Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a specific uptake system for iron phytosiderophores in roots of grasses.

Roots of grasses in response to iron deficiency markedly increase the release of chelating substances (;phytosiderophores') which are highly effective in solubilization of sparingly soluble inorganic Fe(III) compounds by formation of Fe(III)phytosiderophores. In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the rate of iron uptake from Fe(III)phytosiderophores is 100 to 1000 times faster than the rate from synthetic Fe chelates (e.g. Fe ethylenediaminetetraacetate) or microbial Fe siderophores (e.g. ferrichrome). Reduction of Fe(III) is not involved in the preferential iron uptake from Fe(III)phytosiderophores by barley. This is indicated by experiments with varied pH, addition of bicarbonate or of a strong chelator for Fe(II) (e.g. batho-phenanthrolinedisulfonate). The results indicate the existence of a specific uptake system for Fe(III)phytosiderophores in roots of barley and all other graminaceous species. In contrast to grasses, cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) take up iron from Fe(III)phytosiderophores at rates similar to those from synthetic Fe chelates. Furthermore, under Fe deficiency in cucumber, increased rates of uptake of Fe(III)phytosiderophores are based on the same mechanism as for synthetic Fe chelates, namely enhanced Fe(III) reduction and chelate splitting. Two strategies are evident from the experiments for the acquisition of iron by plants under iron deficiency. Strategy I (in most nongraminaceous species) is characterized by an inducible plasma membrane-bound reductase and enhancement of H(+) release. Strategy II (in grasses) is characterized by enhanced release of phytosiderophores and by a highly specific uptake system for Fe(III)phytosiderophores. Strategy II seems to have several ecological advantages over Strategy I such as solubilization of sparingly soluble inorganic Fe(III) compounds in the rhizosphere, and less inhibition by high pH. The principal differences in the two strategies have to be taken into account in screening methods for resistance to ;lime chlorosis'.
An Iterative Learning Control Approach for Linear Systems With Randomly Varying Trial Lengths

This technical note addresses an iterative learning control (ILC) design problem for discrete-time linear systems where the trial lengths could be randomly varying in the iteration domain. An ILC scheme with an iteration-average operator is introduced for tracking tasks with non-uniform trial lengths, which thus mitigates the requirement on classic ILC that all trial lengths must be identical. In addition, the identical initialization condition can be absolutely removed. The learning convergence condition of ILC in mathematical expectation is derived through rigorous analysis. As a result, the proposed ILC scheme is applicable to more practical systems. In the end, two illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the performance and the effectiveness of the averaging ILC scheme for both time-invariant and time-varying linear systems.
Experimental Conditions and Mathematical Analysis of Kinetic Measurements Using Flow Cytometry – The FacsKin Method

Flow cytometry is in use for the assessment of different cell subsets' prevalence for decades. However, the development of specific dyes sensitive for the quickly changing intracellular analytes provided an opportunity for the real-time monitoring of intracellular processes with flow cytometry. In these kinetic measurements additionally to cell prevalence values the time as a novel variable is introduced. This enables researchers to gather data on cellular functionality from a new perspective, as the recording of a kinetic parameter with flow cytometry provides information on intracellular processes in several cell subtypes in a simultaneous manner, where physiological cell-cell interactions (such as cytokines) are still present. This approach may be a useful tool in many different areas of immune research. However, the mathematical formulae to characterize the several millions of data recorded during one measurement are still missing.
Coherent backscattering of light in atomic systems: Application to weak localization in an ensemble of cold alkali-metal atoms

Development of a theoretical treatment of multiple coherent light scattering in an ultracold atomic gas is reported. Specific application is made to coherent backscattering of a weak-radiation field from realistically modeled samples of ultracold atomic {sup 85}Rb. Comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations of the spatial, spectral, and polarization dependence of the backscattering line shape are made and compared with available experimental results.
Cervical Carcinoma and Human Papillomavirus: On the Road to Preventing a Major Human Cancer

important aspects of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections: the infection as an indicator of high-risk lesions (1), strain variation as an indicator for a high risk of disease progression (2), and a phase I clinical trial revealing the potent immunogenicity of the three vaccine preparations tested (3). cytologic test, cells Cells protein be visualized readily by specific immune staining. test systems higher specificity and sensitivity will available to improve both the early diagnosis of HPV infections and, particularly, of progressing cervical lesions. The article excellent for future com-parisons in randomized trials.
Addressing the MFS Bias in WSD systems

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) systems tend to have a strong bias towards assigning the Most Frequent Sense (MFS), which results in high performance on the MFS but in a very low performance on the less frequent senses. We addressed the MFS bias in WSD systems by combining the output from a WSD system with a set of mostly static features to create a MFS classifier to decide when to and not to choose the MFS. The output from this MFS classifier, which is based on the Random Forest algorithm, is then used to modify the output from the original WSD system. We applied our classifier to one of the state-of-the-art supervised WSD systems, i.e. IMS, and to of the best state-of-the-art unsupervised WSD systems, i.e. UKB. Our main finding is that we are able to improve the system output in terms of choosing between the MFS and the less frequent senses. When we apply the MFS classifier to fine-grained WSD, we observe an improvement on the less frequent sense cases, whereas we maintain the overall recall.
Analysis of the effects of turning bias on chemotaxis in C. elegans

SUMMARY C. elegans advances up a chemical gradient by modulating the probability of occasional large, course-correcting turns called pirouettes. However, it remains uncertain whether C. elegans also uses other behavioral strategies for chemotaxis. Previous observations of the unusual, spiral-shaped chemotaxis tracks made by the bent-head mutant unc-23 point to a different strategy in which the animal continuously makes more subtle course corrections. In the present study we have combined automated tracking of individual animals with computer modeling to test the hypothesis that the pirouette strategy is sufficient on its own to account for the spiral tracks. Tracking experiments showed that the bent-head phenotype causes a strong turning bias and disrupts pirouette execution but does not disrupt pirouette initiation. A computer simulation of disrupted pirouette behavior and turning bias reproduced the spiral tracks of unc-23 chemotaxis behavior, showing that the pirouette strategy is sufficient to account for the mutant phenotype. In addition, the simulation reproduced higher order features of the behavior such as the relationship between the handedness of the spiral and the side to which the head was bent. Our results suggest that the pirouette mechanism is sufficient to account for a diverse range of chemotaxis trajectories.
Accurate transmission line characterization

A method for the characterization of transmission lines fabricated on lossy or dispersive dielectrics is introduced. The method, which is more accurate than conventional techniques, is used to examine the resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance per unit length of coplanar waveguide transmission lines fabricated on lossy silicon substrates. <<ETX>>
Observacións sobre as actitudes e os comportamentos relativos ós cambios de código en Santiago de Compostela

Neste traballo pretendemos estudia-las actitudes e comportamentos dun grupo de persoas galegas no tocante á relación sociolingüística actual entre castelán e galego. Este estudio céntrase na interrelación entre membros do grupo de idade da “Era Post-Franco” e membros máis vellos dunha familia concreta residente en Santiago de Compostela. Ademais caracterízanse os roles sociais e individuais de ámbalas dúas linguas e determínase a función dos cambios de código léxicos. Examínanse as actitudes dos falantes a través de enquisas e de gravacións magnetofónicas para ver se existe correspondencia entre o seu comportamento e as súas manifestacións sobre o uso da lingua e sobre a lealdade a unha ou a outra. No parágrafo final recóllense as principais ideas do traballo.
Implementation of noise reduction for PET using hybrid nonlinear wavelet shrinkage method

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provides the functional information and precise physiological uptake of radioactivity in a patient's body. But the photon level of PET system has fewer level, the shortcoming of PET is low SNR. The quantum noise in emission data can have a significant influence on the statistical uncertainty of PET measurements. The reduction of the quantum noise in images is an important issue. Conventional post-processing is not completely suitable, since it leads to loss of the spatial resolution while reducing noise. In this study, we present a method for denoising the quantum noise in images. Our proposed methods is to use a hybrid wavelet shrinkage processing in 3D sinogram(bin,angle,slice) domain. One is applied to axial(bin,angle) space to reduce detector dependence noise element, the other is applied to 3D space to reduce quantum noise. We optimized three parameters in each wavelet processing. The efficacy of the filtering technique was shown on a derenzo phantom. Finally, we also performed human FDG studies to evaluate clinical performance. As result, we have found that the optimized parameters and reconstructed image without post filtering in proposed study reduce COV while maintaining average and spatial resolution. We therefore conclude that wavelet de-noising technique is an effective tool to process PET images and thus to provide better image quality. We expect that our study can provide benefits to clinical applications of PET images.
Safety of seasonal influenza and influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccines in pregnancy

Inactivated influenza vaccines have been given to pregnant women since 1964. Since 2004, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has recommended that pregnant women receive trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine at any time during pregnancy. Studies conducted before 2009 did not identify any safety concerns after trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in mothers or their infants. During the 2009–2010 influenza A (H1N1) influenza vaccination program, several monitoring systems were established or enhanced to assess whether adverse events were associated with H1N1 2009 monovalent vaccines (2009 H1N1 influenza vaccines). Data from these systems did not identify any safety concerns in pregnant women who received 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccines or their infants. Although live attenuated influenza vaccines are not recommended in pregnant women, a small number of studies have not shown any safety concern among pregnant women or their infants who were inadvertently exposed to these vaccines. This review summarizes US and international safety data for influenza vaccines in pregnant women with an emphasis on 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccines.
A Closed-Loop Fuzzy-Logic-Based Current Controller for PMSM Torque Ripple Minimization Using the Magnitude of Speed Harmonic as the Feedback Control Signal

This paper investigates torque ripple minimization for permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), and proposes a closed-loop fuzzy-logic-based current controller by using the magnitude of the speed harmonic as the feedback control signal. The speed harmonic can be obtained from machine speed measurement, so the proposed approach does not require accurate machine parameters and is not influenced by the nonlinearity of the machine and drive. The torque harmonic can produce the speed harmonic of the same order, so their relation is investigated, which shows that the magnitude of the speed harmonic is proportional to the magnitude of the torque harmonic of the same order, so it can be used as a measure of torque harmonic for torque ripple minimization. Then, the torque harmonic model is developed to facilitate the design and analysis of the current controller. Afterward, a novel fuzzy-logic-based current controller is proposed to minimize the dominant torque harmonics. The proposed current controller is evaluated on a laboratory PMSM drive system under different load conditions and operation speeds.
Pulmonary Immunity to Viral Infection: Adenovirus Infection of Lung Dendritic Cells Renders T Cells Nonresponsive to Interleukin-2

ABSTRACT Adenovirus (Ad) infection has been identified as predisposing hosts to the development of pulmonary disease through unknown mechanisms. Lung dendritic cells (DCs) are vital for initiating pulmonary immune responses; however, the effects of Ad infection on primary lung DC have not been studied. In contrast to the effects on bone marrow- and monocyte-derived DCs, the current study shows that Ad infection of murine BALB/c lung DCs in vitro and in vivo suppresses DC-induced T-cell proliferation. The effect of Ad on DCs was not due to a downregulation of major histocompatibility complex or costimulatory molecules. Analysis of the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12), alpha interferon (IFN-α), and IFN-γ by the Ad-infected DCs shows no significant differences over noninfected control lung DCs. Ad-induced suppression was not due to a deficiency of IL-2 or other DC-secreted factors and was dependent on viral protein synthesis, as UV irradiation of Ad abrogated the suppressive effect. Results suggest that Ad-infected DCs induce T cells to be nonresponsive to IL-2 during primary coculture, as the addition of IL-2 in secondary cultures recovered T-cell proliferation. In vivo studies supported in vitro results showing that Ad infection resulted in lung T cells with decreased proliferative ability. This study demonstrates that Ad infection induces local immunoincompetence by altering DC-T-cell interactions.
Coordinated ATP Hydrolysis by the Hsp90 Dimer*

The Hsp90 dimer is a molecular chaperone with an unusual N-terminal ATP binding site. The structure of the ATP binding site makes it a member of a new class of ATP-hydrolyzing enzymes, known as the GHKL family. While for some of the family members structural data on conformational changes occurring after ATP binding are available, these are still lacking for Hsp90. Here we set out to investigate the correlation between dimerization and ATP hydrolysis by Hsp90. The dimerization constant of wild type (WT) Hsp90 was determined to be 60 nm. Heterodimers of WT Hsp90 with fragments lacking the ATP binding domain form readily and exhibit dimerization constants similar to full-length Hsp90. However, the ATPase activity of these heterodimers was significantly lower than that of the wild type protein, indicating cooperative interactions in the N-terminal part of the protein that lead to the activation of the ATPase activity. To further address the contribution of the N-terminal domains to the ATPase activity, we used an Hsp90 point mutant that is unable to bind ATP. Since heterodimers between the WT protein and this mutant showed WT ATPase activity, this mutant, although unable to bind ATP, still has the ability to stimulate the activity in its WT partner domain. Thus, contact formation between the N-terminal domains might not depend on ATP bound to both domains. Together, these results suggest a mechanism for coupling the hydrolysis of ATP to the opening-closing movement of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone.
The localization of non-microbial antigens in the draining lymph nodes of tolerant, normal and primed rabbits.

Soluble haemocyanin (HCy) or human serum albumin (HSA) labelled with 125I at 8 and 0·7 μc/μg, respectively, were injected into the footpads of rabbits in doses just sufficient to elicit a primary response in normal animals, and the distribution of radioactivity in the popliteal lymph nodes between 6 hours and 21 days later was studied by autoradiography. The recipient rabbits had either been primed by a single prior injection of unlabelled antigen, or made putatively tolerant by repeated neonatal administration of antigen, or were previously untreated. Localization of antigen in germinal centres, in a typical dendritic pattern, was marked in the primed animals throughout the period of observation; in those tolerant animals which had no detectable serum antibody initially and made no detectable antibody response such localization was not seen at any time; in the animals that had no previous contact with antigen there was no localization in germinal centres until about the time when antibody became detectable in the serum. Localization of radioactivity in medullary sinus macrophages did not differ significantly between the three groups. It is concluded that localization of these soluble antigens on the dendritic web in lymphoid follicles occurs as a consequence of the presence of circulating antibody. Uptake of the antigens by medullary macrophages, however, can occur in the absence of antibody. Although the degree of labelling of medullary macrophages was not evidently affected by the presence of antibody in these experiments, it is emphasized that the antibody levels, even in the primed animals, were low, and that this finding is unlikely to apply when the amount of antibody present is relatively much greater than the amount of antigen injected.
Isolation of Human Eosinophils

Highly purified eosinophils can be isolated from peripheral blood by negative selection using an antibody‐based magnetic negative selection protocol. The basic protocol describes a sequential fractionation of peripheral blood in which CD16+ granulocytes are enriched first from whole blood, followed by isolation of eosinophils. This technique is easy to use, fast, and highly reproducible. Support protocols describe a staining methods that can be used to evaluate the purity of eosinophils and differentiation from other leukocyte populations. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 98:7.31. 1‐7.31. 8. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Virus Resistant Transgenic Plants for Environmentally Safe Management of Viral Diseases

Plant viruses are one of the major yield reducing factors for agricultural and horticultural crops. In India, most destructive diseases are caused by gemini-, poty-, and tospoviruses. Virus resistant transgenic plants (VRTPs), developed by the transfer of transgenes from virus, plant or other origins, have been found resistant to a wide range of viruses. The most successful approach is the viral coat protein mediated resistance (CPMR). Other transgenes of viral origin, which have shown promise are: replicase protein, movement protein, proteases, and antisense sequences. 'R'-genes from plants, plantibodies and yeast RNase genes are also useful for developing VRTPs. In a large number of VRTPs developed using transgenes of viral origin, resistance is conferred by post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS); in some cases PTGS has been overcome when plants are infected by a heterologous virus, indicating need for cautious approach. Overall, the bio-safety concerns in the use of VRTPs get insignificant, but these must be addressed scientifically. In India, initiatives have been taken for developing VRTPs to manage important plant viral diseases. The present world area under VRTPs is about 0.4 mha. Judging from the success of various strategies, the area under VRTPs is expected to grow at a fast rate in the coming years.
A chopper stabilized, low power capacitance to PWM converter for sensor interfacing

A low-power, low voltage capacitance to pulse duration converter with intrinsic low sensitivity to temperature and parasitic capacitances is presented. The circuit uses a dual clock chopper modulation, which significantly lowers the effects of device mismatch. An effective resolution of 7.2 bits with 3.8 uA supply current and operation down to 0.9 Vdd are demonstrated by means of electrical simulations performed on a prototype designed with the UMC 0.18 um process.
Natural selection and the genetic differentiation of coastal and Arctic populations of the Atlantic cod in northern Norway: a test involving nucleotide sequence variation at the pantophysin (PanI) locus

To examine the role of contemporary selection in maintaining significant allele frequency differences at the pantophysin (PanI) locus among populations of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, in northern Norway, we sequenced 127 PanIA alleles sampled from six coastal and two Barents Sea populations. The distributions of variable sites segregating within the PanIA allelic class were then compared among the populations. Significant differences were detected in the overall frequencies of PanIA alleles among populations within coastal and Arctic regions that was similar in magnitude to heterogeneity in the distributions of polymorphic sites segregating within the PanIA allelic class. The differentiation observed at silent sites in the PanIA allelic class contradicts the predicted effects of widescale gene flow and suggests that postsettlement selection acting on cohorts cannot be responsible for the genetic differences described between coastal and Arctic populations. Our results suggest that the marked differences observed between coastal and Arctic populations of G. morhua in northern Norway at the PanI locus reflect the action of recent diversifying selection and that populations throughout the region may be more independent than suggested by previous studies.
Premature Structural Changes at Replication Origins in a Yeast Minichromosome Maintenance (MCM) Mutant*

The Cdc7p protein kinase in the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae is thought to help trigger DNA replication by modifying one or more of the factors that assemble at replication origins (ARSs). To investigate events catalyzed by Cdc7p, we compared the structure of replication origins in cells containing conditional mutations in Cdc7p and Cdc8p, a thymidylate kinase that is required for DNA synthesis. High resolution genomic footprinting indicated that the presumptive lagging strand template in ARS1 became highly sensitive to KMnO4 modification after theCDC7 execution point. These results suggested that Cdc7p triggers DNA unwinding. The transition from late G1 phase to the CDC7 execution point and from the CDC7to the CDC8 execution points was accompanied by small but ARS-dependent changes in DNA topology. These results suggested that DNA unwinding before the CDC8 execution point either is highly localized or that the torsional stress associated with initial DNA unwinding is minimized by compensatory protein-DNA structural changes. The ARS DNA structural attributes evident in cells blocked at the CDC8 execution point were also evident in α-factor-blocked, G1 phase cells containing the CDC7 bypass mutantmcm5/cdc46-bob1. This result strongly suggests that the structural changes during the transition from the CDC7 toCDC8 execution points depend on the Cdc7p protein kinase and involve alteration of the minichromosome maintenance protein complex.