Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colloidal Wood Resin: Analyses and Interactions

This thesis presents studies of the interactions between suspended particles and dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) in process water. The main focus has been to determine if colloidal wood resin is adsorbed by suspended fines or fillers, and how the dissolved material influences this adsorption. The effect of some synthetic polymers on this adsorption has also been investigated.Successive refining of mainly Norway spruce followed Successive refining of mainly Norway spruce followed by removal of the produced fines after each refining stage, resulted in fines with different physical and chemical properties. In the first refining stage mainly flake-like fines were produced, while more fibrillar fines were produced in later refining stages. The different types of fines were analysed for both the bulk and the surface composition. Variation in the chemical composition between the fines was particularly striking with regard to the surface composition. Special attention was also given to the amount and origin of charged groups since these may consume cationic additives in the papermaking process. After alkali treatment, between 80 and 90% of all the charged groups measured by polymer adsorption originated from three uronic acids.Fines were shown to adsorb model colloidal wood resin, but the adsorption was greatly influenced by the pH or salt content. Also the amount of dissolved components in the suspension, which sterically stabilised the colloidal wood resin, was shown to strongly influence the adsorption of the colloidal wood resin to the fines. The flake-like fines adsorbed the colloidal wood resin to a higher extent than the fibrillar fines. This selectivity was also possible to obtain by using polyethyleneoxide (PEO). PEO removed the sterically stabilised colloidal wood resin more efficiently when flake-like fines rather than fibrillar fines were present. For comparison, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) did not have this selectivity. The selectivity of PEO was explained by a higher affinity to flake-like fines than fibrillar fines. It was shown that more PEO adsorbed to flake-like fines rather than to fibrillar ones. PEO may adsorb to extractive surfaces, but was inhibited by adsorbed components from the dissolved fraction. The degree of stabilisation was also shown to influence the adsorption of the colloidal wood resin by other particles like fillers. This adsorption, which was energetically favourable, did not occur at high concentrations of dissolved material.
Sepsis A systemic response to severe infection or tissue damage , leading to a hyperactive and unbalanced network of pro-inflammatory mediators

| Humans harbour nearly 100 trillion intestinal bacteria that are essential for health. Millions of years of co-evolution have moulded this human–microorganism interaction into a symbiotic relationship in which gut bacteria make essential contributions to human nutrient metabolism and in return occupy a nutrient-rich environment. Although intestinal microorganisms carry out essential functions for their hosts, they pose a constant threat of invasion owing to their sheer numbers and the large intestinal surface area. In this Review, we discuss the unique adaptations of the intestinal immune system that maintain homeostatic interactions with a diverse resident microbiota. REVIEWS nATuRe RevIeWS | Immunology volume 10 | mARcH 2010 | 159 © 20 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved 10
Optimal Compensation Structure in Consumer Cooperatives Under Mixed Oligopoly

The main aim of this paper is to derive properties of an optimal compensation scheme for consumer cooperatives (Coops) in situations of strategic interaction with profitmaximizing firms (PMFs). Our model provides a reason why Coops are less prone than PMFs to pay variable bonuses to their managers. We show that this occurs under price competition when in equilibrium the Coop prefers to pay a straight salary to its manager whereas the profit-maximizing rival adopts a variable, high-powered incentive scheme. The main rationale is that, due to consumers’ preferences, a Coop is per se highly expansionary in term of output and, therefore, does not need to provide strong strategic incentives to their managers to expand output aggressively by undercutting its rival.
ZHANG Ping Top management team heterogeneity and fi rm performance : An empirical research on Chinese listed companies

An empirical study of the 2001–2002 data from 356 Chinese companies listed in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges indicates that within the social context of China the characteristics of a firm’s top management team have a different impact on firm performance from those of foreign countries. Also, the tenure heterogeneity and functional experience heterogeneity of the top management team are inversely related to firm performance. This paper analyzes and discusses the findings in detail and points out areas for future research.
Mixed Messages in a Gender Diversity Initiative

This thesis explores how the workforce perceives and responds to gender diversity initiatives. While it is easy for companies to start talking about gender diversity and initiate different campaigns, it becomes challenging or even difficult to implement them in practice. In male-dominated industries gender diversity initiatives are facing different challenges and the progress remains slow. Our case highlights possible reasons for this: contrasting opinions challenge the initiative, an unclear approach for the implementation of theoretical concepts confuses the workforce as well as an unclear communication that leads to responses and could cause resistance. Our aim for this research is first to critically develop the theoretical and practical approaches to diversity initiatives and second to address the role of communication in diversity initiatives.
Hot particles attract in a cold bath

Controlling interactions out of thermodynamic equilibrium is crucial for designing addressable and functional self-organizing structures. These active interactions also underpin collective behavior in biological systems. Here we study a general setting of active particles in a bath of passive particles, and demonstrate a novel mechanism for long range attraction between active particles. The mechanism operates when the translational persistence length of the active particle motion is smaller than the particle diameter. In this limit, the system reduces to particles of higher diffusivity ("hot" particles) in a bath of particles with lower diffusivity ("cold" particles). This attractive interaction arises as a hot particle pushes cold particles away to create a large hole around itself, and the holes interact via a depletion-like attraction. Strikingly, the interaction range is more than an order of magnitude larger than the particle radius, well beyond the range of conventional depletion force. Although the mechanism occurs outside the parameter regime of typical biological swimmers, the mechanism could be realized in the laboratory.
TREE 2033 No . of Pages 3 Science & Society China ' s Degraded Environment Enters A New Normal [ 2 _ TD $ DIFF ]

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of China's Environment Entering the New Normal. An ecosystem may undergo a regime shift to a new state in response to drivers of change. If positive feedbacks are weak, the new state is potentially reversible, but only if social and economic [1_TD$DIFF] drivers can be sufficiently reduced. If positive feedbacks are strong, the new state exhibits hysteresis (the fold in the response curve), and drivers need to be reduced far below the original tipping point to return to the original state from the new normal. Unprecedented economic growth and urbanization over the past few decades havecausedseriousdegradationofChina's air,water, and soil, at a speedand scale that the world has not seen before (Figure S1 in the supplemental information online). China's recent efforts to tackle these environmental issues are immense and ambitious. For instance, China has committed to reaching its peak carbon emissions by 2030, and is now the largest investor in green energy in the world. The country has started to shift from the gross domestic product (GDP)-obsessed assessment of growth that has compromised environmental sustainability. However, new social conditions are now often coupled to highly altered ecological states (Figure 1): an asymmetry with serious practical implications for environmental governance.
TREE 2022 No . of Pages 2 Letter Resilience Is Complicated , but Comparable : A Reply to Yeung and

We suggested [1] that resilience, as a concept applied to biological systems,must be considered as two features: resistance and recovery. While generally supportive of our stance, Yeung and Richardson's response [2] (hereafter Y&R) might be paraphrased as stating that (i) the dichotomy is wellknown among resilience scientists, (ii) our bivariate maps of resilience do not satisfy the primary interests of such scientists, (iii) disturbances and system responses are more complicated than we suggested, but (iv) various metrics of resistance and recovery should be tailored toeach nominal pairing of system and disturbance.
Experimental and parametric analysis of corrugated composite structures for morphing skin applications

One potential solution for a morphing wing concept could make use of a skin panel that incorporates corrugated laminates in a sandwich structure. Located in the trailing edge region it would have low inand out-of-plane stiffness in the wing chordwise direction in order to achieve large camber and chord length changes on a morphing aerofoil section. This investigation presents experimental and analytical results for a sandwich structure with trapezoidal corrugated skins. Furthermore, a parametric study analyses the effects of corrugation geometry and form on the structural elastic strain and equivalent elastic tensile modulus transversely to the corrugation direction. The results give a good indication of the wide envelope within which corrugated laminates can be designed to meet the requirements for a morphing skin application.
Myocardial infarction Atherosclerotic heart disease Congestive heart failure Diabetes Peripheral vascular disease Dementia Cerebrovascular disease Chronic lung disease Connective tissue disease Ulcer Chronic liver disease Diabetes mellitus Score 2 Score 2 Hemiplegia Cerebrovascular accident Moderate

Today, old age does not represent a formal contraindication to kidney transplantation. Rather, there is evidence that in elderly patients renal transplantation offers longer life expectancy and better quality of life in comparison with dialysis. Yet, the results of renal transplantation in recipients older than 65 years are inferior to those observed in younger adults, death with functioning graft representing a major cause of failure. Therefore, the selection of aged patients is of paramount importance. Apart from the routine clinical and biological investigations, three aspects have been relatively neglected by the transplant community and may require a careful analysis in elderly candidates to transplantation: the presence and degree of frailty, the presence of comorbidities and the adherence to prescriptions. Although there are rapid and simple tests for assessing the degree of frailty in the elderly, there is no clear cut-off value to decide whether a patient should be accepted or not. With advanced age the prevalence and severity of cardiovascular events and other diseases tend to increase. The use of combined age–comorbidity indices may be helpful to identify patients at high risk of mortality. Another critical point is the poor unintentional adherence to treatment, often caused by forgetfulness and mild cognitive impairment. These drawbacks may be further enhanced by a high number of pills to take and by changes in the dosage or type of prescriptions. A careful screening of the presence and degree of frailty, comorbidity and poor compliance to treatment is highly recommended before admitting older candidates to the waiting list for transplantation. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Yarrowia lipolytica is a promising production host for a wide range of molecules, but limited sugar consumption abilities prevent utilization of an abundant source of renewable feedstocks. In this study we created a Y. lipolytica strain capable of utilizing cellobiose as a sole carbon source by using endogenous promoters to express the cellodextrin transporter cdt-1 and intracellular bglucosidase gh1-1 from Neurospora crassa. The engineered strain was also capable of simultaneous co-consumption of glucose and cellobiose. Although cellobiose was consumed slower than glucose when engineered strains were cultured with excess nitrogen, culturing with limited nitrogen led to cellobiose consumption rates comparable to those of glucose. Under limited nitrogen conditions, the engineered strain produced citric acid as a major product and we observed greater citric acid yields from cellobiose (0.37 g/g) than glucose (0.28 g/g). Culturing with a sole carbon source of either glucose or cellobiose induced additional differences on cell physiology and metabolism and a link is suggested to evasion of glucose-sensing mechanisms through intracellular creation and consumption of glucose. We ultimately applied this cellobioseutilization system to produce citric acid from bioconversion of crystalline cellulose through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF).
The impact of early life adversity on cortical structure in adolescent twins followed sincebirth

Animal studies have shown that fetal exposure to adversity affects brain development and emotion regulation later on. Emotion regulation would be related to a structural change in the brain, particularly the fronto-limbic circuitry. However, results have not been entirely confirmed in humans. The purpose of the present study was to test whether early adversity leads to structural changes in the fronto-limbic (prefrontal, orbitofrontal and cingulate) regions, previously identified as key areas in emotion (dys)regulation. Main measures of adversity were low birth weight and maternal hostility because these were among the best predictors of developmental and behavioral outcomes in humans. Secondary measures, including difficult child temperament and adolescent impulsivity, were used because of their link with brain and emotion development. Participants were identical twins part of Quebec Study of Newborn Twins (QSNT, N = 650 pairs), followed from 5 months to 15 years, their current age. Using identical twins allowed to better control the genetic factors and, thus, to better isolate the specific effects of early environment. Thirty-seven pairs have been recruited. Each twin’s brain structure was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed using linear regression. Birth weight showed no effect on brain structure. Maternal hostility predicted a reduction in cortical area of posterior cingulate gyrus. Difficult child temperament predicted a reduction in cortical area of orbitofrontal cortex. Impulsivity was associated with smaller cortical area and volume in prefrontal cortex. These results highlight the importance of the early interventions in order to prevent the alterations leading to development of psychopathology.
Road safety Evaluation based on artificial neural network

BP neural network algorithm is easy to get a local optimum and fall into local loop in calculation, which makes slow training speed and unstable calculation, so the development and application of the algorithm are restricted. The road safety evaluation is an important Part of the traffic safety research. The existing traffic safety evaluation most based on traffic accident data but not the road environment; otherwise, the traffic safety evaluation is usually in the large area but not the road: the methods used most are traffic accident rate and step analysis. For this situation, this paper advanced a new evaluation that uses the factors that influence the road safety. This paper uses ordinary BP algorithm to overcome the above problems. After analyzing the root causes of the defects of BP algorithm, specific calculation steps of genetic algorithm is improved when used to improve BP algorithm first. Then the calculation flows of new algorithm are redesigned.
An entrepreneurial perspective on developing a negotiation simulator

Motivated by the challenge of combining psychological theories and methods with high-tech gaming and simulating technology, a project was carried out to develop a simulator that could train people in the skill of negotiation. An analysis of the existing theory, interviews with experienced negotiators and observations of negotiation in action formed the basis for a User Centred Design process. Through the application of Contextual Design methods, traditional qualitative methods, and a Usability test, this process has currently resulted in the overall design of a training program and an early design prototype. This work is described in the following document. In addition this paper will add an exploratory perspective to the scarcely researched area of establishing a venture that is spun off from the university, with the goal to make it easier for other companies, students, and faculties to establish venture companies, by elaborating the process and the experiences connected to developing a venture spin-off at the university. The paper compares a case with four other university spin-offs, described through four different process theories; the life cycle, teleological, dialectic, and the evolutionary. The main findings indicate that the universities role for the spin-offs are varying but that the universities impact could inhibit the process through administrative formalities, and difficult tehnostructure.
GÉNÉRALE L ’ analyse de l ’ expectoration induite dans l ’ asthme permet une nouvelle approche de l ’ inflammation

Asthma is an inflammatory condition. Traditionally bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial biopsies obtained by bronchoscopy have been used to demonstrate inflammation. Induced-sputum is a non-invasive, reliable, reproducible and safer technique for monitoring inflammatory activity in patients with asthma. Studies have shown that induced-sputum measures aspects of inflammation distinct to that measured by bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial biopsies. Numerous studies have suggested that induced-sputum is a potentially useful tool for early diagnosis of exacerbation, monitoring of therapy, identification of the lowest effective dose and assessing compliance in asthmatics. In this respect, we suggest that this test can be routinely used in the management of diffıcult asthmatics.
Unravelling the complexity of organizational and occupational culture through an exploration of eight cultural schools: a case study of chefs working in luxury hotels and restaurants Original Citation Cameron, Derek (2009) Unravelling the complexity of organizational and occupational culture through

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Agricultural and Resource Economics

The paper analyses economic characteristics of the farms, situated in the less favored areas of Lithuania and Poland. A comparative analysis of farms located in less-favored areas in Lithuania and Poland was conducted in terms of their income diversification and economic situation. In addition, a short description of the compensation payments, their types and rates, was provided in both countries. Using the panel models and correlation analyzes, we identified the most important determinants of agricultural income. The gross agricultural income per hectare of UR was estimated as variable. It was hypothesized that the location of farms in LFA areas determined the income of their owners in a statistically significant way. The impact of compensatory payments on the economic situation of the surveyed companies in Lithuania and Poland was also shown.
Survival and Presenting Complaint of Canine and Feline Paediatric Emergencies Presenting to UK Emergency Clinics

Objective: To describe the presenting problems for paediatric dogs and cats presented to emergency clinics, and to determine what factors influence mortality. Background: There is a lack of published literature available on canine and feline paediatric emergencies, their survival rates and factors that contribute to mortality. Experience and opinion largely replace evidence-based medicine when treating this subset of the emergency population. Evidentiary value: Evidentiary value for primary and emergency care practitioners is strong as the data is based on a large primary emergency care database. The paediatric population analysed consisted of 3142 paediatric canine and feline patients. Methods: A retrospective review of canine and feline emergency admissions to emergency out-of-hours clinics (May 2012-January 2014) was conducted. Data recorded included age, nature of complaint, euthanasia/death during treatment, and survival to discharge. Survival to discharge included all patients who presented to the clinic for examination, received treatment and were subsequently discharged; this includes those patients who were discharged home or to their primary vets care. Patients were divided into four groups: canine patients ≤ 3 months of age and 3-6 months and feline patients ≤ 3 months of age and 3-6 months. Results: Paediatric patients represented around 3% of the emergency cases identified in the database. Survival to discharge in patients ≤3 months of age was significantly reduced in comparison to patients between 3-6 months of age, in both species. Feline paediatric patients had reduced survival to discharge compared to their canine counterparts. Conclusion: Paediatric patients have a low survival rate, indiscriminate of species and reason for presentation, with lower survival in younger animals; with a significant difference in survival between canine and feline patients. Application: The results of this study are important to small animal veterinarians in both emergency and non-emergency practice.
Measuring progress toward global marine conservation targets

Marine species and their habitats are facing widespread overexploitation and degradation, respectively. In response to urgent calls for their protection, the international community agreed to establish representative networks of marine protected areas by 2012 that would conserve and protect 10–30% of specific habitats. To achieve these goals will require reliable estimates of the total area occupied by each habitat. We evaluated this assumption for coral reefs by generating estimates of coral reef area from high-spatial-resolution, remotely sensed imagery (30-m resolution Landsat data), and comparing these with existing published data (usually >1-km resolution). Discrepancies between previous estimates and our values ranged from +1316% to −64%. This uncertainty is incompatible with realistic achievement of the 10–30% conservation targets. We conclude that currently available estimates of the global extent of most coastal marine habitats are based on data that are too poorly resolved to be useful in evalua.