Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patellar resurfacing in primary total knee replacement: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Treatment of the patella during total knee replacement is an area of continuing debate. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to address the hypothesis that patellar resurfacing in primary total knee replacement improved patient outcome. METHODS Randomized controlled trials comparing patellar resurfacing with nonresurfacing in primary total knee replacement were included. The primary outcomes analyzed were knee scores, anterior knee pain, and patient satisfaction. We also investigated the prevalence of complications, revision surgery related specifically to the patellofemoral joint, the infection rate, operative time, and radiographic appearance. RESULTS Sixteen randomized controlled trials assessing 3465 knee replacements were eligible; 1710 procedures included patellar resurfacing and 1755 did not. The knee component of the Knee Society Score was significantly higher in the resurfacing group (p = 0.005); however, no significant difference was observed for the function component of the Knee Society Score or for any other reported knee score. Anterior knee pain was reported in 13% of resurfaced knees and in 24% of nonresurfaced knees; this difference was not significant (p = 0.1). Patients were satisfied with the outcome after 485 (90%) of 539 procedures that included patellar resurfacing compared with 488 (89%) of 548 that did not; this difference was not significant. There were ninety-three reported patellofemoral complications in the resurfacing group and 205 in the nonresurfacing group; this difference was significant (p = 0.02) in a random-effect model. The rate of reoperation because of anterior knee pain (p < 0.00001) and the rate of reoperation because of any patellofemoral complication (p = 0.002) were significantly higher in the nonresurfaced group. No differences were found in the analyses of infection rate, operative time, or radiographic appearance. CONCLUSIONS Patients who underwent patellar resurfacing experienced anterior knee pain and satisfaction with the arthroplasty procedure that were equivalent to those experienced by patients whose patella was not resurfaced; however, these patients underwent significantly fewer additional surgical procedures. Further long-term follow-up of modern prostheses in randomized studies measuring outcome with a patella-specific score is needed.
The kinetic mechanism of wild-type and mutant mouse dihydrofolate reductases.

A kinetic mechanism is presented for mouse dihydrofolate reductase that predicts all the steady-state parameters and full time-course kinetics. This mechanism was derived from association and dissociation rate constants and pre-steady-state transients by using stopped-flow fluorescence and absorbance measurements. The major features of this kinetic mechanism are as follows: (1) the two native enzyme conformers, E1 and E2, bind ligands with varying affinities although only one conformer, E1, can support catalysis in the forward direction, (2) tetrahydrofolate dissociation is the rate-limiting step under steady-state turnover at low pH, and (3) the pH-independent rate of hydride transfer from NADPH to dihydrofolate is fast (khyd = 9000 s-1) and favorable (Keq = 100). The overall mechanism is similar in form to the Escherichia coli kinetic scheme (Fierke et al., 1987), although several differences are observed: (1) substrates and products predominantly bind the same form of the E. coli enzyme, and (2) the hydride transfer rate from NADPH to either folate or dihydrofolate is considerably faster for the mouse enzyme. The role of Glu-30 (Asp-27 in E. coli) in mouse DHFR has also been examined by using site-directed mutagenesis as a potential source of these differences. While aspartic acid is strictly conserved in all bacterial DHFRs, glutamic acid is conserved in all known eucaryotes. The two major effects of substituting Asp for Glu-30 in the mouse enzyme are (1) a decreased rate of folate reduction and (2) an increased rate of hydride transfer from NADPH to dihydrofolate. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Eye tracking methodology - theory and practice, 2nd Edition

Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading eye tracking methodology theory and practice 2nd edition as one of the reading material to finish quickly.
Simulation-based High-level Synthesis of Pipeline Analog-to-Digital Converters

This paper presents a toolbox for the time-domain simulation and optimization-based high-level synthesis of pipeline analog-to-digital convert- ers in MATLAB ® . Behavioral models of building blocks, including their critical error mechanisms, are described and incorporated into SIMULINK ® as C-compiled S-functions. This approach significantly speeds up sys- tem-level simulations while keeping high accuracy − ver- ified with HSPICE − and interoperability of different subcircuit models. Moreover, their combined use with an efficient optimizer makes the proposed toolbox a valuable alternative for the design of broadband communication analog front-ends. As a case study, an embedded 0. 13µm CMOS 12bit@80MS/s ADC for a PLC chipset is designed to show the capabilities of the presented tool. †
Recent Developments and Future Prospects on Sustainable Human Resource Management: Introduction to the Special Issue **

In this editorial the previous and current state of studies in the subject of sustainability are considered and the role of HRM examined. Particular attention is drawn to the range of definitions of ‘sustainability’ and to prior approaches to Sustainable HRM. The difficulties of studying the complexities of the topics especially the varying perspectives from geographical locations and from practice and academia are observed. Meanwhile the opportunities for academic research to add value to the world of practice are identified. The editors then outline the contributions by the authors of the three papers and an extended book review that make up the Special Edition. Finally, there are suggestions for the course of future research on this increasingly important topic – for academics, for practitioners and for humanity in general.
Challenges for undergraduate speech pathology students undertaking cross-cultural clinical placements.

BACKGROUND Two Australian undergraduate speech pathology students completed a series of clinical placements working with people with complex communication needs in cross-cultural contexts. AIMS To describe the challenges that the students faced and how best to prepare future students for such experiences. METHODS & PROCEDURES The students completed the placements in Thailand, Nepal, Bangladesh, India and South Africa. They used personal journaling to record their experiences. The students used the journals as the basis for reflective discussion when considering the challenges they experienced in applying their knowledge and skills. OUTCOMES & RESULTS The challenges were (1) to prepare adequately ahead of the placements; (2) to select appropriate models of service delivery; (3) to use existing service approaches, resources and infrastructure appropriately; (4) to access professional support; (5) to define their professional role; (6) to manage variable shared language proficiency; (7) to adapt personally; and (8) to work using an undergraduate level of knowledge, skills and experience. CONCLUSIONS The students encountered challenges related to their clinical preparation and their capacity to adapt in both a professional and personal sense. Future students preparing to undertake such placements need to attain at least minimum clinical competencies before placements. They will be helped if they have some clinical experience in working with people with complex communication needs in cross-cultural contexts, information about the cultures they will visit, and if they set professional and personal learning goals for each clinical placement. This preparation will aid students in maximizing their learning experience.
Fracture fixation in small animal practice

Hamish Denny qualified at Cambridge in 1968. He was house surgeon at the University of Bristol from 1968 to 1970. He was then appointed lecturer in veterinary surgery at Bristol and held this position until 1985 when he was made senior lecturer. He left the university in 1987 and currently provides a private orthopaedic referral service in Bristol. His published work includes two text books, 'A Guide to Canine Orthopaedic Surgery' and 'Treatment of Equine Fractures'. His special interests are canine orthopaedic and spinal surgery and equine fracture repair. ONCE a fracture has been reduced, and provided the blood supply to the fragments is intact, the main requirement for successful healing is the provision of adequate immobilisation. The degree of stability achieved affects the size of callus formation; the more unstable the fracture the greater the size of the callus (Hutzschenreuter and other 1969). Conversely, a completely stable fracture should heal without callus formation. Rigid immobilisation of a fracture can be achieved by internal fixation and compression of the fracture site. The aim of compression treatment of fractures is to achieve primary bone union in which direct longitudinal reconstruction of the bone occurs without any radiologically visible periosteal or endosteal callus (Muller and others 1970). Primary bone union should be striven for in the management of articular fractures but is not so essential in the management of diaphyseal fractures. Is complete immobilisation essential for healing? Fracture healing will proceed in the presence of a certain amount of tension, a considerable amount of bending will also be tolerated but torsion or rotation impedes healing because it causes tearing of the fibroblastic network of the callus and this may lead to non-union. Currently, the external fixator is the fashionable method of fracture fixation. The device can be used to vary the amount of movement at the fracture site, ie, rigid flxation during the early stages with an increase in micromovement or stress during the latter stages of healing. Studies have shown that controlled stress across the fracture both speeds the rate and improves the quality of bone healing (McKibbin 1978).
A Two-Dimensional Lamellar Membrane: MXene Nanosheet Stacks.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising candidates for advanced water purification membranes. A new kind of lamellar membrane is based on a stack of 2D MXene nanosheets. Starting from compact Ti3 AlC2 , delaminated nanosheets of the composition Ti3 C2 Tx with the functional groups T (O, OH, and/or F) can be produced by etching and ultrasonication and stapled on a porous support by vacuum filtration. The MXene membrane supported on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) substrate shows excellent water permeance (more than 1000 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 ) and favorable rejection rate (over 90 %) for molecules with sizes larger than 2.5 nm. The water permeance through the MXene membrane is much higher than that of the most membranes with similar rejections. Long-time operation also reveals the outstanding stability of the MXene membrane for water purification.
Modeling Online Passwords Protection Intention

Using the Protection Motivation Theory, the paper tests a model password protection intention of online users. Hypotheses are proposed concerning the intention to engage in good password practice. Data were collected from 182 college students who use the Internet. The result suggests that fear, response cost and response efficacy are significantly related to online password protection intention. However, perceived severity and vulnerability are not significant predictors. The study suggests that reducing cognitive costs for passwords is imperative.
Impairment of innate immune function by hydroxyethyl starch.

did not differentiate between the effect of hypotension and hypertension on postoperative 30 day mortality. We included the duration of both hypotension and hypertension in our models, and Table 2 of our article shows that hypotension, but not hypertension, was associatedwith increasedmortality. These results are in agreement with the work of Monk and colleagues. There are many hypothetical clinical reasons that could explain our results, but we proposed none because of the retrospective nature of the investigation. Our conclusions indicated where our results agreed with others, such as the association of the degree and duration of hypotension with adverse outcomes. We also presented new information that the presence of increased BP lability (rate of BP change over time) was associated with lowermortality.We did not imply that BP lability is a benign condition in all patients (especially given that it was associated with non-fatal myocardial infarction) or suggest that clinicians not intervene to support BP and minimize lability when they deem it appropriate to do so. Rather, our findings are an interesting observation that merits further investigation.
Psychopathology among children placed in family foster care.

OBJECTIVE The literature on psychopathology among children in family foster care published in the last 20 years was reviewed to estimate prevalence and types of psychopathology in this population. METHODS A comprehensive computerized database was searched for the period 1974 through 1994, with emphasis on recent literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Available evidence suggests that the prevalence of psychopathology among children in family foster care is higher than would be expected from normative data, even when this population is compared with children who have backgrounds of similar deprivation. As for the types of psychopathology in this population, the only apparent trend is the predominance of externalizing disorders, such as disruptive behavior disorders. A combination of social, psychological, and biological factors may render children in family foster care highly vulnerable to psychopathology.
Molecular and immunological basis of X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease

Summary: X‐linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) disease is a human immune dysfunction characterized primarily by an inappropriate response to Epstein–Barr virus infection. In 1998, it was discovered that XLP is caused by inactivating mutations in the SAP/SH2D1A/DSHP gene. This gene codes for an immune cell‐specific polypeptide termed SAP (SLAM‐associated protein) that is composed almost exclusively of an Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. By way of its SH2 domain, SAP interacts with tyrosine‐based motifs located in the cytoplasmic region of members of the SLAM (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule) family of receptors. Recent findings indicate that SAP is required for the function of SLAM‐related receptors, as a consequence of its capacity to promote the recruitment and activation of the Src‐related protein tyrosine kinase FynT, thereby allowing SLAM receptor‐mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation signals in immune cells. Functional and genetic analyses suggest that the phenotype associated with XLP is caused in large part by defects in the functions of SLAM‐related receptors due to SAP deficiency.
Multibody Kinematics Optimization for the Estimation of Upper and Lower Limb Human Joint Kinematics: A Systematized Methodological Review.

Multibody kinematics optimization (MKO) aims to reduce soft tissue artefact (STA) and is a key step in musculoskeletal modeling. The objective of this review was to identify the numerical methods, their validation and performance for the estimation of the human joint kinematics using MKO. Seventy-four papers were extracted from a systematized search in five databases and cross-referencing. Model-derived kinematics were obtained using either constrained optimization or Kalman filtering to minimize the difference between measured (i.e., by skin markers, electromagnetic or inertial sensors) and model-derived positions and/or orientations. While hinge, universal, and spherical joints prevail, advanced models (e.g., parallel and four-bar mechanisms, elastic joint) have been introduced, mainly for the knee and shoulder joints. Models and methods were evaluated using: (i) simulated data based, however, on oversimplified STA and joint models; (ii) reconstruction residual errors, ranging from 4 mm to 40 mm; (iii) sensitivity analyses which highlighted the effect (up to 36 deg and 12 mm) of model geometrical parameters, joint models, and computational methods; (iv) comparison with other approaches (i.e., single body kinematics optimization and nonoptimized kinematics); (v) repeatability studies that showed low intra- and inter-observer variability; and (vi) validation against ground-truth bone kinematics (with errors between 1 deg and 22 deg for tibiofemoral rotations and between 3 deg and 10 deg for glenohumeral rotations). Moreover, MKO was applied to various movements (e.g., walking, running, arm elevation). Additional validations, especially for the upper limb, should be undertaken and we recommend a more systematic approach for the evaluation of MKO. In addition, further model development, scaling, and personalization methods are required to better estimate the secondary degrees-of-freedom (DoF).
Lesioning of Deep Prepiriform Cortex Protects Against Ischemic Neuronal Necrosis by Attenuating Extracellular Glutamate Concentrations

Abstract: An area of the deep prepiriform cortex is a controlling site for limbic seizures. Focal pharmacologic blockade of NMDA receptors in the deep prepiriform cortex protects against hippocampal cell injury during limbic seizures induced by intravenous kainate and during the excitotoxicity of global ischemia. In the current study, the deep prepiriform cortex was lesioned bilaterally by microinjection of kainate, 3 days before 10 min of global ischemia induced by four‐vessel occlusion. Extracellular glutamate concentrations in the hippocampus were measured before, during, and after global ischemia by using in vivo microdialysis technique. Surviving hippocampal neurons were counted 7 days after ischemia. Lesioned animals showed significantly greater numbers of surviving neurons and significantly lower ischemia‐induced elevations of extracellular glutamate concentrations than non‐lesioned animals. During seizures induced from the deep prepiriform cortex, the immediate early gene cox‐2 is expressed in the hippocampus. These results indicate that deep prepiriform cortex can be a modulatory site for ischemic hippocampal injury.
An experimental study of the influence of graphite on the electrical conductivity of olivine aggregates

Presence of graphite is one of the mechanisms to explain enhanced electrical conductivity. Because the conductivity of graphite is highly anisotropic and the connectivity of graphite depends strongly on the geometry of the crystals, the key issue is the geometry of graphite in a rock including their crystallographic orientation and the shape of graphite crystals. We explored the role of graphite on electrical conductivity in olivine‐rich aggregates. To obtain well‐defined results, we conducted an experimental study at high pressure and temperature conditions. Olivine aggregates containing diamonds were annealed to transform diamond to graphite with nearly equilibrium morphology. Graphite formed by the transformation from diamond has thin disk‐shape morphology, the plane being the highly conductive (0001) plane. When the concentration of graphite exceeds the percolation threshold (~ 1 wt%), electrical conductivity is significantly enhanced. Some of the observed high conductivity regions may represent regions of high concentration of graphite.
Mutants affected in alkaline phosphatase, expression: evidence for multiple positive regulators of the phosphate regulon in Escherichia coli.

The expression of alkaline phosphatase (the product of the phoA gene) in Escherichia coli is believed to be subject to both positive control by the phoB gene product and negative control by the phoR gene product. We have isolated a large number of PhoA- mutants in the phoR- genetic background. Among mutants altered in the positive control of alkaline phosphatase, some were phoB mutants; others had a mutation in a new gene, designated phoM. We believe that the phoM gene codes for a positive regulator that acts together with the phoB gene product in phoA gene expressions. --The phoM phenotype was found to be masked in phoR+ strains. This and other evidence support a positive regulatory role for the phoR gene product as well. --Our experiments demonstrate that phoA is under positive control by three different positive regulators: the product of the phoB, phoM and phoR genes. The phoB gene product is always needed together with either the phoR or phoM gene product. In addition, the phoR gene product acts as a negative regulator. --We describe a model for phoA gene expression consistent with this new evidence.
An epidemiological investigation of coronary heart disease in the California health survey population.

The epidemiological method is being used increasingly for the investigation of coronary heart disease. The frequency and distribution of coronary heart disease in populations provide clues for further investigation and establish a framework against which other research findings can be assessed. Furthermore, epidemiology provides a method for examining etiological hypotheses in population groups -rather than in the laboratory or clinic. Until recent years epidemiological knowledge about this disease came mainly from death certificates, necropsy examinations, and clinical records. All too often the cases came from undefined populations, for which descriptive data were uncertain or lacking. Moreover, the representativeness of the cases themselves was open to question. It was usually difficult even to estimate what proportion of the total incidence or prevalence in the population was represented by the cases under investigation. The reports presented here provide examples of the application of epidemiological methods to coronary heart disease. Two studies4'6 deal with samples of civil service employee populations, and a third is concerned with a community population sample.8 Our paper reports an inquiry into coronary heart disease in California-based on a source of information not previously used for this purpose-a general population morbidity survey. The use of a sample survey for epidemiological purposes gives confidence in generalization to the whole population. The total study population comprised persons selected for interview by the California Health Survey. The latter, a household survey sample representative of the civilian population of California, provided a defined population about whom considerable social and demographic data were collected. In this survey population 250 persons were reported to have had arteriosclerotic heart disease, coronary heart disease, or angina pectoris.2 * Some disadvantages in this approach to selection of cases must be noted. One could not expect that all. the cases of coronary heart disease in such a population would be reported. Nor were the reported cases necessarily representative of all coronary heart disease cases in the study population. However, it seemed possible either to minimize or at least to describe these limitations by defining and studying other classes of cases in the survey population. Since the initial case material resulted from respondent's reports, some inaccuracy of diagnostic statements appeared likely. However, all reported cases were said to have been medically attended, so that obtaining a physician's report was a possibility.