Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Species of Aponogeton (Aponogetonaceae)

Tuber globosum c. 5 mm. diam. Folia submersa, isoetoidea, leviter compressa, 5-10o cm. longa, 3-5-4'5 mm. diam. , basi et apice cuneata, viridia. Pedunculus pergracilis, filamentosus, fragilis, usque 2 m. longus, inflorescentiam versus haud incrassatus. Spatha usque I -3 cm. longa inflorescentiam juvenilem omnino includens, infra medium circumscissa, operculo deciduo. Inflorescentia natans, spicam solitariam, abbreviatam, subcapitatam, valde densifloram formans; flores omnifariam dispositi, perianthia floribus inferioribus sterilibus circumcincta. Flores steriles plures, tepalo uno, tandem caduco, 8-io mm. longo, 2-5-4'5 mm. lato, anguste oblonge vel ovato, apice rotundato, albo, tantum instructi. Flores bisexuales c. 8; inferiores tepalis 2 instructis, superiores normaliter sine tepalis, aut tepalo uno eisdem florum sterilium simile provisi. Stamina 6; filamenta 3 mm. longa; antherae
ICESAT-2 ALTIMETRY AS GEODETIC CONTROL

Abstract. Digital elevation models (DEMs) are of fundamental importance for a large variety of scientific and commercial applications. Many geoscience studies require the most precise and current information about the Earth’s topography. Independent quality assessments of these DEMs are crucial to their appropriate use in land process studies, as inputs to models, and for detection of topographic change. The Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) provided globally-distributed elevation data of high accuracy that demonstrated to be well-suited for evaluating continental DEMs after appropriate editing (Carabajal and Harding, 2005; Carabajal and Harding, 2006; Carabajal et al., 2010 and 2011; Carabajal and Boy, 2016). ICESat-2, launched on September 15th, 2018, provides an opportunity to develop a dataset suitable for Geodetic Ground Control. With increased coverage, ICESat-2/ATLAS features 6 laser beams with 532 nm wavelength, using photon counting technologies. With a nearly polar orbit, altimetry from ICESat-2 is available for latitudes reaching up to 88 degrees, on a 91-day repeat orbit with monthly sub-cycles. ICESat-2’s footprint size is ∼17 m, at 10 kHz pulse repetition frequency, or 0.75 m along track. Its pointing control is 45 m, with a pointing knowledge of 6.5 m, and a single photon precision of 800 ps. Sophisticated data processing techniques on the ground, optimized by surface type, produce high quality estimates of topography. We illustrate the use of ICESat-2 altimetry to assess DEM’s accuracy using ATL08 release 002 elevations (Land and Vegetation) products (Neuenschwander and Pitts, 2019), showing comparable results to those using ICESat-derived Geodetic Ground Control.
Work-Family Conflict and Psychological Health Among Nurses: A Preliminary Observation

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Nursing is a female-dominated profession and is commonly considered as a stressful and challenging job. The nature of the nurses’ work, which is highly demanding, brings about difficulties in balancing work and family life, further resulting in work-family conflict. Apart from workplace stressors, workfamily conflict has been identified as one of the factors that can threaten nurses' psychological health. This literature review thus sought to identify the factors associated with nurses’ experience of workfamily conflict and its consequences to their psychological health. Accordingly, this literature review found that nurses’ work characteristics, namely, shift work, job demand and individual factors, significantly influence work-family conflict, which may in turn affect their psychological health in several ways. Future research should focus on positive conditions or resource-based perspectives that can help nurses in reducing work-family conflict and enhancing their health and well-being.
Coreference Resolution Using Semantic Features and Fully Connected Neural Network in the Persian Language

Coreference resolution is one of the most critical issues in various applications of natural language processing, such as machine translation, sentiment analysis, summarization, etc. In the process of coreference resolution, in this paper, a fully connected neural network approach has been adopted to enhance the performance of feature extraction whilst also facilitating the mention pair classification process for coreference resolution in the Persian language. For this purpose, first, we focus on the feature extraction phase by fusing some handcrafted features, word embedding features and semantic features. Then, a fully connected deepneuralnetworkisutilizedtodeterminetheprobabilityofthevalidityofthementionpairs.Afterthat,thenumericoutputof thelastlayeroftheutilizedneuralnetworkisconsideredasthefeaturevectorofthevalidmentionpairs.Finally,thecoreference mentionpairsarespecifiedbyutilizingahierarchicalaccumulativeclusteringmethod.Theproposedmethod’sevaluationontheUppsaladatasetdemonstratesameaningfulimprovement,asindicatedbytheF-score64.54%,incomparisontostate-of-the-art methods. ©
Ground-based validation of the Copernicus Sentinel-5P TROPOMI NO2 measurements with the NDACC ZSL-DOAS, MAX-DOAS and Pandonia global networks

Abstract. This paper reports on consolidated ground-based validation results of the atmospheric NO2 data produced operationally since April 2018 by the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board of the ESA/EU Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite. Tropospheric, stratospheric, and total NO2 column data from S5P are compared to correlative measurements collected from, respectively, 19 Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS), 26 Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) Zenith-Scattered-Light DOAS (ZSL-DOAS), and 25 Pandonia Global Network (PGN)/Pandora instruments distributed globally. The validation methodology gives special care to minimizing mismatch errors due to imperfect spatio-temporal co-location of the satellite and correlative data, e.g. by using tailored observation operators to account for differences in smoothing and in sampling of atmospheric structures and variability and photochemical modelling to reduce diurnal cycle effects. Compared to the ground-based measurements, S5P data show, on average, (i) a negative bias for the tropospheric column data, of typically −23 % to −37 % in clean to slightly polluted conditions but reaching values as high as −51 % over highly polluted areas; (ii) a slight negative median difference for the stratospheric column data, of about −0.2 Pmolec cm−2, i.e. approx. −2 % in summer to −15 % in winter; and (iii) a bias ranging from zero to −50 % for the total column data, found to depend on the amplitude of the total NO2 column, with small to slightly positive bias values for columns below 6 Pmolec cm−2 and negative values above. The dispersion between S5P and correlative measurements contains mostly random components, which remain within mission requirements for the stratospheric column data (0.5 Pmolec cm−2) but exceed those for the tropospheric column data (0.7 Pmolec cm−2). While a part of the biases and dispersion may be due to representativeness differences such as different area averaging and measurement times, it is known that errors in the S5P tropospheric columns exist due to shortcomings in the (horizontally coarse) a priori profile representation in the TM5-MP chemical transport model used in the S5P retrieval and, to a lesser extent, to the treatment of cloud effects and aerosols. Although considerable differences (up to 2 Pmolec cm−2 and more) are observed at single ground-pixel level, the near-real-time (NRTI) and offline (OFFL) versions of the S5P NO2 operational data processor provide similar NO2 column values and validation results when globally averaged, with the NRTI values being on average 0.79 % larger than the OFFL values.
The role of CCL5 (RANTES) in the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the guinea pig

The Role of CCL5 (RANTES) in the Immune Response Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Guinea Pig. (December 2004) Troy Arthur Skwor, B.S., University of Wisconsin – Madison Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. David N. McMurray Tuberculosis is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to an infectious disease. Development of a new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine would be facilitated by a better understanding of the mechanisms of protection induced by the current TB vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Recombinant guinea pig (rgp)CCL5 and anti-rgpCCL5 were developed and characterized. The biological activity of rgpCCL5 was determined in a chemotaxis assay using T lymphocytes and pleural exudate cells. The specificity of rabbit anti-rgpCCL5 polyclonal antibody was confirmed by Western blot. RgpCCL5 was used to stimulate alveolar and peritoneal macrophages in vitro. and cytokine/chemokine gene expression was evaluated using real-time PCR. RgpCCL5 stimulated TNFα, IL-1β, CCL2, and CXCL8 mRNA expression and TNFα protein production (as assessed in the L929 cell bioassay) in macrophages. The effect of BCG-vaccination on CCL5 expression and production in leukocytes infected with M. tuberculosis was examined in vitro and in vivo. Polyclonal anti-rgpCCL5 was used to develop an ELISA assay to quantify gpCCL5 protein levels, and real-time PCR was used to detect CCL5 mRNA. Leukocytes isolated from BCGvaccinated guinea pigs and infected in vitro with virulent M. tuberculosis demonstrated
Filtration of BSA through TiO2 photocatalyst modified PVDFmembranes

In this study, composite ultrafilter membranes were prepared by coating Polyvinylidene fluoride [PVDF; molecular weight cut off (MWCO) values of 30 and 100 kDa] with inorganic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Hydrophilicity, flux, and rejection performance of the pristine and modified membranes using 1 g/L bovine serum albumin (BSA) under different pH conditions were compared. Reversible and irreversible filtration resistances were calculated and compared using a resistance-inseries model. Regeneration of the fouled modified membrane using ultraviolet (UV) light was also studied. Modified PVDF membrane is found to be very hydrophilic due to the TiO2 layer, and in the case of 30 kDa membranes, it exhibits higher filtration resistances. As pH increases, the irreversible resistance decreases and is smaller than the reversible resistance due to strong repulsion forces between the BSA-BSA molecules and the BSA-membrane surface. Due to differences in membrane MWCO, the higher rejection was found with the 30 kDa membranes. The surprising result was that the modified TiO2 layer decreased BSA rejection with enhanced filtration resistance, This could be explained by the presence of TiO2, which prevents the formation of a gel layer, and/or the nanoparticles may change the protein structure, allowing for permeation. TiO2-coated PVDF membranes revealed better antifouling properties and cleaning of membranes by exposure to UV light resulted in the recovery of original flux after 3 h (30 kDa) and 2 h (100 kDa), respectively. Although this work could not provide good separation of proteins via the modified membranes, these results reveal the necessity of further investigation into the interactions between proteins and nanoparticles.
Alkohola edatearen eragina garun-nerabean (Alcohol drinking consequences on the adolescent brain)

LABURPENA: Jakina da gure gizartean alkoholaren kontsumoa oso hedatuta eta onartuta dagoela; eta horren gehiegizko kontsumoak eragin ekonomikoak, sozialak eta osasunean ditu. Gehiengoetan alkoholaren lehendabiziko kontsumoa nerabezaroan ematen da. Jakinda garun-nerabea heltzen ari den organoa dela, argi dago alkoholaren kontsumoak eraginak dituela bere garapenean. Bere ezaugarri biologikoak direla eta, garun-nerabeak ez du gaitasun nahikorik ekintzen ondorioak aurreikusteko eta, horrek, alkoholaz gain beste droga batzuen gehiegizko kontsumoa egiteko arriskua handitzen du. Beraz, beharrezkoa egiten da nerabeei ezagutaraztea zeintzuk diren alkohola edatearen eragin kaltegarriak, bere kontsumo patroia alda dezaten. Horretarako, lan honetan alkoholaren gehiegizko kontsumoaren eraginak garun-helduan azaltzen hasten gara eta garun-nerabean dituen eraginekin amaitu, tartean garun-nerabeak dituen hainbat ezaugarri aipatuz.
FINANCIAL SYSTEM AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AROUND THE WORLD . LESSONS FOR EMERGING MARKETS

This article aims to scrutinize features of models of corporate governance across the globe. The purpose of the article is to find an optimal model that can be employed and developed by companies from emerging markets. Corporate governance is closely connected with a financial system of a country. Usually, corporations appear to partnerships between managers-employees that take part in corporate governance and form human capital assets and external investors. Main goal of managers is to maximize stockholders’ wealth. According to US and UK laws, managers must serve the interests of stockholders. From this point of view, it is assumed that the Board of Directors represents stockholders’ interests. But laws and traditions vary among different countries. It is widely accepted to distinguish corporate governance between countries with market-based and bank-based systems. The article is divided into two parts. The first part studies the interconnection between corporate finance and corporate governance. The second part explores corporate governance models of developed countries (Anglo-Saxon countries, Germany, Japan, and Italy) and emerging countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China) in attempt to find out differences among them. The conclusion presents key elements of corporate governance system and shows that the optimal model for emerging markets should be based on the system of Network Governance that take into account interests of all the stakeholders.
Effects of vibration on mechanical efficiency during cycling

While efficiency has been identified as a key determinant of endurance cycling performance, there is limited research investigating how vibration may influence this factor. Therefore, this feasibility study aimed to assess the effects of vibration on mechanical efficiency during cycling performance. Following institutional ethics approval, 20 undergraduate students (Mean ± SD Age = 22.35 ± 2.78 yrs.; Height = 1.77 ± 0.08 m; Mass = 87.02 ±16.63 Kg) cycled for 15 minutes on a stationary Power Plate powerBIKETM ergometer in both vibration and non-vibration conditions. During each condition, the gross mechanical efficiency (GE) was calculated. A Wilcoxon signed rank statistical test reported a significant increase (P < 0.001) in oxygen consumption during the vibration condition (24.5 ± 3.8 ml.kg.min-1) compared to the non-vibration condition (16.9 ± 2.7 ml.kg.min-1). Subsequently, there was a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in GE during the vibration condition (15.77 ± 2.8%) compared to the non-vibration condition (23.1 ± 3.5%). Findings therefore suggest that being exposed to vibration during cycling has the potential to significantly increase energy demand, and negatively affect an individual’s efficiency. This has implications for the cyclist as increased oxygen consumption, without increased cadence or resistance, will negatively affect performance. Further investigation is now required to ascertain how vibration affects efficiency during cycling, to evaluate methods designed to dampen vibration transmission, and to better prepare cyclists for such exposure.
A Critical Study of Geospatial Algorithm Use in Crime Analysis and Predictive Policing

A CRITICAL STUDY OF GEOSPATIAL ALGORITHM USE IN CRIME ANALYSIS AND PREDICTIVE POLICING Katherine Weathington Marquette University, 2020 We examine in detail two geospatial analysis algorithms commonly used in predictive policing. The k-means clustering algorithm is used to partition input data into k clusters, while Kernel Density Estimation algorithms convert geospatial data into a 2-dimensional probability distribution function. Both algorithms serve unique roles in predictive policing, helping to inform the allocation of limited police resources. Through critical analysis of the k-means algorithm, we found that parameter choice can greatly impact how crime in a city is clustered, which therefor impacts how mental models of crime in the city are developed. Interviews with crime analysts who regularly used k-means revealed that parameters are overwhelmingly chosen arbitrarily. Similarly, KDE parameters greatly influence the resulting PDF, which are visualized in difficult to interpret heatmaps. A mixed method user study with participants of varying backgrounds revealed that those with backgrounds in law enforcement and/or criminal justice rarely actively chose the parameters used, in part due to not fully comprehending the meaning of less obvious parameters. It was also found that individuals with different backgrounds tended to interpret heatmaps and make resource distribution decisions differently. There are several implications from these findings. Primarily, this implies that most would-be users lack the training and expertise to reliably implement and interpret geospatial crime analysis algorithms. Both within and without crime labs, critical thought is rarely given to parameter choice, especially for parameters without a clear, easily understandable explanation. These factors illuminate predictive policing being an inexact science, despite being taken as reliable and objective. These shortcomings and misconceptions, due to their pivotal role at the earliest part of the policing and criminal justice system, have long term consequences for denizens of any place being policed at behest of an algorithm.
REGRESSION UNILATÉRALE DES CORPS JAUNES APRÈS HYSTERECTOMIE PARTIELLE CHEZ LA TRUIE

Par l'ablation de la plus grande partie de l'utérus de la truie, pratiquée entre le 7 e et le 9 e jour du cycle, il est possible de provoquer une dissymétrie entre le fonctionnement des 2 ovaires : en effet, les corps jaunes, présents au moment de l'opération, persistent avec leur allure typique fonctionnelle sur l'ovaire situé du côté opposé au fragment de corne laissé ; de l'autre les corps jaunes régressent comme en fin de cycle. La taille du morceau d'utérus laissé semble être l'élément primordial de ce phénomène ; elle doit être inférieure à 2 6 cm. Le fragment peut être ligaturé ou non. Il peut se trouver n'importe où sur le ligament large, mais , s'il est situé dans la partie tubaire de la corne utérine, la réaction ovarienne intervient avec une plus grande régularité. La dissymétrie persiste pendant au moins 1 0 0 jours.
Governments’ Role in Markets: Identifying Variation in States’ Success in Influencing Affordable Housing

The increasing polarization of modern politics combined with the increasing cost burden housing provides for many families has placed the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) under scrutiny. Once known for being an effective compromise across the aisle, LIHTC used tax credits to create a market for affordable housing developments across the country. This program has created a majority of the affordable housing units in the country, but the involvement of private profit seeking organizations has many concerned over the incentives of these agents. Previous studies demonstrate that despite utilizing a market based approach, some state housing authorities like Texas have been able to successfully create affordable rental units that meet their stated priorities. However, some states such as North Carolina have not been as successful. This study aims to identify the variation in state housing authorities’ potency in implementing their LIHTC programs and creating affordable housing in their states. Table of
Petri Nets Based Max-flow/Min-cut Modeling and Analyzing

Max-flow/min-cut is named by the dual problem of finding a flow with maximum value in a given network and looking for a cut with minimum capacity overall cuts of the network. Petri Nets (PNs) is an effective modeling tool which has been widely used for the description of distributed systems in terms of both intuitive graphical representations and primitives well-defined by mathematics. Most cited references related to the max-flow/min-cut focus on either the improvement of the solving algorithm or its applications. Whereas in this paper, PNs are adopted to model and analyze the max-flow/min-cut. Firstly, algorithms for generating models from a given flow network and its residual network are introduced based on the PNs theory. Then, the models are combined to simulate the classic Ford-Fulkerson for solving the max-flow/min-cut and finding flow distributions when the max-flow achieves. Finally, simulation results and proofs are presented to show that our method is an intuitive and effective way of understanding and presenting the max-flow/min-cut theory and to ensure its validity. The proposed PNs based method is extensible because the idea can easily be applied to other graph problems similar to the Max-flow/min-cut.
Modern Issues Of Overcoming Stuttering In Speech Therapy

Despite the fact that the phenomenon of "stuttering" is quite a mature and comprehensively studied issue in speech therapy, still many ambiguous sides of this problem remain unresolved. Most modern researchers would agree that multiple factors, including those associated with linguistic, motor, sensory, and emotional processes, are likely involved in its development and preservation. According to the conceptual analysis of the problem of speech therapy, the need for a comprehensive application of speech therapy methods in the process of overcoming stuttering, as well as the need to introduce them in social micro-macro environments, is indisputable. The "maps" outlining the guidelines and the action plan, which would support the effective implementation of the latter. A qualitative framework was used in order to obtain the review and experience that specialists have had during their practices while working with stuttering person and his/her family.
A Unidirectional Hybrid HVDC Transmission System Based on Diode Rectifier and Full-Bridge MMC

To reduce the cost of bulk power transmission using voltage source converter high-voltage DC (HVDC) technology, a unidirectional hybrid converter is proposed, where a diode rectifier (DR) and a modular multilevel converter (MMC) based on full-bridge (FB) submodules are connected in series on DC side. The FB-MMC controls its DC voltage to regulate the transmitted power. The majority of the power transmission is via the DR considering its cost and efficiency superiority and only low power rating FB-MMC is required. A thyristor valve is equipped at the DC side of the FB-MMC to prevent potential overcharge of the FB submodules during DC faults. Compared to conventional MMCs, losses can potentially be reduced by around 20%. An active power controller is proposed to regulate the DC voltage of the FB-MMC so as to control the transmitted power. With the inverter station controlling its DC terminal voltage constant, the FB-MMC increases the output DC voltage to increase the transmitted power and vice versa. To alleviate overvoltage of the HVDC link during AC grid faults of the inverter station, a dynamic DC voltage limiter is designed to actively reduce the DC output voltage of the FB-MMC. Simulation results confirm the proposed converter operation and control.