Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER RECONSTRUCTIONS OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL INHERITANCE

Nowadays the amount of computer reconstructions increases, that why the identification of their common classification as the study of peculiarities of different types of virtual reconstructions and the methods of their creation become more and more popular. The purpose of the article is to elaborate general classification of reconstructions of historical and cultural inheritance on the basis of the analysis of computer reconstructions represented on the Internet. The main approaches to studying given problem became essential and content-related analysis and problem and thematic approach.During the investigation two types of visual reconstructions (visual reconstruction of the object and visual reconstruction of the 3D-environment) and three types of virtual historical and cultural reconstructions (closed virtual reconstruction, exploratory or locating virtual reconstruction, projected virtual reconstruction) were identified. Identification of different types of computer reconstructions is meant to simplify orientation in varied virtual space and terminological communication of specialists, researchers and implementers of these spaces.
Pyrolysis Kinetics of Hydrochars Produced from Brewer’s Spent Grains

The current market situation shows that large quantities of the brewer’s spent grains (BSG)—the leftovers from the beer productions—are not fully utilized as cattle feed. The untapped BSG is a promising feedstock for cheap and environmentally friendly production of carbonaceous materials in thermochemical processes like hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) or pyrolysis. The use of a singular process results in the production of inappropriate material (HTC) or insufficient economic feasibility (pyrolysis), which hinders their application on a larger scale. The coupling of both processes can create synergies and allow the mentioned obstacles to be overcome. To investigate the possibility of coupling both processes, we analyzed the thermal degradation of raw BSG and BSG-derived hydrochars and assessed the solid material yield from the singular as well as the coupled processes. This publication reports the non-isothermal kinetic parameters of pyrolytic degradation of BSG and derived hydrochars produced in three different conditions (temperature-retention time). It also contains a summary of their pyrolytic char yield at four different temperatures. The obtained KAS (Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose) average activation energy was 285, 147, 170, and 188 kJ mol−1 for BSG, HTC-180-4, HTC-220-2, and HTC-220-4, respectively. The pyrochar yield for all hydrochar cases was significantly higher than for BSG, and it increased with the severity of the HTC’s conditions. The results reveal synergies resulting from coupling both processes, both in the yield and the reduction of the thermal load of the conversion process. According to these promising results, the coupling of both conversion processes can be beneficial. Nevertheless, drying and overall energy efficiency, as well as larger scale assessment, still need to be conducted to fully confirm the concept.
Small-Molecule Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase and PD-L1 Inhibitor Conjugates as Dual-Action Anticancer Agents

Immune checkpoint blockades have revolutionized the treatment landscape for several cancer indications, yet they have not gained traction in a range of other tumors such as triple-negative breast cancer. Despite durable disease control by many patients, a third of cancer patients relapse due to acquired resistance. Combined immunotherapy has shown significant promise to overcome these grand challenges. In this report, we describe the synthesis and characterization of dual-action small-molecule PARP1/PD-L1 inhibitor conjugates as potential targeted anticancer agents. These conjugates display significant apoptosis and cytotoxic efficacy to approximately 2–20-fold better than their individual agents in a panel of cancer cell lines. This was underscored by derived combination indices, which was consistent with strong synergy when cells were treated with the individual agents, olaparib and BMS-001 using the Chou–Talalay method. Furthermore, we sought to unravel the mechanistic behavior of the conjugates and their implications on the PARP/PD-L1 axis. We used apoptosis, cell cycle, immunoblotting, and T-cell proliferation assays to establish the synergy imparted by these conjugates. These multifunctional compounds enable the discovery of small-molecule immunochemotherapeutic agents and chemical probes to elucidate the cross-talk between DNA repair and PD-L1 pathways.
Innovative multi‐processed N‐doped carbon and Fe3O4 cathode for enhanced bioelectro‐Fenton microbial fuel cell performance

A novel bioelectro‐Fenton microbial fuel cell (BEF‐MFC) cathode has been fabricated by modification of electrode using multi‐processing of nitrogen‐doped carbon (NDC)/nano‐Fe3O4 method with the aims of cost‐effectiveness, high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) efficiency, and power performance enhancement. In this study, BEF‐MFC with carbon cloth (CC) cathode pyrolyzed with NDC‐M100/Fe3O4 at 700°C achieved higher ORR activity compared with the commercial Pt/C under same operational conditions. It also exhibited excellent crystalline structure according to high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis. Moreover, using NDCN/Fe3O4 can facilitate further Fenton‐like reaction for the treatment of wastewater. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of the reactor was 78% with maximum power density of 1.57 W/m3 in 216 hours. Thus, an innovative multi‐processing method with feasibility for enhanced wastewater treatment and improved power performance of the MFC was investigated. This can be effectively applied in related alternative energy production techniques and bio‐electrochemical systems in the future.
Recruitment of Podosome Components Involved in the Remodelling of the Actin Cytoskeleton

Podosomes are dynamic, actin-rich structures that are involved in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix degradation; they are composed of a densely packed actin core surrounded by a ring structure made of components commonly found in focal adhesions. Podosome formation is characterized by the recruitment of AFAP-110, p190RhoGAP, and cortactin, which have specific roles in Src activation, local down-regulation of RhoA activity, and actin polymerization, respectively. However, the precise function of p190RhoGAP in podosome formation is not clear yet. By employing siRNA-mediated expression knockdown and expressing a catalytically inactive point mutant, I provide evidence that p190RhoGAP is required for podosome formation. It is well documented that Src-induced interaction of p190RhoGAP with p120RasGAP regulates p190RhoGAP activity and subcellular localization. In this thesis, I show that p190RhoGAP is constitutively associated in a complex with p120RasGAP in vascular smooth muscle cells, and that p120RasGAP translocates to podosomes upon PDBu stimulation. Nevertheless, siRNA-mediated knockdown of p120RasGAP expression does not impair p190RhoGAP recruitment or podosome formation, indicating that p120RasGAP is not essential for podosome formation. The molecular mechanism that underlies the specific recruitment of critical podosome components to sites of podosome formation remains unknown. The scaffold protein Tks5 is localized to podosomes in Src-transformed fibroblasts and in vascular smooth muscle cells, and may serve as a specific recruiting adapter for various components during podosome formation. I show here that induced mislocalization of Tks5 to the surface of mitochondria leads to a major subcellular redistribution of AFAP-110, p190RhoGAP, and cortactin, and to inhibition of podosome formation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Analysis of a series of similarly mistargeted deletion mutants of Tks5 indicates that the fifth SH3 domain is essential for this recruitment. A Tks5-GFP mutant lacking the PX domain also inhibits podosome formation and induces the redistribution of AFAP-110, p190RhoGAP, and cortactin to the perinuclear area. Together these findings demonstrate that Tks5 plays a central role in the recruitment of AFAP-110, p190RhoGAP, and cortactin to drive podosome formation. Evidence from osteoclasts and tumour cells cultured on different substrates indicates that the physical parameters of the underlying substrate influence the ability of cells to form podosomes or the related structures invadopodia. However, it is unclear how vascular smooth muscle cells respond to contact with different types of substrates. Thus, the last part of this thesis is dedicated to determine how podosome-forming vascular smooth muscle cells respond to alterations in the properties of the underlying substrate. I show here that A7r5 cells cultured on cross-linked gelatin degrade matrix by forming invadopodia-like structures. This is the first time that a cell type is reported to be capable of forming both podosomes and invadopodia in different conditions.
Cholesteric-type cellulosic structures: from plants to applications

ABSTRACT The structural support of plant cells is provided by the cell wall, which major load-bearing component is an array of hierarchical orientedhierarchical-oriented cellulose nano-, micro- and meso-structures of cellulose microfibrils. Cellulosic structures can respond to humidity changes by expanding or shrinking and this allows, for example, the dispersion of seeds. Previous studies have shown that nanorods, extracted from cell walls, can generate lyotropic liquid crystals that are at the origin of solid cholesteric-like arrangements. Not only photonic films, but also right and left helical filaments, anisotropic films with the ability to bend back and forth under the action of a moisture gradient at room temperature, are some of the materials that were produced from cellulose liquid crystal systems. This work is a review that focus on liquid crystalline-based structures obtained from cellulosic materials and how small perturbations on their structures affect significantly the response to external stimulus and interactions with the environment. Special emphasis is given to cholesteric-like organization of cellulose structures existing in plants, which are an inspiration for the production of the next generation of soft interactive materials. Graphical Abstract
Effect of Alginate and Chitosan Edible Coating Enriched with Olive Leaves Extract on the Shelf Life of Sweet Cherries (Prunus avium L.)

Edible film coatings are widely used as a protective barrier for the reduction of transpiration and respiration, therefore reducing the ripening process in fruits and vegetables and improving their quality. The influence of chitosan 1% and alginate 3% enriched with olive leaves extract (OLE) on the quality of sweet cherries was studied. Overall, the ripening process and the increase in anthocyanins were found to be delayed with the use of coating particularly those composed of chitosan in combination with OLE. Ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents were recorded with restricted loss at the end of 20 days of storage in both chitosan- and alginate-coated samples enriched with OLE. Higher values of antioxidant activity expressed as the percentage inhibition of DPPH were reported in correlation with phytochemical content. It could be concluded that chitosan and alginate coating enriched with OLE could be efficient for prolonging the shelf life of sweet cherries.
Bioadsorption of Cr (VI) in aqueous solutions by pseudomonas koreensis immobilized in alginate beads

Water pollution by Cr is challenging due to its high toxicity. Most of chromium is released by industrial processes. Different methods have been developed to remove heavy metals from water, but they are expensive and not efficient for low concentrations. Microorganisms have received attention since they are able to grow in stress conditions. Bacteria living in water bodies near to mining are resistant to heavy metals; then, they have potential for bioadsorption applications. The purpose of this work was to isolate a microorganism tolerant to Cr from water bodies near to a mining zone. The isolated, Pseudomonas koreensis, was immobilized in alginate beads and its efficiency to remove Cr from water was evaluated. For isolation, serial dilution of samples was conducted; microorganisms were cultured in EMB, MacConkey and Mannitol salt agar and incubated at 30–35 °C for 24 h. The dominant colonies were replanted in nutrient agar supplemented with chromium and they were incubated at 30–35 °C until growth evidence. Species identification was done according to Bergey’s Manual and by 16 S rDNA sequencing. Alginate beads were prepared by slow continuous deposition method. Isolated bacteria were set in batch reactors together with alginate beads and nutrient medium to promote microorganism immobilization. The biofilm presence was confirmed through SEM. A random experimental design was used to determine the best amount of adsorbent in lab scale batch reactors. The concentration was taken as variable considering 15, 25 and 40 g. Temperature, pH, stirring and concentration of Cr (VI) were fixed at 30°C, 6.6, 150 rpm and 10 ppm, respectively. Samples from 0 to 56 h were taken. A variance analysis was performed. Chromium removal of 97% at 32 h was reached. Significative difference was observed related to adsorbent concentration and time. The best results correspond to 40 g of adsorbent.
Using a holographic imager on a tethered balloon system for microphysical observations of boundary layer clouds

Abstract. Conventional techniques to measure boundary layer clouds such as research aircraft are unable to sample in orographically diverse or densely populated areas. In this paper, we present a newly developed measurement platform on a tethered balloon system (HoloBalloon) to measure in situ vertical profiles of microphysical and meteorological cloud properties up to 1 km above ground. The main component of the HoloBalloon platform is a holographic imager, which uses digital in-line holography to image an ensemble of cloud particles in the size range from small cloud droplets to precipitation-sized particles in a three-dimensional volume. Based on a set of two-dimensional images, information about the phase-resolved particle size distribution, shape and spatial distribution can be obtained. The velocity-independent sample volume makes holographic imagers particularly well suited for measurements on a balloon. The unique combination of holography and balloon-borne measurements allows for observations with high spatial resolution, covering cloud structures from the kilometer down to the millimeter scale. The potential of the measurement technique in studying boundary layer clouds is demonstrated on the basis of a case study. We present observations of a supercooled low stratus cloud during a Bise situation over the Swiss Plateau in February 2018. In situ microphysical profiles up to 700 m altitude above the ground were performed at temperatures down to −8 ∘C and wind speeds up to 15 m s−1. We were able to capture unique microphysical signatures in stratus clouds, in the form of inhomogeneities in the cloud droplet number concentration and in cloud droplet size, from the kilometer down to the meter scale.
Investigating in Vitro Amyloid Peptide 1–42 Aggregation: Impact of Higher Molecular Weight Stable Adducts

The self-assembly of amyloid peptides (Aβ), in particular Aβ1–42, into oligomers and fibrils is one of the main pathological events related to Alzheimer’s disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) to protect neurons and astrocytes from Aβ1–42 toxicity. In fact, CORMs are able to carry and release controlled levels of CO and are known to exert a wide range of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities at physiologically relevant concentrations. In order to investigate the direct effects of CORMs on Aβ1–42, we studied the reactivity of CORM-2 and CORM-3 with Aβ1–42in vitro and the potential inhibition of its aggregation by mass spectrometry (MS), as well as fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies. The application of an electrospray ionization-MS (ESI-MS) method allowed the detection of stable Aβ1–42/CORMs adducts, involving the addition of the Ru(CO)2 portion of CORMs at histidine residues on the Aβ1–42 skeleton. Moreover, CORMs showed anti-aggregating properties through formation of stable adducts with Aβ1–42 as demonstrated by a thioflavin T fluorescence assay and MS analysis. As further proof, comparison of the CD spectra of Aβ1–42 recorded in the absence and in the presence of CORM-3 at a 1:1 molar ratio showed the ability of CORM-3 to stabilize the peptide in its soluble, unordered conformation, thereby preventing its misfolding and aggregation. This multi-methodological investigation revealed novel interactions between Aβ1–42 and CORMs, contributing new insights into the proposed neuroprotective mechanisms mediated by CORMs and disclosing a new strategy to divert amyloid aggregation and toxicity.
Bacteriological Contamination Detection in Water
and Wastewater Samples Using OD600

The effectiveness of disinfection, as well as microbiological composition of water, are assessed by microbiological tests. The analysis usually takes from 24 to 48 hours. During this time the water produced at the water treatment plant has already been fed to the water supply system. In order to reduce the risk of bacteriological contamination, higher concentrations of disinfectants are maintained. Considering the fact that water supply systems use retention tanks with retention times of from 5 to 12 hours, microbiological tests should give the result in shorter time than water retention time in the water tanks. The aim of the study was to determine whether the bacterial community in static liquid medium with the control of absorbance change at 600 nm (OD600) can be applied as a diagnostic method at water treatment plant laboratories. The research on water and wastewater samples has shown that the duration of lag time λ depends on the approximate amount of bacteria and the initial conditions in liquid media at the start of the experiment. It has been shown that the method can be used in the future for rapid monitoring of bacteriological contamination in the water.
PdO/SnO2 heterostructure for low-temperature detection of CO with fast response and recovery

In this paper, we developed a simple two-step route to prepare a PdO/SnO2 heterostructure with the diameter of the SnO2 and PdO nanoparticles at about 15 nm and 3 nm, respectively. In the evaluation temperature window between 80 °C and 340 °C, PdO/SnO2 shows the best response to 100 ppm of CO at 100 °C with fast response time (14 s) and recovery time (8 s). Furthermore, the PdO/SnO2 nanoparticles exhibit a low detection limit and good selectivity to CO against interfering gases as well as rarely-seen low-temperature stability and reversibility. Such enhanced gas sensing performance could be attributed to both the ultrafine structure of PdO and the synergy between PdO and SnO2. The results clearly indicate the application of PdO/SnO2 as a pratical low-temperature sensing material for CO.
Laron Syndrome Patients have an Abnormal Plasma Amino Acid Pattern

Table 1: Clinical details: patients sex, age and serum IGF-I levels. Table 2: Plasma amino acids in LS patients and control groups as mean +/SD per group. Laron Syndrome (LS), (OMIM#262500) is rare recessively inherited disease caused by deletions or mutations of the GH receptor, and characterized by low or undetectable serum IGF-I(1). This deficiency leads to a series of metabolic abnormalities including of the proteins. Due to long standing IGF-I deficiency there is general underdevelopment of the muscular system composition reduced muscular mass(2,3), force and endurance(4).
Molecular investigation of mitochondrial inner membrane morphology

The mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) is highly curved and displays a complex but extremely organised ultrastructure. It is subdivided into two morphologically, topologically, as well as functionally, distinct compartments. The relatively flat inner boundary membrane (IBM) runs in the proximity to the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). The cristae membranes (CM) protrude towards the mitochondrial matrix. IBM and CM are joint by so-called cristae junctions (CJ). These narrow, tubular segments of the MIM are important not only for MIM organisation but also for overall mitochondrial and cellular physiology. The evolutionary conserved multi-subunit protein complex MICOS (mitochondrial contact sites and cristae organising system) was shown to play a profound role in CJ formation and stabilisation. MICOS deletion leads to a significant change of the MIM ultrastructure resulting in CJ loss and accumulation of CM in the form of enclosed membranous stacks. During this study, it was revealed that the MICOS core protein Mic60 displays membrane bending properties. Mic60 is able to remodel artificial membranes in vitro and induces the formation of cristae-like membrane invaginations when targeted to the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane in vivo. The membrane remodelling and lipid binding properties of the Mic60 protein are allocated to its intermembrane space domain. Experiments performed with the alphaproteobacterial homologues of Mic60 revealed that Mic60 membrane bending properties are evolutionary conserved. The alphaproteobacterial Mic60 proteins not only display membrane-remodelling effects on artificial and bacterial membranes but also, at least partially, are able to rescue the morphological defects of the MIM in mic60Δ eukaryotic cells. Thus, an unexpected role of Mic60 as a membrane-remodelling MICOS subunit was discovered. It was shown that these properties are driven by a very ancient and conserved mechanism, which, most probably, arose prior to the endosymbiotic event more than 1.5 billion years ago.
Isolation and Characterization of Flavonoid and Other Compounds from Seeds Extract of Calpurnia Aurea

The study was undertaken to isolate and characterize flavonoid and other compounds from seeds extract of Calpurnia aurea . Three compounds were isolated from this medicinal plant, it were identified as flavonoid compound G1 named: 2-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one, compound P2 named: 1-(2-(3-((E)-buta-1,3-dienyl) cyclopentyl)ethyl)benzene and compound C3 named: (E)-methyl 14-hydroxy-10-methyltetradec-2-enoate. Its structures determinations were based on 1 H, 13 C NMR spectral measurements. In this study, proton and carbon signals were assigned by means of 2D NMR spectral methods for compound P2. Keywords : 2D NMR; Calpurnia aurea ; Phytochemical; Structure DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-7-01 Publication date : April 30 th 2019