Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Mutual Information and Partial Least Squares Approach for Quality-Related and Quality-Unrelated Fault Detection

Partial least squares (PLS) and linear regression methods are widely utilized for quality-related fault detection in industrial processes. Standard PLS decomposes the process variables into principal and residual parts. However, as the principal part still contains many components unrelated to quality, if these components were not removed it could cause many false alarms. Besides, although these components do not affect product quality, they have a great impact on process safety and information about other faults. Removing and discarding these components will lead to a reduction in the detection rate of faults, unrelated to quality. To overcome the drawbacks of Standard PLS, a novel method, MI-PLS (mutual information PLS), is proposed in this paper. The proposed MI-PLS algorithm utilizes mutual information to divide the process variables into selected and residual components, and then uses singular value decomposition (SVD) to further decompose the selected part into quality-related and quality-unrelated components, subsequently constructing quality-related monitoring statistics. To ensure that there is no information loss and that the proposed MI-PLS can be used in quality-related and quality-unrelated fault detection, a principal component analysis (PCA) model is performed on the residual component to obtain its score matrix, which is combined with the quality-unrelated part to obtain the total quality-unrelated monitoring statistics. Finally, the proposed method is applied on a numerical example and Tennessee Eastman process. The proposed MI-PLS has a lower computational load and more robust performance compared with T-PLS and PCR.
Spatio-Temporal Grassland Development in Inner Mongolia after Implementation of the First Comprehensive Nation-Wide Grassland Conservation Program

Protection of the grassland’s ecological environment and improvement of people’s livelihoods are major tasks for the management of pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia. The comprehensive program for grassland conservation in China, the Subsidy and Incentive System for Grassland Conservation (SISGC), was launched in 2011. To comprehend the effects of this major step towards sustainable grassland development, this study focuses on the spatio-temporal development of grasslands in Inner Mongolia since 2011. Through the combination of MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite data with up to date meteorological data, we used the indicators of Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) to analyze qualitative and quantitative grassland changes. A classification system on the pixel level, reflecting change trends and fluctuations of both FVC and NPP, was applied to monitor and analyze the grassland development from 2011 to 2019. In particular, the spatial transfer matrix of the recent two years (2018 to 2019) was analyzed to reveal the latest potential issues and random impact factors. The results show a positive overall but spatially unbalanced effect of SISGC, with a prominent positive impact in the semi-desert grassland area. The potential threats from both social and natural aspects as well as the importance of a forecast system for local stakeholders in the pastoral area are discussed.
In-situ synchrotron x-ray characterization of K2CsSb photocathode grown by ternary co-evaporation

K2CsSb is a promising photocathode candidate to serve as an electron source in next-generation light sources such as Free Electron Lasers (FEL) and Energy Recovery Linacs (ERL). As the traditional recipe for creation of K2CsSb photocathodes typically results in a rough surface that deteriorates electron beam quality, significant effort has been made to explore novel growth methods for K2CsSb photocathodes. In this paper, a method of ternary co-evaporation of K, Cs, and Sb is described. By using in-situ synchrotron X-ray techniques, the quality of the photocathode is characterized during and after the growth. K2CsSb photocathodes grown by this method on Si (100) and MgO (001) substrates show strong (222) texture, and the two photocathodes exhibit 1.7% and 3.4% quantum efficiencies at a wavelength of 530 nm, with a rms surface roughness of about 2–4 nm. This represents an order of magnitude reduction in roughness compared to typical sequential deposition and should result in a significant improvement in the.
SMT-Based Contention-Free Task Mapping and Scheduling on SMART NoC

Networks-on-chips (NoCs) are widely used for on-chip communications in embedded multiprocessor architectures. SMART NoC achieves ultralow latency by enabling single-cycle multiple-hop transmission via bypass channels. However, the contention on the bypass channels seriously degrades the performance of SMART NoC by breaking the bypass paths. Therefore, contention-free task mapping and scheduling are essential for optimal system performance. In this letter, we propose an satisfiability modulo theories (SMTs)-based framework to find the contention-free task mapping with the minimum application schedule length. On top of the SMT’s fast reasoning capability for the conditional constraints, we develop efficient search-space reduction techniques to achieve practical scalability. Experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> higher scalability compared to integer linear programming (ILP) approach with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$599.5\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> faster average runtime for finding an optimum solution.
Entwicklungslinien für das Produktionscontrolling im digitalisierten Umfeld

Dr. Jürgen Schmelting ist Abteilungsleiter am Fraunhofer-Institut für Softwareund Systemtechnik ISST in Dortmund. Getrieben durch die Digitalisierung und eine zunehmende Dynamik in den Fertigungsabläufen ist die Relevanz für ein adäquates Produktionscontrolling zunehmend gegeben. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit Herausforderungen, benennt Anforderungen und leitet empirisch Entwicklungslinien für die Evolution der Fachfunktion ab, die zu einem nachhaltigen Relevanzgewinn im Fertigungsumfeld beitragen können.
Does populism go viral? How Italian leaders engage citizens through social media

ABSTRACT This study explores populism in terms of communication while distinguishing between its ideological and stylistic dimensions. We examine the social media communication of the three main Italian political leaders during the last national electoral campaign to underline the differences and similarities in their use of populist communication in terms of ideology and style and assess how it affects Facebook and Twitter engagement. Our analysis shows that the three leaders all adopt populist communication styles but in slightly different ways. In all cases, populist style elements have a stronger impact on online engagement than populist ideology. The main difference between social media seems to be related less to the leaders’ communication elements than to their platform-specific audiences’ positive reactions to populist communication strategies.
Effects of feeding pomegranate peel silage on feed intake and growth performance of Turkey bred sheep

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding pomegranate peel silage with beet top silage, wheat straw, alfalfa hay, barley, cotton seed cake and mineral plus on feed intake and growth performance of Turkey bred sheep in research farm of Agriculture Faculty, Kabul University. Twelve, two and half years old turkey bred sheep with (57.240 ± 5.28) kg average initial body weight were used in a completely randomized design (CRD). Animals were caged individually in 3 groups and 4 replications. Groups included in this experiment were, first group (Control) or T1 pomegranate peel silage (PPS) 0%, second group or T2 (5% PPS) or 106 g and third group or T3 (10% PPS) or 211 g. In addition, animals were fed with 633 g barley, 633 g alfalfa hay, 211 g cotton seed cake, 106 g beet top silage, 4 g mineral plus with the same amount and wheat straw for control group or T1, T2 and T3, 528 g, 422 g and 317 g in dry matter (DM) basis, respectively once in a day at around 8 am. According to statistical analysis, there was a highly significant difference between groups in feed intake and significant difference in growth performance of sheep. According to L.S. D test, it was shown that the second group (T2) was better in feed intake and growth performance compared to other groups. The FCR of T1, T2 and T3 were 12.43, 7.88 and 15.13, respectively and the FCE were 8.05, 12.69 and 6.61 in control group, T2 and T3, respectively. Results of this study suggest that feeding (5%) pomegranate peel silage with wheat straw, alfalfa hay, cotton seed cake, barley, beet top silage and mineral plus affects the feed intake and growth performance of Tukey sheep. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 146-154, December 2020
Shared syntactic representations in bilinguals

Abstract The current study explores the nature of constituent-structure-independent structural priming across the two languages of bilinguals. Specifically, this study tests whether such cross-linguistic priming involves the priming of functional-level syntactic representations shared between the languages, which can be distinguished from the priming of mainly non-syntactic information (e.g., information structure, thematic-role order). Critical prime sentences consisted of Cantonese actives in the Object-Subject-Verb (OSV) order and passives where the patient was grammatically topicalized with the same topic particle. Target responses were produced in English actives or passives. The results show that robust priming from Cantonese Topic-Passives to English passives occurred, but no cross-linguistic priming was observed for Cantonese Topic-OSV active primes. The Topic-OSV active and Topic-Passive constructions share information structure, and are formed in different constituent structures from English actives and passives. Therefore, the robust cross-linguistic passive priming by Topic-Passive primes should in large part be ascribed to functional-level syntactic representations of passive constructions shared by Cantonese and English.
Disentangling cognitive from perceptual load using relational complexity

ABSTRACT Debate centres on the difficulty to distinguish precisely whether cognitive or perceptual load determines performance in tasks such as the Halford Graphical Relational Complexity Task (HGRCT). In this task, visual information is presented, and participants are asked to perform a series of mental operations that require working memory (WM) to complete the task. This study compared performance on purely visual as well as a cognitive task over arity, defined as the “amount of information to be remembered” and so a measure of working-memory load. Errors increased generally with increasing arity. However, reaction-time (RT) slopes revealed small to moderate increases over arity for the visual task while there was a major increase in the RT slope in the cognitive task. It cannot be ruled out that visual information load increases task difficulty, however, the difference in magnitude of the RT slopes over arity indicates that resolving the HGRCT is mainly dependent upon performance in cognitive mechanisms and may be relatively uninfluenced by the performance of perceptual memory systems.
Price bubbles in Beijing carbon market and environmental policy announcement

Abstract This paper examines price bubbles in the relatively new carbon emission trading scheme of Beijing carbon market by employing a recently proposed econometric test which can stamp the occurrence and burst of financial bubbles. We find multiple bubbles in Beijing carbon market over the sample period between January 2014 to April 2018, and that the occurrences of carbon price bubbles are closely related to the announcements of environmental policies by the Chinese government. Comparing our results to the EU ETS, we find that the volatility of carbon price in Beijing market is higher than EU, and interestingly, the bubbles in Beijing market occur when the price volatility is relatively low, while in EU market the bubbles correspond to the peaks of volatility. Our empirical results provide insightful policy implications in the context of the actual China’s carbon market reform. To achieve effective stabilization of carbon price, policymakers should publicize alert notifications of the price fluctuations, and strengthen the carbon markets supervision and promote its improvement.
Dyeing of ecru denim with onion extract as a natural dye using potassium alum in combination with harda and tartaric acid

Ecru denim swatches were dyed with onion extract using potassium alum in combination with natural mordants harda and tartaric acid. Potassium alum-harda combination was found to be better than potassium alum-tartaric acid combination. Among the three mordanting methods, the meta-mordanting produced the best results for both the mordant combinations. Synergistic effect of mordants was observed while using the binary combinations of mordants. There was an overall improvement in performance properties of the samples dyed with various combinations over that of the single-mordanted and the control samples. The samples post-mordanted with potassium alum-tartaric acid (5:5) after dyeing showed the best fastness properties among all the substrates.
Hybrid frequency selective surface phase cancelation structure based broadband switchable radar cross section reduction

In this paper, a switchable radar cross section (RCS) reduction between the two broadbands' (1‐7 GHz and 4‐10 GHz) has been achieved by just considering the integration of hybrid frequency selective surface (FSS) based phase cancelation structure (PCS) with a modified ground square patch antenna operating at 2.4 GHz. The full metallic ground plane of the conventional microstrip antenna (MSA) is replaced by a 2 × 2 array of band‐stop FSS having the same frequency as that of the MSA. This ground plane modification helps to increase the maximum out‐of‐band RCS reduction from 16.4 dB to 20 dB. The ground modified MSA without any PCS exhibits both in‐band and out‐of‐band maximum RCS reduction of 20 dB over a wideband (1‐7 GHz). A new approach is adopted to form the PCS. It is formed by placing two non‐overlapping hybrid FSSs at different heights above the MSA. The MSA with FSS based ground plane along with the hybrid FSS based PCS exhibits good monostatic and bistatic RCS reduction across 4 to 10 GHz without affecting the radiation characteristics of the conventional MSA. The measured results show a close resemblance to the simulated ones.
Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants

1.1 These test methods cover the instrumental determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in laboratory samples of petroleum products and lubricants. Values obtained represent the total carbon, the total hydrogen, and the total nitrogen. 1.2 These test methods are applicable to samples such as crude oils, fuel oils, additives, and residues for carbon and hydrogen and nitrogen analysis. These test methods were tested in the concentration range of at least 75 to 87 mass % for carbon, at least 9 to 16 mass % for hydrogen, and <0.1 to 2 mass % for nitrogen. 1.3 The nitrogen test method is not applicable to light materials or those containing <0.75 mass % nitrogen, or both, such as gasoline, jet fuel, naphtha, diesel fuel, or chemical solvents. 1.4 These test methods are not recommended for the analysis of volatile materials such as gasoline, gasoline-oxygenate blends, or gasoline type aviation turbine fuels. 1.5 The results of these tests can be expressed as mass % carbon, hydrogen or nitrogen. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Spatial Variability of the Snowmelt‐Albedo Feedback in Antarctica

Surface melt is an important process for the stability of ice shelves, and therewith the Antarctic ice sheet. In Antarctica, absorption of solar radiation is mostly the largest energy source for surface melt, which is further enhanced by the snowmelt‐albedo feedback (SMAF): Refrozen snow has a lower albedo than new snow, which causes it to absorb more solar radiation, further increasing the energy available for surface melt. This feedback has previously been shown to increase surface melt by approximately a factor of 2.5 at Neumayer Station in East Antarctica. In this study, we use a regional climate model to quantify SMAF for the entire Antarctic ice sheet. We find that it is most effective on ice shelves in East Antarctica, and is less important in the Antarctic Peninsula and on the Ross and Filchner‐Ronne ice shelves. We identify a relationship between SMAF and average summer 2 m air temperatures, and find that SMAF is most important around 265 ± 2 K. On a subseasonal scale, we identify several parameters that contribute to SMAF: the length of dry periods, the time between significant snowfall events and snowmelt events, and prevailing temperatures. We then apply the same temperature dependency of SMAF to the Greenland ice sheet and find that it is potentially active in a narrow band around the ice sheet, and finally discuss how the importance of SMAF could change in a warming climate.
DISCRETENESS CAUSES WAVES

In the paper, we show that matter waves can be derived from discreteness and causality. Namely we show that matter waves can naturally be ascribed to finite discrete causal systems, the Mealy automata having binary input/output which are bit sequences. If assign real numerical values (‘measured quantities’) to bit sequences, the waves arise as a correspondence between the numerical values of input sequences (‘impacts’) and output sequences (‘system-evoked responses’). We show that among all discrete causal systems with arbitrary (not necessarily binary) inputs/outputs, only the ones with binary input/output can be ascribed to matter waves ψ(x, t) = ei(kx−ωt).
Magnetic and electronic structures of antiferromagnetic topological material candidate EuMg2Bi2

EuMg2Bi2 has been investigated to understand the electronic and magnetic behaviors as an antiferromagnetic (AFM) topological semimetal candidate. High-quality single crystals of EuMg2Bi2 were grown via a Bi flux and, subsequently, characterized to be consistent with the previously reported bulk magnetic and resistivity properties. A ferromagnetic interaction is indicated by the positive Curie–Weiss temperature obtained through fitting the bulk magnetic susceptibility data. The bulk resistivity measurements reveal an interesting electronic behavior that is potentially influenced by a competing antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interaction in and out of the ab plane. From the resulting refinement of the neutron diffraction data, EuMg2Bi2 was found to exhibit an A-type magnetic structure with Eu2+ moments ferromagnetically aligned in the plane and antiferromagnetically stacked between neighbor ferromagnetic Eu layers. The power law fitting magnetic ordering parameter below TN ∼ 8 K agrees with the 2D Heisenberg model, indicating a weak interlayer antiferromagnetic interaction. Considering the magnetic structure determined by neutron diffraction, the surface state calculation suggests that EuMg2Bi2 is an AFM topological insulator candidate. Linearly dispersed Dirac surface states were also observed in our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements, consistent with the calculation.
Willingness to share personal health information: impact of attitudes, trust and control

Purpose: The study explicates the behavioral factors that determine willingness to share personal health data for secondary uses. Design/methodology/approach: A theoretical model is developed and tested with structural equation modeling using survey data from Finland. Findings: It is shown that attitude towards information sharing is the strongest factor contributing to the willingness to share personal health information. Trust and control serve as mediating factors between the attitude and willingness to share personal health information. Research limitations/implications: The measures of the model need further refinement to cover the various aspects of the behavioral concepts. Practical implications: The model provides useful insights into the factors that affect the willingness for information sharing in healthcare and in other areas where personal information is distributed. Social implications: Sharing of personal health information for secondary purposes can offer social benefits through improvements in healthcare performance. Originality/value: A broad-scale empirical data gives unique view of attitudes towards sharing of personal health information in one national setting.
The Interplay of Objectivity and Subjectivity in Landscape Character Assessment: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches and Challenges

Landscape character assessment (LCA) methods have been used in the past few decades to analyze, classify, and map landscape types, using objective and subjective approaches, with the aid of both quantitative and qualitative data. This paper addresses and critically evaluates the compromises and ways in which contemporary LCA methodologies employ (or profess they employ) objective versus subjective and quantitative versus qualitative data and analytical tools, in their conceptualization and implementation. It begins with an extensive literature review of the ways in which the objective/subjective and the quantitative/qualitative variables interweave in currently practiced or proposed versions of LCA. With the aid of meta-analysis, the paper traces and discusses the recent evolution, methods, concessions, and risks of such endeavors, and develops an integrative conceptual model for critical assessment, analysis, and negotiation of the interplay between objective-subjective and quantitative-qualitative constituent parts of existing LCA methodologies. It concludes by pointing to pitfalls and prospects, in the broader attempt towards a more concerted, integrative approach to LCA development and practice, both appropriate to its challenges and adaptable to time-space-culture-discipline landscape particularities and means of implementation.