Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Establishing an Empirical Model for Surface Soil Moisture Retrieval at the U.S. Climate Reference Network Using Sentinel-1 Backscatter and Ancillary Data

Progress in sensor technologies has allowed real-time monitoring of soil water. It is a challenge to model soil water content based on remote sensing data. Here, we retrieved and modeled surface soil moisture (SSM) at the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) stations using Sentinel-1 backscatter data from 2016 to 2018 and ancillary data. Empirical machine learning models were established between soil water content measured at the USCRN stations with Sentinel-1 data from 2016 to 2017, the National Land Cover Dataset, terrain parameters, and Polaris soil data, and were evaluated in 2018 at the same USCRN stations. The Cubist model performed better than the multiple linear regression (MLR) and Random Forest (RF) model (R2 = 0.68 and RMSE = 0.06 m3 m-3 for validation). The Cubist model performed best in Shrub/Scrub, followed by Herbaceous and Cultivated Crops but poorly in Hay/Pasture. The success of SSM retrieval was mostly attributed to soil properties, followed by Sentinel-1 backscatter data, terrain parameters, and land cover. The approach shows the potential for retrieving SSM using Sentinel-1 data in a combination of high-resolution ancillary data across the conterminous United States (CONUS). Future work is required to improve the model performance by including more SSM network measurements, assimilating Sentinel-1 data with other microwave, optical and thermal remote sensing products. There is also a need to improve the spatial resolution and accuracy of land surface parameter products (e.g., soil properties and terrain parameters) at the regional and global scales.
Molecular detection of 16srrna gene in escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection patients

The present study aimed to isolate and to diagnose of Uropathogenic ‎Escherichia coli which caused (UPEC). From 75 isolation were collected ‎from children whom caused UPEC during 2015. Fifty of total isolates ‎diagnosis as E. coli and entirely were used to detect 16SrRNA gene by ‎polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and DNA sequencing. Disc ‎diffusion method was used to detect antibiotic sensitivity against of 8 ‎antibiotics. The results of present study showed different in resistant ‎percentage against Penicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin, Nalidixic acid, ‎Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazo, Nitrofuranation, Gentamycin, ‎Nitrofuranation and Chloramphenicol. The resistant percentage of the ‎isolates which: 50 (100%), 48 (96%), 47 (94.8%), 38 (76%), 30 (60%), 22 ‎‎(44%), 11 (22%), 9 (18%) respectively. The results of PCR showed all E. ‎coli samples had the targeted gene and 28 samples recorded as new strains ‎Wid which documented in NCBI.
The psychological and emotional care of the orphaned puppy: the management and the risk of behavioural disorders.

Under the loving and expert guidance of the mother, who knows how to educate its playful experiences, the puppy grows emotionally balanced, learns to be autonomous, to control its exuberance and to relate properly with conspecifics and not. Without the mother, a human being has to take care of the orphaned pup. The caregiver has to ensure to the puppy not only its physical health, but also its psychological health, in order to grow psychologically well-balanced subjects. The people that decide to take care of orphaned puppies must be aware and should emulate, as far as possible, the maternal behaviour. The studies about sensitive period has allowed to identify periods of the puppy’s growth during which a specific stimulus reaches its maximum effect. The socialisation period is the hardest one. The caregiver has to give to the pup the possibility of knowing both conspecifics and eterospecific and ensure to it an enriched style of life. Despite all the good will, the caregiver’s action has inevitable shortcomings and possible errors. However, it is essential that the human helps the orphan in its psychic maturation, in order to prevent pathological behaviours. Especially the caregiver should manage correctly the attachment and detachment, to avoid the development of fears, anxieties, phobias and those syndromes that are caused by an alteration of sensory homeostasis, such as sensory deprivation syndrome, hypersensitivity-hyperactivity syndrome, primary desocialization, stereotypes and compulsive disorders, depression and aggressions.
Interpretable Convolutional Neural Network Including Attribute Estimation for Image Classiﬁcation

An interpretable convolutional neural network (CNN) including attribute estimation for image classiﬁcation is presented in this paper. Although CNNs perform highly accurate image classiﬁcation, the reason for the classiﬁcation results obtained by the neural networks is not clear. In order to provide interpretation of CNNs, the proposed method estimates attributes, which explain elements of objects, in an intermediate layer of the network. This enables improvement of the interpretability of CNNs, and it is the main contribution of this paper. Furthermore, the proposed method uses the estimated attributes for image classiﬁcation in order to enhance its accuracy. Consequently, the proposed method not only provides interpretation of CNNs but also realizes improvement in the performance of image classiﬁcation.
Sources naturelles de la résistance contre les nématodes à galles Meloidogyne javanica chez la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana.

Les nematodes phytoparasites constituent une menace reelle pour la production alimentaire mondiale. Ils sont responsables de 14% des pertes de rendement de la production alimentaire globale, ce pourcentage est l’equivalent de 100 milliards de dollar americain par an. La lutte contre ces phytoparasites est devenue un defit majeur, notamment apres l'interdiction de l'utilisation du nematicide le plus efficace, en raison de ses effets nocifs sur l’environnement. Par consequent, des nouvelles sources pour la gestion des nematodes phytoparasites sont necessaires et urgentes. Ce travail vise a determiner si la plante modele Arabidopsis thaliana pourrait servir comme une source naturelle de genes de la resistance aux nematodes phytoparasites. Parmi des accessions d’Arabidopsis, on a trouve une variation genetique naturelle de la resistance contre les nematodes a galles Meloidogyne javanica, on a egalement identifie plusieurs QTL de resistance aux nematodes, et finalement, on a realise une cartographie fine d’un des QTL detectes.
Polymer matrix composite with natural and synthetic fibres

ABSTRACT Synthetic fibre as a reinforcing agent is in use for quite some time in polymer matrix composite (PMC) to produce lightweight materials with improved strength, modulus and stiffness. However, growing environmental impact associated with production, disposal and recycling of synthetic-fibre-based polymer composites trigger the development of eco-friendly composite for various applications such as automotive, marine, chemical, Infrastructure, sporting goods, etc., using natural fibres. There are many types of natural fibres of which kenaf, jute, oil palm, cotton, flax, banana hemp and sisal are gaining attention as they are abundantly available, cheaper, eco-friendly and possess remarkable and satisfactory mechanical properties. Along with natural fibre, hybridisation of natural/synthetic fibres, as well as polymer hybrid composites that are reinforced with various combinations of nanometre-sized carbon and mineral fillers are the focus of interest of researchers to build their applications in the field of engineering and technology. This review article deals with the mechanical properties of PMC with various natural and synthetic fibres. The impact of carbon nanofillers and the existence of synergy between different types of carbon nanofillers are also addressed. Overall, this review paper will provide a guideline to explore recent development in PMC with various reinforcing fibres and their potential applications.
Assessment of the population structure and temporal changes in spatial dynamics and genetic characteristics of the Atlantic bluefin tuna under a fishery independent framework.

As a large and long-lived species with high economic value, restricted spawning areas and short spawning periods, the Atlantic bluefin tuna (BFT; Thunnus thynnus) is particularly susceptible to over-exploitation. Although BFT have been targeted by fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea for thousands of years, it has only been in these last decades that the exploitation rate has reached far beyond sustainable levels. An understanding of the population structure, spatial dynamics, exploitation rates and the environmental variables that affect BFT is crucial for the conservation of the species. The aims of this PhD project were 1) to assess the accuracy of larval identification methods, 2) determine the genetic structure of modern BFT populations, 3) assess the self-recruitment rate in the Gulf of Mexico and Mediterranean spawning areas, 4) estimate the immigration rate of BFT to feeding aggregations from the various spawning areas, and 5) develop tools capable of investigating the temporal stability of population structuring in the Mediterranean Sea. Several weaknesses in modern morphology-based taxonomy including demographic decline of expert taxonomists, flawed identification keys, reluctance of the taxonomic community to embrace advances in digital communications and a general scarcity of modern user-friendly materials are reviewed. Barcoding of scombrid larvae revealed important differences in the accuracy of the taxonomic identifications carried out by different ichthyoplanktologists following morphology-based methods. Using a Genotyping-by-Sequencing a panel of 95 SNPs was developed and used to characterize the population structuring of BFT and composition of adult feeding aggregations. Using novel molecular techniques, DNA was extracted from bluefin tuna vertebrae excavated from late iron age, ancient roman settlements Byzantine-era Constantinople and a 20th century collection. A second panel of 96 SNPs was developed to genotype historical and modern samples in order to elucidate changes in population structuring and allele frequencies of loci associated with selective traits.
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF DEBT AND DIVIDEND POLICY ON THE EFFECT PROFITABILITY TOWARD STOCK PRICE

This study aimed to obtain an empirical explanation of the role of debt policy and dividend policy as variables mediating the influence of profitability on stock prices. This study used six mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2012–2016 as samples, hence there were 30 observational data. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling. This study found that profitability had a positive effect on stock prices, but the increasing profitability would not necessarily reduce the debt policy. The increasing profitability did not significantly increase the dividend policy, however, increasing dividend policy would increase the stock prices. The results also proved that debt and dividend policy did not mediate the influence of return on equity on the stock prices.
Quality Management as Driver of Vertical Integration in Service Chain: A Study of 3rd Party Logistics Industry

Third Party Logistics (3PL) is one of the fastest growing service industry but still the impact of the application of Quality Management Practices (QMPs) particularly on the integration capability of 3PL service providers in the supply chain is not a well-researched topic. Especially in the context of Pakistan, very little empirical work is found dealing with this very important service competency of 3PL. This research is carried out to determine how QMPs help 3PL Service Providers achieving integration competency in the service chain. The quality management dimensions of internationally recognized Malcolm Baldrige National Quality (MBNQ) model are used as independent variable to assess their impact on the integration competency of 3PLs in Pakistan. Considering the typical business culture and industry environment in Pakistan, the effect of Social Capital and Companies’ Internal Strength as moderating variables was also observed. Using questionnaire as a tool, the quantitative data on various items for latent constructs was collected from more than 176 logistics firms of Pakistan. Results clearly identified the Strategic Planning, HR Management Focus and Process Management as the factors highly impacting Integration Competency of 3PL service providers in Pakistan. Interestingly, but surprisingly, the role of Leadership and Knowledge Management was insignificant in this particular setting. The moderating variable also showed a significant impact on integration competency. This study highlighted the areas where logistics firms in their individual capacity and logistics industry as a whole should immediately concentrate to enhance this important competency. Quantitative and Qualitative Research methods, Educational Administration and management, Statistics and Inferential Statistics.
Systems Level Characterizations of Single and Combination Drug Mechanisms of Action in vitro and in vivo

Small molecule characterization is a critical limiting step in cancer drug development. At the present time, high throughput screens of natural products and combinatorial synthesis libraries generate more pharmaceutical leads than can be characterized in detail. Lead optimization further generates many derivatives of these cytotoxic hits in an attempt to generate optimized compounds with better physical or chemical properties. This leaves many promising agents stranded in drug development and poorly characterized. In addition, most small molecules interact biochemically with a diverse set of proteins. While characterizing the diversity of biochemical interactions that can occur is important to understanding function, only a subset are likely to be necessary or sufficient for therapeutic efficacy. In light of this diversity, the functional characterization of the mechanisms of cell death by cytotoxic agents should improve drug discovery by allowing for the early prioritization of cytotoxic leads, derivatized compounds, and targeted inhibitors on the basis of the mechanisms by which they cause death in intact cells. Using RNAi mediated suppression of key mediators of apoptosis; we found that we could predict the functional mechanisms of drug action in lymphoma cells across many categories of cytotoxic therapeutics with as few as 8 shRNAs. Beyond single drug mechanisms, most drugs used in cancer are used as drug combinations. These combinations were largely formulated on two principles: compounds must have a unique mechanism of action so that more cumulative drug can be dosed with non-overlapping toxicity, and they must have statistically independent mechanisms of drug resistance. However, beyond clinical efficacy, the basic mechanisms of combination therapy have never been examined. Thus, in light of the central role of apoptosis in guiding mammalian cell death to cancer therapy, we sought to examine the functional signatures of cell death in the face of combination therapy. Surprisingly we find that RNAi mediated suppression of cell death mediators in response to common cytotoxic regimens, averages both sensitivity and resistance to therapy and neutralizes the effects of genetic variation. This suggests that common cytotoxic regimens are intrinsically depersonalized and difficult to genetically stratify.
Rigorous Design Method for Symmetric Reflectionless Filters With Arbitrary Prescribed Transmission Response

In this article, we present a novel generic reflectionless filter topology that can produce an arbitrary predefined transmission response while having the perfect impedance matching at both ports. A detailed procedure for synthesizing reflectionless filters using our topology is also given in this article. One of the unique features of our reflectionless filter topology is that the even- and odd-mode half circuits are not correlated with each other, which makes the filter synthesis straightforward. Hence, the synthesis procedure does not necessitate using either an optimization technique or a numerical method. This article also presents a methodology for transforming a generic topology into a practical one with a reduced number of elements. The presented filter topology and design parameters have been verified by designing lowpass and bandpass filters.
The relationship between social media addiction and depression: a quantitative study among university students in Khost, Afghanistan

ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between social media addiction and depression among students of the universities in Khost province of Afghanistan. Stratified random sampling was used and a 46-items self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 384 students of three universities Shaikh Zayed, Ahmad Shah Abdali, and Pamir University. Kimberly Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was applied and replicated for measuring social media addiction; depression was measured by the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The Pearson correlation coefficient, simple linear regression and factor analysis were employed to determine the relationship between social media addiction and depression. The findings indicated that social media addiction has a positive correlation with depression and depression significantly predicts social media addiction.
Anthocyanins in Fruits, Vegetables, and Grains

This text is a comprehensive reference covering the chemistry, physiology, chemotaxonomy, biotechnology and food technology aspects of the anthocyanins. Topics discussed include types of anthocyanins, structural transformations, colour stabilization and intensification factors, biosynthesis and intensification factors, biosynthesis, analysis and functions of anthocyanins. An in-depth review of the literature discussing anthocyanins of fruits, cereals, legumes, roots, tubers, bulbs, cole crops, oilseeds, herbs, spices, and minor crops is included as well.
Portuguese Higher Education Graduates’ Views on Academic Writing

This paper examines the language choices and the process of academic writing of a group of 35 Portuguese graduate students in the fields of humanities and social sciences with the aim of illustrating their language preferences, as well as the aspects they take into consideration while writing either in Portuguese or in English. Results of this study indicate that the participants prefer to write their papers in Portuguese, their first language, and that they use similar approaches when writing in both languages. However, findings also reveal they are concerned with slightly different process aspects when composing and revising their texts in Portuguese and in English. These differences seem to be associated with acquired discourse traditions in Portuguese language, as well as with the participants’ lower competence in English language writing.
KryptoJelly: a jellyfish robot with confined, adjustable pre-stress, and easily replaceable shape memory alloy NiTi actuators

Exploring the world beneath the ocean has been a difficult task, especially in depths that are unsafe for humans. Studying underwater creatures can be very sensitive due to disturbances resulting from typical remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) currently used. Soft robots consist of elastomeric materials, compliant actuators, sensors and other supporting structures, which enable them to be used for numerous applications due to their flexibility, light weight, low noise, and many degrees of freedom. Mechanical actuators, such as pneumatic actuators and servomotors, introduce design constraints related to their size, weight, and cost. Moreover, vibration and noise are undesired attributes that preclude the use of robots developed with such technologies and might disturb the test environment. This paper presents a robust design of a jellyfish-like robot with eight bell segments, named KryptoJelly. The presented robot can perform multidirectional swimming by NiTi shape memory alloys (SMA) actuators confined in a conduit and activated by electrical current stimulation. KryptoJelly is constructed from a 3D printed rigid structure and a soft silicone bell that closely mimics the biological locomotion and appearance of a jellyfish found in nature; the Chrysaora colorata species. Four 127 μm diameter SMA wires (of mass 14 mg each) were used per channel to deform the silicone bell margin. The robot can operate up to 1608 cycles continuously for 1.5 h underwater at high power input (3 times higher than the standard) and sustain its own total body mass of 650 g (∼6000 times the weight of the actuators used). KryptoJelly is able to maneuver in both vertical and horizontal directions during bell contraction-expansion cycles. A study on the effect of multistage-power-time input sequence of NiTi SMA actuators and bell design, which results in swimming, is presented. This work has shown the great potential of employing smart materials in biomimetic soft robots, that can be deployed for eco-friendly underwater exploration or other applications.
Does job stress affect innovative behaviors? Evidence from dubai five-star hotels

Abstract Drawing on Cognitive Appraisal and Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theories, this study examines how job stress and work-related curiosity may affect employee’s innovative behavior. The study utilized two-wave longitudinal data collected from 311 frontline employees from five-star hotels in the UAE. The study found that employees who demonstrated curiosity about different aspects of their work were more likely to engage in innovative behavior. On the other hand, stress was observed to have a different effect. The negative effect of job stress on innovative behavior tended to become positive and significant when curiosity was part of the response to stress.
The Nature of Nutrition: A Unifying Framework from Animal Adaptation to Human Obesity

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