Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Based Spatial Mapping of Major Ion Chemistry of Groundwater of Ingaldhal and Surrounding Areas , Chitradurga District , Karnataka State

In the absence of freshwater surface resources, the only alternative to quench the thirst of the human beings is groundwater. The quality criteria, set for drinking purpose, by various agencies are grossly neglected, due to paucity of groundwater owing to indiscriminate exploitation. An attempt is made here to evaluate the quality of groundwater of a socio-economically backward region located in and around the Ingaldhal copper mine area, Chitradurga District, Karnataka, for drinking purpose. Groundwater samples (n=12) collected from 7 villages, were analysed to assess their physico-chemical characteristics. TDS values range from 594-1913 mg/L, pH from 7.61-8.34 and TH from 410-1400 mg/L. Cation concentration ranges are 59-150 mg/L, 49-250 mg/L, 38-290 mg/L and 6-58 mg/L for Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ respectively. Anion concentration ranges are 417-574 mg/L, 68-286 mg/L, 63-623 mg/L, 14-162 mg/L, 0-29 mg/L and 0.451-1.43 for HCO3, SO4, Cl-, NO3, CO3 and Frespectively. The results reveal that the average abundance of the major cations and anions is in the order of Mg2+ > Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ and HCO3 > Cl> SO4 > NO3 > CO3 > Frespectively. The identified types of hydrochemical facies of the groundwater are CaMgHCO3 type (n=3), CaMgSO4 type (n=3) and mixed type (n=6). The values of the major ion concentrations of the majority of the groundwater samples fall well above the recommended standard limit for drinking purpose. 2016 pp. 177-182 Vol. 15 ISSN: 0972-6268 No. 1 Nature Environment and Pollution Technology An International Quarterly Scientific Journal Original Research Paper Nat. Env. & Poll. Tech. Website: www.neptjournal. com Received: 12-02-2015 Accepted: 15-03-2015
Compatibility of zeta potential and surface ension experiments

A simple Structure Making/Structure Breaking (SM/SB) Modified Poisson Boltzmann approach is used to describe the distribution of ions in the vicinity of an air/water interface, which is assumed to be a layer possessing a thickness of a few Å. The interface is assumed to be depleted of SM ions, and the adsorption of SB ions on the interface is taken into account via Langmuir adsorption equations. Outside the interface, the ions are assumed to obey a modified Poisson–Boltzmann distribution, which includes the screened image forces. The adsorption constants of SB ions, determined by fitting the existing zeta potential data, are further used to determine the surface excesses of salt ions and the dependence of the surface tension on added salt. The number of sites available for the adsorption of OH− and H+ ions, considered the water molecules of the interface, is (by more than two orders of magnitude) smaller than the available sites in an ice-like layer. This result suggests a (much) lower density of water at the hydrophobic air/water interface than in the bulk. The model can qualitatively explain the dependence of the surface tension upon addition of salt determined experimentally: a large decrease at low concentrations, due to the formation of a double layer, a large increase at intermediate concentrations, where the screened image forces (being less screened than the double layer forces) dominate, and a slower increase at large concentrations, where both double layer and image forces are screened and the ion hydration forces dominate. However, for large surface potentials, the accumulation of ions in the double layer (either as adsorbed on the interface or in the ion clouds in the vicinity of the interface) leads to large surface excesses of ions and consequently to a surface tension that decreases upon addition of salt up to large concentrations, in contrast to experiment. According to the present model, only the zeta potentials experiments that predict low surface potentials and small adsorption of salt anions on the surface are compatible with the surface tension experiments.
A tunable high-pass filter for simple and inexpensive size-segregation of sub-10-nm nanoparticles

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Mannheimiosis bovina : etiología , prevención y control Bovine mannheimiosis : etiology , prevention and control

Recibido el 28 de julio de 2008 y aceptado el 9 de enero de 2009. *Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, D.F. **Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, D.F. ***Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, D.F. Correspondencia: Carlos Julio Jaramillo-Arango, correo electrónico: cjja@servidor.unam. mx Abstract
MAGNETIC STIMULATION OF HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX: SURFACE EMG AND SINGLE MOTOR UNIT RESPONSES

1. The effects of different forms of brain stimulation on the discharge pattern of single motor units were examined using the post-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) technique and by recording the compound surface clectromyographic (EMG) responses in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. Electrical and magnetic methods were used to stimulate the brain through the intact scalp of seven normal subjects. Electrical stimuli were applied either with the anode over the lateral central scalp and the cathode at the vertex (anodal stimulation) or with the anode at the vertex and the cathode lateral (cathodal stimnulation). Magnetic stiinulation used a 9 cm diameter coil centred at the vertex; current in the coil flowed either clockwise or anticlockwise when viewed from above. 2. Supramotor threshold stimuli produced one or more narrow (< 2 ms) peaks of increased firing in the PSTH of all thirty-two units studied. Anodal stimulation always produced an early peak. The latencies of the peaks produced by other forms of stimulation, or by high intensities of anodal stimulation, were grouped into four time bands relative to this early peak, at intervals of -0 5 to 0U5, 1-2, 2-5-3-5 and 4-5-5 ms later. Peaks occurring within these intervals are referred to as P0 (the earliest an6dal), P1, P2 and P3 respectively. 3. At threshold, anodal stimulation evoked only the P0 peak; at higher intensities, the P2 or more commonly the P3 peak also was recruited. The size of the P0 peak appeared to saturate at high intensities. 4. In five of six subjects, cathodal stimulation behaved like anodal stimulation, except that there was a lower threshold for recruitment of the P2 or P3 peak relative to that of the P0 peak. In the other subject, the P3 peak was recruited before the PO peak. 5. Clockwise magnetic stimulation, at threshold, often produced several peaks. These always included a PI peak, and usually a P3 peak. A P0 peak in the PSTH was never produced by a clockwise stimulation at intensities which we could explore with the technique. 6. Anticlockwise magnetic stimulation never recruited a P1 peak; in most subjects a P3 peak was recruited first and at higher intensities was accompanied by P0 or P2 peaks.
New production in the central equatorial Pacific

Uptake rates of nitrogen (' 'NO3 and "NH,') and primary productivity were measured along a transect across the equatorial Pacific region at ca 13.5' W from 15" S to 15' N, in April 1988. Latitudinally, higher rates of total and new production (i.e. the production resulting from NO3uptake) were observed near the equator coinciding with higher concentrations of chl a and NO, Despite significant variation in NO3concentrat~on, variability of phytoplankton biomass and production was low along the transect. Vertically, NO3uptake rates tended to increase with depth in the euphotic zone following the increase in NO3concentration. Between 6 ' s and 4" N, where NO3was abundant, the average euphotic zone integrated f-ratio (NO3uptake X 6.6/primary productivity) was 0.39. North and south of this region, where NO3was low or undetectable, a lower mean f-ratio was found (0.22 and 0.09, respectively). Despite NO3abundance at the equator, regenerated N was the major source of inorganic N used by phytoplankton. Low utilization of available NO< was likely the consequence of grazing effects. A high grazing pressure in the equatorial Pacific region would reduce the absolute N consumption by reducing phytoplankton bion~ass, and also would increase the availability of regenerated N (i.e. NH,+). Since NH,' is generally the preferred form of N used by phytoplankton, its availability may be an important regulator of new production in this nitrate-rich environment.
Functional inhibition of NF-kappa B signal transduction in alpha v alpha beta 3 integrin expressing endothelial cells by using RGD-PEG-modified adenovirus with a mutant I kappa B

In order to selectively block nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)dependent signal transduction in angiogenic endothelial cells, we constructed an αvβ3 integrin specific adenovirus encoding dominant negative IκB (dnIκB) as a therapeutic gene. By virtue of RGD modification of the PEGylated virus, the specificity of the cell entry pathway of adenovirus shifted from coxsackiadenovirus receptor dependent to αvβ3 integrin dependent entry. The therapeutic outcome of delivery of the transgene into endothelial cells was determined by analysis of cellular responsiveness to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Using real time reverse transcription PCR, mRNA levels of the cell adhesion molecules E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, the cytokines/growth factors IL-6, IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-2 were assessed. Furthermore, levels of ICAM-1 protein were determined by flow cytometric analysis. RGD-targeted adenovirus delivered the dnIκB via αvβ3 to become functionally expressed, leading to complete abolishment of TNF-α-induced up-regulation of E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, IL-8, VEGFA and Tie-2. The approach of targeted delivery of dnIκB into endothelial cells presented here can be employed for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease where activation of NF-κB activity should be locally restored to basal levels in the endothelium. Introduction Microvascular endothelial cells are active participants in a variety of diseases, including cancer [1] and chronic inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis [2]. In inflammatory reactions, endothelial cells facilitate transmigration of leukocytes by expression of cell adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), as well as production of cytokines and chemokines [3]. Inflammatory mediators can also, either directly or indirectly, promote angiogenesis. Moreover, several observations suggest that angiogenesis and inflammation proceed in a co-ordinated fashion and sustain one another during chronic inflammatory diseases and in cancer growth [4]. Thus, their active roles in the pathophysiology of disease, together with their easy accessibility in the blood, makes endothelial cells attractive target cells for therapy. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/Rel transcription factors represent a ubiquitously expressed protein family that modulates the expression of genes involved in diverse cellular functions, such
INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND MICROHARDNESS IN BALL BURNISHING PROCESS OF AZ 31 B MAGNESIUM ALLOY

Magnesium alloys which are lightweight and high strength materials have some limitations due to their insufficient corrosion resistance and low surface quality. To overcome these limitations, especially improving surface properties ball burnishing process was applied to magnesium alloy with different parameters like force, number of passes, feed rate and speed. For reducing number of experiments Taguchi method was used and optimum burnishing condition was determined according to S/N ratios. The results of surface roughness and hardness tests show that feed rate and force was found significant parameters for improving surface quality. When lower feed rate and higher force parameters was choosen best surface roughness value was obtained.
T A Case Study : Development of Auto-configuration Server

In this study, we are discussing our experiences and challenges we faced during the development of an Autoconfiguration Server (ACS) for TR-069 protocol. During the development we studied many open-source products regarding ACS. We learned and analyzed them and used some of code in our project. During study we found that those products are not developed maturely and also not properly documented, so we need to go through the project by understanding the source code to find out the product architecture and process flow. This paper also discusses how we faced those challenges and solve the by using different software engineering techniques. We studied architecture of one the best product among the list and how we change it into real time product for industry. We are sharing those experiences that are helpful and provide some guidance for others who are planning to develop such kind of system.
THE RELEVANCE OF EARLY EDUCATC:tS' IDEAS FOR MODERN TEACHER EDUCATORS

This paper explores the ideas of six adult educators from the 1920s to determine the relevance of their thinking to modern adult educators. Three were chose from Britain: Albert Mansbridge, Basil Yeaxlee, and Richard Tawney. From the United States, three influential theorists in the area were Edward Thorndike, John Dewey, and Eduard Lindeman. During the period in which they produced their most visionary work, Britain found itself in a time of major economic decline while the United States was experiencing prosperity with credit, consumption, and production escalating. In educational terms, it was a period when theorists, who were well ahead of their time, realized that education was not restricted to children. Several of these "greats" in adult education recognized the social implications of encouraging the development of adults through further education. Each of them addressed the problem of adult education and individually and collectively produced many insights. Most of the ideas of these theorists are as relevant today as they were when they were first written and bear evidence of the pervasiveness of good theory and practice regardless of the period. For adult educators of the 1990s, their ideas provide guidelines for effective practice. (Contains approximately 30 references.) (Author/LL) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** THE RELEVANCE OF EARLY EDUCATC:tS' IDEAS FOR MODERN TEACHER EDUCATORS Paper presented at the Australian Teacher Education Association's 24th Annual Conference Empowering the Professional: Politics, Policy and Practice Brisbane, July 3-6, 1994 Dr T.A. Simpson School of Curriculum and Professional Studies Faculty of Education Queensland University of Technology
An Algorithm for Finding a Relationship Between Entities: Semi-Automated Schema Integration Approach

Database schema integration is a very important issue in information systems. Since schema integration is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task, many studies have attempted to automate this task. In the meantime, the researchers used xml as the source schema and still left much of the work to be done through DBA intervention. For example, there are various naming conflicts related to relationship names in schema integration. In the past, the DBA had to intervene to resolve the naming conflict name. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm that automatically generates relationship names to resolve relationship names conflicts that occur during schema integration. This algorithm is based on Internet collocation dictionary and english sentence example dictionary. The relationship between the two entities is generated by analyzing examples extracted based on dictionary data through natural language processing. By building a semi-automated schema integration system and testing this algorithm, we found that it showed about 90% accuracy. Using this algorithm, we can resolve the problems related to naming conflicts that occur at schema integration automatically without DBA intervention.
Cross-sectional study of the relationships among bedding materials, bedding bacteria counts, and intramammary infection in late-lactation dairy cows.

Objectives of this study were to (1) describe the intramammary infection (IMI) prevalence and pathogen profiles in quarters of cows approaching dry-off in US dairy herds, (2) compare IMI prevalence in quarters of cows exposed to different bedding material types, and (3) identify associations between bedding bacteria count and IMI in cows approaching dry-off. Eighty herds using 1 of 4 common bedding materials (manure solids, organic non-manure, new sand, and recycled sand) were recruited in a multi-site cross-sectional study. Each herd was visited twice for sampling. At each visit, aseptic quarter-milk samples were collected from 20 cows approaching dry-off (>180 d pregnant). Samples of unused and used bedding were also collected. Aerobic culture was used to determine the IMI status of 10,448 quarters and to enumerate counts (log10 cfu/mL) of all bacteria, Staphylococcus spp. , Streptococcus spp. and Streptococcus-like organisms (SSLO), coliforms, Klebsiella spp. , noncoliform gram-negatives, Bacillus spp. , and Prototheca spp. in unused (n = 148) and used (n = 150) bedding. The association between bedding bacteria count and IMI was determined using multivariable logistic regression with mixed effects. Quarter-level prevalence of IMI was 21.1%, which was primarily caused by non-aureus Staphylococcus spp. (11.4%) and SSLO (5.6%). Only modest differences in IMI prevalence were observed between the 4 common bedding material types. Counts of all bacteria in unused bedding was positively associated with odds of IMI caused by any pathogen [ALL-IMI; odds ratio (OR) = 1.08]. A positive association was also observed for counts of SSLO in unused bedding and SSLO-IMI (OR = 1.09). These patterns of association were generally consistent across the 4 common bedding materials. In contrast, the association between counts of all bacteria in used bedding and ALL-IMI varied by bedding type, with positive associations observed in quarters exposed to manure solids (OR = 2.29) and organic non-manure (OR = 1.51) and a negative association in quarters exposed to new sand (OR = 0.47). Findings from this study suggest that quarter-level IMI prevalence in late-lactation cows is low in US dairy herds. Furthermore, bedding material type may not be an important risk factor for IMI in late lactation. Higher levels of bacteria in bedding may increase IMI prevalence at dry-off in general, but this relationship is likely to vary according to bedding material type.
Correlation between specific groups of heterotrophic bacteria and microcystin biodegradation in freshwater bodies of central Europe.

Microcystins produced by several toxic cyanobacterial strains constitute an important problem for public health. Bacterial degradation of these hepatotoxins may play an important role in natural ecosystems, however the nature of the process is very poorly understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible interactions between cyanotoxin producers and degraders. Samples collected from twenty four water bodies in western Poland were analysed to determine the chemo-physical parameters, phytoplankton content, bacterial community structure and microcystin-biodegradation potency. A redundancy analysis identified a positive correlation between the capacity of a community to degrade MC-LR and temperature, pH, chlorophyll a concentration and the abundance of MC-producers. A relative abundance of classes F38, TM7-3 and the order WCHB1-81c (Actinobacteria) was significantly higher in the lakes with MC-biodegradation potency. Some specific bacteria genera belonging to Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes and TM7 were closely correlated with the occurrence of Microcystis spp. Furthermore, the MC biodegradation process was connected with the same bacterial groups. Thus, our approach allowed to provide a broader picture of some specific relations between microcystin producers and potential microcystin degraders. A more comprehensive analysis of the existing correlations may be helpful in the understanding of natural mechanisms of MC elimination using bacteria such as MC-degraders.
A syndemic of psychosocial health problems is associated with increased HIV sexual risk among Nigerian gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM)

ABSTRACT Nigerian gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) experience negative psychosocial health problems, which may increase their risk for HIV infection. Few studies have explored the syndemic effect of co-occurring psychosocial health problems on HIV sexual risk among Nigerian GBMSM. We investigated the co-occurrence of syndemic psychosocial health problems and their synergistic effect on HIV risk behaviors. We assessed depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol dependence, tobacco use, and hard-drug use. The outcome variables were the number of male sexual partners and consistent condom use. In a multivariable model, experiencing 4 or more psychosocial health problems – compared to experience none or one psychosocial health problem – was significantly associated with increasing number of male sexual partners. We found no statistically significant association between the number of syndemic psychosocial health problems and consistent condom use. Our study findings provides evidence of a synergistic relationship between negative psychosocial health factors and HIV sexual risk behavior. These findings underscore the importance of developing HIV prevention programming aimed at reducing HIV transmission risk that incorporate substance use and mental health treatments, in order to improve the overall health and quality of life for Nigerian GBMSM.
A revised order of subunits in mammalian septin complexes

Septins are GTP binding proteins considered to be novel components of the cytoskeleton. They polymerize into filaments based on hexameric or octameric core particles in which two copies of either three or four different septins, respectively, assemble into a specific sequence. Viable combinations of the 13 human septins are believed to obey substitution rules in which the different septins involved must come from distinct subgroups. The hexameric assembly, for example, has been reported to be SEPT7–SEPT6–SEPT2–SEPT2–SEPT6–SEPT7. Here, we have replaced SEPT2 by SEPT5 according to the substitution rules and used transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate that the resulting recombinant complex assembles into hexameric particles which are inverted with respect that predicted previously. MBP‐SEPT5 constructs and immunostaining show that SEPT5 occupies the terminal positions of the hexamer. We further show that this is also true for the assembly including SEPT2, in direct contradiction with that reported previously. Consequently, both complexes expose an NC interface, as reported for yeast, which we show to be more susceptible to high salt concentrations. The correct assembly for the canonical combination of septins 2‐6‐7 is therefore established to be SEPT2–SEPT6–SEPT7–SEPT7–SEPT6–SEPT2, implying the need for revision of the mechanisms involved in filament assembly.