Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF INDIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Human capital development is being globally recognized as a key factor for economic growth in modern economies. Education in general and higher education in particular plays a vital role in developing this human capital. Economic success for countries and individuals relies increasingly on human capital their knowledge, skills learning, talents and abilities. India‘s rapid economic growth which is mainly driven by its services sector, largely depends on its human capital supply, which in turn is a product of India‘s higher and professional education system. Higher education is critical to India‘s aspirations of emerging as a major player in the global knowledge economy. India needs to review its higher education policy and align its objectives with the economic development goals of the nation. This paper aims at objectively discussing literature review focusing on the role of tertiary education in human capital development and economic growth of India.
The Efficient Market Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence

The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) has been the central proposition of finance since the early 1970s and is one of the most well-studied hypotheses in all the social sciences, yet, surprisingly, there is still no consensus, even among financial economists, as to whether the EMH holds. Five statistical analyses are conducted in an attempt to explicate such apparently contrary convictions. An analysis of daily, weekly, monthly and annual Dow Jones Industrial Average log returns found that first-order autocorrelation is small but positive for all time periods, with the autocorrelations for daily and weekly returns closest to zero, and thus an efficient market. A standard runs test showed that the hypothesis of independence is strongly rejected for daily returns, but accepted for weekly, monthly and annual returns, whilst the results of a more sophisticated runs test showed that daily, weekly and decreasing returns are the least consistent with an efficient market. Rescaled range analysis was conducted on the same data sets, and there was no significant evidence for the existence of long memory in the returns, a result consistent with market efficiency. Finally, from an analysis of investment newsletters it may be concluded that technical analysis---as applied by practitioners---fails to outperform the market. I reconcile the fact that daily stock market log returns pass linear statistical tests of efficiency, yet non-linear forecasting methods can still generate above-average risk-adjusted returns, whilst discretionary technical analysts fail to make abnormal returns.
Soil greenhouse gas fluxes and global warming potential in four high‐yielding maize systems

Crop intensification is often thought to increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but studies in which crop management is optimized to exploit crop yield potential are rare. We conducted a field study in eastern Nebraska, USA to quantify GHG emissions, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and the net global warming potential (GWP) in four irrigated systems: continuous maize with recommended best management practices (CC‐rec) or intensive management (CC‐int) and maize–soybean rotation with recommended (CS‐rec) or intensive management (CS‐int). Grain yields of maize and soybean were generally within 80–100% of the estimated site yield potential. Large soil surface carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were mostly associated with rapid crop growth, high temperature and high soil water content. Within each crop rotation, soil CO2 efflux under intensive management was not consistently higher than with recommended management. Owing to differences in residue inputs, SOC increased in the two continuous maize systems, but decreased in CS‐rec or remained unchanged in CS‐int. N2O emission peaks were mainly associated with high temperature and high soil water content resulting from rainfall or irrigation events, but less clearly related to soil NO3‐N levels. N2O fluxes in intensively managed systems were only occasionally greater than those measured in the CC‐rec and CS‐rec systems. Fertilizer‐induced N2O emissions ranged from 1.9% to 3.5% in 2003, from 0.8% to 1.5% in 2004 and from 0.4% to 0.5% in 2005, with no consistent differences among the four systems. All four cropping systems where net sources of GHG. However, due to increased soil C sequestration continuous maize systems had lower GWP than maize–soybean systems and intensive management did not cause a significant increase in GWP. Converting maize grain to ethanol in the two continuous maize systems resulted in a net reduction in life cycle GHG emissions of maize ethanol relative to petrol‐based gasoline by 33–38%. Our study provided evidence that net GHG emissions from agricultural systems can be kept low when management is optimized toward better exploitation of the yield potential. Major components for this included (i) choosing the right combination of adopted varieties, planting date and plant population to maximize crop biomass productivity, (ii) tactical water and nitrogen (N) management decisions that contributed to high N use efficiency and avoided extreme N2O emissions, and (iii) a deep tillage and residue management approach that favored the build‐up of soil organic matter from large amounts of crop residues returned.
Effect of yoga on pulmonary function test in chronic obstructive lung diseases and COPD patients

BackgroundCOPD & asthma are major health problems and worldwide number of patients with these diseases continue to rise. Lung function test get impaired in asthma and COPD. ObjectiveThe study was conducted to observe the beneficial effect of yoga on pulmonary function in asthma & COPD patients. MethodThirty diagnosed patients of moderate asthma (n=15) as well as COPD (n= 15) in the age group 18-60 years of either sex were selected from medicine outpatient department of GTB hospital, Delhi. Subjects performed pranayama for 21 days at an average 30 minutes daily. Pulmonary function tests of all the subjects were evaluated prior to yoga training (pranayama and meditation) and after 2 month of yoga. The pulmonary function parameters recorded by using computerized medisoft instrument (HYPAIR compact) were compared and statistically analyzed. ResultsPulmonary functions FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, SVC, PEFR, MVV, FEF25-75%, and TLCO showed a statistically significant improvement after 2 months of yoga training. Quality of life also increased in asthma patients after Pranayama and meditation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 26-08-2019 Date of Acceptance: 10-09-2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 3 Learning Genetics with Dragons : From Computer-Based Manipulatives to Hypermodels

This chapter continues a theme explored in earlier research (Horwitz & Christie, 2000) related to the use of a computer-based manipulative called “GenScope” for teaching high school genetics. The major finding from that work was that although GenScope proved immensely popular among both students and teachers,1 the learning results associated with its use were initially disappointing and only improved after the software was accompanied by a customized curriculum and extensive professional development (Hickey, Kindfield, Horwitz, & Christie, 2003; Hickey, Kruger, & Zuiker, 2003). In the present chapter we focus on the changes that were made to GenScope in response to these findings, and describe research and development efforts toward and with a “new and improved” version of the software called BioLogica. One of the main thrusts of the research we report on here has been the addition to GenScope of logging tools that enable us to: (1) monitor students’ actions, including but not limited to their answers to embedded assessment questions, and (2) analyze them to make inferences concerning their content knowledge, and model-based reasoning. The results of these fine-grained analyses were mainly used to inform our research, but in future could form the basis for timely, insightful reports on student learning, targeted for teachers and students, respectively.
FSLAM: an Efficient and Accurate SLAM Accelerator on SoC FPGAs

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is one of the main components of autonomous navigation systems. With the increase in popularity of drones, autonomous navigation on low-power systems is seeing widespread application. Most SLAM algorithms are computationally intensive and struggle to run in real-time on embedded devices with reasonable accu-racy. ORB-SLAM is an open-sourced feature-based SLAM that achieves high accuracy with reduced computational complexity. We propose an FPGA based ORB-SLAM system, named FSLAM, that accelerates the computationally intensive visual feature extraction and matching on hardware. FSLAM is based on a Zynq-family SoC and runs 8.5x, 1.55x and 1.35x faster compared to an ARM CPU, Intel Desktop CPU, and a state-of-the-art FPGA system respectively, while averaging a 2x improvement in accuracy compared to prior work on FPGA.
UZH@CRAFT-ST: a Sequence-labeling Approach to Concept Recognition

As our submission to the CRAFT shared task 2019, we present two neural approaches to concept recognition. We propose two different systems for joint named entity recognition (NER) and normalization (NEN), both of which model the task as a sequence labeling problem. Our first system is a BiLSTM network with two separate outputs for NER and NEN trained from scratch, whereas the second system is an instance of BioBERT fine-tuned on the concept-recognition task. We exploit two strategies for extending concept coverage, ontology pretraining and backoff with a dictionary lookup. Our results show that the backoff strategy effectively tackles the problem of unseen concepts, addressing a major limitation of the chosen design. In the cross-system comparison, BioBERT proves to be a strong basis for creating a concept-recognition system, although some entity types are predicted more accurately by the BiLSTM-based system.
The Cost of Dementia in Europe A Review of the Evidence , and Methodological Considerations

391 1. Data Needs for Modelling. 392 2. Literature Review . 393 2.1 Presentation of Cost Estimates . 394 3. Cost of Dementia . 394 3.1 Belgium . 394 3.2 France . 397 3.3 Germany. 397 3.4 Italy . 398 3.5 Nordic Region. 398 3.6 Spain . 399 3.7 UK . 400 4. Discussion. 400 4.1 International Differences in Costs of Care . 400 4.2 Selection of Study Subjects. 401 4.3 Measuring and Valuing Informal Care . 401 4.4 Applicability for Economic Modelling . 401 4.5 Recommendations for Future Studies . 402 5. Conclusions . 402 Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of disability in the elderly, leading to a high burden on caregivers and costs to society. This article describes the current level of data availability regarding the costs of AD in Europe, summarizes and compares findings from previous studies in different countries, and discusses the applicability of available data for modelling purposes. A literature review was conducted for papers in any language reporting data on costs of care for patients with diagnosed dementia or possible/probable AD. Only papers reporting patient-level data on costs were included. A total of 16 studies were identified: from the Nordic region (4), the UK (3), Spain (3), France (2), Italy (2), Belgium (1) and Germany (1). There is large variation in total cost estimates, depending on, for example, differences in study methodology, setting, type and severity of patients included, range of costs assessed and the choice of principle for valuing informal care. The median value for total annual care costs in all studies was h28 000 REVIEWARTICLE Pharmacoeconomics 2009; 27 (5): 391-403 1170-7690/09/0005-0391/$49.95/0Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of disability in the elderly, leading to a high burden on caregivers and costs to society. This article describes the current level of data availability regarding the costs of AD in Europe, summarizes and compares findings from previous studies in different countries, and discusses the applicability of available data for modelling purposes. A literature review was conducted for papers in any language reporting data on costs of care for patients with diagnosed dementia or possible/probable AD. Only papers reporting patient-level data on costs were included. A total of 16 studies were identified: from the Nordic region (4), the UK (3), Spain (3), France (2), Italy (2), Belgium (1) and Germany (1). There is large variation in total cost estimates, depending on, for example, differences in study methodology, setting, type and severity of patients included, range of costs assessed and the choice of principle for valuing informal care. The median value for total annual care costs in all studies was h28 000 REVIEWARTICLE Pharmacoeconomics 2009; 27 (5): 391-403 1170-7690/09/0005-0391/$49.95/0 a 2009 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved.
Unsmoothing Returns of Illiquid Assets

Funds that invest in illiquid assets report returns with spurious autocorrelation because their underlying assets trade infrequently. These returns need to be unsmoothed to properly measure risk exposures. We show that traditional unsmoothing techniques do not fully unsmooth the systematic component of returns, thereby understating risk exposures and overstating risk-adjusted performance. We then propose a novel return unsmoothing method to address this issue and apply it to hedge funds and commercial real estate funds. In doing so, we find a substantial improvement in the measurement of risk exposures and risk-adjusted performance. Furthermore, the improvement is greater for more illiquid funds. JEL Classification: G11, G12, G23.
International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research Research Article ANTI-OXIDANT POTENTIAL OF BAEL {AEGLE MARMELOS (L) CORR} FRUIT IN EXPERIMENTAL GASTRIC ULCERATED RAT

The present investigation of unripe fruit of A. marmelos was done to the study their antioxidant and free radical scavenger activity in experimental gastric ulcerated animals. The rats were given EtOH extract of herbal drug Aegle marmelos fruit extract (50 to 200 mg/kg) and control drug ranitidine (50 mg/kg) orally, twice daily for 5 days and on day 6 of experiment, 1 hour prior to subjecting the animal to stress or necrotizing concentration of respective irritants. Rats were then subjected to CRS in the absence and presence of cytoprotective irritant or herbal drugs. The fundic part of the stomach is homogenized (5%) in ice cold 0.9% saline with a Potter-Elvehjem glass homogenizer for 30 sec. the homogenate were centrifuged at 8,000 rpm for 10 min followed by centrifugation of the supernatant at 12000 rpm for 15 min in a sigma laboratory centrifuges 3K30 and the obtained mitochondrial fraction and further this fraction was used for the estimation of LPO product malondialdehyde. Further SOD and CAT was estimated. The study revealed that the 50% fruit extract dose dependently protected the oxidative stress and showed a tendency to decrease in volume acid-pepsin concentration and output. Reference drug rantidine a known cytoprotective agent has little effect on volume acid and pepsin concentration and acid output but showed a significant reduced in peptic output reduced LPO level and increase SOD and CAT level. The outcome indicate that the 50% ethanolic extract of A. marmelos fruit might have protected the rat tissues from ASP, PL, CRS and alcohol induced oxidative stress through anti-oxidant mechanism.
Overlooking Girls’ Wellbeing

Educating girls is advantageous for future livelihood security and socio economic development. Menstruating schoolgirls especially need to experience improved menstrual hygiene management (MHM) within schools in order to obtain quality education towards securing future as well as present wellbeing. This paper explores how menstruating schoolgirls’ opportunities are affected by insufficient water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities in schools within Sub-Saharan Africa. The required information has been gathered through a qualitative research method using scientifically based material on the situation of MHM in Sub-Saharan African schools as well as semi-structured questionnaires alongside my personal recollection of MHM. Focus has been given to the capabilities of menstruating schoolgirls under existing WASH facilities in schools analysed through the Capability Approach. Effects of poor MHM in schools are known to cause discomfort and poor constructive participation during lessons as well as decreased school attendance. A gender-based approach has also been examined which presents most schools as nonconducive towards girl’s education promotion.
Letter. Igneous Ca-rich pyroxene in comet 81P/Wild 2

Abstract The Stardust spacecraft successfully returned dust from comet 81P/Wild 2 to Earth in January 2006. Preliminary examination of the samples showed abundant crystalline silicates comparable to those found in chondritic meteorites presumably formed in the asteroid belt. Here, we report results of a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of a pyroxene-bearing terminal particle, which contains lamellar intergrowths of pigeonite and diopside on the (001) plane. This microstructure is typical for an igneous process and formation by exsolution during cooling. Width and wavelength of the lamellae indicate a cooling rate within the range 10-100 °C/h, in close agreement with those of chondrules or lava from an asteroidal igneous rock. This observation shows that some Stardust material experienced periods of igneous processing similar to material found in the inner early solar system. This implies that igneous materials were common materials in a large region of the protoplanetary disk and were not restricted to the asteroid belt. Their presence in comet Wild 2 also supports the favored view of large radial mixing from the inner to the outer regions before the comet’s accretion.
Development of Bring-Your-Own-Device Risk Management Model: A Case Study From a South African Organisation

In recent times, many organisations have difficulties to keep up with a frequent technology changes. On the other hand, their employees continue to bring their own devices in order to access organisational information systems and data. This phenomenon is also known as Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD). Although a number of studies have demonstrated that the introduction of BYOD commonly has a positive effect on organisation and employees (e.g. improved optimism, job satisfaction and productivity), this concept appears as still not well understood. This particularly refers to possible risks related to the introduction of BYOD in the organisations. Hence, the intention of this study is to explore potential risks of introducing BYOD in organisations and to propose a model for addressing these risks effectively. The study began with reviewing the pertinent literature that elicited a number of the BYOD related risks that can further be classified into five groups: implementational, technological, policy and regulation, human aspects and organisational concerns. This helped in the creation of the さBYOD ヴキゲニ マ;ミ;ェWマWミデ マラSWノざ ;ゲ デhe identified risks and the proposed model were consequently tested in a middle-sized South African IT organisation, deploying exploratory case study methodology. The empirical study has corroborated the literature review findings, hence confirming that the BYOD risks identified in the researched South African organisation do not differ from those reported in the reviewed literature. The contribution of this study is seen as twofold: academic and practical. Since there is a very limited BYOD literature in a South African setting, this study added to the contextual body of knowledge on the BYOD phenomenon in general, and in the area of understanding potential risks in particular. The study also provides guidelines for the decision-makers responsible for the introduction of BYOD practice in the organisation.
Optimizing Feed Intake: Access and Consumption

Dairy producers are continually challenged with ensuring adequate, consistent, and balanced nutrient intake in their cows to ensure good health, productivity, and efficiency of production. Total mixed ration (TMR) feeding systems are widely recognized as the optimal way to maximize intake and provide the consistent balance of nutrients that dairy cattle need. In theory, TMR are formulated so that producers are confident they are providing their dairy cattle a well-balanced diet. Unfortunately, the full potential of the formulated TMR is not always reached on every farm. We need to consider the TMR that is delivered to the cows, consumed by the cows, and digested by the cows.
Efficiency and Equality in the Labour Market

I review theoretical arguments suggesting that certain labour market institutions can be justified for economic efficiency reasons. In models with intrinsic market failures, "rigidities" like employment protection legislation and institutional wage compression may push the economy closer to the efficient frontier. I discuss recent empirical evidence on income inequality, poverty and income mobility in OECD countries, and I conclude that the welfare states of Northern Europe score relatively well on all counts. Finally, I discuss labour market reforms that may improve efficiency without violating European voters' preference for equality. (JEL H30, J30, J50)
Endogenous time preference: evidence from Australian households' behaviour

Recently, the focus has been increasingly on the importance of endogenous time preference and its varying degrees of marginal impatience. Two types of marginal impatience can change the representative household's endogenous discount function: increasing (Koopmans-Uzawa type) and decreasing (Becker-Mulligan type), which are induced by current consumption and the investment on future-oriented capital, respectively. By modifying the endogenous discount factor in a small-open-economy RBC model, the equilibrium levels of the turnover in future-oriented capital and current consumption are obtained in a reduced form, which overcomes the non- stationarity problem. The relation between current consumption and the turnover in future-oriented capital is consistent with the empirical evidence from Australia.
The Effect of Unfunded Pension Liabilities on State Borrowing Costs

My research examines the relationship between state liabilities, with a focus specifically on unfunded pension liabilities, and state borrowing costs. This study is also important for examining the market discipline hypothesis, which states that sovereign bonds’ default risk premium can be used to discipline irresponsible sovereign borrowers. My study provides some hope that financial markets are providing discipline to states that incur unfunded pension liabilities. Investors consistently price in these unfunded liabilities in risk spreads, and in my regressions, pricing in unfunded pension liabilities even appears to be more consistent than pricing in debt. The results in this study suggest that, at least during non-crisis times, investors are treating unfunded liabilities as they would any other state debt. However, my qualitative research of both unfunded pension liabilities and deficits suggest that there are reasons for caution as well. My analysis finds that only at a time when both these fiscal issues become dire do state governments feel the need to respond to these liability issues. The nonlinearity of the credit supply curve may not provide enough incentive to curb these borrowers in the pre-crisis phase and may provide a disciplining effect only during a crisis. If high unfunded pension liability or deficit states are forced to deal with their problems during a crisis, this may lead to massive pension benefit and expenditure cuts that could severely hurt the citizens in these states.