Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manipulating angiogenesis in medicine

Blood vessels nourish organs with vital nutrients and oxygen and, thus, new vessels form when the embryo needs to grow or wounds are to heal. However, forming new blood vessels is a complex and delicate process, which, unfortunately, is often derailed. Thus, when insufficient vessels form, the tissue becomes ischaemic and stops to function adequately. Conversely, when vessels grow excessively, malignant and inflamed tissues grow faster. It is now becoming increasingly evident that abnormal vessel growth contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous malignant, ischaemic, inflammatory, infectious and immune disorders. With an in‐depth molecular understanding, we should be better armamented to combat such angiogenic disorders in the future. That such therapeutic strategies might change the face of medicine is witnessed by initial evidence of success in the clinic.
Fractional Flow Reserve‐Guided Multivessel Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction

BACKGROUND In patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to restore blood flow in an infarct‐related coronary artery improves outcomes. The use of PCI in non‐infarct‐related coronary arteries remains controversial. METHODS We randomly assigned 885 patients with STEMI and multivessel disease who had undergone primary PCI of an infarct‐related coronary artery in a 1:2 ratio to undergo complete revascularization of non‐infarct‐related coronary arteries guided by fractional flow reserve (FFR) (295 patients) or to undergo no revascularization of non‐infarct‐related coronary arteries (590 patients). The FFR procedure was performed in both groups, but in the latter group, both the patients and their cardiologist were unaware of the findings on FFR. The primary end point was a composite of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, revascularization, and cerebrovascular events at 12 months. Clinically indicated elective revascularizations performed within 45 days after primary PCI were not counted as events in the group receiving PCI for an infarct‐related coronary artery only. RESULTS The primary outcome occurred in 23 patients in the complete‐revascularization group and in 121 patients in the infarct‐artery‐only group that did not receive complete revascularization, a finding that translates to 8 and 21 events per 100 patients, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22 to 0.55; P<0.001). Death occurred in 4 patients in the complete‐revascularization group and in 10 patients in the infarct‐artery‐only group (1.4% vs. 1.7%) (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.25 to 2.56), myocardial infarction in 7 and 28 patients, respectively (2.4% vs. 4.7%) (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.13), revascularization in 18 and 103 patients (6.1% vs. 17.5%) (hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.54), and cerebrovascular events in 0 and 4 patients (0 vs. 0.7%). An FFR‐related serious adverse event occurred in 2 patients (both in the group receiving infarct‐related treatment only). CONCLUSIONS In patients with STEMI and multivessel disease who underwent primary PCI of an infarct‐related artery, the addition of FFR‐guided complete revascularization of non‐infarct‐related arteries in the acute setting resulted in a risk of a composite cardiovascular outcome that was lower than the risk among those who were treated for the infarct‐related artery only. This finding was mainly supported by a reduction in subsequent revascularizations. (Funded by Maasstad Cardiovascular Research and others; Compare‐Acute ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01399736.)
An architecture for Web-enabled engineering applications based on lightweight high performance CORBA

Many scientific and engineering computer applications are computationally intensive. These applications are generally hosted on powerful servers, often multi-processor or cluster configurations. Engineers typically login to these servers and launch these applications through shell commands or scripts. When multiple engineering applications need to run in a design experiment flow, a complicated script in languages like PERL is needed. For long-running jobs, the user has to continuously check job status to learn when results can be accessed. Furthermore, special software is needed for a user to remotely login to the computation servers and the user must know on which machine an application of interest resides. This paper describes "Engineering Computing Portal, " an architecture and its implementation for simplifying the use of scientific and engineering applications using Web technology and lightweight high performance CORBA technology.
State of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries with unknown model parameters

In this paper, a scheme for estimating the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries is proposed based on an battery equivalent circuit model. The equivalent circuit model is simplified and the model parameters are treated as unknown values here. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is designed to online estimate the model parameters and SOC of the battery with a saturation algorithm complemented to keep the estimation of the parameters in a suitable compact subset to improve the estimation performance. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Edaravone Inhibits DNA Peroxidation and Neuronal Cell Death in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Model Rat

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most frequent neurologic disease in the perinatal period. Its major cause is oxidative stress, which induces DNA peroxidation and apoptotic neuronal death. We examined 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) expression to evaluate brain damage in neonatal HIE and the therapeutic effect of edaravone, a free radical scavenger. Using HPLC and immunohistochemistry, the 8-OHdG levels of neonatal HIE model Sprague-Dawley rats that were subjected to left common carotid artery ligation and 2-h hypoxia significantly increased after 24–48 h of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult, but decreased after 72 h. Moreover, the number of apoptotic cells with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and karyorrhexis significantly increased after 24–72 h of HI insult. In a therapeutic experiment, edaravone was administered i.p. (9 mg/kg) after HI insult every 24 h. Edaravone reduced both the apoptotic neuronal cell number and 8-OHdG expression after 24–48 h of HI. From a double immunofluorescent study, DNA peroxidation occurred in apoptotic neuronal cells with 8-OHdG expression. Edaravone may inhibit the number of apoptotic neuronal cells and 8-OHdG expression within 48 h after HI insult.
Reverse-transcriptase-associated RNaseH activity mediates template switching during reverse transcription in vitro

During the first steps of reverse transcription of the retroviral genome, sequences present at the extremities of the RNA are used to reconstitute a host cell Pol II promoter. The assembly of the promoter occurs by template switching, which takes advantage of a direct repeat at the ends of the RNA molecule. These steps are catalysed by the viral reverse transcriptase, which carries an intrinsic RNaseH activity that is probably also involved therein. To study the role of the RNaseH activity in this first template-switching event, an in vitro system has been developed based on primer extensions of synthetic RNAs. When an RNA was reverse transcribed with wild-type reverse transcriptase in the presence of a second RNA the 3′ part of which was repeated at the 5′ end of the first one, extension products could be observed corresponding to a chimeric cDNA comprising both RNA species. This template switching could not be detected when a mutant reverse transcriptase lacking the RNaseH activity was used. The results show that the RNaseH activity is needed to remove the 5′ RNA sequences from the cDNA : RNA hybrid thereby enabling its translocation to another RNA containing an appropriate complementary target sequence.
Hexagonal Closed Packed CoPtRu Alloy as a Buffer Layer Material for Promoting Heteroepitaxial Growth for Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Media

Crystal structure and magnetic properties for Co–Pt–Ru alloy films and Co–Pt–Ru–oxide granular films were investigated for material to reduce the lattice mismatch between the magnetic layer and the nuclei control layer of the perpendicular magnetic recording media. The laminate stacking structure of the sample was sub/NiFeCr (20 nm)/Ru (20 nm)/Co–Pt–Ru (20 nm). The amount of stacking faults in the films was evaluated as a probability of occurrence of fcc stacking, P<sub>fcc</sub> measured by an in-plane X-ray diffractometry profile. As a result, it was found that: 1) hcp atomic stacking structures of the Co<sub>100–<italic>x</italic></sub>Ru<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> alloy films were stable compared with that of Co<sub>100–<italic>x</italic></sub>Pt<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> alloy films for almost all of the additional content x; 2) lattice constant a and c for Co–Pt–Ru ternary alloy film could be controlled between 2.51 to 2.59 Å, and 4.07 to 4.41 Å, as changing the Pt and Ru content with a total amount of 0 to 50 at. %, respectively. And the lattice constant ratio c/a decreased from 1.62 to 1.59 with increasing Ru content more than 20 at. %; 3) P<sub>fcc</sub> in the Co–Pt–Ru ternary alloy films was less than 0.5% for the samples with Ru content were more than 20 at. %; 4) uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy K<sub><italic>u</italic></sub> could be controlled from 12.6 to 0 10<sup>6</sup> erg/cm<sup>3</sup> by adding Pt and Ru with a total amount of 30 at. % to a Co<sub>75</sub>Pt<sub>25</sub> film; and 5) Co–Pt–Ru–(SiO<sub>2</sub>) film with the columnar structure was realized for Ar gas pressure of 4 Pa during sputtering.
The ozonation of unsaturated fatty acids: aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide as products and possible mediators of ozone toxicity.

The products of the reactions of ozone with aqueous emulsions of unsaturated fatty acids and with liposomes made from phosphatidylcholine esters were characterized. Ozonolysis of emulsions of methyl oleate yields approximately 1 mol of hydrogen peroxide and 2 mol of aldehydes per mole of ozone used and fatty acid reacted. That is, the net equation that occurs is RCH = CHR' + O3 + H2O----RCHO + R'CHO + H2O2 . Ozonolysis of emulsions of oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids gives 1 mol of hydrogen peroxide per mole of ozone used. Only very low yields (less than 5%) of reducible materials other than hydrogen peroxide are observed, suggesting that the yields of organic peroxidic materials, including Criegee ozonides and lipid hydroperoxides, are small. Ozonolysis of rat erythrocyte ghost membranes and rat bronchoalveolar lavage also gives significant yields (about 50%) of hydrogen peroxide based on the moles of ozone consumed. Reactions of ozone with bovine serum albumin, glutathione, and glucose do not produce hydrogen peroxide, implying that the hydrogen peroxide formed during the ozonation of biological materials arises almost exclusively from ozone/olefin reactions. Hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes are suggested to be important mediators of the modifications observed in both the lung and extrapulmonary tissues when ozone is inhaled.
Is the Effect of Alternative Medical Treatment Only a Placebo Effect?

A common assertion about alternative medical technologies is that their results are solely built upon the placebo effect. The reason for this assertion is due to the facts that the placebo effect is perceived as an irrational quantity, and that the placebo effect is considered unspecific. If it is possible to rehabilitate the placebo effect by interpreting it as a specific effect, what consequences would it have for school medicine and the view of certain alternative medical technologies? To answer these question it is necessary to investigate just what sort of phenomenon the placebo effect is, and what determines its dimensions.
NGOs and Academia and Democratization in Indonesia: How Has the Relationship Fared so Far?

Non state actors have played important role in facilitating and fostering democratization process in Indonesia. They have served as partners with the government in charting development, provide key basic services jointly and independently with the state, contributed to increasing public awareness of legal, political and economic rights, and in strengthening community development capacity. However, with the diminishing role of the state that in part is attributable to adoption of economic austerity policies, non-state actors have also, either knowingly or unwittingly or both, become conduits and agents of foreign influence in the archipelago economy and politics, at the central and sub national level. Problems that still loom large range from heavy reliance of foreign funding, lack of domestically grounded mechanisms, best practices, and benchmarks they use in conducting of activities, fragmentation, shortage of organizational leadership and management skills. It is a challenge and opportunity which civil society had to take if it is to remain relevant as an important element in the Indonesia democracy equation now and in future.
Clinical Outcome in Ischemic Stroke Predicted by Early Diffusion-Weighted and Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Preliminary Analysis

Perfusion and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can demonstrate, respectively, cerebral ischemia and ischemic brain injury in the first several hours after onset of symptoms, when proton density and T2-weighted MRI may appear normal. It is hypothesized that these techniques could distinguish regions destined for infarction from those that will not progress to infarction. We provide preliminary evidence from an analysis of 19 patients with severely disabling clinical deficits attributable to ischemia in at least an entire division of the middle cerebral artery, that initial perfusion and diffusion MRI were more accurate than conventional MRI in predicting no, partial or complete improvement—17 of 19 cases (p < 0.0001) versus 10 of 19 cases, respectively. In the subset of patients studied within 6 h of onset, diffusion/perfusion MRI was an even better predictor than conventional MRI—11 of 12 versus four of 12, respectively. In this small sample of patients with severe clinical deficits, perfusion and diffusion MRI were highly accurate in distinguishing those who would improve from those who would not. These results need to be confirmed in a larger prospective study, which may support a future role in the initial screening, selection, and evaluation of patients with stroke for acute pharmacologic interventions.
Biportal Endoscopic Removal of a Primary Intraventricular Hematoma: Case Report

Primary intraventricular hematomas account for approximately 6% of all intracerebral hematomas. If the clot blocks cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways, surgical intervention, which may be of different types, can be life-saving. In the case reported here, after careful preoperative planning the use of two rigid endoscopes permitted the removal of most of the intraventricular clot and restoration of CSF circulation by creation of a 3rd ventriculostomy within the same procedure and no later treatment was necessary. Repeated CT scans proved that only a small portion of the intraventricular clot remained in the ventricular system. The ventricular size normalised, and the patency of the artificial hole in the floor of the 3rd ventricle was demonstrated both by the rapidly improving clinical picture of the patient and by flow-sensitive MRI studies. For individuals who suffer primary intraventricular hemorrhage and later develop occlusive hydrocephalus, endoscopic removal of the clot and 3rd ventriculostomy might offer a more adequate treatment option than external ventricular drainage.
Helicobacter pylori: A Debated Factor in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is steadily decreasing in developing countries, and this has been paralleled by an increasing incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and of the esophagogastric junction. The prevalence of H. pylori infection, which is on the decline in Europe and in the United States, is probably related to improvements in sanitary conditions and socioeconomic status. These epidemiological data do not support a role for H. pylori in the pathogenesis of GERD, but at the same time suggest a negative association with the rising incidence in esophageal diseases. While H. pylori infection clearly does not cause GERD, it may protect certain susceptible individuals from the development of GERD and its complications. There are conflicting reports that GERD can develop after H. pylori eradication and that proton pump inhibitors are less effective in suppressing intragastric acidity in H. pylori negative patients – reasons not to eradicate H. pylori in GERD patients. On the contrary, other data suggest an increase in the development of atrophic gastritis in GERD patients (H. pylori positive) on long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy – a reason to eradicate H. pylori. Preexisting lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction, susceptibility to GERD, unmasking of latent GERD, and patterns and severity of gastritis may be important factors contributing to the development of GERD rather than just the presence or absence of infection with H. pylori.
Sources of failures and yield improvement for VLSI and restructurable interconnects for RVLSI and WSI: Part I&#8212;Sources of failures and yield improvement for VLSI

Redundancy of both logic circuits and interconnections is the core principle of both RVLSI (Restructurable or Fault-Tolerant VLSI) and WSI (Wafer Scale Integration). For varying complexity and sizes of circuits different factors of redundancy are required. Effective use of redundancy requires understanding of the failures and failure modes at different stages of the processing and lifetime of VLSI and WSI circuits. This paper consists of two parts. In Part I, sources of failures for MOS devices are discussed. Manifestations of physical failures are described. Use of redundancy for the yield improvement of VLSI circuits is explored through the use of a mathematical model. It is shown that interconnection density and pattern complexities around each section determines the effectiveness of yield improvement. In Part II (to be published in a forthcoming issue), programmable interconnect technologies are described to facilitate restructuring of VLSI and WSI circuits, in this case as they apply to yield improvement through the use of redundancy.
Comparative Statics of General Equilibrium Asset Prices

I study comparative statics of asset prices in a representative-agent model where dividends are vector-geometric Brownian motions. Due to wealth eects, the equilibrium relative price of a security may vary with the current realization of a component of the Brownian vector even when its dividend is independent of that component. I examine analytically an element of wealth eects that has hitherto been ignored by the literature. Changes in wealth do not operate only through changes in risk aversion. They alter also the riskiness of a security by changing the correlation between its payo and the marginal utility of equilibrium consumption. This enhances the extent to which market-clearing leads to endogenously-generated correlation across asset prices and returns, over and above that induced by correlation between payos, giving the appearance of \contagion". I also establish a necessary and sucient condition for the securities market to be dynamically complete when it is potentially so. It applies for any utility function of the representative agent.
Control of the exo and endo pathways of the Diels-Alder reaction by antibody catalysis.

Catalytic antibodies that control the reaction pathways of the Diels-Alder cycloaddition have been generated. One antibody catalyzes the favored endo and the other the disfavored exo pathway to yield the respective cis and trans adducts in enantiomerically pure form. A comparison of the x-ray structure of the hapten with the calculated geometry of the transition structure showed that [2.2. 2] bicyclic compounds are excellent mimics of the transition state of the Diels-Alder reaction. To achieve catalysis and the high degree of stereoselectivity shown here, the antibody must simultaneously control the conformation of the individual reactants and their relation to each other. In the case of the disfavored process, binding energy must be used to reroute the reaction along a higher energy pathway. The rerouting of reaction pathways has become a major focus of antibody catalysis and other disfavored reactions can be expected to be catalyzed so long as the energy barrier is not extreme. The energy requirements needed for absolute control of all of the stereoisomers of many Diels-Alder reactions fall in the energy range (approximately 20 kilocalories per mole) deliverable by antibody binding.
The evidence regarding the drugs used for ventricular rate control.

OBJECTIVE Our goal was to determine what drugs are most efficacious for controlling the ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation. SEARCH STRATEGY We conducted a systematic review of the literature published before May 1998, beginning with searches of The Cochrane Collaboration's CENTRAL database and MEDLINE. SELECTION CRITERIA We included English-language articles describing randomized controlled trials of drugs used for heart rate control in adults with atrial fibrillation. DATA COLLECTION/ANALYSIS Abstracts of trials were reviewed independently by 2 members of the study team. We reviewed English-language abstracts of non-English-language publications to assess qualitative consistency with our results. MAIN RESULTS Forty-five articles evaluating 17 drugs met our criteria for review. In the 5 trials of verapamil and 5 of diltiazem, heart rate was reduced significantly (P <.05), both at rest and with exercise, compared with placebo, with equivalent or improved exercise tolerance in 6 of 7 comparisons. In 7 of 12 comparisons of a beta-blocker with placebo, the beta-blocker was efficacious for control of resting heart rate, with evidence that the effect is drug specific, as nadolol and atenolol proved to be most efficacious. All 9 comparisons demonstrated good heart rate control with beta-blockers during exercise, although exercise tolerance was compromised in 3 of 9 comparisons. In 7 of 8 trials, digoxin administered alone slowed the resting heart rate more than placebo, but it did not significantly slow the rate during exercise in 4 studies. The trials evaluating other drugs yielded insufficient evidence to support their use, but those drugs may yet be promising. CONCLUSIONS The calcium-channel blockers verapamil or diltiazem, or select beta-blockers are efficacious for heart rate control at rest and during exercise for patients with atrial fibrillation without a clinically important decrease in exercise tolerance. Digoxin is useful when rate control during exercise is less a concern.
The pay-per-use revolution in the internet world

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to assess the spread of internet use and the pay‐per‐use system.Design/methodology/approach – Presents the active debate with regard to “pay‐per‐use” for internet access, and pays particular consideration to the progress and propects of pay‐per‐use in Korea.Findings – Although the trend is towards a pay‐per‐use system, the Korean Government has concerns about a pay‐per‐use system.Originality/value – Indicates that transformation into pay‐per‐use will require a dramatic revolution and a change in the internet service indudustry.