Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size-based Data Placement Strategy in SAN

This paper introduced an even data distribution strategy in SAN. Even data distribution is always the target of distributed storage design. Many articles dedicate the purpose. We use size-based data placement here to guarantee the data distributed evenly at furthest. Size-based data distribution separates the SAN into zones, and each zone has some storage devices (SD), different sized data will fill into different zones. Two kind of allocating algorithms are used to keep the data distribute evenly: orderly and best fit first. Our design will achieve 1) the data will even distributed on each storage devices at furthest; 2) read and write requests will even access the SDs, and 3) bandwidth can be improved at our system. Experimental results showed our design can optimize data distribution.
Length of Therapy with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Tricyclic Antidepressants in Australia

Objective: To investigate the proportion of patients starting on either selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) who continued treatment for a period consistent with recommended guidelines for major depression, that is at least 6 months. Method: Cohort study using a national dispensing claims database involving patients eligible for social security entitlements in Australia. Two ‘new user’ cohorts were established of patients who were supplied a prescription for either an SSRI (6026) or a TCA (4158) in the first week of April 2000 and who had not received a prescription for any antidepressant in the preceding three months. The main outcome measure was the proportion of patients who were still having any SSRI or TCA prescription, respectively, dispensed between 6 and 8 months after initiation. Additionally, for patients starting on either a leading SSRI (sertraline) or TCA (dothiepin), the proportions of those that remained on these drugs or had changed to other antidepressants were determined. The dispensing data are not linked to reason for prescribing in the national dataset. Results: 2267 SSRI ‘new users’ (38%) were still receiving SSRIs 6–8 months later, compared with 1269 (31%) of the 4158 TCA ‘new users’ (p < 0.001). The difference between the groups occurred early, by the 2–4 month time interval. 1038 (41%) of patients starting on the individual SSRI and 385 (38%) of patients starting on the individual TCA were receiving some type of antidepressant therapy at 6–8 months, with no significant difference (p = 0.6) in the proportions that had changed to another antidepressant. Conclusions: In 2000, only 40% of patients started on an antidepressant continued to be prescribed some antidepressant therapy 6–8 months later. Patients were more likely to continue on SSRIs as a class than on TCAs and the difference in continuation between these two classes occurred within the first 2 months of therapy. However, patients starting on an individual SSRI or TCA were equally likely to change to another antidepressant.
Prediction of Response to Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin in Hepatitis C by Polymorphisms in the Viral Core Protein and Very Early Dynamics of Viremia

Objective: To evaluate power of amino acid polymorphisms in core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) for predicting sustained virological response (SVR) to pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN)/ribavirin, when they were combined with virological response. Methods: Peg-IFN/ribavirin was given to 118 patients infected with HCV genotype 1b in high viral loads. Amino acid polymorphisms (Arg70 vs. Gln70 and Leu91 vs. Met91) in combination with on-treatment virological responses were correlated with SVR. Results: End-of-treatment response (ETR) was achieved in 71% and SVR in 47% of the 118 patients. In multivariate analysis, Arg70 and Leu91, and higher ribavirin dose were independently associated with ETR. In patients with Gln70 and/or Met91, SVR was more frequent in those with than without prompt virological response (PVR) for a decrease in viral load ≧1.0 log by 48 h. Specificity in predicting patients without ETR and SVR, in combination with core polymorphisms, was not different between PVR and early virological response at 12 weeks. Conclusion: Core polymorphisms combined with PVR would be useful in promptly identifying the patients who will not respond to Peg-IFN/ribavirin, thereby avoiding unrewarding side effects and high costs.
T‐box transcription factor Tbx2 represses differentiation and formation of the cardiac chambers

Specific regions of the embryonic heart tube differentiate into atrial and ventricular chamber myocardium, whereas the inflow tract, atrioventricular canal, inner curvatures, and outflow tract do not. These regions express Tbx2, a transcriptional repressor. Here, we tested its role in chamber formation. The temporal and spatial pattern of Tbx2 mRNA and protein expression in mouse hearts was found to be complementary to that of chamber myocardium‐specific genes Nppa, Cx40, Cx43, and Chisel, and was conserved in human. In vitro, Tbx2 repressed the activity of regulatory fragments of Cx40, Cx43, and Nppa. Hearts of transgenic embryos that expressed Tbx2 in the prechamber myocardium completely failed to form chambers and to express the chamber myocardium‐specific genes Nppa, Cx40, and Chisel, whereas other cardiac genes were normally expressed. These findings provide the first evidence that Tbx2 is a determinant in the local repression of chamber‐specific gene expression and chamber differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 229:763–770, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Error-Detection Enhanced Decoding of Difference Set Codes for Memory Applications

To prevent soft errors from causing data corruption, memories are typically protected with error correction codes (ECCs). For example, single-error correction (SEC) codes that can correct one error in a memory word are commonly used. More advanced ECCs are also used when additional protection is needed. While the error correction capability of a code is important, it is also important to detect errors that cannot be corrected to avoid silent data corruption. For example, in a SEC code, a double error may be misinterpreted as a single error and corrected, ending with an incorrect word. For that reason, codes that can also detect double errors are preferred. Those are known as SEC double-error-detection codes. The same reasoning applies to more advanced ECCs. Among those, difference set (DS) codes have shown interesting properties that enable an efficient implementation in terms of decoding latency and complexity. However, existing decoders for DS codes focus on error correction only, making them less attractive for memory protection. In this paper, modified decoding algorithms for DS codes are proposed that, in addition to error correction, provide error detection when the number of correctable bit errors is exceeded by one. This combined error detection and correction capability of the modified decoder makes the proposed scheme a promising option for memory applications. HDL implementation and synthesis results are included, showing that the proposed techniques can be efficiently implemented.
Sports and exercise during acute illness: recommending the right course for patients.

Active people who suffer acute infectious illness may have questions concerning participation in exercise or sports during their illness. Many patients are reluctant to "get behind" on their training or "let down the team. " Physical activity, however, may worsen the condition, result in impaired performance, or infect others. On the other hand, some contagious diseases are relatively benign, and some activities don't affect others. Therefore, clinicians need to understand both the sport and the illness to know what level of activity to recommend. For example, solo exercise at a reduced intensity is generally safe for patients whose symptoms are above the neck.
Towards urban phenomenon sensing by automatic tagging of tweets

Micro-blogging sites like Twitter have become a valuable source of information due to their recent upsurge in popularity. The objective of this research is to sense the urban phenomena like peoples' interest in particular topics or shift of interest from one topic to another. Sometimes, even just the proportion of tweets related to a topic appearing in the daily Twitter corpus of a region can give a good indication about peoples' level of interest in that topic on that particular day. Unfortunately, most of the tweets are not explicitly tagged with topic keywords by the Twitter users. In this paper we propose a method for automatic tagging of untagged tweets. Our method is based on identification of important collocations from a large training set of tweets. We then train a multinomial Naiıve Bayes classifier using these collocation features for tagging untagged tweets. We could achieve 88.25% accuracy with high precision and recall.
Quetiapine, an Atypical Antipsychotic

The discovery of antipsychotic agents in the 1950s revolutionized the treatment of schizophrenia. A large body of evidence supports the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist's efficacy in the treatment of psychotic symptoms. However, the advent of newer agents seems to point to a more complex interaction of neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In fact, a defining characteristic of atypical agents is a higher ratio of serotonin (5HT2) receptor blockade to D2 receptor blockade. Clozapine was the first atypical agent to be introduced; it was followed by risperidone, olanzapine, and now quetiapine, which is a dibenzothiazepine derivative structurally related to clozapine and olanzapine.
Optimized Design of GaN Switched-Capacitor-Converter-Based Envelope Tracker for Satellite Application

Envelope tracking and envelope elimination and restoration (EER) are two important techniques used to improve efficiency of power amplifiers. They employ a power supply called envelope tracker to provide a dynamic voltage that tracks the envelope of the transmitted signal. This paper presents an implementation of the envelope tracker based on a multilevel converter in series with a linear regulator for satellite application. In order to have highly efficient and light solution, a switched-capacitor-converter-based multilevel converter is proposed. For the multilevel converter, duty cycle, switching frequency, capacitors, and inductors are optimized based upon the precise power loss model. Two prototypes (GaN-based and Si-based) are fabricated, aiming for a 5-MHz radio frequency envelope signal tracking with a maximum output power of 40 W. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed configuration with 96.2% efficiency of the multilevel converter and 75% of the envelope tracker. Besides, comparison experiments are performed between the Si-based and GaN-based transistors, which show that the GaN transistors offer better efficiency and, therefore, are preferred for satellite application.
Fuzzy control [Book Review]

While the applications of feedback principles can be traced back some two thousand years, the classical and modern control theory known today originated in the 1930s and 1950s, respectively. The Bode plot and Nichols chart, the Nyquist stability criterion, as well as the Ziegler and Nichols’ PID tuning methods have played an important role in the evolution of control engineering technology, which propelled the birth and growth of the control industry. With the rapid development of digital technology, industrial control has shifted almost entirely to digital platforms. This has created vast opportunities for the application of more sophisticated computer-based control methods, particularly the fuzzy logic based solutions.
Articulation Of Consonants In The Speech Of Cerebral Palsy Learners Of English As A Second Language

Cerebral Palsy is a medical condition that results from a brain injury that was either sustained before, during or very shortly after a child’s birth. Although this condition is not progressive, that is, it does not worsen with time, the characteristics and effects may change over a given period of time. Brain injury as a result of Cerebral Palsy causes the impairment especially in muscles responsible for speech production. Speech problems associated with cerebral palsy may include articulation errors, oral motor difficulties and dysarthria. Dysarthria is defined as “speech disorders resulting from disturbances in musculature control over the speech mechanism due to damage of the central or peripheral nervous system. It designates problems in oral communication due to paralysis, weakness, or in coordination of the speech musculature“(Duffy, 2005). Dysarthria can greatly reduce the intelligibility of one’s speech, and make it difficult for those with dysarthria to communicate with others. Cerebral Palsy speech research and analysis in adults is well established regarding the assessment and management of articulatory abilities, whereas a research for children articulatory abilities and in this case for children learning English as a second language has been less studied (Hartley et al., 2003). Therefore, this study was focused on children articulation of the consonants. Abstract: This study sought to investigate the articulatory characteristics of school-aged children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) learning English as a second language in Kenyan schools. 27 pupils that is 18 boys and 9 girls with CP and speech impairment participated in this study. Through a picture naming task, single and double syllable words were obtained through recording. A sample of 60 words covering initial, middle and final positions of words was used in this study covering all the English phonemes according to the IPA chart. Phonetic transcription of oral consonants was performed independently by the researcher. More than half of the children had a variety of problems with the articulation of consonants. The sample for the study was divided into three categories namely mild, severe and acute. Twenty-three consonant phonemes were transcribed in order to represent variations in phoneme articulation. Error frequencies were examined with respect to two variables: place of articulation, manner of articulation of the target phoneme. Results showed that target phonemes with high articulatory complexity were most often misarticulated. Majority of the respondents produced articulations close to the place of the target word.
Evaporation from sparse crops‐an energy combination theory

SUMMARY A one-dimensional model is adopted to describe the energy partition of sparse crops. Theoretical development of this model yields a combination equation which describes evaporation in terms of controlling resistances associated with the plants, and with the soil or water in which they are growing. The equation provides a simple but physically plausible description of the transition between bare substrate and a closed canopy. Although the aerodynamic transfer resistances for incomplete canopies have, as yet, no experimental justification, typical values, appropriate to a specimen agricultural crop and soil, are shown to have limited sensitivity in the model. Processes which require further study if the equation is to be used to calculate evaporation throughout a crop season are also discussed. Previous steps in the development of a physically based model of the vegetationatmosphere interaction (e.g. Shuttleworth 1976, 1978) explicitly treat the vegetation as a closed, stable canopy of uniform structure. They emphasize the interaction of the vegetation, with fluxes arising at the soil surface introduced as an unspecified, and implicitly small, input to the model (Shuttleworth 1979). In this paper this theoretical work is reinterpreted and developed into the situation of sparse crops, where the use of a one-dimensional model has less obvious justification. In describing such crops the soil and plant components must carry equal status, since they can be of similar size and their relative importance can change significantly with crop cover. The philosophy of this paper is to make minimum concession to the more obvious three-dimensional structure of sparse and row crops. Accordingly a one-dimensional model of the interaction is adopted to derive a combination equation, which can provide a physically plausible transition between the bare substrate and closed canopy limits. The equation is expressed in terms of conceptual resistances now familiar to the micrometeorologist and plant physiologist: canopy resistance and boundary layer resistance etc; it also requires the less familiar concept of a surface resistance for bare soil (Monteith 1981). In the later sections of the paper typical values of these resistances are used to illustrate how energy partition varies between crops of the same height, but with different leaf areas.
Patterns of Comorbidity among DSM-III-R Personality Disorders

The aim of this study was to examine patterns of comorbidity among personality disorders (PDs) in a sample of 156 psychiatric inpatients. PDs were assessed with Semistructured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders. To determine significant co-occurrence among axis II diagnoses, odds ratio and the percent of co-occurrence of pairs of disorders were calculated. Both statistical methods revealed high rates of comorbidity: significance association was found for 36 pairs of disorders using the percent of co-occurrence, and for 22 pairs of disorders using the odds ratio. These results support the concept of ‘apparent comorbidity’ for most PDs, deriving from conceptual and definitional artifacts or from a ‘state-biasing effect’. In light of these observations, a categorical approach to PDs, resulting in a list of diagnoses, appears useless in psychiatric practice. A dimensional classification is probably better suited for PDs, improving the understanding of personality psychopathology and its clinical implications.
Evaluation Coupling Model of Mine Ventilation System Based on RS and ANN

The broad masses of coal mining enterprises have been very concerned about how to effectively evaluate safety and reliability of mine ventilation system. Domestic and international scholars in this regard have also carried out a substantial amount of research and made a variety of different types of evaluation methods, but because there are many complex factors that affect the safety and reliability of mine ventilation system, it is very difficult to evaluate the ventilation system accurately using traditional methods. In view of this, this paper established an evaluation system based on rough sets and artificial neural network theory (ANN), it can complete a multi-level and multi-factor evaluation system and have self-learning capabilities. The coupling model is tested in actually projects, it shows that the model has a high accuracy, so that the model can be applied to the safety evaluation at the scene.
Bioactive Crude Extracts from Four Bacterial Isolates of Marine Sediments from Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Jordan

Escalation in number of resistant pathogens and diseases enhanced scientists to explore the unconventional habitats for bioactive compounds. Marine microorganisms represent a promising source for natural products due to the incredible diversity of chemical compounds that were isolated. Due to distinctive features and biodiversity of Red Sea biota, it was selected as a resource for isolation of bacteria with interesting bioactivity. Detection of bioactivity was performed using antimicrobial and antioxidant assays. Four bacterial isolates were found to have bioactivity at least in one assay. Crude extract of Brevibacterium sp. has weak antibacterial and moderate antioxidant effects, Moraxella sp. with weak antibacterial crude extract, and Corynebacterium sp. with potent antioxidant activity. Therefore, sediment marine bacteria represent an interesting source for antimicrobial and antioxidant secondary metabolites.
An Affective Syndrome in Psychopaths with Borderline Personality Disorder?

A preliminary study of the repetitive mood swings of 72 female psychopaths with a DSM-III diagnosis of borderline personality disorder demonstrated considerable complexity and specificity in what has been previously considered a criterion of personality disorder. A principal-components analysis of the symptom profile for these affective disturbances revealed four factors (anxiety, anger, depression, and tension) which showed individual patterns of association with additional lifetime diagnoses of major mental illness and other personality disorders. The women also had multiple mood-related behavioural disorders, enacted with a feeling of compulsion, which appeared to relieve the original affective symptoms. It is hypothesised that these women could have a distinct affective syndrome that has not previously been described in the literature.
Not Devoid of Forensic Potential, But…

Because there is no unique response pattern associated with lying, methods that are subsumed under the rubric “deception detection” do not assess lying per se, but instead assess various processes associated with deception. Although new technologies, including neuroimaging techniques, will provide novel measures of processes associated with deception, any method for detecting liars will assess one of three broad classes of phenomena. They may, like the field polygraph test, assess anxiety or emotional arousal, as it may be assumed that lying for many people is an arousing event, especially if there are consequences if caught. A second strategy, as highlighted by Meegan (2007), is to assess memory, as it may be assumed that folks involved in a criminal activity will have specific memories for details of the crime that an innocent person would not know. Finally, some newer approaches monitor changes in other cognitive processes, as it is assumed that lying requires one to use many different strategies, and the use of these strategies can be monitored either with brain activity or by changes in behavior. To evaluate whether any given procedure is likely to have pragmatic forensic value, one would need to know the sensitivity and specificity of the technique: sensitivity is the proportion of guilty individuals so identified by the technique, and specificity is the proportion of innocent individuals who do not appear guilty by the technique. These figures, in combination with the base-rate of deceptive individuals (Allen 2002), will determine the overall accuracy of the procedure. Notably absent from Meegan’s (2008) review were these sensitivities and specificities as well as the actual rates of classification accuracy that might be likely to be observed for any of the memory paradigms reviewed. The magnitude (at the group level) of the priming effects and the old-new effects are rather small (e.g., 1-5 μV; Schnyer et al. 1997; Friedman and Johnson 2000), especially compared with P300 effects (e.g., 8–13 μV; Allen et al. 1992) that are observed in paradigms like the popularized “Brain Fingerprinting. ” This would suggest that, of the three classes of memory assessment reviewed, the best possible rates of individual classification will occur with the P300 variants. The remainder of this commentary thus focuses on these P300-based procedures. The P300-based procedures are not typical memory assessment procedures, but instead rely on the oddball effect, where one class of stimuli stands out as distinct, rare, and significant, the conditions that will give rise to a large P300 amplitude (Johnson 1986). These procedures assume that the only reason a stimulus will stand out as significant is by virtue of the fact that it is recognized as being associated with the incident under investigation. But recognition
Molecular Modeling of Nucleic Acid Structure: Electrostatics and Solvation

This unit presents an overview of computer simulation techniques as applied to nucleic acid systems, ranging from simple in vacuo molecular modeling techniques to more complete all‐atom molecular dynamics treatments that include an explicit representation of the environment. The third in a series of four units, this unit focuses on critical issues in solvation and the treatment of electrostatics.