Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of Innovations and Network Segmentation: The Part Played by People in Promoting Health

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe how diffusion of innovations theory can integrate mass media, interpersonal communication, and social network analysis. These principles can be used to implement and tailor data-based health promotion activities. Goal: The goal of this study was to develop a model for using and incorporating interpersonal communication into health promotion programs designed to encourage behaviors that reduce the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)/HIV. Study Design: The authors conducted a review of selected studies that exemplify how diffusion of innovations theory has applied interpersonal communication to promote STD/HIV preventive health behaviors. Results: Few studies have incorporated interpersonal communication as an intervention strategy to encourage STD/HIV preventive behavior. Interventions that have used interpersonal communication have observed successes in health promotion and increases in safer sex behaviors. Conclusions: This study shows that social network analysis can be used to design more appropriate and perhaps more effective health promotion programs.
Asymptotic non-null distributions of test statistics for redundancy in high-dimensional canonical correlation analysis

In this paper, we derive asymptotic non-null distributions of three test statistics, i.e., the likelihood ratio criterion, the Lawley-Hotelling criterion and the Bartlett-Nanda-Pillai criterion, for redundancy in high-dimensional canonical correlation analysis. Since our setting is that the dimension of one of two observation vectors may be large but does not exceed the sample size, we use the high-dimensional asymptotic framework such that the sample size and the dimension divided by the sample size tend to ∞ and some positive constant being included in [0, 1), respectively, for evaluating asymptotic distributions. Additionally, we derive asymptotic null distributions of the three test statistics under the high-dimensional asymptotic framework by using the same transformation as when we derive asymptotic non-null distribution. We verified that new approximations based on derived asymptotic distributions are more accurate than those based on asymptotic distributions evaluated from the classical asymptotic framework, i.e., only the sample size tends to ∞.
CD10 Expression in Follicular Lymphoma Versus Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia: Evaluation in Paraffin-Embedded Tissue

The differentiation of reactive follicular hyperplasia (RFH) from follicular lymphoma (FL) may be a diagnostic challenge and require the use of adjuvant studies. Antibodies to CD10 have been used with flow cytometry and frozen tissue sections and recently have become available for use with paraffin-embedded tissue. We sought to investigate the utility of CD10 in the differentiation of RFH from FL in paraffin-embedded tissue. Twenty-three cases of FL and 19 cases of RFH were evaluated after immunostaining with antibodies to CD3, CD20, BCL2, and CD10 antigens. Intensity of CD10 expression was graded. CD10 expression was present in 87% of cases of FL. Follicles demonstrated strong positivity in 70%. One CD10-positive case of FL showed equivocal staining for BCL2 and one an absence of staining for BCL2. Weaker but definite staining was present in 17%, and 13% were negative for CD10. In contrast, none of the cases of RFH was strongly positive for CD10 expression, with 26% demonstrating weak immunostaining, one case showing equivocal staining, and 68% being entirely negative. CD3, CD20, and BCL2 stained appropriately in all cases. These findings indicate that immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded tissue sections for CD10 may help differentiate reactive from neoplastic follicular lesions.
An exonuclease induced by bacteriophage lambda. II. Nature of the enzymatic reaction.

Abstract λ exonuclease exhibits a much greater rate of attack on native deoxyribonucleic acid than on denatured DNA, the difference in rate being 350-fold for T7 phage DNA. The attack is exclusively exonucleolytic, and the only acid-soluble products are deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates. In contrast to the known Escherichia coli exonucleases, its initial site of attack is at the 5' termini of a DNA molecule, with a strong preference for termini bearing a phosphoryl residue as compared with those bearing a free hydroxyl group.
Magnetocardiography provides non-invasive three-dimensional electroanatomical imaging of cardiac electrophysiology.

OBJECTIVE More than two decades of research work have shown that magnetocardiographic mapping (MCG) is reliable for non-invasive three-dimensional electroanatomical imaging (3D-EAI) of arrhythmogenic substrates. Magnetocardiographic mapping is now become appealing to interventional electrophysiologists after recent evidence that MCG-based dynamic imaging of atrial arrhythmias could be useful to classify patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) before ablation and to plan the most appropriate therapeutic approach. This article will review some key-points of 3D-EAI and discuss what is still missing to favor clinical applicability of MCG-based 3D-EAI. METHODS Magnetocardiographic mapping is performed with a 36-channel unshielded mapping system, based on DC-SQUID sensors coupled to second-order axial gradiometers (pick-up coil 19 mm and 55-70 mm baselines; sensitivity of 20 fT/Sqrt[Hz] in above 1 Hz), as part of the electrophysiologic investigation protocol, tailored to the diagnostic need of each arrhythmic patient. More than 500 arrhythmic patients have been investigated so far. RESULTS The MCG-based 3D-EAI has proven useful to localize well-confined arrhythmogenic substrates, such as focal ventricular tachycardia or preexcitation, to understand some causes for ablation failure, to study atrial electrophysiology including spectral analysis and localization of dominant frequency components of AF. However, MCG is still missing software tools for automatic and/or interactive 3D imaging, and multimodal data fusion equivalent to those provided with systems for invasive 3D electroanatomical mapping. CONCLUSION Since there is an increasing trend to favor interventional treatment of arrhythmias, clinical application of MCG 3D-EAI is foreseen to improve preoperative selection of patients, to plan the appropriate interventional approach and to reduce ablation failure.
An Investigation of the Effects of Preoperative Interdisciplinary Patient Education on Understanding Postoperative Expectations Following a Total Joint Arthroplasty

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of a preoperative interdisciplinary educational intervention on understanding postoperative expectations following a total joint arthroplasty. The study sample consisted of 156 patients scheduled for elective total joint replacement surgery. The approach for this study was a two-group quasi-experimental design. The treatment group received an additional interdisciplinary educational session whereas the control group did not. Subjects who chose to attend the program were compared with those who received standard outpatient teaching in the preadmission testing center. Subjects who received the interdisciplinary teaching intervention were significantly better at verbalizing and demonstrating postoperative skills, and they rated all aspects of the interdisciplinary educational session as very satisfactory. The study demonstrated that the preoperative interdisciplinary educational program for patients scheduled for total joint replacement surgery had a positive effect on the understanding of postoperative expectations. The educational sessions have continued providing an option that will enhance preoperative education.
Creating Coexistence between Humans and Wildlife: Global Perspectives on Local Efforts to Address Human–Wildlife Conflict

Every 10 years, the IUCN World Parks Congress (WPC) brings together conservation experts from around the world to share information and ideas, and set a global policy agenda for protected areas. The 5th IUCN World Parks Congress was held in Durban, South Africa from September 8–17, 2004, and was attended by approximately 3,000 protected area experts, practitioners, and decision makers. The 5th WPC brought human–wildlife conflict (HWC) to the global stage as part of an effort to address current challenges facing protected area management and conservation. The HWC recommendation (included in this issue) was informed by a technical workshop that was part of the WPC proceedings. The workshop entitled “Creating Coexistence Between Humans and Wildlife: Global Perspectives on Local Efforts to Address Human-Wildlife Conflict” combined vigorous debate on human–wildlife conflict issues with a technical focus on useful outputs for those working in the profession. The workshop created “a unique opportunity to take stock [of the issues] . provide an honest appraisal of progress and setbacks; and chart the course for protected areas over the next decade and beyond” (IUCN, 2003). This article summarizes recommendations from the workshop and introduces the other articles in this special issue of Human Dimensions of Wildlife. The articles that follow are written by presenters and participants of the “Creating
Geographic atrophy: clinical impact and emerging treatments.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the developed world. Severe central visual impairment develops as a result of neovascular derangement (wet AMD) or non-neovascular abnormalities (dry AMD). Slight alterations in central visual acuity can have profound effects on activities of daily living such as reading or driving. Dry AMD, which constitutes 85% to 90% of cases, is clinically associated with large confluent drusen formation and hyperpigmentation, with subsequent resorption of drusen and eventual loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choriocapillaris, and photoreceptors, leading to geographic atrophy (GA). 1,2 This advanced stage of dry AMD is responsible for 20% of all cases of legal blindness in North America.3 Geographic atrophy: clinical impact and emerging treatments
IPAD: An incentive and privacy-aware data dissemination scheme in opportunistic networks

Opportunistic network (OPPNET) is characterized by the intermittent connectivity among mobile nodes from their unpredictable mobility. Although it is promising, there still exist many security and privacy challenges. In this paper, we present an incentive and privacy-aware data dissemination (IPAD) scheme for OPPNETs, not only to exploit how to protect mobile node's identity privacy, location privacy and social profile privacy, but also to provide a secure incentive for privacy-aware data dissemination. Through extensive incentive analysis, we show that only if a source provides a secure incentive strategy, can a data packet be efficiently disseminated in OPPNETs.
Diaschisis in Chronic Viral Encephalitis With Koshevnikov Syndrome

The authors report a 61‐year‐old man with chronic viral encephalitis and Koshevnikov syndrome occurring 42 months after initial symptom of right hemiparesis. Serial computed tomography of the brain showed changes in the attenuation of the left temporal lobe lesion over time. Magnetic resonance images of the brain showed enlargement of left temporoparietooccipital lobes with cortical gyral enhancement on T1‐weighted images following intravenous administration of gadolinium‐DTPA. 99mTc‐HMPAO single‐photon emission computerized tomography showed increased radioactivity and hyperperfusion in the left temporoparietal region with paradoxically decreased local tissue perfusion at the contralateral right hemisphere. Follow‐up madnetic resonance images of the brain 4 years later showed atrophy of bilateral cerebral hemispheres. We postulate that a “transcallosal diaschisis” with subsequent degeneration is a possible mechanism. A brain biopsy from the left temporal lobe lesion showed pictures compatible with viral encephalitis probably herpes simplex encephalitis.
Origins of International Health Work

include the substantial sums which the Unicef, in cooperation with W.H. O. , has spent on child health activities. Requests for the assistance of W.H. O. in 1950 have far exceeded those in 1949. Approximately $2,000,000 is available to meet these requests (roughly one-third of the total budget). Because of financial limitations and the consequent necessity for making the best possible use of the funds allotted to the advisory services, certain guiding principles for the selection of projects have been set up by the Executive Board of W.H. O. The following criteria are used:
Visible-Light Photocatalytic Properties of Weak Magnetic BiFeO 3 Nanoparticles

In recent years, multiferroics, showing the coexistence of magnetic and ferroelectric orders in a certain range of temperature, have attracted a great deal of attention due to the fascinating fundamental physics and potential applications for novel magnetoelectric devices. Among all multiferroic materials studied so far, perovskite-type BiFeO3 (BFO) is known to be one of the several compounds that exhibit ferromagnetism (FM) at room temperature (RT), with high ferroelectric (FE) Curie point (Tc ∼ 1103 K) and G-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) Néel point (TN ∼ 647 K). In addition to the potential magnetoelectric applications, BFO might find applications as photocatalytic materials due to its small bandgap. This small bandgap also allows carrier excitation in BFO with commercially available femtosecond laser pulses, hence enables us to develop ferroelectric ultrafast optoelectronic devices as widely demonstrated in semiconductors. In fact, regarding the photocatalytic property of BFO, it was demonstrated that SrTiO3 coated BFO nanoparticles can produce H2 under the irradiation of visible light, whereas pure SrTiO3 only responded to UV irradiation. More recently, we have reported the oxidation (oxygen generation) ability of BFO nanowires, suggesting that BFO nanostructures might be useful for photocatalytic decomposition of organic contaminants. Although weak ferromagnetic (FM) order was observed in BFO films at RT, different from the AFM magnetic nature of BFO ceramics, the origin in films is not fully understood. Recently, Bea et al. attributed the magnetic moment in BFO films to the extra phase like c-Fe2O3 and argued that BFO phase has a very small magnetic moment if any. We reported weak FM order in BFO nanowires and suggested that the size effect in nanostructures like films and nanowires might be responsible for the FM property. In this communication, we report the synthesis of BFO nanoparticles by a solgel technique and its photocatalytic and magnetic properties. Figure 1a presents the XRD pattern of the nanoparticles prepared under the optimal conditions (calcined at 500 °C for 2 h, the detail of preparation is described in the Experimental Section). It is revealed that the BFO nanoparticles are highly crystallized and exhibit a single-phase perovskite structure. Non-perovskite phases such as Bi2Fe4O9 and Bi2O3/Fe2O3 are not detected in XRD spectra. The obvious peak-splitting shows that the nanoparticles are rhombohedral, consistent with the structure of BFO ceramics, but different from the tetragonal structure of BFO films. Figure 1b shows the XRD spectra of the sample after degradation experiments in methyl orange (MO), which are described later in details. The typical scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the BFO powders is shown in Figure 2a, where the inset is a representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image. These nanopowders consist of roughly spherical and welldispersed particles ranging from 80 to 120 nm. Figure 2b C O M M U N IC A IO N
Intrathecal Ropivacaine and Clonidine for Ambulatory Knee Arthroscopy: A Dose–Response Study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association of a small dose of intrathecal ropivacaine with small doses of intrathecal clonidine for ambulatory surgery. MethodsOne hundred twenty patients, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and scheduled for knee arthroscopy, were studied. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 4 ml of one of the following double-blinded isobaric intrathecal solutions: 8 mg of ropivacaine (group 1; n =30); 8 mg ropivacaine plus 15 &mgr;g clonidine (group 2; n =30); 8 mg ropivacaine plus 45 &mgr;g clonidine (group 3; n =30); and 8 mg ropivacaine plus 75 &mgr;g clonidine (group 4; n =30). The level and duration of sensory anesthesia were recorded, along with the intensity and duration of motor block. Patient and surgeon were interviewed to evaluate the quality of anesthesia. ResultsIntrathecal ropivacaine (8 mg alone) produced short sensory anesthesia and motor blockade (132 ± 38 min and 110 ± 35 min; mean ± SD). However, the quality of anesthesia was significantly lower than in any other group (P < 0.05). Ropivacaine (8 mg) plus 75 &mgr;g clonidine produced significantly longer sensory and motor anesthesia (195 ± 40 min and 164 ± 38 min;P < 0.05). However, this was associated with systemic effects, such as sedation and reduction of arterial blood pressure. Ropivacaine (8 mg) plus 15 &mgr;g clonidine did not prolong sensory or motor blockade, afforded high quality anesthesia, and was not associated with detectable systemic effects. ConclusionSmall-dose intrathecal clonidine (15 &mgr;g) plus 8 mg intrathecal ropivacaine produces adequate and short-lasting anesthesia for knee arthroscopy.
Functional characterization of GATA 3 mutations causing the hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal ( HDR ) dysplasia syndrome : insight into mechanisms of DNA binding by the GATA 3 transcription factor

causing the hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal (HDR) dysplasia syndrome: insight into mechanisms of DNA binding by the GATA3 transcription factor Asif Ali, Paul T. Christie, Irina V. Grigorieva, Brian Harding, Hilde Van Esch, S. Faisal Ahmed, Maria Bitner-Glindzicz, Eberhard Blind, Catherine Bloch, Patricia Christin, Peter Clayton, Jozef Gecz, Brigitte Gilbert-Dussardier, Encarna Guillen-Navarro, Anna Hackett, Isil Halac, Geoffrey N. Hendy, Fiona Lalloo, Christoph J. Mache, Zulf Mughal, Albert C.M. Ong, Choni Rinat, Nicholas Shaw, Sarah F. Smithson, John Tolmie, Jacques Weill, M. Andrew Nesbit and Rajesh V. Thakker*
Risk of death and cardiovascular events in initially healthy women with new-onset atrial fibrillation.

CONTEXT The risks associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) among middle-aged women and populations with a low comorbidity burden are poorly defined. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between incident AF and mortality in initially healthy women and to evaluate the influence of associated cardiovascular comorbidities on risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Between 1993 and March 16, 2010, 34,722 women participating in the Women's Health Study underwent prospective follow-up. Participants were 95% white, older than 45 years (median, 53 [interquartile range {IQR}, 49-59] years), and free of AF and cardiovascular disease at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates were used to determine the risk of events among women with incident AF. Secondary analyses were performed among women with paroxysmal AF. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes included all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality. Secondary outcomes included stroke, congestive heart failure, and myocardial infarction. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 15.4 (IQR, 14.7-15.8) years, 1011 women developed AF. Incidence rates per 1000 person-years among women with and without AF were 10.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.1-13.5) and 3.1 (95% CI, 2.9-3.2) for all-cause mortality, 4.3 (95% CI, 2.6-6.0) and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.5-0.6) for cardiovascular mortality, and 6.5 (95% CI, 4.4-8.6) and 2.5 (95% CI, 2.4-2.6) for noncardiovascular mortality, respectively. In multivariable models, hazard ratios (HRs) of new-onset AF for all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality were 2.14 (95% CI, 1.64-2.77), 4.18 (95% CI, 2.69-6.51), and 1.66 (95% CI, 1.19-2.30), respectively. Adjustment for nonfatal cardiovascular events potentially on the causal pathway to death attenuated these risks, but incident AF remained associated with all mortality components (all-cause: HR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.30-2.22]; cardiovascular: HR, 2.57 [95% CI, 1.63-4.07]; and noncardiovascular: HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.02-1.98]). Among women with paroxysmal AF (n = 656), the increase in mortality risk was limited to cardiovascular causes (HR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.55-5.59). CONCLUSION Among a group of healthy women, new-onset AF was independently associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality, with some of the risk potentially explained by nonfatal cardiovascular events.
[Eosinophilic esophagitis].

La esofagitis eosinofílica (EEo) es una entidad clínica patológica, cuyo reconocimiento va en aumento. En fecha reciente, un grupo de expertos ha señalado que se requieren tres condiciones para su diagnóstico: síntomas de disfunción esofágica, inflamación de predominio eosinofílico con la presencia de 15 o más eosinófilos por campo de gran aumento (CGA) en una o más biopsias del esófago, y la ex-
Effect of acute intermittent hypoxia treatment on ventilatory load compensation and magnitude estimation of inspiratory resistive loads in an individual with chronic incomplete cervical spinal cord injury

Context: Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes disruption of the efferent input to and afferent input from respiratory muscles, which impairs respiratory motor and sensory functions, respectively. This disturbs the injured individual's ability to respond to ventilatory loads and may alter the respiratory perceptual sensitivity of applied loads. Acute intermittent hypoxia with elevated CO2 (AIH treatment) has been shown to induce ventilatory long-term facilitation in individuals with chronic SCI. This study evaluated the effect of ten days of AIH treatment on ventilatory load compensation and respiratory perceptual sensitivity to inspiratory resistive loads (IRL), in an individual with chronic, incomplete cervical SCI. Methods: Case report and literature review. Findings: We report a case of a 55-year-old female with a C4 chronic, incomplete SCI (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale D). The subject underwent evaluation at four time-points: Baseline, Post Sham, AIH Day 1 and AIH Day 10. Significant improvements in airflow generated in response to applied IRL were found after AIH treatment compared to Baseline. There were no significant changes in the respiratory perceptual sensitivity to applied IRL after AIH treatment. Clinical relevance: Rehabilitative interventions after SCI demand restoration of the respiratory motor function. However, they must also ensure that the respiratory perceptual sensitivity of the injured individual does not hinder their capability to compensate to ventilatory challenges.
Design of GaN-based MHz totem-pole PFC rectifier

Totem-pole bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) rectifier is recently recognized as a promising front end candidate for applications like server and telecommunication power supply. In this paper the advantage, enabled by emerging high-voltage gallium-nitride (GaN) devices, of totem-pole PFC rectifier comparing to traditional PFC rectifier is discussed in the beginning. Critical mode operation is used by the totem-pole PFC rectifier in order to achieve both high frequency and high efficiency. Then several high frequency issues and detailed design considerations are introduced including zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) extension for entire line-cycle ZVS operation; variable on-time strategy for zero-crossing distortion suppression; and interleaving control for ripple current cancellation. The volume reduction of differential-mode (DM) electro-magnetic interference (EMI) filter significantly benefited from MHz high frequency operation and multi-phase interleaving is also presented. Finally, a 1.2kW GaN-based MHz totem-pole PFC rectifier is demonstrated with 99% peak efficiency and 200W/in3 power density.