Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Influenza vaccination in healthcare workers. Why are some vaccinated whereas others are not].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Influenza vaccination is indicated in health professionals. Nevertheless, vaccination coverage in healthcare workers tends to be low. This paper determines the reasons why some workers are vaccinated whereas others are not and investigates what type of intervention can modify the latter attitude. METHOD This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using a questionnaire survey. SETTING workers at Hospital General Universitario de Alicante (Alicante, Spain). Absolute frequencies and relative frequencies expressed in percentages were calculated for each of the variables studied. Results were analyzed considering the professional categories of the persons involved and the departments where they worked. RESULTS The reasons for influenza vaccination stated by hospital workers were to protect their health (65.6%), the belief that vaccination is beneficial (45.7%), and to avoid transmitting influenza to their patients (42.5%), and to their own families (39.8%). The main reasons for not undergoing vaccination were to avoid medication (17.9%), confidence in their own defenses (17%), or fear of the secondary effects of the vaccine (16.8%). CONCLUSION The main reason given by hospital personnel for undergoing vaccination was to protect their own health and that of their family and patients. The reasons most frequently given for not undergoing vaccination were based on possible side effects of the vaccine, the conviction of not being part of a high-risk group, and doubts about the effectiveness of the vaccine as a protective agent. Many of the reasons given for not undergoing vaccination were based on erroneous beliefs and should be taken into account when designing strategies to increase influenza vaccination coverage among health personnel.
A serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and prefrontal cortical binding in major depression and suicide.

BACKGROUND Major depression and suicide are associated with fewer serotonin transporter (5-HTT) sites. The 5'-flanking promoter region of the 5-HTT gene has a biallelic insertion/deletion (5-HTTLPR). We assayed prefrontal cortical (PFC) 5-HTT binding in major depression and suicide and examine the relationship to the 5-HTTLPR allele. METHODS Postmortem brain samples from 220 individuals were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. Binding of 5-HTT was assayed by quantitative autoradiography in the PFC of a subset of subjects (n = 159). Clinical information, including DSM-III-R Axis I diagnoses, was obtained by psychological autopsy and medical chart review. RESULTS Binding to 5-HTT was lower in the ventral PFC of suicides compared with nonsuicides and was lower throughout the PFC of subjects with a history of major depression. The 5-HTTLPR genotype was associated with major depression but not with suicide or 5-HTT binding. CONCLUSIONS A diffuse reduction of 5-HTT binding in the PFC of individuals with major depression may reflect a widespread impairment of serotonergic function consistent with the range of psychopathologic features in major depression. The localized reduction in 5-HTT binding in the ventral PFC of suicides may reflect reduced serotonin input to that brain region, underlying the predisposition to act on suicidal thoughts. The 5-HTTLPR genotype was not related to the level of 5-HTT binding and does not explain why 5-HTT binding is lower in major depression or suicide. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:729-738
Neonatal nociceptive somatic stimulation differentially modifies the activity of spinal neurons in rats and results in altered somatic and visceral sensation

The role of intramuscular, low pH saline injections during the neonatal period in the development and maintenance of visceral hyperalgesia has not been systematically studied. We aimed to investigate alterations in visceral sensation and neural circuitry that result from noxious stimuli in early life. Neonatal male Sprague–Dawley rats received sterile saline injections of pH 4.0 or 7.4 in the gastrocnemius muscle starting at postnatal day 8. Injections were given unilaterally every other day for 12 days ending on postnatal day 20. A third group received needle prick only on the same shedule as the second group, while a fourth group was left naïve. At 2 months of age, rats underwent assessment of cutaneous and deep somatic sensitivity using von Frey filaments and gastrocnemius muscle pinch, respectively. A visceromotor response (VMR) to graded colorectal distension (CRD; 10–80 mmHg for 30 s with 180 s interstimulus intervals) was recorded. Extracellular single‐unit recordings from the thoracolumbar spinal neurons (T13–L1) were performed in adult pH 4.0 injected and naïve controls. There was no difference in the threshold for response to mechanical stimulation of the paw in rats injected with pH 4.0 saline compared to all other groups. Conversely, rats treated with pH 4.0 saline showed a significant bilateral reduction in withdrawal threshold to muscle pinch as adults (P < 0.05). At colorectal distensions ≥ 20 mmHg, an increase in the VMR was observed in the pH 4.0 injected group compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). Spinal neurons were classified as short latency abrupt (SL‐A) or short latency sustained (SL‐S). Spontaneous firing of SL‐S (20.6 ± 2.2 impulses s−1), but not SL‐A neurons (5.3 ± 0.9 impulses s−1) in the pH 4.0 treated rats was significantly higher than in control rats (SL‐S, 2.6 ± 0.8 impulses s−1; SL‐A, 3.1 ± 0.7 impulses s−1). The response of SL‐S neurons to CRD in the pH 4.0 group was significantly higher at distension pressures ≥ 20 mmHg. Nociceptive somatic stimulation in neonatal rats results in chronic deep somatic and visceral hyperalgesia in adulthood. Colorectal distension‐sensitive SL‐S neurons are primarily sensitized to neonatal somatic stimulation.
Aging and the Development of Automaticity in Feature Search

A training experiment was conducted to investigate age differences in the learning that occurs when ob- servers search for an orientation-defined target among a homogeneous set of distractors (i.e., feature search). Eighteen young (M age = 26 years) and seventeen old (M age = 62 years) participants completed seven practice sessions (3,024 trials), followed by a single session of full reversal. Training involved consistent mapping, varied mapping, or nonsearch, in which a precue predicted the target location with 100% validity. Younger and older observers demonstrated equivalent learning rates and equivalent disrup- tion following reversal in all training conditions. Results are interpreted within models of visual attention and search.
Expression of Interleukin‐18 and its Receptor in Mouse Ovary

PROBLEM: Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) strongly induces interferon‐gamma production and is produced not only by types of immune cells but also by types of non‐immune cells. Ovulation is thought to be an inflammation‐like reaction in which many pro‐inflammatory cytokines are involved. We investigated whether IL‐18 is involved in the functions of ovary. METHOD OF STUDY: The 4‐week‐old immature female mice were examined for IL‐18 and IL‐18 receptor (IL‐18R) expression on their ovaries under stimulation with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting and reverse transcript‐polymerase chain reaction. The IL‐18R was blocked by the injection of anti‐IL‐18R monoclonal antibody to immature mice during PMSG‐hCG stimulation, and the number of ovulated ova was counted. RESULTS: The expression of both proteins and mRNA of IL‐18 and IL‐18R were very low in immature ovaries before stimulation, but after PMSG injection both IL‐18 and IL‐18R increased dramatically in theca cells and reached a maximum level at the peri‐ovulatory phase then slightly lowered, but still kept a high level during the luteal phase in the corpus luteum. The treatment of IL‐18R monoclonal antibody to the mice during ovarian stimulation reduced the number of ovulated ova and inhibited the expansion of cumulus cells surrounding the ovum. CONCLUSION: IL‐18 and IL‐18R play roles in various kinds of function of ovary.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Minichromosome Maintenance-binding Protein (MCM-BP) Antagonizes MCM Helicase*

The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex, a replicative helicase, is a heterohexamer essential for DNA duplication and genome stability. We identified Schizosaccharomyces pombe mcb1+ (Mcm-binding protein 1), an apparent orthologue of the human MCM-binding protein that associates with a subset of MCM complex proteins. mcb1+ is an essential gene. Deletion of mcb1+ caused cell cycle arrest after several generations with a cdc phenotype and disrupted nuclear structure. Mcb1 is an abundant protein, constitutively present across the cell cycle. It is widely distributed in cytoplasm and nucleoplasm and bound to chromatin. Co-immunoprecipitation suggested that Mcb1 interacts robustly with Mcm3–7 but not Mcm2. Overproduction of Mcb1 disrupted the association of Mcm2 with other MCM proteins, resulting in inhibition of DNA replication, DNA damage, and activation of the checkpoint kinase Chk1. Thus, Mcb1 appears to antagonize the function of MCM helicase.
Attachmentof bacteria to the rootsof higher plants

Attachmentof bacteria to the rootsof higher plants Dulce N. Rodrı́guez-Navarro, Marta S. Dardanelli & José E. Ruı́z-Saı́nz Centro-Las Torres-Tomejil (IFAPA), Apartado Oficial, Alcalá del Rı́o, Sevilla, Spain; Dpto. de Biologı́a Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fı́sico-Quı́micas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rı́o Cuarto, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina; Dpto. de Microbiologı́a y Parasitologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Prof. Garcı́a González 2, Sevilla, Spain; and Dpto. de Microbiologı́a, Facultad de Biologı́a, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda, Reina Mercedes 6, Sevilla, Spain.
Why autologous hamstring tendon reconstruction should now be considered the gold standard for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes

The aim of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery is to provide the patient with a timely return to sport allowing them to participate without any further meniscal damage and having a normal knee function which results in neither clinical nor radiologic evidence of osteoarthritis later in life. Long term study of both endoscopically performed patellar tendon and hamstring tendon graft reconstructions show that this is more likely to be achieved with hamstring tendon graft rather than patellar tendon graft. ACL reconstruction carried out endoscopically with the patellar tendon graft was popularised last century in the late 1980s and early 1990s due to the advent of easily performed interference screw fixation, and the rapid bone to bone healing of the graft. However donor site morbidity was common, persistent, occasionally severe and particularly disabling in females and trades people who knelt. Longitudinal follow-up demonstrated the development of fixed flexion deformities at the 2 and 5 year post-operative mark associated with the development of Grade B changes in the patellofemoral and medial compartments.1 2 These changes were noted on side to side comparative radiographs. …
Dual action of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on K+ current in human T lymphocytes.

Originally developed as antidotes to organophosphorus nerve poisons, the oximes have attracted renewed interest in studies of cellular regulation. In particular, 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) has gained attention as a useful membrane-permeant "chemical phosphatase" for studying roles of protein phosphorylation. It has been proposed that effects of BDM on cardiac muscle tension, action potentials, neuromuscular transmission and ion currents are related to dephosphorylation of substrates as diverse as myofibrils and ion channels. In the present study, voltage-dependent K+ currents in human T lymphocytes were studied using the whole cell patch clamp technique. Preincubating intact cells briefly in 5 mM BDM before recording reduced the K+ current in an irreversible manner, consistent with chemical (phosphatase? ) modification of the channels. In contrast, acute BDM treatment produced a rapid, reversible block of K+ current with half block at about 5 mM. Moreover, including adenosine-O-5'-(3-thiotriphosphate) (500 microM) in the patch pipette did not prevent the rapid, reversible block by BDM. Under these conditions, the most likely mechanism was a direct block of channels from the outside. Because similar K+ currents are present in many tissue and cell types, a direct channel block suggests caution in interpreting the effects of oximes as resulting from protein dephosphorylation.
The Integrity of the Cytokinesis Machinery under Stress Conditions Requires the Glucan Synthase Bgs1p and Its Regulator Cfh3p

In yeast, cytokinesis requires coordination between nuclear division, acto-myosin ring contraction, and septum synthesis. We studied the role of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Bgs1p and Cfh3p proteins during cytokinesis under stress conditions. Cfh3p formed a ring in the septal area that contracted during mitosis; Cfh3p colocalized and co-immunoprecipitated with Cdc15p, showing that Cfh3p interacted with the contractile acto-myosin ring. In a wild-type strain, a significant number of contractile rings collapsed under stress conditions and this number increased dramatically in the cfh3Δ, bgs1cps1-191, and cfh3Δ bgs1/cps1-191. Our results show that after osmotic shock Cfh3p is essential for the stability of the (1,3) glucan synthase Bgs1p in the septal area, but not at the cell poles. Finally, cells adapted to stress; they repaired their contractile rings and re-localized Bgs1p to the cell surface some time after osmotic shock. A detailed analysis of the cytokinesis machinery in the presence of KCl revealed that the actomyosin ring collapsed before Bgs1p was internalized, and that it was repaired before Bgs1p re-localized to the cell surface. In the cfh3Δ, bgs1/cps1-191, and cfh3Δ bgs1/cps1-191 mutants, which have reduced glucan synthesis, the damage produced to the ring had stronger consequences, suggesting that an intact primary septum contributes to ring stability. The results show that the contractile actomyosin ring is very sensitive to stress, and that cells have efficient mechanisms to remedy the damage produced in this structure.
A Importância da Organização de Eventos no Turismo

This thesis aims to reflect the importance of the organization of events in the tourism. Is based on a collection of literature on the types of events, tourism and attractiveness, tourism seen as an industry or activity, the impacts resulting from tourism, and the importance of marketing and their tools in the cities. Throughout this paper, rehearses an analysis to companies/ institutions involved in organizing events, catering services, magazines, hosts, space rental, and a company specialized in organizing conferences. All companies/ institutions were selected because of the experience they have, and because of being able to explain how each specific branch. Faced opinions, can understand that setor, organization of events involving many areas of activity and was very complexity.
Disaster Risk Reduction through school learners’ awareness and preparedness

In 2006, the ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) (2007) initiated a campaign called Disaster Risk Reduction Begins at School to encourage the integration of disaster risk education into school curricula in countries vulnerable to disasters. A study was initiated to determine how education, in particular curriculum development and teaching, contributes to South African learners’ hazard awareness and disaster preparedness. Mixed method research (consisting of questionnaires, interviews and document reviews) was done to collect data. 150 educators from Gauteng, the Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, North West and the Eastern Cape completed questionnaires. Five curriculum coordinators, three disaster specialists and two disaster lecturers were interviewed to record their perspectives. The first finding of the study was that the majority of educators, disaster specialists and curriculum coordinators identified floods, fire, droughts, epidemics, road accidents and storms as the most prevalent disasters in the country. The second finding from the literature and empirical data collection revealed that South African communities, particularly people residing in informal settlements and other poor areas, are more vulnerable to disasters than their counterparts in more affluent areas. The third finding of the study was that teaching learners about hazards and disasters is vital and must be expanded.
Evidence for a systemic defect of resistance‐sized arterioles in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

BackgroundTo investigate whether the abnormalities of coronary arterioles observed in association with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy represent a generalized phenomenon, both forearm and coronary vasodilator reserve were measured in 12 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. MethodsForearm vasodilator reserve was evaluated by measuring minimal forearm vascular resistance (Rmin, the ratio of mean intra-arterial pressure to peak forearm blood flow measured by venous plethysmography) under conditions of maximal postocclusive reactive hyperemia. ResultsIn a subgroup (n-5) of patients, the intra-arterial infusion of sodium nitroprusside combined with arterial occlusion did not produce additional vasodilation, indicating that the ischemic stimulus was indeed maximal. Coronary reserve was quantitated by measuring left ventricular blood flow (13N-ammonia and positron emission tomography) and coronary resistance at baseline and after intravenous dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg) Rminwas significantly greater in patients than in a group of age- and sex-matched controls. The percentage change in coronary resistance after dipyridamole was significantly related to Rmin, whereas no correlation was found between change in coronary resistance and individual septal thickness values. ConclusionsIndependent of cardiac hypertrophy, systemic and coronary arterioles of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are affected by an abnormality that may contribute to the clinical evolution of this syndrome.
The Prevalence and Clinical Course of HIV-Associated Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in Uganda

Background:The prevalence and clinical course of pulmonary cryptococcosis in Sub-Saharan Africa are not well described. Methods:Consecutive HIV-infected adults hospitalized at Mulago Hospital (Kampala, Uganda) between September 2007 and July 2008 with cough ≥2 weeks were enrolled. Patients with negative sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli were referred for bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). BAL fluid was examined for mycobacteria, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and fungi. Patients were followed 2 and 6 months after hospital discharge. Results:Of 407 patients enrolled, 132 (32%) underwent bronchoscopy. Of 132 BAL fungal cultures, 15 (11%) grew Cryptococcus neoformans. None of the patients were suspected to have pulmonary cryptococcosis on admission. The median CD4 count among those with pulmonary cryptococcosis was 23 cells per microliter (interquartile range = 7-51). Of 13 patients who completed 6-month follow-up, 4 died and 9 were improved, including 5 who had started antiretroviral therapy but had not received antifungal medication. Conclusions:Pulmonary cryptococcosis is common in HIV-infected tuberculosis suspects in Uganda. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy in those with isolated pulmonary infection may improve outcomes, even without antifungal therapy. This finding suggests that some HIV-infected patients with C. neoformans isolated from respiratory samples may have colonization or localized infection.
EMI Behavioral Models of DC-Fed Three-Phase Motor Drive Systems

Behavioral electromagnetic interference (EMI) models based on Thevenin equivalents are proposed for a dc-fed three-phase motor drive system. Both common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) noise models are developed to accurately predict the total EMI noise in accordance with the DO-160 standards for aerospace applications. Beyond the switching frequency of the drive, the CM noise model is found to behave like a two-port linear network and is shown to predict changes in the input-side EMI due to any changes in the load-side parameters or vice versa. Simplified one-port behavioral models for DM noise are then used to predict the total noise at both input and output side of the motor drive. Such models can be very useful in system level EMI analysis and also in understanding how EMI filters and harnesses affect the overall EMI in a motor drive system. The models run in the frequency domain and are validated with experiments up to 30 MHz.
Efficient advanced encryption standard implementation using lookup and normal basis

A new type of advanced encryption standard (AES) implementation using a normal basis is presented. The method is based on a lookup technique that makes use of inversion and shift registers, which leads to a smaller size of lookup for the S-box than its corresponding implementations. The reduction in the lookup size is based on grouping sets of inverses into conjugate sets which in turn leads to a reduction in the number of lookup values. The above technique is implemented in a regular AES architecture using register files, which requires less interconnect and area and is suitable for security applications. The results of the implementation are competitive in throughput and area compared with the corresponding solutions in a polynomial basis.
Magnetic resonance images lipid, fibrous, calcified, hemorrhagic, and thrombotic components of human atherosclerosis in vivo.

BACKGROUND Although MRI can discriminate the lipid core from the collagenous cap of atherosclerotic lesions in vitro with T2 contrast, it has not yet produced detailed in vivo images of these human plaque components. METHODS AND RESULTS We imaged seven lesions from six patients who required surgical carotid endarterectomy and calculated T2 in vivo before surgery in various plaque regions. Using the same acquisition parameters, we repeated these measurements in vitro on the resected fragment and compared MR images with histology. T2 values calculated in vivo correlate with in vitro measurements for each plaque component; the in vitro discrimination we demonstrated previously with T2 contrast can therefore be performed similarly in vivo. CONCLUSIONS MRI is the first noninvasive imaging technique that allows the discrimination of lipid cores, fibrous caps, calcifications, normal media, and adventitia in human atheromatous plaques in vivo. This technique also characterizes intraplaque hemorrhage and acute thrombosis. This result may support further investigations that include MRI of plaque progression, stabilization, and rupture in human atherosclerosis.