Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Females benefit from mating with different males in the scorpionfly Panorpa cognata

The adaptive significance of female polyandry has become a recurrent subject of recent theoretical and empirical research. It has been argued that in addition to direct benefits, such as nuptial gifts or an adequate sperm supply, females may gain genetic benefits from mating with different males. Females of the scorpionfly Panorpa cognata mate with several males during their lifetime. In an experiment designed to rule out any direct nutritional benefit of multiple matings, I found that polyandrous females that mated with two different males achieved a significantly higher egg-hatching success than monandrous females that mated twice with the same male. However, individual males did not trigger the same response in different females as the egg-hatching success of different females that mated with one and same male did not correlate. The results, thus, do not conform to predictions from hypotheses assuming that genetic benefits of polyandry are influenced by the intrinsic genetic quality of males. The results are, however, consistent with the genetic incompatibility hypothesis. Nevertheless, substances from different males transferred during copulation may synergistically affect zygote viability. Furthermore, I discuss why paternity studies can only explicitly test the genetic incompatibility hypothesis if there are a priori expectations of female-male genome compatibilities. Copyright 2006.
A Comparison of the Effects of Dictogloss and Oral Dialogue Journal Techniques on Iranian EFL Learners Acquisition of Request Speech Act

This study aimed at comparing the effect of dictogloss and oral dialogue journal on the Iranian EFL learners? pragmatic competence in terms of acquisition of request speech act during an eight weeks instruction period. To begin with, the two experimental groups were homogenized by a proficiency test and then pretested by a request speech act test. The results obtained through a written DCT administered to 120 Iranian EFL learners indicated that both group? s request speech- acts effective, but dictogloss were group was significantly better than that of oral dialogue journal group. Taguchi (2006) rating scale of pragmatic competence was used to rate the learners? performance on the pretest and posttest. According to this classification, the development process involved 5 steps. Eventually, the EFL learners answer sheets were assessed by allocating a score to each step. It is hoped that the findings of this study could add to the body of knowledge in pragmatics in general and to our understanding of EFL context in particular.
Acumulación y excedente en argentina.

Si bien existen leyes generales que regulan el funcionamiento del sistema capitalista, la particularidad especifica que presenta cada pais no puede entenderse sin relacionar esta a un contexto historico determinado. Argentina es un pais que ha experimentado enormes transformaciones economicas en los ultimos anos, y que de ser ejemplo en los circulos academicos ha pasado a enfrentar a fines de 2001 la mayor crisis economico-social de su historia. En este marco, el presente trabajo intenta dar cuenta de dos elementos que resultan decisivos para explicar el reciente desempeno economico del pais. Por un lado, analizaremos, para el periodo 1976-2006, el patron de acumulacion imperante en la economia argentina, asi como las politicas economicas que lo han forjado y sostenido. Por otra parte, una vez identificado el patron de acumulacion, intentaremos revisar el modo en que el excedente generado se ha distribuido entre las distintas clases sociales, poniendo el enfasis en la distribucion funcional del ingreso en tanto condicionante del modo de acumulacion.
Zur Neuropathologie der Schizophrenien

Up to now it is not known whether the ventricular enlargement in schizophrenics demonstrated by neuroradiological investigations is caused by a general brain atrophy or a more or less selective degeneration of one or several areas. Therefore, the volumes of several parts of the basal ganglia, of the diencephalon and of the limbic system were determined by planimetry of myelin-stained serial sections in post mortem brains of 14 schizophrenic patients and 13 control cases. The important limbic structures of the temporal lobe (amygdala, hippocampal formation), the ventricle closely surrounding structures of the diencephalon, and the pallidum internum are significantly smaller in the schizophrenic group, whereas the volumes of the pallidum externum, of the three parts of the striatum (caudatum, putamen, n. accumbens), of the red nucleus, and of the large thalamic cell groups have not significantly changes. The volume reductions are interpreted as focal degenerative shrinkages of unknown etiology.
The Nonlinear Federal Income Tax

We construct a nonlinear function that gives an accurate description of the U.S. federal personal income tax since its inception. The function has …ve parameters for which we construct time series over the period 1913-2005. The parameters are exogenous entities that can be used as explanatory variables in economic analysis. They de…ne the income tax law, and all major changes in income tax policy must be re‡ected in them. We discuss the characteristics of the …ve parameters’time series, examine the historical context of major changes in them, and investigate the relation of their intertemporal variation to the sharp reduction in volatility of macroeconomic time series after about 1950. We examine the relation of the parameter series to other tax series in the literature and to various components of federal spending.
Some observations on the contractile tissue of the mammary glands

Recent histological studies (Richardson, 1949; Linzell, 1952; Silver, 1954) have provided strong circumstantial evidence for the view that the mammary myoepithelium is a contractile tissue, which produces milk ejection in response to oxytocin released from the posterior pituitary gland during suckling. However, direct evidence of contractility is lacking. A number of other substances have been reported as causing partial or complete milk ejection in the isolated perfused cow's udder (Petersen, 1942; Peeters, Sierens & Silver, 1952), but it cannot be decided with certainty whether they are acting upon the myoepithelial cells around the alveoli or upon the smooth muscle of the teat and cistern, which has been shown to contract in response to many drugs as well (Peeters, 1948). Direct microscopical examination of the living mammary gland has been undertaken to determine the site of action of the substances producing the expulsion of milk and to study the response of the myoepithelial cells. Preliminary results have been previously reported to the Physiological Society (Linzell, 1954).
Myeloid leukemia subtype-dependent sensitivity to matrix mechanics

The bone marrow (BM) milieu exhibits a range of micro-elasticity, which provides resident cells with important biomechanical cues to elicit biological responses. Myeloid leukemia is a cancer of bone marrow and blood frequently associated with profound alterations in BM microenvironment by fibrosis. The mechanical changes may result from pathology, but whether they conversely play a role in causing the progression remains unclear. Here we test the hypothesis that myeloid leukemic cell proliferation is regulated by matrix stiffness. We demonstrate that myeloid leukemia subtypes defined by different genetic mutations show distinct cell proliferation profiles in response to matrix mechanics.
CUSTOS DA QUALIDADE NA INDÚSTRIA DE CALÇADOS DE COURO

O volume de divisas obtido em funcao das exportacoes, associado a geracao de empregos e a influencia economica nos polos produtores, atesta a importância do setor de calcados de couro na economia brasileira. A exportacao de calcados, por sua vez, suscita a necessidade de atender os novos mercados consumidores no que se refere as expectativas de preco, prazos de entrega, design, especificacoes tecnicas e, sobretudo da qualidade do produto. Desta forma, a atencao das empresas calcadistas dirige-se a garantia e melhoria da qualidade dos produtos, tanto aqueles destinados ao mercado externo como interno. Contudo, a preocupacao com a qualidade do produto final ainda nao se traduziu na adocao de programas da qualidade pela maioria das empresas do setor. Neste sentido, a mensuracao dos Custos da Qualidade apresenta-se como um elemento capaz de motivar a implantacao de programas da qualidade uma vez que permite, atraves de aspectos economicos, evidenciar as vantagens a se obter em termos de reducao de custos, satisfacao dos clientes e de retorno financeiro. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho e mostrar que a mensuracao dos Custos da Qualidade, atraves de um Sistema de Custos da Qualidade, pode representar a primeira iniciativa, no sentido de motivar os empresarios do setor calcadista, para implantacao de programas da qualidade.
Underestimating Risk for Three Important Human Carcinogens: Vinyl Chloride, Benzene, and Butadiene

The last 10 years has seen an unprecedented development of procedures, including biomarkers of effect such as chromosome painting, DNA repair evaluations, and somatic cell mutation assays, that can be applied to monitoring individuals exposed to toxic substances. ' These new procedures, as well as older conventional ones, are being underutilized in human monitoring studies. * In establishing priorities for testing chemicals, one has to question the wisdom of continuing to allocate sparse resources to test chemicals that are well characterized as human carcinogens. Spending time and money conducting further studies on wellcharacterized human chemical carcinogens will be of little value to the victims of chemical exposure. The pressing need is to clean up the known hazardous chemical pollutants. Chemicals already identified as animal carcinogens (IARC 2A or 2B) and where significant human exposure to them exists should receive our immediate attention for application of these new and relevant genetic screening procedures. The need to reevaluate this group of chemicals is especially critical given the existing data, which suggests that current risk assessment, based on extrapolation from high-dose animal studies to low-dose chronic exposure in humans, underestimates the true risk of chemical exposure. In this paper I will (a) review data that indicates that extrapolation from highdose animal experiments to low-dose human exposure may underestimate the true genotoxic (carcinogenic) risk for human exposure to vinyl chloride, benzene, and butadiene; (b) indicate how in vitro and in vivo mechanistic and toxicokinetic studies with butadiene were misinterpreted and led to faulty conclusions as to the true risk of human exposure; and (c) discuss the need to utilize existing biomarkers of effect to characterize populations exposed to known animal carcinogens.
Efficacy of a Single Preoperative Dexamethasone Dose to Prevent Nausea and Vomiting After Thyroidectomy (the tPONV Study): A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

Objective: Does dexamethasone given before thyroidectomy reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in a randomized controlled trial? Background: PONV is an unsettling problem that commonly occurs in patients after thyroidectomy. Various preventive measures have been studied; however, many of these studies have been criticized for their biases (eg, use of opioids, sex selection) or were even retracted. Methods: This single-institution, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority study was performed between January 1, 2011, and May 30, 2013. Patients undergoing thyroidectomy for benign disease were allocated by a block randomized list to receive a preoperative single dose of dexamethasone (8 mg) or placebo. Patients and staff were blinded to the treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was the incidence of PONV assessed at 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 48 hours after surgery. To observe an incidence reduction of 50%, a total of 152 patients were required for the study. Results: The total incidence of PONV was reported in 65 of 152 patients (43%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 35–51). In the intention-to-treat analysis, PONV occurred in 22 of 76 patients (29%; 95% CI, 20–40) in the treatment arm and in 43 of 76 patients (57%; 95% CI, 45–67) in the control arm (P = 0.001; odds ratio = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.16–0.61; absolute risk reduction = 28%; 95% CI, 12–42). The number needed to treat was 4. No severe dexamethasone-related adverse events were observed during the study. Conclusions: A single dose of preoperative dexamethasone administration is an effective, safe, and economical measure to reduce PONV incidence after thyroidectomy.
Getting patients to exercise more: a systematic review of underserved populations.

Fewer than half of all Americans get sufficient physical activity, defined as 30 minutes or more per day, at least 5 times per week.1 The need to increase physical activity applies particularly to underserved populations: they are even less likely to get enough physical activity, and are thus even more likely to suffer greater burden of disease.2,3 The purpose of this systematic review is to assess clinical trials of clinician-initiated counseling interventions to promote physical activity in underserved populations. We define underserved populations as individuals from minority ethnic backgrounds (such as African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans), or vulnerable populations such as persons with low educational attainment, low income, lack of insurance, or those residing in rural communities.
Dimension reduced sparse recovery method for clutter suppression in bistatic MIMO radar

In airborne bistatic multiple-input multiple-output radar systems, the transmit angle domain can be exploited to improve the performance of clutter cancellation. However, the dimensions of the clutter covariance matrix (CCM) are increased and more independent and identically distributed (iid) training samples are required to estimate the CCM. In this paper, a sparse recovery based dimensional reduced method is proposed to cancel the clutter without training samples. Unlike exist direct data domain sparse recovery (D3SR) method, the proposed method only uses partial grids in space-time domain to reconstruct the CCM and the computation load is then reduced. Simulation and analysis confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
High‐Resolution Optical Mapping of Ventricular Tachycardia in Rats with Chronic Myocardial Infarction

Background: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a common cause of mortality in post‐myocardial infarction (MI) patients, even in the current era of coronary revascularization treatment. We report a reproducible VT model in rats with chronic MI induced by ischemia‐reperfusion and describe its electrophysiological characteristics using high‐resolution optical mapping.
Deep semantic hashing of 3D geometric features for efficient 3D model retrieval

As the scale of 3D model databases increase, speed, in addition to accuracy, of its search becomes very important. One way to achieve fast search is to use a compact 3D shape feature whose cost of comparison is very small. Binarization of a real-valued feature vector, via hashing, is a way to obtain such compact feature vector. Previous algorithms for producing binarized 3D model features via hashing consisted of two disconnected stages; handcrafted real-valued 3D shape feature extraction followed by hashing into binary code. This compartmentalized approach, however, leads to less-than optimal binary codes, as these two stages are optimized independently. This paper proposes a deep semantic hashing algorithm called Binarized Deep Local feature Aggregation Network (BDLAN) which jointly optimizes real-valued feature extraction per 3D model and its banarization via hashing. BDLAN training minimizes quantization error caused by binarization. However, this constraint alone often maps real-valued features to their nearest binary codes in Hamming space, which are nonoptimal local minima. To alleviate the issue, we add a simple regularization called Probabilistic Bit Inversion (PBI) of binary codes. Experimental evaluation of the proposed algorithms demonstrates superior efficiency and competitive accuracy to the existing 3D model retrieval algorithms employing real-valued features.
Relative rates of RNA synthesis across the genome of Epstein-Barr virus are highest near oriP and oriLyt

The rates of Epstein-Barr virus transcription were measured in isolated nuclei from marmoset and human lymphoblasts transformed in vitro. In B95-8, a marmoset B-lymphoid cell line, the most frequently transcribed viral genes are the EBERs (small nuclear RNAs) and BHLF-1 (encoding a lytic-phase gene product). The EBERs and BHLF-1 genes are separated by nearly 50 kilobase pairs on the Epstein-Barr virus genome and lie adjacent to (less than 300 base pairs from) oriP and oriLyt, respectively. oriP and oriLyt are putative origins of viral DNA replication, and each is associated with a transcriptional enhancer element. Among the human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines tested, only the transcription of EBERs predominates.
Un Programa de Intervención Individualizado con Entrenadores de Fútbol

El objetivo del presente estudio fue el diseno y evaluacion deun programa de intervencion individualizado para fomentar un estilo decomunicacion mas positivo en los entrenadores y favorecer la satisfaccionde las necesidades psicologicas basicas de los jugadores. Este estudio incorporala mini teoria de las necesidades psicologicas basicas de la teoria dela autodeterminacion en los programas individualizados con entrenadores.Utilizamos el CBAS como medida observacional para la evaluacion de laconducta de los entrenadores y una escala para evaluar la percepcion desatisfaccion de las necesidad de autonomia de los jugadores. En el estudioparticiparon tres entrenadores de futbol de 27, 22 y 33 anos de edad y 54jugadores con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 14 anos (M= 12,9;DT= ,54). Tras la intervencion los tres entrenadores lograron el objetivo dereducir las conductas punitivas. En cuanto a los objetivos relacionados conla dimension de apoyo y de satisfaccion de la necesidad de autonomia dosde los tres entrenadores lograron su consecucion. La intervencion individualizadaresulto efectiva para el logro de los objetivos propuestos en dosde los tres entrenadores.
Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Cell Survival Pathway*

Growth factor-dependent survival of a variety of mammalian cells is dependent on the activation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and its downstream effector, the protein kinase Akt. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has been previously identified as a physiological target of Akt, which is inhibited by phosphorylation, so we have investigated the role of GSK-3 in cell survival. Overexpression of catalytically active GSK-3 induced apoptosis of both Rat-1 and PC12 cells, whereas dominant-negative GSK-3 prevented apoptosis following inhibition of PI 3-kinase. GSK-3 thus plays a critical role in regulation of apoptosis and represents a key downstream target of the PI 3-kinase/Akt survival signaling pathway.
Isolation of Propionibacterium Acnes from a Case of Placentitis and Abortion in a Cow

On the basis of the scarcity of reports in the veterinary literature, it appears that Propionibacterium spp. are rarely associated with disease or isolated from cattle tissues. Recently, Propionibacterium spp. has been associated with multifocal abscessation in cattle. This report describes a case of necrosuppurative placentitis and abortion in an adult Holstein cow. Numerous colonies of small, pleomorphic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria were observed within the fibrin lattice associated with placental lesions and within the fetal atelectatic lung. Propionibacterium acnes was isolated in high numbers from the placenta, fetal lung, and stomach contents. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of placentitis associated with propionibacteria in a cow.
Noninvasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants: preliminary observations.

A noninvasive optical method for bedside monitoring of cerebral oxygenation in small preterm infants was evaluated. Through differential absorbance of near infrared light, changes in the oxidation-reduction level of cytochrome aa3, in the oxygenation state of hemoglobin and in tissue blood volume were assessed in the transilluminated anterior cerebral field. Overall, cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin correlated significantly with transcutaneous oxygen, r = . 44 p less than . 0001; however, correlation was best in the absence of cardiorespiratory disease. Hypoxia with or without bradycardia led to hemoglobin deoxygenation and a shift in cytochrome aa3 to a more reduced state. When hypoxic episodes came in series or were prolonged, aa3 reduction occurred simultaneous with hemoglobin deoxygenation but its recovery to base-line values sometimes lagged behind the return of hemoglobin oxygenation. In one infant with a large patent ductus arteriosus, even brief episodes of mild bradycardia caused precipitous reduction of cytochrome aa3 before any shift to greater hemoglobin deoxygenation. This response disappeared after ductal ligation. In general, the antecedent state of cerebral oxygenation, the severity and duration of deoxygenation, and the presence or absence of circulatory abnormalities all influenced the aa3 response to hypoxia. Continuous noninvasive near infrared monitoring of cerebral oxygenation can be performed on sick preterm infants at the bedside.
Caracterização da variabilidade fenotípica em um modelo animal para Síndrome de Marfan

___________________________________________________ The Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disease of connective tissue, which affects 1 in 5,000 individuals. The main clinical manifestations include aneurysms and aortic disruption, excessive growth of bones, scoliosis and thoracic deformities. Mutations in the FBN1 gene, which encodes the fibrillin-1 protein, were genetically linked to the MFS, classifying this disease in the fibrilinopathies group. Over 500 mutations have been identified and, except for a small group of recurrent mutations, the mutations are unique, being found in unrelated families. The disease is characterized by a wide clinical variability both within and between families, and it is not possible to make a precise genotypephenotype correlation. This work concerns the analysis of the mechanisms associated with the clinical variability present within and between MFS families, by qualitative and quantitative characterization of the phenotypic variability observed in the mgΔ model for MFS. We characterize the model mgΔ, in two different mouse strains, the C57BL/6 and the 129/Sv strain. Mutant animals from both strains present defective microfibrillar deposition, emphysema, deterioration of aortic wall and kyphosis. However, the onset of a clinical phenotypes is earlier in the 129/Sv than in C57BL/6 background, indicating the existence of genetic modifiers of MFS between these two mouse strains. In addition, we characterized a wide clinical variability within the 129/Sv heterozygotes, suggesting involvement of epigenetic factors in disease severity. Finally, we show a strong negative correlation between overall levels of Fbn1 expression and the severity of the phenotypes. These results corroborated with studies, using animal models, as well with MFS patients, where the levels of normal fibrillin-1 seem to have the potential to modulate the clinical severity of the disease. In addition, the study also aims to evaluate new treatment possibilities for MFS in this same model.