Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Annual spatial and temporal variations of soil organic carbon and its components in Castanopsis fargesii forest

To provide a theoretical basis for evaluation of the carbon sequestration status of a soil ecosystem in a Castanopsis fargesii forest and for development of a sustainable forestry management strategy in the study region, soil from C. fargesii in Dagangshan, Jiangxi Province was taken as the research object. Using the method of potassium dichromate volumetric and mineralization with a constant indoor temperature of 28℃ and then fitted with a double exponential equation to get the contents of soil organic carbon, soil active carbon and slow-release carbon respectively. Characteristics of spatial and temporal variation for soil organic carbon (SOC), active carbon, and slow-release carbon content were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons between data using the LSD method. Results showed that the soil organic carbon, slow-release carbon and active carbon contents had the same profile characteristics and accumulated in 0-20 cm surface soil. Compared to April, June, October and December, the interlayer content in August changed significantly (P < 0.05). For a depth of 0-100 cm, the total SOC, active carbon and slow-release carbon content had the same temporal variation characteristics increasing from April to June, reaching a maximum in August, and then decreasing. Conversion of soil slow-release carbon and active carbon from April to June and August to October was strong; soil slow-release carbon content was changed significantly (P < 0.05) and further lead SOC changed significantly in this stage. There was no significant difference in soil active carbon content between the different time. From April to June, the soil active carbon content for 0-20 cm was the fastest growing stage with a rate of increase of 1.30 g·kg-1·month-1, but there was no significant increase in soil active carbon content because of the conversion of active carbon into slow-release carbon and the plum rain season. In general, temporal and spatial changes of total SOC and slow carbon content were more consistent.
Articles : Comparative Studies of Protein Modification Mediated by Fenton - like Reactions of Iron , Hematin , and Hemoglobin : Generation of Different Reactive Oxidizing Species

The reactive oxygen species oxidatively modify the biological macromolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Iron- and heme-mediated Fenton-like reactions produce different pro-oxidants. However, these reactive products have not been clearly characterized. We examined the nature of the oxidizing species from the different iron sources by measuring oxidative protein modification and spectroscopic study. Hemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (metHb) were oxidatively modified in O·₂^- and H₂O₂ generating systems. Globin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were also modified by iron, iron-EDTA, hematin, and Hb in an O·₂^- generating system. In a H₂O₂ generating system, the iron- and iron-EDTA-mediated protein modifications were markedly reduced while the Hb-and hematin-mediated modifications were slightly increased. In the O·₂^- generating system, the iron- and iron-EDTA-mediated protein modifications were strongly inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase, but heme- and Hb-mediated protein modifications were inhibited only by catalase and slightly increased by SOD. Mannitol, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), deoxyribose, and thiourea inhibited the iron -EDTA-mediated protein modification. Mannitol and DMPO, however, did not exhibit significant inhibition in the hematin-mediated modification. Desferrioxamine (DFO) inhibited protein modification mediated by iron, but cyanide and azide did not, while the hematin-mediated protein modification was inhibited by cyanide and azide, but not significantly by DFO. The protein-modified products by iron and heme were different. ESR and UV-visible spectroscopy detected the DMPO spin adduct of the hydroxyl radical and ferryl ion generated from iron-EDTA and metHb, respectively. These results led us to conclude that the main oxidizing species are hydroxyl radical in the iron-EDTA type and the ferryl ion in the hematin type, the latter being more effective for protein modification.
Protective effect and mechanism of phosphatidylserine in UVB-induced human dermal fibroblasts: Protective mechanism of phosphatidylserine on UV induced HDFs

Phosphatidylserine (PS), a highly enriched membrane phospholipid component, is known to have several physiological roles, such as activating signaling enzymes and antioxidant activity. However, the protective biological mechanisms of PS in human skin have not been clearly investigated. In this study, we investigated the anti-photoaging effects of PS and its possible mechanisms in UVB-induced human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). After 24 h incubation, PS significantly increased type I procollagen synthesis with or without UVB exposure. The expressions of MMP-1 and pro-MMP-1 were inhibited, and activities of total MMPs were decreased in a dose-dependent manner by treatment of PS in UVB-induced HDFs. The MAPKs/AP-1 signaling pathway was downregulated by PS in a dose-dependent manner. PS increases procollagen synthesis and inhibits MMP-1 expression and activity by downregulating MAPKS/AP-1 signaling pathways. This study suggests that PS can be used as a therapeutic agent to prevent UVB-induced skin photoaging and perhaps even natural skin aging. Practical applications: In this study, we evaluated the protective effects and mechanism of PS on UV induced photoaging in human dermal fibroplasts. PS increases type I procollagen synthesis and decreases MMP-1 activity by downregulating the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway in UVB-induced HDFs. These results suggest that PS can be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of photoaging and possibly even natural aging in human skin. For medicinal and cosmetic application, further studies on in vivo clinical applications are necessary to fully elucidate the function and mechanism of PS on human skin photoaging.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ABUTMENT FINISH LINE CONFIGURATION ON STRESS DISTRIBUTION OF IMPLANT SUPPORTED ZIRCONIA FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE

Purpose: to study the influence of different abutment finish line configuration on stress distribution of implant supported fixed partial denture. Materials& Methods: Two endo-osseous screw vent implants for 2 nd premolar and 2 nd molar were chosen and placed parallel to each other. After resin model construction, Implants were attached to the corresponding abutments group according to the finish line configuration of the abutments. Group A: standard abutment with circular contour, Group B: anatomical abutment with anatomical contour. The fixed partial denture was designed with a flat area on the occlusal surface to accommodate for the loading pin tip each time. Strain gauges were adhered to four different sites (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) and a force of 200N over 30 seconds duration and maintained for 30 seconds also. Then forces were removed and residual strains were released for 2 minutes. Results: One-way ANOVA used to compare between different abutment finish line configuration and teeth for mean Strain (µm/m) and total strain followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test for pairwise comparison. Significant level set at p < 0.05. The results revealed that all types of abutments have a certain level of misfit, which resulted in measurable strains. Significant difference was found between the different groups of the finish line configuration (standard & anatomical). Conclusion: Difference in abutment finish line configuration may affect the stress pattern induced around dental implants. Clinical significant: implant abutment with anatomical finish line configuration is a preferred selection for better stress distribution.
Production Efficiency and Financial Performance in Pharmaceutical Industry: A Case of Top 24 Companies

Contributing to the field of medicine, pharmaceutical industry plays a key role in development of the society’s health, an extremely important social and economic asset. Current study is of crucial importance as it applied data envelopment analysis and traditional accounting indicators to measure the production efficiency and financial performance of top 24 pharmaceutical producers over five years (2011-2015). Based on the results, major portion of the tested companies showed production efficiencies and profitability positions below the industry average. Overall liquidity and asset utilization position of the industry also was not satisfying. Only two companies i.e. Novo Nordisk, a company from Denmark, and Gilead Sciences, an American company, indicated overall pleasing financial and efficiency performances. Allergan, an American company, revealed lower financial and efficiency results than other pharmaceutical producers. Japanese companies notably Takeda showed no satisfying results particularly in terms of profitability. Bayer, a company from Germany revealed better efficiency performance than its compatriot, Merck-KGaA. Comparing two Swiss companies, Roche outpaced Novartis. AbbVie and GlaxoSmithKline needed to reduce their extensive reliance on debt financing. Financial results of AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Pfizer, Merck & Co., Bristol-Myers-Squib, and Teva were below the industry average. Amgen showed an extensive cash tied up in non-productive assets.
Anticoagulación oral en el adulto mayor frágil con fibrilación auricular

Introduction: Aging increases the risk of thrombosis and embolic phenomena. It also brings physiological changes, and comorbidities such as atrial fibrillation that makes complex the onset and safety of anti-clotting. Despite the greater availability of anti-clotting clinics and new oral anticoagulants, the percentage of elderly who are anticoagulated is low, even though they have indications and no contraindications. Objective: To review the main strategies to predict and reduce the risk of bleeding with the use of oral anti-clotting in fragile elderly patients. Methodology: A systematic search was conducted on studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation in adults older than 65 years, and a search for studies on the frailty syndrome and its impact on the elderly anticoagulated. Results and Discussion: Fragility has been termed to the percentage of elderly who were diagnosed with a greater deterioration of their biological, physical and cognitive systems, leading to a greater probability of adverse outcomes in health, disability and death. Some clinical features have been studied to identify patients as fragile; Linda Fried's frai l ty phenotype evaluates these characteristics; furthermore, there are strategies for monitoring oral anticoagulants that should be known to reduce the risk of adverse events. Conclusions: The frail elderly has some risk factors that are likely to affect the efficacy and safety of oral anti-clotting therapy. Existing clinical guidelines do not provide enough evidence and do not consider the elderly patient in a multidimensional manner. [Cadena-Sanabria MO, Pinto-Saavedra OM, ContrerasValero JF, Ortega-Ramírez GE, Bautista-Mier HA. Oral anticlotting in the fragile elderly with atrial fibrillation. MedUNAB 2017; 19(3): 221-229]
Mechanisms by which Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Block HIV-1 Replication Alone and in Combination with other Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Inhibition of reverse transcriptase (RT) is a vital tactic in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are a class of compounds demonstrated to act as allosteric inhibitors of RT DNA polymerization. However, several lines of evidence suggest that polymerization may not be the main mechanism of inhibition of reverse transcription. It has been demonstrated that NNRTIs also have the ability to modulate RT ribonuclease (RNase) H cleavage. Additionally, recent evidence suggests that resistance to chain-terminating nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is dependent on a balance between the polymerase and RNase H activities of the enzyme. In light of this, I hypothesize that NNRTIs block reverse transcription by exerting effects on both the DNA polymerase and RNase H active sites of the enzyme, significantly disrupting the equilibrium between these two enzymatic activities. Therefore, the ability for NNRTIs to be combined with other classes of RT inhibitors in antiretroviral therapies will depend on how these compounds respond to the NNRTI-induced shift in the polymerase/RNase H activity equilibrium. This study demonstrates that NNRTIs cause the accelerated appearance of secondary RNase H cleavage products that have decreased RNA/DNA hybrid structures. As a result, these template/primers(T/Ps) are not sufficient substrates for NRTI removal and therefore, excision is less efficient in the presence of NNRTIs. Additionally, fluorescent resonance energy transfer experiments demonstrate that NNRTIs cause a shift in the binding of RT and T/P such that the RNase H domain is moved away from the 5'end of the primer. Finally, subunit-specific analysis shows that resistance to RTI combination therapy facilitated by the N348I mutation is a result of effects from the p51 subunit. I propose that the binding of NNRTIs cause RT to bind to T/P in a polymerase-incompetent mode, resulting in decreased polymerization and shorted RNase H cleavage products. Additionally, N348I can facilitate dual resistance by favoring the polymerase-competent binding mode. This work is of public health significance because it lays the foundation for the development of new reverse transcriptase inhibitors and highlights the importance of resistance in the connection domain of HIV-1 RT.
Clusterwise Sparse PLS

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Clusterwise Sparse PLS Stéphanie Bougeard, Ndeye Niang-Keita, Cristian Preda, Gilbert Saporta
Uso de Simulador de Geração de Tráfego para a Melhoria de Desempenho de Sistemas Legados Críticos

Alguns sistemas legados tendem a possuir uma arquitetura pouco escalável, fazendo com que pouco se possa evoluir em questões de desempenho. Por outro lado, o acesso a internet vem crescendo, fazendo com que mais pessoas tenham acesso e obrigando, consequentemente, que os sistemas evoluam para manter a eficiência com a nova demanda. Nesse trabalho é apresentada uma mudança arquitetural realizada no sistema legado de matrículas da Universidade de Brasília visando a melhoria de desempenho. Também é demonstrado um gerador de tráfego (TRAFFICGEN) construído para submeter o sistema a uma carga semelhante à que ocorre durante os períodos de matrícula e dessa forma fossem realizadas diversas melhorias. Foi verificado que o sistema modificado alcançou uma melhoria de desempenho de mais de 5 com relação à versão de produção com a metade dos servidores utilizados e que ainda suporta um aumento de carga de pelo menos 215% sem degradação do desempenho.
The tadpole of Odontophrynus barrio Cei, Ruiz, and Beçak, 1982 (Anura: Odontophrynidae): a comparison with the other tadpoles of the genus

We describe the tadpole of Odontophrynus barrioi including external larval features, chondrocranial and cranial musculature, and compare it with the other species of the genus. Tadpoles of O. barrioi at stages 31–37 are about 52.46 mm long. The body is slightly depressed in lateral view and ovoid in dorsal view. Oral disc is emarginate laterally, anteroventral and small with a single row of marginal papillae, a single large dorsal gap, and labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1). Despite small interspecific variations, like different labial tooth row formulae, the general aspect of species is quite similar. Although poorly-known yet, the chondrocranium and cranial musculature display some variations within the genus.
The present-time Milky Way stellar Metallicity Gradient

Abstract The present-time Milky Way (MW) radial metallicity gradient is a prime observable for galaxy evolution studies. Yet, a large diversity of measured gradients can be found in the literature, with values ranging from -0.01 to -0.09 dex kpc−1, depending on the tracers used. In order to understand if this diversity comes from Galactic evolution processes or observational biases, stellar probes uniformly distributed across the disc and with accurately known ages and distances are needed. Classical Cepheids fulfil all these requirements and have been used to measure accurate abundance gradients in the MW. Here, I summarise some of the recent results based on Cepheids and on other stellar probes of similar age, and briefly discuss their implication for Galactic evolution.
Species Distribution Modeling

Models of species distributions aim to describe and often to predict the spatial distribution of individual species, using as a basis the species’ relationship with its environment. At a broad level this can be done in two main ways. The first is to model the processes that underpin where the species occur: demographic or physiological processes that fundamentally define the species distribution. The second and much more common approach is to fit a numerical model that defines the relationships between observations of the species occurrence and any covariates considered relevant. This article focuses on the second, aiming to introduce the reader to key texts and ideas in this large and popular field of modeling whose applications span ecology, biogeography, evolutionary biology, conservation, biosecurity, health, and computation. It focuses on the models and the mapped predictions often derived from them. Referred to as species distribution models (SDMs) here, these (or their variants) are also referred to as ecological niche models, habitat models, or bioclimatic envelope models. Several textbooks have now been published on SDMs, giving good insights into background, theory, applications, data, and models. Thousands of manuscripts are published including those developing new methods, those that apply SDMs to ecological theory and understanding, and those that apply the maps in conservation, planning, and management applications. This bibliography leads the reader through the literature, first covering the background and standard approaches to fitting, evaluating, and reporting SDMs. Then, aiming to extend beyond the information presented thoroughly in existing textbooks, it describes related models that are still correlative and applicable for modeling individual species but that provide important extensions. These allow modelers to deal with the common complexities in data (structured datasets, imperfect detection, spatio-temporal issues) and to broaden the models to include biological processes or issues of interest such as biotic interactions, movement, traits and phylogenetic data.
Flavonoids from the leaves of betalain-containing species, Phytolacca americana (Phytolaccaceae).

Flavonoids in the leaves of Phytolacca americana (Phytolaccaceae), which is native to North America and growing in Japan as a cosmopolitan weed, were surveyed. They were isolated by paper, column and high performance liquid chromatography, and identified as kaempferol 3-Oglucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-glucoside by UV spectral survey, acid hydrolysis, LC-MS, H and C NMR, and direct TLC and HPLC comparisons with authentic samples. The species exclusively synthesizes the betalain pigments and can not make anthocyanins, which are major pigments in almost vascular plants. However, it was reconfirmed by this survey that P. americana can make flavonol glycosides which biosynthetically related to anthocyanins. Moreover, it was presumed by comparisons with the previous reports that the geographic chemical variations are produced in the species.
Geometrical Optimization and Electronic Properties of Li on Xn Nanoclusters

The optimized coordinates has been investigated at ground state, B3LYP, 3-21G basis sets with density functional theory (DFT). nbsp Also optimized parameters such bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles have been calculated for all nanoclusters under study. Density of states (DOS) also performed for pure Xn nanoclusters, Lithium on Xn nanoclusters.nbspnbspnbsp Infrared spectra has been carried out for pure Xn nanoclusters and Lithium on Xn nanoclusters, in which (X = Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr)) and (n = 4 , 6). Some electronically properties have been achieved in this study like electronic states, energy gap, ionization potential and electron affinity. All calculations have been investigated by using Gaussian 09 package.
Bony fishes part 3 (menidae to pomacentridae)

This multivolume field guide covers the species of interest to fisheries of the major marine resource groups exploited in the Western Central Pacific. The area of coverage includes FAO Fishing Area 71 and the southwestern portion of Fishing Area 77 corresponding to the South Pacific Commission mandate area. The marine resource groups included are seaweeds, corals, bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods, stomatopods, shrimps, lobsters, crabs, holothurians, sharks, batoid fishes, chimaeras, bony fishes, estuarine crocodiles, sea turtles, sea snakes and marine mammals. The introductory chapter outlines the environmental, ecological and biogeographical factors influencing the marine biota as well as the basic components of the fisheries in the Western Central Pacific. Within the field guide, the sections on the resource groups are arranged phylogenetically according to higher taxonomic levels such as class, order and family. Each resource group is introduced by general remarks on the group, an illustrated section on technical terms and measurements and a key or guide to orders or families. Each family generally has an account summarizing family diagnostic characters, biological and fisheries information, notes on similar families occurring in the area, a key to species, a checklist of species and a short list of relevant literature. Families that are less important to fisheries include an abbreviated family account and no detailed species information. Species in the important families are treated in detail (arranged alphabetically by genus and species) and include the species name, frequent synonyms and names of similar species, an illustration, FAO common name(s), diagnostic characters, biology and fisheries information, notes on geographical distribution and a distribution map. For less important species, abbreviated accounts are used. Generally, this includes the species name, FAO common name(s), an illustration, a distribution map and notes on biology, fisheries and distribution. Each volume concludes with its own index of scientific and common names.