Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical probabilistic principal component subspaces for data visualization

Visual exploration has proven to be a powerful tool for multivariate data mining. Most visualization algorithms aim to find a projection from the data space down to a visually perceivable rendering space. To reveal all of the interesting aspects of complex data sets existing in a high-dimensional space, a hierarchical visualization algorithm is introduced, which allows the complete data set to be visualized at the top level, with clusters and subclusters of data points visualized at deeper levels. The methods involve multiple use of standard finite normal mixture models and probabilistic principal component projections, whose parameters are estimated using the expectation-maximization and principal component neural networks under the information theoretic criteria. We demonstrate the principle of the approach on two 3D synthetic data sets.
Uniplanar EBG structure based on a modified Spidron fractal and meander-line configuration

A uniplanar, compact electromagnetic band-gap (UCEBG) structure based on modified semi-Spidron fractal and meanderline strip (SFM-EBG) patterning is proposed. The semi-Spidron fractal geometry significantly increases the equivalent capacitance, whereas meander-line strips increase the equivalent inductance; as a result, the proposed design can be used to successfully miniaturize an EBG structure having a wide operating bandwidth. The measurement results show that a center frequency reduction of 32.14% as compared to that achieved by a conventional UC-EBG structure can be achieved by utilizing this proposed structure. The SFM-EBG structure has a measured operating bandwidth of 39.7% (3.33–4.98 GHz), which is wider than that of a conventional UC-EBG (31%).
Correlation of the effect of beta-lactamase inhibitors on the beta-lactamase in growing cultures of gram-negative bacteria with their effect on the isolated beta-lactamase

The effectiveness of clavulanic acid, sulbactam, quinacillin sulfone, and the carbapenems MM13902 and MM4550 as inhibitors of TEM-2 beta-lactamase in growing cultures of gram-negative bacteria has been studied. Each of these beta-lactams inhibited the enzyme in intact cells, and the nature of the inhibition correlated with studies on the purified enzyme. The potency of these compounds as inhibitors of the beta-lactamase in vivo can be correlated with the amounts hydrolyzed by the purified enzyme under saturating conditions during the inhibition of the enzyme in vitro.
Men in Non‐Traditional Occupations: Career Entry, Career Orientation and Experience of Role Strain

This article explores the experiences of men in non-traditional occupations. In particular it focuses on the dynamics of career entry, career orientation (namely, a preference for intrinsic or extrinsic rewards) and the possible existence, nature and consequences of role strain. Four occupational groups are examined: nurses, cabin crew, librarians and primary school teachers. The results suggest that men fall into three main categories: seekers (who actively chose the ‘female’ occupation), ‘finders’ (who did not actively seek a non-traditional career but who found the occupation in the process of making general career decisions) and settlers (who actively chose the occupation, often as a result of dissatisfaction with a more ‘masculine’ job, and who then settled in their non-traditional career). Settlers, in particular, are associated with a more intrinsic career orientation and express a desire to remain close to occupational and professional practice. Role strain is prevalent in men's experiences in their non-traditional career. The potential sources of such role strain and the implications for career aspirations and career choices are explored.
An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model of Irritations in Romantic Relationships

This study examined actor and partner effects of relationship characteristics on people's appraisals of irritations. Dating partners (N = 135 dyads) reported on characteristics of their relationship once per week for 6 weeks. Results of the longitudinal study indicated that the severity of irritations was positively associated with one's own perceptions of relational uncertainty and interference from partners. In addition, a partner's relational uncertainty, severity of irritations, and directness of communication about irritations were positively associated with the severity of an actor's irritations after controlling for the actor's own perceptions of relationship characteristics. Our findings highlight the complex interdependence that exists between partners involved in courtship.
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE IN EPIDERMAL TUMORS

Epidermal tumors were induced in Swiss female mice by a topical application of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene solution followed by repeated applications of croton oil solutions. Fourteen benign and malignant tumors were sampled 25 weeks after the treatment had begun, fixed in osmium tetroxide or potassium permanganate, and embedded in Epon. Sections stained with lead hydroxide were examined. In three tumors defects of the epidermal basement membrane were seen. These defects accompanied local invasion of the tumors. The possible mechanisms of the development of this unusual anatomical situation are discussed.
Improving Stack Overflow Tag Prediction Using Eye Tracking

I) Goals and Purpose Software developers use Stack Overflow to post questions and answers related to programming and computer science problems they need to solve. Questions such as seeking input on some efficient and time-saving methods of coding a particular program, getting help on solving various bottlenecks in coding are commonly seen. When users submit questions on Stack Overflow they need to submit at least one and up to five tags in addition to their question (see Figure 1). These tags attached to each question broadly identify the programming language talked about, the problem type in discussion and maybe some other fine grained categories the question belongs to. The tags associated with each question help with information retrieval or user queries. The goal of this project was to develop a tag prediction system utilizing eye tracking that will improve the accuracy of auto-generated Stack Overflow question tags. These Stack Overflow tags are important because they allow users to be able to further depict a problem within a program, or to precisely answer a programming question when users are on the Stack Overflow network. The main research question for our project is as follows: • To what degree do programmers focus on the keywords that tag extraction techniques generate? Based on the results of the previous question, another follow up study can be done to address the following two questions. In this project however, we only focused on the previous question above. • To what degree do the top n keywords from our approach and the standard approach match our Oracle generated keywords? • What are the best machine learning algorithms that can be successfully used to make such predictions?
Understanding the role of managerial agency in achieving business benefits from ERP systems

Previous enterprise resource planning (ERP) research has identified ‘top management support’ as an important factor in implementation success. However, most studies are short on the detail of exactly how and why ‘top management support’ contributes to ERP success. Moreover, although ‘improved management decision‐making’ is often claimed as a business benefit of ERP systems, there is little evidence in previous ERP research of it having actually occurred. This paper examines the role of managerial agency at all levels in four Australian manufacturing organizations in achieving business benefits from ERP systems during the post‐implementation period. The research contributes to current understanding of the role of managerial agency in achieving business benefits from ERP systems by providing theoretically based, detailed and interesting insights from four interpretive case studies.
Autism-Associated Mutations in ProSAP2/Shank3 Impair Synaptic Transmission and Neurexin–Neuroligin-Mediated Transsynaptic Signaling

Mutations in several postsynaptic proteins have recently been implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), including Neuroligins, Neurexins, and members of the ProSAP/Shank family, thereby suggesting that these genetic forms of autism may share common synaptic mechanisms. Initial studies of ASD-associated mutations in ProSAP2/Shank3 support a role for this protein in glutamate receptor function and spine morphology, but these synaptic phenotypes are not universally penetrant, indicating that other core facets of ProSAP2/Shank3 function must underlie synaptic deficits in patients with ASDs. In the present study, we have examined whether the ability of ProSAP2/Shank3 to interact with the cytoplasmic tail of Neuroligins functions to coordinate pre/postsynaptic signaling through the Neurexin–Neuroligin signaling complex in hippocampal neurons of Rattus norvegicus. Indeed, we find that synaptic levels of ProSAP2/Shank3 regulate AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission and induce widespread changes in the levels of presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins via Neurexin–Neuroligin transsynaptic signaling. ASD-associated mutations in ProSAP2/Shank3 disrupt not only postsynaptic AMPA and NMDA receptor signaling but also interfere with the ability of ProSAP2/Shank3 to signal across the synapse to alter presynaptic structure and function. These data indicate that ASD-associated mutations in a subset of synaptic proteins may target core cellular pathways that coordinate the functional matching and maturation of excitatory synapses in the CNS.
Temperature Effect on Heavy-Ion-Induced Single-Event Transient Propagation in CMOS Bulk 0.18  $\mu$m Inverter Chain

Heavy-ion-induced single-event transients (SET) are studied by device simulation on an ATMEL spatial component: the CMOS bulk 0.18 mum inverter. The wide temperature range of a spatial environment (from 218 to 418 K) can modify the shape of the SET. Thus, an investigation of the SET propagation through a 10-inverter logic chain is performed in the 218-418 K temperature range, and the threshold LET (LETth) required for unattenuated propagation through the inverter chain is determined. The LETth is calculated for two different locations of the heavy ion impact and for three temperature values. An increase of the sensitivity is found when the temperature is raised from 218 to 418 K.
Possible pathogenic role of T helper type 9 cells and interleukin (IL)‐9 in atopic dermatitis

T helper type 9 (Th9) cells are a novel identified subset of CD4+ T helper cells, which could partly contribute to allergic inflammation, while the precise contribution of Th9 cells in atopic dermatitis (AD) remains unknown. We aimed to explore the possible role of Th9 cells in AD pathogenesis. The Th9 cell percentage, transcription factor PU.1 and cytokine interleukin (IL)‐9 mRNA levels, as well as IL‐9 serum concentration in peripheral circulation, were measured in AD patients, psoriasis patients and healthy controls. The Th9 cell percentage, PU.1 and IL‐9 expression levels of AD patients were all increased significantly compared with the other two control groups (P < 0·01), and correlated positively with SCORing Atopic Dermatitis index, serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E and thymus‐ and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) levels (P < 0·05). In simple AD patients and AD patients complicated by allergic rhinitis or asthma, there were no significant differences in the Th9 cell percentage, PU.1 and IL‐9 expression levels between them. At the same time, IL‐9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels were detected in AD lesions and normal skin samples, which were both distinctly elevated in AD lesions, and there was a positive association between them (P < 0·01). Keratinocytes were cultured with IL‐9 stimulation and the secretion of VEGF was detected. IL‐9 can promote the secretion of VEGF by keratinocytes in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. In conclusion, the expansion of the Th9 cell subset, up‐regulation of the PU.1 transcription factor and increased secretion of the IL‐9 cytokine may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, which may be supported by the increased release of VEGF by keratinocyes after IL‐9 stimulation.
Short Communication 1 Evaluation of performances of VERSANT HCV RNA 1 . 0 assay ( kPCR ) and

9 We assess the concordance between low level HCV values obtained using the VERSANT HCV RNA 10 1.0 Assay (kPCR) and COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HCV Quantitative Test v2.0. 11 The correlation between the values obtained by the two RT-PCR assays for samples with quantifiable 12 HCV RNA levels revealed that viral load measured by kPCR significantly correlated with that of the 13 CAP/CTM (R=0.644, P <0.0001). The results show a good concordance (n=126/144, 87%); 14 discordant results were mainly observed in the assessment of values below the lower limit of detection 15 of the assays. 16 These variations may have an impact on clinical decisions for patients on HCV triple therapy or 17 interferon-free regimens. It is therefore recommended to monitor individual patients with the same 18 test throughout treatment. 19
Functional role of Thr-312 and Thr-315 in the proton-transfer pathway in ba3 Cytochrome c oxidase from Thermus thermophilus.

Cytochrome ba(3) from Thermus thermophilus is a member of the family of B-type heme-copper oxidases, which have a low degree of sequence homology to the well-studied mitochondrial-like A-type enzymes. Recently, it was suggested that the ba(3) oxidase has only one pathway for the delivery of protons to the active site and that this pathway is spatially analogous to the K-pathway in the A-type oxidases [Chang, H. -Y. , et al. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 16169-16173]. This suggested pathway includes two threonines at positions 312 and 315. In this study, we investigated the time-resolved reaction between fully reduced cytochrome ba(3) and O(2) in variants where Thr-312 and Thr-315 were modified. While in the A-type oxidases this reaction is essentially unchanged in variants with the K-pathway modified, in the Thr-312 --> Ser variant in the ba(3) oxidase both reactions associated with proton uptake from solution, the P(R) --> F and F --> O transitions, were slowed compared to those of wild-type ba(3). The observed time constants were slowed approximately 3-fold (for P(R) --> F, from 60 to approximately 170 mus in the wild type) and approximately 30-fold (for F --> O, from 1.1 to approximately 40 ms). In the Thr-315 --> Val variant, the F --> O transition was approximately 5-fold slower (5 ms) than for the wild-type oxidase, whereas the P(R) --> F transition displayed an essentially unchanged time constant. However, the uptake of protons from solution was a factor of 2 slower and decoupled from the optical P(R) --> F transition. Our results thus show that proton uptake is significantly and specifically inhibited in the two variants, strongly supporting the suggested involvement of T312 and T315 in the transfer of protons to the active site during O(2) reduction in the ba(3) oxidase.
The Protoplasmic Theory of Life and the Vitalist-Mechanist Debate

TN A LECTURE delivered in 1868 the English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley 1(1825-1895) excited popular imagination by suggesting that a nitrogenous, semifluid substance, called protoplasm, was the "physical basis of life. "' The notion was captivating. The basic attributes of life, Huxley insisted, are displayed by a sort of homogeneous ground substance which is common to both plants and animals and which should therefore be regarded as the most compelling evidence for the basic unity of all living forms. This conception, and Huxley's felicitous phrase "the physical basis of life," won widespread approval, but Huxley's lecture was in reality only a popular exposition of results gained from a long series of studies by other observers. The substance which Huxley and his contemporaries called protoplasm had been observed for decades under a variety of other names. Even during the eighteenth century, microscopists had described a stuff whose properties seem to agree more or less with those of protoplasm, and cyclosis (or protoplasmic streaming) had almost certainly been observed as early as 1774.2 The pathway from these early descriptions and observations to the conclusion that there is a basic living substance common to plants and animals was long and tortuous, but the conclusion had been reached nearly a decade, if not two, before Huxley delivered his lecture. The first clear statement of the identity between plant and animal protoplasm was made in 1850 by a twenty-two-year old German botanist, Ferdinand Cohn (18281898) of Breslau. His achievement would have been impossible without the earlier work of numerous investigators. Cohn was particularly indebted to the French proto-
Joint Allocation of Spectral and Power Resources for Non-Cooperative Wireless Localization Networks

Network localization is a key feature in many wireless services and applications. In typical range-based non-cooperative localization techniques, agents try to perform position estimation through ranging with respect to anchors with known positions. Based on the definition of squared positional error bound, the localization accuracy can be determined by the transmit power, carrier frequency, and signal bandwidth. This paper analyzes the joint power and spectrum allocation (JPSA) optimization problems in resource restricted wireless localization systems. We first formulate both optimal interference-free and interference affected JPSA problems. We then formulate the robust counterparts of the problems in the presence of uncertainty of the agents' positions. Since all JPSA problems are non-convex, we show that they can be modeled and solved as geometric programming (GP) by proper approximations. Numeric results validate our analysis and show that the developed algorithms are able to find solutions close to the global optimum in the investigated cases. We can find the optimal/robust resource deployment in non-cooperative wireless localization networks based on the proposed frameworks.
Code Smell Detecting Tool and Code Smell-Structure Bug Relationship

This paper proposes an approach for detecting the so- called bad smells in software known as Code Smell. In considering software bad smells, object-oriented software metrics were used to detect the source code whereby Eclipse Plugins were developed for detecting in which location of Java source code the bad smell appeared so that software refactoring could then take place. The detected source code was classified into 7 types: Large Class, Long Method, Parallel Inheritance Hierarchy, Long Parameter List, Lazy Class, Switch Statement, and Data Class. This work conducted analysis by using 323 java classes to ascertain the relationship between the code smell and structural defects of software by using the data mining techniques of Naive Bayes and Association Rules. The result of the Naive Bayes test showed that the Lazy Class caused structural defects in DLS, DE, and Se. Also, Data Class caused structural defects in UwF, DE, and Se, while Long Method, Large Class, Data Class, and Switch Statement caused structural defects in UwF and Se. Finally, Parallel Inheritance Hierarchy caused structural defects in Se. However, Long Parameter List caused no structural defects whatsoever. The results of the Association Rules test found that the Lazy Class code smell caused structural defects in DLS and DE, which corresponded to the results of the Naive Bayes test.
The impact of potent antiretroviral therapy on the characteristics of hospitalized patients with HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE Despite advances in antiretroviral treatment, a large number of HIV-infected patients still require hospitalization. This study describes the characteristics of HIV patients requiring hospitalization before and after the advent of potent antiretroviral therapies. METHODS Information was collected on all HIV-positive patients admitted to the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center in New York City. Data was collected from 1 January through 30 June 1995, and during the same 6-month interval in 1997. RESULTS In each time period over 1500 outpatients were receiving treatment for HIV infection. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of admission [60.4 per 100 patient-years (PY) in 1995, 28.8 per 100 PY in 1997], and length of stay (10 versus 8 days). The median CD4 cell count of all HIV-infected patients admitted to the hospital doubled: 37 x 10(6)/l in 1995 versus 80 x 10(6)/l in 1997. However, there was no significant change in the median CD4 cell count of patients diagnosed with opportunistic infections. The incidence of the most common diagnosis (bacterial pneumonia, 8.0 per 100 PY in 1995 versus 3.6 per 100 PY in 1997) and the most common opportunistic infection (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 7.6 per 100 PY in 1995 versus 2.4 per 100 PY in 1997) decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS Since the introduction of potent antiretroviral therapy, a significant decrease in the incidence of hospital admission and opportunistic infections has occurred. There has been a doubling of the median CD4 cell count of inpatients. There has been no significant change in the median CD4 cell count at which patients present with opportunistic infections.
Role of gut bacterial flora in nutrition and health: a review of recent advances in bacteriological techniques, metabolism, and factors affecting flora composition.

In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of scientific interest in man's intestinal microbiota and its role in determining the normal physiology and health status of the host. The vast majority of fecal and intestinal microbes are strict anaerobes, many extremely sensitive to molecular oxygen. Intestinal anaerobes may outnumber aerobes and facultative anaerobes by a factor of 103 or greater. As a result of newer and more rigorous anaerobic bacteriological procedures for the isolation of gut flora components, viable recoveries of significant fractions (1/3 to 2/3) of the numerous microbes observed by direct microscopic examination of fecal specimens have been achieved. Data from several recent studies put the viable count in normal human feces at 2 to 4 × 1011/g dry weight. Extensive studies of human fecal flora components employing both selective media and nonselective random isolation procedures have revealed an unexpected order of complexity both within and between individuals. It is estimated th.