Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Kejadian Pneumonia Neonatus dengan Beberapa Faktor Risiko di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode 2010-2012

Abstrak Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab mortalitas utama pada neonatus. Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR), kelahiran preterm, ketuban pecah dini (KPD), dan demam intrapartum merupakan faktor risiko yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap kejadian pneumonia neonatus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan antara faktor risiko tersebut dengan kejadian pneumonia neonatus di RSUP M. Djamil. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain cross-sectional dengan mengumpulkan data rekam medis pneumonia neonatus di RSUP M. Djamil Padang periode 2010 – 2012. Kontrol diambil data neonatus yang dirawat dengan diagnosis selain pneumonia pada periode yang sama. Neonatus dengan diagnosis sindrom gawat nafas, sepsis, meningitis, asfiksia, dan aspirasi telah dieksklusi terlebih dahulu. Sejumlah 49 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria terdapat temuan; KPD sebanyak 22,4%, demam intrapartum 20,4%, BBLR 18,4%, dan kelahiran preterm 10,2%. Sebanyak 24 sampel tidak memiliki faktor risiko. Analisis bivariat chi-square menunjukkan bahwa BBLR (p=0,46), kelahiran preterm (p=0,372), KPD (p=0,616), dan demam intrapartum (p=0,083) tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian pneumonia neonatus di RSUP M. Djamil periode 2010-2012. Kata kunci: pneumonia neonatus, BBLR, kelahiran preterm, KPD, demam intrapartum. Abstract Pneumonia is one of leading mortality causes among neonates. Low Birth Weight (LBW), preterm birth, Premature Rupture Of Membranes (PROM) and intrapartum maternal fever are known as risk factors that might contribute to neonatal pneumonia occurence. The objective of this study was to determine relationship the risk factors to neonatal pneumonia in M. Djamil hospital. This analytic research with cross-sectional design compiled neonatal pneumonia data from 2010-2012 medical record M. Djamil hospital. Controls were taken from neonates hospitalized in M. Djamil within the same period. Neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, meningitis, asphyxia, and aspiration were excluded. The 49 subjects that meet research criteria, PROM were found in 22,4% of neonates,intrapartum fever 20,4%, LBW 18,4%, and preterm birth 10,2%. Twenty four of them do not have any of those risk factors. Bivariate analysis with chi-square shows that none of those risk factors are significantly related to neonatal pneumonia in M. Djamil hospital period 2010-2012 (LBW p=0,46; preterm birth p=0,372; PROM p=0,616; intrapartum fever p=0,083). Keywords: neonatal pneumonia, LBW, preterm birth, PROM, intrapartum fever
Traumatic Brain Injury: Informed Accommodation in the Classroom

This paper discusses traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the symptoms that affect a student emotionally, cognitively and socially after experiencing a TBI. Traumatic brain injuries can have a profoundly negative impact on a child’s ability to learn at school and interact with peers in social situations. Recent research shows how TBI affects brain function and the impacts that this can have on education. However, research also suggests effective strategies that teachers can use in their classroom when teaching a student who has experienced a TB
Establishment of baseline toxicity data to different insecticides for Aphis craccivora Koch and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (Homoptera: Aphididae) by glass tube residual film technique.

Aphis craccivora Koch is one of the most important pests of legumes, and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), is a serious pest of Gramineous crops. Susceptible strains of these two species were obtained and the baseline toxicity of 15 commonly used insecticides was established by a standard glass tube residual film method. The results showed that LC50 values of 15 tested insecticides against A. craccivora and R. maidis varied from 0.79 to 52.23 mg/L and 1.03 to 39.20 mg/L, respectively. Chlorpyrifos was proved to be the most toxic insecticide against both the species whereas Abamectin was least toxic. Susceptible toxicity baselines data of both A. craccivora and R. maidis to 15 insecticides established in this study could be used as a reference for resistance monitoring or other related researches.
Sialoadenectomy effect on blood glucose level and skeletal muscle glycogen from male and female mice.

We investigated the role of glucagon in submandibular gland on blood glucose level and on glycogen content in developing skeletal muscles in mice. Muscle glycogen is a important fuel for contracting skeletal muscle during prolonged strenuous exercise. Twenty days old mice of both sexes were sialoadenectomised and maintained under normal conditions in the animal house upto the age of 40 days. 60 days, 80 days and 100 days. Blood glucose level and glycogen content from gastrocnemius, soleus and rectus abdominus muscles were determined in sialoadenectomised and control mice in both sexes. Blood glucose level in sialoadenectomised male and female mice was decreased in all groups as compared to control. Glycogen content from all the three muscles was increased in sialoadenectomised mice as compared to control mice in both sexes in all four groups. These results reveal that submandibular gland secreted glucagon affect the metabolic regulation in the skeletal muscles during development.
Evaluation and identification of single-cross maize hybrids for use in tester development.

High yielding single-cross testers with good discriminatory features across the low nitrogen (LN), random drought (RD), and optimum (Opt) conditions are useful genetic resources for plant breeding. Testers made from the old inbred lines fail to exploit genetic gains from new inbred lines and new introduced germplasm in breeding programmes. The objective of this study was to identify new single-cross testers to replace CML312/CML442 (heterotic group A) and CML395/CML444 (heterotic group B), currently being used in the maize breeding programmes at ARC and other national programmes in southern and eastern Africa. A total of 160 single-cross hybrids each from heterotic group A (HTG A) and heterotic group B (HTG B) were evaluated across the Opt, LN and RD conditions, using an alpha lattice design. Highly significant differences (P< 0.01) among single-cross hybrids were observed for days to 50% anthesis (AD), grain yield (GY), ear height (EH), and ears per plant (EP) in HTG B under Opt environment. Hybrid 139 (8.65 t/ha) had higher grain yield than the average yield of 6.22 t/ha. Days to 50% anthesis, anthesis-silk interval (ASI), plant height (PH), and ear height (EH) varied significantly (p<0.01) among the single-cross hybrids in low nitrogen environment. Hybrid 65 (4.04 t/ha) yielded higher than the average yield of 2.28 t/ha. Days to 50% anthesis were slightly higher in LN than in Opt environment. Single-cross hybrid 92 (7.53 t/ha) yielded higher than the average yield of 4.77 t/ha in RD. As in heterotic group B, significant variation was observed in HTG A, in RD and Opt environments. Grain yields of 9.45 t/ha and 6.42 t/ha for maize hybrids 134 and 52 were higher than the average mean yields of 6.75 t/ha and 3.43 t/ha for Opt and RD environments, respectively. Hybrids with higher mean yield compared to the average mean yield are usefully genetic material to be advanced for further breeding in their respective or across the environments. Maize single-cross hybrids 1, 23, 127, 15, 122, 8, 134, 109, 34, and 31 in heterotic group A and 69, 81, 65, 97, 92, 40, 117, 58, 101, and 44 in heterotic group B were selected for further breeding as they showed consistently high yield across environments.
Disruption of trans‐pityol‐mediated attraction by racemic trans‐conophthorin in twig beetle Pityophthorus pubescens

Twig beetle Pityophthorus pubescens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) has been previously associated with the Fusarium circinatum (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae), the pathogen causing pitch canker disease, in P. radiata stands of the Basque Country (Northern Spain). Laboratory and field studies were conducted to evaluate the response of the insect to the racemic mixture of the spiroacetal trans‐7‐methyl‐1,6‐dioxaspiro[4.5]decane, also known as conophthorin. In walking bioassays, addition of 10 and 100 ng of racemic trans‐conophthorin to 1 ng of (±)‐trans‐pityol elicited a negative response in males, whereas females did not show any significant preference. Catches of males in attractant‐baited traps were strongly reduced by racemic trans‐conophthorin at all release rates tested (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/day). In contrast, catches of females were not affected by any of the (±)‐trans‐conophthorin release rate.
Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in Nigeria

This research examine problems surrounding procedures of fiscal policy and their influence on economic growth in Nigeria from 1980 - 2013. The research was conducted using an Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique of multiple regression models using statistical time series data from 1980-2013.The findings of the results reveals that the coefficient of government expenditure is 0.049580, meaning that a unit increase in government expenditure would lead to a 0.049580 unit increase in real gross domestic product in the country. In percentage terms, a 10% increase in government expenditure, will lead to 0.49% increase in real gross domestic product. On the other hand coefficient of government tax receipt is –0.03890, meaning that a unit increase in government tax will lead to a –0.038090 unit decrease in real gross domestic product . This implies that the government expenditure is a strong determinant of economic growth especially when properly directed towards the provision of adequate basic infrastructural facilities to stabilize investment activities. The regression result also shows that tax was not properly signed and this could largely be credited to poor tax administration in Nigeria and over dependence of government on earnings from crude oil in funding her projects. Based on the results, it was therefore suggested that there should be a total renovation of the tax system in Nigeria and the federal government of Nigeria should intensify her spending especially in the productive sectors of the economy that has the capability to contribute to economic growth in the country.
UJI PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT POKAHBUNG (Fusarium moniliformae) PADA TANAMAN TEBU (Saccharum officinarum) MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma sp. INDIGENOUS SECARA IN VITRO DAN IN VIVO

Kata Kunci : pokahbung, Fusarium moniliformae , Trichoderma sp. , jamur antagonis Penyakit pokahbung yang disebabkan oleh jamur patogen Fusarium moniliformae terdiri dari 3 tingkatan gejala, yaitu pb 1 berupa klorotis pada helaian daun yang baru membuka. Pb 2 berupa garis merah kecoklatan yang meluas menjadi rongga-rongga yang dalam. Pb 3 memiliki gejala spesifik yaitu membengkoknya batang tanaman tebu dan menyerang titik tumbuh yang dapat menyebabkan matinya tanaman tebu. Penggunaan jamur antagonis Trichoderma sp. yang berasal dari tanah di sekitar perakaran tanaman tebu diharapkan mampu mengendalikan penyakit pokahbung. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia Pasuruan. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara in vitro dan in vivo. In vitro dibagi menjadi metode goresan dan penuangan pada media PDA. Suspensi dari jamur antagonis Trichoderma sp. menggunakan kerapatan spora 10 3 , 10 4 dan 10 5 sedangkan kerapatan spora jamur patogen F. moniliformae adalah 10 5 . Hasil dari penelitian pada uji antagonis secara in vitro menunjukkan bahwa ketiga kerapatan spora Trichoderma sp. yang digunakan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan F. moniliformae . Pada uji in vivo didapatkan hasil yang berbeda yaitu pada kerapatan spora 10 3 tidak mampu mengendalikan penyakit pokahbung. Kata Kunci : pokahbung, Fusarium moniliformae , Trichoderma sp. , jamur antagonis
Spatial ecology : the role of space in population dynamics and interspecific interactions

Addresses the fundamental effects of space in the dynamics of individual species and on the structure, dynamics, diversity and stability of multispecies communities. The book aims to demonstrate that the spatial structure of a habitat can fundamentally alter both the qualitative and quantitative dynamics and outcomes of ecological processes. It highlights the importance of space to five areas: stability, patterns of diversity, invasions, coexistence and pattern generation. It illustrates both the diversity of approaches used to study spatial ecology and the underlying similarities of these approaches.
The 15N natural abundance (d15N) of ecosystem samples reflects measures of water availability

We assembled a globally-derived data set for site-averaged foliar delta(15)N, the delta(15)N of whole surface mineral soil and corresponding site factors (mean annual rainfall and temperature, latitude, altitude and soil pH). The delta(15)N of whole soil was related to all of the site variables (including foliar delta(15)N) except altitude and, when regressed on latitude and rainfall, provided the best model of these data, accounting for 49% of the variation in whole soil delta(15)N. As single linear regressions, site-averaged foliar delta(15)N was more strongly related to rainfall than was whole soil delta(15)N. A smaller data set showed similar, negative correlations between whole soil delta(15)N, site-averaged foliar delta(15)N and soil moisture variations during a single growing season. The negative correlation between water availability (measured here by rainfall and temperature) and soil or plant delta(15)N fails at the landscape scale, where wet spots are delta(15)N-enriched relative to their drier surroundings. Here we present global and seasonal data, postulate a proximate mechanism for the overall relationship between water availability and ecosystem delta(15)N and, newly, a mechanism accounting for the highly delta(15)N-depleted values found in the foliage and soils of many wet/cold ecosystems. These hypotheses are complemented by documentation of the present gaps in knowledge, suggesting lines of research which will provide new insights into terrestrial N-cycling. Our conclusions are consistent with those of Austin and Vitousek (1998) that foliar (and soil) delta(15)N appear to be related to the residence time of whole ecosystem N.
Classification et relations entre les traits fonctionnels des crustacés zooplanctoniques : de l’organisme à l’écosystème

iii Résumé . iv Table des matières . v Liste des tableaux . vii Liste des figures . viii Liste d’abréviations . x Remerciements . xii Chapitre 1: Introduction générale . 1 I. Contexte général . 1 II. L’approche par traits . 3 III. Le zooplancton . 4 i. Rôle du zooplancton dans les cycles biogéochimiques . 6 ii. Équilibre stœchiométrique et théorie métabolique de l’écologie . 7 IV. Objectifs d’études . 9 Chapitre 2: Zooplankton functional traits: Linking organisms to ecosystems . 15 Abstract. 16
Alleviation of stuck wine fermentations using salt‐preconditioned yeast

The influence of salt (sodium chloride) on the cell physiology of wine yeast was investigated. Cellular viability and population growth of three wine-making yeast strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and two non-Saccharomyces yeast strains associated with wine must microflora (Kluyveromyces thermotolerans and K. marxianus) were evaluated following salt pre-treatments. Yeast cells growing in glucose defined media exposed to different sodium chloride concentrations (4, 6 and 10% w/v) exhibited enhanced viabilities compared with nontreated cultures in subsequent trial fermentations. Salt ‘preconditioning’ of wine yeast seed cultures was also shown to alleviate stuck and sluggish fermentations at the winery scale, indicating potential benefits for industrial fermentation processes. It is hypothesized that salt induces specific osmostress response genes to enable yeast cells to better tolerate the rigours of fermentation, particularly in high sugar and alcohol concentrations. Copyright © 2014 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling
Completed suicides in Western Anatolia - Turkey psychological and social outlooks: a case - control psychological autopsy study -

Objective: The aim of this study was the evaluation of the completed suicide rate as well exploring what associated psychological and social factors might have increased the risk of death from suicide. Methods: The current study examined all adult suicidal cases of Denizli Province that occurred between January 2009-December 2010. In addition to examining the judicial files, interviews were conducted with the suicide victimsâ€™ relatives for elaborate the cases and evaluate the risk factors of suicide. For 35.9% (n=19) of 53 suicide victims, there were no interviews conducted; telephone interviews were conducted with relatives of 50.9% (n=27) of victims, and face-to-face interviews were conducted with relatives of 13.2% (n=7) of the subjects. Healthy controls were randomly chosen from the registers of 14 Denizli primary health care centers. The thirty-one control individuals were from a similar area and social roots as the case group. Results: 13.2% (n=7) of the cases were female, while 86.8% (n=46) were male. The mean age was found to be 41. 57Â±15.33 years. The total mean age of the control group was 42. 84Â±16.98 years (p=0.725). The results of this study showed that a history of psychiatric disorder, prior suicide attempts, a history of alcohol abuse, stressful life events, a lack of social support/interaction were associated with suicide. Conclusion: Clinical and psychosocial factors; a history of psychiatric disorder, unemployment, financial and relationship problems all increase the risk of suicide.
Die Bedeutung von Omega-3-Fettsäuren bei rheumatoider Arthritis

Omega-3-Fettsauren gehoren zu den mehrfach ungesattigten Fettsauren (polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs), welche naturlich v. a. in Meerestieren und Pflanzen vorkommen. Die bedeutendsten Omega-3-Fettsauren (Tab. 1) sind α-Linolensaure (C18:3ω3), Eikosapentaensaure (C20:5ω3) und Dokosahexaensaure (C22:6ω3). Wahrend pflanzliche Ole wie Rapsol, Leinsamenol und Walnusol bedeutende Mengen an α-Linolensaure enthalten, finden sich die langerkettigen Omega-3-Fettsauren Eikosapentaensaure und Dokosahexaensaure v. a. in fettreichen Kaltwasserfischen wie Hering, Lachs, Makrelen, Thunfisch und Sardinen. Durch Kettenverlangerung und Desaturierung konnen Eikosapentaensaure und Dokosahexaensaure aus α-Linolensaure synthetisiert werden. Da dieser Mechanismus im menschlichen Korper jedoch nicht effizient ablauft, sind die drei genannten Fettsauren fur den Menschen essentiell und mussen daher mit der Nahrung zugefuhrt werden. Weiterhin essentiell sind die Omega-6Fettsauren Linolsaure (C18:2ω6) und Arachidonsaure (C20:4ω6), wohingegen Omega-9-Fettsauren, wie etwa die Olsaure (C18:1ω9), vom menschlichen Organismus synthetisiert werden konnen.
Citocinas e a modulação da resposta imune durante a infecção pelo HIV : suscetibilidade à infecção e progressão para a AIDS

Decades have passed since researchers began investigations on the pathogenesis of HIV infection. Currently, it is possible to identify many clinical outcomes after exposure to the virus, which includes individuals exposed but uninfected, and rapid or slow progressors to AIDS. However, the identification of factors that allows to differentiate and monitor these outcomes remains a challenge. In such context, cytokines seem to be promising markers for monitoring the progression to AIDS. This study evaluated phenotypically (plasmatic levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ) and genetically (polymorphic variants) HIV-positive individuals as a contribution to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of infection and bring new perspectives to clinical and therapeutic issues. Our results suggest an association between increased serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in the pre-AIDS stage for rapid progressors (p<0.05), and for slow progressors to AIDS (p<0.05). Thus, the increase of IL-6 and IL-10 levels may indicate a critical inflammatory condition, and they can be used as course markers of infection in HIV-positive individuals. The genotypes IL10-592 AA+AC (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.10-3.14, p<0.01) and IL17A-692 TC+CC (OR 1.61, 95% CI 0.99-2.71, p <0.05) have been associated with susceptibility to HIV infection in European-descendents individuals. Moreover, when analyzed together, SNPs in genes IL4, IL6, IL10 and TLR9 showed significant additive effects (p <0.01). Already in African-descendant individuals, a protective effect was observed in genotypes TLR9-1237 TC+CC (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.96, p=0.038) and a significant epistatic effect between TLR9 and IL4 (p<0.01). These results contribute to the understanding mechanisms involved in the immune response to HIV infection. Furthermore, the analysis show that ethnic origin has a heavy influence on associations between genetic variants and the outcomes of infection by HIV. The interaction through the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) contributed to the understanding the SNP effects and can be very useful to identify genes which has influence on susceptibility networks and / or different clinical courses.
Interaction of Legionella pneumophila with Dictyostelium discoideum

Several pathogens exhibit a considerable host range. Legionella pneumophila, for example, can infect various protozoa species, experimentally inoculated guinea pigs, and human macrophages, as well as epithelial cells. Vegetative cells of Dictyostelium feed on bacteria and upon starvation aggregate and differentiate into pluricellular fruiting bodies. To evaluate whether D. discoideum is a suitable model system for studying Legionella pathogenicity, the authors compared the intracellular growth of different Legionella species in Dictyostelium with the established host model system Acanthamoeba castellanii. The FlaA-and the Mip-negative mutant of L. pneumophila Corby revealed moderate growth defects and the ligA-negative mutant was severely impaired to grow intracellularly. To examine host functions required for growth, the authors also investigated defined Dictyostelium mutants. Identification of Legionella spp. , Dictyostelium spp. , and Hartmannella spp. by fluorescence-labeled rRNA probes have been provided in this chapter. Available molecular tools to manipulate the host are transformation with integrating and nonintegrating eukaryotic vectors, homologous recombination, antisense techniques, and restriction enzyme mediated integration (REMI). The application of these methods should allow the elucidation of the interaction of bacterial virulence factors with specific host targets.