Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOME REMARKS ON TODO N IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE

Varias propriedades sintaticas e semânticas de todo N, chamadas bare universal phrase (BUP), e todos(s) o(s) N(s), defined universal phrase (DUP), podem ser explicadas atribuindo-se uma estrutura semântica a cada sintagma quantificacional. Se nossa proposta semântica estiver correta, torna-se incorreta a afirmacao de Peres (1992) de que a presenca do artigo definido no sintagma quantificacional e nula. As estruturas semânticas atribuidas a BUP e DUP justificam a hipotese de que todo N nao e um quantificador. Tal hipotese encontra ressonância na proposicao de Negrao (2002), que afirma ser todo N um indefinido, no sentido de Heim. As analises de Dayal (1998) e Saeboe (2001) acerca de any sao usadas para mostrar que todo N e um universal, nao um indedinido. Alem disso, trata-se de um modal. A discussao a respeito da generalizacao de Enc e feita para demonstrar que, uma vez que se considere todo como quantificador como a melhor solucao, tal generalizacao devera ser revista. Nossa proposta e a de manter a distincao entre a distincao entre quantificacao e especificidade. A especificidade e dada pela presenca do artigo definido. O quantificador propriamente dito expressa quantificacao. Tal proposta abre a possibilidade de uma classe de quantificadores nao-especificos (talvez modais), dos quais todo N e um exemplo central. Abstract Several syntactic and semantic properties of todo N, named bare universal phrase (BUP), and todo(s) o(s) N(s), defined universal phrase (DUP), may be explained by attributing to each quantifier phrase a semantic structure. If our semantic proposal is correct, then Peress (1992) claim that the presence of the definite article in the quantifier phrase is vacuous is not right. The semantic structures attributed to BUP and DUP lead to the hypothesis that todo N was not a quantifier. Such a hypothesis finds resonance in Negraos proporal (2002) that claims that todo N is an indefinite in Heims sense. Dayals (1998) and Saeboes (2001) analyses of any are used to show that todo N is a universal, not an indefinite. Moreover it is a modal. The discussion of Encs generalization is brought up in order to show that if considering todo as a quantifier is a better solution, then Encs generalization needs to be revised. Our proposal is to keep apart quantification from specificity. Specificity is given by the presence of the definite article. The quantifier itself expresses quantification. Such a proposal opens up the possibility of a class of non-specific (perhaps modal) quantifiers, of which todo N is a central example.
[MicroRNA expression profile and pathogenetic initial study in essential hypertension].

OBJECTIVE To study the differential microRNAs expression between patients with essential hypertension and healthy controls. METHODS Whole blood from 15 hypertensive patients and 5 controls healthies were separated into plasma at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. MicroRNAs were harvested using kit, and stored at -80°C. MicroRNAs profiling were performed using Exiqon microRCURY(TM) LNA microRNAs array, and were quantitative RT-PCR for the differential microRNAs expression. In addition, we used a set of plasma samples from 24 hypertensive patients and 22 healthy donors to independently validate the expression of these signature microRNAs. RESULTS MicroRNAs expression profile was found to be differentially in the essential hypertensive patients compared with the healthy donors. Of 1700 microRNAs detected on the microarray, 46 microRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in the essential hypertensive patient, 27 microRNAs were collected in Sanger microRNAs data-bank, the function of remaining 19 microRNAs were unknown. In the 27 microRNAs, 9 microRNAs were up-regulated in the hypertension patient samples, while 18 known microRNAs were down-regulated. MiR-296-5p (Fold change 0.47, P = 0.013) and miR-133b (Fold change 0.57, P = 0.033) were consistently down-regulated in the patient plasma, whereas let-7e (Fold change 1.62, P = 0.009) and hcmv-miR-UL112 (Fold change 2.72, P = 0.004), one human cytomegalovirus encoded microRNAs, were up-regulated in the patient samples. The microRNAs expression was independently validated using another sample. We showed that MHC class I polypeptide-related chain B (MHC class I polypeptide-related chain B, MICB) and Interferon regulatory factor 1 (Interferon regulatory factor 1, IRF1) were functional targets of hcmv-miR-UL112 by fluorescent reporter assays. CONCLUSIONS The hypertensive patients have distinct microRNAs expression Profile. Hcmv-miR-UL112 may have important implications toward pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
Genetic mating patterns studied in pools with manipulated nest site availability in two populations of Pomatoschistus minutus

Pomatoschistus minutus show paternal care in a resource defence mating system. We investigated the effect of nest‐site availability on parasitic spawning. Each experimental pool contained four potentially nest‐building males, four females and nests‐sites in shortage (2) or excess (6). Both treatments were conducted in two populations; one with natural nest‐sites in excess, one with a nest‐site shortage. Microsatellite‐DNA revealed that all nest‐holders had fertilized most of the eggs they tended. Yet, 35% of the nests contained eggs fertilized by another male and 14.4% of the males had performed parasitic spawning. There was no site or treatment effect. Several females spawned in two nests, which coincided with parasitic spawnings, suggesting a cost to the nest‐holder in terms of lost mating success. Nest‐holders with and without eggs and non‐nesting males all spawned parasitically, generating a significantly lower opportunity for sexual selection compared to if there had been no parasitic spawning.
Investigation of Effect of 1,8-cineole on Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorhexidine Gluconate

Background: Chlorhexidine belongs to a group of medicines called antiseptic antibacterial agents. Chlorhexidine is commonly used for the care and clean off the skin, hands, and wounds. In recent years, medicinal and aromatic plants have been used for prevention of disease, maintaining health, and improving disease in traditional and modern medicine as a medicament. According to recent research, cineole is the isolated active agent of eucalyptus oil and possesses antimicrobial activity. It was demonstrated that cineole could enhance the antimicrobial effects of the other antiseptics. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of 1,8-cineole on the antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine against some microorganisms. Materials and Methods: The effect of 1,8-cineole on antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was tested using seven different microorganisms. In this study, CHG (128–0.125 mg/l) and cineole (512–2 g/l) were analyzed together and separately using checkerboard assay. Interactions between CHG and 1,8-cineole have been identified as synergistic, indifferent, or antagonistic. Results: Synergistic activity was demonstrated between CHG and 1,8-cineole against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Indifferent interactions for these compounds were demonstrated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: CHG antiseptic properties were found to be increased when CHG was used in combination with 1,8-cineole. In this way, CHG will reveal stronger effect against microorganisms.
Prevalence of Epilepsy in Silivri, a Rural Area of Turkey

Summary: Purpose: To learn the prevalence of epilepsy in Silivri, a western town of Turkey, a randomized door‐to‐door survey was conducted using a standard questionnaire. The method of the study was adopted from the suggestions of the World Health Organization (WHO) for prevalence studies in developing countries, and the criteria were derived from Guidelines for Epidemiologic. Studies on Epilepsy proposed by the Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 1993.
The librarian's roles in the systematic review process: a case study.

UNLABELLED QUESTION/SETTING: Although the systematic review has become a research standard, little information addresses the actions of the librarian on a systematic review team. METHOD This article is an observational case study that chronicles a librarian's required involvement, skills, and responsibilities in each stage of a real-life systematic review. MAIN RESULTS Examining the review process reveals that the librarian's multiple roles as an expert searcher, organizer, and analyzer form an integral part of the Cochrane Collaboration's criteria for conducting systematic reviews. Moreover, the responsibilities of the expert searcher directly reflect the key skills and knowledge depicted in the "Definition of Expert Searching" section of the Medical Library Association's policy statement, "Role of Expert Searching in Health Sciences Libraries. " CONCLUSION Although the librarian's multiple roles are important in all forms of medical research, they are crucial in a systematic review. As an expert searcher, the librarian must interact with the investigators to develop the terms required for a comprehensive search strategy in multiple appropriate sources. As an organizer and analyzer, the librarian must effectively manage the articles and document the search, retrieval, and archival processes.
Highly stable optoelectronic oscillator with a 105 finesse etalon as a photonic filter

A tunable optoelectronic oscillator with a Fabry-Perot etalon acting as both an optical frequency reference and photonic filter has been demonstrated. The RF oscillation frequency may be changed by tuning of a VOD to harmonics of the etalon FSR. The generated microwave tone shows long term stability of 3.3×10-10 at 1 s.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Gabapentin After Administration of Gabapentin Enacarbil

Gabapentin enacarbil (GEn) is an actively transported prodrug of gabapentin that provides sustained dose‐proportional exposure to gabapentin and predictable bioavailability. Gabapentin enacarbil is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe primary restless legs syndrome (RLS) in adults. Using plasma gabapentin concentration data obtained after administration of GEn in 12 phase 1 to 3 GEn studies in healthy adults or patients with RLS (dose range, 300‐2400 mg/d), a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed by nonlinear mixed‐effect modeling using NONMEM. Data were similar in subjects with and without RLS. Population PK‐pharmacodynamic (PD) models were evaluated using gabapentin exposure and change from baseline in investigator‐ or patient‐rated Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI‐I) or International Restless Legs Scale (IRLS) total score. Potential PK‐PD models for sleep outcomes and safety parameters were also explored. The CGI‐I response increased with increasing GEn dose, whereas the IRLS total score was similar at all exposures tested. Early adverse events of dizziness or somnolence/sedation were more frequent for GEn 600 mg than higher doses; however, this is confounded by the fact that all subjects received the 600‐mg dose for 3 days prior to titration to higher dosages.
Anodic bonded 2D semiconductors: from synthesis to device fabrication

Two-dimensional semiconductors are increasingly relevant for emergent applications and devices, notably for hybrid heterostructures with graphene. We fabricate few-layer, large-area (a few tens of microns across) samples of the III–VI semiconductors GaS, GaSe and InSe using the anodic bonding method and characterize them by simultaneous use of optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Two-terminal devices with a gate are constructed to show the feasibility of applications based on these.
A multicenter experience with the Talent endovascular graft for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE The Talent endovascular graft has been used in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in more than 13,000 patients worldwide. However, information regarding the results of its use has been limited. This report describes the experience with 368 patients with AAAs who underwent treatment at four medical centers as part of an investigator-sponsored investigational device exemption trial. METHODS Patients with AAAs were enrolled at four sites during a 32-month period from January 1999 to July 2001. All patients underwent treatment for infrarenal AAA with the Talent endovascular graft. Repair was performed with transrenal stent fixation under epidural (362/368 patients; 98.3%), local (4/368 patients; 1.1%), or general (2/368 patients; 0.5%) anesthesia. The average diameters were: maximum aortic aneurysm, 6.2 +/- 1.2 cm; proximal aortic fixation site, 2.6 +/- 0.4 cm; and distal iliac fixation site, 1.4 +/- 0.6 cm. Bifurcated grafts were used in 276 of 366 patients (75%), aortouniiliac in 57 of 366 patients (16%), and tube aortoaortic in 33 of 366 patients (9%). Multiple comorbid medical conditions were present in all patients (average, 4.7 conditions/patient). The mean age was 75.8 years, and 85% of the patients were male. Follow-up period ranged from 2 to 33 months (mean, 7.3 months). RESULTS Endovascular graft deployment was accomplished in 366 of 368 patients. In the 263 patients followed for at least 6 months after endovascular repair, AAA diameter decreased by 5 mm or more in 83 patients (32%); diameter remained unchanged (change < 5 mm) in 157 patients (60%) and increased by 5 mm or more in 23 patients (8.7%). Major morbidity occurred in 46 of 368 patients (12.5%), and minor morbidity occurred in 31 of 368 (8.4%). The 30-day mortality rate was 1.9%. Secondary procedures were performed in 32 patients (8.7%). Late rupture occurred in two patients, and late deaths unrelated to AAA occurred in 32 patients (8.7%) during the follow-up period. The primary technical success rate for all patients was 93.4%. The 30-day primary procedural success rate was 73.3%. The 30-day secondary procedural success rate was significantly higher at 85.8%. Computed tomographic scan was performed within 1 month after surgery in 349 patients. An endoleak was present in 43 of 349 patients (12.3%). These endoleaks were comprised of 10 attachment site (type I; 2.9%), 31 retrograde side-branch (type II; 8.9%), and two transgraft (type III; 0.6%). CONCLUSION These midterm findings show a high degree of technical and procedural success achieved in a patient population with extensive comorbid medical illnesses with low perioperative morbidity and mortality rates. Further follow-up study will be necessary to determine the effectiveness of the Talent endograft for the long-term treatment of AAA.
Long-term trends in use of and expenditures for cardiovascular medications in Canada

Background: Medication expenditures have become the fastest growing sector of costs within the Canadian health care system. Evaluation of the use of cardiovascular medications is important to determine the magnitude of the growth, to identify which medications dominate the landscape and to detect interprovincial differences in utilization. We describe long-term trends in the use of and expenditures for cardiovascular medications in Canada, by drug class and by province. Methods: For these analyses, we used volume and expenditure data related to prescriptions for cardiovascular medications obtained from IMS Health Canada’s CompuScript Audit® database for the period 1996–2006. Here, we describe national and provincial patterns of utilization and expenditures for specified classes of cardiovascular medications. Results: The use of cardiovascular medications increased sharply in Canada during the study period, with related costs rising by over 200% during this period to surpass $5 billion in 2006. Changes in population demographics, risk factors and inflation appeared to account for about two-thirds of the observed growth in expenditures. Use of newer medication classes (statins, angiotensin-receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors), for which patented brand name medications predominate, accounted for almost one-third of the cost increases. Interprovincial differences in total expenditures for cardiovascular drugs portrayed a descending gradient from east to west, with greatest variability for the newer drug classes. Interpretation: Prescriptions and expenditures for cardiovascular medications in Canada escalated over the study period. Projected increases may reach potentially unsustainable levels. Greater emphasis on the use of cost-effective medications is required to limit further increases. Factors influencing interprovincial differences warrant further study.
The Gravity of Consciousness Force Fields in Nishida and Einstein

Um observador externo tende a compreender a relacao de “atracao gravitacional” que ocorre entre dois objetos localizados no espaco como sendo constituida de um corpo atraente e um corpo atraido, no entanto, de acordo com a ideia de Gravitationsfeld de Albert Einstein, corpos de massas distintas geram campos de intensidades distintas no espaco que os circunda de forma a que todos os corpos localizados no universo estejam constantemente atraindo uns aos outros com diferentes intensidades. O mesmo pode ser dito acerca da concepcao de basho de Kitarō Nishida, de acordo com a qual, todo fenomeno alocado na consciencia possui um basho de uma intensidade especifica de forma que, para o “eu” que experiencia tais fenomenos, eles passam a ser percebidos como sendo ativos ou passivos uns em relacao aos outros; embora estejam, de fato, relacionando-se mutuamente atraves de seus basho. Em suma, da mesma forma em que todas a coisas sao conectadas no espaco, pela gravidade, topos os fenomenos sao conectados na consciencia, pelo basho.
Trehalose inhibits solute carrier 2A (SLC2A) proteins to induce autophagy and prevent hepatic steatosis

The disaccharide trehalose blocks glucose uptake in hepatocytes and induces autophagy that prevents fatty liver disease. A sugary inhibitor of liver disease The accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes that occurs in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can result in liver failure or liver cancer. Trehalose is a ubiquitous sugar that is present in the food consumed by animals. DeBosch et al. determined that trehalose blocked glucose uptake into cells by inhibiting glucose transporters in the plasma membrane, which induced a “starvation”-like response that activated autophagy even in the presence of adequate nutrients and glucose. Furthermore, providing trehalose to mice that are a model of NAFLD prevented lipid accumulation in the liver. As noted by Mardones et al. in the associated Focus, trehalose, which has been previously under investigation to treat neurodegenerative diseases characterized by toxic protein aggregates, may be a “silver bullet” for treating diseases resulting from inadequate cellular degradative metabolism. Trehalose is a naturally occurring disaccharide that has gained attention for its ability to induce cellular autophagy and mitigate diseases related to pathological protein aggregation. Despite decades of ubiquitous use as a nutraceutical, preservative, and humectant, its mechanism of action remains elusive. We showed that trehalose inhibited members of the SLC2A (also known as GLUT) family of glucose transporters. Trehalose-mediated inhibition of glucose transport induced AMPK (adenosine 5′-monophosphate–activated protein kinase)–dependent autophagy and regression of hepatic steatosis in vivo and a reduction in the accumulation of lipid droplets in primary murine hepatocyte cultures. Our data indicated that trehalose triggers beneficial cellular autophagy by inhibiting glucose transport.
Hypothalamic GLP-1: the control of BAT thermogenesis and browning of white fat

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized organ responsible for thermogenesis, a process required for maintaining body temperature. Since the discovery that BAT and brite/beige cells are functional in adult humans, many studies have been focusing on the physiology and functionality of this organ. The brain is controlling the maintenance of body temperature through a complex neuronal network. One of the candidates to modulate thermogenesis at central level is glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), with GLP-1 receptors widely expressed throughout the brain. Our group has recently reported that stimulation of brain GLP-1 receptors in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus is essential for the activation not only of BAT thermogenesis, but also browning of white fat. Notably, both actions are mediated by specific inhibition of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In this commentary, we summarize the latest results on this topic, as well as the potential clinical relevance of the brain GLP-1 system to treat obesity.
Topic Concentration in Query Focused Summarization Datasets

Query-Focused Summarization (QFS) summarizes a document cluster in response to a specific input query. QFS algorithms must combine query relevance assessment, central content identification, and redundancy avoidance. Frustratingly, state of the art algorithms designed for QFS do not significantly improve upon generic summarization methods, which ignore query relevance, when evaluated on traditional QFS datasets. We hypothesize this lack of success stems from the nature of the dataset. We define a task-based method to quantify topic concentration in datasets, i.e., the ratio of sentences within the dataset that are relevant to the query, and observe that the DUC 2005, 2006 and 2007 datasets suffer from very high topic concentration. We introduce TD-QFS, a new QFS dataset with controlled levels of topic concentration. We compare competitive baseline algorithms on TD-QFS and report strong improvement in ROUGE performance for algorithms that properly model query relevance as opposed to generic summarizers. We further present three new and simple QFS algorithms, RelSum, ThresholdSum, and TFIDF-KLSum that outperform state of the art QFS algorithms on the TD-QFS dataset by a large margin.
A Rapidly Progressive Proptosis, a Case Report

In contrast to intraocular metastases, orbital metastases are a rare manifestation of systemic malignancies; such orbital metastases account for only 1% - 13% of all orbital tumors. Such tumors grow rapidly; they may undergo necrosis, as the rate of tumor angiogenesis cannot keep pace with the rapidly expanding mass. Here, we report a rare case of an orbital metastasis from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma.