Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enteric Gastrointestinal Tract Opportunistic parasitic Infections of HIV/AIDS Patients in Limbe and its Environs South-West Region, Cameroon

The present cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract enteric opportunistic parasitic infections in human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients with or without diarrhoea in Limbe (Cameroon) and its environs. Parasitic infections of the intestinal tract are a major cause of disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), particularly in the tropics. Diarrhoea is also a common complaint among patients in the tropics and specific pathogens are being identified in more than half of human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients. These among others include: Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, Microsporidium spp. , Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica and Cyclospora cayetanensis. A total of 300 stool samples from 100 HIV-positive patients with treatment, 100 HIVpositive patients without treatment and 100 control samples from patients with or without diarrhoea were collected and examined for enteric parasites by microscopy using wet mount and acid staining techniques. Enteric parasites were detected in 53.7% of patients. Prevalence of 45.5% of Cyclospora cayetanensis and 46.8% of Cryptosporidium parvum were the least significant in patients with diarrhoea, while those without diarrhoea had prevalence of 54.5% and 53.2%, respectively (p<0.05). A total of 56.6% severely immunosuppressed patients with CD4 + T-cell counts less than 200 cells/μl were infected with Cryptosporidium parvum (p<0.05). Up to 80% patients not on anti-retroviral (ARV) therapy were infected with Strongyloides stercoralis, whilst 17.4% patients subjected to ARV therapy were infected with Microsporidium spp. It was concluded that enteric parasitic infections are common in HIV/AIDS patients with or without diarrhoea.
Non-seismic Constraints in Structurally Complex Regions*

Understanding structurally complex regions with a sole geophysical method can pose some challenges, especially, when coupled with extensive igneous activity. Fold belt areas which involve reactivation of basement with high angle faults, detachment folds, and out-ofsequence thin-skinned thrusts are difficult to image even with new seismic acquisition and processing techniques. The addition of non-seismic methods for exploration purposes have proven valuable in aiding interpretation, especially at deep basement levels. We present examples from structurally complex regions in Colorado and the Neuquén Basin, which combine the use of non-seismic techniques to help understand the hydrocarbon basin and its relationship with the basement. These examples integrate gravity and magnetic data with existing well and seismic data, as well as remote sensing data to help identify the shallow structure. An example from Colorado also includes airborne Electro-Magnetic (EM) data, along with ground Magnetotellurics (MT) data, which aid in identifying the overall basin architecture. The integration of these datasets are used to produce a series of 2D forward models, structural restorations are used as inputs where available, and 3D inversion models to help understand the structural complexities of the regions. This integrated interpretation approach, combining multi-physics and geological data analysis, provides a more robust understanding of the geology of a basin, especially in complex tectonic regions where seismic exploration can be challenging.
Fish-Mediated Alternative Life-History Strategies in the Dragonfly Epitheca cynosura

We investigated the potential impact of predation on life-history traits of aquatic insects by examining various factors affecting the voltinism pattern of Epitheca (Tetragoneuria) cynosura (Say) in Bays Mountain Lake, Sullivan County, Tennessee, USA. We observed the growth of individual Epitheca protected from competition and predation in small (0.03 m2) in situ enclosures. Approximately 70% of the larvae followed univoltine development; this contrasts sharply with earlier studies in Bays Mountain Lake where only 25% of emerging imagoes were thought to be univoltine. We also conducted a study of the diets of large sunfish to identify the predator with the greatest potential impact on Epitheca population densities. Redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) consumed large numbers of Epitheca during mid-July, and the dragonflies consumed were larger than expected based on size-distributions found in the lake. In fact, those eaten were often from sizes identified as potentially following univoltine development, suggesting that predation from large fish could reduce the success of the univoltine strategy. We also conducted an experiment in small (0.15 m2) in situ enclosures to examine competition between small sunfish and Epitheca. We found that while small sunfish had little influence on larval survival, larvae grew more slowly in their presence than in their absence. Thus small sunfish potentially hindered the ability of larvae to develop in a univoltine manner. Lastly, we conducted an experiment in large (24 m2) enclosures to test hypotheses generated by the studies above. Small sunfish produced a statistically significant reduction in the ratio of univoltine to semivoltine Epitheca larvae; and both large and small fish decreased the number of successfully emerging univoltine Epitheca. These studies show that in the absence of potentially deleterious biotic interactions, most Epitheca larvae in Bays Mountain Lake follow univoltine development; but competition and predation from sunfish result in lowered success of the univoltine strategy.
Entrepreneurs Skills for Creating and Managing IT Projects

This article we will analyze the concept of entrepreneurship and the importance of skills development for entrepreneurs to create and manage IT projects. The problem studied in this research was to identify skills for developing an IT culture of entrepreneurship and the main objective was to build a model of skills development for IT entrepreneurs. To accomplish this research it was developed a search of articles based on the keywords "entrepreneurship" and "skills of IT entrepreneurs”, the period being considered between 2010 and 2014. The goal was to identify personal skills (cognitive, social and relational skills, technical skills and management skills) and business skills (strategies adopted by the company, products and/or services, corporate image, and management systems: human resource management, financial management, marketing, among others, and the formal and informal structure of the company). The literature review was based on entrepreneurship studies with the goal to identify soft skills that entrepreneurs need to develop to create and manage IT projects and to identify emergent technologies given the current economic challenges in order to create awareness of the possibilities for promoting the entrepreneurial activity.
Empirical models for the spatial distribution of wildlife

Empirical models for spatial distribution of wildlife, given data from a complete census or a random sample of sites, are reviewed briefly. 2. The use of covariates, recorded at different resolutions, for modelling spatial distribution is explored. Presentation of model predictions in map form is discussed. A framework of models for change in spatial distribution, given data from successive surveys, is developed. Methods for quantifying and presenting precision and bias are described. The methods are illustrated for two bird species (green woodpecker Picus viridis and redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus) and for red deer Cervus elaphus, using data from north-east Scotland
Some endpoint inequalities for multilinear integral operators

Let T be the Calderón–Zygmund singular integral operator, the classical result by Coifman, Rochberg and Weiss (see [6]) states that the commutator [b, T ](f) = T (bf) − bT (f) (where b ∈ BMO(Rn)) is bounded on Lp(Rn) for 1 < p < ∞; Chanillo (see [1]) has proved a similar result when T was replaced by the fractional integral operator; in [9], the endpoint boundedness of the commutators was obtained. The main purpose of this paper is to establish the endpoint boundedness of some multilinear operators related to certain non-convolution type fractional singular integral operators. As an application, the endpoint boundedness of the multilinear operators related to the Calderón–Zygmund singular integral operator and fractional integral operator is obtained.
Does Online Search Improve the Match Quality of New Hires?

Abstract This paper studies the effects of the high-speed internet expansion on the match quality of new hires. We combine data on internet availability at the local level with German individual register and vacancy data. Results show that internet availability has no major impact on the stability of new matches and their wages. We confirm these findings using vacancy data, by explicitly comparing match outcomes of online and non-online recruits. Further results show that online recruiting not only raises the number of applicants and the share of unsuitable candidates per vacancy, but also induces employers to post more vacancies.
Does connectivity reduce gender gaps in off-farm employment? Evidence from 12 low- and middle-income countries

Gender gaps in labour force participation in developing countries persist despite income growth or structural change. We assess this persistence across economic geographies within countries, focusing on youth employment in off-farm wage jobs. We combine household survey data from 12 low- and middle-income countries in Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa with geospatial data on population density, and estimate simultaneous probit models of different activity choices across the rural-urban gradient. The gender gap increases with connectivity from rural to peri-urban areas, and disappears in high-density urban areas. In non-rural areas, child dependency does not constrain young women, and secondary education improves their access to off-farm employment. The gender gap persists for married young women independent of connectivity improvements, indicating social norm constraints. Marital status and child dependency are associated positively with male participation, and negatively with female participation; other factors such as education are show a positive association for both sexes. These results indicate entry points for policy.
MemeSem:A Multi-modal Framework for Sentimental Analysis of Meme via Transfer Learning

In the age of the internet, Memes have grown to be one of the hottest subjects on the internet. But despite their huge growth, there is not much attention given towards meme sentimental analysis. In this paper, we present MemeSem-a multimodal deep neural network framework for sentiment analysis of memes via transfer learning. Our proposed model utilizes VGG19 pre-trained on ImageNet dataset and BERT language model to learn the visual and textual feature of the meme and combine them together to make predictions. We have performed a comparative analysis of MemeSem model with various base-line models. For our experiment, we prepared a dataset consisting of 10,115 internet memes with three sentiment classes-(Positive, Negative and Neutral). Our proposed model outperforms the baseline multimodals and independent unimodals based on either images or text. On an average MemeSem outperform the unimodal and multi-modal baseline by 10.69% and 3.41%.
Random graph models in phylogenetics

Phylogenetics is the reconstruction and analysis of evolutionary trees (and networks) from data, and is widely used in biology and other branches of classification (e.g. linguistics). The leaves of these ‘species trees’ typically correspond to extant taxa (and, occasionally, earlier sampled fossils), while the interior vertices of the tree correspond to hypothesised ancestral species; branching events correspond to speciation events. The inference of species trees is generally carried out from ‘gene trees’. These describe how a gene sampled at the present from individuals of the given species traces back in time to a common ancestor. Phylogenetics is an area that has benefitted greatly from the application of mathematical techniques, particularly combinatorics and probability theory, and a mathematical foundation for this field has developed over the last 50 years [13]. Given a species tree, with branch lengths (the time between speciation events, combined with ancestral population sizes), the gene tree is a random process that is described by the multispecies coalescent model, an extension of Kingman’s celebrated coalescent model from populations to phylogenies [6]. This interplay between gene trees and species trees has been, and continues to be, a hot topic in phylogenetics, and has been
Review of Shape Retrieval Approach with Geometric Distortion

: In this paper we proposed efficient method for shape retrieval using Feature point extraction. It provides detail analysis of how system works for shape retrieval from the databases of countable number of shapes. The human visual system retrieves shapes from incomplete information in the real world, and it has inspired a lot of computational methods of retrieving shapes. In order to retrieve shapes, the observed shapes are decided to be alike or unlike remembered shapes in memory after the comparison of these shapes. To compare the observed and remembered shapes, they must be appropriately represented so that the points on each shape can be mapped and compared. For this reason, the shape retrieval process needs a appropriate shape representation and shape mapping methods. Moreover, the shape representations should be normalized before the mapping process. However, a normalization process for representations under unpredictable conditions has not yet been established. In this paper, we describe a shape retrieval method that enables us to retrieve shapes under unpredictable conditions with a suitable normalization process. Using curvature partition and angle-length profile, our shape retrieval method normalizes the shape representation before it does the mapping. As a result, unlike the previously proposed methods, it can be used under unpredictable conditions such as when occlusion, geometric distortion, and differences in image resolution occur simultaneously.
Frugivores of Poisonous Herbaceous Plants Arisaema spp. (Araceae) in the Southern Kanto District, Central Japan

Plants of the genus Arisaema (Araceae) are poisonous perennial herbs that produce an assemblage of fruits similar in appearance to peeled cobs of maize (sweetcorn). Since the ripe fruits are bright orange-red and very conspicuous, it has been believed that birds eat the fruits and disperse the seeds. However, although there are many species of Arisaema in Japan, there is no detailed information on their frugivores. We used automatic cameras to examine foraging on two species of Arisaema, A. limbatum and A. serratum, in secondary forests, mainly in Kanagawa Prefecture, southern Kanto District, central Japan. These species are very similar in appearance but their fruiting seasons differ: the former in midsummer, and the latter in autumn-winter. We discovered that for A. limbatum the Brown-eared Bulbul Hypsipetes amaurotis was an exclusively important frugivorous bird in the study area. However, for A. serratum, several species ̶ the Brown-eared Bulbul, Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus, Pale Thrush Turdus pallidus, Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii, Red-billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea, Scaly Thrush Zoothera dauma, Brown-headed Thrush T. chrysolaus and Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus ̶ ate the red fruits. Among them, the first four species were regarded as being major frugivores of A. serratum. Twelve mammal species were confirmed in close proximity to the fruits of Arisaema. We observed that the large Japanese field mouse Apodemus speciosus foraged the fruits of A. limbatus and ate seeds rather than the fleshy fruit pulp, and so appeared to be a seed predator rather than a seed disperser. No other mammals were observed taking the fruits of Arisaema.
Outcomes with Early Removal of Spica Cast, Following Open Reduction inDevelopmental Dysplastic Hips and Evaluation on NewFunctional Score System

Background: The purpose of this study is to elicit the outcomes of open reduction in developmental dysplastic hips, after a minimal duration of post-operative cast immobilization. The outcome measures included risk of re-subluxation, re-dislocation, stiffness and psycho-social impact with early mobilization. Methodology: This prospective cohort study includes Idiopathic, Developmental Dysplastic of Hips, in walking age group with Tonnis stage III and IV height of dislocation. The dislocated hips were reduced with an open reduction, release of soft tissue obstacles and correction of the structural abnormalities, by additional femoral and pelvis osteotomies. The outcome was measured with reference to duration of immobilization in cast spica for 6 and 7 weeks, recovery from stiffness and psycho-social impact. The study duration included from January 2017 to December 2019 with minimum follow up duration of 1 year. The clinic-radiological assessment was made with a newly designed Bhatti’s functional score system and Severin’s radiological classification. Results: The overall outcome is assessed by combination of Bhatti’s Functional score and Severin’s Radiological classification. The results with 6 and 7 weeks cast immobilization in 90 hips of 67 patients were found very encouraging. None of these patients developed re-subluxation during removal of spica cast and thereafter. Moreover, the patients achieved full range of motion very early, with a better mobility and weight bearing. The families were also found to have significantly better psychosocial impact of early cast removal. Conclusion: The outcome of this study favors, post-operative spica cast immobilization for 6 weeks being the best practice to achieve satisfactory results without significant risk of complications. The new functional score system found a better indicator to assess patient’s limitations and have significantly better psychosocial impact.
Modern Infectious Diseases: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Responses

We discuss and review literature on the macroeconomic effects of epidemics and pandemics since the late twentieth century. First, we cover the role of health in driving economic growth and well-being and discuss standard frameworks for assessing the economic burden of infectious diseases. Second, we sketch a general theoretical framework to evaluate the trade-offs policy makers must consider when addressing infectious diseases and their macroeconomic repercussions. In so doing, we emphasize the dependence of economic consequences on (i) disease characteristics; (ii) inequalities among individuals in terms of susceptibility, preferences, and income; and (iii) cross-country heterogeneities in terms of their institutional and macroeconomic environments. Third, we study pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical policies aimed at mitigating and preventing infectious diseases and their macroeconomic repercussions. Fourth, we discuss the health toll and economic impacts of five infectious diseases: HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, and COVID-19. Although major epidemics and pandemics can take an enormous human toll and impose a staggering economic burden, early and targeted health and economic policy interventions can often mitigate both to a substantial degree. (JEL E20, H50, I12, I14, I15, I18, J17)
How Do Firms That Are Changing the World Engage Politically?

The objective of this study is to contribute conceptually and empirically to the discussion about when firms attempt to align their political efforts with their social goals and how this alignment affects their financial performance, an area currently still under-explored. The empirical context for our analysis focuses on companies that have been singled out due to their efforts to emphasize “shared value” defined as integrating competitive and social policies. The specific research questions that we shed light on in this study include: What have been the types of political efforts that these firms singled out in the pursuit of their shared value goals? Or, stated slightly differently: What is the political capacity of firms who have embraced social goals as part of their competitive strategy? Relatedly, we ask whether shared-value firms are more likely to deploy their political efforts to promote their social values initiatives and whether political and social alignment boost a firm’s net income.
Breeding of Flammulina velutipes Strains Adaptable to Elevated-temperature

Winter mushroom, Flammulina velutipes, needs low temperature during its cultivation. To save on farm costs, especially during summer, a strain adaptable to a higher or elevated-temperature must be developed. At the start of breeding program, parental strains which could endure high temperature were obtained. Seuenty four dikaryotic strains were collected and divided into four groups according to the nature of temperature. They also had different fruiting temperature. Finally we selected three brown strains ASI 4048, 4057 and 4072, and collected their spores. These selected strains can germinate even at a high temperature of 32°C, which were dramatically higher than the other strains. Based on these results, the new white strain adapted to mid-temperature by backcross mating was developed. Molecular markers were applied to select white fruitbody producing strains without cultivation. They showed a specific band which co-segregated with brown fruitbody forming strains in BC1F1 progenies. Selected white strains were tested under several elevated temperature conditions.
Real Time Object Detection and Tracking

- Obstacle detection and tracking could also be an important research topic in computer vision with kind of practical applications. Though an ample amount of research has been exhausted this domain, implementing automatic obstacle detection and tracking in real-time remains an enormous challenge. To affect this issue, we propose a fast and robust obstacle detection and tracking approach by integrating an adaptive obstacle detection strategy within a Kalman filter framework during this paper. An appropriate salient object detection method autoinitializes the Kalman tracker for this purpose. Moreover, an adaptive obstacle detection strategy is proposed to refine things and boundary of the thing when the arrogance value of the tracker drops below a predefined threshold. Additionally, a reliable post-processing technique is implemented to accurately localize the obstacle from a saliency map recovered from the search region. The proposed approach has been extensively tested through quantitative and qualitative evaluations on sort of challenging datasets. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of tracking speed and accuracy.
Study claiming right-to-work in West Virginia will create job growth is fundamentally flawed | Economic Policy Institute

T he economic impact of so-called “right-towork” (RTW) laws has become a hotly contested issue in recent years. These laws restrict the ability of unions to collect dues from workers whose interests they represent. Advocates for these laws claim that RTW status can boost employment in a state, because, they argue, it will attract businesses with lower labor costs. Those opposed to RTW laws claim that by hamstringing the power of unions, these laws can lower workers’ wages, disproportionately so for lowand moderate-wage workers.