Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluctuations of γ-aminobutyrate, γ-hydroxybutyrate, and related amino acids in Arabidopsis leaves as a function of the light–dark cycle, leaf age, and N stressEditorial decisions for this paper were made by Robert Ireland, Associate Editor, Canadian Journal of Botany.

To gain further insight into the metabolic role of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA), we determined the pool sizes of GABA and its catabolic products, alanine and γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), as well as key amino acids (Glu, Gln, Asp, Asn, Pro, Gly, Ser), in Arabidopsis leaves as a function of the light–dark cycle, leaf age (old versus young), and N stress (continuous versus interrupted N supply). Regardless of time of day and leaf age, there was a close relationship among Glu, GABA, and GHB when N was supplied continuously, indicating that GABA and GHB were probably derived exclusively from Glu and GABA, respectively. Ala was also closely linked to GABA in young leaves, but not in old leaves, a result consistent with the existence of multiple sources of Ala. The nature of the responses of GABA and GHB to an interrupted N supply depended on leaf age, and differed from responses exhibited by Glu, Gln, and Asn. Overall fluctuations in primary amino acids under both continuous and interrupted N supply, as well as those ass.
Bioactive compounds from plants

The role of ethnopharmacology in drug development, N.R. Farnsworth ethnobotany and the identification of therapeutic agents from the rainforest, M.J.Balick ethnopharmacology and the search for new drugs, P.Cox some problems in the structural elucidation of fungal metabolites, W.Steglich, et al naturally occurring cyclohexene epoxides revisited, C.Mahidol synthesis of antifeedants for insects - novel behaviour - modifying chemicals from plants, S.Ley chemical synthesis of bioactive polyamines from solanceous plants, A.Thiengchanya, et al plagiarizing plants - aminosugars as a class of glycosidase inhibitors, G.W. J.Fleet, et al role of secondary metabolites in chemical defence mechanisms in plants, J.B. Harborne phytoalexins as part of induced defence reactions in plants - their elicitation, function and metabolism, W.Barz, et al an economic and technical assessment of the use of plant cell cultures for natural product synthesis on an industrial scale, M.W. Fowler, et al opportunities for bioactive compounds in transgenic plants, T.C. Hall, et al gene transfer methods for plants and cell cultures, I.Potrykus compounds from plants that regulate or participate in disease resistance, J.Kuc.
Heavy Metals in Fingernails and Scalp Hair of Children, Adults and Workers from Environmentally Exposed Areas at Aswan, Egypt

Biological materials are widely used as a bioindicator for environmental pollution with heavy metals. Among these are human hair and nails, which also recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for worldwide environmental monitoring. Heavy metals Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined in fingernails and scalp hair from different sexes and ages of school children, adults and workers from polluted (Kima area and industrial region) and unpolluted areas (West Aswan) located at the West Nile of Aswan, Egypt. The atomic absorption spectroscopic technique was used for determination of the studied metals at their recommended conditions. The results reveal that individual nails and hair from polluted areas showed significantly higher concentrations of Cd and Pb (in children) and Cd, Cu and Pb (in adults and workers) than in those from unpolluted ones. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in nails and hair depend on human sex but little on the ages. Studied metal concentrations in fingernails and scalp hair were .
A case of simultaneous occurrence of a number of variations of the visceral branches of the abdominal aorta

On the body of a Russian woman, 39 years old, the following was found: From the abdominal aorta, at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, arises a short trunk, 4 mm. long, as a rewilt of the fusion of art. coeliaca and art. mesenterica superior, in the form of truncus coeliaco-mesentericus (Adachi) or simply arteria coeliaco-mesenterica ( Tichomiroff, Hyrtl). This trunk, at a distance of 4 m. separates into its two component arteries : art. ooeliaca and art. mesenterica superior. In its turn, art. coeliara, having a length of 4.8 mm. , is directed forward and at different levels gives off not three, as is usual, but only two branches: a. gastrica sinistra and a. lienalis, forming, according to Adachi, truncus gastrolienalis. Art. hepatica, third branch of the usual coeliac artery, branches off from the art. mesenterica superior and lies back of the portal vein, forming the so-called ‘typus hepato-mesentericus ’ Adachi. The second, and very rare, variation, is the unusual branching off of art. gastro-
Organic Farming and the Environment, with Particular Reference to Australia: A Review

ABSTRACT This paper reviews the environmental effects of organic farming, with particular reference to Australia but using some international experience as well as findings from other ‘alternative’ farming systems where appropriate. Beneficial environmental effects include positive changes to soil physical, biological and chemical properties in comparison with some adverse effects associated with conventional agriculture. Other benefits are linked to the opportunities provided to recycle organic wastes, the reduced use of synthetic chemicals, improvements to plant and animal quality, reductions in erosion and runoff, and potential improvements to the serious problems of soil and water salinity and the loss and deterioration of ecosystems. However, there are also some adverse environmental effects which may accompany organic farming methods. They include diminishing soil fertility through the run-down of some soil nutrients, possible increases in soil acidity, contaminants associated with the use of some m.
Smoke Video Detection Algorithm Based On 3D Convolutional Neural Network

Smoke detection can play a key role in the early stage of a fire. Traditional video smoke detection mainly extracts image features of smoke and uses machine learning methods to classify and recognize smoke. However, smoke video is an image of continuous frames, and adjacent frames of images are related to each other. If time complexity is ignored and only spatial features are considered, the key features cannot be fully extracted. By combining the 3D convolutional neural network and introducing the attention mechanism, the temporal and spatial features of the smoke can be effectively weighted and merged, and the 3×1×1 and 1×3×3 convolution kernels are used instead of the 3×3×3 convolution kernels. Reduce model parameters. In order to eliminate most of the non-smoke areas to reduce the time complexity of the system, the MobileNetV2-SSD algorithm is used to do a priori score to locate the suspected smoke areas. Experimental results show that compared to traditional smoke detection methods and 2D smoke detection convolutional networks, the accuracy of smoke detection has been improved.
The embryology of amphioxus

Although the egg of Amphioxus is much more fluid and less stereotyped than that of Ascidians, the poles, axes, and localizations of formative materials are much the same in the two. The spermatozoon enters near the vegetative pole and a peripheral layer of granular cytoplasm flows to this pole and later forms a crescent around the posterior side parallel to the first cleavage amphiaster; this is the mesodermal crescent. On the anterior side a similar area later gives rise to the chorda‐neural crescent. Above these crescents is the ectodermal area, below them the endodermal area. The early cleavages divide these crescents and areas just as in Ascidians. The coeloblastula is at first spherical, but later flattens in the region of the mesodermal crescent; this flattening extends forward on the vegetative side to the chorda‐neural crescent, where the invagination is sharpest. The blastopore is at first triangular in outline, the dorsal lip being formed by the chorda‐neural crescent and the lateral lips by the mesodermal crescent. Later the chorda and the mesodermal crescents are infolded, the lateral lips fuse to form the ventral lip which grows dorsalward, the blastopore becomes wider from right to left than dorsoventrally, the gastrula elongates and in the angles between dorsal and ventral lips the mesodermal crescent forms the mesodermal grooves in the lateral walls of the gastrocoel.
Influência do processo de cocção no teor de mercúrio em peixes

This study evaluated different cooking processes (roasted, cooked and fried) on total mercury (Hg) content in fish species most consumed by Manaus residents and surrounding communities, Amazon region. The results obtained for total Hg in natura and after the three types of preparation (roasted, cooked and fried) for 12 fish species showed a significant Hg concentration variation. In the present study the cooked and frying processes resulted in higher Hg losses for Pacu, Pescada, Jaraqui, Curimata, Surubin and Aruana fish species, most of them presenting detritivorous and carnivorous feeding habits. The higher Hg losses in the roasting process occurred for Sardinha, Aracu, Tucunare, Pirapitinga, Branquinha and Tambaqui fish species, most of them being omnivorous and herbivorous fish species. Some micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Na, Se and Zn) in fish species in natura were also determined in order to perform a nutritional evaluation regarding these micronutrients.
The functional organization of the brain of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

The functional organization of the brain of Sepia has been investigated by electrical stimulation. As a result several new divisions of the brain have been made. The pedal ganglion has been shown to consist of four parts: (1) the anterior chromatophore lobes innervating the skin and muscles of the anterior part of the head and arm s; (2) the anterior pedal lobe innervating the arms and tentacles; (3) the posterior pedal lobe innervating the funnel, collar and retractor muscles of the head; (4) the lateral pedal lobes innervating the muscles of the eyes and tissues of the orbits. The palliovisceral (or visceral) ganglion, apart from the magnocellular lobe demonstrated by Young (1939), is shown here to consist of (1) a central palliovisceral lobe innervating the mantle, funnel and viscera ; (2) a pair of lobes innervating the muscles of the fins; (3) a pair of posterior chromatophore lobes innervating the muscles of the chromatophores and skin of the mantle, fin and back of the head; (4) a pair of vasomotor lobes. Because of these new divisions the three main groupings of the suboesophageal neural tissue are now referred to as the anterior, middle and posterior suboesophageal masses corresponding to the old brachial, pedal and palliovisceral divisions. The suboesophageal centres are classified as lower motor centres and intermediate motor centres, depending on the kind of response they give to electrical stimulation and their peripheral connexions. In the supraoesophageal lobes, higher motor centres and silent areas are recognized. The silent areas include the vertical, superior frontal, subvertical, precommissural and dorsal basal lobes. Of the higher motor centres the anterior basal lobe is primarily concerned with the positioning of the head, arms and eyes, particularly during movements involving changes in direction while swimming. Such manoeuvres are brought about by the anterior basal lobe control over the fins and position of the funnel. The posterior basal lobe is here shown to consist of six main divisions: (1) the sub vertical lobe; (2) the dorsal basal lobes; (3) the precommissural lobe; (4) the medial basal lobe; (5) the lateral basal lobe; (6) the interbasal lobe. The medial, lateral and interbasal lobes are higher motor centres. The lateral and medial basal lobes control movements of the chromatophores and skin; the medial basal lobe controls swimming, breathing, fin movements and various visceral functions. The interbasal lobe controls the movements of the tentacles. The optic nerves and the optic lobes, at their periphery, are electrically inexcitable. Electrical stimulation of the centre of the optic lobes evokes all the responses that can be obtained from the other higher m otor centres. The results are discussed in term s of Sanders & Young’s (1940) physiological classification of the brain. A further category intermediate motor centre is recognized. Summary lists of the responses of each lobe are given on pages 516, 520, 525.
Feeding, particle selection and carbon absorption in Mytilus edulis in different mixtures of algae and resuspended bottom material

Abstract Mytilus edulis (average length 3.7 em) were fed mixtures of algae (10000 Phaeodactylum tricornutum cells · ml-1) and natural silt (0 to 55 mg · l-1), and the effects of silt concentration on filtration behaviour, food uptake and carbon budget were studied. Particle clearance averaged 66 ml · min-1 at 3.5 mg silt · l-1, and decreased at higher and lower concentrations. Increasing amounts of material were retained by the gills with increasing silt concentration, but an increasing proportion of this was rejected as pseudofaeces. Pseudofaeces was produced at silt concentrations above 1 mg · l-1, and the amount produced increased lineally with the amount of material retained (regression line: pseudofaeces produced (mg · min-1) = 0.98 x material retained (mg · min-1) - 0.057; r = 0.98). Dry matter ingestion increased with increasing concentration of silt. (Regression line: ingestion rate (μg · min-1) = 4.36 x In concentration (mg · l-1) + 31.98; r = 0.52). The mussels were able to select between algae .
Attenuated brain responses to speech sounds in moderate preterm infants at term age.

Recent findings have revealed that very preterm neonates already show the typical brain responses to place of articulation changes in stop consonants, but data on their sensitivity to other types of phonetic changes remains scarce. Here, we examined the impact of 7-8 weeks of extra-uterine life on the automatic processing of syllables in 20 healthy moderate preterm infants (mean gestational age at birth 33 weeks) matched in maturational age with 20 full-term neonates, thus differing in their previous auditory experience. This design allows elucidating the contribution of extra-uterine auditory experience in the immature brain on the encoding of linguistically relevant speech features. Specifically, we collected brain responses to natural CV syllables differing in three dimensions using a multi-feature mismatch paradigm, with the syllable /ba/ as the standard and three deviants: a pitch change, a vowel change to /bo/, and a consonant Voice Onset Time (VOT) change to /pa/. No significant between-group differences were found for pitch and consonant VOT deviants. However, moderate preterm infants showed attenuated responses to vowel deviants compared to full-terms. These results suggest that moderate preterm infants' limited experience with low-pass filtered speech prenatally can hinder vowel change detection and that exposure to natural speech after birth does not seem to contribute to improve this capacity. These data are in line with recent evidence suggesting a sequential development of a hierarchical functional architecture of speech processing that is highly sensitive to early auditory experience.
Phylogeny and intercontinental distribution of the pneumocandin-producing anamorphic fungus Glarea lozoyensis

Glarea lozoyensis is an anamorphic ascomycete that produces pneumocandin B0, the starting molecule for the synthesis of the antifungal drug caspofungin (CANCIDAS™). Glarea lozoyensis was first isolated in 1985 from a water sample from Madrid, Spain. Until now, only the original strain was known, but we have discovered new strains from Argentina and the USA. Molecular phylogenetic reference to a 28S rDNA database of antibiotic-producing fungi quickly identified these strains as being conspecific with G. lozoyensis. Bayesian inference phylogeny of ITS, 28S rDNA and α-actin gene fragments revealed that G. lozoyensis is related to species of the genus Cyathicula (Helotiales). Glarea lozoyensis was not conspecific with any of the Cyathicula species sequenced, although it appears to share a common ancestor. Glarea lozoyensis and Cyathicula strains were fermented on nutritional microarrays in 96-well plates. Cyathicula extracts did not show antifungal activity and did not produce pneumocandins, whereas potent antifungal activity and pneumocandin A0 production were confirmed for the four G. lozoyensis isolates. Also, culture morphology differed, with G. lozoyensis strains producing a dark brown, profusely sporulating mycelium with pigmented multicellular conidia accumulating in conidial masses, while all Cyathicula species tested in culture formed hyaline to light brown mycelia and lacked conidia. The chemistry and taxonomic distribution of the echinocandin class of antifungals is comprehensively reviewed.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Evaluation of Erlotinib Hydrochloride Tablets: Randomized, Open‐Label, 2‐Period Crossover Study in Healthy Chinese Subjects

A randomized, open‐label, 2‐period crossover study was performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of 2 erlotinib hydrochloride tablets (a test formulation and a reference formulation) in healthy Chinese subjects. Subjects were randomized to receive a single oral dose of the erlotinib hydrochloride test or reference formulation (150 mg) under fasting conditions. The washout period was 12 days. Blood samples were collected at scheduled time points, and plasma concentrations were determined using a high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. A noncompartmental method was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters and to evaluate the bioequivalence of the 2 formulations. Safety assessments were performed during the whole study period. The results suggest that the pharmacokinetic parameter values of the test formulation were similar to those of the reference formulation. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric least‐squares mean ratios of the test to reference formulation were 94.06% to 105.43% for maximum concentration, 88.21% to 97.57% for area under the concentration‐time curve to last measurement, and 87.37% to 97.14% for area under the curve extrapolated to infinity, which are all within the accepted bioequivalence range of 80% to 125%. No serious adverse events occurred during the study. These findings suggest that the 2 erlotinib hydrochloride tablets were bioequivalent in accordance with predetermined regulatory criteria.
Killers at the crossroads: The use of innate immune cells in adoptive cellular therapy of cancer

Abstract Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is an approach to cancer treatment that involves the use of antitumor immune cells to target residual disease in patients after completion of chemo/radiotherapy. ACT has several advantages compared with other approaches in cancer immunotherapy, including the ability to specifically expand effector cells in vitro before selection for adoptive transfer, as well as the opportunity for host manipulation in order to enhance the ability of transferred cells to recognize and kill established tumors. One of the main challenges to the success of ACT in cancer clinical trials is the identification and generation of antitumor effector cells with high avidity for tumor recognition. Natural killer (NK) cells, cytokine‐induced killers and natural killer T cells are key innate or innate‐like effector cells in cancer immunosurveillance that act at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity, to have a greater influence over immune responses to cancer. In this review, we discuss recent studies that highlight their potential in cancer therapy and summarize clinical trials using these effector immune cells in adoptive cellular therapy for the treatment of cancer.
Tolerance of Phalaris aquatica to spraytopping rates of glyphosate or paraquat

The tolerance of a 7-year-old stand of Phalaris aquatica to spraytopping rates of paraquat (0.09, 0.14, 0.28 kg a.i./ha) and glyphosate (0.11, 0.16, 0.32 kg a.i./ha) applied on 17 October and 8 November 1988 was assessed over the following 9 months. In the first 28 days after spraying, the herbicides browned out most green leaf of P. aquatica; thereafter, plants fully or partially recovered. Nine months after spraying, ground cover of P. aquatica was reduced by all treatments (from 26 to 66%, relative to the controls) except the 3 rates of paraquat and the lowest rate of glyphosate applied in October. The greater effect of herbicides in November than in October was assessed as being due to more green leaf on P. aquatica at spraying and better growing conditions in November.
Translate gene sequence into gene ontology terms based on statistical machine translation

This paper presents a novel method to predict the functions of amino acid sequences, based on statistical machine translation programs. To build the translation model, we use the “parallel corpus” concept. For instance, an English sentence “I love apples” and its corresponding French sentence “j’adore les pommes” are examples of a parallel corpus. Here we regard an amino acid sequence like “MTMDKSELVQKA” as one language, and treat its functional description as “0005737 0006605 0019904 (Gene Ontology terms)” as a sentence of another language. We select amino acid sequences and their corresponding functional descriptions in Gene Ontology terms to build the parallel corpus. Then we use a phrase-based translation model to build the “amino acid sequence” to “protein function” translation model. The Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score, an algorithm for measuring the quality of machine-translated text, of the proposed method reaches about 0.6 when neglecting the order of Gene Ontology words. Although its functional prediction performance is still not as accurate as search-based methods, it was able to give the function of amino acid sequences directly and was more efficient.
Phytodiversity assessment in Sangla valley, Northwest Himalaya, India

The present study was conducted to assess the phytodiversity of vascular plants in Sangla valley of Himachal Pradesh, India. We recorded 639 species of vascular plants belonging to 321 genera and 99 families, in which Angiosperms comprised 80 families, 296 genera and 584 species; Gymnosperms 5 families, 8 genera and 14 species, and Pteridophytes 14 families, 17 genera and 41 species. Angiosperms were mainly represented by families such as Compositae (91 spp.), Poaceae (38 spp.), Rosaceae (32 spp.), Lamiaceae (30 spp.), Apiaceae (24 spp.), Ranunculaceae (23 spp.), Brassicaceae (21 spp.), Polygonaceace (20 spp.) and Caryophylaceae (16 spp.). Artemisia and Polygonum were most species rich genera with 11 spp. each followed by Nepeta (9), Pedicularis (8), Anaphalis, Impatiens, Poa and Potentilla, (7 each), Berberis, Erigeron and Gentiana (6 each). The trees were 28, shrubs (62) herbs (488) and climbers (6). Among Gymnosperms, Pinaceae was dominant with 7 species followed by Cupressaceae (4 spp.) while major genera were Juniperus (4 spp.) and Pinus (3 spp.). These were represented by 10 trees and 4 shrubs. Dominant families of Pteridophytes were Dryopteridaceae (9 spp.) Aspleniaceae (6 spp.) and Athyriaceae (5 spp.). Major genera were Asplenium (6 spp.), Polystichum (5 spp.) and Dryopteris (4 spp.). A total of 316 species were native; 69 endemic and 170 were near endemic to the Indian Himalaya. 5 species were found to be critically endangered, 12 endangered and 16 were vulnerable in the valley.