Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Face Recognition Using Hyper Sausage Neuron Networks

Biometric authentication systems are generally utilized in different manners. One of the most generally utilized biometric systems is the face. The face is one path for every person to know one another and has their very own attributes or is extraordinary to every individual. The face recognition system is divided into three phase’s, namely pre-processing, feature extraction, and recognition. This paper combines Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for feature extraction and Hyper Sausage Neuron Networks (HSNN) for the face recognition system. LDA is used to overcome the resistant to changing image conditions, and HSNN can overcome high false acceptance problems on Traditional Pattern Recognition (TPR). The research used the face94 database with LDA-HSSN could enhance the accuracy of face recognition from the previous methods such as SVM with RBF kernel and KNN respectively 2.03% and 35.54%.
Degradabilidade ruminal in situ do sorgo grão em diferentes formas de reconstituição.

Foram utilizadas tres vacas nao lactantes fistuladas no rumen com o objetivo de determinar os parâmetros de degradacao ruminal in situ da materia seca (MS) e do amido de graos de sorgo sob diferentes formas de processamento: 1) Seco e moido (2mm); 2) Seco, moido (3mm), reidratado com aspersao de agua sobre o material, e imediatamente ensilado por 30 dias; 3) Seco, inteiro, reidratado por tres dias em tubo PVC e, em seguida, moido a 5mm; 4) Seco, inteiro, reidratado por tres dias em tubo PVC com aplicacao de ar comprimido e, em seguida, moido a 5mm; 5) Seco, inteiro, reidratado por tres dias em tubo PVC e, em seguida, moido a 5mm, e ensilado por 30 dias; 6) Seco, inteiro, reidratado por tres dias em tubo PVC com aplicacao de ar comprimido, moido a 5mm e ensilado por 30 dias. Os teores de proteina bruta, amido, e fibra em detergente neutro (% da MS) variaram de 9,8 a 10,8%; 59,5 a 67,5%; e de 16,1 a 19,3%, respectivamente. Os teores de umidade nos graos que foram reidratados variaram de 35,8 a 43,9% da MS. A taxa e a extensao de degradacao do amido e a degradabilidade potencial da MS foram semelhantes (P>0,05) entre tratamentos. Os graos de sorgo reidratados com aplicacao de ar comprimido, moidos e ensilados (tratamento 6) apresentaram degradabilidade efetiva (DE) da MS e DE do amido sob taxa de passagem ruminal de 2%/h, semelhantes (P>0,05) as observadas para o tratamento 5 (sem aplicacao de ar comprimido), e superiores (P<0,05) as dos demais processamentos. Sob taxas de passagem no rumen de 5 e 8%/h, as DE do amido estimadas para os graos processados no tratamento 6 foram superiores (P<0,05) as obtidas para os demais tratamentos. O processamento de reidratacao por tres dias com aplicacao de ar comprimido e ensilagem por trinta dias aumentou a degradabilidade efetiva da materia seca e do amido dos graos de sorgo, e sua utilizacao pode ser recomendada para animais em niveis intermediario e elevado de desempenho.
Understanding GANs in the LQG Setting: Formulation, Generalization and Stability

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have become a popular method to learn a probability model from data. In this paper, we provide an understanding of basic issues surrounding GANs including their formulation, generalization and stability on a simple LQG benchmark where the generator is Linear, the discriminator is Quadratic and the data has a high-dimensional Gaussian distribution. Even in this simple benchmark, the GAN problem has not been well-understood as we observe that existing state-of-the-art GAN architectures may fail to learn a proper generative distribution owing to (1) stability issues (i.e., convergence to bad local solutions or not converging at all), (2) approximation issues (i.e., having improper global GAN optimizers caused by inappropriate GAN’s loss functions), and (3) generalizability issues (i.e., requiring large number of samples for training). In this setup, we propose a GAN architecture which recovers the maximum-likelihood solution and demonstrates fast generalization. Moreover, we analyze global stability of different computational approaches for the proposed GAN and highlight their pros and cons. Finally, through experiments on MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets, we outline extensions of our model-based approach to design GANs in more complex setups than the considered Gaussian benchmark.
Antimalarial Activity of Some Kenyan Medicinal Plants

This paper describes the in vitro antimalarial activity of eight species of plants popularly used traditionally to treat malaria in Kenya. Organic and aqueous extracts from different parts of the plants were tested. Generally, a stronger antimalarial activity was observed in the organic extracts. The most active extracts were of Vernonia brachycalyx O. Hoffm. Schreber. (Compositae) leaves which showed an IC 50 of 6.6 µg/ml for methylene chloride: ethyl acetate (1:1) extracts, while the aqueous and more polar methanolic extracts gave IC 50 values of 29.6 and 30 µg/ml, respectively. The findings of this study support the use of this plant as a traditional remedy for malaria. The rest of the plants tested gave IC 50 values between 30–100 µg/ml.
Pesca artesanal de cangrejo dorado (Chaceon chilensis) en el archipielago de Juan Fernandez, Chile. Artisanal fishing for golden crab (Chaceon chilensis)

This work describes the artisanal golden crab (Chaceon chilensis) fishery off Robinson Crusoe and Santa Clara islands in the Juan Fernández archipelago (Chile) developed between July 2005 and May 2006. We report biological fishery aspects related to the fishing efforts and yields, the sexual proportion of the catch, and the results of a direct evaluation of the vulnerable biomass done using the trap area of influence method. The extraction was done mainly in the NE quadrant of both islands from wooden boats (9.0 m length). Monitoring was done during 157 fishing trips, in which 13,903 specimens were caught; most were males (97.5%). The average CPUEs were 16.7 specimens per trap and 13.5 commercial specimens per trap. Systematic sampling revealed the resource between 300 and 1000 m depth, with the greatest yields between 400 and 500 m depth (19.8 and 15.9 specimens per trap). Two stock assessment scenarios were considered and discussed for commercial-sized specimens in the currently exploited area (45.8 km). The first scenario estimated an effective radius for the traps of 13.4 m (564.1 m in area), obtaining a vulnerable biomass of 1002 tons, equivalent to 832,983 specimens. The second scenario considered a radius of 30.0 m, giving a vulnerable biomass of 203 tons, or 168,587 specimens.
Anthelmintic Treatment of Goats on an Arid Range and its Effect on Milk Production in Late Lactation

Abstract Mellado, M. , González, H. , García, J.E. and García, R. 2004. Anthelmintic treatment of goats on an arid range and its effect on milk production in late lactation. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 91–95. The effect of a single anthelmintic treatment (ClosantelR; subcutaneously at 8.0 mg kg1 BW) on milk production and its composition, live weight change and blood chemistry in mix-bred goats was studied in an arid zone of northern Mexico. Twelve adult goats towards the end of lactation (120 d; end of the rainy season) were treated, whereas ten adult goats were used as untreated controls. Fecal egg count (FEC) in the treated group dropped 93% (P<0.01) 21 days after treatment, but this FEC reduction did not affect liveweight change, milk yield and milk composition. These data suggest a high resilience of the host against the sub-clinical nematode infection, therefore, in this area goat milk producers are likely not to be benefited economically by using anthelmintics.
Transformation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars with a cry1Ac9 gene confers resistance to potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella)

Abstract Eight potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars were transformed with a modified cry1Ac9 gene under the transcriptional control of the CaMV 35S promoter using Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation with a nptII gene conferring kanamycin resistance as a selectable marker. Initially the transformation efficiency of two Agrobacterium strains (LBA4404 and AGL1) were compared using the potato cultivars ‘Iwa’ and ‘Ilam Hardy’. Both strains resulted in similar numbers of regenerated shoots, but there was a higher proportion of off‐types among plants transformed using the AGL1 strain. Subsequently, the cultivars ‘Karaka’, ‘Pacific’, ‘Red Rascal’, ‘Rua’, ‘Russet Burbank’, and ‘White Delight’ were transformed with strain LBA4404. Putatively transformed lines with kanamycin resistance were assayed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with an endogenous potato actin as an internal control. From a total of 116 lines, 105 were confirmed as being PCR‐positive for the nptII gene, of which 93 were also PCR‐positive for the presence of the cry1Ac9 gene. The amount of Cry protein in all transgenic lines tested was less than 60 ng/g fresh leaf tissue. The growth of potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) larvae was inhibited by foliage from greenhouse‐grown plants of 77 of the transgenic lines (P < 0.05). Fifty‐five of these resistant transgenic lines were described as having a phenotypic appearance comparable to the corresponding parental cultivars, when grown in the greenhouse. Southern analysis on four highly resistant lines revealed they contained two to five copies of the cry1Ac9 gene. Several transgenic lines severely reduced larval growth while exhibiting a phenotype similar to their parent cultivar. These lines warrant further investigation in the field.
Seed storage of Avicennia alba B1

Seeds of Avicennia alba BI. matured at high moisture content and were sensitive to desiccation: no seeds survived desiccation below 35% moisture content. The effect on survival of a factorial combination of five moist storage treatments (fresh seeds in a polyethylene bag, open with water sprayed over regularly, mixed with sand at 10% moisture content, mixed with moist paddy hulls, or naked seeds mixed with sand at 10% moisture content) and three temperatures (28-30degreesC, 17degreesC and 8-10degreesC) was investigated. In addition, seeds were mixed with sand at 5% moisture content and stored at 17degreesC in order to determine the effect of sand moisture content on seed moisture content and viability during storage. Avicennia alba showed recalcitrant seed storage behaviour, but 75% of the seeds remained viable after four months' moist (45-47% moisture content) storage in 10% moisture content sand at 17degreesC.
Genetic assay for multimerization of wild-type and mutant transthyretin

The most common form of familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is caused by the transthyretin (TTR) methionine 30 (Met30) mutation. However, the mechanisms of TTR-amyloid fibril formation remain poorly understood. We established a genetic assay based on the yeast two-hybrid system to study TTR inter-molecular interactions. Two functional domains of the GAL4 transcriptional activator were cloned into two different expression vectors. TTR monomeric sequences were fused with either of these two domains and co-expressed in yeast. An intense inter-molecular binding between wild-type TTR monomers was detected in the yeast, as indicated by the expression of β-galactosidase activity. When one of the wild-type TTR was replaced with Met30 mutant TTR, the β-galactosidase activity was reduced by more than 57%. When both fusion proteins contained Met30 mutant, the β-galactosidase activity was reduced by 84%. This result suggests that the presence of Met30 mutation markedly reduces TTR inter-molecular interaction in thi.
Effects of Aeration, Water Supply, and Nitrogen Source on Growth and Development of Tupelo Gum and Bald Cypress

Seedlings of tupelo gum (Nyssa aquatica L.) and bald cypress (Taxodium distichum L. Rich.) were cultured in saturated—aerated, saturated, and unsaturated soil. Experiments were designed to (1) measure and evaluate the relative reaction of tupelo and cypress to various soil—moisture conditions (2) determine the effects of aeration and water availability on plant moisture stress and growth; and (3) compare effects of two forms of nitrogen fertilizer (urea and nitrate) on growth. On the basis of height and dry weight, both tupelo and cypress grew best in saturated—aerated soil. Growth was better in saturated soil than in unsaturated soil, but only when water in the unsaturated soil decreased substantially below field capacity before rewatering. Plant moisture stress was determined by a pressure—bomb technique. For tupelo, average daily maximum tensions were 7.2 and 7.0 atm (atm = 1.013 bar) with saturated and unsaturated soil, respectively; for cypress, comparative tensions were 10.9 and 8. 5 atm. When soil .
Green fluorescent protein‐reporter mammalian one‐hybrid system for identifying novel transcriptional modulators for human p 14 ARF tumor suppressor gene

To improve conventional yeast one‐hybrid screening, we have developed an efficient mammalian one‐hybrid system that allows rapid isolation of complementary DNAs which are able to induce human p14 ARF tumor suppressor gene. A 1.5 kb promoter region of p14 ARF was fused to EGFP to generate ARF promoter‐EGFP reporter vector. This reporter plasmid was stably trans‐fected into NH3T3 cells for generation of reporter cell line. When the reporter cell line was infected with E2F‐1 together with excess amounts of empty vector, the cells that received the positive modulator were readily identifiable by green fluorescence using FACS. The GFP‐positive cells were cloned directly from the cultured cells and expanded in bulk culture. The genomic DNAs from GFP‐positive cells were prepared and the cDNA insert in integrated retroviral genome was recovered by PCR using primers annealing to the retroviral vector sequences flanking the insert‐cloning site. This system should be useful for efficient screening of expression cDNA libraries in mammalian cells to identify novel upstream regulators for specific genes by one‐hybrid interaction.
Volatile Fraction of Ewe's Milk Semi-Hard Cheese Manufactured with and without the Addition of a Cysteine Proteinase

A dynamic headspace technique (purge and trap) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for the study of the volatile fraction of pasteurized ewe's milk cheese. The effect of the addition of the cysteine proteinase of Micrococcus sp. INIA 528 to milk on the formation of volatile aroma compounds in cheese was also evaluated. Forty-five compounds, in total, were identified, including hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, terpenes and sulfur compounds. The abundance of most volatile compounds increased significantly (P < 0.05) with ripening time, except those of ethanol and 2,3-butanedione which decreased. Acetaldehyde and some minor components did not vary remarkably during ripening. Acetaldehyde, 2-methyl-I-butanal, 3-methyl-I-butanal, 2-propanol, 2-pentanone and 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol were the only compounds affected by the addition of cysteine proteinase. The more extensive proteolysis in cheese with cysteine proteinase might have enhanced the formation of volatile compounds derived from amino acids, such as acetaldehyde, 2-methyl-1-butanal and 3-methyl-I-butanal, formed from threonine, isoleucine and leucine breakdown, respectively.
High-power picosecond deep-UV source via group velocity matched frequency conversion

Powerful ultrashort pulses in the deep-ultraviolet (deep-UV) are beneficial for diverse applications from fundamental science to industrial materials processing. However, reaching high powers via conventional approaches is challenging due to three central issues: dispersion, multiphoton absorption, and optical damage. Here, we simultaneously overcome these issues with a novel fifth-harmonic generation architecture optimized for group velocity matching. We use tilted pulse fronts, including a noncollinear geometry in the final sum-frequency generation stage. This enables lower intensities and longer crystals, thereby favoring the birefringently phase matched χ(2) process over higher-order multiphoton absorption processes. Moreover, we demonstrate low-loss cascaded χ(2)-based spatiotemporal flattening of the input pulses, which enhances the uniformity of the conversion efficiency throughout the beam profile. Through these techniques, we realize a picosecond deep-UV generation source at 206 nm with record-high 2.5 W average output power and a repetition rate of 100 kHz. This result paves the way for a new era of high-power ultrafast deep-UV lasers.
The Association of Potato Consumption and Psychological Disorders in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 3 Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4 Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
Studies on the Efficacy of Twenty-Five-Hydroxycholecalciferol to Prevent Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Ross Broilers Fed Marginal Calcium to Market Age

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH)D ] 3 on tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broilers grown to market age. In Experiment 1, Ross cockerels were fed a mash diet marginal in calcium and adequate in phosphorus and cholecalciferol to 35 days of age in battery cages. Dietary 25-(OH)D was fed at 0 or 40 ug/kg during the starter (1-17 days) and grower (18-35 days) 3 phases. During the grower phase, there was third treatment in which 25-(OH)D was fed to 17 days of age 3 and then the control diet was fed to 35 days of age. Phytate phosphorus retention was measured at the end of each phase. In Experiment 2, Ross straight-run broilers were grown on litter and fed marginal calcium diets that were either crumbled (starter, 1-16 days) or pelleted (grower, 17-42 days; finisher 43-49 days). Dietary 25-(OH)D was fed at 0 or 69 ug/kg or a third treatment consisted of 69 ug/kg 25-(OH)D to 16 days 3 3 and the control diet to 49 days of age. Dietary 25-(OH)D did not affect growth performance or incidence of 3 TD in either experiment. In Experiment 1, phytate phosphorus retention was increased by feeding 25-(OH)D3 only in the grower phase. Bone ash at 35 days in Experiment 1 and bone strength at 48 days in Experiment 2 were not affected. The results show that Ross broilers have a low incidence of TD when marginal calcium is fed and do not require dietary 25-(OH)D to prevent TD or improve bone strength. 3
The identification of larvae of eight graminivorous species of the sawfly genus Dolerus Panzer 1801 (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) regularly found in grass and cereal fields in southern England

Research into the biology, ecology, and pest status of sawflies of the genus Dolerus is limited by the lack of full published descriptions and illustrated keys to larvae. This study provides full larval descriptions and an illustrated larval key for eight graminivorous Dolerus species commonly found in grassland and cereals in southern Britain, including the larva of D. puncticollis Thomson which has not previously been described. The species are briefly compared with some of the non-graminivorous species. Significant characters for the genus were: labrum shape and setal number, length of malar space relative to eye diameter, number of glandubae on abdominal segments, degree of pigmentation of dorsal surface relative to ventral surface and extent of pigmentation over prolegs.
A Relaxed Quantization Training Method for Hardware Limitations of Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM)-Based Computing-in-Memory

Nonvolatile computing-in-memory (nvCIM) exhibits high potential for neuromorphic computing involving massive parallel computations and for achieving high energy efficiency. nvCIM is especially suitable for deep neural networks, which are required to perform large amounts of matrix–vector multiplications. However, a comprehensive quantization algorithm has yet to be developed, which overcomes the hardware limitations of resistive random access memory (ReRAM)-based nvCIM, such as the number of I/O, word lines (WLs), and ADC outputs. In this article, we propose a quantization training method for compressing deep models. The method comprises three steps: input and weight quantization, ReRAM convolution (ReConv), and ADC quantization. ADC quantization optimizes the error sampling problem by using the Gumbel-softmax trick. Under a 4-bit ADC of nvCIM, the accuracy only decreases by 0.05% and 1.31% for the MNIST and CIFAR-10, respectively, compared with the corresponding accuracies obtained under an ideal ADC. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is effective for compensating the hardware limitations of nvCIM macros.
Adaptive Significance of Floral Movement

Since Darwin observed the reconfiguration of pollinia in orchards and referred to it as a function to reduce self-pollination, diverse floral movements have been investigated and various hypotheses have been proposed to explain their adaptive significance. However, adaptive significance of floral movement in some species has yet to be fully explained. Increasing evidence suggests that some floral movements, which have previously been considered as a mechanism to avoid self-pollination, may act as a mechanism to reduce intrafloral male-female interference. In this review, we first explore insect-induced floral movement—such as secondary pollen presentation—that enhances the efficiency and accuracy of pollination. Secondly, we outline the active movements of different floral structures of pistil (style), stamen (filament, anther, pollen), and corolla, such as flexistyly, pollen sliding and catapulting, and anther rotation. Thirdly, we introduce movement herkogamy, which makes herkogamy decrease or increase via the movements of floral structures, especially decreased approach herkogamy via style curvature in the Malvaceae with a monadelphous column. Fourthly, we highlight the different adaptive significances in floral movements for understanding their evolution, including reduction in intrafloral male–female interference, promotion of outcrossing and/or avoidance of self-pollination, delayed autonomous selfing, and tolerance to harsh environments. In particular, we explore the possibility of three functions of one floral movement in one species, which differs from the generally recognized and conventional notion of one floral movement in one species with only one or two functional mechanisms. Finally, we provide perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for using demographic and molecular genetic approaches to (i) study the relative importance and evolutionary mechanism of different adaptive significances in one floral movement; and (ii) simultaneously investigate the floral movement and correlative traits of broader species in related or unrelated families to test how they evolved and the evolutionary relationship between their functions.