Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Poultry Litter Application Rate and Rainfall Intensity on Quality of Runoff from Fescuegrass Plots

A 4×2 factorial experiment with three replications was conducted to determine how quality of runoff from grassed areas treated with poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) litter is impacted by litter application rate and rainfall intensity for storms occurring 1 d after application. Poultry litter was applied at 0, 218, 435, and 870 kg N ha -1 to plots established with fescuegrass (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) on a Captina silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Fragiudult). Simulated rainfall was applied 24 h after litter application at 5 and 10 cm h -1 until runoff had occurred for a duration of 0.5 h.
Aromatization of 1,4-dihydropyridines with selenium dioxide

1,4-Dihydropyridines were aromatized to corresponding pyridines using stoichiometric selenium dioxide at ambient temperature in a yield of 87%~98%. Key words: 1,4-dihydropyridines, aromatization, oxidation, pyridine derivatives, selenium dioxide.
Seasonal characteristics of future climate change over Japan and the associated atmospheric circulation anomalies in global model experiments

: Information on future climate change considering regional characteristics is necessary to establish adaptation strategies for global warming. We investigated the seasonal characteristics of future climate projections over Japan and surroundings (JPN) in the late 21st century, focusing espe‐ cially on the source of uncertainty, based on two ensembles of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and the Meteorological Research Institute atmo‐ spheric general circulation model (MRI-AGCM) global warming simulations. The ensemble mean surface air tem‐ perature increase over JPN is lower than that over the East Asian land region (EAS), reflecting the continent–ocean contrast, whereas quantitative changes in future precipita‐ tion depend on the ensembles. The CMIP5 mean atmo‐ spheric circulation around JPN weakens in winter and sum‐ mer, while the future seasonal march tends to be delayed in the northern part of JPN during spring and autumn. Signifi‐ cant CMIP5 inter-model correlations are detected between the JPN climate projections and future circulation anoma‐ lies − e.g. the ensemble members simulating the westerly/ southeasterly wind anomaly tend to project hotter/wetter future summers. The high-resolution MRI-AGCM projec‐ tion is consistent with the CMIP5 inter-model correlations when the future change in typhoon–associated precipitation is removed, indicating typhoon simulations can substan‐ tially influence future projections.
Model-Based Predictive Rotor Current Control Strategy for Indirect Power Control of a DFIM Driven by an Indirect Matrix Converter

This paper presents a new control strategy using model-based predictive current control (MB-PCC) for a doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) driven by an indirect matrix converter (IMC). This strategy proposes the control of rotor currents, whose references are calculated from active and reactive stator power set points and the dynamic model of the DFIM. The control strategy works well in the four P-Q operating regions of the DFIM. The grid synchronization process is carried out by setting the P-Q power set points to zero. The results include the DFIM synchronization procedure as well as the active and reactive power control at variable shaft speed to validate the feasibility of the proposed strategy.
In Situ Hilbert-Transform Spectral Analysis of Pulsed Terahertz Radiation of Quantum Cascade Lasers by High-Tc Josephson Junctions

We have studied the applicability of high-<italic>T<sub>c</sub></italic> Josephson junctions (JJs) and Hilbert-transform spectral analysis (HTSA) for characterization of pulsed terahertz (THz) radiation. We have reconsidered the extension of HTSA into the THz range, including an impact of such emerging factors as nonequilibrium voltage fluctuations and dc Joule heating in high-<italic>T<sub>c</sub></italic> JJs, and found an unexpected weak temperature dependence of Josephson linewidth <italic>δf</italic> and a spectral dependence <italic>δf(f)</italic> with a minimum. Due to this analysis, we have chosen YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> bicrystal JJs for experimental study. The JJs have analyzed pulsed THz radiation from quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) located in the same cryogenic environment at 50 K. The spectra recovered by the JJ with <italic>R<sub>n</sub></italic> = 43 Ω consist of a line with a central frequency around 2.2 THz, which have a symmetrical form and the linewidth of 90 GHz close to the intrinsic Josephson linewidth of this JJ. The spectra measured by the JJ with <italic>R<sub>n</sub></italic> = 7 Ω and the intrinsic Josephson linewidth of 16 GHz consist of several lines at the frequencies <italic>f<sub>i</sub></italic> around 2.2 THz, which are due to the excitation of different resonant modes in the active volume of the QCL. The difference between the fitted central frequencies <italic>f</italic><sub>2</sub> - <italic>f</italic><sub>1</sub> of the strong lines and the ratio of their intensities are in agreement with the spectrum of the same QCL measured by Fourier spectroscopy. The developed technique paves the way for detailed and rapid characterization of pulsed THz sources in the frequency domain.
SALT TOXICITY IN A NATURAL HABITAT INDUCES STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MODIFICATIONS AND MODULATE METABOLISM IN BERMUDA GRASS (CYNODON DACTYLON [L.] PERS.) ECOTYPES

We investigated salt toxicity effects and related physiological as well as anatomical changes for adaptation in Cynodon dactylon. Eleven ecotypes from different areas of Pakistan were examined for their survival capacity in a controlled environment. The experiment was designed in a two factor Completely Randomized Design (ecotypes and 4 salt levels 0, 100, 200, 300 mM NaCl). Differently adaptive populations displayed specific structural and functional adaptations with respect to photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments to withstand salinity. The ecotypes from saline and waterlogged areas exhibited higher Photosynthetic rate to same level of increase in salinity level. Transpiration rate of all ecotypes showed variations with different salinity levels and stomatal conductance increased in all ecotypes with increasing salinity. Similarly, all ecotypes responded significantly as far as chlorophyll contents were concerned. Most ecotypes consistently showed high leaf blade thickness and sclerenchyma thickness with elevated salinity except for plants collected from saline, waterlogged and salt affected wasteland. Different salt levels decreased the metaxylem cell area while phloem area increased in the ecotypes correspondingly. Cynodon ecotypes possessed low abaxial stomatal density at 300 mM salinity. Overall, physiological and anatomical adaptations to saline environments appeared very specific in grasses and supported life cycle under salt stress.
Characterisation of the α‐(1→3) Homopolymer of L‐glycero‐D‐manno‐Heptose Units Isolated from the O‐Chain Polysaccharide of Agrobacterium radiobacter

This paper provides the first report of the molecular primary structure of the O-chain produced from A. radiobacter group M2−1. The repeating unit was determined, by means of chemical and spectroscopical analyses, to have the following structure: [3)-α-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose-(1]n. The relevant feature of this structure is represented by the particular residue involved: L-glycero-D-manno-heptose. This monosaccharide is almost ubiquitous in Gram-negative bacteria, but it is exclusively located in the Core region and only in one other case has it is reported as an O-chain constituent. The knowledge of the chemical structure of the O-chain of A. radiobacter will be useful for comprehending the bacterium-host recognition mechanism at the molecular level. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Future-proofing the plastics value chain in Southern Africa

Plastics are ubiquitous across the region and play an important role in multiple industries. Most plastic products are based on a value chain that is grounded in petroleum refining, posing an environmental challenge. Plastic manufacturing in South Africa suffers from the high cost of polymers as inputs. Mozambique is endowed with large natural gas deposits.
Simulation and Implementation of a Wheel-Type System Architecture Using Modular Robotics

This article presents development, simulation and implementation of a wheel-type architecture implemented using the MECABOT 4.0 modular robotic system previously designed at Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (Bogota – Colombia). The main purpose of this work is to simulate (using Webots software and the C language) and implement a wheel-type configuration using eight modular robots, which will be able to offer a fast movement in a straight line from one place to another in an environment free of obstacles, and highlight the advantages that these systems bring such as: versatility in maintenance, transport and use in the various applications that require it. Functionality, stability, and speed of locomotion are evaluated through a comparative analysis between simulation and implementation results, from which a series of improvements are suggested in order to enhance speed and locomotion stability in future system versions. It was compared and analyzed positive and negative aspects of acceleration and step frequency changes for wheel-type configuration from speed as a performance indicator for the modular robotic system Mecabot 4.0.
A new model of a molecule based on the soft body

The basic idea of the deformable or soft-body model of a molecule, which starts from a new definition of the reference configuration, is presented. It is shown that this model introduces into the Hamiltonian a new part that describes deformation energy of a molecule brought about by its rotation. This part leads to nonlinear terms, whose numerical values were compared with the semiempirical approach
Content Creation in Later Life

In increasingly digitalised societies, government initiatives to ensure that public services remain accessible for everyone typically focus on the digital inclusion of older adults. However, by solely viewing older adults as passive recipients or consumers of services, digital inclusion strategies under-emphasise the concept of digital participation. Highlighting the importance of older adults as active contributors in a digital society, we investigated the potential of content creation to increase older adults' digital skills whilst also strengthening their digital participation. Through a workshop and interviews involving three different groups of older content producers, we show that content creation can stimulate older adults' digital participation. We report on challenges faced by the content creators, including time constraints, lack of professional support and the preference to create content collaboratively. We propose that by facilitating collaborative content creation activities, local communities can better support older adults' digital participation and facilitate inclusion across different life domains.
Towards a better early detection and rapid response system against invasive alien species in forests

Maarten de Groot1,*, Jana Kus Veenvliet2, Nikica Ogris1, Aleksander Marinšek1 and Lado Kutnar1 1Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2Zavod Symbiosis, so. p., Metulje 9, 1385 Nova Vas, Slovenia Author e-mails: maarten.degroot@gozdis.si (MDG), jana.kus@zavod-symbiosis.si (JKV), nikica.ogris@gozdis.si (NO), aleksander.marinsek@gozdis.si (AM), lado.kutnar@gozdis.si (LK) *Corresponding author
Lung ultrasound in critical care. clinical application

Lung ultrasound has had a great development in the critical patient management in the last decade it is a safe, non-invasive and radiation-free tool that allows examining the patient at the bedside without the need for transfer The last characteristic is particularly beneficial in patients with hypoxemia, hemody-namic instability and with high-risk of nosocomial contamination, as currently occurs in the pandemic caused by the outbreak of the new coronavirus 2019 disease (COviD-19) Lung ultrasound can be used to assess lung aeration in the patient under mechanical ventilation, evaluating the response to different strategies, personalizing lung recruitment maneuvers, and guiding the weaning process This review describes the basic principles of lung ultrasound to obtain the images and interpret them Lung ultrasound provides anesthesiologists, intensivists and respiratory therapists a safe and reliable tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of the main pulmonary diseases in the critical ill patient © 2020 Sociedad de Anestesiologia de Chile All rights reserved
Rheological properties of chiral liquid crystals possessing a cholesteric–smectic A transition

We have measured the rheological properties of two cholesterol derivatives (cholesteryl myristate and cholesteryl nonanoate) in the vicinity of their cholesteric–smecticA transitions. The results for the two compounds differ qualitatively, and are in agreement with results based on optical observations of new defects in cholesteryl nonanoate showing that this material, traditionally considered as a typical cholesteric, in fact exhibits a TGBA phase between the cholesteric and smectic A phases.
Gabor Capsule Network for Plant Disease Detection

Crop diseases contribute significantly to food insecurity, malnutrition, and poverty in Africa where the majority of the population is into Agriculture. Manual plant disease recognition methods are widespread but limited, ineffective, costly, and time-consuming making the need to search for automatic and efficient methods of recognition more crucial. Machine learning and Convolutional Neural Networks have been applied in other jurisdictions in an attempt to solve these problems. They have achieved impressive results in this domain but tend to be ‘data-hungry‘, invariant, and vulnerable to attacks that can easily lead to misclassifications. Capsule Networks, on the other hand, avoids the weaknesses of CNNs and has not been widely used in this area. This article, therefore, proposes the use of Gabor and Capsule network to recognize blurred, deformed, and unseen tomato and citrus disease images. Experimental results show that the proposed model can achieve a 98.13% test accuracy which is comparable to the performance of state-of-the-art CNN models in the literature. Also, the proposed model outperformed two state-of-the-art deep learning models (which were implemented as baseline models) in terms of robustness, flexibility, fast converges, and having fewer parameters. This work can be extended to other crops and may well serve as a useful tool for the recognition of unseen plant diseases under bad weather and bad illumination conditions.
Spectral investigations of iron bearing fluoroapatite

Spectroscopic investigations of a fluoroapatite sample from Madurai, Tamilnadu, India are carried out. The optical and EPR studies of the sample suggest that both Fe2+ and Fe3+ substitutionally replace Ca2+ in the tetragonally distorted octahedral site. Crystal field and spin Hamiltonian parameters are evaluated.
Baromètre BIM : une enquête sur l’adoption du BIM dans les agences d’architecture en France

Le Building Information Modeling (BIM) est un ensemble de technologies et méthodes de travail de plus en plus utilisées et plebiscites en France et à travers le monde. Il préoccupe les professionnels du secteur de la construction et, en premier lieu, les architectes. Notre connaissance du niveau d’adoption du BIM par les architectes aujourd’hui est pourtant très limitée. Cet article propose d’étudier l’avancement des agencies d’architecture dans leur adoption du BIM, et les caractéristiques de celles qui mettent en oeuvre ces pratiques.
The current place of direct oral anticoagulants in the prevention/treatment of venous thromboembolism

Venous thromboembolism (VTE; includes deep venous thrombosis, DVT, and pulmonary embolism, PE) represents the third most common acute cardiovascular syndrome. Contemporary VTE management comprises primary prevention in high-risk patients, treatment of established VTE, and prevention of its recurrence (secondary prevention). Anticoagulants are the basis of VTE pharmacological prophylaxis and treatment. For several decades, parenteral (heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins, LMWHs) and oral anticoagulants (vitamin K antagonists, VKAs) have been the cornerstone of VTE prevention/treatment. The introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs: thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and betrixaban) markedly improved the management of VTE by overcoming many disadvantages of conventional anticoagulants. For primary VTE prevention in patients after total hip/knee arthroplasty, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and dabigatran are preferred over LMWHs, due to comparable efficacy and safety, but favourable acceptability (avoided everyday injections). In other high-risk populations (other surgical patients, acutely ill medical patients), LMWHs are still the recommended option. Betrixaban is currently the only DOAC approved for VTE prophylaxis in medically ill patients during and after hospitalization. For acute VTE treatment and secondary prevention, DOACs (rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran) are recommended as the first-line therapy in the general population. DOACs proved to be similarly effective but safer than VKAs. In some specific populations, DOACs also seem to be advantageous over conventional treatment (patients with renal impairment, elderly, long-term secondary prevention in cancer patients). Currently, there is no data from randomized head-to-head comparative studies between the DOAC classes or representatives so the choice is made mainly according to patient characteristics and pharmacokinetic properties of the drug.
Critical considerations about the onset and epidemiology of whiplash associated disorders presented by the bone and joint decade 2000-2010 task force on neck pain

Background: The Neck Pain Task Force (NPTF) invites a constructive dialogue on how to best decrease the personal and societal burden of neck pain and its associated disorders. A critical review of the NPTF own literature synthesis on the onset and epidemiology of whiplash associated disorders (WAD) is well suited to ascertain whether the NPTP has achieved its stated goal concerning linking onset, course and care of a condition which contrasting views are no less conflicting now than almost seventy years ago. Discussion: The NPTP review of possible mechanisms of injury to the neck is not trustworthy. Firstly, the NPTF choose to skip all research, expect 2 experimental studies. Secondly, the NPTF then states that the current evidence does not allow us to draw any conclusions about a specific injury mechanism, if one exists. A literature review was conducted by the author on this issue, within the frame of NPTF literature review period, 1980-2006, which showed remarkable consistency both across different methodologies and different research teams which possess high degrees of external validity to the aforementioned biomechanical research on low velocity whiplash biomechanics. Scrutinizing the NPTF work on incidence, prevalence, course and prognosis of WAD, it was striking how often the members of the NPTF scientific jury emphasize that neck pain and its associated disorders is also prevalent in the general population. A closer look at the NPTF own literature synthesis revealed that prior neck injuries are a confounding factor that must be controlled for in future studies about the prevalence of neck pain in the general population. Summary: The onset and epidemiology of WAD are controversial as demonstrated by NPTF and the critical considerations presented herein. It is of major concern to rule in the late whiplash syndrome and identifying predictors and potentially mitigating chronic neck pain, and especially so in more severe cases. *Correspondence to: Eythor Kristjansson, PT. PhD. , Communication and Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Disorders, Division for Neuroscience and Musculoskeletal Medicine (FORMI), Vækeröveien 23, N-0282 Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0407, Oslo, Norway, Tel: +47 923 53 722; E-mail: eythork@ simnet.is
Robust Simultaneously Stabilizing Decoupling Output Feedback Controllers for Unstable Adversely Coupled Nano Air Vehicles

The plants of nano air vehicles (NAVs) are generally unstable, adversely coupled, and uncertain. Besides, the autopilot hardware of a NAV has limited sensing and computational capabilities. Hence, these vehicles need a single controller referred to as robust simultaneously stabilizing decoupling (RSSD) output feedback controller that achieves simultaneous stabilization (SS), desired decoupling, robustness, and performance for a finite set of unstable multi-input–multioutput adversely coupled uncertain plants. To synthesize an RSSD output feedback controller, a new method that is based on a central plant is proposed in this article. Given a finite set of plants for SS, we considered a plant in this set that has the smallest maximum $v-$ gap metric as the central plant. Following this, the sufficient condition for the existence of a simultaneous stabilizing controller associated with such a plant is described. The decoupling feature is then appended to this controller using the properties of the eigenstructure assignment method. Afterward, the sufficient conditions for the existence of an RSSD output feedback controller are obtained. Using these sufficient conditions, a new optimization problem for the synthesis of an RSSD output feedback controller is formulated. To solve this optimization problem, a new genetic algorithm-based offline iterative algorithm is developed. The effectiveness of this iterative algorithm is then demonstrated by generating an RSSD controller for a fixed-wing NAV. The performance of this controller is validated through numerical and hardware-in-the-loop simulations.
Electrochemical reactions of semiconductors

Electrochemical reactions at semiconductor surfaces depend on transport of electrons or holes between the surface and the bulk. This is very similar to transport in metal‐semiconductor Schottky barriers and leads to differences between n‐ and p‐type materials and to photochemical effects. Reaction at the surface may involve either decomposition of the semiconductor itself, or exchange of charge with an ion in the electrolyte. Photochemical decomposition of the crystal is common among binary compound semiconductors having pronounced ionic character. In an elementary model for this reaction the negative ion is identified with the valence band and the positive ion with the conduction band. Ions of one sign are neutralized, forming either a gas or a solid deposit on the surface. Minority carriers are needed to complete the reaction and these are generated by the light. Covalent semiconductors can also undergo reactions that are limited by the supply of minority carriers. Reactions with ions in solution can be.
Assessment of Hemato-biochemical, mineral and oxidative changes in postpartum anoestrous (true anoestrus) Murrah Buffaloes

The present study was aimed to assess the hemato-biochemical, mineral and oxidative changes in postpartum anoestrous Murrah buffaloes. A total of 30 multiparous buffaloes of almost same age and body weight were used for the experiment. The experimental group I (GI) consisted of 15 postpartum anoestrous buffaloes (PPA) and control group II (GII) consisted of 15 normal cyclic buffaloes. Blood samples were collected by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters. Further, the serum was separated from another aliquot of blood sample and utilized for biochemical, mineral, MDA and SOD activity. The mean Hb, PCV, glucose, cholesterol and phosphorous values were significantly (p 0.05) difference was observed in total protein and calcium concentration between groups. From the present study, it was concluded that postpartum anoestrous can be attributed to oxidative stress, which induces significant changes in hemato-biochemical and mineral profile.