Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construction of an mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA network prognostic for triple-negative breast cancer

The aim of this study was to establish a novel competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network able to predict prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the GEO2R tool. Enrichr and STRING were used to conduct protein-protein interaction and pathway enrichment analyses, respectively. Upstream lncRNAs and miRNAs were identified using miRNet and mirTarBase, respectively. Prognostic values, expression, and correlational relationships of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs were examined using GEPIA, starBase, and Kaplan-Meier plotter. It total, 860 upregulated and 622 downregulated differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in TNBC. Ten overexpressed and two underexpressed hub genes were screened. Next, 10 key miRNAs upstream of these key hub genes were predicted, of which six upregulated miRNAs were significantly associated with poor prognosis and four downregulated miRNAs were associated with good prognosis in TNBC. NEAT1 and MAL2 were selected as key lncRNAs. An mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA network in TNBC was constructed. Thus, we successfully established a novel mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory network, each component of which is prognostic for TNBC.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet Use: The Perspective of Women with Eating Disorders Experience

ABSTRACT Even though the internet is a common source of information and treatment for people with eating disorder (ED) experience, the motives for illness-related searches have rarely been investigated beyond the perceived negatives. This study explores how women with ED experience reflect upon the advantages and disadvantages of their ED-related internet use. We expand the framework of the Uses and Gratifications Theory (U&G) into the context of users with ED experience through 30 semi-structured interviews with women with ED experience, aged 16 to 28, who live in the Czech Republic. Thematic analysis revealed four themes related to the pros and cons of their internet usage: ED-related Information Content; Internet Features Important to Users; Body Image; and Social Interaction. The results challenge the binary view of ED-related internet use and question some presumptions of U&G Theory within the specific context of users with ED experience.
The role of small extracellular vesicles in cerebral and myocardial ischemia—Molecular signals, treatment targets, and future clinical translation

The heart and the brain mutually interact with each other, forming a functional axis that is disturbed under conditions of ischemia. Stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) show great potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Due to heart‐brain interactions, therapeutic actions of EVs in the brain and the heart cannot be regarded in an isolated way. Effects in each of the two organs reciprocally influence the outcome of the other. Stem cell‐derived EVs modulate a large number of signaling pathways in both tissues. Upon ischemia, EVs prevent delayed injury, promote angiogenesis, enhance parenchymal remodeling, and enable functional tissue recovery. The therapeutic effects greatly depend on EV cargos, among which are noncoding RNAs like microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins, which modulate cell signaling in a differential way that not always corresponds to each other in the two tissues. Interestingly, the same miRNA or protein localized in EVs can modulate different signaling pathways in the ischemic heart and brain, which may have diverse consequences for disease outcomes. Paying careful attention to unveiling these underlying mechanisms may provide new insights into tissue remodeling processes and identify targets for ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction therapies. Some of these mechanisms are discussed in this concise review, and consequences for the clinical translation of EVs are presented.
Flow and pool boiling on porous coated surfaces

Abstract Industrial demands for more efficient boilers and evaporators as well as economic incentives have encouraged the development of methods to increase boiling heat transfer coefficients, critical heat fluxes, and, where possible, to obtain the highest heat flux by applying the smallest wall superheat. The goal may be to reduce the heat exchanger size or pumping power required for a specified heat duty, and also to prevent excessive temperature, or even system destruction, in systems where heat generation rates are fixed – for instance, in nuclear fuel assemblies or in chemical reactors. Numerous enhanced surfaces have been developed to intensify flow as well as pool boiling heat transfer. Excellent reviews on that topic have been provided in textbooks. Porous coated surfaces, which this article deals with, belong to the efficient categories of enhanced boiling surfaces. This article reviews the selected results of a comprehensive study of flow and pool nucleate boiling on porous coated surfaces completed in our laboratory. Particularly, this article deals with the following: (1) nucleate pool boiling on flat circular plates and horizontal tubes covered with porous coatings. Particularly, the influence of coating thickness and porosity on heat transfer coefficient and burnout heat flux for distilled water at atmospheric pressure was studied; (2) nucleate pool boiling on horizontal tube partially coated with a porous metallic layer. The possibility of porous coating application to local heat transfer enhancement, for instance in order to smooth and alleviate circumferential temperature distribution during nucleate pool boiling on horizontal, electrically heated tube, was examined; (3) nucleate pool boiling from small horizontal tube bundles built of porous coated tubes. The effect of the tube pitch and operating pressure on local, i.e., for a single tube or selected row of tubes, and average, i.e., for the whole tube bundle, heat transfer coefficient for three working fluids (distilled water, methanol, and refrigerant R141b) was studied. The bundle factor and bundle effect were determined. Second, practical application of porous coated tube bundle as an evaporator in prototype two-phase thermosyphon heat exchanger was investigated; (4) flow boiling of pure refrigerants and refrigerant/oil mixture inside porous coated tubes. The average evaporation heat transfer coefficient and simultaneous pressure drop during evaporation of R22, R134a, and R407C and their oil mixture of different concentrations was studied. A correlation equation for heat transfer coefficient calculation during flow boiling of pure refrigerants inside a tube with porous coating is proposed.
Shadow-Heap: Preventing Heap-based Memory Corruptions by Metadata Validation

In the past, stack smashing attacks and buffer overflows were some of the most insidious data-dependent bugs leading to malicious code execution or other unwanted behavior in the targeted application. Since reliable mitigations such as fuzzing or static code analysis are readily available, attackers have shifted towards heap-based exploitation techniques. Therefore, robust methods are required which ensure application security even in the presence of such intrusions, but existing mitigations are not yet adequate in terms of convenience, reliability, and performance overhead. We present a novel method to prevent heap corruption at runtime: by maintaining a copy of heap metadata in a shadow-heap and verifying the heap integrity upon each call to the underlying allocator we can detect most heap metadata manipulation techniques. The results demonstrate that Shadow-Heap is a practical mitigation approach, that our prototypical implementation only requires reasonable overhead due to a user-configurable performance-security tradeoff, and that existing programs can be protected without recompilation.
FAP: Design of an Architecture of a Forensic Access Point to Perform Online Access in a Forensically Sound Manner

The forensic investigation of data stored on mobile devices is a common option to analyze and solve cyber-crime cases. The analysis of the installed applications extracts and collects information to clarify unknown conditions and might provide additional details. Unfortunately, some applications store messages encrypted. So, the information is only readable in the app, which sometimes require online access to start and display these messages. The demanded online access is a predicament; whereas the start of the app or the download of these messages provides new information to solve the case, the danger of remote wiping during the online connection is high. Available environments to facilitate an online access and simultaneously block other connections are available, but they fail during a forensic investigation. In this paper a novel approach for a forensic access point (FAP) is proposed. The design of FAP focuses on the implementation of an isolated environment, which allows the connection of the device and specific online services considering current requirements. The architecture is evaluated by a proof-of-concept (PoC), which proves the usability in a forensically sound manner.
Surrogate models based on machine learning methods for parameter estimation of left ventricular myocardium

A long-standing problem at the frontier of biomechanical studies is to develop fast methods capable of estimating material properties from clinical data. In this paper, we have studied three surrogate models based on machine learning (ML) methods for fast parameter estimation of left ventricular (LV) myocardium. We use three ML methods named K-nearest neighbour (KNN), XGBoost and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to emulate the relationships between pressure and volume strains during the diastolic filling. Firstly, to train the surrogate models, a forward finite-element simulator of LV diastolic filling is used. Then the training data are projected in a low-dimensional parametrized space. Next, three ML models are trained to learn the relationships of pressure–volume and pressure–strain. Finally, an inverse parameter estimation problem is formulated by using those trained surrogate models. Our results show that the three ML models can learn the relationships of pressure–volume and pressure–strain very well, and the parameter inference using the surrogate models can be carried out in minutes. Estimated parameters from both the XGBoost and MLP models have much less uncertainties compared with the KNN model. Our results further suggest that the XGBoost model is better for predicting the LV diastolic dynamics and estimating passive parameters than other two surrogate models. Further studies are warranted to investigate how XGBoost can be used for emulating cardiac pump function in a multi-physics and multi-scale framework.
Firstborn sex defines early childhood growth of subsequent siblings

Animal studies have shown that maternal resource allocation can be sex-biased in order to maximize reproductive success, yet this basic concept has not been investigated in humans. In this study, we explored relationships between maternal factors, offspring sex and prenatal and postnatal weight gain. Sex-specific regression models not only indicated that maternal ethnicity impacted male (n = 2456) and female (n = 1871) childrens postnatal weight gain differently but also that parity and mode of feeding influenced weight velocity of female (β ± s.e. = −0.31 ± 0.11 kg, p = 0.005; β ± s.e. = −0.37 ± 0.11 kg, p < 0.001) but not male offspring. Collectively, our findings imply that maternal resource allocation to consecutive offspring increases after a male firstborn. The absence of this finding in formula fed children suggests that this observation could be mediated by breast milk. Our results warrant further mechanistic and epidemiological studies to elucidate the role of breastfeeding on the programming of infant growth as well as of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, with potential implications for tailoring infant formulae according to sex and birth order.
Dynamic spatio-temporal patterns of metapopulation occupancy in patchy habitats

Spatio-temporal dynamics in habitat suitability and connectivity among mosaics of heterogeneous wetlands are critical for biological diversity and species persistence in aquatic patchy landscapes. Despite the recognized importance of stochastic hydroclimatic forcing in driving wetlandscape hydrological dynamics, linking such effects to emergent dynamics of metapopulation poses significant challenges. To fill this gap, we propose here a dynamic stochastic patch occupancy model (SPOM), which links parsimonious hydrological and ecological models to simulate spatio-temporal patterns in species occupancy in wetlandscapes. Our work aims to place ecological studies of patchy habitats into a proper hydrologic and climatic framework to improve the knowledge about metapopulation shifts in response to climate-driven changes in wetlandscapes. We applied the dynamic version of the SPOM (D-SPOM) framework in two wetlandscapes in the US with contrasting landscape and climate properties. Our results illustrate that explicit consideration of the temporal dimension proposed in the D-SPOM is important to interpret local- and landscape-scale patterns of habitat suitability and metapopulation occupancy. Our analyses show that spatio-temporal dynamics of patch suitability and accessibility, driven by the stochasticity in hydroclimatic forcing, influence metapopulation occupancy and the topological metrics of the emergent wetlandscape dispersal network. D-SPOM simulations also reveal that the extinction risk in dynamic wetlandscapes is exacerbated by extended dry periods when suitable habitat decreases, hence limiting successful patch colonization and exacerbating metapopulation extinction risks. The proposed framework is not restricted only to wetland studies but could also be applied to examine metapopulation dynamics in other types of patchy habitats subjected to stochastic external disturbances.
Centrosome-centric view of asymmetric stem cell division

The centrosome is a unique organelle: the semi-conservative nature of its duplication generates an inherent asymmetry between ‘mother’ and ‘daughter’ centrosomes, which differ in their age. This asymmetry has captivated many cell biologists, but its meaning has remained enigmatic. In the last two decades, many stem cell types have been shown to display stereotypical inheritance of either the mother or daughter centrosome. These observations have led to speculation that the mother and daughter centrosomes bear distinct information, contributing to differential cell fates during asymmetric cell divisions. This review summarizes recent progress and discusses how centrosome asymmetry may promote asymmetric fates during stem cell divisions.
Antibiosis y Contenido de Polifenoles en Cultivares Comerciales de Sorgo1 Sobre Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner)2

Resumen. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de antibiosis y el contenido de polifenoles en cultivares comerciales de Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) sobre Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). Se evaluaron 11 cultivares de sorgo: Perla 101, Sinaloense 202, Gavatero 203, Costeño 201, Cow Vittle, Gayland Ward 9320, NK 180, DKS 26, DKS 2805, Gayland Ward 9417, y Gayland Ward 1160. Los resultados de estudios de tablas de vida del áfido en los cultivares DKS 2805 y DKS 26 exhibieron menor porcentaje de supervivencia, mayor tiempo de desarrollo ninfal y menor producción de ninfas por hembra. DKS 2805, DKS 26, y Gayland Ward 1160 provocaron menor Ro, valores más bajos de r, menores valores de λ y mayor T para M. sacchari. Los cultivares DKS 2805 y DKS 26 presentaron alto contenido de polifenoles. Estos resultados indican que DKS 2805 y DKS26 son cultivares resistentes para M. sacchari, debido a su alta actividad de antibiosis y alto contenido de polifenoles que exhibieron. La identificación de estos cultivares resistentes, proporciona a los productores de sorgo herramientas para el manejo sustentable de M. sacchari.
Luminescence characteristics of Y2SiO5 : Tb phosphor particles directly prepared by the spray pyrolysis method

Tb-doped Y 2 SiO 5 phosphor particles were prepared directly by a continuous droplet-to-particle preparation process using an ultrasonic spray generator. The photoluminescence characteristics of as-prepared and calcined particles were investigated. The particles of Y 2 SiO 5 prepared below 1100°C had poor crystallinity because of the short residence time of the particles inside the hot wall reactor, while the particles of Y 2 SiO 5 prepared at 1200°C had sharp crystallinity. The crystal structure of Y 2 SiO 5 particles was changed from the X1 to X2 type after calcining above 1400°C. Both prepared and calcined particles had spherical morphology, submicron size, and narrow size distribution. Agglomeration of particles did not occur even after calcining at 1200°C. The prepared Y 2 SiO 5 :Tb particles absorbed excitation energy in the range from 220 to 325 nm, and the maximum excitation wavelength was near 240 nm. The main emission peak was 538 nm. The optimum brightness was obtained at the doping concentration of 4 atom %. The activation of terbium occurred directly even at short reaction times inside the hot wall reactor. The brightness of as-prepared particles increased with increasing temperature because of good activation and crystallization in high temperatures. The PL intensity of as-prepared particles at 1200°C was 96% in comparison with maximum intensity of calcined particles.
The effects of soil aeration prior to dairy manure application on edge-of-field hydrology and nutrient fluxes in cold climate hayland agroecosystems

Soil aeration is increasingly being used on haylands in the northeastern United States as a water quality best management practice to decrease runoff volumes and flow rates, and the associated export of the nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). However, there is a lack of data on the effects of soil aeration on field-scale hydrologic and nutrient fluxes in cold-climate regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil aeration prior to dairy manure application on edge-of-field hydrology, water quality, and P fluxes in haylands in Vermont, United States, during both precipitation and snowmelt-induced runoff events. Edge-of-field water quality monitoring techniques were used to continuously measure the losses of surface runoff and the associated export of sediment and nutrients year-round from 2012 to 2018. Additionally, passive-capillary lysimeter systems were used to measure the subsurface losses of P. Aeration reduced total suspended solids, total P, total N, and total dissolved N mean runoff-event concentrations by 22%, 32%, 25%, and 34%, respectively. Event mean surface runoff volume increased by 16% due to aeration, resulting in no significant reductions in nutrient load exports during nonwinter runoff events. However, total P and total dissolved P loads were significantly reduced during large winter thaw events, often occurring months after aeration took place. Potential increases in surface and subsurface hydrologic flows that accompany nutrient export reductions should be considered before implementation of soil aeration on haylands with high runoff producing soils in cold climate regions.
Charge transfer enhancement between the Pt electrode and the ferroelectric BaTiO3 phase sensors

Abstract BaTiO3 is a ferroelectric sensor in the piezoelectric transforming conditions. In this study, we focused on the electron transport characteristics in the interface between the Pt and the BaTiO3, which enhanced the conductive properties of BaTiO3. This approach will be more helpful to transfer the piezoelectric signal and may offer some new suggestion of the conductive behavior of the BaTiO3 molecular.
Dynamic Modeling of Li-Ion Batteries Using an Equivalent Electrical Circuit

The modeling of Li-ion batteries may work as a powerful tool for the introduction and widespread testing of this technology in alternative energy storage, hybrid, and electric vehicle applications. In this paper, the authors propose a model for Li-ion batteries that is based on a typical equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) representation of these batteries and valid over a wide frequency range (2 mHz―65 kHz). However, a full parameterization of EEC models was not possible only with the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method, particularly at high charge/discharge currents. Therefore, a method combining EIS and charge/ discharge curves analysis has been developed. The simulated and experimental results were compared, and it was demonstrated that the developed method provides accurate predictions of the dynamic behavior of Li-ion batteries over wide state of charge and charge/discharge current range.
Effect of Modulating DLPFC Activity on Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior: Evidence From a tDCS Study

Antisocial behavior and prosocial behavior in the condition of inequality have long been observed in daily life. Understanding the neurological mechanisms and brain regions associated with antisocial and prosocial behavior and the development of new interventions are important for reducing violence and inequality. Fortunately, neurocognitive research and brain imaging research have found a correlation between antisocial or prosocial behavior and the prefrontal cortex. Recent brain stimulation research adopting transcranial direct current stimulation or transcranial magnetic stimulation has shown a causal relationship between brain regions and behaviors, but the findings are mixed. In the present study, we aimed to study whether stimulation of the DLPFC can change participants’ antisocial and prosocial behavior in the condition of inequality. We integrated antisocial and prosocial behavior in a unified paradigm. Based on this paradigm, we discussed costly and cost-free antisocial and prosocial behavior. In addition, we also measured participants’ disadvantageous and advantageous inequality aversion. The current study revealed an asymmetric effect of bilateral stimulation over the DLPFC on costly antisocial behavior, while such an effect of antisocial behavior without cost and prosocial behavior with and without cost were not observed. Moreover, costly antisocial behavior exhibited by men increased after receiving right anodal/left cathodal stimulation and decreased after receiving right cathodal anodal/left anodal stimulation compared with the behavior observed under sham stimulation. However, subjects’ inequality aversion was not influenced by tDCS.