Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CD30/Ki-1-positive lymphoproliferative disorders of the skin--clinicopathologic correlation and statistical analysis of 86 cases: a multicentric study from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Cutaneous Lymphoma Project Group.

PURPOSE Recently, it has been shown that CD30 antigen expression is associated with a relatively favorable prognosis in primary cutaneous large-cell lymphomas (CLCLs). However, prognostic subsets within the CD30+ group have been difficult to identify due to lack of uniform clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic criteria, limited clinical information, and the inclusion of relatively few patients for statistical analysis in prior studies. To address these problems, we formed a multicentric study group of pathologists and dermatologists to classify and evaluate 92 cases of CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS An expert panel established consensus diagnoses for 86 CD30+ cutaneous lymphomas. Cases, clinically and histologically classified as lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), nonanaplastic lymphoma, and borderline histology between LyP and ALCL, were then analyzed statistically by univariate, multivariate, and Cox regression model analysis of potential prognostic features. RESULTS Spontaneous regression and age less than 60 years were associated with a favorable prognosis, while extracutaneous disease and age greater than 60 had a poor prognosis. Patients with LyP had the best prognosis, followed by those with primary CD30+ lymphomas, regardless of cytologic type (anaplastic or nonanaplastic). Borderline cases, morphologically indistinguishable from LyP and CD30+ ALCL, had a favorable prognosis, similar to LyP. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders comprise a spectrum of closely related skin lesions, which can be assigned a relatively favorable or unfavorable prognosis by a combined clinical and pathologic analysis.
The Porphyrias: A Brief Overview Based on 25 Years of Experience (1969–1994) by the Department of Dermatology of the Hospital Clinic and Faculty of Medicine of Barcelona, Spain

The porphyrias are uncommon diseases caused by enzymatic deficiencies in the heme pathway. In the 25 year period 1969–1994, the Department of Dermatology of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona has been able to study 793 cases of porphyria (724 cases of PCT, 27 of EPP, 26 of PV, 5 of CEP, 5 of HEP, 5 of AIP, 1 of HCP).
Cytoplasmic inheritance of parent–offspring cell structure in the clonal diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana

In cytoplasmic inheritance, structural states of a parent cell could be transmitted to offspring cells via two mechanisms. The first is referred to as the hangover of parent structure, where the structure itself remains and faithfully transmits within offspring cells; the second is structural inheritance, wherein the parent structure functions as a template for development of new offspring structure. We estimated to what extent the parent structure affects the development of offspring structure by structural inheritance, using a clone of the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana. The cell has two siliceous valves (a cell wall part at both cell poles): one is inherited from the parent and the other is newly formed. We estimated cytoplasmic heritability by comparing valve traits (central fultoportulae (CTFP), striae, central area, and cell diameter) of parent and new offspring valves, using single-cell isolation and valve labelling. Parent–offspring valve trait regressions showed that all traits, except CTFP, were significantly correlated. We formulated a quantitative genetic model considering the diatom inheritance system and revealed short-term rapid evolution compared with other inheritance systems. Diatom structural inheritance will have evolved to enable clonal populations to rapidly acquire and maintain suitable structures for temporal changes in environments and life-cycle stages.
How common are common fragile sites in humans: interindividual variation in the distribution of aphidicolin-induced fragile sites

To obtain an estimate of the variation in common fragile sites (CFSs) among individuals, aphidicolin (APC)-induced chromosomal breakage data were analyzed for 20 karyotypically normal adult humans. As it is specifically designed to meet the analytical requirements for considering fragile sites as presence/absence characters in single individuals, the FSM methodology (Böhm et al., 1995) was used to statistically distinguish fragile from nonfragile sites. These analyses indicated that the APC-induced fragile sites are not ubiquitous but vary extensively among individuals; the per-individual number of fragile sites ranged from as few as seven to as many as 20. Of the 45 different sites identified as fragile, 19 (42%) occurred in more than half of the individuals, but only two sites (3p14 and 16q23) were fragile in all of the individuals; 12 (27% of the total) were fragile in single individuals only. Although these analyses provide statistical confirmation (and initial estimates of population variation) for 43 of the 88 APC-inducible fragile sites currently recognized as occurring among humans, they are consistent with the hypothesis that many of the currently recognized human CFSs have been erroneously identified. These results indicate the need for per-individual statistical identification of CFSs for larger samples of individuals and that studies of particular fragile sites should be conducted on individuals documented to be fragile at the loci under consideration.
Managing the risks of therapeutic products: proceedings of a workshop

Traditional tools available to the Food and Drug Administration for managing known risks of therapeutic products (drugs, devices and biological products) have limited effectiveness. This report presents the recommendations of a multidisciplinary workshop focused on managing these risks. This is the last in a series of five workshops coordinated by the Centers for Education and Research on Therapeutics (CERTs) on assessing, communicating and managing the risks and benefits of therapeutic products. Workshop participants included experts from government, academia, industry and healthcare organizations, including consumers. Using a modified nominal group process, participants developed a consensus on principles that should govern future risk management (RM) programs, specifically: in order to protect the public health, risk management programs (RMPs) should be evidence‐based, science‐driven and patient‐focused. A plan to manage the risks of each new therapeutic product should be developed prior to its approval. Evaluation of both the processes and outcomes of RM is essential; these evaluations should be in the public domain. Participants also identified and prioritized research and policy gaps related to RM. Recommended research areas included determining the effectiveness of each element of RMPs, finding the best ways to inform healthcare consumers and determining the best way to present risk information in drug labeling. Policy questions included defining the criteria for requiring a RMP, determining the effect of privacy legislation on RMPs and determining how the continuum of risk across therapeutic products should be classified. As this workshop demonstrated, it is possible to develop a prioritized research and policy agenda to meet the needs of all constituencies. Collaboration across diverse government, academic, industry and constituency‐based organizations can lead to solutions for the perplexing problems involved in balancing the risks and benefits of therapeutic products. Patients deserve no less as we strive to protect their safety. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting Benzene Vapor Concentrations with a Near Field/Far Field Model

Published data on benzene vapor concentrations in work simulation settings were used to examine the predictive ability of a near field/far field vapor dispersion model with an exponentially decreasing vapor emission rate. A given simulation involved two 15-min periods of applying a known volume of benzene-containing liquid to equipment on a worktable in a room with a measured air exchange rate. Replicate personal breathing zone (15-min time-weighted average, TWA) and room area (1-hr TWA) air samples were collected. In our modeling, the benzene vapor concentration in the near field zone (at the worktable) represented the personal breathing zone exposure level, and the benzene vapor concentration in the far field zone represented the room area concentration. Across 10 simulation combinations of two factors (the mass of benzene applied and the room air exchange rate), the mean of the personal breathing zone exposure levels ranged from 0.2 to 9.9 mg m−3, and the mean of the room area concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 5.05 mg m−3. Our model provided reasonably accurate estimates of the measured benzene vapor concentrations. Linear regression of the mean measured personal breathing zone exposure versus the predicted near field concentration yielded slope = 0.93 and r 2 = 0.94; the null hypothesis that the true slope equals one was not rejected (p-value = 0.39). Linear regression of the mean measured room area concentration versus the predicted far field concentration yielded slope = 0.90 and r 2 = 0.94; the null hypothesis that the true slope equals one was not rejected (p-value = 0.20). Other statistical tests showed no significant differences between measured and predicted values. In addition, most predicted concentrations fell within an approximate range of one-half to twofold the respective measured concentrations.
Quantifying the predictive skill in long-range forecasting. Part II: Model error in coarse-grained Markov models with application to ocean-circulation regimes

AbstractAn information-theoretic framework is developed to assess the predictive skill and model error in imperfect climate models for long-range forecasting. Here, of key importance is a climate equilibrium consistency test for detecting false predictive skill, as well as an analogous criterion describing model error during relaxation to equilibrium. Climate equilibrium consistency enforces the requirement that long-range forecasting models should reproduce the climatology of prediction observables with high fidelity. If a model meets both climate consistency and the analogous criterion describing model error during relaxation to equilibrium, then relative entropy can be used as an unbiased superensemble measure of the model’s skill in long-range coarse-grained forecasts. As an application, the authors investigate the error in modeling regime transitions in a 1.5-layer ocean model as a Markov process and identify models that are strongly persistent but their predictive skill is false. The general techniq.
A Novel Method for Improving Productivity in Software Administration and Maintenance

After the initial development and deployment, keeping software applications and their execution environments up to date comes with some challenges. System administrators have no insight into the internals of the applications running on their infrastructure, thus if an update is available for the interpreter or for a library packaged separately on which an application depends, they do not know if the new release will bring some changes that will break parts of the application. It is up to the development team to assess the changes and to support the new version. Such tasks take time to accomplish. In this paper we propose an approach consisting of automatic analysis of the applications and automatic verification if the changes in a new version of a software dependency affect them. With this solution, system administrators will have an insight and will not depend on the developers of the applications in such situations, and the latter will be able to find out faster which is the impact of the new release on their applications.
Synthesis of Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus Ribonucleic Acid in BHK-21/13 Cells

Infection of baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21/13) with Saint Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus depressed the rate of protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis until viral RNA synthesis began 6 hr postinfection (PI). Virus-directed RNA synthesis was subsequently inhibited until 12 hr PI when virion maturation began. The rate of protein synthesis reached a peak 6 hr PI and was subsequently depressed until just before the onset of virion maturation. Density gradient analysis of phenol-extracted RNA from actinomycin-treated infected cells indicated that, at 6 to 8 hr and again at 12 to 20 hr PI, three species of viral-specific RNA were synthesized. The most rapid sedimenting form (43S) was ribonuclease-sensitive and had a base composition similar to the RNA isolated from mature virions. The 20S RNA species was ribonuclease-resistant and had a sedimentation coefficient and base composition similar to the replicative form associated with other arbovirus infections. The 26S RNA was ribonuclease-resistant (0.2 μg/ml, 0.1 m NaCl, 25 C, 30 min) and had a nucleotide base composition closer to the 20S form than to the values for 43S RNA. Five-minute pulse labeling of infected cultures during the period viral RNA synthesis was maximal resulted in labeling of only the 20S to 22S RNA fractions. With pulse-labeling periods of 10 min, both the 20S and 26S RNA species were radioactive. Periods of radioactive labeling of as long as 15 min were required before the 43S form was radioactively labeled. These results suggest that the 20S and 26S RNA may be intermediate forms in the synthesis of 43S viral RNA.
Accommodating Type 2 Diabetes in the Chinese American Family

In this interpretive study, the authors aimed to describe family responses to type 2 diabetes in Chinese Americans as reported by persons with diabetes (PWD) and spouses. Twenty participants representing 16 families completed multiple group interviews. The authors elicited positive and difficult diabetes care narratives and conducted narrative and thematic analysis of transcribed interview texts. Accommodation, the key family response, comprised the enactment of social concerns and practices to balance quality of life for individuals and families with quality of diabetes care. PWDs’ accommodation included negotiating disease disclosure, protecting the family’s meals, and maintaining ease in family relations despite diabetes symptoms. Accommodation by family members included developing shared diabetes care practices and indirect approaches to disagreements about diabetes management.
DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS BODIES AND AUTOANTIBODIES TO NONCUTANEOUS ORGANS AND MITOCHONDRIA IN DERMAT

Introduction: The precise nature of the previously described dermatitis herpetiformis bodies remains unknown. Aims: Our study was conducted to investigate the nature of dermatitis herpetiformis bodies in the skin in 7 cases of dermatitis herpetiformis, and to search for the presence of autoantibodies in other organs. Methods: We utilized clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic methods to evaluate these patients. Results: Dermatitis herpetiformis bodies were found to be comprised of an amalgamation of immunoglobulins A and M, as well as molecules reactive with antibodies to armadillo repeat gene deleted in velo-cardio-facial syndrome, desmoplakins 1 and 2, and plakophilin 4. In addition, we found immunologic colocalization with selected autoantibodies associated with mitochondria in the skin, heart, kidney, and peripheral nerves. The dermatitis herpetiformis bodies did not demonstrate immunologic colocalization with tissue/epidermal transglutaminase. Conclusions: The complete biochemical nature of dermatitis herpetiformis bodies requires further characterization. Dermatitis herpetiformis bodies in these patients appear to be distinctly different than cytoid bodies. Further studies are required to determine if the antibodies to noncutaneous organs are pathogenic, and/or contribute to systemic morbility in dermatitis herpetiformis patients.
Uncertainty, Resource Exploitation, and Conservation: Lessons from History.

Thereare currently many plans for sustainable use or sustainable development that are founded upon scientific information and consensus. Such ideas reflect ignorance of the history of resource exploitation and misunderstanding of the possibility of achieving scientific consensus concerning resources and the environment. Although there is considerable variation in detail, there is remarkable consistency in the history of resource exploitation: resources are inevitably overexploited, often to the point of collapse or extinction. We suggest that such consistency is due to the following common features: (i) Wealth or the prospect of wealth generates political and social power that is used to promote unlimited exploitation of resources. (ii) Scientific understanding and consensus is hampered by the lack of controls and replicates, so that each new problem involves learning about a new system. (iii) The complexity of the underlying biological and physical systems precludes a reductionist approach to management. Optimum levels of exploitation must be determined by trial and error. (iv) Large levels of natural variability mask the effects of overexploitation. Initial overex-ploitation is not detectable until it is severe and often irreversible. In such circumstances, assigning causes to past events is problematical, future events cannot be predicted, and even well-meaning attempts to exploit responsibly may lead to disastrous consequences. Legislation concerning the environment often requires environmental or economic impact assessment before action is taken, Such impact assessment is supposed to be based upon scientific consensus. For the reasons given above, such consensus is seldom achieved, even after collapse of the resource. For some years the concept of maximum sustained yield (MSY) guided efforts at fisheries management. There is now widespread agreement that this concept was unfortunate. Larkin (1) concluded that fisheries scientists have been unable to control the technique, distribution, and amount of fishing effort. The consequence has been the elimination of some substocks, such as herring, cod, ocean perch, salmon, and lake trout. He concluded that an MSY based upon the analysis of the historic statistics of a fishery is not attainable on a sustained basis. Support for Larkin's view is provided by a number of reviews of the history of fisheries (2). Few fisheries exhibit steady abundance (3). It is more appropriate to think of resources as managing humans than the converse: the larger and the more immediate are prospects for gain, the greater the political power that is used to facilitate unlimited exploitation. The classic illustrations are gold rushes. Where …
Fabrication of Transparent Arteriole Membrane Models

We made transparent arteriole membranous models by using grayscale lithography. We employed a sacrificial model made of WAX and PVA mixture as a novel molding material. Our goal is to complement previous surgical simulators for practice and rehearsal of medical treatments. Since block vessel models cannot recreate moderate compliance which is similar to that of the real blood vessel, here we propose fabrication method for transparent arteriole membranous model which has circular cross section smaller than 500 mum in diameter. Fabrication method of the model as well as evaluation result of the molding material is reported.
Glacial survival of the Norwegian lemming (Lemmus lemmus) in Scandinavia: inference from mitochondrial DNA variation

In order to evaluate the biogeographical hypothesis that the Norwegian lemming (Lemmus lemmus) survived the last glacial period in some Scandinavian refugia, we examined variation in the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial control region (402 base pairs (bp)) and the cytochrome b (cyt b) region (633 bp) in Norwegian and Siberian (Lemmus sibiricus) lemmings. The phylogenetic distinction and cyt b divergence estimate of 1.8% between the Norwegian and Siberian lemmings suggest that their separation pre–dated the last glaciation and imply that the Norwegian lemming is probably a relic of the Pleistocene populations from Western Europe. The star–like control region phylogeny and low mitochondrial DNA diversity in the Norwegian lemming indicate a reduction in its historical effective size followed by population expansion. The average estimate of post–bottleneck time (19–21kyr) is close to the last glacial maximum (18–22 kyr BP). Taking these findings and the fossil records into consideration, it seems likely that, after colonization of Scandinavia in the Late Pleistocene, the Norwegian lemming suffered a reduction in its population effective size and survived the last glacial maximum in some local Scandinavian refugia, as suggested by early biogeographical work.
Long non-coding RNA expression profiling in the lesional tissue and derived fibroblasts of keloid

Introduction Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a key role in various disorders. However, its role in keloid is still unclear. Aim We explored differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs between keloid tissue (KT)s and normal tissue (NT)s, as well as keloid fibroblast (KFB)s and normal fibroblast (NFB)s, respectively. Material and methods We use KTs and NTs from the chest of 5 patients, and 3 pairs of KFBs and NFBs, to perform microarray respectively. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were conducted by online software DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery). The validation of targeted lncRNAs were conducted by qRT-PCR in enlarged samples (79 KTs and 21 NTs). Results We identified 3680 DE-lncRNAs in tissue essay, and 1231 DE-lncRNAs in cell essay. Furthermore, we found that many lncRNAs and their relative mRNAs were regulated simultaneously in keloid. We identified that ENST00000439703 and uc003jox.1 were up-regulated in both of the above essays through comparing the results of lncRNA screening between tissue essay and cell essay; the results were confirmed through qRT-PCR in enlarged samples. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that numerous lncRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis and development of the keloid.
The many faeces of colorectal cancer screening embarrassment: preliminary psychometric development and links to screening outcome.

OBJECTIVES Although embarrassment may be among the most easily modified discrete emotional barriers to patients seeking health care or testing, work in the area of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been restricted by the absence of suitable instrumentation. The current report describes the development and validation of a self-report instrument assessing two specific aspects of CRC screening embarrassment and their links to screening outcomes. DESIGN Convenience sampling was used to recruit 245 European American, African-American, and immigrant Caribbean community-dwelling men and women (aged 45-75 years) living in Brooklyn, New York. METHODS Participants completed the measure of CRC screening embarrassment, an array of convergent and divergent validity measures including dispositional embarrassment, general medical embarrassment, neuroticism, trait emotion, social desirability, previous treatment avoidance because of embarrassment, relevant health characteristics, and a brief CRC screening history. RESULTS As expected, CRC screening embarrassment was not unidimensional and had two reliable and distinct components, one concentrated on faecal/rectal embarrassment and the other on embarrassment arising from unwanted intimacy during examinations. In addition to demonstrating patterns of convergent and divergent validity consistent with their separation, multivariate analyses indicated that faecal/rectal embarrassment (but not intimacy concerns) predicted CRC screening frequency. CONCLUSIONS The current report extends current understanding by identifying the specific sources of embarrassment that may contribute to patients' avoidance of CRC screening. Directions for future study and implications for clinical practice and interventions are discussed.