Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vocal cord paralysis, synkinesis and vocal fold motion impairment

for a change in terminology to describe the clinical variations in vocal cord paralysis. Crumley differentiates four clinical types of the condition, although has not personally seen a type IV, nor does he provide diagrammatic, photographic or motion picture documentation of any. Rightly he attributes the clinical variations to the random pathways of the nerve fibre regeneration in the injured recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). The impossibility of selective intrinsic laryngeal muscle denervation was demonstrated as long ago as 1952 in the classical serial section studies of the RLN by the late Sir Sidney Sunderland. 3 Even so, Crumley perpetuates the myth of an abductor branch of the RLN as its first motor branch, also described in Hollinshead’s Anatomy for Surgeons . 4
Sharing in Private and Public Situations: does this really Matter for Children?

Abstract The goal of the present study was to examine the influence of social context in young children’s sharing behavior. Sixty-three children, aged between 3 and 8 years, participated in a dictator game in which they were requested to distribute stickers between themselves and an anonymous child. Results showed that the quantities the participants expected to receive were greater than those which were distributed to the others, t(63) = –6, 28, p < . 01. Moreover, older participants shared more stickers when they were being observed than when they allocated stickers alone (p = .001, ηp 2 = .30). It is believed that increasing age leads to a greater respect for the societal rule of equity. These results are discussed in light of previous studies on sharing behavior during childhood.
Non-invasive measurement of adrenal response after standardized exercise tests in prepubertal children

Abstract Objective: To determine the feasibility of non-invasive evaluation of adrenal response in healthy prepubertal children by standardized exercise tests. Methods: On separate occasions, healthy prepubertal children performed a submaximal cycling test, a maximal cycling test, and a 20-m shuttle-run test. Salivary cortisol levels were determined before exercise, and 1 and 15 min after exercise. Results: Immediately after cessation of the cycling and shuttle-run tests, salivary cortisol levels remained unchanged or decreased. Fifteen minutes after the shuttle-run test, salivary cortisol levels increased significantly. This increase in salivary cortisol levels was not observed 15 min after the cessation of the cycling tests. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate a different response in salivary cortisol levels after standardized cycling and running tests in prepubertal children. The increase in salivary cortisol levels found after a short standardized running test suggests that this may be a practical non-invasive method for evaluating adrenal response in healthy prepubertal children.
Differentiated products combination pricing strategy in supply chain

The pricing strategy of differentiated products in supply chain was studied in the paper. Firstly, we developed a two-stage differentiated products supply chain model. By building Nash game model, we got the Nash equilibrium solution to manufacturer and retailer's product pricing strategy. The existence of the unique Nash equilibrium solution was proved. By using numerical simulation to analyze the combination pricing strategy of differentiated products, we got the laws of changes in combination pricing strategy, manufacturer's profits and retailer's profits with the variety of product cost, management cost, and the parameters of market demand. The result is consistent with economics principle.
How do weather extremes affect rice productivity in a changing climate? An answer to episodic lack of sunshine

Here, we experimentally examined how an episodic lack of sunshine (ELS), as an extreme weather event, would affect rice productivity under warming with elevated [CO2]. In 2009 and 2010, rice plants were grown at two levels of [CO2] (ca. 390 and 650 μl l−1) and three levels of warming (≈ambient, +1.2 °C, and +2.2/2.4 °C) in six independent temperature gradient field chambers (three each for ambient and elevated [CO2]). At panicle initiation (PI), booting (BT), or flowering (FL), rice plants were exposed to ELS (ca. 18% of full sunlight) for 10–14 days consecutively. As expected, ELS elicited a significant reduction in aboveground biomass (AGB) and yields. However, elevated [CO2] had the potential to relieve the ELS‐induced reduction in AGB and yield, whereas warming had the reverse effect for yields, without a significant warming × [CO2] interaction. When ELS applied at PI, BT, and FL, the extents to which warming‐reduced yields (averaged across [CO2] levels) ranged from 9 to 25%, 7 to 14, and 10 to 18% at +1.2 °C, and ranged from 24 to 56%, 22 to 55%, and 18 to 46% at +2.2/2.4 °C across two seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, under normal sunshine they ranged from 1 to 3% at +1.2 °C and 7 to 21% at +2.2/2.4 °C. Warming predisposed rice plants that had experienced ELS to be more sensitive to spikelet sterility and spikelet number per panicle, accounting for most of the yield reductions. These findings provide evidence that an expected warming could further exacerbate rice productivity if ELS occurs simultaneously during reproductive stages. Our results collectively suggest that it might be critically important to consider extreme events for a holistic evaluation of the potential impact of warming and [CO2] on crop productivity, when considering changing climate.
Optimal processing of an impulse radio signal subjected to narrow band interference

Ultra wide band (UWB) links are inherently subject to narrowband interference (NBI) from other narrowband communication links. An UWB receiver architecture that is proven effective in mitigating NBI sources is the analog filter bank (AFB) followed by a generalized matched filter (GMF) processing as introduced in J. Nielsen et al. (2004) and R. Pasand et al. (2004). In this paper, a further development of this architecture is developed, which introduces two and three level quantization (2LQ, 3LQ) for the required sampling at the output of the AFB instead of multibit linear quantization (LQ). This substantially reduces the implementation complexity of the UWB receiver as well as the computational effort required. Simulation of the AFB receiver with 2LQ, 3LQ is given in this paper, which shows the remarkable observation that the performance loss attributed to this crude quantization is negligible.
Subpopulation Characteristics of Egg-Contaminating Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis as Defined by the Lipopolysaccharide O Chain

ABSTRACT Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was refined by incorporating new data from isolates obtained from avian sources, from the spleens of naturally infected mice, and from the United Kingdom into an existing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-chain compositional database. From least to greatest, the probability of avian isolates producing high-molecular-mass LPS O chain ranked as follows: pooled kidney, liver, and spleen; intestine; cecum; ovary and oviduct; albumen; yolk; and whole egg. Mouse isolates were most like avian intestinal samples, whereas United Kingdom isolates were most like those from the avian reproductive tract and egg. Non-reproductive tract organ isolates had significant loss of O chain. Isogenic isolates that varied in ability to make biofilm and to be orally invasive produced different O-chain structures at 25°C but not at 37°C. Hens infected at a 91:9 biofilm-positive/-negative colony phenotype ratio yielded only the negative phenotype from eggs. These results indicate that the environment within the hen applies stringent selection pressure on subpopulations of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis at certain points in the infection pathway that ends in egg contamination. The avian cecum, rather than the intestines, is the early interface between the environment and the host that supports emergence of subpopulation diversity. These results suggest that diet and other factors that alter cecal physiology should be investigated as a means to reduce egg contamination.
Current optimal chemotherapy for advanced urothelial cancer

Conventional frontline cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin, or traditional or dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin, yields high response rates but few durable remissions for advanced urothelial cancer. Salvage therapy is generally disappointing with few responses. A significant proportion of patients exhibit renal dysfunction, entailing carboplatin-based regimens that appear inferior to cisplatin-based regimens, which warrants a special focus In this population. The profusion of novel biologic agents offers the promise of improved outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to make therapeutic advances.
Younger Age of Migraine Onset in Children Than Their Parents: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Migraine is known to run in families and has long been considered a strongly heritable disorder. We sought to investigate the age of onset of migraine between successive generations. Our retrospective cohort included 102 children with migraine who were referred to a pediatric headache clinic and their affected parent(s). Age at migraine onset was significantly lower in the children with a history of maternal or paternal migraine than in their mothers or fathers (P < .001). In conclusion, data on parental history of migraine showed that children with migraine were significantly younger at first appearance of the disease than their affected parents.
Identification, subcellular localization and functional interactions of PilMNOWQ and PilA4 involved in transformation competency and pilus biogenesis in the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27

The natural transformation system of the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27 comprises at least 16 distinct competence proteins encoded by seven distinct loci. In this article, we present for the first time biochemical analyses of the Thermus thermophilus competence proteins PilMNOWQ and PilA4, and demonstrate that the pilMNOWQ genes are each essential for natural transformation. We identified three different forms of PilA4, one with an apparent molecular mass of 14 kDa, which correlates with that of the deduced protein, an 18‐kDa form and a 23‐kDa form; the last was found to be glycosylated. We demonstrate that PilM, PilN and PilO are located in the inner membrane, whereas PilW, PilQ and PilA4 are located in the inner and outer membranes. These data show that PilMNOWQ and PilA4 are components of a DNA translocator structure that spans the inner and outer membranes. We further show that PilA4 and PilQ both copurify with pilus structures. Possible functions of PilQ and PilA4 in DNA translocation and in pilus biogenesis are discussed. Comparative mutant studies revealed that mutations in either pilW or pilQ significantly affect the location of the other protein in the outer membrane. Furthermore, no PilA4 was present in the outer membranes of these mutants. From these findings, we conclude that the abilities of PilW, PilQ and PilA4 to stably localize or accumulate in the outer membrane fraction are strongly dependent on one another, which is in accord with an outer membrane DNA translocator complex comprising PilW, PilQ, and PilA4.
The effect of recommendation systems on Internet-based learning for different learners: A data mining analysis

A general challenge facing Internet-based learners is how to identify information objects which are helpful in expanding their understanding of important information in a domain. Recommendation systems may assist learners in identifying potentially helpful information objects. However, the recent literature mainly focuses on the technical performance, rather than on how recommendations support searching in educational contexts. This study thus investigates how recommendation systems may influence the searching behaviors and strategies of different learners, when they are used with a mind map. The results suggested two main different searching behavioral patterns, namely focused searchers and broad searchers. It is found that the recommendations may influence the searching behaviors of the two types of searchers in different ways. For the focused searchers, the recommendations may support these searchers to expand their keywords to explore the domain. Regarding the broad searchers, they did not rely on the computer recommendations. However, the mind map interface applied along with the recommendations may support them in monitoring their searching processes. Online Information Searching Strategies Inventory ( OISSI) was applied to examine the participants' perceptions of how students applied information searching strategies. The results of OISSI support that both types of searchers perceived a higher level of searching strategies when they search with the recommendation system and mind maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Capsid protein and helper component-proteinase function as potyvirus cell-to-cell movement proteins.

The role of bean common mosaic necrosis potyvirus (BCMNV) and lettuce mosaic potyvirus (LMV) proteins was investigated in terms of their capacity to function as viral movement proteins (MPs). Using Escherichia coli-expressed proteins and microinjection techniques, direct evidence was obtained that both the potyviral capsid protein (CP) and helper component- proteinase (HC-Pro) function in this capacity, in that both proteins (a) trafficked from cell to cell, (b) induced an increase in plasmodesmal size exclusion limit, and (c) facilitated cell-to-cell movement of viral RNA. CP and HC-Pro mutants were also produced and used in microinjection experiments. Mutations in the core region of the CP either impaired (single and double amino acid substitution mutants) or abolished (triple amino acid substitution mutant) cell-to-cell movement, as did C-terminal deletion mutants in HC-Pro. The BCMNV P1, CI, NIa, and NIb proteins did not exhibit viral MP properties, but NIa and NIb proteins were found to accumulate within the nuclei of injected cells. These results further establish the multifunctional nature of the potyvirus CP and HC-Pro.
Acamprosate is neuroprotective against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity when enhanced by ethanol withdrawal in neocortical cultures of fetal rat brain.

BACKGROUND Acamprosate reduces relapse, and the drug may interact with glutamate transmission and with glutamate/NMDA receptors. Because these systems are implicated in excess calcium entry leading to alcohol withdrawal-induced neurotoxicity, we evaluated the effects of acamprosate on these parameters in neuronal cultures. METHODS Primary cultures of neocortical neurons from fetal Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained either in normal medium or in medium containing 100 mM ethanol for 4 days. After this time, cultures were challenged with glutamate for 10 min and then returned to medium (all in the absence of ethanol). 45Ca2+ uptake was measured during the challenge, and glutamate-induced toxicity was assessed after 20 hr. The effects of acamprosate present during the glutamate challenge were measured on both parameters. RESULTS In controls, acamprosate did not significantly affect glutamate-induced neurotoxicity but produced a significant inhibition of calcium entry. The NMDA receptor antagonists dizocilpine and d-amino-phosphonovalerate (D-APV) inhibited both glutamate neurotoxicity and calcium entry. In cultures previously exposed to ethanol, glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and calcium entry were both significantly enhanced. Dizocilpine reduced both these parameters to unstimulated control values, and D-APV reduced both calcium entry and neurotoxicity with the same relation that we obtained in control cultures. In the ethanol-withdrawn cultures, acamprosate reduced both the enhanced glutamate-induced calcium entry and the enhanced neurotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. Acamprosate also significantly reduced calcium entry caused by 80 mM K+ in control and ethanol-exposed cultures. CONCLUSIONS Acamprosate had protective effects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity only in ethanol-withdrawn cultures. The neuroprotective effects of the drug did not correlate with its effects on calcium entry, making it unlikely that acamprosate directly affects NMDA receptors via the glutamate binding site or the receptor-operated calcium channel. The results are, however, compatible with other inhibitory effects on NMDA receptor function.
H∞/LTR: a loop shaping method for h∞, output fibdback compensator design

This paper addresses the issue of H<sub>∞</sub>, loop transfer recovery and loop shaping when an H<sub>∞</sub> output feedback controller is used. A method of selecting the H<sub>∞</sub> design parameters to achieve asymptotic loop transfer recovery is presented. It is shown that the problem of approximate loop transfer recovery is dual to H<sub>∞</sub> state feedback design. A special class of H<sub>∞</sub>/LTR design problems is also presented.
Technical potential of electricity production from municipal solid waste disposed in the biggest cities in Brazil: Landfill gas, biogas and thermal treatment

This article presents an analysis of possibilities for electrical energy production by using municipal solid waste disposed in the biggest Brazilian cities. Currently, the municipal solid waste in Brazil is collected and disposed of at landfills, but there are also other technologies, which in addition to dealing with the garbage can also provide benefits in terms of energy provision. The following scenarios were studied in this work: electricity production from landfill gas (reference scenario); incineration of all municipal solid waste; anaerobic digestion of organic waste and incineration of refuse-derived fuel fractions after being separated in separation plants. According to this study, the biggest cities in Brazil generate about 18.9 million tonnes of municipal solid waste per year (2011), of which 51.5% is biogenic matter. The overall domestic consumption of electricity is 480,120 GWh y−1 in Brazil and the municipal solid waste incineration in the 16 largest cities in the country could replace 1.8% of it using incinerators. The city of São Paulo could produce 637 GWh y−1 with landfill gas, 2368 GWh y−1 with incineration of municipal solid waste and 1177 GWh y−1 with incineration of refuse-derived fuel. The latter two scenarios could replace 27% and 13.5% of the residential electrical energy consumption in the city. This shows that thermal treatment might be a viable option of waste-to-energy in Brazil.
Health Effects Associated With Passenger Vehicles: Monetary Values of Air Pollution

ABSTRACT Air pollution is regarded as one of the highest priorities in environmental protection in both developed and developing countries. High levels of air pollution have adverse effects on human health that might cause premature death. This study presents the monetary value estimates for the adverse human health effects resulted from ambient air pollution. It aids decision makers to set priorities in the public health relevance of pollution abatement. The main driver of policymaker is the need to reduce the avoidable cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality from pollutant exposures. The monetary valuation involves 2 steps: (i) relate levels of pollutants to mortality and morbidity (concentration-response relationships) and (ii) apply unit economic values. Cost of air pollution associated with passenger vehicles running over a major traffic bridge (6th of October Elevated Highway) is presented as a case study to demonstrate the use of monetary value of air pollution. The study proves that the cost of air pollution is extremely high and should not be overlooked.
Altered Myosin Isozyme Patterns from Pressure‐ Overloaded and Thyrotoxic Hypertrophied Rabbit Hearts

Cardiac hypertrophy, induced by pressure overload, leads to a depression in the rate of force development, velocity of shortening, tension-dependent heat generation, and myosin ATPase activity, whereas cardiac hypertrophy, induced by thyroxine administration, leads to an increase in these parameters. These changes have been attributed, in part, to structural changes in myosin. In this study, we have investigated changes in the relative content of myosin isozymes and differences in primary structure of the isozymes in pressure-overloaded and thyrotoxic cardiac hypertrophy in the rabbit. Three myosin isozymic forms (V1 = fastest, V2 = intermediate, V3 = slowest mobility) were observed in pyrophosphate polyacrylamide gels from normal hearts with the V3 component being the predominant species. In the pressure-overloaded model, the V1 and V2components disappeared or were present in reduced amounts leaving the V3 more predominant. The most striking difference was the isozymic profile produced in thyrotoxic hearts where the V1 became the predominant component and V2 and V3 the minor components. α-Chymotryptic digestion of myosin heavy chains produced characteristic, reproducible peptide patterns for each of the animal models, as did fluorographic analyses of a-chymotryptic digests of 14C-iodoacetamide (IAA)-labeled SHi peptides of myosin. Our results suggest that altered proportions of myosin isozymes may be responsible for altered cardiac performance.
Characterization of vigabatrin-associated optic atrophy.

AIMS To report the discovery of a previously unknown form of optic atrophy associated with use of the anti-epileptic drug vigabatrin. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of digitally enhanced ocular fundus photographs, kinetic visual field maps and treatment parameters for 25 patients, who were selected to represent a large spectrum of visual field defects. RESULTS In all, 21 patients (84%) evidenced subtle, diffuse atrophy of the retinal nerve fibre layer, in a pattern accessible to scoring. Atrophy scores correlated with visual field remains and cumulative vigabatrin doses. A pathophysiological model is proposed that involves the lengths of intraocular (unmyelinated) retinal ganglion cell axons. CONCLUSION Optic atrophy attests to the irreversible nature of vigabatrin's visual toxicity. Ocular fundus imaging should prove useful for objectively monitoring vigabatrin-treated subjects for visual toxicity.
Les alternances objet / oblique en français : goûter (à) un vin, dévaler (de) la colline, chercher (après) ses clés, etc.

L’etude porte sur le cas ou deux constructions, l’une a complement d’objet, l’autre a complement oblique, sont en concurrence pour un meme verbe (gouter X / gouter a X, chercher X / chercher apres X, pousser X / pousser sur X ). Nous definissons dans un premier temps les conditions exactes des alternances etudiees et clarifions plusieurs points relatifs a la polysemie verbale, au statut syntaxique du SP et a l’extension d’emploi de l’alternance. Nous consacrons la seconde section du papier a l’etude des contreparties semantiques eventuellement associees a l’existence de deux constructions distinctes. Nous etablissons une tripartition des alternances, fondee sur la litterature scientifique a disposition, et nous montrons que la classification proposee ne couvre pas l’ensemble des cas repertories en francais. Nous proposons une approche multifactorielle du phenomene, qui menage notamment une place aux faits de variation inter-locuteurs.