Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Falklands Veterans Five Years After the Conflict

A group of 64 Falklands war veterans who were still serving in the British Army were studied and compared with a group of matched controls. Half the veterans reported some symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, and 22% were rated as having the complete PTSD syndrome. Presence of the symptoms was associated with intensity of combat experience and the retrospective report of emotional difficulties in the initial period on return from the war.
Predator–prey body size relationships when predators can consume prey larger than themselves

As predator–prey interactions are inherently size-dependent, predator and prey body sizes are key to understanding their feeding relationships. To describe predator–prey size relationships (PPSRs) when predators can consume prey larger than themselves, we conducted field observations targeting three aquatic hemipteran bugs, and assessed their body masses and those of their prey for each hunting event. The data revealed that their PPSR varied with predator size and species identity, although the use of the averaged sizes masked these effects. Specifically, two predators had slightly decreased predator–prey mass ratios (PPMRs) during growth, whereas the other predator specialized on particular sizes of prey, thereby showing a clear positive size–PPMR relationship. We discussed how these patterns could be different from fish predators swallowing smaller prey whole.
Enrichissement d'ontologies grâce à l'annotation sémantique de pages web

Nous presentons une approche pour enrichir automatiquement une ontologie a partir d'un ensemble de pages web structurees. Cette approche s'appuie sur un noyau d'ontologie initial. Son originalite est d'exploiter conjointement la structure des documents et des annotations semantiques produites a l'aide du noyau d'ontologie pour identifier de nouveaux concepts et des specialisations de relations qui enrichissent l'ontologie. Nous avons implemente et evalue ce processus en realisant une ontologie de plantes a partir de fiches de jardinage.
Fuzzy Bayesian Conditional Probability Model and its Application in Differential Diagnosis of Non-Toxic Thyropathy

Based on the Fuzzy mathematical principle, an all- propose fuzzy Bayesian conditional probability model (FBCPM) on differential diagnosis of non-toxic thyropathy is established. In this paper, the species of diseases consist in the state space, the information space is composed of the symptoms of diseases, attaching function is created based on the clinic experiences of the clinists and statistical principle, quantum standard of each symptom is determined under condition that medical experts take part in, and the posterior probability that the symptoms of the sufferer have come forth is defined. After the relative information, such as symptom signs of the sufferer, prior and conditional probabilities of each disease, is obtained from the case histories of the cases, attaching function values of all symptoms and posterior probability of each case can be calculated. The disease corresponding to the maximum of posterior probability is just diagnosed results. Finally, the performance of the FBCPM is tested using previous cases. The results has shown that accurate rate of the FBCPM is greater than that of the clinic medical experts via diagnosing the history cases.
New perspectives on airway management in acutely burned patients

surement. Anesthesiology 2013; 118: 1298–306. 10. Kheterpal S, Gupta R, Blum JM, Tremper KK, OReilly M, Kazanjian PE. Electronic reminders improve procedure documentation compliance and professional fee reimbursement. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2007; 104: 592–7. 11. Wax DB, Beilin Y, Levin M, Chadha N, Krol M, Reich DL. The effect of an interactive visual reminder in an anesthesia information management system on timeliness of prophylactic antibiotic administration. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2007; 104: 1462–6. 12. Sessler DI, Devereaux PJ. Emerging trends in clinical trial design. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2013; 116: 258–61. 13. Sessler DI, Sigl JC, Kelley SD, et al. Hospital stay and mortality are increased in patients having a Triple Low of low blood pressure, low bispectral index, and low minimum alveolar concentration of volatile anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2012; 116: 1195–203. 14. Kopyeva T, Sessler DI, Weiss S, et al. Effects of volatile anesthetic choice on hospital length-of-stay: a retrospective study and a prospective trial. Anesthesiology 2013; 119: 61–70.
Atrazine induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease, lean phenotype and sperm epimutation pathology biomarkers

Ancestral environmental exposures to a variety of environmental toxicants and other factors have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult onset disease. The current study examined the potential transgenerational actions of the herbicide atrazine. Atrazine is one of the most commonly used herbicides in the agricultural industry, in particular with corn and soy crops. Outbred gestating female rats were transiently exposed to a vehicle control or atrazine. The F1 generation offspring were bred to generate the F2 generation and then the F2 generation bred to generate the F3 generation. The F1, F2 and F3 generation control and atrazine lineage rats were aged and various pathologies investigated. The male sperm were collected to investigate DNA methylation differences between the control and atrazine lineage sperm. The F1 generation offspring (directly exposed as a fetus) did not develop disease, but weighed less compared to controls. The F2 generation (grand-offspring) was found to have increased frequency of testis disease and mammary tumors in males and females, early onset puberty in males, and decreased body weight in females compared to controls. The transgenerational F3 generation rats were found to have increased frequency of testis disease, early onset puberty in females, behavioral alterations (motor hyperactivity) and a lean phenotype in males and females. The frequency of multiple diseases was significantly higher in the transgenerational F3 generation atrazine lineage males and females. The transgenerational transmission of disease requires germline (egg or sperm) epigenetic alterations. The sperm differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs), termed epimutations, induced by atrazine were identified in the F1, F2 and F3 generations. Gene associations with the DMRs were identified. For the transgenerational F3 generation sperm, unique sets of DMRs (epimutations) were found to be associated with the lean phenotype or testis disease. These DMRs provide potential biomarkers for transgenerational disease. The etiology of disease appears to be in part due to environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance, and epigenetic biomarkers may facilitate the diagnosis of the ancestral exposure and disease susceptibility. Observations indicate that although atrazine does not promote disease in the directly exposed F1 generation, it does have the capacity to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease.
Implementing LWM2M in constrained IoT devices

LWM2M is an emerging Open Mobile Alliance standard that defines a fast deployable client-server specification to provide various machine to machine services. It provides both efficient device management as well as security workflow for Internet of Things applications, making it especially suitable for use in constrained networks. However, most of the ongoing research activities on this topic focus on the server domain of LWM2M. Enabling relevant LWM2M functionalities on the client side is not only critical and important but challenging as well since these end-nodes are invariably resource constrained. In this paper, we address those issues by proposing the client-side architecture for LWM2M and its complete implementation framework carried out over Contiki-based IoT nodes. We also present a lightweight IoT protocol stack that incorporates the proposed LWM2M client engine architecture and its interfaces. Our implementation is based on the recently released OMA LWM2M v1.0 specification, and supports OMA, IPSO as well as third party objects. We employ a real world application scenario to validate its usability and effectiveness. The results obtained indicate that the memory footprint overheads incurred due to the introduction of LWM2M into the client side IoT protocol stack are around 6-9%, thus making this implementation framework very appealing to even Class 1 constrained device types.
Doctor role modelling in medical education: BEME Guide No. 27

Aim: The aim of this review is to summarise the evidence currently available on role modelling by doctors in medical education. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted (PubMed, Psyc- Info, Embase, Education Research Complete, Web of Knowledge, ERIC and British Education Index) from January 1990 to February 2012. Data extraction was completed by two independent reviewers and included a quality assessment of each paper. A thematic analysis was conducted on all the included papers. Results: Thirty-nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the review. Six main themes emerged from the content of high and medium quality papers: 1) the attributes of positive doctor role models; 2) the personality profiles of positive role models; 3) the influence of positive role models on students’ career choice; 4) the process of positive role modelling; 5) the influence of negative role modelling; 6) the influence of culture, diversity and gender in the choice of role model. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights role modelling as an important process for the professional development of learners. Excellence in role modelling involves demonstration of high standards of clinical competence, excellence in clinical teaching skills and humanistic personal qualities. Positive role models not only help to shape the professional development of our future physicians, they also influence their career choices. This review has highlighted two main challenges in doctor role modelling: the first challenge lies in our lack of understanding of the complex phenomenon of role modelling. Second, the literature draws attention to negative role modelling and this negative influence requires deeper exploration to identify ways to mitigate adverse effects. This BEME review offers a preliminary guide to future discovery and progress in the area of doctor role modelling.
Maxent-Stress Optimization of 3D Biomolecular Models

Knowing a biomolecule's structure is inherently linked to and a prerequisite for any detailed understanding of its function. Significant effort has gone into developing technologies for structural characterization. These technologies do not directly provide 3D structures; instead they typically yield noisy and erroneous distance information between specific entities such as atoms or residues, which have to be translated into consistent 3D models. Here we present an approach for this translation process based on maxent-stress optimization. Our new approach extends the original graph drawing method for the new application's specifics by introducing additional constraints and confidence values as well as algorithmic components. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach infers structural models (i. e., sensible 3D coordinates for the molecule's atoms) that correspond well to the distance information, can handle noisy and error-prone data, and is considerably faster than established tools. Our results promise to allow domain scientists nearly-interactive structural modeling based on distance constraints.
Similar effects of carbachol and dopamine on neurons in the distal retina of the tiger salamander

Abstract Though there is considerable evidence that dopamine is an important retinal neuromodulator that mediates many of the changes in the properties of retinal neurons that are normally seen during light adaptation, the mechanism by which dopamine release is controlled remains poorly understood. In this paper, we present evidence which indicates that dopamine release in the retina of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, is driven excitatorily by a cholinergic input. We compared the effects of applying carbachol to those of dopamine application on the responses of rods, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells recorded intracellularly from the isolated, perfused retina of the tiger salamander. Micromolar concentrations of dopamine reduced the amplitudes of rod responses throughout the rods' operating range. The ratio of amplitudes of the cone-driven to rod-driven components of the responses of both horizontal and bipolar cells was increased by activation of both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. Dopamine acted to uncouple horizontal cells and also off-center bipolar cells, the mechanism in the case of horizontal cells depending only upon activation of D1 receptors. Carbachol, a specific cholinomimetic, applied in five- to ten-fold higher concentrations, produced effects that were essentially identical to those of dopamine. These effects of carbachol were blocked by application of specific dopamine blockers, however, indicating that they are mediated secondarily by dopamine. We propose that the dopamine-releasing amacrine cells in the salamander are under the control of cells, probably amacrine cells, which secrete acetylcholine as their transmitter.
Brain Graph Topology Changes Associated with Anti-Epileptic Drug Use

Neuroimaging studies of functional connectivity using graph theory have furthered our understanding of the network structure in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Brain network effects of anti-epileptic drugs could influence such studies, but have not been systematically studied. Resting-state functional MRI was analyzed in 25 patients with TLE using graph theory analysis. Patients were divided into two groups based on anti-epileptic medication use: those taking carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine (CBZ/OXC) (n=9) and those not taking CBZ/OXC (n=16) as a part of their medication regimen. The following graph topology metrics were analyzed: global efficiency, betweenness centrality (BC), clustering coefficient, and small-world index. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association of CBZ/OXC with graph topology. The two groups did not differ from each other based on epilepsy characteristics. Use of CBZ/OXC was associated with a lower BC. Longer epilepsy duration was also associated with a lower BC. These findings can inform graph theory-based studies in patients with TLE. The changes observed are discussed in relation to the anti-epileptic mechanism of action and adverse effects of CBZ/OXC.
White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Browsing Preferences and Spatial Patterns in a Kansas Flint Hills Riparian Woodland

In many eastern North American forests white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations are large and their browsing reduces tree regeneration and alters sapling species composition. In comparison to forested communities further east, deer effects in Great Plains riparian woodlands are poorly understood. These woodlands may experience greater browsing pressure than regional deer densities suggest because deer are associated with wooded habitats in this otherwise open landscape. To explore potential effects of deer in these riparian woodlands, we quantified deer preference among tree species and spatial patterns in browsing in the Kings Creek riparian zone at Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research Site. Our objectives were to determine how 1) browsing intensity differs among tree species and 2) browsing intensity varies in relation to a woodland edge – center gradient, an upstream – downstream gradient and proximity to deer trails. In June 2016, we quantified the proportion of twigs with new growth that had been browsed on saplings 15 -150 cm tall in 10 m2 plots along pairs of transects that extended from the stream to the woodland edge. Transect pairs were arranged in a downstream progression. We found significant differences among tree species in proportion of twigs browsed with bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis), black walnut (Juglans nigra) and burr oak (Quercus macrocarpa) being most browsed. Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) and honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) were least browsed. Xerophytic tree species (oaks, hickories) were browsed more than mesophytic species (all other species). Browse intensity was greatest within 3 m of deer trails and increased downstream, but was unaffected by proximity to woodland edges. Strong differences among tree species in browse intensity suggest the potential for deer to affect tree species composition, possibly accelerating mesophication. Even in these wooded habitats, deer browsing is concentrated near deer trails.
Proteolysis in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer

Persistent infections with the human pathogen and class-I carcinogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are closely associated with the development of acute and chronic gastritis, ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) system. Disruption and depolarization of the epithelium is a hallmark of H. pylori-associated disorders and requires extensive modulation of epithelial cell surface structures. Hence, the complex network of controlled proteolysis which facilitates tissue homeostasis in healthy individuals is deregulated and crucially contributes to the induction and progression of gastric cancer through processing of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, cell surface receptors, membrane-bound cytokines, and lateral adhesion molecules. Here, we summarize the recent reports on mechanisms how H. pylori utilizes a variety of extracellular proteases, involving the proteases Hp0169 and high temperature requirement A (HtrA) of bacterial origin, and host matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). H. pylori-regulated proteases represent predictive biomarkers and attractive targets for therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer.
Is excisional biopsy required after a breast core biopsy yields lobular neoplasia?

OBJECTIVE The management of lobular neoplasia (LN) on percutaneous core breast biopsies remains controversial. Published upgrade rates after surgical excision vary widely. This study aims to determine the frequency of malignancy following excision in patients with LN found on core biopsy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Our study identified patients from December 2005 through December 2010 with LN as the highest-risk lesion on core biopsy. Patients with flat epithelial atypia on core biopsy were not excluded. Per institutional policy, excision was routinely recommended. An upgrade from the core biopsy of LN was defined as excisional biopsy pathology that revealed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), or invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). RESULTS Between December 2005 and December 2010, 4472 percutaneous breast biopsies were performed, with 71 patients (1.5%) having LN as the highest-risk lesion on core biopsy. Sixty-seven patients (94%) underwent excision. The upgrade rate on excisional biopsy was 16% (11/67 patients), with the type of malignancy on excisional biopsy pathology as follows: DCIS, 36% (4/11); IDC, 18% (2/11); and ILC, 45% (5/11). All patients with pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ on core biopsy who proceeded to excision were upgraded to malignancy. After excluding patients with discordant results, patients with pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ, and patients with flat epithelial atypia on core biopsy, the upgrade rate of pure LN on excisional biopsy was 9%. CONCLUSION LN on core biopsy warrants excisional biopsy given the upgrade rate to malignancy.
Effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, serum cholesterol concentrations, and uterine endometrium in postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND Long-term estrogen therapy can reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture and cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. At present, however, these beneficial effects are not separable from undesirable stimulation of breast and endometrial tissues. METHODS We studied the effect of raloxifene, a nonsteroidal benzothiophene, on bone mineral density, serum lipid concentrations, and endometrial thickness in 601 postmenopausal women. The women were randomly assigned to receive 30, 60, or 150 mg of raloxifene or placebo daily for 24 months. RESULTS The women receiving each dose of raloxifene had significant increases from base-line values in bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, hip, and total body, whereas those receiving placebo had decreases in bone mineral density. For example, at 24 months, the mean (+/-SE) difference in the change in bone mineral density between the women receiving 60 mg of raloxifene per day and those receiving placebo was 2.4+/-0.4 percent for the lumbar spine, 2.4+/-0.4 percent for the total hip, and 2.0+/-0.4 percent for the total body (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Serum concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in all the raloxifene groups, whereas serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides did not change. Endometrial thickness was similar in the raloxifene and placebo groups at all times during the study. The proportion of women receiving raloxifene who reported hot flashes or vaginal bleeding was not different from that of the women receiving placebo. CONCLUSIONS Daily therapy with raloxifene increases bone mineral density, lowers serum concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and does not stimulate the endometrium.
Precession of inclined rings

Differential precession due to the planet's quadrupole moment tends to destroy the alignment of particles in inclined rings. We propose that alignment is maintained by the self-gravity of the ring. This hypothesis predicts that δi/δɑ>0 across the ring. If δi/i0<(1, δe/e_0 <(1, ɑδi/δɑ<(1, and ɑδe/δɑ< 1, a further prediction is that δi/i_0 = δe/e_0. The ɑ and β rings of Uranus may be used to test these predictions.
Staff costs are to blame for NHS deficits, say MPs

Doctors, pharmacists, and patients' groups in the Netherlands are demanding government action on drug safety after a national study has concluded that drug related problems were responsible for twice as many hospital admissions as road traffic crashes. The hospital admissions related to medication (HARM) study found that 41 000 hospital admissions a year in the Netherlands were caused either by the incorrect use of or adverse reactions to drugs (www.nvza.nl). These admissions accounted for 5.6% of acute admissions and were twice as likely to involve patients older than 65 years. Almost half—19 000 …
Observational trees as models for concurrency

Given an automaton, its behaviour can be modelled as the sets of strings over an alphabet A that can be accepted from any of its states. When considering concurrent systems, we can see a concurrent agent as an automaton, where non-determinism derives from the fact that its states can offer a different behaviour at different moments in time. Non-deterministic computations between a pair of states can then no longer be described as a ‘set’ of strings in a free monoid. Consequently, between two states we will have a labelled structured set of computations, where the structure describes the possibility of two computations parting from each other while maintaining the same observable steps. In this paper, we shall consider different kinds of observation domains and related structured sets of computations. Structured sets of computations will be organised as a category of generalised trees built over a meet-semilattice monoid formalizing the observation domain. Theorems allowing us to introduce the usual concurrency operators in the models and relating different models will then be obtained by first considering ordinary functors (on and between the observation domains), and then lifting them to the categories of structured sets of computations.