Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A low prevalence of the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in Asian Indians

The prevalence of the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in Asian Indians from India was determined and the association of the mutant allele with coronary artery disease (CAD) was evaluated in a case–control study. The case group consisted of 251 patients with CAD; 195 male and 56 female aged from 29 to 82 years (mean age ± SD, 57.5 ± 10.6 years). The control group consisted of 216 apparently healthy individuals without evidence of CAD; 161 male and 55 female aged from 30 to 83 years (mean age ± SD, 54.9 ± 10.4 years). All the patients were assessed by coronary angiography. While 33 patients had normal coronaries, 23, 25 and 39 patients had single‐vessel, two‐vessel and triple‐vessel disease, respectively. Eighty‐three patients (33%) had suffered myocardial infarction less than a year to five years earlier. The C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene was assessed. While 31% of the controls and 38% of the patients had the heterozygous genotype, 2% of the control group and none of the patients had the mutant homozygous genotype. The overall ‘T’ allelic frequencies were comparable in control and patient groups (0.18 and 0.19, respectively), but the association of the sum of heterozygous and homozygous genotypes with CAD (1, 2 or 3‐vessel disease) was statistically significant for females only [Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals), 2.8 (1.1–6.9), p = 0.023]. No association was found between genotype distribution and previous myocardial infarction or severity of atherosclerosis.
Prevalence of human xenotropic murine leukemia virus‐related gammaretrovirus (XMRV) in dutch prostate cancer patients

The occurrence of the retrovirus xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)‐related virus (XMRV) has been reported in prostate tissue of patients with prostate cancer (PrCa). Considering the potential great medical and social relevance of this discovery, we investigated whether this finding could be confirmed in an independent group of Dutch sporadic PrCa cases.
Physical abuse in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of physical abuse during late pregnancy and to investigate how abused and nonabused pregnant women differ in demographic characteristics, health habits, psychologic distress and attitudes about fetal health. DESIGN Survey of women attending for prenatal health care or admitted to hospital for delivery. The information was obtained on one occasion from self-report questionnaires, completed with the option of anonymity. SETTINGS Community-based prenatal clinic, private obstetricians' offices in a large city, private family physicians' offices in a large city, family physicians' offices in a small town, and a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS English-speaking women at 20 weeks' or more gestation attending or admitted consecutively. INTERVENTIONS Three self-report questionnaires: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Fetal Health Locus of Control (FHLC) and the study questionnaire. RESULTS Thirteen women (2.4%) refused to participate in the survey. Of the 548 women who completed the questionnaires 36 (6.6%) reported physical abuse during the current pregnancy and 60 (10.9%) before it. There were no significant differences in rates of abuse between settings. Of the women abused during the pregnancy 23 (63.9%) reported increased abuse during the pregnancy, and 28 (77.8%) remained with the abuser. Twenty-four pregnant women (66.7%) received medical treatment for abuse, but only 1 (2.8%) told her prenatal care provider of the abuse. Factor analysis revealed three factors associated with physical abuse in pregnancy: "social instability" (comprising low age, unmarried status, lower level of education, unemployment and unplanned pregnancy), "unhealthy lifestyle" (comprising poor diet, alcohol use, illicit drug use and emotional problems) and "physical health problems" (comprising health problems and prescription drug use). The GHQ scores showed that the abused women were significantly more emotionally distressed than the nonabused women (p < 0.001). The FHLC scores showed that the abused women believed they had little "internal control" over the health of their fetuses and that "chance" played the most important role in the outcome of their pregnancy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Abused pregnant patients are a frequently undetected high-risk group. Prenatal care should include a routine screening question about domestic violence, and identified patients should be appropriately counselled and referred.
Patients' reports of traumatic or harmful experiences within the psychiatric setting.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the frequency and associated distress of potentially traumatic or harmful experiences occurring within psychiatric settings among persons with severe mental illness who were served by a public-sector mental health system. METHODS Participants were 142 randomly selected adult psychiatric patients who were recruited through a day hospital program. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures to assess traumatic and harmful events that occurred during the course of their mental health care, lifetime trauma exposure, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. RESULTS Data revealed high rates of reported lifetime trauma that occurred within psychiatric settings, including physical assault (31 percent), sexual assault (8 percent), and witnessing traumatic events (63 percent). The reported rates of potentially harmful experiences, such as being around frightening or violent patients (54 percent), were also high. Finally, reported rates of institutional measures of last resort, such as seclusion (59 percent), restraint (34 percent), takedowns (29 percent), and handcuffed transport (65 percent), were also high. Having medications used as a threat or punishment, unwanted sexual advances in a psychiatric setting, inadequate privacy, and sexual assault by a staff member were associated with a history of exposure to sexual assault as an adult. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that traumatic and harmful experiences within psychiatric settings warrant increased attention.
Aplicación de las teorías de la firma: operacionalización del CAPM para empresas de Colombia y latinoamericanas

Para el calculo del CAPM, es necesario conocer variables como la tasa libre de riesgo, el beta y la prima del mercado. El calculo de estos parametros esta dado generalmente para su aplicacion en mercados de valores fuertes y solidos (cercanos a la eficiencia) no siendo este el caso de los mercados de los paises emergentes, por esta razon, el trabajo propone una metodologia de calculo de los parametros del CAPM para paises emergentes con el fin de emitir recomendaciones que faciliten su aplicacion.
Pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder among children and adolescents

There is growing recognition that bipolar disorder frequently first presents in adolescence. Preadolescents with volatile behavior and severe mood swings also comprise a large group of patients whose difficulties may lie within the bipolar spectrum. However, the preponderance of scientific effort and clinical trials for this condition has focused on adults. This review summarizes the complexity of bipolar disorder and diagnosis of the disease among young people. It proceeds to review the principles of pharmacotherapy, assess current treatment options and to highlight areas where evidence-based guidance is lacking. Recent developments have enlarged the range of potential treatments for bipolar disorder. Nonetheless, differences in the phenomenology, course and sequelae of bipolar disorder among young people compel greater attention to the benefits and liabilities of therapy for those affected by this illness’ early onset. By summarizing current research and opinion on diagnostic issues and treatment approaches, this review aims to provide an update on a clinically important yet controversial topic.
Microfracture produces inferior outcomes to other cartilage repair techniques in chondral injuries in the paediatric knee.

INTRODUCTION Chondral injuries are becoming increasingly common in the paediatric knee. First line surgical therapy is usually microfracture (MF), but the emergence of alternative techniques raises the question of what is the optimal treatment in paediatric patients. SOURCES OF DATA A comprehensive search of PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, SportDiscus and Cochrane databases was performed using the key words 'autologous chondrocyte implantation, MF, mosaicplasty, juvenile, paediatric'. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Each technique demonstrated a significant post-surgical improvement in clinical outcome scores. However, MF demonstrated poorer outcomes in larger lesions (>3 cm(2)) and shorter durability. AREA OF CONTROVERSY The quality of the available literature is poor, and there is a lack of comparative trials. GROWING POINTS The impact of defect characteristics, mechanism of injury and concomitant surgeries should be investigated. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Appropriately powered randomized controlled trials with suitably long follow up and condition-specific outcome measures should compare different techniques against each other and placebo.
Heterogeneity in mild cognitive impairment: Differences in neuropsychological profile and associated white matter lesion pathology

Abstract This study examined whether distinct neuropsychological profiles could be delineated in a sample with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and whether white matter lesion (WML) burden contributed to MCI group differences. A heterogeneous, clinical sample of 70 older adults diagnosed with MCI was assessed using cognitive scores, and WML was quantified using a semi-automated, volumetric approach on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. Using cluster and discriminant analyses, three distinct groups (Memory/Language, Executive/Processing Speed, and Pure Memory) were empirically derived based on cognitive scores. Results also showed a dose dependent relationship of WML burden to MCI subgroup, with the Executive/Processing Speed subgroup demonstrating significantly higher levels of WML pathology when compared to the other subgroups. In addition, there was a dissociation of lesion type by the two most impaired subgroups (Memory/Language and Executive/Processing Speed) such that the Memory/Language subgroup showed higher periventricular lesion (PVL) and lower deep white matter lesion (DWML) volumes, whereas the Executive/Processing Speed demonstrated higher DWML and lower PVL volumes. Results demonstrate that distinct MCI subgroups can be empirically derived and reliably differentiated from a heterogeneous MCI sample, and that these profiles differ according to WML burden. Overall, findings suggest different underlying pathologies within MCI and contribute to our understanding of MCI subtypes. (JINS, 2009, 15, 906–914.)
The effect of dilute corrosives on the esophagus.

Cats were used in this study to demonstrate the effect of dilute corrosive drain cleaners upon the esophagus. Sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide in less than 10% strength all produced gross and microscopic evidence of severe damage after 30-second exposure. We suggest that presently allowable concentrations of these agents for household use should be banned and cite clinical data on accidental injury in childhood to suggest that "child-proof" packages will not afford much protection.
Summary report: Missing data and pedigree and genotyping errors

Genetic epidemiology is faced with mapping complex traits to genes with relatively small effects whose phenotypes may be modulated by temporal factors. To do this, detailed and accurate data must be available on families, perhaps collected over time. The Framingham Heart Study data supplied to Genetic Analysis Workshop 13 (GAW13), along with its simulated counterpart, contain longitudinal measurements and genomic scan data on 2,885 individuals in 330 families, and offer an opportunity to examine data quality and completeness issues as they affect analytical conclusions. Six GAW13 contributions applied methods to deal with missing data, both phenotypic and genotypic, at a single time point and longitudinally, and with possible errors in pedigree structure and genotypes. The methods included missing phenotypic data imputation by Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling, propensity scoring, regression, and adjusted mean values, as well as the assessment of transmission‐disequilibrium tests when missing marker data may be allele‐specific. Pedigree structural errors were found by genome‐wide allele‐sharing probabilities, while Mendelian consistent genotype errors were evaluated through likelihoods of double‐recombination events. Each of the methods reviewed here offered insights into how to better take advantage of large, time‐dependent, familial data sets. However, no one of them dealt with the longitudinal and familial aspects simultaneously. Overall, more consideration needs to be given to the effects that missing data and data errors have on our ability to map complex traits efficiently and accurately. Genet Epidemiol 25 (Suppl. 1):S36–S42. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ÜBER EINE BISHER NOCH NICHT BENÜTZTE ERWEITERUNG DES FINITEN STANDPUNKTES

Zusammenfassung P. Bernays hat darauf hingewiesen, dass man, um die Widerspruchs freiheit der klassischen Zahlentheorie zu beweisen, den Hilbertschen flniter Standpunkt dadurch erweitern muss, dass man neben den auf Symbole sich beziehenden kombinatorischen Begriffen gewisse abstrakte Begriffe zulasst, Die abstrakten Begriffe, die bisher fur diesen Zweck verwendet wurden, sinc die der konstruktiven Ordinalzahltheorie und die der intuitionistischer. Logik. Es wird gezeigt, dass man statt deesen den Begriff einer berechenbaren Funktion endlichen einfachen Typs uber den naturlichen Zahler benutzen kann, wobei keine anderen Konstruktionsverfahren fur solche Funktionen notig sind, als einfache Rekursion nach einer Zahlvariablen und Einsetzung von Funktionen ineinander (mit trivialen Funktionen als Ausgangspunkt). Abstract P. Bernays has pointed out that, in order to prove the consistency of classical number theory, it is necessary to extend Hilbert's finitary stand-point by admitting certain abstract concepts in addition to the combinatorial concepts referring to symbols. The abstract concepts that so far have been used for this purpose are those of the constructive theory of ordinals and those of intuitionistic logic. It is shown that the concept of a computable function of finite simple type over the integers can be used instead, where no other procedures of constructing such functions are necessary except simple recursion by an integral variable and substitution of functions in each other (starting with trivial functions).
Hand Grip Strength in Relation to AnthropometricMeasures of School Children: A Cross Sectional Study

Background and Purpose: Grip strength is a good predictor of hand functions; it is an important part of hand assessment for proper hand function and integrity of muscles. It is not clear whether a relationship exists between hand grip strength and anthropometric measures of the upper limb from childhood period to adolescence period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between hand grip strength and some upper limb anthropometric measures and to detect the difference between boys and girls for all measured parameters in different school grades. Design: Cross Sectional study. Participants: Seven hundred and fifty seven healthy children of both sexes with age range between 7 to 18 years. Methods: Hand grip strength was assessed by hydraulic hand held dynamometer and it was correlated to some anthropometric measures including (Height, whole arm length, upper arm length, forearm length, Hand width (cm), weight (kg), percentile body mass index (PBMI), and hand grip strength for both dominant and non-dominant hands for each child in each grade separately. Results: A strong positive relationship between hand grip strength and anthropometric measures in primary grades was detected with a weak positive relationship in preparatory and secondary grades. Multiple regression analysis revealed that age, sex, weight and height were predictors of grip strength in both hands. Conclusion: It was concluded that hand grip strength had a significant relationship with some anthropometric measures of upper limb in Egyptian school children in different grades.
Long-Term Survival of a Patient with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome despite the Lack of Continuous Ventilatory Support

Untreated idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is thought to cause infant death within 1–2 months. Here we present an adult patient with CCHS who survived without continuous ventilatory support, despite hypoventilation from early childhood onward. The diagnosis was confirmed at the age of 22 years, when the patient presented with hypoventilation during the night (PaCO2 60 mm Hg, PaO2 56 mm Hg, pH 7.32 HCO–3 30 mmol/l) but hyperventilation when awake (PaCO2 26 mm Hg, PaO2 81 mm Hg, pH 7.56, HCO–3 23 mmol/l). The maximal hematocrit was 77%. Despite mental retardation, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) could be successfully established. NPPV-supported ventilation during the night (PaCO2 36, PaO2 84 mm Hg, pH 7.47, HCO–3 25 mmol/l) reduced hematocrit values (40.6 to 36.8%) over a period of 4 years. In conclusion, long-term survival with CCHS is possible without continuous ventilatory support. Spontaneous improvement of hypoventilation during sleep throughout childhood is possible and hyperventilation during wakefulness may occur in patients with CCHS. CCHS can be managed with NPPV despite mental retardation, even over a long-term period.
Huperzine A reverses scopolamine- and muscimol-induced memory deficits in chick.

AIM To study the effects of huperzine A on disruption of spatial memory induced by scopolamine (a muscarinic antagonist) and muscimol (a GABAA agonist) in passive avoidance task. METHODS One-trial passive avoidance task was used to investigate the effects of huperzine A. The avoidance rate was used to evaluate memory retention. RESULTS Both scopolamine (100 ng) and muscimol (50 ng), injected intracranially 5 min before training, resulted in a decreased avoidance rate. Huperzine A (25 ng), injected intracranially 15 min before training, reversed memory deficits induced by scopolamine and muscimol at 30 min after training, and this reversal persisted at least 1 h. The improving effects of huperzine A exhibited a bell-shaped dose-response curve. CONCLUSION Huperzine A improved the process of memory formation not only by acting as a highly potent and selective inhibitor of AChE, but also by antagonizing effects mediated through the GABAA receptor.
Sonic Hedgehog-induced Activation of the Gli1Promoter Is Mediated by GLI3*

Drosophila transcription factorcubitus interruptus (Ci) and its co-activator CRE (cAMP response element)-binding protein (CBP) activate a group of target genes on the anterior-posterior border in response to hedgehog protein (Hh) signaling. In the anterior region, in contrast, the carboxyl-truncated form of Ci generated by protein processing represses Hh expression. In vertebrates, three Ci-related transcription factors (glioblastoma gene products (GLIs) 1, 2, and 3) were identified, but their functional difference in Hh signal transduction is unknown. Here, we report distinct roles for GLI1 and GLI3 in Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. GLI3 containing both repression and activation domains acts both as an activator and a repressor, as does Ci, whereas GLI1 contains only the activation domain. Consistent with this, GLI3, but not GLI1, is processed to generate the repressor form. Transcriptional co-activator CBP binds to GLI3, but not to GLI1. Thetrans-activating capacity of GLI3 is positively and negatively regulated by Shh and cAMP-dependent protein kinase, respectively, through a specific region of GLI3, which contains the CBP-binding domain and the phosphorylation sites of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. GLI3 directly binds to theGli1 promoter and induces Gli1 transcription in response to Shh. Thus, GLI3 may act as a mediator of Shh signaling in the activation of the target gene Gli1.
Toward a General Theory of Unconscious Processes in Psychoanalysis and Anesthesiology

Psychoanalysis and anesthesiology appear radically different in their clinical practice, yet they share a focus of inquiry: unconscious processes. Despite this common domain, there has been no exploration of the relationship between “the unconscious” as conceived by psychoanalysts and “surgical unconsciousness” as conceived by anesthesiologists. This is likely due to the fact that general anesthesia has been assumed to be a state in which the brain is simply “turned off. ” More recent neuroscientific data invalidate this assumption by demonstrating that the anesthetized brain is both cognitively dynamic and capable of implicit learning. Current perspectives on anesthetic mechanisms suggest that general anesthesia is characterized not simply by the absence of cognitive activity, but by the disintegration of cognitive activity. The cognitive unbinding paradigm of general anesthesia is discussed and its application to Wilfred Bion's theory of thinking, as well as his concept of attacks on linking, is elucidated. Based on the common structure and function of unconscious processes in psychoanalysis and anesthesiology, the foundation of a general theory is established.
Application of person-centered analytic methodology in longitudinal research: exemplars from the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial data.

Despite the variety of available analytic methods, longitudinal research in nursing has been dominated by use of a variable-centered analytic approach. The purpose of this article is to present the utility of person-centered methodology using a large cohort of American women 65 and older enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial (N = 19,891). Four distinct trajectories of energy/fatigue scores were identified. Levels of fatigue were closely linked to age, socio-demographic factors, comorbidities, health behaviors, and poor sleep quality. These findings were consistent regardless of the methodological framework. Finally, we demonstrated that energy/fatigue levels predicted future hospitalization in non-disabled elderly. Person-centered methods provide unique opportunities to explore and statistically model the effects of longitudinal heterogeneity within a population.
SIMILARIDADE ENTRE DOCUMENTOS DE ESPECIFICAÇÃO DE REQUISITOS DE SOFTWARE UTILIZANDO O MODELO VETORIAL DE RECUPERAÇÃO DE INFORMAÇÃO

O Processamento de Linguagem Natural ganhou destaque nos ultimos anos,principalmente por propor solucoes as limitacoes existentes na manipulacao degrandes volumes de informacoes textuais. Este trabalho aborda o estudo do modelovetorial de recuperacao de informacao na busca por termos relevantes queconsigam indicar a similaridade entre documentos, com o foco na utilizacao dessemetodo pela engenharia de requisitos. Foi realizado um estudo de caso paraanalisar o comportamento do metodo TFIDF (Term frequency – Inverse DocumentFrequency) em documentos de especificacao de requisitos de software. Os testesdemonstraram que na aplicacao do metodo TFIDF foram obtidos resultados comconsideravel similaridade conceitual entre os documentos. Os documentosutilizados nos testes fazem parte de um dominio de um sistema academico e osresultados mostram que o metodo TFIDF juntamente com a selecao linguistica desubstantivos e verbos torna o processo de busca por similaridade conceitual entredocumentos mais eficiente.