Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Prevalent and Incident Trichomonas vaginalis Among Women Attending Three Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics

Goal: Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection in the United States and may be associated with adverse birth outcomes and may also increase susceptibility to or transmissibility of human immunodeficiency virus. The purpose of this analysis is to describe the epidemiology of T. vaginalis in Sexually Transmitted Disease clinics and characterize the risk factors associated with prevalent and incident T. vaginalis within the same population. Methods: We analyzed data from visits occurring during February 1999–December 2001 from 3 sexually transmitted disease clinics in Newark, NJ; Long Beach, CA; and Denver, CO. Data were analyzed from 1462 women aged 15 to 39 years who were tested by culture at their initial visit for T. vaginalis, and for 1269 women with at least 1 follow-up visit. Risk factors for prevalent infections at baseline and incident infections among treated or previously uninfected women were assessed. Results: At baseline, 13.0% of the women had a prevalent infection; risk factors included the following: older age (≥20 years), black race, having less than 12 years of education, and having a concurrent chlamydial infection. At follow-up, 4.6% of women had an incident infection; risk factors included the following: older age (35–39 years), black race, having a concurrent chlamydial infection, having had multiple sexual partners in the 3 months before incident infection, and having had T. vaginalis at the visit before their incident infection. Conclusions: T. vaginalis incidence is high in women. Risk factors for prevalent and incident infection are similar. T. vaginalis was associated with older age in women, unlike other sexually transmitted infections.
Street hierarchies: a minority of streets account for a majority of traffic flow

Urban streets are hierarchically organized in the sense that a majority of streets are trivial, while a minority of streets is vital. This hierarchy can be simply, but elegantly, characterized by the 80/20 principle, i.e. 80% of streets are less connected (below the average), while 20% of streets are well connected (above the average); out of the 20%, there is 1% of streets that are extremely well connected. This paper, using a European city as an example, examined, at a much more detailed level, such street hierarchies from the perspective of geometric and topological properties. Based on an empirical study, we further proved a previous conjecture that a minority of streets accounts for a majority of traffic flow; more accurately, the 20% of top streets accommodate 80% of traffic flow (20/80), and the 1% of top streets account for more than 20% of traffic flow (1/20). Our study provides new evidence as to how a city is (self‐)organized, contributing to the understanding of cities and their evolution using increasingly available mobility geographic information.
Temporal variables in first and second language speech and perception of fluency

Evidence is accumulating that many temporal features of second language speech are correlated with those of first language speech. This study looks at the correlation between articulation rate, pause rate, and mean pause duration in Japanese first and English second language speech and how second language fluency raters perceive these. In a crosslinguistic corpus of spontaneous speech, mean pause duration was found to have a near-high correlation while the other two temporal variables have a moderate correlation. A subsequent elicitation of fluency judgments on the second language English speech via Amazon Mechanical Turk showed that ratings were highly dependent on pause duration, rather less on articulation rate, but not on pause rate. Results suggest that raters’ perception of second language fluency is divergent from speakers’ actual second language development: Ratings are related to features that are not indicative of second language development but rather of individual speech patterns.
Primary Systemic Amyloidosis: A Case Report

Primary systemic amyloidosis is a rare entity. We report a case of primary systemic primary amyloidosis, an elderly male presented with generalized weakness since 6 months. Clinical examination revealed typical waxy lesions in the periorbital area with macroglossia. Serum electrophoresis was normal, however, bone marrow examination showed increased plasma cell with a good number of both binucleated and immature plasma cells. Diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy using haemotoxylin & eosin staining and congo red staining. Polarised microscopy was not done because of unavailability. We present the myriad manifestations of this uncommon disease entity.
Tuberculosis in disadvantaged groups

Tuberculosis remains predominantly a disease of the disadvantaged and marginalized. The incidence of the disease is increasing in many industrially developed countries, particularly among the poor, ethnic minorities, prisoners and other institutionalized persons, and the socially isolated and hard to reach groups. Strengthening of the tuberculosis services is required to care for these groups. Millions of people in the developing nations are disadvantaged by poverty and inequity, and recent health sector reforms have not always been entirely in their interest. A further serious problem is the HIV/AIDS pandemic, which not only facilitates the spread of tuberculosis but, by its associated stigma, leads to delayed treatment seeking and poor adherence to therapy. In recent times, emphasis has moved away from didactic principles of tuberculosis “control” to community-and patient-centered health services, based on analysis of local factors affecting case finding and adherence to therapy.
Regional Differences in Incidence Rates, Outcome Predictors and Survival of Stroke

The aim of our study was to compare subtype-specific incidence rates, case-fatality rates and outcome predictors in different geographical areas, and decide what drives the variations. Analyzing standardized, prospective stroke registers in the Akita Prefecture, Japan, and in Hungary with catchment areas of more than 1.2 and 1.5 million during the same 18 months, we assumed population and ethnic variations in subtype-specific incidence rates, indicating higher risk of ischemic stroke in Hungary and higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke in Japan. The determinants of 28-day case-fatality rates, at least in part, also varied in different populations. However, survival from stroke was mainly influenced by stroke management.
Erreur humaine et intégration du cadenassage/décadenassage à la planification de la production et de la maintenance avec demande stochastique dans un système manufacturier flexible

Le cadenassage/decadenassage (C/D) est une obligation legale au Quebec selon l’article 188.2 du reglement sur la sante et la securite du travail, RSST (D. 1187-2015, a. 3). Recemment, en septembre 2015, le conseil d’administration de la Commission des normes, de l'equite, de la sante et de la securite du travail (CNESST) a enterine un projet de reglement plus severe visant a introduire dans le RSST des dispositions plus specifiques sur le C/D et les methodes de controle des energies dangereuses. Les modifications apportees viennent preciser notamment les responsabilites de chaque intervenant. Ce projet de recherche traite un probleme de processus decisionnels des systemes de production. L'objectif principal vise le developpement d'une politique de commande optimale, robuste et souple, facilitant l'integration du C/D a la planification de la production et de la maintenance corrective (MC) dans un systeme manufacturier flexible (FMS). La finalite est de minimiser les couts totaux de production integrant les couts d’inventaire et de penurie et d’inciter de maniere durable, par le biais du C/D, le travailleur ainsi que l’employeur a render leurs lieux de travail securitaires. A cet egard, la prise en consideration du FMS dans un environnement incertain a permis de mettre en exergue l’importance de l’erreur humaine (EH) a la gestion conjointe de la production et de la MC integrant les procedures de C/D selon l’article de la CNESST susmentionne. Le FMS sous etude est constitue d’une machine produisant deux types de produits (M1P2) pour repondre a deux types de demandes. Le systeme est sujet a la defaillance humaine sous forme d’EH, ainsi qu'a des pannes et des reparations stochastiques. Une politique de commande optimale de la production et de la MC est developpee par le biais d’une approche combinant un formalisme analytique et des methodes numeriques ainsi qu’experimentaux. Cette derniere est basee sur la simulation, les plans d’experiences et des outils statistiques, ainsi que les algorithmes genetiques. Par ailleurs, une illustration numerique et une analyse de sensibilite seront presentee pour exprimer l'utilite et l'efficacite de l'approche proposee. In fine, il sera determine le taux de production qui minimise les couts escomptes d’inventaire et de penurie dans un horizon de planification infinie. Cette approche permet de definir les processus de decision optimaux a moindre cout et realistes d’integration du C/D dans un FMS tout en prenant en compte l’influence de l’EH a la politique de commande optimale de la production et de la maintenance.
Protective perioperative strategy using a third generation hydroxyethyl starch during surgery in a murine model of liver reperfusion injury.

PURPOSE To investigate whether a third generation colloid, hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4), used for perioperative fluid therapy, protects the rat liver against the late-phase response of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and if inhibition of neutrophil hepatic infiltration plays a part in this mechanism. METHODS Wistar rats were used (8 in each group). Three groups had IRI induced by lobar vascular occlusion (60 minutes) and reperfusion (24 hours) and received HES (13 mL/kg iv), 7.5% saline (HS) (13 mL/kg iv) or no fluid. Three other groups were sham-operated and received the same fluid as the test groups. After 24 hours of reperfusion, blood was drawn for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) quantification and ischemic liver samples were taken for histological study (hematoxylin and eosin and chloroacetate staining of neutrophils). RESULTS HES treatment attenuated the elevation in serum ALT (P=0.001) and reduced the extent of hepatocellular necrosis (P<0.01) compared with the IRI controls. HES-mediated cytoprotection was associated with a decrease of infiltration of neutrophils in the necrotic areas (P<0.05) compared with the untreated IRI rats, but not with the volume control IRI rats (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Hydroxyethyl starch suppresses inflammatory response and ameliorates the late-phase response of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Writing , Cognition , and Affect From the Perspectives of Sociocultural and Historical Studies of Writing CHARLES BAZERMAN

I begin with a personal introduction. I am not trained as a psychologist; nor do I do psychological research, and I am not associated primarily with psychologically based theories. Rather, I am a writer, a teacher, a researcher, and a theorist of writing—working largely from sociocultural and historical perspectives. I have studied how writing forms relations and shares meanings with others and how writing creates new social realities with the historical changes in the tasks, forms, contexts, technologies, processes, and meanings of writing. Yet, as a writer, I spend much time with my thoughts, searching for emergent communicative impulses and identifying the ideas and emotions I want to communicate. I also go through roller coasters of emotions as I struggle with writing. As an observer of my growth as a writer I have witnessed six decades of learning, associated with expanding cognitive possibilities. I remember specifi c cognitive development episodes such as stylistic imitation in adolescent years, a curiosity about text structure in the middle of my undergraduate years, a fascination with metaphor during the summer when I was 22, and an obsession with genre and intertextuality in my 30s and 40s. These and many other episodes of focused thought and learning increased my ability to conceive new meanings and think new thoughts. Each engaged me with a broader set of writing resources and knowledge. As a teacher, I see students invest great mental effort into writing, and I see them struggling with emotions evoked by both the contents and processes of their writing. Much of my instruction is to help them identify and develop thoughts they wish to express, how to think about constructing and interpreting texts, and how to monitor and sharpen their writing processes. I also help create an affective atmosphere that allows them to carry out the diffi cult work of writing. As a teacher,
A Framework for generalized reference image reconstruction methods including HYPR‐LR, PR‐FOCUSS, and k‐t FOCUSS

To investigate the relationships among highly constrained back projection (HYPR)‐LR, projection reconstruction focal underdetermined system solver (PR‐FOCUSS), and k‐t FOCUSS by showing how each method relates to a generalized reference image reconstruction method. That is, the generalized series model employs a fixed reference image and multiplicative corrections—that model is extended here to consider reference images more broadly, both in image space and in transform spaces (x‐t and x‐f spaces), and that can evolve with iteration.
Marginal bone level changes in association with different vertical implant positions: a 3-year retrospective study

Purpose To retrospectively evaluate the relationship between the vertical position of the implant-abutment interface and marginal bone loss over 3 years using radiological analysis. Methods In total, 286 implant surfaces of 143 implants from 61 patients were analyzed. Panoramic radiographic images were taken immediately after implant installation and at 6, 12, and 36 months after loading. The implants were classified into 3 groups based on the vertical position of the implant-abutment interface: group A (above bone level), group B (at bone level), and group C (below bone level). The radiographs were analyzed by a single examiner. Results Changes in marginal bone levels of 0.99±1.45, 1.13±0.91, and 1.76±0.78 mm were observed at 36 months after loading in groups A, B, and C, respectively, and bone loss was significantly greater in group C than in groups A and B. Conclusions The vertical position of the implant-abutment interface may affect marginal bone level change. Marginal bone loss was significantly greater in cases where the implant-abutment interface was positioned below the marginal bone. Further long-term study is required to validate our results.
Las transferencias públicas y privadas y su importancia en la pobreza

En este documento se estudia los efectos de las transferencias publicas y privadas en los indicadores de pobreza. La alta incidencia en terminos del numero de personas que reciben estas transferencias y de los montos de estas justifica este estudio. Se utiliza un metodo que permite estimar el ingreso de las personas sin estas trasferencias y posteriormente identificar el cambio en los indicadores de pobreza debido a la ausencia de estos recursos. Se encuentra que la tasa de pobreza promedio entre el 2015 y 2016 seria cinco puntos porcentuales mayor a los datos oficiales en ausencia de las transferencias, siendo la mayor contribucion en este monto el de las transferencias privadas. Ademas, un porcentaje relevante de las transferencias privadas provienen de regiones vecinas, razon por la cual una proporcion alta de la poblacion en situacion de pobreza se beneficia del crecimiento economico de otras regiones.
Angelman Syndrome: Clinical Profile

To further delineate the clinical and developmental features of Angelman syndrome, we collected data through three sources of information: (1) physical examinations; (2) laboratory data and family questionnaire data of affected individuals; and (3) literature review. The questionnaire data describes a generally normal prenatal and birth history. Feeding difficulties, developmental delay, or seizures were the presenting problems in all infants. The diagnosis of Angelman syndrome, however, was not made in any infant prior to 1 year of age. Except for seizures, no medical or surgical complication was common, although a variety of visual complaints or findings were common. Sixty percent of Angelman syndrome children had a cytogenetically demonstrated deletion of chromosome 15q11-q13. The individuals with and without a deletion could not be differentiated clinically. Diagnosis in early childhood is therefore difficult, and a high index of suspicion is recommended. (J Child Neurol 1992;7:270-280).
Silymarin: A review of pharmacological aspects and bioavailability enhancement approaches

Silymarin, a flavonolignan from the seeds of 'milk thistle' (Silybum marianum), has been widely used from ancient times because of its excellent hepatoprotective action. It is a mixture of mainly three flavonolignans, viz, silybin, silidianin, and silychristine, with silybin being the most active. Silymarin has been used medicinally to treat liver disorders, including acute and chronic viral hepatitis, toxin/drug-induced hepatitis, and cirrhosis and alcoholic liver diseases. It has also been reported to be effective in certain cancers. Its mechanism of action includes inhibition of hepatotoxin binding to receptor sites on the hepatocyte membrane; reduction of glutathione oxidation to enhance its level in the liver and intestine; antioxidant activity; and stimulation of ribosomal RNA polymerase and subsequent protein synthesis, leading to enhanced hepatocyte regeneration. It is orally absorbed but has very poor bioavailability due to its poor water solubility. This review focuses on the various pharmacological activities of silymarin including the clinical trials. For the first time, the review also looks at the formulation work that has been done to enhance its solubility, so as to increase its bioavailability and thus, its hepatoprotective action.
The Sorry State of F2 Hybrids: Consequences of Rapid Mitochondrial DNA Evolution in Allopatric Populations

Through the processes of natural selection and genetic drift, allopatric populations diverge genetically and may ultimately become reproductively incompatible. In cases of prezygotic reproductive isolation, candidate systems for speciation genes logically include genes involved in mate or gamete recognition. However, where only postzygotic isolation exists, candidate speciation genes could include any genes that affect hybrid performance. We hypothesize that because mitochondrial genes frequently evolve more rapidly than the nuclear genes with which they interact, interpopulation hybridization might be particularly disruptive to mitochondrial function. Understanding the potential impact of intergenomic (nuclear and mitochondrial) coadaptation on the evolution of allopatric populations of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus has required a broadly integrative research program; here we present the results of experiments spanning the spectrum of biological organization in order to demonstrate the consequences of molecular evolution on physiological performance and organismal fitness. We suggest that disruption of mitochondrial function, known to result in a diverse set of human diseases, may frequently underlie reduced fitness in interpopulation and interspecies hybrids in animals.
Evolution of juvenile growth rates in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata): predator regime or resource level?

Recent theoretical and empirical work argues that growth rate can evolve and be optimized, rather than always being maximized. Chronically low resource availability is predicted to favour the evolution of slow growth, whereas attaining a size–refuge from mortality risk is predicted to favour the evolution of rapid growth. Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) evolve differences in behaviour, morphology and life–history traits in response to predation, thus demonstrating that predators are potent agents of selection. Predators in low–predation environments prey preferentially on small guppies, but those in high–predation environments appear to be non–selective. Because guppies can outgrow their main predator in low– but not high–predation localities, we predict that predation will select for higher growth rates in the low–predation environments. However, low–predation localities also tend to have lower productivity than high–predation localities, yielding the prediction that guppies from these sites should have slower growth rates. Here we compare the growth rates of the second laboratory–born generation of guppies from paired high– and low–predation localities from four different drainages. In two out of four comparisons, guppies from high–predation sites grew significantly faster than their low–predation counterparts. We also compare laboratory born descendants from a field introduction experiment and show that guppies introduced to a low–predation environment evolved slower growth rates after 13 years, although this was evident only at the high food level. The weight of the evidence suggests that resource availability plays a more important role than predation in shaping the evolution of growth rates.
Eating attentively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating.

BACKGROUND Cognitive processes such as attention and memory may influence food intake, but the degree to which they do is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine whether such cognitive processes influence the amount of food eaten either immediately or in subsequent meals. DESIGN We systematically reviewed studies that examined experimentally the effect that manipulating memory, distraction, awareness, or attention has on food intake. We combined studies by using inverse variance meta-analysis, calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) in food intake between experimental and control groups and assessing heterogeneity with the I(2) statistic. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were reviewed. Evidence indicated that eating when distracted produced a moderate increase in immediate intake (SMD: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.53) but increased later intake to a greater extent (SMD: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.07). The effect of distraction on immediate intake appeared to be independent of dietary restraint. Enhancing memory of food consumed reduced later intake (SMD: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.68), but this effect may depend on the degree of the participants' tendencies toward disinhibited eating. Removing visual information about the amount of food eaten during a meal increased immediate intake (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.68). Enhancing awareness of food being eaten may not affect immediate intake (SMD: 0.09; 95% CI: -0.42, 0.35). CONCLUSIONS Evidence indicates that attentive eating is likely to influence food intake, and incorporation of attentive-eating principles into interventions provides a novel approach to aid weight loss and maintenance without the need for conscious calorie counting.