Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The natural course of low back pain and early identification of high-risk populations

Study design: A systematic and critical literature review. Objectives: To investigate the long-term course of incident and prevalent cases of low back pain. Summary of Background Data: It is often claimed that up to 90% of low back painepisodes resolves spontaneously within a month. However, the literature in this area is confusing due to considerable variations regarding the exact definitions of low back pain as well as recovery. Therefore, the claim – attractive as it might be to some – may not reflect reality. Methods: A comprehensive search of the topic was carried out utilizing both Medline and EMBASE databases. The Cochrane Library and the Danish Article Base were also screened. Journal articles following the course of low back pain without any known intervention were included, regardless of study type. However, the population had to be representative of the general patient population and a follow-up of at least 12 months was a requirement. Data was extracted independently by two reviewers using a standard check list. The included articles were also independently assessed for quality by the same two reviewers before they were studied in relation to the course of low back pain using various definitions of recovery. Results: Thirty-six articles were included. The mean reported proportion of patients who a) still experienced pain after 12 months is 62% (range 42-75), b) were sick-listed 6 months after inclusion into the study is 16% (range 340), c) experienced relapses of pain was 60% (range 44-78), or d) had relapses of work absence was 33% (range 26-44). The mean reported prevalence of LBP in cases with previous episodes was 56% (range 14-93) vs. 22% (range 7-39) for those without a prior history of LBP. The risk of LBP was consistently about twice as high for those with a history of LBP. Conclusions: Despite the methodological variations and the lack of comparable definitions, the overall picture is that LBP does not resolve itself when ignored. Future research should include subgroup analyses and strive for a consensus regarding the precise definitions of LBP.
The occupational repertoires of children with mobility difficulties: The child’s perspective

Introduction Children with mobility difficulties are thought to share similar participation repertoires due to the impact of their physical impairments. However, with these children, as with all others, individual differences and contexts should mediate occupational repertoires and experiences, resulting in participation differences, at least in part. This study aimed to explore the occupational repertoires of children with mobility difficulties and their view of their occupational participation. Methods Five children with mobility difficulties were assessed using the paediatric activity card sort, to establish their occupational repertoires. Semi-structured interviews were used to understand the children’s occupational participation. Findings Our findings suggest that children with mobility issues are more likely to participate in quiet occupations, but not exclusively. The children defined participation in their own way. Conclusion The knowledge about how children with mobility difficulties understand participation in occupation can help occupational therapists to establish goals with their clients and personalise interventions.
Current status of the salutogenesis in Spain. Fifteen years of research Estado actual de la salutogénesis en España. Quince años de investigación

After centuries with a pathogenic vision of care of health, in the 1970s the medical sociologist Aaron Antonovsky introduced a model of health that had become a concept established in the public health and the promotion of health, 'Salutogenesis', that proposes to understand health as a continuum between welfare and disease, instead of a vision where health and disease are mutually exclusive, by coinciding with the current approach of World Health Organization. The main goal of this paper is to lead a review and analysis of its study and use in Spain, where it is progressively introducing with more than 10 articles, an European Conference, a Symposium with experts from all over the world, an European Seminar, the creation of a Salutogenesis Spanish Group and with a National Convention of Healthy-Salutogenics Universities among other activities. Is necessary to work from the public health policies, in coordination with the health services and education, highlighting the importance of the universities, in order to train future professionals from the active view of health promotion
Aprimoramento de Modelos Subótimos para Identificação de Sistemas

One of the stages of the identification of systems is the determination of the structure of the model, in which two techniques are generally employed: the Error Reduction Rate (ERR) and the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). However, these are of a mono-objective character, which leads them to have limitations, since they consider only the dynamic data of the system. As a result, this article proposes a technique that seeks to improve certain behaviors of the identified model, such as static. In this context, it was applied in a polynomial NARMAX model of a system composed of a DC-DC buck converter, with the intention of reducing the static and dynamic errors of the model. As a result, it was possible to obtain a set of efficient solutions. Resumo: Uma das etapas da identificação de sistemas é a determinação da estrutura do modelo, na qual são geralmente empregadas duas técnicas: a Taxa de Redução de Erro (ERR) e o Critério de Informação de Akaike (AIC). Todavia, estas são de caráter mono-objetivo, o que as leva a terem limitações, uma vez que consideram apenas os dados dinâmicos do sistema. Em virtude disto, este artigo propõe uma técnica que busca aprimorar determinados comportamentos do modelo identificado, como, por exemplo, o estático. Nesse contexto, ela foi aplicada em um modelo NARMAX polinomial de um sistema composto por um Conversor CC-CC Buck, com a intenção de diminuir os erros estático e dinâmico do modelo. Como resultado, foi posśıvel obter um conjunto de soluções eficientes.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to manage pain and opioid use after major surgery: Preliminary outcomes from the Toronto General Hospital Transitional Pain Service

ABSTRACT Background: Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and associated long-term opioid use are major public health concerns. Aims: The Toronto General Hospital Transitional Pain Service (TPS) is a multidisciplinary, hospital-integrated program developed to prevent and manage CPSP and support opioid tapering. This clinical practice–based study reports on preliminary outcomes of the TPS psychology program, which provides acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to patients at risk for CPSP and persistent opioid use. Methods: Ninety-one patients received ACT, whereas 252 patients did not (no ACT group). Patient outcomes were compared for the two groups at first and last TPS visits. Pain, pain interference, sensitivity to pain traumatization, pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression, and opioid use were analyzed using two-way (Group [ACT, no ACT] × Time [first, last visit]) analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Results: Patients referred to ACT were more likely to report a mental health condition preoperatively (P < 0.001), had higher opioid use (P < 0.001) at the first postsurgical visit, and reported higher sensitivity to pain traumatization (P < 0.05) and anxiety (P < 0.05) than the no ACT group at both time points. Both groups showed reductions in pain, pain interference, pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and opioid use by the last TPS visit (P < 0.05). The ACT group demonstrated greater reductions in opioid use and pain interference and showed reductions in depressed mood (P = 0.001) by the end of treatment compared to the no ACT group. Conclusion: Preliminary outcomes suggest that ACT was effective in reducing opioid use while pain interference and mood improved.
Pica - an eating disorder: A report and review

Pica disorder is considered to be an inappropriate behavior characterized by an appetite pattern and craving for non-nutritive substances. Pica usually does not exhibit life-threatening situations, but at times it can create severe complications due to this psychogenic behavior of an individual. Clinical presentation of pica is highly variable and can be associated with the specific characteristics of the resulting medical conditions and the ingested substances. Weird consumption pattern can lead to various changes in the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity, which can further lead to ulcerations and pulpal pain. Herein, we report a case of pica syndrome with oral manifestation due to consumption of mud.
Oral health status and treatment needs of Iraqi and Yemeni dental students (A comparative study)

The aim of this study is to compare oral health status (dental caries, periodontal disease and treatment needs) of Iraqi and Yemeni dental students. The sample included 100 Iraqi dental students and 90 Yemeni dental students of fourth grade, age ranged between 22–23 years old of both sexes. The study revealed that there was a significant difference in the DMFT between Iraqi and Yemeni dental students for the total sample at p < 0.05 level, with significant difference between Iraqi and Yemeni dental students for both sexes at p < 0.01 level. The results also revealed that there was no significant difference in the type of treatment required for the total sample between females of Iraqi and Yemeni dental students, but with significant difference in the treatment need between males of Iraqi and Yemeni dental students. Highest percentage of treatment need for Iraqi and Yemeni students were for 1 surface restoration. The highest CPITN code percentage for Iraqi students was for code 2 (calculus) followed by code 1 with a significant difference between Iraqi males and females students at p<0.01 level, while for Yemeni dental students the highest CPITN code percentage was for code 1 followed by code 2. There was a significant difference in the total sample between Iraqi and Yemeni dental students at p<0.01 level; i.e., Iraqi students require scaling while Yemenis require oral health instruction.
Splendid Innovation: The Extinct South American Native Ungulates

A remarkable diversity of plant-eating mammals known as South American native ungulates (SANUs) flourished in South America for most of the Cenozoic. Although some of these species likely filled ecological niches similar to those of modern hoofed mammals, others differed substantially from extant artiodactyls and perissodactyls in their skull and limb anatomy and probably also in their ecology. Notoungulates and litopterns were the longest-lived and most diverse SANU clades and survived into the Quaternary; astrapotheres went extinct in the late Miocene, whereas other SANU groups were restricted to the Paleogene. Neogene notoungulates were quite specialized in craniodental structure, but many were rather unspecialized postcranially; in contrast, litopterns evolved limb specializations early in their history while maintaining more conservative dentitions. In this article, we review the current understanding of SANU evolutionary relationships and paleoecology, provide an updated compilation of genus temporal ranges, and discuss possible directions for future research. ▪ South American native ungulates (SANUs) were a diverse, long-lived, and independent radiation of mammals into varied terrestrial plant-eater niches. ▪ We review origins, evolution, and paleoecology of the major SANU clades: Notoungulata, Litopterna, Astrapotheria, Xenungulata, and Pyrotheria. ▪ At their peak, during the Eocene and Oligocene, more than 40 genera of native ungulates inhabited South America at any one time. ▪ SANUs ranged from <1 kg to several tons and evolved many combinations of diet and locomotor adaptations not seen in living ungulates.
Final evolutions of a class of May-Leonard Lotka-Volterra systems

We study a particular class of Lotka-Volterra 3-dimensional systems called May-Leonard systems, which depend on two real parameters a and b, when a + b = −1. For these values of the parameters we shall describe its global dynamics in the compactification of the non-negative octant of ℝ3 including its infinity. This can be done because this differential system possesses a Darboux invariant.
Pore Network Model Predictions of Darcy‐Scale Multiphase Flow Heterogeneity Validated by Experiments

Small‐scale heterogeneities in multiphase flow properties fundamentally control the flow of fluids from very small to very large scales in geologic systems. Inability to characterize these heterogeneities often limits numerical model descriptions and predictions of multiphase flow across scales. In this study, we evaluate the ability of pore network models (PNMs) to characterize multiphase flow heterogeneity at the millimeter scale using X‐ray micro‐computed tomography images of centimeter‐scale rock cores. Specifically, PNM capillary pressure and relative permeability output are used to populate a Darcy‐scale numerical model of the rock cores. These pore‐network‐derived Darcy‐scale simulations lead to accurate predictions of core‐average relative permeability, and water saturation, as validated by independent experimental data sets from the same cores and robust uncertainty analysis. Results highlight that heterogeneity in capillary pressure characteristics is more important for predicting local and upscaled flow behavior than heterogeneity in permeability or relative permeability. The leading uncertainty in core‐average relative permeability is driven not by the image processing or PNM extraction but rather by ambiguity in capillary pressure boundary condition definition in the Darcy‐scale simulator. This workflow enables characterization of local capillary heterogeneity and core‐averaged multiphase flow properties while circumventing the need for the most complex experimental observations conventionally required to obtain these properties.
Investor Attention and Asset Pricing Anomalies

We examine the relation between investor attention and financial market anomalies. We find that anomaly returns are higher following high-attention days. The result is robust after controlling for risk factors, the effect of news, and in a natural experiment setting in which the rounding of stock prices generates exogenous attention variation. An analysis of order imbalances shows that large traders trade on anomaly signals more aggressively upon observing high attention. The evidence suggests that arbitrageurs may use high attention as a coordination device to trade and profit from mispricing, supporting the theory of arbitrage with synchronization risk of Abreu and Brunnermeier (2002).
A privacy-aware and secure system for human memory augmentation

The ubiquity of digital sensors embedded in today’s mobile and wearable devices (e.g., smartphones, wearable cameras, wristbands) has made technology more intertwined with our life. Among many other things, this allows us to seamlessly log our daily experiences in increasing numbers and quality, a process known as “lifelogging”. This practice produces a great amount of pictures and videos that can potentially improve human memory. Consider how a single photograph can bring back distant childhood memories, or how a song can help us reminisce about our last vacation. Such a vision of a “memory augmentation system” can offer considerable benefits, but it also raises new security and privacy challenges. Maybe obviously, a system that captures everywhere we go, and everything we say, see, and do, is greatly increasing the danger to our privacy. Any data breach of such a memory repository, whether accidental or malicious, could negatively impact both our professional and private reputation. In addition, the threat of memory manipulation might be the most worrisome aspect of a memory augmentation system: if an attacker is able to remove, add, or change our captured information, the resulting data may implant memories in our heads that never took place, or, in turn, accelerate the loss of other memories. Starting from such key challenges, this thesis investigates how to design secure memory augmentation systems. In the course of this research, we develop tools and prototypes that can be applied by researchers and system engineers to develop pervasive applications that help users capture and later recall episodic memories in a secure fashion. We build trusted sensors and protocols to securely capture and store experience data, and secure software for the secure and privacy-aware exchange of experience data with others. We explore the suitability of various access control models to put users in control of the plethora of data that the system captures on their behalf. We also explore the possibility of using in situ physical gestures to control different aspects regarding the capturing and sharing of experience data. Ultimately, this thesis contributes to the design and development of secure systems for memory augmentation.
Comparative analysis of models of quality of software tools

Әрбiр нақты БЖСМ, әдетте, өзiндiк сипаттамалары мен сапалық атрибуттарымен сипатта-лады, өзiнiң артықшылықтары мен кемшiлiктерi бар. Осы сипаттамаларға сүйене отырып,модельдер қолданудың әртүрлi салаларына бағытталуы мүмкiн. Белгiлi бiр БЖ жобаларына сәйкес келетiн бiр немесе басқа БЖСМ, БЖ сипаттамаларымен сапалық атрибуттарын қолданудың орындылығын түсiну үшiн қолданыстағы БЖСМерекшелiктерiне жан-жақты талдау жүргiзу қажет. Бұл жұмыстың мақсаты - заманауи БЖСМ-ның сипаттамалары мен ерекшелiктерiне олар-дың мүмкiндiктерi мен қолданылуын, қолданылатын мәселенiң ерекшелiктерi мен талапта-рына бейiмделу қабiлеттерiн бағалау үшiн жан-жақты салыстырмалы талдау жүргiзу. БЖ-СМ талдауы келесi аспектiлерде жүзеге асырылды: құрылымы, деңгейлерi мен сипаттама-лары (сипаттамалары бойынша) және олардың семантикалық мазмұны, сонымен қатар мүм-кiндiктердi анықтау және қолдану мүмкiндiгi. Негiзгi сипаттамаларды және негiзгi БЖСМ сипаттамаларын салыстырмалы талдау нәтиже-сiнде бағдарламалық қамтамасыздандырудың сапалық сипаттамаларына ең көп қолданыла-тын (негiзгi) сипаттамалар анықталды. Бағдарламалық жасақтаманың белгiлi бiр түрлерiнеқолдану үшiн бұл негiзгi жиынтықты нақты сипаттамаларды және сипаттамаларды таңдауарқылы қолданбалы бағдарламаның тиiстi жағдайларына бейiмдеуге болады, сонымен қатарбасқа модельдерден қажеттi сапалық атрибуттарды қосуға болады.
Modelling the monopedal robot

The article describes modelling of the monopedal robot with the application of the numerical method for calculating kinematics. The first part presents a short review of the literature on monopedal robots and the theory of such designs. Due to the complexity of the natural solutions of the bipedal locomotion, the monopedal alternative simplifies the problem, by limiting its scope to the pulse movement in one axis– as required by jumping. In the subsequent part, basic mathematical and kinematic relations connected with a chosen designs. The model was based on a rigid quadrangle driven by a four-bar linkage. The effect was a set of vector equations, required to calculate its kinematics. Due to the complexity of the design, it could not be calculated using traditional analytical methods. The prepared kinematic structure was simulated using the numerical method to give the basis for the future experimental tests. The mathematical model was solved in the Wolphram Mathematica environment. Its main purpose was to analyse the movement of the final link that rests on the ground. The results from the simulation were compared to the movement parameters derived from a model designed in CAD software to verify its correctness. All values of links length and starting angular position, required to calculate the model, were taken from the said CAD project.
Analysing the modal shift from road-based to coastal shipping-based distribution – a case study of outbound automotive logistics in India

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the modal shift from a primary road-based to coastal shipping-based freight distribution. A mathematical model is developed to optimize the coastal shipping route planning under a multimodal distribution scenario. The model is applied to a case study of the outbound automotive logistics in India. Exploratory insights on the enablers and challenges to adopting coastal shipping-based distribution are presented along with the route configuration and the level of modal shift achievable based on the model results. The results of the study suggest that the current business and regulatory environment is appropriate to achieve almost one-third shift to intermodal coastal shipping, although investments in infrastructure and substantial cost reductions in ship and port operations need to be implemented to ensure further modal shift. This article is a revised and expanded version of a paper entitled Enhancing the role of coastal shipping in finished vehicle distribution—a viability study presented at The International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME) Conference, Kyoto, Japan; 27–30 June 2017.
A Slew Rate Enhanced 2 x VDD I/O Buffer With Precharge Timing Technique

This brief proposes a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>VDD I/O buffer featured with precharge timing control to auto-adjust the slew rate. The stacked PMOS and NMOS transistors are widely used in the output stage of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>VDD I/O buffer to avoid the gate oxide overstress issue. However, it is hostile to the slew rate besides facing the hot carrier problem in the transient state. The precharging technique is proposed in this brief to improve the SR and avoid the hot carrier problem. The proposed design is carried out using a typical 40 nm CMOS process. The core area is 0.014 mm<sup>2</sup>. The measured SR is improved to 2.81 V/ns. The measured eye height and eye width are 0.929 V and 0.904 ns, respectively, for VDDIO at 1.8 V.
Ethno-Regional Favoritism and the Political Economy of School Test Scores

The northern provinces of Burundi have suffered from an inferior education system since independence. This paper shows that the current, northern-led regime has chosen a drastic way to reverse that subordination. The national test (Concours National) at the end of primary school is at the heart of the matter. Using the universe of individual test score data which can be used to construct a school-level panel and applying differencein-differences analysis, the paper shows strong improvements in test scores in northern versus southern schools since the ruling party won an absolute majority in the 2010 elections. Immediately after these elections, schools situated in very poor, rural areas in the north scored as high as schools in non-poor areas of the capital. The paper finds that increased success rates, improved mean test scores and decreased standard deviations are explained by the percent of votes at the municipality level obtained by the ruling party in the 2010 parliamentary elections. Controlling for school budget and cohort size variables does not change the results. The latter are interpreted in the political economy of education reform in Burundi and considered as a case of ethno-regional favoritism in Africa.