Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neoplastic differentiation: Characteristics of cell lines derived from a murine teratocarcinoma

Monolayer cultures of a mouse teratocarcinoma were established in vitro. These cultures contained embryonal carcinoma, the malignant stem cell, and its differentiated progeny: parietal yolk sac, neuroepithelial, and mesenchymal cells. Tissues such as squamous epithelium, cartilage, striated muscle, neuroepithelium, and glands were produced from embryonal carcinoma that was maintained under conditions of long term culture. Frequent subcultivation with pancreatin allowed the establishment of cell lines of embryonal carcinoma which have been maintained for more than 18 months in vitro and continue to produce differentiated cells under specific culture conditions. Chromosomally these lines of embryonal carcinoma have a stem line of 39 chromosomes. Two lines of parietal yolk sac cells have been established which produce basement membrane, are not tumorigenic, and chromosomally are hypotetraploid. This system may yield information concerning neoplastic differentiation and its possible use in therapy for cancer.
Estudio comparativo de dos técnicas de localización por ultrasonido para abordaje infraclavicular

Antecedentes: El bloqueo del plexo braquial vía infraclavicular (BPBI) se considera una técnica atractiva, sin embargo poco popularizada; es asociada a complicaciones como punción vascular y neumotórax. El ultrasonido (USG) proporciona imágenes en tiempo real, visualiza el trayecto de la aguja y la distribución adecuada del anestésico local, aumentando la seguridad del abordaje. Método: Estudio prospectivo, transversal, comparativo, experimental, abierto, de dos grupos aleatorizados, Grupo I bloqueo infraclavicular con USG, Grupo II USG más neuroestimulación, ambos grupos ropivacaína 0.75% a 3 mg/kg. La efectividad se evaluó por la escala de las cuatro «P». Resultados: En las variables demográficas y tipo de cirugía no hubo diferencia entre ambos grupos. Se aprecia una diferencia significativa en el tiempo de latencia (Grupo I: 18.3/ Grupo II: 22.8 min) y una tendencia a un menor tiempo en los bloqueos tanto motor (17.6/18.6 min) como sensitivo (8.9/10.5 min) a favor del USG solo. La calidad del bloqueo fue igual para ambos grupos 93.3% satisfactorios respectivamente (p = 0.69). No se presentaron complicaciones en ningún grupo. Conclusiones: La técnica de localización por USG se muestra segura y eficaz, abate las complicaciones y disminuye el tiempo de latencia, sin embargo en ambas técnicas se aprecia una tasa de éxito similar.
A Nibbling Mechanism for Clathrin-mediated Retrieval of Secretory Granule Membrane after Exocytosis*

Background: Retrieval of the fused secretory granule membrane is poorly understood. Results: Granule membrane proteins remain associated after fusion, attract clathrin and dynamin, and are gradually removed together. Conclusion: The fused membrane is a nucleation site for endocytosis, which internalizes the membrane bit-by-bit. Significance: This work provides a fundamental mechanistic insight into a process essential for secretory cells. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the major pathway for recycling of granule membrane components after strong stimulation and high exocytotic rates. It resembles “classical” receptor-mediated endocytosis but has a trigger that is unique to secretion, the sudden appearance of the secretory granule membrane in the plasma membrane. The spatial localization, the relationship to individual fusion events, the nature of the cargo, and the timing and nature of the nucleation events are unknown. Furthermore, a size mismatch between chromaffin granules (∼300-nm diameter) and typical clathrin-coated vesicles (∼90 nm) makes it unlikely that clathrin-mediated endocytosis internalizes as a unit the entire fused granule membrane. We have used a combination of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of transiently expressed proteins and time-resolved quantitative confocal imaging of endogenous proteins along with a fluid-phase marker to address these issues. We demonstrate that the fused granule membrane remains a distinct entity and serves as a nucleation site for clathrin- and dynamin-mediated endocytosis that internalizes granule membrane components in small increments.
Halogen Bonding in (Z)-2-Iodocinnamaldehyde

Based on the bulkiness of the iodine atom, a non-planar conformation was expected for the title compound. Instead, its molecular structure is planar, as experimentally determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction, and confirmed theoretically by DFT calculations on the single molecule and the halogen pair paired molecules, therefore ruling out crystal packing forces as a principal factor leading to planarity. Indeed, planarity is ascribed to the carbonyl double bond, as when this bond is saturated on forming the related alcohol derivative, the molecule loses planarity. The X-ray molecular structure shows an intermolecular separation between the iodine and the oxygen of the carbonyl shorter than the corresponding van der Waals distance suggesting a weak halogen bond interaction. DFT minimization of this 2-molecule arrangement shows the iodine--oxygen distance much shorter than that observed in the crystal interaction and confirming its stronger halogen bond nature. A trend between increasing I•••O(carbonyl) separation and decreasing C-I•••O(carbonyl) angle is demonstrated, further confirming the existence of a halogen bond.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in assessing living liver donors biliary anatomy: opportunities and challenges.

Although it is questionable whether Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) should be considered the new standard of reference in biliary imaging (1), state-of-the-art MRCP provides panoramic images with high spatial and temporal resolution, leading to successful applications in different clinical settings (2). As a consequence, MRCP has gained acceptance as the most reliable alternative to direct cholangiography in depicting the biliary system (2).
Variations in systemic and pulmonary endothelin-1 in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves).

Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is an asthma-like condition of the horse that represents a major cause of morbidity and loss of performance. The exact pathogenesis of asthma in man is unclear but the role of endothelin (ET) is currently under investigation, thus sparking interest in the bronchoconstrictive and vasoconstrictive properties of endothelin in the equine-specific disease entity. In this study, we investigated the levels of ET-1 in systemic blood, as well as in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from horses with RAO. We also studied how these values might correlate with those of lung function tests and pulmonary artery pressure. Five horses with RAO were evaluated both in remission and in crisis and compared to five control horses. RAO horses had significantly (P<0.05) higher systemic ET-1 levels than control horses. They also had a negative arteriovenous ET-1 difference that may correspond to a net uptake of ET-1 in the lung. RAO horses in crisis had increased amounts of immunoreactive ET in BAL fluid compared to normal control subjects. Additionally, the reduction in lung function seen in RAO horses in crisis was significantly correlated with lower epithelial lining fluid ET-1 levels. Our results demonstrate that endothelin may contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma.
Advances in lignocellulosic biotechnology: A brief review on lignocellulosic biomass and cellulases

From the last few decades, there has been an increasing research interest in the value of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignoellulosic biomass is an inexpensive, renewable abundant and provides a unique natural resource for large-scale and cost-effective bio-energy collection. In addition, using lignocellulosic materials and other low-cost biomass can significantly reduce the cost of materials used for ethanol production. Therefore, in this background, the rapidly evolving tools of biotechnology can lower the conversion costs and also enhance a yield of target products. In this context, a biological processing presents a promising approach to converting lignocellulosic materials into energy-fuels. The present summarized review work begins with an overview on the physio-chemical features and composition of major agricultural biomass. The information is also given on the processing of agricultural biomass to produce industrially important enzymes, e.g., ligninases or cellulases. Cellulases provide a key opportunity for achieving tremendous benefits of biomass utilization.
Automated lumen segmentation and estimation of numerical attributes of common carotid artery using longitudinal B-mode ultrasound images

Aortic elasticity and stiffness has been proven to be a strong independent predictor of cardio vascular diseases (CVD). Many features have been used to quantify arterial elasticity and stiffness. This paper describes a novel and automated technique for segmentation and boundary detection of lumen of common carotid artery (CCA) using longitudinal B-mode ultrasound images. Numerical attributes are measured from the detected boundary of lumen. The main objective of this work is to determine good arterial features based on the attributes to characterize the elasticity and stiffness of CCA. Attributes are measured for each frame and analyzed for minimum two cardiac cycles to see the changes from systole to diastole. Findings of this analysis would be very useful for the diagnosis of abnormalities in the CCA.
Reduction of metastatic load to liver after intraarterial hepatic yttrium-90 radioembolization as evaluated by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic imaging.

PURPOSE To assess the response of hepatic metastases after treatment with intraarterial yttrium 90 radioembolization (ie, use of SIR-Spheres) with use of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen patients with metastatic cancer to the liver from various solid tumors with progression despite polychemotherapy were included. All patients underwent baseline computed tomography, FDG PET, hepatic angiography, and intraarterial technetium 99 m macroaggregated albumin scan for assessment of lung shunting fraction. Patients were treated with 90Y resin microspheres on a lobar basis and were monitored for 3 months with use of dedicated attenuation-corrected PET. For each patient, regions of interest were drawn along the liver edge to measure total liver standard uptake value (SUV) on axial images, covering the entire liver. Visual estimates were also performed and graded as +1, 0, -1, -2, or -3 for progression, no change, and mild, moderate, and dramatic improvement by posttreatment PET. RESULTS The median absorbed dose for the tumor was 76 Gy. There was a significant overall decrease in total liver SUV after treatment (baseline, 71,134 +/- 38,055; after SIR-Sphere treatment, 59,941 +/- 26,509; P = .028) for the entire group. Visual estimates placed 15 patients (79%) in response categories (-3 to -1) and four patients (21%) in nonresponse categories (0 to +1) for the liver. The percentage change of total liver SUV after treatment in the response group (-19%) was significantly greater and different in direction than that in the nonresponse group (+27%; P = .03). This percentage change was also correlated significantly with the respective visual estimates (r = 0.72; P < .0005) for each individual patient. Three patients had major complications related to hyperbilirubinemia (transient, n = 1; permanent, n= 2). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that there is significant reduction of hepatic metastatic load as evaluated objectively by PET after 90Y radioembolization for the treatment of unresectable metastatic disease to the liver. 90Y radioembolization provides encouraging results by arresting progression of metastatic cancer to the liver.
Estudio sobre los costos de producción de algunos sectores pertenecientes al Programa de Transformación Productiva

En este estudio se caracterizan los costos de produccion de cuatro sectores del Programa de Transformacion Productiva: Chocolateria, confiteria y sus materias primas; Cosmeticos y productos de aseo; Tercerizacion de Procesos de Negocios BPO & O, y Turismo de Salud.
Estratégia de optimização do sistema ibérico de produção de energia eléctrica com grande penetração de energias renováveis

iv Resumo.v Lista de tabelas.ix Lista de figuras.x Lista de abreviatura.xiii 1. Introdução . 1 2. Caracterização do sistema electroprodutor ibérico . 5 2.1 Sistema electroprodutor . 5 2.1. 1 Sistema actual . 5 2.1. 2 Sistema futuro. 7 2.2 Sistema de transmissão . 7 2.2.1 Sistema Actual . 7 2.2.2 Sistema futuro . 8 3. Caracterização dos recursos . 9 3.1 Variabilidade no tempo . 9 3.1. 1 Vento . 9 3.1. 2 Sol . 12 3.2 Variabilidade no espaço . 13 3.2.1 Vento . 13 3.2.2 Sol . 14 4. Estratégias para lidar com a variabilidade . 16 4.1 Previsão . 16 4.2 Disseminação no espaço . 17 4.3 Armazenamento. 21 4.3.1 Barragens com bombagem . 23 4.3.2 Flywheels . 24
Subprofiles of Central Auditory Processing Disorders

The inherent heterogeneity of central auditory processing disorders (CAPDs) has led to difficulty developing a precise definition of what constitutes a CAPD. One method of acknowledging the varied behaviors and assessment findings observed in cases of CAPD has been that of categorization or subprofiling. This paper describes a method of subprofiling of CAPDs that relates each subprofile to its underlying neurophysiologic region of dysfunction in the brain as well as to its higher-level language and learning implications and sequelae. Three primary subprofiles, representing primary auditory (left) cortex, nonprimary auditory (right) cortex, and interhemispheric (corpus callosum) dysfunction, are described. In addition, two secondary subprofiles that describe dysfunction in associative (left) cortex and efferent and/ or temporal-to-frontal cortex and which represent the gray area between audition and language/ executive function are offered. These subprofiles are intended to aid in the interpretation of central auditory and related assessments so that deficitspecific management plans for individuals with CAPD may be
Early enzyme synthesis and its control in E. coli infected with some amber mutants of bacteriophage T4.

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Papillary Microcarcinomas of the Thyroid with Preoperatively Detectable Lymph Node Metastasis Show Significantly Higher Aggressive Characteristics on Immunohistochemical Examination

Objectives: We recently demonstrated that papillary microcarcinomas with preoperatively detectable node metastasis in the lateral compartment on ultrasonography (clinically apparent metastasis) show worse postoperative relapse-free survival than those with no metastasis or metastasis that could not be detected preoperatively, but was confirmed by pathological examination after surgery (occult metastasis). In this study, we investigated difference in the aggressive characteristics of microcarcinoma of this type from various perspectives. Materials and Methods: We immunohistochemically examined the expression of cell proliferating markers, Ki-67, cyclin D1, p27, and retinoblastoma gene product (pRb), apoptotic markers, single-strand DNA (ssDNA), and metastatic suppressor, kangai-1 (KAI-1) for 19 microcarcinoma patients with clinically apparent metastasis, 14 patents with occult metastasis, and 22 patients without metastasis. Results: Cases of clinically apparent metastasis showed increased cyclin D1 expression together with decreased p27 expression and higher levels of pRb and Ki-67 expression. Furthermore, ssDNA expression was higher and bcl-2 expression was lower in these cases, while KAI-1 expression was significantly reduced. There was no significant difference in the expression of these proteins between cases demonstrating no and occult metastases. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cases of clinically apparent metastasis show significantly higher growth based on cell proliferating activity, apoptosis, and expression of metastatic suppressor than those demonstrating no or occult metastases.
Influence of the span loss variation in cascaded EDFA's on the receiver dynamic range in WDM systems

Influences of the gain or the span loss variations in cascaded EDFAs on the receiver dynamic range are investigated for WDM systems and compared the results with single channel systems. The optical power dynamic range of the receiver additionally required in the WDM system is approximately proportional to the number of cascaded EDFAs and the span loss margin. The slope coefficient is about 0.12 dB/EDFA/(dB in the span loss margin) when the channels are allocated in the region of 1545-1557 nm. The increment of optical power dynamic range becomes smaller for the channels allocated near 1545 mm.
Frequency model of haptic information in rubbing motion

This paper proposes the new frequency model of haptic information focused on the vibration component in friction force. Recently, haptic information is attracting attention from many areas as the tertiary media following the audio and visual information. However, due to the characters of the bidirectionality and self-reference, treatment is difficult as compared to the other sensory information. Unified representation method still not been established. Therefore, this paper focuses on the vibration components of friction force in rubbing motion against environmental surface in particular. The friction force in rubbing motion is measured for broadband by using the 2-DOF system constructed by two linear motors. For the quantitative evaluation of the frequency domain, cepstral analysis which is the method for voice-print analysis is applied. The effectiveness of the proposed model is shown by performing experiments and analysis with three different environmental surfaces. Moreover, this paper presents the identification for each parameters of the model from the acquired data, and construct a accurate model of the friction force for each environment.
Fault model identification with Petri nets

Most of the fault identification problems in the discrete event systems literature assume knowledge of the structure of the net system, including the nature (and behavior) of the possible faults. In this paper we deal with this problem within the framework of Petri nets by removing the requirement that the nature (and behavior) of the fault is known. In particular, we devise a way to identify the structure of the faulty transitions of the system given its language. Then, we generalize this procedure to unobservable faults, in which case the structure of the faulty system needs to be recognized from the knowledge of the structure of the fault-free system, and the projection of the faulty system language on the set of non-faulty events, that are assumed to be observable.
Manipulating uncertainty

When answering factual questions, speakers can signal whether they are uncertain about the correctness of their answer using prosodic cues such as ﬁllers (“uh”), a rising intonation contour or a marked facial expression. It has been shown that on the basis of such cues, observers can make adequate estimates about the speaker’s level of conﬁdence, but it is unclear which of these cues have the largest impact on perception. To ﬁnd the relative strength of the three aforementioned cues, a novel perception experiment was performed in which answers were artiﬁcially manipulated in such a way that all possible combinations of the cues of interest could be judged by participants. Results showed that while all three factors had a signiﬁcant inﬂuence on the perception results, this effect was by far the largest for facial expressions.
CCR6 and NK1.1 distinguish between IL‐17A and IFN‐γ‐producing γδ effector T cells

γδ T cells are a potent source of innate IL‐17A and IFN‐γ, and they acquire the capacity to produce these cytokines within the thymus. However, the precise stages and required signals that guide this differentiation are unclear. Here we show that the CD24low CD44high effector γδ T cells of the adult thymus are segregated into two lineages by the mutually exclusive expression of CCR6 and NK1.1. Only CCR6+ γδ T cells produced IL‐17A, while NK1.1+ γδ T cells were efficient producers of IFN‐γ but not of IL‐17A. Their effector phenotype correlated with loss of CCR9 expression, particularly among the NK1.1+ γδ T cells. Accordingly, both γδ T‐cell subsets were rare in gut‐associated lymphoid tissues, but abundant in peripheral lymphoid tissues. There, they provided IL‐17A and IFN‐γ in response to TCR‐specific and TCR‐independent stimuli. IL‐12 and IL‐18 induced IFN‐γ and IL‐23 induced IL‐17A production by NK1.1+ or CCR6+ γδ T cells, respectively. Importantly, we show that CCR6+ γδ T cells are more responsive to TCR stimulation than their NK1.1+ counterparts. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that CCR6+ IL‐17A‐producing γδ T cells derive from less TCR‐dependent selection events than IFN‐γ‐producing NK1.1+ γδ T cells.
Anorexia nervosa and social class.

OBJECTIVES (1) To examine social class status of female patients with anorexia nervosa presenting over a 33-year period; (2) to identify any differences in clinical features between the social classes. METHOD Retrospective survey using comprehensive clinical database of patients referred to a national specialist center for the assessment and treatment of anorexia nervosa. Social class was defined using UK Registrar General's classification of father's occupation. Statistical methods included initial univariate analyses and subsequent ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS (1) Social class distribution was consistently weighted toward social classes 1/2. (2) Possible clinical indicators examined included low body weight, binge eating, and consequent weight-regulatory behaviors such as vomiting and laxative and diuretic misuse. These clinical features and their distribution proved to be similar across the social groups. Clinically rated quality of family relationships and types of family constellations were also consistent across the social classes. (3) Dieting prodromata and onset of the disorder occurred at younger ages in social classes 1/2. (4) A modest shift in social class distribution over time was apparent, with slightly more patients presenting post-1985 likely to come from lower social classes. Claims that the social class distribution is a product of referral patterns and acceptances are disputed. CONCLUSION We suggest that the social class bias reflects a sociocultural influence; a product of the disorder significantly often arising as an avoidant response to the conflict between social class-related family values/attitudes and adolescent turbulence within that family.
Rapid Screening for Sentinel Chicken Seroconversions Against Arboviruses

Abstract A novel test procedure can screen seroconversions in sentinel chickens with the commercially available VecTest® designed to detect viral antigens, such as West Nile virus. The test requires minimum laboratory equipment and skills, and provides qualitative results in about 45 min, which are immediately available to vector control agencies for making decisions to manage mosquito populations in order to interrupt arbovirus transmission.