extraction to data modeling. However, some issues exist within the process that have rarely been talked about. Rice et al. discussed some issues in plasma miRNA studies, such as the lack of standard methodology including the use of different cycle threshold, time to plasma extraction, among others. These issues can lead to inconsistent data, and thus impact the result and assay reproducibility. Other external issues, such as batch effect and operator effect, may also indirectly impact the statistical analysis. Here, we discuss issues in plasma miRNA studies from a statistical point of view. The interaction effect of different ways of calculating fold-change, the choice of housekeeping genes, and methods of normalization are among the issues we discuss, with data demonstrations. P values are calculated and compared to determine the effect of those issues on statistical conclusions. Statistical methods such as analysis of variance and analysis of covariance are crucial in the analysis of miRNA but investigators are often confused about them; therefore, a brief explanation of these statistical methods is also included. In addition, 3-group classification is discussed, as it is often challenging, compared with 2-group classification.
Immunoendocrine Peripheral Effects Induced by Atypical Antipsychotics

Atypical antipsychotics (AAP) or second-generation antipsychotics are the clinical option for schizophrenia treatment during acute psychoses, but they are also indicated for maintenance during lifetime, even though they are being used for other psychiatric conditions in clinical practice such as affective disorders and autism spectrum disorder, among others. These drugs are differentiated from typical antipsychotics based on their clinical profile and are a better choice because they cause fewer side effects regarding extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Even though they provide clear therapeutic benefits, AAP induce peripheral effects that trigger phenotypic, functional, and systemic changes outside the Central Nervous System (CNS). Metabolic disease is frequently associated with AAP and significantly impacts the patient's quality of life. However, other peripheral changes of clinical relevance are present during AAP treatment, such as alterations in the immune and endocrine systems as well as the intestinal microbiome. These less studied alterations also have a significant impact in the patient's health status. This manuscript aims to revise the peripheral immunological, endocrine, and intestinal microbiome changes induced by AAP consumption recommended in the clinical guidelines for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.