Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iridium Single Atoms Coupling with Oxygen Vacancies Boosts Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acid Media.

Simultaneous realization of improved activity, enhanced stability, and reduced cost remains a desirable yet challenging goal in the search of electrocatalysis oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid. Herein, we report a novel strategy to prepare iridium single-atoms (Ir-SAs) on ultrathin NiCo2O4 porous nanosheets (Ir-NiCo2O4 NSs) by co-electrodeposition method. The surface exposed Ir-SAs couplings with oxygen vacancies (VO) exhibit boosting the catalysts OER activity and stability in acid media. They display superior OER performance with an ultralow overpotential of 240 mV at j = 10 mA cm-2 and long-term stability of 70 h in acid media. The TOFs of 1.13 and 6.70 s-1 at an overpotential of 300 and 370 mV also confirm their remarkable performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the prominent OER performance arises from the surface electronic exchange-and-transfer activ-ities contributed by atomic Ir incorporation on the intrinsic VO existed NiCo2O4 surface. The atomic Ir sites substantially elevate the electronic activity of surface lower coordinated Co-sites nearby VO, which facilitate the surface electronic exchange-and-transfer capabilities. With this trend, the preferred H2O-activation and stabilized *O have been reached towards competitively lower overpo-tential. This is a generalized key for optimally boosting OER performance.
The effects of shoes and insoles for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACT The aim of this review was to examine the effects of shoes and insoles on low back pain (LBP). Seven electronic databases were searched from their inception to May 2020. The methodological quality of the 14 included studies was assessed by PEDro scale. Quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Moderate evidence on the disability questionnaire score (SMD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.77; P < 0.001) and pain score (SMD, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.85; P < 0.001) of the custom-made orthotics for chronic LBP compared with no orthotics/insoles intervention was found. Meta-analysis results also showed moderate evidence on the disability questionnaire score (SMD, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.82; P =0.03) in patients who wore unstable shoes compared with regular shoes. Pain and life quality scores showed low-quality evidence of unstable shoes for chronic LBP. Custom-made orthotics and unstable shoes can be recommended to patients as a management option of chronic LBP.
Heterogeneity of Visual Preferences for Biological and Repetitive Movements in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Previous studies have repeatedly reported atypical visual preferences to repetitive movements and deficient perception of biological movements in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, limited research has investigated the heterogeneity of the visual preferences in individuals with ASD. In the current study, we explored the visual preferences to different movement types (repetitive, biological, and random) in children with ASD using a paired preferential looking paradigm. Thirty‐nine children with ASD and 37 typically developing (TD) children participated in our study, with their eye movements recorded as the index of visual preferences. We examined the differences of visual preferences between the ASD and TD group, and the heterogeneity of visual preferences within the ASD group. We found group differences between children with ASD and TD children: Overall, the ASD group preferred repetitive movements while the TD group preferred biological movements. We also detected heterogeneity of visual preferences within the ASD group: Although the majority of children with ASD preferred repetitive movements as previous studies reported, 9 out of 39 children with ASD preferred biological movements similarly as their TD peers. Moreover, the visual preference patterns were correlated with autistic symptoms, especially the socio‐communicative impairments. Our study provided evidence of heterogeneity of visual attention and main visual preference to repetitive movements in children with ASD. The findings add to the body of literature of the heterogeneous behavioral symptoms and the atypical visual preferences in individuals with ASD.
Prospective Screening of Extracranial Systemic Arteriopathy in Young Adults with Moyamoya Disease

Background RNF213 is a major susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease (MMD), characterized by chronic progressive steno‐occlusion of the intracranial arteries. However, coincidental extracranial arteriopathy is sporadically described in a few cases and in children with MMD. Methods and Results This study prospectively enrolled 63 young adults (aged 20–49 years) without a known history of systemic vascular diseases who were confirmed to have definite (bilateral, n=54) or probable (unilateral, n=9) MMD, as per typical angiographic findings. Coronary and aorta computed tomography angiography was performed to characterize extracranial arteriopathy and investigate its correlation with clinical characteristics and MMD status, including the RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys variation (c.14429G>A, rs112735431). Altogether, 11 of 63 patients (17%) had significant (>50%) stenosis in the coronary (n=6), superior mesenteric (n=2), celiac (n=2), renal (n=1), and/or internal iliac artery (n=1). One patient showed both mesenteric and iliac artery stenosis. Patients with extracranial arteriopathy were more likely to have diabetes mellitus and posterior cerebral artery involvement. Moreover, a higher prevalence of extracranial arteriopathy was observed in the presence of the RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys variant (67% in homozygotes). After controlling for diabetes mellitus and posterior cerebral artery involvement, the p.Arg4810Lys variant was independently associated with extracranial arteriopathy (additive model; P=0.035; adjusted odds ratio, 4.57; 95% CI, 1.11–27.20). Conclusions Young adults with MMD may have concomitant extracranial arteriopathy in various locations. Patients with RNF213 variants, especially the p.Arg4810Lys homozygous variant, should be screened for systemic arteriopathy.
A Structure Model Explaining the Binding Between a Ubiquitous Unconventional G-protein (OsYchF1) and a Plant-Specific C2-Domain Protein (OsGAP1) from Rice.

The unconventional G-protein OsYchF1 plays regulatory roles in plant defense and abiotic stress responses. We have previously resolved the crystal structures of OsYchF1 and its plant-specific regulator, OsGAP1, and determined the residues on OsGAP1 that are essential for its binding to OsYchF1. In this study, we employed site-directed mutagenesis to identify four critical residues on the TGS domain of OsYchF1 that are critical for its binding to OsGAP1. We also generated a docking model of the OsYchF1:OsGAP1 complex to dissect the molecular basis of their interactions. Our finding not only reveals the roles of the key interacting residues controlling the binding between OsYchF1 and OsGAP1, but also provides a working model on the potential regulatory mechanism mediated by a TGS domain, particularly in the class of GTPase of the OBG family.
miRNAs in Cancer Initiation and Progression

In the past decade, we have witnessed the discovery of new classes of regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that challenge the central dogma "DNA makes RNA makes protein," that relegates RNA molecules to a simple intermediate between genes and proteins. Accumulating evidence has shown that ncRNAs have a crucial functional importance for normal development, physiology and disease, including cancer (1). This functional relevance of ncRNAs is particularly evident for the class of microRNAs (miRNAs), single stranded RNAs of 19–25 nt in length that negatively regulate gene expression by translational inhibition or degradation of the mRNA targets (2). MiRNAs represent 1% of the total genes in humans and regulate more than 60% of the entire cellular transcriptome and have roles in all aspects of cancer biology (3– 4). Dysregulation of miRNAs appears to play a fundamental role in the onset, progression and dissemination of cancers, and replacement of downregulatedmiRNAs in tumor cells results in a positive therapeutic response. Recently, several reports have suggested that circulating miRNAs are stable and detectable in serum/plasma and that blood-based miRNA profiles could emerge as revolutionary sources of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis (5). In this chapter, we discuss the progress of miRNAs research related to cancer as well as the potential for miRNAs to become the next generation of diagnostics and therapeutics.Wewill also present a chronologic history of the major discoveries in the last decade that have catapulted miRNAs to the center stage of clinical oncology research.
Trois gènes et quatre neuropathies périphériques myéliniques : premières corrélations génotype/phénotype

Des anomalies des genes codant pour PMP22, Cx32 et PO sont responsables de la grande majorite des neuropathies peripheriques myeliniques, formant un continuum neuropathologique: hypomyelinisation congenitale grave, syndrome de Dejerine-Sottas, forme precoce et severe, maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth de type 1 ou liee a l'X, deux formes moins severes, neuropathie hereditaire avec paralysies a la pression (HNPP) qui est la moins grave. La proteine PO est une proteine d'adherence cellulaire, impliquee dans la compaction de la myeline ; PMP22 est une proteine integrale membranaire, presente aussi dans la myeline compacte, a la fonction encore inconnue ; la connexine Cx32 entre dans la constitution des jonctions communicantes qui permettent la diffusion radiale des molecules metaboliques et de signalisation au travers des couches de la myeline.
Interaction of memantine with calf thymus DNA: an in-vitro and in-silico approach and cytotoxic effect on the cancerous cell lines

Abstract Memantine belongs to the class of cognition enhancers that functions as NMDA receptor antagonist, used to treat Alzheimer's disease. The interaction of memantine with DNA was not investigated. In the present study, the interaction of memantine with ct-DNA, as well as its cytotoxicity on cancer cells, was evaluated. UV-visible spectroscopy, steady-state fluorescence spectroscopic studies revealed the interaction between memantine and ct-DNA. The quenching studies, chemical denaturation, (CD), and DNA melting studies showed the groove binding mode of memantine with ct-DNA. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the interaction between memantine and ct-DNA is enthalpically driven, and the stabilizing forces involved were hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interaction. The groove-binding was also observed by molecular docking studies, which corroborated the findings of spectroscopic investigations. Density function theory calculations confirmed the existence of electron donor and recipient groups. The stability of memantine and DNA interaction, as well as the critical residues involved in the interaction, was identified by molecular dynamics simulations. Memantine showed cytotoxicity towards the cancer cells as compared to normal cells, as observed by MTT assay. Inverted compound microscopy analysis of memantine treated cancer cell lines further confirmed the results obtained by MTT assay. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Usability inquiry of a gamified behavior change app for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder

The purpose of this study was to conduct the first usability inquiry of a gamified, behavior change theory-guided mobile app PuzzleWalk for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Eighteen adults with and without ASD participated in a mixed-methods study that consisted of cognitive walkthrough, system usability assessment, and qualitative interviews. The results of the system usability testing indicated satisfactory quality of the PuzzleWalk system that can be readily applicable to both adults with and without ASD. Several notable issues were identified from the qualitative interviews that address critical insights into unique health and social needs in adults with ASD. Future work is warranted to examine the long-term effects of the PuzzleWalk system on increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in adults with and without ASD in real-world settings.
Natranaerofaba carboxydovora gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely haloalkaliphilic CO‐utilizing acetogen from a hypersaline soda lake representing a novel deep phylogenetic lineage in the class ‘Natranaerobiia’

Summary An anaerobic enrichment with CO from sediments of hypersaline soda lakes resulted in a methane‐forming binary culture, whereby CO was utilized by a bacterium and not the methanogenic partner. The bacterial isolate ANCO1 forms a deep‐branching phylogenetic lineage at the level of a new family within the class ‘Natranaerobiia’. It is an extreme haloalkaliphilic and moderate thermophilic acetogen utilizing CO, formate, pyruvate and lactate as electron donors and thiosulfate, nitrate (reduced to ammonia) and fumarate as electron acceptors. The genome of ANCO1 encodes a full Wood–Ljungdahl pathway allowing for CO oxidation and acetogenic conversion of pyruvate. A locus encoding Nap nitrate reductase/NrfA ammonifying nitrite reductase is also present. Thiosulfate respiration is encoded by a Phs/Psr‐like operon. The organism obviously relies on Na‐based bioenergetics, since the genome encodes for the Na+‐Rnf complex, Na+‐F1F0 ATPase and Na+‐translocating decarboxylase. Glycine betaine serves as a compatible solute. ANCO1 has an unusual membrane polar lipid composition dominated by diethers, more common among archaea, probably a result of adaptation to multiple extremophilic conditions. Overall, ANCO1 represents a unique example of a triple extremophilic CO‐oxidizing anaerobe and is classified as a novel genus and species Natranaerofaba carboxydovora in a novel family Natranaerofabacea.
Temperature requirements of some aphids and their parasites

The rate of insect development depends upon the temperature to which the insects are exposed. For each species, the temperature below which no measurable development occurs is its threshold of development. The amount of heat required over time for an insect to complete some aspect of development is considered to be a thermal constant (Andrewartha & Birch 1954; Bursell 1964). Messenger (1959, 1970) has shown that the threshold and the thermal constant may be useful indicators of an insect's potential distribution and abundance. This paper is concerned with differences between the developmental thresholds and temperature requirements of A cyrtihosiphon pisum (Harris), Aphis craccivora Koch, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Macrosiphum avenae (F.), and Masonaphis maxima (Mason) (Homoptera: Aphididae); their parasites Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao, A. ervi ervi Haliday, A. e. pulcher Baker, A. rubifolii Mackauer, Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh), and Praon pequodorum Viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae); and hyperparasites Dendrocerus (= Lygocerus) niger (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) and Asaphes lucens (Provancher) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). No attempt is made to review the extensive literature on temperature effects on insect development in general. Andrewartha & Birch (1954), Bodenheimer & Swirski (1957), Howe (1967), Messenger (1959) and Schwerdtfeger (1963) have critically reviewed methods for determining temperature coefficients.
Does size matter? —a population-based analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma

Background The 8th edition staging system for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has been proposed. The size of tumor is not taken into consideration. We intend to elucidate the prognostic value of the size of MPM and evaluate the current staging system via the data of SEER database. Methods All cases of primary MPM were identified and extracted from the SEER database during the period of 2004–2016. The endpoints were overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) which were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test and Cox regression were utilized to identify the prognostic factors. Results A total of 2,138 patients were included in the primary cohort. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of MPM were 39.4%, 11.8% and 3.8%. Older, male and advanced stage patients accounted for larger proportion of the cohort. Besides tumor extension, lymph node involvement and metastatic status, tumor size, pathological type and differentiation grade were significant prognostic factors. In the stratified analysis of tumor extension, size is a significant prognostic factor in T2 patients and indicates inferior survival outcomes. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation can increase both OS and CSS in MPM patients. Triple combination treatments showed a superiority to other treatments. Conclusions Tumor size matters in the prognosis of MPM especially in the early stage of MPM patients. The adjusted TNM staging system incorporating tumor size has better accuracy than the 8th edition IMIG system. However, some stages had not been fully identified. More cases of early stages are warranted for essential revision.
Effects of Home‐Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Time to Enrollment and Functional Status in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease

Background Cardiac rehabilitation is an established performance measure for adults with ischemic heart disease, but patient participation is remarkably low. Home‐based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) may be more practical and feasible, but evidence regarding its efficacy is limited. We sought to compare the effects of HBCR versus facility‐based cardiac rehabilitation (FBCR) on functional status in patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods and Results This was a pragmatic trial of 237 selected patients with a recent ischemic heart disease event, who enrolled in HBCR or FBCR between August 2015 and September 2017. The primary outcome was 3‐month change in distance completed on a 6‐minute walk test. Secondary outcomes included rehospitalization as well as patient‐reported physical activity, quality of life, and self‐efficacy. Characteristics of the 116 patients enrolled in FBCR and 121 enrolled in HBCR were similar, except the mean time from index event to enrollment was shorter for HBCR (25 versus 77 days; P<0.001). As compared with patients undergoing FBCR, those in HBCR achieved greater 3‐month gains in 6‐minute walk test distance (+95 versus +41 m; P<0.001). After adjusting for demographics, comorbid conditions, and indication, the mean change in 6‐minute walk test distance remained significantly greater for patients enrolled in HBCR (+101 versus +40 m; P<0.001). HBCR participants reported greater improvements in quality of life and physical activity but less improvement in exercise self‐efficacy. There were no deaths or cardiovascular hospitalizations. Conclusions Patients enrolled in HBCR achieved greater 3‐month functional gains than those enrolled in FBCR. Our data suggest that HBCR may safely derive equivalent benefits in exercise capacity and overall program efficacy in selected patients. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov; Unique identifier: NCT02105246.
Prevalence and socioeconomic factors in the prescription of concurrent amphetamine and alprazolam

Objective Goals were to determine the prevalence of concurrent prescription of amphetamine and alprazolam, and examine variation by socioeconomic factors. Methods Washington State’s Prescription Monitoring Program was reviewed for calendar years 2013 through 2017. Individuals receiving more than 180 days of amphetamine, alprazolam or both were tabulated for each zip code. Prescription rates were compared between zip codes with variation in rural/urban setting and fraction of low and high income households using a multiple regression. Results One in 3920 individuals in the general population of Washington State were taking a combination of alprazolam and amphetamine. The statewide prevalence of this combination increased 40.2% between 2013 and 2017. The prevalence of the combination in each zip code is significantly positively correlated with the fraction of high income households, p < 0.001, and urban area, p < 0.05. In contrast, the prevalence of amphetamine increased with both the fraction of high income, p < 0.001, and low income households, p < 0.01, with an incremental increase over twice as large with fraction of high income (b = 232 (25)) than low income households (b = 102 (38)). In contrast, alprazolam decreased in prevalence with the fraction of high income households, p < 0.05. Conclusions The prevalence of concurrent prescription of alprazolam and amphetamine correlates with local socioeconomic factors, including greater household income, instead of the prevalence of FDA indications, including anxiety disorders or ADHD. More clinical studies are required to establish efficacy and guidelines for safe use to mitigate the increased risk of accidents in patients taking concurrent amphetamine and alprazolam.
Valuation of ecosystem services for assessment of cost of deforestation, and analysis of its drivers with implications for sustainable forest management in Ghana

The aim of this thesis was to estimate the cost of deforestation and to identify its drivers in the high forest zone of Ghana. The purpose was also to raise awareness about the severity of deforestation and to offer suggestions for its control with a view to contributing to climate change mitigation. To compute the cost of deforestation, the values of four ecosystems’ services were estimated, employing opportunity and replacement cost techniques. The costs of wildfires resulting from loss of food and tree crops of communities were also estimated and deforestation-related behavior modeled using questionnaire surveys. Total Economic Values Framework, von Thunen and Chayanov models formed the theoretical basis of this work. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multinomial and ordinal logistic regression techniques. The results show that US$133,650,000 of gross revenue from the four ecosystems’ services is lost annually due to deforestation (Article I). In the study area, the annual loss in food and tree crops per farmer due to wildfires was US$232 (Article II). Furthermore, farmers who acquired land on either lease holding or sharecropping basis were more likely to engage in short-rotation farming system, which leads to deforestation, compared to those who acquired land as gift or inheritance or on customary basis (Article III). In the studied protected area (Article IV), subsistence agriculture and large in-migration of people were the most important driving forces behind deforestation. It can be concluded that better employing the indigenous knowledge of how to mitigate and adapt to wildfires would provide a sound basis for an improved wildfire management strategy. To obtain a more equitable distribution of forest benefits, the local policies need to be reformed with particular attention to the sharecrop and leasehold farmland holding systems. Forest revenue sharing systems, including potential payments from Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), must include farmland holders under these holding systems. To enhance Ankasa Conservation Area’s contribution to climate change mitigation, priority must be given to livelihood improvement and ecosystem services provision in its management.