Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploration of two major boron transport genes BOR1 and NIP5;1 in the genomes of different plants

Abstract Boron (B) is an essential plant micronutrient but studies regarding its transport are still limited to a few plants. This work identified two major B transport sequences in plants, NIP5;1 boric acid channel protein and BOR1 transporter. 80 BOR1 and 34 NIP5;1 homologs were identified in 18 different plant genomes. BOR1 homologs had a HCO3-transporter domain, 649–737 amino-acid residues with mainly basic nature, putative 8–11 transmembrane domains (TMDs) and 11–13 exons. NIP5;1 homologs had a MIP family domain, 294–311 amino-acid residues with basic nature, 5–6 putative TMDs and 3–5 exons. Tyrosine-based motif, acidic di-leucine motif and lysine residue, reported for polarity, vacuolar sorting and B-dependent degradation, were identified in BOR1 homologs. Two NPA motifs and an ar/R selectivity filter with AIGR residues, reportedly essential in B transport, were also found in NIP5;1 homologs. Two NPA motifs in AtNIP5;1 and OsNIP3;1 homologs were NPS and NPV, whereas in sequences homologous to AtNIP6;1 were NPA/V. Besides, ar/R selectivity filters were identified with A(N/S/T)IGR residues in NIP5;1 and NIP3;1 homologs. The BOR1 and NIP5;1 model structures were mainly conserved. Under different perturbations, Arabidopsis thaliana NIP5;1 and NIP6;1 genes demonstrated similar expression patterns although they act in different tissues, suggesting a common regulatory mechanism, whereas BOR1 showed a different expression pattern. BOR1 was substantially expressed in primary root, radicle and flower; NIP5;1 in primary root and roots, and NIP6;1 in petiole. NIP5;1, 6;1 and BOR1 expression in other plant organs implied their involvement in different pathways in addition to B uptake and its mobilization.
Kepemimpinan transformasional dan pemberdayaan psikologis pada guru

Pemberdayaan psikologis sumber daya manusia sangat penting agar dalam kinerja suatu organisasi berjalan optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepemimpinan transformasional dan pemberdayaan psikologis pada guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Subyek penelitian ini adalah guru-guru yang bekerja di salah satu sekolah menengah kejuruan swasta yang berjumlah 55 orang. Pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan skala kepemimpinan transformasional dan skala pemberdayaan psikologis. Teknik analisis data menggunakan korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kepemimpinan transformasional dengan pemberdayaan psikologis.
The Effect of an Orff-based Curriculum on Social Emotional Competence of Migrant Children in Shanghai

The quasi-experimental design included students in two kindergarten classes, where one class of 28 students was randomly assigned to receive the treatment while the other class of 28 served as the control group. The intervention was a 16-session Orff music curriculum over a period of eight weeks, aimed at improving children’s social emotional competence. The results indicated that, after participating in the Orff-based musical program, children in the treatment group were rated significantly higher in responsibility, social competence and self regulation as compared to children in the control group beyond that accounted for by the pretest scores and gender. No statistically significant improvements in children’s empathy was found after participation in this program.
Regime fiscale degli enti del terzo settore

Il regime fiscale degli Enti del Terzo settore e cambiato nel tempo, agevolazioni e criteri previsti per le Onlus ora sono stati modificati dal D.lgs. 117/2017 che ha riordinato le previsioni per Odv e Aps. L’articolo, si concentra sulla distinzione e sui parametri fiscali previsti relativi alle attivita erogate dagli Enti del Terzo Settore. La decommercializzazione fiscale prevede specifici criteri relativi al modo in cui l'attivita deve essere svolta. La determinazione forfettaria del reddito d’impresa con il regime forfettario per gli enti del terzo settore prevede percentuali di redditivita da tenere sotto controllo. Le organizzazioni di volontariato, gli enti filantropici e le associazioni di promozione sociale prevedono regimi particolareggiati.
Management Forecast Optimism During Credit Watch and Credit Rating Agencies’ Disciplinary Role

This study investigates management forecast optimism and credit rating agencies’ role in disciplining opportunistic managerial disclosures in the setting of credit watch reviews. Our analysis shows that managers are generally more likely to issue earnings forecasts and to optimistically bias their forecasts during credit watch periods than in non-watch periods. However, their forecast optimism declines when the rating agency involved has a stronger incentive or ability to monitor, such as when it has low conflict of interest or less difficulty detecting bias in disclosures. In such cases, the rating agency is more likely to penalize managers’ watch-period forecast optimism via unfavorable watch resolutions. Our study provides new evidence on opportunistic voluntary disclosures during credit-related events and credit rating agencies’ monitoring role (or lack thereof) in disciplining misrepresentation in voluntary disclosures.
A Historical Account of Viruses in Intensive Horticultural Crops in the Spanish Mediterranean Arc: New Challenges for a Sustainable Agriculture

The epidemiological dynamics followed by viruses in protected horticultural crops in the Mediterranean Arc of Spain has evolved from a majority of those transmitted by aphids to the predominance of whitefly-transmitted ones. Later, due to the shift towards an integrated control that has been quite successful in the control of aleyrodids, not so much in the control of aphids, aphid-borne viruses are having a significant revival in open field cultivation. Another threat is the continuous emergence of new species or variants of mechanically transmitted viruses. Thus, the number of viruses affecting these crops is constantly increasing and their control demands dynamic actions. The main measures that have managed to limit the damage of these diseases have been the improvement in the physical barriers that limit the spread of vectors and the introduction of resistances in the germplasm. Recently, the increased movement of plant materials and of people, the popularity of growing local crop varieties that lack natural resistances against pathogens, and the prospects of global climate change, may well have boosted the frequency of diseases and pests. Faced with this picture, strategies must be addressed from a multidisciplinary approach. The need for in-field diagnostics tools, easy access to information, novel breeding technologies and alternatives to control of these viruses are discussed.
Klasifikasi Mahasiswa HER Berbasis Algoritma SVM dan Decision Tree

Mahasiswa di setiap perguruan tinggi dituntut untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang memenuhi syarat dengan prestasi akademik. Hasil dari pembelajaran mahasiswa didapat dari ujian teori dan praktek, setiap mahasiswa wajib menuntaskan nilai sesuai kriteria kelulusan minimum dari masing-masing dosen pengajar, jika dibawah batas minimum maka mahasiswa mengikuti her. Her adalah salah satu cara untuk menuntaskan kriteria kelulusan minimum. Mahasiswa yang mengikuti her setiap semesternya hampir mencapai angka yang relatif tinggi dari jumlah seluruh mahasiswa. Untuk mengurangi jumlah mahasiswa yang mengikuti her maka dibutuhkan sebuah metode yang dapat mengurangi hal tersebut, dengan metode Support Ve c tor Machine (SVM) dan Decision Tree (DT). SVM dan DT adalah salah satu metode klasifikasi supervised learning . Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini menggunakan SVM dan DT. SVM dapat menghilangkan hambatan pada data, memprediksi, mengklasifikasikan dengan sampling kecil dan dapat meningkatkan akurasi dan mengurangi kesalahan. Klasifikasi data siswa yang melakukan her/peningkatan dengan mengimprovisasi model kernel untuk visualisasi termasuk bar, histogram, dan sebaran begitu juga Decision Tree mempunyai kelebihan tersendiri. Dari hasil penelitian ini telah didapatkan akruasi dan presisi model DT lebih besar dibandingkan dengan SVM, akan tetapi untuk recall DT lebih kecil dibandingkan SVM. Abstract Students in each tertiary institution are required to obtain knowledge and skills that meet the requirements with academic achievement. The results of student learning are obtained from the theory and practice exams, each student is required to complete grades according to the minimum graduation criteria of each teaching lecturer, if below the minimum limit then students take remedial. Remedial is one way to complete the minimum passing criteria. Students who take remedial every semester almost reach a relatively high number of the total number of students. To reduce the number of students who take remedial, a method that can reduce this is needed, with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree (DT) methods. SVM and DT are one of the supervised learning classification methods. Therefore, in this study using SVM and DT. SVM can eliminate barriers to data, predict, classify with small sampling and can improve accuracy and reduce errors. Data classification of students who do remedial/improvements by improving the kernel model for visualization including bars, histograms, and distributions as well as the Decision Tree has its own advantages. From the results of this study it has been obtained that the accuracy and precision of DT models is greater than that of SVM, but for recall DT is smaller than SVM.
Extended state observer–based sliding mode learning control for mechanical system

A novel sliding mode learning controller is proposed for uncertain mechanical system in this paper. The model of uncertain mechanical system is listed first, and then extended state observer is designed for the estimation of the uncertainty. Then, an extended state observer–based sliding surface is constructed. The sliding surface parameters are solved by Lyapunov function approach. Then, a sliding mode learning controller is proposed for uncertain mechanical system to overcome the inherent chattering. Finally, a numerical simulation is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed sliding mode learning controller.
Climate warming and plant biomechanical defences: Silicon addition contributes to herbivore suppression in a pasture grass

Plants, notably the Poaceae, often accumulate large amounts of silicon (Si) from the soil. Si has multiple functional roles, particularly for alleviating abiotic and biotic stresses (e.g., defence against herbivores). Recent evidence suggests that environmental change, including temperature changes, can diminish Si accumulation which could affect functions such as herbivore defence. Using a field warming experiment, we grew a pasture grass (Phalaris aquatica) that was either supplemented or untreated with Si (+Si and −Si, respectively) under ambient and elevated (+2.8°C above ambient) air temperatures. We quantified soil water, plant growth rates, Si accumulation, leaf biomechanical properties and in situ relative growth rates of a herbivorous global insect pest (Helicoverpa armigera). Si supplementation promoted shoot and root biomass by c. 48% and 61%, respectively under ambient temperatures, but these gains were not apparent under warmed conditions. Warmer temperatures reduced Si uptake by −Si plants by c. 17%, potentially due to the lower levels of soil water content in warmed plots. Si supplementation, however, increased Si accumulation in leaves by c. 24% in warmed plots restoring Si levels to those seen under ambient temperatures. Si supplementation enhanced biomechanical properties in the leaves, but this was only statistically significant under ambient temperatures; leaves of +Si plants required 42% more force to fracture and were 30% tougher at the midrib than leaves of −Si plants. The relative growth rates of H. armigera declined by 56% when feeding on +Si plants under ambient temperatures, and while Si supplementation caused a trend towards declining herbivore growth rates under warmer conditions, this was not statistically significant. We conclude that climate warming may mitigate the beneficial effects of Si on Phalaris aquatica in the short term, potentially by reducing Si uptake. While Si uptake can be restored with Si supplementation, Si‐enhanced biomechanical defences against a global pest may not be fully restored under warmer temperatures. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Increasing metabolisable energy and protein supplementation to stimulate the subsequent milk production during late gestation by increasing proliferation and reducing apoptosis in goat mammary gland prepartum

In total, 32 pregnant goats were assigned randomly to four diets fed from Day 100 of pregnancy to Day 30 after parturition, to determine the effects of metabolisable energy (ME) and metabolisable protein (MP) supplementation levels on feed intake, subsequent colostrum and milk production and expression of genes regulating mammary-cell proliferation and apoptosis. Diets were as follows: (1) diet with ME and MP provided according to NRC recommendations (control), (2) diet with extra 10% ME, (3) diet with extra 10% MP, and (4) diet 1 with 10% extra of both ME and MP. Mammary biopsies were obtained from each udder half 24 h after parturition. Feed intake (g/day), and colostrum (kg/day) and milk (kg/month) production increased when the extra ME and MP were provided together prepartum and in early lactation (P < 0.05). Relative mRNA expressions significantly increased in the mammary gland of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1, 4.3-fold), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R, 3.6-fold) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2, 4.6-fold), whereas insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3, 3.2-fold), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax, 16.7-fold) and the ratio of Bax:Bcl-2 expressions significantly decreased (69.8-fold) with increased ME and MP levels fed in late gestation. In conclusion, colostrum production and milk yield in the early lactation period are sensitive to nutrient supply during gestation, where increased dietary ME as well as MP supplementation levels during late gestation will favour mammary development, by increasing expression of genes stimulating cellular proliferation (IGF-1, IGF-1R, Bcl-2) and reduced those stimulating apoptosis (IGFBP-3, Bax).
Fine Structure of Cardiac Sarcomeres in the Black Widow Spider Latrodectus mactans

Fine structural characteristics of the cardiac muscle and its sarcomere organization in the black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans were examined using transmission electron microscopy. The arrangement of cardiac muscle fibers was quite similar to that of skeletal muscle fibers, but they branched off at the ends and formed multiple connections with adjacent cells. Each cell contained multiple myofibrils and an extensive dyadic sarcotubular system consisting of sarcoplasmic reticulum and T‐tubules. Thin and thick myofilaments were highly organized in regular repetitive arrays and formed contractile sarcomeres. Each repeating band unit of the sarcomere had three apparent striations, but the H‐zone and M‐lines were not prominent. Myofilaments were arranged into distinct sarcomeres defined by adjacent Z‐lines with relatively short lengths of 2.0 μm to 3.3 μm. Cross sections of the A‐band showed hexagon‐like arrangement of thick filaments, but the orbit of thin filaments around each thick filament was different from that seen in other vertebrates. Although each thick filament was surrounded by 12 thin filaments, the filament ratio of thin and thick myofilaments varied from 3:1 to 5:1 because thin filaments were shared by adjacent thick filaments.
Source-sink dynamics could sustain HIV epidemics in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Malawi

Background: Approximately 25.5 million individuals are infected with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Epidemics in this region are generalized, show substantial geographic variation in prevalence, and are driven by heterosexual transmission; populations are highly mobile. We propose that generalized HIV epidemics should be viewed as a series of micro-epidemics occurring in multiple connected communities. Using a mathematical model, we test the hypothesis that travel can sustain HIV micro-epidemics in communities where transmission is too low to be self-sustaining. We use Malawi as a case study. Methods: We first conduct a mapping exercise to visualize geographic variation in HIV prevalence and population-level mobility. We construct maps by spatially interpolating georeferenced HIV-testing and mobility data from a nationally representative population-level survey: the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. To test our hypothesis, we construct a novel HIV epidemic model that includes three transmission pathways: resident-to-resident, visitor-caused and travel-related. The model consists of communities functioning as “sources” and “sinks”. A community is a source if transmission is high enough to be self-sustaining, and a sink if it is not. Results: HIV prevalence ranges from zero to 27%. Mobility is high, 27% of the population took a trip lasting at least a month in the previous year. Prevalence is higher in urban centers than rural areas, but long-duration travel is higher in rural areas than urban centers. We show that a source-community can sustain a micro-epidemic in a sink-community, but only if specific epidemiological and demographic threshold conditions are met. The threshold depends upon the level of transmission in the source- and sink-communities, as well as the relative sizes of the two communities. The larger the source than the sink, the lower transmission in the source-community needs to be for sustainability. Discussion: Our results support our hypothesis, and suggest that it may be rather easy for large urban communities to sustain HIV micro-epidemics in small rural communities; this may be occurring in northern Malawi. Visitor-generated and travel-related transmission may also be sustaining micro-epidemics in rural communities in other SSA countries with highly-mobile populations. It is essential to consider mobility when developing HIV elimination strategies.
Búsqueda de primers y optimización de técnicas para la determinación de marcadores de ADN microsatélites en langostino argentino (Pleoticus muelleri)

El langostino argentino (Pleoticus muelleri) se distribuye a lo largo de las costas del Océano Atlántico Sudoccidental, entre los 20º y 50º de Latitud S. En Argentina constituye en la actualidad uno de los recursos de mayor importancia para la actividad pesquera. El elevado valor comercial de este crustáceo en los mercados internacionales lo ha situado como uno de los principales productos de exportación pesquera argentina, representando una participación del 61% del total de exportaciones del sector, con un ingreso anual superior a los 1.200 millones de dólares estadounidenses. En la actualidad, se dispone para la especie de un estudio genético restringido a la zona sur de su distribución (entre los 42 y 47º de latitud S) y que analiza la diversidad de un segmento de ADN mitocondrial del gen COI, y otro que estudia la variabilidad genética del langostino P. muelleri en toda su área de distribución geográfica mediante el análisis de un fragmento de ADN mitocondrial correspondiente al gen región control (CR). Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar marcadores moleculares microsatélites como información de base para el estudio poblacional en el langostino argentino. A partir de bibliografía se seleccionaron cuatro (4) primers que permitieron amplificar microsatélites en otras especies de la misma familia (Solenoceridae). Solo se han obtenidos resultados de amplificación a partir de un par de iniciadores (ZG-71). La secuenciación de estos fragmentos no permitió detectar la conservación de los microsatélites esperados para el desarrollo del marcador específico.
Statistical Machine Translation Customization between Turkish and 11 Languages

Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) has been the dominant corpus-based machine translation (MT) approach in the last twenty years. While SMT has been studied in detail among European languages, it has not been studied sufficiently in language pairs including Turkish as source or target language, and its study has been limited mostly to English ↔ Turkish language pair. This study aims to broaden the perspective on Turkish corpus-based MT studies by training MT engines between Turkish and a wide variety of languages with different features. It surveys customized SMT between Turkish and 11 different languages. Twenty-two SMT engines have been trained in KantanMT with open parallel corpora using Turkish as both source and target language. Three automatic evaluation metrics F-Measure, BLEU, and TER have been used for evaluating MT quality. Due to the variations in the corpus quality and size, highly varying results have been achieved. While Turkish ↔ Catalan engines have had the highest automatic evaluation scores, Turkish ↔ Arabic engines have had the lowest automatic scores. While the quality results are highly varying across languages, we obtain baseline scores for a wide variety of languages coupled with Turkish. These results may provide a reference point for evaluating future MT systems including Turkish.
Mexico’s “Fourth Transformation” after the pandemic: Windows of opportunity for adaptative policies

The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the infectious agent that caused COVID-19, has put a level of pressure on governments and their structures only seen in times of war. The governments of the world face a health challenge that will have profound economic consequences, which requires an effective response to contain the contagions of the disease and, at the same time, an unprecedented economic effort to preserve jobs, value chains and lifestyles. This reality has reached Mexico during the administration of Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, who, since the beginning of his presidential term on December 1, 2018, has launched an ambitious set of austerity measures aimed at releasing resources for cash transfer programs and infrastructure projects. The struggle between a model that bets on reducing the size of the State and that of public spending and an economic reality that will demand more public investment and state intervention will define the course of Mexico's future public policies. The authors discuss a new world full of windows of opportunity to promote a more ambitious social, fiscal and security policy agenda, on which depends the Mexican government ability to avoid the worst social consequences of the pandemic and the economic crisis. Abstract (in Spanish) La propagacion del virus SARS-CoV-2, el agente causante de COVID-19, ha ejercido un nivel de presion sobre los gobiernos y sus estructuras como solamente se habia visto en tiempos de guerra. Los gobiernos del mundo enfrentan un desafio sanitario que tendra profundas consecuencias economicas, lo que demanda una respuesta eficaz para contener los contagios de la enfermedad y, al mismo tiempo, un esfuerzo economico sin precedentes para preservar empleos, cadenas de valor y estilos de vida. Esta realidad ha llegado a Mexico durante la administracion de Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, quien, desde el comienzo de su mandato presidencial el 1 de diciembre de 2018, ha puesto en marcha un ambicioso conjunto de medidas de austeridad a fin de liberar recursos para programas de transferencias y obras de infraestructura. La pugna entre un modelo que apuesta por reducir el gasto del Estado mexicano y una realidad economica que demandara mayor inversion e intervencion estatal definira el rumbo de la politica publica de Mexico. Los autores discuten sobre un mundo nuevo lleno de ventanas de oportunidad para impulsar una agenda de politica social, fiscal y de seguridad mas ambiciosa, de cuyo aprovechamiento depende el poder evitar las peores consecuencias sociales del binomio pandemia-crisis economica.