Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Inorganic and Organic Fertilization on Physicochemical Parameters, Bacterial Concentrations, and Shrimp Growth in Litopenaeus vannamei Cultures with Zero Water Exchange

To identify ways to improve water quality and shrimp production in closed systems, two parallel experiments (one in tanks and one in ponds) were conducted using Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, cultures. In both experiments, the effects of inorganic (Nutrilake®) and organic (molasses) fertilization on physicochemical parameters, bacterial concentrations, and shrimp performance under zero water exchange were evaluated. Fertilization with both molasses and Nutrilake enhanced the feed conversion rate, as well as shrimp survival and production. In tanks, the shrimp survival and production rates were highest in the molasses treatment, but this effect was not observed in ponds. In ponds, fertilization with Nutrilake increased nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations more than did the controls and molasses treatments toward the end of the experiment. In tanks, fertilization with molasses reduced ammonia concentrations toward the end of the experiment, but the same effect was not observed in ponds. In ponds, fertilization reduced the proportion of Vibrio spp. bacteria, which most likely reduced the incidence of disease from these potentially pathogenic organisms. In both culture systems, fertilization increased the proportion of Bacillus spp. , which most likely enhanced food availability.
A study to assess the Safety practices of mothers for prevention of unintentional injuries among children

Childhood the most crucial stage, ready to take on the world for overall development and cumulative lifetime learning. But child endurance till today, is the most imperative moral dilemma, as injuries bounce to amplify spectacularly with the succession of child age. Still, injury prevention is not of a serious apprehension in India. In concomitant to this a study divulged the fact that the injury is a neglected epidemic in India (Jagnoor, et al., 2012) [1] and also parallel to it our former Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India and advisor to World Health OrganizationDr. Harshvardhan revealed that the emerging area where urgent action is required is Injury Prevention and Control. Seeing the grimed injury scenario, specific directed efforts are required to study the problem to retract the unintentional injuries in children. Along with this research is needed to develop suitable interventions for the credible advocate of child safety especially the mothers. Consequently, the initiative through present research is intended to identify mothers safety practices regarding the injuries which will help formulate effective communication strategies towards prevention of injuries among children and will forever help mothers, caretakers and all the related ones to stand by to safe guard children from injuries which can put in the child to either death or hospitalization or a visit to an emergency care unit or can result in a temporary or permanent disabilities whether physical or social or either psychological.
Movement and phenology of bees in a subtropical Australian agricultural landscape

Bees are mobile organisms that seek food and nesting opportunities from a range of habitats. It is important to understand the way they move in agricultural landscapes if we are to conserve them and benefit from their activity as pollinators. We surveyed bees using directional flight interception (Malaise) traps over a 1-year period in two agricultural landscapes in south-east Queensland, Australia. We placed traps at the ecotone between crops and remnant vegetation to establish the pattern of movement between these habitats. Species richness in these landscapes (70) was high relative to that in comparable studies. Some bees were active year round, but most were caught in the period September to March. Across the whole assemblage there was a significant pattern where more species were detected leaving rather than entering remnant vegetation. The same bias was true for the number of individuals of the two most abundant species (Homalictus urbanus and Apis mellifera). Species exclusively found in crops were smaller on average (and therefore have smaller foraging range) than their non-crop counterparts. Together, these patterns indicate that while bees are abundant in crop habitat, the remnant vegetation is important as the point of origin for bee movements, and the riparian remnant in particular is richer than the dry native remnant. Compositional similarity among samples was significantly explained by landscape but also movement direction (i.e. to or from the riparian remnant) because different species showed different patterns of response. The landscape with greater native vegetation cover supported more species in and around crops than the landscape with less native vegetation.
Expression Profile of Connexin 43 and Poly A Polymerase Genes in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Oocytes and Developing Embryos Produced in vitro

Abstract Mishra, A. , Sharma, G.T. and Kumar, G.S. 2010. Expression profile of connexin 43 and poly A polymerase genes in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes and developing embryos produced in vitro. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 38: 29–32. To find out the expression pattern of Connexin 43 (Cx43) a gap junction protein and Poly A polymerase (PAP) necessary for synthesis of poly (A) tail in mRNA, genes in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes and developing embryos produced in vitro, pools of immatured oocytes (n=200), in vitro matured oocytes (n=200), embryos of 2–4 cell (n=83), 8–16 cell (n=80), morula (n=77) and blastocyst (n=40) were collected in vitro from slaughter house ovaries for mRNA isolation. RT-PCR was carried out by using mRNA as the template and PCR was carried out by using cDNA as template for amplification of 425 bp Cx43 and 252 bp PAP. Cx43 was expressed in all except blastocysts stage, whereas, PAP was expressed in all. It is concluded that expression pattern of Cx43 and PAP in oocytes and developing embryos can be used as a marker of developmental potential for embryos derived from oocytes.
Female Reproduction System, Molecular Biology of

The female reproductive system consists of the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries, breasts, and uterus. These organs make up a finely tuned system that controls puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and birth, lactation, and menopause. With the tools available through molecular biological approaches, we are able to come to a greater understanding of the complex interactions that operate in this system. The hormones, growth factors, and enzymes that are able to exert unique and specific effects in this system do so either locally or via endocrine mechanisms. The elucidation of the molecules involved in this regulation and their mechanisms of action leads to a better understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of reproduction, and provides the potential means for developing better methods to control fertility and infertility. Outlined below are some of the major hormonal regulatory systems that are important in the female reproductive processes. Keywords: Betaglycan; BMPs; Endocrine Regulation; Endothelins; Folliculogenesis; FSH Isoforms; G-Proteins; Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone; Gonadotropins; GDF; IGF; IGFBP; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; Local Regulation; Oxytocin; Receptors; Second-messenger Systems; Signal Transduction; Steroidogenic Enzymes; Tissue Remodeling Enzymes; Transforming Growth Factor β-Superfamily; Transmembrane Helices; Zona Pellucida Proteins
Snowshoe Hare Cover Relationships in Northern Utah

Habitat use by snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) of several montane forest types was studied at 2 locations in northern Utah from 1973 to 1978. Vegetation types studied were: quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) with sparse and dense understory conditions; dry, subalpine meadow; subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa); Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii); and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). During the study, portions of the aspen stands on 1 area were clear-cut in small (1-4 ha) blocks. Results of hare fecal pellet counts showed significant (P < 0.05) differences in pellet numbers among the vegetation types studied and a strong correlation between hare use and horizontal cover densities at heights of 1.0-2.5 m above ground in the understory vegetation profile. Vegetation types in which cover densities above the snow level (1.0-1.5 m) were at least 40% accounted for 85% of the winter use by the hares. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 46(3):662-670 Numerous investigators (Grange 1932, Boyle 1955, Fitzpatrick 1957, Behrend 1960, Bider 1961, Keith 1966) have noted the importance of suitable vegetative cover as a requisite habitat component for snowshoe hares. A few studies, notably Adams (1959), Brocke (1975), Conroy et al. (1979), and Wolff (1980) provide some quantification of this relationship. However, these studies were conducted in the more boreal portions of the species'
FCRN MEDIATED MUCOSAL IMMUNITY AND SUBUNIT VACCINE DELIVERY

FcRn, the neonatal Fc receptor, is an MHC class I related molecule, functions as an IgG protector and transporter. Binding of IgG by FcRn exclusively occurrs at acidic pH, in correlation with the fact that FcRn mainly resides in acidic endosomes. Herein, we found an association of FcRn with invariant chain (Ii). The interaction was initiated within the endoplasmic reticulum by Ii binding to either the FcRn heavy chain alone or heavy chain-beta-2-microglobulin complex and appeared to be maintained throughout the endocytic pathway. The CLIP in Ii was not required for FcRn-Ii association. The interaction was detected in IFN--treated THP-1, epithelial and endothelial cells, and immature mouse DCs. A truncated FcRn without the cytoplasmic tail was unable to traffic to early endosomes; however, its location in early endosomes was restored by Ii expression. FcRn was detected in the late endosome/lysosome only in the presence of Ii or upon exposure to IFN-. In immature human or mouse DCs, FcRn was barely detected in the late endosome/lysosome in the absence of Ii. Taken together, the intracellular trafficking of FcRn is regulated by its intrinsic sorting information and/or Ii chain. Vaccine strategies to prevent invasive mucosal pathogens are being sought due to the fact that 90% of infectious diseases are initiated at mucosal surfaces. However, our ability to deliver an mucosal vaccine antigen for induction of the protective immunity is limited. FcRn mediates the transport of IgG across polarized epithelial cells. Taking advantage of this unique transfer pathway, I sought to delivery of antigens across mucosal barrier using IgG Fc fused proteins. It was demonstrated that intranasal immunization with a model antigen herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein gD fused with an IgG Fc fragment combination with CpG ODN adjuvant resulted in a complete protection of wild type, but not FcRn knockout mice that were intravaginally challenged with virulent HSV-2 186. The immunization induced efficient mucosal and systemic antibody as well as long lasting memory immune responses. These results are the first to demonstrate that the FcRn-IgG transcellular pathway may represent a novel mucosal vaccine delivery path against mucosal infections.
Hibernation and Oviposition Sites of Great Basin Gophersnakes (Pituophis catenifer deserticola) near Their Northern Range Limit

Abstract Northern range limits for snakes may result from thermal constraints, especially for oviposition and hibernation. We characterized hibernation and oviposition sites for federally threatened Great Basin Gophersnakes (Pituophis catenifer deserticola) near the edge of their northern-range limit in south central British Columbia, Canada. During 2006 and 2007, most Gophersnakes (75.8%) hibernated alone. At our more northern study area, typical hibernation sites were in grassy hillsides, whereas at our southern study areas snakes hibernated in rocky outcrops. All snakes that denned in rock outcrops reused sites over years, but only 28.6% of snakes that hibernated in rodent burrows reused sites. Most female Gophersnakes (94%) laid eggs in sites that were not used by other females, and reuse of sites was rare (12.5%). Almost all of the oviposition sites were in grassy slopes, with any shrubs and trees more than 5 m away; females selected grassy or sage-steppe cover for oviposition. This pattern of mostly individual and single-use hibernation and oviposition sites suggests that hibernation and oviposition sites are readily available as components of the active-season range within the sage-steppe ecozone, although this habitat is rare and severely threatened within Canada. In terms of species conservation, areas of suitable habitat should be protected based on active-season use, rather than by attempting to find hibernation sites supporting large aggregations of snakes. This recommendation is unlike that for Rattlesnakes (Crotalus spp.) and Gartersnakes (Thamnophis spp.), which often congregate at hibernation sites.
Caractérisation des mécanismes de résistance des cellules gliales tumorales à la chimiothérapie et identification de nouvelles pistes chimiothérapeutiques potentielles

Les glioblastomes sont les tumeurs cerebrales malignes les plus repandues chez l’adulte et l’enfant, et les plus agressives avec une mediane de survie inferieure a quinze mois. Deux caracteristiques biologiques rendent leur traitement particulierement difficile. Tout d’abord, la capacite d’invasion du parenchyme cerebral par les cellules gliales tumorales rend la resection chirurgicale totale impossible. De plus, ces cellules developpent une resistance aux stimuli pro-apoptotiques rendant la plupart des agents chimiotherapeutiques peu efficaces contre ce type de tumeur. Actuellement, le seul agent chimiotherapeutique efficace dans le traitement des glioblastomes est le temozolomide. Malheureusement des mecanismes de resistance acquise peuvent apparaitre chez des patients traites avec cette molecule. Nous avons donc etudie ces mecanismes moleculaires de resistance acquise au temozolomide et dans un deuxieme temps nous avons tente de trouver de potentielles molecules susceptibles de lutter contre les gliomes. Nous avons rendu resistants deux modeles de cellules gliales tumorales au temozolomide par un traitement incremental durant plusieurs mois. Grâce a une analyse de type Affymetrix, nous avons compare l’expression de l’ensemble des genes entre les lignees normales et les lignees rendues resistantes. Deux familles de genes sont ressorties comme impliquees dans ce processus de resistance : les transporteurs glucose et les aldo-keto reductase 1C (akr1c). Pour les transporteurs glucose, il se pourrait que leur implication se fasse au niveau du metabolisme des cellules resistantes en permettant d’apporter plus de substrat energetique et ainsi contourner les effets pro-autophagiques du temozolomide. Dans le cas des akr1c, il semblerait que leur surexpression ait pour but d’augmenter la proliferation des cellules tumorales resistantes. Nous avons, par la suite, etudie les proprietes anticancereuses de metabolites fongiques, les phyllostictines, extraites du champignon Phyllosticta cirsii. Quatre metabolites naturels et deux derives hemisynthetiques ont ete testes demontrant des activites plus ou moins importantes sans toutefois montrer in vitro de bioselectivite entre cellules tumorales et cellules normales. Les phyllostictines semblent se lier au groupement thiol libre comme nous l’avons determine sur le glutathion ou la cysteine. Il reste a determiner la cible des phyllostictines dans les cellules tumorales et a ameliorer la selectivite de ces molecules.
Fenología de árbol Sideroxylon capiri (Sapotaceae) en el Bosque Seco Tropical de Costa Rica

Phenology of the tree Sideroxylon capiri (Sapotaceae) at the tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. From March 1996 until February 2000, an study about the phenology of the Tempisque tree (Sideroxylon capiri (A.DC.) Pittier) was made in the Tropical Dry Forest of the Barra Honda National Park (Costa Rica). Ten trees were choosen at random and their phenology was evaluated monthly during the first two years and every two months afterwards. Climatological data were also collected in situ. Trees change their foliage each year during the rainy season or at the beginning of the dry season. In contrast with other native species in forest, soil water deficit is not responsible for foliage change in S. capiri. Some elements that affect the process are photoperiod and herbivores. Unknown physiological mechanisms allow the tree to maintain foliage during the driest months (March and April). Flowering and fruiting may occur every year and in any season, but mostly in the dry season, with variability both among seasons and among individuals. Rev. Biol. Trop. 53(1-2): 5-14. Epub 2005 Jun 24.
Effect of Zinc concentration on the properties of CdS:Zn nanostructures prepared by Ultrasonic method

This work focuses on investigating the effect of Zn concentration on the properties of CdS:Zn nanoparticles. In the typical synthesis, nanostructured CdS:Zn has been prepared using Cadmium nitrate, zinc nitrate, Na 2 S, citric acid and ethanol as starting materials. The samples were prepared by exposing the precursor solution to ultrasonic waves for a reaction time of 3 hrs. The precipitate was collected, washed, dried and calcinated at a temperature of 500°C for 1 hour. The samples have been subjected to various characterizations. The phase and structure of the samples have been identified using X-ray diffraction. The spherical morphology of the synthesized particles have been identified by Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The absorbance spectra have been recorded in the UV-Visible region and analyzed. The FTIR spectra shows the presence of different functional group present in the synthesized nanoparticles.
Variation of the intergenic spacer region of ribosomal DNA in cultivated and wild rice species.

Spacer-length variation in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was surveyed in two cultivated rice species and their wild relatives. Among 243 accessions observed, 18 different spacer-length variants were detected. Length heterogeneity was found within and among species as well as within individuals. Conventional genetic analysis revealed that two spacer-length variants were located at two unlinked loci. Restriction enzyme maps showed that length heterogeneity resulted from repetition of short repeated sequences in the intergenic spacer region in the Asian cultivar and its progenitor; however, the spacer region greatly differed from those of reproductively isolated taxa with respect to the length and the sequence. Furthermore, the Asian cultivated species and its progenitor were highly polymorphic for rDNA spacer-length variation and they were differentiated in frequencies of spacer-length variants as well as varietal groups within the cultivated species. Asian cultivars tended to carry homogeneous repeats of rDNA compa.
An improved protocol for extraction of metagenomic DNA from high humus, alkaline and saline soil of Chinampa for T-RFLP fingerprinting analysis.

Aims: The principle aim of this study was to obtain high quality metagenomic DNA from the high humus-containing, alkaline soils of the chinampas, an artificial sustainable agroecosystem. Study Design: Different protocols reported previously were tested and were modified to extract the metagenomic DNA. Quality of the DNA samples was evaluated by amplification of 16S rRNA gene with PCR and T-RFLP (Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis. Place and Duration of Study: This study was performed in Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional during 2011-2012. Methodology: Four soil samples were collected from two chinampas at the depth of 0-30 Original Research Article British Microbiology Research Journal, 4(7): 821-830, 2014 822 cm and 30-60cm. A protocol started with repeated prewashing before the direct cell lysis with lysozyme followed by SDS treatments, frozen and melting cycling was developed which combined the DNA isolation and purification procedures. The 16SrRNA genes were amplified from the extracted metagenomic DNAs and were used for T-RFLP fingerprinting analysis. Results: The 16SrRNA genes were amplified from all the DNA extracts corresponding to the four soil samples and were successfully used in the T-RFLP analysis, which generated 25 to 109T-RFs in the four soil samples digested separately with the restriction endonucleases HaeIII, HhaI and MspI. Conclusion: The protocol developed in the present study could generate high molecular weight and high quality metagenomic DNA from soils with high content of humic materials, for which the other reported protocols were not functioned. This soil harboured very diverse and unique bacterial communities belonging to at least nine phyla that might contribute to the high soil fertility.
Isolation and molecular analysis of two R2R3-MYB genes from the sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

MYB factors comprise one of the largest family of transcription factors (TFs) characterized by a highly conserved DNA-binding domain: the MYB domain. From the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genome, we have isolated two R2R3-type MYB TFs (Ha-R2R3-MYB1 and Ha-R2R3-MYB2) that show homology with the functional domain of most R2R3-MYB proteins of other species. The R2 (53 amino acids) and R3 (51 amino acids) motifs of the sunflower MYB TFs contain typical amino acids, including a series of highly conserved tryptophan residues, which play a key role in sequence-specific DNA binding. In the MYB domain, both genes (Ha-R2R3-MYB1 and Ha-R2R3-MYB2) exhibit the highly conserved splicing arrangement of three exons and two introns. Using in situ hybridization, a weak level of Ha-R2R3-MYB1 transcription was uniformly spread in shoot apical meristem (SAM), as well as in axillary meristem (AM). By contrast, Ha-R2R3-MYB2 transcription was strongly restricted to a small domain within the boundary zone separating the SAM a.
Substitutional Mapping the Cooked Rice Elongation by Using Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines in Rice

The elongation of the cooked grain is very important trait in determining the quality of cooked rice grain. In this study, 103 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from 93-11/Nipponbare, an elite variety 93-11 as the recurrent parent, were used to identify quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling milled rice length (MRL), cooked rice length (CRL), and cooked rice elongation (CRE). In total, 12 QTLs for rice elongation traits were detected on chromosomes 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 11, among which two QTLs for MRL were located on chromosome 3, one QTL for MRL on chromosome 8, four QTLs for CRL on chromosome 3, 6, 8, and 9, and five QTLs for CRE on chromosome 4, 6, 9, 10, and 11. The additive effect of the QTL related to rice elongation ranged from -5.80 to -0.14, and the additive effect percentage of the QTL ranged from -12.26% to -1.72%. Furthermore, eight QTLs were mapped in interval less than 10.0 cM. Particularly, the qCRE-6 located in the region close to the Wx gene might be important for CRE trait, which might be primarily mapped by using CSSLS as well as could be applied in rice quality improvement based on approaches of marker-assisted selection (MAS).