Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene to 1400/sup 0/, and the resulting selenotherm

The electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene from Bamle, Norway was measured in the (100), (010), and (001) directions to 1550/sup 0/C at 0.5 GPa (5 kb) in an Ar--CO/sub 2/--CO mixture. The resulting oxygen fugacity allowed orthopyroxene to be maintained within its stability field at this pressure to at least 1400/sup 0/C. Multiple measurements in each direction were reversible with no hysteresis to 1400/sup 0/C. At higher temperatures, electrical conductivity became time-dependent and irreversible, presumably due to phase transformation(s). Assuming that orthopyroxene is the dominant conductor in the moon, a selenotherm may be derived from these data and from the electrical conductivity vs depth observations of Apollo magnetometer experiments. This selenotherm approaches the solidus within about 150/sup 0/C at 400 to 600 km. These results agree with previous selenotherms based on extrapolated sigma data for pyroxene. (auth)
Clinical or Surgical Study of Warm-e-Mararah (Cholecystitis)

Cholecystitis is a medical condition where inflammation occurs in gallbladder. This condition can be associated with or without the presence of gallstones. Bacterial infection accounts for 50% to 85% of the disease's onset. Since there is a close relationship between the biliary system and the gut. In Unani system of medicine SBM and MDW, are compound formulation is effective in the treatment of Amraz-eJigar and may be useful in the treatment of Warm-eMarara also. So the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Unani Formulation on scientific parameters. This study was an open observational study, carried out on 40 patients. The test drug was given in the form of decoction with 7 gm Majoon Dabeedulward with 50 ml Sharbat Bazoori Motadil twice a day after meal for the period of 2 months. All the patients of were assessed fortnightly on subjective parameters (0, 15, 30 45 and 60 day) whereas objective parameters were assessed before and after the treatment. The outcome of intervention was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. The subjective parameters of pain in abdomen, nausea & vomiting, dyspepsia and loss of appetite were satisfactorily alleviated by the test drugs and all the findings found in USG and CT scan were also seen to subside within the protocol duration. The findings about the parameters suggest that the test drug was effective in Warm-e-Marara and the cure was substantial. It reduced the subjective parameters as well as the findings in USG and CT scan of the Warm-e-Marara patients.
A Mathematical Model of Campylobacter Dynamics Within a Broiler Flock

Globally, the bacterial genus Campylobacter is one of the leading causes of human gastroenteritis, with its primary route of infection being through poultry meat. Despite decades of study we appear to be no closer to preventing outbreaks within commercial chicken flocks, and the application of biosecurity measures is limited by a lack of understanding of the transmission dynamics within a flock. Our work is the first to undertake a mathematical modelling approach to Campylobacter population dynamics within a flock of broilers (chickens bred specifically for meat). A system of stochastic differential equations is used to investigate the diverse and fluctuating conditions within the gut of a broiler, and models the routes of infection between co-housed birds. The presented model provides mechanistic explanations for key infection dynamics that have been long-observed but very poorly understood. We highlight several driving mechanisms behind observed infection phenomena, simulate experimentally observed inter-strain competition, and present a promising approach to hypothesising new methods of preventing flock outbreaks. Author summary The bacteria Campylobacter is one of the most common causes of food poisoning globally. The most common route of infection is through raw chicken meat, as a result of many chicken farms across the world housing fully infected flocks. Despite the magnitude of this public health risk, little is understood of the specifics of how chickens become infected, and the ways that they then infect one another. Our work presents a mathematical model of Campylobacter transmission dynamics within a flock of chickens. We compare the results of the model to real world data sets, explore key dynamical behaviours, and present a sensitivity analysis to highlight the most important factors underpinning outbreaks.
Partitioning the genetic architecture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The genetic basis of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not well understood. Using large genome-wide association studies and validated tools to quantify genetic overlap, we systematically identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with ALS conditional on genetic data from 65 different traits and diseases from >3 million people. We found strong genetic enrichment between ALS and a number of disparate traits including frontotemporal dementia, coronary artery disease, C-reactive protein, celiac disease and memory function. Beyond C9ORF72, we detected novel genetic signal within numerous loci including GIPC1, ELMO1 and COL16A and confirmed previously reported variants, such as ATXN2, KIF5A, UNC13A and MOBP. We found that ALS variants form a small-world co-expression network characterized by highly inter-connected ‘hub’ genes. This network clustered into smaller sub-networks, each associated with a unique function. Altered gene expression of several sub-networks and hubs was over-represented in neuropathological samples from ALS patients and SOD1 G93A mice. Our collective findings indicate that the genetic architecture of ALS can be partitioned into distinct components where some genes are highly important for developing disease. These findings have implications for stratification and enrichment strategies for ALS clinical trials.
Use of IOT for Smart Security Management in Agriculture

- Agriculture can be considered as one main economic field in Sri Lanka, also it’s same for the other countries in the world. As with the increase of the population, the demand of the agriculture production is also increasing. Agriculture field face numerous difficulties, among them Agriculture security is the main issue affecting to it now a days. The main objective in this research paper is to introduce sophisticated methods to get accurate decisions combine with the modern technology to increase the security in agriculture areas and to enhance the agricultural productivity. Also, by using Internet of Things and develop the gadgets to detect the information related in the agricultural areas and give the efficient and effective solutions for smart security management in agriculture .
"May the activation of mast cells by IgG- food antigen complexes be the missing piece of irritable bowel syndrome puzzle?"

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders with multifactorial pathophysiology such as visceral hypersensitivity, intestinal dysmotility, brain-gut axis dysregulation, altered intestinal fluid secretion, impaired permeability, mucosal immune dysregulation, bacterial dysbiosis and psychological stress. Recent studies have suggested that activation of intestinal mast cells may play a role in many of these factors. On the other hand, from the beginning of this century, symptomatic improvements by elimination of foods with increased IgG antibodies have been reported in patients with IBS. These results may be explained by decreased activation of intestinal mast cells due to decreased IgG-food antigen immune complexes. Immune complex mediated mast cell activations occur when they bind to activating IgG receptors (FcγRs). If these antigens belong to some of the commonly consumed foods such as gluten-containing grains, bread yeast, cow’s milk and products, chicken egg or food additives like thickening agents, mast cell activations increase and may cause the disease to be treatment resistant. In this article, the role of increased IgG-food antigen complex dependent mast cell activation in the pathogenesis of IBS will be discussed.
Purification and Molecular Cloning of Cytotoxin Associated Gene (Caga) from Helicobacter Pylori Strains Isolated from Clinical Samples

Vaccines are usually developed basing on their attenuation or inactivation of the pathogens. Studies done so far in the field of molecular biology, genomics and proteomics have paved new ways in the vaccine production [1]. The novel use of therapeutic proteins produced due to rDNA technology not only aims at producing novel vaccines but also in targeting the immune responses against the protective antigens. Many of the expression systems have been tried in the production of therapeutic proteins. Live recombinant bacteria can be effectively modified and moreover has more adjuvant properties. DNA vaccines consist of non-replicating plasmids [2] which are found to induce long-term cellular responses through the immune system. They are largely used in the invitro or invivo systems and they depend on the knowledge of the mode of infection and the counter action by the immune response which is rendered by the host [3].
Apparent Accumulated Nitrogen Fertilizer Recovery in Long-Term Wheat–Maize Cropping Systems in China

Recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers has always been an important issue, especially for N fertilizer recommendation rate in cropping systems. Based on the equilibrium of N in the soil–plant system, apparent accumulated N fertilizer recovery (NREac) was determined for long-term (15-years) experiments in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) rotations at five field sites with various soils and climate characteristics in China. The result showed that the frequency of cropping and the content of soil clay affected NREac positively and negatively, respectively. In the absence of nutrient deficiencies and other soil constraints (from NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in S2-CP (site2-Changping) in Beijing, S3-ZZ (site3-Zhengzhou) in Henan province and S4-YL (site4-Yangling) in Shaanxi province), NREac had a narrow range from 70% to 78% with the highest average of 75% in wheat and maize cropping system. Meanwhile, the value 75% of NERac is a rational value proved by 3414 experiments. Additionally, the nitrate-N approach suggested that nitrate-N could be utilized by subsequent crops, the amount of which is calculated by the equation −1.23 × [(NO3−-N) − 87]. Furthermore, another simpler and feasible method was proposed to maintain basic soil fertility while achieving a rational grain yield and maintaining a safe environmental upper threshold of nitrate. The present study provided a suit of methods for N fertilizer recommendations for the optimization of N applications in wheat and maize cropping system in China.
Genetic architecture studies of yield and its components in castor

Generation mean analysis implies to study genetics of seed yield and its components in castor (Ricinus communis L.) through generation mean analysis. The additive-dominance model was found adequate for days to maturity of primary spikes in cross I (AKC-1 x RG550), effective length of primary spikes in cross II (48-1 x RG550) and effective length of secondary spikes and number of secondary spikes in cross III (Aruna x RG550). Either dominance gene action or both additive and dominance gene actions were observed to be significant indicating the role of non additive component in the inheritance of most of the characters studied while only additive gene action along with epistatic interaction components were noted for effective length of secondary spikes in the cross I (AKC-1 x RG550) and number of capsules on primary spikes in the cross III (Aruna x RG550).
APP-induced patterned neurodegeneration exacerbated by APOE4 in C. elegans

Genetic and epidemiological studies have found that variations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the apoliopoprotein E (APOE) genes represent major modifiers of the progressive neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An extra copy or gain-of-function mutations in APP lower age of AD onset. Compared to the other isoforms (APOE3 and APOE2), the ε4 allele of APOE (APOE4) hastens and exacerbates early and late onset forms of AD. Convenient in vivo models to study how APP and APOE4 interact at the cellular and molecular level to influence neurodegeneration are lacking. Here, we show that the nematode C. elegans can model important aspects of AD including age-related, patterned neurodegeneration that is exacerbated by APOE4. Specifically, we found that APOE4, but not APOE3, acts with APP to hasten and expand the pattern of cholinergic neurodegeneration caused by APP. Molecular mechanisms underlying how APP and APOE4 synergize to kill some neurons while leaving others unaffected may be uncovered using this convenient worm model of neurodegeneration.
Viscosity Index for Oil Used as Biodegradable Lubricant

Objectives: To study the viscosity index for oil used as biodegradable lubricant using tree methods. Methods: Viscosity index for oil used as biodegradable lubricant (coconut oil, soybean oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil) was determined using a set of Schott Ubbelohde-type viscometers selected according to the values of their constants, so that the margins of the uncertainty, inherent in the Hagebach–Couette correction, does not exceed the error allowed for the measurements. The measurements were carried out at 40 ± 0.1 and 100 ± 0.1 °C, according to the recommendation of ASTM D2270. Findings: The viscosity index of soybean oil is the highest and the viscosity index of rapeseed oil is the lowest. The viscosity index determined with the calculator for coconut oil is one unit higher than that obtained by the formula (1). The viscosity index of corn oil determined with relation (1) is 151, and the one determined by computer is 25 units higher. The viscosity index of rapeseed determined with relation (1) is 143, and the one determined with the computer program is 23 units higher. The viscosity index determined for soybean oil determined using the program has a negative value. The viscosity oils used as biodegradable lubricant were determined using tree methods: ASTM D 2270 and method graphically using ASTM D 341. Viscosity index calculation was performed with a computer program using kinematic viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C. The viscosity-temperature coefficient for oils used as biodegradable lubricant can vary by a factor of 10 depending on the temperature. The viscosity of oil oils used as biodegradable lubricant is dependent upon temperature. Viscosity decreases as temperature increases because the molecules vibrate more, and interact less. Application: The three methods for determining the viscosity index can be applied both to vegetable oils used as biodegradable lubricants and to oils of SAE class. The term biodegradable lubricant includes a wide range of lubricants, such as: vegetable oils; hydrogenated vegetable oils; vegetable oils with high oleic acid content; synthetic esters produced from vegetable oils. Keywords: Viscosity Index, Viscosity-Temperature Coefficient.
Structural analysis of recorded music

Structural analysis of music is one sub field of music information retrieval. The objective of structural analysis of music is to segment the audio into musically meaningful temporal segments. Finding relations between those different segments is also of interest when analysing structure. Using these relations – especially similarities – between different segments can be utilised to try to improve other music information retrieval algorithms. The objective of this thesis is to take a look into some of the state of the art methods for music structure analysis and find out if automatic chord transcription can be improved using these methods. In total, three different methods are examined and different strategies for chord transcription improvement are introduced. The results of this thesis indicate that the structure of music can be automatically analysed to an extent but not at the level of a human expert. The results also show that it is very difficult to improve current state of the art automatic chord transcription using information from a structural analysis algorithm. A more robust and granular structural analysis algorithm could in theory provide improvements to automatic chord transcription.
Caractérisation d’une nouvelle protéine associée aux microtubules, SL21

Dans les neurones, la stabilite des microtubules est induite par leur association avec deux proteines associees aux micotubules, les proteines E- et N-STOP (Early and adult neuronal Stable Tubule Only Polypeptide). L'invalidation du gene stop chez la souris entraine des defauts de la transmission synaptique associee a une reduction du nombre de vesicules synaptiques. Les neurones matures contiennent egalement une proteine apparentee a la proteine N-STOP, la proteine SL21 (STOP like protein of 21 kDa) qui possede deux zones homologues aux proteines STOPs : un domaine homologue au domaine de liaison et de stabilisation des microtubules et une region de 35 acides amines situee a l'extremite amino-terminale. Cette proteine se localise a la fois au niveau de l'appareil de Golgi et des microtubules. La premiere partie de ce travail est consacree a la caracterisation fonctionnelle du domaine amino-terminal. Il contient 3 residus cysteines en position 5, 10 et 11 qui peuvent etre palmitoylee (modification permettant l'association des proteines aux membranes). Nous avons montre que les cysteines 5 et 11 de SL21 sont palmitoylables mais que seule la cysteine 5 est suffisante et necessaire pour localiser SL21 au niveau de l'appareil de Golgi. Nous avons egalement mis en evidence que la proteine STOP, en plus d'etre localisee aux microtubules, s'associe egalement au Golgi par l'intermediaire de son domaine amino-terminal homologue a SL21 et qu'elle est aussi palmitoylable. Dans la deuxieme partie de ce travail, pour mieux comprendre la fonction de SL21, nous nous sommes interessees aux partenaires de SL21. Un criblage cible en Double-Hybride, utilisant comme proteines cibles des proteines connues comme etant des partenaires de STOP, a ete realise au laboratoire. Trois partenaires potentiels ont ete mis en evidence : la proteine Tctex1, une des chaines legere du moteur moleculaire dyneine. Nous avons confirme l'interaction de ces proteines avec SL21 par co-immunoprecipitation apres surexpression dans les cellules et aussi, a partir d'un extrait de cerveau pour l'interaction de SL21 et de STOP. Nous avons egalement determine leur site d'interaction au niveau de SL21. La proteine Tctex1 interagit avec SL21 au niveau de son module de liaison aux microtubules, le site de multimerisation de SL21 se localise au niveau du domaine amino-terminal, pouvant impliquer la palmitoylation de ces proteines. L'ensemble de ces resultats permet d'envisager un role des proteines STOPs au niveau de la regulation de la relation microtubule-membrane des vesicules synaptique au sein de la synapse
Design Elements of Listeria Environmental Monitoring Programs in Food Processing Facilities: A Scoping Review of Research and Guidance Materials.

Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), the causative agent of listeriosis, in food processing facilities presents considerable challenges to food producers and food safety authorities. Design of an effective, risk-based environmental monitoring (EM) program is essential for finding and eliminating Lm from the processing environment to prevent product contamination. A scoping review was conducted to collate and synthesize available research and guidance materials on Listeria EM in food processing facilities. An exhaustive search was performed to identify all available research, industry and regulatory documents, and search results were screened for relevance based on eligibility criteria. After screening, 198 references were subjected to an in-depth review and categorized according to objectives for conducting Listeria sampling in food processing facilities and food sector. Mapping of the literature revealed research and guidance gaps by food sector, as fresh produce was the focus in only 10 references, compared to 72 on meat, 52 on fish and seafood, and 50 on dairy. Review of reported practices and guidance highlighted key design elements of EM, including the number, location, timing and frequency of sampling, as well as methods of detection and confirmation, and record-keeping. While utilization of molecular subtyping methods is a trend that will continue to advance understanding of Listeria contamination risks, improved study design and reporting standards by researchers will be essential to assist the food industry optimize their EM design and decision-making. The comprehensive collection of documents identified and synthesized in this review aids continued efforts to minimize the risk of Lm contaminated foods.
Treatability of carcinogenic and other hazardous organic compounds

The treatability of carcinogenic and other hazardous organic compounds with an activated-sludge system, with activated-carbon absorption, and with ozone oxidation was studied with napthalene, 1,1-diphenylhydrazine, US -naphthylamine, 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline), and dimethylnitrosamine. All compounds could be treated with a continous-flow activated-sludge system. Ozone and activated carbon treatment were effective for all compounds except dimethylnitrosamine.
Sediment-associated microbial community profiling: sample pre-processing through sequential membrane filtration for 16s rDNA amplicon sequencing

Sequential membrane filtration as a pre-processing step for the isolation of microorganisms could provide good quality and integrity DNA that can be preserved and kept at ambient temperatures before community profiling through culture-independent molecular techniques, e.g., 16s rDNA amplicon sequencing. Here, we assessed the impact of pre-processing sediment samples by sequential membrane filtration (from 10, 5 to 0.22 μm pore size membrane filters) for 16s rDNA-based community profiling of sediment-associated microorganisms. Specifically, we examined if there would be method-driven differences between non- and pre-processed sediment samples regarding the quality and quantity of extracted DNA, PCR amplicon, resulting high-throughput sequencing reads, microbial diversity, and community composition. We found no significant difference in the quality and quantity of extracted DNA and PCR amplicons between the two methods. Although we found a significant difference in raw and quality-filtered reads, read abundance after bioinformatics processing (i.e., denoising and the chimeric-read filtering steps) were not significantly different. These results suggest that read abundance after these read processing steps were not influenced by sediment processing or lack thereof. Although the non- and pre-processed sediment samples had more unique than shared amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), we report that their shared ASVs accounted for 74% of both methods’ absolute read abundance. More so at the genus level, the final collection filter identified most of the genera (95% of the reads) captured from the non-processed samples, with a total of 51 false-negative (2%) and 59 false-positive genera (3%). Accordingly, the diversity estimates and community composition were not significantly different between the non- and pre-processed samples. We demonstrate that while there were differences in shared and unique taxa, both methods revealed comparable microbial diversity and community composition. We also suggest the inclusion of sequential filters (i.e., pre- and mid-filters) in the community profiling, given the additional taxa not detected from the non-processed and the final collection filter. Our observations highlight the feasibility of pre-processing sediment samples for community analysis and the need to further assess sampling strategies to help conceptualize appropriate study designs for sediment-associated microbial community profiling.