Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Periplaneta americana midgut proteases differentially expressed against dietary components from different plant seeds

Insect midgut proteases are known to be regulated by plant protease inhibitors. In the present study, the antinutritional effects of a variety of seed extracts against Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) midgut proteases are assessed in vitro and in vivo. Bioassays are conducted by allowing P. americana to feed on diets incorporated with the tested seed extracts. Low survival rates are recorded on a diet incorporated with seed powders of Ricinus communis (10%), Glycine max (30%), Datura alba (50%) and Mucuna pruriens (50%). Proteolytic and residual proteolytic activities are highly inhibited by the four seed extracts. Electrophoretic analysis shows that the majority of P. americana midgut protease isoforms are inhibited by the four seed extracts in vivo as well as in vitro. The midgut physiology of P. americana is affected by the seed extracts of D. alba, M. pruriens and Sapindus laurifolius, by over synthesising or changing mobilities of existing protease isoforms. Furthermore, some key proteases in P. americana midgut are involved in the regulation of other protease isoforms. These results suggest that seed extracts from the above plants are potential sources of plant protease inhibitors for managing economically important crop pests.
Aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity: patterns and surrogates in mountainous Spanish national parks

In Spain, national parks represent the mainstay of conservation polices and attempt to protect the most representative natural ecosystems. However, studies on the ecology and conservation of aquatic biodiversity within protected areas are still scarce. This study aimed at compiling an inventory of the macroinvertebrate families inhabiting the aquatic ecosystems of each mountainous Spanish national park (Sierra Nevada, Cabaneros, Ordesa, Picos de Europa, Aiguestortes and Monfrague). The results were used to answer two questions: (i) Which environmental variables are related to macroinvertebrate composition and richness in these protected ecosystems? (ii) Which taxon or group of taxa could act as biodiversity surrogates? Sampling was carried out in 81 aquatic ecosystems across the six national parks during the summers of 2008–2010. The national parks with the highest richness were Picos de Europa and Cabaneros. Overall, the six parks incorporated 66.2% of the taxa included in the Iberian checklist. Multivariate techniques showed that maximum altitude and the presence of lotic habitats were the most important variables related to different community compositions. The best richness model included the presence of a lotic habitat, together with the percentage of the catchment area with non-irrigated agriculture and siliceous geology. Selecting several diverse lotic and lentic water bodies at different altitudes provides the best way of representing Iberian macroinvertebrate diversity. Coleoptera family richness may be used as a macroinvertebrate biodiversity surrogate in Iberian mountainous protected areas because it displayed the highest correlation with the other taxonomic groups and remaining richness values. Such an indicator could be complemented with the use of Odonata family richness for standing waters. The adequacy of Coleopera and Odonata as biodiversity surrogates should be tested at a wider geographic scale, and other surrogacy concepts (e.g. community composition) considered for assessing the role of this network in the protection of rare and endemic species. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of Robotic Process Automation for Sentiment Analysis of Lecturer Evaluation By Students (EDOM) At Higher Education Information System

The same and repetitive business processes of today's era are extremely inefficient. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a software technology that helps humans complete the same and repetitive work so that it can cut time. According to a study released by Infosys, the implementation of RPA can result in a 50% reduction in Full Time Equivalent (FTE), and a 58% reduction in manual work. At the end of the academic cycle period of Telkom University, lecturers or heads of study programs can see the results of lecturer evaluation by students (EDOM) to evaluate performance for 1 semester. However, to see and evaluate takes a long time. UiPath is one of the solutions to carry out the work automation process with the aim of making it easier for lecturers or heads of study programs to see or evaluate the performance of lecturers. The method used is to use scraping data and then student sentiment is analyzed using the Naïve Bayes algorithm at Google Collaboratory. The results of this study are data scraping documents and documents resulting from sentiment analysis using the Naïve Bayes algorithm.
Variation in Eucalyptus nitens Maiden in Response to Temperature and Seed Source

E. nitens is a minor species of south-eastern Australia, having the growth potential for afforestation purposes. Variation was studied in seedlings raised under a wide range of temperature regimes with seed from six representative provenances. The results suggest that the species can be readily divided into three broad groupings, the two northern outlier occurrences of Ebor and Barrington, those in southern New South Wales, and the most southerly occurrences in Victoria. Leaf shape was found to be the best discriminatory character as it was independent of temperature. The provenances could also be distinguished on the basis of leaf area, but only when plants were raised under uniform temperature conditions.
Incubation Period of Chickens Selected Bidirectionally for Juvenile Body Weight

Abstract BIDIRECTIONAL mass selection for body weight at eight weeks of age (Siegel, 1962) has resulted in concomitant changes in embryonic stage at oviposition (Coleman and Siegel, 1966) and development during incubation (Coleman et al., 1963). The diameter of the blastoderm of unincubated eggs and the number of somites after 38 hours of incubation are influenced by inbreeding and outbreeding (Bernier et al., 1951). Smyth and Howes (1949) demonstrated that the length of the incubation period could be changed through artificial selection, and Crittenden and Bohren (1961) reported that hatching time was highly heritable. Further, Henderson (1950) observed differences among breeds for the length of the incubation period. Henderson and Champion (1948) noted that juvenile weights of chicks that hatched early were somewhat heavier than their later hatching contemporaries. Since our weight lines are known to differ in embryological stage at oviposition, it is of interest to determine if the length .
DISTRIBUTIONS OF SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS ATTACKS, EMERGENCE, AND PARASITES IN GRAND FIR

Abstract The distributions of Scolytus ventralis LeConte attacks, emergence, and parasites were studied by stratified sampling of 20 grand fir. Of the theoretical distributions tested the negative binomial gave the best fit to all three sets of data. Three sample unit sizes were analyzed (1/4, 1/2, and 1 sq. ft) and all gave similar estimates of the mean, although the smallest sample unit influenced the distribution by increasing the frequency of the zero class. Approximate normality was achieved by applying logarithmic transformation to the attack data and the Taylor power transformation to the emergence and parasite data. Analysis of variance showed that the vertical position of the sample in the tree was die most consistent factor influencing the distribution of attacks, emergence, and parasitism, while cardinal aspect had little effect. Considerable variation also occurred among trees within a group. The density of attacks was extremely variable both within and between trees, although it was slightly higher on rough bark. Emergence was generally greater in the basal half of the tree, being reduced in the upper levels by competition with other insects. Emergence increased with attack density up to about 13 attacks per square foot. Thereafter survival was probably limited by intraspecific competition. Parasitism appeared to be reduced near the base of the tree by thick bark and at the top by lack of host larvae. Sampling designs for the fir engraver will have to consider variations between trees and vertical strata within the tree.
Desenvolvimento inicial e distribuição temporal de larvas e juvenis de Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann, 1908 (Osteichthyes, Characidae) na planície alagável do alto rio Paraná, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v25i2.2021

Initial development and temporal distribution of larvae and juveniles of Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann, 1908 (Osteichthyes, Characidae) in the floodplain of Upper Parana River. The aim of this paper was to analyze initial development and temporal distribution of larvae and juveniles of Bryconamericus stramineus and their relationship with some environmental variables of Ressaco do Leopoldo in the Upper Parana River floodplain. The samples were taken from February 1991 to February 1992. The larvae and the juveniles were identified and described according to the with its morphologic and meristic characteristics. The larvae presented scarce pigmentation, subterminal mouth, medium anal opening and myomeres varying 35-40 (16-21 pre and 17- 22 postanal). The greater densities of larvae and juveniles were verified in December 1991 and November 1991, respectively, mainly during the night. The larvae density was only correlated with precipitation.
Looking beyond superficial knowledge gaps: Understanding public representations of biodiversity

Lack of public support for, and protest against, biodiversity management measures have often been explained by the apparently inadequate knowledge of biodiversity in the general public. In stark contrast to this assumption of public ignorance, our results from focus group discussions in The Netherlands, Germany and Scotland show that members of the general public use very rich and complex social representations of biodiversity to argue for particular approaches to biodiversity management. Within these representations, we identified important components, such as (i) the functions and benefits associated with biodiversity, (ii) attributes and values connected to nature, and (iii) views on the relationships between humans and nature. Notions within these components varied across individuals and groups and were closely linked to their views on biodiversity management in general and specific management measures in particular. This study illustrates how a better understanding of these representations and their links to public attitudes is crucial to ensure effective communication on biodiversity and to improve public support for biodiversity management.
Live or Die with ErbB4

Alternative splice variants of the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4 trigger proliferation or death. ErbB1-4 are receptor tyrosine kinases that regulate cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation and have been implicated in cancer. ErbB4 undergoes alternative splicing to generate two juxtamembrane variants (JM-a and JM-b) and two cytoplasmic variants (CYT-1 and CYT-2). JM-a isoforms undergo regulated proteolysis to release the ectodomain and the intracellular domain, which translocates to the nucleus and interacts with transcription factors to regulate gene expression. Sundvall et al. transfected NR6 cells that expressed only ErbB2 with either the ErbB4 JM-a CYT-2 or JM-b CYT-2 isoforms and found that only the JM-a CYT-2–expressing cells exhibited constitutive phosphorylation of the receptor in the absence of ligand and produced the cleaved intracellular fragment. Phosphorylation of both receptors was stimulated by the ligand NRG-1. The JM-a CYT-2–expressing cells exhibited increased proliferation, anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, and resistance to starvation-induced cell death compared with either control cells or cells expressing JM-b CYT-2. Indeed, the JM-b CYT-2–expressing cells underwent apoptosis in response to starvation. Treatment of either of the isoform-expressing cells with an inhibitor of the kinase activity of ErbB either prevented the proliferative response (JM-a CYT-2–expressing cells) or partially rescued them from serum deprivation–induced death (JM-b CYT-2–expressing cells), indicating that kinase activity was important for both responses. Transcriptional microarray analysis revealed that expression of the gene encoding the platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) was increased in the JM-a CYT-2–expressing cells and decreased in the JM-b CYT-2–expressing cells, and Western blotting confirmed this difference at the protein level. Inhibition of the kinase activity of PDGFRA reduced the proliferation of JM-a CYT-2–expressing cells, and application of the PDGFR ligand PDGF-BB rescued the JM-b CYT-2–expressing cells from starvation-induced death. RNA interference experiments targeting ERBB4 in SK-N-MC cells that natively express ErbB4 JM-a isoforms reduced the expression of PDFGRA, and in a reporter assay for the PDGFRA promoter, knockdown of either ErbB4 or AP-2 reduced reporter activity in response to NRG-1. Confocal microscopy indicated that AP-2 and a portion of ErbB4 intracellular domain colocalized in the nucleus, and the interaction was confirmed by pull-down experiments. These experiments suggest that isoform-specific differences in cellular response must be considered when targeting the kinase activity of ErbB4 therapeutically. M. Sundvall, V. Veikkolainen, K. Kurppa, Z. Salah, D. Tvorogov, E. Joop van Zoelen, R. Aqeilan, K. Elenius, Cell death or survival promoted by alternative isoforms of ErbB4. Mol. Biol. Cell 21, 4275–4286 (2010). [Abstract] [Full Text]
Le squelette épicastelnovien de la Baume de Montclus (Gard)

RESUME. Le squelette epicastelnovien trouve a la Baume de Montclus est celui d'une femme morte alors qu'elle avait environ 20 ans. Il ne differe des squelettes mesolithiques francais de Teviec et d'Hoedic que par une plus grande hauteur du crâne, des orbites plus vastes (mais relativement basses), des malaires moins developpes et un relief plus faible. Une variation regionale peut expliquer ces divergences a moins que l'on ne soit en presence d'une phase evolutive conduisant vers les Hommes actuels, en l'occurence vers la race mediterraneenne, ce fossile etant un peu moins ancien que les Mesolithiques bretons. Les deux hypotheses peuvent d'ailleurs etre conjointement valables et c'est la conclusion que, pour ma part, je propose.
Whole-plant responses to salinity

This paper discusses whole-plant responses to salinity in order to answer the question of what process limits growth of non-halophytes in saline soils. Leaf growth is more sensitive to salinity than root growth, so we focus on the process or processes that might limit leaf expansion. Effects of short-term exposure (days) are considered separately from long-term exposure (weeks to years). The answer in the short term is probably the water status of the root and we suggest that a message from the root is regulating leaf expansion. The answer to what limits growth in the long term may be the maximum salt concentration tolerated by the fully expanded leaves of the shoot; if the rate of leaf death approaches the rate of new leaf expansion, the photosynthetic area will eventually become too low to support continued growth.
ANALYSIS OF PLATE COUNT DATA OF BACTERIA IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS

By introducing retardation time tr, an improved equation for the colony count-incubation time relation was presented; In (No-N)=1n No-A(t-tr) where No and N are the number of cells capable of forming colony and colonies observed at time t, respectively, and A is a parameter expressing the probability of the proliferation of cells in unit time. Various data of plate count fitted better to the equation than to the original one. Corresponding to a set of plate count data well fitted to the equation, a statistical concept of bacterial population was proposed and A was assumed to define the physiological state of the population. Some samples showed negative values of retardation time, which was interpreted by the coexistence of subpopulations having different values of parameters (N0, A, tr), especially A.
POST‐LANDING BEHAVIOR OF ALATE MYZUS PERSICAE AS ALTERED BY (E)‐β‐FARNESENE AND THREE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

The potential of 4 chemicals for disrupting the host‐selection behavior of the aphid, Myzus persicae, was investigated using a flight chamber with both vertical and horizontal wind flow. (E)‐β‐farnesene (the aphid alarm pheromone) reduced probe durations, increased wandering, but did not reduce eventual settling. Undecanoic and dodecanoic acids (but not heptadecanoic acid) reduced all host‐selection behaviors. Even after multiple landings, aphids never settled on surfaces treated with un‐and dodecanoic acids. These laboratory data do not support the prospect that these chemicals would reduce non‐persistent virus spread since aphids virtually always probed immediately after landing on any treatment. Other potential uses of these chemicals for aphid control are discussed.
Habitat use by palaearctic migrant passerine birds in West Africa

Data on passerine migrants in West Africa published since the works of Moreau j 1972) and Curry-Lindhal (1981) are reviewed and new information on wintering ranges are summarized. An important feature of West Africa as a wintering zone is the presence of the two great river basins of the Senegal and the Niger, which are responsible for the Sahel being far richer than would be expected at this latitude. This ‘paradoxical’ or ‘green’ Sahel is under the threat of agricultural developments and of increasing desertification. Conversely, Palaearctic migrants can take advantage of the new-savanna/forest mosaics and agricultural developments which have replaced the rain forest.
Population biology of the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) in the Crozet and Kerguelen archipelagos, southern Indian Ocean, approached through genetic and demographic methods

In many seabird species, the genetic structure of the populations remains poorly known despite potential consequences for conservation. The globally threatened wandering albatross Diomedea exulans displays specific traits, including limited population size, strong philopatry, adults almost always returning to breed on the island where they made their first breeding attempt, delayed maturity, high longevity and low fecundity. Using both genetic and demographic methods, we evaluated how these traits might affect the structure within (inbreeding, low variability) and among (restricted gene flow) discrete wandering albatross colonies. Our study was conducted on Possession Island, Crozet archipelago, and in the Kerguelen archipelago. The genetic approach was based on three colonies and 10 microsatellite loci. The demographic approach used data from a 36-year capture–mark–recapture survey of the entire population from Possession Island. Inbreeding occurred as often as expected under random pairing. Genetic variability in each colony did not exceed 6.3 alleles per locus. However, no genetic bottleneck was detected. No significant genetic differentiation occurred between the two main colonies from Possession Island (Fst<0.01), consistent with our demographic estimates of dispersal. Conversely, the genetic differentiation between Possession Island and Kerguelen was significant. Although males are more philopatric than females, genetic differentiation among colonies was not higher in males and no significant genetic differentiation between sexes was observed. Finally, we propose that the population from Crozet and that from Kerguelen are considered as distinct management units.
Loss of body fat in piglets in spite of gain in live weight

Zusammenfassung Der Verlust von Korperfett bei gleichzeitigem Wachstum bei Ferkeln An 28 Ferkeln (Danische Landrasse) im Gewichtsabschnitt von 15–20 kg wurde die Verdaulichkeit der Nahrstoffe ermittelt sowie eine Protein- und Fett-Bilanz erstellt. Dazu wurde ein Bilanzversuch mit 7-tagiger Vorfutterung und 7-tagiger Sammelperiode durchgefuhrt. In der Mitte der Sammelperiode erfolgte auserdem ein 24-stundiger Respirationsversuch zur Kalkulation der Hitzeproduktion bzw. der Oxidation der Nahrstoffe. Es wurden drei Rationen mit unterschiedlichen Energie- und Proteingehalten eingesetzt. Bei allen Versuchen konnten eine Zunahme des Korpergewichtes und ein positiver Ansatz von Protein sowie ein Verlust an Korperfett festgestellt werden. Bei einer Aufnahme von 1,0 MJ/kg0,75 wurde Fett mobilisiert, um den Energiebedarf fur das Wachstum zu decken. In allen Versuchen wurde ein kleinerer Teil (6–19%) des CHO-Pools nicht oxidiert sondern fur die Lipogenese genutzt. Die Oxidation von Fett lag niedriger als der Fett-Pool, der Rest wurde zur Bildung von Strukturlipiden benutzt.
Inhibition of browning of sulfur amino acids. 2. Fruit juices and protein-containing foods

Enzymatic and nonenzymatic browning reactions may adversely affect the quality, nutritional value, and safety of foods. A need therefore exists to develop methods to control such reactions in a variety of foods. Reflectance measurements were used to compare the relative effectiveness of a series of compounds in inhibiting browning in freshly prepared and commercial fruit juices including apple, grape, grapefruit, orange, and pineapple juices. The potential inhibitors tested include ascorbic acid, a commercial formulation called Sporix, sodium sulfite, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, L-cysteine, and reduced glutathione. For comparison, related studies were also carried out with several protein-containing foods such as casein, barley flour, soy flour, nonfat dry milk, and the commercial infant formula Isomil. The results revealed that under certain conditions SH-containing N-acetyl-L-cysteine and the tripeptide reduced glutathione may be as effective as sodium sulfite in preventing both enzymatic and nonenzymatic browning. The unique electronic and nucleophilic properties of sulfhydryl compounds that enable them to act as inhibitors of both enzymatic and nonenzymatic browning are discussed. These sulfur amino acids merit further study to assess their potential for preventing long-term food browning under practical storage and processing conditions.
Global occurrence of mycotoxins in the food and feed chain: facts and figures

Mycotoxins are ubiquitously present in agricultural commodities, such as cereals and oil seeds. If ingested in sufficiently high concentrations, they exert severe toxic effects in humans and animals. In 2004, a survey programme was launched to assess the extent of mycotoxin contamination in feed and feed raw materials. Since then, over 19,000 samples have been analysed and more than 70,000 individual analyses have been conducted. While it is difficult to infer any long-term trends on a global level, the data confirm that high mycotoxin contamination is often linked to unusual weather. Overall, 72% of the samples contained detectable amounts of aflatoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone or ochratoxin A. Co-contamination with two or more mycotoxins was detected in 38% of the samples. In most cases the concentrations were low enough to ensure compliance with EU guidance values or maximum levels. However, co-contaminated samples with concentrations below guidance and maximum values might still exert .