Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Free and integrated forms of hepatitis B virus DNA in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (PLC/342) propagated in nude mice

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma cells (PLC/342) propagated in nude mice produce hepatitis B surface antigen of subtype adr, as well as core particles containing viral DNA and DNA polymerase. Free and integrated forms of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the tumor were isolated by molecular cloning, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Both of the two representative clones of free HBV DNA had the same genomic length (3,158 base pairs) and had two stop codons as well as two deletions in the envelope gene. None of the seven distinct clones of integrated HBV DNA possessed the entire viral genome. The integrated clone sequences had deletions and rearrangements, and only two clones possessed the envelope gene including the promoter and enhancer sequences. The C gene, which codes for core protein, was preserved in the two free clones and one of the integrated clones. The P gene, which codes for DNA polymerase, had deletions at two positions of 21 and 36 base pairs in both free clones, but was carried in toto by one of the integrated clones. The nucleotide sequences of the S genes of two free and four integrated clones, as well as their two inverted repeats, were compared. All of the eight sequences of the S gene possessed two nucleotide substitutions in common that were not displayed by any of the reported HBV genomes. The sequences differed from one another by only 1.2%. They differed, however, from 11 reported HBV genomes of subtype adr by 2.4%, from an ayr genome by 1.9%, from 2 adw genomes by 6.9%, and from 2 ayw genomes by 5.9%. These results indicate that all free and integrated HBV DNA species in the PLC/342 tumor cell evolved from a common progenitor. The free HBV DNA underwent nucleotide substitutions during several integration events, resulting in integrated HBV DNA copies that were similar in sequence but distinct from the reported HBV genomes.
Enforcement of Transnational Public Regulation

This essay provides an overview of enforcement mechanisms and issues in transnational public regulation. Regimes of transnational regulation (environment, finance, security, intellectual property, etc.) established by states and networks of domestic government officials use a variety of regulatory instruments, including economic incentives. Lack of consistent enforcement undermines the efficacy of these regimes. The paper examines legal remedies, including those provided by Global Administrative Law, that may be asserted against domestic and international administrative bodies in order to address enforcement gaps in transnational regulation. These include remedies invoked by the beneficiaries of regulatory regime to promote enforcement and regulatory protection by such bodies.
Recognition and connection of moving captions in Arabic TV news

The authors have conducted studies on Arabic news caption recognition to develop a system for video retrieval by keyword to index and edit Arabic broadcast programs received daily and stored in a big database. This paper proposes a dedicated OCR for recognizing low resolution news caption in video images. The news caption recognition system consisting of text line extraction, word segmentation and recognition of words is developed and the performance is experimentally evaluated using Dataset of frame images extracted from AlJazeera broadcasting programs. This paper also proposes a technique to connect the recognized moving news captions into a sentence. The proposed method is necessary for automatic language translation and is also capable of reducing the OCR errors due to truncated characters at both ends of the running news captions. The proposed connection method is a technique based on insertion operation with minimum edit distance between successive two news captions to be connected. Character likelihood based substitution method is newly proposed and comparatively tested with majority based substitution method. For the Dataset, character recognition rate (F-measure) after moving news caption connection by proposed method using bi-gram sequence (Method-B) realized simple processing and was improved to 98.74% from the rate 96.12% before connection processing.
Estrogen-Free Oral Hormonal Contraception: Benefits of the Progestin-Only Pill:

Although combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are commonly used and highly effective in preventing pregnancy, they may not be suitable for some women. COC use is associated with increased rates of cardiovascular events and is not recommended in nonbreastfeeding women in the immediate postpartum period or in breastfeeding women during the initial 6 months of breastfeeding. Moreover, estrogen-related adverse effects, such as headache, are common. Estrogen-free progestin-only pills (POPs) are a valuable option in women who prefer to take an oral hormonal contraceptive, but are ineligible for, or choose not to use, COCs. Although some POPs have been associated with lower contraceptive effectiveness than COCs, the POP containing desogestrel has shown similar contraceptive effectiveness to COCs. The most commonly reported complaints in women using all POPs are bleeding problems. Counseling women interested in using POPs about the variable bleeding patterns associated with this method may improve compliance and a.
Sequence type 398 meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a pet rabbit.

BACKGROUND Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent pathogen of humans and many animal species, and has become established as a veterinary pathogen. CASE REPORT In this case report we describe an MRSA infection in a dwarf rabbit, treatment of the infection and, subsequently, the genetic analysis of the isolated strain. The pet rabbit was presented to an animal hospital due to recurrent swellings on the head and on the neck. Bacteriological examination yielded Staphylococcus aureus, which was resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. The isolate was confirmed as an MRSA by mecA PCR, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) negative, and typed as multilocus sequence type (ST)398/staphylococcal protein A (spa) type t011/staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type SCCmecIVa. The rabbit was treated with rifampicin for 2 weeks. After 2.5 weeks the rabbit was clinically normal and control swabs were negative for MRSA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This study is the first to report MRSA in a rabbit in Austria. This study contributes to the growing evidence that MRSA ST398 could be isolated from a variety of animals.
Time-efficiency analysis of the treatment with monolithic implant crowns in a digital workflow: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the randomized controlled trial was to analyze time-efficiency of a treatment with implant crowns made of monolithic lithium disilicate (LS2) plus titanium base vs. porcelain fuse to zirconium dioxide (ZrO2 ) in a digital workflow. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty study participants were included for single-tooth replacement in premolar and molar sites. Baseline was the start of the prosthetic treatment. All patients received transocclusal screw-retained implant reconstructions on a soft tissue level-type implant. The 3D implant position was captured with intraoral optical scanning (IOS). After randomization, ten patients were restored with CAD-/CAM-produced monolithic LS2-crowns bonded to prefabricated titanium abutments without any physical models (test), and ten patients with CAD-/CAM-fabricated ZrO2 -suprastructures and hand-layered ceramic veneering with milled master models (control). Every single clinical and laboratory work step was timed in minutes and then analyzed for time-efficiency with Wilcoxon Rank Sum Tests. Direct costs were assessed for laboratory fees for first line production in Swiss Francs (CHF). RESULTS Two clinical appointments were necessary for IOS and seating of all implant crowns. The mean total production time, as the sum of clinical plus laboratory work steps, was significantly different, resulting in 75.3 min (SD ± 2.1) for test and 156.6 min (SD ± 4.6) for control [P = 0.0001]. Analysis for clinical treatment sessions showed a significantly shorter mean chair time for the complete digital workflow of 20.8 min (SD ± 0.3) compared to 24.1 min (SD ± 1.1) [P = 0.001]. Even more obvious were the results for the mean laboratory work time with a significant reduction of 54.5 min (SD ± 4.9) vs. 132.5 min (SD ± 8.7), respectively [P = 0.0001]. CONCLUSION The test workflow was more time-efficient than the controls for implant-supported crowns; notably, laboratory fabrication steps could be effectively shortened with the digital process of monolithic LS2 plus titanium base resulting in more than 30% reduced overall treatment costs.
Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy: A Survey of Surgical and Histopathologic Findings Mats

The surgical findings and the histopathology are reported for 163 patients (134 males, 29 females; mean age, 38 years; range, 13–72 years; 75% athletes) with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Biopsy specimens from symptomatic (155 cases) and nonsymptomatic (90 cases) parts of the tendon and from the paratenon (97 cases) were obtained. Surgical reports were reviewed and histopathology was evaluated according to a standardized protocol. Eighteen tendons also were analyzed by immunofluorescence for fibrinogen, immunoglobulins, and complement. Degenerative changes (tendinosis) characterized by abnormal fiber structure, focal hypercellularity, and vascular proliferation were noted in 90% of biopsy specimens from symptomatic parts of the tendons and, to a lesser degree, in 20% from nonsymptomatic parts. Fibrinogen could be identified in most lesion biopsy specimens. Partial tendon ruptures were present in 19% of the patients and always occurred in areas afflicted with tendinosis. The paratenon was mostly normal or revealed only slight changes. Increasing age and male gender were associated with more pronounced histopathologic changes. Tendinosis, sometimes complicated by partial rupture, appears to be the major lesion in chronic Achilles tendinopathy; the paratenon is rarely involved. Important features are a lack of inflammatory cells and a poor healing response.
Genomic characterization of some Iranian children with idiopathic mental retardation using array comparative genomic hybridization

BACKGROUND: Mental retardation (MR) has a prevalence of 1-3% and genetic causes are present in more than 50% of patients. Chromosomal abnormalities are one of the most common genetic causes of MR and are responsible for 4-28% of mental retardation. However, the smallest loss or gain of material visible by standard cytogenetic is about 4 Mb and for smaller abnormalities, molecular cytogenetic techniques such as array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) should be used. It has been shown that 15-25% of idiopathic MR (IMR) has submicroscopic rearrangements detectable by array CGH. In this project, the genomic abnormalities were investigated in 32 MR patients using this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with IMR with dysmorphism were investigated in this study. Karyotype analysis, fragile X and metabolic tests were first carried out on the patients. The copy number variation was then assessed in a total of 32 patients with normal results for the mentioned tests using whole genome oligo array CGH. Multiple ligation probe amplification was carried out as a confirmation test. RESULTS: In total, 19% of the patients showed genomic abnormalities. This is reduced to 12.5% once the two patients with abnormal karyotypes (upon re-evaluation) are removed. CONCLUSION: The array CGH technique increased the detection rate of genomic imbalances in our patients by 12.5%. It is an accurate and reliable method for the determination of genomic imbalances in patients with IMR and dysmorphism.
The Role of the Obstetrician–Gynecologist in the Early Detection of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Women at Average Risk

Ovarian cancer is the second most common type of female reproductive cancer, and more women die from ovarian cancer than from cervical cancer and uterine cancer combined. Currently, there is no strategy for early detection of ovarian cancer that reduces ovarian cancer mortality. Taking a detailed personal and family history for breast, gynecologic, and colon cancer facilitates categorizing women based on their risk (average risk or high risk) of developing epithelial ovarian cancer. Women with a strong family history of ovarian, breast, or colon cancer may have hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (BRCA mutation) or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome), and these women are at increased risk of developing ovarian cancer. Women with these conditions should be referred for formal genetic counseling to better assess their cancer risk, including their risk of ovarian cancer. If appropriate, these women may be offered additional testing for early detection of ovarian cancer. The use of transvaginal ultrasonography and tumor markers (such as cancer antigen 125), alone or in combination, for the early detection of ovarian cancer in average-risk women have not been proved to reduce mortality, and harms exist from invasive diagnostic testing (eg, surgery) resulting from false-positive test results. The patient and her obstetrician–gynecologist should maintain an appropriate level of suspicion when potentially relevant signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer are present. ACOG COMMITTEE OPINION Number 716 • September 2017 (Replaces Committee Opinion Number 477, March 2011)
Compatible simultaneous lower confidence bounds for the Holm procedure and other Bonferroni‐based closed tests

We consider the problem of simultaneously testing multiple one‐sided null hypotheses. Single‐step procedures, such as the Bonferroni test, are characterized by the fact that the rejection or non‐rejection of a null hypothesis does not take the decision for any other hypothesis into account. For stepwise test procedures, such as the Holm procedure, the rejection or non‐rejection of a null hypothesis may depend on the decision of other hypotheses. It is well known that stepwise test procedures are by construction more powerful than their single‐step counterparts. This power advantage, however, comes only at the cost of increased difficulties in constructing compatible simultaneous confidence intervals for the parameters of interest. For example, such simultaneous confidence intervals are easily obtained for the Bonferroni method, but surprisingly hard to derive for the Holm procedure. In this paper, we discuss the inherent problems and show that ad hoc solutions used in practice typically do not control the pre‐specified simultaneous confidence level. Instead, we derive simultaneous confidence intervals that are compatible with a certain class of closed test procedures using weighted Bonferroni tests for each intersection hypothesis. The class of multiple test procedures covered in this paper includes gatekeeping procedures based on Bonferroni adjustments, fixed sequence procedures, the simple weighted or unweighted Bonferroni procedure by Holm and the fallback procedure. We illustrate the results with a numerical example. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Body Mass Index Significantly Impacts Outcomes of Colorectal Surgery

There are limited data regarding the association between body mass index (BMI) and colorectal surgery outcomes. We sought to evaluate the effect of BMI on short-term surgical outcomes in colon and rectal surgery patients in the United States. The American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Project database was used to identify all patients who underwent colon or rectal resection from 2005 to 2013. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the independent effect of BMI on outcomes. A total of 206,360 patients underwent colorectal resection during the study period. Of these, 3.2 per cent of patients were underweight (BMI < 18.5), 23.8 per cent patients were normal weight (18.5 ≤, BMI < 25), 26.5 per cent were overweight (25 ≤, BMI < 30), 25.2 per cent were obese (30 ≤, BMI < 40), and 5.3 per cent were morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40). Underweight patients had longer length of stay (confidence interval: 2.70–3.49, P < 0.001) and higher mortality (adjusted odds ratio: 1.45, P < 0.01) compared with patients with a normal BMI. Morbidly obese patients had the highest overall morbidity rate compared with normal BMI patients (adjusted odds ratio: 1.53, confidence interval: 1.42–1.64, P < 0.01). BMI is associated with outcomes in colon and rectal surgery patients. Underweight and morbidly obese patients have a significantly increased risk of postsurgical complications compared with those with normal BMI.
Replication protein A-mediated recruitment and activation of Rad17 complexes

The human Rad17–Rfc2-5 and Rad9–Rad1–Hus1 complexes play crucial roles in the activation of the ATR-mediated DNA damage and DNA replication stress response pathways. In response to DNA damage, Rad9 is recruited to chromatin in a Rad17-dependent manner in human cells. However, the DNA structures recognized by the Rad17–Rfc2-5 complex during the damage response have not been defined. Here, we show that replication protein A (RPA) stimulates the binding of the Rad17–Rfc2-5 complex to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), primed ssDNA, and a gapped DNA structure. Furthermore, RPA facilitates the recruitment of the Rad9–Rad1–Hus1 complex by the Rad17–Rfc2-5 complex to primed and gapped DNA structures in vitro. These findings suggest that RPA-coated ssDNA is an important part of the structures recognized by the Rad17–Rfc2-5 complex. Unlike replication factor C (RFC), which uses the 3′ primer/template junction to recruit proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the Rad17–Rfc2-5 complex can use both the 5′ and the 3′ primer/template junctions to recruit the Rad9–Rad1–Hus1 complex, and it shows a preference for gapped DNA structures. These results explain how the Rad17–Rfc2-5 complex senses DNA damage and DNA replication stress to initiate checkpoint signaling.
Active flexible concentric ring electrode for non-invasive surface bioelectrical recordings

EHG (Electrohysterogram) is the recording of uterine electromyogram with external electrodes located on the abdomen of pregnant woman. Derived from the electrical activity generated at the muscle fiber lever, it provides complementary information from the muscle, and appears to be a very promising technique for clinical or physiologic investigation of uterine activity, compared with current monitoring which can’t give us complementary phase information of uterine activity. In this article we have shown the disadvantages of the conventional electrodes for EHG data-acquisition system and put forward a new type of electrode that is called active Laplacian electrode. It integrates concentric rings electrode with a bioelectricity preamplifier and is capable of acquiring localized information. We can localise the EHG signals source more easily by using this new electrode.
Is there a Role for Oral Triple Therapy in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes Without Atrial Fibrillation?

BACKGROUND Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients, despite treatment with Dual Anti- Platelet Therapy (DAPT), have up to 10% risk of recurrent Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) in the short term. METHODS Here we review studies using more potent antithrombotic agent combinations to reduce this risk, namely Triple Therapy (TT) with the addition of an oral anticoagulant, PAR-1 antagonist, or cilostazol to DAPT (mainly aspirin and clopidogrel), and discuss the limitations of trials to date. RESULTS Generally speaking, TT leads to an increase in bleeding. Vorapaxar showed a signal for reducing ischaemic events, but increased intracranial haemorrhage 3-fold in the subacute phase of ACS, although remains an option for secondary prevention beyond the immediate subacute phase, particularly if prasugrel or ticagrelor are not available. Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) all increased bleeding, with only modest reduction in MACE noted with low dose rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban can be considered combined with aspirin and clopidogrel in ACS patients at high ischaemic and low bleeding risk, without prior stroke/TIA. The combination of P2Y12 inhibitor and NOAC, without aspirin, looks promising. DAPT may be replaced, not by TT, but by dual therapy comprising a NOAC with a P2Y12 inhibitor. CONCLUSION More potent antithrombotic regimens increase bleeding and should only be considered on an individual basis, after careful risk stratification. Accurate risk stratification of ACS patients, for both ischaemic and bleeding risk, is essential to allow individualised treatment.
Stability of benzylpenicillin during continuous home intravenous therapy.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the temperature profile of home intravenous (iv) antibiotic reservoirs and the stability of 16 megaunits of benzylpenicillin sodium in 120 mL of sodium chloride 0.9% at constant and variable temperatures. METHODS A Tinytag computerized thermometer recorded temperatures every minute in the home iv antibiotic reservoir pouches of nine patients over a 24 h period. Similar bags containing benzylpenicillin sodium (16 megaunits) were maintained either at a constant 36 degrees C, 26 degrees C or 21-22 degrees C or were worn in a pouch by five healthy volunteers for a 24 h period. Other bags were stored at 3-5 degrees C for 10 days. The bags were sampled at timed intervals and benzylpenicillin concentrations assayed by HPLC. RESULTS Median temperatures recorded in the infusion bags worn by the nine patients were in the range 16.7-34.1 degrees C. For infusion bags maintained at 36 degrees C, 26 degrees C and 21-22 degrees C, the concentrations of benzylpenicillin dropped below 90% of the initial concentration at a mean time of 5 h 18 min, 12 h 54 min and 13 h 20 min, respectively, whereas for bags worn by the healthy volunteers the mean time for 10% loss of benzylpenicillin was 9 h 20 min. In contrast, at 3-5 degrees C, concentrations of benzylpenicillin only dropped below 90% of the initial concentration at 8 days. CONCLUSIONS Significant temperature-dependent degradation of benzylpenicillin occurs during continuous home iv antibiotic programme infusions, which could result in loss of efficacy.