Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurements of positive ions and air-Earth current density at Maitri, Antarctica

[1] Simultaneous measurements of the small, intermediate and large positive ions and air-Earth current density made at a coastal station, Maitri (70°45′52″S, 11°44′03″E, 130 m above sea level), at Antarctica during January–February 2005, are reported. Although small and large positive ion concentrations do not show any systematic diurnal variations, variations in them are almost similar to each other. On the other hand, variations in intermediate positive ion concentrations are independent of variations in the small/large positive ions and exhibit a diurnal variation which is similar to that in atmospheric temperature on fair weather days with a maximum during the day and minimum during the night hours. No such diurnal variation in intermediate positive ion concentration is observed on cloudy days when variations in them are also similar to those in small/large positive ion concentrations. Magnitude of diurnal variation in intermediate positive ion concentration on fair weather days increases with the lowering of atmospheric temperature in this season. Scavenging of ions by snowfall and trapping of α-rays from the ground radioactivity by a thin layer of snow on ground is demonstrated from observations. Variations in intermediate positive ion concentration are explained on the basis of the formation of new particles by the photolytic nucleation process.
COMPETITION POLICY AND CONSUMER PROTECTION POLICY : IS DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION A CONTROVERSIAL

The paper aims at investigating the potential tension between competition policy and consumer protection policy with regard to information disclosure. The issue of disclosure of information is discussed in a law and economics perspective, both in the context of consumer protection law and in the context of competition law. Potential inconsistencies seem to disappear as we analyze more in detail the type of information which is relevant in the two contexts and what consumer protection law and competition law respectively mean by transparency of the market.
Mitigating beach erosion in storm conditions with a submerged breakwater: an experimental study

Sea-level rise and changes in storm frequency and intensity will undoubtedly modify beach morphology. To reduce shoreline retreat, many structural solutions have been proposed by coastal engineers. Among them, Submerged BreakWaters (SBW) are becoming a preferred solution owing to their aesthetical and environmental advantages. Here, a reduced scale physical model is used to study the reduction of storm-induced erosion for different shapes and locations of SBW's. The originality of the set-up is: (1) the 1/10 scale model beach and SBW under irregular waves; and (2) respecting sediment transport similarity. Starting with an equilibrium beach profile, a synthetic storm is tested with and without the SBW. Preliminary results show a promising reduction of erosion rates and shoreline retreat for the selected SBW geometry and
Testing Sunyaev-Zel'dovich measurements of the hot gas content of dark matter haloes using synthetic skies

The thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect offers a means of probing the hot gas in and around massive galaxies and galaxy groups and clusters, which is thought to constitute a large fraction of the baryon content of the Universe. The Planck collaboration recently performed a stacking analysis of a large sample of `locally brightest galaxies' (LBGs) and, surprisingly, inferred an approximately self-similar relation between the tSZ flux and halo mass. At face value, this implies that the hot gas mass fraction is independent of halo mass, a result which is in apparent conflict with resolved X-ray observations. We test the robustness of the inferred trend using synthetic tSZ maps generated from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations and using the same tools and assumptions applied in the Planck study. We show that, while the detection and the estimate of the `total' flux (within $5 r_{500}$) is reasonably robust, the inferred flux originating from within $r_{500}$ (i.e. the limiting radius to which X-ray observations typically probe) is highly sensitive to the assumed pressure distribution of the gas. Using our most realistic simulations with AGN feedback, that reproduce a wide variety of X-ray and optical properties of groups and clusters, we estimate that the derived tSZ flux within $r_{500}$ is biased high by up to to an order of magnitude for haloes with masses $M_{500} \sim 10^{13}$ M$_{\odot}$. Moreover, we show that the AGN simulations are consistent with the total tSZ flux-mass relation observed with Planck, whereas a self-similar model is ruled out.
Evaluation of antidepressant like activity in Amaranthus caudatus

Depression is a chronic illness that affects mental stability, personal and social relations. Herbal drugs possess least side effects compared to synthetic medicines. Amaranthus caudatus belongs to family Amaranthaceae. Antidepressant activity of methanolic extract of whole plant of Amaranthus caudatus (MEAC) was investigated by using forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) models. Animals are divided into five groups, group 1 receives normal saline, group 2 and 3 receives escitalopram (4 mg/kg) and imipramine (4 mg/kg) and group 4 and 5 receives MEAC (100 and 200 mg/kg) dose respectively. Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phenolic compounds, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and amino acids in methanol extract of A. caudatus. It has been observed from our study that both the Amaranthus caudatus extract at higher concentration showed significant (p<0.01) reduction in immobility in tail suspension and forced swim model which comparable to escitalopram and imipramine. It is concluded that A. caudatus possess antidepressant activity may be due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids. However further study is needed to understand mechanism of action and to identify active component responsible for antidepressant like activity. Keyword: Amaranthus caudatus, Antidepressant activity, Tail suspension test, Forced swimming test.
Are Over-massive Haloes of Ultra Diffuse Galaxies Consistent with Extended MOND?

A sample of Coma cluster ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) are modelled in the context of Extended Modified Newtonian Dynamics (EMOND) with the aim to explain the large dark matter-like effect observed in these cluster galaxies. We first build a model of the Coma cluster in the context of EMOND using gas and galaxy mass profiles from the literature. Then assuming the dynamical mass of the UDGs satisfies the fundamental manifold of other ellipticals, and that the UDG stellar mass-to-light matches their colour, we can verify the EMOND formulation by comparing two predictions of the baryonic mass of UDGs. We find that EMOND can explain the UDG mass, within the expected modelling errors, if they lie on the fundamental manifold of ellipsoids, however, given that measurements show one UDG lying off the fundamental manifold, observations of more UDGs are needed to confirm this assumption.
Induction of Apoptosis in Human Oral Epidermoid Carcinoma Cell by The Essential Oil of Artemisia Scoparia WALDST. et KITAMURA

〉 Induction of Apoptosis in Human Oral Epidermoid Carcinoma Cell by The Essential Oil of Artemisia Scoparia WALDST. et KITAMURA Jeong-Dan Cha, ShengJin, Li, Myeong-Seop Lee, In-Ho Cha Department of Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Artemisia scoparia (A. scoparia), perennial herb is indigenous to Korea and has been traditionally used in liver damage. We investigated the effect of the essential oil obtained from A. scoparia on apoptosis of KB cells. Cytotoxicity and cellular DNA content were analyzed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, agarose gel electrophoresis, and Hoechst 33258 staining. The caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins were estimated by Western blotting method. We found that the essential oil induced the apoptosis of the KB cells by concentrations of 0.4 to 0.2 mg/ml which was verified by DNA fragmentation, apoptotic bodies, and the sub-G0/G1 ratio. The essential oil also transient caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity and cleavage of PARP in KB cells for 24 h. The essential oil-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the essential oil of A. scoparia induces apoptosis in KB cells.
Heavy Metals Analysis and Sediment Quality Values in Urban Lakes

Problem statement: The objective of this research was to evaluate the degree of heavy metal contamination in lakes and the extent to whic h the sediment quality of the lakes of Bangalore city has deteriorated. Approach: In this study, heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cu, Cr , Mn, Pb, Ni and Zn in lake bed sediments were analyzed using comparative sediment quality guidelines from various derived criteria. The selection of sampling points was based upon inflow and outflow regions of the lakes; geographical proximity of industrial units i n relation to their effluent discharges; proximity of residential sites located on the banks of the wetla nd systems; drainage patterns and accessibility towards the lakes. Digestion and analysis of the sa mples were done by microwave-assisted digestion and atomic absorption spectrophotometry respectivel y. Results: The extent of sediment quality deterioration was more pronounced in Cu (203.50 ppm) and Ni (97.64 ppm) followed by Pb (206.0 ppm) and Cd (8.38 ppm). Cr (96.70 ppm) failed a single sediment quality guideline while Zn (220.0 ppm), Mn (176.0 ppm) and Co (47.7 ppm) remained within the safety levels of sediment quality guidelines prescribed for the study. The Sediment G eo-accumulation Index showed that Co, Cu and Pb showed moderate levels of pollution while the Pollu tion Load Index (PLI) between heavy metals in the lakes produced the following outputs: Ni > Pb > Cd > Cu > Cr > Co > Zn > Mn. Conclusion: This study proves that the level of sustained metal cont amination of the fragile urban wetlands has not receded even after the recent urban wetlands rejuve nation works were completed. This prolonged presence in excessive levels of the studied heavy m etals in the bed sediments casts doubt on the choic e and effectiveness of the any mitigation measures in the long run.
Commentary 2 on "Inflation and Growth"

Instrumental variables estimation on a single equation is used to estimate the causal effects of inflation on growth of output in this article by Robert J. Barro. He is certainly aware of the theoretical foundations of the equation he is estimating, and knows that justifying instrumental variables estimation requires at least informal discussion of the mechanisms that complete the system determining the endogenous variables. He does not discuss the theory underlying the equation much, however, and he gives only partial and informal indications of how he might complete the system. In this comment, I fill in these aspects of the analysis. The conclusion is that the coefficient on inflation that Barro estimates cannot reliably be interpreted as he seems to interpret it. Barro also does not pay much attention to the fit of his model. That is, he does not ask how well it accords with the data compared with other models whose predictions of the effect of inflation on growth might be different. Though a comment does not provide enough space to do much along these lines, I make some remarks on this point, suggesting that theories that give no causal role to anti-inflation policy per se in promoting growth are apparently consistent with what we see in the data.
Design Analysis of a Dual Rotor Permanent Magnet Machine driven Electric Vehicle

Electric bike in urban countries such as Europe and China commonly used the brushless direct current machine (BLDC) as it able to produce high torque to transport the user from one place to another. However, BLDC torque density can’t be improving due to limitation magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet. Therefore, the performance of electric bike can’t be improved. Outer rotor BLDC machine design able to improve the torque density of the motor due to increase radius of the motor which can be explained by simple physics equation (Torque = Force x radius). However, an outer rotor machine only generates constant speed, which is not suitable for operating under tractive load condition, especially electric bike. The proposed model is a new novel of double layer outer rotor BLDCPM machine which able to amplify the magnetic flux density and improve the torque density of the machine. The mutual magnetic coupling between the inner and outer rotor of the proposed model increase the magnetic flux intensity as both of them acts as individual parts. Thus, the magnetic flux generated by both rotors are double which resulted in improving the performance of the E-bike. Designing parameters and analysing the performance of the proposed 2D model is done using FEA tools. Evaluation of the conventional and proposed model by comparing torque performance, magnetic flux density and motor constant square density. Other than that, speed torque graph also is evaluated to justify either it can operate similarly to ICE engine with gears. Two model is designed which is Single Outer Rotor Brushless Direct Current (SORBLDC) and Double Outer Rotor Brushless Direct Current (DORBLDC) operated with the same cases of 27 Amp current supplied to it and operate under various speed from 500 rpm to 2000 rpm. The average torque produce by the conventional and proposed model are 2.045439 Nm and 3.102648 Nm. Furthermore, improvement of the proposed model to conventional model in terms of motor constant square density by 24.92%. Therefore, the proposed model able to improve the magnetic flux by amplifying which resulted to increase the torque density of the machine. Furthermore, the speed-torque graph of the proposed machine shows similarity with speed torque graph of ICE engine. Thus, the proposed machine is suitable to operate for bike application
Reading the Visual Design of Job Advertisements in Taiwanese Newspapers

This content analysis of print advertisements for jobs focuses on changes in choices of visual semiotic resources over time. Recruitment advertisements as a genre of persuasion discourse require careful design, not only in terms of writing but also in the selection of visual images, which can help attract candidates’ attention and therefore enhance the effectiveness of the messages conveyed. It has also been argued that changes in visual-communication styles of recruitment advertisements could, to some extent, reflect how such advertisements were perceived as functioning from the employers’ perspectives. In this paper, content analysis of job advertisements as printed in weekend newspapers in three different years (1993, 2003, and 2013) revealed that: (1) the presence of visual content in job advertisements fluctuated over the past two decades; and (2) to make recruitment advertisements more eye-catching, visual images were more likely to be placed in areas identified as salient in theoretical terms. The results shed new light on the roles played by the visual semiotic resources of job advertisements for the purpose of attracting human resources effectively.
Species distribution and resistance phenotypes of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolated from pigs in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are important nosocomial pathogens. The extensive use of avoparcin as a growth promoter in poultry and pigs is the hypothesized factor for the emergence of vancomycin resistance in enterococci in animals. As pork is one of the major protein sources for 30% of Malaysians, the present study was conducted to elucidate the role of pigs in the epidemiology of VRE. In this study, 220 rectal swabs were collected from pigs at 12 pig farms in Pulau Pinang. The study found 10 of 12 farms (83.3%) and 92 (41.8%) of the sampled pigs were positive for VRE. Of the 92 isolates examined by PCR, E. faecium (14%), E. casseliflavus (21.7%), E. gallinarum (1.1%) and other Enterococcus species (63.0%) were identified. VanA was detected in E. faecium and E. gallinarum. Questionnaire survey indicated that none of the sampled farms had used glycopeptides, either for growth promotion or for therapy. Tylosin, which has also been associated with vancomycin cross-resistance, was used in 41.8% of the sampled farms; however, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the proportion of VRE detected in the farms which used tylosin to those farms which did not. E-test on selected 49 isolates showed 16.0% of the isolates had MIC≤8 and 22.0% had MIC≥32. Single isolates of E. faecium and E. gallinarum, both possessed the resistance gene vanA, showed very high resistance (MIC>256). About 10.0% of the isolates, in which van genes was not detected, had MIC>32. In conclusion E. faecium and E. faecalis were found to be present at a low rate in the pigs sampled in this study. However, detection of vanA with high level of vancomycin resistance (MIC>256) highlights the potential public health threat associated with the pigs.
Classification and Recognition of Printed Hindi Characters Using Artificial Neural Networks

Character Recognition is one of the important tasks in Pattern Recognition. The complexity of the character recognition problem depends on the character set to be recognized. Neural Network is one of the most widely used and popular techniques for character recognition problem. This paper discusses the classification and recognition of printed Hindi Vowels and Consonants using Artificial Neural Networks. The vowels and consonants in Hindi characters can be divided in to sub groups based on certain significant characteristics. For each group, a separate network is designed and trained to recognize the characters which belong to that group. When a test character is given, appropriate neural network is invoked to recognize the character in that group, based on the features in that character. The accuracy of the network is analyzed by giving various test patterns to the system.
Mining Text Data using different Text Clustering Techniques

-Text mining is referred as text data mining or knowledge discovery from textual databases. The organization of text is a natural practice of humans and a crucial task for today’s vast databases. Clustering does this by assessing the similarity between texts and organizing them accordingly, grouping like ones together and separating those with different topics. Clusters provide a comprehensive logical structure that provides exploration, search and interpretation of current texts documents, as well as organization of future ones. Side information is available along with the text documents and may be of different kinds, which are embedded into the text document. However this side-information may be difficult to estimate. In such cases, it can be risky to include side-information into the mining process, because it can either increase the quality of the representation for the mining process. Therefore, so as to maximize the advantages from using this side information, to minimize the time complexity of clustering process and to remove impurity of clusters partition based text clustering techniques are used like k-means &k-Windows algorithm. Experimental results show that, K-Windows clustering technique is giving better results as compared to K-means clustering technique and also shows that side information is effectively used for mining the data .
Financing Social Policy in the Presence of Informality

We present a framework for the analysis of tax and benefit policy in countries with significant informality. Our framework allows us to jointly analyse the effects of various taxes and benefits on incentives for firms and workers to be informal and evade taxation. We find that payroll taxes and targeted minimum income guarantees targeted to households without formal employment are particularly harmful to labour formality and participation in the modern sector labour force. Conversely, Bismarkian benefits targeted to formal sector workers and basic benefits targeted to low income households represent the least distortionary way to redistribute. Attempts to use holes in the VAT to “protect” the poor are generally ineffective and open the avenues for rent seeking. We also find that a uniform value added tax and a corporate income tax represent the least distortionary way to raise revenues. The information generated from a simple VAT can be used, given the appropriately designed tax administration, to enhance the probability of detection of informal activities. Distributional issues are best handled by social policy measures and the personal income tax. Indeed, given the gainers and losers from tax reforms, social policies and intergovernmental transfers will be needed to ensure the political acceptance of the reforms. The precise mix of taxation and social policy will vary given different country characteristics and institutional
Perfusion and Oxygenation Changes after Isolated Limb Perfusion with TNF - α in Lower Limb Sarcoma: A Case Report

Katerina Nikiforaki1,2* Georgios C. Manikis1,2 Maria Venianaki1,3 Eleftherios Kontopodis1,2 Eleni Lagoudaki4 Thomas G. Maris2 Kostas Marias1,5 Eelco de Bree6 Apostolos Karantanas1,2 1Computational BioMedicine Laboratory (CBML), Foundation for Research & Technology, Greece 2Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece 3Image Analysis Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy 4Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Crete, Greece 5Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Department of Informatics Engineering, Greece 6Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
Research on the Dimensional Accuracy Measurement Method of Cylindrical Spun Parts Based on Machine Vision

A new method for measuring the dimensional accuracy of the cylindrical spun parts based on machine vision was proposed to overcome the artificial deviation and low efficiency of manual measurement. The image acquisition system of machine vision was built up. The methods of image processing and edge extraction of cylindrical spun parts were studied. The straightness and ovality of the cylindrical spun parts were obtained by the proposed new method. The results showed that the edge contour of the cylindrical spun parts extracted by Canny edge detector is better than Sobel and Prewitt edge detector. The dimensional accuracy of the cylindrical spun parts can be obtained accurately by the proposed measurement method based on machine vision. The relative errors of the straightness and ovality between the machine vision and the manual measurement are less than 10%.