Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity of Zizania latifolia Griseb. from Poyang Lake Basin Based on SSR and ISSR Analysis

Genetic diversity of 30 local wild rice populations of Zizania latifolia collected from the Poyang Lake valley was investigated using SSR(simple sequence repeat) and ISSR( inter⁃simple sequence repeat)markers. 253 bands were generated from 19 pairs of informative SSR primers with an average polymorphism percentage bands (PPB)of 91. 67% . The average index of Nei′s genetic diversity(He) and Shannon′s information( I)were 0. 2712 and 0. 4144,respectively. The genetic similarity index(GS)and genetic distance(GD)ranged from 0. 5590 0. 8368 and 0. 1632 0. 4410,respectively. In comparison,with 14 informative ISSR primers,83 bands were amplified with an average PPB of 78. 29% . The average of He and I were 0. 2386 and 0. 4174,respectively. The GS and GD ranged from 0. 5132 0. 9342 and 0. 0658 0. 4868,respectively. Cluster analysis showed that 30 wild populations of Z. latifolia could be classified into three groups respectively at the threshold of 0. 698 and 0. 728 based on SSR and IS⁃ SR genotypes using the UPGMA analysis. There was no significant association between the phylogenetic relationship and the geographic locations in the Z. latifolia populations which might be due to human activity,water flow,animal 植 物 遗 传 资 源 学 报 16 卷 activity,wind,etc. The results indicated that the wild populations of Z. latifolia from the Poyang Lake valley had a rich genetic diversity in SSR and ISSR genotype and thus it was of great importance to explore genetic evolution and gene resources and to preserve the local Z. latifolia populations in this area and expanded area.
Effects of Processing on Physicochemical Properties and Efficacy of β-Glucan from Oat and Barley

β-Glucan from oat and barley is a viscous soluble fiber with proven health benefits. The highly viscous nature of β-glucan has been shown to be a key factor in improving glycemic response and lowering cholesterol. Because viscosity is a function of β-glucan concentration, solubility, and molecular weight (MW), external factors affecting one or more of these properties have the potential to influence human physiological responses. Processing methods commonly used in the manufacturing and preparation of oat and barley foods include heat treatment of the grain, milling, flaking, baking, freezing, extrusion, dough resting, and addition of ingredients. These processing methods have been shown to impact β-glucan MW and solubility, resulting in altered β-glucan viscosity. Understanding the positive and negative effects of various processing methods on β-glucan is valuable for the development of food products that are high in β-glucan and have physiological benefits.
Four New Stilbene Oligomers in the Root of Gnetum gnemon

Four new stilbene oligomers, gnemonols G, H, I, and J (1–4), were isolated from acetone extract of the root of Gnetum gnemon along with five known stilbenoids, ampelopsin E, cis-ampelopsin E, gnetins C, D, and E. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
TOWARDS INFORMATION RETRIEVAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS

This work describes an initial research for expanding the common characteristics of Information Retrieval (IR) to the appearing Internet of Things (IoT). Starting with latest advances of IoT the authors briefly sketch several examples when IR can become beneficial for end-users. Next, the article gives an analytical interpretation of typical IoT characteristics seen in the recent developments. Resting on common IR procedure and widely used IR metrics as well as using previously given IoT characteristics the authors derive several basic characteristics for IR in IoT. Finally, the paper is finalized by conclusion and outlook.
Synthesis and phytotoxicity of 4,5 functionalized tetrahydrofuran-2-ones

In this work we report a versatile synthesis of fourteen γ-lactones all structurally related, nine of which are novel compounds, accomplished from the readily available furfural. The phytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated in vitro by the influence on the growth of wheat coleoptiles. The percentages of inhibition were mostly small and not statistically different from control after the third dilution (100 µmol L-1). In general, α,β-unsaturated lactones presented better activities than the saturated ones. The most active compounds presented 51, 68 and 76% of inhibition in 1000 µmol L-1. The results indicate that regardless of saturation, the presence of the γ-lactone moiety is important for the bioactivity, but their presence has no implications with potency.
Autotrophic Denitrification for Nitrate Removal from Groundwater with an Integrated Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs)- microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) System

Bioelectrochemical system (BES) that is self-sufficient was developed to treat nitrate in groundwater, which consists of air cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). Without external power, the highest nitrate removal rate and the highest removal efficiency of autotrophic denitrification MFC were 10.6 mg/(L·d) and 56.5%, respectively. However, the highest denitrification rate increased to 13.5 mg/(L·d) when three air cathode MFCs (0.8 V) were adopted in series as the power source for autotrophic denitrification MEC, which was 27.4% higher than that of autotrophic denitrification MFC. In addition, the nitrate removal efficiency was as high as 80.6%, which was the same to that of the conventional biological nitrogen removal (BNR). Thereby, autotrophic denitrification was significantly improved in MFCs-MEC and the hybrid system made BES more feasible in treating low ionic strength water (<1000 μS/cm) like groundwater. Furthermore, excessive organic input to groundwater was avoided by the autotrophic denitrification which might cause secondary pollution to it.
National Innovation System in Indonesia : Present Status and Challenges 1

Awareness on contribution of science and technology (S&T) on economic development has significantly increased among policy makers in Indonesia as indicated in recently launched Master Plan of Indonesian Economic Development (known as MP3EI), where increasing technology contribution has been acknowledged as one of three main strategies. However, a lot of works have to done in both sides of the coin: technology and economic development.
astragaloside-IV-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on PLGA-NPs-SIS can be used for abdominal wall reconstruction

A combination of stem cells, scaffold materials, nanoparticles (NPs), and physiological factors can be used to engineer a tissue that can replace or improve the function of the damaged tissue. This study was designed to assess whether astragaloside (aS)-IV-activated rat bonemarrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), seeded on a nano-biological mesh composed of small intestinal submucosa (SIS) modified with poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) NPs (PLGA-NPs-SIS), can promote cell engraftment, proliferation, and mesh incorporation into the tissue upon implantation. aS-IV-induced BMSCs cultured with PLGA-NPs-SIS showed enhanced viability and proliferation as well as reduced apoptosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor, type I and II collagen, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were upregulated, whereas matrix metalloproteinase and interleukin-6 were downregulated in these BMSCs. Pre-seeded BMSCs induced with aS-IV engrafted in a rat abdominal wall defect model showed migratory and proliferative capacities while enhancing vascularity at the musculofascial/graft interface. These findings imply that the nano-biological mesh composed of aS-IV-induced BMSCs seeded on PLGA-NPs-SIS can be used for abdominal wall reconstruction.
Synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence properties of CaSiO3 : Dy3+ nanophosphors

CaSiO3 : Dy3+ (1–5 mol. %) nanophosphors were synthesized by a simple low-temperature solution combustion method. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the phosphors are crystalline and can be indexed to a monoclinic phase. Scanning electron micrographs exhibited faceted plates and angular crystals of different sizes with a porous nature. Photoluminescence properties of the Dy3+-doped CaSiO3 phosphors were observed and analyzed. Emission peaks at 483, 573 and 610 nm corresponding to Dy3+ were assigned as 4F9/2 → 6H15/2, 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H11/2 transitions, respectively, and dominated by the Dy3+ 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 hyperfine transition. Experimental results revealed that the luminescence intensity was affected by both heat treatment and the concentration of Dy3+ (1–5 mol. %) in the CaSiO3 host. Optimal luminescence conditions were achieved when the concentration of Dy3+ was 2 mol. %. UV–visible absorption features an intense band at 240 nm, which corresponds to an O–Si ligand-to-metal charge transfer band in the group. The optical energy band gap for the undoped sample was found to be 5.45 eV, whereas in Dy3+-doped phosphors it varies in the range 5.49–5.65 eV. The optical energy gap widens with increase of Dy3+ ion dopant.
Detecting efficiency‐limiting defects in Czochralski‐grown silicon wafers in solar cell production using photoluminescence imaging

Only recently, methods for quality control of multicrystalline silicon wafers have been published, which allow the efficiency of solar cells to be predicted precisely from photoluminescence (PL) images taken in the as‐cut state. In this letter it is shown that oxygen precipitates, present in standard Czochralski silicon wafers, can cause efficiency losses of more than 4% (absolute) within an industrial solar cell proc‐ ess. These efficiency losses correlate with ring‐like defect structures of reduced intensity in the PL image. In comparison with QSSPC‐based lifetime measurements, we introduce a PL‐based method of quality control which allows the critical wafers to be identified and sorted out reliably at an early state of production and thus increases yield and average efficiency of production lines. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
THE RURAL-URBAN GAP AND THE POLICY RESPONSE: A STUDY OF POST-INDEPENDENCE INDIA

The rural-urban gap in development attainment has attracted the attention of many economists. Lewis, Fei-Ranis, and Harish-Todaro models focus on the rural-urban dualism in underdeveloped economies and proceed to illustrate how the economies get transformed in the process of development. When India attained independence in 1947, it was a predominantly rural, agricultural and colonially exploited poor country. During the last seven decades of development effort the country have achieved many heights and got slowly but steadily urbanized. In an attempt to bridge the rural urban gaps in development attainment, Government’s rural development policies got continuously evolved during this period. The present paper traces the changing phased of policy of rural development in Independent India and examines the outcomes of these policies in terms of the trends in the rural-urban disparities in some key development indicators. The study shows a distinct sign of reduction in the disparity over the years.
Labor Productivity Improvement in the Industrial Construction Projects based on Effective Factors Utilization

Poor productivity among construction workers is one of the main causes of cost and time overruns, as well as poor quality and lack of safety in construction projects. Considering that a multitude of factors simultaneously affect labor productivity, the aim of this study is to identify and rank the most influential factors. In this regard, based on the literature, review a practical classification method is presented using a Factor Breakdown Structure which sorts the initial list of 430 factors into 5 levels and 4 main groups: Management, External, Human, and Technical. In an effort to quantify the workers’ perspective on labor productivity, a number of structured questionnaires (including 45 factors) were distributed among a group of craft workers, technicians, and engineers. Two different fields of industrial construction were analyzed through the following case studies: 1) Construction jobsite located in South Pars Gas Filed development phase 12, Assaluyeh, Iran; and 2) South Khorasan cement factory, Khorasan, Iran. The findings revealed that weather, management, motivation and incentives, tools, planning and materials have the greatest impact on labor productivity in South Pars Gas Field. Additional factors were pulled from the second case study. Finally, some guides are presented for improving labor productivity.
On the electrical conductivity of microbial nanowires and biofilms

Dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria (DMRB), such as Geobacter and Shewanella spp. , occupy a distinct metabolic niche in which they acquire energy by coupling oxidation of organic fuels with reduction of insoluble extracellular electron acceptors (i.e., minerals). Their unique extracellular electron transfer (EET) capabilities extend to reduction of anodes (electrodes maintained at sufficiently positive potentials) on which they form persistent, electric current generating biofilms. One hypothesis describing the mechanism of EET by Geobacter and Shewanella spp. involves superexchange in which electrons are conducted by a succession of electron transfer reactions among redox proteins associated with the outer cell membranes, aligned along pilus-like filaments (e.g.pili), and/or throughout the extracellular matrix. Here we present theory, previously developed to describe superexchange within abiotic redox polymers, to describe superexchange within DMRB biofilms grown on anodes. We show that this theory appears to apply to recent ex situ measurements of electrical conductivity by individual pilus-like filaments of S. oneidensis MR-1 and G. sulfurreducensDL1, referred to as microbial nanowires. Microbial nanowires have received much recent attention because they are thought by some to impart electrical conductivity to DMRB biofilms and because of the prospect of microbe-produced conductive nanomaterials. We also show that this theory appears to apply to preliminary in situ demonstration of electrical conductivity of an anode-grown G. sulfurreducensDL1 biofilm. Based on these results we suggest a role for nanowires of S. oneidensis and G. sulfurreducens in biofilm conductivity.
Gene-level analysis of rare variants in 363,977 whole exome sequences reveals an association of GIGYF1 loss of function with diabetes

Sequencing of large cohorts offers an unprecedented opportunity to identify rare genetic variants and to find novel contributors to human disease. We used gene-based collapsing tests to identify genes associated with glucose, HbA1c and T2D diagnosis in 363,977 exome-sequenced participants in the UK Biobank. We identified known associations with diabetes including variants in GCK, HNF1A and PDX1, genes involved in Mendelian forms of diabetes. Novel associations were identified for GIGYF1 predicted loss of function (pLOF), TNRC6B pLOF and PFAS predicted damaging missense variants. Multiple rare variants contributed to these associations, including singleton variants. The most significant novel associations were seen for GIGYF1 pLOF which associated with increased levels of glucose (0.77 mmol/L increase, p = 4.42 x 10-12) and HbA1c (4.33 mmol/mol, p = 1.28 x 10-14) as well as T2D diagnosis (OR = 4.15, p= 6.14 x 10-11). GIGYF1 pLOF also associated with decreased cholesterol levels as well as an increased risk of hypothyroidism. An independent common variant association for glucose and T2D was identified at GIGYF1 which replicated in additional datasets. Our results highlight the role of GIGYF1 in regulating insulin signaling and protecting from diabetes.
MWCNT/Fibrin Bionanocomposites by in situ Enzymatic Polymerization

In this work multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/fibrin hybrid structures were synthesized via the transglutaminase-catalyzed polymerization of fibrinogen (FBG). Specifically, FBG was tethered onto oxidized MWCNTs by amide coupling, and the in situ polymerization of FBG to fibrin was performed by plasma transglutaminase (Factor XIIIa) in the presence of thrombin. The attached FBG was found to be biologically active and was polymerized to fibrin by thrombin and Factor XIIIa. MWCNT-FBG and MWCNT-Fibrin structures were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy.
Multi-modal Egocentric Activity Recognition using Audio-Visual Features

 Abstract —Egocentric activity recognition in first-person videos has an increasing importance with a variety of applications such as lifelogging, summarization, assisted-living and activity tracking. Existing methods for this task are based on interpretation of various sensor information using pre-determined weights for each feature. In this work, we propose a new framework for egocentric activity recognition problem based on combining audio-visual features with multi-kernel learning (MKL) and multi-kernel boosting (MKBoost). For that purpose, firstly grid optical-flow, virtual-inertia feature, log-covariance, cuboid are extracted from the video. The audio signal is characterized using a ‘supervector’, obtained based on Gaussian mixture modelling of frame-level features, followed by a maximum a-posteriori adaptation. Then, the extracted multi-modal features are adaptively fused by MKL classifiers in which both the feature and kernel selection/weighing and recognition tasks are performed together. The proposed framework was evaluated on a number of egocentric datasets. The results showed that using multi-modal features with MKL outperforms the existing methods.
Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms for Bearing Fault Diagnostics - A Comprehensive Review

—In this survey paper, we systematically summarize the current literature on studies that apply machine learning (ML) and data mining techniques to bearing fault diagnostics. Conventional ML methods, including artiﬁcial neural network (ANN), principal component analysis (PCA), support vector machines (SVM), etc., have been successfully applied to detecting and categorizing bearing faults since the last decade, while the application of deep learning (DL) methods has sparked great interest in both the industry and academia in the last ﬁve years. In this paper, we will ﬁrst review the conventional ML methods, before taking a deep dive into the latest developments in DL algorithms for bearing fault applications. Speciﬁcally, the superiority of the DL based methods over the conventional ML methods are analyzed in terms of metrics directly related to fault feature extraction and classiﬁer performances; the new functionalities offered by DL techniques that cannot be accomplished before are also summarized. In addition, to obtain a more intuitive insight, a comparative study is performed on the classiﬁer performance and accuracy for a number of papers utilizing the open source Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing data set. Finally, based on the nature of the time-series 1-D data obtained from sensors monitoring the bearing conditions, recommendations and suggestions are provided to applying DL algorithms on bearing fault diagnostics based on speciﬁc applications, as well as future research directions to further improve its performance.
EOS9nT: A TOUGH2 module for the Simulation of Flow and Solute/Colloid Transport

EOS9nT is a new TOUGH2 module for the simulation of flow and transport of an arbitrary number n of tracers (solutes and/or colloids) in the subsurface. The module first solves the flow-related equations, which are comprised of (a) the Richards equation and, depending on conditions, may also include (b) the flow equation of a dense brine or aqueous suspension and/or (c) the heat equation. A second set of transport equations, corresponding to the n tracers, are then solved sequentially. The low concentrations of the n tracers are considered to have no effect on the liquid phase, thus making possible the decoupling of their equations. The first set of equations in EOS9nT provides the flow regime and account for fluid density variations due to thermal and/or solute concentration effects. The n tracer transport equations account for sorption, radioactive decay, advection, hydrodynamic dispersion, molecular diffusion, as well as filtration (for colloids only). EOS9nT can handle gridblocks or irregular geometry in three-dimensional domains. Preliminary results from four 1-D verification problems show an excellent agreement between the numerical predictions and the known analytical solutions.
Reduction of Tungsten Oxide: A Path Towards Dual Functionality Utilization for Efficient Anode and Cathode Interfacial Layers in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Here, we report on the dual functionality of tungsten oxide for application as an efficient electron and hole injection/transport layer in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). We demonstrate hybrid polymer light‐emitting diodes (Hy‐PLEDs), based on a polyfluorene copolymer, by inserting a very thin layer of a partially reduced tungsten oxide, WO2.5, at the polymer/Al cathode interface to serve as an electron injection and transport layer. Significantly improved current densities, luminances, and luminous efficiencies were achieved, primarily as a result of improved electron injection at the interface with Al and transport to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the polymer, with a corresponding lowering of the device driving voltage. Using a combination of optical absorption, ultraviolet spectoscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photovoltaic open circuit voltage measurements, we demonstrate that partial reduction of the WO3 to WO2.5 results in the appearance of new gap states just below the conduction band edge in the previously forbidden gap. The new gap states are proposed to act as a reservoir of donor electrons for enhanced injection and transport to the polymer LUMO and decrease the effective cathode workfunction. Moreover, when a thin tungsten oxide film in its fully oxidized state (WO3) is inserted at the ITO anode/polymer interface, further improvement in device characteristics was achieved. Since both fully oxidized and partially reduced tungsten oxide layers can be deposited in the same chamber with well controlled morphology, this work paves the way for the facile fabrication of efficient and stable Hy‐OLEDs with excellent reproducibility.
Association Measures for Metric Scales

Depending on the permissible transformations, four types of metric scales may be distinguished: the absolute scale, the ratio scale, the additive scale and the interval scale. For each of these metric scales a standardizing transformation is presented. A general formulation of a coefficient of asso¬ ciation for two variables of the same metric scale type is developed. Some properties of this general coefficient are discussed. It is shown that the matrix containing coeffi¬ cients of this kind between any number of variables is Gramian. After the proper standardizing transformation of the variables the general coefficient reduces to a specific coefficient of association for each of the four metric scales. Two of these coefficients are well known, the product-moment correlation and Tucker's congruence coeffi¬ cient. Applications of the new coefficients are briefly dis¬ cussed .