Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digraphs and Variable Degeneracy

Let $D$ be a digraph, let $p \geq 1$ be an integer, and let $f: V(D) \to \mathbb{N}_0^p$ be a vector function with $f=(f_1,f_2,\ldots,f_p)$. We say that $D$ has an $f$-partition if there is a partition $(D_1,D_2,\ldots,D_p)$ into induced subdigraphs of $D$ such that for all $i \in [1,p]$, the digraph $D_i$ is weakly $f_i$-degenerate, that is, in every non-empty subdigraph $D'$ of $D_i$ there is a vertex $v$ such that $\min\{d_{D'}^+(v), d_{D'}^-(v)\} < f_i(v)$. In this paper, we prove that the condition $f_1(v) + f_2(v) + \ldots + f_p(v) \geq \max \{d_D^+(v),d_D^-(v)\}$ for all $v \in V(D)$ is almost sufficient for the existence of an $f$-partition and give a full characterization of the bad pairs $(D,f)$. Moreover, we describe a polynomial time algorithm that (under the previous conditions) either verifies that $(D,f)$ is a bad pair or finds an $f$-partition. Among other applications, this leads to a generalization of Brooks' Theorem as well as the list-version of Brooks' Theorem for digraphs, where a coloring of digraph is a partition of the digraph into acyclic induced subdigraphs. We furthermore obtain a result bounding the $s$-degenerate chromatic number of a digraph in terms of the maximum of maximum in-degree and maximum out-degree.
Thermoelectric Applications of Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures with Acoustically Mismatched Boundaries

Abstract Thermoelectric applications of low-dimensional carbon nanostructures offer new ways to manipulate the electron and phonon properties of a given material. High-resolution Raman spectroscopy of ultra-thin silicon-on-insulator structures reveals multiple peaks in the spectral range from 50 cm−1 to 160 cm−1. The peak positions are consistent with the theoretical predictions and indicate the confined nature of phonon-transport in thin films and superlattices with a finite acoustic mismatch between layers. This opens up a novel turning capability for optimization of the thermoelectric properties of low-dimensional structures.
RELATIVE AGE EFFECT IN TOP LEVEL EUROPEAN SOCCER LEAGUES

The main objective of this study was to determine the existence of Relative Age Effect (RAE) across top level European soccer leagues. Birthdates from 5507 professional soccer players were collected. The collected data showed unequal distributions of birthdates with the over-representation of players born in first few months of the year and an under-representation of players born late in the year. There were significant differences between expected and observed frequencies for month and quarter distribution of birthdates. RAE remains problem for the large number of players born later in the selection year. Result maintain high on the importance list even in youth academies which ultimately favors players born in the first quarter or in the first half of the year. Consequently, there is potential for “talent loss” because of the extreme dropout of players born in the last quarter or in the second half of the year.
A Case Study and Literature Review: Adenocarcinoma of the Lung

We report case of a 48-year-old egyptian male patient with advanced lung cancer, who has been living for almost 9 years since the diagnosis. This is probably the first published case report of a patient with such long survival despite advanced disease. Current 5-year survival rate for this stage of lung cancers is 1-2%. Still, there are few treatment options to use. Our patient, diagnosed in 2007 (with adenocarcinoma in the right lung), was qualified to chemotherapy, because the tumor was inoperable. According to the prevalent at that time chemotherapy standards he received first and second line of treatment: cisplatin with gemcitabine and then docetaxel, respectively. After having had been detected next progression of the disease (after second line treatment, he was qualified for targeted therapy with erlotinib: a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), namely the inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). During this third-line regimen we achieved long-lasting stabilization of disease with minimal side effects. At the time of publishing this manuscript he is undergoing 73rd cycle of erlotinib, while living high-quality life.
Hydro-meteorological processes driving solute transport in Lake Victoria

ABSTRACT This study explores by a vertically integrated tracer transport model, hydro-meteorological event characteristics and their influence on solute transport. Changes in Hydro-meteorological processes and increasing frequency of extreme weather events are responsible for changing the lake water balance, influencing streamflow variations, and lake tracer transport. We compare historical data over a long time with model data from a vertically integrated model in COMSOL Multiphysics. We consider water balance, sources of data uncertainty, correlations, extreme rain and inflow years, and seasonal variations. The lake transport model has estimated soluble loading and transportation. The results showed there are strong correlations between tributary inflows and precipitation, and between lake outflow and water level. It was found that “events” influence lake level fluctuations. The solute transport was shown to vary more in wet periods. Modeled transportations were higher in Kenya and Uganda lake zones than in Tanzanian zones. The major inflow, from the Kagera river, appears to strongly influence lake solute transportation, so the composition of this river must be considered.
Prognostic Value of P63, Maspin, and MMP-2 Expression in Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Abstract Background: As one of the most malignant neoplasm of salivary glands, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) displays epithelial and myoepithelial differentiation. The myoepithelial cells seem to act as tumor-suppressor via their secretory properties. Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the prognostic significance of p63 (myoepithelial cell marker), maspin, and MMP-2 expression in samples of ACC. Methods: P63, maspin, and MMP-2 expression were examined immunohistochemically in 32 cases with ACC. The relationship between markers expression and clinicopathologic data was assessed, using non-parametric tests and t test. Results: P63 and maspin expression demonstrated inverse significant correlation with histologic grade, respectively (P = 0.045, P = 0.019). Indeed, association between P63 and maspin expression was observed (r = 0.588, P < 0.001). Correlation between tumor size and lymph node metastasis was also found (P = 0.016). Conclusions: According to the correlation of P63 and maspin expression with histologic grade, as a prognostic determinant of ACC, P63 and maspin can be useful markers for predicting biologic behavior of ACC, whichmaylead tonewtreatment modality in salivary gland tumors containing myoepithelial cell. Furthermore, tumor size can be considered as an indicator of lymph node metastasis.
What effect does participating in an assistance dog program have on the quality of life of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and their caregivers? A systematic review of current literature

The use of assistance dogs for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder is an emerging field, with interventions varying from formal assistance dog programs aimed at increasing child safety in public, to incorporating assistance dogs into therapy sessions. Previous reviews have suggested mostly positive outcomes from participating in such programs, however cited a lack of high quality studies available. This systematic review aims to answer the question: what effect does participating in an assistance dog program have on the quality of life of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and their caregivers? After analysis, ten studies were deemed to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were included in the review. Findings suggest that participating in various Autism assistance dog programs can: 1) increase child safety in public, which in turn decreases self-reported parental stress and increases self-reported parental confidence in managing their child; 2) increase positive behaviours and decrease negative behaviours; and 3) facilitate motor, communication and social development. However, disparities were found between studies, particularly between quantitative and qualitative results, and between the quality of the projects’ design. These factors indicate that further, high quality research is still needed to support emerging evidence.
Extended topology analysis of a detection mechanism implementation against Botnet Based DDoS flooding attack in SDN

EXTENDED TOPOLOGY ANALYSIS OF A DETECTION MECHANISM IMPLEMENTATION AGAINST BOTNET BASED DDOS FLOODING ATTACK IN SDN When SDN comes up as a new technology, while it also brings many benefits such as high availability, scalability and performance, it also brings us new vulnerabilities that is targeted by attackers. Botnet Based DDoS Flooding Attacks have been one of the major problems for service provider networks who encountered these repeatedly since the first DDoS came into existence in the early 2000’s. In this thesis, we mainly concentrate on the source-based detection approach against Botnet Based DDoS Flooding Attack by combining the strength of SDN and s-Flow-RT technology. The main purpose of this research is to detect Botnet Based DDoS Flooding Attack that can also be performed in distributed SDN environments by using a similar approach with an available detection mechanism which is not implemented previously on an extended network with more network elements in order to observe whether the obtained successful results on the small network are compatible with a result obtained on this research. This study also includes a detection application using previously studied detection approach based on statistical inference model. The detection application is tested on virtual environments by organizing a Botnet Based DDoS Flooding Attacks on a predefined source node and then test results show that the mechanism could effectively detect the attack.
The Effects of Schoolbags on the Health of Students Review Article

choolbags used by students has become the most popular means of carrying belongings to and from school all over the world. The aim of this study is to review the literature and to ascertain the recommended average weight of schoolbags in comparison to child Body Weight (BW), to describe the correct way of schoolbag carrying and to determine risk factors related to carriage of schoolbags in an attempt to suggest the alternatives to avoid or at least to reduce these drawbacks. The majority of reports indicated that schoolbag greater than the recommended weight (10% of student BW) for long period of time might affect the musculoskeletal alignment which will cause back pain, neck pain, and shoulder pain in addition to deformities in the stature. Recent literature focused on schoolbag weight, the manner and duration of carriage, the age and gender of the student which could affect the shoulders, cervical and thoraco-lumber spines of students. A general guideline of 10% BW was initially proposed by a Germans (Voll and Klimt) in 1977. Many of studies later on continued to recommend and emphasize that the schoolbag load should not exceed this limit. The best way to carry schoolbag is on both shoulders with well-padded straps and hip belts for proper distribution of the load. The duration of carriage is also an important factor influencing cervical and shoulder posture and could contribute to and maintain musculoskeletal symptoms. Student age was found to be significantly associated with developing musculoskeletal disorders, especially among adolescent children (11-14 years). Gender was another significant predictor with girls showing more symptoms than boys of similar age. Back pain is the most frequent musculoskeletal problem and shoulder pain was the second most common symptom among children. Preventive measures such as limiting carrying load and correcting way of carrying are multifaceted and need to be implemented in cooperation between different authorities including the students and their parents, the Ministry of Education and media in order to achieve these goals.
Generic Source Parameter Determination and Ground-Motion Prediction for Earthquake Early Warning

Currently available earthquake early warning systems employ region-specific empirical relations for magnitude determination and ground-motion prediction. Consequently, the setting up of such systems requires lengthy calibration and parameter tuning. This situation is most problematic in low seismicity and/or poorly instrumented regions, where the data available for inferring those empirical relations are scarce. To address this issue, a generic approach for real-time magnitude, stress drop, and ground-motion prediction is introduced that is based on the omega-squared model. This approach leads to the following approximate expressions for seismic moment: M0 ∝RT0:5D1:5 rms= V0:5 rms; and stress drop: Δτ∝RTArms= Vrms; in which R is the hypocentral distance; T is the data interval; and Drms, V rms, and Arms are the displacement, velocity, and acceleration root mean squares, respectively, which may be calculated in the time domain. The potential of these relations for early warning applications is demonstrated using a large composite data set that includes the two 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes. A quality parameter is introduced that identifies inconsistent earthquake magnitude and stress-drop estimates. Once initial estimates of the seismic moment and stress drop become available, the peak ground velocity and acceleration may be estimated in real time using the generic ground-motion prediction equation of Lior and Ziv (2018). The use of stress drop for ground-motion prediction is shown to be critical for strong ground accelerations. The main advantages of the generic approach with respect to the empirical approach are that it is readily implementable in any seismic region, allows for the easy update of magnitude, stress drop, and shaking intensity with time, and uses source parameter determination and peak ground motion predictions that are subject to the same model assumptions, thus constituting a self-consistent early warning method.
El trabajo con hombres desde una perspectiva de género: una asignatura pendiente en la intervención social

espanolEn el contexto de lo que viene denominando “crisis de la masculinidad”, se hace necesario plantear escenarios de cambio para los hombres que permitan la transformacion de las masculinidades en pro de la libertad identitaria, el desarrollo de las competencias y capacidades humanas, y la igualdad de genero. Al respecto, se presentan algunos datos que muestran el caracter limitante de la masculinidad hegemonica para los propios hombres, asi como la relacion existente entre una determinada forma de ejercer la masculinidad y toda una serie de potenciales riesgos sobre la salud no ya de las mujeres, sino de los propios hombres. Ademas, se ofrece un primer acercamiento a los posibles ambitos de intervencion social con hombres para la transformacion de las masculinidades. EuskaraArtikulu honetan, eskuartze sozialak ohiko lan-praktika gisara, eta era sistematiko batean, gizonekin lan egiteko premia agerian uzten du genero-ikuspegi bati jarraituta. “Maskulinotasunaren krisia” esaten zaionaren testuinguruan, gizonentzako aldaketa-egoerak planteatzea beharrezkoa da, maskulinitateak identitate-askatasunaren, giza gaitasunen eta gaitasunen garapenaren eta genero-berdintasunaren alde eraldatzeko. Horri dagokionez, maskulinotasun hegemonikoak gizonentzat duen izaera mugatzailea erakusteko datu batzuk aurkezten dira, baita maskulinotasuna gauzatzeko modu jakin baten eta emakumeen nahiz gizonen osasunaren gaineko arrisku potentzial guztien arteko erlazioa ere. Halaber, maskulinitateak eraldatzeko gizonekin gizartean eskuartzeko esparru posibleetara lehen hurbilketa bat eskaintzen da.
Altered macrophage phenotypes impair wound healing

One of the defining features of chronic wounds is their high levels of inflammation. Patients present with high levels of inflammation, around 80%, of cells at the wound margin being macrophages and with wound fluid laden with pro-inflammatory cytokines. The latter is in part responsible for preventing wound closure, along with the low levels of growth factors. In healthy acute wounds, two types of macrophages can be found: pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, with more M1 cells present early post-injury and M2 appearing later to regulate repair and wound closure. This pro-repair M2 phenotype, that secrete a range of mediators including growth factors that regulate re-vascularisation and closure of a wound, is lacking in chronic wounds, leading to excessive inflammation, enhanced degradation within the wound, reduced matrix deposition and lack of closure. This review will discuss the alterations seen in chronic wound macrophages, how this might affect the repair process and some potential reasons for their dysregulation.
An Ingestion of Industrial Strength Hydrogen Peroxide Resulting in Cerebral Embolism and Death

Hydrogen peroxide is a well-known remedy used in homeopathic medicine. Accidental ingestion can have a broad range of side effects depending upon the quantity and concentration of ingestion. Air emboli to the brain have been reported in very few case reports. We present an interesting case of accidental ingestion of 35% hydrogen peroxide resulted in ischemic stroke and seizures due to air embolism. Our patient was an elderly woman who accidentally drank industrial strength hydrogen peroxide thinking of water. Upon ingestion of approximately two tablespoons of hydrogen peroxide, she developed respiratory distress within few minutes. She was reported to have a frothy mouth and soon became unresponsive. EMS arrived and intubated her on her way to the hospital. A CT of the chest/abdomen/pelvis showed air in the heart, spleen, splenic and portal veins. A CT, MRI of head and EEG were performed to evaluate her altered mental status. She was treated with phenytoin, midazolam for seizure prophylaxis and hyperbaric oxygen for the air embolism without improvement. The family ultimately decided to transition to comfort measures only. This is a rare case of air embolism. About 20% of air-embolism occurs in contrast enhanced CT’s. Very rarely it can be because of hydrogen peroxide poisoning. Hydrogen peroxide has many common uses but has a great potential for misuse. Hyperbaric oxygen has a role in both limiting damage and enhancing recovery. This is the current standard of care as documented in previously reported case.
A New Network Intrusion Detection System based on Blockchain

With the increasing application of computers and networks, several network security problems have emerged, and thus network intrusion detection systems have become the focus of network security research. In order to achieve the purpose of intrusion detection and protection, the traditional network intrusion detection system extracts features from the data of the network data stream according to the feature recognition algorithm and compares the extracted features with those in the training set to recognize the behavior. However, if a user wants to effectively detect malicious behaviors in the network, a large feature library is needed, and it cannot be shared with other users, which makes the quality of single user detection lower than the highest detection quality of the whole network. Blockchain, which is a new network system of decentralization, de-trust, tamper-proof, anti-counterfeiting, and traceability, plays an important role in the transmission and sharing of high-value data. In this paper, a new network intrusion detection system is designed based on blockchain, which can enable users to share feature libraries over the whole network by means of P2P network transmission. Meanwhile, its network structure and consensus algorithm are presented, and its security and performance are analyzed. Analysis results show that this system has lower false negative rates.
Social and Emotional Learning as a Public Health Approach to Education

Summary:Evidence-based social and emotional learning (SEL) programs, when implemented effectively, lead to measurable and potentially long-lasting improvements in many areas of children's lives. In the short term, SEL programs can enhance children's confidence in themselves; increase their engagement in school, along with their test scores and grades; and reduce conduct problems while promoting desirable behaviors. In the long term, children with greater social-emotional competence are more likely to be ready for college, succeed in their careers, have positive relationships and better mental health, and become engaged citizens.Those benefits make SEL programs an ideal foundation for a public health approach to education—that is, an approach that seeks to improve the general population's wellbeing. In this article, Mark Greenberg, Celene Domitrovich, Roger Weissberg, and Joseph Durlak argue that SEL can support a public health approach to education for three reasons. First, schools are ideal sites for interventions with children. Second, school-based SEL programs can improve students' competence, enhance their academic achievement, and make them less likely to experience future behavioral and emotional problems. Third, evidence-based SEL interventions in all schools—that is, universal interventions—could substantially affect public health.The authors begin by defining social and emotional learning and summarizing research that shows why SEL is important for positive outcomes, both while students are in school and as they grow into adults. Then they describe what a public health approach to education would involve. In doing so, they present the prevention paradox—"a large number of people exposed to a small risk may generate many more cases [of an undesirable outcome] than a small number exposed to a high risk"—to explain why universal approaches that target an entire population are essential. Finally, they outline an effective, school-based public health approach to SEL that would maximize positive outcomes for our nation's children.
Development of a national-scale framework to characterise transfers of N, P and Escherichia coli from land to water

ABSTRACT A hydrological framework encompassing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and microbial (E. coli) transfer from land to water was developed to provide a consistent and rapid approach for assessing the potential impacts of land activity on water quality in New Zealand. A flow partition approach was used to route precipitation via surface and subsurface pathways from land to water. The framework included a typology-based inventory that estimates annual yields of transportable N and P from land, a regional-scale spatial layer that attenuates N in groundwater, and literature-based estimates of E. coli concentrations in surface runoff and artificial drainage. Application of the framework in four catchments highlighted the importance of local catchment knowledge of dominant hydrological processes that was needed to ensure flow partitions derived were a realistic representation of transport processes. While the approach was promising, additional refinements are needed to improve process representation (e.g. effects of groundwater lags) and ensure input data (e.g. soil attributes) have appropriate resolution to describe hydrological pathways. We contend that such a framework would provide a consistent and relatively rapid approach for identifying contaminant transfer pathways from land to water that can inform assessments of the potential consequences of land use change and intensification.