Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exercises for improving bone strength

The effectiveness of exercise on bone strength depends on its type, timing, and duration Regular exercise has effects on bone density, size, and shape, resulting in substantial improvements in mechanical strength. The positive association between exercise and bone mass has prompted many physicians and public health officials to recommend that people engage in daily exercise, with the goal of reducing the incidence of osteoporotic fracture and the morbidity/mortality that ensues. However, there is no clear consensus on exactly how one should exercise in order to reap the greatest returns in terms of bone health. What exercises are best? How often should one exercise? Is it sometimes better not to exercise? Proper exercise can add new bone and/or reduce bone loss to ultimately affect bone mass, but bone mass (or areal bone mineral density) is merely a surrogate measure for bone strength. The real issue at hand is whether or not a person will fracture their hip, spine, or wrist. Bone mineral content and bone mineral density are related to bone strength, but sometimes inferring strength from bone mineral measurements can be misleading. With exercise, small gains in bone mineral can result in large improvements in bone strength,1 because new bone formation is often localised to …
Design of boost converter operating in CRM controlled by OCC

Boost converters are widely employed in power electronics applications. The boost working in Critical Conduction Mode (CRM) guarantees significant improvement in the efficiency of the converter and is suitable to low cost applications. On the other hand, the One-Cycle Control (OCC) technique offers various advantages when compared to other control techniques for switching converters: overcomes nonlinearities; eliminates crossover distortion; does not use input current sensor and has stability in a large dynamic range while reaching zero error in just one switching cycle. This paper proposes an OCC strategy for the boost operating in CRM. Besides that, a tutorial design is presented. Simulation results for a certain designed case are provided to verify the theoretical predictions developed in the paper.
Female Sex Work Within the Rural Immigrant Latino Community in the Southeast United States: An Exploratory Qualitative Community-Based Participatory Research Study

Background: Little is known about the structure and context of, and the risks encountered in, sex work in the United States. Objective: This community-based participatory research (CBPR) study explored female sex work and the feasibility of conducting a larger study of sex work within the immigrant Latino community in North Carolina. Methods: Twelve abbreviated life story interviews were conducted with Latina women who sold sex, other women who sold sex to Latino men, and Latino men who hired sex workers. Content analysis was used to analyze narrative data. Results: Themes emerged to describe the structure of sex work, motivations to sell and hire sex, and the sexual health-related needs of sex workers. Lessons learned included the ease of recruiting sex workers and clients, the need to develop relationships with controllers and bar owners/managers, and the high compensation costs to reimburse sex workers for participation. Conclusions: Study findings suggest that it is possible to identify and recruit sex workers and clients and collect formative data within this highly vulnerable and neglected community; the prevention of HIV and STDs is a priority among sex workers, and the need for a larger study to include non-Latino men who report using Latina sex workers, other community insiders (e.g., bartenders), and service providers for Latina sex workers.
Highly piezoelectric MgZr co-doped aluminum nitride-based vibrational energy harvesters [Correspondence]

The first MgZr co-doped AlN-based vibrational energy harvester (VEH) is presented. (MgZr)AlN, which is a new class of doped AlN, provides high piezoelectricity and cost advantage. Using 13%-(MgZr)-doped AlN for micromachined VEHs, maximum output power of 1.3 μW was achieved with a Q-factor of 400 when resonant frequency, vibration acceleration, load resistance were 792 Hz, 8 m/s2, and 1.1 MΩ, respectively. Normalized power density was 8.1 kW.g-2.m-3. This was one of the highest values among the currently available piezoelectric VEHs.
Proviral activation of the putative oncogene Pim‐1 in MuLV induced T‐cell lymphomas.

Proviral integration near the Pim‐1 gene is frequently observed in murine leukemia virus induced T‐cell lymphomas in mice. Integration in the Pim‐1 domain is associated with the presence of enhanced levels of a Pim‐1 mRNA, which is normally expressed as a predominant 2.8 kb species at low levels in lymphoid tissues. The majority of integrations occurred in the 3′ region of the Pim‐1 transcription unit. This resulted in transcripts ranging in size from 2.0 to 2.6 kb, which were terminated in the 5′ proviral LTR. Dependent on the site of integration up to 1300 bases of Pim‐1 specific sequences were missing from the modified Pim‐1 mRNA in these lymphomas.
Military Sexual Trauma

This article reviews the literature documenting the prevalence of military sexual trauma (MST) and its associated mental and physical health consequences. Existing research indicates that prevalence rates of MST vary depending on method of assessment, definition of MST used, and type of sample. Risk factors for MST have been identified as including age, enlisted rank, negative home life, and previous assault history. MST has been associated with increased screening rates of depression and alcohol abuse, in addition to significantly increased odds of meeting criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder. In addition, MST has been associated with reporting increased number of current physical symptoms, impaired health status, and more chronic health problems in veterans. Available research on health care utilization and MST is also discussed. Researchers are encouraged to utilize standardized definitions of MST, employ standardized assessment methodology, and utilize more male veterans in future research. Policy and practice implications are discussed.
Empirical Prediction of Computer-Network Evolution

This article presents a computer-aided integration tool, iCAD, that can predict a network evolution. We have used the term a network evolution to mean predicting changes within the physical network topology as time evolves. iCAD is connected to four device libraries, each of which contains a distinct set of network-technology devices, such as Ethernet hubs, ATM switches, IP routers, and gateways. As a network technology changes, each device library is updated. Then, we have plotted the cost and performance changes between the old and recent network technologies, enabling us to predict future changes to a first order. This article presents empirical results from 1999 until 2005 recording the network evolution progress, where the lower and upper bounds of network evolution came out to be 10% to 25% and 57% to 74% respectively in terms of network-design cost reduction.
The Impact of Medication Resistance and Continuation Pharmacotherapy on Relapse following Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy in Major Depression

After clinical response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 58 patients with major depressive disorder were followed for 1 year or until relapse. The rate of relapse was substantially higher in patients who had failed adequate antidepressant medication trials prior to ECT than in patients not determined to be medication resistant. Adequacy of post-ECT pharmacotherapy was only marginally related to likelihood of relapse. The subgroup of patients who appeared to benefit from adequate post-ECT pharmacotherapy were those who did not receive an adequate medication trial prior to ECT. The findings call into question the common practice of administering as continuation pharmacotherapy following ECT the same class of medications that patients had failed with during the acute episode prior to ECT. The findings also indicate that resistance to antidepressant medication is a strong predictor of relapse following response to ECT.
Impedance measurement of dipole antenna for EPC Global compliant RFID tag

This paper presents the design, measurement methodology and results of a dipole antenna for a RFID tag compliant to EPC Global Gen2. The impedance of the proposed antenna is match at 915 MHz. The meander-line tag antenna dimensions were optimized and evaluated using the software CST Microwave Studio. S parameters of the fabricated antenna were measured using a two-port VNA. The impedance was computed and comparisons with the simulated values were done. It was observed that erroneous material specifications can cause a significant variation in the impedance results.
Short time dynamics of viscous drop spreading

Liquid drops start spreading directly after coming into contact with a solid substrate. Although this phenomenon involves a three-phase contact line, the spreading motion can be very fast. We experimentally study the initial spreading dynamics, characterized by the radius of the wetted area, for viscous drops. Using high-speed imaging with synchronized bottom and side views gives access to 6 decades of time resolution. We show that short time spreading does not exhibit a pure power-law growth. Instead, we find a spreading velocity that decreases logarithmically in time, with a dynamics identical to that of coalescing viscous drops. Remarkably, the contact line dissipation and wetting effects turn out to be unimportant during the initial stages of drop spreading.
Multiple myeloma in the marrow: pathogenesis and treatments

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B cell malignancy resulting in osteolytic lesions and fractures. In the disease state, bone healing is limited owing to increased osteoclastic and decreased osteoblastic activity, as well as an MM‐induced forward‐feedback cycle where bone‐embedded growth factors further enhance tumor progression as bone is resorbed. Recent work on somatic mutation in MM tumors has provided insight into cytogenetic changes associated with this disease; the initiating driver mutations causing MM are diverse because of the complexity and multitude of mutations inherent in MM tumor cells. This manuscript provides an overview of MM pathogenesis by summarizing cytogenic changes related to oncogenes and tumor suppressors associated with MM, reviewing risk factors, and describing the disease progression from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to overt MM. It also highlights the importance of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) in the establishment and progression of MM, as well as associated MM‐induced bone disease, and the relationship of the bone marrow to current and future therapeutics. This review highlights why understanding the basic biology of the healthy and diseased BMM is crucial in the quest for better treatments and work toward a cure for genetically diverse diseases such as MM.
PRECISE POSITIONING OF UAVS – DEALING WITH CHALLENGING RTK-GPS MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS DURING AUTOMATED UAV FLIGHTS

Abstract. For some years now, UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) are commonly used for different mobile mapping applications, such as in the fields of surveying, mining or archeology. To improve the efficiency of these applications an automation of the flight as well as the processing of the collected data is currently aimed at. One precondition for an automated mapping with UAVs is that the georeferencing is performed directly with cm-accuracies or better. Usually, a cm-accurate direct positioning of UAVs is based on an onboard multi-sensor system, which consists of an RTK-capable (real-time kinematic) GPS (global positioning system) receiver and additional sensors (e.g. inertial sensors). In this case, the absolute positioning accuracy essentially depends on the local GPS measurement conditions. Especially during mobile mapping applications in urban areas, these conditions can be very challenging, due to a satellite shadowing, non-line-of sight receptions, signal diffraction or multipath effects. In this paper, two straightforward and easy to implement strategies will be described and analyzed, which improve the direct positioning accuracies for UAV-based mapping and surveying applications under challenging GPS measurement conditions. Based on a 3D model of the surrounding buildings and vegetation in the area of interest, a GPS geometry map is determined, which can be integrated in the flight planning process, to avoid GPS challenging environments as far as possible. If these challenging environments cannot be avoided, the GPS positioning solution is improved by using obstruction adaptive elevation masks, to mitigate systematic GPS errors in the RTK-GPS positioning. Simulations and results of field tests demonstrate the profit of both strategies.
Les espaces d'interaction Vers une géométrie des systèmes d'agents mobiles

Les systemes d'agents mobiles sont de grande complexite, notamment du fait de leur nature hautement dynamique. Au dela des experimentations « pratiques », de nombreux travaux s'interessent a la caracterisation plus fondamentale de ces systemes. Mais la plupart des approches negligent certains aspects selon nous fondamentaux comme la semantique de communication. Elles sont de plus generalement peu flexibles a ce niveau et developpent en outre une vision subjective de la mobilite. Pour aborder ces questions, nous proposons le modele des Espaces d'Interaction (eI), une semantique qui se distingue par son caractere geometrique. Un eI possede trois dimensions: agents ou localisations, canaux de communication et etat de ces canaux. Les operations fondamentales des agents, pour communiquer ou se mouvoir sont assimilees a des transformations geometriques simples. Au dessus des eI, nous proposons le cube-calcul. Concu comme une variante appliquee du π-calcul, ce prototype de langage de programmation implemente des formes objectives de mobilite des agents et des liens de communication. Nous insistons egalement sur son caractere « realiste ».
The Practical Impact of Ontologies on Biomedical Informatics

Summary Objectives To examine recent research work in the development and evaluation of controlled biomedical terminologies – especially, the representation of structured, controlled definitional knowledge about the terms themselves; such terminologies are often referred to as “ontologies”. Methods A review of the published literature using PubMed, as well as full-text searches of recent Medinfo and American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) Symposia proceedings, searching for the terms “ontology” and “ontologies” and for articles discussing specific, prominent ontological work. Results We summaries the ontologic aspects of twelve current terminology projects: Galen, the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), the Medical Entities Dictionary (MED), SNOMED-CT, LOINC, the Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA), the Gene Ontology (GO), ISO Reference Terminology Model for Nursing Diagnosis, NDF-RT, RxNorm, the NCI Thesaurus, and DOLCE+. We discuss the origins, domain, and ontologic representation of each of these and attempt to summarize the impact that each has had on terminologic work and biomedical applications. We also note the contributions of the Protégé tool to many of these efforts. Conclusion Terminologic research and development have advanced significantly in the past 20 years, especially since the recent orientation toward controlled biomedical ontologies. This work has had significant impact on the development of terminologies themselves, their acceptance and dissemination as standards, and their use in supporting biomedical information systems.
Performance Bounds for Level-Oriented Two-Dimensional Packing Algorithms

We analyze several “level-oriented” algorithms for packing rectangles into a unit-width, infinite-height bin so as to minimize the total height of the packing. For the three algorithms we discuss, we show that the ratio of the height obtained by the algorithm to the optimal height is asymptotically bounded, respectively, by 2, 1.7, and 1.5. The latter two improve substantially over the performance bounds for previously proposed algorithms. In addition, we give more refined bounds for special cases in which the widths of the given rectangles are restricted and in which only squares are to be packed.
Rethinking Trust in E-Commerce in a Context-aware, Mobile World

Privacy invasion, surveillance and profiling are some identified vulnerabilities as a consequence of trusting context-aware technologies such as smart-phones. With PC-enabled e-commerce transactions, the technological ecosystem was smaller with a corresponding simpler chain of trust. Context-aware technologies such as smart-phones are increasingly being used in initiating and completing commercial transactions. It is argued that newer and richer understanding of the issue of trust informed by mobile commerce is important. Research is needed to understand the nature of trust in context-aware technologies. This might lead on the one hand to valuable insights into the effect of the awareness of risks on user behavior and on the other hand, to suggestions on what can or should be done from the retailer or provider’s side to enhance the communication of risks and privacy issues to users.
Beyond randomized controlled trials

The efficacy of mammographic screening in the reduction of breast carcinoma mortality has been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials. However, the evaluation of organized screening outside of research settings (so‐called “service screening“) faces unique methodologic and conceptual challenges. The current study describes the evaluation of organized mammography screening in a clinical setting and demonstrates the benefit obtained from service screening in two Swedish counties.
Intrauterine Growth of Twins Judged by Bpd Measurements

Abstract. Both earlier growth charts of twins composed of birth weight at different gestational ages and recent reports on twin biparietal diameter (BPD) growth, indicate that twins' growth is less than that of singletons during the later period of gestation. In the present study, growth curves are constructed separately for the first and the second twin from 489 paired ultrasonic BPD measurements of 119 twin pregnancies. The distribution of BPD values in twins was found to be slightly wider than our normal range curve for singletons. The mean BPD values of twins were close to those of singletons in the second trimester. From the 32nd week on, the twins' mean weekly BPD increment decreased, this lesser growth rate being more marked than that of singletons. The second twin's BPD growth curve ran consistently below that of the first. Our results agree with the earlier findings that the growth of twins is retarded during the later part of pregnancy. They point to different BPD growth patterns between the first and the second twin.
Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan plus cetuximab treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer.

PURPOSE The phase III CRYSTAL study demonstrated that addition of cetuximab to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) significantly improved overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective response in the first-line treatment of patients with KRAS codon 12/13 (exon 2) wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Outcome was reassessed in subgroups defined by extended RAS mutation testing. PATIENTS AND METHODS Existing DNA samples from KRAS exon 2 wild-type tumors from CRYSTAL study patients were reanalyzed for other RAS mutations in four additional KRAS codons (exons 3 and 4) and six NRAS codons (exons 2, 3, and 4) using beads, emulsion, amplification, and magnetics technology. No tissue microdissection was performed. A ≥ 5% mutant allele cutoff was used to call mutations. RESULTS Mutation status was evaluable in 430 (64.6%) of 666 patients with KRAS exon 2 wild-type tumors. Other RAS mutations were detected in 63 (14.7%) of 430 patients. In those with RAS wild-type tumors, a significant benefit across all efficacy end points was associated with the addition of cetuximab to FOLFIRI. In patients with other RAS tumor mutations, no difference in efficacy outcomes between treatment groups was seen. The safety profile in RAS subgroups was similar and in line with expectations. CONCLUSION In the first-line treatment of mCRC, patients with RAS wild-type tumors derived a significant benefit from the addition of cetuximab to FOLFIRI; patients with RAS tumor mutations did not. Molecular testing of tumors for all activating RAS mutations is essential before considering anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy, thereby allowing the further tailoring of cetuximab administration to maximize patient benefit.
On the Molecular Basis for Vascular Calcification

The ancient dictum to which Wells referred in the first edition of Cowdry's Arteriosclerosis [1], that "a man is as old as his arteries," applies to an even greater extent in modern Western societies. In 1972, 52 percent of deaths in the United States resulted from the major cardiovascular diseases [2, p. 1018]. Calcification, lipid deposition, and mural thrombus formation are three major degenerative processes that occur increasingly in vascular tissues with advancing age. Arterial wall calcification begins early in life [3] and steadily increases with age [4, 5]. The primary site of calcification, as well as of lipid deposition, is the elastic fiber. This fact has led Robert, Robert, and Robert to state recently that "it is true that we have the age of our arteries. This means more or less that we have the age of their elastic fibers" [6]. As early as 1933 Wells, in his treatise on the chemistry of arteriosclerosis [1], emphasized: "The significance of the elastic fibers as the primary seat of calcification is demonstrated by the frequent extensive selective calcification of the internal elastic lamina of arteries . without involvement of other parts of the vessel wall. " Lansing and Blumenthal, in a series of reports in the 1940s and 1950s, pointed to the role of calcium and the elastic tissue in the genesis of arteriosclerosis [7-11] with conclusions such as: "The intensity and rate of calcium deposition is directly proportional to the intensity and rate of the elastic tissue changes" [10] and "Calcium is apparently deposited quite specifically in or on elastic tissue in the media, and medial calcification and elastic tissue changes are more pronounced under artheromatous plaques than