Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 Outbreak on Chinese Residents’ Mental Health

Background: This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the influence of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on residents’ mental health. Methods: This research carried out two cross-sectional surveys in seven provinces of China from January to February 2019, and again in February 2020 (during the COVID-19 outbreak), involving 22,886 and 8,151 residents, respectively. It compares the incidences of anxiety and depressive symptoms between the two surveys, and analyzes the regional differences of the impact among areas with different epidemic severities. Logistic regression is applied to analyze the factors affecting residents’ mental health. Outcomes: During the COVID-19 outbreak, the incidence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in residents was 7·69% and 15·02%, which had increased significantly by 15% and 11%, respectively, compared to 2019. In epidemic low-risk areas, medium-risk areas, high-risk areas, and the outbreak area, the incidence of anxiety symptoms in 2020 increased by 12%, 8%, 17%, and 32%, respectively, and the incidence of depressive symptoms increased by 8%, 6%, 14%, and 24%, respectively. The occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms is related to self-reported health status, exercise, social support, and perceptions of the death toll, and treatment difficulty of COVID-19. Interpretation: During the outbreak of COVID-19, the incidences of anxiety and depressive symptoms both increased, and the rate increased with the severity of the epidemic. It is necessary to conduct mental health monitoring of residents during the outbreak, and optimize public service announcements to improve mental health. Funding Statement: This study was funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2016YXMS224), Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. All the respondents’ participation was voluntary and informed consent was obtained.
How Much Human-Caused Global Warming Should We Expect with Business-As-Usual (BAU) Climate Policies? A Semi-Empirical Assessment

In order to assess the merits of national climate change mitigation policies, it is important to have a reasonable benchmark for how much human-caused global warming would occur over the coming century with “Business-As-Usual” (BAU) conditions. However, currently, policymakers are limited to making assessments by comparing the Global Climate Model (GCM) projections of future climate change under various different “scenarios”, none of which are explicitly defined as BAU. Moreover, all of these estimates are ab initio computer model projections, and policymakers do not currently have equivalent empirically derived estimates for comparison. Therefore, estimates of the total future human-caused global warming from the three main greenhouse gases of concern (CO2, CH4, and N2O) up to 2100 are here derived for BAU conditions. A semi-empirical approach is used that allows direct comparisons between GCM-based estimates and empirically derived estimates. If the climate sensitivity to greenhouse gases implies a Transient Climate Response (TCR) of ≥ 2.5 °C or an Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) of ≥ 5.0 °C then the 2015 Paris Agreement’s target of keeping human-caused global warming below 2.0 °C will have been broken by the middle of the century under BAU. However, for a TCR < 1.5 °C or ECS < 2.0 °C, the target would not be broken under BAU until the 22nd century or later. Therefore, the current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) “likely” range estimates for TCR of 1.0 to 2.5 °C and ECS of 1.5 to 4.5 °C have not yet established if human-caused global warming is a 21st century problem.
Phase 1 Study Evaluating the Association of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor Ribociclib and Cetuximab in Recurrent/Metastatic p16-Negative Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Background: The majority of human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) present upregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and frequent alterations in the cyclin D1-cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 (CDK 4/6)-retinoblastoma protein (pRb) pathway, resulting in cell cycle progression and tumor proliferation. This study investigated the combination of ribociclib, an orally highly selective inhibitor of CDK 4/6, and cetuximab in recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) SCCHN. Methods: A phase I trial using a 3 + 3 design was performed to determine the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ribociclib with standard dose of weekly cetuximab in HPV-negative patients with R/M SCCHN. Ribociclib was administered orally (3 weeks on/1 week off) at dose level 1 of 400 mg daily and dose level 2 of 600 mg daily. The MTD of ribocilib was then further evaluated in an expansion cohort. Results: 10 patients were enrolled in the escalation trial. No DLTs were observed at dose level 1 (n = 3); at dose level 2, one patient was replaced due to rapid disease progression, and one patient out of six evaluable patients experienced a DLT (grade 4 thrombocytopenia >7 days). Ribociclib 600 mg daily was thus determined to be the MTD. Eleven additional patients were enrolled in the expansion cohort. Diarrhea (52%), rash (52%), fatigue (43%), nausea (33%), and mucositis (28%) were the most frequent grade 1–2 adverse events (AE). Neutropenia was the most frequent grade 3–4 AE (20%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.5 months (range 0.4–17.3 months) and median overall survival (OS) was 8.3 months (range 0.4–24.1 months). Among the 19 radiologically evaluable patients, two (10.5%) achieved a partial response and 11 (58%) had stable disease. Conclusions: The MTD of ribociclib is 600 mg daily when administered in combination with standard dose cetuximab for 3 weeks on and 1 week off. This combination was safe and showed efficacy. Further clinical trials should be conducted to evaluate the antitumor effects of this combination. Trial Information: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02429089; Eudract number 2014-005371-83.
The Norms of Graph Spanners

A $t$-spanner of a graph $G$ is a subgraph $H$ in which all distances are preserved up to a multiplicative $t$ factor. A classical result of Alth\"ofer et al. is that for every integer $k$ and every graph $G$, there is a $(2k-1)$-spanner of $G$ with at most $O(n^{1+1/k})$ edges. But for some settings the more interesting notion is not the number of edges, but the degrees of the nodes. This spurred interest in and study of spanners with small maximum degree. However, this is not necessarily a robust enough objective: we would like spanners that not only have small maximum degree, but also have "few" nodes of "large" degree. To interpolate between these two extremes, in this paper we initiate the study of graph spanners with respect to the $\ell_p$-norm of their degree vector, thus simultaneously modeling the number of edges (the $\ell_1$-norm) and the maximum degree (the $\ell_{\infty}$-norm). We give precise upper bounds for all ranges of $p$ and stretch $t$: we prove that the greedy $(2k-1)$-spanner has $\ell_p$ norm of at most $\max(O(n), O(n^{(k+p)/(kp)}))$, and that this bound is tight (assuming the Erd\H{o}s girth conjecture). We also study universal lower bounds, allowing us to give "generic" guarantees on the approximation ratio of the greedy algorithm which generalize and interpolate between the known approximations for the $\ell_1$ and $\ell_{\infty}$ norm. Finally, we show that at least in some situations, the $\ell_p$ norm behaves fundamentally differently from $\ell_1$ or $\ell_{\infty}$: there are regimes ($p=2$ and stretch $3$ in particular) where the greedy spanner has a provably superior approximation to the generic guarantee.
Collapse of Deep and Narrow Neural Nets

Recent theoretical work has demonstrated that deep neural networks have superior performance over shallow networks, but their training is more difficult, e.g., they suffer from the vanishing gradient problem. This problem can be typically resolved by the rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation. However, here we show that even for such activation, deep and narrow neural networks (NNs) will converge to erroneous mean or median states of the target function depending on the loss with high probability. Deep and narrow NNs are encountered in solving partial differential equations with high-order derivatives. We demonstrate this collapse of such NNs both numerically and theoretically, and provide estimates of the probability of collapse. We also construct a diagram of a safe region for designing NNs that avoid the collapse to erroneous states. Finally, we examine different ways of initialization and normalization that may avoid the collapse problem. Asymmetric initializations may reduce the probability of collapse but do not totally eliminate it.
ANALISIS PENGARUH HARGA DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP MINAT BELI SMARTPHONE ADVAN MELALUI CITRA MEREK SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING DI WILAYAH YOGYAKARTA

This study aims to determine (1) the effect of price and product quality on Advan smartphone brand image, (2) the effect of price and product quality on Advan smartphone buying interest, (3) the effect of brand image on buying interest, (4) influence of price and quality products for the interest in buying Advan smartphone through brand image as an intervening variable in the region of Yogyakarta. The population of this study is consumers or who have used or learned about Advan smartphones. Sampling is done using purposive sampling. The research data was obtained by collecting questionnaires about price, product quality, brand image and buying interest for 200 respondents. The analysis technique used for this research is Intervening Variable Regression Analysis with Path Analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. These results indicate that (1) prices do not have a significant effect on brand image, (2) product quality has a significant and positive effect on brand image, (3) price is not significantly related to buying interest, (4) product quality has a significant and positive influence on interest buy, (5) brand image significant and positive influence on buying interest, (6) brand image does not intervene in the interest of prices against buying interest, (7) brand image is interfered with the influence of product quality on buying interest.
Maternal Investments in Children: The Role of Expected Effort and Returns

We investigate the importance of subjective expectations of returns to and effort costs of the two main investments that mothers make in newborns: breastfeeding and stimulation. We find heterogeneity across mothers in expected effort costs and expected returns for outcomes in the cognitive, socio-emotional and health domains, and we show that this contributes to explaining heterogeneity in investments. We find no significant heterogeneity in preferences for child developmental outcomes. We simulate the impact of various policies on investments. Our findings highlight the relevance of interventions designed to reduce perinatal fatigue alongside interventions that increase perceived returns to investments.
Inducing Mimicry Through Auditory Icons

This study aims to find out if periodic auditory icon loop and non-periodic auditory icon loop can induce mimicry in humans. Auditory icons are snippet of everyday sounds used to represent information or processes. A within-subject, Oz-of-Wizard experiment was conducted among forty participants. The participants were asked to eat an apple while being exposed to different types of auditory icon loop. The loops were made using an auditory icon that plays the sound of crunchy apple bite. Both male and female participants were exposed to periodic auditory icon loop, with the auditory icon played every 10 second. Participants were also exposed to non-periodic auditory icon loop which uses the same auditory icon but was made to represent the eating behaviour of a real person of the same sex. The results show that only male participants mimicked the male non-periodic auditory icon loop. Although female participants mimicked the female auditory icon loop, the result is not significant. Both male and female did not mimic the periodic auditory icon loop. Thus, only auditory icons that represent normal biting pace can induce mimicry, significantly in male participants. The findings from this study has implications on the design of persuasive technology that uses auditory icons to encourage behavioural change.
Rorschach Inkblot Image Stylization using Silhouette Matching and Paper Texture Simulation

: The Rorschach inkblot image is a monochrome or color image of the ink stain used in psychological testing. It is used to predict human psychology projected on a vague image that can be interpreted in various shapes. In this study, we introduce a system that automatically generates a Rorschach image by automatically selecting a similar form in a silhouette image database. Using the results of this study, it is possible to generate various types of Rorschach images and it can be used novel Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) application.
Holistic research of diffusely reflected light in cellulosic materials

This paper introduces some applications of time-of-flight or time-resolved spectroscopy to cellulosic materials like wood. Time-of-flight or time-resolved spectroscopy uses short pulses of light illumination where a portion of the light is scattered but most of the light propagates through the sample. By using such technique, we could know that the light scattering contribution to near infrared spectra in wood is significant because it is a complex and highly scattering medium due to its cellulosic structure.
Subtype-Specific Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Resistance Associated Substitutions in Mainland China

Resistance associated substitutions (RASs) can reduce the efficacy of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) targeting hepatitis C virus (HCV) and lead to treatment failure. Clinical data of HCV NS5A RASs prevalence are limited in China and need to be investigated. A total of 878 unique patient samples with different genotypes (GT) (1b: n = 489, 2a: n = 203, 3a: n = 60, 3b: n = 78, 6a: n = 48) were collected from around mainland China by KingMed Laboratory and analyzed for NS5A RASs distribution by Sanger sequencing. Phylogeographic analyses based on NS5A domain 1 sequences indicated circulation of both locally and nationally epidemic strains. Relatively high frequency of Y93H (14.1%) was only detected in GT1b but not in other subtypes. High frequency of L31M was found in both GT2a (95.6%) and GT3b (98.7%) sequences. Due to the overlapping incidence of A30K, 96% of GT3b isolates had NS5A RASs combination A30K + L31M, which confers high levels of resistance to most NS5A inhibitors. No RASs were detected in GT6a strains. Meanwhile, baseline NS5A RASs fingerprints were also evaluated in 185 DAA treatment-naive GT1b patients with next generation sequencing method. Patients presenting with Y93H had statistically higher entropy of HCV NS5A sequences. Taken together, subtype-specific distribution patterns of NS5A RASs were observed. GT1b patients with higher HCV complexity tend to have a greater chance of Y93H presence, while GT3b patients are naturally resistant to current NS5A inhibitors and their treatment may pose a challenge to real-world DAA application.
Factors affecting flower development and quality in Rhododendron simsii

As part of the genus Rhododendron, azalea is well known for its luxuriant flowering. High-quality flowering is essential and is considered to be a homogeneous bud burst in the forcing greenhouse and a continuous development to fully open flowers at indoor conditions. Growers continuously strive to improve the quality of their products and a simple question arose: “Why do azalea flowers not always open at indoor conditions? ” We tried to answer this question by an in-depth physiological approach of the complex flowering process. In a first part, we focused on the effects of altered production processes on flower differentiation and flower bud dormancy. The increased use of plant growth regulators (chlormequat, paclobutrazol) did not affect flower differentiation, but increased the need for cold to break flower bud dormancy. Overall, large genotypic variations were found. In the second part of this research, carbohydrate metabolism and source-sink relationships were investigated. Based on photosynthesis measurements and forcing experiments, we defined the minimal light level needed to force azalea. The reasons for the two main problems with flower quality (non-homogeneous flowering and the arrest of flower development at indoor conditions) have been identified and can be prevented by correct production techniques. First, flower homogeneity is influenced by the amount of cold which plants receive during the dormancy period. Unfulfilled cold requirements will lead to non-homogeneous flowering. Second, the arrest of flower opening at indoor conditions is due to insufficient leaf starch reserves. Forcing plants to flower with the appropriate amount of supplemental light will prevent this problem by building-up reserves before sale.
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Spine Surgery

Study Design: Narrative review. Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as disruptive technologies with the potential to drastically affect clinical decision making in spine surgery. AI can enhance the delivery of spine care in several arenas: (1) preoperative patient workup, patient selection, and outcome prediction; (2) quality and reproducibility of spine research; (3) perioperative surgical assistance and data tracking optimization; and (4) intraoperative surgical performance. The purpose of this narrative review is to concisely assemble, analyze, and discuss current trends and applications of AI and ML in conventional and robotic-assisted spine surgery. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive PubMed search of peer-reviewed articles that were published between 2006 and 2019 examining AI, ML, and robotics in spine surgery. Key findings were then compiled and summarized in this review. Results: The majority of the published AI literature in spine surgery has focused on predictive analytics and supervised image recognition for radiographic diagnosis. Several investigators have studied the use of AI/ML in the perioperative setting in small patient cohorts; pivotal trials are still pending. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence has tremendous potential in revolutionizing comprehensive spine care. Evidence-based, predictive analytics can help surgeons improve preoperative patient selection, surgical indications, and individualized postoperative care. Robotic-assisted surgery, while still in early stages of development, has the potential to reduce surgeon fatigue and improve technical precision.
Glioma Stem Cells

Gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumors and are classified as grade I to IV according to their degree of malignancy (Daumas-Duport et al., 1988). Grade I and II gliomas are clinically benign or semi-benign with relatively long-term survival, while grade III and IV are malignant and lethal within several years. In particular, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most malignant glioma as grade IV often relapse even after radical surgical resection and standard chemo/radiation therapies, because of their diffuse infiltration into the surrounding brain parenchyma and high degree of chemo/radioresistance. Despite extensive efforts, the overall survival of GBM patients remains still short and has not yet been dramatically improved for more than several decades. GBMs are often composed of various types of cells with distinct morphology and clinical phenotypes. Their histological and biological multiformity has been classically explained by the stochastic clonal evolution model (Nowell, 1976). According to this model, all tumor cells should have low but inheritable ability to form tumors. However, recent evidence has suggested another concept, the cancer stem cell (CSC) hierarchy model, which shows that only a rare stem cell population has high ability to proliferate (Jordan et al., 2006). CSCs have similar characters to normal stem cells in the way of having high ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple types of progenies to organize tissue architectures. Exclusively, CSCs can proliferate uncontrollably to propagate tumor cells. CSC model have direct relevance with tumor replenishment, disease recurrence and metastatic activity, suggesting that CSCs should be the target to eradicate the tumors. The aim of this chapter is to provide our insights into how CSCs in human glioma; i.e. glioma stem cells (GSCs) should be attacked. In the first parts, we summarize the general basis of CSC concept inclusive of the current knowledge on how a CSC is defined, how CSCs should be technically prepared and modeled, and what characteristics CSCs possess. In the following part, we highlight what abnormal signaling pathways regulate CSCs as the potential therapeutic targets. Understanding the framework of a GSC research field could help us to think of novel treatment strategy. Most importantly, however, CSCs have enhanced resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Considering this fact, we finally propose that it could be most promising strategy to disrupt the extracellular environments
Biorefining Waste Sludge From Water and Sewage Treatment Plants Into Eco-Construction Material

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using different waste sludge and coal combustion residuals in eco-concrete block production. The compressive strength of the eco-concrete blocks produced by waterworks sludge, bottom and fly ashes were 36 MPa, which comply with the standard specifications for paving blocks in Hong Kong. The optimal mixing proportion (by weight) of different materials in the blocks such as aggregates, cementitious materials, water, and fly ash was 1.1: 1.0: 0.5: 0.22 respectively. The environmental and toxicological impacts of the final products were then evaluated according to the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). While several heavy metals (i.e., Hg, Cu, and Pb) have been identified in the specimens, the levels of these contaminants complied with Standards (US 40 CFR 268.48). Waste materials generated from water and sewage treatment processes and power plants are feasible to be used as ingredients for paving concrete block production. These products are environmentally acceptable and mechanically suitable for resource recovery of waste materials.
The Influence of Self-Control on Media Literacy of College Students

This study explores the influence of self-control on eight dimensions of media literacy to put forward some suggestions to enhance self-control and media literacy of college students. Questionnaires were employed in the survey and SPSS was adopted to test the hypothesis concerning the relationship between different variables. The results show that self-control is positively related to media literacy, new media skill and utilization capacities; negatively related to truth seeking, analysis, critical thinking capacities and moral cognition.