Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insect Bioecology and Nutrition for Integrated Pest Management

General Aspects Introduction to Insect Bioecology and Nutrition for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Antonio R. Panizzi and Jose R. P. Parra Nutritional Indices for Measuring Insect Food Intake and Utilization Jose R. P. Parra, Antonio R. Panizzi, and Marineia L. Haddad The Evolution of Artificial Diets and Their Interactions in Science and Technology Jose R. P. Parra Molecular and Evolutionary Physiology of Insect Digestion Walter R. Terra and Clelia Ferreira Insect-Plant Interactions Marina A. Pizzamiglio-Gutierrez Symbionts and Nutrition of Insects Edson Hirose, Antonio R. Panizzi, and Simone S. Prado Bioecology and Nutrition versus Chemical Ecology: The Multitrophic Interactions Mediated by Chemical Signals Jose M. S. Bento and Cristiane Nardi Cannibalism in Insects Alessandra F. K. Santana, Ana C. Roselino, Fabricio A. Cappelari, and Fernando S. Zucoloto Implications of Plant Hosts and Insect Nutrition on Entomopathogenic Diseases Daniel R. Sosa-Gomez Specific Aspects Neotropical Ants (Hymenoptera) Functional Groups: Nutritional and Applied Implications Carlos R. F. Brandao, Rogerio R. Silva, and Jacques H. C. Delabie Social Bees (Bombini, Apini, Meliponini) Astrid M. P. Kleinert, Mauro Ramalho, Marilda Cortopassi-Laurino, Marcia F. Ribeiro, and Vera L. Imperatriz-Fonseca Defoliators (Lepidoptera) Alessandra F. K. Santana, Carla Cresoni-Pereira, and Fernando S. Zucoloto Seed-Sucking Bugs (Heteroptera) Antonio R. Panizzi and Flavia A. C. Silva Seed-Chewing Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa and Lucia M. Almeida Rhizophagous Beetles (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) Lenita J. Oliveira and Jose R. Salvadori Gall-Inducing Insects: From Anatomy to Biodiversity G. Wilson Fernandes, Marco A. A. Carneiro, and Rosy M. S. Isaias Detritivorous Insects Julio N. C. Louzada and Elizabeth S. Nichols Insect Pests in Stored Grain Sonia M. N. Lazzari and Flavio A. Lazzari Fruit Flies (Diptera) Carla Cresoni-Pereira and Fernando S. Zucoloto Sap-Sucking Insects (Aphidoidea) Sonia M. N. Lazzari and Regina C. Zonta-de-Carvalho Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) Fernando L. Consoli and S. Bradleigh Vinson Predatory Bugs (Heteroptera) Vanda H. P. Bueno and Joop C. van Lenteren Predatory Beetles (Coccinellidae) Lucia M. Almeida and Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): Predatory Lifestyle Gilberto S. Albuquerque, Catherine A. Tauber, and Maurice J. Tauber Hematophages (Diptera, Siphonaptera, Hemiptera, Phthiraptera) Mario A. Navarro-Silva and Ana C. D. Bona Applied Aspects Plant Resistance and Insect Bioecology and Nutrition Jose D. Vendramim and Elio C. Guzzo Insect Bioecology and Nutrition for Integrated Pest Management Antonio R. Panizzi, Jose R. P. Parra, and Flavia A . C. Silva Index
Psychographic segmentation of online consumers and its antecedents of online purchase experience – an analytical study

This paper attempts to identify the segmentation of online consumers during the purchases and difficulties faced were identified in the study. The online consumers were segmented based on their personalities and life styles can be understood through their behaviour which may differ in product preferences and their way of choosing products. Data were collected from 205 samples from Coimbatore city in which respondents who have purchased online were taken for the study to find out their personalities, values and life styles. The results show that the significance of online segmentation of consumers can further understand the internet market to a greater level and can target the online consumers to a greatest extent.
Water stress tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).

Water is one of the most important factors for the plant growth, therefore, its deficiency is a major source of stress. This article reviews some aspects about different responses at morphological, physiological and biochemical levels in tomato plant. These responses include changes in growth, development, closure of stomata and changes in gene expression, including those encoding protective proteins, antioxidant and osmolyte synthesis enzymes and transcription factors that regulate stress induced gene expression itself, as well as new tools about functional genomics. It also included some aspects related to tomato plant breeding for drought tolerance. RESUMEN. El agua es uno de los factores más importantes para el desarrollo de las plantas, por lo tanto, su carencia constituye una de las principales fuentes de estrés. En este artículo se recogen algunos aspectos sobre las diferentes respuestas a nivel morfológico, fisiológico y bioquímico en tomate que le permite adaptarse o tolerar el estrés por déficit hídrico. Estas respuestas incluyen modificaciones en el crecimiento, el desarrollo, cierre de estomas y cambios en la expresión de genes, incluyendo los que codifican proteínas protectoras, enzimas clave en la vía de síntesis de osmolitos, enzimas antioxidantes y factores de transcripción que regulan la expresión de genes inducida por el estrés, así como las nuevas herramientas de genómica funcional. También se incluyen aspectos relacionados con la mejora para tolerancia a la sequía en el cultivo. Dra.C. Marilyn Florido: Investigador Titular del Departamento de Genética y Mejoramiento de las Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA), gaveta postal 1, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba, CP 32 700; Lourdes Bao Fundora, Reserva Científica del Departamento de Biología Vegetal. Facultad de Biología. Universidad de la Habana. ) mflorido@inca.edu. cu; luli@fbio.uh. cu Marilyn Florido Bacallao) y Lourdes Bao Fundora Review Water stress tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Sensory Projections from Ectopic Appendages in an insect: Inherent Specificity and Influence of Location

Peripheral and central pathfinding by sensory axons from appendages was investigated in the fly Sarcophaga bullata. (a) Supernumerary appendages (haltere, wing, antenna and leg) were produced by imaginal disc transplantation at various ectopic sites, (b) Leg neuropil was deafferented by leg disc extirpation and in its place another leg disc was implanted. (c) The basal stalk of a leg disc connecting it with the thoracic ganglion was transected. Using cobalt chloride and HRP backfilling methods the pathways taken by the afferents from these experimentally altered appendages was examined. The results indicate that the larval nerves and the imaginal disc stalks act as guides for growing axons to locate their correct entry sites within the ventral ganglion. In the absence of these guides the axons follow any peripheral nerve, such as abdominal nerve, and enter the ganglion at inappropriate sites. However, within the ganglion they take particular routes, almost identical to those taken by axons from in situ appendages suggesting the existance of some kind of a labelled pathway. Deafferentation does not make the leg neuropil more attractive to ingrowing ectopic sensory axons.
MODELO ESTOCÁSTICO APLICADO AL PROCESO DE FORMACIÓN DE PRECIOS DE ÍNDICES BURSÁTILES DE ESPAÑA Y CHILE

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si la formacion de precios de los indices general bursatil de Madrid (IGB) e indice general de precios de las acciones de Chile (IGPA) siguen un proceso estocastico del tipo Wiener-Gauss. Los resultados sugieren que el modelo Wiener-Gauss proporciona las bases para realizar estimaciones de precios semanales de ambos indices, las cuales son adecuadas desde el punto de vista econometrico, considerando precios de cierre de los indices IGB e IGPA comprendidos entre los anos 1995-2002. A su vez, en el horizonte bajo estudio, la rentabilidad semanal del IGB de Madrid e IGPA de Chile siguen una distribucion normal. Por tanto, la bolsa de valores de Madrid y la bolsa de valores de Santiago de Chile presentan un comportamiento eficiente, de acuerdo a la forma debil, en la formacion de precios semanales de estos activos financieros. La relevancia empirica de este trabajo se asocia a que la bolsa de valores de Madrid es una de las bolsas de los nueve principales centros economicos y financieros del mundo, en tanto que la bolsa de valores de Chile es una de las bolsas de los paises emergentes con mayor estabilidad economica en los ultimos 15 anos.
Comment une volonté politique peut impulser des démarches coopératives en recherche, formation et innovation ? L'exemple d'Angers TourismLab

Le dispositif Angers TourismLab. , cree le 10 avril 2015, a pour ambition de faire des Pays de la Loire un pole leader en France et reconnu au plan international en termes de recherche appliquee, de formation aux metiers du tourisme et d’innovation dans les entreprises et destinations touristiques. Pour se faire, un collectif d’acteurs compose d’institutionnels, d’enseignants-chercheurs, d’entreprises et de collectivites s’est constitue pour monter des projets de recherche, de formation et d’innovation. Cet ecosysteme en construction est un bon exemple de la montee en puissance d’une dynamique regionale fondee sur des competences et connaissances differenciantes. A travers les theories du milieu innovateur et du concept de proximite, nous proposons dans cet article une analyse de terrain qui a pour objectif la comprehension et la mise en avant des leviers et des freins a la construction d’un reseau regional ou les objectifs des differentes parties prenantes doivent coincider.
Ergonomic skew and reproductive queuing based on social and seasonal variation in foraging activity of eastern carpenter bees (Xylocopa virginica)

Reproductive division of labour in social carpenter bees differs from that in classically eusocial insects because reproductive output and ergonomic inputs are positively correlated—dominant females monopolize both foraging and reproduction. We quantified ergonomic skew in the facultatively social bee Xylocopa virginica (L., 1771) (eastern carpenter bee) based on detailed observations of foraging activity by individually marked females in 2009. Unusually for a univoltine bee, this species exhibits a spring foraging phase during which females feed pollen to other adults, probably as part of behavioural interactions to establish dominance hierarchies. During brood-provisioning, foraging in social nests was dominated by one female at a time, with replacement by a succession of foragers as dominants disappeared and were succeeded by a subordinate. The principal foragers (individuals that did the largest share of foraging in each colony) did 85%–100% of all pollen trips, so contributions to pollen-provisioning.
Comparison of physiological responses to oxidative and heavy metal stress in seedlings of rice paddy, Oryza sativa L.

Physiological responses on the bases of activities of antioxidant enzymes: peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase as well as estimation of total protein, lipid peroxidation and thiols in the form of protein, non\|protein, glutathione and phytochelatin measured in growing seedlings of paddy, Oryza sativa L. , from day 2 to 8 were compared following treatment of seeds for 5h with oxidative agents, paraquat 5 × 10 -5 , 10 -4 , 10 -3 mol/L, H 2O 2 10 -3 , 5×10 -3 , 10 -2 mol/L, and CdCl 2 10 -5 , 10 -4 , 5×10 -3 mol/L. A significant induction of all antioxidant enzymes along with an increase in the levels of protein, lipid peroxidation and glutathione was noted in response to oxidative stress, CdCl 2 induced significant peroxidase and catalase activities but not superoxide dismutase. In a marked contrast from oxidative stress, CdCl 2 decreased glutathione reductase activity as well as glutathione levels but increased phytochelatin level. The different physiological responses thus underlined the crucial involvement of glutathione and phytochelatin in the oxidative and heavy metal\|linduced adaptive responses respectively.
Differential Contribution of NFATc2 and NFATc1 to TNF-α Gene Expression in T Cells1

The NFAT family transcription factors play crucial roles in immunological and other biological events; however, the functional differences among NFAT members have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the relative contribution of NFATc2 and NFATc1 to the transactivation of cytokine genes in T cells. Ectopic expression of NFATc2 but not NFATc1, especially its short isoform, enhanced TNF-α synthesis in human T cells at the gene transcription level, whereas both NFATs augmented IL-2 expression. In addition, a reduction of the shortest NFATc1 isoform using RNA interference technology failed to suppress TNF-α expression. The promoter/enhancer activity of the NFAT-binding site in the TNF-α gene was up-regulated by NFATc2 but not by NFATc1, whereas both NFATs associated similarly with this region. A study of mRNA expression using NFATc2/NFATc1 chimeric molecules revealed that the enhancing activity of NFAT on the TNF-α gene was lost by truncation of its C-terminal transactivation domain. In addition, this domain derived from NFATc2 behaved as a dominant negative against the NFAT site in TNF-α promoter-dependent transcriptional activity in T cells. We conclude that the C-terminal transactivation domain in NFAT is crucial for TNF-α gene expression in human T cells.
Effects of climate on population fluctuations of ibex

Predicting the effects of the expected changes in climate on the dynamics of populations require that critical periods for climate‐induced changes in population size are identified. Based on time series analyses of 26 Swiss ibex (Capra ibex) populations, we show that variation in winter climate affected the annual changes in population size of most of the populations after accounting for the effects of density dependence and demographic stochasticity. In addition, precipitation during early summer also influenced the population fluctuations. This suggests that the major influences of climate on ibex population dynamics operated either through loss of individuals during winter or early summer, or through an effect on fecundity. However, spatial covariation in these climate variables was not able to synchronize the population fluctuations of ibex over larger distances, probably due to large spatial heterogeneity in the effects of single climate variables on different populations. Such spatial variation in the influence of the same climate variable on the local population dynamics suggests that predictions of influences of climate change need to account for local differences in population dynamical responses to climatic conditions.
Potential for improvement in yeast nutrition in raw whole grain sorghum and maize lager brewing and bioethanol production through grain genetic modification and phytase treatment

Brewing and bioethanol production with raw grain and exogenous enzymes produces wort with satisfactory hot water extract (HWE). However, the free amino nitrogen (FAN) and mineral content can be too low, owing to low protein digestibility (PD) and phytate–mineral chelation, respectively. This study evaluated the potential for improvement in yeast nutrition in raw whole sorghum and maize brewing and bioethanol production by genetic modification (GM) of sorghum to improve PD and reduce phytate content, and by treatment with exogenous phytase. While phytase addition decreased sorghum spent grain phytate content (88%) and content of minerals (17 to 59%; i.e. increased wort mineral content), it did not affect maize phytate spent grain mineral content or HWE significantly. However, phytase addition did increase maize wort FAN (20%), sorghum HWE (2.8 percentage points) and wort FAN (23%). GM sorghum gave reduced spent grain mineral contents (11–38%), increased HWE (5.5 percentage points) and wort FAN (71%). Hence, genetic modification of sorghum to improve PD and reduce phytate content has considerable potential in raw grain brewing and bioethanol production to improve yeast nutrition. Copyright © 2012 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling
Evidence of Echolocation Call Divergence in Hipposideros commersoni Sensu Stricto (E. Geoffroy, 1803) from Madagascar and Correlation with Body Size

Previous studies conducted on morphological variation of the endemic Malagasy bat Hipposideros commersoni sensu stricto (Hipposideridae) revealed a north-south morphological cline, with larger individuals present in the north. Little is known about potential sexual differences in the echolocation calls of this species. We captured 59 adult individuals (24 males and 35 females) at different sites spanning the western half of Madagascar, measured their forearm length and recorded echolocation calls. These data were used to examine possible variation in echolocation calls and body size, which showed statistically significant differences. Male H. commersoni have an average forearm length of 93.1 mm and emit calls at 68.6 kHz, while the average measurements for females are 83.9 mm and about 72.9 kHz, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed variation in morphological and bioacoustic parameters, suggesting a high intraspecific variation. Regression analysis of intersexual data showed that females from the far north (Ankarana) significantly deviate from the allometric relationship by emitting echolocation calls lower than predicted by their size. These divergences may be associated with phenotypic variation, migratory movements or presence of a possible cryptic species. Detailed phylogenetic and phylogeographical analyses of the H. commersoni complex are needed to address these questions.
Incumbent replacement: evidence for long-term evolutionary progress

Evolutionary progress is a trend that relaxes trade-off rules. It begins with the evolution of a key adaptation. It continues with the spread of the key adaptation as the clade that contains it replaces some older clade that lacks it. Key adaptations are those that allow for improvement in at least one organismal function at a reduced fitness cost in other functions. Replacement almost certainly involves more than pure chance. It may not often involve competitive extinction. Instead, species from the new clade produce new species to replace already extinct species from the old clade. The key adaptation gives them a higher competitive speciation rate than old-clade sources of replacement. The process, termed incumbent replacement, proceeds at a rate limited by extinction rate. Thus, replacement often seems linked to mass extinction events. The incumbent-replacement hypothesis explains what we know about the replacement of straight-neck turtles (Amphichelydia) by those that can flex their necks and protect their heads in their shells. This replacement occurred four or five times in different biotic provinces. It happened as long ago as the Cretaceous in Eurasia, and as recently as the Pleistocene in mainland Australia. It was accomplished in Gondwanaland by turtles flexing their necks sideways (Pleurodira), and in the north by those flexing their necks into an S-curve (Cryptodira). As is typical of replacements, amphichelydian replacement took millions of years to accomplish wherever it occurred, and much of it in North America took place in a burst associated with and immediately subsequent to a mass extinction.
Imperfect detection impacts the performance of species distribution models

Aim Species often remain undetected at sites where they are present. However, the impact of imperfect detection on species distribution models (SDMs) is not fully appreciated. In this paper we evaluate the influence of imperfect detection on the calibration and discrimination capacity of SDMs. We compare the performance of three types of SDMs: (1) a technique based on presence–absence data, (2) a technique based on presence–background data, and (3) a technique based on detection/non-detection data that accounts for imperfect detection. Innovation We use simulations to evaluate the impacts of imperfect detection in SDMs. This allows us to assess model performance with respect to the true objective of the models: the estimation of species distributions. We study a range of scenarios of occupancy and detection based on ecologically plausible environmental relationships and identify the circumstances in which imperfect detection affects model calibration and discrimination. We show that imperfect detection can substantially reduce the inferential and predictive accuracy of presence–absence and presence–background methods that do not account for detectability. While calibration is always affected, the influence on discrimination depends on the relationship of detectability and environmental variables. Main conclusions The performance of a model should be assessed with respect to its objectives. Comparative studies that intend to assess the performance of an SDM by evaluating its ability to predict detections rather than presences fail to reveal the benefits of accounting for detectability. Disregarding imperfect detection can have severe consequences for SDM performance, and hence for the estimation of species distributions. To date, this issue has been largely ignored in the SDM literature. Simultaneously modelling occupancy and detection does not necessarily require a greater sampling effort, but rather that data are collected so that they are informative about detectability. We recommend that consideration of imperfect detection become standard practice for species distribution modelling.
Age, sex, and weight at weaning influence organ weight and gastrointestinal development of weanling pigs

The present study was designed to determine the interrelationships between sex, weaning age, and weaning weight on aspects of physiological and gastrointestinal development in pigs. Forty-eight Large White x Landrace pigs were used in a factorial arrangement with the respective factors being: age at weaning ( 14 or 28 days), weight at weaning ( heavy or light), sex ( boar or gilt), and time after weaning ( 1, 7, and 14 days). At weaning, 48 pigs were removed from the sow; 16 pigs were then fasted for 24 h before euthanasia for determination of organ weights, gut histology, and enzymology, and 32 pigs were offered a high quality pelleted weaner diet ad libitum for subsequent assessment of organ weights, histology, and enzymology at 7 and 14 days after weaning. On Day 6 and 13 after weaning, 2 pigs from each group had their feed removed, and 24 h later were euthanased and similar measurements were taken. In general, the data highlighted the overall gastrointestinal underdevelopment of pigs weaned at 2 weeks of age and of pigs weaned light-for-age at either 2 or 4 weeks. Heavier body organs, gastrointestinal organs, and accessory digestive organs observed after weaning, except for the spleen, presumably reflected the increase in substrates available for cellular growth as feed intake increased after weaning, and the development of organs required to process this feed. Interestingly, the relative weights (% of liveweight) of the stomach and small intestine and, to a lesser extent, the caecum and colon, were greater in the light, 14-day-old weaned pigs, but these differences diminished with increasing time after weaning. Consistent effects due to age, weight, and sex were not observed for villous height and crypt depth, or for the specific activities of the brush-border and pancreatic enzymes measured. However, increases (P < 0.001) in the activities of maltase (P < 0.001), glucoamylase ( P < 0.001), and sucrase (P = 0.020) ( all expressed per gram of mucosa), and that of trypsin ( per gram of pancreas), occurred by 14 days after weaning. This most likely reflected the inducible nature of these enzymes in response to the increasing intake of substrates provided in the diet. In contrast, the specific activity of lactase declined (P = 0.012) in the first 14 days after weaning. These data suggest that pigs weaned at 2 weeks of age and pigs weaned light-for-age at either 2 or 4 weeks have a less developed gastrointestinal tract, and that its development after weaning might proceed differently to that of pigs weaned older and heavier. (Less)