Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bridging between laboratory and rotating-frame master equations for open quantum systems

The problem of a driven quantum system coupled to a bath and coherently driven is usually treated using either of two approaches: Employing the common secular approximation in the lab frame (as usually done in the context of atomic physics) or in the rotating frame (prevailing in, e.g., the treatment of solid-state qubits). These approaches are applicable in different parts of the parameter space and yield different results. We show how to bridge between these two approaches by working in the rotating frame without employing the secular approximation with respect to the driving amplitude. This allows us to uncover novel behaviors in regimes which were previously inaccessible or inaccurately treated. New features such as the qualitative different evolution of the coherence, population inversion at a lower driving amplitude, and novel structure in the resonance fluorescence spectrum of the system are found. We argue that this generalized approach is essential for analyzing hybrid systems, with components that come from distinctly different regimes which can now be treated simultaneously, giving specific examples from recent experiments on quantum dots coupled to optical cavities, and single-spin electron paramagnetic resonance.
Stochastic Evolution of spatial populations: From configurations to genealogies and back

The paper reviews the results obtained for spatial population models and the evolution of the genealogies of these populations during the last decade by the author and his coworkers. The focus is on their large scale behaviour and on the analysis of universality classes of large scale behaviour via the methods of the hierarchical mean-field limit or via the spatial continuum limit and from another angel, the finite system scheme . We use genealogical information to analyze the type and location structure and vice versa. To apply this approach and to explain effects in biological situations we extend the classical model classes in new directions. Namely we look as population models here at: Fleming-Viot genealogies in continuum geographic space, Cannings models with block resampling (reducing diversity), Fisher-Wright diffusion with coloured seedbanks (enhancing diversity) and evolving genealogies of Fleming-Viot models with selection and rare mutation.
Dynamical Thermalization of Interacting Fermionic Atoms in a Sinai Oscillator Trap

We study numerically the problem of dynamical thermalization of interacting cold fermionic atoms placed in an isolated Sinai oscillator trap. This system is characterized by a quantum chaos regime for one-particle dynamics. We show that, for a many-body system of cold atoms, the interactions, with a strength above a certain quantum chaos border given by the Åberg criterion, lead to the Fermi–Dirac distribution and relaxation of many-body initial states to the thermalized state in the absence of any contact with a thermostate. We discuss the properties of this dynamical thermalization and its links with the Loschmidt–Boltzmann dispute.
QoS in best-effort networks

The QoS of today's best-effort network does not deliver the performance required for a wide range of interactive and multimedia applications that have demanding delay and bandwidth requirements. We discuss how current research into congestion control has uncovered that best-effort networks, with just a few modifications to the existing equipment, can deliver the performance required for a range of applications. Furthermore, we describe how best-effort networks lead to a pricing mechanism that charges users in accordance to the stress they place on the network.
Cross-linguistic influence in bilingual development: Determinants and mechanisms

Since seminal work in the late ‘80s the general consensus in the literature is that children who are regularly exposed to two languages from birth or soon after can acquire them as largely independent systems. In recent years the focus has shifted from the issue of language differentiation to the degree of interaction between the two systems, and to the factors affecting such cross-linguistic influence. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current proposals about the determinants and the manifestation of language interaction in young simultaneous bilinguals.
PTK: A PARALLEL TOOLKIT LIBRARY

The High Performance Computing(HPC) market has made a significant shift from large, monolithic, specialized systems to networked clusters of workstations. This has been precipitated by the continuing upward movement of the price/performance ratio of commodity computing hardware. The fast growth of this market has presented a challenge to the open source community. Software has not necessarily kept up with the growth. The Parallel Toolkit Library provides support for common design patterns used throughout parallel programs. It includes both PVM andMPI versions. The examples given help users understand how to use the library functions. The data sharing patterns of gather, scatter, and all to all are fully supported. They allow users the flexibility of having odd amounts of data that are not evenly divisible by the number of processes. The two-dimensional versions allow the user to share “ragged” arrays of data. These elements are not provided by PVM or MPI. The file merging functionality automates a common cluster task. The workpools remove a significant layer of detail from writing workpool code. The user of the workpool needs to provide the library with functions for processing tasks and results. The library takes care of sending and receiving tasks and results. Most importantly it handles termination detection, which can be quite cumbersome to design and write. The testing and benchmarking results are consistent with expectations. The library does not add a significant amount of overhead. In some cases, it may be more efficient than code that users would write, because time may not be taken in non-library
A 1.8-V operation RF CMOS transceiver for 2.4-GHz-band GFSK applications

This paper describes a single-chip RF transceiver LSI for 2.4-GHz-band Gaussian frequency shift-keying applications, such as Bluetooth. This chip uses a 0.18-/spl mu/m bulk CMOS process for lower current consumption. The LSI consists of almost all the required RF and IF building blocks: a transmit/receive antenna switch, a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier, an image rejection mixer, channel-selection filters, a limiter, a received signal strength indicator, a frequency discriminator, a voltage controlled oscillator, and a phase-locked loop synthesizer. The bandpass filter for channel selection was difficult to achieve since it operates at a low supply voltage. However, because large interference is roughly rejected at the output of the image rejection mixer and a wide-input-range bandpass filter with an optimized input bias is realized, the transceiver can operate at a supply voltage of 1.8 V. In the IF section, we adopted a circuit design using the minimum number of passive elements, resistors and capacitors, for a lower chip area of 10.2 mm/sup 2/.
Set constraint discovery: missing sensor data restoration using autoassociative regression machines

A sensor array can generate interdependent readings among the sensors. If the dependence is sufficiently strong, the readings may contain redundancy to the degree that the readings from one or more lost sensors may be able to be accurately estimated from those remaining. An autoassociative regression machine can learn the data interrelationships through inspection of historical data. Once trained, the autoassociative machine can be used to restore one or more arbitrary lost sensors if the data dependency is sufficiently strong. Recovery techniques include alternating projection onto convex sets (POCS) and iterative search algorithms.
Assessment of user needs of primary biodiversity data: Analysis, concerns, and challenges

A Content Needs Assessment (CNA) survey has been conducted in order to determine what GBIF-mediated data users may be using, what they would be using if available, and what they need in terms of primary biodiversity data records. The survey was launched in 2009 in six languages, and collected more than 700 individual responses. Analysis of the responses showed some lack of awareness about the availability of accessible primary data, and pointed out some types of data in high demand for linking to distribution and taxonomical data now derived from the GBIF cache. A notable example was linkages to molecular data. Also, the CNA survey uncovered some biases in the design of user needs surveys, by showing demographic and linguistic effects that may have influenced the distribution of responses received in analogous surveys conducted at the global scale.
Improved Stability of Atomic Layer Deposited ZnO Thin Film Transistor by Intercycle Oxidation

By inserting H2O treatment steps during atomic layer deposition of a ZnO layer, the turn‐on voltage shift from negative bias stress (NBS) under illumination was reduced considerably compared to that of a device that has a continuously grown ZnO layer without any treatment steps. Meanwhile, treatment steps without introducing reactive gases, and simply staying under a low working pressure, aggravated the instability under illuminated NBS due to an increase of oxygen vacancy concentration in the ZnO layer. From the experiment results, additional oxidation of the ZnO channel layer is proven to be effective in improving the stability against illuminated NBS.
Electronic image stabilizer for video camera use

A compact electronic image stabilizer has been realized on the basis of: (1) scanning area selection of the imager, and (2) motion vector detection. The stabilization rate is 18 dB at 1 Hz. This system is suitable for compact video cameras, but the stabilization rate becomes poor at high frequency. Therefore, an advanced system was also designed. >
Language as a cognitive technology

Ever since Descartes singled out the ability to use natural language appropriately in any given circumstance as the proof that humans — unlike animals and machines — have minds, an idea that Turing transformed into his well-known test to determine whether machines have intelligence, the close connection between language and cognition has been widely acknowledged, although it was accounted for in quite different ways. Recent advances in natural language processing, as well as attempts to create “embodied conversational agents” which couple language processing with that of its natural bodily correlates (gestures, facial expression and gaze direction), in the hope of developing human-computer interfaces based on natural — rather than formal — language, have again brought to the fore the question of how far we can hope machines to be able to master the cognitive abilities required for language use. In this paper, I approach this issue from a different angle, inquiring whether language can be viewed as a “cognitive technology”, employed by humans as a tool for the performance of certain cognitive tasks. I propose a definition of “cognitive technology” that encompasses both external (or “prosthetic”) and internal cognitive devices. A number of parameters in terms of which a typology of cognitive technologies of both kinds can be sketched is also set forth. It is then argued that inquiring about language’s role in cognition allows us to re-frame the traditional debate about the relationship between language and thought, by examining how specific aspects of language actually influence cognition — as an environment, a resource, or a tool. This perspective helps bring together the contributions of the philosophical “linguistic turn” in epistemology and the incipient “epistemology of cognitive technology” It also permits a more precise and fruitful discussion of the question whether, to what extent, and which of the language-based cognitive technologies we naturally use can be emulated by the kinds of technologies presently or in the foreseeable future available.
SOS: A Distributed Mobile QaA System Based on Social Networks

Recently, emerging research efforts have been focused on question and answer (Q\a A) systems based on social networks. The social-based Q\a A systems can answer non-factual questions, which cannot be easily resolved by web search engines. These systems either rely on a centralized server for identifying friends based on social information or broadcast a user's questions to all of its friends. Mobile Q\a A systems, where mobile nodes access the Q\a A systems through Internet, are very promising considering a rapid increase of mobile users and the convenience of practical use. However, such systems cannot directly use the previous centralized methods or broadcasting methods, which generate high cost of mobile Internet access, node overload, and high server bandwidth cost with the tremendous number of mobile users. We propose a distributed Social-based mobile Q\a A System (SOS) with low overhead and system cost as well as quick response to question askers. SOS enables mobile users to forward questions to potential answerers in their friend lists in a decentralized manner for a number of hops and then resort to the server. It leverages lightweight knowledge engineering techniques to accurately identify friends who are able to and willing to answer questions, thus reducing the search and computation costs of mobile nodes. The trace-driven simulation results show that SOS can achieve a high query precision and recall rate, a short response latency and low overhead. We have also deployed a pilot version of SOS for use in a small group in Clemson University. The feedback from the users shows that SOS can provide high-quality answers.
Hypermedia Human-Computer Interaction and Cognitive Psychology

Hypermedia is compelling designers to deal with the problem of designing and managing large, diverse and complex collections of hypermedia objects. So, hypermedia design needs contributions from several disciplines, including: cognitive psychology, design, computer science and human factors, This paper addresses a connection between cognitive psychology and hypermedia; and presents a compilation of general guidelines about hypermedia design.
Modelling of alternating-current machines having multiple rotor circuits

The modeling of a synchronous or an asynchronous machine forms the basis of simulation investigations made with high-powered computers. Many phenomena and processes require corresponding refinement of the models used, and an increase in input in the form of fictive rotor circuits. A method is presented which has been tested out over a relatively long period of time. The general equations contain none of the usual approximations, and can be programmed quite readily. Numerical examples are given as an aid in applying the procedures. >
Beyond the Reading Wars: Exploring the Effect of Child-Instruction Interactions on Growth in Early Reading

This study examined the influence of interactions between first graders' fall language-literacy skills (vocabulary and decoding) and classroom instructional practices on their spring decoding scores. Instructional activities were coded as teacher managed or child managed and as explicit or implicit, as well as for change in amount of time spent in the activity over the school year. Findings revealed that specific patterns of instructional activities differentially predicted children's decoding skill growth. Children with low initial decoding scores achieved greater decoding growth in classrooms with more time spent in teacher-managed explicit decoding (TME) instruction. In contrast, for children with initially high decoding scores, amount of TME had no effect. Children with low initial vocabulary scores achieved greater decoding score growth in classrooms with less child-managed implicit (CMI) instruction but with increasing amounts of CMI instruction as the school year progressed. However, children with high initial vocabulary scores achieved greater decoding growth in classrooms with more time spent in CMI activities and in consistent amounts throughout the school year. Children's initial decoding and vocabulary scores also directly and positively affected their decoding score growth. These main effects and interactions were independent and additive, thus children's first-grade decoding skill growth was affected by initial vocabulary and decoding skill as well as type of instruction received-but the effect of type of instruction (TME or CMI amount and change) depended on children's initial vocabulary and decoding scores. Implications for research and educational practices are discussed.
Vowels in Wunambal, a Language of the North West Kimberley Region*

This paper presents an acoustic-phonetic analysis of vowel data from recordings of Wunambal, a Worrorran language of the Kimberley region in North West Australia. Wunambal has been analysed as a six vowel system with the contrasts /i e a o u ɨ/, with /ɨ/ only found in the Northern variety. Recordings from three senior (60+) male speakers of Northern Wunambal were used for this study. These recordings were originally made for documentation of lexical items. All vowel tokens were drawn from words in short carrier phrases, or words in isolation, and we compare vowels from both accented and unaccented contexts. We demonstrate a remarkably symmetrical vowel space, highlighting where the six vowels lie acoustically in relation to each other for the three speakers overall, and for each speaker individually. While all speakers in our corpus used the /ɨ/ vowel, the allophony observed suggests that it has a somewhat different phonemic status than other vowels. Accented and unaccented vowels are not significantly different for any speaker, and are similarly distributed in acoustic space.
A heuristic approach to task assignment optimization in distributed systems

This paper describes an efficient heuristic algorithm for the task assignment problem (an NP-complete problem). The problem is to find an optimal mapping of multiple communicating tasks onto the processing nodes of a distributed computing system. The purpose of mapping these tasks onto the nodes of the system is the minimization of the total execution time without sacrificing solution quality. Many heuristic approaches have been employed to obtain satisfactory mapping. Our heuristic, the genetic mean field annealing (GMFA), is a hybrid of genetic algorithm and mean field annealing. The hybrid algorithm combines the benefit of both methods and thus improves the performance. We compare the quality of solutions and time derived by the proposed GMFA against those derived by the genetic algorithm and mean held annealing algorithm respectively. Our experimental results from a simulation study of the heuristic algorithms are presented. In all cases studied, the solution quality derived by our new approach were significantly better than those derived by the conventional approaches.
Powder X-ray diffraction of darunavir ethanolate, C27H37N3O7S(C2H5OH)

Darunavir ethanolate (marketed as Prezista) is a protease inhibitor drug used in the treatment of HIV. Commercial darunavir ethanolate crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 (19), with a = 9.98121(4) Å, b = 16.56254(7) Å, c = 18.77603(8) Å, V = 3103.945(15) Å, and Z = 4. A reduced cell search in the Cambridge Structural Database yielded a previously reported crystal structure (Allen, 2002), which did not include hydrogen (Van Gyseghem et al., 2009). In this work, the sample was ordered from Shanghai Biochempartner, and analyzed as received. The roomtemperature crystal structure was refined using synchrotron (λ = 0.413891 Å) powder diffraction data, density functional theory, and Rietveld refinement techniques. Hydrogen positions were included as part of the structure, and recalculated during the refinement. The diffraction data were collected on beamline 11-BM at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Figure 1 shows the Powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the compound. The pattern is included in the Powder Diffraction File as entry 00-064-1502.
Automatic interpretation of sonar imagery using qualitative feature matching

This paper reports on the automatic interpretation of sector scan sonar imagery. Previous work has resulted in a blackboard-based system, employing a mixture of image-, signal-, and rule-based processing to extract appropriate feature information from sonar scans. We here describe a system capable of carrying out classifications of observed objects based on available feature measures, such as size, shape, and gray level characteristics. The problem of determining feature measures which are invariant to changes in sonar setting, object position/orientation, and noise characteristics is addressed by using qualitative measures to describe object features during matching for recognition. Invariance comes from dynamically selecting the threshold values used to map the numerical feature values derived from the image data to these qualitative measures. Descriptions of the qualitative appearance of known objects are maintained as "exemplars. " Recognition therefore takes place by matching observed object descriptions to exemplars in either a constrained or unconstrained fashion. Descriptions are presented for the feature measures used, the quantitative-to-qualitative mapping, and the matching procedures, with results showing the discrimination provided by the feature measures, the changing numerical boundary values between qualitative attributes, and the overall success of the recognition processing for single sonar scans. The overall interpretation is shown to be 86% successful for objects viewed on different sonars in different conditions, provided features measures giving good discrimination between objects are employed. >
Aspect-Oriented Programming and Modeling Based on UML

Traditional software development method will bring code tangling, code scattered and many other issues. Aspect-oriented programming came into being under this circumstance. AOP is a new programming paradigm which is independent of all the other programming languages. The scale and complexity of software systems increase continually. Efficiently control the complexity of software systems has already become a vitally important issue which needs to be addressed. In the modular design and implementation of software, cross cut always arise between primary functional modules and non-functional modules. This paper proposes a method to model and verify an UML activity diagram based aspect-oriented programming which enhance the capability of dealing with non-function requirements.
A Design of Face Detection and Facial Expression Recognition Techniques Based on Boosting Schema

During the development of the facial expression classification procedure, we evaluate three machine learning methods. We combine ABAs with CARTs, which selects weak classifiers and integrates them into a strong classifier automatically. We have presented a highly automatic facial expression recognition system in which a face detection procedure is first able to detect and locate human faces in image sequences acquired in real environments. We need not label or choose characteristic blocks in advance. In the face detection procedure, some geometrical properties are applied to eliminate the skin color regions that do not belong to human faces. In the facial feature extraction procedure, we only perform both the binarization and edge detection operations on the proper ranges of eyes, mouth, and eyebrows to obtain the 16 landmarks of a human face to further produce 16 characteristic distances which represent a kind of expressions. We realize a facial expression classification procedure by employing an ABA to recognize six kinds of expressions. The performance of the system is very satisfactory; whose recognition rate achieves more than 90%.