Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of radiation and hepatitis virus infection on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

In cohort studies of atomic bomb survivors and Mayak nuclear facility workers, radiation‐associated increases in liver cancer risk were observed, but hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections were not taken strictly into account. We identified 359 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases between 1970 and 2002 in the cohort of atomic bomb survivors and estimated cumulative incidence of HCC by radiation dose. To investigate contributions of radiation exposure and hepatitis virus infection to HCC risk, we conducted a nested case‐control study using sera stored before HCC diagnosis in the longitudinal cohort of atomic bomb survivors. The study included 224 HCC cases and 644 controls that were matched to the cases on gender, age, city, and time and method of serum storage, and countermatched on radiation dose. The cumulative incidence of HCC by follow‐up time and age increased significantly with radiation dose. The relative risk (RR) of HCC for radiation at 1 Gy was 1.67 (95% confidence interval: 1.22‐2.35) with adjustment for alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), and smoking habit, whereas the RRs for HBV or HCV infection alone were 63 (20‐241) and 83 (36‐231) with such adjustment, respectively. Those estimates changed little when radiation and hepatitis virus infection were fit simultaneously. The RR of non‐B, non‐C HCC at 1 Gy was 1.90 (1.02‐3.92) without adjustment for alcohol consumption, BMI, or smoking habit and 2.74 (1.26‐7.04) with such adjustment. Conclusion: These results indicate that radiation exposure and HBV and HCV infection are associated independently with increased HCC risk. In particular, radiation exposure was a significant risk factor for non‐B, non‐C HCC with no apparent confounding by alcohol consumption, BMI, or smoking habit. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;53:‐)
Radiocarbon analyses of four perishable artifacts from Ghost and Pictograph caves, Montana

Abstract Pictograph and Ghost caves in Empty Gulch, Montana, yielded an extensive collection of perishable items during Works Progress Administration excavations in the late 1930s. Recent radiocarbon analyses of four perishable artifacts from both caves yielded Late Prehistoric period dates. The dated coiled basketry from Ghost Cave indicates either direct or intermediary trade with Northeastern Great Basin or Fremont groups or an ancient and widespread basketry tradition that is poorly documented on the Northwestern Plains. Perishable artifacts are rarely preserved in archaeological contexts on the Plains and broaden our understanding of Late Prehistoric period hunters and gatherers.
Further observations of the development of a strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Selective breedings of male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (OKAMOTO and AOKI) which showed persistent hypertension (blood pressure exceeding 150 mm.Hg) for over a month were repeated successively from F5 rats in the same manner as mentioned in the previous report and rats from F6 to Fg12> have been obtained up to the present time. Chronological observations were performed on the body weight and blood pressure of a total of 740 spontaneously hypertensive rats, as well as of 60 control rats of the Wistar strain. Both body weight and blood pressure (by tail-water plethysmographic method) were measured once a week from 5 weeks of age through 60 weeks and the following results were obtained. 1. The body weight of the spontaneously hypertensive rats showed no significant difference as compared with that of the controls. 2. The blood pressure of the control rats was almost stationary after 10 weeks of age and never exceeded 140 mm.Hg throughout 60 weeks either in males or females. The increase in blood pressure of the spontaneously hypertensive rats showed no difference among the seven generations examined. The average systolic blood pressure of the spontaneously hypertensive rats rose with age and was significantly higher than that of the controls of the same ages after 10 weeks of age among all rats except the F9 females, in which it was after 15 weeks. The levels of the average systolic blood pressure were about 190 mm.Hg in males and 180 mm.Hg in females at 30 weeks and after. 3. Some (6.7-10.0 per cent) of the control rats showed spontaneous hypertension with blood pressure levels not exceeding 160 mm. Hg after 15 weeks of age. In the spontaneously hypertensive rats development of spontaneous hypertension was observed even at 5 weeks of age and all animals had become hypertensive within 20 weeks. Severe hypertension with the blood pressure exceeding 200 mm.Hg began to be found at 10 weeks of age and its frequency averaged about 50 per cent in males and 30 per cent in females at 30 weeks of age. 4. The blood pressure of the male spontaneously hypertensive rats was about 12.2 mm.Hg above that of the females on the average. The males tended to develop into hypertension at a lower age than the females. 5. The coures of the blood pressure seemed to be fixed in the spontaneously hypertensive rats following F6, and several stages were distinguished in relation to the blood pressure as follows. Namely, the period up to 6-7 weeks of age was referred to as the "prehypertensive stage", from 7 to 20 weeks as the "transitional stage of hypertension", from 20 to 25 weeks as the "initial stage of hypertension" and after 25 weeks as the "advanced stage of hypertension". 6. The spontaneous hypertension of rats seems to have characteristics similar to human essential hypertension in certain aspects, but identification of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rats and human essential hypertension is a question for further study, and may be related to elucidation of the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
High bandwidth application with Wide I/O memory on 2.5D-IC silicon interposer

A potential technology by silicon interposer enables high bandwidth and low power application processing devices of the future, because the demand of smart mobile products are driving for higher logic-to-memory bandwidth (BW) over 30 GB/s with lower power consumption and ultra-memory capacity. This paper presents a 2.5D-IC structure with silicon interposer to demonstrate electrical performances including signal integrity (SI) and power integrity (PI) by using WideIO memory interface. Of course, the accuracy of TSV has demonstrated by measurement as well.
Estrogen Receptors in Bone An Evaluation of the Uptake of Estrogen into Bone Cells 1

Summary The uptake of 3H-estradiol-17β in bone cells was evaluated. Nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were prepared from pulverized bone. Incubations were done in 3H-estradiol-17β and 3H-estradiol-17β plus tenfold unlabeled estradiol. Protein-bound estrogen was measured in cytosol, and nuclear radioactivity was measured per mg DNA. There was no difference in the radioactive/radioactive and unlabeled uptake. Because of the absence of specific binding, it is concluded that bone is not an estrogen receptor tissue in the classical sense and that the hormone's effect on osseous metabolism must be explained in other ways.
Anomaly cancellation in the topological string

We describe the coupling of holomorphic Chern-Simons theory at large N with Kodaira-Spencer gravity. We explain a new anomaly cancellation mechanism at all loops in perturbation theory for open-closed topological B-model. At one loop this anomaly cancellation is analogous to the Green-Schwarz mechanism. As an application, we introduce a type I version of Kodaira-Spencer theory in complex dimensions 3 and 5. In complex dimension 5, we show that it can only be coupled consistently at the quantum level to holomorphic Chern-Simons theory with gauge group SO(32). This is analogous to the Green-Schwarz mechanism for the physical type I string. This coupled system is conjectured to be a supersymmetric localization of type I string theory. In complex dimension 3, the required gauge group is SO(8).
Automated shapeshifting for function recovery in damaged robots

A robot's mechanical parts routinely wear out from normal functioning and can be lost to injury. For autonomous robots operating in isolated or hostile environments, repair from a human operator is often not possible. Thus, much work has sought to automate damage recovery in robots. However, every case reported in the literature to date has accepted the damaged mechanical structure as fixed, and focused on learning new ways to control it. Here we show for the first time a robot that automatically recovers from unexpected damage by deforming its resting mechanical structure without changing its control policy. We found that, especially in the case of "deep insult", such as removal of all four of the robot's legs, the damaged machine evolves shape changes that not only recover the original level of function (locomotion) as before, but can in fact surpass the original level of performance (speed). This suggests that shape change, instead of control readaptation, may be a better method to recover function after damage in some cases.
Using Orthophoto for Building Boundary Sharpening in the Digital Surface Model

Nowadays dense stereo matching has become one of the dominant tools in 3D reconstruction of urban regions for its low cost and high flexibility in generating dense 3D points. However, state-of-the-art stereo matching algorithms usually apply a semi-global matching (SGM) strategy. This strategy normally assumes the surface geometry pieceswise planar, where a smooth penalty is imposed to deal with non-texture or repeating-texture areas. This on one hand, generates much smooth surface models, while on the other hand, may partially leads to smoothing on depth discontinuities, particularly for fence-shaped regions or densely built areas with narrow streets. To solve this problem, in this work, we propose to use the line segment information extracted from the corresponding orthophoto as a pose-processing tool to sharpen the building boundary of the Digital Surface Model (DSM) generated by SGM. Two methods which are based on graph-cut and plane fitting are proposed and compared. Experimental results on several satellite datasets with ground truth show the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed DSM sharpening method.
Practical Robot Learning from Demonstrations using Deep End-to-End Training

Robots need to learn behaviors in intuitive and practical ways for widespread deployment in human environments. To learn a robot behavior end-to-end, we train a variant of the ResNet that maps eye-in-hand camera images to end-effector velocities. In our setup, a human teacher demonstrates the task via joystick. We show that a simple servoing task can be learned in less than an hour including data collection, model training and deployment time. Moreover, 16 minutes of demonstrations were enough for the robot to learn the task.
Toward Controlling Discrimination in Online Ad Auctions

Online advertising platforms are thriving due to the customizable audiences they offer advertisers. However, recent studies show that advertisements can be discriminatory with respect to the gender or race of the audience that sees the ad, and may inadvertently cross ethical and/or legal boundaries. To prevent this, we propose a constrained ad auction framework that maximizes the platform's revenue conditioned on ensuring that the audience seeing an advertiser's ad is distributed appropriately across sensitive types such as gender or race. Building upon Myerson's classic work, we first present an optimal auction mechanism for a large class of fairness constraints. Finding the parameters of this optimal auction, however, turns out to be a non-convex problem. We show that this non-convex problem can be reformulated as a more structured non-convex problem with no saddle points or local-maxima; this allows us to develop a gradient-descent-based algorithm to solve it. Our empirical results on the A1 Yahoo! dataset demonstrate that our algorithm can obtain uniform coverage across different user types for each advertiser at a minor loss to the revenue of the platform, and a small change to the size of the audience each advertiser reaches.
Reductions for Automated Hypersafety Verification

We propose an automated verification technique for hypersafety properties, which express sets of valid interrelations between multiple finite runs of a program. The key observation is that constructing a proof for a small representative set of the runs of the product program (i.e. the product of the several copies of the program by itself), called a reduction, is sufficient to formally prove the hypersafety property about the program. We propose an algorithm based on a counterexample-guided refinement loop that simultaneously searches for a reduction and a proof of the correctness for the reduction. We demonstrate that our tool Weaver is very effective in verifying a diverse array of hypersafety properties for a diverse class of input programs.
Strategyproof and Approximately Maxmin Fair Share Allocation of Chores

We initiate the work on fair and strategyproof allocation of indivisible chores. The fairness concept we consider in this paper is maxmin share (MMS) fairness. We consider three previously studied models of information elicited from the agents: the ordinal model, the cardinal model, and the public ranking model in which the ordinal preferences are publicly known. We present both positive and negative results on the level of MMS approximation that can be guaranteed if we require the algorithm to be strategyproof. Our results uncover some interesting contrasts between the approximation ratios achieved for chores versus goods.
Cooperative Automated Vehicles: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges in Socially Intelligent Vehicles Beyond Networking

The connected automated vehicle has been often touted as a technology that will become pervasive in society in the near future. One can view an automated vehicle as having Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities, being able to self-drive, sense its surroundings, recognise objects in its vicinity, and perform reasoning and decision-making. Rather than being stand alone, we examine the need for automated vehicles to cooperate and interact within their socio-cyber-physical environments, including the problems cooperation will solve, but also the issues and challenges. We review current work in cooperation for automated vehicles, based on selected examples from the literature. We conclude noting the need for the ability to behave cooperatively as a form of social-AI capability for automated vehicles, beyond sensing the immediate environment and beyond the underlying networking technology.
Time-Smoothed Gradients for Online Forecasting

Here, we study different update rules in stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for online forecasting problems. The selection of the learning rate parameter is critical in SGD. However, it may not be feasible to tune this parameter in online learning. Therefore, it is necessary to have an update rule that is not sensitive to the selection of the learning parameter. Inspired by the local regret metric that we introduced previously, we propose to use time-smoothed gradients within SGD update. Using the public data set-- GEFCom2014, we validate that our approach yields more stable results than the other existing approaches. Furthermore, we show that such a simple approach is computationally efficient compared to the alternatives.
The occurrence of pyruvic acid and methylglyoxal in muscle metabolism.

THAT the metabolic changes which occur in muscle are of profound complexity is evident. This work was undertaken with the object of studying some of the intermediary mechanisms of muscle carbohydrate metabolism by means of the use of reagents which would remove from the system some product which is only transitorily formed normally. The method is essentially the same as that employed by Neuberg in his study of the mechanisms involved in alcoholic fermentation. The fixative of which we have availed ourselves, namely sodium sulphite, is the same as that used by Neuberg in what constitutes his second form of fermentation, in which acetaldehyde is "fixed" as the bisulphite compound. It is well known that substances of an aldehydic or ketonic nature possess the property of forming addition compounds with sodium bisulphite. The conditions that determine the stability or otherwise of these compounds to further metabolic change have not, however, been worked out. In the conditions under which we have worked, pyruvic acid and methylglyoxal will form with bisulphite compounds that are relatively stable in this regard. Neuberg and Reinfurth [1920] have shown that in the case of yeast the pyruvate-bisulphite complex is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde. Cook [1930] has confirmed this observation for yeast but has noted that B. coli communis, for example, is unable to bring about this decarboxylation. It was also noted that if oxidations of various substrates were carried out in the presence of sulphite, the sulphite served as a very effective fixative for any pyruvic acid that was formed. The method of sulphite fixation also furnishes evidence as to the occurrence of other aldehydic or ketonic compounds during the course of metabolism. It may be, and often is, urged that the fixation method is liable to give a false impression of the chemical events taking place in that it tends to endow subsidiary reactions with a spurious prominence. It will be shown, however, that as regards the carbohydrate metabolism of muscle it is possible, if sufficient care be taken, to identify pyruvic acid in normal muscle in the absence of any fixatives, and in amounts commensurate with those found when a fixative is
MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF PLACENTA IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT HYPOSPADIAS

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Bindhu.S, Department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India575018. E-Mail: nairbindhu@yahoo.com Introduction: Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomaly of male external genitalia. It occurs in approximately 1 in 250 new born. Hypospadias can be defined as an abnormal urethral orifice under surface of the penis with or without chordee and with or without dorsal hood. Hypospadias may be an isolated defect or a phenotypical component of a more complex condition such as an intersex state. Aim: This study aimed to observe and document morphological and histopathological changes of placenta in children with hypospadias and compare with controls. Materials and Methods: The present study was a case control study and the data base of the labor registries of the hospital indicated that there were total 3243 male births during this period. All examined for presence / absence of hypospadias by attending pediatrician. Hypospadias was detected in 17 male newborns. Control cases comprised of 68 male newborns without hypospadias of similar gestational age and birth weight collected by cluster sampling. The placenta was collected and examined for placental weight, thickness, and histopathology. Results and Conclusion: Total number of male birth during the study period was 3243, in that17 children born with hypospadias. The incidence of hypospadias in our hospital was 0.52%, Histopathological study revealed excessive syncytial knots formation, infarction, calcification, thickening of basement membrane, stromal fibrosis, villous oedema, and hemorrhage. But the values were similar in children with hypospadias when compared with controls. Conclusion: This study shows placental insufficiency is not associated with hypospadias.
Optical architectures for programmable filtering and correlation of microwave signals

New optoelectronic architectures are presented, based on parallel delay lines, performing programmable filtering of microwave signals. According to current performances of optoelectronic components, they can process optically carried microwave signals over frequency bandwidths as large as 20 GHz, with a time-frequency product up to 10/sup 3/. The operating principle of these structures is detailed and followed by the preliminary experimental demonstration at 1.3 GHz of a 53-dB rejection filter.
Fuzzy logic approach for a locomotion interface control

The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of a new method for controlling the motors of a treadmill - based locomotion interface for navigation in Virtual Environments (VEs). Locomotion interfaces help users to travel in virtual worlds in a natural manner, providing a better sense of immersion than traditional interfaces. A Fuzzy Logic (FL) control was used in order to control the interface and the simulation are made in Matlab. Two types of control were designed, for the two motors of the device. The user's feet are tracked with an optical system in order to get their positions, which will be inputs for the control module.
Adrenergic receptors in the heart.

Introduction Catecholamines, acting through alphaand beta-adrenergic receptors, modulate a variety of physiological responses in the heart. Most impor­ tantly catecholamines increase the rate and force of cardiac contraction. These actions occur mainly as a consequence of the binding of the endoge­ nous substances norepinephrine and epinephrine to specific adrenergic receptors on the plasma membrane of cells in the heart. Whereas the effects of sympathetic nervous stimulation on the heart have been examined for many years (reviewed in 57), oIlly recently has it become possible to mea­ sure directly the properties of the receptors for catecholamines in the heart. Here we discuss a few selected areas of active research where radioligand binding techinques have been applied to the study of adrenergic receptors in the heart.
Convergence and Dynamical Behavior of the ADAM Algorithm for Nonconvex Stochastic Optimization

Adam is a popular variant of the stochastic gradient descent for finding a local minimizer of a function. The objective function is unknown but a random estimate of the current gradient vector is observed at each round of the algorithm. Assuming that the objective function is differentiable and non-convex, we establish the convergence in the long run of the iterates to a stationary point. The key ingredient is the introduction of a continuous-time version of Adam, under the form of a non-autonomous ordinary differential equation. The existence and the uniqueness of the solution are established, as well as the convergence of the solution towards the stationary points of the objective function. The continuous-time system is a relevant approximation of the Adam iterates, in the sense that the interpolated Adam process converges weakly to the solution to the ODE.
Revisiting Shor's quantum algorithm for computing general discrete logarithms

We heuristically demonstrate that Shor's algorithm for computing general discrete logarithms, modified to allow the semi-classical Fourier transform to be used with control qubit recycling, achieves a success probability of approximately 60% to 70% in a single run. By slightly increasing the number of group operations that are evaluated quantumly, and by performing a limited search in the classical post-processing, we furthermore show how the algorithm can be modified to achieve a success probability over 99% in a single run. We provide concrete heuristic estimates of the success probability of the modified algorithm, as a function of the group order, the size of the search space in the classical post-processing, and the additional number of group operations evaluated quantumly. In analogy with our earlier works, we show how the modified quantum algorithm may be simulated classically when the logarithm and group order are both known.