Genômica comparativa de Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria: Chroococcales), com ênfase em genes envolvidos com síntese de produtos naturais

Comparative genomics of Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria: Chroococales), with emphasis on genes related to natural product synthesis The wide metabolic diversity of cyanobacteria is associated not only with their importance in biogeochemical cycles, but also with their global distribution. Such a feature is also responsible for the ability of these organisms to produce a wide variety of substances with unusual structures and activities of interest to man. Microcystis is a cyanobacterial genus recognized as a producer of more than two hundred natural products, including cyanotoxins. Microcystis aeruginosa is a species frequently found in cyanobacterial blooms, thus causing concerns about its ecological influence, especially in freshwater bodies used for human consumption. In this way, the objective of this work was the survey of the diversity and quantity of secondary metabolites that can be produced by the species, through genomic analyzes, besides variables that can potentially interfere in the computational analyzes, searching for patterns in the species, and comparing 18 strains from all the continents. A total of 235 clusters, categorized in 12 classes according to the structure of their products, were found in the 18 strains, evidencing the richness of clusters related to the secondary metabolism found in this species. Of these clusters, the most abundant belong to the categories of Terpenes, Hybrids, Bacteriocins and NRPS. Among NRPS, none were common to all strains. Also, the number of groups ranged from 6 to 21, and the number of product categories ranged from 4 to 10, showing a heterogeneous distribution of predicted groupings and types of metabolites. Such a heterogeneous distribution was detailed for a better understanding of this pattern found in the species. Of the NRPS clusters, the three most frequent were selected for a detailed analysis of their structure and sequence: aeruginosin (15 strains), microcystin (11 strains), and micropeptin (15 strains). The micropeptide cluster found in the SPC777, TAIHU98 and PCC 9806 strains was widely dissimilar to the reference, só potentially indicating an identification error caused by the antiSMASH platform used to locate the clusters. Genomic collinearity analyzes showed a very low synteny among the genomes of the strains under analysis, suggesting frequent events of genomic reorganization. Also, pangenome analyzes show a scenario in which more genomes of this species are needed for the estimation of the total amount of different genes the species may possess, which is interesting for future studies conserning secondary metabolites. Coregenome analyzes point to a reliable estimate of 1,944 genes common to all genomes of this species, which corresponds to 30% up to 50% of the genes in each strain. Statistical analyzes point to different degrees of non-linear interference of the number of contiguous sequences on the observation of different patterns of other genomic characteristics, suggesting necessary caution about expectations regarding the secondary metabolism in case of strains in which the gene assembly exceeds the approximate upper limit of 100 contiguous sequences.