Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cirugía de epilepsia: experiencia en el Hospital de Clínicas de Montevideo

La epilepsia es una de las afecciones neurologicas mas frecuentes. Su tratamiento quirurgico es una alternativa de eficacia demostrada para un grupo seleccionado de pacientes refractarios a la terapeutica farmacologica. Los resultados dependen de un adecuado algoritmo de estudio, un enfoque multidisciplinario del paciente, una seleccion apropiada de la tecnica quirurgica y de la experiencia del neurocirujano. En el presente trabajo se comunica la experiencia desarrollada por el Programa de Cirugia de Epilepsia, Instituto de Neurologia, Hospital de Clinicas. En el periodo entre abril de 1999 y octubre de 2004 se evaluaron 64 pacientes, confirmandose en 53 de ellos el diagnostico de una epilepsia refractaria al tratamiento farmacologico. Todos los pacientes que completaron su evaluacion y fueron definidos como candidatos quirurgicos con buen pronostico funcional posoperatorio fueron sometidos a cirugia por epilepsia. Los procedimientos quirurgicos utilizados en los 15 pacientes intervenidos en nuestro centro fueron lesionectomia (cavernomas, tumores), reseccion de estructuras temporales mesiales y una hemisferectomia funcional. La evolucion posoperatoria, con un seguimiento promedio de 23 meses, muestra un grupo de siete pacientes libres de crisis, al que se agregan seis pacientes con una drastica reduccion en el numero de las mismas. La experiencia preliminar de nuestro grupo arroja un balance favorable, mostrando la factibilidad de desarrollar programas de alta especializacion y tecnologia en nuestro medio.
Comparison of ploidy level screening methods in watermelon : Citrullus lanatus ( Thunb

Direct (chromosome counting) and indirect (flow cytometry, stomatal size, chloroplast number of the guard cells and morphological observations) methods were tested in order to determine the ploidy levels of haploid and diploid watermelon plants of the cultivars Sugar Baby and Halep Karasi. The results revealed that all the techniques tested can be used successfully. It was determined that while counting chromosomes is cumbersome, producing plants for morphological observations requires a long time and flow cytometry is expensive and labour intensive. On the other hand, measurement of stomata and chloroplast counting methods are simple to use are less labour intensive and hence can be considered a practical alternative to the others. The data for the stomata in the haploids were length, 17±18 mm; diameter, 10±12 mm and number of chloroplasts of the guard cells, 6±7 and in the diploids they were 23±24 mm, 18 mm and 11±12, respectively. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections in older children with cystic fibrosis

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has been isolated from children with acute respiratory infection worldwide. Its epidemiology remains to be defined in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). We describe the epidemiology and clinical impact of hMPV in CF children and compared it to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Características psicométricas de la Escala de Adherencia al Tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo II-Versión III (EATDM-III©) en una muestra de pacientes diabéticos de Costa Rica

Se probo la Escala de Adherencia al Tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo II-version III (EATDM-III©), la cual estaba compuesta por los factores Apoyo Familiar, la Organizacion y Apoyo Comunal, el Ejercicio Fisico, el Control Medico, el Higiene y Autocuidado, la Dieta y la Valoracion de la Condicion Fisica. La investigacion se realizo en el Hospital Dr. Rafael Angel Calderon Guardia, Costa Rica, n=104 personas de ambos sexos, durante los meses de febrero-marzo de 2006. El instrumento demostro una confi abilidad alta (a=0,88). Se obtuvieron correlaciones signifi cativas entre cada factor y en la relacion factores-Escala total. La EATDM-III© es un instrumento valioso para medir la adherencia al tratamiento en personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo II.
Human Beta Interferon Scaffold Attachment Region Inhibits De Novo Methylation and Confers Long-Term, Copy Number-Dependent Expression to a Retroviral Vector

ABSTRACT Moloney murine leukemia virus-based retroviral vector expression is gradually lost during prolonged in vitro culture of CEMSS T cells. However, when the human beta interferon scaffold attachment region (IFN-SAR) was inserted into the vector immediately upstream of the 3′ long terminal repeat (LTR), expression was maintained for the length of the study (4 months). Clonal analysis of the retrovirus vector-infected CEMSS cells showed that SAR-containing retroviral vector expression levels were positively correlated with the proviral copy numbers (P < 0.0001), while there was no correlation between the proviral copy numbers and expression levels in control vector-infected clones. Thirty-three percent of the CEMSS cell clones infected with the control vector showed evidence of partial or complete methylation in the 5′ LTR region. In sharp contrast, we detected no methylation in the clones infected with the SAR-containing vector. To demonstrate a direct inhibitory effect of methylation on retroviral vector expression, we have transfected 293 cells with in vitro-methylated proviral DNA. In transiently transfected cells, expression of methylated LTR was reduced but not completely inhibited, irrespective of the presence of the IFN-SAR sequence. In stably transfected cells, however, methylation completely abolished expression of the control vector but not of the SAR-containing vector. Furthermore, the expression of the SAR-containing vector was stable over time, indicating the ability of the SAR sequence to alleviate methylation-mediated transcriptional repression of a vector. This study extends our understanding of the mechanisms of retroviral vector inactivation by methylation and provides insight into a functional role for the SAR elements.
Bacteriophage Latent-Period Evolution as a Response to Resource Availability

ABSTRACT Bacteriophages (phages) modify microbial communities by lysing hosts, transferring genetic material, and effecting lysogenic conversion. To understand how natural communities are affected it is important to develop predictive models. Here we consider how variation between models—in eclipse period, latent period, adsorption constant, burst size, the handling of differences in host quantity and host quality, and in modeling strategy—can affect predictions. First we compare two published models of phage growth, which differ primarily in terms of how they model the kinetics of phage adsorption; one is a computer simulation and the other is an explicit calculation. At higher host quantities (∼108 cells/ml), both models closely predict experimentally determined phage population growth rates. At lower host quantities (107 cells/ml), the computer simulation continues to closely predict phage growth rates, but the explicit model does not. Next we concentrate on predictions of latent-period optima. A latent-period optimum is the latent period that maximizes the population growth of a specific phage growing in the presence of a specific quantity and quality of host cells. Both models predict similar latent-period optima at higher host densities (e.g., 17 min at 108 cells/ml). At lower host densities, however, the computer simulation predicts latent-period optima that are much shorter than those suggested by explicit calculations (e.g., 90 versus 1,250 min at 105 cells/ml). Finally, we consider the impact of host quality on phage latent-period evolution. By taking care to differentiate latent-period phenotypic plasticity from latent-period evolution, we argue that the impact of host quality on phage latent-period evolution may be relatively small.
The solution structure and DNA-binding properties of the cold-shock domain of the human Y-box protein YB-1.

The human Y-box protein 1 (YB-1) is a member of the Y-box protein family, a class of proteins involved in transcriptional and translational regulation of a wide range of genes. Here, we report the solution structure of the cold-shock domain (CSD) of YB-1, which is thought to be responsible for nucleic acid binding. It is the first structure solved of a eukaryotic member of the cold-shock protein family and consists of a closed five-stranded anti-parallel beta-barrel capped by a long flexible loop. The structure of CSD is similar to the OB-fold and a comparison with bacterial cold-shock proteins shows that its structural properties are conserved from bacteria to man. Our data suggest the presence of a DNA-binding site consisting of a patch of positively charged and aromatic residues on the surface of the beta-barrel. Further, it is shown that CSD, which has a preference for binding single-stranded pyrimidine-rich sequences, binds weakly and hardly specifically to DNA. Binding affinities reported for intact YB-1 indicate that domains other than the CSD play a role in DNA binding of YB-1.
Is a detailed grading of villous atrophy necessary for the diagnosis of enteropathy?

Aims The utility of the 7 level Marsh–Oberhuber classification of mucosal damage in patients with coeliac disease has recently been criticised. Analysis of duodenal biopsies with dissecting microscopy is an unsophisticated method that, however, provides useful information in cases of frank villous atrophy. In the last 15 years, we have always analysed duodenal biopsies with dissecting microscopy before sending them to the pathology department for histology. If the results of dissecting microscopy and traditional histology were comparable, we feel that would be strong evidence that grading of the histological lesion would be unnecessary if not pointless in the everyday diagnosis of enteropathies. Methods The clinical notes of all 2075 patients undergoing duodenal biopsy between September 1999 and June 2015 were retrospectively analysed. Results of duodenal mucosal evaluation with both dissecting microscopy and traditional histology were collected and statistically compared. Results The κ statistics showed a substantial agreement of the two methods (κ statistics 0.78). Sensitivity of dissecting microscopy for detection of severe villous atrophy was 85.1% (95% CI 81.2% to 88.5%) and specificity was 95% (95% CI 93.8% to 96%). Conclusions Although dissecting microscopy is an unsophisticated method that obviously cannot substitute traditional histology, our results suggest that in everyday clinical practice, the diagnosis of coeliac disease and other flat enteropathies does not require grading of villous atrophy.
La preeclampsia un problema de salud pública mundial

La preeclampsia es un problema de salud publica y una de las principales causas de muerte materna. La prevalencia oscila entre 1,8-16,7%. La causa sigue desconocida y se asocia a problemas de salud importantes, existiendo muchos retos para la prediccion, prevencion y tratamiento. Las medidas profilacticas como dosis baja de aspirina y suplementos de calcio, requieren mayor evidencia para uso rutinario. El control prenatal, diagnostico oportuno, manejo adecuado, y parto son las medidas mas eficaces para disminuir la tasa de mortalidad por esta causa. Los factores sociales y de atencion medica oportuna deben prevalecer en la poblacion, sin embargo, estos son limitados en poblaciones marginadas sin acceso a servicios medicos. Podemos concluir que los sistemas de salud de todas las poblaciones deben identificar y asistir medicamente a las mujeres que estan en mayor riesgo de desarrollar preeclampsia por la importante carga economica mundial que demanda esta enfermedad.
Un marco cualitativo para la recolección y análisis de datos en la investigación basada en grupos focales

A pesar de la gran cantidad de material publicado sobre la realizacion de grupos focales, existe poca informacion en la investigacion de las ciencias sociales sobre como analizar los datos que estos generan. Por lo tanto, los autores ofrecen un nuevo marco cualitativo para la recoleccion y analisis de los datos obtenidos de los grupos focales. Primero, identifican los tipos de datos que pueden ser recolectados durante un grupo focal. Segundo, identifican las tecnicas de analisis de datos cualitativos que mas se ajustan al analisis de este tipo especifico de datos. Tercero, introducen lo que llaman microanalisis del interlocutor, en donde se recolecta, analiza e interpreta informacion meticulosa sobre cuestiones tales como: cual participante responde a cada pregunta, el orden en que responde cada uno de ellos, las caracteristicas de las respuestas, el tipo de comunicacion no verbal que utilizan y otras cosas similares. Por otra parte, los autores conceptualizan acerca del analisis de la conversacion, el cual tiene un gran potencial para el analisis de los datos en grupos focales. Para ellos, su marco va mucho mas alla del mero analisis de la comunicacion verbal de los integrantes del grupo, aumentando de esa manera el rigor de los analisis de los grupos focales en la investigacion de las ciencias sociales. Nota: Originalmente publicado en International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8 (3), (2009), 1-21. © 2009 Onwuegbuzie. Traducido al espanol por Carolina Carter para Paradigmas con permiso de los titulares de los derechos de autor. Toda reproduccion adicional esta prohibida.
Comportamiento fisiológico de variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) bajo condiciones de sequia

En las regiones montanosas andinas de Tiraque, Cochabamba, Bolivia y en dos anos consecutivos se evaluaron seis variedades de papa contrastantes en su tolerancia a la sequia, en condiciones semi-controladas usando pequenos contenedores apropiados para la siembra y bajo una cubierta tipo tinglado que sirvio de resguardo de la lluvia. El objetivo fue identificar parametros fisiologicos en la papa que sean sensibles a la sequia y que esten asociados con la productividad del cultivo. Se aplicaron tres regimenes de agua: R0 = riego a capacidad de campo (testigo), R1 = sequia al inicio de la tuberizacion (sequia temprana) y R2 = sequia a un mes del inicio de la tuberizacion (sequia tardia). Se ha observado que los parametros fisiologicos Resistencia Difusiva Estomatal (RDE), Transpiracion, Potencial Hidrico Foliar (PHF) y Contenido Relativo de Agua Foliar (CRAF), fueron muy variables entre las variedades estudiadas. La sequia aumento la RDE y redujo el PHF, la Transpiracion y el CRAF de todas las variedades. En condiciones de sequia existe una relacion inversa entre RDE y Transpiracion, RDE y PHF y una relacion directa entre PHF y CRAF. De todas las variedades estudiadas, destaca Luk’y porque mantiene una baja transpiracion aun en condiciones de RDEs bajas, presenta bajas tasas de transpiracion y reduce en menor medida su CRAF. Este comportamiento expresa que su capacidad de regulacion del agua es distinta al resto de las variedades. Los mecanismos fisiologicos mas asociados con el rendimiento del cultivo de papa son la RDE, la Transpiracion y el PHF.
In Vitro Apatite Induction by Phosphophoryn Immobilized on Modified Collagen Fibrils

Noncollagenous phosphoproteins that interact with type I collagen are thought to nucleate the mineral phase to collagen network of mineralized tissues. Previously, we found that phosphophoryn cross‐linked to type I collagen was an effective nucleator of apatite. Here, we investigated the potential role of collagen telopeptide structure on this nucleation. We used pepsin and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to modify the telopeptide region and reducible cross‐links in the collagen fibrils and determined the effect on mineral induction by phosphophoryn cross‐linked to it. The amount of phosphophoryn cross‐linked to NaBH4‐reduced collagen fibrils was higher than that to intact (unmodified) collagen fibrils. However, the amount of phosphophoryn cross‐linked to collagen that lacked the telopeptides (atelocollagen) was 25% of that cross‐linked to intact collagen fibrils. Each preparation was incubated at 37°C in metastable calcium phosphate solutions that did not spontaneously precipitate. Apatite was induced by phosphophoryn cross‐linked to intact collagen fibrils at 15.0 h whereas phosphophoryn cross‐linked to reduced collagen fibrils induced apatite formation after 10.9 h. Enough phosphophoryn was cross‐linked to atelocollagen to induce mineral formation, but it did not. The failure of the phosphophoryn‐atelocollagen complex to nucleate mineral might have been caused by a cross‐linking pattern in the helical portion of the collagen molecule that did not promote the growth of the calcium‐phosphate clusters into nuclei. The present study indicates that the telopeptide domains of type I collagen play a role in the interaction with phosphophoryn, which is critical for the nucleation process.
Sub-Hexagonal Centre PWM with variable switching sequence for dual inverter

This paper deals with a Sub-Hexagonal Centre PWM (SHCPWM) with variable switching sequence for a topology based on cascaded connection of two converters, so called dual inverter. The SHCPWM is enhanced to consider the last IGBT switching state representing the previous space vector and to balance and reduce power losses among the transistors. The proposed method is compared with the known SHCPWM with the fixed switching sequence by series of simulations and experiments on a laboratory drive according to evaluation of total power losses, maximal IGBT power losses and output voltage total harmonic distortion (THDu).
Low-Standby-Power Bulk MOSFET Design Using High-$k$  Trench Isolation

High-permittivity trench isolation (HTI) is proposed as a means to achieve low off-state leakage current without a high-aspect-ratio or ultrathin body structure. The HTI provides for improved capacitive coupling between the gate and the active region sidewalls, which allows the steep-retrograde body-doping profile to be recessed while suppressing short-channel effects. The result is a lower body-doping concentration at the drain junction, resulting in ~ 10times lower band-to-band tunneling leakage than for a conventional bulk MOSFET design.
Self-formation of sub-10 nm nanogaps based on silicidation

We have developed a simple and reliable method for the fabrication of sub-10 nm wide nanogaps. The self-formed nanogap is based on the stoichiometric solid-state reaction between metal and silicon atoms during the silicidation process. The nanogap width is determined by the metal layer thickness. Our proposed method can produce symmetric and asymmetric electrode nanogaps, as well as multiple nanogaps within one unique process step, for potential application to biological/chemical sensors and nanoelectronics, such as resistive switches, storage devices, and vacuum channel transistors. This method provides high throughput and it is suitable for large-scale production.
Cell Cycle Control: A Complex Issue

Do p27Kip1 and p21Cip1 function as activators or inhibitors of D cyclin-cdk4 activity? Attempts to answer this question and thus to understand how cdk4—a key cell cycle regulator—becomes active have produced conflicting data. In this perspective, we summarize the results of studies addressing the effects of p27Kip1 and p21Cip1 on the assembly and activation of D cyclin-cdk4 complexes. Emphasis is placed on our experimental findings, which support a model of cell cycle control in which p27Kip1 and p21Cip1 stabilize D cyclin-cdk4 complexes but inhibit D cyclin-cdk4 activity.
DNA damage regulates direct association of TOR kinase with the RNA polymerase II–transcribed HMO1 gene

In yeast, Hmo1p is important for communicating target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase activity to downstream targets. Results show that TOR kinase controls expression of the HMO1 gene and that an important component of this regulation is its direct association with the HMO1 gene. The implications are that TOR kinase may have more elaborate nuclear functions.
Glycoproteins in the Buccal Epithelium of a Carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Pisces, Cyprinidae): A Histochemical Profile

Glycoproteins (GPs) were visualized histochemically in the secretory cells – the mucous goblet cells (the type A and the type B), the rodlet cells and the epithelial cells in different regions of the buccal cavity of Cirrhinus mrigala. The type A mucous goblet cells, the type B mucous goblet cells, the rodlet cells and the epithelial cells elaborate GPs with oxidizable vicinal diols and GPs with sialic acid residue without O‐acyl substitution. The type A mucous goblet cells, in addition, contain moderate amounts of GPs with O‐sulphate esters. The type B mucous goblet cells, in contrast, contain high concentrations of GPs with O‐sulphate esters. The rodlet cells secrete small amounts of GPs with oxidizable vicinal diols. The analysis of the results elucidates interesting differences in the composition and concentration of GPs in the mucus elaborated by the secretory cells indicating the potential importance of the glycoproteins in the buccal cavity. These GPs could be considered to represent a mechanism for modulation of the composition of the protective mucus layer correlated to specific functions.
Regional cerebral blood volume measured by dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging in alzheimer's disease: A principal components analysis

Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI is an alternative to positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for the evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with Alzheimer's disease. DSC MRI allows the construction of high resolution images of cerebral blood volume (CBV) without the use of radionuclides or ionizing radiation. In this study, DSC MRI data were collected from 16 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease and 16 age‐matched control subjects. Characteristic patterns of regional CBV variation were found using principal component analysis. Three such patterns were identified: a global variation pattern, an anterior‐to‐posterior CBV gradient, and a temporoparietal pattern. Group differences in the principal component scores associated with the global and temporoparietal patterns (P = .08 and P = .007, respectively) suggest that these deficits reflect characteristic CBV abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease. Using only these two scores, the Alzheimer's disease group was classified with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 88%. Additionally, disease severity, as measured by the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), was correlated significantly with the third principal component score (Pearson's r = .50, P = .05).
Molecular Epidemiology of Hemoglobinopathies in Cambodia

Abstract Determining the magnitude of the thalassemia problem in a country is important for implementing a national prevention and control program. In order to acquire accurate thalassemia prevalence data, the gene frequency of α- and β-thalassemia (α- and β-thal) in different regions of a country should be determined. The molecular basis of thalassemia in Cambodia was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques in a community-based cross-sectional survey of 1631 unrelated individuals from three regions, Battambang, Preah Vihear and Phnom Penh. Thalassemia mutations were detected in 62.7% of the three studied population of Cambodia. Hb E (HBB: c.79G > A) was the most common β-globin gene mutation with a frequency ranging from 0.139 to 0.331, while the most frequent α-globin gene mutation was the –α3. 7 (rightward) deletion (0.098–0.255). The other frequencies were 0.001–0.003 for β-thal, 0.008–0.011 for α-thal-1 (– –SEA), 0.003-0.008 for α-thal-2 [–α4. 2 (leftward deletion)], 0.021–0.044 for Hb Constant Spring (Hb CS, HBA2: c.427T > C) and 0.009–0.036 for Hb Paksé (HBA2: c.429A > T). A regional specific thalassemia gene frequency was observed. Preah Vihear had the highest prevalence of Hb E (55.9%), α-thal-2 (24.0%) and nondeletional α-thal (15.1%), whereas Phnom Penh had the lowest frequency of thalassemia genes. Interestingly, in Preah Vihear, the frequency of Hb Paksé was extremely high (0.036), almost equivalent to that of Hb CS (0.044). Our results indicate the importance of micromapping and epidemiology studies of thalassemia, which will assist in establishing the national prevention and control program in Cambodia.