Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Common eye diseases in children of rural community in Goro district, Central Ethiopia

Background: Very few reports exist regarding the causes of ocular morbidity in children of rural community in Ethiopia. Objective: To identify the causes of ocular morbidity in children of rural community. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2003 and February 2003 to identify common eye diseases in children. A cluster sample of village were randomly taken from 7peasant association in Goro district, Southwest Ethiopia. All children (<15 years) in the selected villages were registered and their eyes examined. Visual acuity was also taken for children older than 5 years. Result: The study included 826 children, 438 (53%) males and 388 (47%) females, whose age range from birth to 15 years. One or more ocular disease was detected in 55% (CI: 52,58) of children examined. Trachoma was found to be the leading cause of ocular morbidity 33.7% (CI: 32.2, 35.2) followed by refractive error 6.3% (CI: 6.0, 6.6) and nontrachomatous conjunctivitis 5.9% (CI: 5.5, 6.3). Refractive error was the leading cause of subnormal and low vision among children aged 6 to 15 years. Conclusion: Provision of health education and primary eye care as well as the implementation of the SAFE strategy by trained local health personnel will prevent and alleviate the common causes of ocular morbidity in children of this community. [Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2005;19(2):148-152]
The benthic macro-invertebrate diversity in relation to water quality of a stream habitat at Dediyagala, Sri Lanka

The streams collect sediment and other fine and particulate material from their watersheds and transport them downstream as fluvial material. Macro-benthos is the most important secondary producers in stream ecosystem and their diversity explains the water quality of a stream to a greater extent. The present study determines the water quality and macro-benthos diversity at five sites of the 180m stream stretch at Dediyagala for a period of three months from February to April in 2012. Random samples were collected using a Surber sampler for benthos, and a Ruttner sampler for water samples. Water discharge was significantly different from headwater (0.0198 m3s-1) to downstream (0.0456 m3s−1). Bottom substrate was non uniform according to Uniformity Coefficient analysis except at two sampling sites of cascade and riffle habitats. There was no significant site specific or time specific variations in water temperature, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD3), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and orthophosphate concentration. Nitrate concentration, dissolved oxygen (DO) and organic matter content of lithophytes varied significantly among the sampling sites (P<0.05). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that TDS and DO were the most important parameters for explaining the water quality of the stream stretch studied whereas BOD3 was important only for the downstream site. The most abundant families of benthic organisms in the stream were Hydropsychidae, Helicopsychidae, Leptophelibiidae and Psephenidae which belonged to the orders of Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Coleoptera. A Significant positive correlation was observed between DO and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (R2=0.815, P< 0.05). Family Biotic Index (FBI) ranged between 2.63 and 3.16 indicating that water quality was suitable for healthy growth of macro−invertebrates in the stream.
Experimental Study of Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste Components

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of virgin low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and mixtures of LDPE/PP were carried out in a 200 mL laboratory scale batch reactor at 460 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the thermal and catalytic degradation of the polymers at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The amount of PP was varied in the LDPE/PP mixture to explore its effect on the reaction. In thermal degradation (TGA) of LDPE/PP blends, a lower decomposition temperature was observed for LDPE/PP mixtures compared to pure LDPE, indicating interaction between the two polymer types. In the presence of a catalyst (CAT-2), the degradation temperatures for the pure polymers were reduced. The TGA results were validated in a batch reactor using PP and LDPE, respectively. The result from thermal pyrolysis showed that the oil product contained significant amounts of hydrocarbons in the ranges of C7–C12 (gasoline range) and C13–C20 (diesel range). The catalyst enhanced cracking at lower temperatures and narrowed the hydrocarbon distribution in the oil towards the lower molecular weight range (C7–C12). The result suggests that the oil produced from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics has a potential as an alternative fuel.
Evaluation of sinks and sources of CO2 in the global coastal ocean using a spatially‐explicit typology of estuaries and continental shelves

The exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and the global coastal ocean was evaluated from a compilation of air‐water CO2 fluxes scaled using a spatially‐explicit global typology of inner estuaries (excluding outer estuaries such as large river deltas) and continental shelves. The computed emission of CO2 to the atmosphere from estuaries (+0.27 ± 0.23 PgC yr−1) is ∼26% to ∼55% lower than previous estimates while the sink of atmospheric CO2 over continental shelf seas (−0.21 ± 0.36 PgC yr−1) is at the low end of the range of previous estimates (−0.22 to −1.00 PgC yr−1). The air‐sea CO2 flux per surface area over continental shelf seas (−0.7 ± 1.2 molC m−2 yr −1) is the double of the value in the open ocean based on the most recent CO2 climatology. The largest uncertainty of scaling approaches remains in the availability of CO2 data to describe the spatial variability, and to capture relevant temporal scales of variability.
Winning Peace Frames: Intra-Ethnic Outbidding in Northern Ireland and Cyprus

Ethnic outbidding in divided societies can have dire political consequences, ranging from the derailment of peace processes to inter-ethnic warfare. This article investigates the conditions contributing to successful outbidding within the framework of protracted peace negotiations by using the contrasting cases of Northern Ireland and Cyprus. Evidence demonstrates that successful outbidders are able to exploit the fears of their communities with respect to inter-ethnic compromise while identifying appropriate strategies and opportunities for redressing these grievances. The article demonstrates that the degree of outbidding success over the long term derives from combining diagnostic and prognostic frames linked to credible political and constitutional strategies.
Emotion Detecting System

: Facial expression recognition has many potential applications that had attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. In this paper, a proposed system for analyzing the facial emotions is presented. Where features are extracted by applying geometric of the distances that are determined by using the locations of the basic facial components through detecting mouth. Then evaluate them by using the standard dataset "CK" which have been used as test material for testing the results. The percentage of recognition was around 96% when the basic emotion classes were tested, which is considered to be high when compared with the results of other newly ‎published works.
Validation of Prozone ®: A new video-based performance analysis system

Prozone® is a new computerised video system that allows the tracking of many individuals performing a sporting activity. The aim of this study was to validate the Prozone® measurement system when measuring displacement velocities on a football pitch. Six male, recreationally active, subjects participated in the study. The subjects performed a series of runs in a straight line and different directions. The following runs were performed and tracked with the Prozone® system: 60m runs, 50m curved runs (30m straight, 20m angled) at different speeds (7 km/h, 11 km/h, 14 km/h, 19 km/h, and 23 km/h), one maximal sprint of 15m and a 20m sprint with a 90 degree turn (10m straight, 10 m left or right) in different zones of the Old Trafford and Reebook Stadiums. The subjects performed the 60m and 50m curved runs at a predetermined pace with an audio velocity control. For the short distances, the subjects were asked to run as fast as possible. For all runs, timing gates data were compared to tracking data measured with Prozone ®. The average velocity recorded by the Prozone ® system during the paced runs of 60m and 50m showed an excellent correlation (r = 0.999; Total error 0.05, Limits of agreement 0.12) with the average velocity measured by timing gates. Similar correlation (r = 0.970; Total error 0.23, Limits of agreement 0.85) was recorded during the maximal 15m sprint and during the maximal 20m sprint with right or left turns (r = 0.960; Total error 0.05, Limits of agreement 0.12). The results of this study show that Prozone® represents a valid motion analysis system for analysing movement patterns of footballers on a football pitch.
An Efficient Implementation of the Transitive Closure Problem on Intel KNL Architecture

An important trend in modern supercomputing is a frequent usage of co-processors, such as GPUs and Intel Xeon PHIs. The recent generation of Intel Knights Landing processors provide high performance computational power with a large amount of high-bandwidth memory, what makes them a perfect platform for graph-processing. The presented study describes implementation approaches to large-scale graph processing on Intel KNL processors; as a sample problem, the transitive closure computation is discussed. Based on the joint analysis of algorithm properties and architecture features, the performance tuning has been performed, including graph storage format optimizations, efficient usage of memory hierarchy and vectorization. As a result, an optimized algorithm implementation for the transitive closure problem solution has been developed. The proposed implementation has been studied using different approaches, aimed at demonstrating advantages and disadvantages of Intel KNL architecture in solving graph-processing problems.
Optimal Economic Ordering Policy with Trade Credit and Discount Cash-Flow Approach

In this paper, an inventory model for deteriorating items under two levels of trade credit will be established. The trade credit policy depends on the retailer’s order quantity. When the retailer’s order quantity is greater than or equal to a predetermined quantity, both of the supplier and the retailer are taking trade credit policy; otherwise, the delay in payments is not permitted. Since the same cash amount has different values at different points of time, the discount cash-flow (DCF) is used to analysis the inventory model. The purpose of this paper is to find an optimal ordering policy to minimizing the present value of all future cash-flows cost by using DCF approach. The method to determine the optimal ordering policy efficiently is presented. Some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the model and sensitivity of some important parameters are illustrated the optimal solutions.
Adsorption kinetics and modeling of H2S by treated waste oil fly ash

ABSTRACT Waste oil fly ash (OFA) collected from disposal of power generation plants was treated by physicochemical activation technique to improve the surface properties of OFA. This synthesized material was further used for potential hydrogen sulfide (H2S) adsorption from synthetic natural gas. The raw OFA was basically modified with a mixture of acids (20% nitric acid [HNO3] and 80% phosphoric acid [H3PO4]), and it was further treated with 2 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) to enhance the surface affinity as well as surface area of synthesized activated carbon. Correspondingly, it enhanced the adsorption of H2S. Crystallinity, surface morphology, and pore volume distribution of prepared activated carbon were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study was also performed to identify the functional groups during different synthesis stages of modified activated carbon. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, and dual-site Langmuir (DSL) models were used to study the kinetic and breakthrough behavior of H2S adsorption over alkali-modified activated carbon. Modeling results of isotherms indicated that OFA has dual sites with high and low affinity for H2S adsorption. The Clark model, Thomas model, and Yoon-Nelson model were used to examine the effects of flow rate and inlet concentration on the adsorption of H2S. Maximum uptake capacity of 8.5 mg/g was achieved at 100 ppm inlet concentration and flow rate of 0.2 L/min. Implications: Utilization of worthless oil fly ash from power plant is important not only for cleaning the environment but also for solid waste minimization. This research scope is to eradicate one pollutant by using another pollutant (waste ash) as a raw material. Chemical functionalization of synthesized activated carbon from oil fly ash would lead to attachment of functional groups of basic nature to attract the acidic H2S. Such type of treatment can enhance the uptake capacity of sorbent several times.
A Novel Security Based Data Transmission Protocol for Cluster Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Device to device communications in cellular networks are promising frameworks for enhancing network spectrum, throughput and transmission delay. Cooperative network has been used to enhance efficiency and system coverage of adhoc networks.Cooperative communication allows terminals to collaborate with each other for data transmission. The challenge is to enhance performance with limited availability of resources.In this proposed work, a new secured data transmission mechanism is introduced for efficient communication between the sensor nodes. Experimental results show that proposed model performed well against security and transmission power compared to traditional models.
Novel Impedance Matching Scheme for Patch Antennas

Aiming at the bandwidth enhancement for patch antennas, a new impedance matching scheme is presented. In this design, open-ended microstrip-lines are used as the matching resonators; the gaps between the lines are used as the J inverters. Numerical and experimental studies are executed to demonstrate this new structure. The measured and predicted results are in good agreement. The measured data show that the bandwidth of a sample antenna is increased by a factor of 3.3 after adding two matching resonators. The proposed matching structure is good in performance, and smaller in size than traditional matching structures.
Interactive comment on “ Trends in air pollutants and health impacts in three Swedish cities over the past three decades ” by Henrik Olstrup et al .

Reply: We have extended this discussion in section 4.4. In HRAPIE, the RR associated with long-term exposure to NO2 is based on Hoek et al. (2013). In the Discussion Section 4.4, there is an explanation that we have chosen Faustini et al. (2014) instead of Hoek et al. (2013) since Faustini et al. (2014) also calculated this RR based on European studies only, which are more relevant for the Swedish conditions. For O3, our choice of the RR of 1.01 (95 % CI 1.005–1.02) per 10 μg m-3 increase in Turner et al. (2016) is very close to the RR of 1.014 (95 % CI 1.005–1.024) in Jerrett et al.
To Study the Prevalence of Scapular Dyskinesia in Gymers and Non Gymers

Aim: To assess the prevalence of scapular dyskinesia in gymers as compared to non gymers. Methodology: The study design was case control study which was done on 100 subjects. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. Fifty gymers and fifty matched non gymers were assessed for scapular dyskinesia using Lateral Scapula Slide Test (LSST). Result: Result concluded that scapular dyskinesia is absent in gymers as compared to the non-gymers is rejected and hypothesis scapular dyskinesia is present in gymers as compared to nongymers accepted based on the results of statistical analysis. Conclusion: As the study has been proved significant, the gym protocols can be revised to include strengthening of the scapular muscles, thus preventing incidences of shoulder pain in gymers.
Adaptation of a deep learning machine to real world data

Adaptation is a property of intelligent machines to update its knowledge according to actual situation. Self-learning machines (SLM) as defined in this paper are those learning by observation under limited supervision, and continuously adapt by observing the surrounding environment. The aim is to mimic the behavior of human brain learning from surroundings with limited supervision, and adapting its learning according to input sensory observations. Recently, Deep Belief Networks have made good use of unsupervised learning as pre-training stage, which is equivalent to the observation stage in humans. However, they still need supervised training set to adjust the network parameters, as well as being non-adaptive to real world examples. In this paper, SLM is proposed based on deep belief networks and deep auto encoders to adapt to real world unsupervised data flowing in to the learning machine during operation. As a proof of concept, the new system is tested on two AI tasks; number recognition on MNIST dataset, and E-mail classification on Enron dataset.
FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL BASED THREE PHASE SHUNT ACTIVE FILTER FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

This paper presents a Fuzzy Logic Control Based (FLCB) Shunt Active Filter (SAF) capable of reducing the total harmonics distortion (THD) in Power System (PS). SAF is one of the key controllers in Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) to control the transmission line voltage and can be used in PS to enhance the power transmission capacity and extend the transient stability. In order to improve the power factor, compensate the reactive power and suppress the total harmonic distortion (THD) drawn from a Non-Linear Diode Rectifier Load (NLDRL) of SAF, we propose a Hysteresis Current Pulse Width Modulation (HCPWM) technique which is used as control for the switches of the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) or SAF. The synchronous reference D-Q frame theory is used to generate the reference compensating currents for SAF. A fuzzy logic based control is developed to regulate the voltage of the DC capacitor. The system with control scheme is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for harmonic damping and voltage regulation.
Chemical Flooding in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs: Fundamental Aspects and Field-Scale Practices

Appropriate methods should be employed to enhance the oil recovery from the Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (NFRs). One of the candidates for enhancing the oil recovery from these reservoirs is the surfactant-based chemical flooding. This paper highlights the technical achievements and challenges of the chemical flooding in the NFRs. The classification, production characteristics, recovery mechanisms of the NFRs and significant findings of the chemical flooding in these reservoirs are reviewed and analyzed. It is expected that this paper will serve as a helpful reference tool for the engineers interested in chemical flooding in the NFRs.
Attenuation of particulate organic carbon flux in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, is controlled by zooplankton fecal pellets

The Southern Ocean (SO) is an important CO2 reservoir, some of which enters via the production, sinking, and remineralization of organic matter. Recent work suggests that the fraction of production that sinks is inversely related to production in the SO, a suggestion that we confirm from 20 stations in the Scotia Sea. The efficiency with which exported material is transferred to depth (transfer efficiency) is believed to be low in high‐latitude systems. However, our estimates of transfer efficiency are bimodal, with stations in the seasonal ice zone showing intense losses and others displaying increases in flux with depth. Zooplankton fecal pellets dominated the organic carbon flux and at stations with transfer efficiency >100% fecal pellets were brown, indicative of fresh phytodetritus. We suggest that active flux mediated by zooplankton vertical migration and the presence of sea ice regulates the transfer of organic carbon into the oceans interior in the Southern Ocean.
roid in the implant led to recurrence of inflammation, and the presence of a foreign body may have incited the formation of vitreous bands to the im- plant. A perioperative vitreous hem-

of inflammation, and the presence of a foreign body may have incited the formation of vitreous bands to the implant. A perioperative vitreous hemorrhage was most likely the main contributor to band formation in patient 4. Because the explanted material was not sent for pathologic examination, we do not have information on the histological characteristics of the vitreous bands. In conclusion, Retisert implant placement may lead to the formation of vitreous bands. When vitreous bands cause visually significant traction, patients may benefit from vitreoretinal surgery. In addition, the surgical procedure for implant removal or exchange in patients with clinically visible vitreous bands should be modified to include a complete vitrectomy in order to avoid retinal traction at the time of implant removal.
Related Harm Among Young People

Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the evidence base on alcohol screening and brief intervention for adolescents to determine age appropriate screening tools, effective brief interventions and appropriate locations to undertake these activities.Methods: A review of existing reviews (2003–2013) and a systematic review of recent research not included in earlier reviews. Results: The CRAFFT and AUDIT tools are recommended for identification of ‘at risk’ adolescents. Motivational interventions delivered over one or more sessions and based in health care or educational settings are effective at reducing levels of consumption and alcohol-related harm. Conclusion: Further research to develop age appropriate screening tools needs to be undertaken. Screening and brief intervention activity should be undertaken in settings where young people are likely to present; further assessment at such venues as paediatric emergency departments, sexual health clinics and youth offending teams should be evaluated. The use of electronic (web/smart-phone based) screening and intervention shows promise and should also be the focus of future research.
sp3s* Tight-Binding Parameters for Transport Simulations in Compound Semiconductors

Abstract A genetic algorithm approach is used to fit orbital interaction energies of sp3s* tight-binding models for the nine binary compound semiconductors consistent of Ga, Al, In and As, P, Sb at room temperature. The new parameters are optimized to reproduce the bandstructure relevant to carrier transport in the lowest conduction band and the highest three valence bands. The accuracy of the other bands is sacrificed for the better reproduction of the effective masses in the bands of interest. Relevant band edges are reproduced to within a few meV and the effective masses deviate from the experimental values typically by less than 10%.