Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth rate and yields of a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid variety grown on a light and a medium-heavy soil as affected by cutting management and seeding rate

Light vs. medium-heavy soil, number of cuts and seeding rate were studied for their effect on growth rate and yields of cv. Nutri Honey, a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid grown in a fi eld trial at Pawlowice (51o09 N; 17o06 E) in the years 2007–2009. The experiment site is part of the Department of Crop Production, Wroclaw University of Life Sciences, Poland. The experiment was set up on two soils, light and medium-heavy, in midMay. No interaction among the factors under study was found for the number of plants after emergence, number of shoots prior to harvest, or for the dry matter yield. Number of plants after emergence was signifi cantly higher on the light soil. Conversely, number of tillers at the end of growth was higher on the mediumheavy soil. Increasing the number of cuts promoted tillering and increased the number of shoots as counted at the end of growth. Weather pattern was found to have the greatest impact on yields. In the favourable year of 2009 the yield of DM was 14.8 t ha. Number of cuts signifi cantly affected the yields of DM, the highest yields being obtained with a single harvest (16,0 t DM ha). The hybrid Nutri Honey gave signifi cantly higher yields on the medium-heavy soil (12,8 t DM ha) than on the light one (10,5 t DM ha). Increasing seeding rate by 100% had no appreciable effect on DM yields. key words: sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, soil heaviness category, cutting frequency, growth rate, dry matter yield
Cognitive Therapy in the Treatment of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

Behaviour therapy, namely exposure and response prevention, has for many years been the treat ment of choice for most patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD). However, at least 25% of patients with OCD refuse exposure and response prevention or drop-out early. Of those who do comply, about 75% make reasonable gains and maintain them in the long-term. This means that 50% of patients who are offered treatment by exposure and response prevention either refuse, drop-out or show little improvement. Many patients find exposure distressing and this is probably the main reason for dropping-out early. Treatment failures tend to be associated with a depressed mood, over-valued ideation, slowness, mental compulsions and severe degrees of avoidance. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in high doses for prolonged periods of time have been the main alternative treatment to exposure and response prevention. Controlled trials have found SSRIs to be as effective as exposure and response prevention in the short-term, but there is high rate of relapse on discontinuation of the drugs. Longterm use may mean unacceptable side-effects such as anorgasmia, which can be difficult to treat. The combination of exposure and response prevention and SSRIs has not been fully evaluated, but in the long-term does not appear to confer any extra benefit for most patients unless they are also depressed. There is, therefore, still much progress to be made in the treatment of OCD. It is within this climate that cognitive therapy for OCD is being developed and evaluated. Evidence-based practice means that exposure and response prevention is still the treatment of choice for most practitioners treating patients with OCD. The number of controlled trials and the research into exposure and response prevention for OCD is very large compared to cognitive therapy. The application of cognitive therapy to OCD is also more difficult than exposure and response prevention, which can now even be delivered by computer (Greist et al, 1998). Early controlled trials have, however, found cognitive therapy alone to be as effective as exposure and response prevention (Van Oppen et al, 1995). Most practitioners would not, however, consider 'throwing the baby out with the bath water'. Further research will be required to
Xanthophyll cycling in Phaeocystis antarctica:changes in cellular fluorescence

The xanthophyll cycle has been implicated as a possible photoprotective mechanism in higher plants and algae by dissipating excess excitation energy via non-photochemical q.uenching. To examine whether colonial Phaeocystis antarctica Karsten displays xanthophyll cycling, nutrient-replete cu l tu r~s were initially grown under limiting (40 pm01 quanta m 2 s ~ ' ) and saturating (280 pm01 quanta m-2 S' ) irradiances for photosynthesis and their responses to irradiance transitions were examined for 1 h under 4 treatments. The ~ I I v ~ v o chl-specific absorption coefficient [aml+,(h), m2 (mg chl a)-'] for the light-limiled cultures was initially lower than the light-saturated cultures while chlorophyll (chl) anormallzed fluorrscence yields were similar for both treatments. Increases in irradiance induced increases in the diatoxanthin to diadinoxanthin ratio (DT:DD, w:w) up to 9-fold whereas parallel decreases in Irradiance similarly decreased the DT:DD ratio. Light-induced Increases in DT concentration were reduced in cultures exposed to dithiothreltol (DTT), an inhibitor of DD to DT conversion. Short-term changes in DD and DT concentrations were attributed solely to xanthophyll cycling; no de novo synthesis of DD or DT was evident based on a constant sum of DD and DT in the 1 h expenmental perturbations. It was found that DD and DT de novo synthesis required long-term acclimation; the mass ratio at steady state of (DD+DT)/chl a was 0.1 and 0.4 for the low and high light treatments, respectively. Pooled results from treatment and control cultures showed a linear relationship between light-induced changes in DT/chl a concentration and F/chl a (fluorescence to chl a ratio) and the slopes depended on the initial photoacclimated state of the culture. Cellular fluorescence changes appeared to be physiologically based; aaph()L) did not change in response to abrupt irradiance changes. Xanthophyll cycling may enable P antarctica to tolerate both high light environments and sudden changes in irradidnce, which occur during austral spring due to shallow mixed layers and intermittent shading by ice or clouds.
The evolution of sex-limited colour polymorphism

Species that exhibit colour polymorphism, the simultaneous occurrence of two or more discrete phenotypes with a genetic basis, are ideal for studying the microevolutionary forces that maintain genetic variation in nature. One very intriguing type of genetically determined polymorphism is the co-existence of several discrete morphs within only the male, or within only the female, sex. These morphs typically differ in body coloration and sometimes behaviour, with one morph often resembling the opposite sex. In males, this resemblance often allows access to receptive females, whereas in females the polymorphism appears related to avoiding excessive male sexual harassment. One might wonder why natural selection does not simply give rise to a single best male and female type for each species. Odonates are good candidate species to address this type of question because sex-limited polymorphism is widespread within the group, facilitating hypothesis testing through comparative analyses. Odonates are also widely distributed geographically and they are convenient to work with from a methodological perspective because they can be studied over their lifetime on an individual basis under either natural or arti! cial conditions. The phenomenon of sex-limited polymorphisms provides an important opportunity to test contemporary ideas relating to sexual selection and sexual con" ict, and the diversity of polymorphisms that have arisen in odonates clearly offers one of the best natural systems for among-species comparative research.
An Improved Feature Weighting Strategy in Chinese Text Categorization

In the process of document formalization, feature weight algorithm plays an essential role. It greatly interferes with the performance of the classifier. To improve the classic TF-IDF algorithm on its shortcomings that ignore feature distribution among the classes, we develop a new strategy to weight feature based on ICF and traditional TF-IDF. We have conducted a series of experiments on two text corpuses, namely the TanCorpV1.0 and Sogou, to analyze the performance of our strategy, which are described in the paper. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed strategy can to some extent improve the performance of text categorization.
Encapsulation of Beetroot Extract using Spray Drying

: The present work was carried out to produce a dry powder of red colour from beetroot, for natural colouring of some food products using encapsulation technique. Betalains are water-soluble, nitrogen-containing pigments which seeks awareness towards food industry. They are present in most plants belonging to the order Caryophyllales, where they execute the function of anthocyanins, and are divided into two groups: red colour betacyanins and yellow colour betaxanthins. They are bioactive molecules that comprise of health-promoting properties. In this work, the characteristic betalain and its stability is highly promoted by its encapsulation in a combination of maltodextrin and gum arabics matrix. A suitable spray-drying procedure for encapsulation is described, and a bright red powder is obtained. The strength is analyzed under different conditions and different physical and chemical analysis were done to analyze the properties of the powder.
Current Trend in Pneumococcal Serotype Distribution in Asia

The majority of smooth muscle tumors found in the uterus are benign, but uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are extremely malignant, with high rates of recurrence and metastasis. The development of gynecologic tumors is often correlated with female hormone secretion; however, the development of uterine LMS is not substantially correlated with hormonal conditions, and the risk factors are not clearly understood. The presentation of antigenic peptides by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules is important for tumor rejection by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Such antigenic peptides are generated as a result of the degradation of intracellular proteins by the proteasome pathway, a process that is influenced by the interferon (IFN)-? -inducible low molecular mass polypeptide-2 (LMP2) subunit of the 20S proteasome. Homozygous deficient mice for LMP2 are now known to spontaneously develop uterine LMS. LMP2 expression is reportedly absent in human uterine LMS, but present in human myometrium. Further studies revealed a few infiltrating CD56+ NK cells in human uterine LMS tissues. This review aims at summarizing recent insights into the regulation of NK cell function and the T cell-mediated immune system as tumor immune surveillance, first attempts to exploit NK cell activation to improve immunity to tumors.
Do exits proxy for a liability of foreigners? The case of Japanese exits from the United States

Progress in understanding the liability of foreignness requires accurate measurement of this concept. This paper investigates whether exits of foreign affiliates from a given host market provide a reliable measure. We tackle this question by investigating 32 exits of Japanese manufacturing affiliates from the United States. Our goal is to assess the extent to which exits are driven by a liability of foreignness, and thus whether exits can serve as a reliable measurement of this liability. We find that less than half of our exits are attributable to a liability of foreignness. We conclude that while the data confirm a liability of foreignness for Japanese early entrants into the United States, the presence of many other motives for exit suggest caution when inferring such a liability from exits, especially when exit costs are low.
Estimating spatial, temporal and individual variability in dolphin cumulative exposure to boat traffic using spatially explicit capture–recapture methods

Appropriate management of the effects of human activities on animal populations requires quantification of the rate at which animals encounter stressors. Such activities are heterogeneously distributed in space, as are the individual animals in a population. This will result in a heterogeneous exposure rate, which is also likely to vary over time. A spatially explicit analysis of individual exposure is therefore required. We applied Bayesian spatially explicit capture–recapture models to photo‐identification data to estimate the home range of well‐marked individuals in a protected coastal population of bottlenose dolphins. Model results were combined with the estimated distribution of boat traffic to quantify how exposure to this disturbance varied in time and space. Variability in exposure between individuals was also investigated using a mixed‐effects model. The cumulative individual exposure to boat traffic varied between summers, depending both on the overall area usage and the degree of individual movement around the activity centres. Despite this variability, regions of higher risk could be identified. There were marked inter‐individual differences in the predicted amount of time dolphins spent in the presence of boats, and individuals tended to be consistently over‐ or underexposed across summers. Our study offers a framework to describe the temporal, spatial and individual variation in exposure to anthropogenic stressors when individuals can be repeatedly identified over time. It provides opportunities to map exposure risk and understand how this evolves in time at both individual and population levels. The outcome of such modelling can be used as a robust evidence base to support management decisions.
Shape memory polymer hexachiral auxetic structures with tunable stiffness

Planar auxetic structures have the potential to impact on a wide range of applications from deployable and morphing structures to space-filling composite and medical treatments. The ability to fabricate auxetics from smart materials greatly enhances this facility by building in controllable actuation and deployment. A smart auxetic device can be compressed and fixed into a storage state. When deployment is required the device can be appropriately stimulated and the stored elastic energy is released, resulting in a marked structural expansion. Instead of using a conventional external actuator to drive deployment the material is made to undergo phase transition where one stimulus (e.g. heat) initiates a mechanical response. Here we show how smart material auxetics can be realized using a thermally responsive shape memory polymer composites. We show how a shape memory polymer auxetic hexachiral structure can be tailored to provide a tunable stiffness response in its fully deployed state by varying the angle of inter-hub connections, and yet is still able to undergo thermally stimulated deployment.
Characterization of radiation induced and tissue culture derived dwarf types in banana by using a SCAR marker

In banana tissue cultures, the occurrence of dwarf off types is a common phenomenon and their detection become relevant. In this study, tissue culture derived (somaclonal) and radiation-induced off types in banana cultivars. Robusta and Giant Cavendish were analyzed using a SCAR-based molecular diagnostic technique. The dwarfs were initially characterized at maturity, by height, leaf shape, pseudostem height and other agronomic characters. At the molecular level, amplification with the SCAR primer resulted in an expected amplified fragment of 1500 bp in normal but not in the dwarf types. Further in a multiplex PCR, an internal positive control was included using primers for 18S rRNA which gave amplification in both the normal and dwarf types. This study shows that the dwarf off-types isolated through tissue culture and radiation-mutagenesis were true dwarfs, validated by using the dwarfspecific RAPD marker for banana.
Deciphering O-glycomics for the development and production of biopharmaceuticals

The functional impact of glycosylation on drug efficacy and safety profiles has been demonstrated in a wide range of biopharmaceuticals. Understanding of the N-glycosylation pathway and the advent of analytical technologies has enabled both detailed and rapid characterization of N-glycans, thus providing critical insights for regulatory compliance. In comparison, O-glycosylation encompasses several types of protein modifications by a more heterogeneous pool of sugars, and the understanding of its biology is less mature. Concomitantly, there exist several limitations in O-glycan analytical strategies, impacting both O-glycoprotein-based drug development and regulatory compliance. Here, we aim to provide a critical review of the biology and functional importance of O-glycosylation in the context of existing and potential O-glycoprotein drugs, as well as the corresponding analytical methods. The ultimate goal is to identify the gaps in current analytical methods and propose potential future directions for O-glycosylation analysis, to support the development and production of O-glycosylated biopharmaceuticals.
The role of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (RCD code: II-1A.5)

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a debilitating disease caused by chronic obstruction of major pulmonary arteries. The median age of patients at diagnosis of CTEPH is 63 years and both genders are equally affected. The symptoms are usually nonspecific, particularly in the early stages of the disease, which significantly delays the diagnosis. All patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) of the unknown aetiology should be diagnosed for CTEPH, even without the information on pulmonary embolism in the medical history. Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy of the lungs has the highest sensitivity in the diagnosis of CTEPH. A positive result of scintigraphy suggestive of CTEPH is not enough to diagnose the disease. Right heart catheterization and angiography of the pulmonary arteries definitively confirm the diagnosis. All patients with CTEPH should receive chronic oral anticoagulation using generally vitamin K antagonists (warfarin, acenocumarol). Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the only effective treatment for eliminating the cause of the disease. However, not all patients can be referred for pulmonary endarterectomy surgery. According to data from the European CTEPH Registry of the years 2007-2009, over 40% of patients is not subjected to the operation mainly due to the distal location of thromboembolic changes. Currently, riociguat is the only approved therapeutic agent for the pharmacological treatment of inoperable/persistent CTEPH. In some cases, Off-lebel use of drugs approved for PAH may be considered in symptomatic patients with inoperable CTEPH/persistent PH after PEA. Recent advances in balloon pulmonary angioplasty make it a promising therapeutic alternative for selected patients with non-operable CTEPH. JRCD 2015; 2 (2): 4–8
Beneficial Delays in Debt Restructuring Negotiations

Delays in debt restructuring negotiations are widely regarded as inefficient. This paper argues that delays can allow the economy to recover from a crisis, make more resources available for debt settlement, and enable the negotiating parties to enjoy a larger "cake". Within this context, therefore, delays may be "beneficial". This paper explores this idea by constructing a dynamic model of sovereign default in which debt renegotiation is modeled as a stochastic bargaining game based on Merlo and Wilson's (1995) framework. Quantitative analysis shows that this model can generate an average delay length comparable to that experienced by Argentina in its most recent debt restructuring.
The Comparative Growth of Goods and Services Prices

For several decades, the prices of services have been rising more rapidly than the prices of goods in Canada and the other major industrialized countries. In 2002, this gap between the growth rates of these two components of the consumer price index (CPI) widened considerably, leading researchers to ask if this was the beginning of a trend. Analysis reveals, however, that the gap is based on short-term dynamics and that it appears to be independent of the trend in the development of the overall price level. Evidence also shows that the gap is eventually reabsorbed. The authors examine a number of potential causes for the prices of services to rise faster than those of goods. These include the more rapid pace of productivity growth in the goods sector, the greater openness of goods to foreign trade, and stronger growth in the demand for services.
An isogeometric analysis Bézier interface element for mechanical and poromechanical fracture problems

Interface elements are a powerful tool for modelling discontinuities. Herein, we develop an interface element that is based on the isogeometric analysis concept. Through Bézier extraction, the novel interface element can be casted in the same format as conventional interface elements. Consequently, the isogeometric interface element can be implemented in a straightforward manner in an existing finite element software by a mere redefinition of the shape functions. The interface elements share the advantages of isogeometric continuum elements in that they can exactly model the geometry. On the other hand, they inherit the simplicity of conventional interface elements, but also some deficiencies, such as the occurrence of traction oscillations when a high interface stiffness is used. The extension towards poroelasticity is rather straightforward, and in this situation, the smoother flow profiles and the ensuing preservation of local mass balance are additional advantages. These are demonstrated at the hand of some example problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Singular‐Value Partitioning in Biplot Analysis of Multienvironment Trial Data

Multienvironment trials (MET) are conducted every year for all major crops throughout the world, and best use of the information contained in MET data for cultivar evaluation and recommendation has been an important issue in plant breeding and agricultural research. A genotype main effect plus genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot based on MET data allows visualizing (i) the which-won-where pattern of the MET, (ii) the interrelationship among test environments, and (iii) the ranking of genotypes based on both mean performance and stability. Correct visualization of these aspects, however, requires appropriate singular-value (SV) partitioning between the genotype and environment eigenvectors. This paper compares four SV scaling methods. Genotype-focused scaling partitions the entire SV to the genotype eigenvectors; environment-focused scaling partitions the entire SV to the environment eigenvectors; symmetrical scaling splits the SV symmetrically between the genotype and the environment eigenvectors; and equal-space scaling splits the SV such that genotype markers and environment markers take equal biplot space. It is recommended that the genotype-focused scaling be used in visualizing the interrelationship and comparison among genotypes and the environment-focused scaling be used in visualizing the interrelationship and comparison among environments. All scaling methods are equally valid in visualizing the which-won-where pattern of the MET data, but the symmetric scaling is preferred because it has all properties intermediate between the genotype- and the environment-focused scaling methods.