Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Method to Model MOSFET's Second Breakdown Action for Circuit-Level ESD Simulation

A method to exact the electrical parameters and model the "second breakdown" action of MOSFET's under ESD (electrostatic discharge) on circuit-level, using TCAD simulation, is presented. MOSFET is one of the most important ESD protection devices, and is widely used as I/O protection device in integrated circuits. The avalanche breakdown of the MOSFET can be simulated by TCAD tools and the circuit-level model has been presented. However, accurate modeling and insightful analyzing of the "second breakdown" action, which leads to the permanent failure of the MOSFET, is rarely reported. We present an accurate macro model of the MOSFET based on deep analyzing of the physical mechanism of the "second breakdown", using TCAD simulation. This macro model owns fine convergency and accuracy which are of importance to the simulation of the ESD protection ability of the ESD protection network on circuit and system level.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: AN INDICATOR OF STRESS AND A MEANS OF EVALUATING ANIMAL WELFARE

The endocrine system as an indicator of stress and a means of evaluating animal welfare has been examined in this review. Stress endocrinology is an evolving area of study with many research questions to challenge scientists. However, for the past 25 years, the welfare of domestic animals has been an important aspect of animal science. Consequently, scientists have searched for objective ways to evaluate welfare, in that the demonstration of stress indicators could provide an objective information about how well farm animals kept under production conditions have adapted to the environment. Potential indicators have been suggested, both behavioural and physiological stress indicators among others. The endocrine system may be used as indicators of stress. The primary role of hormone may be a part of the homeostatic response to a stimulus (e.g. adrenaline, corticosteroids). The amplitude of hormone response may correlate with the severity of the stimulus. Moreover, a hormone may have a key role in normal body function (e.g. reproduction) and stress may deleteriously alter the hormone, signal prevents normal function. While stress inputs may reduce over time, hormone negative feedback is a major factor reducing hormone responses. This explains a reduction in perceived stimulus severity or habituation to the stimulus and the animal deemed “less stressed” and its welfare “better”. With a better understanding of the basic biology, altered physiological processes involved in stress adaptability, it would be possible to assess and devise strategies for improving animal welfare.
Robust Control for PWM-Based DC–DC Buck Power Converters With Uncertainty Via Sampled-Data Output Feedback

This paper investigates the sampled-data output feedback control problem for dc-dc buck power converters taking consideration of components uncertainties. A reduced-order observer and a robust output feedback controller, both in the sampled-data form, have been explicitly constructed with strong robustness in the presence of uncertain parameters. A delicate stability analysis process is presented to show that, by carefully selecting the design gains and the tunable sampling period, the output voltage of the hybrid closed-loop dc-dc buck converter system will globally asymptotically tend to the desired value even though the separation principle is out of reach and the controller is only switched at the sampling points. The proposed controller consists of a set of linear difference equations which will lead to direct and easier digital implementation. Numerical simulations and experimental results are shown to illustrate the performance of the proposed control scheme.
Effect of low‐power laser irradiation on cell growth and procollagen synthesis of cultured fibroblasts

In dentistry, low‐power lasers have been used in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, gingivitis, periodontitis, and different forms of oral ulcers. This in vitro study focuses on the biostimulation of NIH‐3T3 fibroblasts by a low‐power Ga–As‐pulsed laser.
Hypoglycemia-induced c-Jun Phosphorylation Is Mediated by c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 1 and Lyn Kinase in Drug-resistant Human Breast Carcinoma MCF-7/ADR Cells*

We studied the signal transduction mechanism that is involved in c-Jun phosphorylation evident after glucose deprivation in MCF-7/ADR cells. Glucose deprivation caused an immediate increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in MCF-7/ADR cells and specifically activated Lyn kinase, a src family tyrosine kinase. In addition, hypoglycemic treatment strongly activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), leading to the phosphorylation and activation of c-Jun. Experiments with Lyn antisense oligonucleotides demonstrated that Lyn kinase activation was responsible for the activation of JNK1 but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase. We also observed glucose deprivation-induced Ras activation in MCF-7/ADR cells. These results indicate a possible Ras-dependent signaling pathway involving Lyn kinase and JNK1, which leads to the glucose deprivation-induced responses in MCF-7/ADR cells.
The Effect of Corrective Taping of the Patella on Patella Position as Defined by MRI

Taping of the patella is a common treatment for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and has been shown to reduce pain. The reason for this affect is unknown; it has been proposed that taping alters patella orientation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies investigating this are limited and the results are contradictory. Eight subjects (5 female, 3 male, 10 knees in total) with PFPS were involved in the study. MRI scans were taken at 0, 10, and 20 degrees of knee flexion, prior to and after patella taping. Lateral patella displacement (LPD) was determined for both conditions at each joint angle. Mean LPD data were compared using two-way ANOVA. Taping resulted in a significant reduction in LPD (p < 0.05) at all joint angles. The absolute average reductions in LPD here 0.4, 1.1, and 0.7 mm at 0°, 10°, 20° knee flexion, respectively. This change was small but might be sufficient to bring about the biologically significant changes resulting in the reported reduction in pain.
Active Sets, Nonsmoothness, and Sensitivity

Nonsmoothness pervades optimization, but the way it typically arises is highly structured. Nonsmooth behavior of an objective function is usually associated, locally, with an active manifold: on this manifold the function is smooth, whereas in normal directions it is "vee-shaped. " Active set ideas in optimization depend heavily on this structure. Important examples of such functions include the pointwise maximum of some smooth functions and the maximum eigenvalue of a parametrized symmetric matrix. Among possible foundations for practical nonsmooth optimization, this broad class of "partly smooth" functions seems a promising candidate, enjoying a powerful calculus and sensitivity theory. In particular, we show under a natural regularity condition that critical points of partly smooth functions are stable: small perturbations to the function cause small movements of the critical point on the active manifold.
A Cooperative Safety Zone Approach to Enhance the Performance of VANET Applications

Safety applications in VANETs relies on various type of information exchanges among vehicles of which Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) has the largest share in the network load due to their periodic broadcast nature. As the vehicle density grows, the load generated by the CAMs could increase beyond the transmission capacity of a VANET resulting in the loss of neighborhood information and a higher utilization of the control channel. In this paper, we present the concept of a safety zone to adaptively control the transmit power of CAMs to restrict the network load without compromising the safety features of VANET applications. Moreover, we also introduce a new cooperative information sharing technique to increase the vehicle's awareness beyond the transmission range. The simulation results show that the proposed technique could significantly reduce the packet losses and channel utilization for a range of vehicle densities.
Mirroring avatars: dissociation of action and intention in human motor resonance

Observation of others’ actions induces a subliminal activation of motor pathways (motor resonance) that is mediated by the mirror neuron system and reflects the motor program encoding the observed action. Whether motor resonance represents the movements composing an action or also its motor intention remains of debate, as natural actions implicitly contain their motor intentions. Here, action and intention are dissociated using a natural and an impossible action with the same grasping intention: subjects observe an avatar grasping a ball using either a natural hand action (‘palmar’ finger flexion) or an impossible hand action (‘dorsal’ finger flexion). Motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs), elicited by single transcranial magnetic stimulation of the hand area in the primary motor cortex, were used to measure the excitability modulation of motor pathways during observation of the two different hand actions. MEPs were recorded from the opponens pollicis (OP), abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles. A significant MEP facilitation was found in the OP, during observation of the grasping phase of the natural action; MEPs in the ADM were facilitated during observation of the hand opening phase of the natural action and of both opening and grasping phases of the impossible action. MEPs in the ECR were not affected. As different resonant responses are elicited by the observation of the two different actions, despite their identical intention, we conclude that the mirror neuron system cannot utilize the observer’s subliminal motor program in the primary motor cortex to encode action intentions.