Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Principal component analysis and artificial neural network analysis of oral tissue fluorescence spectra: Classification of normal premalignant and malignant pathological conditions

Pulsed laser‐induced autofluorescence spectroscopic studies of pathologically certified normal, premalignant, and malignant oral tissues were carried out at 325 nm excitation. The spectral analysis and classification for discrimination among normal, premalignant, and malignant conditions were performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) separately on the same set of spectral data. In case of PCA, spectral residuals, Mahalanobis distance, and scores of factors were used for discrimination among normal, premalignant, and malignant cases. In ANN, parameters like mean, spectral residual, standard deviation, and total energy were used to train the network. The ANN used in this study is a classical multiplayer feed‐forward type with a back‐propagation algorithm for the training of the network. The specificity and sensitivity were determined in both classification schemes. In the case of PCA, they are 100 and 92.9%, respectively, whereas for ANN they are 100 and 96.5% for the data set considered. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82: 152–166, 2006
Gender Chauvinism and the Division of Labor in Humans

Among human cultures a consistent theme exists in the pattern of male-female division of labor. According to Van den Berghe's text of human social biology, "in virtually all societies, men have monopolized war, hunting, fishing, and running public affairs, and women have primarily nurtured young children . carried water, gathered fuel, harvested fruits and nuts, and transformed food for general consumption (grinding grain, cooking, preserving meat)" [1, p. 53]. Some claim that the relevance of sex to the division of labor in human society is one of the few great generalizations of cultural anthropology [2]. Despite the gains that are being made in terms of the appointment of women to high office, it seems to us that, in America, individual reaction to a chauvinist status quo still varies widely, from endorsement or acceptance to rejection and impatience. Here we examine various explanations of the present division of labor and power between the sexes. We suggest that differences in male and female behaviors—and gender-based discrimination—have arisen from the expression of different reproductive strategies of the sexes, compounded by cultural differences pertaining to environmental resources and socioeconomics. We describe a biosocial
Gene expression patterns in relation to the clinical phenotype in Klinefelter syndrome.

CONTEXT Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common chromosome disorder in men (47,XXY), exhibiting a phenotype with marked variation and increased morbidity. The pathophysiological link between the supernumerary X chromosome and the clinical phenotype remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To elucidate whether differential gene expression patterns can be detected in KS patients and whether these are related to inherent clinical features. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS EXAKT (Epigenetics, X-chromosomal Features and Clinical Applications in Klinefelter Syndrome Trial) is a Münster-based prospective project involving 132 Klinefelter men and their parents. A range of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic factors, in comparison to age-matched male (n = 50)/female controls (n = 50) and in relation to genetic features, is assessed. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Our predefined hypothesis was that differential gene expression patterns in blood cells exist in KS patients vs male controls and are related to the clinical phenotype. RESULTS Differential expression of 36 X-chromosomal and autosomal genes put KS patients into a unique genetic setting vs male and female controls. The KS cohort exhibited increased insulin resistance, enhanced inflammatory and procoagulatory status, higher waist circumference, dyslipidemia, and a markedly shorter 12-lead electrocardiogram QTc interval (partly located within the pathological range) vs male controls (all P < .001). Clinical dyshomeostasis was associated with expression patterns of dysregulated genes (all P < .01). Parental origin of the supernumerary X chromosome was a confounder regarding insulin resistance and cardiac phenotype (P < .05). Results are considered preliminary because gene expression was measured in blood cells. CONCLUSIONS The supernumerary X chromosome contributes to a number of pathologies in KS. The pattern of gene expression is altered in KS, and the degree of differential gene expression is associated with the clinical phenotype.
Pathogen burden and cortisol profiles over the day

SUMMARY Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) regulation in adults is influenced by early psychosocial adversity, but the role of infectious disease history is poorly understood. We studied the association between cumulative pathogen burden and cortisol profile over the day in a sample of 317 healthy men and women aged 51–72 years. Cumulative pathogen burden was defined as positive serostatus for Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Salivary cortisol was sampled repeatedly over the day. The cortisol slope was defined as the decrease across the day and evening. Age, gender, grade of employment, body mass index, smoking status, self-rated health, cardiovascular medication, depressed mood and time of waking were included as covariates. The pathogen burden averaged 1·76 (s.d.=0·92). The cortisol slope was inversely associated with pathogen burden after controlling for covariates. When individual pathogens were studied, only CMV was associated with flatter cortisol rhythms in isolation. We conclude that pathogen burden is independently associated with flatter cortisol slopes over the day, and may contribute to disturbed neuroendocrine regulation.
First and second passage times of Rayleigh processes

The first and second passage times of a stationary Rayleigh process R(t,a) are discussed. R(t,a) represents the envelope of a stationary random process consisting of a sinusoidal signal of amplitude and frequency f_{0} plus stationary Gaussian noise of unit variance having a narrow-band power spectral density which is symmetrical about f_{0} . Approximate integral equations are developed whose solutions yield approximate probability densities concerning the first and second passage times of R(t,a) . The resulting probability functions are presented in graphs for the case when the power spectral density of the noise is Gaussian. Related results concerning the approximate distribution function of the absolute minimum or absolute maximum of R(t,a) in the closed interval [0,\tau] are also presented. The exact probability densities are expressed in the form of an infinite series of multiple integrals.
Literary Field and the Question of Method – Revisited

Field theory is one of the most efficient and influential analytical schemes in the critical sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, which he consistently developed in his model of literary field. The analytical reliability of the model derives from the way in which Bourdieu combines the structural category of “field” with the phenomenological categories of “doxa” and “habitus”. This article argues that Bourdieu’s selective application of the two phenomenological categories produces a static structural model of literary field where all processes are explained in causal and deterministic terms. The article further seeks to present an alternative reading of the same categories within a discursive model where the processes in literary field and the motivations of its agents are driven by field’s discourses rather than by its rigid structures.
Microvascular Invasion Is a Better Predictor of Tumor Recurrence and Overall Survival Following Surgical Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Compared to the Milan Criteria

Objective:To compare microvascular invasion (McVI) with parameters defined by the Milan criteria in predicting tumor recurrence and overall survival (OS) in patients with surgical resection (SR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Summary Background Data:Although the Milan criteria is discriminatory for selecting patients with good outcomes in liver transplantation and SR for HCC, it neither adequately predict tumor recurrence nor explain differences in survival for patients with good liver function. McVI is a strong indicator of intrahepatic metastasis in HCC, but its relative significance for predicting clinical outcomes compared to the Milan criteria is unclear. Methods:Patients undergoing SR with curative intent from January 2000 to March 2009 at the Singapore General Hospital were followed up for long-term outcomes till January 1, 2010. They were stratified first by the Milan criteria and then by the presence of McVI and compared relative to OS. Results:Altogether, 454 of the 515 patients received curative SR. There were stratified into 4 groups (Milan+, McVI−), (Milan+, McVI+), (Milan−, McVI−), and (Milan−, McVI+). All pair-wise comparisons between groups relative to OS were significant except (Milan+, McVI−) (OS, 90%, 73%, and 60% at 1, 3, and 5 years) with (Milan−, McVI−) (OS, 86%, 71%, and 61% at 1, 3, 5 years) and (Milan+, McVI+) with (Milan−, McVI+). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that McVI was predictive of OS, after which Milan status did not add additional discriminative information. Conclusions:McVI is a better predictor of tumor recurrence and OS than the Milan criteria after SR for HCC. Assessment of McVI should aid in patient selection for adjuvant treatments to improve outcomes after SR.
Statistical Analysis on Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines in Several Regions of China

Lightning is a substantial cause that leads to serious lightning failures, which has a significant influence on the normal operation of the entire power grid. This paper mainly focused on several regions of China with serious lightning activity, presenting the lightning performance of power grids by statistics obtained from long-term monitoring data, and intended to indicate some general characteristics. The lightning tripout rate, the shielding failure tripout ratio, the occurrence frequency corresponding tripout failures of different phases of single-circuit or double-circuit transmission lines, and the multicircuit simultaneous tripout failures of multicircuit transmission lines were analyzed. These statistical results presented a panorama of the lightning protection effect of transmission lines in China. The statistical data in this paper are informative to guide the future research or engineering practice of lightning protection of transmission lines, and will be helpful to evaluate the analysis methods of lightning performance of transmission lines.
The Application of Genetic Fuzzy Neural Network in Project Cost Estimate

Applications of neural network were widely used in construct project cost estimate. Aim at handling weakness of poor convergence and insufficient forecast, an improved fuzzy neural network method based on SOFM (self-organizing feature map) and GA (genetic algorithm) was proposed to replace the fashionable T-S fuzzy neural network. The method illustrated how to apply SOFM and GA to improve the fault such as poor convergence and insufficient forecast. After optimizing of T-S fuzzy neural network model, construct project cost estimate model had been built up. Finally, the model was set up with the purpose of comparing generalization ability by 18 examples and 2 testing samples. Comparing the simulation, a positive result was found that genetic fuzzy neural network had a better performance in reducing the forecast error and iterating times than BP, BP optimized by GA, GA-BP, fuzzy neural work. Therefore, this model is fit for handling construct project cost estimate.
Perceptions of tobacco advertising and marketing that might lead to smoking initiation among Chinese high school girls

More than 320 million of China’s 1.3 billion people are smokers (66.9% of all men and 4.2% of all women ⩾15 years old). 1 Although Chinese men have been the subject of considerable research,2–4 little is known about smoking initiation among women. Our preliminary tobacco document research suggests significant female market segmentation and brand development by transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) in China. To understand the influence of these factors, we conducted a pilot study on susceptibility among young women in Beijing. We assembled five focus groups of high school girls aged 16–19 years (n = 27) during summer 2006. After obtaining informed consent, a trained, female medical student conducted focus groups to ascertain knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, beliefs and intentions to smoke. Thirteen subjects reported smoking experience (smoked 100 lifetime cigarettes or smoked …
Language Impairment Resulting from a de novo Deletion of 7q32.1q33

We report on a girl who presents with hearing loss, behavioral disturbances (according to the Inventory for Client and Agency Planning) as well as motor and cognitive delay (according to Battelle Developmental Inventories) which have a significant impact on her speech and language abilities [according to the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (ed 3), and the Prueba de Lenguaje Oral de Navarra-Revisada (Navarra Oral Language Test, Revised)]. Five copy number variations (CNVs) were identified in the child: arr[hg18] 7q32.1q33(127109685-132492196)×1, 8p23.1(7156900-7359099) ×1, 15q13.1(26215673-26884937)×1, Xp22.33(17245- 102434)×3, and Xp22.33(964441-965024)×3. The pathogenicity of similar CNVs is mostly reported as unknown. The largest deletion is found in a hot spot for cognitive disease and language impairment and contains several genes involved in brain development and function, many of which have been related to developmental disorders encompassing language deficits (dyslexia, speech-sound disorder, and autism). Some of these genes interact with FOXP2. The proband's phenotype may result from a reduced expression of some of these genes.
Prevalence of Gum Disease in Preterm and Term Adolescents

Aim: Assess and compare the prevalence of gum disease in preterm and term-born adolescents. Materials and Methods: A cross section study was conducted involving adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19. One group of 120 preterm-born adolescents and a g roup of 149 term-born adolescents (control). Physicians conducted physical exams in these groups to measure pubertal stages, dividing the patients into 3 subgroups according to Tanner’s stages. The dental exam was conducted by four specialist dentist examiners. The community periodontal index of treatment need and measurements of plaque index were conducted. Results: Comparing the preterm-born adolescents to the termborn ones, it was verified that the term group presented a higher prevalence of gum disease than the preterm group and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of gum disease when comparing the preterm-born adolescents with weight at birth < 1500 to the ones weighing ≥ 1500 grams. The preterm-born adolescent group did not present significant difference in the prevalence of gum disease in relation to Tanner’s subgroups; however, when both groups were assessed together, it was verified that females, after the growth spurt, present a 3.7 times higher risk of gum disease. Conclusion: The ranges of weight upon birth, low weight and very low weight did not impact the prevalence of gum disease in premature adolescents. Growth spurt increases the risk of developing periodontal disease in the female gender. Girls, after the spurt, tend to have more gum disease than girls before the spurt.
Roles of fibroblast growth factor receptors ( FGFRs ) in carcinogenesis

Address correspondence to: Ellen Margrethe Haugsten, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway Phone: +47 22 78 19 13 E-mail: Ellen.M. Haugsten@rr-research.no and Jørgen Wesche, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway Phone: +47 22 78 19 31 Fax: +47 22 78 18 45 E-mail: Jorgen.Wesche@rr-research.no Published OnlineFirst on October 13, 2010
Prevalence of germline truncating mutations in ATM in women with a second breast cancer after radiation therapy for a contralateral tumor

Patients treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy for early‐stage breast cancer develop a contralateral breast cancer at a rate of approximately 0.75% per year. Ataxia‐telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessive disease that is characterized by increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) and cancer susceptibility. Epidemiologic studies have suggested that AT carriers, who comprise 1% of the population, may be at an increased risk for developing breast cancer, particularly after exposure to IR. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed blood samples from 57 patients who developed a contralateral breast cancer at least 6 months after completion of radiation therapy for an initial breast tumor. A cDNA‐based truncation assay in yeast was used to test for heterozygous mutations in the ATM gene, which is responsible for AT. No mutations were detected. Our findings fail to support the hypothesis that AT carriers account for a significant fraction of breast cancer cases arising in women after exposure to radiation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:124–129, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The precorneal tear film. I. Factors in spreading and maintaining a continuous tear film over the corneal surface.

Using artificial tear solutions with varying constituents in physiologic concentrations, surface chemical properties of the constituents have been studied. Both mucus (glycoprotein) and simple proteins are capable of lowering the surface tension of tears. Mucus has a great affinity for an oilwater interface. Conjunctival mucus spread by the action of the lids and adsorbed at the corneal surface is thought to be the principal factor in spreading the precorneal tear film. A hypothesis to explain the effect is presented.
Regulation of Both Glycogen Synthase and PHAS-I by Insulin in Rat Skeletal Muscle Involves Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-independent and Rapamycin-sensitive Pathways (*)

Incubating rat diaphragm muscles with insulin increased the glycogen synthase activity ratio (minus glucose 6-phosphate/plus glucose 6-phosphate) by approximately 2-fold. Insulin increased the activities of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and the M = 90,000 isoform of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (Rsk) by approximately 1.5-2.0-fold. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was more effective than insulin in increasing MAP kinase and Rsk activity, but in contrast to insulin, EGF did not affect glycogen synthase activity. The activation of both MAP kinase and Rsk by insulin was abolished by incubating muscles with the MAP kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, PD 098059; however, the MEK inhibitor did not significantly reduce the effect of insulin on activating glycogen synthase. Incubating muscles with concentrations of rapamycin that inhibited activation of p70 abolished the activation of glycogen synthase. Insulin also increased the phosphorylation of PHAS-I (phosphorylated heat- and acid-stable protein) and promoted the dissociation of the PHAS-I•eIF-4E complex. Increasing MAP kinase activity with EGF did not mimic the effect of insulin on PHAS-I phosphorylation, and the effect of insulin on increasing MAP kinase could be abolished with the MEK inhibitor without decreasing the effect of insulin on PHAS-I. The effects of insulin on PHAS-I were attenuated by rapamycin. Thus, activation of the MAP kinase/Rsk signaling pathway appears to be neither necessary nor sufficient for insulin action on glycogen synthase and PHAS-I in rat skeletal muscle. The results indicate that the effects of insulin on increasing the synthesis of glycogen and protein in skeletal muscle, two of the most important actions of the hormone, involve a rapamycin-sensitive mechanism that may include elements of the p70 signaling pathway.
Design and Analysis of Testable Reversible Sequential Circuit Using Verilog HDL

Programmable reversible logic design is trending as a prospective logic design style for implementation in recent nanotechnology and quantum computing with low impact on circuit heat generation.The design of testable sequential circuits by two vectors using conservative logic. The proposed sequential circuits based on conservative logic outclass the traditional sequential circuits built using classical gates in terms of testability. Any sequential circuits based on conservative logic can test for stuck-at 0 and stuck-at 1 fault by using two vectors 0 and 1. The design of testable Master-slave D flip-flop, Double Edge triggered flip flop (DET) flip-flop using two vectors 0 and 1 are presented. The importance of the proposed work is that we are designing reversible sequential circuits suitable for testing. Hence both conservative logic and reversible logic is used. In the proposed work, we design a reversible sequential circuit using Fredkin gate. Fredkin gate is the only reversible gate which supports both conservative and reversible logic and also having less quantum delay.
Effect of transferrin on the degradation of glycoproteins bearing a hybrid or high-mannose glycan by alveolar macrophages.

A subfraction of hen ovalbumin and a special form of rat transferrin, possessing a hybrid glycan, were studied with respect to their binding to, and degradation by macrophages isolated from the rat lung. Both ligands were found to be degraded partly through the mannose receptor pathway and partly by another mechanism, presumably adsorptive pinocytosis. Catabolism of both proteins was markedly increased by adding standard (i.e., normally glycosylated) transferrin from various species to the medium. This increase was not diminished, or even augmented, when Ca2+ was depleted in the medium, thus implying involvement of the pinocytic pathway rather than the mannose receptor. Binding to the cell surface of both ligands was altered in the presence of transferrin. A hypothesis is advanced to suggest that when transferrin is bound to a component of macrophage plasmalemma, thought to be the glycosaminoglycan of heparan sulfate, its conformation may change in such a way that it attracts other proteins. Protein molecules temporarily captured by adsorbed transferrin would then be taken up by a "piggyback" process and degraded.
Low birth weight, bone metabolism and fracture risk

As for other diseases of higher age low birth weight was expected to be a risk factor for an altered bone metabolism and osteoporosis. One the first glance this expectation appears to be confirmed by animal data: rats with intrauterine growth restriction following maternal protein malnutrition show a reduction of bone mineral density going in line with a decrease in serum vitamin D concentrations. However, the situation is less clear in newborns with low birth weight: Some studies show a relation of birth weight and bone mineral density whereas others don’t. The older the former low birth weight patients the fainter the effect seems to be. In fact young adults with idiopathic short stature have a low bone mineral density than the low birth weight group irrespective of whether they have experienced catch-up growth or not. As a consequence low birth weight is can not be identified as a relevant risk factor for hip fractures in menopausal women. Postmenopausal women with low birth weight even show higher vitamin D concentrations than normal birth weight individuals. In conclusion, there is no consistent long term effect of low birth weight on bone mineral density or hip fracture risk later in life. Whether methodological weaknesses in the studies performed so far are causal or whether postnatal factors such as physical activity and nutrition are of higher importance can only be speculated upon at present.