Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of depression among patients with multiple sclerosis in Erbil city

1 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq. * Correspondence: warjin.yasin@yahoo.com Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the central nervous system (CNS) diseases, which is chronic, inflammatory, and immune-mediated, typically presents in the third or fourth decade of life. It is one of the most frequent nontraumatic disabling neurologic diseases, which affects 12,000 people in the United States alone per year. There is high variability in the disease course. Its outcome is hard to predict, with no known cure. Patients may be grouped into four categories; Relapsing–remitting (RR) MS, Secondary progressive (SP) MS, Primary progressive (PP) MS, and Progressive-relapsing (PR) MS, based on the course of the disease. Nearly 87% of patients are of RRMS type, characterized by acute attacks (relapses) followed by partial or full recovery (remission). There are a heterogeneous group of symptoms, including changes in vision (unilateral visual loss, diplopia), weakness, incoordination, sensory loss or distortions, or changes in bowel and bladder function, cognitive change, fatigue, and mood disturbance. Multifocal involvement of white and gray matter in the central nervous system can cause physical impairment and disability, with cognitive and psychological changes that often lessen patients' quality of life, occupational competence, and social interactions. Psychiatric comorbidity is common in Background and objective: Multiple sclerosis is one of the chronic central nervous system diseases. Depression comorbidity is common with multiple sclerosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among patients with multiple sclerosis and the relation of patient demographic data and disease status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil City, in a one-year duration from October 2017 to October 2018. The sample size was 169 known patients with multiple sclerosis, which was collected randomly. Beck Depression Inventory was used. The statistical package for the social sciences (version 25) was used for data analysis. Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test were used to finding the association between various variables and depression. Results: The prevalence of depression among patients with multiple sclerosis was 53.5%. Age group more than 50 years was found more depressed (66.7 %,P = 0.006). Depression is more with those with multiple sclerosis for 10 years and more (84.6%) with a statistically significant association (P = 0.021). Treatment by rituximab show more depression (85.7%,P = 0.039). The frequency of severity of major depressive disorder was (mild 31.8%, moderate 52.9%, and severe 15.3%) and showed no significant association with different variables. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among patients with multiple sclerosis was high. The age group of more than 50 years, duration of multiple sclerosis equal or more than 10 years, and rituximab treatment were regarded as risk factors.
Influence of Demotivators on Acceptance of Technology: Challenges of Expatriate School Teachers while Imparting Online Teaching

In the wake of the Covid-19 outbreak, academicians are resorting to technology-enabled remote learning to impart education. The main objective of this study is to identify those factors that could potentially demotivate educators at primary and secondary levels of education during the remote teaching process. This study will also look at the impact of these demotivators on the perception of educators regarding the technology-acceptance of E-learning and attitude towards E-learning. Data collected from 1174 school educators with respect to various challenges in E-learning and their acceptance of technology as an alternative mode of teaching have been analyzed through correlation and regression analysis. This study identified major Extrinsic and Intrinsic Demotivators that affect the performance of school educators while imparting education through remote teaching. The results showed that Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use played a mediating role in the relationship between Extrinsic & Intrinsic Demotivators and the Attitude towards E-learning. The outcome of this study is of greater relevance to the School Management Committees and the School Administration to appropriately strategize their plans to implement E-learning as an alternative mode of education in schools. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19. 8.9
Recent Development of Microfluidic Technology for Cell Trapping in Single Cell Analysis: A Review

Microfluidic technology has emerged from the MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System)-technology as an important research field. During the last decade, various microfluidic technologies have been developed to open up a new era for biological studies. To understand the function of single cells, it is very important to monitor the dynamic behavior of a single cell in a living environment. Cell trapping in single cell analysis is urgently demanded There have been some review papers focusing on drug screen and cell analysis. However, cell trapping in single cell analysis has rarely been covered in the previous reviews. The present paper focuses on recent developments of cell trapping and highlights the mechanisms, governing equations and key parameters affecting the cell trapping efficiency by contact-based and contactless approach. The applications of the cell trapping method are discussed according to their basic research areas, such as biology and tissue engineering. Finally, the paper highlights the most promising cell trapping method for this research area.
Direct predictive speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motor fed by matrix converter

This paper proposes a non-cascade -single loop- Direct Speed Control algorithm for surface mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) fed by Matrix Converter. The proposed method uses Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) to manipulate system speed and currents simultaneously. Also, for better performance of the predictive method, an observer designed to estimate mechanical torque and other uncertain parameters of the mechanical subsystem as a lumped disturbance. Simulation results using Matlab/Simulink demonstrate the performance of proposed algorithm.
Fibonacci or quasi-symmetric phyllotaxis. Part I: why?

The study of phyllotaxis has focused on seeking explanations for the occurrence of consecutive Fibonacci numbers in the number of helices paving the stems of plants in the two opposite directions. Using the disk-accretion model, first introduced by Schwendener and justified by modern biological studies, we observe two distinct types of solutions: the classical Fibonacci-like ones, and also more irregular configurations exhibiting nearly equal number of helices in a quasi-square packing, the quasi-symmetric ones, which are a generalization of the whorled patterns. Defining new geometric tools allowing to work with irregular patterns and local transitions, we provide simple explanations for the emergence of these two states within the same elementary model. A companion paper will provide a wide array of plant data analyses that support our view.
Structural Features in Tunica Media of the Aorta in Lamb

In blood vessels situated just after the heart, an irregular blood flow occurs due to some specific structural elements of the tunica media. The current paper describes the histological aspects of some post-cardiac arterial sections in lamb. The tissue samples were collected from five 30 days old male lambs (Țurcană breed). Histological specimens from different regions of the aorta were harvested (i.e., the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic and abdominal regions of the descending aorta). From the specified regions, small pieces (cca. 0.5 cm) were fixed in neutral 10% buffered formalin. The tissues were subsequently embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned at 5 μm, and stained with Goldner’s trichrome and Verhoeff methods. Tissue analysis was performed using an Olympus system for image acquisition and analysis. Histological appearance of the assessed segments of the aorta in lamb is unusual. Major changes occur in tunica media of the aorta. In the ascending aorta, aortic arch and thoracic regions of the aorta, the histological outline is somewhat the same. The internal region of the media possesses the typical lamellar arrangement. Concerning the outer part of tunica media, the smooth muscle has a tendency to form bundles of various sizes. The muscle islands are not present in the media of abdominal region of the aorta, which exhibits the classic pattern of elastic arteries.
Dynamic Virtual Network Slicing and Orchestration for Selective MEC Services over Wide-Area SDN

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) has become an essential technology for collecting, analyzing, and processing data generated by widely distributed user equipment (UE), wireless end-hosts, Internet of things (IoT) sensors, etc., providing real-time and high-quality networking services with ultralow end-to-end latency guaranteed between various user devices and edge cloud computing nodes. However, the cloud resources at the MEC on-site (access point) and edge site are restricted and insufficient mainly because of the operation and management constraints (e.g., limited space and capacity), particularly in the case of on-demand and dynamic service resource deployment. In this regard, we propose a selective MEC resource allocation scheme adopting a multitier architecture over a wide-area software-defined network (SDN) on the basis of our recent research work on virtual network slicing and resource orchestration. The proposed scheme provides an optimized MEC selection model considering end-to-end latency and efficient service resource utilization on the basis of the hierarchical MEC service architecture.
A Novel Graft between Pac Choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) and Daikon Radish (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus)

Vegetable grafting has primarily been used in the commercial production of high-value crops in the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families. In this study, we explored the feasibility of making a novel graft between pac choi (Brassica rapa L. var. chinensis) and daikon radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus) to create a plant with harvestable pac choi leafy vegetable above-ground, and a daikon radish taproot below-ground. ‘Mei Qing Choi’ pac choi (scion) was grafted onto ‘Bora King’ daikon radish (rootstock). Grafted pac choi–daikon radish plants did not show a decrease in SPAD value, canopy size, leaf number, leaf area, or above-ground weight compared with self-grafted pac choi plants. However, taproot formation was reduced in grafted pac choi–daikon radish plants, as shown by decreased taproot length, diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight compared with non- and self-grafted daikon radish plants. Surprisingly, grafting with radish increased the photosynthetic rate of the pac choi. This pilot study demonstrated the potential of creating a new pac choi–daikon radish vegetable product to help save growing space and minimize waste at consumption, as pac choi roots are not eaten and radish leaves are usually discarded. The inter-generic grafting between B. rapa var. chinensis and R. sativus var. longipinnatus could also provide a unique model system to help elucidate scion-rootstock synergy and above- and below-ground sink competition in horticultural crops.
Multiscale Characterization of Embryonic Long Bone Mineralization in Mice

Long bone mineralization occurs through endochondral ossification, where a cartilage template mineralizes into bone‐like tissue with a hierarchical organization from the whole bone‐scale down to sub‐nano scale. Whereas this process has been extensively studied at the larger length scales, it remains unexplored at some of the smaller length scales. In this study, the changes in morphology, composition, and structure during embryonic mineralization of murine humeri are investigated using a range of high‐resolution synchrotron‐based imaging techniques at several length scales. With micro‐ and nanometer spatial resolution, the deposition of elements and the shaping of mineral platelets are followed. Rapid mineralization of the humeri occurs over approximately four days, where mineral to matrix ratio and calcium content in the most mineralized zone reach adult values shortly before birth. Interestingly, zinc is consistently found to be localized at the sites of ongoing new mineralization. The mineral platelets in the most recently mineralized regions are thicker, longer, narrower, and less aligned compared to those further into the mineralized region. In summary, this study demonstrates a specific spatial distribution of zinc, with highest concentration where new mineral is being deposited and that the newly formed mineral platelets undergo slight reshaping and reorganization during embryonic development.
Workplace Implications of Idiopathic Hypersomnia in the Setting of Occupational Sleep Medicine: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background and Objective: Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) manifests with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cognitive and autonomic symptoms, debilitating sleep inertia, difficulty awakening, prolonged sleep duration, and non-restorative sleep. Here, we present a case with IH who was a shift worker in an automobile factory. Workplace implications and fitness for work in safety-sensitive jobs are especially important for patients with hypersomnolence, because rates of accidents increase in these situations. Case Report: The patient was a 34-year-old man referred to Baharloo Sleep Clinic, Tehran, Iran, because of EDS. He was a shift worker in an automobile factory. The subject underwent multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) after overnight polysomnography (PSG). He had no sleep onset rapid eye movement (REM) periods in MSLT and the mean sleep latency (MSL) was 5.75 minutes. According to PSG and MSLT report, the diagnosis of narcolepsy was ruled out. According to his sleep log, the patient slept more than 11 hours per 24 hours and had MSL lower than eight minutes. Our patient used modafinil for improvement of his symptoms and he was unfit for working in night shifts. Conclusion: Here, we reported a case of IH. Attention to past medical history, occupational history, sleep log or actigraphy, PSG, and MSLT findings is very helpful for diagnosis and confirmation of IH. Pre-employment and periodic evaluation of sleepiness, accident analysis, and tracking in an integrative sleepiness or fatigue management system would be very useful. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
The monsoon hydroclimates in HadGEM3 model configurations GA3.0 and GA4.0: Impact of remote versus local circulations errors and horizontal resolution

Abstract. State-of-the-science general circulation models (GCMs) are the primary tools for making policy-relevant climate calculations. Yet, these models face challenges in monsoon regions where live more than 70 % of the world's population, due to the complex interplay of local and remote influences on a spectrum of space and time scales. This work examines the fidelity to reproduce regional and global monsoons climatological features using the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) third and fourth generations Global Atmosphere (GA3.0) and (GA4.0), two configurations of the HadGEM3 system developed for seamless use across climate and weather time scales. Results are compared both against multiple observational gridded datasets and outputs from 20 atmospheric-only GCMs simulations from the CMIP5 campaign. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of remote versus local atmospheric circulation errors by constraining realistically HadGEM3 circulations over a prescribed monsoon domain and examining the consequences outside and inside this domain using the grid-point nudging method. The GA3.0 largely captures global monsoon features, including the monsoon precipitation patterns and extent of regional monsoon domains, when integrated using a low (~ 135-km in mid-latitudes), medium (~ 60 km in mid-latitudes) and high (~ 25 km in mid-latitudes) horizontal resolutions. GA4.0 and GA3.0 results display a close similarity, and compares reasonably well against the best available CMIP5 models. The common failure of HadGEM3 configurations is the simulated weak magnitude and extent of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) precipitation pattern, and associated low-level Somali jet. This situation is also apparent within HadGEM2-A, ACCESS1-0, and CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 – three GCMs sharing dynamical and physical components. HadGEM3 performance improves significantly over ASM with atmospheric circulations constrained realistically over the tropics, West African and Asian Summer monsoon domains. Conversely, constraining atmospheric circulations over other remote monsoon domains show little influence on the ASM precipitation. We argue that GA4.0 and GA3.0 poor simulations over the ASM domain are attributable, partly to local atmospheric circulations errors and excessive precipitation over the southwest equatorial Indian Ocean, rather than to remote tropical atmospheric responses of varying forcing fields, such as SST over the Arabian Sea, aerosols, and growing greenhouse gas emissions. The improved understanding of GCM performance in monsoon regions is an important step for credible projections of global monsoon changes.
Monitoring of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients with Severe AcquiredBrain Injury at First Access to Intensive Neurological Rehabilitation in 2016

Background: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) usually has onset 48 hours or more after admission or within 14 days of discharge. The aim of this study was to evaluate cases of HAP encountered in a consecutive series of patients with severe acquired brain injury (sABI), admitted to specialised intensive rehabilitation units. We collected data to evaluate the increasing complexity of early rehabilitation admissions of these patients, especially the impact of lung infections on their recovery and on the success of rehabilitation.
Psikolojik Rahatlığın Bilgi Paylaşımı, Çalışmaya Tutkunluk ve Çalışan Performansı Üzerine Etkisi

Bu arastirmanin amaci, calisanlarin psikolojik rahatlik algisinin onlarin bilgi paylasimi, gorev performansi, baglamsal performansi ve calismaya tutkunluklari uzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Psikolojik rahatlik algisi yuksek olan calisanlarin islerine yonelik olumlu tutum ve davranislari gosterecekleri iddia edilmektedir. Arastirmanin orneklemini, Suleyman Demirel Universitesi ve Isparta Uygulamali Bilimler Universitesi’nde idari birimlerde gorev yapan memur ve surekli isciler olusturmaktadir. Veriler kume ornekleme yontemi kullanilarak 433 kisiden anket yoluyla toplanmistir. Olceklerin yapisal gecerlilikleri Dogrulayici Faktor Analizi ile sinanmistir. Sonucta, psikolojik rahatlik ve bilgi paylasiminin tek boyutlu, performansin iki boyutlu ve calismaya tutkunlugun uc boyutlu yapilari dogrulanmistir. Hipotezlerin test edilmesinde ise Yapisal Esitlik Modellemesi kullanilmistir. Yol analizi sonuclari incelendiginde psikolojik rahatligin, bilgi paylasimi (β=.198; p .05) uzerinde anlamli etkisinin bulunmadigi da tespit edilen bir diger noktadir. Elde edilen sonuclara gore H3a hipotezi ise desteklenmemistir.
Benchmarking Automotive LiDAR Performance in Arctic Conditions

This work shows and analyzes the LiDAR performance in real-world heavy winter conditions captured in Northern Europe. We review how low temperatures, salted roads and turbulent snow in front of a passenger car influence LiDAR systems developed for automated driving functions. Two test cars were driven in the north of Finland and Sweden for 1.5 weeks to gather a large amount of point cloud data in different urban and rural scenarios. We show that the benchmarked LiDAR sensors have surprising performance differences in winter. Some of the sensors got mechanically frozen whereas others went out of the measurement range and were completely blind. Especially the latest multi-layer sensors showed significant problems. We propose countermeasures such as heating and protecting in order to improve the performance and suggest how the software can take the performance degradation into account.
Boosting the Timeliness of UAV Large Scale Mapping. Direct Georeferencing Approaches: Operational Strategies and Best Practices

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is nowadays a standard approach in several application fields. Researches connected with these systems cover several topics and the evolution of these platforms and their applications are rapidly growing. Despite the high level of automatization reached nowadays, there is still a phase of the overall UAVs’ photogrammetric pipeline that requires a high effort in terms of time and resources (i.e., the georeferencing phase). However, thanks to the availability of survey-grade GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers embedded in the aerial platforms, it is possible to also enhance this phase of the processing by adopting direct georeferencing approaches (i.e., without using any ground control point and exploiting real time kinematic (RTK) positioning). This work investigates the possibilities offered by a multirotor commercial system equipped with a RTK-enabled GNSS receiver, focusing on the accuracy of the georeferencing phase. Several tests were performed in an ad-hoc case study exploiting different georeferencing solutions and assessing the 3D positional accuracies, thanks to a network of control points. The best approaches to be adopted in the field according to accuracy requirements of the final map products were identified and operational guidelines proposed accordingly.
Parameters of normal and peculiar massive single and multiple stars

A precise characterization of stars through their fundamental parameters and chemical fingerprints is a basic and non-trivial step that complements the study of the stellar structure and evolution, allowing us to understand their nature in more detail. The large variety of massive stars present in nature prevents us to study them in a unique way and challenges standard spectral modeling and analyses. We summarize investigations from the past 12 years on the analysis of different kind of massive stars, from the simplest single objects to multiple systems. The scope of this review is to provide the broader community with tools (biased towards our experience) to judge results from spectroscopic studies to complement analyses of stellar variability using photometric observations.
Gene expression analysis of starch metabolism using mRNAseq and the potato genome sequence

using Crops such as potatoes that have storage organs (tubers) placed in the soil produce twice the amount of energy per area unit compared to cereals. This makes these kinds of crops well suited as a starting point for future crops for food and energy production. In order to develop a potato with higher starch yield than presently possible, de-tailed knowledge about starch metabolism is crucial. Accumulation of carbohydrates in the form of starch in potato tubers is the result of both anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes are highly redundant in terms of gene isoforms and multiple metabolic pathways. Synthesis of starch can take place by direct incorporation of glucose-1-phosphate into starch catalysed by starch phosphorylase [1] or via ADP-glucose catalysed by ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase [2,3,4] and starch synthase [5], while starch breakdown can occur via phosphorylytic or hydrolytic reactions [6,7,8]. In potato, starch synthesis takes place not only in tubers but also in leaves in the form of transient starch during the day, which is consumed in the absence of photosynthesis during the night. This poster will present the results of a transcriptome analysis based on the draft potato genome sequence v3. Samples from stolons tubers potato the diploid breeding hy-brid RH ( S. tuberosum x tuberosum ) [9] and doubled monoploid DM ( S. tuberosum phureja ) [9],