Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different prognosis by subtype in the early mucinous breast cancer: a SEER population-based analysis

Background Our study aims to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of mucinous breast cancer (MBC), and explore the effect of histology type on the breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) by different subtypes. Methods we identified 7,083 patients who were diagnosed with MBC and 248,751 with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) by using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The propensity score matching was used to match baseline characteristics among MBC and IDC, and multivariable cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the relationship between histology type stratified by subtype and BCSS. Results MBC patients were associated with a fewer nodal involvement, lower grade, earlier stage, more estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) positive, and more favorable prognosis compared to the overall IDC population. After 1:1 matching of MBC with IDC by other factors, we found that MBC patients presented better prognosis than the Matched IDC for BCSS. Analysis among ER+PR+ subgroup revealed that MBC patients was significantly better than that Matched IDC patients for BCSS (HR =0.78, 95% CI, 0.63–0.96). However, the survival analysis in the ER+PR− or ER−PR− subgroups suggested that no significant difference was seen between MBC patients and matched IDC patients for BCSS. Conclusions Our findings support that MBC seems to be an independent factor for the better prognosis for breast cancer patients with ER+PR+ breast cancer but not in those with ER+PR− or ER−PR− disease.
Lack of Actor in the State Address of Indonesian President on the 74th Indonesia Independence Day

Political speech must be perceived critically in order to avoid the misuse of power. Applying Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this paper offered a perspective to understand how power is symbolically exercised through the use of language in Jokowi’s State Address on the occasion of 74th Indonesia Independence Day 2019. The analysis started by collecting the clauses with high modulation represented by the modal word ‘must’. It appeared as the most frequent modal in the speech text indicating that there is an act of commanding given by the President. However, the high modulated clauses did not give a clear guide on who is the liable Actor for the realization of the discourse of an “Advanced Indonesia”. This phenomenon in language was critical to show that there was a possibility of symbolic violence, which happens because of speaker/writer did not clearly state who was the responsible Actor for each specific action required in the discourse of an Advanced Indonesia. In this instance, his speech opens the possibility of symbolic violence . This was proven by 1) the unidentified accountable Actor from the use of the pronoun ‘we’, 2) hidden agent in nominalization in the Material process, 3) the use of passive voice with Material Process, and 4) the process of Relational Process of Attributive used for characterizing Indonesia.
Evaluating the feasibility of a novel Marking Breast Oncoplastic Surgery Simulator (MBOSS) as a training tool for marking: a randomised trial.

Background Currently, volunteers and/or anatomical models are used for teaching oncoplastic surgery marking. However, as the breast is an intimate organ, recruiting volunteers is difficult, and the available droopy breast models have limitations. We evaluated the feasibility of a novel Marking Breast Oncoplastic Surgery Simulator (MBOSS) for the teaching of marking. Methods Breast/plastic surgeons/trainees, grouped according to their oncoplastic experience, were randomized to MBOSS or volunteer. All had a pre-test evaluation prior to receiving hands-on training in inverted T mammoplasty marking in their randomized group, followed by an assessment of their marking skills, by an examiner blinded to their group assignment. All participants then underwent post-test and course evaluations, and those who used MBOSS for training, also evaluated MBOSS realism. Learning outcomes between the two groups were compared using the Kirkpatrick educational model. Results Forty participants were enrolled. Demographics, baseline oncoplastic experience and pre-test results were comparable between the MBOSS and volunteer groups. For Kirkpatrick level 1 satisfaction outcomes, the two groups did not differ significantly. For level 2 knowledge assessment, MBOSS post-test scores were significantly higher (P=0.0471). For level 3 skill application and level 4 organizational impact evaluated 6 months post course, there were no significant differences between the groups. Although MBOSS may not mimic the breast completely, 95% of MBOSS-trained participants rated MBOSS as a good training tool and 85% would use MBOSS instead of a volunteer. Conclusions MBOSS learning outcomes are comparable to outcomes using volunteers, making MBOSS an alternative for teaching oncoplastic surgery marking.
Teaching Data Analytics Using Natural Law as Integrative Framework

Teaching and learning the multidisciplinary field of data analytics requires comfort with multiple domains of knowledge, each with its own assumptions, concepts, and skills. Ideally, such teaching will use an overarching framework that transcends and includes all the reference fields. Natural law provides such an all-encompassing framework for a stress-free and sustainable path to continuous learning. Teaching from natural law helps enhance the student's capacity for comprehension and integration of diverse knowledge and skills. This chapter presents seven key natural law principles, along with examples of their applications in teaching data analytics. It also presents V-theory of transcendence as way to connect with natural law within one's own consciousness.
Variations in δ13C of different plant organs: implications for post-photosynthetic fractionation

Compared to photosynthetic fractionation, the mechanism of post-photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate post-photosynthetic fractionation in both above and below ground tissues and to evaluate potential hypotheses explaining differences in carbon isotope composition (δ13C) among different plant organs, which can provide valuable insights into plant physiology. The results revealed that there is no significant day-night difference in δ13C of twig phloem water soluble organic materials (WSOM), which could be explained by the unrestricted exchange of triose-phosphates between the chloroplast and cytoplasm and a time lag for carbohydrate exportation. Further, we found that δ13C of twig phloem WSOM is more sensitive to plant water status than leaf WSOM. Analysis of δ13C in different plant organs showed that the greatest 13C enrichment was recorded in stem phloem. Divergences in δ13C of phloem WSOM among different plant organs were not likely to be explained by respiratory fractionation or time lag and were ascribed to transport of carbohydrates across organ boundaries and metabolic processes. Our study demonstrated that post-photosynthesis fractionation could not be ascribed to a single, unifying hypotheses; instead, it is the result of multiple processes. Highlight δ13C of twig phloem water soluble organic materials varied no clear diel pattern. In the leaf-twig-stem-root sequence, the greatest 13C enrichment was recorded in stem phloem.
Algorithm-Hardware Co-Design of Real-Time Edge Detection for Deep-Space Autonomous Optical Navigation

Optical navigation (OPNAV) is the use of the on-board imaging data to provide a direct measurement of the image coordinates of the target as navigation information. Among the optical observables in deep-space, the edge of the celestial body is an important feature that can be utilized for locating the planet centroid. However, traditional edge detection algorithms like Canny algorithm cannot be applied directly for OPNAV due to the noise edges caused by surface markings. Moreover, due to the constrained computation and energy capacity on-board, light-weight image-processing algorithms with less computational complexity are desirable for real-time processing. Thus, to fast and accurately extract the edge of the celestial body from high-resolution satellite imageries, this paper presents an algorithm-hardware co-design of real-time edge detection for OPNAV. First, a light-weight edge detection algorithm is proposed to efficiently detect the edge of the celestial body while suppressing the noise edges caused by surface markings. Then, we further present an FPGA implementation of the proposed algorithm with an optimized real-time performance and resource efficiency. Experimental results show that, compared with the traditional edge detection algorithms, our proposed one enables more accurate celestial body edge detection, while simplifying the hardware implementation. key words: edge detection, autonomous optical navigation, star centroid estimation, real-time processing
Comparison of Pairwise Dissimilarity and Projective Mapping Tasks With Auditory Stimuli

Two methods for undertaking subjective evaluation were compared: a pairwise dissimilarity task (PDT) and a projective mapping task (PMT). For a set of unambiguous, synthetic, auditory stimuli the aim was to determine: whether the PMT limits the recovered dimensionality to two dimensions; how subjects respond using PMT’s two-dimensional response format; the relative time required for PDT and PMT; and hence whether PMT is an appropriate alterna- tive to PDT for experiments involving auditory stimuli. The results of both Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analyses and Multiple Factor Analyses (MFA) indicate that, with multiple par- ticipants, PMT allows for the recovery of three meaningful dimensions. The results from the MDS and MFA analyses of the PDT data, on the other hand, were ambiguous and did not enable recovery of more than two meaningful dimensions. This result was unexpected given that PDT is generally considered not to limit the dimensionality that can be recovered. Par- ticipants took less time to complete the experiment using PMT compared to PDT (a median ratio of approximately 1:4), and employed a range of strategies to express three perceptual dimensions using PMT’s two-dimensional response format. PMT may provide a viable and efﬁcient means to elicit up to 3-dimensional responses from listeners.
Toxicokinetics and toxicity of nanoparticles in the course of inhalation exposure

Berta Fal1,A-D,F , Magdalena Czajka1,B-C , Magdalena Matysiak-Kucharek1,B,D , Krzysztof Sawicki1,B-C , Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak1,A,E-F 1 Zakład Biologii Molekularnej i Badań Translacyjnych, Instytut Medycyny Wsi w Lublinie A – Koncepcja i projekt badania, B – Gromadzenie i/lub zestawianie danych, C – Analiza i interpretacja danych, D – Napisanie artykułu, E – Krytyczne zrecenzowanie artykułu, F – Zatwierdzenie ostatecznej wersji artykułu
Modelling genetic heart diseases with patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells

Brugada syndrome (BrS), a cardiac genetic disease, is one of the major causes of sudden cardiac death in healthy young people. However, the underlying electrophysiological and molecular mechanisms have not been completely understood. A major challenge in cardiac translational research is the lack of tissue culture systems replicating human pathology to study disease mechanisms and to identify druggable targets. Aim of this study was to study the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms of BrS in vitro using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a renewable and unlimited source for cardiomyocytes (CMs). In this study, human iPSCs were generated from a 45-year-old healthy donor and a 50-year-old patient with BrS putatively caused by the heterozygous point mutation C5435A in the gene SCN5A coding for the α -subunit of the cardiac sodium channel (NaV1.5). The generated human iPSCs showed pluripotency and were able to differentiate into spontaneously beating CMs. Sodium current (INa) measurements revealed a significantly reduced current with a delayed activation in BrS-CMs compared to control cells, indicating a NaV1.5 loss of function. In BrS-CMs, the intermediate inactivation of sodium channels was slightly but not significantly enhanced whereas steady-state inactivation, recovery from inactivation, and persistent INa were not affected. In addition, an electrophysiological maturation process could also be detected, which was shown by a larger INa in 3-month-old compared to 1-month-old CMs. Action potential (AP) measurements showed a reduced Vmax and higher arrhythmic tendencies in BrS-CMs compared to control cells. A significantly higher variability of the AP durations as well as early and delayed afterdepolarizations could be observed. AP measurements in control cells under the treatment with the sodium channel blocker flecainide suggest that the increased AP duration variability in BrS-CMs is linked to the reduced INa. However, treatment of BrS-CMs with the class I antiarrhythmic agent quinidine, which is currently investigated for its therapeutic effect on BrS, could not reduce the beat-to-beat variability of AP durations. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR showed that SCN5A was slightly but not significantly upregulated in BrS-CMs compared to the control cells with an allele-specific balanced expression. However, full-length NaV1.5 protein was detected in BrS-CMs at a level of 82 % compared to the control. The question whether the truncated NaV1.5 protein is integrated into the cell membrane or regulated by increased protein degradation remains open. The data of this study demonstrate that patient-specific hiPSCs can be used to model BrS and provide a platform for the development of personalized drug therapy.
A Diversity Combination Model Incorporating an Inward Bias for Interaural Time-Level Difference Cue Integration in Sound Lateralization

A sound source with non-zero azimuth leads to interaural time level differences (ITD and ILD). Studies on hearing system imply that these cues are encoded in different parts of the brain, but combined to produce a single lateralization percept as evidenced by experiments indicating trading between them. According to the duplex theory of sound lateralization, ITD and ILD play a more significant role in low-frequency and high-frequency stimulations, respectively. In this study, ITD and ILD, which were extracted from a generic head-related transfer functions, were imposed on a complex sound consisting of two low- and seven high-frequency tones. Two-alternative forced-choice behavioral tests were employed to assess the accuracy in identifying a change in lateralization. Based on a diversity combination model and using the error rate data obtained from the tests, the weights of the ITD and ILD cues in their integration were determined by incorporating a bias observed for inward shifts. The weights of the two cues were found to change with the azimuth of the sound source. While the ILD appears to be the optimal cue for the azimuths near the midline, the ITD and ILD weights turn to be balanced for the azimuths far from the midline.
The influence of environmental factors on pond activity of aquatic red-spotted newts Notophthalmus viridescens

ABSTRACT Many important components of animal behavior, growth, and reproduction are tightly linked to environmental conditions, particularly for ectothermic freshwater organisms. For amphibian species, factors such as temperature and rainfall can be physiologically limiting and alter activity levels. The effects of environmental conditions on terrestrial amphibian movement have been well characterized, but less is known about the importance of these factors in aquatic habitats. Here we investigate the impact of temperature and rainfall on the activity of a pond-dwelling amphibian using capture patterns of aquatic adult red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens). Data on newt captures, air temperature, and rainfall were collected for 6 years (2009, 2011, 2013–2016) during the winter breeding season at a wetland in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, USA. In 2016, we collected more detailed data on the size and sex of captured newts, as well as recording water temperature. Overall, temperature played a significant role in determining newt activity, while rainfall had little effect. As expected, and consistent with findings on amphibian activity in terrestrial systems, newt captures increased with increasing air temperature. During the 2016 breeding season we found sex-based changes in activity in response to temperature, with a higher proportion of males captured during warmer temperatures and a reduction in the male capture bias during colder temperatures. We found no evidence of size-based shifts in activity in response to temperature. This study increases our knowledge of amphibian responses to temperature while in aquatic habitats. Although the duration of time spent in aquatic habitats can be highly variable between species, these breeding locations are critical for the persistence of populations and activity levels, and reproductive success in these wetlands can be highly impacted by future changes in environmental conditions.
Uppruni hávella (Clangula hyemalis) á Íslandi byggður á breytileika í DNA hvatbera

Many populations of the long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis), a species of seaducks (Mergini) living around the northern hemisphere, have gone down in size in recent decades and further knowledge of its evolutionary history and population structure could prove useful in its protection. A part of a control region within the mitochondria of long-tailed ducks from east-Russia, Alaska and Canada had already been sequenced. The same area of the mitochondria was sequenced from long-tailed ducks from Maine, Iceland and Denmark and are here compared with each other and older sequences. Data analysis shows that longtailed ducks from the Yukon Kuskokwim Delta are clearly different from most other groups, while other group are relatively similar. Icelandic breeding birds are no exception in this case. Outside of the delta the data shows a division between continents, between American and Eurasian long-tailed ducks, unlike other groupings explored in this study. It is not clear on which side of the division Icelandic birds belong. While data indicates that Icelandic birds could be more related to Eurasian birds than they are to American birds outside the Yukon Kuskokwim Delta the difference between Iceland and each group is not statistically significant. Groups outside the Yukon Kuskokwim Delta show little or no divergence between populations and the divergence between the YKD and other population is relatively small compared to some other waterfowl species (Anatidae). Ég tileinka ritgerðina foreldrum mínum og fjölskyldu fyrir allt.
PERSONAL HYGIENE AND ANTHELMINTIC CONSUMPTION IN PREVENTION OF ENTEROBIASIS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

Background: Pinworm infection remains a global public health problem in Indonesia, with the highest prevalence in primary school–aged children. The government has made helminthiasis control efforts through annual deworming every six months, yet data on the enterobiasis prevalence and its risk factors are still limited. Purpose: This research aimed to determine the role of personal hygiene and anthelmintic or worm medicine consumption in the prevention of enterobiasis among primary school children. Methods: This research employed an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design. The population used was primary school children in the Public Health Center (PHC) of Kaliwungu area, Kendal District, Central Java Province. The research sample was 150 students from first grade to third grade at 1 Primary Elementary School 1 Kutoharjo. The data sources were obtained from interviews of risk factors and perianal swab examinations. The data were analyzed by a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of pinworm infection among primary school children remains high (37.33%). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there are three determinant variables of pinworm infections: not washing hands with soap before eating ( p < 0.01; Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) = 6.47; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 2.87 < POR < 14.59); not washing hands with soap after defecation ( p = 0.01; POR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.40 < POR < 8.05); and not consuming anthelmintic drugs within the past six months ( p = 0.03; POR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.08 < POR < 5.50). Conclusion: Hand washing habits and annual deworming are important factors to prevent pinworm infections.
Analysis of Ergot (Claviceps purpurea) Alkaloids in Grain and Effect on Cow-Calf Performance

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xiv CHAPTER 1: General Introduction and Literature Review . 1 1.
Investigating the first stages of coevolution between the Pacific koel and its newest host,the red wattlebird

Coevolution is a process in which two species, populations, or groups of individuals evolve reciprocal adaptations through their interactions with one another. Obligate avian brood parasitism is a model example of coevolution and several reviews have discussed the different types of adaptations and counter-adaptations hosts and brood parasites evolve. However, there has been less focus on the rate at which this process proceeds. Here we review factors influencing the rate of coevolution between avian obligate brood parasites and their hosts. We also suggest that evidence from brood parasite coevolution studies concur with other developments in evolutionary biology more broadly, which indicate that evolution can be a more rapid process than previously recognized and can proceed on a timescale similar to that of ecological dynamics. Finally, we discuss the difficulties of studying rates of coevolution in bird populations empirically and mention current studies that are resolving this problem by focusing on recently parasitized host populations. Understanding how rapidly hosts can evolve defenses to circumvent brood parasitism is an important step in uncovering aspects of speciation, determining which traits are actually indicative of true genetic change and can aid in conservation decisions of endangered potential hosts, especially as brood parasites expand their breeding ranges with rising global temperatures and other environmental changes.
Design of a Lightweight Single-Actuator Multi-Grasp Prosthetic Hand with Force Magnification

Restoring human grasp functions by prosthesis is a long-standing challenge in robotics research. Aiming at prosthetic applications, this paper presents a novel anthropomorphic multigrasp hand design. The hand is driven by only one motor and several mechanisms were designed for enhanced functionality. First, a continuum differential mechanism (CDM) was used to generate differential finger motions and to simplify the transmission of the hand. Second, a Load Adaptive Variable Transmission (LAVT) was designed to magnify the grasp forces. Moreover, a prismatic clutch is embedded in the hand, to lower the motor's energy consumption. Myoelectric control was implemented using affordable control hardware and sensors. All the above components are integrated in the proposed prosthetic hand, which is an average adult male size and weighs 470g (including batteries). Experiments, including a preliminary clinical evaluation, were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the hand for prosthetic use. The results show that the hand can perform various grasp poses with adequate grasp forces.